cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fiber Distribution in Optic and Saphenous Nerves

“Either the nerves themselves may communicate impressions different in quality to the sensorium, which in every instance remains the same; or else the vibrations of the nervous principle may in every nerve be the same,….”, etc.1“The results therefore fail to support the view (of Bishop and Heinbecker), that there are fiber types distinguishable by time to maximum, conduction rate, irritability and refractory period…. Since it is possible to recognize differences in the physiological responses of individual axons, it is no longer incumbent upon physiologists to adhere to the doctrine of specific nerve energies.”2The latter quotation seems to present a third alternative to those recognized by Johannes Muller in the former, a formulation of his doctrine of specific nerve energies. Muller emphasized the specificity of the whole sensory pathway, being unable to decide whether the differences in sensory pathways were assignable to qualitative differences in the responses of the nerve fibers concerned, or to dif...
Adaptive Semi-blind Multiuser Detection Algorithm in MC-CDMA System

This paper investigates the semi-blind multiuser detection for multicarrier CDMA(MC-CDMA) uplink,improves Chebyshev approximation implementation of the minimum output energy(MOE) blind multiuser detection and proposes an adaptive semi-blind multiuser detection algorithm based on subspace tracking and Chebyshev approximation for MC-CDMA uplink.On the basis of MOE linear detector,it designs a semi-blind multiuser detector based on the MOE principle by making use of the spreading sequences of all known users and effectively eliminates multiaccess interference.In order to reduce the computational complexity,the improved PASTd algorithm is applied to Chebyshev approximation algorithm to estimate the optimal weight vector of MOE semi-blind multiuser detector.The proposed algorithm has the low computational complexity,and excellent capability of eliminating multiple access interference and good detection performance.Simulation results are presented to demonstrate the superiority and feasibility of the proposed algorithm in practical applications.
Cognition and Behavior of AIDS Related Stigma and Discrimination among 180 Medical Care Staff

[Objective] To identify the cognition and behavior of AIDS related stigma and discrimination among medical care staff,to reveal the sufferings in seeking medical advice among people living with HIV/AIDS(PHA),and to provide props for AIDS anti-discrimination among medical care staff.[Methods] A total of 180 medical care staff in a district of Shanghai was surveyed with structured questionnaires and qualitative interviews were conducted among 50 PHA to collect relevant information.[Results] Discrimination against the PHA existed among the medical care staff,with the average stigma and discrimination score of 29.3.There were statistical differences in the level of stigma and discrimination between different occupations,positions and hospital levels(P 0.05).[Conclusion] It is urgent to strengthen the training on AIDS related laws and regulations among the medical care staff in Shanghai to reduce and eventually eliminate AIDS related stigma and discrimination.
Residual Silver Remarkably Enhances Electrocatalytic Activity and Durability of Dealloyed Gold Nanosponge Particles.

Percolation dealloying of multimetallic alloys entangles the selective dissolution of the less-noble elements with nanoscale restructuring of the more-noble components, resulting in the formation of spongelike, nanoporous architectures with a unique set of structural characteristics highly desirable for heterogeneous catalysis. Although the dealloyed nanoporous materials are compositionally dominated by the more-noble elements, they inevitably contain residual less-noble elements that cannot be completely removed through the percolation dealloying process. How to employ the less-noble elements to rationally guide the structural evolution and optimize the catalytic performances of the dealloyed noble metal nanocatalysts still remains largely unexplored. Here, we have discovered that incorporation of Ag into Au–Cu binary alloy nanoparticles substantially enhances the Cu leaching kinetics while effectively suppressing the ligament coarsening during the nanoporosity-evolving percolation dealloying of the allo...
Physics of microstructures enhancement of thin film evaporation heat transfer in microchannels flow boiling

Performance enhancement of the two-phase flow boiling heat transfer process in microchannels through implementation of surface micro- and nanostructures has gained substantial interest in recent years. However, the reported results range widely from a decline to improvements in performance depending on the test conditions and fluid properties, without a consensus on the physical mechanisms responsible for the observed behavior. This gap in knowledge stems from a lack of understanding of the physics of surface structures interactions with microscale heat and mass transfer events involved in the microchannel flow boiling process. Here, using a novel measurement technique, the heat and mass transfer process is analyzed within surface structures with unprecedented detail. The local heat flux and dryout time scale are measured as the liquid wicks through surface structures and evaporates. The physics governing heat transfer enhancement on textured surfaces is explained by a deterministic model that involves three key parameters: the drying time scale of the liquid film wicking into the surface structures (τd), the heating length scale of the liquid film (δH) and the area fraction of the evaporating liquid film (Ar). It is shown that the model accurately predicts the optimum spacing between surface structures (i.e. pillars fabricated on the microchannel wall) in boiling of two fluids FC-72 and water with fundamentally different wicking characteristics.
The Diagnostic Usefulness of Bone Marrow Cultures in Patients with Fever of Unknown Origin

