cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
IMMUNOLOGICAL CONSEQUENCES OF HUMAN VASECTOMY

A 2-year followup study of 41 men undergoing vasectomy was initiated at the University of Cincinnati Medical Center Cincinnati Ohio in 1972 in an attempt to evaluate the change in the humoral and cellular immunological systems which might result from potential sustained genital antigen exposure induced by vasectomy. These 41 subjects - Group 1 - have now been followed for up to 4 years. The 6 major components to the study included complete medical evaluation: tests performed pre-vasectomy and at 6 weeks 3 6 12 and 24 months post-vasectomy regarding humoral factors; immune complexes; genital antibodies; cellular immune system; and coagulation studies. It became clear that changes in many of the immunological parameters could be related to a multitude of exogenous factors occurring during the 2-year period making it difficult to interpret data which compared 1 pre-vasectomy observation with 5 post-vasectomy observations. To deal with this a 2nd study group in which 18 vasectomized subjects would be matched with a non-vasectomized age and socioeconomic control group was initiated in 1975. Results of the studies on the 36 group 2 subjects included the following: 1) there were no abnormalities in any of the subjects at 12 months post-vasectomy; 2) regarding humoral factors 1 vasectomized subject has a positive latex test 6 weeks post-vasectomy and a 2nd subject had thyroid and gastric parietal cell antibodies post-vasectomy and the other 34 subjects showed no abnormalities; 3) tests for immune complexes were negative in both groups; 4) 60% of the vasectomized group became positive in the Kibrick sperm agglutination test post-vasectomy; only 1 control subject became positive; 5) skin test responses in control and vasectomized groups were similar and the blastogenic lymphocyte responses to mitogens showed variability in both groups. No clinical evidence of autoimmune or other specific disorder has appeared during the followup nor have there been specific abnormalities of humoral or cellular systems.
On maximizing the average capacity with interference alignment in a time varying channel

Interference alignment like techniques are promising in multiuser networks as they yield a high sum capacity and allow multiple users to communicate concurrently. As alignment of interference requires tight coupling to estimates of the channel, time variations in the channel lead to loss of capacity since estimates take time to make and communicate. Thus, the length of the data and training phase should be appropriately chosen so as to maximise the average capacity. In this paper we present a way to model the sum capacity achieved by interference alignment in a time varying wireless channel and show that in slowly changing channels, it is possible to maximise the average capacity using just the knowledge of the maximum Doppler frequency of the interferers. For a given training duration, We select the data phase duration to maximise the average capacity and show that our predicted average capacity strongly tracks the true average capacity using the optimized data phase duration. In high Doppler scenarios, we do not see a benefit from our scheme because the channel capacity has high variance and a first order description is no longer sufficient. We further propose that the receiver can adapt its beamweights using a least-squares technique and approach the instantaneous sum capacity of interference alignment.
Evolution of the cyclic stress-strain behavior of doped SAC solder materials subjected to isothermal aging

Solder joints in electronic packages are frequently exposed to thermal cycling. Such exposures can occur in real life applications as well as in accelerated thermal cycling tests used for the fatigue behavior characterization. Due to the CTE mismatches of the assembly materials, cyclic temperature leads the solder joints to be subjected to cyclic (tensile/compressive) mechanical loading. On the other hand, isothermal aging causes the evolution of the microstructure, mechanical response, and failure behavior of lead free solder joints. Aging also affects the cyclic stress-strain behavior of solder materials. Our prior studies have examined the changes in the cyclic stress-strain behavior occurring in Sn-Ag-Cu (SAC) lead free solders including SAC105, SAC305, and SAC405. Aging effects can be partially mitigated by the incorporation of dopants to SAC alloy. In this study, we have investigated the aging induced evolution of the cyclic stress-strain behavior of different doped SAC solder materials. The studied materials include SAC_R (Ecolloy) consisting of Sn, Cu, and Bi; SAC_Q (CYCLOMAX) which is a Bi-doped SAC alloy; and Innolot, which is an engineered combination of six elements. Cylindrical uniaxial test specimens of the doped SAC solder alloys have been formed in circular cross-section glass tubes using a vacuum suction process. The specimens were then aged at 125 °C for different durations (06 months). After aging, the specimens were subjected to cyclic mechanical loading at room temperature under strain-controlled conditions. Using the recorded cyclic stress-strain data, the evolution of the hysteresis loop area, peak load, and plastic strain range have been characterized in terms of the alloy and prior aging conditions. The results for the doped solders have also been compared with those of the standard lead free alloys. Innolot has shown much better cyclic properties than SAC305 for all aging durations. In addition, SAC_Q shows slightly higher cyclic properties than Innolot. Finally, the effects of aging on the cyclic stress-strain behavior were much less for all three doped alloys. Thus, the doped alloys have a high potential for use in thermal cycling conditions because of their improved cyclic properties and for their improved resistance to aging-induced evolutions.
Diffusion of helium, hydrogen and deuterium in diamond: Experiment, theory and geochemical applications

