cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
THE REAL-IDEAL SELF-CONCEPT DISCREPANCY AND ITS RELATION TO GUILT '

Summary.-Previous research on the discrepancy between real and ideal selfconcepts has shown this gap to be related to neuroticism and various forms of emotional discomfort. Although authors have speculated about the relation between guilt and the real-ideal gap, no previous study has directly explored this relationship. The current study specifically examined the relationship of conscience-guilt to self-reported discrepancies between real and ideal self-concepts in 57 adults (24 to 38 yr. old). A significant positive correlation of .5 between these sets of scores indicates that greater real-ideal self-concept discrepancy tends to be associated with greater self-report of guilt. Many theories of personality describe a tension between two selfperceptions, the way one perceives oneself to be in reality and the way one perceives one ought to be. The association between these two perspectives has been involved in conceptions of psycholog~cal health. Butler (1968) found that psychotherapy increases congruence between real and ideal selfconceptions. Friedman (1955) reported that "neurotics" scored higher than normals on the real-ideal self-discrepancy, whde Breytspraak (1974) noted that lower discrepancy was associated with more internal locus of control. In addition, some have suggested that guilt is related to the real versus ideal self-discrepancy. Specifically, Narramore (1784) proposed that the personal awareness of a gap in one's self-images and failure to bridge it may lead to feelings of guilt and inferiority. Also, Rogers (1951) suggested that guilt is likely to increase in relation to the size of the real-ideal disparity. Since guilt is a major component of affective disorders, it is important to identify how gdt is established and sustained. No previous study which empirically documented the link between real-ideal self-disparity and guilt was located. Fifty-seven predominantly Caucasian seminary students and their spouses (24 to 38 yr. old, 30 women and 27 men) were given three selfreport questionnaires to assess real self, ideal-self, and conscience guilt. The discrepancy between real and ideal self-perceptions was measured using two semantic differential scales (Sherman, 1981). Subjects rated themselves twice according to 13 adjectives along a 7-point Likert scale, once according to their ideal self ("Me as I would like to be") and again according to their real 'Direct correspondence to M. Eastburg, Fuller Theological Seminary, 180 N. Oakland Avenue, Pasadena. CA 91101. Data are on file with Microfiche Publications. POB 3513. Grand Central Station, New Yolk, NY 10017. For Document NAPS-04645, remit $8.65 for photocopy or $4.00 for fiche.
Pneumosinus dilatans: is it more than an aesthetic concern?

Background Pneumosinus dilatans (PD) is a pathologic condition involving the hyperaeration of one or several of the paranasal sinuses that can lead to significant deformation of the overlying bone. Although the presenting complaint of patients with PD is most commonly aesthetic in nature, the condition has also been associated with intracranial tumors and several other serious conditions. Materials and methods A meta-analysis of all available clinical publications on the subject of PD was conducted. Patients were categorized on the basis of their sinus involvement. Associated conditions were also identified and categorized. The resulting data were used to further characterize the condition and describe previously unreported associations between PD and other conditions. Results To date, a total of 123 cases of PD have been reported. The frontal sinus was the most commonly involved (63%), followed by the sphenoid sinus (24%), maxillary sinus (20%), and ethmoid sinus (19%). Of patients with symptomatic PD of the frontal sinus, 25% had intracranial pathology (meningioma or arachnoid cyst or orbital tumor). Patients with sphenoid PD had an 83% chance of having associated diagnosis of visual loss, meningioma, or arachnoid cyst, whereas patients with ethmoid PD had 83% chance of having associated diagnosis of exophthalmos, vision loss, or arachnoid cyst. Conclusions Although the presenting complaint of patients with PD is most commonly aesthetic in nature, a significant percentage may have an associated diagnosis. Health care providers must be able to recognize the condition and carry out the appropriate clinical evaluation to avoid missing an associated diagnosis.
Berlin and the German Problem

The acute phase of the Berlin crisis appears to be past. It began with the Soviet “ultimatum” of November 17,1958, and petered out in the aftermath of the showdown over Cuba. But though there are many indications that for some time a renewal of the threatening pressure on Berlin—West Berlin, to be precise—need not be expected, there can be no assurance that the situation will not blow up in our faces at any moment any day, as the death of Peter Fechter at the Wall in August 1962 illustrated. Also, we are as far as ever from a real solution for the admittedly abnormal situation of this city. And it still remains an open question whether, with the passage of time, acceptance and adjustment to the brutal abnormality of the Wall and the division of Germany will win out over growing frustration and the explosive and dangerous consequences of disappointed hopes for unification and liberation. Thus Berlin is likely to remain indefinitely both a thermometer indicating the temperature of the Cold War and a time-bomb that resists defusing.
An update on prostate cancer.

