cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulations of Multiphase Particle Deposition on a Nonaxisymmetric Contoured Endwall With Film-Cooling

Designing turbine components for maximum aerodynamic performance with adequate cooling is a critical challenge for gas turbine engineers, particularly at the endwall of a turbine due to complex secondary flows. To complicate matters, impurities from the fuel and intake air can deposit on film-cooled components downstream of the combustor. Deposition induced roughness can reduce cooling effectiveness and aerodynamic performance dramatically. One method commonly used for reducing the effects of secondary flows on aerodynamic performance is endwall contouring. The current study evaluates deposition effects on endwall contouring given the change to the secondary flow pattern.For the current study, deposition was dynamically simulated in a turbine cascade to determine its effects on film-cooling with and without endwall contouring. Computationally predicted impactions were in qualitative agreement with experimental deposition simulations showing that contouring reduced deposition around strategically placed film-cooling holes. Deposition reduced cooling effectiveness by 50% on a flat endwall and 40% on an identically cooled contoured endwall. Although 40% is still a dramatic reduction in effectiveness, the method of using the endwall contouring to alter deposition effects shows promise.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Simultaneous stabilizability of P and KP

It is shown that there exists a common controller which simultaneously stabilizes any given nominal plant P and perturbed plant KP for any given positive real constant K in the standard linear, time-invariant, multi-input multi-output unity-feedback system. The class of plants such that P and KP can be simultaneously stabilized for negative K is also determined.
AN UPDATED LIST OF FLORIDA ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE)

Abstract A list of ants of Florida published in 1989 is replaced to accommodate 49 additional species now known from Florida, and 34 name changes in species already on the 1989 list. Currently, 218 species of ants are reliably reported from Florida.
Modafinil activates cortical and subcortical sites in the sleep-deprived state.

Subject Objectives: To assess the effect of the wake-promoting drug modafinil on working memory and brain activation in the executive network, following a single night of sleep deprivation. Design: Randomized, placebo-controlled, 4-arm, double-blind evaluation of a single 200-mg dose of modafinil on working memory (1-, 2-, and 3back)-related functional brain activation and performance following overnight sleep deprivation. Setting: General Clinical Research Center, Biomedical Imaging Center. Subjects: Eight medication-free men, aged 21 to 35 years. Interventions: Overnight sleep deprivation, single-dose 200-mg modafinil, functional magnetic resonance imaging Measurements and Results: Brain activation patterns and regional signal intensity based on the blood-oxygen level-dependent signal were assessed. The following reaction times were used as measures of performance: (1) attention in the scanner before functional scanning, (2) “back” responses during the active-task block, and (3) attention during the baseline task block. Contrast of activation maps among conditions revealed sleep-deprivation and drug effects, and their interactions. Performance in the deprived state was enhanced by modafinil only at an intermediate (2-back) level of task difficulty and was associated with the recruitment of increased cortical activation volumes. Strong and consistent individual differences in performance were noted on the working memory tasks. Conclusions: Modafinil effectively counters the adverse effects of overnight sleep deprivation on working memory but only when task difficulty is moderate, recruiting extensive areas in the executive network to do so. Interindividual differences in working-memory performance are stable trait characteristics.
Performance, preference, and visual scan patterns on a menu-based system: implications for interface design

This study was conducted to provide evidence for the nature of visual search processes with menus, and to derive design principles for menu-based natural language (MBNL) interfaces to databases. The effects of window size, window activity, and query length were investigated. It was found that longer queries were performed faster with single active windows, but multiple active windows were rated as more 'natural'. Query times increased with query length, as did eye fixation frequencies, fixation durations, and dwell times. Errors were most likely to occur on the longest query. Fixation durations also varied with window size. However, visual behavior depended on the area being viewed and on the interaction between window activity and query length. In contrast with previous studies, it was also found that menus were not scanned randomly. However, scanpaths were less deterministic with multiple active windows and became even more unconstrained as query length increased. User interface design recommendations were derived from the findings.
INTEGRATED REMEDIATION PROCESS FOR A HIGH SALINITY INDUSTRIAL SOIL SAMPLE CONTAMINATED WITH HEAVY OIL AND METALS

A highly saline industrial soil sample contaminated with heavy oils and several heavy metals, was tested for remediation using NRC’s Solvent Extraction Soil Remediation (SESR) process. The sample was provided courtesy of Newalta Corporation, a soil remediation company, based in Calgary, Alberta. Hydrocarbon contaminants were removed by applying both single and multistage extraction, using toluene as the solvent. Heavy metal fixation was achieved by incorporating metal binding agents into the soil agglomerates formed during the solvent extraction of organic contaminants.
WarpPool: sharing requests with inter-warp coalescing for throughput processors

