cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ostial renal artery stent placement in patients 75 years of age or older

Abstract Renal artery stent placement has been shown to improve blood pressure (BP) and stabilize renal function in patients with atherosclerotic renovascular disease. However, limited data are available in patients ≥75 years of age. We analyzed the prestent characteristics and clinical outcomes of patients aged ≥75 years who underwent renal artery stenting at our institution. We compared these data with those from the remainder of our stent cohort. Nineteen of 89 (21.3%) stent patients were ≥75 years old. Before intervention, those ≥75 years were significantly more likely to be women (84.2% v 55%; P = .02), current or former smokers (78.6% v 36.8%; P = .002), and on a greater number of antihypertensive medications (3.68 v 2.80; P = .048). Average clinical follow-up was similar in both groups (23.9 v 23.2 months; P > .05). At last available follow-up, there were more deaths in those ≥75 years (7/19 v 5/70; P = .038). No significant difference was found in the incidence of dialysis after intervention (3/19 v 7/70). Seventy-four percent of those ≥75 years had improved BP, 21% were stable, and 5% were worse. Renal function was improved in 26%, stable in 53%, and worse in 21%. Among those ≥75 years, there was a significant decrease in systolic BP (186.9 to 144.4; P Patients ≥75 years of age with atherosclerotic renovascular disease have a higher incidence of mortality 2 years after renal artery stent placement, but they seem to derive clinical benefit comparable to younger patients.
Selection sampling from large data sets for targeted inference in mixture modeling

One of the challenges in using Markov chain Monte Carlo for model analysis in studies with very large datasets is the need to scan through the whole data at each iteration of the sampler, which can be computationally prohibitive. Several approaches have been developed to address this, typically drawing computationally manageable subsamples of the data. Here we consider the specific case where most of the data from a mixture model provides little or no information about the parameters of interest, and we aim to select subsamples such that the information extracted is most relevant. The motivating application arises in flow cytometry, where several measurements from a vast number of cells are available. Interest lies in identifying specific rare cell subtypes and characterizing them according to their corresponding markers. We present a Markov chain Monte Carlo approach where an initial subsample of the full dataset is used to guide selection sampling of a further set of observations targeted at a scientifically interesting, low probability region. We define a Sequential Monte Carlo strategy in which the targeted subsample is augmented sequentially as estimates improve, and introduce a stopping rule for determining the size of the targeted subsample. An example from flow cytometry illustrates the ability of the approach to increase the resolution of inferences for rare cell subtypes.
Total lung capacity in Andean highlanders.

Total lung capacity (TLC), residual volume (RV), and vital capacity (VC), as well as related measures of pulmonary function, were assessed in a sample of 39 male and 23 female native highlanders of Aymara ancestry (20.1-28.8 years) who were residing in La Paz, Bolivia (average altitude of about 3,600 m). After controlling for body and chest size, most measures of respiratory function were significantly larger in males than females (P < .05). Absolute TLC (1 BTPS) was significantly larger in the La Paz Aymara males than in highland Peruvian or Tibetan males (P < .05) but, after controlling for body size, TLC was only 1 and 4% larger in the La Paz Aymara than in highland Peruvians or Tibetans, respectively. Also, comparison of the body size-adjusted percentage increases in TLC, VC and RV above U.S. sea-level reference values in selected highland populations indicated that the enhanced TLCs of highlanders are primarily due to an enhancement of RV and secondarily due to an enhancement of VC. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Augmentation of the atrophic edentulous maxilla with hydroxylapatite.

Abstract A technique for augmentation of the severely atrophic edentulous maxilla is presented. This technique combines the mobilization of the available soft tissue of the labial vestibule with a subperiosteal reflection and “filleting” of the redundant crestal soft tissue to create ample space to accomodate the insertion of the desired amount of hydroxylapatite. The surgical development of a distinct labial periosteal flap by both a subperiosteal and supraperiosteal dissection allows a two-layered lapped closure of the mucosal and periosteal flaps. Fourteen patients were treated with this technique and have been observed for period of 8 to 40 months. Arch form was dramatically improved in all cases. Observation of panoramic radiographs disclosed an average initial increase in ridge height of 11.8 mm in the midline and 7.6 mm in the first premolar regions. During the first 6 months, consolidation of the ridge occurred, but the diminution in ridge height never exceeded 15%.
A Measure of Global Trust and Suspicion: Replication:

A replication of earlier results of a scale to measure trust and suspicion was conducted. With 242 adults as subjects, a confirmatory factor analysis soundly supported the two-factor solution. Sex differences appeared on Suspicion but not on Trust.
Distribution of stratospheric column ozone (SCO) determined from satellite observations: Validation of solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) measurements in support of the tropospheric ozone residual (TOR) method