SUMMARY As screening for prostate cancer has become more common, the issues surrounding its diagnosis and treatment have grown more complex. This review surveys recent advances and controversies, including definition of risk factors, the role of screening, and current treatment strategies.
Cloning expression and characterization of an ascorbate peroxidase gene PtAPX2 from Populus tomentosa

A member of APX (ascorbate peroxidase) gene superfamily of Populus tomentosa was cloned from the cDNA of reverse transcribed RNA. The open reading frame (ORF) of PtAPX2 was 864 bp in length, and encoded a protein containing 287 amino acids with a molecular weight of 31. 78 ku. The carboxyl terminal of PtAPX2 contained a putative transmembrane domain,which might be responsible for its peroxisomal sub-cellular localization. In order to gain insights into the characteristics of this enzyme,the PtAPX2 protein was expressed in Escherichia coli and purified to homogeneity. Its enzyme activity was assayed in vitro. The K m values to substrate ascorbate and H2O2 were determined to be ( 1.37±0.22 ) and (0.026±0.003 ) mmol / L,respectively. The V max values to substrate ascorbate and H2O2 were (3.95±0.46) and (1.27±0.03) mmol/(L·min·mg) ,respectively. PtAPX2 exhibited the most potent activity at 28 ℃ ,pH 7.0-7.4. Quantitative assays using fluorescent real-time PCR revealed the highest transcription level of PtAPX2 in the mesophyll of aged leaves. The results of the prediction of subcellular localization,the pattern of substrate binding,enzyme kinetics and tissue-specific expression of PtAPX2 together expand our knowledge on the mechanism underlying oxidative stresses resistance in woody plants.
The Relevance of Theory to Human-Robot Teaming Research and Development

In many disciplines and fields, theories help organize the body of knowledge in the field and provide direction for research. In turn, research findings contribute to theory building. The field of human-robot teaming (HRT) is a relatively new one, spanning only over the last two decades. Much of the research in this field has been driven by expediency rather than by theory, and relatively little effort has been invested in using HRT research to advance theory. As the field of HRT continues to expand rapidly, we find it increasingly necessary to relate theories to the research so that one can inform the other. As an initial effort, the current work will discuss and evaluate two broad research areas in human-robot teaming, and identify theories relevant to each area. The areas are (i) human-robot interfaces, and (ii) specific factors that enable teaming. In identifying the relevant theories for each area, we will describe how the theories were used and if findings supported the theories.
Family Crisis: ‘The Love Past All Understanding’

Melville’s education as a youth was in the varieties of vulnerability. His parents, Allan Melville and Marie Gansevoort, came from prominent families that were famous for their involvement in American history. A marginally successful businessman at times barely able to support his family of eight children, Allan Melville died when Herman, the third child and the second of four boys, was only 12, ‘the age’, as James Barbour notes, ‘at which many of his fictional heroes are orphaned’. Barbour describes how the emotional pain of the loss of his father was exacerbated by economic privation that forced Melville out into the work world. ‘The father’s death threw the family into a genteel but grinding poverty. The mother was forced to beg from her brothers while the children were taken out of school and put to work.’1 Not surprisingly, these years of deprivation and alienation were influential in shaping Melville’s character, particularly his attitude toward family and love. However, some scholars believe that even before his father’s death and his subsequent isolation, Melville had been psychologically harmed by his inferior status within the family itself as the younger brother of an adored sibling.2 Some critics also argue that the extended personal crisis for Melville of the disruption and collapse of his family made the search for a father the dominant theme in his writings. His works, say Robert Con Davis and Regis Durand, attempt to create a ‘fictional’ or ‘bsent’ father. Others believe that in his own life Melville’s initial attraction to the society of the sea and his later infatuation for Hawthorne suggest similar personal needs.3
A method of determining emergency reserve in a system with multiple HVDCs feed-in

Emergency reserve (ER) is set to deal with the power imbalance events, such as forced outage of units or HVDCs, to guarantee the reliability of a power system. The reserve capacity would affect both the reliability and economy of a power system that should be set coordinately. In this paper, the mechanism of ER and the main factors affecting the ER capacity requirement in a regional power grid with multiple HVDCs are analyzed. The process to calculate the minimal value of the emergency reserve capacity is designed based on the reliability indexes of LOLP10 and EPNS10. And from the viewpoint of economy the calculation method of the maximum capacity of ER is proposed, all of the generation cost, the reserve cost, and the load loss cost are taken into account. Finally, effectiveness of the method proposed in this paper is demonstrated by examples based on the data of a regional power grid with 7 HVDCs feed-in.
Football in Greater Manchester: Growth Effects of Premiership Status Teams

An extensive body of economic literature suggests that in the United States, there is little gain to a city from using tax revenues to subsidize or in other ways support professional sports franchises. One of the difficulties with these studies is the stability of professional team location. Manchester, England provides an opportunity to examine the growth effects associated with adding and subtracting top tier teams from a single sport in a single area over the course of several decades. Five different Greater Manchester area teams have been in the Premiership with as few as one and as many as four in any given year since the founding of the Premiership. Using Greater Manchester borough level data from 1991 through 2013 we look for changes in gross value added overall and in categories associated with professional sports when Premiership status changes. We find no sustained role for Premiership status, but do find a one off gain in gross value added growth when a team is promoted.
Serine Phosphorylation: Arming Stat1 against Infection

