cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A multi-scale approach to prioritize wetland restoration for watershed-level water quality improvement

Wetland restoration is commonly presented as an important strategy for maintaining and enhancing the water quality and ecological capital of watershed-scale ecosystems. Prioritizing restoration sites on the landscape is often a haphazard process based on widely held, though often untested, assumptions about relationships between watershed characteristics and water quality. We present a framework to target and prioritize wetland restoration locations using both regional and watershed-level screening models. The regression-tree and random forest models presented in this paper identify watershed variables with the strongest relationships to a given water quality parameter, present a clear hierarchy of variable importance, and present approximate thresholds in watershed area where these variables express the greatest impact on water quality. The proportion of watersheds classified as prior-converted agricultural land was an important predictor of both ortho and total phosphorus. Fortunately because prior-converted agricultural lands were historically wetlands, they are often very suitable for wetland restoration. These sites often have poorly-drained soils requiring artificial drainage to be suitable for agriculture. These drainage systems become conduits for transporting phosphorus from agricultural field and to area streams and rivers. Maintaining natural land-cover within stream buffers is identified as another important predictor of water quality. This seems to be especially true with regard to NO3–NO2 concentrations. Our model results support specific management recommendations including: (a) exclusion of agricultural land-uses from riparian buffers, (b) maintaining or increasing watershed-level wetland-cover and (c) reducing wetland fragmentation.
A pilot study on providing ophthalmic training to medical students while initiating a sustainable eye care effort for the underserved.

Importance We present a method to reintroduce ophthalmic training into the medical school curriculum. Objectives To evaluate knowledge and skills acquired when participating in a service project, the Community Vision Project, and to develop a quantitative method for testing skills with the direct ophthalmoscope in patients. Design Second-year medical students participated in the study. After 1 month, their knowledge was compared with that of peers and graduates (internal medicine residents). Also at 1 month, their direct ophthalmoscope skills were compared with those of upperclassmen who had completed all core clerkships. One year later, after the participants had completed their core clerkships, long-term ophthalmoscope skills retention was tested, and their performance was compared with that of their classmates. Setting and Participants Training occurred in mobile eye clinics. Knowledge and skills assessments were performed in the hospital eye clinic among students and residents at The University of New Mexico School of Medicine. Patients were recruited from the hospital eye clinic. Participants attended a 3-hour training session held by an attending physician in the hospital eye clinic and took part in at least 1 mobile eye clinic. Main Outcomes and Measures A knowledge assessment quiz was administered to participants (n = 12), their classmates (n = 18), and internal medicine residents (n = 33). Skills assessment with the direct ophthalmoscope was performed at 1 month and at 1 year in 5 participants and 5 nonparticipants. Tonometer skills were assessed by comparing participants’ readings with those of an ophthalmologist’s obtained in patients at the mobile eye clinics. Results Participants’ median knowledge assessment scores were 48% higher than those of their classmates and 37% higher than those of internal medicine residents ( P P = .24). Long-term direct ophthalmoscopy median scores were 100% (quartile 1 to quartile 3 range, 75%-100%) for participants and 0% (quartile 1 to quartile 3 range, 0%-25%) for nonparticipating classmates ( P = .11). Participants’ tonometer readings were similar to those of the ophthalmologist’s; their median reading was 2 mm Hg (quartile 1 to quartile 3 range, 0-4 mm Hg) higher than that of the ophthalmologist’s ( P = .05, sign test). Conclusions and Relevance Service-based learning offered an efficient model for incorporating ophthalmic training into the medical school curriculum. A viable tool for quantitatively testing ophthalmoscope skills is presented.
On throughput efficiency of geographic opportunistic routing in multihop wireless networks

Geographic opportunistic routing (GOR) is a new routing concept in multihop wireless networks. In stead of picking one node to forward a packet to, GOR forwards a packet to a set of candidate nodes and one node is selected dynamically as the actual forwarder based on the instantaneous wireless channel condition and node position and availability at the time of transmission. GOR takes advantages of the spatial diversity and broadcast nature of wireless communications and is an efficient mechanism to combat the unreliable links. The existing GOR schemes typically involve as many as available next-hop neighbors into the local opportunistic forwarding, and give the nodes closer to the destination higher relay priorities. In this paper, we focus on realizing GOR's potential in maximizing throughput. We start with an insightful analysis of various factors and their impact on the throughput of GOR, and propose a local metric named expected one-hop throughput (EOT) to balance the tradeoff between the benefit (i.e., packet advancement and transmission reliability) and the cost (i.e., medium time delay). We identify an upper bound of EOT and proof its concavity. Based on the EOT, we also propose a local candidate selection and prioritization algorithm. Simulation results validate our analysis and show that the metric EOT leads to both higher one-hop and path throughput than the corresponding pure GOR and geographic routing.
Progressive Failure Micromechanical Modeling of 3D Woven Composites

