cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low acceptance of treatment in the elderly for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fracture in the acute rehabilitation setting

Background and aims: Given the high risk of subsequent fracture among elderly persons with fracture, it is important to initiate secondary treatment for osteoporosis. Acute rehabilitation centers may offer a unique opportunity to introduce treatment. Therefore, we evaluated willingness-to-participate and compliance with evidence-based interventions for the secondary prevention of osteoporotic fracture in a non-randomized study conducted in the acute rehabilitation setting. We also described differences in baseline characteristics between study participants and non-participants. Methods: All consecutive, community-dwelling admissions to an acute rehabilitation unit (Boston, MA) with the diagnosis of fracture were screened for enrollment. Eligible subjects were offered a free, 6-month supply of alendronate/cholecalciferol (70 mg/2800 IU weekly), calcium and vitamin D supplements, and fall prevention strategies. Six-month compliance (≥75% consumption of medication or supplement) with the interventions was determined at a home visit. Results: Among 62 eligible subjects, 25 agreed to participate. Non-participants were older than participants (86 vs 80 yrs, p<0.01). There was no significant difference between other characteristics of participants and non-participants including sex, weight, type of fracture, cognitive status, and functional status. The most common reason for non-participation was reluctance to take another medication. Among participants, only 52% were compliant with alendronate and 58% were compliant with calcium and vitamin D supplementation at 6 months. Conclusions: Willingness-to-participate and compliance with secondary prevention strategies for osteoporosis was low in the acute rehabilitation setting, even when medications were provided free of cost. Educating individuals with fracture and their families on the consequences and treatment of osteoporosis may help to decrease the risk of sustaining a second fracture by accepting secondary preventive measures.
The metabolic clearance rate, the brain extraction and distribution and the uterine extraction and retention of progesterone and R 5020 in estrogen-treated ovariectomized rabbits.

The metabolic clearance rate (MCR), uterine extraction, uterine retention and brain distribution of the synthetic progestin R 5020 and progesterone were studied in estrogen-treated ovariectomized rabbits. The MCR of R 5020 was 163 ± 15 (SE) I/day and was lower than that of progesterone. The uterine extraction of R 5020 (51.4 ± 3.9 (SE)%) was greater than that of progesterone (33.7 ± 7.7%) as was the uterine tissue:arterial blood ratio (28.1 ± 4 vs. 7.3). The brain and pituitary retention and distribution of R 5020 and progesterone were the same and provided no evidence for a selective accumulation of a progestin in the pituitary or hypothalamus.
Image estimation for structured-illumination microscopy

When recording three-dimensional (3D) images by the method of optical sectioning microscopy, each optical section contains the in-focus information plus out-of-focus contributions that obscure the in-focus detail and reduce contrast. There are several methods to remove or prevent the out-of-focus contributions from the stack of optical sections. One such method is image estimation -the use of a computer program based on a mathematical description of the microscope to remove the out-of-focus contributions. Another method is the use of structured illumination and a simple arithmetic operation to obtain a image that in which the out-of-focus contributions are greatly reduced. We derived a method for image estimation that uses the images collected from the structured-illumination microscope. The method improves the resolution of small detail over that possible with the structured illumination using the simple arithmetic formula.
One bottle too many? Method of testing determines the detection of overshadowing and retention of taste aversions

A two-bottle testing method generally is regarded as a more sensitive measure of taste aversions than a one-bottle test. The current research compared the sensitivity of one-bottle and two-bottle tests in the detection of taste aversions. Specifically, the experiments were designed to detect both overshadowing (single- vs. compound-element conditioning) and retention interval (5 days vs. 1 day) effects. The groups tested with the one-bottle method evidenced both significant overshadowing and stronger aversions at 5-day retention intervals. On the other hand, the differences on these measures were not significant with the two-bottle tests. It is suggested that the efficacy of the two-bottle test be re-evaluated since it may obscure between-group differences in aversion strength.
Role of lateral muscles and body orientation in feedforward postural control

The study investigates the role of lateral muscles and body orientation in anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). Subjects stood in front of an aluminum pendulum and were required to stop it with their right or left hand. An experimenter released the pendulum inducing similar body perturbations in all experimental series. The perturbation directions were manipulated by having the subjects standing on the force platform with different body orientations in relation to the pendulum movements. Consequently, perturbations were induced in sagittal, oblique, and frontal planes. Ground reaction forces and bilateral EMG activity of dorsal, ventral, and lateral trunk and leg muscles were recorded and quantified within the time intervals typical of APAs. Anticipatory postural adjustments were seen in all experimental conditions; their magnitudes depended on the body orientation in relation to the direction of perturbation. When the perturbation was produced in the lateral and oblique planes, APAs in the gluteus medius muscles were greater on the side opposite to the side of perturbation. Conversely, simultaneous anticipatory activation of the external obliques, rectus abdominis, and erector spinae muscles was observed on the side of perturbation when it was induced in the lateral plane. The results of the present study provide additional information on the directional specificity of anticipatory activation of ventral and dorsal muscles. The findings provide new data on the role of lateral muscles in feedforward postural control and stress the importance of taking into consideration their role in the control of upright posture.
Posterior Knee Dislocation Following Septic Arthritis of the Knee

