cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The effect of indomethacin on vasopressin-induced antidiuresis in man.

1. The effect of 3 days9 treatment with indomethacin on the renal response to infused vasopressin was assessed in eight healthy volunteer subjects. 2. Indomethacin produced significant weight gain and an increase in serum potassium without a change in creatinine clearance. 3. Although indomethacin reduced maximum free water clearance in five subjects, the antidiuresis produced by an incremental infusion of physiological amounts of vasopressin was no different whether indomethacin had been taken or not. 4. Indomethacin, in the dose we have used, is known to reduce prostaglandin production and we therefore conclude that endogenous prostaglandins do not inhibit the effect of physiological amounts of vasopressin on water clearance, which makes it unlikely that prostaglandins are important in the day-to-day modulation of the response to vasopressin.
Does systemic antibiotic prophylaxis prior to the placement of totally implantable venous access devices reduce early infection? A retrospective study of 1,485 cases at a large academic institution.

Background To determine if ending the practice of administering prophylactic antibiotics prior to the placement of totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) is correlated with an increase in 30-day bloodstream infection–related TIVADs removals. Methods The practice of administering prophylactic antibiotics prior to the placement of TIVADs ended in July 2013 at our institution. We compiled a list of patients who had TIVADs placed between July 2010 and July 2016 and cross-referenced this list to a list of patients who had TIVADs removed between July 2010 and August 2016 to evaluate the 30-day bloodstream infection–related TIVAD removals. Retrospective chart review of all patients was performed to collect demographic information, indication for placement, and type of antibiotic administered, if applicable. Results Over the study period of 6 years, a total of 1,513 TIVADs were placed, of which 28 cases were excluded because of death within 30 days unrelated to TIVAD placement. Of the remaining 1,485 cases, 733 TIVADs were placed in 709 unique patients with prophylactic antibiotic treatment and 752 TIVADs were placed in 709 unique patients without treatment. A total of 8 patients were identified to have TIVADs removed within 30 days owing to infection, of which 4 patients were treated with prophylactic antibiotics. The odds of infection-related removals without prophylactic treatment compared with prophylactic treatment was 0.97 (95% confidence interval, 0.24-3.91; P = .97). Conclusions Ending the practice of administrating systemic antibiotic prophylaxis prior to the placement of TIVADs had no effect on the 30-day bloodstream infection–related TIVAD removals rate at our institution. We do not recommend the use of prophylactic antibiotics for the placement of TIVAD.
Intervention on Wrist and Hand

This chapter summarizes the anatomy, the sonoanatomy, and the interventional techniques for carpal tunnel syndrome, De Quervain’s disease, trigger finger, and carpometacarpal joint of the thumb.
Why Should We Gender?: The Effect of Robot Gendering and Occupational Stereotypes on Human Trust and Perceived Competency

The attribution of human-like characteristics onto humanoid robots has become a common practice in Human-Robot Interaction by designers and users alike. Robot gendering, the attribution of gender onto a robotic platform via voice, name, physique, or other features is a prevalent technique used to increase aspects of user acceptance of robots. One important factor relating to acceptance is user trust. As robots continue to integrate themselves into common societal roles, it will be critical to evaluate user trust in the robot’s ability to perform its job. This paper examines the relationship among occupational gender-roles, user trust and gendered design features of humanoid robots. Results from the study indicate that there was no significant difference in the perception of trust in the robot’s competency when considering the gender of the robot. This expands the findings found in prior efforts that suggest performance-based factors have larger influences on user trust than the robot’s gender characteristics. In fact, our study suggests that perceived occupational competency is a better predictor for human trust than robot gender or participant gender. As such, gendering in robot design should be considered critically in the context of the application by designers. Such precautions would reduce the potential for robotic technologies to perpetuate societal gender stereotypes. CCS CONCEPTS Human-centered computing → Empirical studies in HCI. ACM Reference Format: De’Aira Bryant, Jason Borenstein and Ayanna Howard. 2020. Why Should We Gender? The Effect of Robot Gendering and Occupational Stereotypes on Human Trust and Perceived Competency. In Proceedings of 2020 ACM Conference on Human-Robot Interaction (HRI’20), March 23-26, 2020, Cambridge, UK. ACM, New York, NY, USA, 9 pages. https://doi.org/10.1145/3319502.3374778
Impacts of pulse pileup, charge sharing, and anti-charge sharing on the noise power spectra of photon counting detectors: theoretical analysis and experimental demonstrations (Conference Presentation)

This Conference Presentation, "Impacts of pulse pileup, charge sharing, and anti-charge sharing on the noise power spectra of photon counting detectors: theoretical analysis and experimental demonstrations," was recorded at Medical Imaging 2020 held in Houston, Texas, United States.
Propidium monoazide for viable Salmonella enterica detection by PCR and LAMP assays in comparison to RNA-based RT-PCR, RT-LAMP, and culture-based assays

