cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Transition from Early Intervention to Preschool Special Education Services: Family-Centered Practice That Promotes Positive Outcomes

The transition to preschool special education is challenging for parents, children, and professionals. Occupational therapists who work in schools often serve an important role for families during their children's transitions from family-centered, early intervention services to child-centered, educationally relevant programs. In this article, we propose that the values underlying Bronfenbrenner's bioecological model work in concordance with those of occupational therapy and can serve as a framework from which therapists in schools can work with families to ease the stresses of transitioning into preschool. We also provide recommendations that support use of family-centered practice by occupational therapists during this transition.
C-Terminal Glycine-Gated Radical Initiation by GTP 3′,8-Cyclase in the Molybdenum Cofactor Biosynthesis

The molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is an essential redox cofactor found in all kingdoms of life. Genetic mutations in the human Moco biosynthetic enzymes lead to a fatal metabolic disorder, Moco deficiency (MoCD). Greater than 50% of all human MoCD patients have mutations in MOCS1A, a radical S-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAM) enzyme involved in the conversion of guanosine 5′-triphosphate (GTP) into cyclic pyranopterin monophosphate. In MOCS1A, one of the frequently affected locations is the GG motif constituted of two consecutive Gly at the C-terminus. The GG motif is conserved among all MOCS1A homologues, but its role in catalysis or the mechanism by which its mutation causes MoCD was unknown. Here, we report the functional characterization of the GG motif using MoaA, a bacterial homologue of MOCS1A, as a model. Our study elucidated that the GG motif is essential for the activity of MoaA to produce 3′,8-cH2GTP from GTP (GTP 3′,8-cyclase), and that synthetic peptides corresponding to the C-terminal region of wt-M...
The cyanide ligands of [FeFe] hydrogenase: pulse EPR studies of (13)C and (15)N-labeled H-cluster.

The two cyanide ligands in the assembled cluster of [FeFe] hydrogenase originate from exogenous l-tyrosine. Using selectively labeled tyrosine substrates, the cyanides were isotopically labeled via a recently developed in vitro maturation procedure allowing advanced electron paramagnetic resonance techniques to probe the electronic structure of the catalytic core of the enzyme. The ratio of the isotropic 13C hyperfine interactions for the two CN– ligands—a reporter of spin density on their respective coordinating iron ions—collapses from ≈5.8 for the Hox form of hydrogenase to <2 for the CO-inhibited form. Additionally, when the maturation was carried out using [15N]-tyrosine, no features previously ascribed to the nitrogen of the bridging dithiolate ligand were observed suggesting that this bridge is not sourced from tyrosine.
Current prospective of anti-IL-4, -IL-9, and -IL-13 therapies in allergic disease.

Abstract While the incidence of allergy and allergic diseases continues to increase, new drugs to treat these disorders have not been forthcoming. The mainstay of therapy continues to be inhaled steroids, leukotriene receptor antagonists, antihistamines and immunotherapy. Even though these drugs work for many patients there remains a group of individuals who fail to improve with these treatments. With the exception of immunotherapy, these drugs improve symptoms, but do not do anything to alter the course of disease. This review will cover recent patents and new drugs that target IL-4, IL-13 and IL-9, molecules involved not only in inflammation associated with disease, but also with the development of the immune repertoire necessary for the perpetuation of disease. Inhibition of these cytokines may lead to true immunomodulation of disease and finally give us drugs that cure the disease rather than just treat symptoms.
Potential Interaction of Bionics with Psychology

In the wake of Norbert Wiener's Cybernetics, there has grown up an interdisciplinary field of bionics whose avowed purpose is to understand and physically simulate certain functions of biological systems. Psychology would do well to consider present and future interaction with other disciplines and with interdisciplines through bionics, in view of the apparent overlap of interests.
Nonallergic Rhinitis : Environmental Determinants

"Nonallergic rhinitis" (NAR) is defined by intermittent or persistent nasal symptoms without evidence of immunoglobulin E-mediated sensitization to relevant aeroallergens. The largest subgroup is idiopathic, and is characterized by nasal hyperreactivity to nonspecific environmental triggers, including temperature, humidity, and chemical exposures. As nonspecific nasal hyperreactivity is often found in the absence of mucosal inflammation, some clinicians refer to this condition as "nonallergic rhinopathy." Irritant rhinitis, can arise de novo after high-level and/or prolonged exposure to airborne irritant chemicals. We review the range of environmentally induced nonallergic nasal symptoms and signs, and explore issues of pathophysiology unique to environmental chemical exposures.
Debugging the evidence chain