Abstract Diffusivities of helium, deuterium and hydrogen have been characterized in diamond. Polished CVD diamond was implanted with either 3He, 2H, or 1H. Implanted samples were sealed under vacuum in silica glass capsules, and annealed in 1-atm furnaces. 3He, 2H and 1H distributions were measured with Nuclear Reaction Analysis. We obtain these Arrhenius relations: DHe = 4.00 × 10−15 exp(−138 ± 14 kJ mol−1/RT) m2 s−1. D2H = 1.02 × 10−4 exp(−262 ± 17 kJ mol−1/RT) m2 s−1. D1H = 2.60 × 10−4 exp(−267 ± 15 kJ mol−1/RT) m2 s−1. Diffusivities of 1H and 2H agree within experimental uncertainties, indicating little diffusive mass fractionation of hydrogen in diamond. To complement the experimental measurements, we performed calculations using a first-principles quantum mechanical description of diffusion in diamond within the Density Functional Theory (DFT). Differences in 1H and 2H diffusivities from calculations are found to be ∼4.5%, reflected in differences in the pre-exponential factor. This small difference in diffusivities, despite the large relative mass difference between these isotopes, is due to the fact that the atomistic process involved in the transition along the diffusion pathway is dictated by local changes to the diamond structures rather than to vibrations involving 1H/2H. This finding is consistent with the experimental results given experimental uncertainties. In contrast, calculations for helium diffusion in diamond indicate a difference of 15% between diffusivities of 3He and 4He. Calculations of diffusion distances for hydrogen using our data yield a distance of 50 μm in diamond in 300,000 years at 500 °C and ∼30 min at 1400 °C. Diffusion distances for He in diamond are shorter than for H at all temperatures above ∼350 °C, but differences increase dramatically with temperature because of the higher activation energy for H diffusion. For example, a 50 μm diffusion distance for He would be attained in ∼40 Myr at 500 °C and 400 yr at 1400 °C. For comparison, a 50 μm diffusion distance for N in diamond would require nearly 1 billion years at 1400 °C. The experimental data indicate that diamonds equilibrate with ambient H and He in the mantle on timescales brief relative to most geological processes and events. However, He diffusion in diamond is slower than in any other mineral measured to date, including other kimberlite-hosted minerals. Under some circumstances, diamond may provide information about mantle He not recoverable from other minerals. One possibility is diamonds entrained in kimberlites. Since the ascent of kimberlite from the mantle to near-surface is very rapid, entrained diamonds may retain most or all of the H and He acquired in mantle environments. Calculations using reasonable ascent rates and T-t paths indicate that He diffusive loss from kimberlite-hosted diamonds is negligible for grains of 1.0–0.2 mm radius, with fractional losses
Fundamentals of Retractors and Exposure

Proper exposure is critical to maximizing safety and efficiency in the operating room. An operative field should be large enough to allow the operating surgeon and assistants to visualize critical anatomy and manipulate instruments comfortably and also no larger than necessary in order to minimize iatrogenic injury. There are many varieties of surgical retractors, and the ability to choose the right tool for the job can help meet the goal of keeping the view clear and the wound small.
Frequency of target attainment and toxicity with reduced PEG-asparaginase (PEG) dosing in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).

e18501Background: Asparaginase (ASN) is a critical part of ALL therapy; however, in adults, a higher incidence of toxicities results in treatment delays and suboptimal exposure. We have reported a ...
Evaluating Quality of Life in Patients With Meniere’s Disease Treated as Migraine:

Objective:To evaluate the change in quality of life (QOL) of patients with Meniere’s disease (MD) after treatment with migraine prophylaxis therapy.Methods:Patients with definite MD were given the ...
An approach using the occipital parietal point for placement of ventriculoperitoneal catheters in adults.

Background Ventriculoperitoneal shunts (VPS) have been widely used in the management of hydrocephalus. As current investigations into optimal approaches are being studied in the pediatric population, no general consensus on cranial entry points has been established for the adults. We compare conventional posterior and frontal approaches with an occipital parietal point (OPP) on computerized tomography (CT) while analyzing its associated outcomes. Methods An Institutional Review Board (IRB) approved retrospective review was conducted on patients at a single institution between 1999 and 2016, with searches of CPT codes of 62223, 62230, 62258. The patient's lost to follow-up were excluded. Demographics, etiology of hydrocephalus, cranial entry points, and clinical outcomes (optimal placement, blood loss, operative time, malfunctions, or infections) were abstracted. Chi-square analyses were conducted to identify the association between treatment and clinical outcomes. Results Ninety-three adults (≥18 years old) patients were included in the final analysis that had clinic follow-up, average age was 40.8 ± 15.6 years, with 57.0% had catheters placed utilizing the OPP, and 43.0% using conventional landmarks. OPP had less rates of suboptimal placement (P = 0.0469), and was less likely to develop a mechanical malfunction (5.7% vs. 12.5%). There was no difference in operative time, blood loss, or infection rate. Conclusions Shunt malfunctions remain to be a common complication but can be reduced by optimal catheter positioning. The OPP established on computed tomography (CT) is just as safe as conventional landmarks, and can aid in optimal catheter positioning and can potentially reduce the risk of shunt malfunction secondary to suboptimal catheter placement.
De Lange syndrome

