cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association between clean intermittent catheterization and urinary tract infection in infants and toddlers with spina bifida.

Summary Introduction The primary goal of urologic management in children with spina bifida is to reduce the risk of urinary tract infection (UTI) and associated renal injury. While clean intermittent catheterization (CIC) has been the mainstay of treatment, recent studies have suggested that this approach is not without risk. The objective of this study was to examine the association between alternative bladder management strategies and UTI in infants and toddlers with spina bifida. Methods A retrospective cohort study was conducted on spina bifida patients, aged 0–3 years, seen in a multidisciplinary spinal defects clinic between 2008 and 2013. Inclusion criteria included: a primary diagnosis of meningocele, myelomeningocele, or lipomyelomeningocele. Patients were excluded if they had: Results A total of 107 patients meeting study criteria were identified. The majority of patients had lumbar lesions (74.8%) and ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunts (72.9%). Initial bladder management was by CIC in 39.3% of patients and spontaneous voiding in 60.8% of patients. Median age at follow-up was 2.5 years. During the study period, 23.4% of patients switched from spontaneous voiding to CIC. Patients managed with CIC were more likely to have UTIs at final follow-up than those managed with voiding (35.7% vs. 18.5%; P = 0.045). Patients with vesicoureteral reflux (VUR) were also more likely to have UTIs (54.5% vs. 17.9%; P = 0.015). Patients who switched from spontaneous voiding to CIC over the study period were more likely to be evaluated with urodynamics (72.0% vs. 31.8%; P Conclusions In the present series, infants and toddlers with spina bifida who were initially managed with spontaneous voiding had a lower risk of UTI than those managed with CIC. Patients who switched to CIC after a period of initial observation with voiding did not have a significantly different risk of UTI compared with those managed with CIC alone. These findings suggest that early initiation of CIC may not be warranted in all infants with spina bifida. Further studies are needed to more clearly define optimal indications for initiation of CIC in these patients. Table . Association of UTIs and bladder management. UTI No UTI P-value OR (95% CI) Initial bladder management CIC 35.7% 64.3% Voiding 18.5% 81.5% 0.045 2.45 (1.01–5.97) Final bladder management CIC 33.3% 66.7% Voiding 13.6% 86.4% 0.021 3.17 (1.16–8.68) Change in bladder management CIC (no change) 39.5% 60.5% Voiding (no change) 15.0% 85.0% 0.27 (0.09–0.80) Voiding→CIC 24.0% 76.0% 0.063 0.48 (0.16–1.49)
Extended Mean Values

(1978). Extended Mean Values. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 85, No. 2, pp. 84-90.
Abstract B7: High-resolution geospatial mapping tools to reduce breast cancer-related disparities

Background: Breast cancer mortality is significantly higher in pre-menopausal African American women than in age-matched Caucasian women (38.4 vs. 23.0 deaths/100,000). Durham County has one of the highest rates of breast cancer death for African American women in the State of North Carolina (47.2 deaths/100,000 versus 26.5/100,000 for Caucasian women), with rates in North Carolina well higher than national averages. The causes of these disparities are complex, but likely include lack of access to care, cultural norms regarding preventive screening, and the high frequency of clinically aggressive triple-negative breast cancer in African American women. Survival rates for pre-menopausal African American women with triple negative breast cancer are extremely poor, with only 14% of women alive five years after diagnosis. Our outreach studies provide evidence that one key to reducing breast cancer death is to identify high-risk women before (rather than after) women present with invasive breast cancer. However, there are many barriers to identifying breast cancer risk in African American women, including cultural barriers, education, mistrust, and hesitancy to participate in clinical trials. Hypothesis: High-resolution geospatial analysis can be used to 1) identify neighborhoods with a high incidence of early onset breast cancer in African American women, 2) target outreach services, and 3) rapidly tracking response to community partnered interventions. Methods: We used high-resolution geospatial mapping to develop point density maps of: 1) family history of breast cancer; 2) invasive breast cancer; 3) pre-cancer; and 4) mammography, for all women, Caucasian women, and African American women. We evaluated women of all ages and women Conclusion: High-resolution geospatial mapping allowed us to 1) identify Durham neighborhoods with the highest incidence and rate of young African American women with early onset breast cancer and 2) demonstrated that African American women under the age of 50 were only undergoing mammography when presenting with a breast mass. We are currently using geospatial mapping to target Navigator sponsored community education and provide free breast screening through neighborhood community centers and free clinics. Geospatial mapping will be used to track the effectiveness of our community partnered interventions. Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2010;3(12 Suppl):B7.
Reproductive disruptions: Gender, technology and biopolitics in the new millennium

Reproductive disruptions: Gender, technology and biopolitics in the new millennium, edited by Marcia C. Inhorn, New York, Berghahn Books, 2007, 239 pp., including notes, US$70.00/£35.00 (hardcover)...
Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of the subclavian, vertebral and basilar arteries: technical considerations

