cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ammonia-oxidizing bacterial community composition in estuarine and oceanic environments assessed using a functional gene microarray

Summary The relationship between environmental factors and functional gene diversity of ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) was investigated across a transect from the freshwater portions of the Chesapeake Bay and Choptank River out into the Sargasso Sea. Oligonucleotide probes (70-bp) designed to represent the diversity of ammonia monooxygenase (amoA) genes from Chesapeake Bay clone libraries and cultivated AOB were used to construct a glass slide microarray. Hybridization patterns among the probes in 14 samples along the transect showed clear variations in amoA community composition. Probes representing uncultivated members of the Nitrosospira-like AOB dominated the probe signal, especially in the more marine samples. Of the cultivated species, only Nitrosospira briensis was detected at appreciable levels. Discrimination analysis of hybridization signals detected two guilds. Guild 1 was dominated by the marine Nitrosospira-like probe signal, and Guild 2s largest contribution was from upper bay (freshwater) sediment probes. Principal components analysis showed that Guild 1 was positively correlated with salinity, temperature and chlorophyll a concentration, while Guild 2 was positively correlated with concentrations of oxygen, dissolved organic carbon, and particulate nitrogen and carbon, suggesting that different amoA sequences represent organisms that occupy different ecological niches within the estuarine/marine environment. The trend from most diversity of AOB in the upper estuary towards dominance of a single type in the polyhaline region of the Bay is consistent with the declining importance of AOB with increasing salinity, and with the idea that AO-Archaea are the more important ammonia oxidizers in the ocean.
Surface Plasmon Sensing of Gas Phase Contaminants Using a Single-Ended Multiregion Optical Fiber

Fiber-optic gas phase surface plasmon resonance (SPR) detection of several contaminant gases of interest to state-of-health monitoring in high-consequence sealed systems has been demonstrated. These contaminant gases include H2, H2S, and moisture using a single-ended optical fiber mode. Data demonstrate that results can be obtained and sensitivity is adequate in a dosimetric mode that allows periodic monitoring of system atmospheres. Modeling studies were performed to direct the design of the sensor probe for optimized dimensions and to allow simultaneous monitoring of several constituents with a single sensor fiber. Testing of the system demonstrates the ability to detect 9 Pa partial pressures of H2 using this technique, <; 0.04 Pa partial pressures of H2S, and increases in H2O concentration from - 70°C frost point. In addition, a multiple sensor fiber has been demonstrated that allows a single fiber to measure H2, H2S, and H2O without changing the fiber or the analytical system.
T lymphocyte-dependent B lymphocyte proliferative response to antigen. I Genetic restriction of the stimulation of B lymphocyte proliferation.

For the purpose of examining more closely the interaction between T and B lymphocytes, we have developed an in vitro T lymphocyte-dependent B lymphocyte proliferation assay. Proliferation of B lymphocytes in response to antigen was found to depend on the presence of primed T lymphocytes; the B lymphocytes could be derived from nonprimed animals. It appears that these B cells were nonspecifically recruited to proliferate. This nonspecific recruitment, however, was found to be Ir-gene restricted in that B lymphocytes from B10.S mice, which are genetic nonresponders to the polymer Glu60-Ala30-Tyr10 (GAT), could not be stimulated by GAT-primed (responder X nonresponder) F1 T cells. The apparent lack of antigen specificity in the face of Ir gene-restricted T-B interaction may have important implications in our understanding of the recognition unit(s) on T lymphocytes.
Staphylococcus aureus with Reduced Susceptibility to Vancomycin

Infections with Staphylococcus aureus with reduced susceptibility to vancomycin continue to be reported, including 2 cases caused by S. aureus isolates with full resistance to vancomycin. This review first outlines the definitions of vancomycin-intermediate S. aureus (VISA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) and risk factors for infection. Next, we describe the mechanisms of resistance and methods of laboratory detection of the organisms. Finally, we address infection control and management issues associated with isolation of VISA and VRSA.
Familial Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia.

Abstract The etiology of Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) is unknown. A possible role for genetic factors has been suggested by reports of familial clustering of WM. However, it is not yet possible to define the proportion of all WM that occurs in the familial setting. Review of the data on the 12 families published since 1962 suggests that familial WM may differ from sporadic disease in certain respects. Among these families, there is a pronounced occurrence of a variety of immunologic abnormalities in the relatives of WM cases. Notably, the prevalence of IgM monoclonal gammopathy (IgM MG) in first-degree relatives of WM cases was reported to be as high as 6.3%, representing a 10-fold increase relative to general population estimates. IgM MG has been shown to progress to WM at a rate of approximately 1.5% per year in a large case series; whether this rate of progression is altered in familial WM is unknown. Although limited by small numbers and a lack of systematic ascertainment and evaluation, these data are intriguing and provide a compelling basis for further study and systematic investigation of WM in families. Semin Oncol 30:146-152. This is a US government work. There are no restrictions on its use.
Cigarette Smoking, Oncogenic Human Papillomavirus, Ki-67 Antigen, and Cervical Intraepithelial Neoplasia