A powerful weapon is critical to a soldier when battling with a strong enemy. In this issue of Immunity, Varinou et al. suggest that serine phosphorylation of Stat1, an important signal transducer and activator of transcription in interferon (IFN) signaling, is required for Stat1 to fight against a highly pathogenic infection.
Conflicts and controversies in contemporary tobacco control

The path towards progress in public health has never been a smooth one, especially for efforts to protect the public from dangerous products. Health is deeply political, and one’s life chances, while partly a factor of inherited genetic tendencies, are also substantially shaped by policy decisions made by elected officials and agency personnel at a distant remove from one’s daily life. Those decisions, in turn, are influenced by campaign contributions, personal ideologies and world views, and the political climate of the moment. In some ways, it is amazing that we have made so much progress on tobacco control policy, given the forces arraigned against it. But it is not only ‘external’ battles that must be fought: within the tobacco control movement, progress has always been accompanied by struggles among those who share the goal of a tobacco-free world, or at the least a world with far less tobacco-caused disease and premature death. Every policy innovation at one time had its doubters, detractors and critics, and some internal battles have been painful to watch. The current moment is no exception. This special issue focuses on some of the hot topics in tobacco control to highlight new work and new challenges. Among these hot topics: policies related to e-cigarettes, how the public appraises harm and safety, and the possible up and down sides of nicotine reduction or regulation of other ingredients in the product as a tobacco control strategy. Continuing the heated debates about regulating e-cigarettes and their use, two perspectives are offered on whether e-cigarette use should be permitted in smoke-free public places. Papers led by Chapman1 …
Cancer risk reduction in the US Affiliated Pacific Islands: Utilizing a novel policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) approach.

Abstract Background The Health Directors of the US Affiliated Pacific Islands (USAPI) declared a State of Emergency due to epidemic proportions of lifestyle diseases: cancer, obesity and other non-communicable diseases (NCDs) in 2010. This paper describes the development, implementation, and evaluation of a USAPI policy, system and environment (PSE) approach to address lifestyle behaviors associated with cancer and other NCDs. Methods Each of USAPI jurisdictions applied the PSE approach to tobacco and nutrition interventions in a local institution, faith based, or community setting. A participatory community engagement process was utilized to: identify relevant deleterious health behaviors in the population, develop PSE interventions to modify the context in which the behavior occurs in a particular setting, implement the PSE intervention through five specified activities, and evaluate the activities and behavior change associated with the intervention. Results PSE interventions have been implemented in all USAPI jurisdictions. Current human and financial resources have been adequate to support the interventions. Process and behavior change evaluations have not been completed and is ongoing. Personnel turnover and maintaining the intervention strategy in response due to shifting community demands has been the biggest challenge in one site. Conclusion From 2014 through 2016 the PSE approach has been used to implement PSE interventions in all USAPI jurisdictions. The intervention evaluations have not been completed. The PSE intervention is novel and has the potential to be a scalable methodology to prevent cancer and modify NCD risk in the USAPI and small states.
Decentralization of the purchasing function in municipal government: a national survey

Recent public sector management reform efforts have focused on the decentralization of managerial discretion and the empowerment of operational managers. To what extent have purchasing functions been decentralized in municipal governments in the wake of these efforts? What are the organizational factors associated with the decentralization of purchasing? On the basis of a national survey of municipal governments in the United States, this research finds that decentralization of the responsibility for purchasing has been limited. The decentralization that has occurred is associated with decentralization of budgeting and personnel systems, an organization=s analytical capacity to employ administrative and analytical tools, and an organization=s commitment to and support of enhanced performance and accountability.
LONG-TERM MORTALITY AND ESTIMATED FUNCTIONAL CAPACITY AMONG WOMEN WITH SYMPTOMS OF ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE: FROM THE NHLBI-SPONSORED WOMEN'S ISCHEMIA SYNDROME EVALUATION

Substantial evidence has linked functional status to outcomes, yet many women do not undergo exercise testing. The Duke Activity Status Index (DASI) is a patient reported outcome (PRO) that estimates functional capability. The aim of this study is to determine the long-term prognostic value of DASI
Assessing Reading Ability in Normal and Low Vision Using the Mnread Reading Acuity Chart: Preliminary Results

Clinicians and vision scientists are increasingly interested in reading ability as a psychophysical measure. A new test, MNREAD reading acuity, appears to offer potential. The range of print sizes accommodate the large variation in acuities found in normal and low vision (1.3 to -0.5 LogMAR in 0.1 Log MAR steps). We report MNREAD data on normal(n=50) and low vision(n=10) subjects with diverse pathology. For comparison and control, subjects’ letter acuity also was tested with the Lighthouse Near Visual Acuity Test(LNVAT). Corrrelations between both reading and letter acuity and reading acuity and smallest print size for maximum reading speed are high(r>0.9). Although the minimum print size for optimal reading speed for normal and low vision patients was 1.5-3x the size at the reading acuity limit, neither letter or reading acuity were adequate predictors of reading speed in low vision.
Chronic Hepatitis: An Emerging Syndrome in Dogs

