cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
EVOLUTION OF MULTIPLE KINDS OF FEMALE SPERM-STORAGE ORGANS IN DROSOPHILA.

Females of all species belonging to the family Drosophilidae have two kinds of sperm-storage organs: paired spherical spermathecae and a single elongate tubular seminal receptacle. We examined 113 species belonging to the genus Drosophila and closely allied genera and describe variation in female sperm-storage organ use and morphology. The macroevolutionary pattern of organ dysfunction and morphological divergence suggests that ancestrally both kinds of organs stored sperm. Loss of use of the spermathecae has evolved at least 13 times; evolutionary regain of spermathecal function has rarely if ever occurred. Loss of use of the seminal receptacle has likely occurred only once; in this case, all descendant species possess unusually elaborate spermathecae. Data further indicate that the seminal receptacle is the primary sperm-storage organ in Drosophila. This organ exhibits a pattern of strong correlated evolution with the length of sperm. The evolution of multiple kinds of female sperm-storage organs and the rapidly divergent and correlated evolution of sperm and female reproductive tract morphology are discussed.
Do Values Matter?An Analysis of Advance Directives for Medical Treatment

One of the oldest disputes in social science divides objectivists and subjectivists. Whereas subjectivists recognize the causal importance of internal states, such as individual values, objectivists forswear them in favour of exclusively external causes, such as social structural constraints. Their reluctance to countenance internal states stems in large part from the perception that effective measures of values and other internal states are extremely difficult to find. Lacking such measures, there is no means of disentangling subjective and objective factors in behavioural explanations. This paper presents a framework employing the factorial survey method that yields rigorous measures of individual values and that enables assessment of the operation of both objective and subjective factors in human behaviour. As test site for the new framework, we examine the formulation of advance directives for medical treatment (living wills) among a sample of healthy elderly people. We construct hypothetical scenarios depicting a life-threatening situation and ask respondents to indicate their desire for medical intervention given differing circumstances: the intervention's chance of success, various levels of chronic pain, limitation of physical function, burden to family and friends, and the pecuniary cost of the prospective treatment. Analysing the data with a variety of statistical tools, we obtain measures of four values and unbiased estimates of their effects on treatment decisions, as well as estimates of the effects of objective factors on both values and treatment decisions
Karyometry and the Amount of Protein in Cell Nuclei

Relations between nuclear size and protein content were studied on nuclei isolated from the livers of rabbits and guinea pigs by citric acid method. The data obtained suggest that the variability of nuclear size is related to that of dry nuclear weight. It is also suggested that a decrease of nuclear volume is due to the nutritional conditions of animals and the decrease is parallel to that of total protein content of nuclei. But the DNA content of nuclei seems to remain unchanged. It may be assumed that nuclear size depends on the amount of the residual protein removed rather than that of the basic protein.This study was supported in part by a grant of scientific research of the education ministry of Japan (No. 710067) for 1960.
Safety of hydrophilic guidewires used for side-branch protection during stenting and proximal optimization technique in coronary bifurcation lesions.

Abstract Background and propose In coronary bifurcation lesions (CBL), hydrophilic guidewires used for side-branch (SB) protection can be withdrawn from underneath the stent easier than other wires. However, the safety of which has not been investigated. Methods/materials We performed scanning electron microscopic (SEM) examination of hydrophilic wires – the Whisper and Runthrough wires – used for SB protection during stenting and proximal optimization technique (POT) in 30 patients with CBL. The distal 15cm of the wire was examined every 1mm by SEM and 4500 segments were analyzed to investigate for wire fracture, polymer shearing (PS), and its correlations with post-stenting creatine kinase (CK)-MB release. Results SEM examination showed no evidence for wire fracture. The total area of PS and the largest defect on the wire were significantly larger with the Whisper wire versus the Runthrough wire (0.15±0.04mm 2 vs. 0.026±0.01mm 2 and 0.04±0.05mm 2 vs. 0.01±0.01mm 2 ; P Conclusions Hydrophilic guidewires may be safely used for SB protection during stenting and POT in CBLs. The extent of PS was significantly greater with the Whisper wire than with the Runthrough wire, but its correlation with post-stenting CK-MB release was weak.
Serological Analysis of Helicobacter pylori Infection among Health Examination People in Xiaogan

Objective: To investigate the status of Helicobacter pylori( Hp) infection among health examination people in Xiaogan. Methods: The Hp antibody in the serum was detected by the immune colloidal gold method in 2005 health examination people. And the data were statistically analyzed. Results: The rate of Hp infection was 50. 67 %,and the infection rate in women was significantly higher than in men. Conclusion: The rate of Hp infection in health examination people in Xiaogan is high,and the prevention and treatment of Hp infection should be enhanced.
Multimodality therapy in pediatric neoplasms.

