cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
New approaches to ultrasensitive magnetic resonance

Spectroscopic methods tend to exhibit an inverse correlation between sensitivity and the ability to discriminate between similar structures. Were they obtainable with adequate sensitivity, magnetic resonance spectra could resolve structural controversies involving the nature of clusters, ions, semiconductor defects and catalytic intermediates. This paper describes several novel approaches to magnetic resonance, which have in common that the spins are coupled to other degrees of freedom in order to obtain nonequilibrium polarization and/or greater detection sensitivity. The methods under development include single-ion electron spin resonance (ESR) detected by ion trapping frequencies, catalyst NMR detected by the branching ratio to different spin symmetry species, and semiconductor nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) detected via the circular polarization of luminescence.
Influence of metal screens on contrast in megavoltage x-ray imaging.

The radiographic contrast of metal screen‐film detectors was investigated in order to determine the contrast capabilities of these detectors applied to megavoltage x‐ray imaging. The film contrast γ was found to be independent of the metal screen composition. Measurement of the scatter‐to‐primaryfilm dose ratio in contact geometry demonstrated that a thick front screen of either 1.5 g/cm2copper or 2.5 g/cm2lead provides optimum contrast for the photon energies studied (60Co and 4‐ and 8‐MV x rays). The same thicknesses were also found to be suitable in an air gap geometry which significantly improved the contrast compared to the contact geometry. Rear lead screens were found to provide no contrast improvement.
Model of the Inactivation of Bacterial Spores by Moist Heat and High Pressure

ABSTRACT: Formulae for the prediction of inactivation and accumulated lethality of bacterial spores under moist heat and high pressures were derived on the basis of classic thermodynamic and kinetics principles. The capability of the model to describe the inactivation of bacterial spores was verified using 2 independent data sets corresponding to Clostridium botulinum processed at 60°C to 75°C and Bacillus stearothermophilus processed at 92°C to 110°C. Both sets included pressures between 5 × 108 Pa and 7 × 108 Pa. The equation fit explained more than 86% of the variation of the rate constant data. The developed equations establish a strong foundation on which to compare high-pressure processing treatments of different systems. This is especially useful because most systems have different transient temperature-pressure conditions.
Inelastic analysis of semi-infinite foundation elements

The inelastic response of shallow and raft foundations is significantly complex due to the behavior of the surrounding semi-infinite soil media. The Winkler approach models the soil as a single layer, and assumes that the foundation reaction at a particular point is proportional to the soil displacement. In reality, the soil is a semi-infinite medium that can not be modeled as a single layer. In this paper a new finite element formulation was developed in which the soil can be viewed as a semi-infinite inelastic element that can resist bending, in addition to the well-known Winkler effect. Parametric analyses of an inelastic reinforced concrete foundation element is presented.
Stage Transition and Laryngeal Closure in Poststroke Patients with Dysphagia

Timely hyolaryngeal excursion and laryngeal closure are essential for safe transfer of the bolus during the pharyngeal swallow. The temporal measures stage transition duration (STD) and laryngeal closure duration (LCD) represent these physiological events. The purpose of this investigation was to determine whether small changes in bolus consistency and volume affect these temporal measures in poststroke patients who aspirate, poststroke patients who do not aspirate, and nonneurologically impaired control subjects. STD and LCD were obtained by frame-by-frame analysis of the videofluoroscopic examinations of 5 and 10 ml thin and nectar thick liquids. Using a three-way analysis of variance, STD was significantly different between the control group and the two poststroke groups; however there was no difference between the two stroke groups. There was no difference among the three groups on LCD. Bolus consistency and bolus volume had no effect. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed.
Semiconductor heterojunction topics: Introduction and overview

Abstract Semiconductor heterojunctions with ideal lattice matching, well-controlled in fabrication, yield devices that cannot be achieved in any other way. These devices include modulated-doped high-speed field-effect transistors, ultra-high-gain and high-speed bipolar transistors, efficient injection lasers and light-emitting diodes and sensitive photo-detecting structures. Atomic reconstructions take place at heterojunction interfaces and are process-fabrication-dependent and not adequately understood. The barrier discontinuities observed are therefore scattered in value and also somewhat dependent on the determination method. Many papers in this Special Issue contain review aspects of these matters. Others, however, are specific contributions on very particular heterojunction topics. Not all aspects of heterojunctions are dealt with by the papers that follow, and the present article is intended for newcomers to the field as a brief commentary on topics that are not adequately represented.
Health and employment after a diagnosis of occupational asthma : a descriptive study

The objectives of this study were to describe changes in asthma and employment after diagnoses of occupational asthma reported to the SWORD project. Questionnaires were sent to 312 physicians for all 1,940 cases of occupational asthma reported from 1989-92; 1,769 (91%) were returned but information was available for only 1,317 (68%). Of patients reported by occupational physicians, 45% had recovered from asthma compared to only 14% of those reported by chest physicians (excluding medicolegal cases), presumably because of differences in severity. Proportions with the same employer were 49% and 48% respectively. Patients exposed for a year or more after diagnosis recovered from asthma less frequently but were more often employed than those exposed for less than a year. Among those whose asthma was attributed to high molecular weight agents, smokers had developed asthma earlier after exposure began than others but had the best prognosis. Asthma developed following a single high exposure in 18 cases (2%), of which 13 were to irritants and five to known sensitizers.
Single-ended-to-differential and differential-to-differential channel-select filters based on piezoelectric AlN contour-mode MEMS resonators

