cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A hybrid RF-LCF interstitial implant

Radio Frequency-Localized Current Field (RF-LCF) technique of interstitial hyperthermia delivery is able to provide volumetric control of power deposition in tissue when segmented electrodes are used. However, in the present form this technique is not practical because it requires two separate implants for the same tumor: one for hyperthermia and the other for radiotherapy delivery (the lumen of RF electrodes if filled with wires necessary to control power to each segment and cannot be used for placement of radioactive sources). A hybrid implant for RF-LCF hyperthermia delivery for RF-LCF hyperthermia delivery was developed and studied theoretically and experimentally. In this implant, each segmented electrode is surrounded by four continuous electrodes that pass through vertices of 1.5/spl times/1.5 cm/sup 2/. These continuous electrodes can be used for placement of radioactive sources. The segmented electrodes pass through the center of each square and are used for volumetric control of power deposition. Thus, the proposed technique circumvents the major deficiency of the conventional volumetrically controlled RF-LCF hyperthermia.
Electroantennogram and behavioral responses of Pteromalus cerealellae to odor stimuli associated with its host, Callosobruchus maculatus

Pteromalus cerealellae (Ashmead) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) is a generalist parasitoid of the larvae of many stored-product insects, including the cowpea seed beetle, Callosobruchus maculatus (F.) (Coleoptera: Bruchidae), which live endophytically in cowpea seeds. The role of host-related semiochemicals in the host location behavior of this parasitoid was investigated using electroantennogram (EAG) and behavioral (olfactometer) techniques. Responses of mated and unmated female P. cerealellae were tested to a variety of host-related chemical stimuli including hexane extracts of uninfested cowpea seeds, (bruchid)-infested cowpea seeds, bruchid larvae (whole body or WB), larval frass, adult female bruchids (WB), and adult male bruchids (WB). All of the tested stimuli elicited significant EAG responses in unmated and mated female P. cerealellae, with mated females exhibiting a greater EAG response than unmated females to some treatments. Results from Y-tube olfactometer bioassays demonstrated a significant response of mated female P. cerealellae to extracts of uninfested cowpea seeds, infested cowpea seeds, adult female bruchids, bruchid larvae, and larval frass, but no significant response was elicited by the extract of adult male bruchids. Pair-wise comparisons of the four most attractive stimuli (i.e. uninfested seeds, infested seeds, bruchid larvae, and larval frass) in a four-way olfactometer showed preference of mated female P. cerealellae for the extract of uninfested cowpea seeds compared to larval frass extract. No significant differences were recorded between other paired treatments. These results suggest the relative importance of volatile cues from seeds (host habitat) in mediating host location by P. cerealellae.
Ovine Nutritional Responses to Elevated Ambient Carbon Dioxide

Nutritional responses were investigated in mature wether sheep exposed to six levels of CO2: ambient, 2, 4, 8, 12 and 16%. Two methods of ex posure were employed : 1) abrupt exposure in which CO2 was increased to the desired level in 2 hours or less and then maintained for 7 days, and 2) gradual exposure in which COi was increased to the desired level over a 3-day period and then maintained for 7 days. In both treatments, increased CO2levels resulted in significant decreases in voluntary intake of feed and water and decreased urine excretion. Feed digestibility was decreased only at the 16% CO2exposures. Ru men function was also affected, as reflected in decreases in volatile fatty acid levels. In certain parameters the abrupt exposures caused significantly greater depressions than did the gradual treatments. Among these were feed intake and digestibility. Rate of passage and blood glucose levels were not significantly affected by levels of CO2 or treatments. Responses of most parameters investi gated remained relatively stable until CO2reached 12% abrupt and 16% gradual where marked decreases occurred. J. Nutr. 101: 1595-1600, 1971.
Discursive Positioning in a Fifth-Grade Writing Lesson: The Making of a "Bad, Bad Boy"

In this article the author draws on the concept of positioning to examine how language is used during one particular fifth-grade writing lesson to construct both the lesson and the participants. The author's analysis of the classroom interactions makes visible how participants colluded to position one student in particular, Larnell, as a "bad, bad boy," and worked to ultimately exclude him from the classroom community. The study has implications for understanding the social construction of school failure and resistance, particularly as they relate to the overrepresentation of black males in special education and exclusionary disciplinary settings.
Degree of polarization in laser speckles from turbid media: Implications in tissue optics

The degree of polarization (DOP) of laser-speckle fields, where the speckles were generated by a polarized laser beam incident upon two kinds of samples: ground glass and wax, was investigated within a single coherence area as well as over multiple coherence areas. For the surface-scattering ground glass, the incident polarization state was preserved in the speckle field, and hence the DOP remained at unity regardless of the area of detection. For the volume-scattering wax, the polarization states varied with positions in the field, and consequently the DOP depended on the area of detection: the DOP decreased with an increasing area of detection, and only when the area was much smaller than the coherence area would the DOP approach unity. A numerical simulation explained the experimental observation. These results are important for the understanding of polarization phenomena in turbid media such as biological tissue.
Toward a left art of government: from ‘Foucauldian critique’ to Foucauldian politics