Percutaneous transluminal angioplasty of brachiocephalic vessels is being performed with increasing frequency. The indications for treatment include symptomatic stenosis refractory to medical therapy. Patients are now being treated for atherosclerotic disease, fibromuscular dysplasia, and arteritis causing critical stenosis of the subclavian, vertebral, and basilar arteries. From a transfemoral or transaxillary approach, the balloon dilatation catheter is guided across the area of stenosis, and inflated once or twice, at 10–12 atmospheres of pressure for 6–10 s, to produce dilatation. To date 130 patients have been treated. Complications included 4 instances of transient cerebral ischemia, 2 stroke and 1 vessel occlusion. This technique can be efficacious for treatment of patients with symptomatic, critical stenosis of the posterior circulation.
A survey of community nursing curriculum requirements in community nurses in Hunan province

Objective To investigate the actual needs that community nurses have on community nursing courses in community health service organization in Hunan province,to provide a reliable teaching basis for the community nursing courses.Methods Investigations on 189 community health nurses in 5 cities,this is conducted on the self-designed questionnaires based on community nursing textbook content,the effective recovery rates of questionnaire is 92.6%.Results Community nursing personnel think the more important content is:community nutrition and dietary management 85.7%,the handling of sudden public health event 76.7%,and community environment assessment 69.8%,and interpersonal communication capacity 69.8%,and epidemiology and statistics application 66.7%,and community rehabilitation nursing 64%,and family visiting and family nursing 51.9%;less used is:community health archives management 54.5%,and community nursing overview 36%,and Common nursing care on infectious diseases and chronic disease 31.7%;special populations health care 30.2%;occupational diseases 25.4%;community nurses' requirements on community nursing course hours are:56~70 courses 45%,41~55 courses 29.6%,more than 71 courses 14.3%,less than 40 courses 11.1%.Conclusion In community developing,increase the community nurse's qualification levels;adjusting the content of community nursing mainly on prevention and health care;appropriately increase the number of lessons,close union on theory and practice,building a practical curriculum of community nursing.
Effects of Fertilizer Variety on Yield,Quality and Diet Safety in Grains of High Quality Rice

With superiority rice Guixiaozhan as material,through field plot experiment,effects of chemical fertilizer,Delong organic fertilizer,long-term controlled release fertilizer,and blank control on rice yield,rice quality and diet safety(Hg,As,Cd content) were studied.The results showed that the filled grain number per panicle and seed setting rate of Delong organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatment are significantly higher than long-term controlled release fertilizer,so as to result in higher yields than that of the long-term controlled release fertilizer.There existed significant differences in rice quality traits among the different fertilizer treatments.Among them,fertilizer treatments had little effect on the rice cooking and eating quality,but showed an obvious effect on the processing and appearance qualities.In terms of the processing quality,the chemical fertilizer application treatment could significantly enhance the milled rice yield,and the head rice yields of the Delong organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments are significantly higher than the long-term controlled release fertilizer.On the aspect of the appearance quality,all of the treatments could significantly decrease the chalky grains percentage and chalkiness percentage of rice,and the chemical fertilizer treatment had the largest effect on the rice appearance quality.Fertilization may lead to the increase in Hg,As,Cd content in rice,and lower the quality of health.In terms of Hg content in brown rice,three fertilizer treatments all were significantly higher than that of the blank control treatment.The As content in brown rice of the long-term controlled release fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments and the Cd treatment in brown rice of the long-term controlled release fertilizer were significantly higher than that of the blank control fertilizer treatment.Under this experiment condition,the Delong organic fertilizer and chemical fertilizer treatments were beneficial to increase the rice yield,and improve the rice quality to a higher level.The Delong organic fertilizer was the most conductive treatment to gain higher edible safety of rice.
Achieving fault-tolerance and safety of discrete-event systems through learning

A system is said to be fault-tolerant if it remains functional even after a fault occurs. By describing faults as unpredicted events, we study the active fault-tolerance of discrete-event systems (DES) while ensuring safety requirements. Starting from a finite automaton model of the uncontrolled plant, our proposed control framework consists of nominal supervision, fault diagnosis and active post-fault control reconfiguration. First a nominal supervisor is designed with respect to the nominal mode to ensure the control specification prior to the occurrence of faults. Second, a learning-based algorithm is proposed to compute a diagnoser that can detect the occurrence of a fault. Necessary and sufficient conditions under which a post-fault safety-enforcing control reconfiguration is feasible are explored, and a second learning-based design algorithm for the post-fault supervisor is presented by using the limited lookahead policies. Effectiveness the proposed framework is examined through an example.
Trade and Productivity: A Route to Reallocation with a High Transport Toll

Plenty of ink has been devoted to the topic of trade and productivity, particularly in Latin America and the Caribbean. Even though the results are mixed when country and sector data are used, most of the more robust evidence at the firm level seems to confirm what professional economists have known for centuries: trade boosts productivity (see IDB 2002; Fernandes 2007; Lopez-Cordova and Mesquita Moreira 2004; Muendler 2002; and Pavcnik 2002).
Index of Suspicion in the Nursery: Preterm Infant With Neck Mass

