cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
No evidence of co-facilitation between a non-native Asian earthworm (Amynthas tokioensis) and invasive common buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) in experimental mesocosms

Non-native invasive earthworms are known drivers of forest change in north temperate forests. Much understanding of earthworm invasion is based on species of European origin, but concern about Asian pheretimoid earthworms (e.g. Asian jumping worms, Amynthas spp.) is increasing. Some effects of Amynthas spp. on soil properties and biota have been studied, but little is known about interaction of Amynthas spp. with plants. Potential interaction between Amynthas spp. and invasive buckthorn (Rhamnus cathartica) is of particular interest given hypothesized co-facilitation between R. cathartica and European earthworms—cited by some as components of an “invasional meltdown”. We used reciprocal mesocosm experiments in Wisconsin, USA, to test for co-facilitation between Amynthas tokioensis and R. cathartica. We asked: (1) Are jumping worms more successful in environments invaded by buckthorn? (2) Does jumping worm activity increase buckthorn germination and establishment? Counter to expectations, co-facilitation was not supported, and we found evidence to the contrary. There was no increase in litter loss (indicative of consumption by jumping worms) or jumping worm fecundity in buckthorn-invaded environments, and buckthorn germination was unaffected by increased jumping worm densities. Counter to our hypothesis, jumping worm fecundity was greater in buckthorn-free soils than in buckthorn-invaded soils. Our results show no experimental evidence of co-facilitation by either of these invasive species, and highlight potential differences in ecological impact of non-native invasive earthworm taxa that vary in life-history and functional dynamics.
Monovalent-anion selective and antifouling polyelectrolytes multilayer anion exchange membrane for reverse electrodialysis

Abstract Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is an emerging membrane - based technology that can be used to capture renewable energy released from mixing seawater and river water. When natural waters are used as feed solutions, the presence of multivalent ions and natural organic matter (NOM) results in a lower open circuit voltage (OCV) and power density. In this research, we modified the surface of standard anion exchange membranes (AEMs) via the facile layer-by-layer (LBL) deposition of poly(styrenesulfonate) (PSS) and poly(ethyleneimine) (PEI). Only moderate increase was introduced to the membrane area resistance. The modified membranes exhibited monovalent - anion selectivity comparable to that of commercial monovalent-ion selective membranes, and largely improved anti-organic fouling potential simultaneously. When tested in a RED process with feed waters containing not only chloride but sulfate and humic acid, the maximum gross power density generated was improved by up to 17% with polyelectrolyte-modified membranes. Also, the energy conversion efficiency of the modified membranes could be prominently increased by 3 times compared with standard AEM conversion. The results indicate significant efficacy of AEMs with polyelectrolyte multilayers on their membrane surface for RED application.
Physical Evaluation of the Hip

Hip injuries in tennis players are being diagnosed more frequently in recent years. Part of this may be the result of the newer style of play and part due to increased awareness of non-arthritic hip problems in athletes, in general, as well as enhanced imaging techniques. The hip may be more difficult to examine than other joints as a result of its deep location, thick soft tissue envelope, and the potential for referred pain patterns. Patient history should focus on the location of the pain, mechanism of injury, exacerbating and alleviating factors, prior treatments, and pertinent past medical, family, and social history. Physical examination in the standing, seated, supine, lateral, and prone positions includes gait analysis, range of motion and strength tests, and special tests described in this chapter. When combined with appropriate imaging and diagnostic injection tests, a comprehensive history and physical examination allows the physician to formulate the correct diagnosis and initiate appropriate treatment.
Comparison Between the Genomes of a Fiber and an Oil-Seed Variety of Flax

Flax has been selected for two different agronomic products, namely, fiber from the stem or oil from the seed. There is substantial variation in the nuclear DNA content among varieties and accessions of flax. The reference genome for flax has been developed from the oil-seed variety Bethune. The fiber variety, Stormont cirus, which has been the focus of attention since it appears to modify its genome in response to the growth conditions, has a larger nuclear DNA content than Bethune. The comparison between the genomes of these two varieties will highlight the overall differences in the organization and content of the nuclear genome and provide a reference base for the sites of variation that are affected when the flax genome is modified. Knowledge of the regions that differ between the two varieties is important for interpreting the variation observed in Stormont cirus when the genome is modified in response to the growing environment.
FUNNY FONTANS: UNUSUAL FONTAN MODIFICATIONS EVALUATED BY CARDIAC MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING

The Fontan procedure is used for palliation of single ventricle congenital heart disease. Many modifications of the original Fontan have been used resulting in heterogeneity. Frequently, echocardiography cannot visualize these modifications or assess hemodynamics. We present a series of 4 patients
Non-Abelian gauged fracton matter field theory: Sigma models, superfluids, and vortices