Although cigarette smoking has been identified as a cofactor for cervical neoplasia, it is not clear whether smoking exerts an early or late effect on the evolution of human papillomavirus (HPV)-related lesions. A casecontrol study of Washington State women who presented for routine gynecologic care from 1997 to 2001 was conducted. All women underwent cytologic testing and HPV DNA screening. Those with abnormal cytology findings or a positive oncogenic HPV test and a random sample of women negative on both tests were referred for colposcopically directed cervical biopsy with repeated testing. Among 461 women with oncogenic HPV were 181 controls with negative histology, 137 cases with histologically confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) grade 1 (CIN1), and 143 cases with histologically confirmed CIN grades 2–3 or higher (≥CIN2–3). Smoking information was obtained by questionnaire. Immunohistochemistry testing for Ki-67 was performed on a subset of biopsy specimens (n = 139). Smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day was associated with ≥CIN2–3 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.6, 95% confidence interval: 1.3, 5.5) and CIN1 (adjusted odds ratio = 2.5, 95% confidence interval: 1.2, 5.3). Heavy smoking was positively associated with Ki-67 but not with repeated detection of oncogenic HPV. Since smoking was associated with both CIN1 and ≥CIN2–3, cigarette by-products may affect the early evolution of HPV-related lesions, possibly by increasing the rate of cell turnover. case-control studies; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia; cervix uteri; female; Ki-67 antigen; papillomavirus, human; smoking; tobacco smoke pollution
A point-score system for the ECG diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy

Abstract A point-score system is presented for the diagnosis of left ventricular hypertrophy from the ECG. It is evaluated in an autopsy series of 150 hearts with hypertrophy designated on the basis of Zeek's criteria. Using this system, the ECG is positive 60 per cent of the time when LVH is present at autopsy. LVH is diagnosed in 3.2 per cent of nonhypertrophied hearts. The point-score system is significantly more sensitive in the presence of combined hypertension and coronary artery disease than in either alone.
Systematics, variation, and developmental instability: analysis of spine patterns in ancestrulae of a common bryozoan

Since the species was originally described in 1960, the cheilostomate bryozoan Bugula stolonifera is known to be widely distributed in temperate and sub‐tropical regions. Evidence also exists that it is an invasive species that can spread rapidly. Yet there have been no studies of its variability at the level of individual populations. One of the taxonomic characters cited in the diagnoses of Bugula spp. is the spination pattern surrounding the frontal membrane of the ancestrula, the founding member of the colony that arises from the metamorphosis of a larva. Although some authorities have recognized that the number and distribution of ancestrular spines can vary, there has been no systematic study of the extent of this variation. We examined the spination patterns of 11,162 ancestrulae derived from larvae released from 54 colonies collected at Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA. The formula cited in descriptions of the species was present in only 53% of the ancestrulae. In total, 34 distinct patterns were re...
National Reconciliation, Transnational Justice, and the International Criminal Court

Universal jurisdiction and the existence of an International Criminal Court (ICC) under the Rome Statute provide a framework through which true reconciliation can be achieved simultaneously with truth and justice. The ICC and universal jurisdiction can be viewed as laying out objective limits on the power of domestic and international actors to seek peace at any cost. This paper argues that those objective limits are not necessarily inimical to a just peace, nor are an undue burden on peacemakers. On the contrary, they can set parameters whereby a just and lasting peace can be differentiated from impunity achieved through blackmail. The first step is to take a hard look at whether international standards of accountability for gross abuses have been met. At the same time, the examination of any specific scheme of domestic accountability cannot be done on a blanket basis. It will require a close look at conditions prevailing in the country, both at the time the scheme was adopted and later; at the policies adopted and how they were meant to advance the process of national reconciliation; at who adopted those measures and how; and at concrete applications of the scheme to individual cases. Even applying this exacting standard, there will be cases in which the best course of action for the ICC and for third country courts will be to defer to the greater wisdom of local actors operating in good faith, and to decline to prosecute.
Regulation of mitochondrial ceramide distribution by members of the BCL-2 family

Apoptosis is an intricately regulated cellular process that proceeds through different cell type- and signal-dependent pathways. In the mitochondrial apoptotic program, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization by BCL-2 proteins leads to the release of apoptogenic factors, caspase activation, and cell death. In addition to protein components of the mitochondrial apoptotic machinery, an interesting role for lipids and lipid metabolism in BCL-2 family-regulated apoptosis is also emerging. We used a comparative lipidomics approach to uncover alterations in lipid profile in the absence of the proapoptotic proteins BAX and BAK in mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs). We detected over 1,000 ions in these experiments and found changes in an ion with an m/z of 534.49. Structural elucidation of this ion through tandem mass spectrometry revealed that this molecule is a ceramide with a 16-carbon N-acyl chain and sphingadiene backbone (d18:2/16:0 ceramide). Targeted LC/MS analysis revealed elevated levels of additional sphingadiene-containing ceramides (d18:2-Cers) in BAX, BAK-double knockout MEFs. Elevated d18:2-Cers are also found in immortalized baby mouse kidney epithelial cells lacking BAX and BAK. These results support the existence of a distinct biochemical pathway for regulating ceramides with different backbone structures and suggest that sphingadiene-containing ceramides may have functions that are distinct from the more common sphingosine-containing species.
SEPARATION OF POTASSIUM ISOTOPES IN VALONIA AND NITELLA

