cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rules of Engagement as Survival Consciousness: Gay Male Law Enforcement Officers’ Experiential Learning in a Masculinized Industry

Gay men face decisions associated with disclosure, the process of coming out as gay, when and if to disclose, and how much information. These decisions carry more weight in masculinized industries ...
Metastases to Parathyroid

Although metastases or secondary direct extension of tumor to parathyroid tissues and tumors is rare, it is known to occur. In a series of 911 papillary thyroid carcinomas, 20 involved the parathyroid by direct invasion from the main tumor with infiltrative growth, invasion of the parathyroid with an expansive growth with pseudocapsule between the carcinoma and the parathyroid, and metastatic tumor within the parathyroid gland. Of the 20 cases, 6 (30 %) had primary thyroid tumors measuring 1 cm or less and 14 (70 %) had primary tumors measuring more than 1 cm, indicating that parathyroid involvement may occur in papillary thyroid carcinomas even in the early stage of the disease. A study of 1,770 thyroid carcinomas identified 10 (6 papillary, 3 follicular, and 1 anaplastic thyroid carcinoma) with parathyroid metastases (0.5 %). Other tumors in the neck may involve the parathyroid secondarily. Hepatocellular carcinoma, breast carcinoma, and tumors from other visceral sites may occasionally metastasize to the parathyroid or even to a parathyroid adenoma.
Abstract 288: Predicting Return of Spontaneous Circulation Using Cerebral Oximetry and End Tidal CO2

Background: Previous literature has identified ETCO2 as a good predictor of ROSC. Cerebral Oximetry (CerOx) utilizes near infrared spectroscopy to non-invasively measure regional O2 saturation of the frontal lobes of the brain. Objectives: The objective of this study is to compare the predictive value of simultaneously measured ETCO2 and CerOx for ROSC during CPR. Methods: We conducted an IRB approved, prospective study on a convenience sample of subjects suffering cardiac arrest. Subjects were monitored with ETCO2 and CerOx simultaneously during CPR performed in the ED. We analyzed the data using logistic regression modeling and ROC curve analysis. Results: We analyzed 135 events. Mean age was 64.5±15.6 years. 90 (66.7%) were witnessed arrests with 78 (57.8%) receiving bystander CPR. Average downtime was 24.9±15.0 minutes. ROSC was achieved in 39 (28.9%) of these subjects. Initial rhythm presented as 58 (43.0%) asystole, 52 (38.5%) PEA and 25 (18.5%) VF/VT. A series of binary logistic regression models were run in which various derivations of ETCO2 and CerOx were simultaneously entered into the model to predict ROSC. CerOx, but not ETCO2, proved to be a significant predictor in determining ROSC for the following variables: regression slope during the full code [CerOx p<0.000, ETCO2 p<0.386], regression slope during the last 5 minutes of the resuscitation [CerOx p<0.000, ETCO2 p<0.749], maximum value recorded during resuscitation [CerOx p<0.000, ETCO2 p<0.858]. Both CerOx and ETCO2 proved to be significant predictors of ROSC for the following variables: last value recorded during resuscitation [CerOx p<0.000, ETCO2 p<0.009], the change from first value recorded to last value recorded [CerOx p<0.000, ETCO2 p<0.000]. CerOx also proved to be a better predictor of ROSC than ETCO2 when utilizing a ROC curve analysis: last values recorded [CerOx, AUC=0.856; ETCO2, AUC=0.761] and maximum values recorded [CerOx, AUC=0.802; ETCO2, AUC=0.630]. Conclusions: CerOx is a better predictor of ROSC than ETCO2 when analyzed by the whole resuscitation effort, the last five minutes, the maximum value, the last value recorded, and the change in values from first to last recordings during CPR. The maximum and last values of CerOx are good diagnostic tests for predicting ROSC.
Effects of nitrogen sources at various temperatures on Papulospora thermophila.

(1974). Effects of Nitrogen Sources at Various Temperatures on Papulospora Thermophila. Mycologia: Vol. 66, No. 5, pp. 876-880.
Interface Between Atomic Layer Deposition Ta2O5 Films and GaAs(100) Surfaces

Ta2O5 films were deposited on GaAs(100) surfaces using thermal atomic layer deposition from pentakis dimethyl amino tantalum (PDMAT) and H2O. The interface between the films and native oxide covered GaAs surfaces has been examined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy as a function of film thickness and for deposition temperatures ranging from 200 to 350 °C. Gradual removal of the surface arsenic and gallium oxides was observed, with the removal of the arsenic oxides in general more efficient. The high oxidation states of both the arsenic and the gallium oxides were also found easier to remove. Elevation of the process temperature above 300 °C resulted in significant enhancement of the native oxide removal rate. When films were deposited on GaAs surfaces that had the surface oxides removed, a practically sharp interface between the film and the GaAs substrate was maintained.
ANALYSIS OF LPG TANK FIREED & BLASTED ACCIDENTS

