cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute and chronic renal failure.

Renal failure is defined as a deterioration of kidney function that results in the retention of nitrogenous waste products. It is increasingly prevalent in older populations, individuals with diabetes or hypertension, and postoperative patients. Therefore, podiatric physicians caring for these populations can expect to encounter this condition frequently. This article describes the epidemiology, causes, complications, and appropriate evaluation of renal failure relevant to a practicing podiatric physician. Also highlighted are treatment considerations, renal dosing of medications, and prevention of contrast nephropathy. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 94(2): 168-176, 2004)
Compacting test vector sets via strategic use of implications

As the complexity of integrated circuits has increased, so has the need for improving testing efficiency. Unfortunately, the types of defects are also becoming more complex, which in turn makes simple approaches for testing inadequate. Using n-detect testing can improve detect coverage; however, this approach can greatly increase the test set size. In this proof-of-concept paper we investigate the use of logic implication checkers, inserted in hardware, as an aid in compacting n-detect test sets. We show that checker hardware with minimal area overhead can reduce test set size by up to 25%. In addition, this implication checker can serve a dual purpose for online error detection.
Taxonomy of interpretation trees

This paper explores alternative models of the interpretation tree (IT), whose search is one of the dominant paradigms for object recognition. Recurrence relations for the unpruned size of eight different types of search tree are introduced. Since exhaustive search of the IT in most recognition systems is impractical, pruning of various types is employed. It is therefore useful to see how much of the IT will be explored in a typical recognition problem. Probabilistic models of the search process have been proposed in the literature and used as a basis for theoretical bounds on search tree size, but experiments on a large number of images suggest that for 3-D object recognition from range data, the error probabilities (assumed to be constant) display significant variation. Hence, the theoretical bounds on the interpretation tree's size can serve only as rough estimates of the computational burden incurred during object recognition.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Spatial distribution of nitrogen on grazed karst landscapes.

The impact on water quality by agricultural activity in karst terrain is an important consideration for resource management within the Appalachian region. Karst areas comprise about 18% of the region’s land area. An estimated one-third of the region’s farms, cattle, and agricultural market value are located on karst terrain. Mean nitrate concentrations in several karst springs in southeastern West Virginia exhibit a strong linear relationship with the percentage of agriculture land cover. Development of best management practices for efficient nitrogen (N) use and reduction of outflow of N to water from karst areas requires knowledge about N dynamics on those landscapes. Water extractable NO3-N and NH4-N were measured along transects at four soil depths in two grazed sinkholes and one wooded sinkhole. Distribution of soil NO3-N and NH4-N were related to frequency of animal presence and to topographic and hydrologic redistribution of soil and fecal matter in the grazed sinkholes. Karst pastures are characterized by under drainage and funneling of water and contaminants to the shallow aquifer. Control of NO3-N leaching from karst pasture may depend on management strategies that change livestock grazing behavior in sinkholes and reduce the opportunity for water and contaminants to quickly reach sinkhole drains.
Louis the Pious and the contours of empire

When the southern Iberian city of Merida revolted against Umayyad control, the Carolingian emperor Louis the Pious (814–40) sought to gain recognition there of his own political authority, probably in early 830. Motivated by a desire to project Frankish power after Umayyad intervention in Catalonia, the move was also in keeping with larger patterns of Carolingian expansion in the Iberian frontier zone. The incident is further revealing of Louis the Pious's wider imperial ambitions in the 820s, which early medieval conceptions of space allowed to be expressed over surprisingly long distances, well beyond the frontiers of the Frankish kingdoms.
Sewage and the City: Filth, Smell, and Representations of Urban Life in Moscow, 1770–1880

A ilnyone curious about the aroma of Moscow in the past will notice a peculiar pattern. In the 1770s, the city reportedly smelled awful. By the 1870s, it reeked once again. But during the intervening decades, the stench mysteriously vanished from the primary sources? indeed, we are told, the air in Moscow was positively "balsamic."1 Such accounts reveal little about Moscow's air itself but a great deal about those sniffing it. In an influential study, the historian Alain Corbin argues that affluent Frenchmen in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries regarded Paris's rising tide of sewage as a portent of the urban social order's own degeneration. Consequently, their attention to sewage? the miasmas that pre-Pasteurian epidemiology believed it emitted, its presence among different social strata, and the means for its elimination?intensified continually, in proportion to their own fear of the literally unwashed masses.2 Suitably modified, Corbin's insight can help us understand olfactory sensibilities in Moscow as well, although the picture that emerges is different from what he found for Paris. In Moscow, I will argue, filth raised fears at the dawn of Catherine II's reign, not as a telltale symptom of urban degeneration, but as an atavistic feature of an archaic populace whom the state hoped both to repress and uplift. Subsequently, as educated society gained confidence in the efficacy of its formula for social stability?an "enlightened" upper class, serfdom, and police regulation?fetid odors still offended sensitive noses but no longer haunted the social imaginary. However, when this confidence was shaken in the era of the Crimean War, the attention to odors returned with a vengeance.
Environmental characteristics of black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) nesting sites in two South Dakota waters

