cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Compatibility of remifentanil hydrochloride with selected drugs during simulated Y-site administration

The compatibility of remifentanil hydrochloride with 90 other drugs during simulated Y-site administration was studied. Five milliliters of remifentanil 25 and 250 micrograms/mL (as hydrochloride) in 0.9% sodium chloride injection or 5% dextrose injection was combined with 5 mL of each of 90 other drugs in 5% dextrose injection of 0.9% sodium chloride injection. Each combination was prepared in duplicate. The combinations were stored at approximately 23 degrees C under fluorescent light and examined with the unaided eye and in high-intensity monodirectional light during the first 15 minutes after preparation and at one and four hours. The turbidity of each combination was measured as well. Particle sizing and counting were performed for selected combinations. Most of the combinations exhibited no haze, turbidity, or color change throughout the study period. Remifentanil 25 micrograms/mL combined with chlorpromazine hydrochloride showed a small increase in haze within four hours. One of the combinations of remifentanil 250 micrograms/mL with cefoperazone sodium was unacceptably hazy within one hour. The combination of remifentanil 250 micrograms/mL with amphotericin B formed a gross precipitate upon mixing. Remifentanil 25 and 250 microgram/mL (as hydrochloride) in 0.9% sodium chloride injection was compatible for four hours at approximately 23 degrees C with all the drugs studied except chlorpromazine hydrochloride (with remifentanil 25 micrograms/mL), cefoperazone sodium (with remifentanil 250 micrograms/mL), and amphotericin B (with remifentanil 250 micrograms/mL in 5% dextrose injection).
Finite element model for nutrient distribution analysis of a hollow fiber membrane bioreactor.

SUMMARY Hollow fiber membrane bioreactors (HFMB) are extensively used for the development of tissue substitutes for bones and cartilages. In an HFMB, the nutrient transport is dependent on the material properties of the porous scaffold and fiber membrane and also on the fluid flow through the hollow fiber. The difficulty in obtaining real-time data along with the presence of large number of variables in experimental studies have lead to increased application of computational models for the performance analysis of bioreactors. A major difficulty in the computational analysis of HFMB is the modeling of the interactions at the fluid and porous scaffold interfaces, which has often been neglected or incorporated using specific boundary conditions. In this study, a new FEM is developed to analyze the fluid flow in the fluid-porous region with the interface coupled directly into the FEM. Distribution of nutrients in the bioreactor is studied by coupling mass transport equations to the fluid-porous finite element framework. The new model is implemented to study the influence of permeability, cell density, and flow rate on the nutrient concentration distribution in the HFMB. The developed computational framework is an ideal tool to study fluid flow through porous-open channels and can also be used for the design of bioreactors for optimal tissue growth. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Quantifying polymer structural component evolution using X-ray scattering and mixed-integer network component analysis

Abstract In this work we present a novel computational approach for the extraction of underlying polymer structural component signatures and corresponding structural evolution through decomposition of multivariate X-ray scattering (SAXS/WAXS) datasets. Without assumptions based on structural geometry, this mixed-integer network component analysis (NCA) methodology generates a reduced set of component scattering signatures and component fraction evolution. Structural models are then assigned to each component based on a generalized expression for scattering from multi-phase materials. The methodology is applied systematically to the study of ethylene/alpha-olefin copolymer isothermal crystallization. The decomposition generates component signatures defining structures of varying extent within the sample but with constant average local structure. For WAXS datasets, these components can be correlated to crystalline and amorphous regions, while for SAXS datasets they can be correlated to ordered and disordered crystalline lamellae. These model choices agree with structures observed in the literature and are confirmed by comparison to reference crystallinity data.
Measures of Emotional Intelligence and Social Acceptability in Children: A Concurrent Validity Study

The concurrent validity of two measures of Emotional Intelligence (EI), one considered a trait measure, the other an ability measure, was examined by administering the Emotional Quotient Inventory: Youth Version (EQi:YV; Bar-On & Parker, 2000), the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test: Youth Version (MSCEIT:YV; Mayer, Salovey, & Caruso, in press), and a sociometric measure to 102 upper elementary students in the U.S. Pearson product-moment correlation coefficients across various scores of the EI instruments ranged from −.02 (p > .05) to .39 (p < .01), suggesting the instruments are measuring somewhat different constructs. Scores on two sets of theoretically similar scales across instruments yielded significant correlation but others did not. Results from dependent t tests showed no significant difference between overall mean scores of the EQi:YV and MSCEIT:YV (p < .05). Only the Interpersonal and General Mood scales of the EQi:YV correlate significantly with the sociometric (p < .05). Implicat...
Role of aromatic transmembrane residues of the organic anion transporter, rOAT3, in substrate recognition.

