cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endocardial fibroelastosis of the right ventricle in the newborn. Presenting the clinical picture of the hypoplastic right heart syndrome.

Abstract A 12 hour old infant with extensive right ventricular endocardial fibroelastosis presenting with cyanosis and all the clinical features of the hypoplastic right heart syndrome is reported. Anatomically, there were no other associated cardiac defects. Endocardial fibroelastosis of the right ventricle, therefore, must be recognized as another cause of cyanosis in the newborn which may present with all the clinical manifestations of the hypoplastic right heart syndrome. Although many different pathologic entities can produce the hypoplastic right heart syndrome, clinical and hemodynamic features are similar. Since the major physiologic derangement is inadequate blood flow to the lungs in all conditions included in this syndrome, a palliative shunt procedure to increase pulmonary blood flow is indicated in symptomatic patients, regardless of the exact anatomic diagnosis.
Introduction to gauge theories of the strong, weak, and electromagnetic interactions

Arthur Wightman (1968) wrote in the thirteenth edition of the Encyclopaedia Brittanica that “Running through the theoretical speculation since World War II has been the idea that the observed particles are not really elementary but merely the states of some underlying single dynamical system. Such speculations had not led very far by the 1960s.” The past dozen years have seen a revolution in the prevailing view of elementary particle physics. We now believe that a fundamental description of subnuclear physics must be based upon the idea that strongly-interacting particles (hadrons) are composed of quarks. Together with leptons, such as the electron and neutrino, quarks seem to be the elementary particles--at least at the present limits of resolution. It also appears that all of the fundamental interactions of the quarks and leptons are consequences of various gauge symmetries and may be attributed to the exchange of vector bosons.
Luminous Enteric Bacteria of Marine Fishes: a Study of Their Distribution, Densities, and Dispersion

Three taxa of luminous bacteria (Photobacterium fischeri, P. phosphoreum, and Beneckea spp.) were found in the enteric microbial populations of 22 species of surface- and midwater-dwelling fishes. These bacteria often occurred in concentrations ranging between 105 and 107 colony-forming units per ml of enteric contents. By using a genetically marked strain, it was determined that luminous cells entering the fish during ingestion of seawater or contaminated particles traversed the alimentary tract and survived the digestive processes. After excretion, luminous bacteria proliferated extensively on the fecal material and became distributed into the surrounding seawater. Thus, this enteric habitat may serve as an enrichment of viable cells entering the planktonic luminous population.
The Promise of Long Wavelength Radio Astronomy

The past five decades have seen many of the most exciting discoveries in astronomy made at low frequencies. Now, with new ground-based instrument plans and space-based and lunar-based initiatives, the field promises a bright future. There is a challenging list of LF astrophysics problems to be solved and a series of exciting instrumental concepts to investigate them. Solar astronomy, planetary science, the thermal interstellar medium, supernova remnants, pulsars, interstellar-plasma refractive and diffractive scattering, cosmic rays, old fossil electron populations, quasars, radio galaxies, galactic background and halo studies, coherent emission mechanisms, and possible serendipitous discoveries all promise valuable insights at low frequencies. Also, the well understood technology and relatively low cost of low-frequency instruments will allow workers to plan very cost effective programs of ground-based arrays, ground-to-space VLBI, Earth-orbit and deep-space synthesis telescopes, and large mapping arrays on both the near and far side of the Moon.
Functional Imaging of Chemically Active Surfaces with Optical Reporter Microbeads

We have developed a novel approach to allow for continuous imaging of concentration fields that evolve at surfaces due to release, uptake, and mass transport of molecules, without significant interference of the concentration fields by the chemical imaging itself. The technique utilizes optical “reporter” microbeads immobilized in a thin layer of transparent and inert hydrogel on top of the surface. The hydrogel has minimal density and therefore diffusion in and across it is like in water. Imaging the immobilized microbeads over time provides quantitative concentration measurements at each location where an optical reporter resides. Using image analysis in post-processing these spatially discrete measurements can be transformed into contiguous maps of the dynamic concentration field across the entire surface. If the microbeads are small enough relative to the dimensions of the region of interest and sparsely applied then chemical imaging will not noticeably affect the evolution of concentration fields. In this work colorimetric optode microbeads a few micrometers in diameter were used to image surface concentration distributions on the millimeter scale.
SU-E-I-21: Dosimetric Characterization and Image Quality Evaluation of the AIRO Mobile CT Scanner