This is a report of a case of nontraumatic posterior knee dislocation following septic arthritis in a 59-year-old male with leucopenia secondary to sarcoidosis. After confirmation of the diagnosis with synovial fluid analysis, the patient was taken emergently to the operating room for arthroscopic-assisted irrigation and debridement. Arthroscopy demonstrated intact cruciate ligaments but confirmed the diagnosis of septic arthritis demonstrating purulent synovial fluid. He was discharged after multiple repeat irrigation and debridement procedures and intravenous antibiotics improved his symptoms. The infection appeared to resolve as his laboratory values normalized following treatment. Three months later, however, x-rays revealed a nontraumatic posterior knee dislocation. We hypothesize that the soft tissues including the cruciate and collateral ligaments were made incompetent by enzymatic digestion and stretching with mobilization which allowed the knee to dislocate without a traumatic event.
The effects of haemolysis on serum chemistry measurements in poultry.

Summary The effects of haemolysis on serum chemistry values in broiler and layer chickens, and in turkeys were determined using two types of serum chemistry analysers, a wet reagent analyser and a dry slide reagent analyser. The interfering effects of haemolysis were evaluated using eight levels of haemoglobin in serum analysed by the wet reagent instrument and six levels of haemoglobin in serum analysed by the dry slide reagent instrument. Nine serum chemistry analytical tests were performed on each analyser, including determination of glucose, total protein, albumin, creatine kinase, gamma‐glutamyl transferase, aspartate aminotransferase, calcium, phosphorus and uric acid. The interfering effects of haemolysis varied depending on type of analyser, type of bird and the specific test. With the wet reagent chemistry analyser, the gamma‐glutamyl transferase, phosphorus and uric acid analytes were most sensitive to haemoglobin interference, and the albumin, total protein and creatine kinase analytes were mos...
The advantages of teaching three production volume variances

Abstract Although the relevance of production volume variances has been questioned in recent years, this paper argues that coverage of production volume variances should be expanded rather than eliminated from cost and managerial accounting courses. This expanded coverage should include introducing two variances in addition to the actual production volume variance illustrated in most cost and managerial accounting textbooks. The advantages of teaching the three variance approach are discussed in the paper and supported with three examples that connect the master budget, standard cost analysis and the newer activity based cost analysis.
Design Requirements for MC-331 Vehicles

Hauling compressed gases on the highways has been a phenomenon of the post-World War II era. The original requirements of the late 1940’s for interstate shipments were embodied in ICC specification MC-330. The then-current ASME Unfired Pressure Vessel Codes provided a design basis, and rather generalized additional considerations for service stresses were called for. Several years ago a number of serious cargo-tank failures resulted in a questioning of integrity of the MC-330 vehicles then in service. The resulting activity by both industry and government groups culminated in the promulgation of the new ICC Specification MC-331, which took effect on September 1, 1965. This paper discusses certain of the design stress considerations and interprets the valving requirements. Sample calculations are given to guide the designer in attaining compliance.
Surface acoustic wave properties of aluminum gallium arsenide

Surface acoustic wave (SAW) properties are measured for {100}‐cut, 〈100〉‐propagating aluminum gallium arsenide (AlxGa1−xAs) with x=0.2 and 0.4. The parameters used to characterize these properties are SAW velocity, SAW attenuation, and piezoelectric coupling coefficient. The measured velocities are found to be substantially higher than those on GaAs in agreement with the theoretical predictions of Adachi. The attenuation is close to the corresponding attenuation on GaAs which is approximately 1 dB/μs. The piezoelectric coupling coefficient is measured using two independent methods and is found to be significantly higher than that of GaAs. This means that the transduction of energy from electrical to acoustical is more efficient and hence acoustic charge transport devices on AlxGa1−xAs substrates will require considerably less rf drive power. An extensive literature search has revealed no previous work, theoretical or experimental, characterizing attenuation or piezoelectric coupling of SAW on AlxGa1−xAs. The velocity has been predicted by Adachi based on a model formulated by Keyes, and has been measured by Sapriel, but the measured velocities reported herein correspond to the predicted values much better than the values measured by Sapriel. The measurement technique described has not, to the authors’ knowledge, been previously used for measurement of the piezoelectric coupling coefficient, and represents a convenient method of obtaining the SAW parameters experimentally.
Direct-view storage-tube displays