Chronic active hepatitis has been recognized in humans since the 1950s but has been recognized only recently as a disease syndrome in dogs. The author describes this diverse group of chronic inflammatory liver diseases and discusses the factors related to its etiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapy.
Mechanisms and Impossibilities for Truthful, Envy-Free Allocations

We study mechanisms for combinatorial auctions that are simultaneously incentive compatible (IC), envy free (EF) and efficient in settings with capacitated valuations — a subclass of subadditive valuations introduced by Cohen et al. [4]. Capacitated agents have valuations which are additive up to a publicly known capacity. The main result of Cohen et al. [4] is the assertion that the Vickrey-Clarke-Groves mechanism with Clarke pivot payments is EF (and clearly IC and efficient) in the case of homogeneous capacities. The main open problem raised by Cohen et al. [4] is whether the existence result extends beyond homogeneous capacities. We resolve the open problem, establishing that no mechanism exists that is simultaneously IC, EF and efficient for capacitated agents with heterogeneous capacities. In addition, we establish the existence of IC, EF, and efficient mechanisms in the special cases of capacitated agents with heterogeneous capacities, where (i) there are only two items; or (ii) the individual item values are binary. Finally, we show that the last existence result does not extend to the stronger notion of Walrasian mechanisms, i.e. mechanisms whose allocation and payments correspond to a Walrasian equilibrium.
Adaptive search by explanation-based learning of heuristic censors

We introduce an adaptive search technique that speeds up state space search by learning heuristic censors while searching. The censors speed up search by pruning away moTe and more of the space until a solution is found in the pruned space. Censors are learned by explaining dead ends and other search failures. To learn quickly, the technique over-generalizes by assuming that certain constraints aTe preservable, i.e., remain true on at least one solution path. A recovery mechanism detects violations of this assumption and selectively relaxes learned censors. The technique, implemented in an adaptive problem solver named FAILSAFE-2, learns useful heuristics that cannot be learned by other reported methods. Its effectiveness is indicated by a preliminary complexity analysis and by experimental results in three domains, including one in which PRODIGY failed to learn eflective search control rules.
APPROACHES FOR BAYESIAN VARIABLE SELECTION

This paper describes and compares various hierarchical mixture prior formulations of variable selection uncertainty in normal linear regression models. These include the nonconjugate SSVS formulation of George and McCulloch (1993), as well as conjugate formulations which allow for analytical simplification. Hyperpa- rameter settings which base selection on practical significance, and the implications of using mixtures with point priors are discussed. Computational methods for pos- terior evaluation and exploration are considered. Rapid updating methods are seen to provide feasible methods for exhaustive evaluation using Gray Code sequencing in moderately sized problems, and fast Markov Chain Monte Carlo exploration in large problems. Estimation of normalization constants is seen to provide improved posterior estimates of individual model probabilities and the total visited probabil- ity. Various procedures are illustrated on simulated sample problems and on a real problem concerning the construction of financial index tracking portfolios.
FDA Approval Summary: Tisagenlecleucel for Treatment of Patients with Relapsed or Refractory B-Cell Precursor Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia

Tisagenlecleucel (Kymriah; Novartis Pharmaceuticals) is a CD19-directed genetically modified autologous T-cell immunotherapy. On August 30, 2017, the FDA approved tisagenlecleucel for treatment of patients up to 25 years of age with B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) that is refractory in second or later relapse. Approval was based on the complete remission (CR) rate, durability of CR, and minimal residual disease (MRD) <0.01% in a cohort of 63 children and young adults with relapsed or refractory ALL treated on a single-arm trial (CCTL019B2202). Treatment consisted of fludarabine and cyclophosphamide followed 2 to 14 days later by a single dose of tisagenlecleucel. The CR rate was 63% (95% confidence interval, 50%-75%), and all CRs had MRD <0.01%. With a median follow-up of 4.8 months, the median duration of response was not reached. Cytokine release syndrome (79%) and neurologic events (65%) were serious toxicities reported in the trial. With implementation of a Risk Evaluation and Mitigation Strategy, the benefit-risk profile was considered acceptable for this patient population with such resistant ALL. A study of safety with 15 years of follow-up is required as a condition of the approval.See related commentary by Geyer, p. 1133.
Veterans Engaged in Treatment, Skills, and Transitions for Enhancing Psychiatric Safety (VETSTEPS).

