cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Celebrities and the stage: theatrical stardom in early modern Spain

This article seeks to apply a number of concepts and approaches developed by celebrity studies during the past decades in the field of early modern theatre. More specifically, I will focus on the commercial theatre that developed in Spain from the 1560s onwards. This dramatic practice represents a privileged vantage point from which to observe how a number of key dynamics related to celebrity culture came into play within the context of early modern society, as the characteristics of this business and its cultural impact allowed for the emergence of processes of celebrification among performers. This study focuses on the characteristics of this theatre that made it possible for an early modern version of celebrity to emerge, such as the large role that actresses played in its success or the contact with performers that a wide variety of audiences enjoyed all along the country. I also analyse how actors and actresses were subject to forces of commodification, eroticization and the public’s attention to their private lives, which led them to become early modern stars.
Lending to Sensation-Seeking Households

Using the propensity to engage in extra-marital activities as a proxy for sensation seeking behavior, we show that sensation-seeking households exhibit riskier economic behavior. They are more likely to obtain a home loan and, conditional upon borrowing, they choose larger loans. Banks are at least partially aware of the financial implications of sensation-seeking behavior. They supply larger credit due to higher demand, but at higher rates due to greater perceived risks. The resulting separating equilibrium has higher loan defaults as the perceived risk is realized.
Using DNA nanostructures to harvest light and create energy transfer and harvesting systems

DNA is a biocompatible scaffold that allows for the design of a variety of nanostructures, from straightforward double stranded DNA to more complex DNA origami and 3-D structures. By modifying the structures, with dyes, nanoparticles, or enzymes, they can be used to create light harvesting and energy transfer systems. We have focused on using Forster resonance energy transfer (FRET) between organic fluorophores separated with nanometer precision based on the DNAs defined positioning. Using FRET theory we can control the direction of the energy flow and optimize the design parameters to increase the systems efficiency. The design parameters include fluorophore selection, separation, number, and orientation among others. Additionally the use of bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) allowed the use of chemical energy, as opposed to photonic, to activate the systems. Here we discuss a variety of systems, such as the longest reported DNA-based molecular photonic wires (> 30 nm), dendrimeric light harvesting systems, and semiconductor nanocrystals integrated systems where they act as both scaffold and antennae for the original excitation. Using a variety of techniques, a comparison of different types of structures as well as heterogeneous vs. homogenous FRET was realized.
Watermarking information layers in multispectral images of cultural heritage objects

We present a strategy for transparent, robust watermarking to protect intellectual property rights on cultural heritage images. This can be applied on any kind of vector image, from color to hyper spectral, and has a particular value when each individual channel has its own significance and can be used independently of the others, as often happens with quantitative diagnostic images. For color images, we can reduce the correlation between channels by relying on alternative color spaces. Dealing with images with any number of channels, we rather propose to work in the principal component space, whatever the watermarking algorithm chosen. We motivate why this is advantageous and show an example experiment using an embedding procedure proposed in the literature.
Gendered Choices: Examining the Mechanics of Mobile and Online Girl Games:

This article analyzes girl games, a subgenre of casual mobile and online games created and marketed for preteen girls. Through an examination of Barbie Fashionistas, Style Studio: Fashion Designer,...
Indirect detection of light neutralino dark matter in the next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model

We explore the prospects for indirect detection of neutralino dark matter in supersymmetric models with an extended Higgs sector (next-to-minimal supersymmetric standard model, or NMSSM). We compute, for the first time, one-loop amplitudes for NMSSM neutralino pair annihilation into two photons and two gluons, and point out that extra diagrams (with respect to the minimal supersymmetric standard model, or MSSM), featuring a potentially light CP-odd Higgs boson exchange, can strongly enhance these radiative modes. Expected signals in neutrino telescopes due to the annihilation of relic neutralinos in the Sun and in the Earth are evaluated, as well as the prospects of detection of a neutralino annihilation signal in space-based gamma-ray, antiproton and positron search experiments, and at low-energy antideuteron searches. We find that in the low mass regime the signals from capture in the Earth are enhanced compared to the MSSM, and that NMSSM neutralinos have a remote possibility of affecting solar dynamics. Also, antimatter experiments are an excellent probe of galactic NMSSM dark matter. We also find enhanced two-photon decay modes that make the possibility of the detection of a monochromatic gamma-ray line within the NMSSM more promising than in the MSSM, although likely below the sensitivity of next generation gamma-ray telescopes.
Thermal mismatches explain how climate change and infectious disease drove widespread amphibian extinctions