Bone marrow cultures (BMCs) and blood cultures (BCs) are frequently obtained in the evaluation of fever of unknown origin (FUO). However, the low yield of clinically significant isolates leads to questions about their cost-effectiveness. We retrospectively compared BMC with BC and studied the usefulness of bone marrow trephine biopsy (BMTB) histopathology in detecting infection in an unselected population of 61 patients with FUO, among whom 215 BMCs had been performed. For patients who had undergone BMTB, the histopathology was evaluated for granulomas and microorganisms. Only 1 BMC had a clinically significant isolate, Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC), which was also identified by BC. Rhodotorula rubra was found in the BMC of another patient and classified as a contaminant. Both patients had HIV infection. No growth occurred in BCs for the other 59 patients. Culture results for all 26 BMTB specimens were negative; 4 contained nonnecrotizing granulomas, including the case with MAC. BMCs are probably not justified for routine initial evaluation of FUO, but may be valuable after culture results for blood and easily obtainable tissues have been negative. Bone marrow histopathology and special stains for microorganisms in the absence of granulomas were noncontributory.
Abstract PL01-01: The clinical and biologic effects of tobacco on cancer treatment

Smoking and tobacco use are well-established risk factors for the development of cancer as well as other adverse health conditions. Whereas substantial work has been done to elucidate cancer risks from smoking as well as biologic mechanisms of tobacco induced carcinogenesis, proportionately little work has been done to understand the clinical and biologic effects of continued tobacco use after a cancer diagnosis. Tobacco use leads to the development of tumors that are usually diagnosed at a more advanced stage. A history of tobacco use may also lead to tumors that do not respond as well to conventional cancer treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiotherapy. However, current smoking at the time of diagnosis or during cancer treatment appears to confer a worse prognosis in cancer patients by increasing cancer treatment toxicity, recurrence, risk for developing a second primary cancer, and overall mortality. The adverse effects of smoking are further noted across both tobacco related and non-tobacco related cancers. This talk will review the effects of smoking on outcomes in cancer patients and will begin to discuss how tobacco products may alter cancer biology by promoting a more aggressive tumor phenotype. Importantly, data suggest that the adverse effects of current smoking on cancer treatment outcomes may be reversible. The implications of tobacco as a potentially reversible systemic agent that can affect cancer biology and treatment will be discussed. Citation Format: Graham W. Warren. The clinical and biologic effects of tobacco on cancer treatment. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Twelfth Annual AACR International Conference on Frontiers in Cancer Prevention Research; 2013 Oct 27-30; National Harbor, MD. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Can Prev Res 2013;6(11 Suppl): Abstract nr PL01-01.
The Demise of the Ultimate Fact Rule in Indiana

" 29 Nevertheless, Indiana courts remained adamant in enforcing the opinion rule whenever a witness' testimony concerned an ultimate fact in
Christian Counseling with Homosexuals

This article presents a theological rationale and a therapeutic method for helping homosexuals change orientation through Christian counseling. Homosexuality is no longer seen as a psychological dy...
A Single-Cell Transcriptomic Atlas of Thymus Organogenesis Resolves Cell Types and Developmental Maturation

Summary Thymus development is critical to the adaptive immune system, yet a comprehensive transcriptional framework capturing thymus organogenesis at single-cell resolution is still needed. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to capture 8 days of thymus development, perturbations of T cell receptor rearrangement, and in vitro organ cultures, producing profiles of 24,279 cells. We resolved transcriptional heterogeneity of developing lymphocytes, and genetic perturbation confirmed T cell identity of conventional and non-conventional lymphocytes. We characterized maturation dynamics of thymic epithelial cells in vivo, classified cell maturation state in a thymic organ culture, and revealed the intrinsic capacity of thymic epithelium to preserve transcriptional regularity despite exposure to exogenous retinoic acid. Finally, by integrating the cell atlas with human genome-wide association study (GWAS) data and autoimmune-disease-related genes, we implicated embryonic thymus-resident cells as possible participants in autoimmune disease etiologies. This resource provides a single-cell transcriptional framework for biological discovery and molecular analysis of thymus organogenesis.
Missouri Law and the American Conscience: Historical Rights and Wrongs

Review of: "Missouri Law and the American Conscience: Historical Rights and Wrongs", edited by Kenneth H. Winn.
Neuroendocrine control of reproduction.

The gametogenic and steroidogenic functions of the ovaries and the testes are controlled by numerous humoral, paracrine and neural signals. Of paramount importance are the pituitary gonadotropins, luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and, to a lesser extent, prolactin (Prl). The biosynthesis and release of these hormones are regulated by gonadal products and by a number of hypothalamic hormones or modulatory agents. This chapter will review some of the more important mechanisms controlling the release of these hypothalamic substances. Limitations of time and space prevent an exhaustive review of all hypothalamic factors that have been shown to influence LH, FSH and Prl release in view of the fact that the number of endogenous compounds reported to have these actions probably exceeds a 100. However, the number of substances that have proven or at least strongly suspected physiological effects is much smaller.
10. THE REACH AND POSSIBILITIES OF EDUCATIONAL REFORM FOR THE RURAL POOR IN MEXICO