Purpose: The AIRO Mobile CT system was recently introduced which overcomes the limitations from existing CT, CT fluoroscopy, and intraoperative O-arm. With an integrated table and a large diameter bore, the system is suitable for cranial, spine and trauma procedures, making it a highly versatile intraoperative imaging system. This study is to investigate radiation dose and image quality of the AIRO and compared with those from a routine CT scanner. Methods: Radiation dose was measured using a conventional 100mm pencil ionization chamber and CT polymethylmetacrylate (PMMA) body and head phantoms. Image quality was evaluated with a CATPHAN 500 phantom. Spatial resolution, low contrast resolution (CNR), Modulation Transfer Function (MTF), and Normalized Noise Power Spectrum (NNPS) were analyzed. Results: Under identical technique conditions, radiation dose (mGy/mAs) from the AIRO mobile CT system (AIRO) is higher than that from a 64 slice CT scanner. MTFs show that both Soft and Standard filters of the AIRO system lost resolution quickly compared to the Sensation 64 slice CT. With the Standard kernel, the spatial resolutions of the AIRO system are 3lp/cm and 4lp/cm for the body and head FOVs, respectively. NNPSs show low frequency noise due to ring-like artifacts. Due to a higher dose in terms of mGy/mAs at both head and body FOV, CNR of the AIRO system is higher than that of the Siemens scanner. However detectability of the low contrast objects is poorer in the AIRO due to the presence of ring artifacts in the location of the targets. Conclusion: For image guided surgery applications, the AIRO has some advantages over a routine CT scanner due to its versatility, large bore size, and acceptable image quality. Our evaluation of the physical performance helps its future improvements.
Delayed Translational Silencing of Ceruloplasmin Transcript in Gamma Interferon-Activated U937 Monocytic Cells: Role of the 3′ Untranslated Region

Ceruloplasmin (Cp) is an acute-phase protein with ferroxidase, amine oxidase, and pro- and antioxidant activities. The primary site of Cp synthesis in human adults is the liver, but it is also synthesized by cells of monocytic origin. We have shown that gamma interferon (IFN-gamma) induces the synthesis of Cp mRNA and protein in monocytic cells. We now report that the induced synthesis of Cp is terminated by a mechanism involving transcript-specific translational repression. Cp protein synthesis in U937 cells ceased after 16 h even in the presence of abundant Cp mRNA. RNA isolated from cells treated with IFN-gamma for 24 h exhibited a high in vitro translation rate, suggesting that the transcript was not defective. Ribosomal association of Cp mRNA was examined by sucrose centrifugation. When Cp synthesis was high, i.e., after 8 h of IFN-gamma treatment, Cp mRNA was primarily associated with polyribosomes. However, after 24 h, when Cp synthesis was low, Cp mRNA was primarily in the nonpolyribosomal fraction. Cytosolic extracts from cells treated with IFN-gamma for 24 h, but not for 8 h, contained a factor which blocked in vitro Cp translation. Inhibitor expression was cell type specific and present in extracts of human cells of myeloid origin, but not in several nonmyeloid cells. The inhibitory factor bound to the 3' untranslated region (3'-UTR) of Cp mRNA, as shown by restoration of in vitro translation by synthetic 3'-UTR added as a "decoy" and detection of a binding complex by RNA gel shift analysis. Deletion mapping of the Cp 3'-UTR indicated an internal 100-nucleotide region of the Cp 3'-UTR that was required for complex formation as well as for silencing of translation. Although transcript-specific translational control is common during development and differentiation and global translational control occurs during responses to cytokines and stress, to our knowledge, this is the first report of translational silencing of a specific transcript following cytokine activation.
Visual Adaptation: Increased Efficiency Resulting from Spectrally Distributed Mixtures of Stimuli

Visual adapting stimuli having different spectral distributions are used alone and then mixed together. It is found that the mixture is more effective, as an adapting field, than either component when used alone. This experiment, along with others, supports the following: although the most efficient stimulus for eliciting a visual sensation is "compact" in space, time, and wavelength, the most efficient adapting stimulus tends to be dispersed in each of these dimensions.
Post-partum thyroiditis and goitrous (Hashimoto's) thyroiditis are associated with HLA-DR4

Using new panels of HLA-DR typing sera, we found an increase in the prevalence of HLA-DR4 in 21 patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis (57%) and 32 patients with post-partum thyroiditis (53%) compared to controls (21%). Hashimoto's thyroiditis was previously found to be associated with HLA-DR5 and Dw5. We feel that the doubts raised by this study warrant the study of DR antigens in thyroid autoimmune disease using large panels of specific sera.
Measurements of Young's Modulus of Elasticity of the Canine Aorta with Ultrasound

We have developed an ultrasonic technique for determining the dynamic Young's modulus of elasticity (E) of the canine aorta in vivo. Young's modulus was measured in the descending thoracic aorta (DTA) and the abdominal aorta (AA) of 12 dogs over a range of mean blood pressures from 40 – 200 mm Hg. The vessels were excised and dynamic moduli were determined in vitro post-mortem from pressure-volume curves. The data so obtained were compared to the in vivo values. In vivo and in vitro moduli increased exponentially with mean distending pressure (P). The equation of best fit for these data was of the form E = E0 exp(aP). E0 and a depend on the site of measurement (AA or DTA) and upon the particular animal. In vivo and in vitro moduli were not significantly different in the AA (AA: in vivo E0 = 667 ± 382 mm Hg, a = 0.017 ± 0.004 mm Hg−1; in vitro E0 = 888 ± 367, a = 0.016 ± 0.002). However, in vivo moduli exceeded in vitro moduli in the DTA. (DTA: in vivo E0 = 687 ± 241, a = 0.016 ± 0.004; in vitro E0 = 349 ± 64, a = 0.018 ± 0.003). The increased stiffness of the DTA compared to the AA in vivo may be due to the in situ tethering of the aorta to the spine by the parietal pleura.
RbMn4(AsO4)3: Molten-Salt Synthesis, Structure, and Magnetic Properties of a New Manganese(II) Arsenate