By gauging a higher-moment polynomial global symmetry and a discrete charge conjugation (i.e., particle-hole) symmetry (mutually non-commutative) coupled to matter fields, we derive a new class of higher-rank tensor non-abelian gauge field theory with dynamically gauged matter fields: Non-abelian gauged matters interact with a hybrid class of higher-rank (symmetric or generic non-symmetric) tensor gauge theory and anti-symmetric tensor topological field theory, generalizing [arXiv:1909.13879, 1911.01804]'s theory. We also apply a quantum phase transition similar to that between insulator v.s. superfluid/superconductivity (U(1) symmetry disordered phase described by a topological gauge theory or a disordered Sigma model v.s. U(1) global/gauge symmetry-breaking ordered phase described by a Sigma model with a U(1) target space underlying Goldstone modes): We can regard our tensor gauge theories as disordered phases, and we transient to their new ordered phases by deriving new Sigma models in continuum field theories. While one low energy theory is captured by degrees of freedom of rotor or scalar modes, another side of low energy theory has vortices and superfluids - we explore non-abelian vortices (two types of vortices mutually interacting non-commutatively) beyond an ordinary group structure and their Cauchy-Riemann relation.
CrI 3 revisited with a many-body ab initio theoretical approach

${\mathrm{CrI}}_{3}$ has recently been shown to exhibit low-dimensional, long-range magnetic ordering from few layers to single layers of ${\mathrm{CrI}}_{3}$. The properties of ${\mathrm{CrI}}_{3}$ bulk and few-layered systems are uniquely defined by a combination of short-range intralayer and long-range interlayer interactions, including strong correlations, exchange, and spin-orbit coupling. Unfortunately, both the long-range van der Waals interactions, which are driven by dynamic, many-body electronic correlations, and the competing strong intralayer correlations, present a formidable challenge for the local or semilocal mean-field approximations employed in workhorse electronic structure approaches like density-functional theory. In this paper we employ a sophisticated many-body approach that can simultaneously describe long- and short-range correlations. We establish that the fixed-node diffusion Monte Carlo (FNDMC) method reproduces the experimental interlayer separation distance of bulk ${\mathrm{CrI}}_{3}$ for the high-temperature monoclinic phase with a reliable prediction of the interlayer binding energy. We subsequently employed the FNDMC results to benchmark the accuracy of several density-functional theory exchange-correlation approximations.
Equilibrium Forward Contracts on Nonstorable Commodities in the Presence of Market Power

Bilateral supply contracts are widely used despite the presence of spot markets. In this paper, we provide a potential explanation for this prevalence of supply contracts even when spot markets are liquid and without delivery lag. Specifically, we consider the determination of an equilibrium forward contract on a nonstorable commodity between two firms that have mean-variance preferences over their risky profits and negotiate the forward contract through a Nash bargaining process. We derive the unique equilibrium forward contract in closed form and provide an extensive analysis. We show that it is the risk-hedging benefit from a forward that justifies its prevalence in spite of liquid spot markets. In addition, while a forward does not affect production decisions due to the presence of spot markets, it does affect inventory decisions of the storable input factor due to its hedging effect against the inventory risk. We also show that price volatilities and correlations are important determinants of the equilibrium contract. In particular, the equilibrium forward price can be nonmonotonic in the spot price volatility and can decrease as the initial spot price increases.
Examining intention to quit using Juul among emerging adults.

OBJECTIVES (1) Describe intention to quit, (2) identify relationships between various factors and intention to quit, (3) explore if Theory of Planned Behavior-informed constructs are associated with intention to quit, and (4) discover if descriptive norms strengthen association with intention to quit among emerging adults currently using Juul. Participants: First-year students currently using Juul at a large public university (N = 182). Methods: A November 2018 online survey assessed sociodemographic characteristics, social influences, patterns of use, quit intention, and attitudes, norms, and perceived behavioral control toward Juul. Results: A quarter of participants reported current use, with nearly half intending to quit within six months. Recent quit attempts was the only factor related to intention. Two models were created that showed association with intention to quit, but only perceived behavioral control was individually significant. Conclusions: Cessation-focused campaigns and interventions are needed on college campuses and could be less tailored than prevention.
Reduced Acquisition Time Per Bed Position for PET/MRI Using 68Ga-RM2 or 68Ga-PSMA11 in Patients With Prostate Cancer: A Retrospective Analysis.