— A biotelemetry study was undertaken during spring 1995 to identify black crappie (Pomoxis nigromaculatus) nesting sites in two South Dakota water bodies. Individually coded ultrasonic transmitters were implanted into the body cavity of 15 adult male black crappie in each water body prior to spawning. Available habitat characteristics were recorded at 75 randomly selected sites within each water body, and habitat characteristics at nesting sites were recorded for each male black crappie believed to be nesting. Of the habitat characteristics analyzed, only substrate firmness did not differ (P=0.79) between water bodies. In Richmond Lake, black crappie selected nesting sites with live cattails (Typha spp.) that were protected from prevailing south winds. In Brant Lake, black crappie selected nest sites with vegetation (usually woody debris) and silty substrate that had warmer water and were protected from wind and waves. It appeared that black crappie nested in the most protected areas available.
Frequency band selection techniques for multi-mode receiver application

This paper describes a frequency-band selection technique and its application to multi-mode wireless transceiver applications. The technique utilizes voltage-controlled variable inductors and resistors for, respectively, changing input/output impedance and load of the transceiver's key-circuits in accordance with each mode's frequency band. Results for several 0.18 /spl mu/m-BiCMOS building block circuits including RF amplifiers and up/down mixers show feasibility of the approach for multi-mode transceiver systems.
Arterial baroreflex modulation of heat-induced vasodilation in the rabbit ear

The purpose of this study was to determine whether nonthermal baroreflexes arising from cardiopulmonary and/or arterial baroreceptors modulate rabbit ear blood flow (EBF) during hyperthermia. Intact and sinoaortic-denervated (SAD) rabbits were chronically instrumented with a Doppler ultrasonic flow probe for measurement of EBF velocity (kHz). During whole body heating in conscious rabbits, EBF and ear vascular conductance (EVC) increased as core temperature increased until maximal plateau levels of EBF and EVC were reached. The maximal plateau level of EVC attained during heat stress was lower in SAD than in intact rabbits. Subsequent intrapericardial administration of procaine at maximal EBF blocked cardiac afferents but did not alter EVC in either animal group. In a second experiment, ramp decreases in mean arterial pressure were produced by vena caval occlusion at maximal EBF. In intact rabbits, EBF and EVC decreased linearly as mean arterial pressure fell, but EBF and EVC did not decrease during vena caval occlusion in SAD rabbits. Thus neither pharmacological nor mechanical unloading of cardiac baroreceptors results in reflex vasoconstriction in the heat-stressed rabbit ear. However, baroreflexes arising from arterial baroreceptors may modulate EBF in heat-stressed rabbits.
Neurodevelopment for syntactic processing distinguishes childhood stuttering recovery versus persistence

Background Characterized by the presence of involuntary speech disfluencies, developmental stuttering is a neurodevelopmental disorder of atypical speech-motor coordination. Although the etiology of stuttering is multifactorial, language development during early childhood may influence both the onset of the disorder and the likelihood of recovery. The purpose of this study was to determine whether differences in neural indices mediating language processing are associated with persistence or recovery in school-age children who stutter.
System reliability analysis considering fatal and non-fatal shocks in a fault tolerant system

Systems designed with fault-tolerance techniques are typically subject to common-cause shocks. Failure to consider common-cause shocks in the system reliability analysis leads to optimistic results, which makes the reliability analysis less effective in the system design and turning activities. In this paper, we consider two types of common-cause shocks: fatal and non-fatal in the reliability evaluation of fault-tolerant systems. A fatal shock will fail all components of a system, while a non-fatal shock causes the affected components to fail with different probabilities. Hierarchical combinatorial approaches and a Markov approach have been proposed for incorporating common-cause shocks in the reliability analysis of static and dynamic systems, respectively. The basics of the proposed approaches and effects of common-cause shocks on the system reliability are illustrated through examples.
Interaction of Glomus species and Vigna unguiculata in an oxisol subjected to simulated erosion.

SUMMARY An experiment was conducted in the greenhouse to determine the effectiveness of three species of vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal fungi in an oxisol subjected to simulated erosion using cowpea [Vigtta unguiculata (L.) Walp, cv.‘California Black Eye’] as an indicator host. Inoculation of the eroded soil resulted in increased VA mycorrhizal colonization of roots without enhancing shoot P concentration and dry matter yields. Inoculation of the uneroded soil, however, led to significant improvement in infection level as well as in symbiotic effectiveness. Based on the results of this study, it appears that the lack of expression of mycorrhizal effectivness in the eroded soil is a result of nutrient deficiency. The results thus suggest the importance of restoring lost nutrients before the benefits of VA mycorrhizal inoculation could be effectively exploited for a successful establishment of a mycorrhizal cowpea in eroded soils.
Fabry-Pérot cavity sensor-based optofluidic gas chromatography using a microfabricated passive preconcentrator/injector.

