cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methodology of an ongoing, randomized controlled trial to prevent falls through enhanced pharmaceutical care.

Abstract Background: Falls are the leading cause of both fatal and nonfatal injuries among adults aged ≥65 years in the United States. Past research suggests that individuals taking multiple medications are at increased risk of falls. Central nervous system-active drugs in particular have been associated with increased risk. Objective: The goal of this research was to describe the design of a study evaluating the effectiveness of a community pharmacy-based falls prevention program. Also presented are the algorithms used to identify high-risk patients based on their prescription profile records and to deliver the experimental intervention. Methods: The study is a randomized controlled trial. The target population was community-dwelling older adults (aged ≥65 years) at high risk for future falls because: (1) they had experienced ≥1 fall within the 12-month period preceding study enrollment; (2) they were currently using ≥4 chronic prescription medications; and (3) they were taking ≥1 of the high-risk medications targeted by the intervention. Participants were recruited using pharmacy prescription profile records. Individuals in the intervention group received a face-to-face medication consultation provided by a community pharmacy resident. Identification of drug therapy problems and therapeutic recommendations was guided by a series of algorithms developed for this study. All participants were followed up for 24 months. The primary study end points were: (1) time to first fall; and (2) proportion of participants who experienced ≥1 fall during the first year of follow-up. Results: Participant enrollment began in September 2005 and was completed in August 2007. A total of 186 individuals were enrolled in the study (mean [SD] age, 74.8 [6.9] years; 132 women, 54 men), and 67 have completed the first year of follow-up. Conclusions: The study is using a rigorous randomized controlled research design, which will enhance the internal validity of its findings. Results of the study, which will be reported after the completion of follow-up data collection activities, will enable us to assess the effects of the intervention on both medication use and the incidence of falls. If the intervention is found to be effective, it will provide a resource for community pharmacists working with older adults at high risk of medication-related falls.
A large column analog experiment of stable isotope variations during reactive transport: II. Carbon mass balance, microbial community structure and predation

Abstract Here we report a combined analysis of carbon mass balance based on isotopic labeling and microbiological characterization during organic carbon stimulated bioreduction of a subsurface sediment in a large laboratory column experimental system. This combination of approaches allows quantification of both the cycling of carbon through multiple redox pathways and the associated spatial and temporal evolution of bacterial communities in response to this nutrient source. Carbon isotope mass balance facilitated by the use of 13C-labeled acetate as the electron donor showed evidence for a net loss of sediment organic carbon over the course of the amendment experiment. Furthermore, these data clearly demonstrated a source of isotopically labeled inorganic carbon that was not attributable to primary metabolism by acetate-oxidizing microorganisms. Fluid samples collected weekly over the duration of the 43-day amendment at
Retardation of hydrogen ion diffusion by gastric mucus constituents: Effect of proteolysis

Summary The role of mucus glycoprotein, lipid and protein in the retardation of hydrogen ion diffusion by dog gastric mucus was investigated. The uniform layer of mucus (1.0 ± 0.2mm thick), formed on the sintered glass support placed between equimolar (0.155M) solutions of HCl and NaCl, caused a 73% reduction in hydrogen ion diffusion when compared with a layer of NaCl. The rate of hydrogen ion diffusion through purified mucus glycoprotein was similar to that of native mucus, whereas a 30% increase in permeability of glycoprotein to hydrogen ion was observed following its delipidation. Pre-incubation of the purified mucus glycoprotein with serum albumin or IgA led to an increase in the ability of glycoprotein to retard the diffusion of hydrogen ion. This effect of albumin and IgA occurred at a physiological dose. About 70% decrease in hydrogen ion retardation was obtained following digestion of purified mucus glycoprotein with pepsin, and 74% following its digestion with pronase. The results show that the ability of gastric mucus to retard the diffusion of hydrogen ion depends upon the polymeric structure of undegraded mucus glycoprotein and the extent of interaction of this glycoprotein with lipids, serum albumin, and secretory IgA.
A comparison of zinc-containing and zinc-free amalgam restorations

lhe deleterious effects of moisture contamination of amalgam alloys which contain zinc led to the development of zinc-free alloys. Laboratory tests show only a modest difference in the mechanical properties of properly formulated zinc and zincfree systems.‘-” Studies concerned with the electrochemical properties of the two types of alloy suggest that they could differ in their clinical behavior,’ but the observations reported have been somewhat contradictory. For example, Mosteller” placed paired restorations of a commercial zinc-containing and an experimental zinc-’ free alloy. They were inserted under a rubber dam so that moisture contamination was not a factor. At the end of one year no difference was detected in the performance of the two alloys. On the other hand, Wilson and Ryge” examined restorations made from zinc and zinc-free amalgam alloys and reported a higher incidence of marginal breakdolvn among the zinc-free alloy restorations. It \vas the purpose of this present study to investigate further the role of zinc in the alloy formulation as it relates to the clinical behavior of the restoration.
Mechanics of removing glass particulates from a solid surface