Many contemporary uses of Foucauldian modes of analysis to ‘critique power’ (as it is often put) today lead to a rather sterile form of political engagement, in which denunciation (the politics of the ‘anti’) takes the place of positive political programs, and the strategies of government that such positive programs necessarily entail. Attention to some of Foucault’s own remarks about politics hints at a different political sensibility, in which empirical experimentation rather than moralistic denunciation takes center place. This article identifies some examples of such experimentation that come out of recent research on the politics of social assistance in southern Africa, and draws conclusions regarding the prospects for developing a ‘left art of government’.
Antecedents and consequences of job search behaviors

Abstract This longitudinal study extends previous research on job search by evaluating the impact of individual difference variables such as gender, school performance, and Type A behavior on job search and the influence of search on recruitment, interview performance, job offers, and job placement outcomes such as search stress and job satisfaction. Results suggest a link between job search, interview outcomes, number of job offers, and placement outcomes weaker than that suggested in research reviewed in this paper. Confidence in obtaining search outcomes more consistently predicted interview and placement outcomes.
New Advances in the use of Neuman’s Lines of Defense and Resistance in Quantitative Research:

In 1997, Gigliotti proposed that certain conceptual and empirical considerations were necessary when using the Neuman systems model lines of defense and resistance in quantitative research. Since that time, a period of theoretical sharpening has resulted both from the iterative process of theory development through research and refinement of proposed relations, and from concept clarification efforts. These new advances prompt new empirical considerations. Specifically, the notion of the flexible line of defense strictly as a moderator has been reconsidered and new relations between the normal line of defense and the lines of resistance, as well as between the core, the lines of resistance and the normal line of defense are proposed.
Brief Report: Fetal Hematopoiesis—Case Report

An unusually well-preserved eleven-week, 4.7 cm. human fetus exhibited active erythropoiesis in liver, and myelopoiesis in femur and humerus; the spleen was the site for sequestration and destruction of primitive erythrocytes, and the yolk sac was fibrotic. High proportions of adult type hemoglobin (A) were found in liver homogenate, and an electrophoretically distinctive fetal form of G6PD was observed.
Ab initio prediction of electronic, transport and bulk properties of Li2S

In this paper, we present results from ab initio, self-consistent, local density approximation (LDA) calculations of electronic and related properties of cubic antifluorite (anti-CaF2) lithium sulfide (Li2S). Our nonrelativistic computations implemented the linear combination of atomic orbital (LCAO) formalism following the Bagayoko, Zhao and Williams method, as enhanced by Ekuma and Franklin (BZW–EF). Consequently, using several self-consistent calculations with increasing basis sets, we searched for the smallest basis set that yields the absolute minima of the occupied energies. The outcomes of the calculation with this basis set, called the optimal basis set, have the full physical content of density functional theory (DFT). Our calculated indirect band gap, from Γ to X, is 3.723 eV, for the low temperature experimental lattice constant of 5.689 A. The predicted indirect band gap of 3.702 eV is obtained for the computationally determined equilibrium lattice constant of 5.651 A. We have also calculated ...
Long term outcomes after carotid endarterectomy in patients with end stage renal disease

INTRODUCTION: Ephrin-B2 is an embryonic determinant of arteries whereas its tyrosine kinase receptor Ephrin (Eph)-B4 is an embryonic determinant of veins. We have previously reported that Eph-B4 expression is reduced, but Ephrin-B2 expression is increased, during vein graft adaptation, and that Eph-B4 inhibition of vein wall thickening is dependent on caveolin-1, a major structural component of caveolae. We hypothesized that Eph-B4 phosphorylation and downstream signaling is differentially activated by arterial and venous magnitudes of shear stress.
Intra-operative monitoring of two facial muscles in hemifacial spasm surgery.

Abstract Background Hemifacial spasm (HFS) is a chronic facial nerve disorder characterized by spontaneous muscle contractions. Microvascular decompression (MVD) is the neurosurgical treatment of choice. Intraoperative neurophysiologic monitoring (IOM) during MVD can help determine when adequate decompression is performed. Methods MVD with IOM was performed on 16 patients with HFS that included recording the abnormal lateral spread response (LSR) in lower facial muscles, considered as neurophysiologic marker of HFS. Two lower facial muscles were monitored as opposed to a standard monitoring of a single muscle. Results All patients underwent preoperative thin cut MRI confirming the presence of neurovascular conflict. Patients underwent small retrosigmoid craniotomy and MVD. In 13 cases, the LSR guided the surgeon to continue MVD until the response was unobtainable from all recorded lower facial muscles. In four of those (30%), the LSR persisted on one of the recorded muscle and prompted further exploration and decompression until complete disappearance of LSR in all recorded muscles. In two cases, the LSR disappeared after dural opening and never recurred during the procedure, therefore the completion of MVD was based on non reappearance of LSR. In one case, the LSR persisted despite apparent complete decompression of the nerve. Fourteen patients had complete relief of their symptoms after surgery, one had partial improvement and the one with persistent LSR was unchanged. Conclusion Evaluation of the LSR by monitoring of two lower facial muscles provides valuable neurosurgical guidance during MVD for HFS. This simple modification of intra-operative monitoring may improve prediction of satisfactory MVD and HFS resolution.
Interactions and relevance of blast percentage and treatment strategy among younger and older patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS).