This study reports on dual on-column Fabry-Perot (FP) cavity sensor-based gas chromatography (GC) of mixtures of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) utilizing an on-chip device, the so called “microfabricated passive preconcentrator/injector (μPPI)”. Comprehensive analysis of the sampling, desorption/injection, and compound separation performance of the μPPI-based optofluidic GC system is described. Here, the combined use of the μPPI and on-column FP cavity sensors in a common GC platform enabled diffusion-based passive sampling, rapid (<7 min) chromatographic separation, and optical detection for the quaternary VOC mixtures of benzene, TCE, toluene, and m-xylene at sub-ppm concentrations with a simpler fluidic setup than conventional GC systems. The FP cavity sensor arrangement provided the means to study the dynamics of the thermal desorption/injection of VOCs by the μPPI and its effect on the GC separation resolution. Our analysis of obtained chromatograms revealed a presence of the competitive adsorptions of VOC mixtures onto the adsorption sites of trapping materials in the μPPI, which decreased the effective sampling rate by ∼50% for compounds with high volatility. The validated performance of the optofluidic GC system promises future development of a field deployable GC microsystem incorporating the μPPI and the FP cavity sensors.
Justice Kennedy to the Rescue

Section 2 of the Voting Rights Act is a doctrinal mess. Through a totality of circumstances inquiry, Section 2 has evolved from its modest beginnings as a codification of the Fifteenth Amendment into a “mysterious judicial inquiry” that places the Supreme Court in the enviable position of policing the contours of the politics of race. This is a role that the Justices have played to mixed reviews. The criticisms are well known: not only does the doctrine offer little guidance to the lower courts, but it also promotes the creation of majority-minority districts, a mode of racial policymaking that is said to be inconsistent with our commitment to racial equality. These two criticisms make clear that Section 2 is vulnerable to constitutional attack.
Obtaining Overland Flow Resistance by Optimization

A mathematical model simulates and predicts overland flow hydrographs. The kinematic form of the nonlinear partial differential equations of unsteady, spatially varied, shallow-water flow are solved simultaneously by numerical integration. The mathematical model is verified by laboratory data obtained from a rainfall generator and a physical model. Parameter optimization provides a set of representative, synthetic, resistance-parameter values. The synthetic data and a dimensional analysis yield predictive resistance-parameter relationships. Power equations relate the resistance parameter to the precipitation number (precipitation rate divided by the product of unit discharge and downstream depth) during rainfall and to the Weber number after rainfall. Satisfactory results are obtained using a constant resistance-parameter value during rainfall and another smaller constant value during recession. This suggests that the hydrographs are fairly insensitive to changes in the precipitation number and the Weber number.
The Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis by an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay for Circulating Antigen

An inhibition enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) capable of detecting 10 ng of aspergillus carbohydrate antigen/ml of serum was developed. When retrospectively applied to the sera of 19 patients with invasive aspergillosis, the ELISA detected antigen in 11 patients. None of 14 healthy controls or 28 patients with a variety of other infections were positive for circulating antigen. A rabbit model of invasive aspergillosis was also developed. Daily fungal cultures of blood were negative in the rabbits, as in human disease, but antigen was detected in increasing amounts up to the time of death. This ELISA is a sensitive, specific, and easily performed assay for circulating aspergillus antigen that should facilitate early diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis, heretofore, seldom made without invasive tests.
Stereotype Threat and OC Symptomatology: The Impact of Messy vs. Clean Environments on Cognitive Test Performance

Stereotype threat has been researched in a variety of contexts such as African Americans’ intellect, older adults’ memory, and women’s performance in math. Despite this extensive research, little has been done in the domain of mental illness. This study examines whether stereotype threat can be induced in people high in obsessive compulsive (OC) symptoms. We hypothesized that, when given explicit information about their OC tendencies, individuals high in OC symptoms would perform less well on cognitive tests in a messy than a clean environment compared to those low in OC symptoms. Group testing sessions included a mix of college students high (n = 25) and low (n = 22) in OC symptomatology. The classroom and testing packets were either messy or clean. At the beginning of the session, participants were given confidential, accurate information about their OC tendencies before completing tests of concentration and immediate and delayed memory. Across the four tests, the High and Low OC groups performed similarly in a non-threat inducing clean environment. However, in a threat-inducing messy environment the High OC group showed a strong tendency to perform less well than the Low OC group on a test of auditory attention. Thus, our results suggest that individuals with OCD or related symptoms may be susceptible to stereotype threat, much like other vulnerable populations. Stereotype threat was first studied and described by Steele and Aronson (1995). It involves a situation in which an individual is “at risk of confirming, as self-characteristic, a negative stereotype about one’s group.” Various groups can be prone to differing stereotypes, and stereotype threat can emerge when society holds stereotypes about the group that might transfer to the individual. Because one common stereotype held by society is that African
Post-mortem Findings in Huntington's Deep Brain Stimulation: A Moving Target Due to Atrophy