Abstract A series of experiments underscores the importance of the capillary force in the adhesion of a particulate to a surface. The capillary force resulting from a liquid film between a particulate and a surface remains even after the particulate-surface combination is baked above the boiling point of the liquid for 24 h. A mechanical scrubbing force is required to remove the particulate held to a surface by a capillary force. The force on a particulate applied by an air jet is calculated using Stokes's law modified by Cunningham's correction factor. Furthermore, the force required to roll a particulate off a surface is calculated from the theoretical adhesion force between a particulate and a surface and particulate deformation characteristics. The applied force is in good agreement with the theoretical force required to roll off a particulate.
Twelve-choice probability learning with payoffs

Fifteen human Ss participated in a 12-choice probability learning experiment. There were three sets of probabilities (.14,.0725,.0375), and four sets of payoffs (1, 2, 3, and 4). These event probabilities and payoffs were combined in such a way as to give each event a unique expected value. The Ss’ relative response frequencies were found to be monotonically related to the expected values.
Electrophoretic studies of rattlesnake (Crotalus & Sistrurus) venom: taxonomic implications.

Abstract 1. 1. Electrophoresis of rattlesnake ( Crotalus and Sistrurus ) venom proteins was carried out for 26 taxa (18 species and 8 subspecies) of rattlesnakes. 2. 2. Similarity matrix values, based on protein band comparisons, were subjected to three methods of numerical taxonomic analyses. 3. 3. Suggested changes in rattlesnake phylogeny were alignment of C. cerastes with high mountain rattlesnakes, C. scutulatus aligned with C. tigris , C. mitchelli closer to C. durissus than viridis group, and C. tigris and C. scutulatus are closer to C. molossus and C. horridus than the viridis or atrox groups.
Implications of age of onset for delinquency risk.

A substantial body of research suggests that age of onset is a viable discriminator of risk for chronic versus transient delinquency. Also, a mullivariate model of psychosocial variables (demographics, individual, school, and family functioning) appears likely to provide a comparatively accurate and useful discriminatory model for prediction. These two findings were applied to a normal sample of male adolescents (N=199, ages 15–18) to study the relationship of age of onset to delinquent behavior (as opposed to use of legal status to denote delinquency) and legal status. Additionally, the efficiency and improvement over chance accuracy of a multivariate model developed as part of a larger research project was tested. Results indicated that age of onset is an important and accurate discriminator of extent of subsequent delinquency. Subjects with an early age of onset reported more delinquent behavior, were more likely to be adjudicated, and showed different patterns of delinquency. A combination of demographic, individual, school, and family variables predicted age of onset.
Construction and expression of a synthetic streptavidin-encoding gene in Escherichia coli

A synthetic gene encoding 'core' streptavidin (SAV) [amino acid (aa) residues 13-140 of Streptomyces avidinii SAV] has been efficiently expressed in Escherichia coli from the IPTG-inducible lac promoter of plasmid pET3a. In this system, expression levels are nearly tenfold greater for the synthetic gene than for the corresponding native gene. The synthetic gene was constructed from overlapping oligodeoxyribonucleotides whose sequences were optimized to incorporate codons preferred by highly expressed E. coli genes. Biochemical characterizations by gel methods, aa analysis, N-terminal sequencing, and size exclusion chromatography show that the synthetic gene product purified by affinity chromatography possesses the properties expected for core SAV.
Dynamic response of the intact canine adrenal to infused ACTH

The dynamic response of adrenocortical secretion of cortisol to intravenous infusion of ACTH was studied in 11 dogs 2 hr after hypophysectomy. This response was then compared to the response of the isolated adrenal perfusedin situ with ACTH, studied by Urquhartet al. (1968a,b). The comparison was facilitated by analysis in the frequency domain, effected by Fast Fourier Transform. The mode time for rise to 80% of steady-state secretion rate was 3 min faster for the infused preparation, despite the fact that in this preparation ACTH was distributed in blood and metabolized in part prior to presentation to the adrenal. Power spectral analysis revealed 1.6 times as high frequency power in the response of the infused preparation as in that of the perfused preparation. Complex division of the frequency-domain representations of the two responses led to identification of a transfer function to preface a previously reported model of adrenal response. This transfer function was a negative time delay of 2.6 min. The results indicate that the intact adrenal is dynamically more responsive than is thein situ perfused adrenal. The dynamic description obtained herein can be used for inference of proximal dynamic elements of the adrenocortical control system by a procedure of deconvolution similar to that defined in this paper.
Understanding the political implications of financial internationalization in emerging market countries