The evolution of the concept of multimodality or multidisciplinary therapy is presented, based primarily on experience with solid tumors. Discussion includes the realities of integrating such therapy, the role of the cancer care center in the delivery of therapy, and the future prospects of multimodality therapy in the treatment of childhood malignancies.
Knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to physical activity among Native Americans with diabetes.

Objective Native Americans (NA) have higher diabetes morbidity and mortality compared to other ethnic groups. Although exercise plays an important role in diabetes management, little is known about exercise among Native Americans with diabetes. Our goal was to describe knowledge, attitudes and behaviors related to exercise in Native American participants in New Mexico. Design Bilingual community members administered a questionnaire to assess knowledge, stage of change (a measure of exercise readiness), and physical activity behavior. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured by DCA 2000 analyzer. Height and weight were measured to calculate body mass index (BMI). Average random blood glucose (RBS) levels and diabetes duration were assessed through chart audit. Setting Questionnaires were completed in offices in or near the communities. Participants 514 Native Americans with diabetes were identified as potential participants, 40% (142 women, 64 men) participated. Results 37% of participants knew exercise lowers blood sugar. 82% reported they were in the preparation, action, or maintenance stage of change for exercise behavior. Seventy seven percent of this population did not meet the Surgeon General's recommendation for accumulating 30 minutes of leisure time endurance exercise on most days of the week. However, 67% of participants fell within the "high activity" category for all moderate and vigorous activities. Average age, BMI and HbA1c were 58.5 yrs., 30.5 kg/m2, 8.6%, respectively. Conclusions Interventions to increase physical activity awareness and participation could improve diabetes management and overall health for Native Americans. When evaluating physical activity, researchers need to consider usual activities of daily living and leisure time activities specific to that population. Failure to do so would be ethnocentric and could lead to inappropriate conclusions.
Urodynamic Evidence of Vesical Neck Obstruction in Men with Misdiagnosed Chronic Nonbacterial Prostatitis and the Therapeutic Role of Endoscopic Incision of The Bladder Neck

AbstractMany patients are misdiagnosed as having refractory chronic nonbacterial prostatitis, and are treated with antibiotics and/or a-blockers with variable success. This study was designed to ascertain the potential diagnostic role of synchronous video-pressure-flow urodynamics and the therapeutic role of transurethral incision of the bladder neck in 34 consecutive men (age 26 to 51 years) with a minimum of 2 years of misdiagnosis. Duration of symptoms ranged from 25 to 126 months (mean 38.3). The average number of previous antibiotic days ranged from 42 to 136 (mean 54.3). In addition, 24 men were given empiric trials of α-blockers, all unsuccessful. Patients with evidence of bacterial infection or excessive leukocytes in expressed prostatic secretions were excluded from the study. Of these 34 patients 31 had urodynamic evidence of bladder outlet obstruction localized fluoroscopically to the vesical neck, while the remaining 3 had normal studies. The mean pretreatment maximum urine flow was 9.2ml. per...
Individual Sovereignty, Freer Sex and Diminished Privacy: How an Informed and Realistic Modern Sexual Morality Provides Salvation from Unjustified Shame

This article explores the effect that increased accessibility to electronically stored information has had on Millennials’ viewpoints regarding sexuality and morality and concludes that the democratized mass dissemination of information has resulted in a radically diminished need for privacy. This controversial perspective is developed through an historical recounting of the means by which traditional morality developed and became a tool of sexist and racial oppression wielded by the dominant class through monopolistic control of the media and mass messaging. Exposure to modern sexual morality through the internet has revealed the fallacy of adherence by most individuals to these traditional norms. The result is an elimination of the feelings of shame felt by those who previously believed themselves to be deviant as they recognize that they are actually part of the norm. Privacy is the doctrine that allows us to control how we are perceived by others. If we keep private that which makes us ashamed, then the current, internet catalyzed, informed sexuality has reduced our need for privacy because it has reduced the things for which we experience shame. Contemporary sexuality, as reflected by Tinder for example, typifies these increasingly informed views of morality, sexuality, shame and ultimately privacy. The associated decrease in the need for privacy results from nothing less than an unprecedented, information based, reconceptualization of sex, sexuality, religion and morality. This altered conception of privacy is ultimately echoed in our jurisprudence, which reflects the shift away from an antiquated morality of higher purposes to a Constitutionally based, age of enlightenment influenced, morality of self-fulfillment.
Rpl22 is required for IME1 mRNA translation and meiotic induction in S. cerevisiae

Background The transition from mitotic cell division to meiotic development in S. cerevisiae requires induction of a transient transcription program that is initiated by Ime1-dependent destruction of the repressor Ume6. Although IME1 mRNA is observed in vegetative cultures, Ime1 protein is not suggesting the presence of a regulatory system restricting translation to meiotic cells.
Direct Comparison of Alere™ i and cobas® Liat Influenza A and B Tests for Rapid Detection of Influenza Virus Infection

