cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sleep and Sleep-Disordered Breathing in Commercial Long-Haul Truck Drivers

We have performed a study assessing the prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in a large US trucking company using a validated portable monitor (MESAM-4) and a validated symptom questionnaire. Three hundred eighty-eight drivers with a mean age of 36 years filled out the questionnaire. One hundred fifty-nine drivers with a mean age of 35 years spent the night at the terminal hub where they underwent monitoring for identification of sleep-disordered breathing. The drivers also had blood pressure recorded while awake, seated, and after 15 min of quiet rest. Seventy-eight percent of the drivers had an oxygen desaturation index (ODI) ≥5 per hour of sleep; 10% had an ODI ≥30 per hour of sleep. There was a significant difference in the body mass index (BMI) between drivers with ODI 2 in drivers with ODI 2 in drivers with ODI ≥5, p
An Exploratory Investigation of Organizational Antecedents to New Product Success

The authors present a model that suggests that integration between marketing and research and development (R&D), managerial controls, and relational norms influences new product success. The model ...
Paradigms: Examples from the Bacterium Xylella fastidiosa

The history of advances in research on Xylella fastidiosa provides excellent examples of how paradigms both advance and limit our scientific understanding of plant pathogens and the plant diseases they cause. I describe this from a personal perspective, having been directly involved with many persons who made paradigm-changing discoveries, beginning with the discovery that a bacterium, not a virus, causes Pierce's disease of grape and other plant diseases in numerous plant species, including important crop and forest species.
The capability assessment of emergency power supply in urban power network

This paper is focus on the capacity assessment on the emergency power supply in urban power network. The capability assessment of emergency power supply is one of the most important components in the emergency management of urban power network. In recent years, by natural disasters such as ice hazard, earthquakes and other unexpected events, some of Chinese urban power networks have suffered severe damage, resulting in some blackout accidents. To assessment the capability of power supply during emergency, it needs to establish a set of criteria. Based on the assessment, power supply utilities can reasonably instruct the operation, planning and design of power network. This paper proposes an evaluation indexes system for urban emergency power supply capacity, in which include four category of indicators, such as external environmental assessment indexes, network status evaluation indexes, the user needs assessment indexes , and the enterprise's own evaluation indexes.
Adjuvant hormonal therapy in peri- and postmenopausal breast cancer.

Tamoxifen has been the mainstay of endocrine treatment for early-stage breast cancer in both premenopausal
Passive optical limiting of picosecond-nanosecond laser pulses using highly nonlinear organic liquid cored fiber array

We present a detailed account of theoretical and experimental studies of nonlinear molecular photonic processes accompanying the propagation of short intense laser pulses through an organic liquid cored fiber array. The theory takes into account two-photon absorption, excited state absorption, and dynamical evolution of the molecular energy level populations and the laser intensity. The coupled dynamical equations for the molecular energy-level populations and laser intensity are solved numerically using experimentally observed molecular and optical parameters. Experimentally obtained optical limiting results are analyzed along with nonlinear absorption and pump-probe studies of other nonlinear optical processes occurring in the fiber core. It is found that in the nanosecond time regime, besides excited state and two-photon absorption, thermal and density effects also contribute significantly to the optical limiting performance of the constituent fiber.
Fusarium root infection of container-grown Douglas-fir: effect on survival and growth of outplanted seedlings and persistence of the pathogen

Greenhouse-grown Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii var.glauca [Beissn.] Franco) seedlings with roots infected with eitherFusarium oxysporum Schlect. orFusarium proliferatum (Matsushima) Nirenberg were outplanted on a forest site in northern Idaho, U.S.A. No residentFusarium populations were detected in the forest soil.Fusarium persisted the first four years on roots initiated during the greenhouse phase, but occurred sparingly or was absent on roots that grew after outplanting. Height growth was unaffected, and mortality was not often associated withFusarium. A seasonal pattern ofFusarium activity was observed. Low levels (10–40%) of initial root infection apparently have little adverse effect on outplanting performance of Douglas-fir seedlings.
Target tracking in uncertain multipath environments using Viterbi data association

This paper addresses the problem of accurate geolocation of targets or emitters in an uncertain multipath propagation channel. We propose a new approach which exploits differences between target and multipath dynamics to jointly estimate target position and channel parameters. The concept is derived here for an uncertain indoor propagation channel where multipath specular reflections from walls can be adequately captured using ray-trace models. A multi-mode Viterbi data association algorithm (MM-VDA) is presented which determines the unknown correspondences between measurements and multipath propagation modes in the presence of false alarms. The method is evaluated based on simulations where a moving radio frequency (RF) emitter is tracked in an uncertain multipath indoor channel even when the direct-path return is occasionally not present.
Acute ischemic syndromes: Chest pain center concept