Organic anion transporters (OATs, SLC21) are important in the excretion of endogenous and exogenous compounds in the kidney. The rat organic anion transporter, rOAT3, mediates the transport of organic anions such as p-aminohippurate (PAH) and estrone sulfate as well as the basic compound, cimetidine. In the present study, we examined the role of conserved transmembrane aromatic amino acid residues of rOAT3 in substrate recognition and transport. Alanine scanning followed by amino acid replacements was used to construct mutants of rOAT3. The uptake of model compounds was studied in Xenopus laevis oocytes expressing the mutant transporters. We observed that four mutants in transmembrane domain 7 (TMD 7), W334A, F335A, Y341A, and Y342Q, and one mutant in transmembrane domain 8 (TMD 8), F362S, exhibited a less than 2-fold enhanced uptake of PAH and cimetidine in comparison to wild-type rOAT3, which exhibited a 16-fold enhanced uptake of PAH and an 8-fold enhanced uptake of cimetidine. Estrone sulfate uptake i...
Investigating the performance of as-built and overlaid pavements: a competing risks approach

Overlay has been a commonly used rehabilitation measure for flexible pavements. Properly designed and constructed overlays restore pavement service conditions and economically extended pavement service lives. In the light of different failure modes that could be experienced by a flexible pavement, such as cracking, rutting and roughness, and complex interactions among them, this paper considers these failure modes as competing risks and evaluates performance differences between overlaid pavements and as-built pavements in terms of hazard function, cause-specific cumulative incidence function and cause-specific conditional cumulative incidence function. A case study was undertaken using the pavement condition survey data in Florida. It was found that the overlaid pavements generally have a higher failure risk compared with the originally built pavements across all failure modes and exhibit three distinct phases of failure hazard change: increasing, stabilising and decreasing. For as-built pavements, the fa...
Resonant dispersion effect on actively mode-locked Nd:glass laser

Summary form only given. We report a study of the dispersion effects in an actively mode-locked Nd:glass laser. We found that the resonant dispersion played an important role in the actively mode-locked Nd:glass laser. With a large positive group velocity dispersion (GVD), the laser produced incoherent pulses. Around zero GVD the pulse quality was still poor, which we believe was due to the resonant dispersion. In the deep negative GVD region, the influence of the resonant dispersion was reduced and the laser generated pulses as short as 83 fs.
In vitro test conditions provide useful guidefor evaluation of dentin bonding strengths

Summary Studies This article provides a modified meta-analysis of the reviewed0689 English-language publications on dentin bonding between January 1992 and December 1996 within the parameters of the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Exposure The dependent analyzed variables were bond strength0689 and the mode of failure. The independent variables were assigned to the 4 following groups: A, the dentin substrate; B, the composite resin and the applied bonding area; C, storage conditions of the treated samples; and D, test design, meaning crosshead speed and tensile or shear testing (Figure). Main outcome measure The relationship of the dependent variables (A-D) to 0689 tested bond strengths and failure modes and the relative degree of influence of each variable were assessed. Main results A rank ordering of the influence of the variables associated 0689 with in vitro dentin bonding as assessed by their P values and the Pearson correlation coefficient (Table).
Undergraduate engineering students investigate inexpensive seismometer design

Using seismometers as a catalyst for learning, the IRIS Consortium has partnered with the Colorado School of Mines (CSM) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to intensively expose the 2002 CSM freshman engineering class to geophysics instrument design. These students worked to design inexpensive seismic recording systems for use in educational environments as part of the Engineering Practices Introductory Course Sequence (EPICS). Through the EPICS courses, CSM strives to strengthen the ability of first-year engineering students to resolve open-ended problems in a team environment and learn skills that are vital to their success as engineers. Students learn AutoCAD, technical drawing/drafting skills, prototyping, analysis skills, and communication skills necessary to present and promote engineering design solutions to the professional community. These engineering skills, introduced through coursework, are applied to an open-ended engineering challenge throughout the semester. Although the CSM faculty clearly has skills and expertise in engineering, as well as the pedagogy to deliver this information, the program needs exciting, real-world engineering challenges, technical support to develop the problem, and the human resources and experience to provide students with sufficient content knowledge to attempt the challenge.
Subarachnoid pneumocephalus: a rare complication of epidural catheter placement

Several potential complications may occur during identification of the epidural space. We present a case of subarachnoid pneumocephalus as a rare complication of epidural catheter placement.
Multimedia virtual circuit model for MPEG on ATM networks

A Multimedia Virtual Circuit lMVCr model for MPEG lMotion Picture Experts Groupr transmission demonstrates an efficient method to accommodate the bandwidth requirements of multiple sources. In our simulation we compare the leaky bucket system that requires client to reserve the maximum rate and the proposed MVC system. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
The effect of superseding signals.