We compared two rapid, point-of care nucleic acid amplification tests for detection of influenza A and B viruses (Alere i [Alere] and cobas Liat [Roche Diagnostics]) with the influenza A and B virus test components of the FilmArray respiratory panel (BioFire Diagnostics) using 129 respiratory specimens collected in universal viral transport medium (80 influenza A virus and 16 influenza B virus positive) from both adult and pediatric patients. The sensitivities of the Alere test were 71.3% for influenza A virus and 93.3% for influenza B virus, with specificities of 100% for both viruses. The sensitivities and specificities of the Liat test were 100% for both influenza A and B viruses. The poor sensitivity of the Alere test for detection of influenza A virus was likely due to a study set that included many low-positive samples that were below its limit of detection.
Outcomes from an orientation model to reduce attrition in paediatric weight management

Summary We aimed to reduce attrition of newly referred patients in a paediatric weight management programme by implementing an orientation to address families’ expectations and screen for and support behavioural and mental health problems and psychosocial stressors at programme outset. Orientation impact was monitored with run charts with percentages of scheduled encounters completed. Long-term impact was assessed by comparing patients in the initial 6 months of the orientation to a baseline group of referred patients during the same 6-month time interval in the prior year (Pre-Orientation Group). The outcome measure was programme attrition within 15 months. Groups were compared using Kaplan–Meier survival analysis and Cox proportional hazards regression modelling. Patients in the Orientation Group had a 23% increased odds of attrition compared to patients in the Pre-Orientation group (adjusted Hazard ratio, aHR 1.23; 95% confidence interval, CI: 1.01, 1.51) and shorter median duration of follow-up (2.0 vs. 2.9 months, P = 0.004). An increase in body mass index z-score of 1 unit resulted in a nearly fivefold increased odds of attrition (aHR 5.24; 95% CI: 2.95, 9.3). An orientation for new patients did not reduce attrition within 15 months. We suggest that ongoing retention strategies should be embedded into the treatment phase of the programme.
The Diethylstilbestrol Legacy: A Powerful Case Against Intervention in Uncomplicated Pregnancy

* Abbreviations: CCA — : clear cell adenocarcinoma DES — : diethylstilbestrol Although the basic tenet of medicine is “First, do no harm,” history is filled with good intentions that were at best unhelpful and at worst harmful. Because medicine seeks to cure afflictions, there is an overwhelming desire on the part of health providers and patients to administer treatment. In certain settings, treatment can be reasonable despite a risk of adverse consequences: for example, if the disease is cured or its morbidity abated and the treatment consequences are less disabling than the disease itself. In the absence of overt disease, the question of whether to apply an intervention is far more challenging. The safety of interventions must be weighed against the population’s level of risk, the morbidity and/or mortality associated with the disease, and the intervention’s efficacy (eg, BRCA1 mutation, mastectomy, reduced breast cancer risk). Interventions must meet an especially high standard of safety and efficacy … Address correspondence to Rebecca Troisi, ScD, Epidemiology and Biostatistics Program, Office of the Director, Division of Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, 9609/7E578, 9609 Medical Center Dr, Rockville, MD 20850. E-mail: troisir{at}mail.nih.gov
The Formation of Martensitic Austenite During Nitridation of Martensitic and Duplex Stainless Steels

Isothermal martensite/ferrite-to-austenite phase transformations have been observed after low-temperature nitridation in the martensite and $$\updelta $$ -ferrite phases in 15-5 PH (precipitation hardening), 17-7 PH, and 2205 (duplex) stainless steels. These transformations, in the region with nitrogen concentrations of 8 to 16 at. pct, are consistent with the notion that nitrogen is a strong austenite stabilizer and substitutional diffusion is effectively frozen at the paraequilibrium temperatures of our experiments. Our microstructural and diffraction analyses provide conclusive evidence for the martensitic nature of these phase transformations.
Abstract 40: cGMP-induced Inhibition of NKCC2 is Blunted in Thick Ascending Limbs from Dahl Salt Sensitive Rats: Role of Decreased PDE2