An effective materials by design approach has been detailed and exercised to expedite the development and insertion of 3D fabrics and composites in various structural and protective systems. Previous research efforts have identified a family of advanced, 3D woven composite reinforcements which show promise for multiple applications. These multi-layer, integrally woven designs have significantly improved through-thickness properties. The higher through-thickness tensile strengths are a result of additional fibers, oriented in the z-direction, which must be fractured for ultimate failure of the structure. On the other hand, the through thickness shear strengths are strongly dependent on the matrix cracking and yarn-to-yarn interface debonding within the 3D fiber composites. Consequently, properly designed 3D reinforcements can significantly reduce the propagation of delamination commonly induced by severe lateral impact, and thus can greatly enhance the damage tolerance of composite structures. The proposed approach uses computational methods, rather than experimental observations, to generate complex 2D and 3D composite architectures at the filament level using the digital element approach. The fiber filament model is then idealized as a solid yarn model and meshed for finite element analysis using commercial software. Micromechanics analysis was then used to model the progressive failure response of the composites subjected to loading at various quasi-static and dynamic strain rates, with the results validated through experimentation. Analysis of constituent properties and weave architecture was completed and used to make design recommendations for improved material response for composites subjected to ballistic impact. This approach provides a potential for drastically reducing the design cycle time by eliminating the need to fabricate each design architecture, allowing for reduced cost as well as an increase in the design scope over multiple variations in weave pattern.
Post-Mazama River Terraces and Human Occupation Along the North Umpqua River Oregon

A sequence of three post-Mazama terraces, found at intervals along the banks of the North Umpqua River, western Oregon, contains evidence of middle and late Holocene human occupation that has contributed to a construction of a geomorphic history of terrace formation. The evidence suggests that different geomorphic mechanisms were responsible for the development of the three terraces. It also verifies that people were living along the North Umpqua River before the climactic eruption of Mount Mazama and may have returned within a few hundred years after. The highest, Panther Terrace, formed from the glowing ash flow deposits from the Mount Mazama eruption, ca 7600 years B.P. The next lower Illahee Terrace developed through slow aggradation of the gravelly channel bed followed by an episode of rapid deposition of reworked Mazama ash by around 4500 cal. yrs B.P. The lowest Eagle Terrace formed on a possible pre-Mazama strath terrace within the last 2000 years, and was probably abandoned within the past few hundred years. Pollen records from the Cascades suggest a possible climatic stimulus for the development and abandonment of the lower two terraces.
The Future of Psychotherapy for Mentally Ill Children and Adolescents.

Objective: Given striking advances in translational developmental neuroscience and its convergence with developmental psychopathology and developmental epidemiology, it is now clear that mental illnesses are best thought of as neurodevelopmental disorders. This simple fact has enormous implications for the nature and organization of psychotherapy for mentally ill children, adolescents and adults. Method: This article reviews the ‘trajectory’ of psychosocial interventions in pediatric psychiatry, and makes some general predictions about where this field is heading over the next several decades. Results: Driven largely by scientific advances in molecular, cellular and systems neuroscience, psychotherapy in the future will focus less on personal narratives and more on the developing brain. In place of disorders as intervention targets, modularized psychosocial treatment components derived from current cognitive-behavior therapies will target corresponding central nervous system (CNS) information processes and their functional behavioral consequences. Either preventive or rehabilitative, the goal of psychotherapy will be to promote development along typical developmental trajectories. In place of guilds, psychotherapy will be organized professionally much as physical therapy is organized today. As with other forms of increasingly personalized health care, internet-based delivery of psychotherapy will become commonplace. Conclusion: Informed by the new field of translational developmental neuroscience, psychotherapy in the future will take aim at the developing brain in a service delivery model that closely resembles the place and role of psychosocial interventions in the rest of medicine. Getting there will be, as they say, interesting. Keywords: Psychotherapy, CBT, behavior therapy, cognitive therapy, brain development, development, neuroscience, physical therapy, internet, psychopharmacology.
Unraveling the Regulatory Network in Streptococcus pyogenes: the Global Response Regulator CovR Represses rivR Directly

The response regulator CovR acts as a master regulator of virulence in Streptococcus pyogenes by repressing transcription of approximately 15% of the group A streptococcus genome directly or indirectly. We demonstrate that phosphorylated CovR represses transcription of rivR directly by binding to conserved sequences located downstream from the promoter to block procession of RNA polymerase. This establishes the first link in a regulatory network where CovR interacts directly with other proteins that modulate gene expression.
Variant isoforms of CD44 are P- and L-selectin ligands on colon carcinoma cells

SPECIFIC AIMSAccumulating evidence suggests a link between selectin binding activity and metastatic spread in vivo. Therefore, from a molecular perspective, elucidating the specific selectin counte...
More Folic Acid for Everyone, Now