CPCs have been developed to meet the clinical challenge posed by the diverse group of patients presenting to the ED with findings suggestive of a coronary event. Using a protocol-driven approach, high- and low-risk patients can be identified on presentation, facilitating urgent therapy in the former and triage of the latter to more deliberate management. Most CPCs focus on low-risk patients who are being increasingly managed by accelerated diagnostic protocols. These methods comprise systematic strategies that include innovative diagnostic approaches during a 6 to 12 hour period of observation with serial ECGs, continuous monitoring and cardiac biomarker measurements. A negative evaluation is usually followed by predischarge stress testing, and positive findings mandate admission. An essential aspect of the CPC strategy is continuity of care for patients with negative cardiac evaluations. Current data indicate that management of low-risk patients with chest pain in a CPC is safe accurate, and appears to be cost-effective.
Current employment status, occupational category, occupational hazard exposure and job stress in relation to telomere length: the Multiethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA).

Objective Telomere length has been proposed as a biomarker of cell senescence, which is associated with a wide array of adverse health outcomes. While work is a major determinant of health, few studies have investigated the association of telomere length with various dimensions of occupation. Accelerated cellular aging could be a common pathway linking occupational exposure to several health outcomes. Methods Leukocyte telomere length was assessed using quantitative PCR in a community-based sample of 981 individuals (age: 45–84 years). Questionnaires were used to collect information on current employment status, current or main occupation before retirement and job strain. The Occupational Resource Network (O*NET) database was linked to the questionnaire data to create five exposure measures: physical activity on the job, physical hazard exposure, interpersonal stressors, job control and job demands. Linear regression was used to estimate associations of occupational characteristics with telomere lengths after adjustment for age, sex, race, socioeconomic position and several behavioural risk factors. Results There were no mean differences in telomere lengths across current employment status, occupational category, job strain categories or levels of most O*NET exposure measures. There was also no evidence that being in lower status occupational categories or being exposed to higher levels of adverse physical or psychosocial exposures accelerated the association between age and telomere shortening. Conclusions Cellular aging as reflected by shorter telomeres does not appear to be an important pathway linking occupation to various health outcomes.
Phase I and Pharmacologic Study of OSI-774, an Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in Patients With Advanced Solid Malignancies

PURPOSE: To assess the feasibility of administering OSI-774, to recommend a dose on a protracted, continuous daily schedule, to characterize its pharmacokinetic behavior, and to acquire preliminary evidence of anticancer activity. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with advanced solid malignancies were treated with escalating doses of OSI-774 in three study parts (A to C) to evaluate progressively longer treatment intervals. Part A patients received OSI-774 25 to 100 mg once daily, for 3 days each week, for 3 weeks every 4 weeks. Part B patients received OSI-774 doses ranging from 50 to 200 mg given once daily for 3 weeks every 4 weeks to establish the maximum tolerated dose (MTD). In part C, patients received this MTD on a continuous, uninterrupted schedule. The pharmacokinetics of OSI-774 and its O-demethylated metabolite, OSI-420, were characterized. RESULTS: Forty patients received a total of 123 28-day courses of OSI-774. No severe toxicities precluded dose escalation of OSI-774 from 25 to 100 mg/d in pa...
Effects of Melodic Perception Instruction on Pitch Discrimination and Vocal Accuracy of Kindergarten Children

This study investigated the effects of melodic perception instruction on the auditory discrimination of pitch and vocal accuracy of kindergarten children. Sixty-one subjects were assigned to three different instructional settings for 11 weeks. E1 had vocal instruction designed to promote melodic perception through visual and kinesthetic reinforcement; E2 had vocal instruction consisting primarily of imitation alone; and C had a traditional, nonconceptual approach. Subjects were pre- and posttested on the Gordon Primary Measures of Music Audiation (Tonal Test), the Boardman Test of Vocal Accuracy, and a rote-singing test. Results showed that there were (1) no differences among groups in auditory discrimination, (2) significant differences on vocal pitch-pattern accuracy between E1 and C and E2 and C, and (3) significant differences in rote-singing accuracy between E2 and C.
Usable Mandatory Integrity Protection for Operating Systems

Existing mandatory access control systems for operating systems are difficult to use. We identify several principles for designing usable access control systems and introduce the usable mandatory integrity protection (UMIP) model that adds usable mandatory access control to operating systems. The UMIP model is designed to preserve system integrity in the face of network-based attacks. The usability goals for UMIP are twofold. First, configuring a UMIP system should not be more difficult than installing and configuring an operating system. Second, existing applications and common usage practices can still be used under UMIP. UMIP has several novel features to achieve these goals. For example, it introduces several concepts for expressing partial trust in programs. Furthermore, it leverages information in the existing discretionary access control mechanism to derive file labels for mandatory integrity protection. We also discuss our implementation of the UMIP model for Linux using the Linux Security Modules framework, and show that it is simple to configure, has low overhead, and effectively defends against a number of network-based attacks.
jMWE: A Java Toolkit for Detecting Multi-Word Expressions

jMWE is a Java library for implementing and testing algorithms that detect Multi-Word Expression (MWE) tokens in text. It provides (1) a detector API, including implementations of several detectors, (2) facilities for constructing indices of MWE types that may be used by the detectors, and (3) a testing framework for measuring the performance of a MWE detector. The software is available for free download.
Studies of Old Dog Encephalitis. II. Electron Microscopic and Immunohistologie Findings

