cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LEVEL OF WORK AND FELT FAIR PAY: AN EXAMINATION OF TWO OF JAQUES' CONSTRUCTS OF EQUITABLE PAYMENTS

of actual pay. Also, Jaques' construct, felt fair pay, was stable over 3 mo. Areas for research are suggested. Jaques' theory of equitable payment (1961, 1964) postulates that individuals have an intuitive knowledge of their capacity for work, the status of their work in terms of responsibhty and performance, and the appropriateness of their pay. Further, with respect to individual capacity for work, Jaques has hypothesized that capacities for work develop in regular and predictable patterns over time, that it is necessary one work in a role equivalent to one's capacity for work to experience psychological equhbrium in a job and with pay, and that employees do seek jobs that wlll match their level of work with their current capacity for work. He also postulated that the level of work can be measured by identdying an individual's time-span of discretion with respect to decision-malung on the job, and that an indvidual's perception of being fairly paid for a certain level of work can be successfully measured either directly or by examining one's time-span of dscretion and current capacity for work (Jaques, 1964). Unfortunately, although Jaques (1961, 1962, 1964, 1970) and Rchardson (1971) reported success in measuring both time-span of discretion and felt fair pay, others have not found these concepts easy to measure (Hellriegel & French, 1969) and, therefore, the application of Jaques' work has been limited (Belcher, 1974). Most of the work on and problems encountered with Jaques' theory have focused on the time-span of discretion construct (for examples, see Gordon, 1969; Milkovich & Campbell, 1972; Nystrom, 1973) while in the current study individual level of work and fair pay were examined with two questions. Is Jaques' concept of level of work relaced to an individual's actual pay? Is Jaques' construct of fair pay stable?
Studies on the nature of hemophilus influenzae cells susceptible to heritable changes by desoxyribonucleic acids.

In E. influenzae the highly specific desoxyribonucleic acids (DNA's) which play the role of heredity determinants of type specificity and SM resistance, have induced these traits in only a small proportion of the population exposed to their action. The evidence suggests that this small proportion, "the susceptible cells" possess a property or substance needed by the DNA in order to induce an heritable change. The size of the small proportion of susceptible cells can be influenced significantly by a number of factors; when all the factors now to be listed are operating the frequency has not exceeded 1:1000. The Type of Origin of Recipient Cells.—Type a exhibits the lowest frequency, about 1:10,000,000, and type d the highest, approximately 1 per 1000 cells exposed. This type-specific property which controls the frequency of susceptible cells is an inherited trait; repeated change to a heterologous type shows no influence on the incidence of these cells. Concentration of DNA.—Within certain limits increase in the concentration of DNA controlling streptomycin resistance can increase the size of the proportion of cells in which streptomycin resistance can be induced. However, increases in concentrations greater than 10–1 µg. per ml. have not induced streptomycin resistance in a higher proportion of cells. Phase of Growth Cycle.—Predictable fluctuations in frequency of induced heritable changes have been demonstrated in both Rb and Rd populations during growth. There is no evidence that susceptible cells reproduce their kind; they emerge in all experiments when the population reaches the end of the logarithmic period and a density of 2 to 4 x 108 cells per ml. In the early logarithmic phase it is difficult to demonstrate the presence of susceptible cells. The peak frequency of susceptible cells occurs in the early stationary phase of the growth cycle. Thereafter, the decline in frequency is a gradual one. The data suggest that in a given population the same cells are susceptible to a number of different type-specific DNA's and the DNA controlling SM resistance. Comparison of Frequency of Cells Susceptible to Different DNA's.—In a given population the frequency of cells susceptible to different type-specific DNA's and the DNA controlling streptomycin resistance is not significantly different. Competition between Type-Specific DNA's—The data suggest that DNA's of types a, b, and c compete for the same cells in Rd populations. When Rd populations are exposed simultaneously to 2 of these 3 DNA's in different concentrations the proportion which each type contributes to the total type-specific cells induced is closely correlated with the concentration of the corresponding DNA. Exclusion of DNA's.—Induction of one type specificity or streptomycin resistance can be completely prevented in a population containing susceptible cells by previous exposure for 15 minutes to a 1000-fold higher concentration of another type-specific DNA.
SU-FF-T-306: Credentialing Requirements for NSABP B-39 / RTOG 0413