Although graphics processing units (GPUs) are capable of high compute throughput, their memory systems need to supply the arithmetic pipelines with data at a sufficient rate to avoid stalls. For benchmarks that have divergent access patterns or cause the L1 cache to run out of resources, the link between the GPU's load/store unit and the L1 cache becomes a bottleneck in the memory system, leading to low utilization of compute resources. While current GPU memory systems are able to coalesce requests between threads in the same warp, we identify a form of spatial locality between threads in multiple warps. We use this locality, which is overlooked in current systems, to merge requests being sent to the L1 cache. This relieves the bottleneck between the load/store unit and the cache, and provides an opportunity to prioritize requests to minimize cache thrashing. Our implementation, WarpPool, yields a 38% speedup on memory throughput-limited kernels by increasing the throughput to the L1 by 8% and the reducing the number of L1 misses by 23%. We also demonstrate that WarpPool can improve GPU pro-grammability by achieving high performance without the need to optimize workloads' memory access patterns. A Verilog implementation including place-and-route shows WarpPool requires 1.0% added GPU area and 0.8% added power.
to Render the Private Public: William Still and the Selling of the Underground Rail Road

IN HIS BOOK The BLACK Man (1863), William Wells Brown, well known abolitionist and author of the controversial Clotel; or, the President's Daughter, described William Still's interest in the plight of slaves: "The long connection of Mr. Still with the antislavery office, in a city through which fugitive slaves had to pass in their flight from bondage, and the deep interest felt by him for the freedom and welfare of his race have brought him prominently before the public." Brown's assess ment of Still places his life and work in the public sphere. Although William Still (1821-1902) was a well-known antislavery agitator, the nature of his work as head of the Philadelphia Vigilance Committee required him to be more circumspect in his actions than Brown implies. While Still performed Herculean labors on behalf of the fugitive slave population in the antebellum period, he chose to keep a low public profile. He lectured on the evils of slavery in the United States and Canada but was not a part of the influential transatlantic abolitionist community. Still was a visible member of Philadelphia's free black community, and this is where he exerted his greatest influence and earned his reputation as a prominent antislavery man. It was not until the postbellum period, how ever, that Still, through the publication of his book The Underground Rail Road, would be positioned to make the fruits of his private labors public. By doing so Still provided one of the most substantial records of how African Americans, through independent action and interracial alliance, undermined the institution of slavery.1 The publication of The Underground Rail Road in 1872 heightened
Beyond a Bachelor’s Implementing a Graduate School Preparation Program

Advancing the education of Blacks is of paramount importance. Black students are underrepresented in graduate degrees in Science Technology, Engineering, and Math (STEM) fields. Much attention has ...
Neutron-Irradiated Samples as Test Materials for MPEX

Plasma-material interaction is a major concern in fusion reactor design and analysis. The Material Plasma Exposure eXperiment (MPEX) will explore plasma-material interaction under fusion reactor pl...
Delineation of radiation therapy target volumes for cutaneous malignancies involving the ophthalmic nerve (cranial nerve V-1) pathway

Abstract Purpose The ophthalmic nerve (cranial nerve V-1) runs in close proximity to the globe, optic nerve, chiasm, and brain. The purpose of this study was to provide contouring guidance using computed tomography (CT)-identifiable landmarks, based on an analysis of skin cancer patients with V-1 invasion. Methods and materials Radiation oncology planning CT scans were analyzed for landmarks to guide V-1 target delineation from the skin surface to the trigeminal ganglion. Axial and coronal magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) sequences were fused with the planning CT to confirm soft-tissue findings and identify enhancement related to perineural spread. CT/MRI-based anatomic landmarks were catalogued and described on an atlas. Results Soft-tissue and bony landmarks were confirmed as consistently identifiable on CT with assistance from fused MRI. A reference atlas was developed that shows the entirety of the V-1 pathway on consecutive CT slices. Conclusions Initial delineation of the V-1 pathway can be accomplished using CT-visualized landmarks confirmed on fused MRI. This CT/MRI atlas will assist radiation oncologists in delineation of the V-1 pathway.
Orbital atherectomy for severely calcified lesions: More dissections in women but similar 30-day outcomes to men

Calcified lesions are associated with lower rates of successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), greater stent thrombosis, and increased target vessel revascularization. Women undergoing PCI are more often older than men and likely to present with severe lesion calcification. The ORBIT II study, for the first time compares the effect of the orbital atherectomy system (OAS) in men and women undergoing PCI for severely calcified lesions. Although the adjusted risk of severe dissections was higher in women, the incidence of in-hospital and 30-day outcomes was similar to men. Randomized comparisons of the OAS with rotational atherectomy and with stenting without atherectomy are needed to further elucidate sex-based differences in calcified lesion PCI.
Endophthalmitis after placement of a molteno implant

I report a case of early postoperative endophthalmitis following placement of a Molteno implant. Excellent results were obtained by immediate removal of the implant and surgical management of the infection, followed by replacement of the implant.
Wearing Two Hats

Abstract Persons living with HIV disease are reported to be more frequently returning to volunteer or paid work because antiretroviral medications have improved their health, functioning, and productive years. With more HIV-seropositive people available to the workforce, especially as service providers, social service organizations should better understand their experiences, assets, and needs. This article reports on support group sessions with four HIV-seropositive women who were experiencing extraordinary stress levels due to their memberships in several domains: they were living with HIV; mothers of HIV-sero-positive and HIV-seropositive-affected children; partnered with HIV-seropositive men; and working in the HIV field. This discussion is intended to illuminate what social service organizations, managers, and supervisors can do to facilitate job performance and satisfaction for HIV-seropositive workers.
Rate of exchange of sodium and potassium between amniotic fluid and maternal system.