This paper reports on the first demonstration of single-ended-to-differential and differential-to-differential (S2D and D2D) channel-select filters based on single-layer (SL) and dual-layer-stacked (DLS) AlN contour-mode MEMS resonators. The key filter performances in terms of insertion loss (as low as 1.4 dB), operating frequency (250–1280 MHz), and out-of-band rejection (up to 60 dB) constitute a significant advancement over all other state-of-the-art RF MEMS technologies. The fabrication process, namely stacking of two piezoelectric AlN layers (600 nm each) and three Pt electrode layers (100 nm each), is fully compatible with the previously demonstrated AlN RF MEMS switch process (also post-CMOS compatible), which makes it possible to implement multi-frequency switchable filter banks on a single chip. The S2D configuration is also able to combine the balun, filter, and impedance transformer functions in a single MEMS structure and only takes on a very small form factor (60×200 µm). These unique features will potentially revolutionize the field of RF and microwave IC design by enabling MEMS-IC co-design and the development of unconventional and low-power RF architectures.
Development and analytical validation of a radioimmunoassay for the measurement of feline pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in serum.

La pancreatite est reconnue comme une cause importante de morbidite et de mortalite chez les chats mais son diagnostic demeure une difficulte dans plusieurs cas. Cette etude avait comme objectif de developper et valider de maniere analytique un radio-immuno-essai pour mesurer l'immuno-reactivite de la lipase pancreatique feline (fPLI) afin d'identifier un meilleur outil diagnostique pour la pancreatite feline. De la lipase pancreatique feline (fPL) a ete purifiee a partir de tissu pancreatique et un antiserum dirige contre fPL fut produit chez le lapin. Un marqueur a ete produit par iodination de fPL a l'aide de la methode par la chloramine T. Un radio-immuno-essai a ete developpe et valide de maniere analytique en determinant sa sensibilite, son parallelisme de dilution, son efficacite de detection d'echantillons ensemences, la variabilite intra-essai et la variabilite inter-essai.Un ecart temoin pour la fPLI dans le serum de chat a ete etabli en utilisant le 95 e percentile central des resultats de 30 chats. La sensibilite de l'epreuve etait de 1,2 μg/L. Pour les valeurs de dilutions seriees, le ratio des donnees obtenues:donnees attendues variait de 98,8 % a 164,3 % pour 3 echantillons de serum differents. Pour les valeurs d'echantillons ensemences le ratio des donnees obtenues: donnees attendues variait de 76,9 % a 147,6 % pour 3 echantillons de serum differents. Les coefficients de variation pour la variabilite intra- et inter-essai pour 4 echantillons de serum differents etaient, respectivement, 10,1 %, 4,5 %, 2,2 % et 3,9 %, et 24,4 %, 15,8 %, 16,6 % et 21,3 %. Un ecart de valeurs de reference pour fPLI a ete etabli comme etant 1,2 a 3,8 μg/L. L'epreuve decrite est sensible, exacte et precise avec une linearite limitee dans ses valeurs limites inferieures et une reproductibilite limitee dans les extremites inferieure et superieure de son etendue de travail. Des travaux supplementaires sont necessaires et sont en cours pour evaluer l'utilite clinique de cette epreuve.
Effect of roughness formulation on the performance of a coupled wave, hydrodynamic, and sediment transport model

A variety of algorithms are available for parameterizing the hydrodynamic bottom roughness associated with grain size, saltation, bedforms, and wave–current interaction in coastal ocean models. These parameterizations give rise to spatially and temporally variable bottom-drag coefficients that ostensibly provide better representations of physical processes than uniform and constant coefficients. However, few studies have been performed to determine whether improved representation of these variable bottom roughness components translates into measurable improvements in model skill. We test the hypothesis that improved representation of variable bottom roughness improves performance with respect to nearbed circulation, bottom stresses, or turbulence dissipation. The inner shelf south of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts, is the site of sorted grain-size features which exhibit sharp alongshore variations in grain size and ripple geometry over gentle bathymetric relief; this area provides a suitable testing ground for roughness parameterizations. We first establish the skill of a nested regional model for currents, waves, stresses, and turbulent quantities using a uniform and constant roughness; we then gauge model skill with various parameterization of roughness, which account for the influence of the wave-boundary layer, grain size, saltation, and rippled bedforms. We find that commonly used representations of rippleinduced roughness, when combined with a wave–current interaction routine, do not significantly improve skill for circulation, and significantly decrease skill with respect to stresses and turbulence dissipation. Ripple orientation with respect to dominant currents and ripple shape may be responsible for complicating a straightforward estimate of the roughness contribution from ripples. In addition, sediment-induced stratification may be responsible for lower stresses than predicted by the wave–current interaction model. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
Sudden arrhythmic cardiac death--mechanisms, resuscitation and classification: the Seattle perspective.