Abstract Crystals of RbMn 4 (AsO 4 ) 3 have been grown in an eutectic flux of CsCl/RbCl. The X-ray single-crystal structure analysis shows that the rubidium manganese(II) arsenate crystallizes in an orthorhombic lattice with a = 10.109(1) A, b = 17.408(1) A, c = 6.552(1) A, and V = 1153.0(2) A 3 ; Pnnm (No. 58); Z = 4. The structure is refined by the least-squares method to a final solution with R / R w /GOF = 0.027/0.032/2.09. The compound is isostructural with KFe 4 (PO 4 ) 3 . The new structure description based on the heteropoly [As 2 Mn 3 O 16 ] structural units and the detailed account of extended framework formation based on Mn–O linkages are given. The Rb cations reside in the channels and coordinate with [6 + 2] oxygen atoms in an unusual geometry of bicapped trigonal prism where two capping O atoms are directed out beyond the opposite triangular faces of the prism. The observed Mn–O bond distances, BVS calculations, and magnetic susceptibility analysis suggest that the title compound contains high-spin, divalent ( d 5 ) manganese cations. An antiferromagnetic transition is observed at ca. 7.5 K. Structure and bonding of RbMn 4 (AsO 4 ) 3 vs KFe 4 (PO 4 ) 3 , with respect to the transition-metal-oxide framework, are discussed. Comparison to the structurally distinct phases of A Mn 4 (AsO 4 ) 3 ( A = Na, K) is briefly presented.
Commentary by Lorenz.

The article, “Measuring the Oral Health of Nursing Home Elders,” describes a useful multidisciplinary approach to address a widespread, complex, and commonly experienced problem of inadequate oral care among nursing home residents. In addition, the findings uncover a larger issue of the disparities in dental insurance coverage and dental care among older adults in the United States by working/retired, race/ethnicity, urban/rural residents, and socioeconomic status. Others have demonstrated that oral disparities begin during childhood and extend through all stages of life. For those most affected, poor oral health has negative consequences on overall health, function, comfort, and quality of life. Older adults are the fastest growing segment of our population and are those that have the highest disease rates and the lowest access to comprehensive oral care. If oral care continues to be lacking in this population, the stress on health care costs will likely increase. Studies have repeatedly found that although nurses and other caregivers state the importance of good oral care, there is insufficient evidence-based knowledge regarding risk factors and consequences of poor oral health. Therefore, this commentary is written following the heuristic “what is already known, what is new, and what now.”
When does tool use become distinctively human? Hammering in young children.

This study examines the development of hammering within an ontogenetic and evolutionary framework using motion-capture technology. Twenty-four right-handed toddlers (19–35 months) wore reflective markers while hammering a peg into a peg-board. The study focuses on the motor characteristics that make tool use uniquely human: wrist involvement, lateralization, and handle use. Older children showed more distally controlled movements, characterized by relatively more reliance on the wrist, but only when hammering with their right hand. Greater age, use of the right hand, and more wrist involvement were associated with higher accuracy; handle use did not systematically change with age. Collectively, the results provide new insights about the emergence of hammering in young children and when hammering begins to manifest distinctively human characteristics.
1,25(OH)2vitamin D3 inhibits cell proliferation by promoting cell cycle arrest without inducing apoptosis and modifies cell morphology of mesenchymal multipotent cells.

The vitamin D receptor (VDR) and its ligand 1,25D, play an important role in regulating cell growth and cell fate. We examined the effect of 1,25D on cell morphology, cell proliferation, cell cycle progression and apoptosis on mesenchymal multipotent cells. Multipotent cells were treated with and without 1,25D in a time and dose dependent manner. Changes in cell morphology were evaluated by a green fluorescence fluorocrome. Cell proliferation was determined by the Formazan assay and PCNA antigen expression. The expression of genes related to the cell cycle was analyzed by DNA microarrays, RT2PCR arrays and western blots. Apoptosis was evaluated by TUNEL assay, and the expression of pro and anti-apoptotic related genes by RT2PCR arrays and western blots. 1,25D inhibited cell proliferation, induced cell cycle arrest, and promoted accumulation of cells in G0/G1 phase without inducing apoptosis. An increase in cell size was associated with a decrease in the GTPase Rho and the atypical Rho family GTPase Rhou/Wrch-1 expression without inducing Wnt-1 expression. Survivin expression was also increased and may represent a novel 1,25D mediated pathway regulating tissue injury and fibrosis. The data provide a mechanistic explanation for the anti-proliferative and anti-apoptototic properties of 1,25D in mesenchymal multipotent cells.
The future of American Unionism

Given the changing structure of the American economy, many people (researchers and practitioners) have become partiucarly interested in the role that labor unions will play as we prepare to enter the twenty‐first century. In this paper, I review some of the basic problems that labour unions have faced in recent years and then outline three alternative scenarios for the future of the labor movement.
Measuring the Disparities between Biology Undergraduates' Perceptions and Their Actual Knowledge of Scientific Literature with Clickers.

