cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Data exfiltration from unattended ground sensors using cooperating UAVs

Advances in networking, communications, and sensor technology have made it possible to deploy networks of spatially-distributed sensors to provide tactical or security forces with critical operational intelligence. Many application arenas have requirements for low-power, long-life sensors and stand-off for operations personnel, dictating the need for socalled unattended ground sensor networks (UGS). However, often the environment (e.g., an urban environment) limits communication capabilities. To solve this problem, in this paper we propose the use of multiple, cooperating unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to collect, or exfiltrate, the data from the UGS. In our scenario several prototype sensor clusters are deployed in relatively unknown locations, with a limited communication range. Each cluster's dedicated base/bridge node communicates via an IEEE 802.11b wireless link. The UAVs execute a cooperative flight pattern to first find the sensor clusters, to then collect their data, and to relay that data to a ground station. Throughout the process, the UAVs cooperate autonomously to achieve the goal, reconfiguring as needed in response to changes in the mission, in the targets (sensors), or in the available resources (the UAVs themselves). In the paper we describe our approach to cooperative behavior, our aircraft, and some preliminary experimental results.© (2005) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Alkylation of aldehyde oxime dianions

Abstract In contrast to an earlier report, aldoximes can be deprotonated to their dianions and alkylated in high yield.
Diffuse Prior Monotonic Likelihood Ratio Test for Evaluation of Fused Image Quality Measures

This paper introduces a novel method to score how well proposed fused image quality measures (FIQMs) indicate the effectiveness of humans to detect targets in fused imagery. The human detection performance is measured via human perception experiments. A good FIQM should relate to perception results in a monotonic fashion. The method computes a new diffuse prior monotonic likelihood ratio (DPMLR) to facilitate the comparison of the H1 hypothesis that the intrinsic human detection performance is related to the FIQM via a monotonic function against the null hypothesis that the detection and image quality relationship is random. The paper discusses many interesting properties of the DPMLR and demonstrates the effectiveness of the DPMLR test via Monte Carlo simulations. Finally, the DPMLR is used to score FIQMs with test cases considering over 35 scenes and various image fusion algorithms.
Hydrogen + oxygen recombination and related heat generation in undivided electrolysis cells

Abstract This paper presents a mathematical analysis that allows the rate of H 2 + O 2 recombination and related heat generation in single-compartment electrolysis cells to be calculated as a function of current density and temperature. The analysis employs electrochemical kinetics and gas evolution-enhanced mass transfer theory. Recent calorimetric results of others during the electrolysis of K 2 CO 3 + H 2 O solutions in the low current density range from 0.5 to 4 mA cm −2 are in good agreement with the theoretical predictions. The fraction of O 2 recombining with H 2 decreases significantly with increasing current density. As much as 27% of the O 2 recombines at 0.5 mA cm −2 , but only 4% at 100 mA cm −2 . It is shown that the heat generated by H 2 + O 2 recombination comprises a significant fraction of cell input energy only at low current densities. At 0.5 mA cm −2 , 0.8% at 40 mA cm −2 and only 0.03% at 400 mA cm −2 . The analysis also predicts quantitatively the observed enhancement of recombination by O 2 gas sparging and its elimination by N 2 sparging. On the basis of their results at low current densities, a group of researchers recently concluded that H 2 + O 2 recombination is the source for the ‘excess heat’ reported by other groups and attributed by some to ‘cold fusion’. However, reported excess heat values, ranging from a low of 23% at 14 mA cm −2 to a high of 3700% at 6 mA cm −2 , are much largern than can be explained by recombination. Whatever the explanation for the large amounts of excess heat reported by various groups, H 2 + O 2 recombination must be rejected as a tenable explanation.
Design of a joint operations planning simulator

The Joint Operations Planning System (JOPS) is a Department of Defense system for the conduct of the joint planning process. We describe the design of microcomputer implementation of a JOPS simulator, called JPLAN. We present some background on JOPS and JPLAN, problems with the current simulation, and our approach for a new microcomputer implementation which eliminates the “user hostile” interface for users and maintainers of the simulation.
Effect of chronic uremia in the rat on cerebral mitochondrial calcium concentrations