Global temperatures and infectious disease outbreaks are simultaneously increasing, but linking climate change and infectious disease to modern extinctions remains difficult. The thermal mismatch hypothesis predicts that hosts should be vulnerable to disease at temperatures where the performance gap between themselves and parasites is greatest. This framework could be used to identify species at risk from a combination of climate change and disease because it suggests that extinctions should occur when climatic conditions shift from historical baselines. We conducted laboratory experiments and analyses of recent extinctions in the amphibian genus Atelopus to show that species from the coldest environments experienced the greatest disease susceptibility and extinction risk when temperatures rapidly warmed, confirming predictions of the thermal mismatch hypothesis. Our work provides evidence that a modern mass extinction was likely driven by an interaction between climate change and infectious disease.
Fabric Finishing: Printing Textiles

Abstract Printing textiles can be a cheaper way of incorporating different colors and designs than weaving or knitting the patterns into the fabric. Once a fabric has been prepared (see Chapter 18 ), there are a variety of printing techniques and methods that can be used to achieve the desired results. Digital inkjet printing technology is becoming increasingly important in textile printing. This chapter is a combination of technical information, design considerations, and business aspects, all of which must be taken into account when selecting designs, colors, and printing techniques for textiles.
Cavity-backed slot ESPAR cross array with two-dimensional beam steering control

A novel cavity-backed slot ESPAR cross array with plane-independent beam scanning capability is presented in this paper. As with conventional ESPAR antenna, the parasitic cavities are fed by the center driven cavity and terminated with tunable capacitors. Due to the difficulty of achieving E-plane coupling and minimizing cross coupling between the E- and H-plane parasitic elements there are relatively few reported two-dimensional beam steering ESPAR designs. In this work it is demonstrated that these challenges can be overcome by exploiting the cavity arrangement and geometry to control the coupling between cavities. Independent E- and H-plane beam steering control is achieved by dynamically changing the load impedance of corresponding parasitic elements. It is shown that this ESPAR cross array is able to steer the beam from −24 to 24 degrees in the E-plane and −20 to 20 degrees in the H-plane; the demonstrated beam steering performance in either plane is comparable to ESPAR antennas only able to operate in a single plane.
Developing Online Learning Communities1

The Christian higher education landscape is changing with the development of online courses and programs. Faculty and administrators are struggling with developing effective learning in an online f...
Characterization of protein structure and function at genome scale with a computational prediction pipeline.

Recent advances in high-throughput production capabilities for biological data such as genomic sequence (1,2), large-scale gene expression data (3-5), genomescale protein-protein interactions (6,7), and protein structures (8), arc revolutionizing the biological sciences. Essential to this new revolution are capabilities to computationally interpret large quantities of biological data generated under various experimental conditions and build mathematical models that fit these data. The combination of on-line bioinformatics tools and easy access to the high-speed Internet has made it generally possible to facilitate such computational steps and make biological discoveriesin silicoin a highly efficient manner. By utilizing various bioinformatics prediction, analysis and modeling tools, one can quickly generate hypotheses and theoretical models, which could then guide the design of experiments for further validation. The paradigm that links and integrates systematic data generation, computational data interpretation, and experimental validation is clearly providing a new and powerful way for conducting biological research. The focus of this paper is on (a) development of new computational tools for interpretation of large quantity of genomic sequence data for structural and functional inference and (b) example applications of these tools to studies of microbial genomes, particularlycyanobacterialgenomes.
Don’t Sustain; Advance

Webster’s Dictionary defines boring as “an essay that begins with a definition from Webster’s Dictionary.” Not really, but it is a common way to begin an essay on sustainability because writers on the topic are like Humpty Dumpty in Through the Looking Glass, who tells Alice, “When I use a word, it means just what I choose it to mean – neither more nor less.” If we do turn to the dictionary, we find that the word “sustain” can mean to provide with relief, to nourish, to prolong, to support, to buoy up, to bear up, to confirm. All of these definitions imply a goal of preventing matters from getting worse. What is curiously missing is any hint of progress, innovation, or the creation of something better – and therein lies the problem with sustainability.
Perceptions and Processes in Assessing Software Requirements Practices

Requirements engineering is a key discipline in analysis and design of business software. There are commonly accepted processes available for requirements engineering, but many organizations struggle to implement and follow these processes. A number of methods have therefore been developed to help assess and improve requirements practices. This exploratory study reports from a project at TelSoft in which we combined process assessments and stakeholder perceptions to arrive at recommendations for improving requirements practices. The paper presents the combined approach, experiences from using the approach at TelSoft, and the resulting insights and recommendations. On that basis, we offer a critical evaluation of the dominant process-driven approach and show how requirements assessment can benefit from the perceptions and active participation of key stakeholders.
Oracle Solutions for Database Management System in Parallel Processing Environment