Rapid and sensitive detection of live/infectious foodborne pathogens is urgently needed in order to prevent outbreaks and food recalls. This study aimed to (1) evaluate the incorporation of propidium monoazide (PMA) into PCR or LAMP assays to selectively detect viable Salmonella Enteritidis following sublethal heat or UV treatment, and autoclave sterilization; and (2) compare the detection of PMA-PCR and PMA-LAMP to DNA-based PCR and LAMP (without PMA), RNA-based RT-PCR and RT-LAMP, and culture-based methods. Nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) from 1-mL S. Enteritidis samples were used for PCR, RT-PCR, LAMP, and RT-LAMP assays. Serially diluted samples were plated on Xylose Lysine Tergitol-4 agar for cultural enumeration. Comparable detection of overnight cultured S. Enteritidis was obtained by PMA-PCR, PCR, and RT-PCR, though 1 to 2 log less sensitive than cultural assays. PMA-LAMP and RT-LAMP showed similar detection of overnight cultures, being 1 to 2 log less sensitive than the LAMP assay, and ∼4 log less than culture-based detection. Autoclaved S. Enteritidis did not test positive by RNA-based methods or PMA-PCR, but PMA-LAMP showed detection of 1 log CFU/mL. PMA-PCR and RT-PCR showed comparable detection of sublethal heat-treated cells to cultural assays, while PMA-LAMP showed 1 to 2 log less detection. Our results suggest that PMA-PCR and PMA-LAMP assays are not suitable for selective viable cell detection after UV treatment. While PMA-LAMP assay needs optimization, PMA-PCR shows promise for live/viable S. Enteritidis detection. PMA-PCR shows potential for routine testing in the food industry with results within 1-day, albeit depending on the inactivation method employed.
From Traffic Sensor Data To Semantic Traffic Descriptions: The Test Area Autonomous Driving Baden-Württemberg Dataset (TAF-BW Dataset)

The validation and verification (V&V) of highly automated driving depends on reference data in the different steps of the development process. While there exist a variety of datasets to optimize and benchmark perception algorithms, large trajectory datasets with complex interactions between traffic participants are quite rare. Such data offers the opportunity to derive virtual traffic scenarios and road user behaviour models that can be used to evaluate in-vehicle perception systems as well as decision making modules.We present the Test Area Autonomous Driving BadenWurttemberg (TAF-BW) Dataset that provides globally referenced road user trajectories extended with context information like traffic light signals and high definition map data recorded in the test area. We point out an exemplary application that becomes possible with the dataset: building semantic scene models that can be used for criticality assessment in traffic scenes. We conclude with a short outlook on future extensions.
Behavior of eccentrically loaded normal weight concrete encased steel columns at elevated temperature

This paper presents an experimental investigation on the behavior of normal weight concrete encased steel (CES) columns eccentrically loaded and exposed to different elevated temperature using an electrical furnace. Four CES columns were tested with cross section dimensions of 150 ×150 mm (width× depth) and 1250mm total length and encased a steel section with dimensions of 70×60× 4×4 mm (total height× flange width× flange thickness× web thickness. The top and bottom ends of the columns were designed as corbels to prevent the premature local bearing failure at the concrete due to axial load. The corbels had a cross section dimensions equal to 240mm ×150mm (width × depth) with a distance between them equal to750mm. The experimental results have revealed that all CES columns have failed by flexural buckling failure mode with concrete crushing at the middle third of the compression side column accompanied with local buckling of the steel section flange. Analysis of the test results has also indicated that when the exposed temperature increases, the failure load considerably decreases. Where, the failure load of the CES columns has decreased by 53.6%, 61.2%, and 63.6% compared to the control CES column when they exposed to temperature of 400°C, 500°C, 600°C, respectively.
Comparison of trauma sustained by civilian dogs and deployed military working dogs.

OBJECTIVE To compare the prevalence of types of trauma, mechanisms of injury, and outcomes among military working dogs (MWDs), operational canines (OpK9s), and civilian dogs (CDs) that sustained traumatic injury. DESIGN Retrospective descriptive analysis. ANIMALS One hundred and ninety-three cases of MWD trauma, 26,099 cases of CD trauma, 35 cases of OpK9 trauma. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS Medical records of MWDs that incurred trauma while deployed to the Middle East were identified, and information was extracted from these records. The resultant database was compared to CD and OpK9s in the American College of Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care (ACVECC) Veterinary Committee on Trauma registry. All 3 groups showed similar trends with regard to type of trauma: penetrating injuries occurred most frequently, followed by blunt injuries for CDs and OpK9s. An equal proportion of blunt and blunt and penetrating traumas were observed in MWDs. Only MWDs sustained trauma from explosions, which accounted for 22.3% of injuries in this group. Animal bite/scratch/quilling and motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) were significantly more prevalent among CDs than MWDs (P < 0.01), whereas injuries from gunshot wounds (GSW) or a knife/sharp object were more common among MWDs compared to CDs (P < 0.01). No statistical differences in survival were observed between CDs and MWDs after excluding civilian dogs euthanized due to financial limitations. CONCLUSIONS MWDs, OpK9s, and CDs experience differences in injury type, mechanism, and outcome. Regardless, MWDs and CDs have good prognosis for survival to discharge after trauma.
Resistance is Not Futile: Challenging AAPI Hate