In Education (as in many other fields) it is common to create complex systems to assess the state of latent properties of individuals — the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the students. Such systems usually consist of several processes including (1) a context determination process which identifies (or creates) tasks—contexts in which evidence can be gathered,—(2) an evidence capture process which records the work product produced by the student interacting with the task, (3) an evidence identification process which captures observable outcome variables believed to have evidentiary value, and (4) an evidence accumulation system which integrates evidence across multiple tasks (contexts), which often can be implemented using a Bayesian network. In such systems, flaws may be present in the conceptualization, identification of requirements or implementation of any one of the processes. In later stages of development, bugs are usually associated with a particular task. Tasks which have exceptionally high or unexpectedly low information associated with their observable variables may be problematic and merit further investigation. This paper identifies individuals with unexpectedly high or low scores and uses weight-of-evidence balance sheets to identify problematic tasks for follow-up. We illustrate these techniques with work on the game Newton's Playground: an educational game designed to assess a student's understanding of qualitative physics.
Shortening of the esophagus in response to swallowing

Esophageal shortening accompanies peristalsis in laboratory animals and is attributed to longitudinally oriented fibers in esophageal muscle layers. To evaluate this phenomenon in humans, esophageal shortening during suspended respiration in response to swallows was measured in five normal volunteers (median age, 23 yr). Metal mucosal clips were endoscopically placed at and 10 cm above the gastroesophageal junction, and their movement was recorded by videotaped fluoroscopy. All subjects demonstrated esophageal shortening with each swallow in a characteristic pattern with small interswallow variance. Early, minimal shortening of the proximal segment (6.0 +/- 2.4 mm) was followed by delayed, prominent distal segment shortening (18.9 +/- 9.3 mm) that principally accounted for overall change in total esophageal length (18.0 +/- 8.1 mm). The degree of esophageal shortening did not correlate with circular muscle contraction wave parameters that were obtained with intraluminal manometrics in a separate study (P greater than 0.2 for each correlation), and distal segment shortening uniformly preceded the onset of contraction waves in the same region. These findings indicate that patterned esophageal shortening with swallows occurs in humans, most prominently in the distal esophagus. The technique may be useful in determining the participation of axial esophageal movement in esophageal motility disorders.
Implementing a Quadratic Programming Approach to the Product Line Pricing Problem

The problems inherent in effecting an appropriate product line pricing strategy have been widely documented. In partial response to such problems, a variety of analytic models have been advanced. Our work represents an effort to reduce the gap between pricing theory and marketing practice by providing clear guidance and (computer-based) support for the practitioner in search of a manageable quantitative supplement to the instinct and judgment which typically drive the pricing decision.
Decoupling and Functionalization of Coupled Polyisobutylene via Alkoxybenzene Quenching

During living polymerization of isobutylene, marginal conditions can lead to reaction of carbenium ions with exo-olefin and production of coupled polyisobutylene (PIB). When living PIB containing a coupled fraction is subjected to end-quenching with an alkoxybenzene compound in the presence of TiCl4, the coupling reaction is quantitatively reversed to form the two original chain ends, and the regenerated chains are observed to possess the desired alkoxyphenyl functionality. To demonstrate this phenomenon, various PIB samples were prepared to purposefully contain significant coupled fractions, from 10 to 55 mol %, by quenching living PIB with hindered nucleophiles under marginal conditions. The coupled fractions were quantified by 1H NMR and GPC. Coupled PIB samples were reacted with (3-bromopropoxy)benzene, methoxybenzene, or 4-phenoxy-1-butyl acrylate in the presence of TiCl4 and a source of protic catalyst. Various protic sources were found to be effective including externally added water, adventitious ...
Teacher Identity and Reform: Intersections within School Culture.

In the era of school accountability, school reform programs aimed at shifting school culture are often implemented in an attempt to increase student achievement as measured by standardized test scores. This ethnographic case study was conducted in Hawk Elementary, a low-performing, high-poverty school. Quantitative and qualitative data collected were analyzed for the purposes of investigating the intersection among school culture, teacher identity, and this type of education reform. Three composite teacher identities in relation to reform emerged from the data: the Believer, the Hopeful, and the Opposer. The influence of each of these identities on school reform is discussed.
Development of Novel Formulas to Determine Hospital and Pharmacy Opportunities to Reduce Extended Length of Stay

Background: Hospital length of stay (LOS) is an important measure to determine resource utilization and efficiency of care for inpatients. No existing objective methodology is available to determine where and how pharmacy departments can have maximal impact on reducing extended LOS. Objective: An objective methodology to guide decisions by hospital pharmacy departments on reducing extended LOS is described. Methods: University of North Carolina Medical Center’s LOS was compared to hospitals with similar inpatient bed size and case mix index. Objective methodology using pharmacy intensity weight, LOS index, and relative number of cases overall and by hospital service was developed to identify targets of impacting LOS for a pharmacy department. Results: The novel Pharmacy Opportunity Length of Stay (POLOS) formula was developed to prioritize each Medicare Severity Diagnosis Related Group (MSDRG) based on the overall impact pharmacy can have on reducing extended LOS at an individual institution. An additiona...
Hand Transplantation: Evolution of a Personal Outlook

The field of vascularized composite allotransplantation—combining advances in reconstructive surgery, transplantation, and immunology—offers great promise for patients with heretofore unsolvable problems. In the last 30 years, hand transplantation has progressed through the phases of being a research subject, a controversial clinical procedure, a more widely accepted and expanding field, and now a promising endeavor undergoing refined indications. Although many lessons have been learned, few procedures in the author's experience have been as life-transformative in restoring the body image, motor and sensory functions, activities of daily living, and personal autonomy as successful hand transplantation.
Does Age Moderate the Effect of Spirituality/Religiousness in Accounting for Alcoholics Anonymous Benefit?