As the global economy becomes increasingly competitive, companies are learning to use information as a strategic asset to gain marketing advantage. The amount of information manipulated by company applications is growing at a high rate. According to the International Group of Los Altos California, in 1970, a typical Fortune 500 company possessed 8 billion characters of electronic data. By 1990, this amount had increased to 28 trillion characters and by the year 2000, the number is expected to increase to 400 trillion characters. So, companies are looking for technology and tools to help them manage the great amount of data collected over the years in order to obtain assistance to manage their business more effectively.
A20 Session 6: Case studies in ablative therapy

High Intensity Focused Ultrasound (HIFU) is a minimally invasive technology that produces thermal ablation of soft tissues. HIFU has been employed to treat prostate cancer and transrectal prostate HIFU devices have been in use worldwide since the mid 1990s. Prostate HIFU is not FDA approved in the United States; however, two manufacturers have HIFU devices currently under evaluation in the United States by the FDA. Prostate HIFU has been used to treat primary and radiation recurrent prostate cancer. In this presentation, the Sonablate (Sonacare Medical) and Ablatherm (EDAP) prostate HIFU devices will be compared. Published clinical outcomes for primary and salvage total and partial gland HIFU ablation will be presented. Long term studies document good clinical efficacy with biochemical recurrence, overall survival, and metastasis free survival similar to standard prostate cancer treatments. The advantages of HIFU ablation are similar to other ablation technologies: HIFU is an outpatient, minimally invasive treatment with low rates of ED and incontinence and can be repeated if there is local recurrence. Focal treatment with HIFU is a promising treatment strategy and the use of advanced MRI imaging to diagnose prostate cancer and to direct HIFU ablation will be presented. High patient demand for minimally invasive prostate cancer ablative treatments will inspire urologists interested in thermal ablation to obtain training and achieve competence in prostate HIFU therapy.
Practical Causal Generalizations

Practical causal generalizations are of the form ‘A causes B’, where A’s are actions, as in ‘Smoking causes cancer’, and what makes these generalizations practical is that they guide persons in deciding whether to perform the actions they apply to. Though not all causal generalizations are equivalent to chance-inequalities of the form ‘the chance of B given A is greater than the chance of B without A’, it is hypothesized that this is always valid in the case of practical generalizations. This would imply that, without constraints such as temporal order or directness, Suppes’s prima facie condition of causality captures the entire content of a causal generalization of the kind we are concerned with. However, this presupposes a concept of chance that is neither subjective nor statistical, and unsystematic remarks are made on how these chances should be estimated if decisions based on them are to have the results that agents desire. Other topics touched on include the concept of a voluntary act as distinct from an ‘event’ that may happen independently of the will.
Toward an Anti-Centric Ecological Culture

Over the last several years I’ve been working within an EcoJustice framework to try to shift the way teachers and their students understand their relationship to and responsibility for both the ecological and social crises currently threatening our communities and this planet. As an important part of this endeavor, I’ve been working with others to educate for what we’ve called, using the work of C. A. Bowers (2006, 2012) and others (Prakash, 2011; The Ecologist, 1993) the revitalization of the cultural and environmental “commons,” a focus that asks teachers and students to identify those aspects of their communities—skills, practices, relationships, traditions, beliefs—that lead to a smaller ecological footprint and thus could help us to lead a more sustainable life. In the course of this work something has been pestering me about what we mean by “the commons,” in particular the cultural commons.
Depth-dependent temperature variability in the Southern California bight with implications for the cold-water gorgonian octocoral Adelogorgia phyllosclera

Abstract Cold-water corals are highly sensitive to changes in water temperature, as it is an important determinant of their distribution. In recent years, several heatwave events have occurred in multiple marine ecosystems , including the northeast Pacific Ocean. However, the effects of elevated ocean temperatures on cold-water corals are largely unknown. Determining the upper thermal limits of cold-water octocorals is an important first step in identifying if warm-water events pose a potential threat. Temperature data were obtained from loggers placed in the Channel Islands National Marine Sanctuary (CINMS) at 20, 50, 100, and 200 m prior to the 2015–2016 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) event and used to characterize warm-water anomalies. Live colonies of the common gorgonian octocoral, Adelogorgia phyllosclera, were collected from the CINMS using a remotely operated vehicle (ROV) and transported to laboratory aquaria where they were maintained. A laboratory study was conducted to investigate the upper thermal limit of A. phyllosclera during a series of temperature assays using coenenchyme health scores, polyp activity, and estimated survival. Results of in-situ temperature analyses indicated that warm-water anomalies occurred frequently at 50 and 100 m, with most of these anomalies occurring during strong ENSO months. Based on the laboratory temperature assays, the upper thermal limit of A. phyllosclera was estimated to be 20 °C, with a time to effect of 96 hours. During the 2015–2016 ENSO event, this upper thermal limit was exceeded (21.1 °C) by warm-water anomalies at 20 m that lasted up to 14.1 hours, and approached (18.3 °C) by warm-water anomalies at 50 m that lasted up to 52.7 hours. Projections for future warm-water events suggest that the upper thermal limit of A. phyllosclera and other cold-water corals will likely be reached more frequently in the coming years. Thus, understanding the responses of cold-water corals to thermal stress will help predict the resilience of these species to future ocean warming.
Military Music for America’s Peacetime: Victory at Sea and 1950s Post-War Television