Abstract Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the first recorded arrhythmia in 75% of patients who have a sudden cardiovascular collapse. Rarely (1%) does sustained ventricular tachycardia (VT) alone cause collapse and unconsciousness. Whether all VF begins as VT is unknown. Early application of cardiopulmonary resuscitation and rapid defibrillation are essential to ensure survival and satisfactory neurologic recovery. During the last 2 years in Seattle, the initial resuscitation rate for VF was 269 of 447 patients (60%), with 114 of 447 patients (26%) surviving long-term. Survivors of VF have a high overall risk of recurrent VF, with many univariate risk factors identified: evidence of poor left ventricular function (history of congestive heart failure, prior myocardial infarction [MI] or low ejection fraction), extensive coronary artery disease, absence of a new MI (either Q wave or non-Q wave) with VF, male gender, advanced age, complex or high-frequency ventricular ectopy on Holter recording, inducibility at electrophysiologic study, exercise-induced angina or hypotension, and smoking. Classification of cardiac deaths as arrhythmic or nonarrhythmic is important in interpreting the therapeutic response. However, because many patients have chrome symptoms, timing of the onset of a new event is difficult. Furthermore, accurate timing of an event does not guarantee correct classification. Sudden death is not necessarily arrhythmic, nor is all arrhythmic death sudden. Total cardiac mortality may be a simpler and more relevant end point to measure the overall effect of antiarrhythmic therapy.
Pre-folding IκBα alters control of NF-κB signaling

Transcription complex components frequently show coupled folding and binding but the functional significance of this mode of molecular recognition is unclear. IκBα binds to and inhibits the transcriptional activity of NF-κB via its ankyrin repeat (AR) domain. The β-hairpins in ARs 5–6 in IκBα are weakly-folded in the free protein, and their folding is coupled to NF-κB binding. Here, we show that introduction of two stabilizing mutations in IκBα AR 6 causes ARs 5–6 to fold cooperatively to a conformation similar to that in NF-κB-bound IκBα. Free IκBα is degraded by a proteasome-dependent but ubiquitin-independent mechanism, and this process is slower for the pre-folded mutants both in vitro and in cells. Interestingly, the pre-folded mutants bind NF-κB more weakly, as shown by both surface plasmon resonance and isothermal titration calorimetry in vitro and immunoprecipitation experiments from cells. One consequence of the weaker binding is that resting cells containing these mutants show incomplete inhibition of NF-κB activation; they have significant amounts of nuclear NF-κB. Additionally, the weaker binding combined with the slower rate of degradation of the free protein results in reduced levels of nuclear NF-κB upon stimulation. These data demonstrate clearly that the coupled folding and binding of IκBα is critical for its precise control of NF-κB transcriptional activity.
Bifrequency and bispectrum maps: a new look at multirate systems with stochastic inputs

In multirate digital signal processing, we often encounter decimators, interpolators, and complicated interconnections of these with LTI filters. We also encounter cyclo-wide-sense stationary (CWSS) processes and linear periodically time-varying (PTV) systems. It is often necessary to understand the effects of multirate systems on the statistical properties of their input signals. Some of these issues have been addressed earlier. For example, it has been shown that a necessary and sufficient addition for the output of an L-fold interpolation filter to be wide sense stationary (WSS) for all WSS inputs is that the filter was an alias-free (L) support. However, several questions of this nature remain unanswered. For example, what is the necessary and sufficient condition on a pair (or more generally a bank) of interpolation filters so that their outputs are jointly WSS (JWSS) for all jointly WSS inputs? What is the condition if only the sum of their outputs is required to be WSS? When is the output of an LPTV system (for example a uniform filter-bank) WSS for all WSS inputs? Some of these questions may appear to be simple generalizations of the above-mentioned result for a single interpolation filter. However, the frequency domain approaches that proved this result are quite difficult to generalize to answer these questions. The purpose of this paper is to provide these answers using analysis based on bifrequency maps and bispectra. These tools are two-dimensional (2-D) Fourier transforms that characterize linear time-varying (LTV) systems and nonstationary random processes, respectively. We show that the questions raised above are addressed elegantly and in a geometrically insightful way using these tools. We also derive a bifrequency characterization lossless LTV systems. This may potentially lead to an increased understanding of these systems.
Force-velocity relationship for multiple kinesin motors pulling a magnetic bead.