[1] The global (50°N–50°S) distribution of stratospheric column ozone (SCO) is derived using solar backscattered ultraviolet (SBUV) profiles and compared with SCO amounts derived from Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment (SAGE) and ground-based measurements. An evaluation of archived SBUV (version 6) ozone profiles with ozonesonde profiles shows that the low resolution of the SBUV instrument in the troposphere and lower stratosphere leads to a low bias in the SBUV profile in the troposphere and a high bias in the lower stratosphere in regions where anthropogenic tropospheric ozone production influences the climatology. An empirical correction applied to the SBUV profile prior to separating the stratosphere from the troposphere reduces the bias in the lower stratosphere and results in a SCO distribution in good agreement with SCO derived from SAGE ozone profiles. Because the empirical correction is most pronounced at northern middle latitudes, we compare these resultant SCO values with those measured at two northern middle latitude sites (Wallops Island and Hohenpeissenberg) using concurrent measurements from Dobson spectrophotometers and ozonesondes. Our analysis shows that the empirically corrected SCO at these sites captures the seasonal cycle of SCO as well as the seasonal cycle derived from SAGE stratospheric ozone profiles. These results have important implications for the derivation of tropospheric ozone from SBUV ozone profiles in conjunction with Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer (TOMS) total ozone measurements using the tropospheric ozone residual (TOR) methodology.
Hypoxia suppresses conversion from proliferative arrest to cellular senescence

Unlike reversible quiescence, cellular senescence is characterized by a large flat cell morphology, β-gal staining and irreversible loss of regenerative (i.e., replicative) potential. Conversion from proliferative arrest to irreversible senescence, a process named geroconversion, is driven in part by growth-promoting pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR). During cell cycle arrest, mTOR converts reversible arrest into senescence. Inhibitors of mTOR can suppress geroconversion, maintaining quiescence instead. It was shown that hypoxia inhibits mTOR. Therefore, we suggest that hypoxia may suppress geroconversion. Here we tested this hypothesis. In HT-p21-9 cells, expression of inducible p21 caused cell cycle arrest without inhibiting mTOR, leading to senescence. Hypoxia did not prevent p21 induction and proliferative arrest, but instead inhibited the mTOR pathway and geroconversion. Exposure to hypoxia during p21 induction prevented senescent morphology and loss of regenerative potential, thus maintaining reversible quiescence so cells could restart proliferation after switching p21 off. Suppression of geroconversion was p53- and HIF-1–independent, as hypoxia also suppressed geroconversion in cells lacking functional p53 and HIF-1α. Also, in normal fibroblasts and retinal cells, hypoxia inhibited the mTOR pathway and suppressed senescence caused by etoposide without affecting DNA damage response, p53/p21 induction and cell cycle arrest. Also hypoxia suppressed geroconversion in cells treated with nutlin-3a, a nongenotoxic inducer of p53, in cell lines susceptible to nutlin-3a–induced senescence (MEL-10, A172, and NKE). Thus, in normal and cancer cell lines, hypoxia suppresses geroconversion caused by diverse stimuli. Physiological and clinical implications of the present findings are discussed.
Experimental Investigation of Exchange in Organic Open-Shell Molecular Building Blocks for Magnetic Materials

Abstract Intramolecular exchange interactions in bis(arylnitrene)s obey the Borden-Davidson disjointness criterion, although variations in the size of the interaction occur as functions of conformation and -X- in the structure: N-Aryl-X-Aryl-N:.
Improving forecasting for telemarketing centers by ARIMA modeling with intervention

Abstract In this study we analyze existing and improved methods for forecasting incoming calls to telemarketing centers for the purposes of planning and budgeting. We analyze the use of additive and multiplicative versions of Holt–Winters (HW) exponentially weighted moving average models and compare it to Box–Jenkins (ARIMA) modeling with intervention analysis. We determine the forecasting accuracy of HW and ARIMA models for samples of telemarketing data. Although there is much evidence in recent literature that “simple models” such as Holt–Winters perform as well as or better than more complex models, we find that ARIMA models with intervention analysis perform better for the time series studied.
The genetics of childhood psychiatric disorders: a decade of progress.

ABSTRACT Objective To review the literature over the past decade on the genetics of childhood neuropsychiatric disorders. Method A computerized search was performed for articles published in the past decade, and selected papers were highlighted. Results The past decade of research has illuminated the complex genetics of early-onset mental disorders. Advances in statistical methodologies and laboratory-based gene-hunting techniques are laying the foundation for a deeper understanding of both the biological and environmental factors that contribute to mental illness. Researchers are on the verge of identifying and characterizing genetic vulnerabilities involved in common childhood psychiatric syndromes. Conclusions Although the study of the genetics of childhood psychiatric disorders has advanced significantly over the past decade, considerable work remains. The identification of genes conferring vulnerability to psychiatric illnesses will have the potential to transform the field by providing insight into both biological and environmental determinants that contribute to serious developmental and psychiatric disorders in children and adolescents. These advances promise new understanding and new avenues for prevention and treatment. They will also present physicians and families with significant clinical and ethical challenges.
Phase equilibria and diffusion in the Be-Al-Fe