After Jomtien1 under the goal of providing “education for all” a great number of countries made a strong commitment to extend the benefits of education to the poorest sectors of their population. Efforts have been made in the following years to fulfill this promise. But the issues associated with understanding and addressing disadvantaged populations are multiple and complex. Moreover the strategies followed by a number of countries have been framed under structural assumptions inherently limiting and undermining the intentions of the policies that gave them origin. Seeking to understand the challenges and complexities of change in these contexts, I analyze Mexico’s assumptions framing educational policy toward the rural and indigenous poor.2 I argue that a number of initiatives may fail to fully address the needs of these populations due to the assumptions underlying these policies which end up resting agency to the poor, their children, and to their teachers and schools. After describing the theoretical framework used in this chapter and providing a brief description of Mexico’s political economy, I examine Mexico’s past and current government policies toward the poor and look at the spaces that have opened up for innovation due to growing relationships with the global economy and the global community and to relationships between Mexico’s central and local governments. I suggest that compulsory early childhood education is one obvious avenue (complementing policies such as Federalizacion and teacher education) to correct centuries of injustice and neglect. I discuss the implications of this analysis within the context of the current decentralization movement and the growing discontent among the rural poor.
Abstract 10742: The Common 4q25 Risk Variant for Atrial Fibrillation Interacts with a Variant in the G Protein, Beta Polypeptide 3 Gene (GNB3) to Modify the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS)

Background Gene-gene interactions in disease can be identified by considering interactions between common risk variants identified from genome-wide association studies and risk variants identified from linkage or candidate gene association studies. We hypothesized that the common 4q25 risk variant for atrial fibrillation (AF), rs2200733 interacts with known risk variants from linkage and association studies to modify the risk of AF. We tested our hypothesis in the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) and Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS). Methods We included 9,523 and 3,941 white participants from ARIC and CHS, respectively, who were genotyped using the IBC array-a cardiovascular gene-centric array. We analyzed 431 SNPs in 23 genes ( AGT, AGTR1, ACE, SCN5A , KCNQ1 , KCNE1 , KCNE2 , KCNE4 , KCNH2, KCNJ2 , KCNA5 , ABCC9 , GJA5 , EMD , NPPA , LMNA , GNB3 , SLN , SCN2B , NOS3 , MMP2, IL10, and PITX2 ). These genes were selected from linkage and association studies for AF. Assuming an additive model, Cox proportional hazards models including an interaction term rs2200733*SNP were used to assess SNP*SNP interaction in relation to incident AF. β coefficients of interaction terms in ARIC and CHS were meta-analyzed. Significance threshold was defined as P -4 which corresponds to Bonferroni correction of 312 tests, accounting for SNPs in linkage disequilibrium. Results During follow-up, there were 820 and 917 incident AF cases, in ARIC and CHS, respectively. We found a significant interaction between rs2200733 and rs5446 (ARIC: β=0.277, SE=0.101, P=0.006; CHS: β=0.252, SE=0.097, P=0.01; meta-analyzed P =1.6x10 -4 ). The presence of minor alleles for both rs2200733 and rs5446 increases the risk of AF beyond that is expected from the product of the main effects (Table 1A & 1B). Conclusions The common AF risk variant, rs2200733 may interact with rs5446 in G protein, beta polypeptide 3 gene ( GNB3) to modify the risk of AF. These findings will need to be replicated in other cohorts.
Marketing Health Care: Ethical Challenge to Physicians

Physicians and the public are becoming uneasy, if not hostile, toward the idea of health care marketing [1, 2, 5, 7, 12, 24, 37]. Yet virtually everyone agrees that certain aspects of managing the practice of medicine and the other health professions belong to the realm of business -that health and medical care share certain similarities with other services and goods that are provided in an open market economy in which expenditures are determined by the product of cost and volume.
Familial Cancer and Prophylactic Surgery

Familial ovarian cancers account for approximately 10% of all ovarian cancers. The vast majority of familial ovarian cancer arises in the setting of well-defined genetic syndromes such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, Lynch syndrome, and Peutz–Jeghers syndrome. BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers may undergo risk-reducing salpingo-oophorectomy (RRSO). This chapter explains the criteria for RRSO, informs the reader about the examination and classification of specimens obtained from RRSO, including serous tubal intraepithelial lesion and p53 signature lesion, and describes the management and outcome of patients following RRSO.
Design for testability

This paper presents an implemented system for modifying digital circuit designs to enhance testability. The key contributions of the work are: (1) setting design for testability in the context of test generation, (2) using failures during test generation to focus on testability problems, (3) indexing from these failures to a set of suggested circuit modifications. This approach does not add testability features to the portions of the circuit that a test generator can already handle, therefore, it promises to reduce the area and performance overhead necessary to achieve testability. While the system currently has only a small body of domain knowledge, it has demonstrated its ability to integrate different DFT techniques and to introduce only sharply focused modifications on a textbook microprocessor, an ability that is missing in previous DFT systems.
Real-Time Inference of User Types to Assist with more Inclusive and Diverse Social Media Activism Campaigns