The ratio of K39 ÷ K41 appears to be lower in the sap of Valonia and Nitella than in the environment, indicating that the living cell can separate these isotopes to some extent. Experiments with a mixture of guaiacol and p-cresol suggest that a similar separation may occur here but further experiments are needed.
Coordination between Polymerase β and FEN1 Can Modulate CAG Repeat Expansion

The oxidized DNA base 8-oxoguanine (8-oxoG) is implicated in neuronal CAG repeat expansion associated with Huntington disease, yet it is unclear how such a DNA base lesion and its repair might cause the expansion. Here, we discovered size-limited expansion of CAG repeats during repair of 8-oxoG in a wild-type mouse cell extract. This expansion was deficient in extracts from cells lacking pol β and HMGB1. We demonstrate that expansion is mediated through pol β multinucleotide gap-filling DNA synthesis during long-patch base excision repair. Unexpectedly, FEN1 promotes expansion by facilitating ligation of hairpins formed by strand slippage. This alternate role of FEN1 and the polymerase β (pol β) multinucleotide gap-filling synthesis is the result of uncoupling of the usual coordination between pol β and FEN1. HMGB1 probably promotes expansion by stimulating APE1 and FEN1 in forming single strand breaks and ligatable nicks, respectively. This is the first report illustrating that disruption of pol β and FEN1 coordination during long-patch BER results in CAG repeat expansion.
Impedance spectrum for the PEP-II RF cavity

The impedance spectrum presented by the PEP-II RF cavity to the beam is calculated using a 3D MAFIA model which includes the damping waveguides and the input coupler. The simulation assumes that all the ports leading out of the cavity, including the beam pipes, are terminated in matched loads. The effect of the external loading on the longitudinal impedances will be examined. This study takes into account the input coupler damping which has not been considered in previous calculations.
Give a small child a hammer and soon everything needs hammering

The essay reviews the use of simulations and games in communication education over the past 25 years. After a rapid embracement in the late 1960s and early 1970s, disenchantment set in for many not trained in the use of simulations and games. In reflection, the author writes about three important things that she and others like herself have learned in the design and use of simulations and games: the nature of participation in simulations and games, the importance of debriefing, and the implications of both of these for the relationships between students and teachers in the classrooms.
Racial Self-Designation, Racial Identity, and Self-Esteem Revisited:

The present study examined the relationships among racial self-designation, racial identity attitudes, self-esteem, and demographic variables in a diverse sample ofM232AfricanAmericans. Reasonsfor ...
Presentations and outcomes of neurosarcoidosis: a study of 54 cases.

Summary Objective: To report on the clinical presentations, laboratory abnormalities, treatment and outcomes in 54 patients with neurosarcoidosis (NS). Background: Sarcoidosis is an inflammatory granulomatous disease affecting multiple organ systems. Neurosarcoidosis (CNS involvement) is seen in approximately 25% of patients with systemic sarcoidosis, although it is subclinical in most of these cases. Because of its rarity, exposure of neurologists to the clinical spectrum of NS is limited to case reports or short case series. Patients and Methods: A database of 3900 patients treated at the Vanderbilt Multiple Sclerosis Clinic between 1995 and 2008 was searched for ‘neurosarcoidosis’, ‘neurosarcoid’, ‘sarcoidosis’ and ‘sarcoid’. Of the 162 patient records that were retrieved, 54 patients were found to meet the criteria for definite, probable or possible neurosarcoidosis and were reviewed, including their clinical presentation, Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings, Magnetic resonance imaging (MRIs), biopsy results, treatment, and where available, outcomes 4 months to 20 years after onset of the presenting illness. Results: Clinical presentations and imaging findings in NS were varied. Cranial nerve abnormalities were the most common clinical presentation and involvement of the optic nerve in particular was associated with a poor prognosis for visual recovery. Isolated involvement of lower cranial nerves had a more favorable outcome. T2 hyperintense parenchymal lesions were the most common imaging finding followed by meningeal enhancement. Long-term treatment consisted of prednisone and/or other immunomodulators (azathioprine, methotrexate or mycophenolate mofetil). Conclusions: Unlike systemic sarcoidosis, there is difficulty in making tissue diagnosis when involvement of CNS is suspected. MRI and CSF studies are sensitive in the detection of CNS inflammation but lack specificity, making the ascertainment of neurosarcoidosis a clinical challenge. In addition the low prevalence of the disease makes clinical trials difficult and therapeutic decisions are likely to be made from careful reporting from case studies.
An Interbehavioral Analysis of Memory

Memory has long been an important topic within the domain of psychology. However, the area of memory is largely guided by theories that embrace both dualistic and reductionistic foundations. The cu...
Foreword: The NSA and the Legal Regime for Foreign Intelligence Surveillance

This paper introduces a symposium, to be published in I/S: A Journal of Law and Policy for the Information Society, 9 ISJLP __ (2014), entitled, "NSA Surveillance: Security, Privacy, and Civil Liberty," which appears online in working draft form. The paper traces the history of electronic surveillance law by way of explaining how our laws have evolved to a stage where lawyers could plausibly defend the government’s entitlement to capture and store an immense volume of our telephone and online communications, as well as metadata about both. It goes on to introduce the other papers in the symposium and concludes by arguing the importance of executive branch acquiescence in such statutory limits as Congress may impose on national security surveillance as it affects Americans.
Bilateral Scapular Fracture and Triceps Tendon Rupture After a Grand Mal Seizure: A Case Report.