Although the velocity of single kinesin motors against an opposing force F of 0–10 pN is well known, the behavior of multiple kinesin motors working to overcome a larger load is still poorly understood. We have carried out gliding assays in which 3–7 Drosophila kinesin-1 motors moved a microtubule at 200–700 μm/s against a 0–31 pN load at saturating [ATP]. The load F was generated by applying a spatially uniform magnetic field gradient to a superparamagnetic bead attached to the (+) end of the microtubule. When F was scaled by the average number of motors 〈n〉, the force–velocity relationship for multiple motors was similar to the force–velocity relationship for a single motor, supporting a minimal load-sharing model. The velocity distribution at low load has a single mode consistent with rapid fluctuations of n. However, against a load of 2.5–4.7 pN/motor, additional modes appeared at lower velocity. These observations support the Klumpp–Lipowsky model of multimotor transport [Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 102. 17284–17289 (2005)].
Observation of second-harmonic whispering-gallery modes in ZnO nanotetrapod

We report on the formation of second-harmonic whispering-gallery modes (SH-WGMs) on the tapered ZnO nanotetrapod legs. The SH-WGMs have strong dependence on the polarization of the fundamental infrared excitation beam relative to the crystal axis.
Specimen Length Effects on Mechanical Properties of a Silicone Elastomeric Sealant

Results of tests on joints made with a high-modulus silicone sealant are presented and discussed. Joint specimen lengths are 50 mm (2 in.), typical of small laboratory specimens, and 100, 200, and 400 mm (4, 8, and 16 in.). The width and depth are typical of structural glazing joints. Tension and shear are considered. The data include strength, stiffness, and ultimate displacement. The interaction between specimen length and the effects of flaws on mechanical properties is also investigated. An analysis of the data indicates that the typical small laboratory specimen provides an accurate measure of the mechanical properties of full-length joints.
The Interdisciplinary Concept Model: Theory and Practice

A rationale for interdisc plinarity as a content modification for gifted learners is presented along with assumptions underlying the implementation of an inter disciplinary model. The importance of...
Hierarchical distributed simulation for 300mm wafer fab

Distributed simulation promises benefits in large-scale simulations, such as in high fidelity simulation of 300 mm wafer fabs, although these benefits have been hard to achieve in practice. This paper examines the fundamentals of distributed simulation, and proposes a hierarchical approach to distributed wafer fab simulation, which has the potential to achieve significant reduction in model execution time.
Evolutionary history of the GH3 family of acyl adenylases in rosids

GH3 amino acid conjugases have been identified in many plant and bacterial species. The evolution of GH3 genes in plant species is explored using the sequenced rosids Arabidopsis, papaya, poplar, and grape. Analysis of the sequenced non-rosid eudicots monkey flower and columbine, the monocots maize and rice, as well as spikemoss and moss is included to provide further insight into the origin of GH3 clades. Comparison of co-linear genes in regions surrounding GH3 genes between species helps reconstruct the evolutionary history of the family. Combining analysis of synteny with phylogenetics, gene expression and functional data redefines the Group III GH3 genes, of which AtGH3.12/PBS3, a regulator of stress-induced salicylic acid metabolism and plant defense, is a member. Contrary to previous reports that restrict PBS3 to Arabidopsis and its close relatives, PBS3 syntelogs are identified in poplar, grape, columbine, maize and rice suggesting descent from a common ancestral chromosome dating to before the eudicot/monocot split. In addition, the clade containing PBS3 has undergone a unique expansion in Arabidopsis, with expression patterns for these genes consistent with specialized and evolving stress-responsive functions.
Kinetics and mechanism of methanol and formaldehyde interconversion and formaldehyde oxidation catalyzed by liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

Liver alcohol dehydrogenase (LADH) is a well-characterized protein. Both its primary and tertiary structures are known, as are some of the catalytic mechanisms, isozyme differences, evolutionary divergences and a number of enzymatic properties (Jornvall, 1970; Branden, et al., 1975; Klinman, 1981; Eklund and Branden, 1983; Pettersson, 1987; Pocker, 1989). In contrast, relatively little is known about its interaction with methanol, although there is extensive structural homology between this compound and ethanol.
On electromagnetic transmission eigenvalues

The electromagnetic interior transmission problem is a boundary value problem which is neither elliptic nor self-adjoint. The associated transmission eigenvalue problem has important applications in the inverse electromagnetic scattering theory for inhomogeneous media. In this paper, we show that in general there do not exist purely imaginary electromagnetic transmission eigenvalues. For constant index of refraction, we prove that it is uniquely determined by the smallest (real) transmission eigenvalue. Finally, we show that complex transmission eigenvalues must lie in a certain region in the complex plane. The result is verified by examples.
Effects of type II diabetes on exercising skeletal muscle blood flow in the rat.

The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the muscle hyperemic response to steady-state submaximal running exercise in the Goto-Kakizaki (GK) Type II diabetic rat. Specifically, the h...
Initial subcellular localization of heat-shock proteins in Bacillus subtilis

In Bacillus subtilis, heat shock induces, or accelerates a set of at least 16 newly synthesized proteins. To investigate the sites at which some of the major proteins might be localized, radiolabelled heat-shocked cells were fractionated into membrane and cytosol fractions. Fractions were applied to SDS-PAGE to resolve the proteins. Autoradiofluorograms demonstrated that of the 4 prominent heat-shock proteins, two were found to be associated with the membrane fraction with apparent Mr of 97 000 and 66 000 (major heat-shock protein). The other 2 remained in the cytosol fraction with apparent Mr of 40 000 and 23 000.
Scalable parallel arc consistency algorithms for shared memory computers