SummaryThe exchange rate of sodium to and from the amniotic fluid was determined by the simultaneous application of sodium-22 and sodium-24. This exchange rate, in opposite directions, was found to be 15 and 16 mEq. of sodium per hour, respectively. The transfer rate of hydrogen, sodium, and potassium from the amniotic fluid to the maternal system was determined by the simultaneous application of tracers for each of these elements. The disappearance constants for sodium and potassium were found to be nearly equal, indicating that the same percentage of these elements is exchanged per unit of time, while that for deuterium was found to be 5 times greater. The exchange rates were calculated as 31.9 moles of water, .014 mole of sodium, and .00041 mole of potassium per hour. It is concluded that the water and electrolytes of the amniotic fluid are in dynamic equilibrium with maternal plasma, each exchanging at its own characteristic rate.
The Mathematical Work of Jacques Hadamard

(1953). The Mathematical Work of Jacques Hadamard. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 60, No. 9, pp. 599-604.
What is the Ergodic Theorem

(1942). What is the Ergodic Theorem? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 49, No. 4, pp. 222-226.
Variable Response to Aspirin Measured by Platelet Aggregation and Bleeding Time

Aspirin has been employed at several dosage levels for vascular diseases such as angina, myocardial infarction, and hypertension in pregnancy. The beneficial effect of aspirin in these diseases is believed to be from the inhibitory effect of acetylsalicylic acid on platelets. The purpose of this study was to compare the effect of the dosage level on platelet aggregation in whole blood and bleeding time. Platelet aggregation and bleeding time were compared after the ingestion of one 81-, 165-, 325-, and 650-mg dose of acetylsalicylic acid. An inhibition of aggregation and an increase in bleeding time occurred at all levels except 81 mg. Some of the subjects showed slight or no change in aggregation or bleeding time after ingesting acetylsalicylic acid for 11 days. Others showed large increases in bleeding time and marked inhibition of aggregation. A comparison of the differences in response indicates that a single dose of acetylsalicylic acid is unlikely to be appropriate for all subjects.
Dynamical behaviors of quasi-one-dimensional vortex states: Possible applications to the vortex chain state

We examine the motion of one-dimensional (1D) vortex matter embedded in a 2D vortex system with weak pinning using numerical simulations. We confirm the conjecture of Matsuda et al. [Science 294, 2136 (2001)] that the onset of the temperature induced motion of the chain is due to an incommensuration effect of the chain with the periodic potential created by the bulk vortices. In addition, under an applied driving force we find a two stage depinning transition, where the initial depinning of the vortex chain occurs through solitonlike pulses. When an ac drive is added to the dc drive, we observe phase locking of the moving vortex chain.
The Influence of Sense of Community on the Perceived Value of Physical Activity: A Cross-Context Analysis

ABSTRACTAs the physical activity marketplace becomes increasingly diversified, strategies for recruiting and maintaining participants have become especially salient. Accordingly, the current study examined the use of a commonly reported outcome of fitness participation, sense of community (SOC), as an antecedent in generating both value and the perception of progress for participants. Three fitness contexts, CrossFit, traditional group fitness activities, and individual gym goers, were chosen based on varying levels of explicit commitment to community building. SOC was first measured in three contexts to explore differences among settings. After establishing differences between groups, multiple regression analysis was employed to understand the ways in which SOC affected dimensions of value. Results indicated that an explicit commitment to community building was positively associated with higher value of the fitness product and perceptions of individual progress. Strategy and benefits for encouraging the ...
Research on computer generated population in virtual global war space

In tactic simulation system exploitation,the influence of common citizen on tactic decision-making and act of war is often ignored or be seen as environment factor.But,in fact,the common citizen’s culture,religion,party and democracy consciousness and such also,often determine the tactic decision-making result and process of war.So,it is needed to model the common citizen and their behavior in a high fidelity tactic decision-making system exploitation.During a tactic system which named virtual Global War Space(GWS) exploituring,a new assume is proposed which named Compute Generated Population (CGP).CGP can give the tactic researching and tactic decision-making training a new visual angle to observe the mutual influence between the act of war and social demos.
Advances in adsorbents for gasoline desulfurization