Background: Growing clinical adoption of PET/MRI for prostate cancer (PC) evaluation has increased interest in reducing PET/MRI scan times. Reducing acquisition time per bed position below current times of at least 5 minutes would allow shorter examination lengths. Objective: To evaluate the effect of different reduced PET acquisition times in patients with PC who underwent 68Ga-PSMA11 or 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI using highly sensitive silicon photomultiplier-based PET detectors. Methods: This study involved retrospective review of men with PC who underwent PET/MRI as part of one of two prospective trials. Fifty men (mean age, 69.9±6.8 years) who underwent 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI and 50 men (66.6±5.7 years) who underwent 68Ga-PSMA11 PET/MRI were included. PET/MRI used a time-of-flight-enabled system with silicon photomultiplier-based detectors. Acquisition time was 4 minutes per bed position. PET data were reconstructed using acquisition times of 30 seconds, 1 minute, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, and 4 minutes. Three readers independently assessed image quality for each reconstruction using 1-5 scale (1=non-diagnostic; 5=excellent quality). One reader measured SUVmax for up to 6 lesions per patient. Two readers independently assessed lesion conspicuity using 1-3 scale (1=not visualized; 3=definitely visualized). Results: Mean image quality across readers at 30 seconds, 1 minutes, 2 minutes, 3 minutes, and 4 minutes was, for 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI, 1.0±0.2 to 1.7±0.7, 2.0±0.3 to 2.6±0.8, 3.1±0.5 to 3.9±0.8, 4.6±0.6 to 4.7±0.6, and 4.8±0.4 to 4.8±0.5, respectively, and for 68Ga-PSMA11 PET/MRI was 1.2±0.4 to 1.8±0.6, 2.2±0.4 to 2.8±0.7, 3.6±0.6 to 4.1±0.8, 4.8±0.4 to 4.9±0.4, and 4.9±0.3 to 5.0±0.2, respectively. Mean lesion SUVmax for 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI was 11.1±12.4, 10.2±11.7, 9.6±11.3, 9.5±11.6, and 9.4±11.6, respectively, and for 68Ga-PSMA11 PET/MRI was 14.7±8.2, 12.9±7.4, 12.1±7.8, 11.7±7.9, and 11.6±7.9, respectively. Mean lesion conspicuity (reader 1/reader 2) was, for 68Ga-RM2 PET/MRI, 2.4±0.5/2.7±0.5, 2.9±0.3/2.9±0.3, 3.0±0.0/3.0±0.0, 3.0±0.0/3.0±0.0, and 3.0±0.0/3.0±0.0, respectively, and for 68Ga-PSMA11 PET/MRI was 2.6±0.5/2.8±0.4, 3.0±0.2/2.9±0.3, 3.0±0.1/3.0±0.2, 3.0±0.0/3.0±0.0, and 3.0±0.0/3.0±0.0, respectively. Conclusion: Our data support routine 3 minute acquisitions, which provided very similar results as 4 minute acquisitions. Two minute acquisition, though somewhat lowering quality, provided acceptable performance and warrants consideration. Clinical Impact: When evaluating PC using modern PET/MRI equipment, time per bed position may be reduced compared with historically used times.
Designing order-disorder transformation in high-entropy ferritic steels

Order–disorder transformations hold an essential place in chemically complex high-entropy ferritic steels (HEFSs) due to their critical technological application. The chemical inhomogeneity arising from mixing of multi-principal elements of varying chemistry can drive property altering changes at the atomic scale, in particular short-range order. Using density-functional theory-based linear-response theory, we predict the effect of compositional tuning on the order–disorder transformation in ferritic steels—focusing on Cr–Ni–Al–Ti–Fe HEFSs. We show that Ti content in Cr–Ni–Al–Ti–Fe solid solutions can be tuned to modify short-range order that changes the order–disorder path from BCC-B2 (Ti atomic-fraction = 0) to BCC-B2-L21 (Ti atomic-fraction > 0) consistent with existing experiments. Our study suggests that tuning degree of SRO through compositional variation can be used as an effective means to optimize phase selection in technologically useful alloys.
A Model for Establishing a Cybersecurity Center of Excellence

In order to effectively ensure our continued technical advantage and future cybersecurity, we need a technologically skilled and cyber savvy workforce and an effective pipeline of future employees. Our Government has identified Cybersecurity as one of the most serious economic and national security challenges we face as a nation and has ear-marked cybersecurity education as a major part of its Comprehensive National Cybersecurity Initiative. By establishing a Cybersecurity Center of Excellence as part of our Computer Science Cybersecurity curriculum, Saint Peter’s University will be well positioned to train and educate students on this very important National initiative. In addition, we will be providing our students with the skill-sets necessary to become a member of the cybersecurity workforce that is expected to increase from global revenues of $95 billion in 2014 to $155 billion in 2019.
The Na+, K+-ATPase Membrane Transport System: Importance in Cellular Function*

Publisher Summary The presence of an active Na + , K + -ATPase in the same tissue that has been employed widely to study organic solute transport—regardless of localization—is highly important because the enzymatic mechanism for maintaining low intracellular concentration of sodium would, of course, be required to establish any proposal for sodium-dependent solute transport. The chapter discusses (1) the possible role of the Na + , K + -ATPase enzyme system in amino acid transport, (2) the possible relationship between the Na + , K + -ATPase and sugar transport, and (3) some complications of sugar transport in relation to the Na + , K + -ATPase. If the Na + , K + -ATPase enzyme system, and/or if a sodium pump, in some way, is involved in the transport of amino acids and other organic solutes, the specific inhibitor of the pump, ouabain, or any active cardiotonic glycoside, should produce some effect on the solute transport. To examine the possible role of the Na + , K + -ATPase enzyme system, epithelium-like cells and aneuploid cells originally isolated from human carcinoma of the oral cavity was employed and advantage was taken of interesting observations concerning impairment of the transport of α-aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) by inositol deprivation. The experiments were designed to provide information on whether inositol deprivation impairs exchange fluxes in addition to its inhibitory effect on transport fluxes. It should also be emphasized, however, that sodium-dependent amino acid transport in some tissues appears to be insensitive to ouabain at concentrations that normally cause significant inhibition of the Na + , K + -pump as well as of the Na+ , K + -ATPase.
Real-Time Nucleic Acid Quantification