We report a case of bilateral and simultaneous triceps tendon rupture and scapular fracture (Orthopaedic Trauma Association [OTA] classification 14-A3.2) after a single generalized tonic-clonic seizure. To the best of our knowledge, the current literature reports only three cases of bilateral complete triceps tendon rupture in hemodialysis patients1-3 and one case of bilateral partial triceps tendon rupture in an athlete4. Scapular fractures are most commonly caused by high-energy trauma, electric shock, or convulsions5-7, and there are several published cases of bilateral scapular fracture secondary to seizure activity6,8,9. Our case emphasizes the importance of recognizing renal osteodystrophy and secondary hyperparathyroidism as common underlying conditions leading to orthopaedic injuries. The patient was informed that data concerning the case would be submitted for publication, and he provided consent. A forty-two-year-old left-hand-dominant man was admitted to the intensive care unit with profound hyponatremia after a witnessed, single, generalized tonic-clonic seizure following a missed dialysis appointment. The chief symptom was bilateral upper-extremity weakness and limited shoulder motion, which occurred immediately after the seizure. Past medical history was notable for hypertension, gout, and polycystic kidney disease with chronic renal failure that required hemodialysis. Medication included 2000 mg of calcium acetate three times per day for hyperphosphatemia. One week prior to the seizure, the patient had hypocalcemia (calcium, 6.0 mg/dL) and hyperphosphatemia (phosphate, 8.9 mg/dL), and two weeks prior to the seizure, the parathyroid hormone level was 1900 pg/mL. The laboratory values on admission are listed in Table I; hyponatremia, hypocalcemia, and hyperphosphatemia were all present. View this table: TABLE I Vital Signs and Laboratory Values on Admission Radiographs and computed tomography (CT) of both shoulders (Figs. 1 and 2), with axial and coronal reconstructions, demonstrated comminuted fractures of the scapulae inferior to the glenoid (OTA …
Screening, Case-Finding, and Outcomes for Adults With Unrecognized COPD.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common chronic disease of middle-aged and older adults, with an estimated prevalence of diagnosed COPD of almost 14 million individuals in the United States.1 This condition leads to substantial morbidity, disability, impaired quality of life, increased health care costs, and mortality.2 In addition to persons with diagnosed COPD, it has been estimated that 60% of individuals living in the United States with obstructive lung disease have not been diagnosed3; these individuals appear to experience impaired health status,4 activities of daily living,4 and outcomes
Index of Suspicion in the NurseryCase 1: Scalp Lesion Develops at Age 8 Days

A female newborn infant is admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit at age 40 hours because of respiratory distress and dusky skin color and requires endotracheal intubation. Physical examination findings are significant for indurated pitting edema of the posterior scalp and neck. No other skin lesions are visible. The 37 3/7-week gestational age infant with a birth weight of 2,269 g was born to a 37-year-old, gravida 1, para 1, Group B Streptococcus–negative mother by vaginal delivery. The amniotic fluid was clear, and the duration of rupture of membranes was 12 hours. Apgar scores were 8 and 9 at 1 and 5 minutes, respectively. An intrauterine pressure catheter (IUPC) and a fetal scalp electrode were placed 4 hours before delivery. Blood and endotracheal cultures are obtained, and treatment with ampicillin and gentamicin is initiated. The initial white blood cell count is 0.3 × 103/μL (0.3 × 109/L) with 19% segmented neutrophils and no bands, and the C-reactive protein (CRP) level is 156 mg/L. The infant is oliguric and hypotensive and requires support with dopamine. The next day the blood- and endotracheal cultures yield Streptococcus dysgalactiae subspecies equisimilis sensitive to ampicillin, the CRP level peaks at 205 mg/L and thrombocytopenia with a platelet count of 43 × 103/μL (43 × 109/L) develops. Urine and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples are obtained, and the results of the cultures are subsequently …
Using generic knowledge in analysis of aerial scenes: a case study

Our goal is to produce high-quality symbolic descriptions from aerial scenes. We have chosen to work in the domain of large commercial airport complexes. Such scenes have a variety of features such as the transportation network, building structures, and mobile objects. This paper concentrates on detection and description of the transportation network (runways and taxiways). We illustrate the complexities of this problem and how it can be solved by using geometrical context and generic airport domain knowledge.
Some Implications of Alcohol-Induced Lipid Changes