Phase boundaries enclosing the α-Be region of the Be-Al-Fe system have been investigated by a new approach which utilizes high-energy ion beams. Ion implantation of aluminum and/or iron into single-crystal beryllium was used to create a desired second phase in the first ≃0.1 μm of the sample. Under continued isothermal annealing the second phase dissolved into the underlying bulk α-Be, and this process was monitored nondestructively by ion backscattering. Analysis then gave the solid solubility and the diffusivity of the species under consideration. The solubility of iron in beryllium was measured between 773 (170 appm) and 1123 (1600 appm); above 973 the present data merge smoothly into previous results from the literature. A new upper bound was established for the solubility of aluminum below the Al-Be eutectic: ≲ 70 appm at 873 K. In the ternary regime, the solubility of iron in the presence of excess aluminum was measured for the first time; below 1123 it is ≲ 100 appm.
Development and calibration of KaRoLa, a compact, high-resolution 3D laser scanner

We present KaRoLa, a new rotating 3D laser scanner with a modular and flexible hardware design and an integrated control software stack implemented in the ROS framework. Based on our requirements - light-weight and compact hardware, high resolution and accuracy - we compare different 2D laser range finders which are commercially available. We describe the hardware design, including the mechanical and electrical components, and the included software stack in detail. Furthermore, we present a particle swarm based calibration method to compensate mounting offsets between the 2D laser scanner and the rotational axis. The calibration significantly improves the overall accuracy and lowers the requirements for the mounting precision. Field studies for evaluating KaRoLa in real-world application scenarios such as planetary exploration and search and rescue missions complete this article.
GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE AND DEHYDROGENASE ACTIVITY IN VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY.

Abstract Glucose-6-phosphate, 6-phosphogluconate, and isocitrate dehydrogenase activities were studied in B 12 deficiency in rats and chicks. It was observed that the activities of these dehydrogenases were significantly depressed in liver preparations from B 12 -deficient rats and chicks. Preincubation of the enzyme preparations from B 12 -deficient animals with cysteine or mercaptoethanol for 15 minutes at room temperature at concentrations of 3 × 10 −3 M essentially restored these SH enzymes to normal activity, while vitamin B 12 or DMBC 2 had no in vitro effect. The activity of the enzyme glutathione reductase was found to be significantly lower in liver preparations from B 12 -deficient chicks than in those from normal chicks. It is proposed that it is the decrease in glutathione reductase found in the B 12 -deficient, animal which causes the secondary deficiency symptoms, such as those seen in carbohydrate metabolism, through the effect of a decreased SH level in the body on the level of SH enzymes.
Temperature-dependent adsorption of nitrogen on porous vycor glass

Adsorption isotherms of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ have been measured in the temperature range from 77 to 120 K in samples of porous vycor glass. From the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller theory the surface layer coverages are determined. These are found to be temperature dependent. When adsorption-isotherm coverage data are expressed as a function of the adsorption potential \ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\mu}, the result is roughly temperature independent for coverages ranging from submonolayer to thin film, below capillary condensation. This characteristic curve, which represents the distribution of adsorption sites vs the adsorption potential, is compared with results from two models for the adsorbate: Dubinin's isotherm for microporous solids and its extension to rough surfaces, which places importance on the porosity of the surface, and Halsey's extension of the Frankel-Halsey-Hill isotherm, which takes into account the long-range variations of the substrate adsorption potential. The impact of this work on the interpretation of ${\mathrm{N}}_{2}$ adsorption data in terms of a surface area is discussed.
Soy-Enhanced Products can Increase Protein Intake of Long-Term Care Residents

Abstract The importance of sufficient protein intake of the elderly, especially those in long-term care facilities (LTCF), is well established. Marginal protein intake has been shown to result in loss of lean muscle mass and immune function. Soy is a complete, high quality protein, which can be added to a wide variety of products to enhance the texture and nutritional quality of foods such as meats, breads, desserts, and cereals. This study was conducted with 74 residents having a mean age of 78 years in a 460 bed LTCF. The study consisted of two, three-week cycle menus where either traditional or soy-enhanced cycle menus were served. During the soy enhanced weeks, four to six items per day from the traditional menus were replaced with similar soy-enhanced products, reaching a goal of 30 grams of soy per day. To determine amounts served, five random trays were selected and individual food items were weighed for each meal. Plate waste measurements from the 9,298 trays over the six-week study provided data on differences in acceptance of the respective cycle menus. Nutritional content of foods was calculated using the NDS system developed by the University of Minnesota. Data were subjected to an analysis of covariance to test for differences between the traditional and soy-enhanced menus regarding amount eaten, energy values, and protein values in matched meals. There was no significant difference in amount of food or energy consumed between study weeks, although the soy-enhanced products were more protein dense. The amount of protein consumed increased (p≤0.01) by 19.6% per day (13.2 grams) in the soy-enhanced compared with traditional menus. In conclusion, the energy and protein content of the foods consumed during the traditional and soy-enhanced weeks was comparable to that reported in the literature for similar populations. Soy-enhanced products incorporated into traditional LTCF menus can significantly enhance the overall protein consumption by the elderly.
Ectonucleotide diphosphohydrolase activities in hemocytes of larval Manduca sexta.