ABSTRACTGains in spiritual/religious (S/R) practices among Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) members are associated with reductions in drinking. This study had the following aims: (1) examine spirituality/religiousness as a mediator of the relationship between AA attendance and reductions in drinking behavior to replicate past research findings and to (2) examine age cohort as a moderator of the mediational analyses given that empirical evidence (e.g., generational differences in spirituality) suggests that age may influence the acquisition of gains in spirituality/religiousness during AA as well as the expression of these gains on drinking behavior. Measures were administered to 253 participants recruited from community-based AA and outpatient treatment programs at baseline, 3, 6, 9, and 12 months, and 210 (83%) participants provided complete data to test study aims. Gains in S/R practices mediated the relationship between AA attendance and increased abstinence but not drinking intensity. Simple slopes analyses ...
Why is it so difficult to enroll patients in clinical trials

6552 Background: Nationwide, approximately 3% of patients participate in therapeutic clinical trials. It is presumed that patient education and navigation will increase enrollment. For these interventions to work, a clear understanding of the reasons patients do not enroll is needed. Employing our enrollment framework (Kanarek et al, 2012), we set out to define, at one comprehensive cancer center, the reasons new cancer patients fail to enroll onto clinical trials. Methods: Medical Oncology records from a consecutive series of new breast, non-small cell lung (NSCLC), pancreas and prostate cancer patients were abstracted. Abstraction was based on seven framework sequential steps: 1) trial availability, 2) trial eligibility, 3) physician triage 4) physician-patient discussion, 5) patient’s interest, 6) consent, and 7) enrollment. Each step depends on the prior step (e.g. if there were no trial available then eligibility for a trial could not be considered). Reasons noted for failing any step were summarized...
DNA Release from Fe3+-cross-linked Alginate Films Triggered by Logically Processed Biomolecular Signals - Integration of Biomolecular Computing and Actuation

Signal-controlled release of DNA from Fe3+-cross-linked alginate hydrogel electrochemically deposited on an electrode surface was studied. The multiple input signals were logically processed with the help of the enzyme biocatalyzed reactions. Boolean logic gates, OR, AND, INH, were realized with the biocatalytic reactions performed by the enzymes entrapped in the alginate film. Hydrogen peroxide produced by the enzymatic reactions resulted in the degradation of the alginate hydrogel and DNA release. The alginate degradation was facilitated by the formation of free radicals in the Fenton-type reaction catalyzed by iron cations cross-linking the alginate hydrogel. The studied approach is versatile and can be adapted to various chemical signals processed by various enzymes with differently implemented Boolean logic. This work illustrates a novel concept of functional integration of biomolecular computing and actuation.
Explaining the Vote in the Election of 2016: The Remarkable Come from Behind Victory of Republican Candidate Donald Trump

The study of political campaign communication focuses on the elements of the political environment, messengers, messages, channels of communication (print, radio, television, social media, etc.), audience, and effects. This chapter explains the presidential vote in 2016, and it draws upon the key factors in political campaign communication to explain it. The authors focus on: (1) the overall political environment, (2) the rules of the game and the electoral college, (3) the salience of party identification, (4) the messengers, (5) the messages and campaign strategies, (6) the channels of communication, and (7) and the audience or the regional/state and demographic bases of the presidential vote, with special attention to the roles of gender and race-ethnicity in recent elections and the 2016 campaign.
Hows, whats, and (don’t forget) whos: the future of inquiry in communication, teaching, and learning

When our daughter was young, we would take her camping in the mountains of North Carolina, and one of the “must do’s” was always gem mining. I remember one of the first times we took her gem mining...
Direct Stimulation of Glycolysis Accounts for Cellular Metabolic Benefits of the NAD+ Precursor Nicotinamide Mononucleotide (NMN)