ABSTRACTPeripherally military music—that is, music other than emphatic, duple-meter, trumpet-and-drum material—appears today in film scores, operas, and even musical comedies. In many cases it is overtly patriotic, but in others it can be used to entertain, or to express sympathy, or even as satire. The soundtrack for Victory at Sea (1952–53), jointly composed for American television by Richard Rodgers and Robert Rodney Bennett, represents various interrelated aspects of the history of military music: the topos itself; new forms of peripheral musical expression, many of them invented for Hollywood movies rather than concert performances; and the use of both non-military as well as combat-oriented music in the series’ individual episodes, which simultaneously soothed American fears and confirmed the nation’s economic success.
Application of Management Principles to Instructional Methods

This article describes a plan for helping inservice special educational personnel with emphasis on the learner and the learning act rather than on teaching. By adequate management of experiences in a structured learning and training environment, children with language disorders can be helped to assume responsibility for their own learning and move at their own rate through a variety of instructional units specifically developed in the area of auditory processing.
Preliminary tests of particle image velocimetry for the upper plenum of a scaled model of a very high temperature gas cooled reactor

Abstract The Very High Temperature Reactor (VHTR) is a Generation IV nuclear reactor that is currently under design. During the design process multiple studies have been performed to develop safety codes for the reactor. Two major accidents of interest are the Pressurized Conduction Cooldown (PCC), and the Depressurized Conduction Cooldown (DCC) scenario. Both involve loss of forced coolant to the core, except the latter involves a pressure loss in the main coolant loop. During normal operation a circulator pumps the coolant into the upper plenum and down through the core, but following a loss of forced coolant the natural convection causes the flow to reverse to go through the core into the upper plenum. Computer codes may be developed to simulate the phenomenon that occurs in a PCC or DCC scenario, but benchmark data is needed to validate the simulations; previously there were no experimental test facilities to provide this. This study will cover the design, construction, and preliminary testing of a 1/16th scaled model of a VHTR that uses Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) for flow visualization in the upper plenum. Three tests were run for a partially heated core at statistically steady state, and PIV was used to generate the velocity field of three naturally convective adjacent jets; the turbulent mixing of the jets was observed. After performing a sensitivity analysis the flow rate of a single pipe was extracted from the PIV flow field, and compared with an ultrasonic flowmeter and analytic flow rate. All the values lied within the uncertainty ranges, validating the test results.
Return to the Real World: A Novel Program to Improve Resident Readiness for the Transplant Surgery Rotation.

Objective We describe a novel didactic program to prepare mid-level residents for the operative complexities of the transplant surgery rotation. Design A faculty led dry and wet lab experience was held for all residents returning to clinical rotations from a 2-year research experience. Residents were provided instructional video prior to the dry lab and instructed through both labs by transplant faculty and fellows. The culmination of the program entailed a porcine renal autotransplantation. Setting The University of Cincinnati, Department of Surgery, Cincinnati, OH. Participants Incoming third year general surgery residents returning to clinical rotations from a 2-year research experience. Results This lab was well received by residents and faculty and increased confidence in residents. Conclusions This program increased confidence in complex operations seen on the transplant surgery rotation and can be replicated in a cost-effective manner.
Unpacking the Mississippi blues: Relationship between internalizing problems and health behaviors:

This study examined the relationship between internalizing behaviors (measured as anxious/depressed, withdrawn, and somatic problems) and lifestyle-related, modifiable factors as substance use, sle...
SECTION 13 – Expansion Theorems

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the expansion theorems. The Arzela-Ascoli theorem states that every equibounded and equicontinuous sequence of functions {fn (x)} defined on an interval [a, b] has a uniformly convergent subsequence on that interval. Every eigenfunction of K corresponding to an eigenvalue λ is a finite linear combination of the functions φk such that λk = λ. It follows that every eigenfunction f corresponding to an eigenvalue λ of Km is also an eigenfunction corresponding to the same eigenvalue of K. The theory of ordinary differential equations, the principal expansion theorem states that every function v ∈ C2 [a, b] that satisfies a second-order differential equation and homogeneous boundary conditions can be expanded in a uniformly and absolutely convergent Fourier series.
CHAPTER 10 – Technological Forecasting

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses technological forecasting. Technological forecasting is generally concerned with the fairly long term and explores what technology will be likely to be available in particular years in the future and what the impacts of important technological developments and innovations will be. It is related to problems of long-term planning so that companies can try to identify new markets and the decline of present markets and governments can foresee future bottlenecks in the growth or development of society in some proposed direction. There are basically two approaches to technological forecasting—exploratory and normative. Exploratory techniques provide specific forecasts of what will happen, such as when a particular medical breakthrough is thought most likely to occur. Normative forecasts start with an objective for some future period and then by working back to present time and state of the art determine what areas or technological parameters need improvement and by how much, by what means the required improvements will be attained, and what the costs, consequences, and major potential bottle-necks will be in attaining the goal.
Fusiform superior cerebellar artery aneurysm treated with flow diversion: A case report.