Purpose: NSABP B‐39 / RTOG 0413 is a Phase III trial comparing Whole Breast Irradiation versus Partial Breast Irradiation (PBI). The partial breast arm consists of 3 techniques, 3D Conformal Radiation Therapy, MammoSite and multi‐catheter HDR. For each of these techniques an institution, radiation oncologist and physicist “team” must be credentialed. Credentialing requires completing knowledge assessment and facility questionnaires, importing a DICOM CTimage set, performing a treatment plan using the image set and exporting the images, structures and isodoses to the Image‐Guided Therapy QA Center (ITC). Method & Materials: An institution can obtain the Knowledge Assessment and Facility Questionnaires from the RPC's website (http://rpc.mdanderson.org). These questionnaires can be completed online, emailed, faxed or mailed directly to the RPC. An institution may be credentialed for one or more of the PBI techniques. A CT benchmark case exists for each PBI technique. The institution is required to import the appropriate CTimage set into their treatment planning system. The benchmark must be planned per protocol. The benchmark must then be digitally exported to the ITC along with all required hard copy data. The RPC will review each benchmark case submitted. Once the RPC has completed its review NSABP will be informed that the institution has met the requirements for credentialing and will be allowed to enter patients onto the protocol. Conclusion: The purpose of credentialing is to verify that the radiation oncologist and other personnel involved are familiar with the protocol and can plan a case per protocol prior to placing a patient on protocol. This process enables us to give a “team” feedback prior to treating a patient on the trial potentially enabling us to reduce the number of deviations incurred on the trial. This work was supported by PHS grant CA 10953 awarded by NCI, DHHS.
A reversed context analysis of software piracy issues in Singapore

The level of software piracy and reasons underlying the behavior among students in Singapore was investigated using the reversed context analysis previously used by Moores and Dhillon in a study of Hong Kong. This technique presented the respondents with a set of context statements that describe the buying and using of pirated software in terms of high availability, high cost, and low censure. The contexts were reversed (low availability, low cost, high censure) in order to determine whether targeting one or more of these reasons would lead the respondents to stop the behavior. The same instrument was used here with a sample of 462 students. The results showed general agreement with those of the Hong Kong study, although the level of pirating behavior was lower, with a weaker switch from agreement to disagreement when the context involved cost. A closer examination of the respondents revealed a set of respondents that frequently bought and used pirated software and seemed resistant to any of the reversed scenarios. This suggests that even in culturally similar markets different approaches may be required to combat software piracy.
Immunogenicity of Haemophilus influenzae type b polysaccharide-outer membrane protein conjugate vaccine in patients who acquired Haemophilus disease despite previous vaccination with type b polysaccharide vaccine.

To investigate the basis of the immune defect in children who acquire invasive Haemophilus disease despite previous vaccination with Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) polysaccharide vaccine, we determined the ability of vaccine failure patients with low levels of serum anticapsular antibody ( p p p
Shaping the Display of the Future: The Effects of Display Size and Curvature on User Performance and Insights

ABSTRACT As display technology continues to improve, there will be an increasing diversity in the available display form factors and scales. Empirical evaluation of how display attributes affect user perceptions and performance can help designers understand the strengths and weaknesses of different display forms, provide guidance for effectively designing multiple display environments, and offer initial evidence for developing theories of ubiquitous display. Although previous research has shown user performance benefits when tiling multiple monitors to increase the number of pixels, little research has analyzed the performance and behavioral impacts of the form factors of much larger, high-resolution displays. This article presents two experiments in which user performance was evaluated on a high-resolution (96 DPI), high pixel-count (approximately 32 million pixels) display for single-user scenarios in both flat and curved forms. We show that for geospatial visual analytics tasks there is a benefit to la...
All-atomic Molecular Dynamic Studies of Human CDK8: Insight into the A-loop, Point Mutations and Binding with Its Partner CycC

Abstract The Mediator, a conserved multisubunit protein complex in eukaryotic organisms, regulates gene expression by bridging sequence-specific DNA-binding transcription factors to the general RNA polymerase II machinery. In yeast, Mediator complex is organized in three core modules (head, middle and tail) and a separable ‘CDK8 submodule’ consisting of four subunits including Cyclin-dependent kinase CDK8 (CDK8), Cyclin C (CycC), MED12, and MED13. The 3-D structure of human CDK8–CycC complex has been recently experimentally determined. To take advantage of this structure and the improved theoretical calculation methods, we have performed molecular dynamic simulations to study dynamics of CDK8 and two CDK8 point mutations (D173A and D189N), which have been identified in human cancers, with and without full length of the A-loop, as well as the binding between CDK8 and CycC. We found that CDK8 structure gradually loses two helical structures during the 50-ns molecular dynamic simulation, likely due to the presence of the full-length A-loop. In addition, our studies showed the hydrogen bond occupation of the CDK8 A-loop increases during the first 20-ns MD simulation and stays stable during the later 30-ns MD simulation. Four residues in the A-loop of CDK8 have high hydrogen bond occupation, while the rest residues have low or no hydrogen bond occupation. The hydrogen bond dynamic study of the A-loop residues exhibits three types of changes: increasing, decreasing, and stable. Furthermore, the 3-D structures of CDK8 point mutations D173A, D189N, T196A and T196D have been built by molecular modeling and further investigated by 50-ns molecular dynamic simulations. D173A has the highest average potential energy, while T196D has the lowest average potential energy, indicating that T196D is the most stable structure. Finally, we calculated theoretical binding energy of CDK8 and CycC by MM/PBSA and MM/GBSA methods, and the negative values obtained from both methods demonstrate stability of CDK8–CycC complex. Taken together, these analyses will improve our understanding of the exact functions of CDK8 and the interaction with its partner CycC.
Welcome/beware: A structured activity for use in the initial stages of counseling and therapy groups