In addition to metabolic and redox functions, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) impacts cell signaling via the sirtuin family of lysine deacylases. Several diseases are reported to benefit from pharmacologic stimulation of sirtuin activity by delivery of NAD+ precursors such as nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN). Stimulation of cytosolic SIRT1 is known to protect the heart against ischemia-reperfusion (IR) injury and, consistent with this, NMN protected perfused mouse hearts against IR (post-IR function recovery: NMN 35±2 %, vs. vehicle 10±4 %). However, NMN protection was absent in hearts perfused without glucose (i.e. with palmitate as respiratory substrate). In isolated cardiomyocytes, NMN induced rapid and large-scale cytosolic acidification (fluorescent pH reporter), with increased glycolytic flux (Seahorse XF) yielding lactate (LC-MS/MS based metabolomics). Glycolysis requires NAD+ and is known to be beneficial during hypoxia. As such, our data suggest that protection afforded by an NMN-induced elevation in NAD+ may simply be due to glycolytic stimulation rather than SIRT1 activation. Consistent with this, western blot for acetyl-lysine (as a surrogate for in-situ sirtuin activity) showed that NMN drove protein deacetylation in mitochondrial and nuclear compartments, but not in cytosol where cardiac SIRT1 is located. We conclude the benefit of NMN in IR and potentially other disease states is mediated via stimulation of glycolysis. Caution is thus urged, in the human therapeutic use of NAD+ boosting dietary supplements.
Microbial Interactions with Toxic Elements in the Environment

A major purpose of this Dahlem Workshop was to analyze and assess the chemical species of various elements that influence the biogeochemical cycle of the world. We have therefore chosen to discuss the nature of toxic effects of individual biotic or abiotic species or elements on living systems and the environment as a whole, stressing the importance of chemical, biochemical, or molecular mechanisms that affect such interaction. The primary focus of this paper is to evaluate the mode of genetic interaction of microorganisms with two chemical species, viz., metals or metalloids and a group of synthetic chemicals, chlorinated aromatics, that have been widely used as herbicides and pesticides, solvents, refrigerants, fire retardants, and in general as industrially useful compounds. Since both of these groups of chemicals exert useful as well as toxic effects on natural microflora, microorganisms either use them as constituents of their basic metabolic processes and food supply or try to develop resistance to them to circumvent the toxicity associated with their presence. Either event occasionally necessitates the evolution of new genetic characteristics that endow the host cells with such interactive abilities or entail appreciable genetic rearrangements for such events to occur at a high frequency.
Bi-clustering of Gene Expression Data Using Conditional Entropy

The inherent sparseness of gene expression data and the rare exhibition of similar expression patterns across a wide range of conditions make traditional clustering techniques unsuitable for gene expression analysis. Biclustering methods currently used to identify correlated gene patterns based on a subset of conditions do not effectively mine constant, coherent, or overlapping biclusters, partially because they perform poorly in the presence of noise. In this paper, we present a new methodology (BiEntropy) that combines information entropy and graph theory techniques to identify co-expressed gene patterns that are relevant to a subset of the sample. Our goal is to discover different types of biclusters in the presence of noise and to demonstrate the superiority of our method over existing methods in terms of discovering functionally enriched biclusters. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our method using both synthetic and real data.
Surface Depletion in the Vacuum Distillation of Metals from Bismuth

Surface depletion was investigated in laboratory- and plant-scale distillation units with mixing by natural convection or by mechanical surface agitation. A model was developed for predicting the degree of surface depletion during the distillation of metals from bismuth as a function of temperature, still pot dimensions, and degree of agitation. This paper discusses those findings.
A Strategy for Research on Synthesis of Ceramics Materials

Advances in materials research are closely correlated with the discovery or purposive synthesis of new materials or new processes for preparing materials. During the last two or three decades, there has been emerging a capacity to ‘design’ materials optimized for a particular use or device, and to synthesize new materials to these specifications. However, serendipity still plays a major role in new materials development, and the question of the optimum research strategy for materials synthesis studies has received insufficient attention. Such research strategy may be just as important as new instruments in the search for new materials.
A Generative Perspective on Engineering: Why the Destructive Force of Artifacts Is Immune to Politics

Whether value is extracted for redistribution by a communist state, or extracted for purposes of private enterprise, the problem is in the extraction, which is strongly influenced by the engineering design. A generative approach to engineering would maintain value in unalienated forms, and allow it to circulate such that it returns to the communities of generation.
The relationship between oral health and COPD exacerbations