Objective The transition after inpatient psychiatric care is a critical time with increased risk. This brief report evaluates Veterans Engaged in Treatment, Skills, and Transitions for Enhancing Psychiatric Safety (VETSTEPS), a program designed for this critical time. Method Three "bridging" strategies were employed: (a) using inpatient-outpatient care collaboration; (b) four phone calls within seven days of discharge; and (c) a 4-week, evidence-based intervention that provided safety planning, coping skills, and triage services for postdischarge needs. Using retrospective data from 219 military veterans, VETSTEPS impact on treatment follow-up rates and veteran readmissions was examined. Results Group participation was associated with significantly sooner mental health follow-up access, for both first and second follow-up appointments. Greater group participation was associated with lower rates of 12-month readmission, with more attended sessions associated with fewer readmissions when controlling for length of stay and previous readmissions. Following a hospital-wide strategy to implement VETSTEPS team phone calls, exploratory analyses indicate the facility's mental health care follow-up rate significantly improved from 55% to 79%, with sustained gains above 80% for two years. Conclusions and implications for practice Program evaluation data suggest that bridging critical time interventions may improve outcomes for veterans recently discharged from psychiatric hospitalization. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
RETHINKING THE “CHICAGO SMITH” PROBLEM: ADAM SMITH AND THE CHICAGO SCHOOL, 1929–1980

This article traces the origins and evolution of a popular interpretation of Adam Smith as a “Chicago-style” economist, and it challenges the idea that the “Chicago Smith” is simply a misinterpretation of Smith's ideas. To that end, it reexamines the role that the Chicago school of economics played in developing and propounding a distinct vision of Adam Smith, not only within the profession of economics, but also for the broader American public in the twentieth century. I argue that the readings, teachings, and interpretations of Smith from Chicago economists across different generations are more than just superficial symbolism, claims of intellectual authority, or rhetorical window dressing. Chicago’s engagement with Smith’s ideas constitute important interpretive and substantive arguments about the essence of Smith’s contribution to economics and the role that Smith’s ideas could play in shaping public policy.
Total syntheses of microminutin and other coumarins through the key intermediate isomurralonginol.

Abstract A straightforward route to isomurralonginol (1) from umbelliferone (4 steps, 59% yield) is described. Isomurralonginol is used as the key intermediate in the preparation of isomurralonginol acetate (2) (1 step, 94% yield), murralongin (3) (1 step, 75% yield) and microminutin (2 steps and 38% yield). The synthesis of microminutin involves the selenolactonization of α, β-substituted vinyl acetic acid (12) (50% yield) with spontaneous elimination of the selenyl moiety, without oxidation, to the unsaturated lactone.
RESPONSE: The Next Era of Quality Measurement and Improvement

The first era of quality measurement and improvement has led to enhancing measurement science, adapting improvement methodologies from other industries, forming interprofessional teams, and most importantly, improving care delivery and patient outcomes. However, gaps in quality of care persist,
A global hybrid VS30 map with a topographic slope–based default and regional map insets:

Time-averaged shear wave velocity over the upper 30 m of the earth’s surface (VS30) is a key parameter for estimating ground motion amplification as both a predictive and a diagnostic tool for eart...
Lower Bounds on Power Consumption of Clock Generators for ADCs

This paper formulates the jitter-power trade-offs in the design of phase-locked loops that provide the sampling clock for ADCs. We obtain lower bounds for the oscillator power consumption in terms of the performance penalty allowed for the ADC. We show that the oscillator power grows with the square of the target signal-to-noise ratio and the square of the clock frequency and is expected to exceed that of the ADC in future designs.
Summary and Discussion

Chapters 3 through 9 each address a separate theme in parent's adaptation to newborn intensive care and its aftermath. In this concluding chaper we summarize and discudd the key findings, their broader implications for helping professionals, and additional information about the efficacy of supportive intervention for parents. Before doing so, we present integrative analyses involving the prediction of mother's longer term well-being, the quality of home environments, and children's developmental outcomes.
La iglesia católica y sus entes según la nueva Ley de cultos

El dia 14 de octubre de 1999 se publico en el Diario Oficial de la Republica de Chile la Ley que, por primera vez en su historia independiente, "establece normas sobre la constitucion juridica de las iglesias y organizaciones religiosas". Se trata de una ley novedosa, pues, hasta el dia de su publicacion, el tema era regido solo por las normas generales y comunes del derecho chileno. Fueron, en forma especial, las iglesias evangelicas las que impulsaron este proyecto y siguieron postulandolo a lo largo de toda su trabajosa elaboracion. Deseaban ellas tener un estatuto juridico similar al que siempre ha tenido la iglesia catolica en Chile, esto es, la calidad de persona juridica de derecho publico, en cirscuntancias que las iglesias evangelicas y los demas grupos religiosos, salvo la iglesia ortodoxa, detentaban tan solo personalidad juridica de derecho privado.
Applied Differential Equations : The Primary Course