Research during the last 5 years has made it clear that people who do not take folic acid supplements are at increased risk for functional folate deficiency, which has been proven to cause spina bifida and anencephaly and also has been associated with an increased risk for occlusive cardiovascular disease. The overriding folate policy issue is how to increase dramatically the folate consumption of 75% of the population who are not now consuming 0.4 mg of folic acid in a supplement. The most expeditious way to increase consumption is through forfication of a food staple. Public health programs are also needed to educate people about the vital importance of increased consumption of folic acid vitamin supplements and of foods rich in natural folates. It is urgent that fortification of cereal-grain products be implemented now. The level proposed by FDA would accomplish some prevention, but much more prevention would occur if the fortification were 2.5 times that level. Fortification at the higher level would prevent about 1000 spina bifida and anencephaly birth defects each year and perhaps as many as 50,000 premature deaths each year from coronary disease. Available data have not demonstrated that increasing consumption of folic acid by 0.1 to 0.25 mg of folic acid a day is harmful. If a policy needs to be established on the assumption that people who take vitamin supplements could be harmed, a good policy option is available : require that all folic acid vitamin supplements also contain 0.4 mg of vitamin B-12.
Pilot study of local hyperthermia, radiation therapy, etanidazole, and cisplatin for advanced superficial tumours

Five patients (six hyperthermia sites) with advanced superficial tumours were treated with combined etanidazole, cisplatin, local hyperthermia, and radiation therapy as part of a Phase I pilot study. Treatment was given once weekly and consisted of etanidazole 3 gm/m2 IV bolus, cisplatin 50 mg/m2 IV bolus, hyperthermia for 60 min with a target temperature of 43°C, and radiation therapy 500 cGy/fraction (median total dose 3000 cGy) for a total of six weeks. Blood levels of etanidazole were taken during treatment at week 1 and week 4. Etanidazole drug exposure was calculated using the trapezoidal rule and expressed as the area under the curve (AUC) of plasma concentration X time. Five of six treatment sites had received prior irradiation. Prior chemotherapy had been given in three patients and tamoxifen therapy given in the other two patients. The median follow-up time is 34 months; 3/5 patients have died of disease. The most significant toxicity was grade I or II nausea and vomiting associated with 19/32 t...
Splicing graphs and EST assembly problem.

Motivation: The traditional approach to annotate alternative splicing is to investigate every splicing variant of the gene in a case-by-case fashion. This approach, while useful, has some serious shortcomings. Recent studies indicate that alternative splicing is more frequent than previously thought and some genes may produce tens of thousands of different transcripts. A list of alternatively spliced variants for such genes would be difficult to build and hard to analyse. Moreover, such a list does not show the relationships between different transcripts and does not show the overall structure of all transcripts. A better approach would be to represent all splicing variants for a given gene in a way that captures the relationships between different splicing variants. Results: We introduce the notion of the splicing graph that is a natural and convenient representation of all splicing variants. The key difference with the existing approaches is that we abandon the linear (sequence) representation of each transcript and replace it with a graph representation where each transcript corresponds to a path in the graph. We further design an algorithm to assemble EST reads into the splicing graph rather than assembling them into each splicing variant in a case-by-case fashion. Availability:
Autonomous cooperation of heterogeneous platforms for sea-based search tasks

Many current methods of search using autonomous marine vehicles do not adapt to changes in mission objectives or the environment. A cellular-decomposition-based framework for cooperative, adaptive search is proposed that allows multiple search platforms to adapt to changes in both mission objectives and environmental parameters. Software modules for the autonomy framework MOOS-IvP are described that implement this framework. Simulated and experimental results show that it is feasible to combine both pre-planned and adaptive behaviors to effectively search a target area.
THE RESTORATION OF OVULATORY CYCLES AND CORPUS LUTEUM FORMATION IN PERSISTENT-ESTROUS RATS BY PROGESTERONE

IT is WELL RECOGNIZED that the hormone of the corpus luteum tends to inhibit ovulation when formed in large quantities or when experimentally introduced in sufficient amounts. In the rat an inhibitory level of luteal activity usually makes itself evident only after copulation or artificial stimulation of the cervix uteri. The corpora lutea of ovulation in the ordinary cycle are usually said to be of little functional significance in this respect. Certain authors (I, 2) have reported indefinite postponement of estrus in the adult rat during the daily administration of crystalline progesterone in quantities between 1.5 mg. and 4.0 mg. Daily doses of 1.0 mg. or less of the crystalline hormone apparently have little effect on the estrous rhythm (2), so that these amounts may be considered to be subinhibitory in the adult rat.
Coccidia in the Mammary glands of shrews (Order: Insectivora)

Three of 6 female long-clawed shrews, Sorex unguiculatus Dobson, 1890, collected on the island of Hokkaido, Japan, were found to have unsporulated oocysts and sexual stages (both macro- and microgamonts) in varying stages of development of an unidentified coccidium in both lactating and nonlactating mammary glands. Gamonts developed in the alveoli of the mammary glands, and oocysts were found in the lactiferous ducts and in pools of milk. Mature macrogamonts were 11.9 × 15.2 μm (10–14 × 14–20 μm), whereas completely developed microgamonts with many gametes were 14.8 × 16.8 μm (10–18 × 13–20 μm). Oocysts in tissue sections were 19.5 × 13.8 μm and had a smooth outer wall that was <1 μm thick. Little histopathology was associated with the infections. Infected cells were enlarged and appeared cloudy, and in some areas there was leucocytic infiltration by macrophages, small and large lymphocytes, neutrophils, and eosinophils. No basophil was seen. We also found sections of a nematode, probably a Mammanidula sp...
The New Shape of EC