Introduction: Poor oral health has been implicated as an independent risk factor for the development of COPD, but few studies have evaluated the association between oral health and COPD exacerbations. We aimed to determine if poor oral health is associated with COPD exacerbations and/or worse respiratory health. Methods: We performed a case-control study of oral health among COPD exacerbators and non-exacerbators. Cases (exacerbators) had experienced ≥1 exacerbation in the previous 12 months, while controls (non-exacerbators) had no exacerbations in the previous 24 months. We excluded those with <4 teeth. We evaluated the global oral health assessment, Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-5), dental symptoms/habits, and St. George's Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ). In a subset, we performed blinded dental exams to measure bleeding on probing, probing depth, clinical attachment loss, periodontitis severity, plaque index, gingival index, and carries risk. We evaluated associations between oral health and COPD exacerbations using logistic regression. Linear regression was used to assess relationships between oral health and SGRQ scores. Results: Screened non-exacerbators (n=118) were significantly more likely to have <4 teeth, compared to screened exacerbators (n=100) (44% vs 30%, respectively; p=0.046). After excluding those with <4 teeth, there were 70 cases and 66 controls. Self-reported oral health and objective dental exam measures did not vary significantly between cases vs controls. However, the odds of severe COPD exacerbations requiring hospitalizations and/or emergency department visits trended higher in those with worse dental exam compared to those with better dental exam. Worse OHIP-5 was strongly associated with worse SGRQ scores. Conclusions: Oral health status was not related to COPD exacerbations, but was associated with self-reported respiratory health. Non-exacerbators were more likely to be edentate or have ≤4 teeth compared to exacerbators. Larger studies are needed to address oral health as a potential method to improve respiratory health in patients with COPD.
Production of low molecular weight chitosan by acid and oxidative pathways: Effect on physicochemical properties.

Abstract Chitosan–based biomaterials with a low molecular weight (LMW) have been drawn attention due to the promising applications in the pharmaceutical and food fields. For this reason, the aim of this work was to study the effect of two distinct depolymerization pathways on the chitosan physicochemical properties. Chitosan was submitted to depolymerization reaction to obtain chitosan with low molecular weight (LMW), using the oxidative pathway (H2O2) and the acid pathway (HCl). The molecular weight reduction was investigated by kinetic study and chain scission mechanism. Chitosan characterization was performed according to its viscosimetric average molecular weight and deacetylation degree, respectively, through the viscosimetric method and proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H NMR). The structural integrity was evaluated by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). The crystalline and thermal properties were investigated, respectively, by X–ray diffraction (XRD) spectroscopy and thermogravimetric (TGA)/ differential thermal (DTA)/ differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. The water–chitosan interaction study was used to estimate the chitosan solubility. The results pointed out that both pathways resulted in chitosan with low molecular weight (
Versatility in a loud call: dual affiliative and agonistic functions in the blue monkey boom

To investigate the selective agents that shape signals, we examined function (adaptive benefit to signaler) in the boom loud call by male blue monkeys. Using natural observation and playbacks in a wild population in Kenya, we characterized boom function from conspecifics' behavioral responses and also variation in call usage relating to context and reproductive season. Booms occurred in several contexts and after varied stimuli, including falling branches, yet were strongly associated with intragroup activity and, in particular, affiliative interactions between callers and females. Males produced more booms during the mating season and, congruently, when more females in their groups were sexually active. After hearing booms, compared to no call, females spent more time near groupmates and the caller and were more likely to approach and have mating interactions with him. Males tended to move away after hearing a boom. In the aggregate, results indicate that booms achieve multiple functions relating to facilitating group cohesion, affiliative interactions, and mating opportunities, while also repelling rival males. An observed association with falling branches is puzzlingly distinct from these social functions. We explore the hypothesis that booms enable affiliative encounters by acting as signals of benign intent, and discuss the functional versatility of signals perceived by multiple receivers that vary in age, sex, and relationship to signalers.
An adaptive mesh refinement approach based on optimal sparse sensing

We introduce a new approach for adaptive mesh refinement in which adaptivity is driven by low rank decomposition and optimal sensing of the dynamically evolving flow field. This method seeks an ordered set of locations for mesh adaptation from the instantaneous data-driven basis of an online proper orthogonal decomposition of the velocity, which organizes features into sparse optimal orthogonal modes based on an energy norm. The sensing is achieved via a computationally expedient discrete empirical interpolation method using rank-revealing QR factorization (Drmac and Gugercin SIAM J Sci Comput 38(2):A631–A648, 2016). The methodology is applicable to a wide range of numerical discretizations, and is tested on a spatiotemporally evolving incompressible turbulent jet, a complex wind turbine wake, and supersonic flow over a forward-facing step. The proposed approach is demonstrated to predict accurate velocity statistics and yield significantly smaller grids in comparison to gradient-based methods. The algorithm is seen to focus refinement in the vicinity of dynamically significant regions such as those characterized by high turbulence kinetic energy, coherent structures and shock interactions. Moreover, the approach does not require parameters or thresholds, which may be difficult to obtain for complex flows, to be known a priori to facilitate mesh adaptation.
Low-dose vemurafenib monotherapy in BRAFV600E-mutated Erdheim-Chester disease

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare histiocytic neoplasm derived from the macrophage/dendritic cell lineage and harbors the BRAFV600E mutation in 50–60% of patients [1]. The U.S. Food and Drug ...
Utility of Reviewing Radiology Studies in Electronic Medical Records When Preparing Bone Mineral Density Reports