Abstract This article describes a structured group activity that helps to achieve the developmental tasks in the initial stages of counseling and therapy groups. Participants of WELCOME/BEWARE construct, display, and discuss two signs: One that portrays the individual's positive attributes or invites a personal relationship and one that presents the person's negative attributes, or cautions fellow members of possible adverse aspects of the relationship. The author describes the activity's purpose, group size, time requirements, physical setting, and materials needed, discusses the group process, and suggests variations of the activity.
Flash hydrogenation of coal. 1. Experimental methods and preliminary results

Abstract A laboratory reactor system has been developed for the determination of products obtainable from the flash heating of raw coal in flowing hydrogen at pressures up to 100 atm. The system provides for control of heating rate, solids-contact time and vapour-product residence time. A comparison of results in which each of these time parameters was varied in turn illustrates their importance in determining the yields of alkanes and single-ring aromatics.
Lumbar traction: a review of the literature.

Lumbar traction is commonly used to treat patients with back pain. Typically, clinicians rely on expert opinion in making decisions about when and how to implement lumbar traction. The purpose of this paper was to review current knowledge of lumbar traction and to identify what, if any, empirical evidence supports the expert opinions. This review found that whereas the mechanical effects of lumbar traction are well substantiated, the results of studies examining clinical effectiveness are conflicting. The failure to conclusively demonstrate the clinical benefit of lumbar traction may be related to the varied diagnostic categories and treatment techniques employed in the studies. Of the 10 types of lumbar traction described in the literature, static and intermittent mechanical traction are the two most commonly used. Indications, contraindications, and treatment techniques for these two types of traction are discussed. Based on the findings of this review, further study is needed to determine optimal treat...
The Toxicity of Br. abortus for Mice.

Summary The intraperitoneal inoculation of mice with suitable doses of Br. abortus results in death in one to four days. There is a definite relationship between this toxicity for mice and virulence as judged by the ability to infect guinea-pigs, virulent strains being more toxic. The cause of the toxicity has been discussed.
Bound States of Envelope Solitons in Coupled Nonlinear Schrödinger Equations

Interaction of strongly and weakly overlapping solitons of two independent modes is analyzed in the framework of a system of coupled nonlinear Schrodinger equations with oscillating terms. A Hamiltonian formulation is employed. Our analysis reveals that the solitons form a strongly bound state with their centers coincident and weakly bound states with their centers separated from each other.
Molecular cloning of the E1β subunit of the rat branched chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase

Abstract The rat liver E1β subunit of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex has been cloned and sequenced. The amino acid sequence is highly conserved between rat, human and bovine forms of the protein. The β subunits of the branched-chain α-ketoacid dehydrogenase complex from rat and Pseudomonas putida, and the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex from human and Bacillus subtilis show sequence similarities which are shared with two other thiamine pyrophosphate-dependent enzymes, yeast (Hansenula polymorpha) formaldehyde transketolase and human transketolase. These similarities suggest that the β subunits may be involved in thiamine pyrophosphate binding.
Design of a resistively loaded modulated scatterer for ground penetrating radar measurements

A broadband resistively loaded modulated scatterer (RLMS) is developed for ground penetrating radar experiments and optimized to reflect signals that are high in strength and have a flat frequency response with a linear phase variation. The linear phase makes the scattering compact in time and easily interpreted in the time-domain. A novel method of measuring the modulation with a standard network analyzer is presented, and two example measurements are presented. The RLMS is used to measure the two-way pattern of a pair of Resistive-Vee dipole antennas, and to measure the response of a scatterer in soil with a moving water table. The RLMS performs well in these experiments. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 56:1557–1561, 2014
Baryon-antibaryon annihilation in the Skyrme model.

The dynamics of Skyrmion-anti-Skyrmion annihilations in 3+1 dimensions is examined by the numerical integration of the classical Hamilton equations of motion. The baryon number is found to disappear extremely rapidly, close to the causal limit, while the energy distribution still remains concentrated in the annihilation region. The emission of pion waves emitted by the annihilation process is investigated.
Satellite observations of a pacific moisture surge associated with flooding in Las Vegas

A severe storm struck Las Vegas, Nevada, on July 8, 1999 causing widespread flooding and leading to a loss of life. SSM/I and GOES satellite observations reveal that this event was associated with a moisture surge originating in the tropical eastern Pacific. An evaluation of SSM/I and GOES imagery from June through September 1999 indicates that several moisture surges occurred during the North American monsoon season, seldom reaching Las Vegas, but sometimes pushing tropical moisture as far north as Lake Tahoe. The ability to identify and track these surges offers possibilities for improved understanding of the conditions leading to devastating storm events in northwestern Mexico and the southwestern United States.
CURVBRG: A program for analysis of curved I-girder bridges