It is difficult to overstate the vital role of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and its derivatives in the clinical microbiology laboratory. The ease of adapting PCR, combined with the availability of complete genomic sequences from various pathogens, has permitted the rapid development of commercial as well as laboratory-developed molecular techniques for diagnostic purposes. As its name implies, real-time PCR, a common PCR variant, has furthered clinical utility by permitting the detection and quantification of PCR products during the amplification process. In this chapter, we discuss the principles behind real-time PCR and its use in quantification of pathogens.
SU-E-T-346: Effect of Jaw Position On Dose to Critical Structures in 3-D Conformal Radiotherapy Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer

Purpose: Three-dimensional conformal therapy remains a valid and widely used modality for pancreatic radiotherapy treatment. It usually meets dose constraints on critical structures. However, careful positioning of collimation jaws can reduce dose to the critical structures. Here we investigate the dosimetric effect of jaw position in MLC-based 3-D conformal treatment planning on critical structures. Methods: We retrospectively selected seven pancreatic cancer patients treated with 3-D conformal radiotherapy. We started with treatment plans (Varian Truebeam LINAC, Eclipse TPS, AAA, 18MV) having both x and y jaws aligned with the farthest extent of the block outline (8mm around PTV). Then we subsequently moved either both x-jaws or all x and y jaws outwards upto 3 cm in 1 cm increments and investigated their effect on average and maximum dose to neighboring critical structures keeping the same coverage to treatment volume. Results: Lateral displacement of both x-jaws by 1cm each increased kidney and spleen mean dose by as much as 1.7% and 1.3% respectively and superior inferior displacement increased liver, right kidney, stomach and spleen dose by as much as 2.1%, 2%, 5.2% and 1.6% respectively. Displacement of all x and y-jaws away by 1cm increased the mean dose to liver, right kidney, left kidney, bowels, cord, stomach and spleen by as much as 4.9%, 5.9%, 2.1%, 2.8%, 7.4%, 10.4% and 4.2% respectively. Percentage increase in mean dose due to 2 and 3cm jaw displacement increased almost linearly with the displaced distance. Changes in maximum dose were much smaller (mostly negligible) than the changes in mean dose. Conclusion: Collimation jaw position affects dose mostly to critical structures adjacent to it. Though treatment plans with MLCs conforming the block margin usually meet dose constraints to critical structures, keeping jaws all the way in, to the edge of the block reduces dose to the critical structures during radiation treatment.
The Effect of Reproductive State, Temperature, and Salinity on DNA and RNA Levels and Activities of Metabolic Enzymes of the Pyloric Ceca in the Sea Star Luidia clathrata (Say)

During the annual reproductive cycle, the pyloric ceca change in size and synthetic capacity. Changes in the amount of DNA indicated that seasonal changes in the size of the pyloric ceca resulted mainly from changes in the number of cells. The highest concentrations of RNA and the highest RNA:DNA ratios occurred during gametogenesis in the winter; lowest levels and ratios occurred in the summer or during environmental stress. Maximal activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGDH), glycerolphosphate dehydrogenase (GPDH), glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-3-PDH), and pyruvate kinase (PK) occurred during gametogenesis. Exposure of Luidia clathrata to diferent temperatures in the laboratory did not affect the level of activities of G-6PDH, 6-PGDH, GPDH, and PK when measured at a constant temperature or concentrations of nucleic acids in the pyloric ceca. Activities of 6-PGDH, GPDH, and PK decreased, the concentration of DNA increased, and the conc...
Conjunction and disjunction in a language without 'and'

Warlpiri (Pama-Nyungan, Australia) has a single coordinator, manu . This coordinator occurs in constructions of the form P manu Q . In the following paper, I argue that manu has a non-strengthened disjunctive denotation which can undergo pragmatic strengthening to conjunction. I propose that the absence of a conjunctive coordinator in Warlpiri results in the set of scalar alternatives {P, Q, (P or Q)} for P manu Q . This is identical to the set of scalar alternatives for English P or Q proposed by Singh, et al. (2013) for English-speaking children. I follow Singh, et al. in using a recursive application of Fox's (2007) exhaustivity operator, Exh, to derive a strengthened conjunctive reading of P manu Q that is categorical in unembedded contexts. I also address strengthening under the scope of negation and in conditionals and Wh-questions, and place some pragmatic constraints on Exh application.
Pannonia Imperilled: Why Danilo Kiš Still Matters: PANNONIA IMPERILLED

This essay explores the significance of the works of the Serbian–Jewish–Yugoslav writer Danilo Kis (1935–89) more than twenty years after his untimely passing. To understand Kis's place in Serbian culture today, it is necessary to revisit the controversies that bedevilled his public reception in Yugoslavia in the 1970s and 1980s; to understand Kis's place in Central European history today, though, it is necessary to broaden our familiarity with his increasingly accessible corpus of writing and recontextualize his proverbially anti-nationalistic and apolitical positions. With an expanded reading of Kis, he emerges as a useful source of information and critique on Yugoslavia's ‘self-managing’ socialist system itself as well as a proponent of expanded notions of both East European and Central European identity and of an emotionally authentic if controversial thesis of totalitarian equivalence between fascism and communism.
Magnetically aligned 2D rectangular micro magnets with uniaxial in-plane anisotropy for high frequency magnetic devices

