cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of difficult airway in pediatric patients with right ventricular outflow tract obstruction

We present two cases of difficult airway management for patients with Pierre Robin syndrome and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction in infants. To prevent the exacerbation of right ventricular outflow tract obstruction, adequate oxygenation and ventilation are mandatory in this population. This rule needs to be followed even while dealing with a difficult airway. Depending on the prediction of mask ventilation capability, we took two different approaches to difficult airway. In the first case, we fiberoptically intubated the patient while allowing him to breathe spontaneously with the aid of a nasopharyngeal airway under deep sedation. In the second case, we fiberoptically intubated the patient through a laryngeal mask airway while controlling ventilation. Through both cases, we highlight options of difficult airway management in the pediatric population. Although we can approach a difficult airway with or without spontaneous breathing, the important point is how we will prepare the methods to oxygenate and ventilate patients throughout the procedure. Patients with difficult airway and right ventricular outflow tract obstruction are good examples to make us realize this point.
Active Cation Transport and Ouabain Binding in High Potassium and Low Potassium Red Blood Cells of Sheep

Red cells from high K sheep contained 82 mM K/liter cells and had a pump flux of 0.86 mM K/liter cells x hr; similarly, LK cells had 16.5 mM K/liter cells and a pump flux of 0.12 mM K/liter cells x hr. Using [(3)H]-ouabain, the relation between the number of ouabain molecules bound per cell and the concomitant per cent inhibition of the pump was found to be approximately linear for both HK and LK cells. The number of glycoside molecules necessary for 100 % inhibition of the pump was 42 for HK cells and 7.6 for LK cells, after correction for six nonspecific binding sites for each type of cell. The ratio of ouabain molecules/cell at 100 % inhibition was 5.5, HK to LK, and the ratio of the normal K pump fluxes was 7.2, HK to LK. The similarity of these ratios suggests that an important difference between HK and LK cells, determining the difference in pump fluxes, is the number of pump sites. The turnover times (ions/site x min) are 6000 and 4800 for HK and LK cells, respectively. The results also indicate a high specificity of binding of ouabain to pump sites.
Studies of Small Bowel Adaptation After Intestinal Resection in the Rat

Fasting rats were killed 5 to 6 weeks after a 50-cm resection of either proximal or distal small bowel or sham operation. Remaining intestinal segments appeared increased in both thickness and diameter. The mean villous height was greater in proximal and distal bowel remnants of resected animals than in comparable segments of sham animals of the same age and weight. The number of epithelial cells per μ of villous surface increased in proximal and distal villi. Lactase, sucrase, and maltase activities were significantly lower in homogenates of both whole mucosa and isolated villous epithelial cells collected from proximal remnants. With the exception of sucrase, disaccharidase activity was also significantly lower in whole mucosa and isolated epithelial cells collected from distal remnants. Isolated epithelial cells collected from proximal and distal remnants were incubated with C14-labeled glucose and C14-labeled leucine. The ratios of glucose or leucine counts per min per ml of cell water to counts per min per ml of incubation medium indicated active transport and were equal to ratios obtained from cells collected from control segments. However, when uptake of glucose and leucine was determined as a function of the number of cells, the net transport of both substrates was reduced in cells collected from the distal remnant. Glucose transport in everted gut sacs prepared from proximal remnants was significantly less than control segments. In the early steady state after small bowel resection, the remaining segment shows hyperplasia with an increase in the number of epithelial cells lining the villous surface. These presumably less mature and smaller cells have diminished disaccharidase and transport activity.
Vietnam. Treacherous subjects: Gender, culture, and trans-Vietnamese feminism . By Lan P. Duong. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2012. Pp. 243. Illustrations.

Treacherous subjects: Gender, culture, and trans-Vietnamese feminism By CAN P. DUONG Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 2012. Pp. 243. Illustrations. doi: 10.1017/S0022463413000519 In Treacherous subjects, Lan Duong does what most Asian Americanists studiously avoid, that is, she engages in sharp criticism of nationalism in so-called 'homeland' and community politics. Her ambitious new book provides a courageous and much-needed gender analysis of Vietnamese, Vietnamese-American and French-Vietnamese literature and film, hopefully paving the way for new scholarship that looks across national borders. This approach should prove particularly fruitful in analysing Vietnamese and Vietnamese diasporic cultural productions. Not only does it disrupt the borders placed by the institutionalisation of Asian Studies and Asian American Studies and the ideological divide between Vietnam and refugee communities abroad, it also reveals the impact of the legacy of colonisation and American imperialism on women and the stories they produce. Such complex comparative examination creates new ways of conceptualising Vietnamese and Vietnamese diasporic identities. The tensions created by having to side with one ideology or the decision to stay or leave Vietnam continues to haunt Vietnamese and those living in the diaspora. Lan Duong begins the book with a personal story to indicate her positionality. Her father was labelled a collaborator of 'Vietnam's colonial and Cold War enemies' by the Vietnamese because he left Vietnam as a refugee in 1975, while her mother was considered loyal because she stayed behind. Both suffered tremendous loss as the family was separated. The themes of loyalty and 'treason' are most relevant to Vietnamese and refugee Vietnamese in the diaspora. Trust or the inability to trust still pervades family and community dynamics as Duong argues, collective anxiety surrounds the impossibility or inability to remain faithful to one ideology or commitment, as historical and traumatic events unfold. These anxieties, she firmly shows, are overwhelmingly projected onto the bodies of women. Accusations of treason do not reflect reality, but point instead she says to the perceived interest in strengthening alliances for the purpose of nation or community building. In this book, Lan Duong specifically examines the impact of what she calls 'the trauma of betrayal' marking Vietnamese and Vietnamese diasporic subjectivities. Although these are characterised by divided loyalties and shifting alliances, she carefully points out that these are 'not fixed and tend to fluctuate with economic and political relations between countries. Duong uncovers double meanings in collaborative postwar Vietnamese and Vietnamese diasporic literary and filmic representations, most interestingly in cultural works around the theme of treasonous collaboration. …
Neuroticism and Interpersonal Negativity: The Independent Contributions of Perceptions and Behaviors