Nine cases of the de Lange syndrome are reviewed. Our findings show that the facial characteristics in the present series and in previously reported cases are remarkably similar. Dermatoglyphically, we have documented an increased incidence of tibial loops on the hallucal area and increased incidence of single flexion creases of the digits from this study series. Our study also supports the previous authors who have recorded an increased incidence in radial loops on the second and third digits and increased incidence of simian lines. We have not been able to document a consistent chromosomal defect.
Developmental changes in structure and polypeptide profile of the androgenic gland of the freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii

Although the mechanism of sex-differentiation in crustaceans has yet to be defined, the androgenic gland (AG) is thought to be the exclusive organ that produces the androgenic hormone (AH) which induces male sexual development. This paper presents results of light and transmission electron microscopy and total protein analysis of androgenic glands from three male morphotypes (orange-claw, orange-blue-claw and blue-claw) of the freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Highest protein content (76 µg//AG) was found in the blue-claw morphotype as compared to the orange-blue-claw (45 µg/AG) and the orange-claw morphotype (19 µg/AG). Sodiumdodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-page) analysis of the cell free extract of the AG from the three morphotypes revealed four polypeptides (∼16, ∼18, ∼23 and ∼26 Kd) which quantitatively increase from the sexually immature orange-claw to the sexually mature blue-claw morphotype. The 16 and 18 Kd polypeptides could be the AHs.
Police Body-Worn Cameras: Development of the Perceived Intensity of Monitoring Scale:

Body-worn cameras (BWCs) are the latest and perhaps most tangible answer to complex social questions regarding the use of force, state legitimacy, and the proper role of police in a liberal democra...
Active Participation in Decision-Making in Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy for Patients With Breast Cancer.

BACKGROUND We sought to determine how patient-physician communication affects patients' decision-making when choosing between contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) and unilateral mastectomy (UM). METHODS atients with breast cancer who underwent mastectomy at our institution were approached with a survey regarding patient-physician communication in CPM. RESULTS Of 101 patients who completed the survey, 55 underwent CPM (54.5%). Thirty-three patients (33%) stated that their physician recommended UM, six (6%) stated their physician recommended CPM, and 61 (61%) stated they engaged in active participation in decision-making. Most patients whose doctors recommended UM chose UM (78.8%); similarly, 83.3% of those whose doctors recommended CPM chose CPM. Of 39 patients whose doctors recommended a particular surgical option, eight (20.5%) did not follow their doctor's advice. These patients were equally as satisfied with their decisions as those who followed their doctor's advice (P = 0.441). Patients engaging in active participation in decision-making tended to choose CPM (68.3% versus 30.8%, P < 0.001). Patients who did not engage in active participation were similarly satisfied with their decision as those who did (P = 0.286). Twelve patients (12%) stated they preferred their doctor to provide a recommendation, seven (7%) preferred to make the decision on their own, and 81 (81%) preferred to actively participate in their decision-making with the physician. CONCLUSIONS Patients tend to follow physicians' recommendation of UM or CPM; patients engaging in SDM tend to choose CPM. Most patients prefer to engage in active participation in decision-making with their physician but were equally satisfied with their surgical decision whether they engaged in active participation or not.
PySE: Automatic Worst-Case Test Generation by Reinforcement Learning

Stress testing is an important task in software testing, which examines the behavior of a program under a heavy load. Symbolic execution is a useful tool to find out the worst-case input values for the stress testing. However, symbolic execution does not scale to a large program, since the number of paths to search grows exponentially with an input size. So far, such a scalability issue has been mostly managed by pruning out unpromising paths in the middle of searching based on heuristics, but this kind of work easily eliminates the true worst case as well, providing sub-optimal one only. Another way to achieve scalability is to learn a branching policy of worst-case complexity from small scale tests and apply it to a large scale. However, use cases of such a method are restricted to programs whose worst-case branching policy has a simple pattern. To address such limitations, we propose PySE that uses symbolic execution to collect the behaviors of a given branching policy, and updates the policy using a reinforcement learning approach through multiple executions. PySE's branching policy keeps evolving in a way that the length of an execution path increases in the long term, and ultimately reaches the worst-case complexity. PySE can also learn the worst-case branching policy of a complex or irregular pattern, using an artificial neural network in a fully automatic way. Experiment results demonstrate that PySE can effectively find a path of worst-case complexity for various Python benchmark programs and scales.
The quasi-periodic behavior of rainfall variability in Africa and its relationship to the southern oscillation

The temporal characteristics of rainfall variability in Africa are examined using departure series for 84 regions of the continent and five larger-scale zones. The forms of non-randomness which are investigated include linear trends, persistence and quasi-periodic fluctuations. No long-term trends in African rainfall are evident. In some sectors, most noteably along the Benguela coast and equatorial Africa, rainfall anomalies tend to persist over several months and interseasonal correlations are also high. Spectral analysis revealed significant quasi-periodicities clustered in four bands at 2.2–2.4, 2.6–2.8, 3.3–3.8 and 5.0–6.3 years. These are common throughout equatorial and southern Africa, but only weakly evident in northern Africa. A cross-spectral analysis with the Southern Oscillation suggests a strong influence on rainfall variability in southern Africa and parts of the equatorial region and minimal influence in northern Africa. Coherence with the Southern Oscillation is particularly strong in the QBO range of 2.2–2.4 years. In general, the co-spectra suggest an inverse relationship between the SOI and rainfall in equatorial regions (i.e., higher rainfall during low-index years) and a positive relationship with rainfall in most other regions where an influence can be demonstrated.
Different microcircuit responses to comparable input from a one vs. both copies of an identified projection neuron.