Abstract This article demonstrates an innovative method used to determine the need for information literacy among science undergraduate students at Adelphi University. Using clickers technology, this study measured the disconnect between biology undergraduates' perceived and actual knowledge of scientific literature. The quantitative data collected in the clickers sessions clearly show the deficiency of knowledge about the structures and contents of various types of articles published in scientific literature that exists in biology undergraduates. This study reinforces the importance of incorporating information literacy into training and learning processes for science majors.
Fundamentals Of Infrared - A Review

Since the summer of 1959 a one-week intensive course on Fundamentals of Infrared Technology has been offered through the Engineering Summer Conferences, College of Engineering, University of Michigan. That first course was presented by five faculty members* from the Willow Run Laboratories, all of whom are still active in this and/or closely related fields. William Wolfe and I were co-chairman of that course for several years. The course is still given now under the chairmanship of A. J. LaRocca with lecturers largely from ERIM, formerly the Willow Run Laboratories of the University of Michigan. Prof. Wolfe is an active participant.
Competency‐Based Teacher Education in the U.S.A.

(1977). Competency‐Based Teacher Education in the U.S.A. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 31-39.
Lipid transport in the laying hen and the incubating egg

Tracer doses of tripalmitin, C 14 -labeled in both the glycerol and fatty acid moieties, were fed to laying hens over a 3-week period. The radioactivities of triglyceride and phospholipid glycerol and their fatty acids, as well as of the unsaponifiable matter, were determined in various organs and tissues. Similar determinations were carried out on the lipids of eggs from those hens at various stages of incubation. Only 1.3% of the dietary tripalmitin glycerol, but 13.4% of its fatty acids, were transferred to the eggs. Triglyceride transport through the intestinal mucosa and ovary was accompanied by replacement of an appreciable fraction of its glycerol. Phospholipids passed from ovary to eggs without change. The relatively high isotope concentration in the glycerol of carcass glycerides indicates that considerable accumulation of dietary glycerol occurs in adipose tissue. New evidence is presented for the ability of the hen's ovary to synthesize sterols. During incubation, triglycerides were transported from yolk to embryo without change in activity, while phospholipids underwent hydrolysis with loss of glycerol activity. Evidence is presented indicating synthesis of fatty acids and sterols in the embryo.
High-dose B vitamin supplementation as a disease-modifying therapy in Alzheimer disease.

JAMA High-Dose B Vitamin Supplementation and Cognitive Decline in Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial Paul S. Aisen, MD; Lon S. Schneider, MD, MS; Mary Sano, PhD; Ramon Diaz-Arrastia, MD, PhD; Christopher H. van Dyck, MD; Myron F. Weiner, MD; Teodoro Bottiglieri, PhD; Shelia Jin, MD, MPH; Karen T. Stokes, BA, BS; Ronald G. Thomas, PhD; Leon J. Thal, MD; for the Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study Context: Blood levels of homocysteine may be increased in Alzheimer disease (AD) and hyperhomocysteinemia may contribute to disease pathophysiology by vascular and direct neurotoxic mechanisms. Even in the absence of vitamin deficiency, homocysteine levels can be reduced by administration of high-dose supplements of folic acid and vitamins B 6 and B 12 . Prior studies of B vitamins to reduce homocysteine in AD have not had sufficient size or duration to assess their effect on cognitive decline. Objective: To determine the efficacy and safety of B vitamin supplementation in the treatment of AD. Design, Setting, and Patients: A multicenter, randomized, double-blind controlled clinical trial of high-dose folate, vitamin B 6 , and vitamin B 12 supplementation in 409 (of 601 screened) individuals with mild to moderate AD (Mini-Mental State Examination scores between 14 and 26, inclusive) and normal folic acid, vitamin B 12 , and homocysteine levels. The study was conducted between February 20, 2003, and December 15, 2006, at clinical research sites of the Alzheimer Disease Cooperative Study located throughout the United States. Intervention: Participants were randomly assigned to 2 groups of unequal size to increase enrollment (60% treated with high-dose supplements [5 mg/d of folate, 25 mg/d of vitamin B 6 , 1 mg/d of vitamin B 12 ] and 40% treated with identical placebo); duration of treatment was 18 months. Main Outcome Measure: Change in the cognitive subscale of the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog). Results: A total of 340 participants (202 in active treatment group and 138 in placebo group) completed the trial while taking study medication. Although the vitamin supplement regimen was effective in reducing homocysteine levels (mean [SD], −2.42 [3.35] in active treatment group vs −0.86 [2.59] in placebo group; P P = .52; 95% confidence interval of rate difference, −0.06 to 0.12; based on the intention-to-treat generalized estimating equations model), or on any secondary measures. A higher quantity of adverse events involving depression was observed in the group treated with vitamin supplements. Conclusion: This regimen of high-dose B vitamin supplements does not slow cognitive decline in individuals with mild to moderate AD. Trial Registration: clinicaltrials.gov Identifier:NCT00056225 JAMA. 2008;300(15):1774-1783.
EVIDENCE OF A TREATABLE ENDOCRINOPATHY IN INFERTILE MEN