Eight adult human subjects were given a step-tracking task in which an occasional second signal within 50, 70, 90, 120, or 240 millisec, called for curtailing or reversing the first command. It was found for inter-signal intervals through 120 millisec. that the shorter the interval the greater was the reduction in amplitude and duration of the majority of responses, with no delay in the effect of the second signal. Where a larger change of response was called for, reversal rather than curtailment, there was a greater effect. A second signal occurring at the 240 millisec. interval (in almost all cases after the start of the response), had no detectable effect. Since the over-all RT was about 180 millisec., it is evident that for at least the first two-thirds of the RT period the initial response is not typically impervious to the effect of a second signal. Contrary to the expectations of the uncommitted-period version of the hypothesis of substitutive grouping a reversing signal at the 50 millisec. interva...
Consumption and saving with habit formation and durability

Abstract This paper develops a model of precautionary saving with habit formation and durability. Durability offsets the effects of habit formation on both consumption growth and the precautionary premium. Empirical tests of habit formation and durability on consumption growth might exploit their parallel effects on the precautionary premium.
A process audit plan

Abstract This paper discusses an audit plan, based on a continuous sampling technique, queuing theory and sequential analysis. For a given test operation, if all tested products can successfully pass the operation, only a portion of the arrivals will be tested, that is the process is in an audit mode. However, once a failure occurs, all subsequent products must be tested (i.e. in a screen mode) until K consecutive good products are observed. In this case, the operation will return back to the audit mode. The portion of the products to be tested is determined by the arrival process and the capacity of the test operation. If the test capacity is below the arrival rate, line congestion may occur owing to line screening triggered by a product failure. The degree of congestion is measured by the level of work in process and the actual throughput. Furthermore, products may bypass the test operation under the audit plan. One must carefully estimate the escape rate. Finally, it is always desirable to detect proce...
Diffusion in Ni/CrMo composition-modulated films

Abstract The diffusivity in a Ni–Cr–Mo alloy is determined using a composition-modulated structure of alternating Ni and Cr–Mo layers. The decay of the composition modulation is measured using X-ray diffraction and analyzed through the microscopic theory of diffusion.
Theoretical and forensic implications of developmental studies of the DRM illusion

In the study of false memory, developmental research on the Deese–Roediger–McDermott (DRM) illusion has played a pivotal role in theory evaluation and forensic application. The extensive developmental DRM literature (55 experiments published in English-language journals) provided the first clear evidence that false memories can increase dramatically from early childhood onward, whereas traditional ideas about cognitive development predict steady declines. Similar increases have recently been reported in false memory for complex, realistic life events, using forensically oriented paradigms. Age improvements in the ability to connect meaning across words have been found to be necessary and sufficient for developmental increases in the DRM illusion. When the data of developmental DRM studies are combined with parallel findings from forensically oriented paradigms, the result is an existence proof that a principle used by the law to evaluate children’s evidence is mistaken. According to that principle, children’s versions of events are always more likely to be infected with false memories than those of adults, and hence, juries should give more weight to adults’ versions of events.
Regulation of nerve growth factor mRNA in the hippocampal formation : effects of N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation

In the hippocampal formation, nerve growth factor (NGF) is produced in granule cells of the dentate gyrus and a few pyramidal cells of Ammon's horn. Both neuronal populations express N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors and receive putative glutamatergic afferents originating in the entorhinal cortex and projecting via the perforant path. We report in this study that intra-hippocampal or intraventricular injections of NMDA increase NGF mRNA levels in dentate gyrus granule cells as determined using in situ hybridization histochemistry and a solution hybridization assay. NGF mRNA induction is detected within 2 h following NMDA treatment and returns to control levels within 24 h. This NMDA effect is dose-dependent and blocked by pretreatment with 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid, a competitive NMDA antagonist. Finally, the induction of NGF mRNA is observed in the absence of detectable neurotoxicity or seizure activity. We postulate that normal physiological events associated with the activation of hippocampal NMDA receptors may regulate mRNA expression of this neurotrophic factor.
Small molecule modulation of stem cells in regenerative medicine: recent applications and future direction

Regenerative medicine research is focussed on the discovery of novel therapies (small molecules, biologics or cells) that restore function in damaged or aging tissues and organs. The field is underpinned by developments in stem cell science and the modulation of stem cells using small molecules is now providing unique insights into stem cell regulation and developmental biology. It has been shown that small molecules can be used to help drive somatic cell reprogramming, maintain induced pluripotent states and also directly control lineage specification and proliferation events. Small molecules have the potential to help enable the development of viable cell therapies and small molecule oral drugs can be envisaged that can control endogenous cell populations to support regeneration. This review seeks to illustrate the key role small molecules have to play in modulation of stem cells for regenerative medicine and describes some future potential directions in the field.
Art, science, and immersion: data-driven experiences

This panel and dialog-paper explores the potentials at the intersection of art, science, immersion and highly dimensional, “big” data to create new forms of engagement, insight and cultural forms. We will address questions such as: “What kinds of research questions can be identified at the intersection of art + science + immersive environments that can’t be expressed otherwise?” “How is art+science+immersion distinct from state-of-the art visualization?” “What does working with immersive environments and visualization offer that other approaches don’t or can’t?” “Where does immersion fall short?” We will also explore current trends in the application of immersion for gaming, scientific data, entertainment, simulation, social media and other new forms of big data. We ask what expressive, arts-based approaches can contribute to these forms in the broad cultural landscape of immersive technologies.
Determination of diffusion coefficients associated with the transport of210Pb radionuclides in lake bed sediments