The natriuretic effect NO is decreased in the Dahl Salt-Sensitive (SS) rat. This is in part due to decreased NO-induced inhibition of thick ascending limb (TAL) NaCl reabsorption. However, the mechanism responsible for this defect in SS rats is unclear. In normal rats, NO inhibits TAL NaCl reabsorption via cGMP. cGMP stimulates phosphodiesterase 2 (PDE2) which degrades cAMP and in turn decreases apical surface levels of the Na-K-2Cl cotransporter NKCC2. We hypothesized that the blunted effect of NO in TALs from SS rats is in part due to a decreased response to cGMP and reduced PDE2 expression. To test our hypothesis, we isolated TALs from adult SS and Dahl Salt-Resistant (SR) rats fed a normal salt diet and measured the effect of cGMP on apical NKCC2 levels by surface biotinylation and Western blot. Incubation of TALs (20 min) with the membrane permeable cGMP analogue db-cGMP (250 μM) decreased surface NKCC2 in SR rats by 22 ± 6% ( p <0.05), while 500 μM decreased it to a maximum of 40 ± 6% ( p <0.01). In SS TALs, the effect db-cGMP was blunted ( p <0.05 vs SR) and only tended to decrease surface NKCC2 (-10± 9%) at 500 μM. Consistent with a decreased response to cGMP, the expression of PDE2 was 20 ± 5% lower in TALs from SS rats ( p <0.05). Finally, we tested whether the effect of the PDE2 selective agonist DM-cBIMP was decreased in SS rats. Incubation of SR TALs with DM-cBIMP decreased surface NKCC2 expression in a dose-dependent manner with a maximum inhibition of 41 ± 6% at 250 μM. In SS TALs, the response was significantly blunted with a maximal inhibition of 20 ± 6% at 250 μM ( p <0.05 vs. SR). We concluded that the decreased response to cGMP in TALs from SS rats is in part due to decreased PDE2 activation and expression. This mechanism is likely responsible for the blunted inhibitory effect of NO in TAL NaCl reabsorption in SS rats and may be involved in the development of salt-sensitive hypertension.
Anesthesia for the patient undergoing total knee replacement: current status and future prospects

Total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has become one of the most common orthopedic surgical procedures performed nationally. As the population and surgical techniques for TKAs have evolved over time, so have the anesthesia and analgesia used for these procedures. General anesthesia has been the dominant form of anesthesia utilized for TKA in the past, but regional anesthetic techniques are on the rise. Multiple studies have shown the potential for regional anesthesia to improve patient outcomes, such as a decrease in intraoperative blood loss, length of stay, and patient mortality. Anesthesiologists are also moving toward multimodal analgesia, which includes peripheral nerve blockade, periarticular injection, and preemptive analgesia. The goal of multimodal analgesia is to improve perioperative pain control while minimizing systemic narcotic consumption. With improved postoperative pain management and rapid patient rehabilitation, new clinical pathways have been engineered to fast track patient recovery after orthopedic procedures. The aim of these clinical pathways was to improve quality of care, minimize unnecessary variations in care, and reduce cost by using streamlined procedures and protocols. The future of TKA care will be formalized clinical pathways and tracks to better optimize perioperative algorithms with regard to pain control and perioperative rehabilitation.
Functional improvement measured by the six-minute walk test after chemotherapy in cardiac AL amyloidosis.

e19539 Background: Light chain amyloidosis (AL) is characterized by the accumulation of misfolded proteins that deposit in tissue causing multisystem organ dysfunction. Current treatments target pl...
Real time compliance monitoring with NSQIP: Successful method for enhanced recovery pathway implementation

Abstract Background Compliance with Enhanced Recovery Pathway (ERP) variables improves clinical outcomes. The National Surgery Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database includes ERP variables. We wish to determine if modifying NSQIP workstation workflow would increase compliance with ERP and improve outcomes following gastrointestinal surgery. Methods NSQIP ERP variables were abstracted from patients enrolled in ERP and undergoing elective surgery within 2 weeks following surgery. The compliance was monitored and shared with a multi-disciplinary group of providers bi monthly. Clinical outcomes and patient experience was measured as a surrogate for successful implementation. Results 71 patients were entered into ERP and compared to 98 baseline patients (non-ERP). Over eight months, compliance improved from 67% to 85%. However, compliance remained lower among postoperative variables (52% - 82%). The median length of stay was educed by 2 days (p = 0.01). There was a trend towards reduction in readmissions, hospital acquired conditions, mean direct variable charge and an improvement in patient experience (Press Ganey) outcomes among the ERP patients compared to non-ERP patients. Discussion Real time monitoring of NSQIP ERP variables provides a structure for ERP implementation. As more programs engage in NSQIP, this workflow may become a key means for improving patient outcomes and safety.
Unmasking of Previously Asymptomatic Central Venous Stenosis following Percutaneous Transluminal Angioplasty of Hemodialysis Access