The journal Eukaryotic Cell has served the eukaryotic microbiology community since 2002. It will continue to do so as it merges into the new broad-scope open-access journal mSphere in 2016.
Rapid quantitative measurement of lung tissue phospholipids

A rapid procedure for the separation of phospholipids of lung tissue into acidic and nonacidic fractions by means of diethylaminoethyl cellulose acetate microcolumns is described. The fractions are then resolved into individual phospholipids by thin-layer chromatography and quantified by transmission densitometry.
Is China the New Japan

Twenty five years after a major financial crisis Japan has lost its once glorified status as an economic and financial superpower, a condition with meaning for China, its Asian successor.
Review of Religion and Public Life: The Legacy of Monsignor John a. Ryan, Edited by Robert G. Kennedy, Mary Christine Athans, Bernard V. Brady, William C. Mcdonough, and Michael J. Naughton

This essay reviews Religion and Public Life: The Legacy of Monsignor John A. Ryan, edited by Robert G. Kennedy, Mary Christine Athans, Bernard V. Brady, William C. McDonough, and Michael J. Naughton.
Abstract T MP29: Impaired Vasodilatory Reserve on Acetazolamide-Challenged 99tc-hmpao-Spect is a Strong Predictor of Stroke Recurrence in Patients With Severe Steno-Occlusive Disease of Intracranial Carotid or Middle Cerebral Artery

Background: Intracranial stenosis carries an increased risk for cerebrovascular ischemia. In severe stenosis, cerebral autoregulation may be impaired due to inadequate cerebral vasodilatory reserve (CVR) & intracranial steal phenomenon (reversed-Robin Hood syndrome-RRHS). Identification of patients with inadequate CVR and RRHS may help in identifying high-risk patients. Methods: In this prospective study, we included patients with symptomatic and severe stenosis of intracranial carotid (ICA) & middle cerebral artery (MCA). CVR was evaluated with transcranial Doppler (TCD) and breath-holding index (BHI) Results: 126 patients (80 male, mean age 56yrs; range 23-78yrs) fulfilled our TCD criteria for inadequate CVR. HMPAO-SPECT showed impaired CVR in 84 (67%) patients. RRHS noted on TCD in 38 (45%) patients (median steal magnitude 14%; inter-quartile range, IQR 10) was confirmed by acetazolamide-challenged HMPAO-SPECT (median perfusion deficit 8%; IQR 13%) in 35 (92%) cases (sensitivity 82%, specificity 96% with positive predictive value 96%). A strong relationship between RRHS on TCD and SPECT was noted on ROC curve analysis (area under curve 0.93; 95% confidence interval 0.87-0.98;p Conclusions: Among patients with severe intracranial stenosis, intracranial steal phenomenon is associated with high risk of cerebral ischemic events. Acetazolamide-challenged HMPAO-SPECT is reliable in the quantification of vasodilatory reserve for selecting a target group of patients for possible revascularization.
Small Signal Gain Measurement of Cr-Doped LiSAF and LiCAF

Small-signal gain characteristics of flashlamp pumped Cr-doped Cr:LiSAF and Cr:LiCAF are reported for the first time for a range of material parameters.
The Vertical Structure of Tropospheric Water Vapor: Comparing Radiative and Ocean-Driven Climate Changes

AbstractChanges in column-integrated water vapor (Q) in response to increased CO2 and ocean heat uptake (OHU) are investigated in slab-ocean aquaplanet simulations. The simulations span a wide range of warming and moistening patterns due to the spatial structures of the imposed OHU. Fractional changes in Q per degree of surface warming range from 0% to 20% K−1 locally and from 3.6% to 11% K−1 globally. A new diagnostic technique decomposes these changes into relative humidity (RH), surface temperature, and lapse rate contributions. Single-column calculations demonstrate substantial departures from apparent (surface temperature based) Clausius–Clapeyron (CC) scaling due to lapse rates changes; a moist-adiabatic column with fixed, uniform RH exceeds the CC rate by 2.5% K−1. The RH contribution is very small in most simulations. The various Q scalings are thus all consistent CC, but result from different patterns of polar amplification and lapse rate change. Lapse rates are sensitive to location and magnitud...
Diblock Copolymer Grafted Particles as Compatibilizers for Immiscible Binary Homopolymer Blends