Purpose: We establish whether a subset of infertile men have decreased serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratios and whether this condition can be corrected with an oral aromatase inhibitor.Materials and Methods: The serum testosterone-to-estradiol ratios of 63 men with severe male factor infertility or hypergonadotropic hypogonadism (mean follicle-stimulating hormone 21.2 ± 1.8) were compared with those of an age matched, fertile, control reference group. Of the 63 men 43 were azoospermic with biopsy proved severe male infertility and 20 were oligospermic. The men with the lowest ratios (less than 20th percentile) were treated with 50 to 100 mg. of the aromatase inhibitor testolactone orally twice daily. Testosterone-to-estradiol ratios and semen analyses were evaluated during testolactone therapy.Results: Men with severe male infertility had significantly lower testosterone (328 versus 543 ng./dl., p <0.01) and higher estradiol (58.4 versus 43.5 ng./l., p = 0.01) than fertile control reference subjects, re...
Comparison of the T lymphocyte-dependent induction of angiotensin-converting enzyme and leucine aminopeptidase in cultured human monocytes.

The T lymphocyte-mediated induction of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) in cultured autologous peripheral blood monocytes has been proposed as a model system for the investigation of the in vivo induction of ACE in the monocyte-derived granuloma epithelioid cells of some granulomatous diseases such as sarcoidosis. The studies described here were designed to evaluate the specificity of the model system by comparing the parameters for induction of ACE with those for the induction of another monocyte metallo-ecto-peptidase, leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). The concentration of LAP in freshly isolated monocytes was 0.09 mU/10(6) monocytes (s.e.m. 0.04) and increased to a maximal value of 0.19 mU/10(6) monocytes (s.e.m. 0.32) after 3 days when monocytes were cultured alone. ACE was not detectable in freshly isolated monocytes. However, after 6 days of culture, monocytes contained 0.22 mU ACE/10(6) monocytes (s.e.m. 0.04). Comparison of the levels of ACE and LAP induced during culture of monocytes alone indicated that the induction of these two enzymes were correlated. The induction of both enzymes was further enhanced by the presence of T lymphocytes in a dose-dependent manner. At 4 x 10(6) T lymphocytes per culture, ACE levels increased to 1.81 mU/10(6) monocytes (s.e.m. 0.24) and LAP levels to 1.03 mU/10(6) monocytes (s.e.m. 0.35). The enhancement of ACE activity required autologous lymphocytes, while heterologous T lymphocytes were equally effective in inducing LAP. Comparison of the levels of ACE and LAP induced during coculture of autologous T lymphocytes and monocytes from 21 independent donors, demonstrated no correlation between the induction of ACE and LAP. These data indicate that, although T lymphocytes also enhance the induction of LAP, the underlying mechanism must differ from that of ACE induction.
A note on the maintenance of the atmospheric kinetic energy

The winter simulations of the GLAS climate model and the NCAR community climate model are used to examine the maintenance of the atmospheric kinetic energy. It is found that the kinetic energy is generated in the lower latitudes south of the maximum westerlies, transported northward and then, destroyed in the midlatitudes north of the maximum westerlies. Therefore, the atmospheric kinetic energy is maintained by the counterbalance between the divergence (convergence) of kinetic energy flux and generation (destruction) of kinetic energy in lower (middle) latitudes.
Changing synaptic specificities in the nervous system of Caenorhabditis elegans: differentiation of the DD motoneurons.

During postembryonic development, the DD motoneurons in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans completely reorganize their pattern of synapses. Ablation of a pair of embryonic precursors results in the absence of this entire class of motoneurons. In their absence animals exhibit two developmentally distinct locomotory defects. The transition period from one defect to the other is correlated with the synaptic reorganization of the DD mns. Mutations in a gene (unc-123) have been isolated that exhibit locomotory defects similar to those of the ablated adult animals. Genetic and cellular analyses of one of these alleles suggest that the unc-123 gene product may be involved in the reestablishment of functional synapses in these neurons. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Polarization dependence of the inter-core coupling in triple-core photonic crystal fibers

We investigate both theoretically and experimentally the polarization dependence of the inter-core coupling in triple-core photonic crystal fibers (PCFs). The coupled-mode equations including polarization are developed and solved. The ordinary and extraordinary components of the coupling coefficients are determined through experiments. Inter-core coupling is found to be stronger for light polarized along the line of the three cores. Effects from asymmetric coupling are also observed.
Sea-surface temperature used to predict the relative density of giant Pacific octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) in intertidal habitats of Prince William Sound, Alaska

Productivity linked to upwelling strength is an important environmental factor affecting the production and dynamics of octopus populations. This often takes the form of a negative relationship between octopus abundance and sea-surface temperatures (SST). Enteroctopus dofleini (giant Pacific octopuses) is caught as by-catch in several fisheries, but management for octopuses is data-poor. Visual surveys (in Prince William Sound (PWS) and Puget Sound) showed significant negative correlations of octopus counts with winter SST over the previous 30 months in the waters of eastern Gulf of Alaska, as expected on the basis of life-history parameters. In PWS, local octopus densities varied more than six-fold during the study, and correlations with SST accounted for 48–61% of the variance in counts. Octopus by-catch datasets were not similarly significantly correlated with SST. The negative correlation with SST suggests that octopus populations are influenced by factors regulating marine productivity during larval stages of life history far from the site of recruitment to benthic habitats. Targeted visual surveys for E. dofleini may be more predictable than by-catch statistics, and may be better estimators of variation in octopus abundance.
Effect of hyperbaric oxygenation upon fracture healing in the rat.