Why are neurotic intimates likely to have troubled relationships? Do they create greater negativity through their own negative behavior, or do they perceive greater negativity through processes of perceptual construal? The current research addressed this question through a study of newlyweds. Spouses reported their neuroticism and their expectancies for two upcoming problem-solving discussions with their partners, then participated in those discussions, and finally reported their perceptions of how their partners behaved during the discussions. Objective observations revealed that the partners of more neurotic spouses behaved more negatively than the partners of less neurotic spouses. For wives, their own behavior mediated these effects. In addition, once the objective quality of partners' behavior was controlled, more neurotic spouses also reported more negative perceptions of those partners' behavior. For husbands, their own expectancies mediated these effects. That personality uniquely affects relationships through behavioral and perceptual processes suggests that those processes should be studied independently.
Anger Experience and Expression Among Male Dating Violence Perpetrators During Anger Arousal

The relationship between dating violence and anger experience and expression were investigatedin samples of 17 men who reported at least one incident of physical aggression toward afemale dating partner (DV) and of 16 men who reported a nonviolent interaction history (NV).Participants completed the State-Trait Anger Expression Inventory (STAXI) and performed thearticulated thoughts during simulated situations (ATSS) paradigm while listening to anger-arousingaudiotapes. Participants' thought articulations were coded for anger-related affect,other negative emotions, and aggressive verbalizations. Results indicated that relative to NVmen, DV men scored significantly higher on STAXI Trait Anger, Anger In, and Anger Out scalesand lower on STAXI Anger Control. DV men articulated more aggressive verbalizations duringATSS anger arousal than did NV men. However, the groups did not differ on the number of angryverbalizations. The findings are interpreted in the context of social learning theories of partnerviolence.
What information is necessary for speech categorization? Harnessing variability in the speech signal by integrating cues computed relative to expectations

Most theories of categorization emphasize how continuous perceptual information is mapped to categories. However, equally important are the informational assumptions of a model, the type of information subserving this mapping. This is crucial in speech perception where the signal is variable and context dependent. This study assessed the informational assumptions of several models of speech categorization, in particular, the number of cues that are the basis of categorization and whether these cues represent the input veridically or have undergone compensation. We collected a corpus of 2,880 fricative productions (Jongman, Wayland, & Wong, 2000) spanning many talker and vowel contexts and measured 24 cues for each. A subset was also presented to listeners in an 8AFC phoneme categorization task. We then trained a common classification model based on logistic regression to categorize the fricative from the cue values and manipulated the information in the training set to contrast (a) models based on a small number of invariant cues, (b) models using all cues without compensation, and (c) models in which cues underwent compensation for contextual factors. Compensation was modeled by computing cues relative to expectations (C-CuRE), a new approach to compensation that preserves fine-grained detail in the signal. Only the compensation model achieved a similar accuracy to listeners and showed the same effects of context. Thus, even simple categorization metrics can overcome the variability in speech when sufficient information is available and compensation schemes like C-CuRE are employed.
Mindfulness of the kindness of others: The contemplative practice of Naikan in cultural context

Mindfulness in the Buddhist tradition involves a variety of practices, and contemporary secular forms of mindfulness practices, therapies, and interventions can similarly be broadened to include more of these forms. The Japanese practice of Naikan takes one mindfulness practice from the Buddhist tradition--that of recollecting the kindness of others--and asks clients to engage in this practice for 1 solid week, 15 hours per day. Difficult interpersonal relationships and a perceived lack of social support are chief sources of stress, and Japanese selfhood in particular has been described as interdependent and highly social in nature. It is unsurprising therefore that Japanese would be drawn to relational forms of practice like Naikan, and that they would find particular benefit from such practices. Recent ethnographic and survey work I have conducted at 2 Naikan centers suggests that Naikan significantly improves positive mental health, perceived connection with others, and perceived meaning in life, even up to 6 months later, thereby potentially undercutting factors contributing to depression and suicide. Naikan practice is not entirely limited to Japan, however, and its use in Europe and North America prompts us to ask about the culturally specific and universal aspects of mindfulness practices, and how we may construct mindfulness interventions that are best suited for addressing the mental health problems that face our communities.
A Plethora of GTPases, Large and Small