Intranuclear inclusions in neurons and glial cells of a dog with old dogence- phalitis had paramyxovirus nucleocapsid structures identical to those observed in distemper- infected CNS tissue. This finding further suggests that the distemper virus is involved in the pathogenesis of old dog encephalitis. Canine y-globulin (IgG) was demonstrated in frozen brain sections by means of the direct fluorescent antibody test. Although IgG occurred in the cyptoplasm of mononuclear cells and in the neural parenchyma in those areas where viral antigen was most abundant, it was not established if it was antibody to distemper virus. Old dog encephalitis, a disease of middle-aged dogs, is characterized by neurologic manifestations of progressive motor and mental deterioration and is ultimately fatal. It is typified pathologically by widely scattered perivascu- lar accumulations of mononuclear cells in the CNS and by intranuclear inclusions in neurons and glial cells (3). Although a viral cause has been sus- pected, only recently has a specific agent been implicated (8). Demonstration of viral antigen of canine distemper by fluorescent antibody staining in the brain of two dogs with encephalitis indicated a possible causal role of the dis- temper virus. Investigators have been unsuccessful in attempting to isolate an agent and to transmit the disease to other animals (3, 81. This paper extends our initial observations on the presence of a paramyxovirus and reports other immuno- histologic findings and transmission trials.
Parametric model for f-shell configurations. I. The effective-opertor Hamiltonian

A parametric model for lanthanide and actinide atomic and crystal energy levels is presented that correlates trends in Hartree–Fock calculations with empirically determined atomic parameters in such a way that predictions for unclassified complex cases can be made from the analysis of simpler ones. When appropriate effective operators, including electrostatic operators up to the third rank for fN configurations and magnetic operators up to the second rank for fN and fNd shells, are used in the parametric Hamiltonian, statistical errors of 10–20 cm−1 are typical for the simpler examples presented.
Large scale study of protein domain distribution in the context of alternative splicing

Alternative splicing plays an important role in processes such as development, differentiation and cancer. With the recent increase in the estimates of the number of human genes that undergo alternative splicing from 5 to 35–59%, it is becoming critical to develop a better understanding of its functional consequences and regulatory mechanisms. We conducted a large scale study of the distribution of protein domains in a curated data set of several thousand genes and identified protein domains disproportionately distributed among alternatively spliced genes. We also identified a number of protein domains that tend to be spliced out. Both the proteins having the disproportionately distributed domains as well as those with spliced-out domains are predominantly involved in the processes of cell communication, signaling, development and apoptosis. These proteins function mostly as enzymes, signal transducers and receptors. Somewhat surprisingly, 28% of all occurrences of spliced-out domains are not effected by straightforward exclusion of exons coding for the domains but by inclusion or exclusion of other exons to shift the reading frame while retaining the exons coding for the domains in the final transcripts.
Electron spectroscopy in narrow band f-electron compounds☆

Abstract We show by the combined means of high-resolution photoemission measurements at low temperatures on uranium and cerium compounds (including heavy fermions) and systematic resonant data on a series of uranium narrow-band compounds, that the “two-peaked” f-electron spectrum commonly found in cerium compounds is also found in uranium compounds. The 5f spectra consist of a superposition of features consistent with the band structure ground state plus a 5f satellite due to poorly-screened final state effects.
Education and Care of the Diabetic Patient on CAPD

Because continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) is becom ing widely used nurses should be aware of the indications and contrain dications for this mode of therapy. Ed ucation of these patients is extensive and involves not only the patient and family, but staff nurses, dietitians, house staff, and the diabetes nurse specialist. A case study demonstrates some of the problems.
Social Economic Policy

It is well to state explicitly at the outset that the society considered in this essay is the sovereign democratic state, that is, a modern Western nation, where law is made and enforced by a responsible government within the context of representative institutions. Only a free society living under democratic government confronts or deals with social problems—problems of and for society as a unit. It is assumed that public opinion is committed to the general ideal of a practical maximum of individual freedom and freedom of association, hence to a minimum of enforced or “jural” law, prescribing or restricting personal conduct. That is, it holds to the ideal of association by free agreement or assent, subject to the state and its laws. The concepts are imprecise, and to make them workable and definite is a major function of law and government. The field of association to be chiefly considered here is that of “economic” relations. In the form now prevalent in the Western world, free economic association is a historical novelty, in origin closely intertwined with democracy or political freedom. It will be argued that these and other modes of freedom are in fact inseparable aspects of “liberal” culture. “Liberal” culture arose through a radical and historically swift transformation of the order which prevailed in mediaeval Western Europe. Without looking farther back in history, what is important is the antithetical character in essential respects of mediaeval and contemporary society in their structure and operation and in their accepted ideals.
Mining clinical text for signals of adverse drug-drug interactions