Effect of chronic uremia in the rat on cerebral mitochondrial calcium concentrations. Whole cerebral and isolated mitochondrial calcium levels were determined in normal and chronically uremic Sprague-Dawley rats. Uremia was induced by a two-stage 5/6 nephrectomy 4 weeks prior to study. Serum was obtained for urea, calcium, magnesium, phosphate, and i-PTH. Mitochondria were isolated by gradient centrifugation and calcium was determined by flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results demonstrate that mitochondrial calcium levels in uremic rats are not different from normal (8.0 ± 2.8 vs. 7.8 ± 1.8 nmoles/mg protein) despite an 11% increase in whole cerebral calcium concentration (17.3 ± 2.0 vs. 15.5 ± 2.8 nmoles/mg protein; P 18.0 mmoles/liter). Multiple regression analysis demonstrates a significant positive correlation between cerebral calcium concentrations and both serum calcium (P Effet de l'uremie chronique chez le rat sur les concentrations de calcium mitochondrial cerebrales. Les niveaux de calcium cerebral total et dans des mitochondries isolees ont ete determines chez des rats Sprague-Dawley normaux et en uremie chronique. L'uremie a ete induite par une nephrectomie des 5/6 en deux etapes 4 semaines avant l'etude. Du serum a ete obtenu pour l'uree, le calcium, le magnesium, les phosphates, et l'i-PTH. Les mitochondries ont ete isolees par gradient de centrifugation et le calcium a ete determine par spectrophotometrie d'absorption atomique de flamme. Les resultats montrent que les niveaux de calcium mitochondrial chez les rats uremiques ne different pas de la normale (8,0 ± 2,8 contre 7,8 ± 1,8 nmoles/mg proteines) malgre une augmentation de 11% de la concentration calcique cerebrale totale (17,3 ± 2,0 contre 15,5 ± 2,8 nmoles/mg proteines; P 18,0 mmoles/litre). Une analyse en regressions multiples demontre une correlation positive significative entre les concentrations calciques cerebrales et les niveaux de calcemie (P
Thermal properties of alkali metals from static and dynamic compressibilities

Abstract A detailed comparison of the isothermal compression data of Vaidya et al. on the alkali metals in the preceding article is made with high temperature shock compression data. The comparison provides evidence for strong electronic d -band effects in the equation of state of Rb at high temperatures at pressures as low as 50 kbar.
Surface cortical cerebral blood flow monitoring and single photon emission computed tomography: prognostic factors for selecting temporal lobectomy candidates

A series of 23 patients with medically intractable temporal lobe epilepsy was studied with surface cortical cerebral blood flow monitoring, single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and subdural strip electrocorticographic (ECoG) monitoring for localization of the seizure focus. All patients underwent anterior temporal lobectomy and seizure outcome was determined after a mean of 9 months (range: 3–17 months). Invasive and non-invasive cerebral blood flow (CBF) parameters with prognostic value for seizure-free outcome were: (a) inter-ictal seizure focus with CBF
Sexually selected signal attracted females before deterring aggression in rival males

Many sexually selected male signals elicit responses in males and females and, as a result, are affected by selection due to both mate choice and competition for mates. It has been proposed that because signals used in aggressive interactions may also be reliable indicators of mate quality, these dual functioning traits initially evolved in the context of male–male competition and were later co-opted by females to assess potential mates. Our phylogenetic reconstruction of the ancestral states of male and female responses to the sexually selected trait ‘vertical bars’ in the northern swordtail fish, Xiphophorus spp., suggests that female response to the bars was present before male response to the bars evolved. This is the first evidence that males may have co-opted a signal for use in male competition that was initially used by females in mate choice. We suggest that dual functioning, sexually selected traits are as likely to initially evolve in the context of female preference as in the context of male–male competition. In addition, we propose that eavesdropping may be an important mechanism by which signals are co-opted, with behavioural syndromes potentially playing a key role in the transition of the signal from a context of courtship to one of aggression.
Identity in vocational development

Abstract J. L. Holland's (1985, Making vocational choices: A theory of vocational personalities and work environments , Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall) formulation of the new construct vocational identity did not deal with its relation to other developmental constructs in vocational psychology. The present study investigated the association of vocational identity with vocational development by administering the Vocational Identity Scale, the Medical Career Development Inventory, and the Ego Identity Scale to 143 first- and second-year college students with the same career aspiration. The results indicated that vocational identity related to both degree of vocational development and progress in egoidentity achievement. In particular, vocational identity associated most with the task of crystallizing tentative preferences and progressively less with the other tasks in the vocational development continuum. Interpretation of sex differences in the results led to recommendations for research on stability of vocational identity and the identity formation process.
Improved fetal nucleated erythrocyte sorting purity using intracellular antifetal hemoglobin and Hoechst 33342.

Fetal nucleated erythrocytes (FNRBC) flow sorted from maternal peripheral blood, using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that bind fetal cell surface antigens, are a noninvasive source of fetal DNA for prenatal diagnosis. These mAbs, however, also bind antigens shared by maternal cells. In sorted populations, this results in maternal cell contamination and low fetal cell purities, which complicates genetic analysis by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Fetal hemoglobin, (α2γ2), has been proposed as a useful fetal marker. To improve fetal cell enrichment from maternal blood, we developed an intracellular staining protocol that combines anti-γ mAb with Hoechst 33342 to identify and flow sort FNRBC. Artificial mixtures of male umbilical cord cells (as a source of fetal hemoglobin) and female adult, nonpregnant peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stained and flow sorted using this protocol. FISH analysis was performed using chromosome X and Y specific probes. Fetal cell purities were calculated by microscope confirmation of anti-γ staining and counting the number of X and Y signals present after FISH. Results from microscope analyses showed a fetal cell yield of 39–100% and fetal cell purities of 59–73%. These purities are significantly higher than the .001–4.8% previously reported by us in maternal samples using cell surface staining protocols. FISH results demonstrated that 83–100% (mean = 98%) of anti-γ positive cells were male, whereas 82–100% (mean = 92.5%) of anti-γ negative cells were female. These results confirmed that the anti-γ mAb is highly fetal specific. When applied to maternal blood samples, this protocol should lead to increased sensitivity for prenatal diagnosis. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The dispersive optical model for n + 208Pb and n + 209Bi