Summary The author explores the impact of financial internationalization on prospects for sustainable democratic developing in non-OECD countries. Existing arguments rest on changes in relative factor scarcity drawing from neoliberal trade theory, on governments' decreasing ability to tax increasingly mobile capital, on volatility of flows and on the rising intensity of the “market as prison” phenomenon first identified by Lindblom in a domestic context. The causal logic implied in these different arguments is not consistent with evidence on the determinants of North to South financial flows. A survey of empirical literature on capital flows, organized by a simplified capital asset pricing model, suggests that to the extent international investors in developing countries act rationally, they respond to international liquidity and global interest rates more than the specific actions of host country policy makers. Investor herding and poor information also weaken the chains that supposedly bind Third World governments in an increasingly internationalized world. Financial internationalization does constrain capital-poor countries, but not in the ways alluded to in existing literature. The author concludes by stipulating several hypotheses about the causal link between financial internationalization and social democracy in emerging market countries that are consistent with empirical evidence on the determinants of North to South capital flows.
Multiplex mapping of chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation within targeted single molecules identifies epigenetic heterogeneity in neural stem cells and glioblastoma

Human tumors are comprised of heterogeneous cell populations that display diverse molecular and phenotypic features. To examine the extent to which epigenetic differences contribute to intratumoral cellular heterogeneity, we have developed a high-throughput method, termed MAPit-patch. The method uses multiplexed amplification of targeted sequences from submicrogram quantities of genomic DNA followed by next generation bisulfite sequencing. This provides highly scalable and simultaneous mapping of chromatin accessibility and DNA methylation on single molecules at high resolution. Long sequencing reads from targeted regions maintain the structural integrity of epigenetic information and provide substantial depth of coverage, detecting for the first time minority subpopulations of epigenetic configurations formerly obscured by existing genome-wide and population-ensemble methodologies. Analyzing a cohort of 71 promoters of genes with exons commonly mutated in cancer, MAPit-patch uncovered several differentially accessible and methylated promoters that are associated with altered gene expression between neural stem cell (NSC) and glioblastoma (GBM) cell populations. In addition, considering each promoter individually, substantial epigenetic heterogeneity was observed across the sequenced molecules, indicating the presence of epigenetically distinct cellular subpopulations. At the divergent MLH1/EPM2AIP1 promoter, a locus with three well-defined, nucleosome-depleted regions (NDRs), a fraction of promoter copies with inaccessible chromatin was detected and enriched upon selection of temozolomide-tolerant GBM cells. These results illustrate the biological relevance of epigenetically distinct subpopulations that in part underlie the phenotypic heterogeneity of tumor cell populations. Furthermore, these findings show that alterations in chromatin accessibility without accompanying changes in DNA methylation may constitute a novel class of epigenetic biomarker.
The utility of CA 19-9 in the diagnoses of cholangiocarcinoma in patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis

The utility of CA 19-9 in the diagnoses of cholangiocarcinoma in patients without primary sclerosing cholangitis
Correlation Analysis and Molecular Modeling of Cholecystokinin Inhibitors

Quantitative structure-activity relationships for a series of N-(R-benzoyl)-glutamic acid α-alkylamides as cholecystokinin inhibitors have been elucidated. The relationships clearly define a hydrophobic binding pocket on the receptor which accomodates the alkylamides. A second hydrophobic binding region appears to interact with the benzoyl substituents. Computer graphic modeling suggests that these hydrophobic binding regions correspond to Met 31 and Trp 30 amino acid residues of the peptide agonist. A comparative analysis of potential carboxylate binding via GRID provides a quantitative assessment of similarities and differences between the glutamate inhibors and the peptide agonist
Plasma oscillations in spheres and the magnetoresistance of potassium

Abstract We have observed in potassium the spectrum of the longitudinal helicon oscillations. We have used these oscillations to measure the magnetoresistance and Hall coefficient. In addition, a low frequency method for the measurement of magnetoresistance in metals is demonstrated with experiments on single crystal potassium spheres. The magnetoresistance saturates, but its magnitude depends upon sample history.
On the production of pineuts in relativistic heavy ion collisions

Abstract Using a realistic event generator for heavy ion collisions we have estimated the production rates for “pineuts”, hypothetical bound states of negative pions and neutrons.
New stoichiometric and catalytic organometallic chemistry with actinides. CH activation and phosphine/phosphite coordination chemistry

This short review highlights two areas of recent activity in organoactinide chemistry: actinide-centered homogeneous chemistry in which intra- and intermolecular CH activation takes place on hydrocarbon fragments, and actinide coordination chemistry involving phosphine and phosphite ligands. It is shown that new metal-ligand bond enthalpy data afford a far greater understanding of observed CH activation patterns, and, moreover, support the design of successful new strategies for CH activation on exogenous hydrocarbon molecules. For example, the strain energy of a thoracyclobutane provides the driving force for ring-opening reactions that involve attack on a alkane or arene carbon-hydrogen bond. While phosphines have been shown to be rather unexceptional ligands for organoactinides, the reaction of trialkylphosphites with the organoactinide hydrides {M[(CH3)5C5]2H2}2, M = Th, U takes a different course. In the case of P(OCH3)3, quantitative demethoxylation of the phosphite occurs under mild conditions to yield μ-phosphinidine complexes of the type {M[(CH3)5C5]2(OCH3)}PH.
Effects of insulin and metformin on glucose metabolism in rat vascular smooth muscle