Background Fusiform aneurysms of the distal superior cerebellar artery are rare and challenging to treat. Due to the rarity of these lesions, there is little consensus regarding their management. Treatment options have traditionally included parent artery sacrifice with either an endovascular approach or microsurgical clipping. Given the small diameter of the superior cerebellar artery, flow diversion has not been typically considered as a viable treatment option for these aneurysms. Case description A 67-year-old female presented complaining of severe sudden onset headache. Noncontrast head CT demonstrated no intracranial hemorrhage. Head CT angiogram demonstrated a 4.2 mm fusiform aneurysm in the distal right superior cerebellar artery. The patient underwent treatment with the Pipeline embolization device which was deployed in the right superior cerebellar artery covering the aneurysm. Six-month posttreatment follow-up angiogram demonstrated resolution of the aneurysm with patency of the parent vessel. Conclusion To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a distal superior cerebellar artery aneurysm treated with the Pipeline embolization device. The use of a Pipeline stent to create flow diversion should be considered in a case of a fusiform aneurysm of the right superior cerebellar artery. Treatment with flow diversion may allow for the treatment of the aneurysm while preserving patency of the parent vessel.
Scaling Up Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports: Costs and Their Distribution Across State, Districts, and Schools

Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) is a widely used multitiered prevention framework that embeds a systems approach for establishing behavioral supports for all students, across ...
Escherichia coli bacterin for the reduction of clinical signs of toxic mastitis in cattle

While herd surveys have indicated that 95% of mastitis in dairy cattle is caused by gram-positive bacteria such as Streptococcus agalactiae and Staphylococcus aureus, mastitis caused by coliform organisms is gaining in recognition. Coliforms causing mastitis include gram-negative, lactose-fermenting organisms of the family Enterobacteriaceae in the genera Escherichia, Klebsiella and Enterobacter. Routine mastitis control measures such as udder washing, teat dipping and milking machine sanitation have reduced the incidence of subclinical mastitis caused by the cocci, but they have not affected the incidence of coliform infections. 2·4·5 Herds in which mastitis caused by Str. agalactiae and S. aureus is under control may still have problems with clinical mastitis caused by coliforms.
Mandatory COVID-19 Vaccination: It’s Worth a Shot

The last greatest plague in the United States was the 1918 Spanish Flu. However, in December 2019, a novel coronavirus that originated in Wuhan, China ultimately ended up spreading to six continents. In January 2020, the first case of coronavirus (“COVID-19”) was officially diagnosed in the United States. By the end of March, cases had been diagnosed in all fifty states, and President Donald Trump officially declared a national emergency. With the insurgency of this global pandemic, there has been a race in the United States to create a COVID-19 vaccine. Historically, vaccines take years of research and testing before reaching the clinic. However, scientists have raced to produce a safe and effective COVID-19 vaccine by the end of 2020. With now the creation of not one, but two COVID-19 vaccines, and potentially another on the brink of distribution several questions and concerns are raised, especially involving our nation’s youth. There is little question that adults today have the absolute right to control their own body. This includes refusing health care interventions such as lifesaving and life-saving intervention, unless this decision has a direct impact on others. Accordingly, the right to control one’s own body is a well established principle between both the federal and state law systems. A right to control one’s own body includes the right to refuse vaccination. However, how does this right translate to children in our country. A hypothetical mandatory COVID-19 vaccine for schoolchildren would not be targeting adults, but rather children. Duly, this raises several questions and concerns about our country’s schoolchildren, and if it will be unconstitutional for states to institute a mandatory COVID-19 vaccine. This comment will focus on the history of school entry childhood vaccination policies, COVID-19 and the threat it poses, scientific basis for vaccinations versus the anti-vaccination movement, and the development and potential impact of the COVID-19 vaccine on schoolchildren.
Using Deer Stable Isotope Data to Test a Niche Construction Hypothesis for an Increase in Prehistoric Human Maize Consumption in the Eastern Woodlands of the United States

Pollen records and macrobotanical remains indicate maize was grown minimally during the Middle Woodland (200 BCE - CE 500) in eastern North America. However, previous isotopic studies have found li...
Original ContributionsExposure to risk factors for ulcerative colitis occurs during an early period of life