Abstract We quantitated how often review of recent radiology studies provides information useful to the densitometrist. While preparing bone mineral density (BMD) reports on 1012 consecutive patients, radiology reports in electronic medical records (EMRs) for the previous 5 years at potentially relevant sites (lumbar spine X-rays, abdominal computed tomography (CT) scans, and so forth) were reviewed. When a study was found, it received a grade according to how relevant findings were to the BMD report: "1" for studies that were irrelevant, "2" for those that confirmed the impression formed from review of the BMD images, "3" for those that clarified the impression that was unclear after reviewing the BMD images, and "4" for those that revealed new relevant data when no abnormality was noted on review of the BMD images. A total of 562 patients (55.5%) had a radiologic study at a site of potential interest within the past 5 years. Fifty-three patients (5.2% of all patients) had a grade 4 study, 88 patients (8.7% of all patients) had a grade 3 study, and 185 patients (18.3% of all patients) had a grade 2 study. Two hundred sixty-four patients (25.8%) had a grade 2 or 3 study, and 299 (29.5%) had a grade 2–4 study. The radiographic study that was most likely to be found in patients' EMR was chest X-ray (34.7% of all patients), but it was also the one that was least likely to have any relevance to the reader; only 10.5% of the total chest X-rays were graded 2–4. The next most likely studies to be found in patients' EMR were abdominal CT scans (18.0% of all patients) and lumbar spine X-rays (14.4% of all patients), but these studies were much more likely to be useful to the reader, as 62.6% of abdominal CT scans and 78.1% of lumbar spine X-rays were graded 2–4. The likelihood of a patient having radiologic examinations in the EMR at sites potentially relevant to the BMD reader is high, but the likelihood that these clarify abnormalities noted on BMD is only moderate. Review of the EMR is unlikely to be relevant when the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry images are normal.
Atypical presentation of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome: diagnosis in two unrelated males based on studies of maternal T cell X chromosome inactivation.

Congenital thrombocytopenia may occur in isolation or accompanied by eczema and immunodeficiency, as part of the X-linked hereditary Wiskott- Aldrich syndrome (WAS). Because the clinical and immunologic picture of WAS is variable, particularly early in life, definite diagnosis cannot always be made in cases with a negative family history. Two unrelated males with sporadic congenital thrombocytopenia had only questionable immunologic abnormalities as infants, making them clinically indistinguishable from cases of isolated thrombocytopenia, although one developed episodic neutropenia and the other began to manifest a multisystem autoimmune disease at 2 years of age. Evaluation of X chromosome inactivation in the T cells of both patients' mothers showed each of these women to have the same highly skewed X chromosome inactivation pattern seen in carriers of typical familial WAS. A T-cell defect was subsequently directly demonstrated in the second patient, whose lymphocytes failed to proliferate to periodate and anti-CD43. Taken together, these data suggest the presence of T cell immunodeficiency consistent with WAS in these patients. Furthermore, their mothers were found to have a very high likelihood of being carriers, lending support to the diagnosis of a hereditary disease in these boys and making possible genetic prediction in other family members and subsequent pregnancies.
On the Event-Structural Properties of the English Get-Passive

An important ongoing discussion in theories of argument structure concerns the explanatory division of labor between thematic properties and event structure. In this context, the English get-passiv...
Measuring Cache Complexity Using Data Movement Distance (DMD)

Given the ubiquity of cache-based machines, it is important to analyze how well a program or an algorithm uses the cache. There is no widely accepted measure of cache complexity, yet the cache complexity is often more important to performance than the measures of time and space complexity. This paper presents Data Movement Distance (DMD) to measure the cost of cache complexity for algorithms, demonstrates its use, and discusses it as a measure of locality. Since processor speeds are getting ever faster, one of the main bottlenecks in modern computing is moving the needed data into and around the processor. DMD measures the efficiency of the algorithm in this sense and therefore may be a much-needed complement to the conventional analysis of computation complexity. In this paper, we give an overview of DMD and some basic results. These will be expanded upon in future work.
Dynamic Expression of Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid-3 and Integrated Signaling with Growth Factor Pathways during Lung Epithelial Wound Repair following Wood Smoke Particle and Other Forms of Lung Cell Injury.