This Article analyzes how to challenge AAPI (Asian American Pacific Islander) hate, defined as explicit negative bias in racial beliefs towards AAPIs. In economics, beliefs are subjective probabilities over possible outcomes. Traditional neoclassical economics views beliefs as inputs to making decisions, with more accurate beliefs having indirect, instrumental value by improving decision-making. This Article utilizes novel economic theories about belief-based utility, which captures economically the intuitive notion that people can derive pleasure and pain directly from their and other people’s beliefs. Even false beliefs can offer comfort and reassurance to people. This Article also draws on interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary theories about deliberate ignorance, defined as the conscious choice by individuals to ignore certain knowledge or particular information. This Article studies how to change people’s beliefs about what a person of a certain race is likely to do, will do, or has done. This Article defines explicit racism to entail hateful racial beliefs, which can be due to disinformation or misinformation. Hateful beliefs can fuel misunderstanding and violence. This Article focuses on challenging AAPI hate due to the author’s experiences with AAPI hate. This Article examines how and why explicit racism is wrong. This Article analyzes subjective beliefs, hate crime laws, and explicit racism. This Article advocates three ways to challenge AAPI hate: positive racial education and mindfulness, positive racial conversations and communications, and positive racial associations, cultures, and norms.
How to Get a J-O-B: An Eight-Step Program for Lawyer Employment

A program for obtaining lawyer employment, written for law students and lawyers, providing clear guidelines and steps on which one works in conjunction.
Telemetry Retrieval Inaccuracy in Programmable Switches: Analysis and Recommendations

Sketching algorithms or sketches are attractive as telemetry capabilities on programmable hardware switches since they offer rigorous accuracy guarantees and use compact data structures. However, we find that in practice, their actual implementations can have a significant (up to 94×) accuracy drop compared to theoretical expectations. We find that the delays incurred by pulling and resetting the data plane state induce accuracy degradation. We design and implement solutions to reduce the delays and show that our solutions can help eliminate almost all the inaccuracy of existing sketch workflows.
The Pine Island Paradox

In this warm, stimulating brew of personal stories, acclaimed author Kathleen Dean Moore uses the metaphor of an island to challenge the cynicism inherent in the Western worldview. A gifted storyteller with a sly sense of humor, Moore explores three separations brought to us by Enlightenment philosophers: the separation of human from nature, of things near and far away, and of the sacred from the mundane. Challenging each, such as Descartes' idea that humans have a discrete consciousness and can alter creation while remaining unaltered themselves, she reveals why such divisions don't tally with the values expressed daily in the way people live. Moore disguises her philosophical explorations in stories: about vacationing on a tiny island in Alaska, visiting her father in the hospital, watching grouse perform their mating dance in the desert. Throughout, she shows that, when properly observed, the world is full of opportunities to find hidden connections.
G1 Delay in Cells Overexpressing Prostaglandin Endoperoxide Synthase-2

Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of death from cancer in the United States. Continuous use of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) has been shown to reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in humans by 40-50%. Patients with familial adenomatous polyposis who take NSAIDs, such as sulindac, undergo a regression of intestinal adenomas. Rodents exposed to carcinogens that cause colon cancer have a 50-60% reduction in the size and number of colonic tumors when treated continuously with NSAIDs. One common target for these drugs is prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase, also referred to as cyclooxygenase (COX). We and others have shown recently that COX-2 levels are increased dramatically in 85-90% of human colorectal adenocarcinomas and in 40-50% of colonic adenomas. We prepared intestinal epithelial cells that express the COX-2 gene permanently and found that they have altered adhesion properties and resist undergoing apoptosis. We report here that these cells also have a 3-fold increase in the duration of G1, lower levels of cyclin D1 protein, and a marked decrease in retinoblastoma kinase activity associated with cyclin-dependent kinase 4. The delay in G1 transit may relate to the resistance of these cells to undergo programmed cell death, which could affect their tumorigenic potential.
Capacity to interact with t-cell replacing factor correlates with acquisition by b cells of murine differentiation antigen-1.