Background and objective Electronic health records (EHRs) are increasingly being used to complement the FDA Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) and to enable active pharmacovigilance. Over 30% of all adverse drug reactions are caused by drug–drug interactions (DDIs) and result in significant morbidity every year, making their early identification vital. We present an approach for identifying DDI signals directly from the textual portion of EHRs. Methods We recognize mentions of drug and event concepts from over 50 million clinical notes from two sites to create a timeline of concept mentions for each patient. We then use adjusted disproportionality ratios to identify significant drug–drug–event associations among 1165 drugs and 14 adverse events. To validate our results, we evaluate our performance on a gold standard of 1698 DDIs curated from existing knowledge bases, as well as with signaling DDI associations directly from FAERS using established methods. Results Our method achieves good performance, as measured by our gold standard (area under the receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curve >80%), on two independent EHR datasets and the performance is comparable to that of signaling DDIs from FAERS. We demonstrate the utility of our method for early detection of DDIs and for identifying alternatives for risky drug combinations. Finally, we publish a first of its kind database of population event rates among patients on drug combinations based on an EHR corpus. Conclusions It is feasible to identify DDI signals and estimate the rate of adverse events among patients on drug combinations, directly from clinical text; this could have utility in prioritizing drug interaction surveillance as well as in clinical decision support.
Abstract 176: β-Adrenergic Receptor--Mediated Regulation of Cardiac Gene Expression Is Gefitinib Sensitive

BetaAR-mediated transactivation of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) has been shown to promote cardioprotection in a mouse model of heart failure, however the mechanism(s) responsible for this pro-survival response are not known. We hypothesized that this transactivation event could impact a number of processes in the heart, including survival, via regulation of gene expression. To test the capacity of BetaAR-mediated EGFR transactivation to regulate this process, acute changes in cardiac gene expression were assessed via RNA sequencing in the hearts of C57BL/6 mice given i.p. injections of the BetaAR agonist isoproterenol (ISO, 1mg/kg) in the presence or absence of the EGFR antagonist gefitinib (Gef, 5mg/kg) for 1 hour. The total RNA from 4 hearts per treatment group (Control, ISO, Gef, Gef/ISO) were combined and underwent DNA library generation and SOLiD sequencing analysis, which revealed a substantial number of genes and isoforms regulated by each of the treatments. Interestingly, Gef alone significantly altered the expression of 270 genes compared to control suggesting potential Gef-dependent alterations in the heart during clinical use. ISO alone and Gef/ISO significantly altered 401 and 723 distinct genes compared to control, respectively. Further statistical analysis was performed between the ISO and Gef/ISO groups to assess true Gef sensitivity of ISO-regulated genes in the heart, confirming 173 genes significantly altered between the groups. Classification of these genes revealed 4 categories: ISO-dependent gene upregulation (1) or downregulation (2) antagonized by Gef, and ISO-dependent gene upregulation (3) or downregulation (4) promoted in presence of Gef. Identified within these categories were several genes known to be involved in the regulation of cardiac hypertrophy, apoptosis, sarcomeric structure and Ca2+-handling, which were selected for validation via qPCR. In conclusion, BetaAR-mediated EGFR transactivation induces rapid modulation of cardiac gene expression in response to catecholamine stimulation in vivo, with potential functional impacts on a number of cellular processes, while simultaneously acting to antagonize gene expression changes mediated via distinct BetaAR-mediated signaling pathways.
Lost in heterogeneity: architectural selection based on code features

Automatic parallelizing compilers have evolved greatly over the last decade. Tools like Pluto, Pr4All and PPCG are widely adopted to generate optimized OpenMP, CUDA and OpenCL codes. However, in the end, it is the programmer's responsibility to select the best target architecture for a particular application. In this work we provide a solution for the problem of architectural selection. We introduce a low cost model based on a classification problem which selects the fastest architecture for the generated code. We integrate our model in PPCG, a state of the art polyhedral compiler. Our experiments show that our model selects the fastest architecture 87% of the time when choosing between an Ivy Bridge Xeon CPU and a Kepler GPU and 81% of the time when choosing between a Xeon Sandy Bridge CPU and a Xeon Phi acceleration card.
Projection-based model reduction for reacting ows

levels of reduction. The proper orthogonal decomposition approach is combined with the discrete empirical interpolation method to achieve ecient computation of the nonlinear term in the reduced model. Results are shown for parameterized steady and unsteady models describing a two-dimensional premixed H2-Air ame governed by a nonlinear convection-diusi on-reaction equation.
Evaporative Assembly of MEH-PPV Rings Using Mixed Solvents at the Air/Water Interface