Social media provides a mechanism for people to engage with social causes across a range of issues. It also provides a strategic tool to those looking to advance a cause to exchange, promote or publicize their ideas. In such instances, AI can be either an asset if used appropriately or a barrier. One of the key issues for a workforce diversity campaign is to understand in real-time who is participating - specifically, whether the participants are individuals or organizations, and in case of individuals, whether they are male or female. In this paper, we present a study to demonstrate a case for AI for social good that develops a model to infer in real-time the different user types participating in a cause-driven hashtag campaign on Twitter, ILookLikeAnEngineer (ILLAE). A generic framework is devised to classify a Twitter user into three classes: organization, male and female in a real-time manner. The framework is tested against two datasets (ILLAE and a general dataset) and outperforms the baseline binary classifiers for categorizing organization/individual and male/female. The proposed model can be applied to future social cause-driven campaigns to get real-time insights on the macro-level social behavior of participants.
Did Medicare Part D reduce socioeconomic disparities in mortality? An analysis of breast cancer patients.

e17602 Background: A major goal of the Medicare Part D program was to enhance access to oral medications thereby reducing medication cost-related disparities in health outcomes. We examined whether...
Impact of an advanced practice provider-directed plagiocephaly clinic for neurosurgical practices.

OBJECTIVE In recent years, the Weill Cornell neurosurgical team noticed an increase in referrals for plagiocephaly, likely due to increased infant back-sleeping and awareness. A plagiocephaly clinic staffed by a nurse practitioner and a physician assistant was established in 2016 to meet this demand, and to decrease the nonsurgical case burden on neurosurgeons. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of a clinic directed by advanced nonphysician practice providers (NPPs) on parental satisfaction and nonsurgical work hours for staff neurosurgeons. METHODS Over a 1.5-year period (from January 1, 2016, to June 20, 2017), Likert scale–based surveys were administered to parents before and after their child’s visit to the NPP-staffed clinic. Clinic hours were tracked to assess impact on the neurosurgeon’s workload. RESULTS All 185 patients seen in the plagiocephaly clinic over the 1.5-year period completed pre- and postvisit surveys. Parents all reported a significant reduction in their level of concern for their child’s diagnosis after the evaluation, and 95.5% were “very likely” to recommend the clinic. All parents felt that there was an increase in their knowledge base after an appointment with an NPP. Additionally, over 1 year in the study, 170 visits to the NPP plagiocephaly clinic were recorded, resulting in 85 hours that neurosurgeons normally would have spent in the clinic that they now were able to spend in the operating room. CONCLUSIONS This research provides evidence that an NPP-directed clinic can positively impact parental satisfaction and decrease nonsurgical case burden on neurosurgeons.
Restorative narrative as contextual journalistic reporting

Restorative narrative, a recently termed contextual news form, reports on the responses of communities and individuals in the wake of traumatic events or systemic dysfunction. Through textual analy...
Immunity to Respiratory Infection Is Reinforced Through Early Proliferation of Lymphoid TRM Cells and Prompt Arrival of Effector CD8 T Cells in the Lungs.

Cross-protection between serologically distinct strains of influenza A virus (IAV) is mediated by memory CD8 T cells that recognize epitopes from conserved viral proteins. Early viral control begins with activation of tissue-resident memory CD8 T cells (TRM) cells at the site of viral replication. These CD8 T cells do not act in isolation, as protection against disseminated infection is reinforced by multiple waves of effector cells (TEFF) that enter the lungs with different kinetics. To define how a protective CTL response evolves, we compared the functional properties of antiviral CD8 T cells in the respiratory tract and local lymphoid tissues. When analyzed 30 dpi, large numbers of antiviral CD8 T cells in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes (MLNs) expressed canonical markers of TRM cells (CD69 and/or CD103). The check point inhibitor PD-1 was also highly expressed on NP-specific CD8 T cells in the lungs, while the ratios of CD8 T cells expressing CD69 and CD103 varied according to antigen specificity. We next used in vitro experiments to identify conditions that induce a canonical TRM phenotype and found that that naive and newly activated CD8 T cells maintain CD103 expression during culture with transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ), while central memory CD8 T cells (TCM) do not express CD103 under similar conditions. In vivo experiments showed that the distribution of antiviral CTLs in the MLN changed when immune mice were treated with reagents that block interactions with PD-L1. Importantly, the lymphoid TRM cells were poised for early proliferation upon reinfection with a different strain of IAV and defenses in the lungs were augmented by a transient increase in numbers of TEFF cells at the site of infection. As the interval between infections increased, lymphoid TRM cells were replaced with TCM cells which proliferated with delayed kinetics and contributed to an exaggerated inflammatory response in the lungs.
Campus Sexual Assault Policies: A Feminist Policy Analysis Framework:

The purpose of this study is to conduct a feminist-based policy analysis to examine the role of power in campus sexual assault policies. This research investigated the role of power in campus polic...
Muscle Tension Dysphonia and Puberphonia