Abstract The dispersive optical model (DOM) provides a natural connection between the shell model potential for bound states and the optical model for nucleon scattering at positive energies. At TUNL we have developed DOMs for neutron scattering for ten nuclei between 27Al and 209Bi. In these studies we rely on TUNL measurements of differential cross-section (σ(θ)) and analyzing power, as well as a wealth of σ(θ) and total cross section measurements from numerous other laboratories. In this paper we briefly outline the DOM method and the achievements in describing scattering data for n + 208Pb and n + 209Bi and single-particle bound-state data for neutrons in 208Pb.
Blue light generation by frequency doubling in periodically poled lithium niobate channel waveguide

Blue light at 410 nm was generated by continuous-wave frequency-doubling in a periodically poled lithium niobate channel waveguide at room temperature. Quasi-phasematching allowed generation of the blue light using the d/sub 33/ nonlinear coefficient. >
Comparing Television Use and Reading in Children With ADHD and Non-Referred Children Across Two Age Groups

There has been abundant speculation, but very little research, concerning the role of television in the lives of children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). This study compared the use of television and other media in samples of children with ADHD and nonreferred children. Children with ADHD were reported to watch more television, a difference partially accounted for by demographic and environmental characteristics. Children with ADHD were also reported to enjoy television more and have greater involvement in television-related activities, and to enjoy reading less and be less involved in reading-related activities. However, there were no diagnostic group differences in reports of weekly reading, and weekly reading was unrelated to television viewing in children with ADHD. Results suggest a complex relation between television viewing and ADHD not recognized in previous research and popular commentary, and suggest that research on children with ADHD's television use should consider envir...
Thermoelectric power of pure gallium. I. Temperature dependence

The thermoelectric power of high-purity gallium single crystals, oriented along the three principal directions of the orthorhombic lattice, has been measured between 4.2 and 1.4 K by means of the superconducting potentiometer developed by Clarke. For theA andB axes the thermopower has the same temperature dependence as the lattice specific heat, indicating the dominance of the phonon-drag term. The thermopower for theC axis changes sign from positive to negative around 3.4 K, and its temperature variation is extremely complicated. No definite conclusions could be drawn from the results for this axis.
Laparoscopic omentectomy for salvage of peritoneal dialysis catheters.

Background and Purpose: Maintaining long-term peritoneal catheter function for peritoneal dialysis is commonly threatened by problems with catheter obstruction. Multiple methods have been used to salvage nonfunctioning catheters, including omentopexy, catheter repositioning, and omentectomy. We report on our experience with a laparoscopic method of omentectomy and catheter fixation for salvage of nonfunctioning peritoneal dialysis catheters. Patients and Methods: Thirteen patients with nonfunctioning peritoneal dialysis catheters underwent 16 laparoscopic procedures with the intent to restore function. Clinically, all patients presented with outflow obstruction. At initial presentation, all patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy and a definitive procedure. In 12 patients, catheters were enveloped by omentum, and we performed laparoscopic omentectomy and catheter fixation to the anterior pelvic wall. In one patient, we identified a broken catheter and performed a laparoscopic omentectomy at the time of ...
Reconsidering the Teacher Education Reform Debate: A Commentary on Cochran-Smith and Fries:

In the November 2001 issue of Educational Researcher, Marilyn Cochran-Smith and Mary Kim Fries provided a penetrating analysis of the discourse that comprises the debate between those who advocate highly professionalized teacher preparation and those who seek simpler and more abundant routes to teacher training and certification. This commentary extends the Cochran-Smith and Fries analysis in several directions, inquiring into the democratic and anti-democratic features of the debate between those who would further professionalize teaching and those who would deregulate it. Among the matters probed here are the importance of thoughtful opposition, how and where on the political landscape that opposition is resolved, and who is engaged in the resolution.
In Vitro Production of β;-Hydroxybutyrate from 1,3-Butanediof by Bovine Liver, Rumen Mucosa, and Kidney