It has become apparent recently that a variety of small GTPases (small GTP-binding proteins or smgs), related to the oncogene ras , are involved in many cellular functions, especiall
MAPMT H7546B Anode Current Response Study for an ILC SiD Muon System Prototype

The proposed silicon detector concept for the international linear collider has a barrel and end cap muon systems. The scintillator based muon system prototype has 256 scintillating strips, wavelength-shifting fibers, and clear fibers connected to multianode photo multiplier tubes (MAPMT). Six Hamamatsu H7546B tubes were used. To understand strip output, each of 384 MAPMT outputs was independently measured at a given luminous flux and the same photocathode to anode voltage of 800 V. For the test, a custom made source of light was used. The anode currents have a wide spread; for all tubes the maximum value is 5.23 times larger than the minimum value. The MAPMT cross talk was measured for one of the central inputs. The maximum cross talk value is about 4.9%. The average cross talk for the nearest four neighboring channels is 3.9%, for the farther four 1%. To assure reproducibility and repeatability of the measurements a double reference method was used.
Responses of the wetland grass, Beckmannia syzigachne, to salinity and soil wetness: Consequences for wetland reclamation in the oil sands area of Alberta, Canada

Abstract Reclamation of the boreal landscape, including both wetlands and uplands integrated into complex watersheds, has presented a challenge over the past decade with few attempts. Relevant today is wetland/peatland reclamation on reclaimed landscapes positioned on saline sand deposits left on ‘in-pits’ from open pit oil sands mining. Part of the reclamation challenge lies in choosing characteristic species that are tolerant of conditions present on the reclaimed landscape. Species need to both survive harsh environmental conditions and facilitate succession from mineral-based wetlands (marshes) to peat-based ones (fens). A two-by-six factorial experiment was implemented in a greenhouse under two moisture levels: saturation to 2.5 cm below the soil level (high) and saturation to 7.5 cm below the soil level (low) and six salinity treatments: 5 mg L−1 Na+, 400 mg L−1 Na+, 850 mg L−1 Na+, 1250 mg L−1 Na+, 1850 mg L−1 Na+, and 2700 mg L−1 Na+. Water level affected total biomass, with the low water level producing higher biomass. Sodium concentration affected biomass, root:shoot ratio, stomatal conductance, evapotranspiration, and photosynthetic rate; all responses were similar for the lower Na concentrations and declined after the 850 mg L−1 treatment. We conclude that B. syzigachne tolerates Na levels of 850 mg L−1 and survives with diminished performance at treatment of 850 mg L−1 up to 2700 mg L−1. With these salinity responses, along with broad tolerance to water levels, B. syzigachne has great potential as an early colonizing annual species for conditions predicted to occur in many of the in-pit reclamation designs.
Effect of Poultry Litter Amendment on Hatchery Waste Composting

SUMMARY Continuous growth of the poultry industry is accompanied by a need to manage large quantities of by-products such as hatchery wastes. Hatchery wastes contain nonfertile eggs, dead chicks, and broken eggshells. Although rendering plants currently use a portion of hatchery waste, large amounts are sent to landfills, which cost the poultry industry millions of dollars each year. As a potential alternative to landfilling, composting was investigated as a method to convert the nutrient rich waste into a stable product for beneficial use. Hatchery waste was amended with sawdust and yard trimmings and in one treatment with poultry litter (broiler) to determine the feasibility of composting hatchery wastes. Hatchery waste co-composted with poultry litter maintained higher temperatures during the experiment resulting in higher dry matter and volatile solids and greater losses of nitrogen by the end of the composting process. The composted product containing poultry litter had higher levels of plant nutrients such as P, K, and many of the other micronutrients than the product without poultry litter. Both treatments were effective in eliminating 99.99% of Escherichia coli; however, more Salmonella reduction was observed in the treatment containing poultry litter than the treatment without poultry litter.
Intercollegiate Collaboration: Connecting Social Studies Preservice Teachers at Two Universities

This qualitative case study explored the collaboration between students in two social studies methods courses at different universities. The authors used technology to connect preservice teachers from teacher education programs that differ in terms of geography, size, and type of university. Using archived data from the courses, the authors found that the intercollegiate collaboration enhanced the students’ methods experience by expanding learning opportunities through communities of social studies practice. Specifically, students had overall positive perceptions of the value of the collaboration, learned new teaching strategies and educational technologies, and also learned from multiple social studies methods instructors. The implications of these findings for social studies methods instructors and students, particularly at small colleges/universities are discussed. The paper includes identification of obstacles to implementation and recommended future lines of research in using technology for intercollegiate collaboration in social studies teacher education.
Techniques Employed by Highly Effective Engineering Educators