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is defined as ≥20% myeloblasts, representing a change from original guidelines where ≤30% blasts were considered as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), and 20-29% blasts classified as refractory anemia with excess blasts in transformation (RAEB-T). Whether the diagnostic bone marrow blast percentage has current value with regards to patient prognostication or identification of optimal treatment strategies is unclear. We retrospectively studied 1652 treatment-naive adults with MDS or AML and ≥10% blasts from January 2000 to April 2014. Patients with 20-29% blasts were more similar to MDS patients in terms of advanced age, increased frequency of poor-risk cytogenetics, lower WBC count, and less frequent NPM1 and FLT3-ITD mutations. Median overall survival of MDS and RAEB-T were similar, 16.0 and 16.0 months, compared to 13.5 months for AML with ≥30% blasts (P = 0.045). Multivariate analysis showed inferior survival with increased age (HR 1.81 age 60-69, HR 2.68 age ≥70, P < 0.0005); poor-risk cytogenetics (HR 2.25, P < 0.0005); therapy-related disease (HR 1.44, P < 0.0005); and markers of proliferative disease including WBC ≥25 × 10(9) /L (HR 1.35, P = 0.0003), elevated LDH count (HR 1.24, P = 0.0015), and peripheral blasts (HR 1.25, P = 0.004). Among younger patients (≤60 years), intensive AML-type therapy resulted in similar outcomes regardless of blast percentage, suggesting this to be optimal therapy in this context. Among older patients (≥70 years), patients with 20-29% blasts had similar outcomes to patients with <20% blasts, and better than those with ≥30% blasts. In addition, among older patients, epigenetic therapy provided at least equivalent outcome to intensive chemotherapy.
Making Strategic Decisions: Conducting and Using Research on the Impact of Sequenced Library Instruction

This study explores the relationship between course grades and sequenced library instruction interventions throughout psychology students’ curriculum. Researchers conducted this study to inform decisions about sustaining and improving program integrations for first- and second-year composition courses and to improve discipline-level integrations. Researchers began with transcript analysis but soon incorporated student surveys and a faculty focus group to supplement the data and influence future directions. Findings confirmed that students benefit from meaningful collaborations with the library at strategic, sequenced points in their curriculum, including at the discipline level. This research also provided concrete information that brought about change at the classroom and programmatic level.
Structrual Characterization and Raman Scattering of Epitaxial Aluminum Nitride Thin Films on Si(111)

Thin films of aluminum nitride were grown epitaxially on Si(111) by ultra-high-vacuum dc magnetron reactive sputter deposition. Epitaxy was achieved at substrate temperatures of 600°C or above. We report results of film characterization by x-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and Raman scattering.
Attendants at Tree Swallow Nests. II. The Exploratory-Dispersal Hypothesis

Attendants (i.e., conspecific individuals exclusive of the breeding pair) are common visitors at active Tree Swallow (Tachycineta bicolor) nests during the nestling period. An examination of the chronology of attendant behavior revealed that attendants (i) visited several boxes, (ii) were especially attracted to preferred breeding locations, (iii) significantly increased in number as the breeding season progressed, (iv) were mostly young of the year by the end of the breeding season, and (v) chased nestlings as they fledged. Members of large, premigratory flocks of Tree Swallows examined nest boxes during late August. Attendants were not helpers at the nest and had no demonstrable effect on parental reproductive success (Lombardo 1986a). Tree Swallows, because they are nonexcavating cavity nesters, face intense competition for a limited number of suitable nest sites. Sexually mature attendants at nests during the egg laying, incubation, and early nestling periods may be searching for exploitable breeding opportunities (e.g., see Leffelaar and Robertson 1985, Stutchbury and Robertson 1985). I hypothesize that hatching-year attendants, common during the late nestling period, are individuals in search of potential future nest sites. I call this the "exploratory-dispersal" hypothesis. Exploratory dispersal should be of special selective advantage to migratory, nonexcavating cavity nesters.
Current Status of Use of Erythropoietic Agents in Cancer Patients

Anemia is frequently observed in cancer patients and can cause symptoms and result in red cell transfusions. The erythropoiesis stimulating agents (ESAs) have been shown to increase hemoglobin levels and reduce transfusion requirements in anemic subjects with cancer who are receiving chemotherapy. Initially, these benefits motivated broad use of the ESAs in oncology. Over the past 10 years, recognition of the adverse events that can be associated with ESA use in these patients, particularly venous thrombosis, has resulted in a rethinking of the issue of who are the correct candidates for treatment. Different health care systems have come to different conclusions based upon the available data and additional data are still being generated. This article will review the data concerning the safety of ESAs in cancer patients, including the results of additional trials published in the past 2 years. This will include a discussion of the potential of ESAs to impact tumor progression or survival. Thrombosis remains the most important and best documented adverse event associated with ESA therapy in oncology. The mechanism(s) through which ESAs alter thrombosis risk are still very poorly understood.
Hydrological constraints on Tricolored Heron and Snowy Egret resource use