The objective of this study was to determine whether certain membrane markers on B cells are involved with receipt of a T-cell helper signal. The helper factor, derived from an allogeneic supernatant, is antigen non-specific, non-Ia bearing and, thus, akin to T-cell replacing factor (TRF). The markers are murine differentiation antigens (MDAs) that are detected by two types of isogeneic lymphocyte culture (ILC). In Type 1 ILC replication of neonatal thymic cells is caused by MDA-1 and MDA-2 whereas in Type 2 ILC blastogenesis of adult lymph node T cells is triggered by MDA-2. Bone marrow (BM) cells, known to lack both MDAs, were used to reconstitute X-irradiated CBA/J mice and cells that homed to the spleen were examined by ILC at intervals to determine when the markers arose. In addition, purified splenic B cells from the reconstituted mice were exposed in vitro to sheep erythrocytes and TRF to determine their imimmunological capacity. Spleen cells obtained from mice 12 weeks after reconstitution with BM cells were shown to have acquired MDA-1 and to have the capacity, following interaction with TRF, to produce the maximum number of cells synthesizing IgM and IgG antibodies to SRBC. Spleen cells examined 5–6 weeks following reconstitution expressed MDA-2 but were unresponsive to TRF. BM-derived cells matured earlier in the presence of splenic T cells; they expressed MDA-1 and were able to interact with TRF at 5–6 weeks. On the other hand, BM-derived cells that acquired MDA-2 at an earlier, 2 week interval still remained unable to interact with TRF. These correlations of marker appearances with cellular function suggest MDA-1 may be a receptor for TRF.
Hyperbole in English: A Corpus-based Study of Exaggeration

1. Introduction 2. The characteristics of hyperbole 3. Realisations of hyperbole 4. Using hyperbole: the speaker perspective 5. Hyperbole in interaction 6. Conventionalisation 7. The rhetoric of hyperbole Conclusion.
Basic Needs, Natural Resources and Growth in the Context of North and South - Reply to a Critique (Necesidades Basicas, Recursos Naturales Y Crecimiento En El Contexto Norte-Sur: Respuesta a Un Comentario) (Spanish)

My article "Necesidades Basicas, Recursos Naturales Y Crecimiento En El Contexto Norte-Sur" ("Basic Needs, Natural Resources and Growth in the Context of the Relationships Between North and South") was the object of a commentary, to which this note replies. For any writer, critics are usually welcome, because it helps underline the degree of repercussion of his or her work. I am thankful to Mora & Araujo for his interest in this subject which is obviously important, but I have to correct some errors in his analysis and his logic. For example: Mora & Aroujo criticizes my opinions and in doing so, he cites my article changing words which alter completely the logical implication of what has been published. In fact, he adds a "no" to a sentence where the word "no" does not exists at all in the original. Mora & Araujo criticizes as well my empirical data without offering evidence that contradicts them. Generally, he wrongly interprets the content of my article, as if he was more interested in the rhetoric than in the explicit claims of the article, or, in fact, reality. A useful aspect of his comments is that his points are numbered and I will therefore quote them accordingly. My intention is constructive: I want to clarify and develop, as well as possible, our ideas and practical proposals to face the problems of underdevelopment and poverty, as well as the economical inequality between the regions of North and South.
Medium access control and network planning in wireless networks

Wireless Local Area Networks (WLANs) and Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (WMANs) are two of the main technologies in wireless data networks. WLANs have a short range and aim at providing connectivity to end users. On the other hand, WMANs have a long range and aim at serving as a backbone network and also at serving end users. In this dissertation, we consider the problem of Medium Access Control (MAC) in WLANs and the placement of Relay Stations (RSs) in WMANs. We propose a MAC scheme for WLANs in which stations contend by using jams on the channel. We present analytic and simulation results to find the optimal parameters of the scheme and measure its performance. Our scheme has a low collision rate and delay and a high throughput and fairness performance. Secondly, we present a MAC scheme for the latest generation of WLANs which have very high data rates. In this scheme, we divide the stations into groups and only one station from each group contends to the channel. We also use frame aggregation to reduce the overhead. We present analytic and simulation results which show that our scheme provides a small collision rate and, hence, achieves a high throughput. The results also show that our scheme provides a delay performance that is suitable for real-time applications and also has a high level of fairness. Finally, we consider the problem of placing Relay Stations (RSs) in WMANs. We consider the Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WIMAX) technology. The RSs are used to increase the capacity of the network and to extend its range. We present an optimization formulation that places RSs in the WiMAX network to serve a number of customers with a pre-defined bit rate. Our solution also provides fault-tolerance by allowing one RS to fail at a given time so that the performance to the users remains at a predictable level. The goal of our solution is to meet the demands of the users, provide fault-tolerance and minimize the number of RSs used.
Patient considerations in the management of toe onychomycosis - role of efinaconazole.

Onychomycosis is a difficult diagnosis to manage and treatment is sometimes avoided, as this diagnosis is often wrongly perceived as a cosmetic problem. However, onychomycosis has a negative impact on patients’ quality of life, affecting social interaction, psychological well-being, and physical activities. Onychomycosis is also a risk factor for patients with diabetes, with proven increased rates of cellulitis, gangrene, and foot ulcers. Treatments are only mild to moderately effective, and rates of relapse and reinfection are high. Oral treatments require laboratory monitoring due to risk of hepatotoxicity and may be contraindicated in some patients due to risk of drug–drug interactions. Topical treatments require prolonged application and are not very effective. Efinaconazole 10% solution is a new topical triazole treatment for mild to moderate distal subungual onychomycosis, with good efficacy and without the need for debridement of nails. In onychomycosis of the toenails, efinaconazole 10% solution is documented to have a statistically significant, positive impact on patient satisfaction and quality of life.
Cellular anomalies underlying retinoid-induced phocomelia.