An iterative least-squares optimization technique is utilized in conjunction with a one-dimensional representation of the mass transport equation to generate theoretical210Pb concentration/depth profiles beneath the water-sediment interface that are best-fit approximations to directly measured210Pb concentration/depth profiles at various locations within the Great Lakes system. The outputs of such an optimization analysis are the diffusion coefficientsD M (molecular) andD B (bioturbation) associated with the transport of210Pb radionuclides in lake bed sediments.
Time warp sports for internet television

Internet-based video delivery offers new opportunities for interactive television. The creation and usability of interactive television is very different from desktop or web-based interaction. The concepts of frameworks and genres provides an approach to learnable interaction in an entertainment rather than task-oriented activity. The concept of a framework defines the tools required for both producing and viewing a particular style of interactive video experience. An interactive framework for televised sports is presented. This framework implements a sports television experience that support play-by-play navigation as well as viewer's interactive choice of camera angles. Tools for creating and viewing interactive sports are developed in parallel. In-home and in-lab experiments give indications of how sports fans will use interactive television in the future. The experiments demonstrate that fans will use the interaction rather than passively watching, can easily learn the interactive features and strongly prefer the new features over tradition rewind/fast-forward. The data indicates that many users will use the interactive controls to enrich and prolong their viewing rather than simply skipping as rapidly as possible through a game. However, there is also indication that some viewers will simply skip rapidly. There are also indications that the skip vs. review interaction depends on the interest level of current game play.
Inflammatory myopathy, IgA deficiency, and intestinal malabsorption

Two IgA-deficient children with inflammatory myopathy and intestinal malabsorption were evaluated. The myopathy was characterized by weakness of facial and proximal limb muscles, increased serum concentrations of lactic dehydrogenase and creatine phosphokinase, and histologic evidence of inflammation and degeneration of muscle fibers. Features of the intestinal abnormality were blunted villi, interstitial inflammation, and reduction in IgA-containing plasma cells and IgA content of epithelial cells. The myopathy and malabsorption improved with corticosteroid treatment. Circulating antibodies to striated muscle could not be demonstrated in either patient, but one had antibodies to milk and chicken serum proteins. We speculate that IgA deficiency may predispose to the development of inflammatory myopathy.
Peak centiles of chlorpyrifos surface-water concentrations in the NAWQA and NASQAN programs.

Abstract We provide upper bound estimates for peak centiles of surface water chlorpyrifos concentration readings within spatial, temporal, and land-use domains of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) and National Stream Quality Accounting Network (NASQAN) programs. These datasets have large overall sample sizes but variable sampling frequencies and, for chlorpyrifos, extremely high levels of non-detections. Point and interval estimates are provided for the 90th, 95th, 99th, and the 99.9th centiles, given sufficient sample size. Overall upper bound estimates for the NAWQA program over the period 1992–2011 for the 90th, 95th, 99th, and 99.9th centiles are
Gastrotomy creation and closure for NOTES using a gastropexy technique (with video).

Background Safe and efficient gastrotomy creation and closure is pivotal for natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES). Objective To test a method of transgastric access and closure with commercially available devices. Design An animal survival study. Setting University hospital. Patients Fifteen pigs. Interventions By using a surgical suture passer, under endoscopic guidance, 3 percutaneous stay sutures were placed, in a triangular fashion, through the gastric wall. A gastrotomy was created with a dilation balloon, which was introduced over a guidewire through the gastric wall in the center of the 3 sutures. After performing a NOTES procedure, the gastrotomy was closed by tying the sutures. Necropsies were performed after 2 to 4 weeks. Main Outcome Measurements Success and time of gastrotomy creation and closure, and intraoperative and postoperative complications. Results Gastrotomies were successfully created and closed in all the animals. The median time to create a gastrotomy was 19 minutes (range 11-85 minutes), and the median closure time was 1 minute (range 1-45 minutes). One pig died on postoperative day 1 because of peritonitis caused by a leaking gastrotomy site that extended beyond the stay sutures. There were no other gastrotomy-related complications. All gastrotomies were well healed at the necropsy. Limitation No control group. Conclusions We evaluated a simple method by using the principles of the PEG technique combined with a gastropexy, which is familiar to the majority of endoscopists. Strict attention to the gastrotomy site is needed, because one leak was from the gastrotomy site that extended beyond the stay sutures.
Stability Analysis of RF Power Amplifier Envelope Feedback

Envelope feedback loop stability criteria are derived based on the Lyapunov stability theorem for time-varying systems using the linear matrix inequality technique. Effects of system parameters on stability are investigated. An envelope feedback system is simulated and measured at RF frequencies, and the derived stability boundaries are in good agreement with simulation and measurement results.
Protein synthesis in vitro with fractions of sea urchin eggs and embryos.