We investigated resource use by breeding Tricolored Herons (Egretta tricolor) and Snowy Egrets (E. thula) at a regional scale (1,312 km 2 ) during three years (1987-1989) with dissimilar water levels. We documented the direction and distance flown from the colony to feeding sites, habitat selection, daily movement patterns, feeding flock size, and diet at the Rodgers River Bay colony in Everglades National Park, Florida. The general pattern of flight direction was similar between the two species; both species flew northwest in 1987, a wet year, and northeast in 1988, a year with moderate surface water drying. During drought conditions in 1989, only Tricolored Herons nested successfully. Despite similarities in flight direction, habitat selection differed between the two species. Tricolored Herons were more consistent in habitat use among years, whereas Snowy Egret habitat selection was more variable. However, shifts in habitat selection in response to varying hydrologic conditions among years were greater than differences in habitat selection between the two species within a year. Prey selection was similar for the two species in 1987, indicating that they procured similar prey from different habitat types. Regardless of water conditions, Snowy Egrets were significantly more gregarious than Tricolored Herons, and feeding sites on consecutive days by radio-tagged Snowy Egrets were farther apart than those used by Tricolored Herons. Our results suggest that habitat selection occurs at a coarser scale than previously recognized and that studies conducted at single sites over short temporal scales may be ignoring important aspects of habitat selection.
High Temperature Sealings for Exhaust Systems to Achieve Global Environmental Initiatives

Federal-Mogul has developed a special portfolio of High Temperature Alloy (HTA) gaskets, and a corres ponding High Temperature Coating (HTC). In the most basic sense, the HTA and HTC innovations work by providing material stability at extreme operating temperatures. They enable manufacturers of exhaust gas systems to meet the challenges for sealing performance up to 1000 °C with a highly durable product.
Improved Thermal Emitters for Thermophotovoltaic Energy Conversion

Thermophotovoltaic (TPV) energy conversion enables millimeter scale power generation required for portable microelectronics, robotics, etc. In a TPV system, a heat source heats a selective emitter to incandescence, the radiation from which is incident on a low bandgap TPV cell. The selective emitter tailors the photonic density of states to produce spectrally confined selective emission of light matching the bandgap of the photovoltaic cell, enabling high heat-to-electricity conversion efficiency. The selective emitter requires: thermal stability at high-temperatures for long operational lifetimes, simple and relatively low-cost fabrication, as well as spectrally selective emission over a large uniform area. Generally, the selective emission can either originate from the natural material properties, such as in ytterbia or erbia emitters, or can be engineered through microstructuring. Our approach, the 2D photonic crystal fabricated in refractory metals, offers high spectral selectivity and high-temperature stability while being fabricated by standard semiconductor processes. In this work, we present a brief comparison of TPV system efficiencies using these different emitter technologies. We then focus on the design, fabrication, and characterization of our current 2D photonic crystal, which is a square lattice of cylindrical holes fabricated in a refractory metal substrate. The spectral performance and thermal stability of the fabricated photonic crystal thermal emitters are demonstrated and the efficiency gain of our model TPV system is characterized.Copyright © 2016 by ASME
The feature analysis of hand -foot -mouth disease of Zhaotong City in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2011

Objective To provide the basis for prevention and control of diseases by understanding the epidemic features of hand-foot-mouth disease (HFMD) in Zhaotong City from 2008 to 2011. Methods HFMD who had been reported and confirmed was analyzed retrospectively by using descriptive epidemiological study methods, and the related statistical data was analyzed by using Excel. Results There were 1 203 cases of HFMD reported in Zhaotong city from 2008 to 2011, 1 case was dead, the average annual incidence was 6.02/10 million, the mortality was 0.05/10 million and the mortality rate was 0.08%. Conclusion The HFMD in Zhaotong city is sporadic, the mortality in April to June is high, the center city incidence is slightly higher than that of the surrounding urban, children under the age of 5 years old are in high-risk and the incidence of male is higher than female.
Exploitable molecular mechanisms in hibernation--I. Liver diphosphofructose phosphatase of the rat and hamster: a comparison.