First-Order Equations Introduction Separable Equations Equations with Homogeneous Coefficients Exact Differential Equations Integrating Factors First-Order Linear Differential Equations Equations Reducible to first Order Existence and Uniqueness Review Questions for Chapter 1 Applications of First Order ODE Applications in Mathematics Curves of Pursuit Chemical Reactions Population Models Mechanics Electricity Applications in Physics Thermodynamics Flow Problems Review Questions for Chapter 2 Mathematical Modeling and Numerical Methods Mathematical Modeling Compartment Analysis Difference Equations Euler's Methods Error Estimates The Runge-Kutta Methods Multistep Methods Error Analysis and Stability Review Questions for Chapter 3 Second-order Equations Second and Higher Order Linear Equations Linear Independence and Wronskians The Fundamental Set of Solutions Equations with Constant Coefficients Complex Roots Repeated Roots. Reduction of Order Nonhomogenous Equations Variation of Parameters Operator Method Review Questions for Chapter 4 Laplace Transforms The Laplace Transform Properties of the Laplace Transform Convolution Discontinuous and Impulse Functions The Inverse Laplace Transform Applications to Homogenous Equations Applications to Non-homogenous Equations Internal Equations Review Questions for Chapter 5 Series of Solutions Review of Power Series The Recurrence Power Solutions about an Ordinary Point Euler Equations Series Solutions Near a Regular Singular Point Equations of Hypergeometric Type Bessel's Equations Legendre's Equation Orthogonal Polynomials Review Questions for Chapter 6 Applications of Higher Order Differential Equations Boundary Value Problems Some Numerical Methods Dynamics Dynamics of Rotational Motion Harmonic Motion Modeling: Forced Oscillations Modeling of Electric Circuits Some Variational Problems Review Questions for Chapter 7 Appendix: Software Packages Answers to Problems Bibliography Index
Variable air volume control using a finite state machine

Air terminals are an important component of most variable air volume air conditioning systems. Most air terminal controllers share the same continuous closed feedback loop control of the room loop whether the controller is pneumatic, analog electronic or digital electronic or other. Unfortunately, the controllers also share the same inability to provide good hybrid control. The use of split range control for hybrid control, or the sequencing of the continuous loops for the controlled devices, may cause cycling between heating and cooling, simultaneous heating and cooling, and does not provide useful diagnostics. Improper VAV terminal unit control is a significant problem because sales exceed half a million new units each year and are increasing by at least 10% per year. An innovative and simple control method called a finite state machine was applied to this problem. A finite state machine is an abstract representation of a reactive system, a classification which includes most controllers. The finite state diagram fully describes the controller's behavior and can be mechanistically implemented. Performance of the air terminal improved significantly, including better temperature control and diagnostics with reduced energy usage. The concepts presented in this paper can probably be applied with equal or greater success to almost any other controller in the HVAC&R industry.
The Effect of Slug Frequency on Corrosion in High Pressure, Inclined Pipelines

The effect of inclination on flow regimes and individual flow characteristics has been studied and the subsequent effect on corrosion has also been examined. Experiments were carried out in high pressure, 10 cm diameter, inclinable flow loops using brine, one oil with water cuts of 100, 80, and 60%, using carbon dioxide gas at pressures up to 1.13 MPa and temperatures up to 90 C. When the pipe is inclined upwards, the stratified flow regime virtually disappears and slug flow dominates the flow regime map. In the film region between slugs, water layers at the bottom of the pipe were still found. Oil/water mixtures flow above the water layer. The slug frequency and Froude number change with increase in inclination. The slug frequency is higher for the inclined flows than horizontal flows at the same conditions. Further, near to the change of inclination, the slug frequency is almost double that found at distances 10--15 m along the inclined pipe. The Froude numbers of these slugs are similar to those found in horizontal flows. However, values as high as 17 have been recorded. These were not noted in horizontal flows and are very turbulent slugs with regions of severe wall shearmore » forces at the slug front. The corrosion rate increased substantially as the slug frequency was increased to about 80 slugs per minute. Above this, there was little change in the corrosion rate. At a fixed slug frequency, the corrosion rates have been found to increase with an increase in Froude number, carbon dioxide partial pressure, and temperature.« less
Proceedings of the third symposium on Information interaction in context

It is our great pleasure to welcome you to the third Information Interaction in Context Symposium, IIiX'10. This Symposium follows two prior and successful IIiX'10 symposia in Copenhagen, Denmark (2006) and London, UK (2008). The purpose of this series of conferences is to explore the role of context in people's interactions with information, and thereby improve design of systems supporting these interactions. IIiX'10 is structured on the understanding that to accomplish this goal, it is necessary to foster interdisciplinary collaboration amongst members of the information behavior, information retrieval, and human-computer interaction fields. Thus, we have one overall program chair, and three area chairs, Leif Azzopardi for Systems, Andrew Turpin for Interaction, and Diane Kelly for Behavior. In keeping with the aim of fostering interactions amongst the different disciplines and approaches represented at IIiX'10, this structure is reflected in the grouping and organization of the papers, which attempts to bring to each session views and research from the different areas. We hope these proceedings will serve to benchmark current research about information interaction in context. Since research about the general theme of the conference is typically found across a range of diverse publications, these Proceedings, as well as those of the previous IIiX symposia, should provide researchers and students easier and more integrated access to such material. We thank all those who submitted papers to IIiX'10. The call for papers attracted 75 submissions from Asia, Europe, Australia, and North America. The program committee accepted 26 papers and 22 posters covering a variety of topics, including information seeking behavior, search user interfaces and system design. Authors of accepted papers and posters represent 15 different countries and academic, industry and government institutions. The program includes a keynote speech by Tefko Saracevic on the history and notion of context in information seeking and retrieval research, and a debate on the use of search simulations in evaluation of interactive IR.
Non‐Destructive Evaluation (NDE) of Ceramic Armor: Testing