The paper introduces three scalable static parallel arc consistency algorithms (SPAC-1, SPAC-2 and SPAC-3) designed for any general-purpose shared memory multiple instruction-stream, multiple data-stream (MIMD) computer. The algorithms are intended for constraint satisfaction problems in AI applications. Arc consistency is ensured of a finite domain binary constraint network. Through actual machine experimentation the paper measures work performed by the SPAC algorithms and compares it with work performed by existing sequential algorithms, AC-1 and AC-3. Results shows that the parallel arc consistency algorithms can be effectively used to pre-process a constraint network. >
Deliberate Practice Theory: Perceived Relevance, Effort, and Inherent Enjoyment of Music Practice: Study II

This study, based on the theory of deliberate practice, examined the practice relevance, effort, and inherent enjoyment aspects of the theory. 25 college undergraduates practiced playing a melody o...
Volunteer Fire Departments and Community Mobilization

Anthropological research in northern West Virginia suggests that the volunteer fire department is a cultural institution of special importance, both symbolically and actually, in the community process. Ethnography is provided in four sections dealing with exchange or mutual aid (1) within local VFDs; (2) between a VFD and its local public; (3) between and among VFDs which compose the fire service; and (4) between the fire service as a relatively organized collectivity and the regional public. A fifth section derives implications for practical strategy in community development, suggesting specifically that performance standards and other expectations applying to local VFDs arise and are sanctioned in supralocal social structures such as the fire service. The indicated strategy emphasizes development of supralocal communications and exchanges, forging and sustaining the phenomenon of community at a supralocal level.
Protection by DMSO against cell death caused by intracellularly localized iodine-125, iodine-131 and polonium-210.

Abstract Bishayee, A., Rao, D. V., Bouchet, L. G., Bolch, W. E. and Howell, R. W. Protection by DMSO against Cell Death Caused by Intracellularly Localized Iodine-125, Iodine-131 and Polonium-210. The mechanisms by which DNA-incorporated radionuclides impart lethal damage to mammalian cells were investigated by examining the capacity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to protect against lethal damage to Chinese hamster V79 cells caused by unbound tritium (3H2O), DNA-incorporated 125I- and 131I-iododeoxyuridine (125IdU, 131IdU), and cytoplasmically localized 210Po citrate. The radionuclides 3H and 131I emit low- and medium-energy β particles, respectively, 125I is a prolific Auger electron emitter, and 210Po emits 5.3 MeV α particles. Cells were radiolabeled and maintained at 10.5°C for 72 h in the presence of different concentrations of DMSO (5–12.5% v/v), and the surviving fraction compared to that of unlabeled controls was determined. DMSO afforded no protection against the lethal effects of the high-LET α pa...
Combining the Best of Two Worlds: A Hybrid Approach to Multilingual Coreference Resolution

We describe our system for the CoNLL-2012 shared task, which seeks to model coreference in OntoNotes for English, Chinese, and Arabic. We adopt a hybrid approach to coreference resolution, which combines the strengths of rule-based methods and learning-based methods. Our official combined score over all three languages is 56.35. In particular, our score on the Chinese test set is the best among the participating teams.
Histochemical investigation of hepatic adenosine triphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity in hemorrhagic shock.

SummaryTwelve rats were subjected to hemorrhagic shock. Histochemical study of the liver revealed increased adenosine triphosphatase and glucose-6-phosphatase activity when compared to controls. The reason for these alterations may be either an actual increase in enzymes in the parenchymal cells or altered histochemical reactivity due to cell necrosis, changes in membrane permeability, or deranged intra and extracellular ionic concentrations as a result of hypovolemia. The increased enzyme activities relate logically to altered carbohydrate metabolism and fluid dynamics in shock.
An effect of pyridine-2-aldoxime methiodide (2-PAM) on cholinesterase at motor end-plates.

Conclusion2-PAM in a high concentration in vitro had a dual effect on motor end-plate ChE previously inactivated with TEPP. The oxime reactivated the enzyme and, if allowed to remain in contact with the preparation, inhibited the reactivated enzyme. The effect of 2-PAM was reversible and after the removal of 2-PAM no protection to ChE from the later exposure to TEPP was demonstrated.
Studies on Dispersed Unincubated Chick Blastoderm Cells. II. Formation of Contacts and Cell Sorting in Aggregates of Unincubated Chick Blastoderm and Heart Cells

Abstract The configuration of blastoderm-heart cell aggregates after cell sorting depended largely on the proportion of each cell type initially present in the culture. In heterotypic aggregates, blastoderm cells were always found to partially or completely surround heart cells with both cell types retaining their characteristic morphology. Specialized junctions (e.g., desmosomes) developed only between cells of the same type. These observations suggest that blastoderm cells are unable to recognize and form stable contacts with heart cells.
Possible Role of Glutathione as a Detoxifying Agent

Conclusions1. The injection of benzoic acid into rabbits which have been starved for 24 hours causes an increase of glutathione in the blood. 2. Using bromobenzene, the results, though less striking, are suggestive that this detoxication process is accompanied by a definite increase of glutathione in the blood.
Uptake of 5-hydroxytryptamine by Schistosoma mansoni.