M is a 71-day-old male infant born at 23 3/7 weeks’ gestation, now 33 and 4/7 with leukocytosis and elevated high sensitivity C-reactive protein with no other clinical signs or symptoms suggestive of infection. On examination, the infant’s vital signs are as follows: weight 1.450 kg, pulse oxygen saturation 90% to 100% on nasal intermittent mandatory ventilation via Hudson prongs positive end-expiratory pressure 7, peak inspiratory pressure 21, rate 30 and fraction of inspired oxygen of 0.25 to 0.30, heart rate 136 to 170 beats per minute, respiratory rate 33 to 80 beats per minute, and blood pressure 61 to 80/35 to 56 mm Hg; the infant is afebrile. There is no evidence of nasal septal breakdown. The infant has coarse breath sounds bilaterally, and there is a well-healed scar on the left hemithorax (from the ductal ligation); the remainder of the physical examination is unremarkable. There have not been any peripheral or central venous catheter placements in the external or internal jugular veins. The infant is receiving orogastric feedings through a feeding tube. Periodic oral and nasopharyngeal suctioning is performed as needed to remove accumulated secretions. On physical examination the following day, a right submandibular neck mass is noted. It is hard, indurated, nonerythematous, warm, and tender to touch. The rest of the examination is unchanged from the previous day. Laboratory diagnostic test results include white blood cell count …
Engineering Design of the MARS Interim Halo Plasma Scraper

A halo plasma scraper for a tandem mirror reactor collects the particles and power that enter the halo in the central cell. A thermal-structural design is presented for a water-cooled copper collec...
Immunologic profiling of consensus molecular subtype (CMS) stratified colorectal cancer (CRC) primary and liver metastectomy specimens: Implications for immune targeting of proficient mismatch repair CRC.

3520Background: While checkpoint blockade therapy has shown promise in mismatch repair-deficient CRC, these represent a small fraction of overall cases. Limited data exists regarding the immune mic...
Follow the North Star: Why Space, Place, and Power Matter for Geospatial Approaches to Cancer Control and Health Equity.

Geospatial. Coined by geographers a half-century ago, it is a phrase literally grounded in this planet that we humans populate ([1, 2][1]). As a term, it conjures up maps, spatial structures, spatial distances, spatial layers, and spatial connections ([1][1]). It hearkens back to and extends the
Recursive formulae and performance comparisons for first mode dynamics of periodic structures

Periodic structures are growing in popularity especially in the energy harvesting and metastructures communities. Common types of these unique structures are referred to in the literature as zigzag, orthogonal spiral, fan-folded, and longitudinal zigzag structures. Many of these studies on periodic structures have two competing goals in common: (a) minimizing natural frequency, and (b) minimizing mass or volume. These goals suggest that no single design is best for all applications; therefore, there is a need for design optimization and comparison tools which first require efficient easy-to-implement models. All available structural dynamics models for these types of structures do provide exact analytical solutions; however, they are complex requiring tedious implementation and providing more information than necessary for practical applications making them computationally inefficient. This paper presents experimentally validated recursive models that are able to very accurately and efficiently predict the dynamics of the four most common types of periodic structures. The proposed modeling technique employs a combination of static deflection formulae and Rayleigh's Quotient to estimate the first mode shape and natural frequency of periodic structures having any number of beams. Also included in this paper are the results of an extensive experimental validation study which show excellent agreement between model prediction and measurement. Lastly, the proposed models are used to evaluate the performance of each type of structure. Results of this performance evaluation reveal key advantages and disadvantages associated with each type of structure.
Statement by Michael A. Carrier to House Judiciary Committee on 'Antitrust Concerns and the FDA Approval Process'

U.S. consumers pay billions of dollars extra each year because brands engage in anticompetitive conduct to delay generic entry. Congress can take four actions to remedy this. First, it could pass the CREATES Act, which provides a regulatory fix for REMS abuses. Second, Congress could make clear that REMS patents cannot be used to block generic competition. Third, the legislature could open the 180-day bottleneck forming the basis for pay-for-delay settlements to include categories other than first-filing generics. Fourth, Congress could take several actions to increase the transparency of citizen petitions.
High sensitivity low noise nano-gas sensing device with IoT capabilities

This study demonstrates a novel approach for designing a low noise nano-particle based gas sensing device with IoT capabilities. The system is capable of minimizing cross-talk between multiple channels of amplifiers arranged on one chip using guard rings. Graphene mono-layer is utilized as sensing material and the sensitivity is catalyzed by addition of Gold nano-particles on its surface. The signal from the sensing unit is received by an offset cancellation amplifying system using an SoC approach. Internet of things capability of the sensing device is performed using FRDM K64f micro-controller board which sends message on IBM Bluemix IoT platform when a gas is sensed. The message is received by an application created and sent as an email or message to the user. The paper details the mathematical models of the gas sensing devices, and the interface circuitry that drive the differential potentials, resulting from the sensing unit. The paper presents the middle phase of a long-term project, detailing the design approach of the processing unit within the SOC system and wireless implementation of it. The gas sensor is tested for various sensing configurations. Resistive sensing was found to be sufficient for providing reference data for a sensor matrix to be designed. The change in resistance threshold values are populated in the multi-dimensional matrix. Based on sensed change in resistance values, the gas detected can be identified from the matrix. Sensing data is then sent to IBM Bluemix IoT platform using FRDM K64f development board. The information is sent in a form of packet.
Sulfur isotope change across the Early Mississippian K–O (Kinderhookian–Osagean) δ13C excursion