Abstract A model ketosis can be produced in dairy cows by restricting feed intake plus feeding 1,3-butanediol. Increases in D-β;-hydroxybutyrate in blood result from metabolism of the 1,3-butanediol, but the site of metabolism has not been established. In vitro production of D-β;-hydroxybutyrate from butyrate and from isomers of 1,3-butanediol was measured in bovine liver, rumen papillae, and kidney cortex, all obtained at slaughter from nonlactating, nonpregnant Holstein cows. Production of D-β;-hydroxybutyrate from butyrate by the tissues was greatest for liver and rumen and much less for kidney. Only liver, however, produced appreciable amounts of D-β;-hydroxybutyrate from R-, S-, or RS-1,3-butanediol, and rates were maximal at substrate concentrations of 5m M . Production of D-β;-hydroxybutyrate from R-1,3-butanediol by liver was greater than from S-1,3-butanediol. In vitro rates of production of D-β;-hydroxybutyrate were consistent with liver being the primary tissue involved in the metabolism of 1,3-butanediol, and capacity of the liver probably is sufficient to account for metabolism of 1,3-butanediol when 1kg is fed daily to dairy cows.
The properties of detergent solutions. I. Molecular weights determined by light-scattering measurements

Abstract It is pointed out that all published results to date for light-scattering experiments on detergent solutions have been interpreted by a method which implicitly treats these solutions as being nonelectrolytes. Reasons are presented for believing that the molecular weight or degree of association is best determined by experiments in which a large excess of neutral salt is added to the detergent solution.
A soluble model in field theory - I

Examining a model presented earlier we performed a calculation of unstable particle production and decay without separating these two processes. The usual separation of production and decay is seen to be valid for a timet, such that\(\frac{\hbar }{{\mu _3 c^2 }} \ll t \ll 2\tau ln 2\pi \tau t^2 Q^3 \), whereQ is the energy above threshold for unstable particle production andτ is the lifetime. When the above conditions are valid the unstable states possess a simple enough time development to be characterized with a particle label. Our model also predicts bound state production for suitable cut-off functions. The Nishijima-Zimmermann formalism for handling bound states in conjunction with dispersion relations reproduces direct calculations.
Approach to lipoprotein management in 2001 National Cholesterol Guidelines

In 2001 the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) released its Adult Treatment Panel (ATP) III report. This was an evidence-based report that upgraded cholesterol management guidelines. The update was made possible by a series of large, cholesterol-lowering clinical trials. These trials demonstrated strongly the efficacy and safety of cholesterol reduction in both primary and secondary prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD). The major recommendations of the report were several. Low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol continued to be identified as the major target of cholesterol-lowering therapy. However, more emphasis was given to HDL cholesterol and triglycerides as important targets for management. The concept of CHD risk equivalents was introduced. A CHD risk equivalent represents an absolute risk for future CHD events equal to that in persons with established CHD. Diabetes was identified as a CHD risk equivalent, requiring more intensive LDL-lowering therapy. Finally, the report placed more emphasis on the metabolic syndrome as a major, multiplex risk factor requiring increased clinical attention.
Influence of active dendritic currents on input-output processing in spinal motoneurons in vivo.

The extensive dendritic tree of the adult spinal motoneuron generates a powerful persistent inward current (PIC). We investigated how this dendritic PIC influenced conversion of synaptic input to r...
On continuous functions with graphs of σ-finite linear measure

In this paper comparisons are made between the class of continuous functions of generalized bounded variation and the class of continuous functions with graphs having σ-finite length i.e. linear measure. An investigationof the differentiability and approximate differentiability of such functions discloses the fact that the latter class is considerably more extensivethan the former one. The following definitions will be needed:(1) A function f is said to be of bounded variation (VB) on a set E ifwhere the supremum is taken over all sequences {[ai, bi]} of non-overlapping intervals with endpoints in E.
Discussion of “Supercooling and crystallization”

The writer would like to present some data obtained during the spring of 1948 on observations of the spontaneous freezing temperatures of supercooled water drops. The apparatus used consisted of a thermally controlled chamber at atmospheric pressure. The drops of distilled water were suspended from paraffin-coated Wollaston wire or glass fiber after the technique of Houghton [1933]. The temperature of the drops was measured using a thermocouple located one centimeter below the drop. Theory [Houghton, 1933] and test showed that when the ambient relative humidity (the relative humidity of the surrounding air at a great enough distance from the drop so as to be uneffected by the evaporation from the drop) is at saturation, the ambient and drop temperature are the same. In experiments with supercooled water drops under isothermal ambient conditions, some evaporation of the drop occurs. This is explained by the fact that the drop has a vapor pressure saturated in respect to its own water surface while the chamber is saturated in respect to ice particles on its walls. This results in the chamber being slightly unsaturated in respect to the vapor pressure of the drop. The question immediately arises as to the validity of the temperature measurements of the drop using the ambient temperature when the ambient temperature is changing. Experimental evidence indicates that the surface temperature of a drop in the range of radii used (150 to 1700 microns) follows the changes in the ambient temperature and relative humidity so closely that the total error in measuring the surface temperature of the drop by means of the ambient temperature is believed to be not in excess on one degree C. The direction of the error is such that the drop is colder than indicated by the ambient temperature.
Enhancing Materials Research Through Innovative 3D Environments and Interactive Manuals for Data Visualization and Analysis