Abstract Purpose To determine the frequency of new-onset symptoms of central venous stenosis (CVS) after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) of a hemodialysis access–related stenosis in patients with previously asymptomatic CVS and to identify risk factors for this phenomenon. Materials and Methods Retrospective review was performed of patients treated with PTA for an access-related stenosis (excluding central vein interventions) between 2001 and 2016 who returned within 3 months with symptoms of CVS (ie, "unmasking"): 39 patients met these criteria. A control group of 122 patients who had untreated asymptomatic CVS and did not experience unmasking was selected. Fistulograms were graded for degree of CVS. A total of 51% of the unmasked group was male, with an average age of 65 years; 57% of the control group was male, with an average age of 63 years. Results The incidence of unmasking among patients with untreated asymptomatic CVS was 4.9%. A total of 90% of the unmasked group (35 of 39) had upper-arm access, compared with 77% of the control group (94 of 122; P = .017). A total of 28% of unmasked-group patients (11 of 39) underwent thrombectomy, vs 4% of controls (5 of 122; P P = .001). A total of 8% of unmasked-group patients (3 of 39) had superior vena cava stenosis, vs none of the 122 controls ( P = .01). A total of 64% of unmasked-group patients (25 of 39) had extensive collateral vessels, vs 24% of controls (29 of 122; P Conclusions The incidence of unmasking of asymptomatic CVS is low. Prophylactic treatment of asymptomatic CVS therefore remains generally inadvisable. However, patients undergoing declotting with extensive collateral vessels might warrant treatment of asymptomatic CVS.
Estradiol Modulates Hemispheric Lateralization of Auditory Evoked Neural Activity in Male European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris).

Songbirds use learned vocalizations to communicate with conspecifics; predominantly to defend their territory and attract mates ([Eens, 1997][1]). Interestingly, in some songbirds, including European starlings ( Sturnus vulgaris ), the brain regions underlying song production and perception undergo
Fundamentals of Database Systems

From the Publisher: Fundamentals of Database Systems combines clear explanations of theory and design, broad coverage of models and real systems, and excellent examples with up-to-date introductions to modern database technologies. This edition is completely revised and updated, and reflects the latest trends in technological and application development. Professors Elmasri and Navathe focus on the relational model and include coverage of recent object-oriented developments. They also address advanced modeling and system enhancements in the areas of active databases, temporal and spatial databases, and multimedia information systems. This edition also surveys the latest application areas of data warehousing, data mining, web databases, digital libraries, GIS, and genome databases. New to the Third Edition Reorganized material on data modeling to clearly separate entity relationship modeling, extended entity relationship modeling, and object-oriented modeling Expanded coverage of the object-oriented and object/relational approach to data management, including ODMG and SQL3 Uses examples from real database systems including OracleTM and Microsoft AccessAE Includes discussion of decision support applications of data warehousing and data mining, as well as emerging technologies of web databases, multimedia, and mobile databases Covers advanced modeling in the areas of active, temporal, and spatial databases Provides coverage of issues of physical database tuning Discusses current database application areas of GIS, genome, and digital libraries
Population Pharmacokinetic Models: Measures of Central Tendency

The availability of personal computer programs for individualising drug dosage regimens has stimulated interest in modelling population pharmacokinetics. Appropriate use of population models requires knowledge of the distribution of their pharmacokinetic parameter values. If non-Gaussian, it is imperative not to assume that the arithmetic mean is the best measure of central tendency. This has important consequences for therapeutic drug monitoring and for individualising drug dosage regimens.
Human papillomavirus structural antigens in squamous papillomas of the male urethra

Abstract Twenty-five squamous papillomas of the male urethra were examined for the presence of human papillomavirus (HPV) whole (structural) virion antigens by a peroxidase-antiperoxidase technique having immunospecificity against genus-specific (common) antigens of the papillomavirus genus. Eleven of 25 (44 per cent) lesions were positive for HPV. The positive reaction was invariably intranuclear in the superficial epithelium. Evidence suggests that these papillomas arise by HPV infection of metaplastic squamous epithelium and not transitional epithelium. This study shows that at least some squamous papillomas of the male urethra are associated with HPV infections and suggests that this lesion may play an important role in venereally transmitted diseases such as cervical dysplasia and condylomas of the vulva and anus.
Capillary electrophoresis and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation for size-based separation of engineered metallic nanoparticles: A critical comparative review

Abstract In the characterization of nanomaterials, size and size distribution are among the most important parameters. A high-resolution technique is essential for the accurate determination of size distribution for a polydisperse nanoparticle suspension. Although there are many size-based separation techniques available for this purpose, the open channel designs of capillary electrophoresis (CE) and asymmetric flow field-flow fractionation (AF4) provide excellent resolution and sample recovery. AF4 is a diffusion-based separation technique for colloidal particles with an analytical range from a few nanometers to several microns. Capillary electrophoresis separates particles based on their electrophoretic mobility (charge to size ratio) making CE applicable for charged particles. These two techniques can be used for the size-based separation of metallic nanoparticles depending on the surface charge and physicochemical properties of the surrounding medium. The purpose of this work is to provide a comprehensive discussion and comparison of CE and AF4 for the determination of the size and size distribution of engineered metallic nanoparticles.
Leisure Time and Transportation Walking Among Adults With and Without Arthritis in the United States, 2010.