Abstract Paired carbonate associate sulfate (CAS) sulfur isotopes ( δ 34 SCAS), pyrite sulfur isotopes ( δ 34 SPY) and CAS oxygen isotopes ( δ 18 OCAS) across the Early Mississippian K–O δ 13 C excursion are documented from two sections of a west-dipping carbonate ramp in the southern Great Basin, western U.S.A. A 4–6‰ positive δ 34 SCAS anomaly, accompanied by negative shifts in δ 34 SPY and δ 18 OCAS, is found within the K–O δ 13 C excursion. In the section with a broader δ 13 C excursion, Δ 34 S ( Δ 34 S = δ 34 SCAS– δ 34 SPY) increases from 15‰ to 45‰ and δ 13 Ccarb drops from 7‰ to 4‰ at the same stratigraphic interval. If this δ 34 SCAS anomaly represents a global phenomenon, the large magnitude (4–6‰) and short duration (shorter than that of δ 13 C) suggest an unusual pyrite burial event that expanded from sediments to the ocean water column. In this scenario, the areal and volumetric expansion of sulfate reduction and pyrite burial was likely triggered by abundantly available organic matter near the peak of the K–O δ 13 C excursion, during which organic carbon production and burial may have reached a maximum, thus substantially expanding the oxygen minimum zone (OMZ). Numerical simulations suggest that pyrite burial rates 2.5–5 times higher than that of the modern ocean followed by sulfide oxidation are required to produce the observed δ 34 SCAS anomaly in a sulfate-rich ([SO4] ≥28 mM) Early Mississippian ocean. Alternatively, the sulfur and CAS oxygen isotope anomalies may record local sulfur cycling in a foreland basin where changes in weathering input and bottom-water redox conditions in response to sea-level fall and cooling resulted in isotope changes. In both scenarios (either local or global), the integrated carbon, sulfur, and CAS-oxygen isotope data suggest a much more dynamic sulfur cycle across the K–O δ 13 C excursion than has been previously suggested.
Robustness of deepest projection regression functional

Depth notions in regression have been systematically proposed and examined in Zuo (2018). One of the prominent advantages of notion of depth is that it can be directly utilized to introduce median-type deepest estimating functionals (or estimators in empirical distribution case) for location or regression parameters in a multi-dimensional setting. Regression depth shares the advantage. Depth induced deepest estimating functionals are expected to inherit desirable and inherent robustness properties ( e.g. bounded maximum bias and influence function and high breakdown point) as their univariate location counterpart does. Investigating and verifying the robustness of the deepest projection estimating functional (in terms of maximum bias, asymptotic and finite sample breakdown point, and influence function) is the major goal of this article. It turns out that the deepest projection estimating functional possesses a bounded influence function and the best possible asymptotic breakdown point as well as the best finite sample breakdown point with robust choice of its univariate regression and scale component.
Abstract 3276: Cardiomyocyte-Derived Adiponectin is Biologically Active in Protecting Myocardial Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury

Adiponectin (APN) has traditionally been viewed as an adipocyte-specific endocrine molecule with cardioprotective effects. Recent studies suggest that APN is also expressed in cardiomyocytes. However, biological significances of this locally produced APN remain completely unknown. Adult cardiomyocytes from wild type littermates (WT) or gene deficient mice were pre-treated with vehicle (V) or rosiglitazone (RSG) for 2h followed by simulated ischemia/reperfusion (SI/R, 3h/6h). Compared to WT, myocytes from APN−/− mice sustained greater SI/R injury, evidenced by greater superoxide/peroxynitrite formation, caspase-3 activity and LDH release (P 0.05) in cells from APN−/− mice, although a comparable degree of APNR1/2 upregulation was observed. APNR1/2 double-deficiency had no effect on RGS upregulation of APN mRNA/protein expression (3.51- and 3.88-fold, P This research has received full or partial funding support from the American Heart Association, Great Rivers Affiliate (Delaware, Kentucky, Ohio, Pennsylvania & West Virginia).
Uncertainty Quantification in CFD Simulations: A Stochastic Spectral Approach

The purpose of this work is to study the propagation of uncertainty in numerical simulations. For this purpose, we employ a methodology that couples the polynomial chaos technique with Karhunen-Loeve decomposition. This method is applied to the problem of a quasi- one-dimensional nozzle flow with uncertainty in inlet conditions and nozle shape. It is shown that the polynomial chaos approach efficiently handles uncertainty propagation and establishes confidence intervals for the simulation results. Furthermore, such an approach enables computation of statistical moments of arbitrary order in a much more effective way than other usual techniques such as the Monte Carlo method or the perturbation method.
Akzeptanz und Öffentlichkeitsarbeit