The design and demonstration of magnetically aligned 2D rectangular micro magnets have been developed for high frequency magnetic devices. It is known that 2D magnetic structures and the induced anisotropy can provide unique properties to achieve high magnetic resonance frequency. A methodology to fabricate the 2D micro magnets using the microfabrication processes with magnetic field alignment has been proposed and successfully demonstrated. In-plane anisotropy from the drop casted magnet arrays has been confirmed. Compared to a blanket NiFe thin film, the 2D magnet arrays is found to increase the anisotropy field 30 times from 10 to 300 Oe, or 5.5 times higher magnetic resonance frequency from 0.45 to 2.5 GHz.
Early stages of solar flares - Current status of our understanding and opportunities for future observations

Current models of the energy release and transport mechanisms occurring in solar flares are updated to include the input from data collected with the SMM satellite. The new data cover numerous solar flares observed in X-ray and gamma ray bands over a 6 yr period, combined with data from the Japanese Hinori satellite in 1981-82 and ground-based radio observations. The 300 keV gamma ray data have been instrumental in revealing a 152-158 day period in the frequency of solar flares. Recent analysis has indicated that the periodicity is connected to the rotational spectrum of g-modes in the sun. Other data have shown that hard X-rays are emitted from the footpoints and interactions among coronal magnetic loops, where electron acceleration processes occur that are not well understood. The footpoint emission appear in impulsive events, while the interaction emissions are connected with gradual flares.
Integrating the Concept Attainment Teaching Model and Videodisk Images

Preservice elementary teachers’ responses to a concept attainment task using videodisk pictures and line drawings are discussed in this case study. Two investigations provided answers to the following: 1) What affects students’ perceptions and responses to a concept attainment task?, and 2) What influences students to use observations to construct patterns? While using only videodisk pictures (N=52), most students used inferences to construct patterns. In contrast, students using line drawings in concert with pictures (N=26) significantly made more observations and fewer ideas to make viable patterns.
Cleaning of particle-fouled membranes during cross-flow filtration using an embedded ultrasonic transducer system

Abstract Ultrasound was introduced into an “off-the-shelf” cross-flow membrane cell using a Navy Type I lead zirconate titanate transducer embedded opposite a membrane surface. The transducer, only 4.1 mm in thickness, required minimal modification of the existing flat-sheet filtration cell. Hydrogen peroxide and chemiluminescence measurements indicated that the thin transducer system was capable of inducing cavitation, and that the extent of cavitation increased with increasing applied power. For all powers tested, chemiluminescence measurements indicated that the surface of the membrane in the cross-flow system was within the zone of cavitation. Membranes were then fouled by 0.53 μm sulfate polystyrene latex particles. Membrane cleaning results showed that the thin transducer system increased the permeate flux of the membrane, with flux increasing with increasing applied power to the transducer. Both pulsed and continuous operation of the transducer improved flux (with continuous operation resulting in slightly greater improvement), although it may be beneficial to operate the system in pulsed mode to reduce energy consumption. At the highest powers, some damage to the membrane was observed. At lower applied powers, however, no damage to the membrane was found.
Pathophysiology of acute diarrhea

Diarrhea, a major health problem worldwide, is both a sign and a symptom. As a symptom, diarrhea has been described as an increase in stool frequency, an increase in stool volume, and/or a decrease in stool consistency. As a sign, diarrhea is characterized by an increase in stool water excretion to greater than 150 to 200 ml every 24 hours. Four mechanisms that may be responsible for the alterations in fluid and electrolyte movement associated with diarrhea are increased luminal osmolality, decreased fluid absorption, increased intestinal secretion, and altered intestinal motility. Specific pathogenic mechanisms for acute infectious diarrhea include tissue invasion, enterotoxin production, and adhesion of infectious agents to epithelial cells. Antidiarrheal agents remove secretagogues from the intestinal tract, stimulate fluid absorption, and inhibit electrolyte movement.
A "Fair Share" for the Aged Title XX Allocation Patterns, 1976-1980

The first five years of Title XX allocations for services for the aged are analyzed from a national and a state perspective. Submitting the data to several measures of equity, the authors conclude that, generally, the aged received a "fair share" of Title XX resources. They recommend that advocates for the aged reevaluate the consequences of "group eligibility" systems and that they concentrate efforts on states with low equity-for-the-aged ratings.
Literature Review: Participation of the Poor in the War On Poverty

This paper integrates ideas from representative literature on the anti-poverty war launched by the U. S. Office of Economic Opportunity in 1964. It focuses on the mandates of community action and "...
Conversion of Supraventricular Tachyeardias with Rapid Atrial Stimulation

Rapid atrial stimulation (RAS) is a technic useful for converting the rapid ventricular response of atrial tachycardia, atrial flutter, or junctional tachycardia to a slower ventricular rate with normal sinus rhythm or atrial fibrillation. It is particularly useful when alternate methods such as DC cardioversion, carotid sinus massage, and drug therapy are either ineffective or undesirable. It is safe in patients with digitalis intoxication, does not require general anesthesia, documents atrial rhythm, and can be used repetitively without cumulative effects. RAS was performed 129 times in 87 patients (45 males; 42 females) whose ages ranged from 33 to 90 years (mean 67 years). There were no major complications. Overall, including both initial and repeat attempts, RAS successfully converted supraventricular tachycardia in 71% of cases and failed in 29%.
A linear-eddy model of turbulent scalar transport and mixing