Background: Deep brain stimulation (DBS) has been shown to be effective for Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, and primary dystonia. However, mixed results have been reported in Huntington’s disease (HD). Case Report: A single case of HD DBS was identified from the University of Florida DBS Brain Tissue Network. The clinical presentation, evolution, surgical planning, DBS parameters, clinical outcomes, and brain pathological changes are summarized. Discussion: This case of HD DBS revealed that chorea may improve and be sustained. Minimal histopathological changes were noted around the DBS leads. Severe atrophy due to HD likely changed the DBS lead position relative to the internal capsule.
Neurological Assessments of Marijuana Users

This chapter summarizes the neurological approaches used to assess the potential long-term effects of drugs on the nervous system of drug abusers. These include the use of neuropsychological assessments, transcranial Doppler (TCD) sonography, and electroencephalographic (EEG) recordings. Neuropsychological procedures are used in an effort to provide an unbiased estimate of the individual's cognitive capacity, and included tests of language skills, attention, memory, and motor skills. TCD allows for the measurements of blood flow in the anterior cerebral and middle cerebral arteries, which supply blood to the cortex. An EEG recording was included in our assessment on marijuana abusers using a sound-attenuated, electronically shielded chamber. These neurological approaches have allowed the detection of various neurological and neurovascular deficits that are associated with the abuse of marijuana.
Reproductive performance of bulls divergently selected on the basis of blood serum insulin-like growth factor I concentration.

The objectives of this study were to examine differences in scrotal circumference, sperm motility, and percentage of normal sperm cells between two lines of Angus beef cattle divergently selected for blood serum IGF-I concentration. Data were obtained from an ongoing experiment involving 100 spring-calving (50 high and 50 low line) and 100 fall-calving (50 high and 50 low line) purebred Angus cows. Scrotal circumference, percentage of motile sperm cells, and percentage of normal sperm cells did not differ between high and low IGF-I line yearling bulls (P = .79, .50, and .56, respectively). The IGF-I concentrations measured at d 28, 42, and 56 of the postweaning test are abbreviated as IGF28, IGF42, and IGF56, respectively. Coefficients for the quadratic regression of scrotal circumference on IGF28 and IGF42 tended to be negative (P = .07 and .08, respectively), as did the coefficient for the quadratic regression of the percentage of motile sperm cells on IGF42 (P = .08). The coefficient for the linear regression of percentage of normal sperm cells on IGF28 was positive (P = .02). The coefficient for the quadratic regression of percentage of normal sperm cells on IGF56 was negative (P = .04). Coefficients for the quadratic regression of scrotal circumference and percentage of normal sperm cells on mean IGF-I concentrations were negative and important (P = .04 and .08, respectively). Thus, scrotal circumference and percentage of normal sperm cells are related to blood serum IGF-I concentration in yearling Angus bulls.
Oak, Fire, and Global Change in the Eastern USA: What Might the Future Hold?

The pace of environmental and socioeconomic change over the past 100 years has been rapid. Changes in fire regimes, climate, and land use have shaped the structure and function of most forest ecosystems, including oak (Quercus spp. L.) forests in the eastern United States. New stressors such as air pollution and invasive species have contributed to and interacted with climate and fire to alter current forest conditions. While changing fire regimes have altered species composition of the current forest, oak regeneration is constrained by many factors that may affect future forests. Over the remainder of the twenty-first century, an accelerating pace of climate and socioeconomic changes will influence the future range of variation in Eastern oak forests. Some of these impacts will be direct, such as changes in tree growth rates, while other impacts will be indirect, such as new disturbance regimes. While it is likely that fire will be important in shaping oak forests in the twenty-first century, it is less clear exactly what that role will be. For example, it is uncertain whether our current scientific knowledge on the use of prescribed fire in oak forests will be applicable under novel climate and changing socioeconomic conditions. We propose that the combination of climate change, wildfire, and other disturbances will create stand conditions that favor oaks with or without management. However, management intervention (e.g., prescribed fire, thinning, or a combination) could reduce wildfire hazard, particularly in the wildland-urban interface, and create more desirable stand conditions that are resilient to future stressors such as changing precipitation patterns and warmer temperatures.
Magnetoelectric device feasibility demonstration — Voltage control of exchange bias in perpendicular Cr 2 O 3 Hall bar device