Glucose metabolism in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is characterized by substantial lactate production even in fully oxygenated conditions. Insulin and metformin, an insulin-sensitizing agent, have direct effects on the vascular tissue metabolism. We investigated whether insulin or metformin can induce a switch in VSMC glucose metabolism from lactate production to pyruvate oxidation, by measuring lactate oxidation as determined by the conversion of [1-14C]-D,L-lactate to [1-14C]-pyruvate and subsequent oxidation to acetyl coenzyme A and 14CO2 by pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH). Lactate oxidation was measured in control rat aortic cultured VSMCs incubated for 30 minutes in media with and without additional glucose compared with VSMCs cultured in the presence of insulin or metformin. The addition of glucose to VSMCs decreased lactate oxidation (4.6+/-1.7 v 9.6+/-2.4 pmol/cell/min, P < .001). In the absence of additional glucose, metformin decreased lactate oxidation in VSMCs compared with controls (4.9+/-1.4 v 9.6+/-2.4 pmol/cell/min, P < .01). Metformin in the presence of glucose caused the greatest decline in lactate oxidation (2.5+/-0.4 pmol/cell/min, P < .001). In contrast to the effects of metformin, insulin increased lactate oxidation both with (12.9+/-1.5 pmol/cell/min, P < .001) and without (17.9+/-4.4, P < .01) additional glucose. This suggests that insulin facilitates VSMC utilization of lactate as a source of pyruvate and energy production even during noncontractile periods.
Holography for a small world

The holographic principle asserts that the complete description of the interior of a sphere is a theory which not only lives on the surface of the sphere, but also has $A/4$ binary degrees of freedom. In this context we revisit the question of whether AdS/CFT is fully holographic. We construct states which are localized deep in the interior yet are encoded on short scales in the conformal field theory, seemingly in conflict with the UV/IR prescription. We make a proposal to address the more basic question of which conformal field theory states are sufficient to describe physics within a certain region of the bulk.
Creaming of Rubber Latex

Abstract The creaming of rubber latex was first observed as far back as 1824 when Hancock, working with what was probably Castilloa latex, observed that if this latex is well shaken with three or four times its volume of water and then allowed to stand, a separation into two layers will take place which thus effects a purification of the dispersion. This phenomenon, reported again by Faraday in 1825, is a spontaneous creaming which takes place with latices of large particle size. Latex of Hevea brasiliensis will not cream spontaneously in this manner and, although other methods of inducing creaming, such as the addition of caustic alkali, were previously known, it remained for Traube in 1924 to patent the first method which would prove satisfactory for commercial concentration. Rahn had reported in 1922 that the natural creaming of milk could be greatly accelerated and made more complete if small amounts of gelatin or of similar hydrophilic colloids, such as gum tragacanth, gum arabic, peptone or albumen,...
James Dickson Carr: First Black Graduate of Rutgers College

In 1892 Carr became probably the first black graduate of Rutgers and was on one of very few black graduates in all the colleges of the Northeast. First attending Rutgers Grammar School in 1886, he entered the college in 1888, where he was an outstanding student. Later he went on to receive a LL.D from Columbia Law School. He was an assistant district attorney of New York County and held other offices in NYC government. He accomplished all of this despite many obstacles due to racial discrimination. In 1919 he wrote a remarkable letter, transcribed here, to President Demerest protesting the action of Rutgers football team to pull Paul Robeson from a game because the opposing team would not against a black player.
A ciência social digitalizada: avanços, oportunidades e desafios

Ate bem pouco tempo, os sociologos resistiam em admitir que as mudancas economicas e sociais produzidas pela revolucao da informatica sao tao profundas quanto aquelas provocadas pela revolucao industrial. Mas, pouco a pouco, vemos desenvolver-se uma sociologia digital. Este artigo inicia examinando, em breves linhas, como a busca e o acesso a literatura, enquanto atividade rotineira, cotidiana, das ciencias sociais, transformou-se, a partir das novas tecnologias digitais. Em seguida, o artigo examina especificamente os avancos nas pesquisas do tipo survey, nas entrevistas individuais e nos metodos experimentais, como exemplos das formas em que determinadas abordagens da sociologia se transformaram com o uso de novas tecnologias de informacao e comunicacao. Assim como a Internet, em uma perspectiva mais ampla, estas novas tecnologias apresentam desafios e oportunidades. Para destacar a ambiguidade da situacao, o artigo conclui com uma discussao sobre as oportunidades e desafios que emergem da crescente importância social assumida pelos sites de redes sociais e outras formas de dados digitais, bem como da criacao de ferramentas analiticas para garimpar, extrair e codificar estes dados.
Application of part-whole training methods to evaluate when to introduce NextGen air traffic management tools to students.