Die Akzeptanz der Pflanzenklaranlagen war sowohl seitens der Betreiber und Nutzer als auch seitens der Behorden in der Regel hoch.
RET-PE10: A 61 kD Polypeptide Epitope Expressed Late During Vertebrate RPE Maturation

PURPOSE This study sought To learn more about the mechanisms that determine and maintain the differentiated state of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). METHODS Monoclonal antibodies were raised against human RPE and used in conjunction with other antibodies. Immunocytochemical and biochemical analyses were performed on tissue sections and cells in culture. RESULTS An RPE-specific epitope, RET-PE10, has been detected as a 61 kD cytoplasmic polypeptide in a variety of mammalian, amphibian, and avian species. In the rat, RPE-PE10 was expressed late in eye development, with a faint initial labelling of the RPE in central regions at postnatal day 9 (PN9) that increased to adult levels and extent of staining by PN14. RET-PE10 expression initially was present in overnight cultures of dissociated rat RPE cells but was lost rapidly from these cultures during the first week. Comparison of the staining patterns of RET-PE10 with those of various cytoskeletal elements suggests that RET-PE10 may be associated with part of the intermediate filament network. Culture of whole eyecups also resulted in a loss of RET-PE10 expression. RET-PE10 expression was normal in eyes of adult rd/rd mutant mice. CONCLUSIONS RET-PE10 is a late-appearing marker of RPE differentiation. The results also suggest that the maintained expression of RET-PE10 depends upon extrinsic factors but that these do not include maintained contact with Bruch's membrane or light-induced retinal activity.
Laboratory Studies of Vibrational Excitation in O2( a1Δg, v) Involving O2, N2, and CO2.

Collisional removal of electronic energy from O2 in the low-lying a1Δg state is typically an extremely slow process for the v = 0 level. In this study, we report results on the deactivation of O2(a...
Thoracic Surgeons' Beliefs and Practices on Smoking Cessation Before Lung Resection.

Background Smoking is a risk factor for complications after lung resection. Our primary aim was to ascertain thoracic surgeons’ beliefs and practices on smoking cessation before lung resection. Methods An anonymous survey was emailed to 846 thoracic surgeons who participate in The Society of Thoracic Surgeons General Thoracic Surgery Database. Results The response rate was 23.6% (n = 200). Surgeons were divided when asked whether it is ethical to require that patients quit smoking (yes, n = 96 [48%]) and whether it is fair to have their outcomes affected by patients who do not quit (yes, n = 87 [43.5%]). Most do not require smoking cessation (n = 120 [60%]). Of those who require it, the most common required period of cessation is 2 weeks or more. Most believe that patient factors are the main barrier to quitting (n = 160 [80%]). Risk of disease progression (39% vs 17.5%, p = 0.02) and alienating patients (17.5% vs 8.8%, p = 0.04) were very important considerations of those who do not require smoking cessation versus those who do. Only 19 (9.5%) always refer to a smoking cessation program and prescribe nicotine replacement therapy and even fewer, 9 (4.5%), always refer to a program and prescribe medical therapy. Conclusions Thoracic surgeons are divided on their beliefs and practices regarding smoking cessation before lung resection. Most believe patient factors are the main barrier to quitting and have concerns about disease progression while awaiting cessation. Very few surgeons refer to a smoking cessation program and prescribe nicotine replacement therapy or medical therapy.
New Inertial Particle Size Classification Techniques for Aerosol Sampling and Measurement

Abstract Three new particle size classification techniques are described: 1. An aerosol-laden airjet is directed against a co-axially opposed clean airjet, so that the original size distribution is separated into two airborne aerodynamic size fractions. 2. A particle-laden annular airstream is centripetally accelerated at an angle thus forming a cone-shaped jet which enters a downstream orifice with high-inertia particles overshooting the orifice and eliminated from the airstream. 3. An aerosol-laden jet is impacted onto a tilted plate several nozzle diameters from the jet nozzle. This degrades the impaction efficiency thus simulating respirable cut-off characteristics.
Pseudoaneurysm: a rare complication of distal transradial access in the anatomical snuffbox

This report presents a case of distal radial artery pseudoaneurysm following cardiac catheterization and its successful endovascular management. Due to its novelty as a catheterization site, few to no reports exist regarding the complications associated with distal radial access. A patient presented to the emergency department with severe wrist and hand swelling 48 h after successful cardiac catheterization via distal radial artery access. Angiography revealed a pseudoaneurysm which was embolized with Onyx™. Post intervention angiogram showed exclusion of the pseudoaneurysm and preservation of the left palmar arch vasculature. The case presented herein demonstrates a rare complication of distal radial access at the anatomical snuffbox.
CHAMP: A cluster randomized-control trial to prevent obesity in child care centers.