Recent years, many LPG gas storage stations have been built in many places in our country, the safe and reliable running of the LPG tank is highly significant for the safe production and civil economy. LPG tanks are easy to be fired and blasted under the human factors and natural phenomena. All factors made the LPG tank fired and blasted were analyzed, and the fault tree with failure of LPG tank fired and blasted as the top subject was established in the paper. The minimum cut-set of the fault tree was obtained through analyzing the fired and blasted fault tree. The major factors made the LPG tank fired and blasted were the higher pressure of LPG tank and the leakage of LPG tank, and the improvement measures of the running reliability of the LPG tank were presented in the paper.
A Computationally Designed Protein-Ligand Interaction is Mechanically Robust

Quantifying the energetics and dynamics protein-ligand interactions is critical to understanding molecular recognition. Computational design provides an exciting means by which to expand the repertoire of naturally existing protein-ligand interactions for diverse biomedical applications. In both cases, rapid and precise determination of the fundamental physical parameters that govern the strength of a protein-ligand bond is needed. A particularly powerful technique is single molecule force spectroscopy (SMFS), which generally reports the off-rate at zero applied force (koff) and the distance to the transition state (Δx‡). Here, we used constant-force SMFS to characterize the computationally designed protein DIG10.3 binding to its target ligand, the steroid digoxigenin. To improve the precision and throughput of molecular recognition studies using atomic force microscopy, we integrated a number of technical improvements, including low-drift cantilevers, site-specific coupling, and corrected pulling geometries. Our enhanced precision allowed us to not only determine koff (= 4 ± 0.1×10−4 s−1) and Δx‡ (= 8.3 ± 0.1 A,), but also the height of the transition state (ΔG‡ = 6.3 ± 0.2 kCal/mol) and the shape of the energy barrier at the transition sate (linear-cubic potential). Importantly, by doing so in an automated and relatively rapid manner (<2 days of instrument time), we anticipate that these measured energy landscape parameters can provide valuable experimentally feedback to further optimize computational design of protein-ligand interactions.
Numerical Analysis of Fluid-Solid Coupling of the Underground Liquid-Storage Tanks Subjected to the Ground Shock Induced by Explosions

The properties of earthquake-resistance of liquid-storage tanks have been investigated intensively.However,little attention is paid to the properties of blast-resistance of liquid-storage tanks,especially under the ground shock induced by explosions.In order to obtain a better understanding of dynamic response of the underground liquid-storage tanks subjected to the ground shock induced by explosions,numerical analysis of liquid and solid coupling is carried out in this paper.The analyses focus on the height of sloshing wave,the stress and the strain of the tank wall,the uplifting of the base plate and the causes and mechanism of the Elephant Foot phenomenon of floating tanks.The analytical results indicate that dynamic responses of the underground liquid-storage tanks subjected to the ground shock induced by explosions are quite different from that under earthquake loading and the frequently-used calculation method which is derived from the investigative results of earthquake actions is not suitable for the case of ground shock induced by explosions.
Concerning about Chinese Rural Special Education:on the Focused,Heated,Difficult and Ignored Issues

Upon discussing and formulating the Medium-term Planning framework for China's Educational Reform and Development,it is necessary to pay high respect to the research areas of Chinese rural education and special education.This article discusses the focused,heated,difficult,and ignored problems in these research areas.The article further summarizes and systematically analyzes the original reasons for these issues,and proposes the corresponding advices and suggestions to better solve these problems.
Sonographic Diagnosis of the Fetus with Mild Lateral Ventriculomegaly in Middle and Late Pregnancy

Objective: To investigate the ultrasonographic manifestations of mild lateral ventriculomegaly and the pregnancy outcome in middle and late pregnancy. Methods: Clinical data of 60 fetuses diagnosed by ultrasound were analyzed retrospectively,which were confirmed by inducing abortion or by postpartum follow-up. Results: The total number of fetuses with isolated mild fetal ventriculomegaly were 42 and fetuses with other malformations 18(1 with high risk of NTD, 2 with high risk 21- trisomy), including 30 cases with unilateal and 30 cases with bilateral mild fetal lateral ventriculomegaly. The average width of the lateral ventricles was 13.1mm(10.5~14.5 mm). The pregnancy was terminated in 22 pregnant women, and the lateral ventricles in 32 cases(2 cases were one of the of twins) were normal lately, and 4 cases were normal in postpartum follow-up, and 2 cases were hydrocephalus confirmed by ultrasound and MRI. Conclusion: Ultrasound is an important imaging means in diagnosing mild fetal lateral ventriculomegaly, and it has an important effect for the outcome of pregnancy.
Quantification of Cell Motility