With the law and regulation of environmental protection becoming increasingly stringent,the requirement for the technology of low sulfur and ultra-low sulfur clean gasoline production is becoming strict.There exists higher investment and operating cost in the conventional hydrodesulphurization tech- nologies.The nonhydrogenation technologies of adsorptive desulfurization is of extensive application prospects due to simple operation,less investment,no pollution and suitable for deep desulfurization. The preparation,mechanism of adsorption,modification,application and effects of desulfurization of several typical absorbent,such as activated carbon,modified molecular sieves,metal oxides,and modified clay, were reviewed.The existing problems of adsorbents were discussed and the prospects of adsorptive desul- furization were outlined.
Analysis on the Reactive Voltage of Pingliang 110 kV Power Grid and olutions

Existence of reactive power in the Pingliang power grid can be attributed to the unreasonable distribution of reactive powertidesandhighervoltageexistingintheHuatingpowernetwork. To find out the causes and to address the problem effectively, the reactivepoweroptimizationcomputationisdoneaccordingtothefour typical modes of the Pingliang power grid, analyses are done for the distribution and compensation of the reactive power in the grid. It is concluded that lowering the system voltage of the 110 kV Huating networkbetherightsolutiontosolvethereactivepowerissue.
Evidence for new endothelial cell binding sites on fibrinogen.

In vitro assays were used to characterize adhesion of human aortic, microvascular and umbilical vein endothelial cells to various forms of immobilized fibrinogen. All three types of endothelial cells adhered to fibrinogen in a manner that was independent of the Aa-chain 572-574 RGD cell binding site. In fact, all three adhered to a fragment of the molecule which is composed of only one D domain (D1) of fibrinogen. A time course study revealed that extensive adhesion of endothelial cells on the ligand coated surface occurred between one and two hours incubation. The anti-fibrinogen yA-chain monoclonal antibody 4A5 as well as 4A5 Fabs, blocked adhesion of endothelial cells to fibrinogen, not vitronectin. The inhibitory effects of 4A5 seemed to be indirect be-cause the endothelial cells adhered to the recombinant fibrinogen y407 (which lacks the y-chain AGDV sequence of the carboxyl terminal 4A5 binding site) as well as they did to normal recombinant fibrinogen. A recombinant fibrinogen lacking the y-chain AGDV sequence, containing RGE in place of RGD at the y-chain 572-574 and 95-97 positions, also supported endothelial cell adhesion. The anti-avb3 antibody, LM609, blocked adhesion of endothelial cells to fibrinogen. The peptide GRGDSP inhibited endothelial cell adhesion on fibrinogen and vitronectin. These results demonstrate that avb3 mediated adhesion (attachment and spreading) of HUVECs to fibrinogen may use a site in the D domain of fibrinogen and is not dependent on the Aa-chain RGD (95-97 and 572-574) sequences, as has been shown in shorter term (where cells were rounded) experiments, or the yA-chain 408-411 cell binding sites. Thus, the data reveal the existence of another unidentified site(s) on fibrinogen which can support the irreversible adhesion (attachment and spreading) of endothelial cells.
Developmental Risks of Inattentive Behavior

The developmental functioning, social, and environmental backgrounds of a community-based, epidemiological sample of 7-year-old children with pure inattentive behavior (I-subtype, n=31, 1.3% of sample) were compared to that of children with pure overactive behavior (HI subtype, n=31) ADHD-Combined type (n=31) and a control group at the Maudsley Hospital, London, UK.
SZGR 2.0: a one-stop shop of schizophrenia candidate genes

SZGR 2.0 is a comprehensive resource of candidate variants and genes for schizophrenia, covering genetic, epigenetic, transcriptomic, translational and many other types of evidence. By systematic review and curation of multiple lines of evidence, we included almost all variants and genes that have ever been reported to be associated with schizophrenia. In particular, we collected ∼4200 common variants reported in genome-wide association studies, ∼1000 de novo mutations discovered by large-scale sequencing of family samples, 215 genes spanning rare and replication copy number variations, 99 genes overlapping with linkage regions, 240 differentially expressed genes, 4651 differentially methylated genes and 49 genes as antipsychotic drug targets. To facilitate interpretation, we included various functional annotation data, especially brain eQTL, methylation QTL, brain expression featured in deep categorization of brain areas and developmental stages and brain-specific promoter and enhancer annotations. Furthermore, we conducted cross-study, cross-data type and integrative analyses of the multidimensional data deposited in SZGR 2.0, and made the data and results available through a user-friendly interface. In summary, SZGR 2.0 provides a one-stop shop of schizophrenia variants and genes and their function and regulation, providing an important resource in the schizophrenia and other mental disease community. SZGR 2.0 is available at https://bioinfo.uth.edu/SZGR/.
Adaptive noise reduction in ultrasound imaging

The solution in assisting practitioners in venipuncture is to design a full autonomous venous access device, which integrating multiple methods of venous detection in performing precision cannula placement [1]. Particularly, B-mode ultrasound and near-infrared imaging techniques are studied to conduct vessel reconstruction. However, low light level intensity and inherent speckle noise are problematic for accurate vessel detection. Thus, an adaptive filtering method is necessary in vessel reconstruction.
Matrix-free time-domain method with unconditional stability in unstructured meshes