Abstract Foundational elements of lifelong health are formed during the preschool years. Child care attendance has nearly doubled in the past 5 years making child care centers an ideal setting to establish healthy habits that prevent pediatric obesity. Despite the promising evidence of efficacy of child care-based obesity prevention interventions, limited attention has been directed to criteria needed for implementation at scale. There is potential to improve children's dietary and physical activity behaviors in diverse communities through theory-based, culturally appropriate, manualized interventions, delivered by child care staff. CHAMP (Creating Healthy Habits Among Maryland Preschoolers) is a 3-arm cluster randomized controlled childhood obesity prevention trial, aiming to improve motor skills, physical activity and willingness to try new foods among 864 preschoolers (age 3–5 years) enrolled in 54 child care centers in 10 Maryland counties. CHAMP is informed by social-cognitive and bioecological theories and based on an evidence-based program, The Food Friends®. The two intervention arms include: 1) child care-center based lessons (18-week gross motor and 12-week nutrition) administered by trained child care staff, and 2) a web-based intervention for caregivers in addition to center-based lessons. Evaluations are conducted among children, caregivers, and child care staff at fall enrollment, midline, and spring, following intervention completion. Analyses include linear mixed-models, accounting for clustering and repeated measures, incorporating center-arms as moderators. CHAMP will provide evidence-based information to inform wellness guidelines and policies that can be disseminated broadly, to ensure that child care centers provide opportunities for children to develop healthy eating, and physical activity habits. Trial Registration: NCT03111264 ; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03111264
Subject expression in a Southeastern U.S. Mexican community

Through an analysis of immigrant Spanish in Georgia, potential contact-induced language change is investigated through the lens of subject pronoun expression. Pronoun variation among Mexican speakers is examined using sociolinguistic interview data. Tokens of subject pronouns (N = 4,649) were coded for linguistic variables previously shown to constrain subject expression (e.g. person/number, tense-mood-aspect [TMA], polarity) as well as social variables (e.g. English proficiency, age), and then analysed using multivariate analyses in Rbrul. Results indicate an overall pronoun rate of 27%, which is slightly higher than what has been reported for monolingual Mexican Spanish. Several linguistic variables (e.g. person/number, switch-reference, morphological ambiguity, polarity) and one social variable (age) played a significant role in pronoun variation. Moreover, differential effects were revealed when compared to monolingual Mexican Spanish for variables such as TMA. These findings point in the direction of dialect contact influences and the presence of a unique variety of Mexican Spanish in the U.S.
X-Linked Hypophosphatemia: Uniquely Mild Disease Associated With PHEX 3′-UTR Mutation c.*231A>G (A Retrospective Case–Control Study)

X-linked hypophosphatemia (XLH), the most prevalent heritable renal phosphate (Pi) wasting disorder, is caused by deactivating mutations of PHEX. Consequently, circulating phosphatonin FGF23 becomes elevated and hypophosphatemia in affected children leads to rickets with skeletal deformity and reduced linear growth while affected adults suffer from osteomalacia and forms of ectopic mineralization. In 2015, we reported uniquely mild XLH in six children and four of their mothers carrying the non-coding PHEX 3'-UTR mutation c.*231A>G. Herein, we characterize this mild XLH variant by comparing its features in 30 individuals to 30 age- and sex-matched patients with XLH but without the 3'-UTR mutation. The "UTR" and "XLH" groups, both comprising 17 children (2 to 17 years, 3 girls) and 13 adults (23 to 63 years, 10 women), had mean ages of 23 years. Only 43% of the UTR group versus 90% of the XLH group had received medical treatment for their disorder, including 0% versus 85% of the females, respectively (ps < .0001). The UTR group was taller: mean ± SD height Z-score (HZ) -1.0 ± 1.0 versus -2.0 ± 1.4 (p = .0034), with significantly greater height for females (-0.9 ± 0.7 versus -2.3 ± 1.4; p = .0050) but not males (-1.2 ± 1.1 versus -1.9 ± 1.5; p = .1541), respectively. Mean ± SD "arm span Z-score" (AZ) did not differ between the UTR -0.8 ± 1.3 versus XLH -1.3 ± 1.8 groups (p = .2269). Consequently, the UTR group was more proportionate with a mean ∆Z (AZ - HZ) of 0.1 ± 0.6 versus 0.7 ± 1.0 (p = .0158), respectively. Compared to the XLH group, the UTR group had significantly higher fasting serum Pi and renal tubular threshold maximum for phosphorus per glomerular filtration rate (TmP/GFR) (ps ≤ .0060), serum FGF23 concentrations within the reference range (p = .0068), and similar serum alkaline phosphatase levels (p = .6513). UTR lumbar spine bone mineral density Z-score was higher (p = .0343). Thus, the 3'-UTR variant of XLH is distinctly mild, especially in girls and women, posing challenges for its recognition and management. © 2020 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research.
4D radiomic biomarker of functional tumor heterogeneity to predict breast cancer recurrence in pretreatment dynamic FDG-PET.

e12573Background: Breast cancer heterogeneity is thought to be associated with adverse outcomes. Dynamic molecular imaging modalities, including PET, permit 4-D sampling of tumor biologic propertie...
Severe Acute Kidney Injury Is Associated With Increased Risk of Death and New Morbidity After Pediatric Septic Shock.