The increasing number of reports indicating an inverse association between cardiovascular morbidity or mortality and moderate alcohol intake (Gordon and Kannell, 1983; Kagan et al., 1981; Klatsky et al., 1974; Kozarevic et al., 1982; Salonen et al., 1983) represent a perplexing dilemma for the providers of health care (Ashley, 1984; Lieber, 1984; Popham et al., 1983).
First Report of Downy Mildew Caused by Peronospora belbahrii on Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum) in Arkansas

Basil (Ocimum basilicum) is a specialty crop widely grown commercially and in home gardens in Arkansas. In the United States, downy mildew caused by Peronospora belbahrii was first seen and reported in Florida in 2008 (Roberts et al. 2009) and has since been reported in 42 states plus the District of Columbia (Wyenandt et al. 2015). In 2016, a grower in Fayetteville, Arkansas, reported downy mildew in basil to the online monitoring program (McGrath et al. 2010), but neither morphological nor molecular identification was conducted in Arkansas at that time. In 2017, the Arkansas Plant Health Clinic received samples of basil with necrotic leaves and wilting from three Arkansas counties (Pulaski, Sebastian, and Washington). The symptoms began on lower leaves and progressed from yellowing to complete leaf death. A gray mycelial growth was observed on the underside of the leaves. Brown lesions were also observed on the stems. The morphological characteristics of the pathogen were observed using microscopy. Downy mildew caused by P. belbahrii was diagnosed based on the dichotomous branching, hyaline sporangiophores (243 to 620 × 4 to 9 μm), two to five times branched, bearing single sporangia. Sporangia were light brown, ovoid to slightly ellipsoid, and averaged 24 × 20 μm. The morphological identification of P. belbahrii was confirmed with molecular identification. Genomic DNA was extracted from spore suspension from diseased sweet basil tissue with a DNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The rDNA region was amplified with ITS4 and ITS6 primers (Cooke et al. 2000). The consensus sequence was deposited into GenBank (accession no. MG269986). BLAST analysis in the NCBI with products from ITS4 and ITS6 primers revealed 96% similarity with P. belbahrii reported on sweet basil in Florida (GenBank accession no. HQ730979.1), Korea (KX228833.1), China (KP657570.1), Canada (KC756923.1), Czech Republic (KJ960193.1), Hungary (HQ702191.1), and Cyprus (KF419290.1). Leaves of potted basil plants were inoculated by spraying plants until runoff with a suspension containing 1 × 10⁵ sporangia/ml obtained from the sample from Sebastian county. Plants were placed in a dew chamber for 24 h at 22°C and then moved to the greenhouse and maintained at 25°C. Noninoculated plants served as controls and were treated with sterile distilled water. After 12 days, symptoms typical of downy mildew occurred on the inoculated basil plants. Spores and sporangiophores were lifted from the leaf lesions using a tape mount and confirmed as P. belbahrii microscopically. The morphological identification of P. belbahrii was confirmed with molecular identification.
Black Woman Reformer: Ida B. Wells, Lynching, and Transatlantic Activism

Sarah L. Silkey’s Black Woman Reformer is an in-depth study of Ida B. Wells’s British antilynching campaign. While previous Wells scholars have most certainly explored the history and impact of the...
Indigo: A Domain-Specific Language for Fast, Portable Image Reconstruction

Linear operators used in iterative methods like conjugate gradient have typically been implemented either as ""matrix-driven"" subroutines backed by explicit sparse or dense matrices, or as ""matrix-free"" subroutines that implement specific linear operations directly (e.g. FFTs). The matrix-driven approach is generally more portable because it can target widely-available BLAS libraries, but it can be inefficient in terms of time and space complexity. In contrast, the matrix-free approach is more performant because it leverages structure in operations, but it requires each operator be re-implemented on each new platform. To increase performance and portability, we propose a hybrid approach that represents linear operators as expression trees. Leaf nodes in the tree are either matrix-free or matrix-driven operators, and interior nodes represent mathematical compositions (sums, products, transposes) or structural compositions (stacks, block diagonals, etc.) of the leaf operators. This representation enables expert-guided reordering and fusion transformations that can improve performance or reduce memory pressure. We implement our approach in a domain-specific language called Indigo. We assess Indigo on image reconstruction problems arising in four application areas: magnetic resonance imaging, ptychography, magnetic particle imaging, and fluorescent microscopy. We give performance results from vendor BLAS libraries, and we introduce specializations to Sparse BLAS routines that achieve near-Roofline performance on multi-core, many-core, and GPU systems.
The Plurabilities of "Parole". Giordano Bruno and the Cyclical Trope of Language in Finnegan's Wake