Abstract Cell-free systems capable of incorporating amino acids into proteins were prepared from eggs and early embryos of sea urchins, and the activity of these fractions was studied with systematic changes in certain important variables of medium composition, i.e. , concentrations of Mg 2+ and K + , temperature, pH, presence of ribonucleoside triphosphates, and the supply of amino acids. The systems were employed at three stages of purification: crude extracts, microsomes, and microsomes freed of membranous material (ribosomes). 1. 1. Amino acid incorporation showed single optima with respect to all variables assayed, but the very low incorporation of egg systems and the fertilization-induced activation of protein synthesis were observed under all circumstances. 2. 2. Synthesis of polyphenylalanine under the direction of poly U was the same for egg and embryo systems. 3. 3. The difference between eggs and embryos with respect to incorporation directed by endogenous template RNA appears to result from unavailability in the eggs of “maternal” templates which are known, however, to be present, and which do account for the bulk of protein synthesis that takes place in the early cleavage period.
Distributions of dissolved oxygen, density, and nutrients off the Washington and Oregon coasts

Abstract The distributions of dissolved oxygen, density, and nutrients off the Washington and Oregon coasts are complicated by upwelling, entrainment of deep water, the presence of Columbia River water, biological activity, in-situ temperature changes, and possibly by anomalous surface exchanges associated with wave action. In much of the area there is a good statistical correlation between the dissolved oxygen and the density, except in the upper layers of the coastal region, where large negative oxygen anomalies were found. These anomalies were used to evaluate changes in the oxygen content resulting from biological activity and mixing associated with upwelling. An offshore, downward advection of water bearing excesses of oxygen photosynthetically produced in the surface layers near shore, is proposed to explain an oxygen maximum that occurs subsequent to the oxygen's production and at depths that increase with distance from shore. Seasonal variations in this maximum are explained in terms of the balance between the rates of oxygen addition by photosynthesis and the oxygen flux associated with upwelling during the spring and summer, and diffusional erosion of the maximum during periods of more modest photosynthesis. Simultaneous observations of oxygen and nutrients can yield useful information regarding the biological activity in the surface waters. A first approximation at evaluating the biological changes in the oxygen can be made by assuming that a linear relationship exists between it and changes in nutrient concentrations. Since the nutrients will not be appreciably exchanged with the atmosphere, departures from this linear relationship are assumed to result from the effect of in-situ temperature changes on calculated oxygen solubilities and the escape of oxygen to the atmosphere. In areas of intense photosynthesis these departures are small, suggesting that in such regions oxygen production outstrips the escape rate. Under such conditions a good correlation is also found between the carbon-14 assimilation and the apparent oxygen production. On the other hand, low oxygen concentrations, compared to saturation values, coinciding with low nutrients indicate more modest photosynthesis.
SU-GG-T-49: Real Time Dose Verification for Novel Shielded Balloon Brachytherapy

Purpose: The validation of a novel approach for reducing skindoses to an acceptable level during Accelerated Partial Breast Irradiation (APBI) when the balloon-to-skin distance is inadequate (less than 7 mm) is reported. The study uses a real time dose verification method for a metallic shielded balloon applicator using scintillation fiber technology. Method and Materials: Partial shielding of the radiationdose to the skin using iron or other ferrous powder could enable the extension of APBI to some patients. With small external and pre-determined magnetic fields (<few Gauss), the metallic elements deposition can be controlled on the inner surface of a balloon. Geant4 simulations were used to generate an attenuation dose curve for various radiation lengths after cross-calibration with dedicated data acquired at Jefferson Lab. Some powder was then injected into various inflated MammoSite and rectal balloons within realistic breast and torso phantoms of differing sizes. The dose on the external surface of the skin was measured from a 6.1 Ci {sup 192}Ir of a GammaMed 12i afterloader unit, with a MOSFET,ion chamber and scintillating fiber array detectors. Results: Realistic Monte Carlo simulation studies for the amount and distribution of the required shielding material were compared to dedicated phantom data. A decreasemore » of the skindose was measured to an acceptable level (~350-450 cGy) during standard breast Brachytherapy treatments with relatively weak magnetic fields. Additional measurements provided negligible corrections (< few %) on the saline water density from the suspended ironpowder.Conclusion: This project opens the possibility to increasing the survival expectancy and minimizing negative side effects during brachytherapy treatments, as well as improving cosmetic outcome for all APBI patients. The proposed method may also be used in other procedures for brain, heart, rectal, or vaginal cancers.« less
A Review of Surface Plasmon Resonance‐Enhanced Photocatalysis

