cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Demand/withdraw communication between parents and adolescents as a correlate of relational satisfaction

The present investigation examined the association between satisfaction in parent‐adolescent relationships and demand/withdraw, a pattern of communication in which one person nags or criticizes while the other attempts to avoid the issue. Fifty‐seven parent‐adolescent dyads participated in a study that involved both self‐report and outsider ratings of demand/withdraw. Frequent demand/withdraw was associated negatively with relational satisfaction for both parents and adolescents. In several instances, this negative association remained even after controlling for the overall amount of conflict in the relationship. These results demonstrate the utility of examining demand/withdraw in parent‐adolescent dyads.
Copine-I represses NF-κB transcription by endoproteolysis of p65

Nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) is a dynamic transcription factor that regulates important biological processes involved in cancer initiation and progression. Identifying regulators that control the half-life of NF-κB is important to understanding molecular processes that control the duration of transcriptional responses. In this study we identify copine-I, a calcium phospholipid-binding protein, as a novel repressor that physically interacts with p65 to inhibit NF-κB transcription. Knockdown of copine-I by siRNA increases tumor necrosis factor α-stimulated NF-κB transcription, while copine-I expression blocks endogenous transcription. Copine-I abolishes NF-κB transcription by inducing endoprotease processing of the N-terminus of p65, a process antagonized by IκBα. Copine-I stimulates endoproteolysis of p65 within a conserved region that is required for base-specific contact with DNA. p65 proteins lacking the N-terminus fail to bind to DNA and act as dominant-negative molecules that inhibit NF-κB transcription. Our work provides evidence that copine-I regulates the half-life of NF-κB transcriptional responses through a novel mechanism that involves endoproteolysis of the p65 protein.
Trying to Make Sense of Developmental Language Disorders

In this article, I share my thoughts concerning what children with developmental language disorders should be called, how they should be defined, and how we might differentiate children with specif...
Modern pollen in the Grand Canyon, Arizona

Abstract Two surface pollen transects were collected from the Grand Canyon, Arizona. One transect consisted of 22 samples collected at river level through the inner gorge, a river distance of 362 km; the other went from the South Rim to the North Rim across the canyon and comprised 25 samples. Both transects show close agreement between local vegetation and modern pollen rain despite large quantities of arboreal pollen drifting into the canyon from upper elevation and rim communities. Pinus pollen averaged 19.3 percent at river level, all of it drifting in from the canyon rims; Quercus pollen, also drifting in, was 5.7 percent. Juniperus, which does occur occasionally at river level, averaged 17.7 percent. The major vegetation communities have different pollen spectra, comprised mostly of local pollen types. The distribution of several plants, particularly Ephedra torreyana, E. nevadensis and Franseria, is clearly recognized in the pollen counts. Chenopodiaceae‐Amaranthus pollen types vary with the amount...
New method for vanishing point detection

Abstract The extraction of 3-dimensional information from an image is a central problem in computer vision. Location of the vanishing point of a line in the image provides its 3-dimensional direction. This paper is concerned with the detection of the vanishing points in an image. A new accumulator space formulation for the whole line accumulation approach is described which fulfills an important property for robustness: the constancy of the detectability of a vanishing point whatever its location in the image plane. It is compared with the Gaussian sphere accumulator space. Results are presented from interpreting indoor scenes of a nuclear plant.
A NOTE ON THE CONCEPT OF APPROXIMATE EQUILIBRIUM IN ECONOMIC THEORY

The problem of the computability of Walrasian competitive equilibrium is considered from the point of view of concepts of approximate equilibrium. Neither the market-clearing nor Negishi approaches to the proof of existence of Walrasian competitive equilibrium give rise to adequately robust notions of approximate equilibrium. This explains the non-computability of Walrasian competitive equilibrium. The problem lies in the economic conception of markets, in particular the inconsistent treatment of information underlying the Walrasian definition. When trade takes place at disequilibrium prices decentralized market exchange redistributes income and economic welfare, and its equilibrium is path-dependent. The set of such equilibrium outcomes, however, in contrast to the Walrasian competitive equilibrium, is constructive and computable.
Intratribal Contention Concerning Indian Gaming Implications for Syncretic Tribalism

As Indian gaming operations proliferate and public deliberations concerning the propriety of casinos intensify, the academic literature devotes little attention to debates within tribes about Indian gaming. This article interrogates this divergence by examining a specific mode of intratribal contention. Gaming-related occupations staged by factions at the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community and the Kickapoo Traditional Tribe of Texas are described. After locating these practices in the context of approximately half a century of Native American contentious politics, the author considers four questions raised by these cases: (a) Does casino gaming, regardless of the class, have a place on the reservation? (b) How should communities manage the social and economic impacts of casino gaming? (c) Who is, and is not, a member of the community eligible to share in the benefits anticipated to be accrued through gaming? and (d) Who is “traditional” and what does traditional mean?
Optical Advances In Projection Photolithography