Abstract Studies of the healing of standard tibial fractures in rats treated with hyperbaric oxygen for 6 hours per day at 2 atmospheres absolute for from 20 to 26 days postfracture revealed that although callus formation was increased the breaking strength was reduced as compared to atmospheric controls. It is postulated that this may be due to high oxygen pressures altering the lysosomal membrane.
Hook—Schur Functions Analogues of Littlewood's Identities and their Bijective Proofs

We give bijective proofs of the Hook?Schur function analogues of two well-known identities of Littlewood. In the course of our proof, we propose a new correspondence which can be considered as a generalization of the Burge correspondences used in proving the Littlewood identities.
Temperature Dependence of the Width of the Band Gap in Several Photoconductors

The temperature dependence of the width of the forbidden band gap has been determined, between 90\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} and 400\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, for cadmium sulfide, cadmium selenide, cadmium telluride, and zinc selenide, by measurement of photosensitivity as a function of wavelength. The location of the maximum photosensitivity, often very sharp, at the wavelength corresponding approximately to the width of the band gap, makes this method very convenient for the determination. Structure exists in the photosensitivity maxima of cadmium sulfide and cadmium selenide, suggesting the existence of double conduction or valence bands.
Kotani theory for one dimensional stochastic Jacobi matrices

We consider families of operators,Hω, on l2 given by (Hωu)(n)=u(n+1)+u(n−1)+Vω(n)u(n), whereVω is a stationary bounded ergodic sequence. We prove analogs of Kotani's results, including that for a.e. ω,σac(Hω) is the essential closure of the set ofE where γ(E) the Lyaponov index, vanishes and the result that ifVω is non-deterministic, then σac is empty.
Simultaneous Glutamate and Perfusion fMRI Responses to Regional Brain Stimulation

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) rests on the assumption that regional brain activity is closely coupled to regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in vivo. To test the degree of coupling, cortical brain activity was locally stimulated in rats by reversed microdialysis infusion of picrotoxinin, a γ-aminobutyric acid-A antagonist. Before and during the first 30 minutes of infusion, simultaneous fMRI (rCBF) and neurochemical (interstitial glutamate concentration) measures of brain activity were highly correlated (r = 0.83). After 30 minutes of picrotoxinin-induced stimulation, glutamate levels decreased but rCBF remained elevated, suggesting that additional factors modulate the relationship between neuronal neurotransmitters and hemodynamics at these later stages.
Anorectal malformations and Down's syndrome.

Abstract Background/Purpose : Down's syndrome is a common association in patients with anorectal malformations. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the anorectal defect in patients with Down's syndrome had specific characteristics and whether the presence of Down's syndrome represented a serious detriment to the patient's functional prognosis. Methods : Nine hundred eighty-seven patients with anorectal malformations were studied retrospectively. Twenty patients (2%) had Down's syndrome. Nineteen of these (95%) had the same specific type of anorectal defect: imperforate anus with no fistula. This defect has a good prognosis, the rectum is located about 2 cm above the perineal skin, the sacrum is normal, and the sphincter mechanism is good. For comparison, a group of 34 patients with the same defect but without Down's syndrome was also studied. All patients were operated on via posterior sagittal approach by the same surgeon. Results : Imperforate anus without fistula occurs in 5% of all patients with anorectal malformations and in 95% of those patients who also suffer from Down's syndrome. The characteristics of the defect were the same in both groups of patients, and surprisingly, the prognosis was good in both groups (80% to 96% of patients had voluntary bowel movement, 100% had urinary continence). Conclusions : The association of Down's syndrome with imperforate anus without fistula is not coincidental. This particular benign defect can be predicted to occur in most patients with Down's syndrome. The presence of Down's syndrome in cases of anorectal malformations should not be a contraindication to repairing the imperforate anus and to closing the colostomy.
Gas chromatographic identification of sulfur gases in soil atmospheres

Abstract Simple gas Chromatographic methods for identification of sulfur gases in soil atmospheres are described. They involve the use of a flame photometric detector fitted with a sulfur filter and of Teflon columns packed with Chromosorb T and Deactigel. The methods permit identification of 13 volatile sulfur compounds (sulfur dioxide, hydrogen Sulfide, carbon disulfide, carbonyl sulfide, sulfur hexafluoride, methyl mercaptan, ethyl mercaptan, n -butyl mercaptan, dimethyl sulfide, ethyl methyl sulfide, diethyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, and diethyl disulfide) in air containing trace (nanogram) amounts of these compounds, and they are not subject to interference by various gases known to be evolved from soils under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. The Deactigel column is not required if the gas mixture analyzed does not contain hydrogen sulfide or carbonyl sulfide.
Application of a MAX-CUT Heuristic to the Contig Orientation Problem in Genome Assembly