In 1987, the Education Commission of the States and the American Association of Higher Education cosponsored the work “Seven Principles for Good Practice in Undergraduate Education” ~Chickering and Gamson 1987!. Supported by extensive research and experience, this work came up with guidelines for faculty, students, and administrators for improving undergraduate teaching and learning. In the 1990s, Seven Habits of Highly Effective People ~Covey 1990! and Emotional Intelligence ~Goleman 1995! became best sellers in the personal growth segment. These books and other similar ones shifted the prevailing paradigms from efficiency to effectiveness and from prestige to self-contentment. This article on the techniques employed by highly effective educators is a synergy of the above three works, personal experiences, teaching enhancement seminars, and many discussions ~some passionate! I have had with my engineering peers from the University of South Florida and other universities around the nation. To keep this article readable, I call the effective educator “Efed.” I refer to Efed also as he ~the author does recognize that engineering has a continuing deep-rooted challenge to bring gender diversity and opportunity to its profession! for the sole purpose of simplicity.
Excitation, Oscillations and Wave Propagation in a G-Protein-Based Model of Signal Transduction in Dictyostelium discoideum

In an earlier paper (Tang & Othmer 1994 Math. Biosci 120, 25-76), we developed a G-protein-based model for signal transduction in the cellular slime mould Dictyostelium discoideum and showed that it can account for the results from perfusion experiments done by Devreotes and coworkers (Devreotes et al. 1979 J. Cell. 80, 300-309; Devreotes & Steck 1979 J. Cell Biol. 80, 300-309; Dinauer et al. 1980 J. Cell Biol. 86, 537-561). The primary experimental observables are the amounts of cAMP secreted and the time scale of adaptation in response to various stimuli, and we showed that the predictions of the model agree well with the observations. Adaptation in the model arises from dual receptor-mediated pathways, one of which produces a stimulatory G protein G $\_{\text{s}}$ and the other of which produces an inhibitory G protein G $\_{\text{i}}$ . In this paper we use the model to simulate the suspension experiments of Gerisch & Wick (1975 Biochem. biophys. Res. Commun. 65, 364-370) and the experiments done in cell cultures on Petri dishes (Tomchik & Devreotes 1981 Science, Wash. 212, 443-446). The model predicts excitation to cAMP stimuli, sustained oscillations, or spiral waves and target patterns, depending on the developmental stage of the cells and experimental conditions. The interaction between different pacemakers is also studied.
Describing function analysis of Dahl model friction

Mechanical systems subject to friction hysteresis exhibit amplitude dependent frequency responses. This paper derives the describing function (DF) of the Dahl friction model subject to a sinusoidal input. This DF is useful for analysis and modeling of systems subject to friction hysteresis from frequency response data.
Asian Indian College Students' Science and Math Preferences: Influences of Cultural Contexts.

Cultural, immigrant, and prejudicial contexts influence minority students’ preferences for college majors and their subsequent career development. Participants were Asian Indian immigrant college students as well as their parents. The early first-generation and late first-generation students were similar to each other in their major preferences; however, both groups had significantly greater preferences for science and math majors than the second-generation students. Parents’ perceived prejudice and preferences for science and math contributed significantly to their second-generation children’s preferences for science and math. Even though second-generation children preferred nonscience majors more than their first-generation parents, the majority reported that their actual majors were in science and math.
Scientific naturalism, the mind-body relation, and religious experience

Although attempts to explain religious experience in terms of brain processes usually presuppose the identification of scientific naturalism with the sensationist, atheistic, materialist version of naturalism (naturalismsam), this version is inadequate for science, and human experience more generally, for numerous reasons. An alternative version, based on panexperientialism, panentheism, and a prehensive doctrine of perception (naturalismppp), not only avoids those problems but also allows for religious experience understood as the soul's direct experience of a Holy Reality.
Review article: diagnosis and management of mesenteric ischaemia with an emphasis on pharmacotherapy

Mesenteric ischaemia results from decreased blood flow to the bowel, causing cellular injury from lack of oxygen and nutrients. Acute mesenteric ischaemia (AMI) is an uncommon disorder with high morbidity and mortality, but outcomes are improved with prompt recognition and aggressive treatment. Five subgroups of AMI have been identified, with superior mesenteric artery embolism (SMAE) the most common. Older age and cardiovascular disease are common risk factors for AMI, excepting acute mesenteric venous thrombosis (AMVT), which affects younger patients with hypercoaguable states. AMI is characterized by sudden onset of abdominal pain; a benign abdominal exam may be observed prior to bowel infarction. Conventional angiography and more recently, computed tomography angiography, are the cornerstones of diagnosis. Correction of predisposing conditions, volume resuscitation and antibiotic treatment are standard treatments for AMI, and surgery is mandated in the setting of peritoneal signs. Intra-arterial vasodilators are used routinely in the treatment of non-occlusive mesenteric ischaemia (NOMI) and also are advocated in the treatment of occlusive AMI to decrease associated vasospasm. Thrombolytics have been used on a limited basis to treat occlusive AMI. A variety of agents have been studied in animal models to treat reperfusion injury, which sometimes can be more harmful than ischaemic injury. Chronic mesenteric ischaemia (CMI) usually is caused by severe obstructive atherosclerotic disease of two or more splanchnic vessels, presents with post-prandial pain and weight loss, and is treated by either surgical revascularization or percutaneous angioplasty and stenting.
Beyond classical theory: Predicting the free energy barrier of bubble nucleation in polymer foaming