Traditionally, the strong points of the direct-view storage tube as a computer-display medium have been its very high resolution, its low cost compared with competing display technologies, and its flicker-free display. Its disadvantages were low interactivity, short tube life, dimness, and low contrast. In the future, manufacturers will maintain the high resolution, and will continue to address the challenge that inexpensive memory is presenting to the tube's cost advantage. In addition, emerging technologies will continue to make advances in interactivity, life, brightness and contrast
Conservation of Particle Number in the Nuclear Pairing Model

The Euler-Lagrange equations corresponding to a Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer state that is an eigenstate of the number operator are derived and solved numerically for a $\ensuremath{\delta}$ interaction. The errors due to the nonconservation of particle number in the usual Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer theory are studied as a function of particle number, level density, and strength of the pairing interaction. A proof is given that for attractive pairing interactions the lowest energy solution corresponds always to real positive probability amplitudes ${v}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$, ${u}_{\ensuremath{\nu}}$.
A new frequency-selective toposcope for electroencephalography

A multi-channel toposcopic display system for EEGy is described. The instrument is capable of recording the frequency and phase relations in 16 separate channels and includes means for generating appropriate sensory stimuli. An electronic circular scan generator of unusual design is described in detail.
Biomechanical And Ergonomic Stresses In Warehouse Operations

Abstract Biomechanical and ergonomic stresses to the wholesale grocery order selectors were studied in three different warehouses. Biomechanical job evaluation predicts that at least 33% of the male and 75% of the female industrial workers would be overstressed on these jobs. Ergonomic evaluation showed that the racks were either too high or too low. The order selectors are required to lift heavy and bulky loads to a vertical height which is close to the reach limit for most people and at a horizontal distance which is close to the functional reach limit. Biomechanical and ergonomic requirements of the order selectors' jobs are discussed.
Urban Advocates for Young Children with Special Needs: First-Year Early Childhood Teachers Enacting Social Justice.

This article shares the ways new early childhood teachers carry forward the social justice principles emphasized in their teacher education program into their actual practice. Their participation in a university-sponsored mentoring group served as the context for this study. Through an emergent themes analysis, we explored how they prioritized diverse learners' needs, learned to “work the system” to provide optimal special education services, struggled to make multicultural curriculum meaningful and realized the importance of working with families. Our findings also illuminate the ways that feedback from new teachers can enhance early childhood teacher preparation.
THE FUN GOD: SPORTS, RECREATION, LEISURE, AND AMUSEMENT IN THE UNITED STATES

ABSTRACT This article is a social historical examination of leisure time in the United States and how the concept fun has evolved and developed to a place of dominant centrality in our daily lives and economies. The pervasiveness of fun in American society is discussed in terms of sports, recreation, and hobbies. The sociological implications of the integration of leisure in the lives of Americans are presented in the style of Ralph Linton (1956).
Implementation of approach to compute the Lyapunov characteristic exponents for continuous dynamical systems to higher dimensions

A general method for accurately computing the Lyapunov characteristic exponents (LCEs) of continuous dynamical systems has been developed in [10]. In this paper, this method is extended to implementations on systems of arbitrary dimensions. An accurate implementation of the extension of the method to compute LCEs that uses available numerical techniques is presented for systems of arbitrary dimensions. Previously in [10], the original approach had only been implemented for general systems of up to dimension three. Closed form expressions for the exponential of skew symmetric matrices of order 4 and 5 will be presented. These formulas are used to obtain an accurate and efficient implementation of the method for dynamical systems of dimensions 4 and 5. Numerical examples illustrating the accuracy of the implementations are presented.
On the Origin of the Canonical Nucleobases: An Assessment of Selection Pressures across Chemical and Early Biological Evolution.

The native bases of RNA and DNA are prominent examples of the narrow selection of organic molecules upon which life is based. How did nature “decide” upon these specific heterocycles? Evidence suggests that many types of heterocycles could have been present on the early Earth. It is therefore likely that the contemporary composition of nucleobases is a result of multiple selection pressures that operated during early chemical and biological evolution. The persistence of the fittest heterocycles in the prebiotic environment towards, for example, hydrolytic and photochemical assaults, may have given some nucleobases a selective advantage for incorporation into the first informational polymers. The prebiotic formation of polymeric nucleic acids employing the native bases remains, however, a challenging problem to reconcile. Hypotheses have proposed that the emerging RNA world may have included many types of nucleobases. This is supported by the extensive utilization of non-canonical nucleobases in extant RNA and the resemblance of many of the modified bases to heterocycles generated in simulated prebiotic chemistry experiments. Selection pressures in the RNA world could have therefore narrowed the composition of the nucleic acid bases. Two such selection pressures may have been related to genetic fidelity and duplex stability. Considering these possible selection criteria, the native bases along with other related heterocycles seem to exhibit a certain level of fitness. We end by discussing the strength of the N-glycosidic bond as a potential fitness parameter in the early DNA world, which may have played a part in the refinement of the alphabetic bases.
Fabrication and implementation of nanodiamond lateral field emission diode for logic OR function