Objective Walking is a joint-friendly activity for adults with arthritis. The aim of this study was to estimate, among adults with arthritis, the prevalence of leisure and transportation walking overall (by arthritis status and by sociodemographic and health characteristics), the number of total minutes walking per week in each domain, and the distributions of walking bout length (i.e., short periods of activity) in minutes. Methods Data were obtained from the 2010 National Health Interview Survey. Prevalence estimates (percentages and 95% confidence intervals [95% CIs]) of leisure and transportation walking in the past 7 days and walking bout times were calculated (in minutes), as were multivariable Poisson regression models, which account for the complex sample design. Results Prevalence of leisure walking was 45.9% (95% CI 44.2-47.6) for adults with arthritis versus 51.9% (95% CI 50.9-52.9) for those without. Transportation walking prevalence was 23.0% (95% CI 21.7-24.4) for adults with arthritis versus 32.0% (95% CI 31.0-33.0) for those without. The total time of leisure walking per week did not differ in adults with arthritis compared to those without (77.3 versus 78.3 minutes, respectively; P = 0.62), while total time of transportation walking did differ (49.8 versus 58.1 minutes, respectively; P = 0.03). The most common walking bout length differed between leisure (26-40 minutes) and transportation (10-15 minutes) walking, but not by arthritis status. In separate adjusted multivariable models, obesity was consistently negatively associated with both walking outcomes, and being physically active was positively associated with both; lower extremity joint pain was not associated. Conclusion By adding short bouts, leisure and transportation walking could be adopted by large proportions of adults with arthritis. Existing evidence-based programs can help increase physical activity.
Overcoming the Multiple-Monomeric-Peak Profile of Broadly Neutralizing HIV-1 Antibody 10E8 with a Unique Size-Exclusion-Chromatography Method

10E8 is a potent broadly neutralizing antibody (bNAb) that targets the membrane-proximal external region (MPER) of the HIV virus. During early analytical development of this bNAb directed towards c...
Diabetes and Disclosure.

Diabetes and Disclosure A medical student with type 1 diabetes has to develop workarounds for her surgical rotation, choose her specialty carefully…and decide whether, when, and how to disclose her...
(Re)producing and challenging gender in and through urban space: women bicyclists' experiences in Chicago.

This research, which uses an intersectional feminist methodological approach, explores the relationships and intersections among women, public urban space, and bicycling, and the gendered processes...
The Basic Education Act of 2013: Why it is One Step Forward and Two Steps Back for Children with Disabilities in Kenya

The Basic Education Act of 2013 ensures the right of all children with disabilities to free and compulsory education for the first time in Kenya. However, the Act continues to perpetuate discrimination against Kenyan children with disabilities. First, the law fails to provide reasonable accommodations in education, which amounts to disability discrimination. Second, the law fails to ensure an inclusive education system as required by article 24 of the CRPD. While there has been some debate as to whether article 24 bans all specials schools, the Basic Education Act creates a system in which all children with disabilities are required to attend separate schools, solely based on their disability. Although an inclusive education system may not be possible to achieve in Kenya overnight, the law does not do enough to promote equal educational opportunities for children with disabilities as required by the CRPD. At the very least, children with disabilities should be guaranteed the right to an education in the least restrictive environment, which, we argue, is possible to achieve immediately. The right to education in the least restrictive setting ensures that children with disabilities are provided the opportunity to learn with their non-disabled peers. However, enforcing the right to education in the least restrictive environment should not be the final goal; it is only a means towards the goal of full inclusion for all children with disabilities in Kenya, as mandated by the CRPD.
Biophysical Properties of HP1-Mediated Heterochromatin

Heterochromatin is a classic context for studying the mechanisms of chromatin organization. At the core of a highly conserved type of heterochromatin is the complex formed between chromatin methylated on histone H3 lysine 9 and HP1 proteins. This type of heterochromatin plays central roles in gene repression, genome stability, and nuclear mechanics. Systematic studies over the last several decades have provided insight into the biophysical mechanisms by which the HP1-chromatin complex is formed. Here, we discuss these studies together with recent findings indicating a role for phase separation in heterochromatin organization and function. We suggest that the different functions of HP1-mediated heterochromatin may rely on the increasing diversity being uncovered in the biophysical properties of HP1-chromatin complexes.
Reciprocal regulation of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma growth and molecular subtype by HNF4α and SIX1/4

Objective Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is an aggressive malignancy with a 5-year survival of less than 5%. Transcriptomic analysis has identified two clinically relevant molecular subtypes of PDAC: classical and basal-like. The classical subtype is characterised by a more favourable prognosis and better response to chemotherapy than the basal-like subtype. The classical subtype also expresses higher levels of lineage specifiers that regulate endodermal differentiation, including the nuclear receptor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 α (HNF4α). The objective of this study is to evaluate the role of HNF4α, SIX4 and SIX1 in regulating the growth and molecular subtype of PDAC. Design We manipulate the expression of HNF4α, SIX4 and SIX1 in multiple in vitro and in vivo PDAC models. We determine the consequences of manipulating these genes on PDAC growth, differentiation and molecular subtype using functional assays, gene expression analysis and cross-species comparisons with human datasets. Results We show that HNF4α restrains tumour growth and drives tumour cells toward an epithelial identity. Gene expression analysis of murine models and human tumours shows that HNF4α activates expression of genes associated with the classical subtype. HNF4α also directly represses SIX4 and SIX1, two mesodermal/neuronal lineage specifiers expressed in the basal-like subtype. Finally, SIX4 and SIX1 drive proliferation and regulate differentiation in HNF4α-negative PDAC. Conclusion Our data show that HNF4α regulates the growth and molecular subtype of PDAC by multiple mechanisms, including activation of the classical gene expression programme and repression of SIX4 and SIX1, which may represent novel dependencies of the basal-like subtype.
When to Refer a Hearing-impaired Patient for a Cochlear Implant Evaluation.