Abstract Transport and mixing of diffusive scalars in turbulent flows are simulated computationally based on a novel representation of the temporal evolution along a transverse line moving with the mean fluid velocity. The scalar field along this line evolves by Fickian diffusion, representing molecular processes, and by randomly occurring events called block inversions. Block inversion, representing the effect of turbulent convection, consists of the random selection of an interval (Y0 − 1/2, Y0 + 1/2) of the line, where the interval size l may he either fixed or randomly selected, and replacement of the scalar field θ(y) within that interval by θ(2y0 For fixed l, the model requires a single input parameter, the Peclet number. To demonstrate the performance of the model, this formulation is used to compute the spatial development of diffusive scalar fields downstream of several source configurations in homogeneous turbulence. Generalization to inhomogeneous turbulence is discussed, as well as a formulati...
Correlation of early recumbent and younger upright folding across the boundary between an Archean gneiss belt and greenstone terrane, northeastern Minnesota

Correlation of an F 1 recumbent fold and an upright F 2 antiform across the boundary between an Archean migmatite terrane and the adjacent volcanic-plutonic belt indicates a common tectonic evolution for both terranes since the earliest stages of folding. The local boundary between amphibolite facies schists and migmatites of the southern Vermilion Granitic Complex (VGC) and low-grade metagraywackes of the adjacent Vermilion district is marked by nearly vertical dip-slip faulting along the east-trending axial trace of a regional F 2 antiform. The migmatites in the southern VGC have been folded into S-symmetry folds that mark the northern limb of the major antiform. These folds are correlated with F 2 folds of Z symmetry on the southern limb of the fold in adjacent downfaulted rocks of the Vermilion district. Structural facing near the boundary between the two subprovinces is downward on both limbs of the major F 2 structure, which is interpreted to be part of the lower, overturned limb of a large-scale F 1 recumbent fold. A change to upright-facing strata farther south indicates a crossing onto the upper limb of the structure. The F 1 folding is tentatively attributed to gravitational spreading off the southern margin of the rising Lac La Croix Granite of the east-central VGC.
Large magnetothermopower in La0.67Ca0.33MnO3 films.

We have studied transport properties, including the thermopower and its field dependence, between 5 K and room temperature in films of ${\mathrm{La}}_{0.67}$${\mathrm{Ca}}_{0.33}$Mn${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ fabricated by simple metalorganic decomposition technique. A large negative magnetothermopower, $\frac{[S(H)\ensuremath{-}S(0)]}{S(0)}$, amounting to as much as 38% has been observed in addition to a large negative magnetoresistivity, $\frac{[\ensuremath{\rho}(H)\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\rho}(0)]}{\ensuremath{\rho}(0)}$, with a peak value of 70% in a field of 5 T. $S(H)$ is found to correlate with $\ensuremath{\rho}(H)$ in the form $S(H)\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{ln}\ensuremath{\rho}(H)+\mathrm{const}$ while $\ensuremath{\rho}(H, T)$ scales with magnetization according to ${\ensuremath{\rho}}_{m}\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}\frac{M(H, T)}{{M}_{0}}]$ below the magnetic transition temperature. Above the transition $\ensuremath{\rho}(H)\ensuremath{\propto}\mathrm{exp}[\ensuremath{-}{M}^{2}(H)]$, while $\ensuremath{\rho}(0)$ displays Arrhenius behavior. All these facts are consistent with a picture of electrical conduction being dominated by magnetic polaron hopping which has its origin in the local magnetic order.
Strong feeding preference of an exotic generalist herbivore for an exotic forb: a case of invasional antagonism

Many hypotheses dealing with the suc- cess of invasive plant species concern plant-herbi- vore interactions. The invasional meltdown and enemy inversion hypotheses suggest that non-native herbivores may indirectly facilitate the invasion of a non-native plant species by either favorably changing environmental conditions or reducing competition from native plant species. Our objective was to determine the role of herbivory by the non-native snail Otala lactea in structuring California grassland communities. We conducted two experiments to examine the feeding preferences of O. lactea for eight representative grassland species. Overall, O. lactea preferred Brassica nigra, a non-native forb, over all other species tested. Field monocultures of B. nigra supported significantly higher snail densities than monocultures of any of the other species tested. O. lactea also preferred B. nigra over all other species tested in controlled laboratory feeding trials. However, based on trait comparisons of each of the eight grassland species, we cannot pinpoint the preference for B. nigra to a basic nutritional require- ment on the part of the herbivore or an allocation to defense on the part of the plants. Our study provides evidence for an antagonistic relationship between a non-native herbivore and a non-native plant species in their invasive range. We term this relationship ''invasional antagonism''.
Some Theoretical Results on the Economics of Forestry