Abstract A computer program for structural analysis of open girder (i.e. I-section) bridge super-structures is described. The program is based on a plane grid idealization, in which the effects of warping torsion are considered rationally, and in which structural components such as diaphragms and braced (truss type) cross frames are idealized by essentially exact procedures. The bridge may be of arbitrary shape in plan, the girders may be of variable cross section along their length, and changes in form of the structure as construction progresses may be considered. Deflections, stress resultants and stresses can be determined for static loads, support settlement effects and moving live loads. The structural idealization procedure and theory are explained, the features of a computer program developed to apply the method are described, and comparisons are made between the computed behavior and that observed in a model test.
Child and adolescent group psychotherapy: A narrative review of effectiveness and the case for meta-analysis

A summary of existing reviews addressing the effectiveness of psychotherapy with children and adolescents is provided, emphasizing three facets: 1) the effectiveness of psychotherapy in general with children and adolescents, 2) narrative reviews addressing the effectiveness of group psychotherapy with this population, and 3) meta-analyses of individual and group psychotherapy with children and adolescents. While narrative reviews point out methodological flaws and shortcomings in the literature making it difficult to arrive at effectiveness conclusion, meta-analyses indicate that group psychotherapy with children and adolescents is effective. The implications of these findings for managed mental health care and future research are considered.
Euclidean distance matrices: special subsets, systems of coordinates and multibalanced matrices

In this paper we present special subsets of positive semidefinite matrices where the linear function k becomes a geometric similarity and its inverse can be easily computed. The images of these special subsets are characterized geometrically. We also study the systems of coordinates for spherical matrices and at the end, we introduce the class of multibalanced distance matrices.
Prospective memory and aging: preserved spontaneous retrieval, but impaired deactivation, in older adults

Prospective remembering is partially supported by cue-driven spontaneous retrieval processes. We investigated spontaneous retrieval processes in younger and older adults by presenting prospective memory target cues during a lexical decision task following instructions that the prospective memory task was finished. Spontaneous retrieval was inferred from slowed lexical decision responses to target cues (i.e., intention interference). When the intention was finished, younger adults efficiently deactivated their intention, but the older adults continued to retrieve their intentions. Levels of inhibitory functioning were negatively associated with intention interference in the older adult group, but not in the younger adult group. These results indicate that normal aging might not compromise spontaneous retrieval processes but that the ability to deactivate completed intentions is impaired.
fog-2 and the Evolution of Self-Fertile Hermaphroditism in Caenorhabditis

Somatic and germline sex determination pathways have diverged significantly in animals, making comparisons between taxa difficult. To overcome this difficulty, we compared the genes in the germline sex determination pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans and C. briggsae, two Caenorhabditis species with similar reproductive systems and sequenced genomes. We demonstrate that C. briggsae has orthologs of all known C. elegans sex determination genes with one exception: fog-2. Hermaphroditic nematodes are essentially females that produce sperm early in life, which they use for self fertilization. In C. elegans, this brief period of spermatogenesis requires FOG-2 and the RNA-binding protein GLD-1, which together repress translation of the tra-2 mRNA. FOG-2 is part of a large C. elegans FOG-2-related protein family defined by the presence of an F-box and Duf38/FOG-2 homogy domain. A fog-2-related gene family is also present in C. briggsae, however, the branch containing fog-2 appears to have arisen relatively recently in C. elegans, post-speciation. The C-terminus of FOG-2 is rapidly evolving, is required for GLD-1 interaction, and is likely critical for the role of FOG-2 in sex determination. In addition, C. briggsae gld-1 appears to play the opposite role in sex determination (promoting the female fate) while maintaining conserved roles in meiotic progression during oogenesis. Our data indicate that the regulation of the hermaphrodite germline sex determination pathway at the level of FOG-2/GLD-1/tra-2 mRNA is fundamentally different between C. elegans and C. briggsae, providing functional evidence in support of the independent evolution of self-fertile hermaphroditism. We speculate on the convergent evolution of hermaphroditism in Caenorhabditis based on the plasticity of the C. elegans germline sex determination cascade, in which multiple mutant paths yield self fertility.
Laboratory Measurements of Electrostatic Solitary Structures Generated by Beam Injection

Electrostatic solitary structures are generated by injection of a suprathermal electron beam parallel to the magnetic field in a laboratory plasma. Electric microprobes with tips smaller than the Debye length (${\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{De}}$) enabled the measurement of positive potential pulses with half-widths 4 to $25{\ensuremath{\lambda}}_{\mathrm{De}}$ and velocities 1 to 3 times the background electron thermal speed. Nonlinear wave packets of similar velocities and scales are also observed, indicating that the two descend from the same mode which is consistent with the electrostatic whistler mode and result from an instability likely to be driven by field-aligned currents.
John Howland Award Acceptance Address: From the American Pediatric Society, April 26,1978, New York, New York

John Howland Award Acceptance Address: From the American Pediatric Society, April 26,1978, New York, New York
A Call to Action for Antimicrobial Stewardship in the Emergency Department: Approaches and Strategies

Antimicrobial resistance is a mounting public health concern. Emergency departments (EDs) represent a particularly important setting for addressing inappropriate antimicrobial prescribing practices, given the frequent use of antibiotics in this setting that sits at the interface of the community and the hospital. This article outlines the importance of antimicrobial stewardship in the ED setting and provides practical recommendations drawn from existing evidence for the application of various strategies and tools that could be implemented in the ED including advancement of clinical guidelines, clinical decision support systems, rapid diagnostics, and expansion of ED pharmacist programs.
Dextrin adsorption by oxidized coal