Neuronal inputs to microcircuits are often present as multiple copies of apparently equivalent neurons. Thus far, however, little is known regarding the relative influence on microcircuit output of activating all or only some copies of such an input. We are examining this issue in the crab (Cancer borealis) stomatogastric ganglion, where the gastric mill (chewing) microcircuit is activated by MCN1, a bilaterally paired modulatory projection neuron. Both MCN1s contain the same cotransmitters, influence the same gastric mill microcircuit neurons, can drive the biphasic gastric mill rhythm, and are co-activated by all identified MCN1-activating pathways. Here, we determine whether the gastric mill microcircuit response is equivalent when stimulating one or both MCN1s under conditions where the pair are matched to collectively fire at the same overall rate and pattern as single MCN1 stimulation. The dual MCN1 stimulations elicited more consistently coordinated rhythms, and these rhythms exhibited longer phases and cycle periods. These different outcomes from single and dual MCN1 stimulation may have resulted from the relatively modest, and equivalent, firing rate of the gastric mill neuron LG during each matched set of stimulations. The LG neuron-mediated, ionotropic inhibition of the MCN1 axon terminals is the trigger for the transition from the retraction to protraction phase. This LG neuron influence on MCN1 was more effective during the dual stimulations, where each MCN1 firing rate was half that occurring during the matched single stimulations. Thus, equivalent individual- and co-activation of a class of modulatory projection neurons does not necessarily drive equivalent microcircuit output.
Mortality beyond the First Year after Spinal Cord Injury: Does Body Mass Index Matter?

ABSTRACT Objectives To examine the association between body mass index (BMI) and mortality after the first year post spinal cord injury (SCI) overall and across demographic and injury characteristics. Design Cohort study. Setting Sixteen Spinal Cord Injury Model Systems (SCIMS) centers. Participants SCIMS Database participants age ≥20 years and having a BMI assessment during the 2007-2011 wave of data collection. Interventions Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures All-cause mortality rate. Life table method and log-rank test were used to estimate and compare mortality rates across BMI groups and other factors. Cox proportional hazard regression model was conducted to estimate hazard ratio (HR) and 95% confidence interval (CI). Results 2,346 participants with SCI were classified into one of the eight BMI groups: Conclusions To improve life expectancy after SCI, health care professionals could focus on weight management among patients with relatively low and extremely high BMI, defined by demographic and injury-related characteristics. Future studies should explore factors that contribute to such a higher mortality after SCI, including pre-existing conditions, poor diet/nutrition, and cardiorespiratory fitness.
Cinoxacin: mechanism of action, spectrum of activity, pharmacokinetics, adverse reactions, and therapeutic indications.

Cinoxacin, a chemotherapeutic agent that inhibits bacterial DNA synthesis, has recently been approved for the treatment of initial and recurrent bacterial urinary tract infections. Although closely related to nalidixic acid, cinoxacin possesses some distinct characteristics: rapid attainment of therapeutic urinary concentrations and greater activity against strains of Enterobacteriaceae that cause urinary tract infections. Biopharmaceutical properties include serum protein binding of approximately 70%, 50–60% excretion of intact drug in the urine of patients with normal renal function, and an elimination half-life of approximately one hour. The elimination half-life is increased in patients with decreased renal function and when probenecid is coadministered. Adverse events occur infrequently and consist of nausea, vomiting, headache, dizziness, and hypersensitivity reactions. The drug compares favorably with standard therapies for the treatment of bacterial cystitis and recurrent urinary tract infections. Initial studies demonstrate that cinoxacin has substantial efficacy as a prophylactic agent for those women who experience recurrent, symptomatic urinary tract infections.
Impairement aware routing in elastic multirate optical networks

We propose a novel model of impairment aware routing in multi bit rate elastic optical networks. The routing constraint with respect to optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) is established by introducing the concept of the equivalent noise figure (ENF) for optical links between network nodes. The ENF, which is equal to the OSNR increment between nodes, is calculated based on modulation format and bit rate assigned to lightpath. The look up table is initially populated by calculated values until it is eventually updated by measurement results. This concept is applicable in dynamic optical networks where bit rate and modulation format of any lightpath can be dynamically adjusted and can be employed by using extended open flow concept.
Gas chromatographic resolution of enantiomeric amphetamines and related amines. I. Structural effects on some diastereomer separations.