Spatial intelligence plays an important role in the success of nanoscience students specific to their visual ability to perceive structures in three dimensions. The NSF-funded IDEAS project makes use of a unique interactive 3D visualization system, based on immersive environment technology, for research and learning in Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) at UC Merced. In order to determine the effectiveness of the immersive system on nanoscience learning, a pilot project was conducted with undergraduate students, which showed the success of immersive systems in the science learning process. Overall, the immersive environment provided complete control in the construction and analysis of carbon-based nanostructure models. Results also showed the 3D visualization system benefited students with low spatial abilities. To facilitate a better understanding of the structure and properties of nanostructures, the IDEAS project has recently been expanded to allow accelerated simulations for materials research. It is important to integrate these new applications into undergraduate level courses in order to strengthen materials science education, recruit and retain future students, and to adapt modern technologies for future materials science educators. The expansion of the IDEAS project relies on the flexibility of this system to serve as a research tool as well as an innovative resource for science education. To adapt the 3D visualization and computing system and help engage students early in engineering research, our research group gathered practical technical documentation geared towards education of science users, based on both Cognitive Science and MSE Education (MSE-Ed) research. The work presented here involves developing educational resources through the design of audio-visual manuals for effective nanoscience learning. The manuals are being created using commercial software to produce interactive electronic books (ebooks). During the planning of the audio-visual manuals, we discovered that it is imperative to provide adequate educational tools as well as efficient guiding principles for the large number of visual, inductive, and active learners in general engineering education. This interdisciplinary project combines fundamental concepts from materials science and cognitive science, particularly project-based learning and active processing, while considering the concepts of overloading, and the unreliability of natural language, among other topics. This investigation will serve society by enhancing materials science research and education, as well as influencing engineering, chemistry, computer science and cognitive science fields, among others.
Stage-specific accumulation of the terminal differentiation factor LIN-29 during Caenorhabditis elegans development

The Caenorhabditis elegans gene lin-29 is required for the terminal differentiation of the lateral hypodermal seam cells during the larval-to-adult molt. We find that lin-29 protein accumulates in the nuclei of these cells, consistent with its predicted role as a zinc finger transcription factor. The earliest detectable LIN-29 accumulation in seam cell nuclei is during the last larval stage (L4), following the final seam cell division, which occurs during the L3-to-L4 molt. LIN-29 accumulates in all hypodermal nuclei during the L4 stage. The time of LIN-29 appearance in the hypodermis is controlled by the heterochronic gene pathway: LIN-29 accumulates in the hypodermis abnormally early, during the third larval stage, in loss-of-function lin-14, lin-28 and lin-42 mutants, and fails to accumulate in hypodermis of lin-4 mutants. LIN-29 also accumulates stage-specifically in the nuclei of a variety of non-hypodermal cells during development. Its accumulation is dependent upon the upstream heterochronic genes in some, but not all, of these non-hypodermal cells.
Spectral-domain analysis of shielded microstrip lines on biaxially anisotropic substrates

The spectral-domain technique is extended to the study of shielded microstrip lines on biaxial substrates. The analysis simultaneously includes dielectric and magnetic anisotropy effects. A fourth-order formulation leads to the determination of the appropriate Green's function for the structure. The characteristic equation is formed through the application of the Galerkin method to the equations resulting from the boundary conditions on the strip. Numerical results calculated by this method for isotropic as well as dielectrically anisotropic substrates are compared with the existing data, and in both cases a very good agreement is observed. New data on the propagation constant of the shielded microstrip with different substrate permittivities and permeabilities are presented to illustrate the effects of the material parameters on the characteristics of the microstrip line. >
Prevention of Infection Due to Pneumocystis spp. in Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Negative Immunocompromised Patients

Pneumocystis infection in humans was originally described in 1942. The organism was initially thought to be a protozoan, but more recent data suggest that it is more closely related to the fungi. Patients with cellular immune deficiencies are at risk for the development of symptomatic Pneumocystis infection. Populations at risk also include patients with hematologic and nonhematologic malignancies, hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients, solid-organ recipients, and patients receiving immunosuppressive therapies for connective tissue disorders and vasculitides. Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is the agent of choice for prophylaxis against Pneumocystis unless a clear contraindication is identified. Other options include pentamidine, dapsone, dapsone-pyrimethamine, and atovaquone. The risk for PCP varies based on individual immune defects, regional differences, and immunosuppressive regimens. Prophylactic strategies must be linked to an ongoing assessment of the patient's risk for disease.
Non-Encapsulated Microsectioning as a Construction and Failure Analysis Technique

Non-encapsulated microsectioning is a procedure for cross sectioning LSI and VLSI electronic devices without encasing them in a mounting compound. This technique is faster, simpler, and more flexible than encapsulated methods, yet it provides the precision necessary to microsection these small devices. This cross-sectioning process is useful in construction analysis for measuring the dimensions of device structures. The precision of this method also allows the cross sectioning of defects in device structures during failure analysis.
Atrial tachycardia with slow pathway conduction mimicking typical atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia

A 68-year-old woman with palpitations underwent electrophysiologic testing. During burst atrial pacing the PR interval exceeded the RR interval and induced a supraventricular tachycardia consistent with a typical AV nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT). Radiofrequency ablation of the slow pathway during the tachycardia immediately produced 2 : 1 AV conduction. After slow AV nodal pathway ablation an atrial tachycardia (AT) remained inducible with the earliest atrial activation around the HB region. Radiofrequency ablation at the site of earliest atrial activation interrupted the AT without AV block. AT originating from the HB region with slow pathway conduction may mimic typical AVNRT.
Assessment of Sustainability for Transportation Vehicles

Traditional urban planning ignores vehicle technology, including the large differences between conventional-, hybrid-, and alternative-fuel vehicles and buses. This study develops an assessment framework that has its foundations in the overarching principle of sustainability. The framework is composed of five sustainability dimensions: environment, technology, energy, economy, and users. From these dimensions, a set of indicators was developed for assessing the sustainability performance of five urban transportation vehicles. The indicators are based on vehicle life-cycle impacts and measure individual vehicle features that contribute to maximizing sustainability. The assessment reveals that the hybrid diesel-electric bus and the hybrid electric vehicle have the highest scores. Performance indices by vehicle type provide the basis for a sustainability tool. The tool was applied to a corridor in Honolulu, Hawaii, to assess the sustainability performance of three scenarios for mode share. Results show that ...
The role of Klotho in energy metabolism

A disproportionate expansion of white adipose tissue and abnormal recruitment of adipogenic precursor cells can not only lead to obesity but also impair glucose metabolism, which are both common causes of insulin resistance and diabetes mellitus. The development of novel and effective therapeutic strategies to slow the progression of obesity, diabetes mellitus and their associated complications will require improved understanding of adipogenesis and glucose metabolism. Klotho might have a role in adipocyte maturation and systemic glucose metabolism. Klotho increases adipocyte differentiation in vitro, and mice that lack Klotho activity are lean owing to reduced white adipose tissue accumulation; moreover, mice that lack the Kl gene (which encodes Klotho) are resistant to obesity induced by a high-fat diet. Knockout of Kl in leptin-deficient Lep(ob/ob) mice reduces obesity and increases insulin sensitivity, which lowers blood glucose levels. Energy metabolism might also be influenced by Klotho. However, further studies are needed to explore the possibility that Klotho could be a novel therapeutic target to reduce obesity and related complications, and to determine whether and how Klotho might influence the regulation and function of a related protein, β-Klotho, which is also involved in energy metabolism.
A cross‐national relationship between sugar consumption and major depression?

We have preliminarily investigated the hypothesis that sugar consumption may impact the prevalence of major depression by correlating per capita consumption of sugar with the prevalence of major depression. Major depression prevalence data (annual rate/100) was obtained from the Cross-National Epidemiology of Major Depression and Bipolar Disorder study [Weissman et al., 1996]. Sugar consumption data from 1991 was obtained from the Food and Agricultural Organization of the United Nations. For the primary analysis, sugar consumption rates (cal/cap/day) were correlated with the annual rate of major depression, using the Pearson correlation coefficient. For the six countries with available data for the primary analysis, there was a highly significant correlation between sugar consumption and the annual rate of depression (Pearson correlation 0.948, P=0.004). Naturally, a correlation does not necessarily imply etiology. Caveats such as the limited number of countries with available data must be considered. Although speculative, there are some mechanistic reasons to consider that sugar consumption may directly impact the prevalence of major depression. Possible relationships between sugar consumption, beta-endorphins, and oxidative stress are discussed.
Corrosion of Ceramics in Aqueous Hydrofluoric Acid

A variety of commercially available ceramic-based oxides, carbides, nitrides, and borides were evaluated for chemical attack in an azeotropic aqueous hydrofluoric acid (HF) test protocol at 90°C. Weight change measurements and microstructure analysis showed that HF corrosion in polycrystalline ceramics generally occurred at grain boundaries by the dissolution of grain boundary phases although the bulk single crystal may inherently resist attack. Virtually all commercially prepared polycrystalline oxide ceramics (i.e., Al2O3, TiO2, ZrO2) and nonoxide ceramics (i.e., Si3N4, AlN, BN) were extensively corroded while polycrystalline pure carbides (i.e., SiC, TiC, B4C, WC) resisted corrosion. Equilibrium thermodynamic calculations show that these materials are soluble in HF; however, the kinetics of dissolution are slow enough in some cases to permit useful engineering lifetimes.
Size-fractionated iron concentrations in the water column of the western North Atlantic Ocean

We used an improved adsorptive cathodic stripping square-wave voltametry method to determine vertical profiles of three operationally defined fractions of iron in the western North Atlantic Ocean. “Dissolved Fe” ( 0.4-pm fraction) increased from 0.1 nM in the surface water to 1.3 nM at depths below 1,000 m. Our results suggest the need to consider the temporal variation of iron and its size fractions in seawater if we are to understand the influence of iron on phytoplankton production in the ocean.
Single-cell analysis of endothelial morphogenesis in vivo