The question of how alterations in cell behavior produced by retinoic acid (RA) influenced the development of skeletogenic mesenchyme of the limb bud was examined in this study. Our established model was employed, which involves treatment of pregnant mice with a teratogenic dose of RA (100mg/kg) on 11 days postcoitum (dpc) resulting in a severe truncation of all long bones of the forelimbs in virtually every exposed fetus. It is shown that RA, administered at a stage to induce phocomelia in virtually all exposed embryos, resulted in immediate appearance of enhanced cell death within the mesenchyme in the central core of the limb bud, an area destined for chondrogenesis. The central core mesenchyme, which in the untreated limb buds experiences a sharp decline in cell proliferation heralding the onset of chondrogenesis, demonstrated a reversal of the process; this mesenchyme maintained a higher rate of cell proliferation upon RA exposure. These events resulted in a truncation and disorganization of the chondrogenic anlage, more pronounced in zeugopodal mesenchyme than in the autopod. We conclude that an inhibition of chondrogenesis was secondary to a disruption in cellular behavior caused by RA, a likely consequence of misregulation in the growth factor signaling cascade.
An end—to—end performance comparison methodology for ATM transport of CBR and VBR encoded digital video

Compressed digital video can be transported on ATM networks using either a constant bit rate (CBR) or a variable bit rate (VBR) network transport service. The use of VBR transport is generally considered to offer some potentially attractive advantages over more traditional CBR transport. These potential advantages include the expectation of improved reconstructed video quality, shorter end-to-end delays and improved statistical multiplexing performance. Unfortunately, most evaluations of the relative end-to-end performance of VBR versus CBR transport of digital video fail to adequately take into account the effects of lost cells in transporting multiple VBR streams which compete for limited network resources. These effects can be avoided with CBR transport using appropriate call admission control (CAC) procedures. Furthermore, these relative performance evaluations are generally not provided under comparable levels of network resource utilizations. Indeed, no methodology presently exists for fairly assessing the relative end-to-end performance of CBR and VBR encoded video at the same level of resource utilization. In this paper, we develop and illustrate a methodology for comparing the relative performance, in terms of the corresponding end-to-end distortion, of CBR and VBR encoded digital video transport for fixed network resources and at identical multiplexing levels. The approach is an extension of a previously developed joint source-channel coding approach for VBR digital video transport on ATM networks. Our objective in this paper is to provide a common comparison framework for CBR and VBR video streams.
Postoperative morbidity of closely staged bilateral carotid endarterectomies: an intersurgical interval of 4 days or less.

The purpose of this study was to determine if there is increased morbidity and mortality with bilateral carotid endarterectomies (CEAs) done with an intersurgical period of less than 4 days compared to historical groups of unilateral CEAs, or those with a greater intersurgical delay. From January 1991 to July 1998,1390 carotid endarterectomies were performed, of which 154 (11.1%) were closely staged bilateral CEAs. Seventy-seven patients (51 male, 26 female; mean age 72.5 years) underwent bilateral CEAs within 4 days or less. Immediate and 30-day postoperative morbidity, including neurologic deficits, cranial nerve deficits, and mortality, were documented. Although controversial, there is no increased morbidity or mortality with bilateral CEAs done with an intersurgical delay of less than 4 days, when compared to the unilateral CEA historical groups.
Language constructs and transformation for hard real-time systems

In practice, time critical portions of hard real-time systems are still implemented in low-level programming languages and manually tuned to meet all the timing requirements. Without a real-time language that supports an appropriate way of specifying timing constraints for a generic hard real-time systems, and high precision timing analysis that is transparent to users, the users will ever suffer from the complex coding and analysis, particularly for systems requiring fast turnaround responses.In this paper, we propose novel language constructs that can be added to any imperative programming language so that the extended language provides users a way to specify relative timing constraints between arbitrary operations at instruction-level. The compilation techniques unique to transformation of the proposed language are also presented as a part of CHaRTS, the Compiler for Hard Real-Time Systems, which generates a valid instruction sequence for a target execution model.
Magnetic neutron scattering of thermally quenched K-Co-Fe Prussian blue analog photomagnet

Magnetic order in the thermally quenched photomagnetic Prussian blue analogue coordination polymer K0.27Co[Fe(CN)6]0.73[D2O6]0.27-1.42D2O has been studied down to 4 K with unpolarized and polarized neutron powder diraction as a function of applied magnetic eld. Analysis of the data allows the onsite coherent magnetization of the Co and Fe spins to be established. Specically, magnetic elds of 1 T and 4 T induce moments parallel to the applied eld, and the sample behaves as a ferromagnet with a wandering axis.
A Life Course Model of Human Rights Realization, Female Empowerment, and Gender Inequality in India

Summary The degree to which females achieve basic human rights in early life plays an enabling role in empowering them during adulthood. A new metric of female status (Full Rights Realization Rate – FRRR) is defined as the proportion of females in early life who fully achieve a basket of basic rights. This metric was developed for four early life stages for females in India. Only small proportions of females achieve life stage specific “full basket” of rights. FRRR in one life stage is positively correlated with FRRRs in subsequent life stages. All FRRRs are positively correlated with adult women’s status.
The temporal relationship between alcohol, marijuana, angry affect, and dating violence perpetration: A daily diary study with female college students.