Based on the Gibbs-Tolman-Koenig formalism, we considered the Tolman correction to the free energy barrier of bubble nucleation in polymer-gas binary mixtures. For this class of systems, the correction may be estimated with a reasonable accuracy using experimentally accessible macroscopic thermodynamic quantities only. Although the Tolman correction is applicable only in the low supersaturation regime, a simple ansatz regarding the supersaturation dependence of the Tolman length can be made to extend the usefulness of this approach and to yield the free energy barrier that vanishes at the mean-field spinodal as demanded by thermodynamic considerations. © 2013 American Institute of Chemical Engineers AIChE J, 59: 3042–3053, 2013
Translocation across golgi vesicle membranes: A CHO glycosylation mutant deficient in CMP-sialic acid transport

Golgi vesicle membranes from the Lec2 CHO glycosylation mutant translocate CMP-sialic acid at only 2% the rate of vesicles from wild-type CHO cells. The deficiency is specific, because vesicles from Lec2 cells can translocate UDP-N-acetylglucosamine, adenosine 3'-phosphate 5'-phosphosulfate, and UDP-galactose at rates comparable to those of vesicles from wild-type cells. Complementation analyses show that Lec2 mutants belong to the same genetic complementation group as clone 1021, a CHO mutant of similar phenotype. Both mutants have previously been shown to have a 90% reduction in the sialylation of glycoproteins and gangliosides compared with wild-type cells. However, 1021 cells appear to have normal levels of CMP-sialic acid, sialyltransferase activity, and endogenous acceptors for sialylation. It seems likely that the primary defect in Lec2 and 1021 cells is their inability to translocate CMP-sialic acid across Golgi vesicle membranes.
A survey of the distribution and density of the primates of Guyana

In January through February 1994, we conducted the first broad-scale survey of Guyanese primates since 1975. Our goals were (1) to follow up questions raised in the earlier survey, (2) to compare population densities, and (3) to locate potential sites for future long-term research. We used distributional survey methods along trails and rivers and interviewed local inhabitants in each region. We surveyed five general areas, two of which had been studied in 1975. The distribution reported in 1975 for five monkey species—Alouatta seniculus, Cebus olivaceus, Pithecia pithecia, Chiropotes satanas,and Saimiri sciureus—was confirmed. However, questions were raised concerning the western extent of the range of three species: Ateles paniscus, Cebus apella,and Saguinus midas.In comparing densities between 1994 and 1975, we found a significant drop in group densities over the past 20 years and a shift in relative proportions of individual primate species over time. For example, although the total number of kilometers surveyed was identical, group densities were three times higher in 1975 than in 1994. Further, group densities of Ateles, Alouatta,and Pitheciawere much lower, while those of Saguinuswere similar in both years. These findings strongly suggest that habitat destruction and continued hunting pressure are affecting the primate populations.
Relationships between insect pests and weeds: an evolutionary perspective

Weeds are an important plant resource for insects, although feeding by insects on weeds can have both positive and negative effects on crop productivity. Weeds also indirectly affect crops via their influence on beneficial insects, and by harboring plant and insect diseases. Weeds may affect the ability of dispersing insects to locate crop plants. The host relationship between insects and plants is highly variable, ranging from very specialized to generalized feeding behaviors. Despite the myriad interactions of weeds and insects, many aspects of the relationship are predictable. Most insects, including crop pests, are specialists, and preadapted to feed only on some plants, often within a single plant family. Even polyphagous insects often have a distinct preference hierarchy, feeding more widely only when preferred hosts are unavailable. Use of plants by insects is a dynamic interaction, with characteristics of the insect (e.g., mandible structure) and the plant (e.g., allelochemicals) affecting feeding behavior. Thus, weeds that are closely related to crops are particularly important in harboring insects that attack those crops. Crop production practices should seek to sever the taxonomic association between the crop and the weeds found within the crop, and nearby, by eliminating weeds related to the crop. This will make it less likely that insects will move easily from weed to crop plants, that damaging population densities of insects will develop in the field, and that insect vectors that harbor plant diseases will be harbored in the field. Particularly important integrated pest management practices include crop rotation, reduced use of chemical herbicides, and management of weeds in noncultivated areas.
Two-pion decays of kaons in a novel approach to nonleptonic weak processes

The framework of ref. (1) is applied to study the decays K→ππ. The same Hamiltonian is used as the one which applies for nonleptonic hyperon decays. Without further assumptions, all decay amplitudes are calculated and expressed in terms of five parameters. Three relations between the amplitudes are obtained. Comparison is made with experiment and with related work by other authors.
Current Perspectives on Stem Cell Therapy for Erectile Dysfunction.