pose the value of timber from a tree is related to its age (a) according to a function,ft and a discount rate of p > 0 is given. At what age should a tree (or a stand of trees of the same vintage) be cut down to maximize the present value of the timber content? The answer to this question, proposed by Jevons (1871), Wicksell (1911) and others, can be stated as follows: cut the tree at an age, at which the increase in value of timber content of the standing tree over an additional unit time-interval equals the interest that can be earned over an additional unit time interval, if the revenue from cutting the tree is invested at an interest rate p. From the point of view of the economics of forestry, the above solution (and, indeed, the above question) is missing something. More precisely, the solution is based on the assumption that the land on which the stand of trees was growing is not used after the trees are cut down. Consequently, it fails to encompass an important aspect of the "forest rotation problem". Once trees are removed from a given area, the land is available for new forest growth. Clearly, the longer the felling of the existing forest is delayed, the longer it takes to acquire revenues from future harvests. The opportunity cost of utilizing the forest site for the existing stand of trees must be considered. Taking this reforestation aspect into account, Faustmann (1849) noted that the question to be asked is the following. Assuming that one had an empty tract of land and one were interested in maximizing the discounted sum of the value of timber content of trees harvested (timber being evaluated at a constant price), what pattern of planting and harvesting trees should one follow?
Development of the vascular system in the hamster malignant neurilemmoma

Abstract The development of the vasculature in the hamster malignant neurilemmoma was studied during growth in the transparent cheek pouch chamber. Prominent features in this process are: (1) Progressive dilatation, tortuosity and some bulbous formations in host venules in the immediate vicinity of the tumor implant. Occasional focal dilatation of some host arterioles. (2) Small focal erythrocytic extravasations. (3) Sprouting of host venous vessels in the perimeter of the implant and subsequent anastomosing of these sprouts and/or their branches to form loops directed toward the center of the implant. Continued sprouting, in effect, produces remodeling of the host venules. (4) Establishment of the tumor capillary net in 4–7 days. The bed assumes a dense net-like arrangement of short, profusely anastomosing, thin-walled endothelial tubes which conduct blood at a brisk rate. (5) Progressive increase in capillary caliber during tumor growth. (6) Prominent focal or general reduction in blood flow after about 10 days of growth. This appears related to the development of tissue growth pressure within the rigid cheek pouch chamber.
Isopropanol attracts the green lacewing, Chrysopa quadripunctata (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)

Abstract Adult female green lacewings, Chrysopa quadripunctata Burmeister, were attracted to traps baited with 45% isopropanol in an unsprayed apple orchard in Missouri, USA. No lacewings were attracted to the unbaited traps. To the best of our knowledge this is the first report on a semiochemical that attracts lacewings of this species.
Congenital absence of the left pericardium

Abstract Until the past decade, the diagnosis of congenital absence of the pericardium, partial or complete, was rarely made before postmortem examination or thoracotomy. Roentgenologic findings are usually characteristic in complete absence of the left pericardium and consist of the following: levoposition of the heart associated with midline trachea, prominence of the pulmonary artery segment, an indistinct right-sided heart border that is usually hidden by the spine, a tongue of lung projecting between the aorta and main pulmonary artery and interposition of lung between the left hemidiaphragm and inferior border of the heart. In partial left pericardial defects the heart is usually in normal position, and the abnormality consists of prominence of the pulmonary artery or left atrial appendage, or both. Since cases have been reported of sudden death with herniation and strangulation of a portion of the heart through a partial pericardial defect, it appears that partial absence of the left pericardium is not always innocuous. The presence of symptoms and the possibility of sudden death in partial defects, accompanied by angiographic evidence of herniation of the left atrial appendage through a pericardial foramen, argue strongly for surgical correction of this lesion. However, extremely small defects, or complete absence of the left pericardium, are apparently without lethal potential and do not require surgical intervention.
ERK Phosphorylation Regulates Sleep and Plasticity in Drosophila

Given the relationship between sleep and plasticity, we examined the role of Extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) in regulating baseline sleep, and modulating the response to waking experience. Both sleep deprivation and social enrichment increase ERK phosphorylation in wild-type flies. The effects of both sleep deprivation and social enrichment on structural plasticity in the LNvs can be recapitulated by expressing an active version of ERK (UAS-ERKSEM) pan-neuronally in the adult fly using GeneSwitch (Gsw) Gsw-elav-GAL4. Conversely, disrupting ERK reduces sleep and prevents both the behavioral and structural plasticity normally induced by social enrichment. Finally, using transgenic flies carrying a cAMP response Element (CRE)-luciferase reporter we show that activating ERK enhances CRE-Luc activity while disrupting ERK reduces it. These data suggest that ERK phosphorylation is an important mediator in transducing waking experience into sleep.
Money as Mass Communication: U.S. Paper Currency and the Iconography of Nationalism

This study offers a historical overview of U.S. paper money before and after its nationalization in 1861, drawing attention to its function as a medium of mass communication. Building upon recent scholarship concerning the social construction of money and national currencies, it is argued that U.S. currency is legitimated through visual strategies of rationalization and mystification, whereby the contractual obligations of the state are merged with the sacred bonds of national identity.
PtdIns5P: News and views of its appearance, disappearance and deeds