Controlling the morphology of conjugated polymers has recently attracted considerable attention because of their applications in photovoltaic (PV) devices and organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Here, we describe the self-assembly of a common conjugated polymer, poly[2-methoxy-5-(2-ethylhexyloxy)-1,4-phenylenevinylene] (MEH-PPV), into ringlike structures via solvent evaporation on an air/water interface. The films are monitored using Brewster angle microscopy (BAM) and transferred onto a solid substrate by either the Langmuir–Blodgett (LB) or the Langmuir–Schaefer (LS) method and further characterized by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The morphology of the MEH-PPV thin film at the air/water interface can be controlled by the spreading solvent. By mixing solvents of varying spreading coefficients and evaporation rates, such as chloroform and chlorobenzene, MEH-PPV can be assembled into micrometer-sized ring structures. The optical properties of these MEH-PPV ring structures are also characterized. Lastl...
A Numerical Model for Thermoelastic Damping in Micromechanical Resonators Made From Anisotropic Materials

This paper presents a numerical model for thermoelastic damping (TED) in micromechanical resonators made from anisotropic materials, such as single crystal silicon. It is built upon a thermal-energy method, in which TED is interpreted as the generation of thermal energy per cycle of vibration and consequently the mathematical expression for TED is derived from the linear thermoelastic governing equations for anisotropic media. This numerical model consists of two sequential numerical simulations: elastic vibrations and transient heat conduction, and is developed in the ANSYS/Multiphysics, giving rise to the numerical value for the derived expression for TED and further the quality factor related to TED (QTED ) in a micromechanical resonator with any complex structural geometry. Through comparison with experimental data in the literature, the validity of the presented numerical model is demonstrated.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Pelvic endometriosis: Spontaneous rupture of endometrial cysts, with a report of three cases☆

Abstract After a review of the clinical aspects and a discussion of the etiology and histogenesis of pelvic endometriosis, three cases are reported, and a fourth cited from the literature, of spontaneous perforation of unusually large endometrial cysts, with the production of acute abdominal symptoms. In two these suggested acute appendicitis, in the third a presumptive diagnosis had been made of ovarian cyst with twisted pedicle. In Lee's case the symptoms had suggested “ectopic pregnancy or acute peritonitis.” The possibility of this accident should be borne in mind when acute abdominal symptoms develop in cases in which the history and the pelvic findings suggest the probability of pelvic endometriosis.
How the Eye Care Habits and Vision Burden Affect Myopia among Primary and High School Students

Objective:To investigate the impacts of eye care habits and vision burden on myopia among primary and high school students.Methods: 4 424 students in primary and middle schools in Beijing participated in the questionnaire survey and had their eyesight checked using auto-refraction-computer.The Epidata3.0 and SPSS 13.0 software were applied for the statistic analysis.Results: Of 4 218 students who presented with complete eyesight results,775 were with emmetropia and 2 888 with myopia(68.50%).Significant differences in eye-to-book distance and body posture while reading,habits of self-initiated refreshment and mean hours of vision burden at daily tasks were found between emmetropic and myopic students(P=0.001).Conclusion: Improper eye care habits and heavy burden of vision may be responsible for the high prevalence of myopia among primary and high school students.
Overuse Syndromes of the Lower Extremity

A few of the major and more common overuse syndromes are considered, including patellofemoral stress syndromes, shin splints, and Achilles tendinitis. Cessation of sports activity is not the answer to these problems; rather, the prevention of overuse syndromes can and should overshadow the treatment.
Termination of single-crystal B i 2 S e 3 surfaces prepared by various methods

Bismuth Selenide $(\mathrm{B}{\mathrm{i}}_{2}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{e}}_{3})$ is a topological insulator with a two-dimensional layered structure that enables clean and well-ordered surfaces to be prepared by cleaving. Although some studies have demonstrated that the cleaved surface is terminated with Se, as expected from the bulk crystal structure, other reports have indicated either a Bi- or mixed-termination. Low-energy ion scattering (LEIS), low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) are used here to compare surfaces prepared by ex situ cleaving, in situ cleaving, and ion bombardment and annealing (IBA) in ultrahigh vacuum (UHV). Surfaces prepared by in situ cleaving and IBA are well ordered and Se-terminated. Ex situ cleaved samples could be either Se-terminated or Bi-rich, are less well ordered and have adsorbed contaminants. This suggests that a chemical reaction involving atmospheric contaminants, which may preferentially adsorb at surface defects, could contribute to the nonreproducibility of the termination.
Landscape Features for Computationally Expensive Evaluation Functions: Revisiting the Problem of Noise