Abstract Introduction Erectile dysfunction (ED) is a common sexual disorder that affects the lives of millions of male patients and their partners. Various medical and surgical therapies exist, with the most common being oral intake of phosphodiesterase 5 inhibitors. One therapeutic strategy in preclinical development to treat ED is stem cell transplantation. Aim To examine the studies that have investigated stem cells for the treatment of ED. Methods A literature review was performed through PubMed focusing on stem cells and ED. Main Outcome Measures An assessment of different types of stem cells and how they may be applied therapeutically in the treatment of ED. Results The stem cell types that have been investigated for the treatment of ED include bone marrow–derived mesenchymal, adipose–derived, muscle–derived, testes, urine–derived, neural crest, and endothelial progenitor. Depending on the cell type, research has demonstrated that with transplantation, stem cells exert a paracrine effect on penile tissue, and can differentiate into smooth muscle, endothelium, and neurons. Conclusion Multiple stem cell lines are currently being studied for their potential to treat ED. To date, stem cells have proven safe and effective in both animal and human models of ED. More research is needed to understand their full therapeutic potential.
Global Markets and the Health of American Forests: A Forest Service Perspective

T he United States is rich in forests, yet about 39% of the softwood lumber used by Americans in 2005 came from other countries (WWPA 2006). In fact, the United States has not been “self-sufficient” in lumber (with exports exceeding imports) for more than 40 years. According to Haynes et al. (2007), the trade deficit in lumber has grown from 4.1 billion board feet (bbf) in 1962 to 23.4 bbf in 2005, and it is projected to rise to 26.7 bbf by 2050. Is this cause for alarm? It might be—not only for forest-dependent communities and families, but also for the Nation and the world. The United States faces growing ecological threats from fire and fuels, invasive species, loss of open space, and climate change (Bosworth 2003, 2006). All call for restoration work, often funded through silvicultural work, such as repairing disturbed areas, altering forest structure and composition, and replanting native vegetation. However, if foreign competition forces firms in the American forest-products industry out of business, how will the work get done? Moreover, if imports displace domestic forest products, American timber might lose profitability. More timberland might then be sold to developers, further shrinking open space. For the sake of argument, we shall assume that a healthy forest-products industry is indeed necessary to sustain America’s forests. Can domestic roundwood producers stay in business in the face of rising foreign competition? There are no simple answers, because there are at least two tales to tell—a tale of decline and a tale of opportunity.
Medical and Health Consequences of Marijuana

Marijuana is the most frequently used illegal drug in the world today. Some 146 million people, or 3.7% of the population 15–64 years of age, consumed Cannabis in 2001–2003 (1). In the United States, 95 million Americans over the age of 12 have tried marijuana at least once. In 2002, an estimated 15 million Americans had used the drug in the month before a survey (2), representing 6.2% of the population age 12 years and older. Marijuana was used either alone or in combination with other drugs by 75% of the current illicit drug users. Approximately 2-3 million new users of marijuana are added each year, with about 1.1% becoming clinically dependent on it (3). In the case of young people, according to a recent survey of high school students known as Monitoring the Future, supported by the US National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) and conducted yearly, at least 19% of 8th graders had tried marijuana at least once and 18% of 10th graders were “current” drug users (i.e., had used the drug within the past month before the survey). Among 12th graders, nearly 48% had tried marijuana at least once, and approx 21% were “current”marijuana users (4). Marijuana use by young people has increased or decreased at various times during the last decade, possibly as a result of its potency, which has been on the rise, although nonsignificantly from a 3% concentration of Δ9-tetrahyrocannabinol (THC; marijuana’s active chemical constituent) in 1991 to 4.4% in 1997—possibly because of changes in the perceptions of youths about marijuana’s dangers or other unknown factors. Research suggests that marijuana use usually peaks in the late teens to early 20s, and then declines in later years (5).
Loperamide Abuse or Misuse Triggers Cardiac Events.

Loperamide, an antidiarrheal agent available over the counter and also by prescription, may produce serious cardiac effects, including changes in heart rhythm. The risk of adverse effects is more likely if the drug is taken at higher than recommended doses.Cardiac events such as QT interval prolonga
Evaluating Cognitive Training Outcomes: Validity and Utility of Structural Knowledge Assessment

Conventional approaches to evaluating cognitive outcomes of training typically use paper-and-pencil tests that emphasize gains or differences in declarative knowledge. Yet a key factor in differentiating expert and novice performance is the way individuals organize their knowledge. Accordingly, the acquisition of meaningful knowledge structures and methods of assessing structural knowledge are potentially important issues for designing and evaluating training programs. Two studies were conducted to examine the validity and utility of one structural assessment technique called Pathfinder (Schvaneveldt, Durso, & Dearholt, 1989). Results from academic and organizational samples indicated that Pathfinder measures of structural knowledge quality predicted individual differences in performance self-efficacy. After controlling for differences in declarative knowledge, measures of structural knowledge quality added to the prediction of performance self-efficacy in the student sample, but not in the organizational sample. The unique features and potential advantages of structural assessment for training evaluation are discussed.
A Papillary Fibroelastoma Involving Aortic and Pulmonary Valves: Findings on Multimodality Imaging.