Abstract In this work, we describe the ability of living hemocytes from an insect ( Manduca sexta, Lepidoptera) to hydrolyze extracellular ATP. In these intact cells, there was a low level of ATP hydrolysis in the absence of any divalent metal (8.24 ± 0.94 nmol of P i /h × 10 6 cells). The ATP hydrolysis was stimulated by MgCl 2 and the Mg 2+ -dependent ecto-ATPase activity was 15.93 ± 1.74 nmol of P i /h × 10 6 cells. Both activities were linear with cell density and with time for at least 90 min. The addition of MgCl 2 to extracellular medium increased the ecto-ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner. At 5 mM ATP, half-maximal stimulation of ATP hydrolysis was obtained with 0.33 mM MgCl 2 . This stimulatory activity was not observed when Ca 2+ replaced Mg 2+ . The apparent K m values for ATP −4 and Mg-ATP 2− were 0.059 and 0.097 mM, respectively. The Mg 2+ -independent ATPase activity was unaffected by pH in the range between 6.6 and 7.4, in which the cells were viable. However, the Mg 2+ -dependent ATPase activity was enhanced by an increase of pH. These ecto-ATPase activities were insensitive to inhibitors of other ATPase and phosphatase activities, such as oligomycin, sodium azide, bafilomycin A 1 , ouabain, furosemide, vanadate, sodium fluoride, tartrate, and levamizole. To confirm the observed hydrolytic activities as those of an ecto-ATPase, we used an impermeant inhibitor, DIDS (4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonic acid), as well as suramin, an antagonist of P 2 -purinoreceptors and inhibitor of some ecto-ATPases. These two reagents inhibited the Mg 2+ -independent and the Mg 2+ -dependent ATPase activities to different extents. Interestingly, lipopolysaccharide, a component of cell walls of gram-negative bacteria that increase hemocyte aggregation and phagocytosis, increased the Mg 2+ -dependent ecto-ATPase activity in a dose-dependent manner but did not modify the Mg 2+ -independent ecto-ATPase activity.
Gabapentin in the treatment of mental illness: the echo chamber of the case series.

BACKGROUND Bipolar disorder is a common and debilitating psychiatric illness. Several antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) have been approved for the treatment of bipolar disorder. Gabapentin gained a large market share of AED use in the late 1990s in spite of a lack of randomized clinical trial (RCT) evidence and no labeled indication from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration for its use in psychiatric illness. This article describes the results of a literature review, the purpose of which was to examine the characteristics of studies conducted in humans concerning the efficacy of gabapentin in bipolar disorder. Methods. Publications relevant to this topic were identified based on a PUBMED search as well as an examination of references from a published systematic review and citations from relevant review articles. Results. The search located 29 studies published between 1997 and 2007, with the greatest number of articles published in 1998 and 1999. Of these 29 publications, 15 involved uncontrolled case series, while 6 were single case reports. The sample size in the studies was generally small, and often we could not identify the funding source. Despite the generally weak study design in the identified publications, the authors of the articles often commented on the promising nature of gabapentin therapy for bipolar disorder. However, 4 small, randomized trials in heterogeneous populations demonstrated little if any evidence of such efficacy. Nine letters to the editor demonstrated a similar pattern. Conclusions. The large number of case series concerning gabapentin is striking. The number of reports and their distribution in many different journals created a type of "echo chamber" effect, through which the sheer number of publications and citations may give legitimacy to the practice of using gabapentin for bipolar disorder. Although the case series were generally of poor quality, their publication in peer-reviewed journals may have been partially responsible for the widespread use of an ineffective medication.
FURTHER OBSERVATIONS ON THE KINETICS OF HÆMOLYSIS, BY BRILLIANT GREEN AND SERUM

A reinvestigation of the kinetics of brilliant green-cell-plasma systems, by methods in which the times for lysis are observed over a much greater range than heretofore, leads to the following conclusions:— 1. If the quantity of sensitising agent is constant and sufficient to produce sensitisation, the subsequently added plasma (or serum) appears to behave as a simple haemolysin, for the time-dilution curves obtained are typical over the greater part of their range. 2. The way in which the quantity of lysin (plasma) required to bring about lysis varies with the amount of sensitising agent used is very similar to the way in which the quantity of complement required to produce lysis in amboceptor-cell-complement systems varies with the amount of amboceptor used. 3. The same anomaly, viz. that unexpectedly large quantities of lysin are required when very large amounts of sensitising agents are employed, is met with both in brilliant green-cell-plasma systems and in amboceptor-cell-complement systems. 4. These results lead to the tentative conclusion that the kinetics of haemolysis in brilliant green-cell-plasma systems are in general similar to those in amboceptor-cell-complement systems.
Ultrasound-guided cannulation of the internal jugular vein. A prospective, randomized study.

This study compares the ease, safety, and success rate of internal jugular vein cannulation using a standard approach based on anatomic landmarks alone with an ultrasound-guided approach
Mesoscale morphologies in polymer thin films.