Using coarse-grained molecular simulations we study AB diblock copolymer grafted particles (DBCGPs) as compatibilizers in an immiscible blend of A and B homopolymers. The fraction of the A block in the graft, fA, tunes the location of the DBCGPs within the blend. When fA = 0.25, the DBCGPs preferentially localize in the B domain of the blend, and when fA = 0.5 and 0.75, the DBCGPs localize at/near the interface of the A and B domains, adopting conformations that segregate the A and B segments of the grafts into chemically identical domains of the blend. The desorption energy to leave the interface and the drop in interfacial tension are larger for the DBCGP than ungrafted diblock copolymers, commonly used as compatibilizers. Additionally, the comparable reduction in interfacial tension of DBCGPs as Janus-homopolymer grafted particles, along with the easier synthesis routes of DBCGP, makes DBCGP an attractive alternative class of compatibilizers for polymer blends.
Stereo- and Regioselective Synthesis of 2-Amino-3,5-diols via Stereospecific Crotyl Transfer and Regioselective Aminohydroxylation

A short synthesis of 2-amino-3,5-diols is described, including the all- S isomer enigmol, a synthetic anticancer compound inspired by the structure of fumonisin B 1 . The synthetic route features 1) stereospecific crotyl transfer to tetradecanal via pericyclic oxonia-Cope rearrangement; 2) stereoselective epoxidation of the alkene; 3) regioselective epoxide opening with azide; and 4) reduction of azide to amine. This manuscript also corrects a structure assignment error in a previously reported synthesis of one of the diastereomers of enigmol.
Numerical Simulation for the Reduction of High Temperature Corrosion in Boiler of 660MW Supercritical Unit

High temperature corrosion is one of the main causes of boiler tube explosions.Using a CFD software FLUENT,an Eulerian/Lagrangian approach was employed to investigate numerically the flow field,heat transfer and combustion process in a tangentially fired furnace of 660 MW pulverized coal boiler.The result shows that the concentration of CO is high around the water wall.It is easy to cause high temperature corrosion.A comparison of the calculation and experimental data shows that the numerical simulation can be predicted accurately.
Vibration Fatigue Analysis of Plane Inlet Channel under Noise Environment

Failures usually appeared in inlet channel of certain plane such as skin cracking,rivet loosing and rivet head broking,which are becoming incipient fault of flight safety.Research results showed that the failure is structure vibration fatigue damage caused by pulsating noise pressure in intense noise environment.Application of damping layer can lower the influence of intense noise on skin and rivet.Ground experiment results of engine showed that application of the damping layer has lowered vibration level of the inlet channel skin obviously.
The prevalence rate of chronic occupational poisoning in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region from 2007-2011

[Objective]To investigate the characteristics of chronic occupational poisoning in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region,provide the basis for the control of occupational poisoning.[Methods]The chronic occupational poisoning patients who were diagnosed from 2007-2011 were collected to analyze the type of occupational poisoning,age,length of service and economic type.[Results]Among 213 cases of chronic occupational poisoning,there were 184(86.38%) cases of lead and lead compounds poisoning,27(12.68%) cases of mercury and its compounds poisoning and 2(0.94%) cases of benzene poisoning.69.5% of chronic occupational poisoning patients were people under 40 years old,and the average age was(36.99 ± 8.27) years old.The average exposure age of patients was(2.76 ± 3.52) years,and 75.6% of patients got the disease within 3 years.The prevalence rate of non-public enterprises was higher than that of state-owned and collective enterprises(χ2 = 113.32,P 0.01),and the exposure age decreased(t = 3.79,P 0.01).[Conclusion]Lead and its compounds poisoning is still the major hazard.The workers aged 20-40 years old and with the exposure age of 1.0-3.0 years are the key population of health monitoring.The occupational health work in non-public enterprises should be strengthened.
Six-month survival of critically ill patients with HIV-related disease and tuberculosis: a retrospective study

Tuberculosis is one of the leading causes of death from infectious diseases worldwide, mainly after the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) epidemics. Patient with HIV-related illness are more likely to present with severe TB due to immunosuppression. Very few studies have explored HIV/TB co-infection in critically ill patients. The goal of this study was to analyze factors associated with long-term mortality in critically ill patient with HIV-related disease coinfected with TB.
Introduction to Part 2

ABSTRACT Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most challenging neurodevelopmental disorders of our era. Currently the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reports that the prevalence continues to rise with the current estimate at 1 in 54 children in the United States. Over the last two decades research on ASD has increased, particularly in areas focusing on physiological disruptions such as mitochondrial and redox metabolism abnormalities, immune system dysfunction and environmental health, although research focusing on genetics and behavior still predominate the field. Drug treatment trials have provided few “home runs” and many failures. A series of two issues of Seminars in Pediatric Neurology provide articles representing the cutting edge of research and clinical care for children with ASD. The first issue contained three articles on Advances in Diagnostic Methodology and three articles on Cutting Edge Method for Studying Outcomes. The second issue contains two articles on Advances in Early Screening and Diagnosis on the Front Lines and seven articles on Novel and Cutting-Edge Therapies. The two issues will provide significant insight into new and exciting developments in the field as well as provide a framework for understanding the challenges ahead.
Slowed decomposition in ectomycorrhizal ecosystems is independent of plant chemistry