In spite of the presence of high concentrations of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) in Schistosoma mansoni, synthesis of this amine by the parasite could not be demonstrated. The worm has a high- and a low-affinity uptake mechanism (below and above 2 µM, respectively) for 5-HT. The high-affinity uptake mechanism provides the parasite with a means to obtain 5-HT, even at the low concentrations of this amine prevailing in the physiological environment of the worm.
Solution-deposited ZnO-organic diodes with high current density and high frequency rectification under ambient conditions

n-ZnO/p-Pentacene and n-ZnO/poly(bis(dodecyl)quaterthiophene) (p-PQT-12) vertical p-n junction diodes were prepared on ITO-coated glass. A continuous film of ZnO nanoparticles was grown on the ITO glass by dip-coating and subsequent heat treatment of a zinc acetate film. Pentacene was then thermally evaporated to form the ZnO/Pentacene diode, whereas PQT-12 was spin coated for the ZnO/PQT-12 diode. Based on the band energies of ZnO, pentacene and PQT-12, for efficient carrier injection, gold was chosen as the top electrode to complement the ITO for both diodes. The microstructures of ZnO and pentacene films are studied by AFM and show a layer of pentacene grains with about twice the extent of the underlying layer of ZnO grains, implying substantial interfacial contact between them The current density-voltage (J-V) measurement shows that the maximum current density for ZnO/Pentacene and ZnO/PQT12 are 160 A/cm2 and 350 A/cm2 respectively. The rectification was characterized by observation of full input-half output waves. Data indicate that these devices can operate up to frequencies of 20 MHz and 9 MHz for ZnO/Pentacene and ZnO/PQT12, respectively, under ambient environment conditions. This rectification frequency is higher than other reported organic and polymer Schottky diodes under these conditions. Turn on voltages of these diodes are also much lower than for the reported organic and polymer diodes.
The Method of Muzzle Velocity Measurement Based on Millimeter Wave Radar of Micro-Power for Antiaircraft Gun

The basis of this article is the application of millimeter wave radar in muzzle velocity measure of antiaircraft gun. The ballistic trajectory extrapolation of muzzle velocity measure of antiaircraft gun is discussed through simulation technology. We offer an implementation algorithm about ballistic trajectory model and establish the model of pill motion based on differential equation group in center of mass. The model can analyze the rule of pill motion in close space near gun. We present the model of ballistic trajectory extrapolation in muzzle velocity measure. The essential principle and method can be applied in other caliber antiaircraft gun.
Design and development of hyperspectral library for recognizing disease of crops

Although the development of spectral library has been hot at home and abroad since 1970's in the twentieth century,it does not have definite objective and can not meet the demands for application of remote sensing nowadays.This research designed and developed the hyperspectral library which was used to identify crop disease.The wheat rust database can implement function of the query of spectrum,the management of image /user/data and inversing model and so on,and the library gives a reference to building other hyperspectral library used to identify crop disease.
Problems with skin testing in patients with allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Backgroung : The diagnosis of allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is difficult ; a prerequisite for one approach is the detection of IgE sensitivity to A. fumigatus. Objective : The purpose of the present study was to examine skin test extracts of A. fumigatus from five different extract manufacturers to evaluate their reliability for detecting IgE reactivity. Methods : A total of 26 patients with previously diagnosed ABPA underwent intradermal skin testing with A. fumigatus skin test reagents obtained from five separate extract manufacturers from the USA, at 1,000 pnu/mL. Results : A marked disparity in skin test reactivity was seen in patients, such that the diagnosis would have been missed in a substantial number of patients if extracts from manufacturers A, B, or C would have been used in the initial skin test screening. Conclusion : It is clear that this finding of disparate skin test reactivity rates with extracts from different manufacturers can account for some degree of false negative skin test reactivity in patients suspected of having either ABPA or other mold sensitivity syndromes. A standardized skin test extract of A. fumigatus is badly needed for diagnostic purposes.
Coordinated Solvent Molecules in Metalloenzymes and Proteins Studied Using NMRD

In the early investigations of nuclear magnetic resonance in liquids, paramagnetic ions were added to regulate the magnetic relaxation rates of solvent protons and to study the ion-solvent complexes formed. The theory of relaxation that was developed as experimental techniques improved was very successful for describing the observed relaxation. However, the same theory applied to analogous studies of solutions in which these paramagnetic ions are complexed with protein gave ambiguous results. With the advent of NMRD data (i. e., relaxation rate as a function of magnetic field), it became increasingly clear that the theory adequate for aquoions was inadequate for ion-protein complexes. We trace this history, in part using data now readily attainable with greatly improved instrumentation, and show that the major reason for the inadequacy relates to the need for new models for solvent- protein interactions. The phenomena are far richer than originally anticipated.
Phosphorus dynamics modeling and mass balance in an aquaponics system