We develop an unconditionally stable matrix-free time-domain method for analyzing general electromagnetic problems discretized into arbitrarily shaped unstructured meshes. This method does not require the solution of a system matrix, no matter which element shape is used for space discretization. Furthermore, this property is achieved irrespective of the time step used to perform the time domain simulation. As a result, the time step can be solely determined by accuracy regardless of space step. Numerical experiments have validated the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed new method.
Step Counting: A Review of Measurement Considerations and Health-Related Applications

Step counting has long been used as a method of measuring distance. Starting in the mid-1900s, researchers became interested in using steps per day to quantify ambulatory physical activity. This line of research gained momentum after 1995, with the introduction of reasonably accurate spring-levered pedometers with digital displays. Since 2010, the use of accelerometer-based “activity trackers” by private citizens has skyrocketed. Steps have several advantages as a metric for assessing physical activity: they are intuitive, easy to measure, objective, and they represent a fundamental unit of human ambulatory activity. However, since they measure a human behavior, they have inherent biological variability; this means that measurements must be made over 3–7 days to attain valid and reliable estimates. There are many different kinds of step counters, designed to be worn on various sites on the body; all of these devices have strengths and limitations. In cross-sectional studies, strong associations between steps per day and health variables have been documented. Currently, at least eight prospective, longitudinal studies using accelerometers are being conducted that may help to establish dose–response relationships between steps/day and health outcomes. Longitudinal interventions using step counters have shown that they can help inactive individuals to increase by 2500 steps per day. Step counting is useful for surveillance, and studies have been conducted in a number of countries around the world. Future challenges include the need to establish testing protocols and accuracy standards, and to decide upon the best placement sites. These challenges should be addressed in order to achieve harmonization between studies, and to accurately quantify dose–response relationships.
An experimental analysis of a timber Howe truss

Abstract An experimental analysis was conducted on a wood Howe truss, frequently used in covered timber bridges, to determine forces in counter webs. For appropriate design and rehabilitation of a timber Howe truss bridge, it is necessary to understand the transfer of forces through the truss members, particularly through the counter webs. It is often difficult to properly model and determine forces in the counter webs using structural analysis software. In order to determine forces in counter webs, experimental load tests using strain gages and moving loads were performed on a 1/8th scale physical model of a wood Howe truss. Test results indicate that the counter webs carry a small percentage of the applied loads, which is contrary to our current consideration that counter webs are zero-force members.
Cross-Calibrated Dual-Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry Scanners Demonstrate Systematic Bias in Pediatric and Young Adult Females

Abstract Consistency of dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) scan results is critical for data integrity. For pediatric subjects, the extent to which cross-calibration of DXA scanners alleviates model-to-model scanner differences is unclear. In the current study, DXA bone outcomes were compared for same-day measurements performed using different scanners, cross-calibrated to alleviate discrepancies (Hologic; Discovery A [DISCO] and QDR 4500W [QDR]). Interscanner differences were evaluated in approximately 130 females aged 8–24 yr. Scans were performed in a single session on both QDR and DISCO scanners to compare projected area, bone mineral content, and areal bone mineral density (BMD) outputs for the whole body (total, subhead, head, arm, and leg), forearm (1/3 and ultradistal radius), lumbar spine (vertebra L3 and L1–L4), and proximal femur (femoral neck). Paired t tests evaluated interscanner differences; concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs) evaluated interscanner correlations. Root mean square error coefficients of variation were compared to same-day duplicate DISCO scan root mean square error coefficients of variation for approximately 30 adult females. Deming regression equations were generated for conversion of QDR to DISCO results and vice versa. Interscanner correlations were very high (95% confidence interval for CCC > 0.90), for all outcomes except for femoral neck area and subhead area (95% confidence interval for CCC = 0.83–0.94, 0.57–073). However, QDR values were systematically lower than Discovery values ( p Discovery, p ≤ 0.05) and L1–L4 area, L3 area, and femoral neck BMD (no differences). Most Bland-Altman and Deming regression plots indicated good interscanner agreement, with little systematic variation based on bone or body size. In pediatric and young adult females, subtle but systematic differences were noted between scans obtained on DISCO and QDR scanners, despite cross-calibration, such that most outcomes are systematically higher for DISCO than for QDR. The use of conversion equations is warranted.
Invisible leash: Object-following robot

Citation: Frink, E., Flippo, D., & Sharda, A. (2016). Invisible leash: Object-following robot. Journal of Automation, Mobile Robotics and Intelligent Systems, 10(1), 3-7. doi:10.14313/JAMRIS_1-2016/1
Critical questions: Advancing the health of female Veterans.