Several emerging mechanisms using voltage to control the magnetism have recently been proposed because of their possible applications in energy-efficient spintronic devices [1]. Among others, one promising way to reach this goal is to use voltage to control the exchange bias of the magnetoelectric (ME) antiferromagnet Cr 2 O 3 (Fig. 1) [2]. In this work, we demonstrate the ME effect in the device level using a bilayer thin film structure Cr 2 O 3 /[Co/Pd]n.
Cervical spondylotic myelopathy: National trends in the treatment and peri-operative outcomes over 10 years

Abstract Background Recent studies show increases in cervical spine surgery prevalence and cervical spondylotic myelopathy (CSM) diagnoses in the US. However, few studies have examined outcomes for CSM surgical management, particularly on a nationwide scale. Objective Evaluate national trends from 2001 to 2010 for CSM patient surgical approach, postoperative outcomes, and hospital characteristics. Methods A retrospective nationwide database analysis provided by the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) including CSM patients aged 25+ who underwent anterior and/or posterior cervical fusion or laminoplasty from 2001 to 2010. Patients with fractures, 9+ levels fused, or any cancer were excluded. Measures included demographics, hospital data, and procedure-related complications. Yearly trends were analyzed using linear regression modeling. Results 54,348 discharge cases were identified. ACDF, posterior only, and combined anterior/posterior approach volumes significantly increased from 2001 to 2010 (98.62%, 303.07%, and 576.19%; respectively, p 0.05). Total charges for ACDF, posterior only, combined anterior/posterior, and laminoplasty approaches all significantly increased (138.72%, 176.74%, 182.48%, and 144.85%, respectively; p Conclusions For CSM patients between 2001 and 2010, combined surgical approach increased sixfold, posterior only approach increased threefold, and ACDF doubled; laminoplasties without fusion volume remained the same. Mortality decreased whereas morbidity and total charges increased. Length of stay decreased only for ACDF approach. This study provides clinically useful data to direct future research, improving patient outcomes.
Player professional development: A case study of teacher resiliency within a community of practice

Abstract This case study follows seven high school teachers over the course of a year engaging in “ Player Professional Development.” As these teachers studied game design principles for classroom instruction, this study looks at how their gameful learning intersected with administrative disruption of teacher time. Building on literature about communities of practice, teacher resiliency, and game-based learning, these findings highlight how structural barriers to teacher-led PD affect feelings of teacher burnout. Ultimately, the teachers in this study shifted from a stance of “playing” to “escaping” PD, reflecting a general attitudinal shift to structural PD challenges at their school site.
“Uncultural” Asian Americans in ABC’s Dr. Ken

ABSTRACTIn this essay, we interrogate the ways in which the uncultural masks the cultural in ABC’s Dr. Ken. We analyze Dr. Ken’s first season, through the conceptual lens of strategic whiteness, to identify and critique the ambiguous and nuanced positions of Asian Americans. By repeatedly demonstrating the simultaneous functions of Asian Americans both as almost Whites and as (nonthreatening) Others, Dr. Ken resecures invisible territories of whiteness as property. Our goal is to disrupt the uncultural assumptions about Dr. Ken as it strategically draws attention away from its reproduction of norms of whiteness at the expense of Asian Americans.
The Impact of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy on Positive Parenting Strategies Among Parents Who Have Experienced Relationship Violence

Evidence supports the use of acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) for well-being and behavior change among parents. This study examined the impact of a brief ACT intervention on positive parenting strategies, psychological flexibility, and distress among parents who have experienced relationship violence.As part of a larger study, 43 parents were recruited from a community outreach center and completed measures of parenting, ACT processes, and distress. Participants were pseudo-randomly assigned to either receive their treatment-as-usual (TAU) or ACT plus TAU. Twenty-five participants received four weekly sessions of ACT plus TAU, and 18 received TAU only. Positive parenting behaviors among parents in the ACT + TAU group improved immediately following treatment compared to the TAU group. Improvements were maintained six weeks following treatment. The hypothesis that psychological flexibility would mediate improvements was not supported.The present study provides initial, preliminary support for the secondary benefits of brief, broad ACT interventions for positive parenting behaviors among parents who have experienced relationship violence. Clinical implications for implementing ACT for parents who have experienced relationship violence and methodological limitations are discussed.
The Cotton Effects and Conformation of Proteins

Several decades ago, Staudinger(1935, 1950) suggested that all organic colloids could be classified into spherocolloids and linear colloids. This classification was also applied to proteins, and, according to their macromolecular shape or gross conformation, they were divided into globular proteins (spheroproteins) and fibrous or linear proteins [Astbury, 1935; Haurowitz, 1936; Jirgensons, 1962 (3)]. This classification was very helpful in solving many confusing problems in the colloid chemistry of proteins. In the course of time, much has been learned not only about gross conformation, but also about conformational details within the macromolecules, especially by X-ray diffraction and chiroptical methods. The available facts now make it possible to attempt a more detailed classification with respect to the secondary and tertiary structure or “short range” conformation. The purpose of this section is to propose a tentative classification of globular proteins according to their conformation.
The case for an economic sociology of law

Dans cet article, l'A fait part de ses reflexions concernant l'etablissement d'une sociologie economique du droit. L'A definit ici les sujets possibles d'attention d'une telle science, comme la propriete, l'heritage, les contrats et les institutions capitalistes, et se penche sur la fonction de regulation de l'economie et de la societe par le droit en se basant sur le travail theorique de Max Weber
Students report more positive attitudes toward older adults following an interprofessional service-learning course.