Cellular migration is an integral aspect in response to extracellular stimuli, which is fundamental to numerous biological processes such as embryogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, tissue regeneration, and tumor invasion and metastasis (1,2). Abundant studies centered on the identification and characterization of factors that regulate and direct cell movement have shown that host serum components and extracellular matrix breakdown products exert a chemotactic effect on various tumor cells (3) and that basement membrane and extracellular matrix components promote cellular haptotaxis (4). Furthermore, host growth factors influence recipient cells by modulating growth and motility independently or in a coordinated manner (2). Moreover, cellular migration in vitro has been reported to be correlated with tumor invasion and metastasis in vivo. A group of motility factors has been described, the primary function of which is thought to be the regulation of cellular kinesis. Motility factors have been originally distinguished by their ability to induce the random (chemoki-netic) and directional (chemotactic) migration of the cells (5). Therefore, quantitating the cell motility is one of the most important clues to comprehend the cellular characteristics of malignancy and/or the effect and activities of motility inducing properties. Gold colloidal method was invented to measure the random motility (chemokinesis) by Albrecht-Buehler, in which area of phagokinetic track cleared by a single cell is measured (6). The Boyden chamber method, described in Chapter 5 by Brown and Bicknell, was invented to quantitate the directional motility (chemotaxis) and was modified in various ways to.
Toward Interdisciplinary Care: Bridging the Divide between Biomedical and Alternative Health Care Providers.

Responding to suggestions that physicians are obligated to inquire fully about complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use and its scientific evidence, to acknowledge patients' health beliefs and practices, and to accommodate diverse healing practices, our interdisciplinary CAM integration project created an advisory committee (AC) composed of CAM practitioners and institutional personnel to incorporate CAM- related information into health professions training. We report on the collaborative process and describe group members' perceptions of medicine and clinical teaching.Information collected from the first two years' quarterly meetings, the first annual retreat, and other venues was analyzed in conjunction with semi-structured in-person interviews of 10 biomedical and CAM practitioner committee members. Data were analyzed using qualitative methodology and N5 software to identify themes and patterns.Analysis confirmed expectations that allopathic and CAM AC members held different views of health and healing. Member comments reflected points of tension that clustered into three intertwined themes: what constitutes evidence, interaction with the patient, and the relative importance of experience in learning. Recommendations for designing interdisciplinary CAM curricula are presented.Differences between CAM and allopathic providers were frequent but did not obviate common goals or collaboration. Results demonstrate the potential for collaboration between these groups and our activities may be useful to others seeking to implement interdisciplinary care, particularly between CAM and allopathic providers.
Lifespan of corpora lutea induced in estrous-synchronized cycling and anestrous ewes.

The effect of pretreatment with flurogestone acetate (FA) on the lifespan of corpora lutea induced with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin (PMS) was examined in cycling and anestrous ewes. Cycling ewes received one of three treatments: 750 IU PMS 2 d before expected estrus (P), FA-impregnated vaginal sponges for 16 d (F), and FA sponges for 16 d and 750 IU PMS 2 d before sponge removal (FP). A fourth group served as controls (C). When compared with d 12 means within treatment, plasma progesterone means were lower (P less than .05) on d 16 in control ewes, on d 15 in P and F ewes, and on d 14 in FP ewes. Only 44% of ewes receiving FA treatment alone exhibited estrus (P less than .05) compared with 100% of untreated ewes. The FP treatment increased ovulation rate compared with controls (P less than .01). The decrease in luteal lifespan observed in cycling ewes suggests a possibility of asynchrony between the uterus and embryo, which could result in failure of an embryo to prevent luteal regression, thus resulting in reduced fertility. None of the seasonally anestrous ewes that received PMS alone and only 55% of those treated with FA sponges for 8 d before PMS injection exhibited estrus. Ewes pretreated with FA exhibited higher plasma progesterone concentrations on d 10 through 16 after PMS injection. There were no differences in luteal lifespan as measured by peripheral plasma progesterone patterns. Although FA treatment did not alter luteal lifespan in anestrous ewes, the increased plasma progesterone concentrations observed with FA treatment suggest that progestogen pretreatment may be essential for optimal luteal function.
U4+:SrF2 Efficient Saturable Absorber Q-Switch for the 1.54 μm Er: Glass Laser

Saturable absorber Q-switching of the 1.54 μm Er:glass laser using U4+:SrF2 has been obtained for the first time. Q-switched pulses of 3 mJ, 60 nanoseconds FWHM were achieved using a 2.69 mm thick Q-switch in a 14 cm long flat-flat cavity, with a 3 x 50 mm Kigre QE-7S Englass rod. Pulses of 40 mJ, 64 nanoseconds have been obtained using a 4 x 76 mm Er:glass laser rod. The high absorption cross-section of U4+:SrF2 at 1.54 μm resulted in efficient Q-switched operation (without intracavity focussing) in agreement with the theoretical predictions.
INTERFERONS AND DRUG METABOLISM

ABSTRACT The cytochrome P-450 system is one of the major sites for metabolism of drugs in the liver. Several studies have shown that treatment of rats with inducers of alpha/beta interferon resulted in depression of the cytochrome P-450 system, and the metabolism of drugs by that system. In mice, the degree of depression of the cytochrome P-450 system correlated with the genetic ability of inbred strains of mice to produce alpha/beta interferon in response to an inducer. In humans, individuals vaccinated with agents that can induce alpha/beta interferon demonstrated enhanced retention of the drug theophylline, and at times even reached toxic levels. We have been able to show that induction of or passive transfer of actual exogenous gamma interferon resulted in depression of the cytochrome P-450 system. Prolonged retention of the drug phenytoin was also observed when gamma interferon was induced or passively transferred. Very recent studies using very large quantities of pure alpha interferon obtained from bacteria that have incorporated mammalian genes for interferon production have indicated that passive transfer of alpha/beta interferon can also inhibit the cytochrome P-450 system. These results suggest that the inhibition of the cytochrome P-450 system by interferon inducers or interferon may play some role in synergistic beneficial effects observed in clinical trials when both interferon and a chemotherapeutic agent are applied. We are currently carrying out studies to determine the mechanism and significance of these effects.
PERSONNEL SANITATION PROBLEMS IN NON-STERILE FOOD PROCESSING