Abstract Dextrin can be used as a depressant to varying degrees of success in the differential flotation of pyrite from coal. The objective of this investigation has been further identification of physico-chemical factors that control the adsorption of dextrin by coal. The research program involved oxidation of coal samples (both natural and demineralized), determination of oxygen functional groups (carboxylic and phenolic), characterization of coal samples in terms of their hydrophobic character and in terms of their electrokinetic behavior, and measurement of dextrin adsorption densities as related to the oxygen group content. Experimental results support previous suggestions that dextrin exhibits Langmuir adsorption behavior with hydrophobic bonding. The more hydrophobic demineralized coal was found to exhibit an adsorption density twice the adsorption density of natural coal. In both cases the extent of adsorption decreased with an increased level of oxidation but was largely independent of pH. Adsorption free energies of about −5.5 kcal/mol, independent of the extent of oxidation, were calculated.
Methane sources and sinks in paddy rice soils: relationship to emissions

Abstract Methane sources and sinks in a Louisiana rice soil and how they relate to atmospheric emissions were quantified. Total methane emission from the plant-soil system was compared with methane emission from surface soil between drill rows of rice (Oryza sativa L.). Results showed that over 95% of methane emitted to the atmosphere was through the rice plant. Average emission through the plant-soil system was 300 mg CH4 m−2 day−1 and 826 mg CH4 m−2 day−1 for the first and ratoon crops, respectively. By comparison average methane emission from soil between drill rows was 2.1 mg CH4 m−2 day−1 for the first crop and 12.7 mg CH4 m−2 day−1 for the ratoon crop. Significant methane oxidation was measured in the surface oxidized layer in the soil profile between drill rows. Treatment with methylfluoride inhibitor showed that methane emission from the soil would be five to ten times greater if oxidation did not occur in the surface layer. Laboratory studies of methane oxidation (also using methylfluoride) showed that approximately 30% of the methane in the rice root rhizosphere was being oxidized by methanotrophs. Results showed that methane oxidation in the surface oxidized soil layer and in the root rhizosphere play an important role on limiting atmospheric methane emissions from Louisiana paddy soils.
Optical gain in erbium lithium niobate titanium diffused waveguides

In this effort, we describe our recent progress towards demonstrating optical gain in erbium-doped lithium niobate and its potential for use in Erbium-Doped Waveguide Amplifiers (EDWAs) and lasers. By introducing erbium into lithium niobate, we have the potential for both gain at telecom wavelengths and electro-optic modulation in a single material. This has many possible applications, including high speed, narrow band tunable lasers for RF generation and other applications. We focus on lithium niobate grown in the presence of erbium available with a uniform doping profile from Roditi International. In this work we discuss photoluminescence, amplified spontaneous emission, gain, and lasing in titanium-indiffused waveguides.
Utilization and cost of immunotherapy for allergic asthma and rhinitis

Background Allergic rhinitis and asthma are important sources of morbidity among adults and children. Although immunotherapy is sometimes used to treat these conditions, there is little information on its use, adherence, or cost in the general population. Objective We sought to characterize the recipients of immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis and/or asthma with respect to their immunotherapy and utilization of health care services. Methods A combination of automated and manually extracted data was used to identify HMO members with diagnoses of allergic rhinitis or asthma who were treated with immunotherapy. Costs associated with immunotherapy and related care were examined by linear regression. Proportional hazards and Kaplan-Meier plots were used to evaluate duration of therapy. Results Of the 122,196 persons with a diagnosis of asthma or rhinitis, 2,667 were also treated with immunotherapy. Eligibility criteria were satisfied by 603 individuals who had 28,266 encounters for immunotherapy (median 48). Most patients (>80%) were treated with multiple allergens; ragweed was the most common single allergen administered. Thirty-three percent of patients with sufficient observation time completed the intended course of 61 immunotherapy treatments. Females and younger patients had shorter durations of immunotherapy. The most common reason for discontinuation of therapy was patient's decision (54%). Immunotherapy costs were related most strongly to costs for care of rhinitis and asthma. Prescription drugs accounted for more than 50% of the non-immunotherapy costs; hospitalizations accounted for less than 20%. Conclusions Approximately 2% of HMO members with an asthma or rhinitis diagnosis received immunotherapy. Although screened to optimize compliance, most patients did not complete immunotherapy. Costs of non-immunotherapy care were higher for individuals who completed immunotherapy which is consistent with more severe disease in this group.
Use of flow cytometry to extend and improve in vivo determinations of microvessel hematocrit and cell flux.