Nondestructive evaluation (NDE) techniques have been used to analyze ceramic armor materials such as silicon carbide (SiC). Research has been conducted using contact and water immersion 25-100 MHz longitudinal and shear wave ultrasonic transducers in pulse-echo configurations to analyze defects in the form of acoustic differences in these materials. Time-of-flight (TOF) measurements were collected from oscilloscope traces of voltage verse time, and the thickness of the samples (t) at each point was recorded. Longitudinal (c 1 ) and shear wave velocities (c s ) of the SiC samples were calculated using the equation, c= t/TOF. The velocities were used to calculate elastic properties of the material, including Young's modulus, shear modulus, and bulk modulus, which compared favorably to results reported in the literature. C-scan imaging was also utilized to map acoustic differences and identify locations of flaws and defects in the armor materials. This data, combined with ballistic testing, will provide crucial information about critical flaw sizes and populations in ceramic armor, serving as a major step for nondestructively gauging the success and failure of commercial armor plates.
Power Plays: Wayang Golek Puppet Theater of West Java

Reviewed Medium: book Authors: Andrew N. Weintraub Year: 2007 Pages: 320 Details: CD-ROM included Publisher: Ohio University Press ISBN: 0-8968-0240-X (soft cover). Prices: $30.00 USD(soft cover).
Long-term care policy for older Americans: building a continuum of care.

This paper deals primarily with social policy considerations relevant to the development of long-term care policy for the frail elderly in the United States. However, it also includes some commentary on meeting the acute care needs of the frail elderly. It defines chronic care treatment as a mix of "short-term" and "long-term" modes of care. Furthermore, it explores the need for treatment of such long-term illnesses to recognize the importance of alternative modes of caring which include strategies, both medical and nonmedical, delivered within and outside of hospitals and nursing homes. The paper includes an analysis of public and private sector priorities based in data published by the U.S. Health Care Financing Administration. It also includes some discussion of the PACE program in the United States and some other efforts to stimulate more in-home and community-based alternatives to nursing home care. Furthermore, it includes a discussion of the policy goal of "appropriateness" in developing long-term care (as well as general health priorities) and provides a critical discussion of problems with utilizing "cost/benefit analysis." The study concludes that too exclusive a focus on nursing home care for the elderly in the United States is unfortunate-both in terms of the desires of the elderly, their families and friends and in terms of focusing on "appropriateness" as a legitimate policy goal in the development of long-term care policy for the elderly in the United States.
Structures and metabolism of inositol tetrakisphosphates and inositol pentakisphosphate in bovine adrenal glomerulosa cells.

Abstract In adrenal glomerulosa cells, angiotensin II stimulates rapid increases in inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (Ins-1,4,5-P3) and inositol 1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (Ins-1,3,4,5-P4), followed by slower increases in two additional inositol tetrakisphosphate (InsP4) isomers. One of these InsP4 isomers was previously identified as Ins-1,3,4,6-P4 and shown to be a precursor of inositol pentakisphosphate (InsP5). Analysis of the third InsP4 isomer, purified from cultured bovine adrenal cells labeled with [3H]inositol and stimulated by angiotensin II, revealed that the polyol produced by periodate oxidation, borohydrate reduction, and dephosphorylation was [3H]iditol. This finding is consistent with precursor structures of either Ins-1,4,5,6-P4 or Ins-3,4,5,6-P4 (= L-Ins-1,4,5,6-P4) for the third InsP4 isomer. The [3H]iditol was readily converted to [3H]sorbose by the stereospecific enzyme, L-iditol dehydrogenase, indicating that it originated from Ins-3,4,5,6-P4. Chicken erythrocytes labeled with [3H]inositol also contained high levels of Ins-1,3,4,6-P4 and Ins-3,4,5,6-P4, as well as InsP5, but only small amounts of Ins-1,3,4,5-P4. Both [3H]Ins-1,3,4,6-P4 and [3H]Ins-3,4,5,6-P4, but not [3H]Ins-1,3,4,5-P4, were phosphorylated to form InsP5 in permeabilized bovine glomerulosa cells. In addition, InsP5 itself was slowly dephosphorylated to Ins-1,4,5,6-P4, indicating that its structure is Ins-1,3,4,5,6-P5. These results demonstrate that the higher inositol phosphates are metabolically interrelated and are linked to the receptor-regulated InsP3 response by the conversion of Ins-1,3,4-P3 through Ins-1,3,4,6-P4 to Ins-1,3,4,5,6-P5. The source of Ins-3,4,5,6-P4, the other precursor of InsP5, is not yet known but its elevation in angiotensin II-stimulated glomerulosa cells suggests that its formation is also influenced by agonist-regulated processes.
How to Flirt Best: The Perceived Effectiveness of Flirtation Techniques