Abstract 1. 1. Diphosphofructose phosphatase has been purified to homogeneity from livers of the albino rat and the golden Syrian hamster 2. 2. The mol. w1 of the subunit was found to be 45,000 ± 9%. 3. 3. The rat phosphatase differs from the hamster in its solubility in (NH4)2SO4, affinity to cellulose phosphate, Rm in polyacrylamide gel eletrophoresis, isocelectric point. antigenicity, response to K+, and amino acid composition
A More Efficient Alternative to Fines inDeterring Corporate Misconduct

¶1 Sanctions that focus on fines or imprisonment as efficient deterrence measures for corporate misconduct generally neglect the more efficient policy of sanctioning through stigma. Unlike sanctions that fine or imprison corporate offenders, a policy that formally imposes stigma upon corporate processes and products adequately accounts for the true social costs of inefficiency that result when a pricing system of fines accommodates corporate “pay to pollute” behavior. “Pay to pollute” describes a corporate response to fines and damage awards that treats them as predictable business expenses that can be weighed against the cost of changing a product or process to make it safer. Recent proposals to revise the Sentencing Reform Act, scholarship by
Automating System Design with Conceptual Models

This chapter describes an approach to automating the design of digital systems from requirements using conceptual models. The ASPIN system is being developed at Virginia Tech to support the automatic generation of virtual prototypes in VHDL from natural language and graphic requirements. This process employs a single design representation, called conceptual graphs, to express requirements, design knowledge, specifications, component models, and design solutions. The ASPIN approach includes interactive multi-modal requirements capture, automatic translation to conceptual graphs, elaboration of concepts with design knowledge to unify requirement graphs into a specification graph, specification analysis, binding of the specification to component models, and generation of engineering models or virtual prototypes from solution graphs. With back-annotation, editing the design automatically updates the original requirements to preserve accountability. The current status of the ASPIN system development is described.
Historical Review of the Fluid-Percussion TBI Model.

Abstract: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major health concern worldwide. Laboratory studies utilizing animal models of TBI are essential for addressing pathological mechanisms of brain injury and development of innovative treatments. Over the past 75 years, pioneering head injury researchers have devised and tested a number of fluid percussive methods to reproduce in animals the concussive clinical syndrome. The fluid percussion brain injury technique has evolved from early investigations that applied a generalized loading of the brain to more recent computer controlled systems. Of the many pre-clinical TBI models, the fluid percussion technique is one of the most extensively characterized and widely used models. Some of the most important advances involved the development of the Stalhammer device to produce concussion in cats and the later characterization of this device for application in rodents. The goal of this historical review is to provide readers with an appreciation for the time and effort expended by the pioneering researchers that have led to today’s state of the art fluid percussion animal models of TBI.
Urban Sanctuary Schools for Diverse Populations: Examining Curricular Expectations and School Effectiveness for Student Learning

ABSTRACTThis ethnographic case study problematizes the current high stakes accountability efforts that have led many school leaders to inadvertently maintain a school environment in which deficit perspectives and low academic expectations in the classroom persist. Drawing from an urban sanctuary school framework, this study works to center the voices of low-income students of color from an urban high school in California, who have historically faced school alienation and academic challenges, to describe their notions of academic expectations held by their teachers. The centrality of student voices and ethnographic descriptions of the school illuminate a moral dialogue that can assist school leaders in challenging ineffective school structures. These efforts must place deficit thinking and low classroom expectations into question as our nation's biggest obstacles toward schoolwide excellence.
Integrating Alcohol and Other Drug Content in the Social Work Curriculum: Practices and Perceived Barriers

This study provides up-to-date information on the practices and barriers faced by 50 clinical faculty from 29 Council on Social Work Education-accredited master’s in social work programs across the...
Tick-Borne Infections

Tick-borne disease is rare in the neonatal population, but an index of suspicion must exist for those infants that present with these unusual illnesses, such that appropriate treatment can be initiated as soon as possible. Obtaining a thorough clinical history from the parents of a child is of vital importance when assessing for a potential infection. Questions should include any known tick exposure (although the absence of a known tick bite should not preclude treatment); contact with animals including domestic pets, similar illness in a family member, or other close contact; and length of symptoms. Babesiosis, the most common tick-borne infection among neonates, may be transmitted via transfusion of infected blood products.
Demography of disaster: Population estimates after hurricane Andrew

Hurricane Andrew blasted through the southern tip of Florida in August 1992, damaging or destroying tens of thousands of homes and forcing hundreds of thousands of persons to move at least temporarily to different places of residence. The hurricane not only disrupted the lives of many Floridians, but destroyed the statistical basis for producing local population estimates in South Florida as well. These estimates are used for many types of decision-making, from the distribution of state revenue-sharing dollars to choosing sites for fast-food restaurants. This article describes the estimation problems created by the hurricane and how those problems were resolved through the use of existing data sources and the collection of new types of data. It closes with a discussion of several conceptual, methodological and procedural issues that will have to be faced in virtually any attempt to estimate the demographic consequences of natural disasters.
Die historisch-ontologische Priorität der Technik