When combined with machine learning, the black-box analysis of fitness landscapes promises to provide us with easy-to-compute features that can be used to select and configure an algorithm that is well-suited to the task at hand. As applications that involve computationally expensive, stochastic simulations become increasingly relevant in practice, however, there is a need for landscape features that are both (A) possible to estimate with a very limited budget of fitness evaluations, and (B) accurate in the presence of small to moderate amounts of noise. We show via a small set of relatively inexpensive landscape features based on hill-climbing methods that these two goals are in tension with each other: cheap features are sometimes extremely sensitive to even very small amounts of noise. We propose that features whose values are calculated using population-based search methods may provide a path forward in developing landscape analysis tools that are both inexpensive and robust to noise.
Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiomery Technology

The fundamental principle of Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DXA) is the measurement of transmission of X-rays, produced from a stable source, at high and low energies through the body. The advantages of using X-rays instead of photon absorptiometry include a shorter acquisition time and improved accuracy and precision due to the increased photon flux. Over the last few decades, improvements in precision and resolution have been coupled with a decrease in radiation exposure. With the increased availability of DXA, there has been a dramatic rise in its use in pediatric research and clinical practice. However, given DXA is a projectional technique, objects are analyzed as two-dimensional; as such, problems may arise when the dimensions of the area scanned change with time, as is the case in a growing child. Though DXA technology has numerous strengths, there remain a number of factors that must be considered carefully when interpreting DXA results in pediatrics.
Predicting College Performance of Homeschooled Versus Traditional Students

The prevalence of homeschooling in the United States is increasing. Yet little is known about how commonly used predictors of postsecondary academic performance (SAT, high school grade point average [HSGPA]) perform for homeschooled students. Postsecondary performance at 140 colleges and universities was analyzed comparing a sample of traditional students matched to a sample of 732 homeschooled students on four demographic variables, HSGPA, and SAT scores. The matched sample was drawn from 824,940 traditional students attending the same institutions as the homeschooled students, which permitted a very precise level of matching. This comparison did not show a difference in first-year college GPA (FGPA) or retention between homeschooled and traditional students. SAT scores predicted FGPA and retention equally well for both groups, but HSGPA was a weaker predictor for the homeschooled group. These results suggest that, among college students, those who were homeschooled perform similarly to traditionally educated students matched on demographics and academic preparedness, but there are practical implications for college admissions in the use of HSGPA versus standardized test scores for homeschooled students.
Myelopathy due to Flexion Drug Overdose

This is a condition of cervical myelopathy, developing after prolonged extreme neck flexion in association with profound muscular relaxation.
The Synergistic Influence of Ischemic Time and Surgical Precision on Acute Kidney Injury After Robotic Partial Nephrectomy.

Abstract Objectives To examine the dynamic and potentially synergistic influence of warm ischemia time (WIT) and excisional volume loss (EVL) on predicted rates of post-partial acute kidney injury (AKI) across a range of tumor complexities. To investigate whether these modifiable variables sensitize the kidney to the other's damaging influence. Methods We retrospectively reviewed 1,245 patients between 2006 and 2016 with bilateral kidneys and enhancing renal masses in our single-institution robotic partial nephrectomy (PN) database. EVL was calculated as the difference between specimen and tumor volume based on pathologic measurements. Multivariate logistic regressions, followed by marginal effects, were run to examine the interaction of ischemia type, EVL, and R.E.N.A.L. score on rates of AKI. Results We found a significant interaction effect of WIT and log EVL on predicted AKI (p 25 minutes, respectively. At EVL >5.5cm 3 , prolonged WIT had statistically greater odds of causing AKI. These predicted effects on AKI were amplified for increasing R.E.N.A.L. scores (p Conclusions While the adverse functional effects of WIT and parenchymal volume loss during PN have previously been described in isolation, our findings suggest that their influence on AKI is synergistic, especially in complex tumors. As such, additional attention should be given to limiting warm ischemia and maximizing surgical precision in order to avoid a "double hit" on postoperative renal function.
Shared Components of Rhythm Generation for Locomotion and Scratching Exist Prior to Motoneurons

Does the spinal cord use a single network to generate locomotor and scratching rhythms or two separate networks? Previous research showed that simultaneous swim and scratch stimulation (“dual stimulation”) in immobilized, spinal turtles evokes a single rhythm in hindlimb motor nerves with a frequency often greater than during swim stimulation alone or scratch stimulation alone. This suggests that the signals that trigger swimming and scratching converge and are integrated within the spinal cord. However, these results could not determine whether the integration occurs in motoneurons themselves or earlier, in spinal interneurons. Here, we recorded intracellularly from hindlimb motoneurons during dual stimulation. Motoneuron membrane potentials displayed regular oscillations at a higher frequency during dual stimulation than during swim or scratch stimulation alone. In contrast, arithmetic addition of the oscillations during swimming alone and scratching alone with various delays always generated irregular oscillations. Also, the standard deviation of the phase-normalized membrane potential during dual stimulation was similar to those during swimming or scratching alone. In contrast, the standard deviation was greater when pooling cycles of swimming alone and scratching alone for two of the three forms of scratching. This shows that dual stimulation generates a single rhythm prior to motoneurons. Thus, either swimming and scratching largely share a rhythm generator or the two rhythms are integrated into one rhythm by strong interactions among interneurons.
Complexity measures of music