Ecosystems dominated by plants in symbiosis with ectomycorrhizal fungi store more carbon in soils. There is increasing evidence that this may be due to competition between primary producers and microbial decomposers for soil nitrogen, mediated by ectomycorrhizal fungi. This competitive interaction inhibits decomposition and increases soil carbon storage. However, other work suggests elevated carbon storage is due to recalcitrant plant tissue chemistry in ectomycorrhizal ecosystems, rather than ectomycorrhizal competition for soil nitrogen. These two frameworks make similar predictions for soil carbon storage, making them difficult to distinguish empirically. Here I argue that the ectomycorrhizal-recalcitrance hypothesis is not well supported by recent developments in the understanding of soil carbon chemistry, or evolutionary relationships among ectomycorrhizal plants. Therefore, differences in input chemistry are not sufficient to discount alternative mechanisms of carbon stabilization in ectomycorrhizal ecosystems. Future work on EM-specific stabilization of soil C should focus on alternative mechanisms including competition for N, direct antagonistic interactions, and other microbial community driven mechanisms.
Mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones: A novel class of insecticides inhibiting nicotinic acetylcholine receptors

A novel class of mesoionic pyrido[1,2-a]pyrimidinones has been discovered with exceptional insecticidal activity controlling a number of insect species, particularly hemiptera and lepidoptera. Mode-of-action studies showed that they act on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) primarily as inhibitors. Here we report the discovery, evolution, and preparation of this class of chemistry. Our efforts in structure–activity relationship elucidation and biological activity evaluation are also presented.
Distance is associated with mortality on the waitlist in pediatric liver transplantation.

The distance to liver transplant centers affects outcomes in adult liver transplantation. Because pediatric patients are particularly vulnerable, we hypothesized that distance adversely affects the time to transplantation and waitlist mortality. The SRTR was queried for isolated pediatric liver transplant registrants (under age 18) with valid ZIP code information from 2003 to 2012. Distance was measured from home ZIP code to listing transplant center. Competing events analysis, adjusted for demographic factors, indication, and PELD, was undertaken for transplantation and death while on the waitlist. The median distance to listing transplant center for 6924 children was 65 (IQR 17.5-189) miles. Median distance traveled increased by listing volume (73.9 vs 33.8 miles, highest vs lowest volume quartile, P<.001 for trend) and varied across the country. Longer distance was not associated with time to transplantation (HR 0.99, longest vs shortest distance quartile, P=.80), but was associated with increased mortality (HR 1.75, P<.001). Larger centers attract patients from a distance, while smaller centers serve local populations. Increasing distance is associated with a higher risk of waitlist death, which may reflect decreased access to specialist and tertiary care associated with a transplant center.
Lateral-torsional buckling of butterfly-shaped beams with rectangular cross section

Abstract This paper analyzes lateral-torsional buckling (LTB) of elastic beams with rectangular cross section having constant thickness, and depth symmetric with respect to the midpoint and tapered linearly in each half with smallest depth at the midpoint. This type of butterfly-shaped beam is used as a shear link in steel plates that serve as structural fuses to reduce the seismic response of buildings. LTB has been observed in previous quasi-static tests and found to be a critical limit state. The ends of the beam are prevented from twisting and can be assumed to be pinned with respect to bending in the weak direction. Numerical results are obtained for LTB of butterfly-shaped beams with the use of a shooting method assuming uniform torsion. Pure bending, reversed moments, and end moments with unequal magnitudes are investigated first. A compressive load is included next, and interaction curves for combinations of critical moment (squared) versus axial load are determined. Finally, the effect of in-plane shear deformation on LTB is examined. Plots showing the influence of various parameters are presented, along with some analytical approximations for the critical moment in terms of geometric and material quantities.
Social Recognition in Anurans

Learning to recognize and categorize other individuals is a cornerstone of animal social behavior. By learning about individually distinctive signal properties, receivers can perceptually discriminate among conspecifics to direct appropriate behaviors toward particular individuals. One context for social recognition arises from contests over territories. In many species, territory residents exhibit reduced levels of aggression toward nearby neighbors, but maintain a readiness to respond aggressively to unfamiliar individuals. Territory residents and their neighbors, which remain competitive rivals despite reaching a truce, are often described as “dear enemies.” Although neighbor recognition is widespread across taxa, we have yet to satisfactorily elucidate the ecological and social factors that favor its evolution nor do we fully understand its underlying perceptual and cognitive mechanisms and how they potentially differ across species. Comparative and integrative studies of anurans (frogs and toads) have potential to address these gaps in current knowledge. After a brief introduction and primer on social recognition, this chapter critically reviews previous and ongoing work on vocally mediated neighbor recognition in territorial anurans. The focus is on comparing behavioral studies of recognition across species in light of similarities and differences in various ecological and social factors . Next, the chapter reviews studies aimed at elucidating the perceptual and cognitive mechanisms by which neighbor recognition is achieved by one particularly well-studied species. By adopting a case-study perspective, this chapter outlines the promise of comparative and integrative approaches to investigating the evolution and psychological mechanisms of social recognition in anurans, while also illustrating the perils that arise when inappropriate or inadequate methodologies are used in these investigations.
A novel stent inflation protocol improves long‐term outcomes compared with rapid inflation/deflation deployment method