Die These, die ich in diesem Essay untersuchen mochte, lautet: In einem wesentlichen Sinn geht die Technik sowohl ontologisch als auch historisch der Naturwissenschaft voraus. In einer fruheren Arbeit (Technics and Praxis, 1979) habe ich die Beziehungen zwischen Wissenschaft und Technik unter dem Gesichtspunkt der instrumentelien Realisierung diskutiert: Das charakteristische Kennzeichen der modernen Naturwissenschaft ist die Ausdehnung ihres Gegenstandsbereichs und die Benutzung von Geraten. Im folgenden mochte ich die Auffassungen von Martin Heidegger und Lynn White, Jr. untersuchen. Heidegger hat die ontologische Prioritat der Technik gegenuber der Naturwissenschaft proklamiert. Lynn White, Jr. hat aufgezeigt, das der Technik auch historisch eine Prioritat gegenuber der gegenwartigen Naturwissenschaft zukommt. Die Verknupfung dieser beiden Auffassungen fuhrt zu meiner These der historischen und ontologischen Prioritat der Technik gegenuber der Naturwissenschaft.
A Mild Panic? Media Accounts of Kratom

Historically, the news media has been a primary participant in the construction of moral panics surrounding various drugs and their users. The current study utilizes the moral panic framework to de...
Rolling adhesion of leukocytes on soft substrates: Does substrate stiffness matter?

Abstract Cell rolling on vascular endothelium under hydrodynamic blood flow is critical for realization of many physiological and pathological processes, such as inflammatory response and tumor metastasis. The blood-borne cells are in direct contact with the inner layer of endothelium, formed by a highly compliant layer of endothelial cells. The effect of endothelial stiffness on the adhesion and motion of rolling cells is poorly understood. Inspired by recent in vitro studies, here we implemented a computational method to model the specific adhesion of a rolling cell onto a soft substrate, subjected to a creeping shear flow. The substrate is modeled as an elastic half-space, coated with P- and E-selectin receptors with specific affinity for the complementary ligands located on the moving cell. Of particular importance is to predict the effect of substrate stiffness on cell adhesion and its kinematics and kinetics of motion. Simulation results show that the effect of substrate compliance is minimal when coated with P-selectin. Conversely, the trajectory of rolling cells on E-selectin coated substrates is sensitive to the substrate compliance. This is attributed to the moderation of binding forces applied by the soft substrate which leads to a higher average translational velocity of cells.
A weight-adjusted discontinuous Galerkin method for wave propagation in coupled elastic-acoustic media

Abstract This paper presents a high-order discontinuous Galerkin (DG) scheme for the simulation of wave propagation through coupled elastic-acoustic media. We use a first-order stress-velocity formulation, and derive a simple upwind-like numerical flux which weakly imposes continuity of the normal velocity and traction at elastic-acoustic interfaces. When combined with easily invertible weight-adjusted mass matrices [1] , [2] , [3] , the resulting method is efficient, consistent, and energy stable on curvilinear meshes and for arbitrary heterogeneous media, including anisotropy and sub-cell (micro) heterogeneities. We numerically verify the high order accuracy and stability of the proposed method, and investigate its performance for applications in photoacoustic tomography.
Desistance and Identity: Do Reflected Appraisals as a Delinquent Impede the Crime-Reducing Effects of the Adolescent-to-Adult Transition?:

Desistance from crime can occur at any age but is most likely to occur during the adolescence-to-adult transition. The purpose of this study was to determine whether one facet of a criminal identit...
A review of topic modeling methods

Abstract Topic modeling is a popular analytical tool for evaluating data. Numerous methods of topic modeling have been developed which consider many kinds of relationships and restrictions within datasets; however, these methods are not frequently employed. Instead many researchers gravitate to Latent Dirichlet Analysis, which although flexible and adaptive, is not always suited for modeling more complex data relationships. We present different topic modeling approaches capable of dealing with correlation between topics, the changes of topics over time, as well as the ability to handle short texts such as encountered in social media or sparse text data. We also briefly review the algorithms which are used to optimize and infer parameters in topic modeling, which is essential to producing meaningful results regardless of method. We believe this review will encourage more diversity when performing topic modeling and help determine what topic modeling method best suits the user needs.
Excitatory Amino Acid Receptors

Despite limitations imposed by their ubiquitous occurrence, universal neuronal excitant properties, and involvement in metabolic functions, glutamic (Glu) and aspartic (Asp) acids now satisfy many of the basic criteria employed to assess and ascribe a transmitter role to neuroactive substances.1-4 The dicarboxylate amino acids (AAs) exhibit a heterogeneous distribution in the mam malian central nervous system (CNS), being enriched, together with their synthetic enzymes, within synaptosomal fractions. Release of endogenous and exogenous AAs from CNS preparations by depolarizing stimuli has been demonstrated. Iontophoresed Glu, Asp, and their analogs produce neuronal excitation, mimicking the responses evoked by stimulation of excitatory pathways, and their actions are terminated by specific uptake mechanisms. Furthermore, specific synaptic binding proteins and receptor-mediated ionic fluxes and cyclic nucleotide generation associated with Glu and Asp have been detected and extensively evaluated.2-4
Teaching NeuroImages: The Trigeminal Pontine Sign: Centripetal Migration of Herpes Virus to the Central Nervous System.