Arguments about category pervade contemporary discussio of Finnegans Wake, yet controversies over its modernity 01 postmodernity, coherence or incoherence, only emphasize the ways in which Joyce's fiction reveals the constraints implicit in the notion of boundary itself. In its unprecedented mode of rendering literary narrative, Finnegans Wake traces multiple layers of digression in an effort to portray human perception as similarly protean and circular. Yet this seemingly incoherent circuitry coheres as fragments of the narrative recombine into a syncretic network of relations in which the fluidity of language becomes a trope for continuity. David Sidorsky argues that Finnegans Wake offers a postmodern rejection of historical subjectivity in its resistance to narrative linearity, asserting that the Wake challenges not only the notion of teleology in history through the Vichian pattern of counteraction but the "reality" of his torical understanding itself:
Constraints on the onset duration of the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM, approx. 56 Ma) provides a test case for investigating how the Earth system responds to rapid greenhouse gas-driven warming. However, current rates of carbon emissions are approximately 10 Pg C yr-1, whereas those proposed for the PETM span orders of magnitude-from ≪1 Pg C yr-1 to greater than the anthropogenic rate. Emissions rate estimates for the PETM are hampered by uncertainty over the total mass of PETM carbon released as well as the PETM onset duration. Here, I review constraints on the onset duration of the carbon isotope excursion (CIE) that is characteristic of the event with a focus on carbon cycle model-based attempts that forgo the need for a traditional sedimentary age model. I also review and compare existing PETM carbon input scenarios employing the Earth system model cGENIE and suggest another possibility-that abrupt input of an isotopically depleted carbon source combined with elevated volcanic outgassing over a longer interval can together account for key features of the PETM CIE.This article is part of a discussion meeting issue 'Hyperthermals: rapid and extreme global warming in our geological past'.
Voiding Trial in Office after Unsuccessful Voiding Trial in Postoperative Unit: How Many More Days Is Enough?

ABSTRACT Study Objective To determine the incidence of a successful in-office voiding trial after minimally invasive hysterectomy. Design A retrospective cohort study. Setting A tertiary care academic center. Patients All patients undergoing minimally invasive hysterectomies (vaginal, laparoscopic, or robotic) from January 2013 to July 2018 who have an unsuccessful voiding trial in the postoperative unit. Interventions A voiding trial. Measurements and Main Results Of 558 outpatient hysterectomies (with same-day discharge) performed in the time period of interest, 174 patients were discharged home with a Foley catheter (31%). Of those patients, 37% presented for a repeat in-office voiding trial at less than 3 postoperative days, 31% presented at 3 postoperative days, and 31.6% presented at more than 3 postoperative days. Eighty-six percent of patients presenting for their first in-office voiding trial were successful at voiding. There were no differences noted in age, gravity, parity, the use of hormone replacement therapy, menopausal status, smoking, hypertension, or diabetes in patients who passed their first in-office voiding trial compared with those who did not. Vaginal hysterectomy was the most common route of hysterectomy and was performed in 57% of cases followed by robotic hysterectomy in 32%. There were no differences noted in the indication or route of hysterectomy between patients who pass or fail their first in-office voiding trial. At the time of hysterectomy, 47% of patients had concomitant female pelvic medicine and reconstructive surgery procedures performed (midurethral sling, periurethral injections, or colporrhaphy). The incidence of urinary tract infections in this patient cohort was 12%, but the incidence was significantly higher in patients who failed compared with those who passed their first in-office voiding trial (37.3% vs 7.3%, p Conclusion The timing of the repeat in-office voiding trial in posthysterectomy patients who fail their initial voiding trial in the postanesthesia care unit was not related to success. The incidence of urinary tract infections is higher in patients who fail their repeat voiding trial because recatheterization and a longer duration of catherization are necessary.
Neuroimmune Mechanisms of Latent Pain Sensitization after Chemotherapy

The episodic nature of chronic pain has been described in animal models as latent pain sensitization. For example, after remission from inflammatory or postsurgical pain, assessed by normalization of mechanical pain threshold, injection of opioid receptor inverse agonists reinstates allodynia (1,2,3). To investigate whether latent sensitization is also occurring in neuropathic pain and neuroimmune mechanisms are involved, male and female mice were treated with 3 daily injections of cisplatin (2 mg/kg) to induce a transient neuropathic pain. Mice developed mechanical allodynia that resolved after 3 weeks. Interleukin (IL)-10 mRNA was significantly upregulated in the spinal cord during and after remission from cisplatin-induced neuropathic pain. One week after remission, injection of a neutralizing antibody anti-IL-10 reinstated mechanical allodynia in both male and female mice treated with cisplatin whereas the same treatment had no effect on naive mice. To determine the downstream mechanism of the reinstatement of allodynia by inhibition of IL-10 signaling, we performed RNA-sequencing analysis of dorsal root ganglion (DRG) tissue. Reinstatement of allodynia was associated with a change in gene expression of 168 genes. Among the genes potentially regulated by IL-10 signaling during remission was oprd1 (log2 fold change -0.36 and padjusted
The discontinuous nature of electrical propagation in cardiac muscle. Consideration of a quantitative model incorporating the membrane ionic properties and structural complexities. The ALZA distinguished lecture.