OBJECTIVES To explore the predictive value of utilizing routine audiometry to best determine cochlear implant (CI) candidacy using AzBio sentences. METHODS A retrospective chart review was performed between 2011 and 2018 for 206 adult patients who underwent CI evaluation assessed with AzBio sentences. Better hearing ear word recognition score (WRS) using Northwestern University-6 word lists presented at decibel hearing level from a standard audiogram was used to determine when best to refer a patient for CI evaluation. Predicted AzBio scores from multivariate regression models were calculated and compared with the actual CI candidacy to assess accuracy of the regression models. RESULTS Race, marital status, hearing aid type, better hearing ear WRS, and HL were all independently and significantly associated with AzBio testing in quiet on univariate analyses. Better hearing ear WRS and better hearing ear decibel hearing level predicted AzBio Quiet on multivariate regression analysis. For AzBio +10 dB signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), sex, and better hearing ear WRS each significantly predicted speech perception testing. Predicted CI candidacy was based on AzBio sentence testing of ≤60% for the ease of statistical analysis. Regression models for AzBio sentence testing in quiet and +10 dB SNR agreed with the actual testing most of the time (85.0 and 87.9%, respectively). A generalized linear model was built for both AzBio testing in quiet and +10 dB SNR. CONCLUSION A WRS of <60% in the better hearing ear derived from a routine audiogram will identify 83.1% of CI candidates while appropriately excluding 63.8% of patients.
Subjective social status moderates back pain and mental health in older men.

Back pain and poor mental health are interrelated issues in older men. Evidence suggests that socioeconomic status moderates this relationship, but less is known about the role of subjective social...
Magic and Politics: Conspirituality and COVID-19

Why do people find conspiracy theories attractive, convincing, or useful? In this article, I analyze conspirituality that is, the relationships between New Age spirituality and conspiracy theories in Italy during the COVID-19 lockdown. After distinguishing between conspiracy-believing and belief in conspiracies, I claim that conspiracy-believing could be understood as an aesthetic (sensory and artistic) practice. In doing so, I offer a novel interpretation on conspiracism that complements current scholarship while departing from the latter s focus on the cognitive and emotional weaknesses of those who adopt conspiracy theories. By engaging with the thought of Jacques Ranci re, in conversation with studies on contemporary Paganism and Western esotericism, I consider the adoption of conspiracy theories as an expression of dissensus by a community of sense that does not look only for visibility but, rather, wants to be fully acknowledged, recognized, and legitimized in their participatory" or "magical" way of inhabiting the world. © 2021 Oxford University Press. All rights reserved."
Transitioning from hurting to healing: self-management after distal radius fracture.

Purpose Chronic pain and disability after musculoskeletal trauma support the need for non-biomedical perspectives to frame experiences of recovery. Self-management is a specific holistic lens with implications for improving health outcomes. This qualitative study explored how adults made meaning of self-management after distal radius fracture (DRF). Methods Thirty-one individuals aged 45-72 with a unilateral DRF participated in a semi-structured interview 2-4 weeks after discontinuing full-time wrist immobilization. Interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed, and constructivist grounded theory techniques were used to analyze the data. Results Participants made meaning of self-management as a process of "transitioning from hurting to healing," which occurred via three underlying processes. "Learning because of my injury" included gaining information for empowerment and understanding by physically living through the experience. "Working and hoping toward healing" involved taking active steps to recovery in the face of uncertainty. "Getting back to my normal self" comprised reconnecting to one's body and identity after injury. Conclusions Participants' lived experiences overlapped with those of self-managing chronic conditions, highlighting the need to consider how individuals actively engage in their recovery after DRF. Findings suggest using supportive interventions to facilitate patients' understanding, activation, and engagement in meaningful activity after DRF.Implication for rehabilitationTo maximize health outcomes after distal radius fracture, clinicians should move beyond impairment remediation to supporting multiple dimensions of recovery, including emotional distress and functional limitations.Clinicians should routinely provide early and ongoing information, such as expected symptoms and recovery time frames, to minimize loss of control related to uncertainty.Clinicians should emphasize active interventions, such as collaborative goal setting and functional tasks, that engage patients in their own healing.Clinicians should support patients' early return to meaningful activity to maintain or restore connection to the body and identity.
Investor Impatience and Financial Markets: the Case of the Short Squeeze of Meme Stocks