Properties of the salmonellae are reviewed briefly to emphasize their potential for persistence in the environment, their widespread occurrence, and the ease with which they can be spread. These are related to observed undesirable practices by working personnel in foods processing plants. Stress is placed upon the role of management and its representatives, to exercise continuing alertness to situations, to continual supervision, and to a program of continuing education, to bring about compliance with good hygienic practices among the labor force.
Sports vision training: A review of the state-of-the-art in digital training techniques

Athletes need excellent vision to perform well in their sports, and many athletes have turned to vision training programs as a way to augment their traditional training regimen. The growing practic...
AGE-RELATED IMMUNE SENESCENCE AND MICROBIOTA DYSBIOSIS:LESSONS FROM THE FLY

We study the Drosophila intestine as a genetically accessible model in which to explore interactions between the commensal microbiota and the regenerating intestinal epithelium in the context of aging. In the aging fly, intestinal stem cells (ISC) over-proliferate, causing epithelial dysplasia and limiting lifespan. In recent work, we have established a role for age-related immune-senescence and associated commensal dysbiosis in this breakdown of homeostasis. Our findings deepen our understanding of the regulation of proliferative homeostasis in aging barrier epithelia, and suggest potentially conserved mechanisms by which proliferative homeostasis can be preserved in the long term, extending lifespan. I will present recent findings that suggest that the underlying age-related dysfunction that results in dysbiosis and dysplasia is a gastric metaplasia, caused by chronic JAK/STAT activation in the gastric region of the fly intestine.
Challenges in Pattern Recognition: Navigating Assessment of Thyroid Features and the Subjectivity of Ultrasound Interpretation

Gone are the days when workup of a thyroid nodule was simply deciding based on size whether to perform a thyroid nodule biopsy. The new ATA Guidelines and guidelines of all organizations involved in the care of thyroid patients have put forth distinct ultrasound and clinical characteristics to aid clinicians in making appropriate and cost-effective decisions in the setting of an epidemic of thyroid nodules. Previous simplistic algorithms resulted in a low positive predictive value because all nodules of a certain size were getting biopsied. Most clinicians are quite happy that these guidelines exist. Previously lack of clear-cut algorithms led to cascading effects of various tests and led to physician and patient anxiety. Clinicians need to choose which thyroid nodules to biopsy based on a reasonable chance of the nodule harboring a clinically meaningful cancer. Ideally those populations/nodules with a high prevalence of thyroid cancer guided by risk factor assessment, specifics of imaging and clinical exam should get biopsied to provide the best positive predictive value. Obtaining FNA biopsy based on a single radiographic factor alone, such as nodule size, is discouraged. Recognizing patterns of thyroid nodules in the setting of diffuse disorders of the thyroid such as Hashimoto’s and Graves’ disease themselves results in distortion of the normal thyroid echoarchitecture and is even more challenging. This chapter addresses contemporary challenges in pattern recognition as they affect daily clinical care in ultrasound interpretation and ultrasound interventional decision-making.
A novel A(H7N2) influenza virus isolated from a veterinarian caring for cats in a New York City animal shelter causes mild disease and transmits poorly in the ferret model.

In December 2016, a low-pathogenic avian influenza (LPAI) A(H7N2) virus was identified to be the causative source of an outbreak in a cat shelter in New York City, which subsequently spread to multiple shelters in the states of New York and Pennsylvania. One person with occupational exposure to infected cats became infected with the virus, representing the first LPAI H7N2 virus infection in a human in North America since 2003. Considering the close contact that frequently occurs between companion animals and humans, it was critical to assess the relative risk of this novel virus to public health. The virus isolated from the human case, A/New York/108/2016 (NY/108), caused mild and transient illness in ferrets and mice but did not transmit to naive cohoused ferrets following traditional or aerosol-based inoculation methods. The environmental persistence of NY/108 virus was generally comparable to that of other LPAI H7N2 viruses. However, NY/108 virus replicated in human bronchial epithelial cells with an increased efficiency compared with that of previously isolated H7N2 viruses. Furthermore, the novel H7N2 virus was found to utilize a relatively lower pH for hemagglutinin activation, similar to human influenza viruses. Our data suggest that the LPAI H7N2 virus requires further adaptation before representing a substantial threat to public health. However, the reemergence of an LPAI H7N2 virus in the northeastern United States underscores the need for continuous surveillance of emerging zoonotic influenza viruses inclusive of mammalian species, such as domestic felines, that are not commonly considered intermediate hosts for avian influenza viruses.IMPORTANCE Avian influenza viruses are capable of crossing the species barrier to infect mammals, an event of public health concern due to the potential acquisition of a pandemic phenotype. In December 2016, an H7N2 virus caused an outbreak in cats in multiple animal shelters in New York State. This was the first detection of this virus in the northeastern United States in over a decade and the first documented infection of a felid with an H7N2 virus. A veterinarian became infected following occupational exposure to H7N2 virus-infected cats, necessitating the evaluation of this virus for its capacity to cause disease in mammals. While the H7N2 virus was associated with mild illness in mice and ferrets and did not spread well between ferrets, it nonetheless possessed several markers of virulence for mammals. These data highlight the promiscuity of influenza viruses and the need for diligent surveillance across multiple species to quickly identify an emerging strain with pandemic potential.
Simulation of friction and stiction in multibody dynamics model problems