The economics of circuit manufacture require die size to be minimized to maintain yield potential. As circuits increase in complexity, one way of achieving die size reduction is to reduce linewidths. Average production circuit geometries of 4 µm in 1977 are forecast to be reduced to 2 to 3 µm in 1981. Presently available systems will be able to meet the requirements for these smaller geometries. As these geometries get smaller, tighter tolerances will be required in all process parameters and some procedures will become obsolete. Improvements in optical projection will be made and shorter wavelengths of the exposing illumination will be used to obtain increased resolution. This will introduce a new set of conditions which must be addressed. Finally, as the industry looks to 1982 and beyond, submicrometer geometries will receive more and more attention as will X-ray and E-beam lithography.
Cutaneous window for in vivo observations of organs and angiogenesis.

Abstract Background and objective. The continuous observation in experimental animals of internal organs and processes, such as wound healing and angiogenesis, has been achieved using a variety of transparent windows and chambers. Our objective was to develop procedures for these observations using disposable material for the window and simple surgical techniques. Methods. For observation of wound healing in the mouse kidney, the kidney was externalized and a wedge was excised. An oval window of polyvinyl chloride film was sutured in place in the skin over the wound. The progress of healing of the wound was observed through the window over 10 days. For observation of angiogenesis, adrenocortical cells were transplanted beneath fascia and muscle and a window was sewn into the skin above the site of transplantation. Results. Clear observations could be made using these cutaneous windows over the period of the experiments. Healing of a wound in the kidney was photographed and measured. The growth of new blood vessels over the site of adrenocortical cell transplantation was observed. Conclusions. Continuous in vivo observations of organs such as the kidney and processes such as angiogenesis can be made in experimental animals using this simple technique.
Forecasts and predictions

In recent volcanologic literature, the terms forecast and prediction have generally been considered synonyms. Wadge and Guest [1981], however, in assessing the possibility that Mount Etna would erupt before May 1982, stated that “these are not predictions of specific events but general forecasts … based on the behavior of the volcano during the past seven years.” Lockwood et al. [1976] used the term forecast in anticipating an eruption of Mauna Loa before the summer of 1978 on the basis of historical records. In contrast, Wood and Whitford-Stark [1982] used the terms forecast and prediction synonymously when they anticipated an eruption of Krafla before the end of May 1982 by projecting records from 1975 to the end of 1981; in terms defined here, this statement was a forecast. The fact that all three of these forecasts proved incorrect indicates the relative uncertainty of simply projecting past records and it suggests the desirability of distinguishing, whenever possible, such general statements from more specific predictions based on repeated measurements of changing phenomena on a short time scale.
An Exploratory Investigation of the Relationship between Sport Fans' Motivation and Race

The current investigation was designed to examine racial differences in sport fans' motivation. 65 Euro-Americans and 32 African Americans were asked to complete the Sport Fan Motivation Scale to assess eight different motives of eustress or positive arousal, self-esteem, escape as diversion, entertainment, economics as gambling, aesthetic value, group affiliation, and family needs. The results revealed that Euro-Americans reported higher motivation than African Americans. Further, men and women of the two racial groups differed in their motivational patterns. Discussion centers on the need for research on racial differences in fans' motivation and the possibility that certain motives may be applicable to only a subset of races.
Distribution and relative abundance of neurons in the pigeon forebrain containing somatostatin, neuropeptide Y, or both.

Immunohistochemical studies in several mammalian species and in red-eared turtles have shown that somatostatin (SS) and neuropeptide Y (NPY) co-occur in a substantial proportion of the telencephalic neurons containing either. To explore further the possibility that telencephalic neurons co-containing SS and NPY may be evolutionarily conserved among amniotes, we determined the distribution and co-occurrence of SS and NPY in forebrain neurons in pigeons. Single-label immunohistochemical studies revealed the presence of overlapping populations of SS+ neurons and NPY+ neurons in most of the major subdivisions of the telencephalon. Double-label immunofluorescence studies revealed that in subdivisions of the telencephalon that are comparable to mammalian cortex (i.e., those dorsal and lateral to the basal ganglia), the vast majority of NPY+ neurons were also SS+, whereas a major and regionally variable percentage of the SS+ neurons were not NPY+. In contrast, within the basal telencephalon (including the basal ganglia and several other structures) neurons labeled only for NPY or only SS were more abundant than those containing both neuropeptides. Outside the telencephalon, the only forebrain cell group containing neurons in which SS and NPY were co-localized was in the lateral hypothalamus. A series of double- and triple-label immunohistochemical studies was undertaken to determine the extent of co-occurrence of SS and NPY in striatal neurons and the relationship of these neurons to striatal neurons containing other neuropeptides. In addition, immunohistochemical single- and double-label techniques were employed in conjunction with retrograde-labeling by fluorogold to determine the projections of SS+ and NPY+ striatal neurons. The results indicate that: 1) a population of striatal interneurons containing both SS and NPY exists in pigeons and constitutes approximately the same fraction of all striatal neurons as reported in mammals, 2) neurons containing NPY (but not SS) form a second, larger population of striatal interneurons, 3) neurons containing SS (but not NPY) form a third population of striatal interneurons that is approximately half as abundant as the NPY+ interneuron population, and 4) one-third of the substance P-containing striatonigral projection neurons also contain SS. The existence in pigeons of a major population of neurons containing both SS and NPY throughout the telencephalon, the existence of a population of neurons containing only SS in cortex-equivalent parts of the telencephalon, and the existence of a population of interneurons containing only NPY in the striatum is consistent with findings in mammals and turtles.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)
Performance evaluation of an iterative image reconstruction algorithm for positron emission tomography