Prior studies revealed increased expression of the transient receptor potential vanilloid-3 (TRPV3) ion channel after wood smoke particulate matter (WSPM) treatment of human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs). TRPV3 attenuated pathologic endoplasmic reticulum stress and cytotoxicity mediated by transient receptor potential ankyrin-1. Here, the basis for how TRPV3 expression is regulated by cell injury and the effects this has on HBEC physiology and WSPM-induced airway remodeling in mice was investigated. TRPV3 mRNA was rapidly increased in HBECs treated with WSPM and after monolayer damage caused by tryptic disruption, scratch wounding, and cell passaging. TRPV3 mRNA abundance varied with time, and stimulated expression occurred independent of new protein synthesis. Overexpression of TRPV3 in HBECs reduced cell migration and wound repair while enhancing cell adhesion. This phenotype correlated with disrupted mRNA expression of ligands of the epidermal growth factor, tumor growth factor-β, and frizzled receptors. Accordingly, delayed wound repair by TRPV3 overexpressing cells was reversed by growth factor supplementation. In normal HBECs, TRPV3 upregulation was triggered by exogenous growth factor supplementation and was attenuated by inhibitors of growth factor receptor signaling. In mice, subacute oropharyngeal instillation with WSPM also promoted TRPV3 mRNA expression and epithelial remodeling, which was attenuated by TRPV3 antagonist pre- and cotreatment. This latter effect may be the consequence of antagonist-induced TRPV3 expression. These findings provide insights into the roles of TRPV3 in lung epithelial cells under basal and dynamic states, as well as highlight potential roles for TRPV3 ligands in modulating epithelial damage/repair. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Coordinated epithelial repair is essential for the maintenance of the airways, with deficiencies and exaggerated repair associated with adverse consequences to respiratory health. This study shows that TRPV3, an ion channel, is involved in coordinating repair through integrated repair signaling pathways, wherein TRPV3 expression is upregulated immediately after injury and returns to basal levels as cells complete the repair process. TRPV3 may be a novel target for understanding and/or treating conditions in which airway/lung epithelial repair is not properly orchestrated.
A Linear Algebra Approach to Language Identification

Identification of the language of documents has traditionally been accomplished using dictionaries or other such language sources. This paper presents a novel algorithm for identifying the language of documents using much less information about the language than traditional methods. In addition, if no information about the language of incoming documents is known, the algorithm groups the documents into language groups, despite the deficit of language knowledge. The algorithm is based on the vector space model of information retrieval and uses a matrix projection operator and the singular value decomposition to identify terms that distinguish between languages. Experimental results show that the algorithm works reasonably well.
Quality nursing care in the words of nurses

burhans l.m. & alligood m.r. (2010) Quality nursing care in the words of nurses. Journal of Advanced Nursing 66(8), 1689–1697. Abstract Title. Quality nursing care in the words of nurses. Aim. This paper is a report of a study of the meaning of quality nursing care for practising nurses. Background. Healthcare quality continues to be a subject of intense criticism and debate. Although quality nursing care is vital to patient outcomes and safety, meaningful improvements have been disturbingly slow. Analysis of quality care literature reveals that practising nurses are rarely involved in developing or defining improvement programs for quality nursing care. Therefore, two major study premises were that quality nursing care must be meaningful and relevant to nurses and that uncovering their meaning of quality nursing care could facilitate more effective improvement approaches. Method. Using van Manen’s hermeneutic phenomenology, meaning was revealed through analysis of interviews to answer the research question ‘What is the lived meaning of quality nursing care for practising nurses?’ Twelve nurses practising on medical or surgical adult units at general or intermediate levels of care within acute care hospitals in the United States of America were interviewed. Emerging themes were discovered through empirical and reflective analysis of audiotapes and transcripts. The data were collected in 2008. Findings. The revealed lived meaning of quality nursing care for practising nurses was meeting human needs through caring, empathetic, respectful interactions within which responsibility, intentionality and advocacy form an essential, integral foundation. Conclusion. Nurse managers could develop strategies that support nurses better in identifying and delivering quality nursing care reflective of responsibility, caring, intentionality, empathy, respect and advocacy. Nurse educators could modify education curricula to model and teach students the intrinsic qualities identified within these meanings of quality nursing care.
Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis (RRP)-Juvenile Onset.

In this article, we describe the treatment of long standing juvenile-onset recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (JORRP) with eventual transformation to carcinoma in a patient who lived to the age of 73. Treatment modalities consisted of bronchoscopy and local excision initially. Later, YAG and CO2 laser debulking were used. Radiotherapy, chemotherapy with carboplatin (300 mg/m2) and 5-FU (600 mg/m2), oral methotrexate (5–7.5 mg/week), pegylated Interferon, indole-3-carbamide, and intralesional cidofovir were also utilized in the treatment of this patient. Except for methotrexate, each of the treatment regimens used in this patient, initially decreased growth of the papillomas and improved symptoms experienced by the patient. Interestingly, we found that this patient’s long standing JORRP initially responded to a chemo- therapy regimen of 4 cycles of carboplatin (300 mg/m2) and 5-FU (600 mg/m2) as well. Ultimately, the disease became resistant to all forms of treatment and progressed. The patient eventually succumbed to the disease after an approximate 77 year course.
The End of Superworld III

Once upon a time, the life of the high-energy physicist was dominated by frequent astonishing and spectacular discoveries: new effects or new particles that were unexpected by the lumpen proletariat appeared with great regularity. Recall the spirit of the times a century ago: with the discoveries of the inert gases in 1894, X-rays in 1895, radioactivity in 1896, and the electron in 1897. Here are a dozen more contemporary examples:
Winning in Emerging Markets: A Roadmap for Strategy and Execution, by Tarun Khanna and Krishna G. Palepu