In the context of genome assembly, the contig orientation problem is described as the problem of removing sufficient edges from the scaffold graph so that the remaining subgraph assigns a consistent orientation to all sequence nodes in the graph. This problem can also be phrased as a weighted MAX-CUT problem. The performance of MAX-CUT heuristics in this application is untested. We present a greedy heuristic solution to the contig orientation problem and compare its performance to a weighted MAX-CUT semi-definite programming heuristic solution on several graphs. We note that the contig orientation problem can be used to identify inverted repeats and inverted haplotypes, as these represent sequences whose orientation appears ambiguous in the conventional genome assembly framework.
Effect of Gonadotropins on Corpora Lutea of Pseudopregnant Rabbits11

Single, intravenous injections of various gonadotropic hormone preparations (FSH, HCG or LH) were given to pseudopregnant rabbits to study their effect on weight and histology of the corpora lutea. A relatively large dose of FSH injected on day 9 of pseudopregnancy caused regression of the corpora lutea, whereas the same effect was obtained with relatively small doses of HCG or LH. Luteinizing hormone appeared to be the gonadotropin which most readily caused the regression. The ability of 50 μg of LH to cause degenerative changes of the corpora lutea of pseudopregnancy increased with their age and growth. (Endocrinology 75: 321, 1964)
syNErgy: A Case Study in Workforce Curriculum Development

With high unemployment and structural changes to industry, workforce development in the United States is a growing concern. Many semiskilled workers lack knowledge, skills, and abilities to be comp...
An in situ phosphatizing coating on 2024 T3 aluminum coupons

Toxic chemicals, such as chrome, are commonly used in the application of conversion coatings to various metal surfaces. In situ phosphatizing coatings (ISPCs) are an innovative approach for eliminating the requirement of a conversion coating which ends the need of toxic materials used in a multi-step coating practice. An ISPC is formulated by predispersing an in situ phosphatizing reagent (ISPR) into a paint system. In this study, an ISPR, an arylphosphonic acid, is used in a polyester–melamine paint to react in situ with the metal surface and to provide the acidic catalyst needed, while thermally curing the paint. A second polyester–melamine paint system is used as the control that uses the standard catalyst para-toluenesulfonic acid (p-TSA) to catalyze the cross-linking reaction in the paint. These two paint systems are applied to bare 2024 T3 Al panels and to chromated 2024 T3 Al panels. The coated panels are treated in a corroding media for 2,400 h and monitored periodically using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Results of EIS data and the corresponding electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) show that the ISPC applied to both the chromated and untreated Al panels provide superior corrosion protection. At low frequency (0.01 Hz), the panels coated with the ISPC show 10 000 times more resistance than both the chromated and bare Al panels coated with the control polyester–melamine paint. The corresponding EEC shows that the panels with the control paint applied have double the amount of electrical components (resistors and constant phase elements). A physical interpretation is suggested for the EEC. The paint adhesion to the Al surface and the corrosion behavior are tested by salt-water immersion and salt fog. After the panels are exposed to the salt solution, a pressure tape is applied to test the adhesion. The results show that the ISPC applied on the chromated Al adheres the best. The simultaneous reaction of the ISPR catalyzing the curing of the paint and forming the metal–phosphate layer is the reason for the superior paint performance.
Peripheral Chorioretinal Lesions and Axial Length of the Myopic Eye

Abstract A study of the retinal periphery of 1,437 predominantly myopic eyes revealed a statistically significant association of four types of peripheral chorioretinal degenerations with increased axial length of the eye. These were white without pressure, pigmentary degeneration, pavingstone degeneration, and lattice degeneration. There was a tendency for both white without pressure and lattice degeneration jointly to affect eyes of individuals 19 years of age and younger. Increasing age was a significant factor in the incidence of pigmentary and pavingstone degenerations, whereas aging significantly reduced the prevalence of white without pressure.
Rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta) screams: representational signalling in the recruitment of agonistic aid

Abstract Free-ranging rhesus monkeys on Cayo Santiago (Puerto Rico) give five acoustically distinct scream vocalizations during agonistic encounters. These calls are thought to be an important mechanism in the recruitment of support from allies against opponents. Alliance formation during agonistic encounters is known to vary with the dominance rank and matrilineal relatedness of opponents, as well as with the severity of aggression. In contrast to previous interpretations of screams as graded signals reflecting the level of arousal of the caller, we found these calls to be much more discrete, with each of the five acoustic types significantly associated with a particular class of opponent and level of physical aggression. We performed a series of field experiments in which tape-recorded screams of immature rhesus monkeys were played to their mothers in the absence of any other information. The results suggest that the information necessary for differential responses is conveyed by the scream vocalizations themselves. We conclude that screams are representational signals that refer to external objects and events and function in the system of agonistic alliance formation.
Electronic structure, alloy phase stability and phase diagrams

Abstract We review the relevance of electronic structure calculations to the determination of alloy phase stability and alloy phase diagrams. The Connolly-Williams method, the generalized perturbation method, the embedded cluster method and the method of concentration waves are presented and their main features are discussed and compared. The results of calculations of effective cluster interactions in substitutionally disordered alloys and of phase diagrams for specific alloy systems, e.g. PdRh, PdV and AlLi, are shown and work currently in progress is briefly described.
Epinephrine is metabolized by the spinal meninges of monkeys and pigs.