In the past decade, the surface plasmon resonance of Ag and Au nanoparticles has been investigated to improve the efficiency of photocatalytic processes. The photocatalytic production of fuels is particularly interesting for its ability to store the sun's energy in chemical bonds that can be released later without producing harmful byproducts. This Feature Article reviews recent work demonstrating plasmon-enhanced photocatalytic water splitting, reduction of CO2 with H2O to form hydrocarbon fuels, and degradation of organic molecules. Focus is placed on several possible mechanisms that have been previously discussed in the literature. A particular emphasis is given to several aspects of these mechanisms that are not fully understood and will require further investigation.
the unmaking of an ethnic collectivity: Transylvania's Germans

This paper considers why Germans in Romania exhibit so much less corporate ethnic identity than they have exhibited in the past or than another of Romania's ethnic minorities, Hungarians, exhibits in the present. Specifically socialist policies do not adequately explain the decline in German ethnicity, which is more fully accounted for — as is the contrasting Hungarian example — by (1) the groups' historical positions, which influenced their present situations and self-conceptions, and (2) an international context that differentially affects the form and reproduction of their identities, [ethnicity, Eastern Europe, social structure, history, social change]
Performance bound of ad hoc Device-to-Device communications using cognitive radio

The aim of this paper is to study the achievable throughput of an ad hoc Device-to-Device (D2D) communications with cognitive radio capabilities coexisting with cellular user equipment (UE) in the same macrocell. Specifically, we consider ad hoc D2D systems with non-orthogonal resources sharing instead of D2D with infrastructure support. The main objective is to find out how much throughput a device in a D2D pair can achieve in the presence of another D2D pair and a cellular user over fading channels. A closed-form expression for statistics, the Moment Generating Function (MGF) and Complementary Cumulative Distribution Function (CCDF) of multiple interferers in Nakagami-m fading channels in cellular system are presented. By using these expressions, we derive the device throughput for multiple D2D systems in a cellular system. Furthermore, the upper bound for the probability of false alarm, which is required to achieve a certain throughput is deduced. The results of this paper illustrate how the transmission probability and sensing performance affect the achievable throughput in cognitive D2D systems. In addition, these results serve as guidance for the deployment of cognitive D2D systems without infrastructure support.
On associated graded rings having almost maximal depth

We generalize a recent result of Rossi and Valla, and independently Wang, about the depth of G(m) where m is the maximal ideal of a d-d imensional Cohen-Macaulay local ring R having embedding dimesion The generalization removes the restriction on the embedding dimension and replaces it with the condition that where J is a d-generated minimal reduction of m. The main theorem also applies to m-primary ideals I satisfying , where J is a d-generated reduction of I. An example of such an / in a 5-dimensional regular local ring is included as a nontrivial illustration of tie theorem.
An extended model of the neocognitron for pattern partitioning and pattern composition

Two neuron growth rules are proposed: the neuron splitting rule and the neuron formation rule for self-organization of adaptive neural networks. Using these two rules the author extends the model of the neocognitron so that when it is presented with part of a stored pattern or with a composite image consisting of many stored patterns, the pattern will be recognized properly. The extended model does pattern partitioning when it recognizes that the input image is a part of a stored pattern, and pattern composition or association when many stored patterns are presented at the same time. This extended neocognitron is demonstrated by computer simulation. The author suggests that the proposed mechanism is a plausible model for child cognitive development and useful for visual pattern recognition. >
The Czech and Slovak Clearing Agreement: a post-mortem

Abstract This paper examines the bilateral clearing agreement established in response to the separation of Czechoslovakia. The theoretical characteristics of bilateral clearing systems are identified and a model is applied to the agreement's netting, valuation and credit mechanisms. For each country, the utility of the bilateral arrangement depended on its ability to (1) maintain bilateral imports and (2) preserve convertible currency resources. Because adherence to the Czech and Slovak Clearing Agreement (CSCA) was asymmetric, the ability of bilateral arrangements to deter unilateral measures is questionable. The CSCA experience may also explain the lack of a wider use of bilateralism to deal with the transition in eastern Europe.
Focal circumvention of blood-brain barrier with grafts of muscle, skin and autonomic ganglia.