Abstract Eight structurally related enantiomeric primary amines including several amphetamines were resolved as diastereomers by gas chromatography. Optically active acylated amino acid chlorides were reacted with the amine racemates to yield volatile diastereomers which were chromatographed on polar and on nonpolar columns. Selectivity of diastereomeric pair separations was found to be dependent on substitution at the chiral centers of both the amino acids and the amines. Baseline resolution was achieved on a 6-ft. diethylene glycol succinate column at 200° for seven of the eight amines. The polar stationary phases yielded higher relative separation factors than the nonpolar phase in all cases for the same chromatographic conditions. The effect of varying the perfluoroacyl group of the amino acid resolving agent from trifluoroacetyl to pentafluoropropionyl to heptafluorobutyryl was to significantly decrease the retention times without significantly decreasing these separation factors.
Energy-subchannel allocation for energy harvesting nodes in frequency-selective channels

We consider an energy harvesting network with multiple transmission links in a frequency-selective fading channel. We formulate the problem of joint energy and subchannel allocation for all transmitters over a scheduling period, as a mixed integer program. With the predictions of the harvested energy and subchannel gains, we propose an algorithm to efficiently obtain the energy-subchannel allocations for all links over the scheduling period based on controlled water-filling. The proposed algorithm is shown to be asymptotically optimal when the bandwidth of the subchannel goes to zero. Simulation results demonstrate that the performance of the proposed algorithm is close to the upper-bound on the optimal performance, which is also outperforms various heuristic allocation policies.
Nontarget Vision Sensor for Remote Measurement of Bridge Dynamic Response

AbstractDisplacements of railroad bridges under trainloads need to be closely monitored, but conventional displacement sensors have limitations for use in the field. This paper presents a new vision-based sensor system developed for remote measurement of structural dynamic displacements without requiring a specially installed target-marker panel. By implementing a robust object-search algorithm, the displacement can be accurately measured by tracking existing bridge surface features from a remote distance. The accuracy of measured dynamic displacements was first evaluated using a shaking table test. Then field tests were carried out on two railroad bridges subjected to freight trainloads traveling at various speeds. Measurements were taken remotely during the daytime and also at night from different distances with and without a target panel. Through comparison with a conventional contact-type displacement sensor, the high accuracy of the proposed nontarget remote-sensor system was demonstrated in the real...
Functions of a School Nurse

Abstract This study identified and analyzed the functions of a nurse working in the school, according to frequency, importance, and complexity. Time spent and time recommended to be spent were calculated. Factors affecting the performance of the functions were explored. The 132 functions were evaluated by 686 nurses in Ohio, Illinois, Michigan, and Wisconsin. Tabulations were made as to population, type of schools, and employer. Results indicate that there was a general agreement in the performance of the functions between the groups and that total situations should be considered rather than isolated functions.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy in 41 patients: indications and clinical outcome.

Abstract Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy, under local anaesthetic, was successfully used in 40 out of 41 patients referred for nutritional support. The indications were neurological disorders of swallowing in 32 patients, head and neck cancer in four patients and supplemental feeding in a miscellaneous group of five patients. The main complications of this procedure were one failed insertion and one peritubal infection. At prospective follow-up, the tube continued to function in 16 patients (seven at home) a mean of 184 days post-insertion (range 6-610 days). In 11 patients resumption of swallowing at a mean of 122 (20-390) days allowed tube removal. Thirteen patients died from their disease, a mean of 96 (12-320) days post-insertion. Patient tolerance and patient and carer satisfaction have been excellent and early results suggest that recovery of speech and swallowing in acute neurological disorders may be enhanced. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy should be performed in all patients referred for a gastrostomy and should be considered in all patients requiring long-term tube feeding.
Antiviral antibodies inhibit the lysis of tumour cells by anti-h-2 sera.

RECENT experiments have indicated that the cytolysis of virus-infected, chemically modified, or neoplastic cells by murine T lymphocytes is restricted to target cells carrying one or more of the H–2 antigens possessed by the cells against which the cytotoxic T cells were generated1–10. Two general hypotheses have been proposed to explain the participation of H–2 antigens in T–cell-mediated cytolysis. According to one hypothesis, T lymphocytes possess two different types of receptors, one which recognises the abnormal antigens of the target cell, and a second which interacts with the H–2 antigens of that cell. In the alternative hypothesis, the T cell has only one specific receptor that is directed against a complex antigenic determinant made of of H–2 antigens and viral antigens, for example, tumour antigens induced by viral infection. Neither of these hypotheses has yet been satisfactorily proven. In support of the one-receptor hypothesis, we have found that anti-H–2 and antiviral sera show copatching and cocapping of H–2 and viral antigens on the surface of EL4 leukaemia cells9, suggesting that viral and H–2 antigenic determinants can be in close physical association on the cell surface. Here we provide new evidence for the existence of a close association between H–2 antigens and viral antigens on murine leukaemia cells.
Butylated hydroxytoluene protects chickens exposed to Newcastle disease virus