A 53-year-old woman with recurrent right lower lip cold sores presented with a 2-year history of hyperesthesia in the right V3 distribution. Brain MRI showed a nonenhancing band-like T2 hyperintensity from the trigeminal root entry zone to the dorsolateral pons (figure). Spinal fluid was negative for oligoclonal bands, HSV1/2 PCR, and varicella PCR/IgG. Repeat MRI after 4 months showed no new lesions. The trigeminal pontine sign reflects possible limited centripetal migration of herpes virus from the Gasserian ganglion to the intrapontine trigeminal fibers and sensory nucleus causing demyelination and cell death.1,2 It must be differentiated from other causes of demyelination like MS.
A characterization of unimodal maps with embedded adding machines

Abstract This paper investigates a constructive characterization of kneading sequences belonging to unimodal maps with embedded adding machines. It takes the concept of a { 0 , 1 } -regular scheme, which can be used to generate all kneading sequences of unimodal maps for which the turning point is regularly recurrent, and adds an extra condition that guarantees the constructed kneading sequence will additionally belong to a unimodal map with an embedded adding machine. Furthermore, every kneading sequence belonging to a unimodal map with an embedded adding machine can be constructed in this manner.
Teaching Modules for a Class in Mechatronics

In a previous paper ([3]) we described tools we are using to introduce mechatronic system design to students at the University of Cincinnati. Here we describe the current state of this project. Two main goals for this academic year are: to have students carry out a prototype process to design, fabricate, and test some simple mechatronic devices using the L-Edit tools, the MOSIS fabrication facilities, and some simple in-house post-processing; to develop VHDL-AMS models of devices from the mechanical, fluidic, and temperature domains so students can simulate mixed-domain systems.
Regulation of the inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) gene

Induced nitric oxide (NO), the end product of the enzyme inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), has been shown to be an important mediator in a number of human diseases and cancers [1–4]. L-arginine is converted to the NO and L-citrulline by the inducible isoform of nitric oxide synthase and produces high levels of NO (Fig. 1). Once produced, NO has a short half-life (t1/2 = s) and undergoes spontaneous oxidation to the inactive metabolites nitrite and nitrate (NO2 - and NO3 -). Because iNOS is involved in the pathogenesis of the inflammatory response, the characterization of the cis- and trans-activating factors which regulate lipopolysacharide-(LPS) and cytokine-induced iNOS expression have been pursued. This review will summarize and contrast the molecular regulation of the murine and human iNOS genes. The regulation of iNOS is complex and occurs at multiple sites within the signal transduction pathways that lead to iNOS gene expression and includes transcription and post-transcriptional mechanisms of modification.
Metal-oxide-semiconductor photocapacitor for sensing surface plasmon polaritons

An electronic detector of surface plasmon polaritons (SPP) is reported. SPPs optically excited on a metal surface using a prism coupler are detected by using a close-coupled metal-oxide-semiconductor capacitor. Semitransparent metal and graphene gates function similarly. We report the dependence of the photoresponse on substrate carrier type, carrier concentration, and back-contact biasing.
Planning Gain, Exactions, and Impact Fees: A Comparative Study of Planning Law in England, Wales and the United States

Land development projects often involve external costs within the host community. For example, new retail space might generate more traffic, requiring improvements to roads. A new residential development might require new roads altogether as well as enhancements to police and fire services, schools, libraries and even sewers. Historically, these external costs fell on the community. However, increasingly, in both the United States and in England and Wales private land developers, rather than public agencies, are bearing these externalities. This article explores the issues that arise when governments shift the burden of these externalities back on the developer and compares the processes by which the United States and England and Wales have attempted to accomplish this shift in externalities. U.S. jurisdictions use exactions, impact fees and linkage fees to transfer the burden of adverse development impacts to the developer. England and Wales use the concept of planning gain to extract planning conditions or planning obligations from developers before granting development rights. Because of the high level of government involvement in this process of accounting for development externalities, public and private abuse is a concern in the U.S. and in England and Wales.Part II of this Article identifies the different impacts that occur during land development, including the impacts on municipalities, their citizens, competing developers, competing communities and the environment. Part III compares how development rights are obtained in the U.S. with the approaches used in England and Wales to obtain planning permission and discusses how the respective countries compel developers to internalize the external costs of development. Part IV concludes by proposing the developers and local government use bargaining tools, such as the U.S. development agreements and the section 106 agreements in England and Wales, to distribute development burdens. Further, private and public abuses should be controlled by the market and the requirements that the government act for the benefit of the public, rather than be constrained by existing judicial, legislative and constitutional complexities.
Consistency in infants' behavioural signalling of satiation during bottle-feeding

Objectives Understanding the dynamics of feeding is essential for preventing accelerated weight gain during infancy, a risk factor for obesity. Because infants satiate on larger volumes of cow milk formula (CMF) than CMF enriched with the free amino acid glutamate (CMF+glu), we used this model system to determine whether infants displayed consistent behaviors despite satiating on lower volumes.
Surface modification to improve in vitro attachment and proliferation of human urinary tract cells.