The Next Generation Air Transportation System (NextGen) will use advanced technologies and new concepts of operation to accommodate projected increases in air travel over the next few decades. Use of NextGen tools requires air traffic controllers (ATCos) to use different procedures than those required to manage NextGen-unequipped aircraft, and ATCos will need to integrate the 2 skill sets when managing a sector consisting of NextGen-equipped and unequipped aircraft. The goal of the present study was to determine the effectiveness of 2 procedures in the training of student controllers to manage both equipage types. We applied a variant of the part-whole training paradigm in the present study. Using a quasi-experimental design, we trained students from 2 different labs of an internship course to manage air traffic with potential NextGen tools concurrent with their traditional training (whole-task group) or after they had time to learn traditional air traffic management skills (part-whole group). Participants were then tested in their ability to manage a simulated sector consisting of different percentages of NextGen-equipped and unequipped aircraft at the mid-term and after the final week of their internship. Results showed that it is better to train students in manual ATCo skills before introducing NextGen tools, unless the students are of higher aptitude. For more skilled students, simultaneously introducing NextGen and manual tools into their curriculum had little negative impact. Language: en
High-level power analysis for on-chip networks

As on-chip networks become prevalent in multiprocessor systems-on-a-chip and multi-core processors, they will be an integral part of the design flow of such systems. With power increasingly the primary constraint in chips, the tool chain in systems design, from simulation infrastructures to compilers and synthesis frameworks, needs to take network power into account, motivating the need for early-stage communication power analysis.While there has been substantial research in network performance analysis that enabled critical insights into network design, no power analysis frameworks for networks exist. In this paper, we propose such a framework that takes as input message flows, and derives a power profile of the network fabric, capturing both the spatial variance across the network fabric as well as the temporal variance across application execution time. Our analysis is based on link utilization as the unit of abstraction for network power, with contention among message flows modeled through propagation of overflow areas in link utilization functions. When validated against Orion, a cycle-accurate network power simulator, we show that relative trends in network power are well-preserved. We then demonstrate potential uses of our analysis framework through three case studies, from speedup of multiprocessor and network simulations, to facilitating power-aware communication synthesis and compiler code placement.
Latitudinal variations in plankton δ 13 C: implications for CO 2 and productivity in past oceans

Low C-13/C-12 in present-day Antarctic plankton has been ascribed to high CO2 availability. It is reported here, however, that this high-latitude C-13 depletion develops at CO2 partial pressures that are often below that of the present atmosphere and usually below that of equatorial upwelling systems. Nevertheless, because of much lower water temperatures and hence greater CO2 solubility at high latitude, the preceding pCO2 measurements translate into Antarctic surface-water CO2 (aq) concentrations that are as much as 2.5 times higher than in equatorial waters. It is calculated that an oceanic pCO2 level greater than 800 micro-atm is a warmer low-latitude Cretaceous ocean would have been required to produce the plankton C-13 depletion preserved in Cretaceous sediments.
A numerical study on the effect of mobilities and initial profile in thin film morphology evolution

This paper presents a numerical method for simulating the morphology evolution of elastically stressed thin film due to surface diffusion and evaporation/condensation. Elastic stress field is solved by using boundary element method and morphology evolution is simulated by using an integral formulation, which does not require the calculation of surface curvature and has weaker requirement on the smoothness of surface than the formulation based on differential equations. As a model problem, surface morphology evolution of a stressed thin film is simulated to explore the similarity and difference between the surface grooves induced by surface diffusion and evaporation/condensation, the effect of the mobility ratio of two processes when they are concurrent, and the dependence of surface kinetic pathway on its initial profile. It is found that the grooves induced by surface diffusion and evaporation/condensation have different surface features: when two processes are concurrent but surface diffusion process is dominant, increasing the mobility of evaporation/condensation increases the time and groove depth needed to form surface cusps; an initially cracked surface could approach a flat surface first, then after a long slowly evolving period, it gradually develops sharp tips on the surface again. Simulations show that excessive surface area, due to small cracks, notches or other surface defects, could significantly delay the development of surface instability.
Responses of mice to inoculation with low doses of a bat rabies virus variant

Rabies is generally considered a fatal disease, yet neutralizing antibodies to rabies virus (RV) have frequently been found in sera from healthy, insectivorous bats, and mark-recapture studies have demonstrated bats that are still alive years after the first detection of anti-RV antibodies. To explore this phenomenon, we exposed mice to a big brown bat variant of RV, using three routes of inoculation, two doses of virus and two frequencies of exposure. We found the highest rate of seroconversion without mortality in mice that received repeated intramuscular inoculation of the higher dose of virus, and mice inoculated intranasally experienced the highest mortality.
Control of horn flies (Haematobia irritans) and gastrointestinal parasites and its relation with cow–calf performance