ABSTRACTA continuous model of Coulomb friction is used with a tangent space formulation of differential algebraic equations of motion for simulation of multibody dynamic model problems. Characteristics of the model problems studied are similar to those encountered in broad classes of multibody systems, without the associated geometric and analytical complexities. An implicit trapezoidal numerical solution algorithm is used to simulate dynamic response that includes the onset of stiction, its progression, and its termination, avoiding stiff behavior that is reported in the literature when index 3 formulations are used. Analytical criteria for stiction are derived for a three mass Coulomb friction model problem that defines the onset of and departure from stiction events with redundant equations of constraint. The tangent space formulation with implicit trapezoidal integration is applied to this analytical model to compute dynamic response, determine ranges of constraint forces that may occur during periods...
Exploration and tradeoff of advanced sensor fusion architectures in designing for reduced congestion using advanced traffic management techniques

As a response to rapidly increasing costs due to congestion in urban traffic environments, the development of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) has paved the way towards new and innovative mobility concepts. With most of these concepts offering benefits in travel time and congestion relief, they also come with requirements of a fully participating vehicle network and a centralized routing architecture which is encountered with skepticism. To bridge the gap between concepts and reality, an intermediate, transitional centralized routing solution is recommended. With the selection of a viable routing control method as a key objective, this work is proposing a sensor fusion approach that is informed by traffic situational awareness. Testing and evaluation through a virtual experimentation framework will allow for assessment of alternative control methods, and will enable tradeoffs for the selection of more capable sensor fusion architectures. A demonstration of the virtual experimentation environment is provided, showing trades in travel time reduction for differing levels of vehicle participation in the routing solution.
Cognitive Mapping as Participatory Engagement in Social Science Research on Sustainability

What does it mean to be a green citizen? To date, discussion of green citizenship has been heavily rooted in theory, drawing largely from political and consumer studies. The scant empirical evidence exploring the behavioral components of this concept has overwhelmingly focused on individuals’ identification as “green” via their role as consumers. However, little empirical research exists exploring participant-driven understandings of what it means to be a green citizen and how this role relates to and expands upon that of the green consumer. This study seeks to resolve these gaps by expanding the definition of green citizenship through a participatory process called the Conceptual Content Cognitive Mapping exercise (3CM). Through this modified card-sorting task, participants are able to visually communicate their lived understandings of green citizenship by arranging and categorizing labeled cards into networks of meaning that reflect their personal understandings of this abstract concept. This chapter will focus on the 3CM exercise as a fruitful methodology to promote participant engagement in social science research on sustainability in general, and green citizenship in particular.
Agitate. Educate. Organize: Demonstrating Solidarity in the Co-Curricula

In this chapter, the author focuses on activism in the context of the collegiate experience. An experiential learning trip to Memphis, TN, teaches students the knowledge, skills, and abilities to contribute to the leadership process, to build their own power, and to hold people in power accountable. In traditional service-learning settings, those most affected by an issue are typically seen in a client role: receiving services from nonprofit agencies. Through the Student Service Break: Memphis experience, students meet people experiencing homelessness and/or poverty as leaders engaging in their communities to demand and bring about social change. Students participating in community organizing efforts engage in a social justice pedagogy that changes the students, their campus, and the local community.
Macropinocytosis Fuels Prostate Cancer

Kim and colleagues identify necrotic debris as a macropinocytic cargo in PTEN-deficient prostate cancer cells, which is catabolized to generate the nutrients and biomass necessary to support tumor cell growth and metabolism in nutrient-limiting conditions. Cancer Discov; 8(7); 800-2. ©2018 AACR.See related article by Kim et al., p. 866.
Domain Wall Tunneling in a One Dimensional Ferromagnet

We report studies of the motion of individual domain walls in very narrow Ni wires. Using measurements of the electrical resistance, we have observed pinning and de-pinning of walls on structural defects. The behavior of the fields required for de-pinning suggest that this process is thermally activated at high temperatures, and occurs via tunneling at low temperatures. The cross-over temperature is found to be ~ 4 K, which is in order of magnitude agreement with the theory.
Detection of Structural Changes in a Bridge Model