Abstract This article reports successful fabrication and characterization of vacuum microelectronic OR gate logic using nanodiamond lateral diode structures. Two identical sets of four nanodiamond lateral diodes with different numbers of emitters, viz., 125, 325, 2340 and 9360, and with equal anode–cathode spacing of ~ 3.5-μm were fabricated on silicon-on-insulator (SOI) wafers. First the fabricated lateral emitters were characterized for emission current scaling to examine the scaling effect of different structures with respect to the forward emission current. Then, two identical diodes were connected in a circuit using diode–resister logic to realize the logic OR function with a square wave as an input signal. The current scaling behavior, demonstrating 1 μA current at 18, 15, 7 and 2.2 V for 125-, 325-, 2340- and 9360-fingered emitter structures respectively, directly affects the logic OR response. These nanodiamond vacuum logic gates are promising for application in harsh environments.
Effects of Zoospore Aggregation and Substrate Rugosity on Kelp Recruitment Success.

Successful kelp recruitment is important for kelp population persistence and associated kelp forest communities. The proximity of settled kelp zoospores is a known requirement for successful kelp recruitment and proximity can be increased as zoospores aggregate. Substrate rugosity can also be an important factor affecting macroalgal settlement and recruitment in wave-swept areas, and may affect kelp recruitment by aggregating zoospores. In this study, kelp zoospores were cultured at different levels of small-scale aggregation and kelp recruitment was quantified. Sporophyte production significantly increased as zoospores became more aggregated indicating that processes that aggregate kelp zoospores have the potential to enhance kelp recruitment. A 13-month field experiment demonstrated differential kelp recruitment onto settlement plates that mimicked surface rugosities of two common rock types within Stillwater Cove, Carmel Bay in central California (Carmelo Formation sandstone and Santa Lucia granodiorite). Significantly more kelp recruited to molds mimicking granodiorite over the yearlong study (granodiorite = 2.7 recruits ± SE 0.50, sandstone = 1.2 recruits ± SE 0.51). There was a significant difference in recruitment between seasons and this variability was due to the fact that spring had the highest average number of kelp recruits per mold. However, the interaction between substrate and season was not significant. This study emphasizes the importance of kelp zoospore aggregation on kelp recruitment and demonstrates that small-scale rugosity affects kelp recruitment.
Posterior chamber intraocular lenses in a series of 75 autopsy eyes. Part I: Loop location.

Abstract Over a period of 27 months, November 1983 to February 1986, 75 eyes obtained postmortem with posterior chamber intraocular lenses (IOLs) were examined at the Center for Intraocular Lens Research, University of Utah Health Sciences Center. These IOLs were studied by histopatholog cal techniques to determine the location of the loops. The most common combination, found in 47% of the specimens, was one loop in the lens capsular sac (bag) and one loop in the ciliary sulcus. In 32% of the specimens, both loops were in the capsular sac; in 17%, both loops were in the ciliary sulcus: Compared to results observed in other autopsy studies, in which capsular fixation was documented in less than 3% of cases, these findings reflect a trend toward capsular sac (in-the-bag) implantation of open-looped posterior chamber IOLs.
Nutritional and developmental factors in larval growth and retrogression of Trogoderma glabrum

Abstract Diet is an important determinant of the developmental pattern of Trogoderma glabrum (Herbst). Two nutritionally adequate diets were compared. The average weight of larvae of the same age was greater when cultured on meridic diet than on standard crude diet. The expected pattern of instars, as determined by head capsule widths, was observed for larvae reared on standard diet. On meridic diet, head capsules of each instar were significantly wider, and both sexes pupated after 5 stadia. Survival during retrogression correlated positively with weight at the time of isolation. Larvae reared on meridic diet survived longer than larvae of equal culture age or weight from standard diet. Survival and maintenance of weight were greatly improved by direct contact with nutritional media, some of which were incomplete (powdered cellulose plus 10% lactalbumin, fructose, or glucose). Cellulose alone, however, was more detrimental to survival than no medium. A moult after transfer to isolation tubes produced 3 morphologically distinct forms, determined by the extent of maturation. Immature larvae retromoulted to smaller larvae; fully mature larvae pupated; and larvae that had initiated but not completed pupal differentiation became prothetelic.
Making memories matter Journalistic authority and the memorializing discourse around Mary McGrory and David Brinkley

The death of an eminent journalist prompts a flurry of memorializing discourse in the news media situating the deceased in a framework that makes sense of his or her accomplishments in the present ...
Buckyballs and gluon junction networks on the femtometre scale