Vessel formation has been extensively studied at the tissue level, but the difficulty in imaging the endothelium with cellular resolution has hampered study of the morphogenesis and behavior of endothelial cells (ECs) in vivo. We are using endothelial-specific transgenes and high-resolution imaging to examine single ECs in zebrafish. By generating mosaics with transgenes that simultaneously mark endothelial nuclei and membranes we are able to definitively identify and study the morphology and behavior of individual ECs during vessel sprouting and lumen formation. Using these methods, we show that developing trunk vessels are composed of ECs of varying morphology, and that single-cell analysis can be used to quantitate alterations in morphology and dynamics in ECs that are defective in proper guidance and patterning. Finally, we use single-cell analysis of intersegmental vessels undergoing lumen formation to demonstrate the coexistence of seamless transcellular lumens and single or multicellular enclosed lumens with autocellular or intercellular junctions, suggesting that heterogeneous mechanisms contribute to vascular lumen formation in vivo. The tools that we have developed for single EC analysis should facilitate further rigorous qualitative and quantitative analysis of EC morphology and behavior in vivo.
HOPE: hotspot congestion control for Clos network on chip

Hotspot congestion control is one of the most challenging issues when designing a high-throughput low-latency network on the chip (NOC). When a destination node is overloaded, it starts pushing back the packets destined for it, which in turns blocks the packets destined for other nodes. How to detect the occurrence(s) of hotspot and notify all source nodes to regulate their traffic to the hotspot node(s) can be quite complex because of potentially high volume of information to be collected and the non-negligible latency between the detection point of congestion and the source nodes. In this paper, we propose an effective end-to-end flow control scheme, called HOPE (HOtspot PrEvention), to resolve the hotspot congestion problem for the Clos network on the chip (CNOC). Specifically, HOPE regulates the injected traffic rate proactively by estimating the number of packets inside the switch network destined for each destination and applying a simple stop-and-go protocol to prevent hotspot traffic from jamming the internal links of the network. We evaluate HOPE's overall performance and the required hardware. Extensive simulation results based on both static and dynamic hotspot traffic patterns confirm that HOPE can effectively regulate hotspot flows and improve system performance. Our hardware analysis shows that HOPE has very small logic overhead.
Waiting with purpose: A reliable but small association between purpose in life and impulsivity

Purpose in life contributes to health and wellbeing. We examine the link between purpose and behavioral impulsivity that may account for these benefits. In a community sample of 503 adults, we found a small yet reliable positive association between purpose and valuing future rewards on a delayed discounting task, a behavioral index of impulsivity. This bootstrapped correlation remained after accounting for Big-5 personality traits, positive affect, and demographic characteristics, suggesting a unique and robust link between purpose and impulsivity (r = .1). We interpret this connection as evidence that purpose enables a broader life view, which serves to inhibit impulsive distractions.
Heterogeneous Trade Costs of Trade Barriers

Economists have argued that rich and poor countries face asymmetric trade costs. In this short note, we propose a simple trade cost function to model trade cost asymmetry at the trade barrier level. Our trade cost function can greatly improve the performance of the gravity model and shed light on the nature of some important parameters that have been used in applications on cross-country productivity and income differences.
Data informed learning: a next phase data literacy framework for higher education

Accessing, using and managing data is increasingly recognized as an important learning outcome in higher education. Approaches to data literacy have typically been informed by information literacy. New approaches to information literacy have emerged that address how information is used in the different disciplinary contexts in which people learn and work. Successful approaches to data literacy will also need to address contextual concerns. Informed learning is an approach to information literacy that purposefully addresses contextual concerns by suggesting pedagogic strategies for enabling students to use information in ways that support discipline-focused learning outcomes. As part of an ongoing investigation, we advance data informed learning as a framework for data literacy in higher education that emphasizes how data are used to learn and communicate within disciplinary learning contexts. Drawing from informed learning, we outline principles and characteristics of data informed learning, and suggest future directions to investigate ways that data are used in real-world environments.
Transfer of Chemically Modified Graphene with Retention of Functionality for Surface Engineering.

Single-layer graphene chemically reduced by the Birch process delaminates from a Si/SiOx substrate when exposed to an ethanol/water mixture, enabling transfer of chemically functionalized graphene to arbitrary substrates such as metals, dielectrics, and polymers. Unlike in previous reports, the graphene retains hydrogen, methyl, and aryl functional groups during the transfer process. This enables one to functionalize the receiving substrate with the properties of the chemically modified graphene (CMG). For instance, magnetic force microscopy shows that the previously reported magnetic properties of partially hydrogenated graphene remain after transfer. We also transfer hydrogenated graphene from its copper growth substrate to a Si/SiOx wafer and thermally dehydrogenate it to demonstrate a polymer- and etchant-free graphene transfer for potential use in transmission electron microscopy. Finally, we show that the Birch reduction facilitates delamination of CMG by weakening van der Waals forces between graph...
A six-axis micro platform for in situ calibration of MEMS inertial sensors