Background High-pressure inflation for coronary stent deployment is universally performed. However, the duration of inflation is variable and does not take into account differences in lesion compliance. We developed a standardized “pressure optimization protocol” (POP) using inflation pressure stability rather than an arbitrary inflation time or angiographic balloon appearance for stent deployment. Whether this approach improves long-term outcomes is unknown. Methods and results 792 patients who underwent PCI using either rapid inflation/deflation (n = 376) or POP (n = 416) between January 2009 and March 2014 were included. Exclusion criteria included PCI for acute myocardial infarction, in-stent restenosis, chronic total occlusion, left main, and saphenous vein graft lesions. Primary endpoint was target vessel failure [TVF = combined end point of target vessel revascularization (TVR), myocardial infarction, and cardiac death]. Outcomes were analyzed in the entire cohort and in a propensity analysis. Stent implantation using POP with a median follow-up of 1317 days was associated with lower TVF compared with rapid inflation/deflation (10.1 vs. 17.8%, P < 0.0001). This difference was driven by a decrease in TVR (7 vs. 10.6%, P = 0.0016) and cardiac death (2.9 vs. 5.8%, P = 0.017) while there was no difference in myocardial infarction (1 vs. 1.9%, P = 0.19). In the Cox regression model, deployment using POP was the only independent predictor of reduced TVF (HR 0.43; 0.29–0.64; P < 0.0001). In the propensity analysis (330 patients per group) TVF remained lower with POP vs. rapid inflation/deflation (10 vs. 18%, P < 0.0001). Conclusions Stent deployment using POP led to reduced TVF compared to rapid I/D. These results recommend this method to improve long-term outcomes. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Aerospace Needs, Microelectronics, and the Quest for Reliability: 1962–1975 [Scanning Our Past]

This computer system is not intended for use in the operation of nuclear facilities, aircraft navigation or communications systems, or air traffic control machines, or for any other uses where the failure of the computer system could lead to death, personal injury, or severe environmental damage.—Apple Computer, Inc., Macbook Users Guide , 2006, p. 109.
Choledochal Malformations: Surgical Implications of Radiologic Findings.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to review the relevant pathophysiologic features, appearances, and surgical implications of choledochal malformations. CONCLUSION. Choledochal malformation...
Patient-Reported Outcomes Are Associated With Enhanced Recovery Status in Patients With Bladder Cancer Undergoing Radical Cystectomy

Background. Bladder cancer is a disease of the elderly that is associated with high morbidity in those treated with radical cystectomy. In this observational study of patients with bladder cancer u...
Geospatial contrasts between natural and human-altered barrier island systems: Core Banks and Ocracoke Island, North Carolina, U.S.A.

This study investigates differences in geomorphology between two barrier island systems, one considered to be in a pristine or natural geomorphic state, and another in some way geomorphically altered by humans. Alteration here is defined by the presence of a continuous, protective dune wall designed and installed alongshore to arrest island erosion and protect interior infrastructure. In contrasting the two environments we focus on a single question: how does the presence of such a dune wall alter the physical response of an island system to forces that compel change (e.g. storms, sea level rise)? Island widths, and ocean and sound shoreline positions are measured along a series of shore-normal transects on Core Banks and Ocracoke Island, both members of North Carolina’s Outer Banks. Surveys date from the mid-nineteenth century through 2012. Four surveys were retained for Core Banks, five for Ocracoke Island. Findings point to differences in the geomorphic character along both islands. More of Core Banks is narrow with evidence of current overwash and inlet activity. Ocracoke presents more stability, width, limited overwash, and no inlets. Evidence uncovered points to three fundamental conclusions. First: there appears to exist a minimum threshold width about which an island tends to oscillate. Second, differential shoreline retreat along Ocracoke Island has resulted in a counterclockwise (CCW) rotation along the island’s northern half. Finally, the protective dunes along Ocracoke appear to have slowed the rate of shoreline retreat, and the observed CCW rotation, by more than 40%.
Proximal Interphalangeal Joint Fusion: Indications and Techniques

This article is an in-depth analysis of proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis indications and surgical techniques. There are a wide variety of indications for proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis with relatively few contraindications. Moreover, although there is a limited surgical approach, there is a wide breadth of modalities in which to obtain the arthrodesis, of which several are listed here. Proximal interphalangeal joint arthrodesis has been shown to have excellent outcomes and a high success rate.
Photon correlation of photoluminescence emission of a monolayer WS 2

We observed the photon bunching of photoluminescence emission from a Tungsten disulfide monolayer by photon correlation measurements. The mixture of spectral diffusion and thermal light emission is considered to explain the bunching signature.
Quantum chemical calculations to determine partitioning coefficients for HgCl2 on iron-oxide aerosols.