We explore the possibility that novel geometrical structures analogous to carbon fullerenes may exist in Nature on the femtometre scale. The theory of strong interactions, quantum chromodynamics (QCD) predicts the existence of special topological gluon field configurations called baryon junctions and anti-junctions. Here we show that femto-scale structures, networks or closed (gluon field) cages, can be constructed in the theory of QCD as tiny cousins of familiar nano-scale structures such as carbonic fullerenes C60, C70. The most symmetric polyhedra of QCD junctions (J-balls) are characterized by the 'magic numbers' 8, 24, 48 and 120, and zero net baryon number. Tubes, prisms, tori and other topological structures can also be created. In addition, special configurations can be constructed that are odd under charge and parity conjugation (CP), although the QCD Lagrangian is CP even. We provide a semiclassical estimate for the expected mass range of QCD buckyballs and discuss the possible conditions under which such novel topological excitations of the QCD vacuum may be produced in experiments of high-energy physics.
Interactive economic dynamics and differential games

This survey reviews the applications of differential game theory in analyzing issues in the economic literature. The needs of the economic discipline are juxtaposed with the merits of various existing types of differential games. Suggestions are also made as to areas holding great promise for future research.
Sex Differences in the Behavior and the Social Interactions of Immature Galago senegalensis braccatus

There is little detailed documentation of immature behavior, especially mother-offspring interactions, for nocturnal prosimians, and few studies have examined sex differences in mother-offspring inter
The Importance of Being Discrete (and Spatial)

Abstract We consider and compare four approaches to modeling the dynamics of spatially distributed systems: mean field approaches (described by ordinary differential equations) in which every individual is considered to have equal probability of interacting with every other individual; patch models that group discrete individuals into patches without additional spatial structure; reaction-diffusion equations, in which infinitesimal individuals are distributed in space; and interacting particle systems, in which individuals are discrete and space is treated explicitly. We apply these four approaches to three examples of species interactions in spatially distributed populations and compare their predictions. Each represents different assumptions about the biology and hence a comparison among them has biological as well as modeling implications. In the first case all four approaches agree, in the second the spatial models disagree with the nonspatial ones, while in the third the stochastic models with discrete individuals disagree with the ones based on differential equations. We show further that the limiting reaction-diffusion equations associated with particle systems can have different qualitative behavior from those obtained by simply adding diffusion terms to mean field equations.
Effect of acrylonitrile content on the toughness of ABS materials

Abstract Styrene/acrylonitrile (SAN) copolymers were toughened by addition of several SAN emulsion grafted rubbers. The main variables of the study included the AN content of the SAN graft (14.2–37.5%) and the AN content of the SAN matrix (14.7–40%). The aim was to develop general principles underlying the properties of rubber toughened SAN or ABS materials. Rubber-matrix adhesion, state of rubber particle dispersion and the inherent ductility of matrix polymer were evaluated, and the trends found in the mechanical behaviour of the blends are reasonably well explained by these three factors. The concept of inherent ductility, in particular, is effectively utilized and its importance in the ultimate properties of rubber toughened SAN is emphasized.
Multi-interval elicitation of random intervals for engineering reliability analysis

Random intervals are increasingly useful in engineering modeling, but are difficult to measure and elicit from experts. We present a method for constructing random intervals by eliciting simple "multiinterval" and trace information from investigators. By eliciting in addition to "how high" and "how low", simply also "how high and low might the min and max themselves be", we generate an equivalence class of possibility distributions, and in turn a canonical member of an equivalence class of random intervals
The variance of the number of mutual choices in sociometry

The variance of the number of mutual dyads in a sociometric situation where each member of a group chooses independently and at random is derived for unrestricted numbers of choices per group member, as well as for a fixed number of choices. The distribution of the number of mutuals is considered.
Estimation of Recurrence of Colorectal Adenomas with Dependent Censoring Using Weighted Logistic Regression

In colorectal polyp prevention trials, estimation of the rate of recurrence of adenomas at the end of the trial may be complicated by dependent censoring, that is, time to follow-up colonoscopy and dropout may be dependent on time to recurrence. Assuming that the auxiliary variables capture the dependence between recurrence and censoring times, we propose to fit two working models with the auxiliary variables as covariates to define risk groups and then extend an existing weighted logistic regression method for independent censoring to each risk group to accommodate potential dependent censoring. In a simulation study, we show that the proposed method results in both a gain in efficiency and reduction in bias for estimating the recurrence rate. We illustrate the methodology by analyzing a recurrent adenoma dataset from a colorectal polyp prevention trial.
Nanostructured component fabrication by electron beam-physical vapor deposition