This paper presents some experimental results from an exploratory study of a highly idealized physical bridge model to gauge the potential of vibrational analysis techniques to detect structural changes on the basis of response measurements and modal parameters variation.
Partitioning of chlorpyrifos between water and an aquatic macrophyte ()

Abstract Chlorpyrifos is a widely used organophosphate (OP) insecticide. As such, the potential for off-site migration exists. This research was conducted to determine the ability of plant material ( Elodea densa ) to accumulate chlorpyrifos from the water column. Our system consisted of one hundred Elodea densa stems in a 38 L glass tank in moderately-hard water (80g CaCO 3 /L H 2 O). Water and plant samples were collected prior to fortification and in intervals from 1 hour to 14 days after onset of the experiment. Chlorpyrifos was shown to dissipate over a 2-week period in the aqueous phase and accumulate in Elodea densa . From our studies, it is apparent that these aquatic macrophytes have the ability to sorb organic compounds, such as chlorpyrifos, and assist in removing them from the aqueous environment.
Transdiaphragmatic adrenalectomy for metastatic cervical adenocarcinoma: a technical case report

We present a 60-year old woman with recurrent cervical adenocarcinoma who presented with metastasis to both lungs and to her right adrenal gland. A thoracotomy was performed for resection of her pulmonary metastasis and then the right adrenal gland was excised through a trans-diaphragmatic approach. The adrenal gland resection was more complex due to involvement of the tumor with the inferior vena cava (IVC) which was repaired with a PTFE patch graft. This case demonstrates both an interesting approach to surgical resection of multiple metastases as well as a safe, although more challenging, alternative to partially resect and repair the IVC.
High Repetition Rate Production of Picosecond Pulses at Wavelength <250 nm

Two of the major challenges to ultrafast laser spectroscopists are the generation of the needed wavelengths and the production of a sufficient transient population for observation. As laser pulses become shorter, this second requirement becomes evermore difficult to meet; to create the same excited population in picoseconds rather than nanoseconds may require 1000 times the peak intensity and a corresponding increase in unwanted nonlinear processes in the sample. In this paper we describe a laser system for generating picosecond pulses with wavelength 5MW in a dye medium pumped by a copper vapor laser. The high peak powers allow nonlinear optical techniques to shift the wavelength of the pulses well into the UV as in many of the high-power low repetition-rate laser systems [1–5]. The high repetition rate of the system described here, however, allows for sophisticated signal averaging needed in detecting extremely small populations of transients using pumpprobe picosecond spectroscopy.
Charcot-Leyden crystals: solving an enigma.

In this issue of Blood , Ueki et al elegantly demonstrate the active formation of Charcot-Leyden crystals (CLCs) during eosinophil cytolysis. 1 After confirming the association of CLC deposition with eosinophilic inflammation and eosinophil plasma membrane disruption in tissue sections by light and electron microscopy, Ueki et al used a combination of sophisticated imaging techniques, including immunofluorescent time-lapse photography, to follow the course of CLC formation in vitro in response to a variety of stimuli that induce eosinophil extracellular trap death (EETosis). The association of CLC with the disintegration of eosinophils was proposed as early as the 1940s, 2 and agents, such as Aerosol MA, which disrupt the integrity of eosinophils, were subsequently shown to promote CLC formation in vitro in the surrounding media. 3 Ueki et al provide the first definitive evidence that CLC formation is energy-dependent and closely tied to the process of EETosis (see figure).
Understanding the Reactivity and Selectivity of Fluxional Chiral DMAP‐Catalyzed Kinetic Resolutions of Axially Chiral Biaryls

Fluxional chiral DMAP-catalyzed kinetic resolutions of axially chiral biaryls were examined using density functional theory. Computational analyses lead to a revised understanding of this reaction in which the interplay of numerous non-covalent interactions control the conformation and flexibility of the active catalyst, the preferred mechanism, and the stereoselectivity. Notably, while the DMAP catalyst itself is confirmed to be highly fluxional, electrostatically driven π⋅⋅⋅π+ interactions render the active, acylated form of the catalyst highly rigid, explaining its pronounced stereoselectivity.
Variability of Antibiotic Prescribing in a Large Healthcare Network Despite Adjusting for Patient-Mix: Reconsidering Targets for Improved Prescribing.

Background In the outpatient setting, the majority of antibiotic prescriptions are for acute respiratory infections (ARIs), but most of these infections are viral and antibiotics are unnecessary. We analyzed provider-specific antibiotic prescribing in a group of outpatient clinics affiliated with an academic medical center to inform future interventions to minimize unnecessary antibiotic use. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study of patients who presented with an ARI to any of 15 The Emory Clinic (TEC) primary care clinic sites between October 2015 and September 2017. We performed multivariable logistic regression analysis to examine the impact of patient, provider, and clinic characteristics on antibiotic prescribing. We also compared provider-specific prescribing rates within and between clinic sites. Results A total of 53.4% of the 9600 patient encounters with a diagnosis of ARI resulted in an antibiotic prescription. The odds of an encounter resulting in an antibiotic prescription were independently associated with patient characteristics of white race (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.59; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.47-1.73), older age (aOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.20-1.46 for patients 51 to 64 years; aOR = 1.32, 95% CI = 1.20-1.46 for patients ≥65 years), and comorbid condition presence (aOR = 1.19; 95% CI, 1.09-1.30). Of the 109 providers, 13 (12%) had a rate significantly higher than predicted by modeling. Conclusions Antibiotic prescribing for ARIs within TEC outpatient settings is higher than expected based on prescribing guidelines, with substantial variation in prescribing rates by site and provider. These data lay the foundation for quality improvement interventions to reduce unnecessary antibiotic prescribing.
Spatial-temporal analysis of soil water storage and deep drainage under irrigated potatoes in the Central Sands of Wisconsin, USA