Abstract The use of fluorescent-erythrocyte tracer methods for estimating microvascular variables has been extended and improved by using flow cytometry. With cell tracer methods, the precision of estimates of cell flux, hematocrit, etc. is dependent on the labeled-cell fraction ( p ). In larger arterioles, high cell flux and the requirement to identify each labeled cell mandate the use of very low labeled-cell fractions. Precise microvascular estimates require high total cell counts in the estimation of p . This is not practical to do manually, but can be accomplished by flow cytometry. Determinations of p in experimental samples were made by both flow cytometry and microscopy. These values were compared to each other and to calculated values. In the range 0.0045 p p ) in vivo . Flow cytometry counts will resolve p > 0.00001 for rhodamine-labeled-cell fractions and p > 0.0002 for fluorescein-labeled-cell fractions. Rhodamine-labeled-cell fraction samples analyzed when fresh or after 1–3 weeks storage in RPMI 1640 media (GIBCO) gave p values which agreed to within 4%. We identify the use of rhodamine-labeled cells as a simple yet powerful method of rare-event analysis for many in vivo applications.
Evidence that a putative necrotoxin of Erwinia amylovora is an artifact caused by the activity of inorganic salts

Pear cell-suspension cultures (PCSC) inoculated with pathogenic strains of Erwinia amylovora developed necrosis in 4–10 days. Necrotoxin preparations, produced by fractionation of necrotic PCSC, induced necrosis of pear seedling cuttings and inhibited the growth of PCSC. Fractionation of PCSC medium yielded a fraction that induced similar responses. Solutions of the inorganic salts used in the medium, similar in electrical conductivity to the necrotoxin preparations, affected pear seedling cuttings and PCSC in a manner that was indistinguishable from that of necrotoxin preparations. Toxic activity was retained following destruction of the organic compounds of a necrotoxin preparation by ashing. Upon fractionation of necrotoxin preparations by gel-permeation chromatography, all toxic activity migrated with the low molecular weight fractions that contained inorganic salts. Therefore, the toxic activity of the necrotoxin preparation was due to the inorganic salts from the tissue culture medium, concentrated to toxic levels by the purification procedures. No phytotoxin of bacterial origin was found in our preparations.
LCIB in the Chlamydomonas CO 2 -concentrating mechanism

The CO2-concentrating mechanism confers microalgae a versatile and efficient strategy for adapting to a wide range of environmental CO2 concentrations. LCIB, which has been demonstrated as a key player in the eukaryotic algal CO2-concentrating mechanism (CCM), is a novel protein in Chlamydomonas lacking any recognizable domain or motif, and its exact function in the CCM has not been clearly defined. The unique air-dier growth phenotype and photosynthetic characteristics in the LCIB mutants, and re-localization of LCIB between different subcellular locations in response to different levels of CO2, have indicated that the function of LCIB is closely associated with a distinct low CO2 acclimation state. Here, we review physiological and molecular evidence linking LCIB with inorganic carbon accumulation in the CCM and discuss the proposed function of LCIB in several inorganic carbon uptake/accumulation pathways. Several new molecular characteristics of LCIB also are presented.
A garnet-two-mica granite, Coyote Mountains, southern Arizona: Geologic setting, uranium-lead isotopic systematics of zircon, and nature of the granite source region

The 58-m.y.-old Pan Tak Granite, considered representative of the widespread early Tertiary garnet-two-mica granites of south-central Arizona, consists of biotite and muscovite-biotite granite intruded by garnet-muscovite and garnet-biotite granite and associated pegmatite. Textural evidence indicates that muscovite is a primary, magmatic mineral. The granite was intruded into Jurassic dioritic to granitic rocks and Paleozoic metasedimentary rocks during a latest Cretaceous and early Tertiary regional metamorphic episode. Part of the pluton was subsequently mylonitized during an early or middle Tertiary deformational episode of “metamorphic-core-complex” aspect. The fabrics produced by these two metamorphic episodes differ in distribution, style, orientation, and, probably, age. The zircon population of the Pan Tak Granite consists of a mixture of small euhedral crystals and larger, rounded crystals with or without overgrowths. Uranium-lead isotopic ratios of five size fractions of discordant zircon define a chord with a lower concordia intercept age of 58 ± 2 m.y. and a late Precambrian upper intercept. 207 Pb*/ 206 Pb* ages range from 214 m.y. for the finest fraction to 434 m.y. for the coarsest fraction. The Pan Tak discordia is interpreted as a mixing line between 58-m.y.-old magmatic zircon and an older zircon component largely or entirely of late Precambrian age. Geologic and isotopic evidence indicates that this older zircon component was not assimilated from the country rocks but, rather, was inherited from the source material of the granite. The presence of this inherited zircon indicates that the Pan Tak magma was produced by melting of crustal rocks containing late Precambrian zircon. This source material was probably the 1.7- to 1.4-b.y.-old crystalline basement of south-central Arizona. Generation of the Pan Tak and related granites by crustal anatexis was one aspect of a latest Cretaceous to early Tertiary orogenic episode in south-central Arizona.
Low-energy photoionization of alkali-metal atoms: Relativistic random-phase-approximation calculations