In the midst of an exciting era of polymer nanoscience, where the development of materials and understanding of properties at the nanoscale remain a major R&D endeavor, there are several exciting phenomena that have been reported at the mesoscale (approximately an order of magnitude larger than the nanoscale). In this review article, we focus on mesoscale morphologies in polymer thin films from the viewpoint of origination of structure formation, structure development and the interaction forces that govern these morphologies. Mesoscale morphologies, including dendrites, holes, spherulites, fractals and honeycomb structures have been observed in thin films of homopolymer, copolymer, blends and composites. Following a largely phenomenological level of description, we review the kinetic and thermodynamic aspects of mesostructure formation outlining some of the key mechanisms at play. We also discuss various strategies to direct, limit, or inhibit the appearance of mesostructures in polymer thin films as well as an outlook toward potential areas of growth in this field of research.
Diode-pumped solid state lasers (DPSSLs) for inertial fusion energy (IFE)

The status of diode-pumped, transverse-gas-flow cooled, Yb-S-FAP slab lasers is reviewed. Recently acquired experimental performance data are combined with a cost/performance IFE driver design code to define a cost-effective development path for IFE DPSSL drivers. Specific design parameters are described for the Mercury 100J/10 Hz, 1 kW system (first in the development scenario).
Wall Drag on Free-Moving Ciliated Micro-Organisms

It is generally assumed that wall drag on free-moving, self-propelled or passively moving micro-organisms is not significant under normal observation conditions. Yet the point at which such drag becomes significant has not been determined quantitatively. By comparing the relative velocities of sinking as well as swimming ciliates in tubes of various bore widths it has been determined that wall drag on sinking cells is about 8% significant at 108-132 body radii (or minor semi-axes) from the cell surface while the corresponding range for swimming cells is less than 1-4·2 body radii. These results are compared with the mathematical approximations for Stokes radius R_8 and depth of penetration of diffusing vorticity δ which characterize steady and quasi-steady Stokes flow respectively around a solid body. It is found that the asymptotic nature of the velocity profile of steady flow is reflected in the lack of agreement between R_8 and the measured distance for 8% drag. Conversely, the sharp gradient (or propulsive envelope) of the quasi-steady velocity profile is reflected in the substantial agreement between δ and the measured distance for > 0% drag. It is suggested that the given formula for δ which includes allowance for a propagated wave is a valid measure of the thickness of the quasi-steady region and that observations on motile ciliates be restricted to organisms at least 4 cell radii from the nearest wall if measurements free of wall-drag effects are to be obtained.
Diagnosing and preventing inherited disease: The use of first polar bodies for preimplantation diagnosis of aneuploidy

A large proportion of patients undergoing in-vitro fertilization (IVF) are aged; 35 years. It has been estimated that in this age group, 50% of embryos are chromosomally abnormal, with aneuploidy being the major contributing factor. Since the origin of most aneuploidies is maternal meiosis I non-disjunction, unfertilized oocytes could be safely screened for aneuploidy by analysing their first polar bodies. To determine the feasibility of first polar body aneuploidy analysis, polar bodies were analysed by fluorescence in-situ hybridization (FISH) using probes simultaneously for chromosomes X, Y, 18, 13/21 or X, Y, 18 and 16. Within 6 h of retrieval, 88% showed a normal segregation involving a single chromosome of each kind, with double-dotted hybridization signals, corresponding to dyads 1 chromosomes in metaphase I composed of two chromatids). The rest showed non-disjunction of full dyads 16%), or an unbalanced pre-division of dyads 16%), which gives a segregation of one chromatid or one dyad and a chromatid with the first polar body. But only 34% of polar bodies analysed 24 h aker retrieval or later showed a normal segregation, with most of the other polar bodies showing balanced pre-division, with two separated hybridization signals for all the chromosomes analysed. The rates of non-disjunction and unbalanced pre-division after ≥24 h in culture were similar to the rates in fresh oocytes. When both types of aneuploidy were considered together, an increase of aneuploidy with maternal age was detected, which although slight, was significant (P=0.025). Because dyads seem to undergo rapid pre-division shortly after polar body retrieval, performance of FISH aneuploidy analysis of polar bodies is therefore only recommended when conducted within 6 h of their retrieval
Scratching the surface – tobacco-induced bacterial biofilms

Individual environmental factors, such as iron, temperature and oxygen, are known to have a profound effect on bacterial phenotype. Therefore, it is surprising so little known is about the influence of chemically complex cigarette smoke on bacterial physiology. Recent evidence has demonstrated that tobacco smoke and components alter the bacterial surface and promote biofilm formation in several important human pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus mutans, Klebsiella pneumonia, Porphyromonas gingivalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The mechanisms underlying this phenomenon and the relevance to increased susceptibility to infectious disease in smokers and to treatment are reviewed.
An efficient graph-based symbol recognizer

We describe a trainable symbol recognizer for pen-based user interfaces. Symbols are represented internally as attributed relational graphs that describe both the geometry and topology of the symbols. Symbol recognition reduces to the task of finding the definition symbol whose attributed relational graph best matches that of the unknown symbol. One challenge addressed in the current work is how to perform this graph matching in an effi- cient fashion so as to achieve interactive performance. We present four approximate graph matching techniques: Stochastic Matching, which is based on stochastic search; Error-driven Matching, which uses local matching errors to drive the solution to an optimal match; Greedy Matching, which uses greedy search; and Sort Matching, which relies on geometric information to accelerate the matching. Finally, we present promising results of initial user studies, and discuss the tradeoffs between the various matching techniques.
Predictors of complementary and alternative medicine use among older Mexican Americans.