OBJECTIVES Acute kidney injury is common in critically ill children; however, the frequency of septic shock-associated acute kidney injury and impact on functional status are unknown. We evaluated functional outcomes of children with septic shock-associated acute kidney injury. DESIGN Secondary analysis of patients with septic shock from the prospective Life after Pediatric Sepsis Evaluation study. We defined acute kidney injury using Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes criteria, comparing patients with absent/Stage 1 acute kidney injury to those with Stage 2/3 acute kidney injury (severe acute kidney injury). Our primary outcome was a composite of mortality or new functional morbidity at day 28 of hospitalization or discharge. We also assessed poor long-term outcome, defined as mortality or a persistent, serious deterioration in health-related quality of life at 3 months. SETTING Twelve academic PICUs in the United States. PATIENTS Critically ill children, 1 month to 18 years, with community-acquired septic shock requiring vasoactive-inotropic support. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS More than 50% of patients (176/348) developed severe acute kidney injury; of those, 21.6% (38/176) required renal replacement therapy. Twice as many patients with severe acute kidney injury died or developed new substantive functional morbidity (38.6 vs 16.3%; p < 0.001). After adjustment for age, malignancy, and initial illness severity, severe acute kidney injury was independently associated with mortality or new substantive morbidity (adjusted odds ratio, 2.78; 95% CI, 1.63-4.81; p < 0.001). Children with severe acute kidney injury had poorer health-related quality of life at 3 months (adjusted effect size 2.46; 95% CI, 1.44-4.20; p = 0.002). Children with severe acute kidney injury required longer duration of mechanical ventilation (11.0 vs 7.0 d; p < 0.001) and PICU stay (11.7 vs 7.1 d; p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Among children with septic shock, severe acute kidney injury was independently associated with increased risk of death or new substantive functional morbidity. Survivors of sepsis with severe acute kidney injury were more likely to have persistent, serious health-related quality of life deterioration at 3 months.
Clinical, Dermatoscopic, and Histological Findings in a Diagnosis of Pityriasis Lichenoides.

Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) is a rare cutaneous eruption of erythematous macules and papules distributed over the flexural surfaces and the trunk. Histopathologic analysis is useful in diagnosis, and dermoscopic findings have been described in several small case series. We present a case of a mid-20s female who was diagnosed with PLEVA based on clinical and histopathological findings, and we also demonstrate a unique dermoscopic finding. Additionally, we review the current literature detailing dermoscopy findings with associated histopathology in PLEVA and pityriasis lichenoides chronica (PLC).
Impact of Facultative Bacteria on the Metabolic Function of an Obligate Insect-Bacterial Symbiosis.

ABSTRACT Beneficial microorganisms associated with animals derive their nutritional requirements entirely from the animal host, but the impact of these microorganisms on host metabolism is largely unknown. The focus of this study was the experimentally tractable tripartite symbiosis between the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum, its obligate intracellular bacterial symbiont Buchnera, and the facultative bacterium Hamiltonella which is localized primarily to the aphid hemolymph (blood). Metabolome experiments on, first, multiple aphid genotypes that naturally bear or lack Hamiltonella and, second, one aphid genotype from which Hamiltonella was experimentally eliminated revealed no significant effects of Hamiltonella on aphid metabolite profiles, indicating that Hamiltonella does not cause major reconfiguration of host metabolism. However, the titer of just one metabolite, 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide (AICAR), displayed near-significant enrichment in Hamiltonella-positive aphids in both metabolome experiments. AICAR is a by-product of biosynthesis of the essential amino acid histidine in Buchnera and, hence, an index of histidine biosynthetic rates, suggesting that Buchnera-mediated histidine production is elevated in Hamiltonella-bearing aphids. Consistent with this prediction, aphids fed on [13C]histidine yielded a significantly elevated 12C/13C ratio of histidine in Hamiltonella-bearing aphids, indicative of increased (∼25%) histidine synthesized de novo by Buchnera. However, in silico analysis predicted an increase of only 0.8% in Buchnera histidine synthesis in Hamiltonella-bearing aphids. We hypothesize that Hamiltonella imposes increased host demand for histidine, possibly for heightened immune-related functions. These results demonstrate that facultative bacteria can alter the dynamics of host metabolic interactions with co-occurring microorganisms, even when the overall metabolic homeostasis of the host is not substantially perturbed. IMPORTANCE Although microbial colonization of the internal tissues of animals generally causes septicemia and death, various animals are persistently associated with benign or beneficial microorganisms in their blood or internal organs. The metabolic consequences of these persistent associations for the animal host are largely unknown. Our research on the facultative bacterium Hamiltonella, localized primarily to the hemolymph of pea aphids, demonstrated that although Hamiltonella imposed no major reconfiguration of the aphid metabolome, it did alter the metabolic relations between the aphid and its obligate intracellular symbiont, Buchnera. Specifically, Buchnera produced more histidine in Hamiltonella-positive aphids to support both Hamiltonella demand for histidine and Hamiltonella-induced increase in host demand. This study demonstrates how microorganisms associated with internal tissues of animals can influence specific aspects of metabolic interactions between the animal host and co-occurring microorganisms.
Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) positively regulates endosome maturation