An image reconstruction method motivated by positron emission tomography (PET) is discussed. The measurements tend to be noisy and so the reconstruction method should incorporate the statistical nature of the noise. The authors set up a discrete model to represent the physical situation and arrive at a nonlinear maximum a posteriori probability (MAP) formulation of the problem. An iterative approach which requires the solution of simple quadratic equations is proposed. The authors also present a methodology which allows them to experimentally optimize an image reconstruction method for a specific medical task and to evaluate the relative efficacy of two reconstruction methods for a particular task in a manner which meets the high standards set by the methodology of statistical hypothesis testing. The new MAP algorithm is compared to a method which maximizes likelihood and with two variants of the filtered backprojection method. >
Commercial network security—does anyone care?

Since World War II, the US government has had a comprehensive way to deal with communication security. Under pressure from commercial interests, the government moved in the 70's to make some communication security technology available in the form of the Data Encryption Standard.DES has been available for some time, yet there is little interest in the marketplace. The lack of interest could stem from unawareness or unconcern with security or from the feeling that data security is not the weak point in the system.This session will investigate the techniques and vulnerabilities of commercial network security. Panel members will present their experiences with developmental and product activities aimed at providing security in a business environment. The panel will try to stimulate discussion on why there has been no market and what technical characteristics that market should have.
Ptolemy’s Chorographia in the New World: Revelations from the Relaciones Geográficas de la Nueva España of 1579–1581

The art-historical issue raised here concerns some forgotten formal sources for a distinctive cartographic format once commonly informing European map-making, and the specific proposition examined here in some detail is ‘chorographic’ description. Our immediate point of departure are those maps called pinturas which accompanied the Relaciones Geograficas de la Nueva Espana (Mexico) of 1579–81. Modern students of the history of cartography recognize that current knowledge of classical map-making is highly speculative for the lack of any significant surviving examples. Even though the physical products are largely missing, we do know some classical terms for regional to world maps: tabula, forma, figura mundi, orbis pictus, or orbis terrarum descriptio, to which I would like now to add another term, tabulae chorographicae, making reference to a variant cartographic convention for which by far the most complete description is to be found in Ptolemy’s Geography (I, 1). From antique textual references, mainly ekphrasis (descriptions) of lost frescoes with landscape scenes, plus some scanty surviving, specifically cartographic evidence, mostly Roman, precise conclusions can now be drawn about that ancient representational mode – the tabulae chorographicae– which, besides describing the fossilized cartographic technique employed in the Mexican pinturas of c. 1571, likely represents an unrecognized functional precedent for the medieval orbis pictus.
What do virtual "Tells" tell? Placing cybersociety research into a hierarchy of social explanation

Like archaeological Tells, large mounds resulting from the accumulation of human settlement debris, the remains of virtual communities can inform researchers about phenomena operating at many levels. However, for excavations to be effective, they need to be conducted within the framework of a scientific research program. The theory of interactive communication in cyber places developed here distinguishes between the social relationships that emerge from interactive group computer-mediated communication, and the cyber places where such communication occurs. It also links the density and form of cyber material to communication technology types. In so doing, it identifies four distinct levels of analysis: i) individual behavior or social theory; ii) spatial and temporal patterning of artifacts in cyberspace; iii) technology and the parameters of human interaction; and iv) cyber-ecology or online behavior and resource supply. The recognition of four distinct levels of analysis allows for the production of a hierarchy of social explanation for cybersociety. To date, the majority of research into online behavior has focused on the level of social theory. However, a balanced understanding of all levels of the hierarchy is preferable. The theory outlined is also linked to a research program into the material aspects of computer-mediated communication. Research into this under-represented level should inform e-commerce strategists as well as those interested in usability as a group level concept.
A novel Monte Carlo noise reduction operator

Monte Carlo noise appears as outliers and as interpixel incoherence in a typical image rendered at low sampling density. Unfortunately, none of the previous approaches can reduce both types of noise in a unified way. In this article, we propose such a unified Monte Carlo noise reduction approach using bilateral filtering. We extended the standard bilateral filtering method and built a new local adaptive noise reduction kernel. The new operator suppresses the outliers and interpixel incoherence in a noniterative way.
Design of a Miniature Directional Antenna for Geophysical Probing from Boreholes