Abstract The efficacy with which circulating horseradish peroxidase (HRP) spreads from transplants into the brain's interstitial spaces (IS), was assessed by 3 factors: graft type, site and age. Pieces of skeletal muscle, skin or entire superior cervical ganglion (SCG) were inserted into the IV ventricle (ventricular) or substance of the brain (parenchymal). The age of the grafts, i.e. the intervals after transplantation, were 1, 3, 6 and 12 months. Generally, HRP spread into the IS to about the same extent from ventricular muscle and skin autografts — 1 mm, but less from parenchymal SCG allografts — 0.5 mm. The spread from all grafts — ventricular and parenchymal — diminished with time. Exudation distance from muscle was the same as that from skin grafts for the first 6 months, but by 1 year, the penetration was significantly greater from muscle than from skin transplants. The flow of HRP was more extensive from parenchymal SCG grafts than from parenchymal muscle and skin grafts at 6 and 12 months. In some of the 6 and 12 month old parenchymal grafts of muscle and skin, no detectable HRP was extravasated. HRP consistently penetrated the brain more deeply from ventricular skin and muscle grafts than from parenchymal ones because more tissue mass survived in ventricular than in parenchymal autografts. Though care was taken not to damage the brain surface during ventricular insertion, there was a consistent, vigorous, collateral sprouting of, as yet unidentified, cranial nerves. These sprouts innervated muscle and skin autografts which, consequently, were able to survive for at least 1 year and contained vessels permeable to HRP. Allografts of muscle betweeninbred strains did not become innervated, survived for only 2 months and contained the central, barrier type of vessels, but not their intrinsic, permeable type. Thus, it is the muscle cell or its basal lamina within muscle grafts that determines the type of surviving vessel. In SCG allografts, even when all their ganglion cells had disappeared, leaving only connective tissue, Schwann cells and their basal lamina, the ganglion's capillaries survived and remained permeable to HRP. Therefore, the characteristics of the SCG vessels are determined by the Schwann cell-fibroblast milieu rather than the neuronal one.
A Rare Complication of Artificial Urinary Sphincter: Deep Venous Thrombosis Due to Compression of Femoral Vein by Pressure Regulating Balloon

The placement of artificial urinary sphincters (AUSs) is a common procedure for stress incontinence following treatment for prostate cancer. Complications are relatively rare, and the most common reasons for device removal and revision are cuff erosion, infection, and mechanical failure. We present a case of a 66-year-old male with a history of radiation therapy for prostate cancer that developed a deep venous thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism (PE) following his second AUS due to compression by a pressure regulating balloon (PRB). Compression of the femoral vein was not originally diagnosed as the cause for DVT on initial hospitalization, and there was an additional hospitalization due to worsening symptoms prior to identification of PRB compression. This is the first published case of migrating PRB causing femoral DVT and PE following the placement of a second AUS in an irradiated tissue field, and one of two published cases of DVT due to PRB compression.
High-resolution coherent VUV spectroscopy of NO[C2Π(1)∼B 2Π(10), B2Π(11)] and CO[B 1Σ(0)]

Abstract The outputs of two single longitudinal mode dye lasers have been combined by the processes of four-wave sum and difference frequency mixing in Hg vapour to produce tunable, coherent VUV radiation in the ranges 110–116 nm and 178–195 nm, respectively. The dye laser pulses of 500 MHz bandwidth (fwhm) produced a VUV pulse of bandwidth 3 GHz (0.1 cm−1, fwhm).The bandwidth was tested by recording UF spectra of NO[B 2Π←X2Π(10, 0) and (11, 0)] and CO[B 1Σ+←X1Σ+(0, 0)]. This VUV light was also used to excite single rovibrational levels of NO or CO in a supersonic jet and the resulting radiative decay was monitored by time-resolved fluorescence detection. Collision-free radiative lifetimes were measured for the first time for several low J rotational levels of B 2Π(10) and B 2Π(11) of NO. The B 2Π(10) level showed a variation in lifetime of 60.6±2.0 to 39.3±5.0 ns from J = 1 2 to J = 11 2 while B 2Π(11) showed no variation in its lifetime of 14.0±0.4 ns. Linewidth measurements for the C 2Π(1) level infer a lower limit of 0.03 ns for its lifetime. Lifetimes were also measured for B 1Σ+(0) of CO whose radiative decay revealed severe radiation trapping effects at pressures above 10−5 Torr.
Cerebral blood flow estimation from perfusion-weighted MRI using FT-based MMSE filtering method.

Abstract Introduction Perfusion-weighted MRI can be used for estimating blood flow parameters using bolus tracking technique based on dynamic susceptibility contrast MRI. In order to extract flow parameters, several deconvolution techniques have been proposed, of which the singular value decomposition (SVD) and Fourier transform (FT)-based techniques are more popular and widely used. In this work, an FT-based method has been proposed that involves derivation of an optimal shaped filter (defined as a filter function) estimated using minimum mean-squared error (MMSE) technique in the frequency domain. The proposed technique has been compared with the well-established SVD technique using simulation experiments. Simulation Methods Simulation was performed in multiple steps. An arterial input function (AIF) was first defined based on a certain blood flow value. The T2* signal change was then derived from this AIF, and noise was added to the signal. Then, a unique and optimal shaped filter function Φ ( f ) was derived in order to obtain the best estimate of scaled residue function. One way is by minimizing the mean-squared error between the noiseless and noisy scaled residue function, i.e., using an MMSE method. The effect of low and moderate noise and distorted AIF on cerebral blood flow (CBF) estimates was obtained by using FT-based MMSE method. Results were compared with the SVD technique. In this work, SVD technique was assumed to be the standard reference deconvolution technique. Results and Discussion For low-noise condition, the FT-based technique was more stable than the SVD technique, while for moderate noise, both techniques consistently underestimated CBF. SVD technique was found to be more stable in presence of AIF distortions. However, SVD technique was found to be unstable due to AIF delay compared to the FT-based MMSE method. The shaped filter function was found to be sensitive to effect of AIF distortions.
Observation of Anharmonic Coupling in the Time Domain with Femtosecond Stimulated Raman