Summary To determine predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use, we used a cohort of 1445 non-institutionalized Mexican Americans aged 65 and older from the first wave (1993–1994) of the Hispanic Established Population for the Epidemiologic Study of the Elderly, followed until 2000–2001. The main outcome was use of any CAM (herbal medicine, chiropractic, acupuncture, massage therapy, relaxation techniques or spiritual healing) in the past 12 months and was assessed at 7 years of follow-up. Potential predictors of CAM use at baseline included sociodemographics, acculturation factors, and medical conditions. The overall rate of CAM use among older Mexican Americans was 31.6%. Independent predictors of higher CAM use were female gender, being on Medicaid, frequent church attendance and higher number of medical conditions. In contrast, subjects who were born in US and spoke either Spanish or English at interview had lower CAM use compared with subjects who were born in Mexico.
A pattern based approach to aspect-orientation for state based systems

This paper demonstrates the benefits of using Aspect-Orientation in state based systems using patterns instead of Aspect-Oriented Programming languages, frameworks, or tools. State based subsystems implemented with the State Pattern interact by binding events from state machines. Binding occurs using the well known Mediator and Abstract Factory Patterns.
Pharmacological Classification of the Abuse-Related Discriminative Stimulus Effects of Trichloroethylene Vapor

Inhalants are distinguished as a class primarily based upon a shared route of administration. Grouping inhalants according to their abuse-related in vivo pharmacological effects using the drug discrimination procedure has the potential to provide a more relevant classification scheme to the research and treatment community. Mice were trained to differentiate the introceptive effects of the trichloroethylene vapor from air using an operant procedure. Trichloroethylene is a chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent once used as an anesthetic as well as in glues and other consumer products. It is now primarily employed as a metal degreaser. We found that the stimulus effects of trichloroethylene were similar to those of other chlorinated hydrocarbon vapors, the aromatic hydrocarbon toluene and the vapor anesthetics methoxyflurane and isoflurane. The stimulus effects of trichloroethylene overlapped with those of the barbiturate methohexital, to a lesser extent the benzodiazepine midazolam and to ethanol. NMDA antagonists, the kappa opioid agonist U50,488 and the mixed 5-HT agonist mCPP largely failed to substitute for trichloroethylene. These data suggest that stimulus effects of chlorinated hydrocarbon vapors are mediated at least partially by GABAA receptor positive modulatory effects.
Using “New” Media to Get “Old” Media Coverage How Members of Congress Utilize Their Web Sites to Court Journalists

The Internet is often viewed as a replacement for “old” modes of communication, a tool used by news seekers, including public officials, to bypass traditional news media. However, the authors show ...
The convergence of structured custom and ASIC designs

With each new generation, chips designed with structured custom and ASIC methodologies look more alike. The paper examines the reasons behind this convergence, concludes that it will continue, and outlines the design flows that are likely to result.
Activation of erythropoietin signaling by receptor dimerization

The hormone erythropoietin (Epo) is essential for red blood cell development. Epo binds a high affinity receptor on the surface of erythroid progenitor cells, stimulating receptor dimerization and activation of the intracellular signal transduction pathways that support erythroid cell survival, proliferation and differentiation. Biochemical and structural analysis of the erythropoietin receptor (EpoR) is revealing the molecular mechanisms of EpoR function, leading the way to the development of small molecule Epo mimetics. This review focuses on the role EpoR dimerization plays in receptor function.
Diverse functional evolution of serine decarboxylases: identification of two novel acetaldehyde synthases that uses hydrophobic amino acids as substrates

Type II pyridoxal 5′-phosphate decarboxylases are an important group of phylogenetically diverse enzymes involved in amino acid metabolism. Within plants, this group of enzymes is represented by aromatic amino acid decarboxylases, glutamate decarboxylases and serine decarboxylases. Additional evolutionary divergence of plant aromatic amino acid decarboxylases has resulted in further subcategories with distinct substrate specificities and enzymatic activities. Despite shared homology, no such evolutionary divergence has been characterized within glutamate decarboxylases or serine decarboxylases (SDC). Comparative analysis of two previously characterized serine decarboxylase-like (SDC-like) enzymes demonstrates distinct substrate specificities despite their highly conserved primary sequence. The alternate substrate preference of these homologous SDC-like proteins indicated that functional divergence might have occurred with in SDC-like proteins. In an effort to identify additional SDC-like functional divergence, two uncharacterized SDC-like enzymes were recombinantly expressed and characterized. An extensive biochemical analysis of two serine decarboxylases-like recombinant proteins led to an interesting discovery; both proteins catalyze the formation of acetaldehyde derivatives from select hydrophobic amino acids substrates. Specifically, Medicago truncatula [GenBank: XP_003592128] and Cicer arietinum [GenBank: XP_004496485] catalyze the decarboxylation and oxidative deamination of phenylalanine, methionine, leucine and tryptophan to generate their corresponding acetaldehydes. The promiscuous aldehyde synthase activity of these proteins yields novel products of 4-(methylthio) butanal, 3-methylbutanal (isovaleraldehyde) and indole-3-acetaldehyde from methionine, leucine and tryptophan respectively. A comparative biochemical analysis of the Medicago truncatula and Cicer arietinum enzymes against two previously characterized SDC-like enzymes further emphasizes the unusual substrate specificity and activity of these novel aldehyde synthases. Due to the strong substrate preference towards phenylalanine, it is likely that both enzymes function as phenylacetaldehyde synthesis in vivo. However, due to their significant sequence divergence and unusual substrate promiscuity these enzymes are functionally and evolutionary divergent from canonical phenylacetaldehyde synthesis enzymes. This work further elaborates on the functional complexity of plant type II PLP decarboxylases and their roles in secondary metabolite biosynthesis.
Sex Composition Disrupts the Accuracy of Women’s Metaperceptions of Partners:

The effects of sex composition of dyads and surrounding others in groups on the accuracy in women’s expected evaluations (metaperceptions) were investigated using the Group Actor-Partner Interdependence Model (GAPIM). The dataset comprised 26 groups of four to six previously unacquainted participants who completed an unstructured social interaction followed by round-robin evaluations and metaperceptions on evaluative adjectives. Women expected less positive evaluations from opposite-sex partners, and this did not vary by the sex composition of surrounding others. However, women were less accurate in predictions of how they were evaluated by male partners (compared with female partners) if women were the majority in the surrounding group. Also, women formed less accurate metaperceptions of female partners when women were the minority, rather than the majority in the surrounding context. Implications for theory development in intergroup relations and contributions of the GAPIM to diversity research are disc...
Receptive to bad reception: Jerky motion can make persuasive messages more effective

When used deliberately in television and film, jerky motion captures attention. However, it can be distracting in the movements of characters in digital video. To what extent does this kind of jerkiness influence message processing? Based on a limited-capacity model of message processing, jerky character motion was predicted to increase compliance to a persuasive message. The present experiment manipulated the jerkiness of an actor's movements in a computer-delivered video to examine its effect on responses to a hypothetical medical scenario. Jerkiness, whether subtle or obvious, increased self-reported compliance. It also decreased heart rate variability, indicating attentional mediation. Though counterintuitive, these findings indicate that jerky character motion can make computer-mediated messages more persuasive.
Predictive chromatin signatures in the mammalian genome

The DNA sequence of an organism is a blueprint of life: it harbors not only the information about proteins and other molecules produced in each cell, but also instructions on when and where such molecules are made. Chromatin, the structure of histone and DNA that has co-evolved with eukaryotic genome, also contains information that indicates the function and activity of the underlying DNA sequences. Such information exists in the form of covalent modifications to the histone proteins that comprise the nucleosome. Thanks to the development of high throughput technologies such as DNA microarrays and next generation DNA sequencing, we have begun to associate the various combinations of chromatin modification patterns with functional sequences in the human genome. Here, we review the rapid progress from descriptive observations of histone modification profiles to highly predictive models enabling use of chromatin signatures to enumerate novel functional sequences in mammalian genomes that have escaped previous detection.
Broadband line of sight wireless WAN using multibeam phased arrays and high capacity trunk radios

This paper presents an advanced capability technology demonstration (ACTD) proposed by Harris Corporation for the DoD ELB Program Office which will provide a high capacity (T3) wireless WAN. The ACTD will develop a virtual information network which will make the BG/ARG appear as a single ship to the embarked staff and provide HDR connectivity between afloat and ashore command centers.
Novel therapy of focal glomerulosclerosis with mycophenolate and angiotensin blockade.

Steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome of childhood poses a dilemma in attempting to balance toxicity of medications against long-term prognosis. This report presents our preliminary experience with the novel use of combined mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) and angiotensin blockade (AB) in the treatment of nine children and young adults with focal glomerulosclerosis (FSGS). All patients were steroid resistant and had failed conventional treatment regimens. Prior to the initiation of the MMF-AB protocol, the patients were pre-treated with weekly intravenous methylprednisolone (MP) (15 mg/kg per week) for 4–8 weeks. Angiotensin-converting-enzyme inhibitors and/or angiotensin receptor blockers were begun when intravascular volume was restored. MMF was given at a dose of 250–500 mg/m2 per day. Proteinuria, as measured by urine protein/creatinine ratios (Up/c), decreased by 43% following MP (P<0.05). After 6 months of MMF-AB protocol, the Up/c was 72% below baseline (P<0.01). This level was maintained for a minimum of 24 months of observation. Similarly, hyperlipidemia, as measured by total cholesterol and triglycerides, improved significantly with treatment (536±163 to 265±70 mg/dl, 447±168 to 230±92 mg/dl, respectively, P<0.01). Our data support the use of MMF and AB for treatment of steroid-resistant FSGS when other conventional treatments have failed and/or induced toxicity.
Geochemical prospecting for porphyry copper-type mineralization — A review