The aim of this study was to assess undergraduate students’ perceptions of older adults over the semester in an interprofessional service-learning course that implemented a health promotion program...
Thermochemistry of formation of ion exchanged zeolite RHO

Abstract Zeolites Na,Cs-RHO, Cd,Cs-RHO, and Li,NH4-RHO were synthesized in an aqueous ion-exchange media and studied by powder X-ray diffraction. Their thermochemistry was investigated by differential scanning calorimetry and high temperature oxide melt solution calorimetry. The formation enthalpy from binary oxide components of hydrated zeolite RHO varies linearly with the average ionic potential (Z/r) of the extra-framework cations and ranges from −34.46 ± 0.52 kJ/mol for Na,Cs-RHO to −16.75 ± 0.57 kJ/mol for Cd,Cs-RHO. The formation enthalpies for dehydrated zeolite RHO range from −25.49 ± 0.64 kJ/mol for Na,Cs-RHO to +4.12 ± 0.99 kJ/mol for Li,NH4-RHO. These values do not vary linearly with average ionic potential but do show a linear relationship with distortion parameter.
The Role of the ICU Social Worker in Supporting Families

Every year, an estimated five million patients receive care in an ICU. ICU care is often in response to a medical emergency or medical instability, and common ICU interventions, such as intubation and mechanical respiration, are considered highly burdensome and invasive. When a patient lacks capacity to communicate their preferences, the responsibility to make health-care decisions often falls to family members. Families may experience a constellation of symptoms, such as high-intensity emotions, interpersonal conflict, anticipatory grief, and a compromised ability to process complex information, known as family ICU syndrome (FICUS). The ICU social worker is uniquely positioned to intervene and support families during this critical period. Within the context of FICUS, this chapter will (1) provide an overview of the dynamic needs of patients and families who encounter the ICU; (2) define the role of social work in the ICU; and (3) discuss evidence-supported interventions that social workers can employ to address the needs of patients, family members, and interdisciplinary team members. Case examples are also provided to foster critical thinking about complex encounters with families in the ICU.
Pediatric nasal septal perforation.

Abstract Objective 1.) Describe demographic and clinical characteristics of pediatric nasal septal perforations (NSP), 2.) Analyze efficacy of treatment modalities in symptom management and resolution of pediatric NSP, 3.) Describe the surgical technique of external rhinoplasty with vascularized nasal septal flaps in the treatment of nasal septal perforations. Methods IRB-approved retrospective chart review of pediatric patients ages 0–18 years with nasal septal perforations treated at a tertiary care pediatric otolaryngology practice. Demographic and clinical characteristics including gender, age, race, and presenting symptoms, and location, size, and etiology of perforation were collected. Outcomes including persistence of perforation and symptoms at 1 year and most recent visit were recorded. A total of 20 patients were included. Statistical analysis used Fisher's t-test for categorical variables and Wilcoxon rank-sum for continuous variables. Results Median age was 167.5 months (1.5–221.0). The most common etiology was iatrogenic (40%), followed by button battery (20%). Thirty percent of patients underwent surgical repair. Fifty percent of patients who underwent surgical repair achieved closure of their perforation at most recent follow up. Conclusion Pediatric NSP is a challenging issue with limited literature to date. Iatrogenic causes (40%) and button batteries (20%) were the most common etiologies of nasal septal perforation in our study. We introduce an advancement in our center's surgical technique with a case illustration with repair via external rhinoplasty and bilateral vascularized nasal septal flaps. Future larger studies may further elucidate characteristics and treatment modalities associated with successful closure.
Formation of disinfection byproducts in wash water and lettuce by washing with sodium hypochlorite and peracetic acid sanitizers

Abstract Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and peracetic acid (PAA) are being used for sanitization in food processing, but their chemical behaviors regarding disinfection byproducts (DBPs) formation during washing processes are still largely unknown. This study compared these two sanitizers in simulated washing processes for fresh-cut lettuce. Different doses of sanitizers were applied, and the wash water and washed lettuce were extracted and analyzed for 45 conventional and emerging DBPs of concern. Overall, washing by PAA generated much less DBPs than washing by NaOCl in both wash water and lettuce. Interestingly, the formation potentials of different groups of DBPs varied considerably in wash water versus in washed lettuce. This study is among the first to compare the two sanitizers for that many DBPs in both produce and wash water. The comprehensive data will facilitate the development of safer produce sanitization processes, and guide further research on DBPs in food.
Overview on the role of preoperative therapy in the management of kidney cancer