The financial crisis has made emerging markets even more relevant for two reasons, say Tarun Khanna and Krishna G. Palepu, authors of Winning in Emerging Markets. First, many in business and govern...
Probing dielectric-response effects with attosecond time-resolved streaked photoelectron spectroscopy of metal surfaces

The release of conduction-band electrons from a metal surface by a subfemtosecond extreme ultraviolet (XUV) pulse and their propagation through the solid provoke a dielectric response in the solid that acts back on the photoelectron wave packet. We calculated the (wake) potential associated with this photoelectron self-interaction in terms of bulk and surface plasmon excitations and show that it induces a considerable, XUV-frequency-dependent temporal shift in laser-streaked XUV photoemission spectra, suggesting the observation of the ultrafast solid-state dielectric response in contemporary streaked photoemission experiments.
An analytical groundwater modeling approach for natural resources utilizing GIS

Abstract Suscessful water resource management requires the availability and synthesis of data from a multitude of sources. The system should also be capable of retrieving data related to these aspects in a format suitable for analysis by various simulation models. The objective is to store the required data pertaining to the various water and environmental resources in a flexible format that is simple to update; and to utilize a technology capable of linking the various parameters in an intuitive visual format. The technology of geographical information systems (GIS) offers such as approach. This paper discusses the design, development and implementation of a geographic information system for water resources information management and modeling. Emphasis on ease of use, portability, and data shareability are some of the major factors considered in the design of our system. For this pilot project, databases for soil types, wells aquifers, rainfall rates, and streams are used as the underlying databases. Uti...
Structure–property relationships in main chain liquid crystal polyesters with flexible spacers

Investigations have been carried out in this laboratory over the past four years on the structure—property relationship in main chain, thermotropic liquid crystal polymers containing a variety of different types of mesogenic groups and flexible spacers. Our goal has been to relate the effect of polymer structure to the type of mesophase formed in the melt and to the melting and clearing temperatures of the mesophases. Many interesting, unusual, and unexpected results have been obtained in our survey, and this review is concerned with our observations on the molecular factors which determine the types of mesophases formed, nematic or smectic, and their transition temperatures and behaviors.
Regional scale spatio‐temporal consistency of precipitation variables related to water resource management and planning

The focus of this research was to determine the extent of spatio-temporal changes in precipitation patterns using methods that can be regionalized and applied to various water resources such as lakes, streams, reservoirs or other water bodies. Many water resources throughout the world have demonstrated changes in historic water levels. As precipitation is the major input to these water bodies, it is important to investigate any changes in rainfall in both time and space. To investigate these patterns regionally, appropriate distributions, either gamma or generalized extreme value (GEV), were fitted to variables at a number of rainfall gauges within 40 km of a particular lake using maximum likelihood estimation. The variables included total annual rainfall, rainfall days per year, maximum annual event rainfall and maximum annual interevent days. Once the distribution parameters were estimated, an average, representative, distribution for each variable with 99% confidence limits was developed to determine if the fits for all gauges and variables were contained by these limits. To examine the temporal variation, distribution parameters were allowed to vary with time and then compared to constant parameter fits via likelihood ratio tests to determine if the varying parameter model significantly improved the fit. The spatial distribution of rainfall variables was found to be quite homogenous within the given confidence limits with some exceptions at high and low percentiles. Furthermore, the temporal distribution of rainfall variables was found to be stationary with only one gauge showing a significant trend. The average distribution for each precipitation variable developed can be applied at water resources within the region without rainfall gauges in proximity due to the spatial homogeneity and temporal stationarity identified. The methodology can be adapted to water resource management and planning in other regions. Copyright © 2009 Royal Meteorological Society
Continuous Gas Chromatography

Continuous gas chromatography has been achieved with a radialflow chromatographic channel free of packing and formed between two closely spaced (50 to 75 microns) disc surfaces (optically flat and solvent-coated) rotating at one-half or one revolution per second. This technique provides high capacity and immediate response (in a fraction of a second). Mixtures of hydrocarbon gases have been separated at flow rates of 6 to 30 cubic centimeters per minute with 100 to 150 cubic centimeters per minute of nitrogen carrier gas in a chromatographic channel only 39 millimeters long.
Expert line balancing system (ELBS)

Among many different types of line balancing problems, this paper concentrates on balancing the work load among workers on continuous production lines or the assembly line. This paper describes a heuristic and tutorial method that is computerized into Expert Line Balancing System (ELBS) which will act like an expert in an interactive mode. This will produce a number of substations in each major operational step station, system cycle time, total number of stations in the system, total number of hours required to manufacture 1000 units, and the overall efficiency.