Accumulated evidence indicates that PtdIns5P, one of the seven phosphoinositides, found now to be constitutively present in yeast, plants and metazoa, serves as a signaling molecule to modulate pleiotropic cellular functions in both the nucleus and the cytoplasm. The enzymatic routes in biogenesis of basal PtdIns5P have remained incompletely understood. The role for candidate kinase PIKfyve that is principally involved in PtdIns(3,5)P2 production, has been questioned. In this review article we scrutinize the past obstacles that prevented the definitive implication of PIKfyve in PtdIns5P biosynthesis from PtdIns and focus on the recent pharmacological and genetic advancements that now make this conclusion well supported. We further summarize our current knowledge of the diverse stimuli modulating PtdIns5P levels, binding partners and regulated cellular process, with particular reference to the available mechanistic insights for the relevant signaling pathways.
Dynamical aspects of the venus 4-day circulation

Abstract Evidence for the 4-day retrograde zonal circulation of the upper Venus atmosphere is summarized. The ‘moving flame’ phenomenon, convective instability to a mean shear and tidal forcing are discussed as possible dynamical explanations for the 4-day rotation. Tidal forcing seems feasible only if momentum diffusion is molecular in nature. Convective instability to a mean shear, although it can account for the magnitude of the 4-day circulation, must be supplemented by another mechanism, the ‘moving flame’ say, to explain the direction of the zonal motion. However, numerical computations indicate that the ‘moving flame’ by itself can account for both the magnitude and direction of the 4-day rotation. It appears that the stable stratification above altitudes of about 60 km is an essential factor in the ‘moving flame’ mechanism for generating the retrograde atmospheric rotation.
The role of perceptual organization in the depth perception of kinetic lattice displays

College student subjects were asked to judge perceived depth in computer-generated displays. In all displays, one lattice of points moved through a stationary lattice in either a rowwise or columnwise direction. No points of the two lattices ever touched. Two display variables, strain and shear, each had a significant effect on depth ratings. Shear, however, was only effective at the level of strain for which depth ratings were high. The results confirm earlier studies in which “topological breakage” information was found to affect depth perception. The outcome of this study suggests that principles of perceptual organization can influence the nature of effective breakage information.
Combining texture features from the MLO and CC views for mammographic CADx

The purpose of this study was to investigate approaches for combining information from the MLO and CC mammographic views for Computer-aided Diagnosis (CADx) algorithms. Feature level and classifier output level combinations were explored. Linear discriminant analysis (LDA) with step-wise feature selection from a set of Haralick's texture features was used to develop classifiers for distinguishing between benign and malignant mammographic lesions. The effect of correlation between features from the two views on the performance of classifiers was investigated. The single view models included: (a) an LDA model with stepwise selection based on the MLO view only (MLO-Only) and similarly (b) a CC-Only LDA model. The feature-level combination models included: (a) LDA based on concatenation of feature sets selected independently from the two views (FEAT_CON), (b) LDA based on the concatenated feature sets along with the corresponding value of each feature from the opposite view (FEAT_COR_CON) if the correlation was below a threshold, (c) LDA based on the average of the MLO and CC feature values (FEAT_AVG). The classifier output level combination models investigated included: (a) average of the outputs of the MLO-Only and CC-Only classifiers (OUTPUT_AVG), (b) maximum of the outputs of the MLO-Only and CC-Only classifiers (OUTPUT_MAX), (c) minimum of the outputs of the MLO-Only and CC-Only classifiers (OUTPUT_MIN), (d) a second level LDA classifier on the outputs of the MLO-Only and CC-Only classifiers (OUTPUT_LDA), (e) product of the output values of the two classifiers (OUTPUT_PROD). The performance of the models was assessed and compared using the ROC methodology to determine if combination models performed better than the single-view models.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Cytoskeletal Elements in the Oral Apparatus of Tetrahymena1

. Extraction of the ciliated protozoon Tetrahymena with nonionic detergents produces a surface-related cytoskeleton that consists of a basic lamina of whole-cell dimensions together with associated microtubule and microfilament systems, including all ciliary basal bodies. The organization of the isolated cytoskeleton has been studied using scanning electron microscopy, and several new features are described in the oral region. Here the ciliary basal bodies are arranged in a very stable and highly complex pattern. This pattern was found to be identical in the four species of Tetrahymena we examined. In addition, various microtubular bundles and two separate systems of filaments were observed in scanning electron micrographs of isolated oral skeletons. The appearance of the deep fiber bundle in preparations of this type suggests that it arises, at least in part, as an extension of the ribbed wall microtubules. On the basis of its distribution within the oral skeleton, one of the filament systems described is suggested to be a contractile system responsible for pinching off food vacuoles.
Biological soft X-ray tomography on beamline 2.1 at the Advanced Light Source.

Beamline 2.1 (XM-2) is a transmission soft X-ray microscope in sector 2 of the Advanced Light Source at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory. XM-2 was designed, built and is now operated by the National Center for X-ray Tomography as a National Institutes of Health Biomedical Technology Research Resource. XM-2 is equipped with a cryogenic rotation stage to enable tomographic data collection from cryo-preserved cells, including large mammalian cells. During data collection the specimen is illuminated with `water window' X-rays (284–543 eV). Illuminating photons are attenuated an order of magnitude more strongly by biomolecules than by water. Consequently, differences in molecular composition generate quantitative contrast in images of the specimen. Soft X-ray tomography is an information-rich three-dimensional imaging method that can be applied either as a standalone technique or as a component modality in correlative imaging studies.