Abstract Knowledge of soil water storage and deep drainage is important for improving irrigation efficiency, maximizing crop water use, and understanding groundwater table fluctuation. This is particularly important in sandy soils that depend on irrigation to produce high crop yields. In sandy soils under potato in the Wisconsin Central Sand Plains, soil water storage using tension probes was measured in three irrigation zones over the 2014 and 2015 growing seasons. Soil water storage was estimated across a 78 ha field using apparent electrical conductivity maps. Deep drainage was estimated using the Richards’ equation and Hydrus-1D software. It was found that the average soil water storage ranged from 74 to 110 mm in the top 0.45 m in three irrigation zones in 2014, and from 70 to 95 mm in 2015. Rainfall and irrigation was 387 and 269 mm in 2014, and 328 and 281 mm in 2015. Estimated deep drainage was uniform in three irrigation zones, and ranged from 222 to 244 mm in 2014, and from 167 to 180 mm in 2015. A negative correlation was found between soil water storage and potato yields possibly due to over-irrigation. The methods used in this study can be applied to improve irrigation and water use efficiency.
Open Technique for Resection of Cancers of the Jejunum and Ileum

Although relatively rare, the incidence of small bowel cancer has steadily increased over the past two decades. The most common tumors of the small intestine include: adenocarcinoma, gastrointestinal stromal tumors, lymphomas, and gastrointestinal neuroendocrine tumors. These tumors often remain asymptomatic until late in their course, which makes timely diagnosis difficult. For most small bowel tumors, surgical resection in a timely manner remains the only potentially curative treatment option. The principles of surgical treatment include thorough exploration of the abdomen to identify the primary tumor and any metastatic disease followed by wide en bloc resection of the primary tumor. Bowel continuity is then achieved through an isoperistaltic anastomosis.
Success of a Tobacco Cessation Program for Parents at a Children's Hospital

BACKGROUND: Children are most affected by passive smoke and least able to avoid it. The Tobacco Dependence Program was developed to help reduce first-, second-, and thirdhand smoke exposure to our patients while they are in the hospital. METHODS: The Tobacco Dependence Program consists of a director, 3 coordinators, and 15 team members certified as tobacco treatment specialists. The program is offered to any admitted patient or his or her caregiver(s). We support participants whether their goal is to quit smoking or to abstain during the hospitalization. We provide weekly counseling and free over-the-counter nicotine replacement therapy for the entire duration of the hospitalization. The inclusion criterion for caregivers is a 7-d minimum stay. In-patients are automatically eligible. Before discharge, we provide a referral to an out-patient program. RESULTS: As of March 2019, we enrolled 138 participants, 5% were in-patients. Fifty-five percent had children who were critically ill and in the ICU: pediatric ICU/progressive care unit (PCU) 28%, neonatal ICU 19%, cardiac ICU (CICU) 9%. The ethnicity of the participants was predominately white (56%), followed by African American (33%), Hispanic (12%), and Asian ( CONCLUSIONS: The Tobacco Dependence Program offers support to families as they begin the cessation process and provide the tools to continue a smoke-free lifestyle after discharge. The program is feasible and welcomed to assist patients and families in this process.
Common Law or Cohabitation: A Primer for Couples’ Counselors:

Understanding variations in conjugal relationships can help counselors and clients cocreate a template for these relationships in terms of their interactions with the broader society and as related...
Adaptation to darkness

Abstract Light plays a key role in the diversification of life as a source of energy and visual information. Its absence thus constitutes the prime challenge for organisms that transition to an exclusive existence in the darkness of caves. Adaptation to the absence of light as information source results in regressive trait changes such as, most pervasively, the reduction or loss of circadian activity rhythms, eyes (anophthalmia), and body pigmentation (albinism). These key traits of troglomorphy additionally involve the constructive, compensatory enhancement of nonvisual sense organs. Adaptations to the absence of light as an energy source are equally dramatic, affecting life history, physiology, and behavior. At the population genetic level, both directional and relaxed selection underlie troglomorphic trait change. Species-specific solutions to the lack of light in caves are diverse. Their study has established resourceful model species in comparative and biomedical research.
Polybrominated Diphenyl Ethers

Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) are an important class of flame retardants, widely used in a variety of consumer products. In the past two decades, PBDEs have become widespread environmental pollutants, and have been detected in water, soil, air, dust, and animal and human tissues. Primary routes of exposure are diet (fish, meat, dairy products) and the indoor environment (dust). Infants and toddlers have the highest body burden, due to exposure to maternal milk and to house dust. Of the 209 possible PBDE congeners, a number of tetra-, penta-, and hexaBDEs, and decaBDE, are commonly found in humans. Though most PBDEs have been banned or are being phased out, they are still persistent in the environment. Concern on possible adverse health effects focuses on their potential endocrine disrupting action and on their potential developmental neurotoxicity.
Interfacing electronic and genetic circuits.