This paper reports an advanced multi-axis micro actuation and sensing platform for in situ self-calibration of generic MEMS inertial sensors. Compared to previously reported platforms, the device provides the best performance at smallest footprint, with six-axis actuation at low power consumption, off-axis motion compensation, closed-loop capacitive sensing of applied stimulus, integrated interconnects to an inertial sensor load, and increased shock protection. The entire platform is confined to 9×9 mm2.
Lessons from U.S.-Soviet summits

The history of previous summits suggests that Reagan and Gorbachev's November meeting has few of the ingredients for success. Both men's strong domestic positions, however, could give the negotiations firmer footing.
185 BRONCHOALVEOLAR CARCINOMA OF THE LUNG:STACHYBOTRYS NIDUS AS CASUATION BY PCR.

An investigation of a family9s illness included an environmental assessment of the townhouse, confirming a major mold infestation. The airborne spore count was elevated for pathogenic and toxigenic mold species including Stachybotrys chartarum, Aspergillus species, Penicillium species, and Chaetomium. There was a temporal relationship between the 3-year exposure to the mold and the development of symptoms in the family members. Family members exhibited signs and symptoms of mycotoxicosis, recurrent infections, immune dysfunction, CFIDS, toxic leukoencephalopathy, hypersensitivity pneumonitis, reactive airways dysfunction (RADS), and fibromyalgia. They each had elevated serum ELISA tests for aflatoxin, trichothecene, and satratoxin. The hypersensitivity pneumonitis panel had elevated IgG antibodies to the mold found on the environmental testing. Bulk sampling of moldy building materials confirmed levels of 20 mycotoxins from the aflatoxin, trichothecene, and satratoxin groups, positive in microgram per gram material amounts. The family was evacuated from this home. The mother, aged 52, had a high-resolution spiral CT scan of the chest, which showed a 1 cm pulmonary nodule. Because of the pulmonary exposure to carcinogenic mycotoxins, the patient had a fine-needle biopsy of the nodule, showing bronchoalveolar carcinoma. A lobectomy was done, and the nodule was bisected, confirming the presence of bronchoalveolar carcinoma. One section was analyzed by Rainbow Children9s Hospital in Cleveland, OH and was positive for Stachybotrys PCR in the nidus of the nodule. There have been two previous reports of inhaled Aspergillus sp. causing bronchogenic carcinoma. This is the first report of a nidus of Stachybotrys, as measured by PCR, causing the development of bronchoalveolar carcinoma. The surgery was curative at 5-year follow-up, but the patient continued to have symptoms of the above-named complications of mold exposure.
Fiber Bragg grating temperature monitoring system of power cables based on gas characteristic absorption spectrum

A fiber Bragg grating(FBG)temperature sensor with high accuracy and high stability was designed based on the requirement of on-line power cable temperature monitoring. The wavelength drift of FBG has a linear relationship with temperature. The on- line FBG temperature monitoring system was built based on Fabry- Perot(F- P) tunable filter and LabVIEW software,in which the absorption spectrum of C2H2 gas is adopted as real time calibration wavelength of the F-P tunable filter. The wavelength demodulation of the temperature sensor is not affected by external temperature and pressure. The interpolation fitting algorithm is used to realize high precision demodulation of FBG center wavelength,whose precision can be up to ± 5 pm. It means the accuracy of the detection temperature is ±0.2 ℃.
Analysis and Design of Fully Differential Gain-Boosted Opamp

The gain-boosting technology is presented and analyzed. With gain-boosting, a fully differential gain-boosted telescopic cascode opamp is proposaled and designed. The main opamp is a fully differential telescopic opamp and has a switched capacitor CMFB circuit. The boosting opamp is a fully differential folded cascode opamp and has a continuous time CMFB circuit. The opamp is designed in SMIC 0.35 μ mixed-signal CMOS process with 3.3 V power supply and achieved a dc gain of 129 dB with a 161 MHz unity gain frequency.
GDNF as a candidate striatal target-derived neurotrophic factor for the development of substantia nigra dopamine neurons.

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) has been known for many years to protect and restore dopamine neurons of the substantia nigra (SN) in lesion models of parkinsonism, but much less has been known of its normal physiologic role. We have found that GDNF injected into the striatum postnatally suppresses naturally-occurring cell death in SN dopamine neurons, and neutralizing antibodies augments it. Neutralizing antibodies augment cell death during the first phase, which occurs during the first postnatal week, but not during the second phase in the second week. To further explore the possible neurotrophic role of GDNF, we created double transgenic mice which overex-press GDNF exclusively in the target regions of mesencephalic neurons, particularly the striatum. As anticipated for a limiting, target-derived factor, this resulted in an increased surviving number of SN dopamine neurons after the first phase of cell death. However, this increase did not persist into adulthood. We conclude that GDNF is the leading candidate for a target-derived neurotrophic factor for SNdopamine neurons during the first phase of cell death, but that other factors must play an essential role in later development.