Coherent motion of low frequency bending vibrations is impulsively excited in CDCl3 and subsequent couplings between the C-D stretch and the low frequency coherences are detected in real time by femtosecond stimulated Raman spectroscopy (FSRS).
Epitaxial lead titanate grown by MBE

Abstract Epitaxial PbTiO 3 films have been grown by reactive molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) on (100) LaAlO 3 substrates. Lead is supplied from a conventional effusion cell. Titanium is sublimated from a Ti-Ball™, and oxygen is supplied in the form of purified ozone. Atomic layer-by-layer composition control is obtained using real-time atomic absorption spectroscopy (AA) feedback. The titanium flux is controlled with a shutter directly coupled to the titanium AA feedback to deliver a burst corresponding to one monolayer of titania. Similarly, lead is monitored in situ using an atomic absorption signal. An adsorption-controlled growth mechanism leads to the use of a lead overpressure to insure films with proper stoichiometries. Film structure is studied during growth using in situ RHEED. 4-circle X-ray diffraction analysis indicates that films grown on LaAlO 3 are epitaxial and are mixed a - and c -axis oriented.
A theory of autoionization lifetimes

A configuration interaction method is presented for calculating autoionization lifetimes. The problem is separated into a bound-state part and a scattering part, and each part is carried out separately. The bound-state part of the calculation is a straight-forward matrix diagonalization over a discrete basis set. The scattering calculation involves a simple Kohn variational procedure. Most of the work is put into the bound-state part of the calculation, and it is this part of the problem that contains most of the information about the interactions occurring in the system. The role of the scattering function is to insure the proper asymptotic form, and for this reason a simple scattering function is sufficient. The method is generally applicable to many-electron systems and makes maximal use of the techniques developed for bound states. Our method is compared with the close coupling, the stabilization, and the Fano configuration interaction techniques and is shown to combine the strong points of each of them.
Development of a Program to Sample Young Fish in a Lake

Abstract Need for a more efficient program to sample young-of-the-year game and pan fish in Clear Lake, Iowa, led to an intensive survey conducted during the summers of 1956 and 1957. A seining schedule was followed in which weeks, times of day, and stations were randomized following the procedures for the Latin square design. On the basis of information gained from the 1956-1957 survey, a more efficient plan was outlined for integration into the Clear Lake fishery research program. Seining is to be limited to the night because catches of most species were higher then and the mean lengths of young fish are the same as those taken during daylight. Sampling will be according to a Latin square schedule during the 6 weeks prior to August 31. Sampling in the preceding week will permit practice and elimination of any procedural problems. Growth of young-of-the-year fishes differed in various parts of the lake necessitating sampling at several stations.
Electro-mechanical Behavior of Graphene–Polystyrene Composites Under Dynamic Loading

An experimental investigation was conducted to understand the electro-mechanical response of graphene reinforced polystyrene (PS) composites under static and dynamic loading. Graphene/PS composites were fabricated using a solution mixing approach followed by hot-pressing. Absolute resistance values were measured with a high-resolution four-point probe method for both quasi-static and dynamic loading. A modified split Hopkinson (Kolsky) pressure bar apparatus, capable of simultaneous mechanical and electrical characterization, was developed and implemented to investigate the dynamic electro-mechanical response of the composites. In addition to measuring the change in electrical resistance as well as the dynamic constitutive behavior, real-time surface damage and global deformation was captured using high-speed photography. The real-time damage was correlated to both stress–strain and percent change in resistance profiles. The experimental findings indicate that the bulk resistance of the composite increased significantly due to the brittle nature of the PS matrix and the presence of relative agglomerations of graphene platelets which resulted in micro-crack formations. Scanning electron microscopy imaging gives further insight into the various damage mechanisms that occur within the composites subjected to a static or dynamic load. The results show that the change in transport properties can provide further insight into the micro-structural evolution of composite materials during loading.
PHOTOHYDRATION OF PYRIMIDINES IN ''ACID PUDDLES.''

Abstract Uv irradiation (254 nm) of uracil, 1-methyluracil, 3-methyluracil and 1,3-dimethyluracil (1 mM, pH 2 HCl) in a frozen state (−70°) results in the formation of 6-hydroxy-5,6-dihydrouracil derivatives. The quantum yields are in the range of 0.2 – 0.6 which are 10 to 400-fold greater than those obtained in water. In addition to photohydration, evidence is presented for the formation of an unstable water addition product at the C(4) carbonyl. The relevance of these findings in understanding the mechanism of photohydration is discussed.