Abstract We present a technique to search for the presence of crucial events in music, based on the analysis of the music volume. Earlier work on this issue was based on the assumption that crucial events correspond to the change of music notes, with the interesting result that the complexity index of the crucial events is μ ≈ 2, which is the same inverse power-law index of the dynamics of the brain. The search technique analyzes music volume and confirms the results of the earlier work, thereby contributing to the explanation as to why the brain is sensitive to music, through the phenomenon of complexity matching. Complexity matching has recently been interpreted as the transfer of multifractality from one complex network to another. For this reason we also examine the mulifractality of music, with the observation that the multifractal spectrum of a computer performance is significantly narrower than the multifractal spectrum of a human performance of the same musical score. We conjecture that although crucial events are demonstrably important for information transmission, they alone are not sufficient to define musicality, which is more adequately measured by the multifractality spectrum.
The Asia and Pacific Region: Rural-Urban Impact on Disability

The Asia and the Pacific region is home to over 4.4 billion people or 60% of the global population, accounts for over 40% of the global economy, and is home to nearly 70% of the world’s poor and most vulnerable populations including people with disabilities who are scattered throughout rural areas or crowded into towns and cities on a land area of almost 45 million km2, which comprises roughly 17% of the world’s surface. This chapter will discuss the demographical, social, political, and economical changes of the region and how these changes impact individuals with disabilities and their socioeconomic disadvantages. This chapter will also address the contributions from various United Nations systems, international organizations, national governments, nongovernment organizations, and grassroots organizations in reference to the development of community-based rehabilitation (CBR) services and improving policies to alleviate poverty among persons with disabilities and enhance their quality of life and participation in society.
Novel targeted therapy strategies for biliary tract cancers and hepatocellular carcinoma

Worldwide hepatobiliary cancers are the second leading cause of cancer related death. Despite their relevance, hepatobiliary cancers have a paucity of approved systemic therapy options. However, there are a number of emerging therapeutic biomarkers and therapeutic concepts that show promise. In hepatocellular carcinoma, nivolumab appears particularly promising and recently received US FDA approval. In intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma, therapies targeting FGFR2 and IDH1 and immune checkpoint inhibitors are the furthest along and generating the most excitement. There are additional biomarkers that merit further exploration in hepatobiliary cancers including FGF19, ERRFI1, TERT, BAP1, BRAF, CDKN2A, tumor mutational burden and ERBB2 (HER2/neu). Development of new and innovative therapies would help address the unmet need for effective systemic therapies in advanced and metastatic hepatobiliary cancers.
Hexagonally patterned mixed surfactant-templated room temperature synthesis of titania–lead selenide nanocomposites

Materials science is becoming a more and more important influencer in electronics, as new synthesis methods and new materials are consistently coming to fruition. In particular, templated synthesis schemes offer unique material options, various alignments, and micro- to nanoscale control over morphology. Surfactant and co-surfactant templating, further, offers the ability to synthesize composite materials via phase separation. Currently, nanoscale manipulation of sophisticated functional materials typically requires energy-intensive or time-intensive processes. The present study illustrates the use of a room temperature synthesis of hexagonally patterned lead selenide-titania nanocomposites, utilizing a versatile mixed surfactant-templating approach. We have found that the level of control of the simple bi-surfactant system presented illustrates the tunability of the micro- and nanostructure. The current system also utilizes a room temperature synthesis—not energy intensive—and the kinetics of the titania precursor reaction with water are extremely fast—not time intensive. Furthermore, while simple, this elegant templated synthesis strategy for creating highly organized composite materials has wide applications beyond the one currently reported, including photocatalysis, photonic crystals, sensors, among others. We anticipate our templated synthesis to be a starting point for more sophisticated nanoelectronic devices. For example, the pores can be impregnated with a variety of nanoparticles or many of the same nanoparticles can be synthesized concurrently and be well dispersed within the template. Furthermore, the templated system presented makes use of titania but can be easily adapted for other metal oxide or ceramic systems by simply changing the precursor.
Facilitating Peaceable Schools