The propagation of excitation in cardiac muscle has generally been treated as though it occurred in a continuous structure. However, new evidence indicates that propagation in cardiac muscle often displays a discontinuous nature. In this paper, we consider the hypothesis that this previously unrecognized type of propagation is caused by recurrent discontinuities of effective axial resistivity which affect the membrane currents. The major implication is that the combination of discontinuities of axial resistivity at several size scales can produce most currently known cardiac conduction disturbances previously thought to require spatial nonuniformities of the membrane properties. At present there is no appropriate model or simulation for propagation in anisotropic cardiac muscle. However, the recent quantitative description of the fast sodium current in voltage-clamped cardiac muscle membrane makes it possible, for the first time, to apply experimentally based quantitative membrane models to propagation in cardiac muscle. The major task now is to account for the functional role of the structural complexities of cardiac muscle. The importance of such a model is that it would establish how the membrane ionic currents and the complexities of cell and tissue structure interact to determine propagation in both normal and abnormal cardiac muscle.
Dendrochronological dating of Rebel's Rest (40FR512), Franklin County, Tennessee, USA.

Abstract The structure named Rebel’s Rest was a two-story, Reconstruction-era house located on the campus of the University of the South in Sewanee, Tennessee, before being severely damaged by fire in July 2014. The house was constructed of squared timbers and round logs, with later additions built using sawn lumber. Dendrochronological analyses of timbers and logs salvaged from the house reveals wood from four genera: oak (Quercus spp.), tulip poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.), American chestnut (Castanea dentata [Marshall] Borkh.), and pine (Pinus spp.). We statistically and graphically crossdated a total of 251 samples (24,410 rings) with regional chronologies from the ITRDB, resulting in three dated chronologies comprised of oak (1645–1874), tulip poplar (1725–1865), and American chestnut (1710–1864). The majority of samples with cutting dates (95.6%) ended in years 1865–1866, confirming the historically reported construction date of 1866 for the initial structure. The cutting date analysis also confirms two rooms as later additions, Room M (1867) and Room B (1875). Based on ring count and the number of chronologies produced, this research represents the largest known dataset from a single historic structure in the Southeastern US.
A potent voltage-gated calcium channel inhibitor engineered from a nanobody targeted to auxiliary CaVβ subunits

Inhibiting high-voltage-activated calcium channels (HVACCs; CaV1/CaV2) is therapeutic for myriad cardiovascular and neurological diseases. For particular applications, genetically-encoded HVACC blockers may enable channel inhibition with greater tissue-specificity and versatility than is achievable with small molecules. Here, we engineered a genetically-encoded HVACC inhibitor by first isolating an immunized llama nanobody (nb.F3) that binds auxiliary HVACC CaVβ subunits. Nb.F3 by itself is functionally inert, providing a convenient vehicle to target active moieties to CaVβ-associated channels. Nb.F3 fused to the catalytic HECT domain of Nedd4L (CaV-aβlator), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, ablated currents from diverse HVACCs reconstituted in HEK293 cells, and from endogenous CaV1/CaV2 channels in mammalian cardiomyocytes, dorsal root ganglion neurons, and pancreatic β cells. In cardiomyocytes, CaV-aβlator redistributed CaV1.2 channels from dyads to Rab-7-positive late endosomes. This work introduces CaV-aβlator as a potent genetically-encoded HVACC inhibitor, and describes a general approach that can be broadly adapted to generate versatile modulators for macro-molecular membrane protein complexes.
Tibial Plateau Fractures: A New Rank Ordering Method For Determining To What Degree Injury Severity Or Quality Of Reduction Correlate With Clinical Outcome.

Background Injury severity may be the most important factor in determining outcome after articular fractures, but there is a surprising paucity of clinical evidence to support this assertion. The purpose of this study was to utilize a new method for rank ordering a group of patient radiographs to assess the effect of injury severity and quality of reduction on patient outcomes after tibial plateau fractures. Methods Tibial plateau fractures in 64 patients were treated operatively or non-operatively based on physician preference from standard of care techniques. Fracture severity and reduction quality were stratified from radiographs by four expert clinicians using an iTunes-based rank ordering methodology. The images were distributed electronically, and the ranks were performed on local computers at three different institutions. Clinical outcomes were measured with the SF-12 health questionnaire and the Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS). Results There was excellent or very good agreement between raters for injury severity ranking (correlation 0.77-0.91) and quality of reduction (correlation 0.66-0.82). There was no correlation between the injury severity nor quality of reduction and general or joint-specific clinical outcomes. Conclusions Expert orthopaedic traumatologists strongly agree on how to rank order tibial plateau fractures based both on injury severity and quality of reduction. The novel electronic interface utilized allows an ever-expanding series of cases to be ranked quickly, conveniently, and across multiple centers. This interface holds great promise for establishing prospective, continuously expanding rank orders of various fracture types, which may have great value for clinical research, education about fracture severity, and for prognosis and treatment decisions. In the present study, neither injury severity nor quality of reduction correlated with the clinical outcomes. Other patient- and injury-related factors may be more important in determining clinical outcome of tibial plateau fractures than the appearances of the radiographs at the time of injury or after reduction. Level of Evidence: level III evidence.
Intercultural Competencies Needed for Evolving Media Professions: Educating the Next Generation of Globally Minded Communicators:

This mixed-methods study was designed to determine which global competencies are most sought after in college students and recent graduates who are applying for internships and jobs that are intern...
Artificial intelligence to organize patient portal messages: a journey from an ensemble deep learning text classification to rule-based named entity recognition

Since the turn of the millennium, numerous healthcare venues all over the world have made a standard of communication transition from the classic telephone call to a sophisticated online patient portal system. More and more, a majority of patients prefer using portal-style communication for clinician contact, checking lab results, and other informational transactions, in which hundreds of thousands of patient portal messages (PPMs) are daily generated as free-text data with multiple requests often buried in one single message. Thus, there is a pressing need to design and implement artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms to accurately organize this wealth of data in a timely fashion. With the present contribution, an attempt was made to first develop an ensemble deep learning text classification component and then integrate it with rule-based named entity recognition to categorize free-text PPMs submitted under the “Non-Urgent Medical Question” subject in the patient portal as either containing active symptom descriptions or logistical requests (e.g., appointment rescheduling).
Faculty perceptions of student plagiarism and interventions to tackle it: a multiphase mixed-methods study in Qatar

The widespread use of the internet and other digital resources has contributed to the escalation of plagiarism among medical students and students of other healthcare professions. Concerns were raised by faculty at Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar (WCM-Q), a branch of Weill Cornell Medicine of Cornell University in New York, who had been observing plagiarism in students’ assignments. To identify the extent of plagiarism practices and their contributing factors, a two-phase mixed-method research study was conducted, comprising a survey administered in 2013, followed by longitudinal interventions, and a second survey in 2017 to measure the impact of the interventions. By Phase II, overall observed plagiarism incidents per year decreased from 44 to 28%, and the number of faculty who observed no plagiarism incidents increased significantly from 12 to 37%. The faculty concerned about student plagiarism decreased by 33% [53.1 to 20%] between Phase I and Phase II. When students are provided with information regarding what constitutes plagiarism and their institution’s policy in response to plagiarism incidents, they are less likely to engage in such practices.
Equality of Opportunity

Abstract The modern formulation of equality of opportunity emerges from discussions in political philosophy from the second half of the twentieth century beginning with Rawls (1971) and Dworkin, 1981a , Dworkin, 1981b . Equality of opportunity exists when policies compensate individuals with disadvantageous circumstances so that outcomes experienced by a population depend only on factors for which persons can be considered to be responsible. Importantly, inequality of opportunity for income exists when individuals’ incomes are in some important part determined by the educational achievement and income of the families that raised them. We review the philosophical debates referred to, commenting upon them from an economist's viewpoint. We propose several ways of modeling equality (or inequality) of opportunity, pointing out that an equal-opportunity ethic implies a non-welfarist way of ranking social outcomes. We propose that economic development should be conceived of as the equalization of opportunities for income in a country. We consider equalization of opportunity from a dynamic viewpoint, and we review popular attitudes with regard to distributive justice, showing that there is substantial popular support for an equal-opportunity ethic. We discuss the empirical issues that emerge in measuring inequality of opportunity and provide a review of the empirical literature that measures degrees of inequality of opportunity for the achievement of various objectives, in various countries.
How animal agriculture stakeholders define, perceive, and are impacted by antimicrobial resistance: challenging the Wellcome Trust's Reframing Resistance principles.

Humans, animals, and the environment face a universal crisis: antimicrobial resistance (AR). Addressing AR and its multi-disciplinary causes across many sectors including in human and veterinary medicine remains underdeveloped. One barrier to AR efforts is an inconsistent process to incorporate the plenitude of stakeholders about what AR is and how to stifle its development and spread—especially stakeholders from the animal agriculture sector, one of the largest purchasers of antimicrobial drugs. In 2019, The Wellcome Trust released Reframing Resistance: How to communicate about antimicrobial resistance effectively (Reframing Resistance), which proposed the need to establish a consistent and harmonized messaging effort that describes the AR crisis and its global implications for health and wellbeing across all stakeholders. Yet, Reframing Resistance does not specifically engage the animal agriculture community. This study investigates the gap between two principles recommended by Reframing Resistance and animal agriculture stakeholders. For this analysis, the research group conducted 31 semi-structured interviews with a diverse group of United States animal agriculture stakeholders. Participants reported attitudes, beliefs, and practices about a variety of issues, including how they defined AR and what entities the AR crisis impacts most. Exploration of Reframing Resistance’s Principle 2, “explain the fundamentals succinctly” and Principle 3, “emphasis that this is universal issue; it can affect anyone, including you” reveals disagreement in both the fundamentals of AR and consensus of “who” the AR crisis impacts. Principle 2 may do better to acknowledge that animal agriculture stakeholders espouse a complex array of perspectives that cannot be summed up in a single perspective or principle. As a primary tool to combat AR, behavior change must be accomplished first through outreach to stakeholder groups and understanding their perspectives.
Rethinking teacher education: The trouble with accountability

In many developed countries over the past two decades, there have been new standards, new monitoring systems, new course and fieldwork requirements for teacher candidates, new accreditation criteri...