BackgroundEpinephrine commonly is added to epidural opioids and local anesthetics, however, little is known about the fate of epidurally administered epinephrine. Studies have identified the epinephrine metabolizing enzyme, catechol-O-methyl transferase (COMT), in the cranial meninges of several spe
Radiation complications for Hodgkin's disease and seminoma: Assessing the risk:benefit ratio

With the large Patterns of Care study, however, there appears to be a small frequency of intestinal obstruction secondary to infradiaphragmatic radiotherapy in patients who never had a laparotomy. Other reports in the literature suggest the frequency of small bowel obstruction is greater in patients who had radiotherapy and surgery than in those who had surgery alone.” Additionally small bowel obstruction is a well recognized event and probably the most frequent complication of pelvic radiotherapy for a variety of malignancies, so one might predict an increased frequency in patients having both staging laparotomy and radiotherapy. The frequency of 3% major bowel problems in the Patterns of Care study does not seem very large but even that figure may be more than is necessary. The authors question the necessity for doses greater than 35 Gy in patients with Hodgkin’s disease and seminoma and we would like to further elaborate on this point. Since the majority of patients with seminoma have Stage I disease, the usual problem presented to the radiotherapist is the prophylactic therapy of abdominal nodes or treatment of subclinical disease. The necessity for such treatment is currently being questioned, since it is estimated that only about 10 to 20% of Stage I patients will actually have occult disease in abdominal lymph nodes.’
What is brain fog? An evaluation of the symptom in postural tachycardia syndrome

Purpose Adolescents with postural tachycardia syndrome (POTS) often experience ill-defined cognitive impairment referred to by patients as “brain fog.” The objective of this study was to evaluate the symptom of brain fog as a means of gaining further insight into its etiology and potential palliative interventions.
The social and political origins of German diffusionist ethnology

Diffusionism, an ethnological theory particularly dominant in Germany in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, can be shown to have had roots in the politics and major trends of social development of nineteenth-century Germany as well as in a variety of intellectual tendencies. In particular, it is argued that several important features of diffusionism, especially the concepts of Lebensraum, of “colonization” as a natural process, and of the primacy of agriculture in cultural development, in part developed out of conservative political ideologies and reflected the social origins of the early diffusionists in preindustrial segments of the German middle class.
A roving monitoring processor for detection of control flow errors in multiple processor systems

Abstract This paper presents a new concept of on-line control flow monitoring called Roving Monitoring . This technique utilizes a special purpose roving monitoring processor in order to provide continuous and concurrent checking of instruction level control flow in multiple processor systems. The roving monitoring processor is time shared among several application processors to reduce overall monitoring overhead. The design and implementation of a roving monitoring processor with a novel architecture is presented. The roving monitoring concept is shown to be quite feasible.
Strategic memory in adults with anorexia nervosa: are there similarities to obsessive compulsive spectrum disorders?

Objective: There is growing interest in the relationship between anorexia nervosa (AN) and obsessive-compulsive (OC) spectrum disorders (e.g., OCD, body dysmorphic disorder [BDD]). Previous neuropsychological investigations of OC spectrum disorders have identified problems with the efficient use of strategy on complex measures of learning and memory. This study evaluated nonverbal strategic memory in AN outpatients using an approach previously applied to OC spectrum disorders. Method: Eighteen patients with AN and 19 healthy control participants completed the Rey–Osterrieth Complex Figure Test (RCFT), a widely used measure of nonverbal strategic planning, learning, and memory. Results: Individuals with AN differed significantly from healthy controls in the organizational strategies used to copy the RCFT figure, and they recalled significantly less information on both immediate and delayed testing. Multiple regression analyses indicated that group differences in learning were mediated by copy organizational strategies. Conclusion: These results are identical to study findings in OCD and BDD, indicating important shared neuropsychological features among AN and these OC spectrum disorders. As in OCD and BDD, the essential cognitive deficit in AN was impaired use of organizational strategies, which may inform our understanding of the pathophysiology of AN and potentially offer treatment implications. © 2006 by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Eat Disord 2006
Cytoplasmic Particles in the Killers of Euplotes minuta and their Relationship to the Killer Substance

SYNOPSIS. The killer strains of Euplotes minuta contain cytoplasmic epsilon particles absent in sensitive strains. The toxic principle of killers is associated with large particles which sediment readily in the centrifuge and may be identical with epsilon. Killing particles are inactivated by heat, certain proteolytic enzymes, and lysis with the French press.