Although a robust literature documents a positive association between alcohol and intimate partner violence (IPV), there is limited temporal research on this relation. Moreover, the role of marijuana in influencing IPV has been mixed. Thus, the primary aim of the current study was to examine the temporal relationship between alcohol and marijuana use and dating violence perpetration. A secondary aim was to examine whether angry affect moderated the temporal relation between alcohol and marijuana use and IPV perpetration. Participants were college women who had consumed alcohol in the previous month and were in a dating relationship (N = 173). For up to 90 consecutive days, women completed daily surveys that assessed their alcohol use, marijuana use, angry affect (anger, hostility, and irritation), and violence perpetration (psychological and physical). On alcohol use days, marijuana use days, and with increases in angry affect, the odds of psychological aggression increased. Only alcohol use days and increases in angry affect increased the odds of physical aggression. Moreover, the main effects of alcohol and marijuana use on aggression were moderated by angry affect. Alcohol was positively associated with psychological and physical aggression when angry affect was high, but was unrelated to aggression when angry affect was low. Marijuana use was associated with psychological aggression when angry affect was high. Findings advance our understanding of the proximal effect of alcohol and marijuana use on dating violence, including the potential moderating effect of angry affect on this relation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2013 APA, all rights reserved). Language: en
Information retrieval from large textbases

Our objective is to enhance the effectiveness of retrieval and routing operations for large scale textbases. Retrieval concerns the processing of ad hoc queries against a static document collection, while routing concerns the processing of static, trained queries against a document stream. Both may be viewed as trying to rank relevant answer documents high in the output. Our text processing and retrieval system PIRCS is based on the probabilistic model and extended with the concept of document components. Components are regarded as single content-bearing terms as an approximation. Considering documents and queries as constituted of conceptual components allows one to define initial term weights naturally, to make use of nonbinary term weights, and to facilitate different types of retrieval processes. The approach is automatic, based mainly on statistical techniques, and is generally language and domain independent.
Molecular and developmental mechanisms of congenital heart valve disease.

Congenital heart disease occurs in approximately 1% of all live births and includes structural abnormalities of the heart valves. However, this statistic underestimates congenital valve lesions, such as bicuspic aortic valve (BAV) and mitral valve prolapse (MVP), that typically become apparent later in life as progressive valve dysfunction and disease. At present, the standard treatment for valve disease is replacement, and approximately 95,000 surgical procedures are performed each year in the United States. The most common forms of congenital valve disease include abnormal valve cusp morphogenesis, as in the case of BAV, or defects in extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and homeostasis, as occurs in MVP. The etiology of these common valve diseases is largely unknown. However, the study of murine and avian model systems, along with human genetic linkage studies, have led to the identification of genes and regulatory processes that contribute to valve structural malformations and disease. This review focuses on the current understanding and therapeutic implications of molecular regulatory pathways that control valve development and contribute to valve disease. Birth Defects Research (Part A), 2011. © 2011 WileyA-Liss, Inc.
Species identity of geographically distinct populations of the glassy-winged sharpshooter parasitoid Gonatocerus ashmeadi: morphology, DNA sequences, and reproductive compatibility

Abstract Gonatocerus ashmeadi is a common and seemingly widespread egg parasitoid of Homalodisca coagulata , the glassy-winged sharpshooter (GWSS). Location records for G. ashmeadi indicate its natural range to be the southeastern USA and northeastern Mexico (which coincides with the presumed native range of GWSS), and possibly southern and central California (CA) (the adventive range of GWSS). The purpose of our work was to determine whether G. ashmeadi in the USA and northeastern Mexico is one species or a complex of reproductively incompatible sibling species. We used three approaches to determine the species identity of different G. ashmeadi populations: (1) reassessment of key morphological features using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine if subtle morphological differences exist between G. ashmeadi populations which could indicate species differences; (2) to determine if molecular differences exist between G. ashmeadi populations collected from different regions by comparing mitochondrial and ribosomal DNA sequences; (3) mating compatibility studies to determine if different populations of G. ashmeadi are reproductively isolated, or if mating occurs, whether offspring are viable thereby defining species groups on the basis of successful interbreeding. Results from these three areas (morphology, DNA sequences, and reproductive compatibility) have been evaluated collectively; leading us to the conclusion that G. ashmeadi as it is currently viewed is a valid species and not an aggregate of morphologically indistinguishable cryptic species.
Myocardial bridging in adult and pediatric patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy is not associated with poor outcome.