OBJECTIVE To evaluate the attachment and proliferation of cultured human urinary tract cells to culture plates surface-modified by photochemical immobilization of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins. MATERIALS AND METHODS Human uroepithelial (UEC) and smooth muscle (SMC) cells were harvested from ureter and expanded in culture; 24-well culture plates surface-modified by photochemical covalent immobilization of ECM proteins were then seeded with UEC or SMC. To characterize cellular attachment, cells were incubated on surface-modified plates for 30 and 90 min. For proliferation assays the cells were incubated for 3–12 days. Standard tissue culture plates with no surface modification and sham-modified plates served as controls. Differential attachment and proliferation on the various surfaces were assessed using analysis of variance with Fisher's posthoc test for multiple comparisons. RESULTS Attachment at 30 and 90 min of both UEC and SMC on plates surface-modified with ECM proteins was significantly greater than in control plates. Surface-modification with collagen resulted in significantly greater cellular attachment than with either laminin or fibronectin. UEC proliferation was also significantly greater than in control plates by surface-modification with collagen and fibronectin, but not with laminin. SMC proliferation was significantly better after surface modification than on sham- modified plates, but was no better than standard plates. CONCLUSIONS Covalent photochemical immobilization of ECM proteins to potential growth surfaces enhances the attachment of cultured UEC and SMC and the proliferation of UEC. This technique might be useful in modifying surface properties of synthetic polymer-based materials in a controlled and defined manner, giving them the capacity to promote and sustain the growth of urinary tract cells. This may lead to development of alternative methods of tissue engineering in the urinary tract.
Assessing Civic Engagement at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis

Faculty and staff at Indiana University–Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) have developed several tools to assess campus civic engagement initiatives. This chapter describes the IUPUI Faculty Survey and the Civic-Minded Graduate Scale, and reports on findings from campus-based assessment and research.
Solvent venting technique for gas chromatography with microwave-induced plasma atomic emission spectroscopy

Abstract A solvent-venting interface for gas chromatography with microwave plasma emission detection was developed. Solvent venting is necessary to avoid the deleterious effects that can occur when solvent is permitted to enter the plasma. During venting, the flow of plasma supply gas through the discharge tube is reversed. The reversed gas flow directs the solvent away from the plasma to vent through resistively heated stainless steel tubing. Gas flow direction is controlled by a 6-port valve. After venting, the valve is switched to the analysis mode, and the supply gas and column effluent flow in the forward direction to the plasma for analyte determination. Vent operation does not appear to affect plasma stability. Although a change in background is observed during solvent venting, the background quickly returns to its original level when the vent is switched back to the analysis mode. The interface is a low dead volume design that allows placement of the column 2–3 mm from the plasma. Because a transfer line or other components are not required, active sites in the interface are avoided. A modified commercial instrument (Applied Chromatography Systems MPD 850) was used for this research. Performance of the modified instrument was improved relative to that of the original system. Interface design and analytical results are reported.
Two liquid adsorptive entrapment of a pluronic polymer into the surface of polyaniline films

Pluronic triblock copolymers were entrapped on the surface of polyaniline (PANI) films by first immersing the latter in N-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP) solutions of one of the Pluronics for a short time. This softened the surface of the films and allowed the Pluronic molecules to entangle with PANI segments of the swollen film on the surface. Further, the films were taken out from the NMP solution and dipped into water, which is a nonsolvent for PANI. The rapid surface deswelling of PANI by the water resulted in the entrapment of the Pluronic on its surface, with the hydrophilic blocks toward water and the hydrophobic block imbedded in the PANI films. The modified PANI obtained was examined by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, water droplets contact angles, scanning electron microscopy, and wide angle X-ray diffraction. The surface of the Pluronic entrapped PANI films became more hydrophilic than the hydrophobic PANI films and decreased the amount of bovine serum albumin protein adsorbed on them. This means that, by reducing the biofouling, the life of the modified polyaniline film can be extended when the latter is employed as a biosensor.
Experience With Rufinamide in a Pediatric Population: A Single Center's Experience

Rufinamide is a new antiepileptic drug recently approved as adjunctive treatment for generalized seizures in Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. We undertook a retrospective analysis of 77 patients with refractory epilepsy and receiving rufinamide to evaluate the drug's efficacy, tolerability, safety, and dosing schedules. It appeared efficacious in diverse epilepsy syndromes, with the highest responder rate in focal cryptogenic epilepsies (81.1% of patients with >50% response rate), and in diverse seizure types, with the highest responder rate in tonic/atonic and partial seizures (48.6% and 46.7% of patients with >50% response rate, respectively). Rufinamide was well tolerated: only 13% of patients developed side effects necessitating drug withdrawal. These findings suggest that rufinamide may possess good efficacy and tolerability, and that its efficacy may extend to epilepsy syndromes beyond Lennox-Gastaut, including both partial and generalized epilepsy syndromes.