Cardiac papillary fibroelastoma, a rare entity, is the second most common benign primary cardiac tumor. Commonly involving the cardiac valves, this entity is increasingly diagnosed using different imaging modalities. We present a rare case of simultaneous involvement of both the aortic and pulmonary valves in an asymptomatic patient who underwent different imaging modalities, including transthoracic and transesophageal echocardiography, nongated and gated computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging. We will discuss the imaging findings and differential diagnosis.
Exploring xfinity: A first look at provider-enabled community networks

Several broadband providers have been offering community WiFi as an additional service for existing customers and paid subscribers. These community networks provide Internet connectivity on the go for mobile devices and a path to offload cellular traffic. Rather than deploying new infrastructure or relying on the resources of an organized community, these provider-enabled community WiFi services leverage the existing hardware and connections of their customers. The past few years have seen a significant growth in their popularity and coverage and some municipalities and institutions have started to considered them as the basis for public Internet access. In this paper, we present the first characterization of one such service – the Xfinity Community WiFi network. Taking the perspectives of the home-router owner and the public hotspot user, we characterize the performance and availability of this service in urban and suburban settings, at different times, between September, 2014 and 2015. Our results highlight the challenges of providing these services in urban environments considering the tensions between coverage and interference, large obstructions and high population densities. Through a series of controlled experiments, we measure the impact to hosting customers, finding that in certain cases, the use of the public hotspot can degrade host network throughput by up-to 67% under high traffic on the public hotspot.
Coblation of suprastomal granulomas in tracheostomy-dependent children

Objective Suprastomal granulomas pose a persistent challenge for tracheostomy-dependent children. They can limit phonation, cause difficulty with tracheostomy tube changes and prevent decannulation. We describe the use of the coblator for radiofrequency plasma ablation of suprastomal granulomas in five consecutive children from September 2012 to January 2016.
A pedagogy for space: Visually framing the 2011 Chilean student movement:

The 2011 Chilean student protests were a powerful social movement aimed at transforming education and, with it, the social spaces and formations of daily life. This social movement was pedagogical ...
CONDUCTIVITY OF CONCENTRATED METAL-AMMONIA SOLUTIONS

Observations of the transport properties of several metallic metal-ammonia solutions indicate an electrical conductivity that rises sharply with increasing concentration of the metallic component. We show here that this behaviour is easily accounted for by a model of independent scatterers, in this case dipolar scattering from ammonia molecules and scattering from solvated metal ion complexes. It is easy to demonstrate that most of the scattering (arising from the ion centres of the solvated complexes) requires the knowledge of a single liquid structure factor for its evaluation. Numerical estimates of the cross sections involve the details of the reduction of the corresponding potentials by the presence of electrons and dipoles. Dielectric functions for a system of point dipoles and electrons are discussed.
Systematic review with meta-analysis: rifaximin for the prophylaxis of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.

SummaryBackground The primary and secondary prevention of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (SBP) is recommended in high-risk patients with cirrhosis. Several studies evaluating the efficacy of rifaximin for SBP prophylaxis have yielded conflicting results. Rifaximin has the potential advantage of preventing bacterial overgrowth and translocation without the systemic side effects of broad-spectrum antibiotics. Aim To evaluate the efficacy of rifaximin in the primary and secondary prevention of SBP. Methods A literature search using five databases was performed to identify studies on the association between rifaximin and SBP. We performed two meta-analyses: (1) rifaximin compared to systemic antibiotics and (2) rifaximin compared to no antibiotics. Random-effect modelling was conducted to determine overall pooled estimates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results Five studies with 555 patients (295 rifaximin, 260 systemic antibiotics) compared rifaximin with systemic antibiotics. The pooled odds ratio (OR) for SBP was 0.45 (95% CI 0.16-1.27; P = .13) in patients receiving rifaximin and strengthened on sensitivity analysis (OR 0.38, 95% CI 0.19-0.76, P = .01). In the analysis comparing rifaximin with no antibiotics, there were five studies with 784 patients (186 rifaximin, 598 no antibiotics). The OR for SBP was 0.34 (95% CI 0.11-0.99; P < .05) in patients receiving rifaximin. In subgroup analysis, rifaximin reduced the risk of SBP by 47% compared to no antibiotics for primary prophylaxis and by 74% compared to systemic antibiotics for secondary prophylaxis. Conclusion Rifaximin may be effective in preventing SBP in patients with cirrhosis and ascites compared to systemically absorbed antibiotics and compared to placebo.
Developing Remote Training Consultants as Leaders—Dialogic/Network Application of Path-Goal Leadership Theory in Leadership Development