The objective of this study was to assess the effects of horn fly and gastrointestinal (GI) nematode control on cow–calf performance with a spring-calving system. A total of 508 cow–calf records from two locations in Louisiana were available for study over two trials (2005 and 2006). Cow and calf pairs were stratified by cow age, calf sex, calf age, calf sire breed and calf sire and randomly assigned to three replicate treatment groups across the two locations. The treatments were: (1) no horn fly or GI nematode control; (2) horn fly control administrated to cows with insecticidal ear tags applied in late-May (start of trial); (3) GI nematode control administrated to calves in late-May, mid-July and late-August (each calf received fenbendazole at the rate of 5 mg kg−1 body weight); and (4) horn fly and GI nematode control as stated above. Length of the trials ranged from 115 to 124 days (late-May to weaning in late-September or early-October). Cows and calves were weighed at the start of the trial, mid-July and weaning. Weekly horn fly counts were conducted. Individual calf fecal samples were collected in late-May, mid-July, late-August, weaning and 10–14 days after late-May and late-August collections. Cows treated for horn flies had lower (P < 0.05) fly counts compared with untreated cows for each trial; however, overall fly counts for the treated cows at one location exceeded over 70 flies per side. Calves treated with fenbendazole had lower (P < 0.01) GI nematode fecal egg counts (FEC) for the 10–14 day post-treatment collections. Calves treated GI nematodes and whose dams were treated for horn flies had numerically higher or greater (P < 0.05) total calf gains (8.6 kg and 11.8 kg) in both trials than untreated calves. Weight gain differences for fenbendazole-treated calves compared with untreated calves were of greater magnitude from mid-July to weaning than weight gain differences from late-May to mid-July in both trials. There were no treatment differences for any of the cow response traits. In conclusion, improvement in calf growth from both horn fly and GI nematode treatments were realized even with marginal levels of fly control and a greater response in calf growth resulted when deworming of spring-born calves occurred when they were 4 months of age or older.
Can the 3He-A texture be electrically oriented?

The polarization contribution to the /sup 3/He--/sup 3/He interaction affects the dielectric anisotropy in superfluid /sup 3/He-A. An improved molecular model of the polarization contribution verifies the results of previous atomic models. Design criteria are discussed for a feasible /sup 3/He-A electrical orientation experiment.
Effect of bivariate regression toward the mean in uncontrolled clinical trials

Estimating treatment effects in the presence of regression toward the mean is a problem arising in truncated distributions and is being recognized with increasing interest in recent literature. Any extraneous source of variability such as within-subject variability and measurement errors can contribute to the magnitude of regression toward the mean. In investigations where subjects are selected for study based on preliminary measurements on two characteristics of interest, truncation and regression toward the mean may occur on both variates. The effects of regression toward the mean depend on the process used to select subjects for study which in turn determines how the underlying distribution is truncated. In this paper we consider the expected regression toward the mean under different selection processes based on a bivariate normal random variable.
First steps in archiving the mobile web: automated discovery of mobile websites

Smartphones and tablets are increasingly used to access the Web, and many websites now provide alternative sites tailored specifically for these mobile devices. Web archivists are in need of tools to aid in archiving this equally ephemeral Mobile Web. We present Findmobile, a tool for automating the discovery of mobile websites. We tested our tool in an experiment examining 10K popular websites and found that the most frequently used technique used by popular websites to direct mobile users to mobile sites was by automated client and server-side redirection. We found that nearly half of mobile web pages differ dramatically from their stationary web counterparts and that the most popular websites are those most likely to have mobile-specific pages.
Coordination dynamics of large-scale neural circuitry underlying rhythmic sensorimotor behavior

In coordination dynamics, rate is a nonspecific control parameter that alters the stability of behavioral patterns and leads to spontaneous pattern switching. We used fMRI in conjunction with measures of effective connectivity to investigate the neural basis of behavioral dynamics by examining two coordination patterns known to be differentially stable (synchronization and syncopation) across a range of rates (0.75 to 1.75 Hz). Activity in primary auditory and motor cortices increased linearly with rate, independent of coordination pattern. On the contrary, activity in a premotor-cerebellar circuit varied directly with the stability of the collective variable (relative phase) that specifies coordinated behavioral patterns. Connectivity between premotor and motor cortices was also modulated by the stability of the behavioral pattern indicative of greater reliance on sensorimotor integration as action becomes more variable. By establishing a critical connection between behavioral and large scale brain dynamics, these findings reveal a basic principle for the neural organization underlying coordinated action.
Does The Administered Salicylate Dose Predict IVIG Treatment Failure in Kawasaki Disease