In this report we describe a design for a miniaturized directional antenna for use in geophysical exploration from boreholes. Mathematical results are given which indicate the antenna characteristics. The concept we use involves an antenna eccentrically located within a high dielectric constant or high permeability sheath.
The Architecture of Cross-Hemispheric Communication in the Aging Brain: Linking Behavior to Functional and Structural Connectivity

Contralateral recruitment remains a controversial phenomenon in both the clinical and normative populations. To investigate the neural correlates of this phenomenon, we explored the tendency for older adults to recruit prefrontal cortex (PFC) regions contralateral to those most active in younger adults. Participants were scanned with diffusion tensor imaging and functional magnetic rresonance imaging during a lateralized word matching task (unilateral vs. bilateral). Cross-hemispheric communication was measured behaviorally as greater accuracy for bilateral than unilateral trials (bilateral processing advantage [BPA]) and at the neural level by functional and structural connectivity between contralateral PFC. Compared with the young, older adults exhibited 1) greater BPAs in the behavioral task, 2) greater compensatory activity in contralateral PFC during the bilateral condition, 3) greater functional connectivity between contralateral PFC during bilateral trials, and 4) a positive correlation between fractional anisotropy in the corpus callosum and both the BPA and the functional connectivity between contralateral PFC, indicating that older adults’ ability to distribute processing across hemispheres is constrained by white matter integrity. These results clarify how older adults’ ability to recruit extra regions in response to the demands of aging is mediated by existing structural architecture, and how this architecture engenders corresponding functional changes that allow subjects to meet those task demands.
Experimental study of plasma evolution in a single post-hole convolute on a 1 MA linear transformer driver

Post-hole convolutes are commonly used in large scale pulsed power devices to combine the current from several sources. The primary examples of convolute use are Load Current Multipliers (LCMs) and current combination from multiple Self-Magnetically Insulated Transmission Lines (MITLs). Sandia National Laboratory's Z-Machine utilizes a double post-hole convolute to combine the current from four MITLs to one load. Current losses in the convolute region on large scale pulsed power devices range from 5-20%.
XX asr o'zbek adabiyotining Amerikada o'rganilishi [The study of twentieth-century Uzbek literature in America]

Intense concern with taking stock of existing scholarship was an important part of the academic culture that emerged in the Soviet Union, and it continues to be central to the academic life of all ...
Nonlinear transforms of ECG signals for digital QRS detection: a quantitative analysis

A class of algorithms has been developed which detects QRS complexes in the electrocardiogram (ECG). The algorithms employ nonlinear transforms derived from multiplication of backward differences (MOBD). The algorithms are evaluated with the American Heart Association ECG database, and comparisons are made with the algorithms reported by Okada (1979) and by Hamilton and Tompkins (1986). The MOBD algorithms provide a good performance tradeoff between accuracy and response time, making this type of algorithm desirable for real-time microprocessor-based implementation. >
Soaking injury and its reversal with polyethylene glycol in relation to respiratory metabolism in high and low vigor soybean seeds

Germination and growth of unaged (high vigor) and accelerated aged (41°C and 100% RH for 4 days; low vigor) soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr. cv. Essex] seeds were severely reduced by soaking the seeds under water at 25°C during the first 1 to 8 h of imbibition. Soaking in 30% polyethylene glycol (PEG) did not injure high vigor seeds and improved the performance of low vigor seeds. Soaking in water increased subsequent RQ values and acetaldehyde and ethanol levels. In high vigor seeds, the increase in RQ lasted only 1 h after transfer to aerobic conditions, whereas in low vigor seeds the increase persisted into the second h. Increases in ethanol and acetaldehyde after soaking were more pronounced in low than in high vigor seeds. The data indicate that relatively short periods under water can cause water uptake injury to imbibing soybean seeds and that this injury can be avoided by osmotically reducing the initial rate of water uptake. Seeds whose vigor has declined during accelerated aging show an additional injury which increases with soaking duration and involves alterations in respiratory metabolism including accumulation of acetaldehyde and ethanol to high, and possibly toxic, levels during imbibition.
Land Use Planning in a Climate Change Context