Abstract Gas-to-particle phase partitioning controls the pathways for oxidized mercury deposition from the atmosphere to the Earth's surface. The propensity of oxidized mercury species to transition between these two phases is described by the partitioning coefficient (Kp). Experimental measurements of Kp values for HgCl2 in the presence of atmospheric aerosols are difficult and time-consuming. Quantum chemical calculations, therefore, offer a promising opportunity to efficiently estimate partitioning coefficients for HgCl2 on relevant aerosols. In this study, density functional theory (DFT) calculations are used to predict Kp values for HgCl2 on relevant iron-oxide surfaces. The model is first verified using a NaCl(100) surface, showing good agreement between the calculated (2.8) and experimental (29–43) dimensionless partitioning coefficients at room temperature. Then, the methodology is applied to six atmospherically relevant terminations of α-Fe2O3(0001): OH-Fe-R, (OH)3-Fe-R, (OH)3-R, O-Fe-R, Fe-O3-R, and O3-R (where R denotes bulk ordering). The OH-Fe-R termination is predicted to be the most stable under typical atmospheric conditions, and on this surface termination, a dimensionless HgCl2 Kp value of 5.2 × 103 at 295 K indicates a strong preference for the particle phase. This work demonstrates DFT as a promising approach to obtain partitioning coefficients, which can lead to improved models for the transport of mercury, as well as for other atmospheric pollutant species, through and between the anthroposphere and troposphere.
Vinyasa Flow: Metabolic Cost and Validation of Hip- and Wrist-Worn Wearable Sensors

Purpose: To estimate the energy expenditure (EE) of Vinyasa Flow and validate the Actigraph (AG) and GENEActiv (GA) for measuring EE in Vinyasa Flow. Methods: Participants (N = 22) were fitted to a...
The role of emotion dysregulation in the association between subjective social status and eating expectancies among college students.

Objective: Research suggests that college is a risky period for changes in eating behavior and beliefs. Although social health determinants relate to health behavior changes, research has not explo...
Multi-view collective tensor decomposition for cross-modal hashing

With the development of social media, data often come from a variety of sources in different modalities. These data contain complementary information that can be used to produce better learning algorithms. Such data exhibit dual heterogeneity: On the one hand, data obtained from multiple modalities are intrinsically different; on the other hand, features obtained from different disciplines are usually heterogeneous. Existing methods often consider the first facet while ignoring the second. Thus, in this paper, we propose a novel multi-view cross-modal hashing method named Multi-view Collective Tensor Decomposition (MCTD) to mitigate the dual heterogeneity at the same time, which can fully exploit the multimodal multi-view feature while simultaneously discovering multiple separated subspaces by leveraging the data categories as supervision information. We propose a novel cross-modal retrieval framework which consists of three components: (1) two tensors which model the multi-view features from different modalities in order to get better representation of the complementary features and a latent representation space; (2) a block-diagonal loss which is used to explicitly enforce a more discriminative latent space by leveraging supervision information; and (3) two feature projection matrices which characterize the data and generate the latent representation for incoming new queries. We use an iterative updating optimization algorithm to solve the objective function designed for MCTD. Extensive experiments prove the effectiveness of MCTD compared with state-of-the-art methods.
Impact of Stressful Climates on Provider Perceptions of Integrated Behavioral Health Services in Pediatric Primary Care: An Exploratory Study.

Objective Pediatric primary care providers (PCPs) work in challenging environments and are increasingly called to implement complex interventions, such as behavioral health (BH) service integration. We explore how perceived stressful practice climates (1) change over time in and (2) influence provider perceptions of collaborative care versus usual care, 2 models of integrated BH care. Methods Secondary exploratory analysis using hierarchical linear modeling was performed on an 18-month cluster-randomized trial of 8 pediatric primary care practices to Doctor-Office Collaborative Care (DOCC), where an on-site care manager delivered BH services in coordination with PCPs, or Enhanced Usual Care (EUC), where a care manager facilitated referrals to local BH providers. Various indicators of PCP perceptions of BH services, including satisfaction with practice, burdens and beliefs regarding psychosocial problems, and effectiveness in treating behavioral problems, were assessed as outcomes. Moderators were 2 domains of stressful climates, role conflict and role overload. Results Role conflict and role overload stayed stable in both conditions. Role conflict strengthened the positive effect of DOCC on PCP perceived effectiveness in treating behavioral problems (β [SE], 0.04 [0.02]; p = 0.04) and improvement in managing oppositional/aggressive behavior (0.02 [0.01]; p = 0.02). Role overload strengthened the positive effect of DOCC on PCP-perceived improvement in managing attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (0.03 [0.01]; p = 0.01). Stressful climates did not influence perceptions for EUC providers. Conclusions Providers experiencing more stressful practice climates developed more positive perceptions of collaborative care. This may encourage stressed providers to make effective practice changes and promote practice integration of BH services.