Dietary butylated hydroxytoluene, an antioxidant widely used in food and feed processing, prevents mortality of chickens exposed to virulent Newcastle disease virus and prevents the serological response of chickens exposed to avirulent Newcastle disease virus. This chemoprophylactic effect is evident when chickens are fed diets containing concentrations of butylated hydroxytoluene normally used for antioxidant purposes (100 to 200 parts per million of total diet).
Dimethylacetylene: An Analysis of the Theory Required to Interpret Its Vibrational Spectrum

The extant theory concerning the interpretation of the infrared and Raman spectrum of dimethylacetylene is summarized. This theory is extended and the symmetry group, symmetry coordinates, and the symmetry properties of the normal coordinates are all discussed. The usual G matrix theory and FG matrix method for the determination of force constants and normal coordinates has to be modified and the G matrix most useful for the calculations is derived. Detailed expressions are obtained for the energy levels of the first excited state of each of the normal vibrations; it is shown that the approximate expressions previously derived in the literature by Howard, Mills and Thompson, Kirtman, and Bunker and Longuet‐Higgins can be obtained from these more exact expressions. Finally the infrared and Raman selection rules are summarized and band shapes are discussed.
Acquaintance Rape Scripts of Women and Men : Similarities and Differences

Building on Carroll and Clark (Sex Roles 55:469–480, 2006), the current study examined whether women’s scripts overlap or diverge from acquaintance rape scripts reported by men. Using a preset rape scenario, scripts were elicited from a sample of 292 women and 125 men from the United States. A mixed-methods approach was utilized, including a content analysis of script themes as well as modeling analyses to examine gender differences in underlying latent structures. The findings confirm that, for both women and men, there is not a single rape script. However, when looking at latent structures, there is clear evidence of the diverging conceptualization of rape for women and men. Findings highlight how the Traditional Sexual Script continues to influence one’s understanding of cultural scenarios.
Effects of some rare earth oxides and/or SiO2 additions to a commercial ZrO2 paint for coating SiGe thermoelectric materials

The effects of some rare earth oxides (Y2O3, CeO2, Sm2O3 or Er2O3) and/or SiO2 additions to a commercial oxide paint (mainly ZrO2) were studied as coatings for SiGe thermoelectric materials. No spalling occurred in the samples prepared from coatings containing small amounts of Er2O3, SiO2 or both CeO2 and SiO2 while heating for 1322 h at 1080° C in vacuum, and the sublimation of silicon and/or germanium was reduced significantly. The improvements imparted by these oxide additions to the commercial oxide paint is thought to be due to decreased internal stress of the surface oxides. The addition of Y2O3 and Sm2O3 had a detrimental effect.
On the efficiency of nucleation scavenging

The activation process near cloud base for submicrometer, soluble atmospheric aerosols is described and special attention is focused on the fraction, Ԑ, of the total aerosol mass concentration that form cloud droplets. The variation of Ԑ with updraft speed for various aerosol size distributions is calculated by means of an adiabatic, one-dimensional Lagrangian cloud model. Calculations are made for aerosol particles consisting of pure ammonium bisulphate, (NH 4 )HSO 4 and the results show that for a clean continental background aerosol population. Ԑ should be very near unity for all updraft speeds. For an average urban aerosol population, Ԑ is close to unity for convective clouds. but for stratiform cases Ԑ decreases rapidly as the updraft velocity is lowered. DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0889.1984.tb00255.x
An Unusual Type of Farm Pond

Abstract In certain areas of the mesquite country of southern New Mexico and Arizona, water is pumped by night into “tanks” and drawn off by day as required for irrigation purposes. Bass reproduce successfully in these ponds; the difficulty has been to find a forage fish that will spawn in the low water temperatures occurring most of the time. Investigations indicate that tanks permitted to retain the water for periods longer than 24 hours will furnish satisfactory crops of bass and bluegill sunfish of desirable size. Increased fishing pressure has been necessary to control excessive populations.
Radioimmunoassay of some hormones simultaneously measured in serum and breast cyst fluid

Blood and breast cyst fluid were drawn simultaneously for hormonal determination. There was no difference between serum and cyst fluid values of PRL and TSH. A significant difference was noted for LH (p<0.01) and FSH (p<0.05), serum concentrations being higher than cyst fluid concentrations.
Enhanced Biogeochemical Cycling and Subsequent Reduction of Hydraulic Conductivity Associated with Soil‐Layer Interfaces in the Vadose Zone

Biogeochemical dynamics in the vadose zone are poorly understood due to the transient nature of chemical and hydrologic conditions but are nonetheless critical to understanding chemical fate and transport. This study explored the effects of a soil layer on linked geochemical, hydrological, and microbiological processes. Three laboratory soil columns were constructed: a homogenized medium-grained sand, a homogenized organic-rich loam, and a sand-over-loam layered column. Upward and downward infiltration of water was evaluated during experiments to simulate rising water table and rainfall events, respectively. In situ collocated probes measured soil water content, matric potential, and Eh. Water samples collected from the same locations were analyzed for Br, Cl, NO, SO, NH, Fe, and total sulfide. Compared with homogeneous columns, the presence of a soil layer altered the biogeochemistry and water flow of the system considerably. Enhanced biogeochemical cycling was observed in the layered column over the texturally homogeneous soil columns. Enumerations of iron- and sulfate-reducing bacteria showed 1 to 2 orders of magnitude greater community numbers in the layered column. Mineral and soil aggregate composites were most abundant near the soil-layer interface, the presence of which likely contributed to an observed order-of-magnitude decrease in hydraulic conductivity. These findings show that quantifying coupled hydrologic-biogeochemical processes occurring at small-scale soil interfaces is critical to accurately describing and predicting chemical changes at the larger system scale. These findings also provide justification for considering soil layering in contaminant fate and transport models because of its potential to increase biodegradation or to slow the rate of transport of contaminants.
Pharmacotherapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder

SSRIs and the tricyclic antidepressant clomipramine are the first-line therapies for patients with OCD, with the side-effect profile of SSRIs being more favorable than that of clomipramine. As many as 40% to 60% of patients with OCD may not respond to adequate trials of SRIs. Not all patients tolerate SSRIs, and delays in full therapeutic responses often occur. Thus, other pharmacologic approaches to treating patients with OCD have been investigated. Augmentation and monotherapy have been explored with serotonergic enhancers, dopamine and 5-HT antagonists, enhancers of second-messenger systems, and GABAergic agents with varying efficacy.
Effects of acutely lowering intraocular pressure on the results of multifocal visual evoked potential testing

. Purpose: There have been many reports in the literature on the apparent reversal of optic nerve cupping in patients with glaucoma after lowering intraocular pressure (IOP) on clinical examination, as well as improvement in visual field testing, and increased nerve fibre layer thickness on optical coherence tomography. No studies to date have looked at improvement of multifocal visually evoked potentials (mfVEP) after lowering IOP. Methods: This was a prospective study of twenty consecutive patients with elevated IOP seen in the glaucoma department of Wills Eye Institute. Patients who met the inclusion criteria for this study had a complete eye examination including IOP measurement and underwent testing with mfVEP, Heidelberg Retinal Tomograph (HRT) and static achromatic automated perimetry with SITA-Standard 24-2 program Humphrey visual field (HVF) studies at baseline and 2 h post-IOP reduction. A minimum of 30% IOP reduction was required. IOP changes were then compared with various parameters of mfVEP, HRT and HVF using Spearman rank correlation coefficients. Results: The Spearman rank correlation values between change in IOP versus various parameters were calculated: Accumap severity index (ASI), 0.37 (p = 0.14); Accumap superior hemifield, 0.049 (p = 0.85); Accumap inferior hemifield, 0.030 (p = 0.91); HVF mean deviation, 0.081 (p = 0.76); HRT rim area, 0.17 (p = 0.51); HRT cup area, −0.006 (p = 0.98). Weak positive but insignificant correlations were seen for all parameters except cup area. Conclusions: This pilot study failed to confirm statistically significant correlations between IOP reduction and changes in Accumap, HVF and HRT measures, although positive correlations were seen for most measures.
Use of coordinate mapping as a method for image data reduction

In image compression for subsequent transmission over a data channel it is often desirable to discard nonessential information before further coding for compression is performed. In this paper polarlog coordinate mapping is used to reduce the input image in a way that preserves high resolution in the field of interest while collapsing information at the field periphery. This reduced image is then compressed by using runlength encoding thus allowing the compressed data to be transmitted over a narrower bandwidth channel. Simulation results for compression using polarlog as a preprocessing stage are presented. Other possible preprocessing stages as well as compression stages are also discussed.© (1991) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
1247 ENHANCED GROWTH AND GASTROINTESTINAL FUNCTION IN PREMATURE INFANTS GIVEN NONNUTRITIVE SUCKING(NNS)

The use of pacifiers(NNS) during gavage(NG) feeding may be important for the feeding of small premature infants. Thus, transition to total nipple(po) feeding, caloric intake, intestinal motility and wt.gain/wk. were studied in 20 stable, gavage fed AGA infants (birth wt.<1500gms). Infants were matched for birth wt., diet and gest. age and then randomized into 2 groups. One group only received a pacifier prior to and during NG feeding(NNS), the control group received no pacifier. All results are in (avg±SD). The NNS group required less time to complete their first nipple feeding (6.4±2.1 vs. 10.4±4.3 min/oz. (p <.05) and a shorter transition to total po feeding(10±2.7 vs. 16±6.8 days,p<.02). In NNS, intestinal transit time determined by Carmine red in stool was shorter (12.3±3.8 vs. 32.5±7.8 hrs.p<.01) and stools more frequent (2.8±0.6 vs. 1.9±0.4/day,p < .01). After 1 week, NNS infants demonstrated a greater % weight gain/wk. (10.6%±2.5 vs. 6.8%±1.8, p<.01) which persisted until discharge despite comparable daily caloric intake (115±4 vs. 117±5 cal/kg/day,NS). Conclusion: Nonnutritive sucking in premature infants shortens time for completion of initial, and transition to total, nipple feeding as well as gastrointestinal transit time. The finding of an increased weight gain in the NNS group suggests that its use may influence nutrient absorption or energy expenditure and thus, be an important factor to consider in feeding premature infants.
Baffled‐Probe Cluster for Simultaneous, Single‐Point Monitoring of Magnetized Plasma Fluctuations