OBJECTIVE: It has been speculated that environmental factors play a role in the etiology of ulcerative colitis. A previous analysis revealed that the time trends of ulcerative colitis in England were shaped by an underlying birth-cohort pattern. We undertook this study to test whether the birth-cohort pattern was a unique feature of the English vital statistics or whether a similar phenomenon could also be ascertained in the mortality statistics from a different country, such as Switzerland. Besides comparing the data of ulcerative colitis from Switzerland and England, the trends of ulcerative colitis were compared with those of gastric and duodenal ulcer. METHODS: Death rates from ulcerative colitis, gastric ulcer, and duodenal ulcer were plotted against the period of death and period of birth. An age-standardized cohort mortality ratio was calculated as a summary statistic of the overall mortality associated with each consecutive birth-cohort. RESULTS: Mortality from ulcerative colitis increased among successive generations born throughout the 19th century. It peaked in individuals born around 1890 and has declined since then. Strikingly similar patterns were found in Switzerland and England. The birth-cohort pattern underlying the time trends of ulcerative colitis applied equally to the data for women and men. In comparison with peptic ulcer, the birth-cohort pattern of ulcerative colitis was almost identical to that of duodenal ulcer. It peaked in both countries 10–20 yr later than gastric ulcer. CONCLUSIONS: The birth-cohort pattern indicates that acquisition of ulcerative colitis is strongly influenced by environmental risk factors and that the exposure to these factors occurs during an early period of life. The similarity in the birth-cohort patterns of duodenal ulcer and ulcerative colitis could hint at a childhood infection or a related mode of transmission in both diseases.
Science and Engineering Practices

These practices are derived from those that scientists and engineers use as part of their professional work. The NGSS describe the practices as “behaviors that scientists engage in as they investigate and build models and theories about the natural world and the key set of engineering practices that engineers use as they design and build models and systems” (Achieve, 2013).
The Poem as Act: A Way to Reconcile Presentational and Mimetic Theories

elements. The mind is enclosed in a physical space and bodily af fections, yet the physical space seems to become at the same time enclosed in an act of mind. The central function of the series of appositions is to re gather the physical qualities of light while extending the idea of lighting a light into a realm of metaphor where it will ultimately by paralleled to God's creative "Fiat lux." The appositions progress from "warmth," a physi cal quaUty of Ught which nonetheless only comes to consciousness through the "shawl" metaphor, to "power," a term with both physical and spiritual qualities, to the spiritual realm where one acclaims "a miraculous influ ence." (Notice also that the series moves from bare nouns to one modified by an adjective as the spiritual expansion involves the emotions, and that indefinite articles give way to a definite one, suggesting how on the level of imagination various specifics share the determining influence. ) The fourth stanza introduces the second half of the poem by placing the miraculous influence back into the immediate scene. "Here, now" echoes EUot's phrase for the sexual incarnational presence of the word. Indeed this full acceptance and celebration of the immediate present is probably the single most important triumphant theme in modern poetry. And Stevens follows the exclamation with an exphcit reference to feeling in order to express the effect of the abstractions on the speaker's concrete self. But the celebration also moves in another direction. As Hegel tells us, the expres sions "here" and "now," so dear to empirical philosophy, are really quite abstract terms; they simply express a mental state unless defined by physical coordinates. And this is precisely Stevens' point: "here, now" re fers to a sense of presence, but one which is located at once in a possible concrete room and in the act of forgetting empirical reaUties as one is car ried into an awareness that a transcendent order is also present. Stevens is playing here with the metaphor of incarnation?an initial sense of sexual presence becomes also a secular awareness that a transcendent order enters the flesh and transforms it. The fifth stanza makes explicit the synthesis which the poem has been preparing and, through the ellipses, dramatizes the changes in mental ac tivity as the mind comes to recognize where it stands. The first two lines present the mind returning in a casual way to the limits of abstraction ("we
Federalism and the market

1. Intergovernmental bargaining and economic policy in federations 2. From market-preserving to market-distorting federalism: divergent incentives and economic reform in developing nations 3. Federalism and the decentralized politics of macroeconomic policy and performance 4. Testing the argument - macroeconomic reform beyond the federal-unitary distinction 5. Partisan harmony, vertical accountability, and market transitions - the case of Argentina 6. Regional competition, fiscal dependence and subnational incentives in the Argentine provinces 7. The view from below - the politics of public sector reform in three Argentine provinces 8. Conclusion - comparative federalism, market reform, and future research References.
The Affective Domain in Physical Education

(1987). The Affective Domain in Physical Education. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance: Vol. 58, No. 6, pp. 41-43.
Explicating metatheory for mixed methods research in educational leadership: An application of Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action