Purpose Women are the fastest growing Veteran population in the United States and many receive all or part of their health care outside of the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA). The purpose of this article is to review the healthcare issues of women Veterans and discuss implications for care. Data sources Review of selected literature, VA resources and guidelines, and expert opinion. Conclusions Few providers are aware of the impact military service has on the health of women and fail to ask the all-important question, “Have you served in the military?” Recognizing women's military service can reveal important information that can answer perplexing clinical questions, aid in designing comprehensive plans of care, and enable women to receive the assistance needed to address complex physical and psychosocial issues to improve the quality of their lives. Implications for practice There are gender disparities related to physical health conditions, mental health issues, environmental exposures, and socioeconomic factors that contribute to female Veterans’ vulnerabilities. Many of the health conditions, if recognized in a timely manner, can be ameliorated and shift the health trajectory of this population. Clinicians play a critical role in identifying health risk and helping female Veterans start the sometimes arduous journey toward wellness. Discovering and acknowledging women's military history is critical in ensuring quality care and appropriate decision making.
Progressive accumulation of amyloid‐β oligomers in Alzheimer’s disease and in amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice is accompanied by selective alterations in synaptic scaffold proteins

The cognitive impairment in patients with Alzheimer's disease is closely associated with synaptic loss in the neocortex and limbic system. Although the neurotoxic effects of aggregated amyloid-beta oligomers in Alzheimer's disease have been studied extensively in experimental models, less is known about the characteristics of these aggregates across the spectrum of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, postmortem frontal cortex samples from controls and patients with Alzheimer's disease were fractionated and analyzed for levels of oligomers and synaptic proteins. We found that the levels of oligomers correlated with the severity of cognitive impairment (blessed information-memory-concentration score and mini-mental state examination) and with the loss of synaptic markers. Reduced levels of the synaptic vesicle protein, vesicle-associated membrane protein-2, and the postsynaptic protein, postsynaptic density-95, correlated with the levels of oligomers in the various fractions analyzed. The strongest associations were found with amyloid-beta dimers and pentamers. Co-immunoprecipitation and double-labeling experiments supported the possibility that amyloid-beta and postsynaptic density-95 interact at synaptic sites. Similarly, in transgenic mice expressing high levels of neuronal amyloid precursor protein, amyloid-beta co-immunoprecipitated with postsynaptic density-95. This was accompanied by a decrease in the levels of the postsynaptic proteins Shank1 and Shank3 in patients with Alzheimer's disease and in the brains of amyloid precursor protein transgenic mice. In conclusion, this study suggests that the presence of a subpopulation of amyloid-beta oligomers in the brains of patients with Alzheimer's disease might be related to alterations in selected synaptic proteins and cognitive impairment.
A new species of Cretalamna sensu stricto (Lamniformes, Otodontidae) from the Late Cretaceous (Santonian-Campanian) of Alabama, USA.

Decades of collecting from exposures of the Upper Cretaceous Tombigbee Sand Member of the Eutaw Formation and Mooreville Chalk in Alabama, USA has produced large numbers of isolated Cretalamna (sensu stricto) teeth. Many of these teeth had formerly been assigned to the extinct Late Cretaceous shark Cretalamna appendiculata (Agassiz, 1843), a taxon that is now considered largely restricted to the Turonian of Europe. Recent studies have shed light on the diversity of Late Cretaceous Cretalamna (s.s.) taxa, and here we recognize a new species from Alabama, Cretalamna bryanti. The teeth of C. bryanti sp. nov. appear aligned with the members of the Cretalamna borealis species group, but can be distinguished from these other species by a combination of the following: anterior teeth with a more pronounced and triangular lingual root protuberance, broader triangular cusp, and a taller root relative to the height of the crown; anteriorly situated lateroposterior teeth have a distally inclined or hooked main cusp and more than one pair of lateral cusplets; and lateroposterior teeth have a strong distally hooked main cusp and a root that is largely symmetrical in basal view. At present, C. bryanti sp. nov. is stratigraphically confined to the Santonian/Campanian Dicarinella asymetrica Sigal, 1952 and Globotruncanita elevata Brotzen, 1934 Planktonic Foraminiferal Zones within the Tombigbee Sand Member of the Eutaw Formation and Mooreville Chalk, and teeth have been collected from only four counties in central and western Alabama. The recognition of C. bryanti sp. nov. in Alabama adds to our knowledge on the diversity and distribution of Late Cretaceous otodontids in the region.
An Evaluation of LES Turbulence Models for Scalar Mixing in the Stratocumulus-Capped Boundary Layer

AbstractThe stratocumulus cloud–capped boundary layer under a sharp inversion is a challenging regime for large-eddy simulation (LES). Here, data from the first research flight of the Second Dynami...
Differential roles of resistance to proactive interference and suppression of prepotent responses in overgeneral memory.