An array of baffled probes for the real-time monitoring of oscillating values of space potential, electric field and electron/ion temperature in magnetized plasma is assembled and tested. The multi-probe array samples a region with dimensions on the order or less than an ion gyroradius, essentially a single point, and does not require voltage sweeps. We refer to an array of probes contained within such a single point as a probe cluster. Here, we describe two versions of the baffled-probe cluster. In the first cluster, four independent coils of collection wire are mounted at 90-degree intervals around the circumference of a short, thin, cylindrical, four-bore ceramic tube. This tube slides into a larger-diameter, single bore, ceramic tube having four azimuthally separated masks (baffles), each lining up with a coil-coil gap on the 4-bore tube, and four baffle-to-baffle gaps, each lining up with a coil on the 4-bore tube. The second cluster uses a single four-bore ceramic tube, with four longitudinal slots to allow side access to each bore, and probes made from a single strand of collection wire. With the tubes oriented perpendicular to the magnetic field, the baffled-probe cluster is rotated around its axis in order to regulate the ratio between electron and ion currents to the baffled probes and, thereby, change the probes' relative sensitivity to space potential and temperature oscillations. This probe-cluster design has the advantages of real-time monitoring of magnetized-plasma fluctuations, post-acquisition determination of electron-temperature or ion-temperature time series, post-acquisition determination of cross-phase and coherence between fluctuations of individual plasma parameters, compact size, minimal plasma perturbation (probes are non-emissive), and relative insensitivity to alignment uncertainty. The clusters have been used for distinguishing temperature fluctuations from potential fluctuations in plasma of the WVU Q-machine.
Computational fluid dynamics of aggregating red blood cells in postcapillary venules.

Aggregate formation of red blood cells (RBCs) in a postcapillary venular bifurcation is investigated with three-dimensional computer simulations using the Chimera grid method. Interaction energy between the RBCs is modelled by a depletion interaction theory; RBCs are modelled as rigid oblate ellipsoids. The cell–cell interactions of RBCs are strongly dependent on vessel geometry and shear rates. The experimental data on vessel geometry, pseudoshear rates, and Dextran concentration obtained in our previous in vivo RBC aggregation study in postcapillary venules of the rat spinotrapezius muscle were used to simulate RBC aggregation. The computational results were compared to the experimental results from the in vivo study. The results show that cells have a larger tendency to form an aggregate under reduced flows. Aggregate formation also depends on the angle and location of the cells before they enter the bifurcation region. Comparisons with experimental data are discussed.
Bridge Rating with Consideration for Fatigue Damage from Overloads

This paper presents a proposed rating model that incorporates the fatigue damaging effects of overloads. This is achieved by introducing a fatigue index in the rating equation. The index, which app...
Primary benign vascular tumors and tumorlike lesions of the kidney: a clinicopathologic analysis of 15 cases.

Primary benign vascular lesions of the kidney are uncommonly encountered in routine surgical pathology practice. They can, however, mimic malignancy or be an incidental finding adjacent to a malignancy. Fifteen specimens harboring 16 primary benign renal lymphatic/vascular lesions were identified from our files from 1999 to 2011 and subjected to a detailed pathologic evaluation and clinicopathologic correlation. Clinical and demographic data were available for all the 15 cases. There were ten males and five female patients with age range of 33–74 years (mean 54 years). Lesions ranged from 0.5 cm to 40 cm (average, 6.6 cm). There were six arteriovenous malformations (AVMs), four hemangiomas, three anastomosing hemangiomas, two lymphangiomas, and one solid intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH). Five AVMs were located in the kidney parenchyma and one in the pelviureteric system. Additional associated lesions ranged from renal stones to renal cell carcinoma in two cases (one lymphangioma and one AVM). One AVM was associated with a capillary hemangioma in the vicinity, and another with a history of renal cell carcinoma in the contralateral kidney. Capillary hemangiomas and lymphangiomas were noninfiltrative and lacked cytological atypia and mitotic activity. Except for a renal pelvic AVM, all other renal AVMs radiologically mimicked malignancy. The patients had undergone partial or radical nephrectomies except for the renal pelvic AVM which was laparoscopically excised. To the best of our knowledge, none of the cases had any syndromic/systemic associations. Benign vascular lesions of the kidney are rarely seen in routine surgical pathology practice, partly because a vast majority of them are medically treated by embolization. However, lesions mimicking renal malignancy are subjected to surgery. They may exist as isolated lesions or coexist with malignant lesions either in the ipsilateral or the contralateral kidney.
Brauer groups of local rings with conelike singularities

Abstract The notion of conelike point is introduced, and many hypersurface singularities are shown to be conelike. Let R be the local ring of a conelike singularity on an algebraic surface in characteristic p , and K = qf ( R ). We show that, in general, the map on Brauer groups Br( R ) → Br( K ) has nontrivial p -torsion kernel.