The recent report by Sorajja et al. [(1)][1]that myocardial bridging in adults with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is not associated with an increased risk of sudden death is in agreement with our own study conducted in children [(2)][2], and is in contrast to the suggestion that systolic
Boundedness of the first eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian

We prove that for any p > 1, any compact manifold of three or more dimensions carries Riemannian metrics of volume one with the first eigenvalue of the p-Laplacian arbitrarily large.
The Japanese commercial aircraft industry: déjà vu all over again?

Abstract Despite its small size and modest exports, the Japanese commercial aircraft industry has attracted considerable attention in recent years. Among the reasons for this interest are Japanese performance in other export-oriented industries; the development of a complex web of collaborative arrangements that link a number of large U.S. aerospace firms with Japanese enterprises in the development and production of advanced commercial airframes and engines; and the announcement by Japan's Defense Ministry that domestic firms would undertake a leading role in cooperation with General Dynamics in developing the FSX military fighter. This paper reviews the development of and prospects for the Japanese commercial aircraft industry, concluding that the current dominance of global markets for commercial aircraft engines by U.S. and British firms does not appear to be threatened by an emerging Japanese competitor; nor are the positions of Boeing, Airbus Industrie, and McDonnell Douglas within large commercial transports likely to be affected by developments in Japan during the next three decades.
Kinetic Dissection of the Catalytic Mechanism of Taurine:α-Ketoglutarate Dioxygenase (TauD) from Escherichia coli†

Recent studies on taurine:alpha-ketoglutarate dioxygenase (TauD) from Escherichia coli have provided evidence for a three-step, minimal kinetic mechanism involving the quaternary TauD.Fe(II).alpha-ketoglutarate.taurine complex, the taurine-hydroxylating Fe(IV)-oxo intermediate (J) that forms upon reaction of the quaternary complex with O(2), and a poorly defined, Fe(II)-containing intermediate state that converts in the rate-limiting step back to the quaternary complex [Price, J. C., Barr, E. W., Tirupati, B., Bollinger, J. M., Jr., and Krebs, C. (2003) Biochemistry 42, 7497-7508]. The mapping of this kinetic mechanism onto the consensus chemical mechanism for the Fe(II)- and alpha-ketoglutarate-dependent engendered several predictions and additional questions that have been experimentally addressed in the present study. The results demonstrate (1) that postulated intermediates between the quaternary complex and J accumulate very little or not at all; (2) that decarboxylation of alpha-ketoglutarate occurs prior to or concomitantly with formation of J; (3) that the second intermediate state comprises one or more product complex with Mossbauer features that are partially resolved from those of the binary TauD.Fe(II), ternary TauD.Fe(II).alpha-ketoglutarate, and quaternary TauD.Fe(II).alpha-ketoglutarate.taurine complexes; and (4) that the rate-determining step in the catalytic cycle is release of product(s) prior to the rapid, ordered binding of alpha-ketoglutarate and then taurine to regenerate the O(2)-reactive quaternary complex. The results thus integrate the previously proposed kinetic and chemical mechanisms and indicate which of the postulated intermediates in the latter will be detectable only upon perturbation of the kinetics by changes in reaction conditions (e.g., temperature), protein mutagenesis, the use of substrate analogues, or some combination of these.
The effect of random field errors on the radiation spectra of selected APS undulators

Abstract The effects of the random magnetic field errors are introduced into the calculations of spectral characteristics of tunable undulators for the proposed 7 GeV Advanced Photon Source (APS). Single electron calculations are made for an undulator with first harmonic radiation tunable between 3.5 and 13 keV. Using the universal curves developed by Kincaid [1], the effects of randomly distributed field errors on the first and third harmonics of two proposed typical undulators are calculated. It is found that a lower limit of 0.5% on field errors is more than sufficient for the successful operation of the undulators planned for the APS.
Influence on Rheology of Static and Dynamic Structures in Model Magnetorheological Fluids

This paper investigates the influence of static and dynamic structures on Rheology in a model magnetorheological fluid. Dynamic structures generated under shear are studied using first a rotational rheometer then an optical image processing system. A microscope allowed us to visualize the different patterns thus generated and compare these results to the measurements obtained with the rheometer. It also enabled us to analyze the various initial static structures formed by an externally applied magnetic field. Besides the well known column-dominated and bent-wall dominated static structures we were able to observe novel, concentric, ring like formations under shear. A dynamic yield stress analysis was conducted for each type of structure along with a statistical approach to further characterize and differentiate the various types of magnetic particle arrangements.
A test for the determination of thevitamin C storage