The voice has a significant role in oral communication and is important as an expression of our health, emotion, gender, and age. It forms part of one’s individual identity and personality. In children, this organ is developing in physical structure along with the rest of the speech mechanism. At the same time, the neurocognitive, behavioral growth and maturation of the child occurs. The larynx has highly developed neural connections, so it is not surprising that the voice is sensitive to neural input and control. This includes input derived from emotional centers in the brain. The larynx has been labeled “the valve of emotion” (Roy et al. J Voice 11:443–1, 1997). It is highly responsive to emotional state and stress at all ages.
Exploring the Differential Roles of Environmental and Social Sustainability in Carrier Selection Decisions

Abstract Growing interest surrounds how sustainable practices can be incorporated into a company's supply base. A growing stream of research has examined how companies can incorporate “green” criteria into their supplier selection decisions. This research focuses on a specialized supplier selection decision: transportation carriers. Trucking companies in particular are under pressure to reduce their environmental footprint and improve working conditions for their drivers. As such, the purpose of this research is to explore how carriers' environmental and social sustainability performance influence shippers' selection decisions and trust perceptions. Two scenario-based experiments were conducted to understand whether shippers incorporate the environmental and social sustainability performance of carriers into the selection decision. The carrier selection decision was characterized by a long-term arrangement in study one and a short-term arrangement in study two, and both studies controlled for the economic dimension so that the distinct effects of the social and environmental dimensions could be isolated. The results find that environmental and social dimensions of sustainability play differential roles in short-term and long-term carrier selection decisions, with environmental dimensions playing a more significant role in long-term selection decisions and social dimensions playing a more significant role in short-term selection decisions. The findings offer a more nuanced theoretical understanding of sustainable carrier selection decisions and practical guidance for practitioners and policymakers.
Optimized RNA-targeting CRISPR/Cas13d technology outperforms shRNA in identifying essential circRNAs

Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are widely expressed, but their functions remain largely unknown. To study circRNAs in a high-throughput manner, short hairpin RNA (shRNA) screens have recently been used to deplete circRNAs by targeting their unique back-splicing junction (BSJ) sites. Here, we report frequent discrepancies between shRNA-mediated circRNA knockdown efficiency and the corresponding biological effect, raising pressing concerns about the robustness of shRNA screening for functional circRNAs. To address this issue, we leveraged the CRISPR/Cas13d system for circRNAs functional screenings. We optimized a strategy for designing single guide RNAs to deplete circRNAs. We then performed shRNA and CRISPR/Cas13d parallel screenings and demonstrated that shRNA-mediated circRNAs screening yielded a high rate of false positives phenotypes, while optimized CRISPR/Cas13d led to the identification of bona-fide functional circRNAs. Collectively, we developed a specific and reliable approach to functionalize circRNAs in a high-throughput manner.
Engineering a virus-like particle to display peptide insertions using an apparent fitness landscape

Peptide insertions in the primary sequence of proteins expand functionality by introducing new binding sequences, chemical handles, or membrane disrupting motifs. With these properties, proteins can be engineered as scaffolds for vaccines or targeted drug delivery vehicles. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are promising platforms for these applications since they are genetically simple, mimic viral structure for cell uptake, and can deliver multiple copies of a therapeutic agent to a given cell. Peptide insertions in the coat protein of VLPs can increase VLP uptake in cells by increasing cell binding, but it is difficult to predict how an insertion affects monomer folding and higher order assembly. To this end, we have engineered the MS2 VLP using a high-throughput technique, called Systematic Mutagenesis and Assembled Particle Selection (SyMAPS). In this work, we applied SyMAPS to investigate a highly mutable loop in the MS2 coat protein to display 9,261 non-native tripeptide insertions. This library generates a discrete map of three amino acid insertions permitted at this location, validates the FG loop as a valuable position for peptide insertion, and illuminates how properties such as charge, flexibility, and hydrogen bonding can interact to preserve or disrupt capsid assembly. Taken together, the results highlight the potential to engineer VLPs in systematic manner, paving the way to exploring the applications of peptide insertions in biomedically relevant settings.
Learning beyond the classroom: engaging students in information literacy through co-curricular activities: Silvia Vong and Manda Vrkljan (Eds.). Chicago, IL: Association of College and Research Libraries, 2020, xiv + 189 pp., $42.00, ISBN 978-0-8389-4774-6

Learning Beyond the Classroom asks academic librarians to help students engage with information literacy (IL) concepts in ways that go beyond their academic studies, extending IL into co-curricular...
Associations among sensory hyperresponsiveness, restricted and repetitive behaviors, and anxiety in autism: An integrated systematic review

Abstract Background Autistic individuals exhibit core and co-occurring features that can be disabling to daily functioning and impede quality of life. The combined expression of three closely related features: sensory hyperresponsiveness, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, and anxiety, may be a sign to practitioners that experiences in the environment are particularly challenging. These are investigated through many approaches, including animal modelling, neurological or physiological measures, behavioral observation, and first-hand accounts. However, little work has been done to review evidence across approaches to better understand their expression. Method This study was an integrated systematic review to identify factors that contribute to the collective expression of three constructs of interests (COIs; hyperresponsiveness, restricted interests and repetitive behaviors, and anxiety). Twenty-two articles were analyzed for both structural and thematic patterns. This review is unique in its inclusion of articles from a variety of disciplines and grouping of studies based on similarities over methodological techniques (i.e. quantitative, qualitative, or mixed methods). Results Three overall structural approaches relating the constructs of interest were identified (parallel, relational, and contingent). Three overarching themes also emerged: 1) the broader social context, 2) predictability of environmental factors, and 3) overlap with cognitive and behavioral coping strategies. Conclusions Results highlight clinically relevant information about the combined expression of the three COIs and demonstrate possibilities for increased collaboration across disciplines through common themes and study structures to further understand the experiences of autistic people.
Spatializing the Municipal Bond Market: Urban Resilience under Racial Capitalism