Fabrication of cost-effective, nano-grained net-shaped components has brought considerable interest to Department of Defense, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, and Department of Energy. The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the versatility of electron beam-physical vapor deposition (EB-PVD) technology in engineering new nanostructured materials with controlled microstructure and microchemistry in the form of coatings and net-shaped components for many applications including the space, turbine, optical, biomedical, and auto industries. Coatings are often applied on components to extent their performance and life under severe environmental conditions including thermal, corrosion, wear, and oxidation. Performance and properties of the coatings depend upon their composition, microstructure, and deposition condition. Simultaneous co-evaporation of multiple ingots of different compositions in the high energy EB-PVD chamber has brought considerable interest in the architecture of functional graded coatings, nano-laminated coatings, and design of new structural materials that could not be produced economically by conventional methods. In addition, high evaporation and condensate rates allowed fabricating precision net-shaped components with nanograined microstructure for various applications. Using EB-PVD, nano-grained rhenium (Re) coatings and net-shaped components with tailored microstructure and properties were fabricated in the form of tubes, plates, and Re-coated spherical graphite cores. This paper will also present the results of various metallic and ceramic coatings including chromium, titanium carbide (TiC), titanium diboride (TiB2), hafnium nitride (HfN), titanium-boron-carbonitride (TiBCN), and partially yttria stabilized zirconia (YSZ) TBC coatings deposited by EB-PVD for various applications.
Aeration, nitrogen and salinity as determinants of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. Growth response

A greenhouse experiment was conducted to examine the effects of salinity, nitrogen, and aeration on the growth of Spartina alterniflora Loisel. The experiment was conducted in a factorial arrangement of treatments with salt marsh substrate at three salinity levels (15, 30, 45‰), at two nitrogen levels (0 and 168 kg/ha) and at two aeration levels (zero and oxygen saturation).
Associations Between Young Adults' Use of Sexually Explicit Materials and Their Sexual Preferences, Behaviors, and Satisfaction

This study examined how levels of sexually explicit material (SEM) use during adolescence and young adulthood were associated with sexual preferences, sexual behaviors, and sexual and relationship satisfaction. Participants included 782 heterosexual college students (326 men and 456 women; Mage = 19.9) who completed a questionnaire online. Results revealed high frequencies and multiple types and contexts of SEM use, with men's usage rates systematically higher than women's. Regression analyses revealed that both the frequency of SEM use and number of SEM types viewed were uniquely associated with more sexual experience (a higher number of overall and casual sexual intercourse partners, as well as a lower age at first intercourse). Higher frequencies of SEM use were associated with less sexual and relationship satisfaction. The frequency of SEM use and number of SEM types viewed were both associated with higher sexual preferences for the types of sexual practices typically presented in SEM. These findings ...
Organization Development in a Large System: An Empirical Assessment:

This paper reports the results of a quasi-experimental field study measuring the effects of three Organization Development (OD) interventions conducted in a large, geographically dispersed organiza...
ENSURING SUPPLY CHAIN RESILIENCE: DEVELOPMENT OF A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK

The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the official policy or position of the Air Force, the Department of Defense, or the U.S. Government. In a world of turbulent change, resilience is a key competency since even the most carefully designed supply chain is susceptible to unforeseen events. This article presents a new Supply Chain Resilience Framework to help businesses deal with change. The conceptual framework is based on extant literature and refined through a focus group methodology. Our findings suggest that supply chain resilience can be assessed in terms of two dimensions: vulnerabilities and capabilities. The Zone of Resilience is defined as the desired balance between vulnerabilities and capabilities, where it is proposed that firms will be the most profitable in the long term. We identified seven vulnerability factors composed of 40 specific attributes and 14 capability factors from 71 attributes that facilitate the measurement of resilience. The article concludes with managerial implications and recommendations for future research.
Oscillatory spatial profile of alcohol's effects on the resting state: anatomically-constrained MEG.

It has been firmly established that opening and closing the eyes strongly modulate the electro- and magnetoencephalography (EEG and MEG) signals acquired during wakeful rest. Certain features of the resting EEG are altered in chronic alcoholics and their offspring, and have been proposed as biomarkers for alcoholism. Spontaneous brain oscillations are also affected by pharmacological manipulations, but the spectral and spatial characteristics of these changes are not clear. This study examined effects of the eyes-open (EO) and eyes-closed (EC) resting paradigm and alcohol challenge on the spatial profile of spontaneous MEG and EEG oscillations. Whole-head MEG and scalp EEG signals were acquired simultaneously from healthy social drinkers (n = 17) who participated in both alcohol (0.6 g/kg ethanol for men, 0.55 g/kg for women) and placebo conditions in a counterbalanced design. Power of the signal was calculated with Fast Fourier Transform and was decomposed into its constituent theta (4–7 Hz), alpha (8–12 Hz), and beta (15–20 Hz) frequency bands. High-resolution structural MRI images were additionally obtained from all participants and used to constrain distributed minimum norm inverse source power estimates. The spatial estimates of the main generator nodes were in agreement with studies using a combined fMRI-EEG approach. Alpha band oscillations dominated the spectral profile and their source was estimated to the medial parieto-occipital area. Power in theta and beta bands was weaker overall and their sources were estimated to a more focal medial prefrontal area. EO and EC manipulation most strongly modulated power in the alpha band, but a wide-band power increase was observed during the EC condition. Alcohol intoxication increased alpha power, particularly during the EC condition. Application of this methodology to cohorts of chronic alcoholics or individuals at risk could potentially provide insight into the neural basis of oscillatory differences that may be predictive of the vulnerability to alcoholism.
Rate and pause characteristics of oral reading