Although local governance is an experiment in adaptation (and often lauded for being so), climate change is distinct from traditional challenges to local governance. Nonetheless, many local governments are directing agencies to utilize existing and traditional local government tools to adapt to climate change. Local governments, for example, are adopting regulatory rules that require consideration of potential climate impacts in public-sector decisions with the goal of improving local adaptive capacity. Throughout these efforts, it is becoming clear that one of the most effective adaptation tools used by local governments is the power to plan communities. Through land use planning, local governments can increase resiliency to major climate shifts and ensure that our communities are equipped with built-in mechanisms to face and mitigate such changes. This essay identifies some of the most innovative planning tools available to local governments that illustrate the potential to plan for community resiliency. The essay begins by identifying some of the severe impacts local governments will experience from climate change. This part recognizes that not all local governments will experience climate change impacts the same, and that climate change adaptation is contextual. Part II provides an overview and inventory of traditional local governance tools, paying particular attention to zoning and nuisance laws. Part III looks more closely at specific structural tools that form the basic foundation for a wide variety of land use planning adaptation approaches and goals. The final part expands on the structural tools and explores specific mechanisms that can help local governments achieve adaptation goals and avoid catastrophic unpreparedness through proper land use planning in the climate change arena.
Training for public servants

More than 80,000 governmental emptoyees—local, state, and feder—are enrolled in federally-aided training classes in 37 states; 55,000 others receive instruction.
Balancing Teaching and Research Experiences in Doctoral Training Programs: Lessons for the Future Educator

While a variety of alternative careers has emerged for Ph.D. life scientists in industry, business, law, and education in the past two decades, the structure of doctoral training programs in many cases does not provide the flexibility necessary to pursue career experiences not directly related to a research emphasis. Here I describe my efforts to supplement my traditional doctoral research training with independent teaching experiences that have allowed me to prepare myself for a career that combines both into a combined educational program. I describe the issues I have come across in finding and taking part in these endeavors, how these issues have affected my work in pursuing my Ph.D., and how my experiences translate into my hopes for a future education-based career in molecular and cell biology.
Update on the Treatment of Infections in the Pediatric and Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

Although many similarities exist between pediatric and adult critical care, several important distinctions should be made with regard to the treatment of infections. Any discussion of age-related consideration must take into account variations in the pharmacokinetics of antibiotics for infants and children. Important variations are seen in absorption, distribution, and excretion and must be considered in the determination of appropriate age-related dosing. Some variations also exist in patterns of expected flora, suspected pathogens, and patterns of resistance. This is true for both communityacquired illnesses and hospital-acquired infections. Finally, certain infections occur predominately or uniquely in neonates and children. This review addresses these 3main areas for both the pediatric and neonatal intensive care patient.
Natural trans fat, dairy fat, partially hydrogenated oils, and cardiometabolic health: the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study.

This editorial refers to ‘ Trans -fatty acids and mortality in patients referred for coronary angiography: the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health Study’[†][1], by M.E. Kleber et al ., on page 1072. Kleber and colleagues have investigated levels of trans -fatty acids (TFAs) in erythrocyte membranes and risk of total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, and sudden cardiac death (SCD) in a convenience cohort of German patients hospitalized for angiography.1 After multivariable adjustment, they found that higher levels of total TFAs, and specifically C16 : 1n-7t, were associated with lower risk of SCD (for C16:1n-7t, ∼37% lower risk in the top tertile, compared with the bottom). No other significant associations were identified, including for total TFAs or C16:1n-7t and total or cardiovascular mortality, or for C18:1t or C18:2t and total mortality, cardiovascular mortality, or SCD. How should these findings be interpreted, and what are their implications? In any research study—whether in vitro science, animal experiment, metabolic study, clinical trial, or observational epidemiology—the devil is in the details. Such crucial details are frequently overlooked in our modern age of compressed news, internet, and social media reporting. In this case, the first important detail is the population studied. TFA levels were not measured in a general community, but in patients with chest pain or a positive non-invasive cardiac stress test who were hospitalized for coronary angiography between 1997 and 2000 at a tertiary care centre. Accordingly, these were not generally healthy individuals: for instance, at baseline, 73% had high blood pressure, 50% were taking lipid-lowering medication, and 40% had diabetes. Such patients would often be conscious of their symptoms and health prior to hospitalization, and consequently have altered … [1]: #fn-2
Microsatellite loci for Gossypium davidsonii (Malvaceae) and other D-genome, Sonoran Desert endemic cotton species

 Premise of the study: Microsatellite primers previously developed for domesticated cotton ( Gossypium hirsutum ; tetraploid) were screened for their utility in investigating genetic structure and gene fl ow within G. davidsonii and fi ve other wild, Mexican, D-genome cotton species (all diploid).  Methods and Results: We screened 50 microsatellite primer pairs from the Cotton Marker Database, identifying 10 loci as polymorphic within G. davidsonii . In genotyping approximately 200 individuals from four populations, we found that the number of alleles per locus ranged from seven to 17, and mean observed and expected heterozygosity ranged from 0.145 to 0.492 and from 0.436 to 0.734, respectively. We genotyped six to 20 individuals from each of the remaining species, fi nding these 10 loci to cross-amplify in all cases and in most cases to be polymorphic.  Conclusions: These markers may be useful for further investigation of population genetics of G. davidsonii and other wild D-genome cotton species.
Leveraging Big Data to Improve Health Awareness Campaigns: A Novel Evaluation of the Great American Smokeout