Majority-Black cities in North America are not often described in the academic literature as such. Racial capitalism is a restorative approach that puts majority-Black cities in the Global North in...
Plug-and-Play video reconstruction using sparse 3D transform-domain block matching

In this paper, we propose a novel video reconstruction methodology built based on a generalization of alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) named Plug-and-Play. The motivation of the proposed technique is the improvement in visual quality performance of the video frames and decreasing the reconstruction error in comparison with the former video reconstruction methods. The proposed algorithm is an end-to-end embedding tool to integrate video reconstruction techniques with denoiser methods. Correspondingly, we use compressive sensing (CS)-based Gaussian mixture models (GMM) as a sub-problem regarding the proposed framework which is used as a method to model spatiotemporal video patches for video reconstruction. On the other hand, sparse 3D transform-domain block matching is applied as the denoiser of the proposed methodology to remove the remaining artifacts and noise in the reconstructed video frames. Consequently, by considering both online and offline CS-based GMM frameworks, we are able to make two forms of GMM-based embedding video reconstruction algorithms. The outcome has been compared with the result of CS-based GMM algorithm, GAP, TwIST and KSVD-OMP on the same datasets considering PSNR, SSIM, VSNR, WSNR, NQM, UQI, VIF and IFC as the evaluation metrics. It has been experimentally proved that the proposed online and offline GMM-based Plug-and-Play algorithms have more suitable results in comparison with their conventional CS-based online and offline GMM counterparts as well as other state-of-the-art techniques. The general quantitative results (considering all the datasets) for online proposed method regarding PSNR and SSIM metrics are 29.84 and 0.891, respectively, which is higher than the results of other techniques.
Recurrent Wnt medulloblastoma treated with marrow-ablative chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell rescue: a dual case report and review of the literature

Wnt-activated medulloblastoma (MB) confers an excellent prognosis. However, specific treatment strategies for patients with relapsed Wnt-MB are unknown. We report two patients with recurrent beta-catenin nucleopositive Wnt-MB successfully treated by incorporating marrow-ablative chemotherapy and autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell rescue (HDCx/AuHPCR). We also present a review of the literature for previously reported cases of relapsed Wnt-MB. We propose that patients with recurrent Wnt-MB may be treated using a multi-disciplinary approach that includes HDCx/AuHPCR with or without re-irradiation.
Imposter Syndrome Among First- and Continuing-Generation College Students: The Roles of Perfectionism and Stress:

More research is needed to understand the relationships between imposter syndrome, perfection, and stress, as well as how they might be similar or different among first- and continuing-generation c...
Long-term alcohol drinking in High Drinking in the Dark mice is stable for many months and does not show alcohol deprivation effects.

We have modelled genetic risk for binge-like drinking by selectively breeding High Drinking in the Dark-1 and -2 (HDID-1 and HDID-2) mice for their propensity to reach intoxicating blood alcohol levels (BALs) after binge-like drinking in a single bottle, limited access paradigm. Interestingly, in standard two-bottle choice (2BC) tests for continuously available alcohol versus water, HDID mice show modest levels of preference. This indicates some degree of independence of the genetic contributions to risk for binge-like and sustained, continuous access drinking. We had few data where the drinking in the dark (DID) tests of binge-like drinking had been repeatedly performed, so we serially offered multiple DID tests to see whether binge-like drinking escalated. It did not. We also asked whether HDID mice would escalate their voluntary intake with prolonged exposure to alcohol 2BC. They did not. Lastly, we assessed whether an alcohol deprivation effect (ADE) developed. ADE is a temporary elevation in drinking typically observed after a period of abstinence from sustained access to alcohol choice. With repetition, these periods of ADE sometimes have led to more sustained elevations in drinking. We therefore asked whether repeated ADE episodes would elevate choice drinking in HDID mice. They did not. After nearly 500 days of alcohol access, the intake of HDID mice remained stable. We conclude that a genetically-enhanced high risk for binge-like drinking is not sufficient to yield alterations in long-term alcohol intake.
Surgical delays of less than 1 year in Mohs surgery associated with tumor growth in moderately- and poorly-differentiated squamous cell carcinomas but not lower-grade squamous cell carcinomas or basal cell carcinomas: A retrospective analysis.