The peer mediation program described here was implemented in an elementary school in Normal, Illinois. Programs similar to it had previously been carried out in several other elementary schools in the same community. These efforts were a result of the collaborative thinking of community leaders. They realized the town’s recent growth and progress was accompanied by stressful living and conflict among its increasingly diverse population. Educators were noticing that interpersonal conflicts, whether they originated during school hours or were prompted by difficulties at home or in the neighborhood, interrupted instruction and distracted students from engaging in sustained learning. A group of school administrators, educators, and parents determined a peer mediation program would be one of several strategies that could be carried out in an effort to teach the town’s younger citizens to manage their conflict in positive and constructive ways. University faculty with alternative dispute resolution knowledge and skills agreed to consult with a given elementary school principal; train six elementary school teachers and selected 4th, 5th, and 6th graders in conflict resolution approaches; and assess parents’ perspectives regarding student/child conflict management approaches. With continued mentoring on part of the university faculty, the initially trained teachers and students would subsequently train other teachers and students in their own and other schools in the district.
Clinical efficacy of cabozantinib plus nivolumab (CaboNivo) and CaboNivo plus ipilimumab (CaboNivoIpi) in patients (pts) with chemotherapy-refractory metastatic urothelial carcinoma (mUC) either naïve (n) or refractory (r) to checkpoint inhibitor (CPI).

4528Background: Preliminaryclinical activity of CaboNivo and CaboNivoIpi has been previously reported for mUC pts and other genitourinary tumors. Here, we report longer follow-up data of CaboNivo a...
Causal Strategic Inference in a Game—Theoretic Model of Multiplayer Networked Microfinance Markets

Performing interventions is a major challenge in economic policy-making. We present causal strategic inference as a framework for conducting interventions and apply it to large, networked microfinance economies. The basic solution platform consists of modeling a microfinance market as a networked economy, learning the model using single-sample real-world microfinance data, and designing algorithms for various causal questions. For a special case of our model, we show that an equilibrium point always exists and that the equilibrium interest rates are unique. For the general case, we give a constructive proof of the existence of an equilibrium point. Our empirical study is based on microfinance data from Bangladesh and Bolivia, which we use to first learn our models. We show that causal strategic inference can assist policy-makers by evaluating the outcomes of various types of interventions, such as removing a loss-making bank from the market, imposing an interest-rate cap, and subsidizing banks.
Job displacement and subjective well-being: findings from the American Time Use Survey Well-Being Modules

Using matched cross-sectional data drawn from the 2010 and 2012 Displaced Workers Supplements of the Current Population Surveys and the 2010, 2012, and 2013 American Time Use Survey Well-Being Modules, this paper examines the relationship between job displacement and various measures of subjective well-being by sex. Displaced men report lower levels of life evaluation than nondisplaced men due to the differences in employment, marital status and income, whereas displaced women report lower levels of net affect and happiness and increased pain, sadness, and stress than nondisplaced women, but no difference in their life evaluation. Among men, those displaced by layoffs, not by plant closings, express lower levels of life evaluation than those not displaced, but there is no such difference by cause of displacement among women. The negative relationship between job displacement and subjective well-being decreases over time for both men and women.
Resolution of ångström-scale protein conformational changes by analyzing fluorescence anisotropy.

Conformational changes within typical protein molecules are rapid and small, making their quantitative resolution challenging. These changes generally involve rotational motions and may thus be resolved by determining changes in the orientation of a fluorescent label that assumes a unique orientation in each conformation. Here, by analyzing fluorescence intensities collected using a polarization microscope at a rate of 50 frames per second, we follow the changes of 10−16° in the orientation of a single bifunctional rhodamine molecule attached to a regulator of conductance to K+ (RCK) domain of the MthK channel, and thus, the transitions between its three conformational states, with effective standard deviation (σ) of 2−5°. Based on available crystal structures, the position of the fluorophore’s center differs by 3.4−8.1 A among the states. Thus, the present approach allows the resolution of protein conformational changes involving angstrom-scale displacements. Lewis and Lu present an approach using a rhodamine tag and a polarization microscope to follow 10°–16° rotation of an ɑ-helix, corresponding to 3.4- to 8.1-A translation, from the MthK RCK domain in real time.
Model Based Partitioned Simulation of Coupled Systems

This tutorial paper is extracted from a set of graduate lectures on the time-domain simulation of structural dynamics and coupled systems. This material has also served as a basis for a CISM lecture series on FSI. For the treatment of coupled systems, emphasis is placed on partitioned analysis procedures. Although the subject emerged in the present form over 20 years ago, the time-consuming study of competing formulations and implementations can be streamlined through the use of various tools such as reduction to model equations, and the help of computer algebra systems.
Use of Social Media for Professional Development by Physical Educators Who Teach Students with Disabilities

Faced with a lack of formal professional development, physical educators are turning to social media networks (SMN) to access professional communities and informal professional development. Yet, to...
On Caputo modification of Hadamard-type fractional derivative and fractional Taylor series

In this paper a general framework is presented on some operational properties of Caputo modification of Hadamard-type fractional differential operator along with a new algorithm proposed for approximation of Hadamard-type fractional integral using Haar wavelet method. Moreover, a generalized Taylor expansion based on Caputo–Hadamard-type fractional differential operator is also established, and an example is presented for illustration.