A complete theoretical survey of low-energy photoionization cross sections, angular asymmetry, and spin-polarization parameters for the ground states of the alkali-metal atoms Li, Na, K, Rb, and Cs, including virtual core excitations in a gauge-independent relativistic random-phase approximation (RRPA) is presented and compared with length- and velocity-form Dirac-Fock results and with available experimental data. The ab initio RRPA formulation substantially improves the agreement of cross sections with experiment at energies above the Cooper minimum.
Robust H ∞ fault-tolerant control of uncertain singular bilinear systems with time-delay

In this paper, the characteristic is the complexity of the system, as a nonlinear system, the system is similar to the linear system. Not only does the system have the value in research, but also for practical application is also important. Time-delays and uncertainties are the two phenomena often appear in the systems. When an actuator failure appears, the system can maintain stability and satisfy the performance index γ by the feedback controller. In the design process, it chooses the weight matrix Q properly in the Riccati equation to process the bilinear terms, and we can get matrix P. Finally, a simulated example verifies that the conclusion is valid.
Abstract 4210: An osteopontin promoter polymorphism is associated with aggressiveness in breast cancer.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Background: Like cancer initiation, cancer progression and metastasis are genetically programmed. However, unlike oncogenes metastasis genes are deregulated in cancer by aberrant expression or splicing. We have previously described splicing of the metastasis gene osteopontin in cancers. Here we have analyzed polymorphic sites in the osteopontin promoter as potential contributors to aberrant expression in breast cancers. Methods: This study comprised 241 breast cancer specimens, for 111 of which DNA from normal surrounding tissue was available, and 65 healthy breast samples. One probe set tested the polymorphic promoter sites -66, -443, -1748 and -1776. For comparison, we also investigated non-synonymous DNA sequence variations in the coding region positions 305, 367, 794 and 1025. Results: The polymorphic sites in positions -66 and 305 were not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and hence were not included in further analyses. The polymorphic site in position -443 of the promoter was associated with tumor grade. Expectedly, there was no association of the promoter SNPs with tumor stage or with in situ carcinoma versus cancer, as stage and early transformation are determined by the sampling time more than by tumor genetics. In a subset of samples, osteopontin expression levels had previously been obtained. The allelic distribution in positions -443 and -1748 was distinct between high and low expressors, confirming the importance of promoter SNPs. These two sites also form a haplotype. Osteopontin expression has been associated with breast cancer progression, regardless of the histologic subtype of the cancer. Remarkably, the polymorphic site at -443, but not -1748 or -1776, showed differences between ER positive and ER negative breast cancers and between PR positive and PR negative breast cancers, but there was no association with HER2 status. In five cases, the genotype of the tumor was different from the genotype of the host, implying the possibility of somatic mutations in the osteopontin promoter that may affect expression. The polymorphic sites in positions 367, 794, and 1025 showed one homozygous genotype for all specimens in this study. Conclusion: Our results show that the osteopontin promoter SNPs -443 (rs11730582) and -1748 (rs2728127) are important for gene expression and tumor aggressiveness. Citation Format: Georg F. Weber, Divya Ramchandani. An osteopontin promoter polymorphism is associated with aggressiveness in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4210. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4210
Entrainment of circadian activity rhythms in mice by electrostatic fields.

MANY physiological processes in plants and animals are rhythmic, that is, they undergo a 24 h sequence of change at the end of which the initial situation has been re-established. Furthermore, these rhythms almost always persist in the absence of temperature and light–dark cycles. These persistent rhythms are said to be timed by the organism's biological clock1.
BREAST MILK JAUNDICE REVISITED: NO ROLE FOR B-GLOCORONIDASE OR “UNSTIMULATED LIPASE”

To date, the milk factor(s) repsonsible for breast milk jaundice (BMJ) has not been found. The lipases of human milk, lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and bile salt-stimulated lipase (BSSL), require specific activators, apoprotein CII for LPL and primary bile salts for BSSL. It has been suggested that, in BMJ milks, one or both lipases are active in the absence of activator [unstimulated lipase activity (USL) (Pediatr Res 14:1328, 1980)]. More recently, It has been reported that milk β-glucuronldase (β-glu) may be the causative agent (Lancet 1:644, 1986). We have reexamined these questions by analyzing β-glu activity and lipase activity [using highly sensitive techniques (Biochim Biophys Acta 878:209, 1986) for quantitation of stimulated and unstimulated LPL and BSSL activity] in milk samples from 13 mothers of infants with BMJ and 4 mothers of healthy infants. The following results (means and ranges, expressed as umol free fatty acids/min/ml milk for lipases and modified Sigma units/ml for β-glu) were obtained: Within-feed variation in milk collection does not affect the level of β-glu, the activity being 100 (48-189), 115 (48-233), and 132 (54-230) units in fore, mid and hind milk, respectively. These data show that the levels of β-glu, BSSL, LPL and USL activity are not higher in BMJ than in normal milks; therefore, a role for these enzymes in the etiology of BMJ is unlikely. (Supported by NIH grant HO 20833.)
Coaching Valuable Systems Engineering Behaviors