Background: Awareness campaigns are ubiquitous, but little is known about their potential effectiveness because traditional evaluations are often unfeasible. For 40 years, the “Great American Smokeout” (GASO) has encouraged media coverage and popular engagement with smoking cessation on the third Thursday of November as the nation’s longest running awareness campaign. Objective: We proposed a novel evaluation framework for assessing awareness campaigns using the GASO as a case study by observing cessation-related news reports and Twitter postings, and cessation-related help seeking via Google, Wikipedia, and government-sponsored quitlines. Methods: Time trends (2009-2014) were analyzed using a quasi-experimental design to isolate spikes during the GASO by comparing observed outcomes on the GASO day with the simulated counterfactual had the GASO not occurred. Results: Cessation-related news typically increased by 61% (95% CI 35-87) and tweets by 13% (95% CI −21 to 48) during the GASO compared with what was expected had the GASO not occurred. Cessation-related Google searches increased by 25% (95% CI 10-40), Wikipedia page visits by 22% (95% CI −26 to 67), and quitline calls by 42% (95% CI 19-64). Cessation-related news media positively coincided with cessation tweets, Internet searches, and Wikipedia visits; for example, a 50% increase in news for any year predicted a 28% (95% CI −2 to 59) increase in tweets for the same year. Increases on the day of the GASO rivaled about two-thirds of a typical New Year’s Day—the day that is assumed to see the greatest increases in cessation-related activity. In practical terms, there were about 61,000 more instances of help seeking on Google, Wikipedia, or quitlines on GASO each year than would normally be expected. Conclusions: These findings provide actionable intelligence to improve the GASO and model how to rapidly, cost-effectively, and efficiently evaluate hundreds of awareness campaigns, nearly all for the first time. [JMIR Public Health Surveill 2016;2(1):e16]
Population Dynamics of Lutzomyia shannoni (Diptera: Psychodidae) in Relation to the Epizootiology of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus on Ossabaw Island, Georgia

Population dynamics of Lutzomyia shannoni Dyar were studied on Ossabaw Island, GA, to define further the role of this species in the epizootiology of the New Jersey serotype of vesicular stomatitis (VSNJ) virus. Bimonthly collections of sand flies egressing from hollow trees from April to November 1991 indicated that there were three generations of sand flies. Data from light trap collections from 1986 through 1989 indicated that similar seasonal cycles occurred during previous years. At this site, we hypothesize that L. shannoni undergoes facultative diapause. Two isolates of VSNJ virus were obtained from female sand flies collected in May and June of 1991. We believe that the virus overwinters in immature L. shannoni and that transovarially infected sand flies emerging each spring initiate a summer amplification cycle in swine on Ossabaw Island.
Experiment in Cross Immunity Between Infectious Hepatitis and Homologous Serum Jaundice.

SummaryPrevious experimental infection (or inoculation without infection) with a strain of homologous serum jaundice obtained in the Middle East failed to protect 5 human volunteers against subsequ...
Role of the tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 in K562 cell differentiation.

The erythro-megakaryoblastic leukemia cell line K562 undergoes erythroid or myeloid differentiation in response to treatment with various inducing agents. We observed that expression of the SH2-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase SHP-1 was induced upon exposure of K562 cells to differentiating agents. Under the same conditions, expression of SHP-2, a close relative of SHP-1, and the more distantly related PTP-1B remained unchanged. Induction of SHP-1 expression correlates with dephosphorylation of a specific and limited set of tyrosyl phosphoproteins, suggesting that dephosphorylation of these proteins may be important for the differentiation process. Importantly, expression of exogenous SHP-1 inhibits K562 proliferation and alters the adhesion properties of these cells, indicating a more differentiated phenotype. Moreover, SHP-1 is found in a complex with both p210 Bcr-Abl and p190 Bcr-Abl, suggesting that it may regulate Bcr-Abl or Bcr-Abl-associated phosphotyrosyl proteins. Our results indicate that induction of SHP-1 expression is important for K562 differentiation in response to various inducers and raise the possibility that functional inactivation of SHP-1 may play a role in progression to blast crisis in chronic myelogenous leukemia.
Present State and Perspectives of Small Infrared Targets Detection Technology

Small infrared target detection often plays an important role, even a bottleneck, in lots of military and civil infrared application fields. In this paper, a brief description on small infrared target detection was given firstly. Then, a detail overview on the present kinds of small infrared target detection algorithms was given, including the principle and character of the algorithms. Finally, the perspective of small infrared targets detection technology was predicted.
Adjuvant Therapy for Rectal Cancer: Results and Controversies

During the past decade, advances have been made in the adjuvant treatment of resectable rectal cancer. Postoperative combined-modality therapy significantly improves local control and survival. Recent Inter-group postoperative trials have focused on the identification of optimal chemotherapeutic agents and their method of administration. Preoperative therapy has the potential advantages of producing less acute toxicity and increasing the likelihood of sphincter preservation. New chemotherapeutic agents and radiation techniques are active areas of investigation.
Elucidation of Calcium-Signaling Components and Networks