Summary 1. A review of the methods to determine the vitamin C nutrition is given; the applicability of parenteral “tolerance tests” to infants is established. 2. It is shown that, in estimating the vitamin C nutrition, the customaryplasma vitamin C determination is not an adequate criterion. 3. The plasma vitamin C concentration four hours after the injection of the test dose is a better criterion. Values below 0.20 mg. per cent indicate scurvy, below 0.60 mg. per cent serious depletion of the depots. 4. In our series what we have called the vitamin C index seemed to be the most sensitive criterion. Our data are not numerous enough to establish rigid limits, but it seems that an index below 0.8 indicates clinical scurvy, indices between 0.8 and 6 indicate very deficient reserves. In normal subjects the index is usually well above 10. 5. It is pointed out that individuals appear to differ in their vitaminC requirements. 6. An explantion is offered for the discrepancy between the degree of the change noted in the x-ray of the bones and the clinical and blood chemical findings.
Hydrolysis of 1,4‐cyclohexanedimethanol‐based copolyester

The solid state hydrolysis of a copolyester based on a mixture of 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol and ethylene glycol condensed with terephthalic acid was studied at 100°C and 57 to 96 kPa water vapor partial pressure (55% to 95% relative humidity). The equilibrium water sorption in weight percent (C∞) was found to be where P is the water vapor partial pressure in kPa. For specimens 0.32-cm thick, it took about 24 h to reach 0.9C∞. The intrinsic viscosity (IV) was measured and used to calculate the relative change in molecular weight (Mw) from the relationship IV ∝ (Mw)0.7. The decrease in molecular weight was linear with time, and the rate of decrease was found to be proportional to C∞; the empirical correlation is where the rate constant, k, is in day−1. A decrease of 50% in Mw was observed after 22 days at 95% relative humidity.
The Rag GTPases Bind Raptor and Mediate Amino Acid Signaling to mTORC1

The multiprotein mTORC1 protein kinase complex is the central component of a pathway that promotes growth in response to insulin, energy levels, and amino acids and is deregulated in common cancers. We find that the Rag proteins--a family of four related small guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases)--interact with mTORC1 in an amino acid-sensitive manner and are necessary for the activation of the mTORC1 pathway by amino acids. A Rag mutant that is constitutively bound to guanosine triphosphate interacted strongly with mTORC1, and its expression within cells made the mTORC1 pathway resistant to amino acid deprivation. Conversely, expression of a guanosine diphosphate-bound Rag mutant prevented stimulation of mTORC1 by amino acids. The Rag proteins do not directly stimulate the kinase activity of mTORC1, but, like amino acids, promote the intracellular localization of mTOR to a compartment that also contains its activator Rheb.
Electron energy loss study of TiC [111]

The electron energy loss (EEL) spectra of TiC (111) were measured over a wide range of electron primary energies. The electron energy losses below 16 eV were analyzed using the theoretical band calculations of Price and Cooper [11]. The volume and surface plasma excitations were identified from their electron primary energy dependence. Energy losses due to core electrons autoinization effects were identified above 35 eV. We observed a difference in the electronic structure of the surface vs the bulk of TiC. The temperature dependence of the EEL spectra was studied between 300 to 1250 K. The reaction of the TiC surface with ethylene and oxygen was also investigated. The ethylene bonding to the TiC surface was found to be very weak. There is evidence of the formation of surface defects on the TiC (111) surface at high temperatures.
Self-energy radiative corrections in hydrogen-like systems☆☆☆

Abstract The one-photon self-energy radiative level shift of an electron in a Coulomb field is examined. An expression for the level shift which is suitable for direct numerical evaluation, for Z in the range 10–110, is obtained. It is based on the known Coulomb radial Green's functions and not on a power series expansion in Zα. In the following paper, the numerical evaluation of the level shift for the 1S 1 2 state is described.
The reversible phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase of Salmonella typhimurium

Abstract The 46,000 dalton phosphoprotein in Salmonella typhimurium is isocitrate dehydrogenase, an enzyme at the branch point between the glyoxylate and Krebs cycle pathways. The enzyme is phosphorylated by a kinase which is controlled by growth conditions; and it is dephosphorylated by a phosphatase. Acetate, ethanol, α-methylglucoside, and deoxyglucose cause an activation of the phosphorylation reaction in intact cells. A number of other compounds are found to affect the kinase and phosphatase activities. The reversible phosphorylation of isocitrate dehydrogenase plays a major role in the control of the Krebs cycle and glyoxylate pathways.
Differentiated practice: The evolution of professional nursing

Differentiated practice identifies and uses three distinct nursing roles to create a comprehensive nursing care delivery system that meets client needs across the health care continuum. Clearly defined associate degree in nursing, bachelor's of science in nursing, and master's science in nursing competencies present career opportunities for professional nurses at the bedside providing, integrating, or managing client care as well as options in management, education, and regulation. An evolutionary paradigm shift required of all nurses is the awareness that each nurse is not the whole of nursing, but rather each nurse contributes to the whole of nursing. A nursing community comprised of differentiated roles that are mutually valued and well integrated will position nursing as a powerful force in meeting the diversity and complexity of health care needs in contemporary society.