Abstract Background and objectives Overgeneral memory (OGM), difficulty in retrieving specific autobiographical memories, is a robust phenomenon related to the onset and course of depressive and posttraumatic stress disorders. Inhibitory mechanisms are theorized to underlie OGM; however, empirical support for this link is equivocal. The current study examines the differential roles of two aspects of inhibitory control in association with OGM: suppression of prepotent responses and resistance to proactive interference (PI). Only resistance to PI was expected to be negatively related to OGM, whereby individuals with greater ability to resist PI would have reduced OGM. Method Participants (n = 49) completed a self-report measure of depressive symptoms and engaged in two tasks aimed at assessing resistance to PI and suppression of prepotent responses. Participants also completed a task assessing overgeneral autobiographical memory. Results As hypothesized, resistance to PI, but not suppression of prepotent responses negatively predicted OGM above and beyond the influence of depressive symptoms. Limitations Because a double dissociation was not examined, we cannot address the potential independence of the submechanisms of inhibitory control that we assessed. Conclusions Results exemplify the differential associations of two components of inhibition and OGM, suggesting that resistance to PI, in particular, may contribute to the development and/or maintenance of OGM and associated depressive disorders. Directions for future research are discussed.
Relations and Digraphs

Relations and digraphs (directed graphs) are ubiquitous in the the- ory of loop transformations. To study something as basic as the execution ordering of the iterations of a loop nest, we need to know about several ways of partially ordering integer vectors. The most important concept in loop transformations, namely that of depen- dence, can be viewed as a relation between the members of a certain set. This set could be the set of iterations of a loop nest, or the set of statements in the body of the nest, or the set of instances of the statements. We can even go to a lower level and talk about dependence between ‘loads’ and ‘stores,’ or to a higher level and discuss dependence between large parts of a program.
Transactions among thinness expectancies, depression, and binge eating in the prediction of adolescent weight control behaviors

Objective Binge eating, the transdiagnostic risk associated with depression, and the eating disorder-specific risk associated with expectancies for reinforcement from thinness have been identified as risk factors for the development of weight control behaviors. The purpose of this study was to examine if these risk factors transact to further predict risk in youth. Method Binge eating, depressive symptoms, thinness expectancies, and weight control behaviors were assessed in 1,758 adolescents three times during the transitional period between middle school and high school. We tested six different possible transactional processes. Results Mediation tests demonstrated that both 8th grade binge eating and 8th grade depressive symptoms predicted 10th grade weight control behaviors through their predictive influence on thinness expectancies in 9th grade. However, our results were not consistent with a mediational process in which 8th grade thinness expectancies predicted 9th grade depression to further predict 10th grade weight control behaviors. No interactions among binge eating, depressive symptoms, or thinness expectancies predicted weight control. Results did not differ between girls and boys. Discussion Thinness expectancies appear to mediate the predictive influence of binge eating and depressive symptoms on risk for engaging in weight control behaviors. These results add to theoretical understanding of risk and suggests potential intervention pathways for clinicians.
A Foreword from the Editor-in-Chief

Cancer is a devastating disease that suffered so many lives and families throughout of the world, and is becoming an increasing burden to our society. Thanks to the advances in both basic cancer biology and clinical diagnostic/therapeutic treatments, cancer patients’ mortality has been significantly decreased in the past decades. Specifically, recent breakthrough in cancer immunology and immunotherapy has shed a bright light for cancer patients to guide them to fight the cancer via harnessing their own immune system, as some patients even with advanced diseases showed long-term remission and durable responses after immunotherapy. Although this new cancer treatment can only benefit a subset of cancer patients, it clearly suggests to us that patient’s immune cells have the capability to fight against cancer. It is just a matter of how to use them. As a peer-reviewed open journal, the Journal of Oncology Research is dedicated to publish most cutting edge research with a focus on how cancer invades our immune system and how to develop effective strategies to reverse this invasion. Journal of Oncology Research aims to discover innovative methods, theories and studies in Oncology by publishing original articles, case studies and comprehensive reviews. We hope that Journal of Oncology Research will become an important platform for our scientists to share their exciting results and for our readers to seek fertile and reliable source of information. We will look for research in the following topics, but not limited: Cancer immunology and immunotherapy : This topic will cover new basic molecular and cellular mechanisms of interactions between tumor cells and immune system; new therapeutic combinations to boost cancer immunotherapy; and new prognostic indicators. Tumor-derived exosomes : This topic will cover new findings in understanding how tumor-derived exosomes interact with immune system, tumor immunity, and tumor-associated fibroblasts. Metastasis : This topic will include new findings in investigating novel mechanisms of cancer metastasis including how tumor cells invade primary tissues, exit from circulation into distant organs, and promote niche formation in metastatic organs. Microbiome and cancer : This topic will cover the new investigations in understanding the role of microbiota in cancer progression and therapeutic outcomes. Cancer nanotechnology : This topic will include new findings in using nanotechnology for early diagnosis, developing novel nanomedicines for targeting and reprogramming suppressive immune cells, and generating immunogenic cell death in combination with cancer immunotherapy. Tumor markers and cancer early diagnosis : This topic will cover the identification of novel markers from liquid biopsy including blood-based assessment of tumor-derived and non-tumor derived exosomes to identify a molecular signature that can inform the disease status of cancer.
Search and Rescue Under the Forest Canopy Using Multiple UAS