Calcium signaling depends on proteins at three nodes: generation of Ca2+ signature, sensing of changes in cellular Ca2+ level, and transduction of a Ca2+ signal. Plant cells have multiple mechanisms for generating increases in [Ca2+]cyt suggesting the capacity to produce complex spatiotemporal patterns of [Ca2+] cyt elevation. A large number of Ca2+ sensors have been identified experimentally or have been predicted on the basis of sequence similarity to known Ca2+-binding proteins or the presence of Ca2+-binding domains. The number of target proteins is expected to be large, as a given sensor can interact with multiple proteins. Proteins involved in Ca2+signaling in plants have been identified using Ca2+-binding, protein–protein interaction, yeast two-hybrid, and coprecipitation screens. With the completion of genomic sequencing of several plants, researchers have identified many Ca2+ sensors and target proteins on a global scale. In Arabidopsis, about 3–4% of the proteome appears to participate in Ca2+ signaling. The challenge now is the elucidation of the function of each verified/predicted protein involved in Ca2+ signaling on a local and global scale.
Operators on Hilbert Space

We now take up the theory of operators on Hilbert space. It is appropriate to develop this subject within the context of C*-algebras, and the most basic properties of C*-algebras, their ideals, quotients, and morphisms, are worked out in this chapter. We discuss commutative C*-algebras in detail, including the characterization of C(X), the functional calculus for normal operators, and the spectral theorem. Unfortunately, the literature of operator theory contains at least three dissimilar statements that are called the spectral theorem. The assertions are that normal operators are associated with multiplication operators, that they are associated with spectral measures, and that they admit a Borel functional calculus. While these statements are all in some sense equivalent, only the first of them is a clear generalization of the idea of diagonalizing a matrix, and that is the one we offer as the proper up-to-date formulation of the spectral theorem.
Functional Behavioral Assessments

Abstract Research has demonstrated that interventions for problem behaviors are more effective when treatment components are selected to match the consequences that maintain the individual’s behavior (i.e., its function). However, many methods for identifying the function of an individual’s problem behavior appear in the literature. The functional analysis (FA) methodology first introduced by Iwata et al. is the most comprehensive and well-studied. However, a variety of factors may prevent a clinician from conducting this type of FA. This chapter describes many of the functional assessment procedures that appear in the literature, including the advantages and disadvantages of each. In addition to various formats of FA, the relative strengths and weaknesses of indirect assessments and descriptive assessments are discussed, as well as the most appropriate applications for each.
Voltage Control of PM Stepper Motors Using Position Measurement Only

In this chapter, we address the problem of designing a robust adaptive controller for voltage-fed PM stepper motors. A similar treatment can also be carried out for Sawyer motors. Only rotor position measurement is used for feedback (i.e., velocity and current states are not available for feedback purposes). In Sect. 10.1, a controller design is given to achieve global stability with practical stabilization of the tracking error, assuming that the time constant of the electrical subsystem is known [115]. No knowledge of the other motor parameters is required. In Sect. 10.2, the requirement of exact knowledge of the electrical time constant is relaxed by assuming knowledge of upper and lower bounds on the electromechanical parameters of the motor [116]. No result to date is available to achieve global asymptotic stabilization or tracking when only position measurement is utilized and motor parameters are assumed to be completely unknown.
A Mie-Metamaterial Based Thermal Emitter for TPV Applications

We theoretically demonstrate a novel, efficient and cost effective thermal emitter using a Mie-resonance metamaterial for thermophotovoltaic (TPV) applications. We propose for the first time the design of a thermal emitter which is based on nanoparticle-embedded thin film. The emitter consists of a thin film of SiO2 on the top of tungsten layer deposited on a substrate. The thin film is embedded with tungsten nanoparticles which alter the refractive index of the film. This gives rise to desired emissive properties in the wavelength range of 0.4 μm to 2 μm suitable for GaSb and InGaAs based photovoltaics. Effective dielectric properties are calculated using Maxwell-Garnett-Mie theory. Our calculations indicate this would significantly improve the efficiency of TPV cells. We introduce a new parameter to gauge the efficacy of thermal emitters and use it to compare different designs.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
An adaptive metamaterial beam with hybrid shunting circuits for extremely broadband control of flexural wave (Conference Presentation)