The advent of molecular therapy through targeted kinase inhibitors (TKI) has revolutionized the management of renal cell carcinoma. Although surgical resection remains the cornerstone of any therapeutic plan, an increased risk of morbidity and mortality can be of concern in large and complex bulky tumors. Preoperative therapy with TKIs is hypothesized to facilitate resectability, reduce surgical morbidity and allow nephron-sparing surgery. Many concerns on the safety, efficacy and tolerability of these agents before surgery have halted the progress in this setting. In this paper, we will review the indications and safety of preoperative TKIs in RCC as well as the future approaches.
What is Normal? Neuromuscular junction reinnervation after nerve injury

Introduction In this study we present a reproducible technique to assess motor recovery after nerve injury via neuromuscular junction (NMJ) immunostaining and electrodiagnostic testing. Methods Wild-type mice underwent sciatic nerve transection with repair. Hindlimb muscles were collected for microscopy up to 30 weeks after injury. Immunostaining was used to assess axons (NF200), Schwann cells (S100), and motor endplates (α-bungarotoxin). Compound motor action potential (CMAP) amplitude was used to assess tibialis anterior (TA) function. Results One week after injury, nearly all (98.0%) endplates were denervated. At 8 weeks, endplates were either partially (28.3%) or fully (71.7%) reinnervated. At 16 weeks, NMJ reinnervation reached 87.3%. CMAP amplitude was 83% of naive mice at 16 weeks and correlated with percentage of fully reinnervated NMJs. Morphological differences were noted between injured and noninjured NMJs. Discussion We present a reproducible method for evaluating NMJ reinnervation. Electrodiagnostic data summarize NMJ recovery. Characterization of wild-type reinnervation provides important data for consideration in experimental design and interpretation.
8 months to 5 days: what happened when Pennsylvania changed the vaccination regulations for provisional enrollment?

In March 2017, the Pennsylvania Department of Health reduced the time allowed to demonstrate compliance with school-entry vaccination requirements from eight months to five days. We describe change...
3D Design and Manufacturing Analysis of Liquid Propellant Rocket Engine (LPRE) Nozzle

The innovation and development of 3D printing technology has benefitted aerospace industries in the design and fabrication of parts and model structure of aerospace products such as building rocket parts from engines to propellant tanks. The structure can be created with little or no generation of industrial waste, thereby reducing overall cost and shortening the production time. Morgan State University (MSU) has been awarded a grant from BASE 11 for building a rocketry program. The MSU students have an opportunity to participate in the design and fabrication of rockets. This project seeks to adopt the 3D printing method to design a liquid propellant rocket engine (LPRE) nozzle. A 3D model of the rocket engine nozzle was developed using a CAD software (AutoCAD and Autodesk Inventor) and a prototype was printed with LPA filaments using a 3D printer. The design geometry specifications and flow conditions were simulated to determine the performance of the LPRE nozzle. The overall design specifications and investigated Ni-based superalloys materials contained in this research findings will be utilized in the overall ongoing design of liquid propellant rocket program awarded to the MSU Rocketry Team.
The importance of energy efficient in wireless sensor networks

Mobile Node-based routing is an efficient routing technique compared to traditional approaches. Due to this FERP majorly data isolation is provided for sensor nodes, and the network is more energy efficient. The Mobile data collector collects data from only Family heads and forwards to the cluster head. The Node level energy saving scheme is proposed in this work. The performance of this routing protocol is assessed based on Energy consumption, Throughput, Lifetime, Packet Delivery Ratio, Energy efficiency. Most of the Energy is saved due to the introducing of mobile nodes for data collection. Apart from this, we are reducing the load for mobile data collectors also. In general, mobile data collectors have high energy resources. But it is not possible in all terrains. This FERP gives better results in military and plateaus, and irregular terrains where multihop communication is complex. This work is further enhanced by Trust node based routing to improve the lifetime of the network.
The Long-term Effect of a Paralympic Sports Class on Korean High School Students’ Attitudes towards Peers with Disabilities and Perceptions of Their Human Rights

Purpose: Negative attitudes towards peers with disabilities can lead to undesirable behaviour and reduced social participation of students with disabilities. The present study aimed to investigate ...
Entre el terror y la esperanza

No abstract available. ECA Estudios Centroamericanos, Vol. 69, No. 737-738, 2014: 203-217.
Functional optical coherence tomography for nonmydriatic intrinsic signal optoretinography of human photoreceptors