Purpose – Mixed methods research can provide a fruitful line of inquiry for educational leadership, program evaluation, and policy analysis; however, mixed methods research requires a metatheory that allows for mixing what have traditionally been considered incompatible qualitative and quantitative inquiry. The purpose of this paper is to apply Jurgen Habermas’s Theory of Communicative Action as that metatheoretical justification. Design/methodology/approach – After reviewing the traditional quantitative/qualitative divide based on incompatible ontologies, the author argues for a pragmatist stance toward educational leadership inquiry. Such a stance allows for mixing methods because it privileges methodology and epistemology in social inquiry, rather than ontological theories of reality. Using Habermas’s metatheory, the author shows how truth claims are linguistically mediated; how they make reference to objective, subjective, and normative formal worlds; and how they are always fallible and revisable. Fi...
A fully three-dimensional finite-element model applied to velocities on Storglaciären, Sweden

A finite-element model that solves the stress-balance equations for glacier dynamics in three dimensions has been developed by extending previous flow-plane models. This model retains all terms of the stress tensor and uses a Glen-type power law for viscosity calculations. In the paper, the model is applied to Storglaciaren, Sweden, to explore both the glacier’s dynamics and the model’s characteristics. Values of the stiffness parameter B of 0.20–0.22 MPa year 1/n were required to match observed strain rates on Storglaciaren. Overall velocities required imposition of a problematically small sliding speed. Stress fields implied by the model simulation showed that the glacier receives its largest driving force from a high-slope zone near the equilibrium line, and that a large proportion of the resistive stress comes from lateral drag. Lateral drag is enhanced on this glacier by being frozen to its sidewalls and by a turning of the main flow as it comes out of the main, or northern, cirque.
Second Chance Ranch, by Barbara Kennedy

Second Chance Ranch is a well-written and easy-to-read book. It has a certain mysteriousness that encourages the reader to continue into the story. The beginning capitalizes on the mental state of ...
Model variables: cleanly supporting abstraction in design by contract: Research Articles

In design by contract (DBC), assertions are typically written using program variables and query methods. The lack of separation between program code and assertions is confusing, because readers do not know what code is intended for use in the program and what code is only intended for specification purposes. This lack of separation also creates a potential runtime performance penalty, even when runtime assertion checks are disabled, due to both the increased memory footprint of the program and the execution of code maintaining that part of the program's state intended for use in specifications. To solve these problems, we present a new way of writing and checking DBC assertions without directly referring to concrete program states, using ‘model’, i.e. specification-only, variables and methods. The use of model variables and methods does not incur the problems mentioned above, but it also allow one to write more easily assertions that are abstract, concise, and independent of representation details, and hence more readable and maintainable. We implemented these features in the runtime assertion checker for the Java Modeling Language (JML), but the approach could also be implemented in other DBC tools. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Behavioral Effects of Estrogen Treatment in Human Males

Human males are exposed to exogenous estrogens in various treatment regimens: (1) Prenatally, (a) if the pregnant mother continues to ingest certain contraceptive steroids, or (b) if she is administered estrogens for pregnancy maintenance; (2) in adolescence and adulthood, when treated (a) for the control of deviant sexual behavior or (b) for demasculinization and feminization in the case of transsexualism; and (3) in midlife or later, when treated for androgen-dependent cancer, especially of the prostate. In spite of the diversity of treatment goals, each regimen provides an experimental model for the investigation of the effects of exogenous hormones on behavior—some of which may be considered undesirable side effects in a risk-benefit analysis of estrogen treatment. In this report, I will briefly review the current status of knowledge with respect to regimens 1, 2, and, to a minor degree, 3. The discussion will focus on sex-dimorphic behavior (i.e., behavior in which males and females typically differ), intelligence, and general psychopathology. In the section on prenatal effects, progestogens will be discussed along with estrogens because both are frequently administered in combination. EFFECTS OF PRENATAL EXPOSURE TO ESTROGENS AND/OR PROGESTOGENS As outlined in another Conference article by Ehrhardt (page 1166), animal research has shown prenatal exogenous estrogens to masculinize sex-dimorphic behavior in the female and to interfere with normal masculinization in the male. This is in contrast to progesterone, which is assumed to have demasculinizing effects in both males and females.1,2 With regard to mental abilities and general psychopathology, I am not aware of any animal models that would allow us to predict effects of prenatal estrogens and/or progestogens in man.
A single column method to measure hydrogen--tritium exchange by gel chromatography.

Abstract Employment of a commercially integrated gel chromatography system together with the utilization of cross-linked polyacrylamide as the chromatographic medium simplifies the methodology of hydrogen-tritium exchange measurements. The system described allows the execution of hydrogen-tritium exchange measurements with as little as 0.5 mg protein per time point and with only a single pass of sample through the column for out-exchange of
Effect of pyruvate on oxidant injury to isolated and cellular DNA.