Abstract Aquacultural effluents are rich in P, a growing concern worldwide for potential environmental pollution. Thus integrating aquaculture with agriculture, e.g. aquaponics, shows promise to enhance nutrient and water use efficiency and overall environmental sustainability. The present study was carried out to quantify a P flow, P mass balance, and evaluate P removal efficiency by hydroponic lettuce integrated with tilapia aquaculture. Also, a phosphorus dynamics simulation model was developed to be a decision support system for phosphorus management. 15 tilapia juveniles (20 g) and four 15-day-old lettuce seedlings comprised each aquaponics experimental unit (n = 3). At days 0, 7, 14, 21 and 28 after transplanting, water samples were taken from each aquaponics biofilter to determine the reactive and total concentration of phosphorus. The P dynamics model was validated by comparing predicted to observed values of dissolved P over time. The linear regression equations between predicted and measured values were compared with the 1:1 line for statistically significant differences (p t -test. Comparison of simulated and measured values of dissolved P dynamics showed a good fit around the 1:1 line with the slope (b = 1.005) and intercept values (a = 0.0189) being not statistically different (p > 0.05) from 1.0 and 0, respectively. The assimilation of P in the fish and plant components comprised 71.7% of the total P input, indicating high P utilization by the system. The P dynamics model predicted the behavior of dissolved phosphorus in aquaponics systems, which can be used to determine adequate fish:plant ratios, maximize P use efficiency and minimize waste. The overall high P utilization by fish and plants identified in this study showed that aquaponics is an excellent tool for recycling phosphorus while yielding a high-quality crop.
Sex Differences in Feeding, Height, and Space Use in Hapalemur griseus

I investigated sex differences in feeding ecology in a wild group of Hapalemur griseus, gray bamboo lemur, in southeastern Madagascar. Males and females differed in daily dietary diversity, height use while feeding, and spatial position within the group. Based on all-occurrences of feeding bouts and 15-min point samples, the adult female had significantly higher daily dietary diversity indices than those of males. The female also fed at significantly lower heights than the males did. There are also significant differences between age classes with the subadult male exhibiting the lowest dietary diversity and feeding at the greatest heights. During feeding, the female stayed in closest proximity to both juveniles, whereas adult males were peripheral. In contrast, the males moved closer in proximity to the female when resting and traveling. These sex differences could be explained 1) by the metabolic cost of reproduction for females, 2) as strategies to mitigate the cost of feeding competition between males and females, 3) by male role performance as a predator detector, and 4) by different social priorities of males and females.
Utility of peripheral blood immunophenotyping by flow cytometry in the diagnosis of pediatric acute leukemia

Background Childhood acute leukemia is traditionally diagnosed from a bone marrow aspirate (BMA). New-onset acute leukemia patients do not always have visible circulating blasts in the peripheral blood (PB) at diagnosis. While the role of bone marrow flow cytometry for the diagnosis of acute leukemia is well established, the utility of PB flow cytometry (PBFC) is unknown. We performed a single-institution retrospective analysis to compare PBFC versus BMA in establishing or excluding a diagnosis of childhood acute leukemia. Procedure We retrospectively identified 485 PBFC samples with concurrent BMA from 2008 to 2013. Results of four-color flow cytometry for immunophenotypic characterization of leukemic versus nonclonal disease were characterized. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated among patients without a known diagnosis or prior therapy. Results Among 485 samples eligible for analysis, 120 had negative PBFC and BMA, 359 had positive PBFC and BMA, 3 had negative PBFC and positive BMA, and 3 had positive PBFC and negative BMA. There were small but significant differences in sensitivity (100 vs. 93.8%; P = 0.002) and positive predictive value (100 vs. 93.8%; P = 0.002) favoring BMA over PBFC among those demonstrating absence of circulating morphologic blasts. Conclusion PBFC has high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of childhood acute leukemia. The predictive value of PBFC remains high for patients without visible circulating blasts and may enhance the diagnostic process for determining the indications for marrow testing.
Improving cancer treatment handoffs: Wilmot Cancer Institute’s (WCI) ASCO Quality Training Program experience.

139Background: Ineffective handoffs contribute to gaps in patient care and medication errors, jeopardizing patient safety and leading to poor quality of care. Ineffective handoffs accounted for 59% of reported medication events at WCI Infusion Center. The completion rate of WCI’s existing electronic medical record (EMR) based free text handoff note for patients treated with anti-cancer therapy on the same day as a clinic visit was 32%. The project aim is to create an effective EMR integrated treatment handoff tool and establish standard workflow processes to ensure optimal communication among WCI providers for improved patient safety and quality of care. Methods: We convened a multidisciplinary team to develop an efficient and safe treatment handoff tool. WCI nurses were surveyed to evaluate the baseline state of the handoff process. Tool development was performed over a series of phases, including creation of a project charter and aim statement, outlining current workflow process, identifying gaps and li...
Agency Imprimatur & Health Reform Preemption