We present an autonomous system consisting of multiple unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) for search and rescue under the forest canopy. Our vehicles can be rapidly deployed, can collaboratively explore expanses of terrain efficiently, and are agile enough to operate in reasonably thick forests. We demonstrate the ability to carry out GPS-denied exploration with on-board pose estimation, map inference, and path planning. In addition, we utilize a place recognition system that is able to handle perceptual aliasing unique to a forest environment, and fuse individual areas explored by each vehicle into a globally consistent map. We perform extensive evaluations in both simulation and real-world to demonstrate the effectiveness of our proposed system.
Trauma Activation Responsiveness: An RFID-enabled trauma flowsheet

Manually documented trauma flow sheets contain critical information regarding trauma resuscitations in the emergency department (ED). The American College of Surgeons (ACS) has enforced certain thresholds on trauma surgeons’ arrival time to the trauma bay. Due to the complex and fast-paced ED environment, this information can be easily overlooked or erroneously recorded, affecting compliance with ACS standards. This paper is a retrospective study conducted at a Level I trauma center equipped with an RFID system to investigate an automated solution to evaluate and improve the accuracy of measuring trauma surgeons’ response time to the highest level (red) trauma activations.Clinical Relevance— Demonstration of timely response to trauma activations is required for ACS verification. As real-time location systems become more prevalent, they may improve a hospital’s ability to report accurate response times for trauma team activations.
Developing a P-12 English Language Learner Collection in an Academic Library That Reflects Its Community

The percentage of English Language Learners (ELLs) has grown in public schools across the United States in recent decades. Curriculum materials libraries associated with teacher education programs ...
Predictive ED-Based Pediatric Assessment Tool Identifies Children at High Risk for Infection Related Decompensation

Introduction Disseminated infections in children, including sepsis, are serious conditions that may lead to organ dysfunction, decompensation, and death. Early recognition and treatment are known to improve patient outcomes. Problem A prior chart review examining a six-month period at the study hospital identified 24 cases of pediatric severe sepsis that developed within 48 hours of patient arrival at the ED. The prolonged mean time from arrival to IV antibiotics (5.7 hours) and fluid bolus (4.3 hours) for these patients suggested that an automated assessment tool might expedite disease recognition and treatment. Methods A …
Potential Utility of Synthetic D-Lactate Polymers in Skin Cancer

Increased breakdown of glucose through glycolysis in both aerobic and anaerobic conditions is a hallmark feature of mammalian cancer and leads to increased production of L-lactate. The high-level lactate present within the tumor microenvironment is reused as a crucial biofuel to support rapid cancer cell proliferation, survival, and immune evasion. Inhibitors that target the glycolysis process are being developed for cancer therapy. In this study, we report an approach of using synthetic D-lactate dimers to inhibit melanoma and squamous cell carcinoma cell proliferation and survival. We also provide in vivo evidence that intratumoral injection of D-lactate dimers induced an innate immune response and inhibited subcutaneous melanoma xenograft growth in immunodeficient mice. Our findings support a potential utility of D-lactate dimers in skin cancer treatment and therefore warrant further mechanistic studies.
Nuclear depletion of RNA-binding protein ELAVL3 (HuC) in sporadic and familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis is a progressive fatal neurodegenerative disease caused by loss of motor neurons and characterized neuropathologically in almost all cases by nuclear depletion and cytoplasmic aggregation of TDP-43, a nuclear RNA-binding protein (RBP). We identified ELAVL3 as one of the most downregulated genes in our transcriptome profiles of laser captured microdissection of motor neurons from sporadic ALS nervous systems and the most dysregulated of all RBPs. Neuropathological characterizations showed ELAVL3 nuclear depletion in a great percentage of remnant motor neurons, sometimes accompanied by cytoplasmic accumulations. These abnormalities were common in sporadic cases with and without intermediate expansions in ATXN2 and familial cases carrying mutations in C9orf72 and SOD1. Depletion of ELAVL3 occurred at both the RNA and protein levels and a short protein isoform was identified, but it is not related to a TDP-43-dependent cryptic exon in intron 3. Strikingly, ELAVL3 abnormalities were more frequent than TDP-43 abnormalities and occurred in motor neurons still with normal nuclear TDP-43 present, but all neurons with abnormal TDP-43 also had abnormal ELAVL3. In a neuron-like cell culture model using SH-SY5Y cells, ELAVL3 mislocalization occurred weeks before TDP-43 abnormalities were seen. We interrogated genetic databases, but did not identify association of ELAVL3 genetic structure with ALS. Taken together, these findings suggest that ELAVL3 is an important RBP in ALS pathogenesis acquired early and the neuropathological data suggest that it is involved by loss of function rather than cytoplasmic toxicity.
Logistica 2.0: A Technology for Implementing Automatic Deduction Systems

The Logistica 2.0 Deduction System Implementation Technology is a programming language extension to R5RS Scheme which automatically computes all possible combinations of values of multiply valued subexpressions. Multiple values are generated by multiple definitions of a symbol and by allowing Second Order patterns such as segment variables, which may match in different ways, as the parameters of lambda abstractions. This technology is briefly illustrated with an extensible deduction system involving the derivation of an axiom schema.