Although considered experts in software implementation, software training consultants are often in leadership roles but have little to no leadership training. Using the dialogic-networked development techniques, five key leadership capacities could be developed in remote-training consultant teams utilizing path-goal theory leadership styles (House & Mitchell, 1974). The leadership capacities include customer service, creativity and innovation, listening and communication, coaching and mentoring, and conflict management (Turner, Chih-Hung, Schroeder, & Johnson, 2016).
A ‘real’ fantasy: hybridity, Korean drama, and pop cosmopolitans:

This study examines the complex, multidirectional process of media transnationalization and online fandom within the new media environment, focusing on the transnational media flows from the East t...
Shelf Flows Forced by Deep-Ocean Anticyclonic Eddies at the Shelf Break

AbstractIsolated monopolar eddies in the ocean tend to move westward. Those shed by western boundary currents may then interact with the continental margin. This simple picture is complicated by th...
Optimizing Stored Video Delivery for Wireless Networks: The Value of Knowing the Future

This paper considers the design of cross-layer opportunistic transport protocols for stored video over wireless networks with a slow varying (average) capacity. We focus on two key principles: 1) scheduling data transmissions when capacity is high; and 2) exploiting knowledge of future capacity variations. The latter is possible when users’ mobility is known or predictable, for example, users riding on public transportation or using navigation systems. We consider the design of cross-layer transmission schedules, which minimize system utilization (and, thus, possibly transmit/receive energy) while avoiding, if at all possible, rebuffering/delays in several scenarios. For the single-user anticipative case where all future capacity variations are known beforehand, we establish the optimal transmission schedule in a generalized piecewise constant thresholding (GPCT) scheme. For the single-user partially anticipative case where only a finite window of future capacity variations is known, we propose an online greedy fixed horizon control (GFHC). An upper bound on the competitive ratio of GFHC and GPCT is established showing how performance loss depends on the window size, receiver playback buffer, and capacity variability. We also consider the multiuser case where one can exploit both future temporal and multiuser diversity. Finally, we investigate the impact of uncertainty in knowledge of future capacity variations, and propose an offline approach as well as an online algorithm to deal with such uncertainty. Our simulations and evaluation based on a measured wireless capacity trace exhibit robust potential gains for our proposed transmission schemes.
Electrical and Interface Properties of MOS Structures of Getter Treated Silicon

Electrical and micro-structural properties of Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor (MOS) capacitors fabricated utilizing silicon wafers, treated differently for gettering of impurities, is reported in this study. The treatment of silicon wafers for gettering purposes, considered here, essentially involves (i) back side argon ion implantation at doses of 2.5 × 1015 cm-2 and 5.0 × 1015 cm-2, at energies of 195 and 350 keV respectively, and (ii) back side polysilicon deposition. The results of these measurements have been compared with those of ungettered silicon. Results indicate that some improvement has been attained in minority carrier lifetimes and maximum breakdown voltages in MOS capacitors fabricated particularly using back side argon ion implanted silicon.
Abstract 1339: LOX-1 Ablation Reduces Atherosclerosis

Atherosclerosis is associated with intense oxidative stress and upregulation of LOX-1, a receptor for oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL). To determine the contribution of LOX-1 expression in atherogenesis, we studied 4 groups of mice, wild-type C57BL/6J, LDLR KO mice, LOX-1 KO mice, and LDLR-LOX-1 double KO mice (n=10 in each group). All animals were fed with high cholesterol diet (4% cholesterol in vegetable oil) for 18 weeks. Extent of atherosclerosis was determined by Sudan IV staining of the entire length of aorta as well as by cross-section analysis of multiple aortic sections. LOX-1 expression (mRNA and protein) was enhanced in the LDLR KO mice (P
SEDIMENT CONTROL THROUGH DREDGING

Sediment control is necessary, but its traditional benefit-cost comparison is no longer the sole criterion for its use. Control can be achieved in various forms of river training and dredging. Dredges are divided into hydraulic and mechanical dredges, their dominant types being the cutterhead, hopper, and endless chain bucket dredges. The operating principle of hydraulic dredges is more complex than that of mechanical dredges and is subject to several constraints. Yet, nearly all dredging in this country is hydraulic, with a more even distribution among the other types in the rest of the world. Dredged material density increases in importance due to increases in transport distances, environmental concerns, and fuel consumption. It also affects some sediment measurements which can be obtained in place or while the material is handled. Upon comparing dredging to river training, neither method is universally advantageous. Both methods will continue to exist side-by-side and be decided upon on a case-by-case basis.
Truth Conditional Semantics and Meaning

From the early 20th century, beginning with the revolutions in logic begun by the German mathematician Gotlob Frege and the English philosopher Bertrand Russell, until the present, philosophers have speculated about the notion of meaning.
Integral representations and uniqueness sets for star-invariant subspaces

We discuss properties of pseudocontinuable functions in the unit disk of the complex plane in the context of operator theory.