Physiological dysfunction of diseased cells might occur prior to detectable morphological abnormalities such as retinal cell damage and thickness change. Functional assessment of photoreceptor physiology is essential for the early detection of eye diseases. It is desirable to develop a high-resolution method for objective assessment of photoreceptor physiology. Functional intrinsic optical signal (IOS) imaging, also known as optoretinography (ORG) or optophysiology, measures transient light changes correlated with retinal neural activities. The photoreceptor-IOS arises promptly after the beginning of stimulation, which ensures a unique biomarker for objective ORG measurement of physiological conditions of retinal photoreceptors. In this study, the feasibility of functional optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging of fast photoreceptor-IOS in human photoreceptors has been demonstrated. The fast photoreceptor-IOS occurred before stimulus-evoked pupillary response and thus allows nonmydriatic ORG of human photoreceptors. The outer segment (OS) was confirmed as the source of fast photoreceptor-IOS by depth-resolved OCT. The active IOS changes were found at both OS boundaries, which connected to the inner segment and retinal pigment epithelium. This supports that the mechanism of the fast photoreceptor-IOS can be explained by transient OS shrinkage due to phototransduction.
Non-invasive sensing techniques to phenotype multiple apple tree architectures

Abstract Tree fruit architecture results from combination of the training system and pruning and thinning processes across multiple growth and development years. Further, the tree fruit architecture contributes to the light interception and improves tree growth, fruit quality, and fruit yield, in addition to easing the process of orchard management and harvest. Currently tree architectural traits are measured manually by researchers or growers, which is labor-intensive and time-consuming. In this study, the remote sensing techniques were evaluated to phenotype critical architectural traits with the final goal to assist tree fruit breeders, physiologists and growers in collecting architectural traits efficiently and in a standardized manner. For this, a consumer-grade red–green–blue (RGB) camera was used to collect apple tree side-images, while an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) integrated RGB camera was programmed to image tree canopy at 15 m above ground level to evaluate multiple tree fruit architectures. The sensing data were compared to ground reference data associated with tree orchard blocks within three training systems (Spindle, V-trellis, Bi-axis), two rootstocks (‘WA 38 trees grafted on G41 and M9-Nic29) and two pruning methods (referred as bending and click pruning). The data were processed to extract architectural features from ground-based 2D images and UAV-based 3D digital surface model. The traits extracted from sensing data included box-counting fractal dimension (DBs), middle branch angle, number of branches, trunk basal diameter, and tree row volume (TRV). The results from ground-based sensing data indicated that there was a significant (P
Drugs of Abuse

Substance abuse refers to the maladaptive use of any chemical, legal or illicit, to produce alterations in brain functioning, mood, behavior, and/or level of perception. There are at least three different ways in which substance abuse may result in substantial child and adolescent psychiatric morbidity: (1) exposure during gestation to substances with known behavioral teratogenicity; (2) psychosocial deprivation and/or physical harm as a result of caretakers’ substance abuse disorders; and (3) substance abuse disorders and their consequences in children and adolescents themselves. This chapter will focus specifically on the child and adolescent psychopathology associated with substance abuse as well as the psychopharmacology of the substances involved.
Perception of online teacher self-efficacy: A multi-state study of nursing faculty pivoting courses during COVID 19.

Abstract Background COVID-19 forced many colleges and schools of nursing to abruptly pivot face-to-face learning to online formats. Online teaching is not new, but some faculty have not taught in a virtual environment and rapidly transitioning courses online was challenging. It is not known if teacher self-efficacy was impacted by these circumstances. Objectives We aimed to assess online teacher self-efficacy of nursing faculty who transitioned at least one-face-to face course to an online format. We hypothesized that faculty with previous online teaching experience and greater self-rated instructional support would demonstrate higher online teacher self-efficacy scores compared to faculty who had little or no online teaching experience or reported less satisfaction with instructional support. Design A cross-sectional, descriptive design was used. Setting Faculty from ten universities across the United States were recruited. Participants Nursing faculty (N = 84) who transitioned at least one face-to-face course to an online format during COVID-19 were included in the study. Methods Participants completed the 32-item Michigan Nurse Educators Sense of Efficacy for Online Teaching (MNESEOT) instrument and a demographic questionnaire which included items about prior online teaching experience and instructional support. Results Participants scored overall teacher self-efficacy high (75th percentile). “Computer skills” were scored highest while “student engagement” scored lowest. Prior online teaching was a predictor of higher online teacher self-efficacy; however, instructional support was not a predictor of higher online teacher self-efficacy. Conclusion Nursing faculty reported a high level of online teacher self-efficacy during an abrupt pivot from face-to-face teaching to a virtual format. Pre-emptive opportunities to teach online can build self-efficacy for novice faculty. Faculty and students will benefit from improving student engagement skills, especially during isolating and overwhelming events such as the COVID-19 pandemic.