A sub-group of KD patients fails initial IVIG treatment, develops persistent or recurrent fever and inflammatory signs, and require repeat IVIG or other therapy. Factors contributing to IVIG treatment failure are incompletely understood. We hypothesized that administering lower aspirin doses contributes to initial IVIG treatment failure. Methods: From our database of 394 KD patients treated from 1992-2001, we identified those who received more than one 2gm/kg dose of IVIG. Each was matched with two KD controls by gender, age and illness day at initial IVIG treatment. Data regarding clinical and echocardiographic features, aspirin dosing, and laboratory findings were were assessed and compared for retreated patients and matched controls. Results: 26 patients (6.5%) had been treated with more than one 2gm/kg dose of IVIG, including 20 who were retreated once and six retreated twice. Fifty matched controls were identified. There was no significant difference between patients and matched controls with respect to age, gender, day of illness of initial treatment, and pre-treatment WBC, absolute band count, hemoglobin, albumin, and ESR. Retreated patients had significantly higher pre-preatment absolute neutrophil counts (P=0.008) and total bilirubin levels (P=0.009). No differences in KD presenting clinical features between retreated patients and matched controls, except that peripheral desquamation was noted more often in retreated patients (p=0.043). Although marked differences in aspirin dosing were not observed, a significantly greater proportion of retreated patients than matched controls were initially treated with < 80 mg/kg ASA (35% vs. 12%, respectively [P=0.022] on the first treatment day, 36% vs. 12% on the second treatment day [p=0.020], and 32% vs. 14% on the third treatment day [P=0.086]). Retreated patients had abnormal echocardiograms more foten than mathed controls (p=0.027), mainly reflecting baseline abnormalities. We conclude that lower administered initial doses of ASA may contribulte to IVIG treatment failure and thus to consequent need for retreatment and possibly poorer echocardiographic outcomes.
"Limited capacity" hypothesis in incidental and intentional learning.

Murdock (1965) has proposed the “limited capacity” hypothesis for intentional learning, stating that Ss may have a limited capacity for immediate recall of material learned in a given amount of time, regardless of rate or number of presentations. This study investigates this phenomenon for both intentional and incidental learning. Ss, divided into six groups, learned nonsense syllables printed on different colored backgrounds at rates of 1, 2, and 4 sec. per item. The intentional groups were told to learn the syllables and their corresponding colors; the incidental groups were told only to learn the syllables. In spite of an apparent superiority of the 2-sec. interval, the data indicated that Murdock's hypothesis holds for both conditions of learning; no significant differences were found between the different presentation rates. However, an analysis of trend suggests that a curvilinear relationship may exist.
Correlated Types and Bayesian Incentive Compatible Mechanisms with Budget Balance

Abstract This note presents a condition which guarantees the existence of a Bayesian incentive compatible mechanism with budget balance when agents have quasi-linear utility functions. This condition requires correlation among agents' private signals (“types”), and is (1) simple and easy to verify, (2) good for any decision rule whether efficient or not, (3) valid even if agents' types are mutually payoff-relevant, and (4) true for almost every probability distribution of agents' types.Journal of Economic LiteratureClassification Numbers: C72, D82.
Health care behavior on Nicaragua's Atlantic coast

Abstract Survey methods are used to investigate health behavior in five communities on Nicaragua's Atlantic Coast. Eighteen health behaviors classified as ‘biomedical’ or ‘traditional’ are analyzed according to the ethnicity and educational level of the respondent. Household location (urban vs rural) and material wealth are also analyzed as predictors of health care behavior. Traditional behaviors are found to vary considerably among the six ethnic groups and among the various socioeconomic groupings. Biomedical behaviors are not found to be clearly related to ethnicity, wealth, or education.
Organizing for distance education

Distance education technologies provide the environment for the integration of distributed group support systems (GSS) into existing classroom curricula. Integration of information technology beyond specific courses in the academic discipline is a requirement if transfer of learning to the world of work is to become a reality. The resistance to pedagogical changes through the utilization of technology is partially due to lack of information on strategies about how to facilitate this process. This paper presents a "field-tested" case illustration of the problems and opportunities inherent in developing complex distributed educational systems through distance education technologies. >
Mammalian skin evolution: a reevaluation

Abstract: A 1972 model for the evolutionary origin of hair suggested a primary mechanoreceptor role improving behavioral thermoregulation contributed to the success of late Paleozoic mammal-like reptiles. An insulatory role appeared secondarily subsequent to protohair multiplication. That model is updated in light of new data on (a) palaeoecology of mammalian ancestors; (b) involvement of HRPs in keratinization; (c) lipogenic lamellar bodies that form the barrier to cutaneous water loss; and (d) growth factors involved in hair follicle embryogenesis and turnover. It is now proposed that multiplication of sensory protohairs caused by mutations in patterning genes initially protected the delicate barrier tissues and eventually produced the minimal morphology necessary for an insulatory pelage. The latter permitted Mesozoic mammals to occupy the nocturnal niche ‘in the shadow of dinosaurs’. When the giant reptiles became extinct, mammals underwent rapid radiation and reemerged as the dominant terrestrial vertebrates.
Porphyry copper deposits: Strike-slip faulting and throttling cupolas