In this paper, we provide a system of equations to measure investor impatience in financial markets. As in physics, we propose that there exists a measurable force created by external market factors, including investor impatience, which we equate with gravitational force. Using a physics-based Eulerian fluid flow system of equations, we model this force and associated energy conservation equation. We test this hypothesis using minute-by-minute data from meme stocks during a unique market event, the GameStop short squeeze of January 2021. Aside from the effect created by intrinsic market forces, the resulting parameters provide evidence of external force acting on stock prices. We further extend our research to the 2010 flash crash, showing that the system captures external influence on market behavior.
Subcutaneous fat necrosis in an extremely low birth weight infant

We are reporting an infant delivered at weeks of gestation who presented with subcutaneous fat necrosis SCFN
Incidental Carcinoma of the Prostate: An Analysis of the Predictors of Progression

AbstractIncidentally discovered prostatic cancer can pursue a benign clinical course or it can rapidly progress. Differentiating those tumors with low biological potential from more aggressive lesions has been the focus of many reports. To define more completely the variables that can be used to predict those patients with low biological potential requiring limited treatment from those needing more extensive therapy, a retrospective study of 232 patients with incidentally discovered cancer was undertaken. Progressive disease was used as an endpoint for statistical analysis with the Kaplan-Meier technique and Cox’s multiple hazard regression mode. This extensive analysis of multiple parameters demonstrated a significant advantage of survival free of disease for patients presenting with tumors manifesting a lower Gleason score and volume extent. Probability tables were constructed to allow for prediction of the probability of progression for a given patient with incidentally discovered prostate cancer direc...
Cellular Mechanisms of Interictal-Ictal Transitions

Much more is known about processes underlying development of interictal epileptiform discharge than about the mechanisms which convert such localized discharge into ictal episodes and facilitate the spread of epileptogenic activity through adjacent and distant brain regions. It seems reasonable to speculate that those mechanisms known to produce signal amplification and spread of activity in models of epileptogenesis are likely to be involved in interictal-ictal transitions. There are several prerequisites for such processes. First, some type of positive feedback sequence would be required so that increasing activity generated increases in excitability which in turn increased neuronal discharge. This might take place through augmentation of excitatory synaptic drives following use of the circuit (1); recurrent excitatory circuitry (2,3,4); a progressive depression in inhibitory electrogenesis during repetitive activation (5,6,7,8); or activation (inactivation) of membrane currents that are voltage-dependent, and may in some instances be modulated by agonists (9,10,11,12). Other potential positive feedback mechanisms include changes in extracellular microenvironment (13,14,15,16) and ephaptic interactions (17,18).
Voice over internet protocol (VoIP) in the emergency department (ED): A process innovation

The purpose of this research in progress is to empirically test whether VoIP communications in the ED decrease the overall time it takes to see and treat a patient. We are reengineering the business process of Disposition Communication. Business Process Reengineering or Redesign (BPR) literature suggests that redesign projects involving IT do not usually deliver successful results (Mitchell and Zmud, 1999). CacciaBava et al. (2005) suggest that there adding value and technology fit are two often neglected, yet very important factors that healthcare leaders must address when streamlining a process. These two factors relate directly to the process redesign and information technology elements in Mitchell and Zmud’s model. We use a single group experimental design (pre-treatment, treatment, post-treatment) and t-tests to evaluate differences in time data relating to the Disposition Communication Event. We manipulate the method in which doctors communicate and test for decreases in time and increases in throughput.
Low reheating temperatures in monomial and binomial inflationary models

We investigate the allowed range of reheating temperature values in light of the Planck 2015 results and the recent joint analysis of Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) data from the BICEP2/Keck Array and Planck experiments, using monomial and binomial inflationary potentials. While the well studied φ2 inflationary potential is no longer favored by current CMB data, as well as φp with p>2, a φ1 potential and canonical reheating (0w re =) provide a good fit to the CMB measurements. In this last case, we find that the Planck 2015 68% confidence limit upper bound on the spectral index, n s , implies an upper bound on the reheating temperature of T re 6× 1010 GeV, and excludes instantaneous reheating. The low reheating temperatures allowed by this model open the possibility that dark matter could be produced during the reheating period instead of when the Universe is radiation dominated, which could lead to very different predictions for the relic density and momentum distribution of WIMPs, sterile neutrinos, and axions. We also study binomial inflationary potentials and show the effects of a small departure from a φ1 potential. We find that as a subdominant φ2 term in the potential increases, first instantaneous reheating becomes allowed, and then the lowest possible reheating temperature of T re =4 MeV is excluded by the Planck 2015 68% confidence limit.