Background Evidence is controversial and limited concerning whether surgical delays are associated with tumor growth for cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) and basal cell carcinomas. Objective Identify tumor subpopulations that may demonstrate an association between tumor growth and surgical delay. Methods We retrospectively analyzed 299 SCCs and 802 basal cell carcinomas treated with Mohs surgery at a single institution. Time interval from biopsy to surgery represented surgical delay. Change in major diameter (ΔMD) from size at biopsy to postoperative defect represented tumor growth. Independent predictors of ΔMD were identified by multivariate analysis. Linear regression was then utilized to assess for whether the ΔMD from these independent predictors trended with surgical delay. Results Surgical delays ranged from 0 to 331 days. Among SCCs, histologic subtype and prior treatment were identified as independent predictors of ΔMD. Significant associations between ΔMD and surgical delay were found for poorly- and moderately-differentiated SCCs, demonstrating growth rates of 0.28 cm and 0.24 cm per month of delay, respectively. The ΔMD for SCCs with prior treatment and basal cell carcinoma subgroups did not vary with surgical delay. Limitations Retrospective design, single center. Conclusion Surgical delays of less than a year were associated with tumor growth for higher-grade SCCs, with effect sizes bearing potential for clinical significance.
762 STING agonism combined with arginase, NOS2, and PTGES/COX2 inhibitors for improved anti-tumor immunotherapeutic benefit

Background Tertiary lymphoid structures (TLS) are non-encapsulated immune cell aggregates that form at sites of chronic inflammation. Recent studies have shown that the presence of TLS in human tumors predicts extended survival and superior response to interventional immunotherapy. Our lab has recently demonstrated that treating mice bearing established tumors with agonists of STING, a cytosolic dsDNA sensor, leads to an inhibition in tumor growth in association with tumor vascular normalization, immune cell recruitment, and local formation of non-classical TLS within the tumor microenvironment. However, STING agonism also results in the upregulated expression of compensatory immune regulatory molecules, including ARG2 and enzymes involved in the production of immunosuppressive prostaglandins (i.e. PTGES and PTGS2/COX2), yielding an overall sub-optimal therapeutic paradigm. We are currently determining if combined treatment with STING agonists along with pharmacologic inhibitors of ARG2, NOS2 and/or PTGES/COX2 results in improved control of tumor growth, increased formation of TLS, and more robust anti-tumor immune responses in vivo in murine melanoma models. Methods Melanoma tumor-bearing C57Bl/6 were treated with pharmacologic inhibitors of ARG2 or PTGES/COX2 i.p. in combination with STING agonist treatment i.t. Mice were monitored for tumor survival and growth. Tumors were also collected from mice at various timepoints post-treatment to evaluate the immune cell infiltration by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence microscopy (IFM). Tumor sections were also evaluated for TLS formation by IFM. Results Treatment of mice systemically with inhibitors of ARG2, NOS2, and COX2/PTGES leads to changes in the immune composition of the tumor, including increases in effector immune cells and decreases in suppressive/regulatory immune cells. Combined treatment of melanoma-bearing mice with STING agonist ADU-S100 along with immune regulatory inhibitors (ARGi, NOSi, Celecoxib) slows tumor growth vs. individual monotherapies and is expected to extend overall survival. Conclusions Combination of STING agonism with inhibitors of various immune regulatory molecules (ARG2, COX2) has the potential to improve the anti-tumor benefits of STING agonism alone.
Characterizing gravitational-wave sources with likelihood reweighting

Sylvia Biscoveanu explains how likelihood reweighting can help estimate the parameters of complex models at a fraction of the computational cost of traditional methods, empowering the analysis of gravitational-wave data.
Moving target D* Lite

Incremental search algorithms, such as Generalized Fringe-Retrieving A* and D* Lite, reuse search trees from previous searches to speed up the current search and thus often find cost-minimal paths for series of similar search problems faster than by solving each search problem from scratch. However, existing incremental search algorithms have limitations. For example, D* Lite is slow on moving target search problems, where both the start and goal states can change over time. In this paper, we therefore introduce Moving Target D* Lite, an extension of D* Lite that uses the principle behind Generalized Fringe-Retrieving A* to repeatedly calculate a cost-minimal path from the hunter to the target in environments whose blockages can change over time. We demonstrate experimentally that Moving Target D* Lite is four to five times faster than Generalized Adaptive A*, which so far was believed to be the fastest incremental search algorithm for solving moving target search problems in dynamic environments.
A hybrid approach to low-voltage MEMS switches

We have fabricated a hybrid MEMS switch that has improved mechanical performance over that of the traditional electrostatic switch. The hybrid switch uses the Lorentz force for actuation and electrostatics for the holding force. A short current pulse is passed along the suspension in the presence of a permanent magnetic field, thereby creating a lateral displacement. The displacement moves the micro-relay into contact and reduces the gap of the hold capacitors. Voltages as low as 1 V can be used to drive and hold the switch shut, without compromising contact force, hold force, restoring force, or response time. Additionally, the bi-directional nature of the Lorentz force allows for an active open of switches to counter contact adhesion. This approach offers additional design space for enhanced switch performance without compromising many of the desired qualities of a MEMS switch.
Structured workflow management with Lotus Notes Release 4