Four studies were implemented in order to ascertain how men and women flirt with potential partners and which flirtatious actions are considered most effective. Study 1 (n = 40) and Study 2 (n = 60) sought to discover the actions that men and women, respectively, engage in to indicate romantic interest to a partner. Study 3 (n = 110) sought to determine which flirtatious acts from women are perceived as most effective by men. Women’s flirtations that suggest sexual access were expected to be rated as most effective. Study 4 (n = 222) sought to determine which flirtatious acts from men are perceived as most effective by women. Men’s flirtations that suggest emotional commitment and exclusivity were expected to be rated as most effective by women. The results were consistent with the hypotheses and are discussed in terms of prior research.
Do Converters Facilitate the Transition to a New Incompatible Technology? A Dynamic Analysis of Converters

Abstract This paper analyzes the process of transition in standards between incompatible technologies when converters are available . Contrary to a common presumption that converters facilitate the transition from an old technology to an otherwise incompatible new technology, I find circumstances in which the possibility of transition is blockaded by the existence of converters. In the welfare analysis of converters, a distinction is made between ex ante and ex post efficiency effects. Finally, I also analyze the equilibrium behavior in the provision of converters and compare it to the socially optimal outcome.
Effect of a single or repeated dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) on T cell subpopulations in the Long-Evans rat.

Abstract 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) exposure results in adverse effects on the immune system of experimental animals. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of a single and repeated dosing of TCDD on splenic T-cell subpopulations in Long–Evans rats 9 days post-exposure to TCDD. A single dose (25 μg/kg body weight) of TCDD resulted in reduced body weight. The percentage and total number of CD4 + or CD8 + subsets and percentage of CD4 + or CD8 + cell cycling in the S and G2M phases were similar in the single dosed (25 μg/kg body weight) TCDD group compared with the vehicle control. A repeated dose (5 μg/kg/day for 5 days) of TCDD also resulted in a significant reduction in body weight. However, multiple doses of TCDD significantly decreased the percentage of the CD4 + subset and the percentage of CD4 + cells cycling in the S and G2M phases. No significant change occurred in the CD8 + cell subpopulation after single or multiple dosing with TCDD. These results demonstrated that repeated dosing of TCDD decreased the total percentage of CD4 + cells and the percentage of CD4 + cells cycling 9 days post-exposure, while an analogous single dose of TCDD failed to affect the CD4 + cell subpopulation. The difference in biological responses to a single versus ‘equivalent’ multiple (cumulative) dose of TCDD is discussed.
DDSim: A hierarchical, probabilistic, multiscale damage and durability simulation system – Part I: Methodology and Level I

Abstract Current tools for fatigue life prediction of metallic structural components are limited in some or all of the following capabilities: geometry of, and boundary conditions on, the affected structural component, automation of the simulation process, randomness of the primary variables, and physics of the damage evolution processes. DDSim, a next-generation damage and durability simulator, addresses each of these limitations with a hierarchical, multiscale, “search and simulate” strategy. This hierarchical strategy consists of three levels. Level I, described in this paper, performs an initial, reduced order, conservative screening, based on a linear finite element analysis of the uncracked component, to determine the most life-limiting locations for intrinsic material flaws. Initial flaw size can be specified deterministically, or generated randomly from statistical descriptions of the microstructure and used in Monte Carlo simulation. The result is a scalar field of predicted life over the entire domain of the structure. The benefits of the Level I analysis include a high degree of automation, solution speed, and easy implementation of high performance parallel computing resources. A validation case study of Level I is described. Levels II and III are outlined herein, but will be described in further detail in subsequent papers. The Level II analysis uses FRANC3D to accurately predict the number of cycles consumed by microstructurally large crack growth processes. Level III performs multiscale analyses to accurately predict the cycles consumed in microstructurally small crack growth processes.
Weight-based enoxaparin dosing for venous thromboembolism prophylaxis in the obese trauma patient.

Abstract Background Limited data exist regarding the efficacy of weight-based dosing of low–molecular weight heparin for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis in obese trauma patients. Methods Consecutive obese trauma patients were placed on a weight-based protocol for VTE prophylaxis (enoxaparin .5 mg/kg subcutaneously every 12 hours). Peak anti-Xa levels were drawn, and bilateral lower extremity duplex ultrasound was performed. The incidence of VTE and bleeding complications were recorded. Results Eighty-six patients met the study criteria. Seventy-four patients achieved target prophylactic anti-Xa concentrations, with a mean level of .42 ± .01 IU/mL. Eighteen patients were found to have deep vein thrombosis. However, in 16 of these patients, deep vein thrombosis was diagnosed before weight-based low–molecular weight heparin initiation. No bleeding complications occurred, and no symptomatic pulmonary emboli were identified. Conclusions In obese trauma patients, weight-based enoxaparin is an efficacious regimen that provides adequate VTE prophylaxis, as measured by anti-Xa levels, and appears to be safe without bleeding complications.