Abstract Centrosomal P4.1-associated protein (CPAP) plays a critical role in restricting the centriole length in human cells. Here, we report a novel positive regulatory role for CPAP in endosome maturation during internalized-cell surface receptor trafficking. We found that CPAP is required for targeting ligand-bound cell surface receptor to the lysosome for degradation. While routing of ligand-engaged receptor, which is targeted for degradation or recycling, into early endosomes is not impacted by CPAP-deficiency, sequential transfer of the receptor to late endosome is severely diminished in CPAP-depleted cells. Importantly, activation and recruitment of Rab7, but not Rab5, is compromised upon CPAP depletion indicating its positive regulatory role in early to late endosome transition. Overall, this regulatory role of CPAP in endosome maturation provides new insights in understanding the cellular functions of CPAP, which is well recognized to be critical for centriole duplication and ciliogenesis.
Match: differentiable material graphs for procedural material capture

We present MATch, a method to automatically convert photographs of material samples into production-grade procedural material models. At the core of MATch is a new library DiffMat that provides differentiable building blocks for constructing procedural materials, and automatic translation of large-scale procedural models, with hundreds to thousands of node parameters, into differentiable node graphs. Combining these translated node graphs with a rendering layer yields an end-to-end differentiable pipeline that maps node graph parameters to rendered images. This facilitates the use of gradient-based optimization to estimate the parameters such that the resulting material, when rendered, matches the target image appearance, as quantified by a style transfer loss. In addition, we propose a deep neural feature-based graph selection and parameter initialization method that efficiently scales to a large number of procedural graphs. We evaluate our method on both rendered synthetic materials and real materials captured as flash photographs. We demonstrate that MATch can reconstruct more accurate, general, and complex procedural materials compared to the state-of-the-art. Moreover, by producing a procedural output, we unlock capabilities such as constructing arbitrary-resolution material maps and parametrically editing the material appearance.
Gravity gradient noise from asteroids

The gravitational coupling of nearby massive bodies to test masses in a gravitational wave (GW) detector cannot be shielded and gives rise to ``gravity gradient noise'' (GGN) in the detector. In this paper we show that for any GW detector using local test masses in the inner Solar System, the GGN from the motion of the field of $\ensuremath{\sim}{10}^{5}$ inner Solar System asteroids presents an irreducible noise floor for the detection of GW that rises exponentially at low frequencies. This severely limits prospects for GW detection using local test masses for frequencies ${f}_{\mathrm{GW}}\ensuremath{\lesssim}(\mathrm{few})\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}7}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{Hz}$. At higher frequencies, we find that the asteroid GGN falls rapidly enough that detection may be possible; however, the incompleteness of existing asteroid catalogs with regard to small bodies makes this an open question around ${f}_{\mathrm{GW}}\ensuremath{\sim}\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Hz}$, and further study is warranted. We show that a detector network placed in the outer Solar System would not be overwhelmed by this noise above $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nHz}$, and make comments on alternative approaches that could overcome the limitations of local test masses for GW detection in the $\ensuremath{\sim}10\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{nHz}--\ensuremath{\mu}\mathrm{Hz}$ band.
Civilization Versus Savagery: Teaching Eurocentrism Through Stereographs of Africa

The need to define Westerners as civilized  and non-Westerners as savage  has been a hallmark of Euro-American thought present in virtually every encounter between the West and the Rest.  This exoticizing of the Other became greatly standardized, however, in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries as Westerners traveled, photographed, and learned more about non-Westerners. Through their writing and photographs, they deliberately highlighted the perceived differences between themselves and those they deemed savage. Among these travelers was the anthropologist Frederick Starr, who defended, through social scientific study, the regime of King Leopold II of Belgium in the Congo Free State. Many of the photographs taken during Starr s Congo Free State expedition were eventually acquired and marketed for public sale by stereograph manufacturers Underwood & Underwood, and later by the Keystone View Company of Pennsylvania. While the initial consumers of these stereographs were adults for their personal entertainment value, the images and accompanying texts were later marketed to schools throughout the United States. The resulting classroom exercises reinforced an exoticized, backward, and savage view of Africa and Africans that encouraged racist American perceptions of the continent, many of which have persisted up to the present, both inside and outside of the classroom.
"I put diabetes on the shelf": African-American Women's Perceptions of Risk for Diabetes Complications.

The purpose of this study was to describe the perceptions of African American (AA) women with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) about developing diabetes mellitus (DM) complications and explore how t...