A great deal of research has been devoted to controlling the dynamic behaviors of phononic crystals and metamaterials by directly tuning the frequency regions and/or widths of their inherent band gaps. Here, we present a novel approach to achieve extremely broadband flexural wave/vibration attenuation based on tunable local resonators made of piezoelectric stacks shunted by hybrid negative capacitance and negative inductance circuits with proof masses attached on a host beam. First, wave dispersion relations of the adaptive metamaterial beam are calculated analytically by using the transfer matrix method. The unique modulus tuning properties induced by the hybrid shunting circuits are then characterized conceptually, from which the frequency dependent modulus tuning curves of the piezoelectric stack located within wave attenuation frequency regions are quantitatively identified. As an example, a flexural wave high-pass band filter with a wave attenuation region from 0 to 23.0 kHz is demonstrated analytically and numerically by using the hybrid shunting circuit, in which the two electric components are connected in series. By changing the connection pattern to be parallel, another super wide wave attenuation region from 13.5 to 73.0 kHz is demonstrated to function as a low-pass filter at a subwavelength scale. The proposed adaptive metamaterial possesses a super wide band gap created both naturally and artificially. Therefore, it can be used for the transient wave mitigation at extremely broadband frequencies such as blast or impact loadings. We envision that the proposed design and approach can open many possibilities in broadband vibration and wave control.
Mutations altering heat shock specific subunit of RNA polymerase suppress major cellular defects of E. coli mutants lacking the DnaK chaperone.

Abstract An Escherichia coli mutant lacking HSP70 function, delta dnaK52, is unable to grow at both high and low temperatures and, at intermediate temperature (30 degrees C), displays defects in major cellular processes such as cell division, chromosome segregation and regulation of heat shock gene expression that lead to poor growth and genetic instability of the cells. In an effort to understand the roles of molecular chaperones such as DnaK in cellular metabolism, we analyzed secondary mutations (sid) that suppress the growth defects of delta dnaK52 mutants at 30 degrees C and also permit growth at low temperature. Of the five suppressors we analyzed, four were of the sidB class and mapped within rpoH, which encodes the heat shock specific sigma subunit (sigma 32) of RNA polymerase. The sidB mutations affected four different regions of the sigma 32 protein and, in one case, resulted in a several fold reduction in the cellular concentration of sigma 32. Presence of any of the sidB mutations in delta dnaK52 mutants as well as in dnaK+ cells caused down-regulation of heat shock gene expression at 30 degrees C and decreased induction of the heat shock response after shift to 43.5 degrees C. These findings suggest that the physiologically most significant function of DnaK in the metabolism of unstressed cells is its function in heat shock gene regulation.
Prisoners and Politics: Western Hostage Taking by Militant Groups

ABSTRACTHostage taking of Westerners by militant groups has increased since 9/11. Despite this rising problem, there has been little academic research on how a hostage’s individual characteristics influence the outcome of the incident. Using a newly collected dataset of over 1,000 individuals taken hostage in incidents involving terrorist groups since 2001, this article evaluates how individual, national, and group characteristics influence the likelihood that hostage incidents end with the release or execution of the hostage. The findings show that a hostage’s nationality and occupation are significant individual-level drivers of outcomes, while the nature of the militant group itself also matters.
Knowledge-based analytics for massively distributed networks with noisy data

This article develops and implements an improving search algorithm that effectively and efficiently identifies pathways of interest using knowledge-based analytics for massively distributed network...
Abstract 20708: Secular Trends in Reported Success Rates of Catheter Ablation for Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: Findings From the SMASH-AF Meta-Analysis Study Cohort

Introduction: Approaches, tools, and technologies for catheter ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) have evolved significantly since its inception. We sought to characterize secular tr...
The Antiadrenergic Actions of Adenosine in the Heart

Adenosine serves an important antiadrenergic function in the heart. Recent studies have been undertaken to investigate the mechanism(s) by which adenosine functions and the importance of adenosine as a negative-feedback modulator of β-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile and glycogenolytic responses in the normoxic contracting myocardium. In ventricular membranes, an analogue of adenosine, phenylisopropyladenosine (PIA) at a concentration of 10−8 M inhibits isoproterenol-sensitive adenylate cyclase activity. This inhibition is prevented by isobutylme-thylxanthine. Utilizing these membranes PIA reduces the affinity of β-adrenoceptors for isoproterenol in [125I]cyanopindolol competitive binding studies. This suggests that adenosine is most likely capable of modifying the formation of the high-affinity state of the β-adrenoceptor which in turn may reduce the degree of coupling to adenylate cyclase. Administration of adenosine deaminase (ADA) to isolated perfused hearts potentiates the isoproterenol-elicited augmentation of contractility. Such results indicate that ADA deaminates interstitial adenosine which is suspected to be involved in modulating the β-adrenoceptor-induced contractile responses. Interstitial adenosine levels were estimated by collecting epicardial surface transudates and determining the adenosine present by a HPLC fluorometric technique. The adenosine concentration was always at least two-fold greater in the transudates as compared to its concentration in coronary effluents. Overall, interstitial adenosine appears to serve an important physiological function as a negative-feedback modulator of β-adrenoceptor-mediated contractile and metabolic responses in the heart by attenuating the activation of the β-adrenoceptor-adenylate cyclase complex.