In this paper we describe the design and implementation of workflow management applications on top of Notes Release 4. We elaborate on various design issues for Notes workflow applications and introduce Notes Release 4's native workflow concepts like agents, events, macros, Lotus-Script, OLE2 capabilities, and doclinks, which make Notes a powerful workflow tool. The idea of the paper is the use of the Workflow Reference Model of the Workflow Management Coalition to define structured workflows, and execute these workflows through the exploitation of Notes Release 4's native workflow concepts.
Many boson realizations of universal nonlinear W ∞ -algebras, modified KP hierarchies, and graded lie algebras

An infinite number of free field realizations of the universal nonlinearŴ∞(N) (Ŵ1+∞(N)) algebras, which are identical to the KP Hamiltonian structures, are obtained in terms ofp plusq scalars of different signatures withp −q =N. They are generalizations of the Miura transformation, and naturally give rise to the modified KP hierarchies via corresponding realizations of the latter. Their characteristic Liealgebraic origin is shown to be the graded SL(p, q).
Oxidation of a thiamine-like molecule by dimethyl sulfoxide

Abstract Under anaerobic conditions, 3-benzyl-4-methylthiazolium bromide is oxidized by dimethyl sulfoxide to yield a trace of 3-benzyl-4-methyl-4-thiazolin-2-one. Alternative mechanisms for the reaction have been proposed, including one involving carbene.
Independent and Interchangeable Multimerization Domains of the AbrB, Abh, and SpoVT Global Regulatory Proteins

The global regulators AbrB, Abh, and SpoVT are paralogous proteins showing their most extensive sequence homologies in the DNA-binding amino-terminal regions (about 50 residues). The carboxyl-terminal portion of AbrB has been hypothesized to be a multimerization domain with little if any role in DNA-binding recognition or specificity. To investigate the multimerization potentials of the carboxyl-terminal portions of AbrB, Abh, and SpoVT we utilized an in vivo multimerization assay system based upon fusion of the domains to the DNA binding domain of the λ cI repressor protein. The results indicate that the N and C domains of all three paralogues are independent dimerization modules and that the intact Abh and SpoVT proteins are most probably tetramers. Chimeric proteins consisting of the AbrB N-terminal DNA-binding domain fused to the C domain of either Abh or SpoVT are indistinguishable from wild-type AbrB in their ability to regulate an AbrB target promoter in vivo.
Cognates and the Minimum Standard German Vocabulary

Author's Summary— Listing of the less obvious cousins of the “first thousand” words to encourage stress on cognates in courses for beginners.
Oltipraz, 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione, and sulforaphane induce overlapping and protective antioxidant responses in murine microglial cells

Abstract Oltipraz (OPZ) is a known inducer of glutathione S-transferases and a mechanism-based inhibitor of cytochrome P450 1A2. Given the detoxification characteristics of this compound, the transcriptional effects of OPZ, along with the related naturally occurring compounds 3H-1,2-dithiole-3-thione (D3T) and sulforaphane (SF), were examined by gene expression profiling in murine BV-2 microglial cells, a neuronal macrophage cell type that mediates inflammatory responses in the brain. We show that the three compounds generate largely overlapping transcriptional changes in genes that are associated with detoxification and antioxidant responses. In addition, induction of an antioxidant/detoxification response in the microglial cells by OPZ, D3T, or SF was also able to protect cells from H2O2-induced toxicity and to attenuate the production of reactive oxygen species in response to lipopolysaccharide treatment of cells. These results show that OPZ, D3T, and SF activate overlapping changes in gene expression and that they can regulate detoxification/antioxidant responses in multiple cells types, including cell types known to have a role in the production of oxidative stress.
Shock tube investigation of ignition in methaneoxygennitrogen dioxideargon mixtures

Abstract The ignition of CH 4 O 2 NO 2 mixtures highly diluted with Ar was examined in the region behind a reflected shock wave in a single pulse shock-tube. The measurements covered temperatures of 1200 to 1800°K, pressures of 3 to 20 atm, total gas concentrations of 3.3 − 4.5 × 10 −5 mol/cc and fuel-oxidizer mixture equivalence ratios of 0.38–1.60. The induction times ranged from 13 to 580 μsec for a maximum dwell time of about 700 μsec. When this system was compared to a CH 4 O 2 Ar system, it was found that NO 2 addition shortens the induction time. The ignition temperature was also lowered by about 200°C by the addition of NO 2 . The dependence of induction time on concentration for an oxidizer ratio range of 25–75% NO 2 is correlated by the relationship: τ6.45 × 10 −15 exp (28700/ RT ) [ CH 4 ] −0.32 [ O 2 ] −0.20 [ NO ] −1.30 [ Ar ] +1.00 sec A product analysis showed that during preignition methane decreases substantially when NO 2 is present and much larger quantities of CO are formed than when no NO 2 is involved. It was also found that a mixture of CH 4 NO 2 Ar produced pressure and temperature oscillations. It is suggested that an important step when NO 2 is present is its decomposition to produce NO and O. The reaction between CH 4 and O becomes an important contributor to chain branching. Other aspects of the mechanism are discussed qualitatively.