Twenty-three male subjects each read a paragraph aloud and graphic level recordings of their readings were measured in order to determine the average sentence rate, phrase rate, and duration of phrase and sentence pauses. It was found that noninitial sentences and phrases were significantly faster in rate and that pauses between sentences were significantly longer in duration. The findings are consistent with a reduction of uncertainty hypothesis that rate increases and pause decreases as uncertainty decreases.
Employment Status and Income Generation Among Homeless Young Adults: Results From a Five-City, Mixed-Methods Study

This mixed-methods study identified correlates of unemployment among homeless young adults in five cities. Two hundred thirty-eight homeless young people from Los Angeles (n = 50), Austin (n = 50), Denver (n = 50), New Orleans (n = 50), and St. Louis (n = 38) were recruited using comparable sampling strategies. Multivariate logistic regression results indicate that homeless young adults were more likely to be unemployed if they had been on the streets longer, currently lived on the streets, earned an income from panhandling, and were addicted to drugs. Quantitative findings are expanded on with focus-group data from a group of homeless young people in Los Angeles regarding their challenges in locating and maintaining employment. Employment-related barriers for this population include prior homelessness, geographic transience, previous felonies, mental illness, and addiction. Findings suggest that homeless young adults’ employment status and use of specific income-generating activities may be influenced by...
Dissipation in composites with high-loss and lossless components

Summary form only given. Use of low-loss magnetic materials in high-power microwave devices can improve significantly their performance. We have demonstrated1 that the electromagnetic losses in the composite structure can be reduced by up to two orders of magnitude, compared to those of the uniform magnetic sample made of the same lossy magnetic material. Importantly, the dramatic absorption reduction is not a resonance effect and occurs over a broad frequency range covering a significant portion of the respective photonic frequency band. The optimal configuration of the composite may depend on the dominant physical mechanism of absorption, such as electric conductivity or domain wall friction.
Synthesis and characterization of Os(II)(dpop′) (dpop′ = dipyrido(2,3-a;3′,2′-j)phenazine) complexes with 2,2′-bipyridine(bpy); 2,2′-bipyrimidine(bpm) and 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine(dpp)

Abstract New Os(II) complexes including [Os(dpop′) 2 ](PF 6 ) 2 (dpop′= dipyrido(2,3- a ;3′,2′- j )phenazine) and a series of mixed ligand [Os(dpop′)( N–N) Cl]PF 6 ( N–N = 2,2′-bipyridine(bpy); 2,2′-bipyrimidine(bpm) and 2,3-bis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine(dpp)) were synthesized. The Os dπ → dpop′ π ∗ MLCT transitions for [Os(dpop′) 2 ] 2+ are observed at lower energy than for Os dπ → tpy π ∗ (tpy = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine) and Os dπ → tppz π ∗ (tppz = 2,3,5,6-tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine) (The ligand abbreviations tpd, tpp and tpypz have also appeared in the literature for 2,3,5,6- tetrakis(2-pyridyl)pyrazine in addition to tppz.) MLCT transitions in the comparative [Os(tpy) 2 ] 2+ and [Os(tppz) 2 ] 2+ complexes. The Os dπ → dpop′ π ∗ MLCT transitions are observed at lower energy in mixed bidentate ligand N–N systems compared with [Os(dpop′) 2 ] 2+ . Cyclic voltammetry shows more positive osmium oxidation, and less negative ligand reduction potentials for [Os(dpop′) 2 ] 2+ as compared to [Os(tpy) 2 ] 2+ and [Os(tppz) 2 ] 2+ complexes. The osmium oxidation potentials in mixed ligand [Os(dpop′)( N–N) Cl] + complexes are at less positive potential than for the [Os(dpop′) 2 ] 2+ ion. NMR results show different chemical shifts for ring protons either trans or cis to dpop′ in mixed ligand systems, and also show two geometrical isomers for the [Os(dpop′)(dpp)Cl] + complex. The [Os(dpop′)(dpp)Cl] + geometric isomer with the pyrazine ring of dpp trans to dpop′ is found more predominate by 1.0/0.7 over the isomer with the pyrazine ring of dpp cis to dpop′ and that inter-conversion of geometric isomers does not occur in room temperature solution on the NMR timescale.
A small-angle neutron scattering study of gamma-crystallins near their isoelectric point.