Porphyry copper deposits sometimes form during the solidification of stocks of relatively oxidized magma of intermediate composition. Most workers have assumed ore-forming systems have special chemical attributes, but none has been found that is useful to guide exploration efforts. Stocks can form where strike–slip movements generate pull-apart pathways into which intrusions can rise from batholithic magma chambers. Upwelling of buoyant, bubble-bearing magma along the sides of a stock brings magmatic fluid to shallow depths where large bubbles can separate and pool under the cupola separating solidified igneous rock from mobile magma. Where rapid seismogenic movement on the bounding strike–slip fault ruptures the solidified, but hot and ductile carapace, downward propagating extension fractures can drain an accumulation of magmatic fluid. Decompression and cooling of fluid that jets upward into extension fractures causes mineral precipitation. Where strike–slip movements cause pull-aparts to dilate with s...
Calcium and copper transport ATPases: analogies and diversities in transduction and signaling mechanisms

The calcium transport ATPase and the copper transport ATPase are members of the P-ATPase family and retain an analogous catalytic mechanism for ATP utilization, including intermediate phosphoryl transfer to a conserved aspartyl residue, vectorial displacement of bound cation, and final hydrolytic cleavage of Pi. Both ATPases undergo protein conformational changes concomitant with catalytic events. Yet, the two ATPases are prototypes of different features with regard to transduction and signaling mechanisms. The calcium ATPase resides stably on membranes delimiting cellular compartments, acquires free Ca2+ with high affinity on one side of the membrane, and releases the bound Ca2+ on the other side of the membrane to yield a high free Ca2+ gradient. These features are a basic requirement for cellular Ca2+ signaling mechanisms. On the other hand, the copper ATPase acquires copper through exchange with donor proteins, and undergoes intracellular trafficking to deliver copper to acceptor proteins. In addition to the cation transport site and the conserved aspartate undergoing catalytic phosphorylation, the copper ATPase has copper binding regulatory sites on a unique N-terminal protein extension, and has also serine residues undergoing kinase assisted phosphorylation. These additional features are involved in the mechanism of copper ATPase intracellular trafficking which is required to deliver copper to plasma membranes for extrusion, and to the trans-Golgi network for incorporation into metalloproteins. Isoform specific glyocosylation contributes to stabilization of ATP7A copper ATPase in plasma membranes.
Oxidation and mobilization of metallic antimony in aqueous systems with simulated groundwater

Antimony (Sb) is a contaminant of concern that can be present in elevated concentrations in shooting range soils due to mobilization from spent lead/antimony bullets. Antimony in shooting range soils has been observed as either metallic Sb(0) or as Sb(V) immobilized by iron (hydr)oxides. The absence of Sb(III) in soils is indicative of rapid Sb(III) oxidation to Sb(V) under surface soil conditions. However, the major controls on antimony oxidation and mobility are poorly understood. To better understand these controls we performed multiple batch experiments under oxic conditions to quantify the oxidation and dissolution of antimony in systems where Sb(0) is oxidized to Sb(III) and further to Sb(V). We also tested how variations in the aqueous matrix composition and the presence of metallic lead (Pb) affect the dissolution, solid phase speciation, and oxidation of antimony. We monitored changes in the aqueous antimony speciation using liquid chromatography inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LC-ICP-MS). To test which solid phases form as a result of Sb(0) oxidation, and therefore potentially limit the mobility of antimony in our studied systems, we characterized the partially oxidized Sb(0) powders by means of extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). The observed oxidation of Sb(0) to Sb(III) and mobilization to solution is rapid: after 5–15 min of reaction the aqueous antimony concentration reached 50–600 lM. The amount of dissolved antimony and the rate of Sb(III) oxidation to Sb(V) in
Parfit, Circularity, and the Unity of Consciousness

In his recent book, Reasons and Persons, Derek Parfit propounds a version of the psychological criterion of personal identity. 1 According to the variant he adopts, the numerical identity through time of persons consists in non-branching psychological continuity no matter how it is caused. One traditional objection to a view of this sort is that it is circular, since psychological continuity presupposes personal identity. Although Parfit frequently denies the importance of personal identity, he considers his own psychological account of identity important enough to attempt to defend it against the charge of circularity. The aim of this paper is to argue that Parfit's attempted defence is unsuccessful because it ultimately rests on an analysis of the unity of consciousness that is itself either circular or otherwise inadequate.
CRF pretraining and differential magnitude discrimination

Two groups were used in an experiment designed to assess the influence of magnesium pemoline on spontaneous activity levels in goldfish. The first group of 36 was used to evaluate the stability of spontaneous activity over three ½-h trials, and the second group of 60, which was divided into 10 subgroups, received the drug treatment. The suspension was administered intracranially, and dosages varied from 0.005 to 2.5 mg. The results showed that spontaneous activity was depressed significantly under dose levels of 0.5 to 2.5, but no observable effect was seen at dosages of 0.005–0.1.