Abstract During the past 25 years, geochemical prospecting techniques have been applied in the search for porphyry copper-type mineralization in many parts of the world. This review lists several important porphyry copper deposits which were discovered, or their potential indicated, by the application of geochemical exploration methods. In addition, a discussion is presented of selected case histories and research illustrating the effectiveness of the use of stream sediments, soils, water, rock, vegetation and other sample media for porphyry copper exploration in a wide variety of environments. Continuing studies with SO 2 , the halogens, rhenium, mercury, precious metals, the composition of fluid inclusions and the major elements associated with alteration are expected to lead to the identification of additional new techniques which will be of value in future exploration. Gamma-ray spectrometry and infrared spectroradiometry show considerable promise for airborne or satellite survey. Other remote sensing and atmogeochemical techniques which may be applicable to the reconnaissance for porphyry copper-type mineralization are being studied or are in the development stage. Experience to date clearly indicates that geochemical methods have application at all stages in the exploration for and development of porphyry copper-type deposits. Anticipated future developments are expected to increase and improve this application.
Wireless chip-to-chip communication in three-dimensional integrated circuits using microbump antennas

Three-dimensional integrated circuits (3-D ICs) present the possibility of high performance computing networks. Complicated wired data communication between 3-D ICs in such networks limits the overall computing performance. Wireless data communication between 3-D ICs can be used to alleviate the latency, flexibility, and expandability issues faced by wired communication. We present a hybrid 3-D IC structure that uses both wireless and wired communications. The wireless communication uses a novel meandering microbump antenna. Simulations show that the proposed antenna has a wide bandwidth (28.3 GHz), allowing high wireless data capacity in several tens of Gbps. The compact size of the antenna and the high wireless data capacity demonstrate the feasibility of a hybrid wired/wireless 3-D IC structure.
From Passivity to Tolerance: A Conceptualization of Skill, Tolerance and Empathy.

The concept of intentional action is used as a framework to clarify basic features of empathic action and insight. Competence, skill or know-how are described as essential features of effective action required if insight is to be effective.
Osler: The saint of Baltimore

He "may have been the greatest clinical teacher of any day, and any country," says the author, in this review of a new biography.
Abstract 19366: First-in-Human Dual Manganese- and Gadolinium-Enhanced Cardiac MRI Delineates the Peri-Infarct Region in Patients with Severe Ischemic Cardiomyopathy

Background: Delayed Gadolinium (Gd) Enhancement MRI (DEMRI) overestimates infarct size. Manganese enters only live, active cells, and its T1 signal is specific to live cardiomyocytes . We combined DEMRI and Manganese-enhanced MRI (MEMRI) in humans with ischemic cardiomyopathy to test if MEMRI provides unique infarct characterization. Methods: 5 patients with ejection fraction (EF) 3 standard deviations (SDs) above mean (DEMRI) and >2 SDs below mean (MEMRI signal defect = scar). % Infarct to total LV mass was calculated. Results: LV EF=32±4% (mean±SD). DEMRI volumes (39±11%* of LV) were significantly (*p Conclusion: The DEMRI-MEMRI infarct size discrepancy may delineate a peri-infarct region, or “at-risk myocardium” that DEMRI does not detect.
The effects of atmospheric turbulence on aircraft wake vortices near the ground

A second-order-closure turbulence model has been used to study the effects of atmospheric turbulence on the behavior of aircraft wake vortices near the ground. The numerical simulations have been compared with flight measurement data and good agreement has been obtained. The results show that atmospheric turbulence levels have more significant influence on vortex decay histories than on its transport behavior. Although simple turbulence models are more practical for vortex hazard forecasts in terms of computational overhead, second-order closure models are shown to be the minimum level turbulence model to simulate properly the flow physics such as centrifugal effects near vortex cores and the phase shift between the shear strain and the turbulent shear stress.
Comparison of Media for Recovery of Clinical Isolates of Legionella pneumophila

Seven media were prepared in house or purchased commercially and were compared for their ability to recover Legionella pneumophila from clinical specimens. Media containing alpha-ketoglutarate from either source detected colonies earlier, more often, and in greater quantities than media without alpha-ketoglutarate. Media without charcoal performed poorly.
Genetic and Biochemical Evaluation of Natural Rubber from Eastern Washington Prickly Lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.)

Alternative sources of natural rubber are of importance due to economic, biological, and political threats that could diminish supplies of this resource. Prickly lettuce (Lactuca serriola L.) synthesizes long-chain natural rubber and was studied to determine underlying genetic and phenotypic characteristics of rubber biosynthesis. Genotypic and phenotypic analysis of an F2 segregating population using EST-SSR markers led to the discovery of genetic regions linked to natural rubber production. Interval mapping (IM) and multiple QTL mapping (MQM) identified several QTL in the mapping population that had significance based on LOD score thresholds. The discovered QTL and the corresponding local markers are genetic resources for understanding rubber biosynthesis in prickly lettuce and could be used in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding. Prickly lettuce is an excellent candidate for elucidating the rubber synthesis mechanism and has potential as a crop plant for rubber production.