In this paper, a small-angle neutron scattering study of γII-crystallins near their isoelectric point is presented. The experiments were carried out using protein concentrations of 5.7–85.7 mg/ml at temperatures in the range 11–60°C. The experimental data were analyzed using an ellipsoidal model for intra-particle correlations and the mean spherical approximation for interparticle correlations. Our studies revealed that γII-crystallins have a thick hydration layer, which is possibly due to the special arrangement of polar and ionic groups on their surface. The temperature scan shows that, as a result of relatively strong attractive forces, clusters of two, three, or higher oligomers are present below 20°C. Our results suggest that protein clusters, with a distinctive hydration layer, form a protein-rich phase that separates from a protein-lean phase as the temperature is decreased below some threshold value.
The Drazln inverse and systems of second order linear differential equations

The problem of computing the Drazin inverse of the matrix discussed. The relationship of this problem to second order differential equations is explained and known results given.
Effect of education on the use of universal precautions in a university hospital emergency department.

Study objectives: To determine if an educational program would improve both knowledge and practice of universal precautions by nursing personnel. Design: Participants were given a 14-question test and observed for their practice of universal precautions during routine IV catheter placement or phlebotomy and trauma care before and six months after an education in-service. Setting: University hospital emergency department. Type of participants: Nursing personnel. Interventions: One-hour lecture addressing the occupational risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and the recommended use of universal precautions. Measurements and main results: The mean overall correct response rates to the questionnaire before and after the in-service were 70% and 73%, respectively ( P = NS). The pattern of incorrect responses suggested that the perceived risks of HIV transmission are underestimated, particularly among healthy-appearing patients. For care of critical trauma patients, there were significant increases between the frequency rates before and after the in-service of glove and protective eyewear use (66.7% vs 87.7%, P P Conclusion: An intensive educational program was associated with a modest increase in the compliance of ED nursing personnel with universal precautions and had no long-term effect on their general knowledge of HIV risk. The practice of universal precautions is still far from universal in this ED.
Unpacking exam-room computing: negotiating computer-use in patient-physician interactions

The presence of computers - especially desktops - takes significant time and attention away from patients during medical visits. As a result, patients may feel disengaged and disregarded. In this study, we examined the impact of using "Computer-on-Wheels" (COWs) in exam-rooms. We found physicians constantly reorienting and resituating exam-room computers to different positions during the three stages of a medical visit: communication-intensive phase, lecturing phase and ordering phase. We refer to this behavior as micro-negotiation of computer-use. Analysis of its usage patterns, as well as physician and patient perceptions, show that micro-negotiations facilitate eye contact expression and encourage patient participation in medical visits. In addition, we identify two tensions and two unintended benefits resulting from micro-negotiations. These findings lead us to consider new modes of negotiation in the exam-room that could alleviate the tensions identified while enabling physicians to continue enjoying micro-negotiation benefits in their work practice.
State and Trait Correlates of Job Performance: A Tale of Two Perspectives

The relative importance of dispositional and situational influences on organizational behaviors has been widely debated within the organizational sciences. In the current research, we report the results of two field studies that, taken together, provide an opportunity to examine the relative contributions of psychological well-being, positive mood, and negative mood as predictors of job performance. In Study 1, bivariate correlational analyses demonstrated that psychological well-being and negative mood, but not positive mood, were related to job performance measured over “the past year.” Hierarchical regression analysis found that psychological well-being was positively related to job performance, even when controlling for positive and negative mood. These findings were replicated and extended in the second study. In particular, bivariate correlational analyses demonstrated that psychological well-being and negative mood were predictive of job performance “at the present time.” However, unlike Study 1, hierarchical regression analyses found that both psychological well-being and negative mood were predictive of performance, even after controlling for each other and positive mood.
Pelagic Occurrence of Benthic Animals Near Shore in Lake Michigan

Collections with towed nets showed that presumably sedentary benthic animals occurred continually in the water above bottom in small numbers over depths of 6 m and 9 m in southeastern Lake Michigan. Densities were usually higher at night and in the months from June through September. Pelagic individuals at both depths consisted mainly of two chironomids, Saetheria tylus and Chironomus sp., and two naidids, Stylaria lacustris and Nais pardalis, but a total of 71 species were collected over a seven-month period. About 0.1% of the benthic animals were present above bottom at any time during a night in July 1974. The dominant pelagic species were the same as the benthic dominants at 6 m, but were much less important in the benthos at 9 m. We propose that this behavior, analogous to drifting of stream invertebrates, serves to maintain benthic populations in the frequently disturbed sediments of shallow (6 m deep or less) areas in Lake Michigan, and probably many other large lakes.