At this moment, there exists nearly unanimous agreement that the American health care system requires reform, but also vehement disagreements over what form regulation should take and who should be in charge of regulating—state or federal authorities. Preemption doctrine typically referees disputes between federal and state regulatory efforts, but it also exacerbates them. There exists nearly as unanimous opinion that preemption doctrine in health law is a mess. This Article identifies an inventive structure that may help defuse some preemption problems in health reform. The Affordable Care Act’s (ACA) individual and employer mandates, health insurance exchanges, and insurance coverage standards established preemptive federal baselines for health insurance regulation. Yet the ACA also permits states to apply for a waiver of all these baseline provisions, if they promise to enact state legislation with equivalent protections. Through this waiver provision—the “section 1332” or “state innovation” wavier—the federal agencies may sanction state variations if the agencies find suitable evidence that the variations will further the goals of the federal baselines. The ACA’s combination of express preemption and guided waiver raises a novel confluence of “big waiver” theory and preemption doctrine. This Article posits that this confluence offers an “agency imprimatur” model that has great potential for managing health law federalism issues by circumventing conflict. At its best, the agency imprimatur model offers advantages over preemption in expertise, transparency, and communicative federalism. These potential advantages, however, hinge on the presence of meaningful waiver standards that preserve the statutory priorities and require reliance on agencies’ substantive expertise. The section 1332 wavier is not without its pitfalls, but the recently proposed mega-waivers would erode all of these potential gains.
Nurse Practitioner-Administered Chloroprocaine in Children with Postoperative Pain.

Abstract Background: Pain is a complex physical and emotional experience. Therefore, assessment of acute pain requires self-report when possible, observations of emotional and behavioral responses and changes in vital signs. Peripheral nerve and epidural catheters often provide postoperative analgesia in children. Administration of chloroprocaine (a short acting local anesthetic) via a peripheral nerve or epidural catheter allows for a comparison of pain scores, observations of emotional and behavioral responses and changes in vital signs to determine catheter function. Aims: The aims of this study are to describe the use chloroprocaine injections for testing catheters; patient response; and how changes to pain management are guided by the patient response. Methods: This study describes the use of chloroprocaine injections to manage pain and assess the function of peripheral nerve or epidural catheters in a pediatric population. We examined 128 surgical patients, (0-25 years old), who received chloroprocaine injections for testing peripheral nerve or epidural catheters. Patient outcomes included: blood pressure, respiratory rate, heart rate and pain intensity scores. Results: There were no significant adverse events. The injection guided intervention by determining the function of regional analgesia in the majority (98.5%) of patients. Discussion: Chloroprocaine injections appear to be useful to evaluate functionality of peripheral nerve and epidural catheters after surgery in a pediatric population.
Local Structure and Relaxation Dynamics in the Brush of Polymer-Grafted Silica Nanoparticles

When grafted to spherical nanoparticles at high grafting densities, polymers adopt a variety of conformations. Because of strong confinement by neighboring chains, portions of the polymer near the nanoparticle core are highly stretched in the concentrated polymer brush region (CPB) of the polymer layer. Farther away from the core, where the polymer is less confined, the conformation becomes more ideal in the semidilute polymer brush (SDPB) region. Using a combination of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) and neutron spin echo (NSE) spectroscopy, we directly characterized both the structure and dynamics of the CPB and SDPB on poly(methyl acrylate) (PMA) grafted SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs). Analysis of SANS measurements using a new core-chain-chain (CCC) model confirmed that the portion of the chain in the CPB region is highly stretched, and transitions to a more random conformation. Dynamics in the CPB region were found to be much slower than the SDPB region.
Absolute cross-section measurements for electron-impact single ionization of Si4+ and Si5+

Experimental measurements of absolute cross sections are presented for electron-impact single ionization of ${\mathrm{Si}}^{4+}$ and ${\mathrm{Si}}^{5+}$. The incident electron energies range from below threshold to 1500 eV. The measurements were performed using the crossed ion-electron beams apparatus at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory Electron-Cyclotron Resonance Ion-Source Facility. The data are in reasonable agreement with cross sections calculated using the Lotz semiempirical formula. Reduced cross sections for the isoelectronic targets, ${\mathrm{Si}}^{4+}$ and ${\mathrm{Ar}}^{8+}$, are compared in order to test classical scaling for direct electron-impact single ionization.
Is Serological Evidence of Infection with Syphilis a Contraindication to Kidney Donation - Case-Report and Review of the Literature

We report successful transplantation of kidneys from a cadaveric donor with serological evidence of syphilis and no transmission of the disease. Existing guidelines prohibiting the use of serologically positive donors and experience with other forms of iatrogenic transmission of syphilis are reviewed. Specific guidelines for the use of serologically positive donors are proposed.
Rewriting the Legacy of the Turkish Exile of Comparative Literature: Philology and Nationalism in Istanbul, 1933–1946

Numerous critics have revisited the Turkish exile of “the founding fathers” of humanist philology, Erich Auerbach and Leo Spitzer, in the period between the rise of Nazism in Germany and the end of World War II . Yet these recuperative analyses have been centered on the role of the experience of cultural displacement in the intellectual transformation of the emigre scholars. By contrast, this article offers a critical analysis of how the Turkish end of humanism (especially in the case of Auerbach and Spitzer’s students) was entangled with the politics of Kemalist cultural reforms. If comparative literature was “invented” during the Istanbul exile of Spitzer and Auerbach, this article re-writes this invention process by highlighting the semantic and ideological inflections it took in the hands of the Turkish humanists.