Effect of pyruvate on oxidant injury to isolated and cellular DNA. Drawing upon the capacity of pyruvate to detoxify H 2 O 2 , we demonstrate that pyruvate (i) protects against H 2 O 2 -dependent, hydroxyl radical-mediated degradation of isolated DNA; (ii) reduces the amount of 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine detected following oxidative injury to isolated DNA and (iii) diminishes the amounts of detectable hydroxyl radical generated by a H 2 O 2 -dependent system. Compared to mannitol, pyruvate protects weakly against oxidative degradation of DNA induced by a H 2 O 2 -independent, hydroxyl radical-generating system. The protective effects of pyruvate against H 2 O 2 -instigated DNA damage were also evinced in cells in culture exposed to H 2 O 2 . In contrast to its protective effects against H 2 O 2 -dependent injury to DNA, pyruvate failed to offer convincing protection to another intracellular, H 2 O 2 -vulnerable target, glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. The protection conferred by pyruvate to intracellular H 2 O 2 -vulnerable targets is thus influenced by the nature of the target exposed to H 2 O 2 . Pyruvate was markedly protective in a model of cytotoxicity induced by the concomitant depletion of cellular glutathione and inhibition of catalase activity; pyruvate can thus function as an intracellular antioxidant and in this latter model, no evidence of DNA damage was observed. Pyruvate, in contrast to catalase, is a potent protector against cytotoxicity induced by organic peroxides, a finding that cannot be explained by the scavenging of organic peroxides, differences in glutathione content or attenuation in oxidative injury to DNA. We conclude that while DNA damage is a key pathogenetic event in oxidative stress induced by H 2 O 2 , such nuclear changes may not universally subserve a critical role in models of H 2 O 2 -dependent cell death. We also conclude that the antioxidant capabilities of pyruvate extend beyond scavenging of H 2 O 2 to include potent protection against cytotoxicity induced by organic peroxides.
Empirical models of the effect of integrated manufacturing on manufacturing performance and return on investment

The effect of integrated manufacturing on non-financial manufacturing performance and return on investment is studied. Technology-use data from over 1000 manufacturing plants in the USA were used to test empirically the relationships between variables integrated manufacturing, non-financial manufacturing performance and return on investment. Notable findings were (1) integrated manufacturing shows a strong effect on non-financial manufacturing performance and (2) non-financial manufacturing performance has a statistically significant direct effect on return on investment. It is recommended that the justification of investments in manufacturing technologies that contribute to integrated manufacturing must be based on non-financial manufacturing criteria as well as on return on investment. Using two different models, it is shown that the causal model developed in the study is robust.
Optimal Governing Instrument, Operation Level, and Enforcement in Natural Resource Regulation: The Case of the Fishery

Most regulation studies have used industry output or inputs as the control variable(s), but these are only indirectly controlled by government action through its choice of governing instrument, enforcement procedure, and penalty structure and the operational level of each. A model is developed which demonstrates how profit‐maximizing firms will react to these control variables taking into account the benefits (extra production) and costs (possible penalties) of noncompliance and the ability to avoid detection of noncompliance. The optimal operation level for two sets of control variables is derived and discussed.
Effects of gestational and lactational exposure to heptachlor epoxide on age at puberty and reproductive function in men and women.

Abstract Background For 15 months in 1981–1982, the commercial milk supply on the Hawaiian island of Oahu was contaminated with heptachlor epoxide, a metabolite of the insecticide heptachlor, resulting in gestational and/or lactational exposure to offspring of women who drank cow milk during that period. Objective: To determine whether gestational and lactational exposure to heptachlor epoxide alters reproductive function and age at puberty in men or women. Methods: 457 participants were recruited from a prior high school enrollment sampling frame of 20,000 adults born during 1981–1982 who lived on Oahu since at least first grade. Number of glasses of cow milk consumed weekly by the mother during the participant’s gestation was used as a surrogate measure of heptachlor epoxide exposure. Reproductive function measures included semen analyses; reproductive hormones or their metabolites in daily urine specimens for one menstrual cycle; serum reproductive hormone levels in both sexes; and reported ages of onset for pubertal milestones. Results We observed no strong associations of heptachlor epoxide exposure during gestation and lactation with reproductive endpoints. In females, heptachlor epoxide exposure was associated with longer luteal phase length and slower drop in the ratio of estradiol to progesterone metabolites after ovulation. In males, heptachlor epoxide exposure was weakly associated with higher serum follicle stimulating hormone and luteinizing hormone concentrations, but no dose–response relationship was apparent. Conclusions The results provide limited evidence that gestational and lactational exposure to heptachlor epoxide, due to milk contamination on Oahu in 1981–1982, resulted in clinically significant disturbances of reproductive function in men or women.