Synthetic genetic circuits leverage the information processing capability of biological machinery to tackle complex sensing tasks, yet they lack many of the advantages inherent to electrical computation. Now, an interface has been designed that provides an electrical output for synthetic genetic circuits.
Association Between Smell, Taste, and Depression in Nationally Representative Sample of Older Adults in the United States:

ObjectivesTo characterize the association between quantitative olfactory dysfunction (OD) and gustatory dysfunction and depression in older adults.MethodsThe 2013–2014 National Health and Nutrition...
Identification of Three New GGDEF and EAL Domain-Containing Proteins Participating in the Scr Surface Colonization Regulatory Network in Vibrio parahaemolyticus.

ABSTRACT Vibrio parahaemolyticus rapidly colonizes surfaces using swarming motility. Surface contact induces the surface-sensing regulon, including lateral flagellar genes, spurring dramatic shifts in physiology and behavior. The bacterium can also adopt a sessile, surface-associated lifestyle and form robust biofilms. These alternate colonization strategies are influenced reciprocally by the second messenger c-di-GMP. Although V. parahaemolyticus possesses 43 predicted proteins with the c-di-GMP-forming GGDEF domain, none have been previously been identified as contributors to surface colonization. We sought to explore this knowledge gap by using a suppressor transposon screen to restore the swarming motility of a nonswarming, high-c-di-GMP strain. Two diguanylate cyclases, ScrJ and ScrL, each containing tetratricopeptide repeat-coupled GGDEF domains, were demonstrated to contribute additively to swarming gene repression. Both proteins required an intact catalytic motif to regulate. Another suppressor mapped in lafV, the last gene in a lateral flagellar operon. Containing a degenerate phosphodiesterase (EAL) domain, LafV repressed transcription of multiple genes in the surface sensing regulon; its repressive activity required LafK, the primary swarming regulator. Mutation of the signature EAL motif had little effect on LafV’s repressive activity, suggesting that LafV belongs to the subclass of EAL-type proteins that are regulatory but not enzymatic. Consistent with these activities and their predicted effects on c-di-GMP, scrJ and scrL but not lafV, mutants affected the transcription of the c-di-GMP-responsive biofilm reporter cpsA::lacZ. Our results expand the knowledge of the V. parahaemolyticus GGDEF/EAL repertoire and its roles in this surface colonization regulatory network. IMPORTANCE A key survival decision, in the environment or the host, is whether to emigrate or aggregate. In bacteria, c-di-GMP signaling almost universally influences solutions to this dilemma. In V. parahaemolyticus, c-di-GMP reciprocally regulates swarming and sticking (i.e., biofilm formation) programs of surface colonization. Key c-di-GMP-degrading phosphodiesterases responsive to quorum and nutritional signals have been previously identified. c-di-GMP binding transcription factors programming biofilm development have been studied. Here, we further develop the blueprint of the c-di-GMP network by identifying new participants involved in dictating the complex decision of whether to swarm or stay. These include diguanylate cyclases with tetratricopeptide domains and a degenerate EAL protein that, analogously to the negative flagellar regulator RflP/YdiV of enteric bacteria, serves to regulate swarming.
Think of the Parents: Parental Controls in Digital TV and Family Implications

Traditionally media regulations are often framed as ‘for the children’ with the expressed intent to ‘protect society’s most vulnerable’ yet often failing to consider the needs of the parents playing the role of familial gatekeeper, contending with exigent public scripts on kids’ media consumption. As we consider the design and practice of children’s participation in the digital space, it is also necessary to take into account the implied roles and responsibilities of families as they navigate their children’s interactions with media content. Given the children’s digital content industry boom coupled with the “psychological space” [Jordan (Journal of Communication 66:879–887, 2016)] that content mediation requires of parents, this chapter examines the cultural implications of parental controls beyond regulatory execution to consider its affordances. Utilizing a combination of discourse analysis and discursive interface analysis [Stanfill (New Media & Society 17:1059–1074, 2015)], this case study interrogates Netflix’s algorithmic affordances against their claims of easing parent/subscriber burdens with its ‘informed viewing’ parental control tools. Proposing a shift to the approach for platform control away from government standards and towards better utility in the affordances of algorithmically driven content, this chapter offers new framework and potential solutions that give families more control, creating new allowances in time, mental space, and sanity ‘for the parents.’
Measuring hopelessness in advanced cancer: a secondary analysis of the Hopelessness Assessment in Illness questionnaire (HAI).

Hopelessness, or a sense of despair about the future, has been a growing focus of psychological research among patients with serious medical illnesses. This study evaluated the psychometric propert...