The JPL Systems Engineering Advancement (SEA) Project was launched in FY2004 to advance the practice of systems engineering at JPL, and to address the three key aspects of change: people, process and technology. A significant portion of the People component of the SEA Project is devoted to systems engineering training. The SEA trains systems engineers according to a three-pronged systems engineering competency model. This competency model includes technical domain knowledge, understanding of systems engineering standards, processes and practices, and highly valued behavioral attributes. The SEA Project utilized a rigorous process to identify a list of highly valued personal behaviors of systems engineers. The process yielded common themes and clusters of competencies with associated behaviors. The behavioral attributes fall into four broad themes: leadership, communication, problem solving and systems thinking, and attitudes and attributes. This paper summarizes the method, findings, and conclusions of the study of behavioral competencies of highly regarded systems engineers at JPL. It details the competencies and associated behaviors for each of the themes in depth, and discusses the Lab's experience to date in coaching and inculcating these behaviors into systems engineers on the job.
The C5a complement activation peptide increases IL-1β and IL-6 release from amyloid-β primed human monocytes: implications for Alzheimer’s disease

Abstract Alzheimer’s disease (AD) brains contain large numbers of amyloid-β peptide (Aβ) deposits associated with activated microglia, astrocytes and dystrophic neurites. Activated complement components and pro-inflammatory cytokines are also present, indicative of focal inflammation. However, neither Aβ, nor the chemokine-like mediator, C5a, which is generated by Aβ-mediated complement activation, significantly activates microglia, as assessed by pro-inflammatory cytokine release. We evaluated the possibility that both together would co-stimulate such release using the THP-1 human monocytic cell line as a microglial surrogate, and found this to be the case. These studies support the hypothesis that Aβ and C5a induce a chronic microglia-mediated focal inflammatory response in AD.
Solar heating of the Martian dusty atmosphere

This paper examines the solar heating of the Martian atmosphere during the 1971 global dust storm observed by Mariner 9. Radiative scattering as well as absorption is included by utilizing the delta-Eddington approximation to the full radiative transfer equation. The necessary optical parameters are generated by a Mie program which uses a size distribution and a complex refractive index inferred from a number of sources, particularly from recent analyses of Mariner 9 UVS and TV observations. When uniform mixing of the dust is assumed, the solar heating per unit mass during a Martian global dust storm is remarkably uniform with height for small solar zenith angles. Heating rates may reach 80 K/day for overhead sunlight. Overall, 20% of the direct insolation is absorbed by the dust-laden atmosphere. Even optically thin widespread dust hazes may produce heating rates of several degrees Kelvin per day.
Comparison of three GPCR structural templates for modeling of the P2Y12 nucleotide receptor

The P2Y12 receptor (P2Y12R) is an ADP-activated G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) that is an important target for antithrombotic drugs. Three homology models of P2Y12R were compared, based on different GPCR structural templates: bovine rhodopsin (bRHO), human A2A adenosine receptor (A2AAR), and human C-X-C chemokine receptor type 4 (CXCR4). By criteria of sequence analysis (25.6% identity in transmembrane region), deviation from helicity in the second transmembrane helix (TM2), docked poses of ligands highlighting the role of key residues, accessibility of a conserved disulfide bridge that is reactive toward irreversibly-binding antagonists, and the presence of a shared disulfide bridge between the third extracellular loop (EL3) and the N-terminus, the CXCR4-based model appeared to be the most consistent with known characteristics of P2Y12R. The docked poses of agonist 2MeSADP and charged anthraquinone antagonist PSB-0739 in the binding pocket of P2Y12R-CXC agree with previously published site-directed mutagenesis studies of Arg256 and Lys280. A sulfonate at position 2 of the anthraquinone core created a strong interaction with the Lys174(EL2) side chain. The docking poses of the irreversibly-binding, active metabolite (existing as two diastereoisomers in vivo) of the clinically utilized antagonist Clopidogrel were compared. The free thiol group of the 4S diastereoisomer, but not the 4R isomer, was found in close proximity (~4.7 A) to the sulfur atom of a disulfide bridge involving Cys175, suggesting greater activity in covalent binding. Therefore, ligand docking to the CXCR4-based model of the P2Y12R predicted poses of both reversibly and irreversibly-binding small molecules, consistent with observed pharmacology and mutagenesis studies.
P-waves from cross-correlation of seismic noise

Received 13 June 2005; revised 19 August 2005; accepted 31 August 2005; published 6 October 2005. [1] We present results from the cross-correlations of seismic noise recordings among pairs of stations in the Parkfield network, California. When performed on many station pairs at short ranges, the noise correlation function (NCF) is the passive analog to a shot gather made with active sources. We demonstrate the presence of both a P-wave and a Rayleigh wave in the NCF. A time-frequency analysis allows us to separate the two wave packets that are further identified through their polarization. Arrival times were estimated from the NCF and they compared favorably with predictions using ray tracing in a regional velocity model and with the velocity gradient across the San Andreas Fault. Citation: Roux, P., K. G. Sabra, P. Gerstoft, W. A. Kuperman, and M. C. Fehler (2005), P-waves from crosscorrelation of seismic noise, Geophys. Res. Lett., 32, L19303,