cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparability of Self-Report Checklist and Interview Data in the Assessment of Stressful Life Events in Young Adults

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the incremental value of conducting an interview to assess stressful life events over the self-report questionnaire approach, first by examining the degree to which life events reported on a questionnaire met inclusion criteria in a detailed stress interview, and second, by comparing the magnitude of prospective associations with depression symptoms for the two different assessment procedures. Data from the Oregon Adolescent Depression Project were examined, in which 191 community-residing young adults (55% female; M age=23.6, SD=0.6) completed a mailed questionnaire assessing the frequency with which 33 life events had occurred to them or to other important people in their lives prior to the diagnostic and stress interviews. An average of 67.5% of events occurring to self met criteria for classification as a life event on the stress interview, as did 19.7% of the events occurring to others. Events having a large effect on the participant had a greater likelihood of meeting inclusion criteria on the stress interview. Contrary to expectation, stress scores from the interview assessment did not result in stronger associations with depression. Recommendations for assessment of stressful life events are offered.
Increasing Design Productivity through Core Reuse, Meta-data Encapsulation, and Synthesis

This paper presents a novel IP core reuse strategy which reduces design time from days to hours for communication circuits such as digital radio receivers. This design productivity is obtained by leveraging a highly parameterized library of communication specific cores. These cores are described in IP-XACT XML with vendor extensions describing the timing behavior of their communication interfaces. A synthesis tool, called Ogre, was created that generates the communication interfaces between cores described in IP-XACT and synthesizes full designs from structural synchronous dataflow specifications. Design productivity improvements are demonstrated with several radio receiver designs.
Exome sequencing-based copy-number variation and loss of heterozygosity detection

Motivation: The ability to detect copy-number variation (CNV) and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) from exome sequencing data extends the utility of this powerful approach that has mainly been used for point or small insertion/deletion detection. Results: We present ExomeCNV, a statistical method to detect CNV and LOH using depth-of-coverage and B-allele frequencies, from mapped short sequence reads, and we assess both the method's power and the effects of confounding variables. We apply our method to a cancer exome resequencing dataset. As expected, accuracy and resolution are dependent on depth-of-coverage and capture probe design. Availability: CRAN package ‘ExomeCNV’. Contact:fsathira@fas.harvard.edu; snelson@ucla.edu Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Disease diagnosis by recombinant DNA methods

Recombinant DNA procedures have now been applied to the problem of the identification of molecular defects in man that account for heritable diseases, somatic mutations associated with neoplasia, and acquired infectious disease. Thus recombinant DNA technology has rapidly expanded our ability to diagnose disease. Substantial advances in the simplification of procedures for diagnostic purposes have been made, and the informed physician has gained in diagnostic accuracy as a consequence of these developments. The wide application of recombinant DNA diagnostics will depend on simplicity, speed of results, and cost containment.
Review of the standard tests for syphilis and evaluation of a new commercial elisa, the syphilis bio‐enzabead test

To date, there are eight serologic tests considered Standard for the serodiagnosis of syphilis; however, the syphilis Bio-EnzaBead test is the first commercially available enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for the confirmation of a reactive nontreponemal test result in the serodiagnosis of syphilis. The Bio-EnzaBead has a sensitivity of 95.2% in untreated syphilis when read at 405 nm with 80% of the 1 + optical density (OD) used as the breakpoint OD between reactive and nonreactive results. This sensitivity is comparable to the sensitivity of the microhemag-glutination assay (MHA-TP) of 97.6% in untreated syphilis. The specificity of the syphilis Bio-EnzaBead when read as described above is 94.7%, compared with the 99.3% of the MHA-TP and the 98.1% of the fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test. Heating of the specimens did not adversely affect the test outcome, and it eliminated background readings seen with the negative control beads.
Bohr model and dimensional scaling analysis of atoms and molecules

It is generally believed that the old quantum theory, as presented by Niels Bohr in 1913, fails when applied to few electron systems, such as the H2 molecule. Here we review recent developments of the Bohr model that connect it with dimensional scaling procedures adapted from quantum chromodynamics. This approach treats electrons as point particles whose positions are determined by optimizing an algebraic energy function derived from the large-dimension limit of the Schrodinger equation. The calculations required are simple yet yield useful accuracy for molecular potential curves and bring out appealing heuristic aspects. We first examine the ground electronic states of H2, HeH, He2, LiH, BeH and Li2. Even a rudimentary Bohr model, employing interpolation between large and small internuclear distances, gives good agreement with potential curves obtained from conventional quantum mechanics. An amended Bohr version, augmented by constraints derived from Heitler–London or Hund–Mulliken results, dispenses wit...
NetList/sup +/: a simple language for fast ASIC prototyping

A simple circuit specification language, NetList/sup +/, for rapid turn-around cell-based ASIC prototyping is discussed. By using NetList/sup +/, uniform representation is achieved for the specification, simulation, and physical description of a design. The goal is to establish an easy interfacing method between design specification and independent CAD tools so that a simple description can be used for various tools. >
The Relationship between Study Processing and the Effects of Cue Congruency at Retrieval: fMRI Support for Transfer Appropriate Processing

Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, the present study investigated whether the enhanced memory performance associated with congruent relative to incongruent retrieval cues is modulated by how items are encoded. Subjects studied a list of visually presented words and pictures and attempted to recognize these items in a later memory test. Half of the studied items were tested with a congruent cue (word-word and picture-picture), whereas the remainders were tested with an incongruent cue (word-picture and picture-word). For both words and pictures, regions where study activity was greater for congruently than incongruently cued items overlapped regions where activity differentiated the 2 classes of study material. Thus, word congruency effects overlapped regions where activity elicited by study words exceeded the activity elicited by pictures. Similarly, picture congruency effects overlapped regions demonstrating enhanced activity for pictures relative to words. In addition, several regions, including dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and intraparietal sulcus, demonstrated material-nonspecific congruency effects. The findings suggest that items benefit from a congruent retrieval cue when their study processing resembles the processing later engaged by the retrieval cue. Consistent with the principle of transfer appropriate processing, the benefit of a congruent retrieval cue derives from the interaction between study and retrieval processing.
System approach to intrusion detection using hidden Markov model

In an era of cooperating ad hoc networks and pervasive wireless connectivity, we are becoming more vulnerable to malicious attacks. Many of these attacks are silent in nature and cannot be detected by the conventional intrusion detection system (IDS) methods such as traffic monitoring, port scanning, or protocol violations. These sophisticated attacks operate under the threshold boundaries during an intrusion attempt and can only be identified by profiling the complete system activity in relation to a normal behavior. In this paper we discuss a hidden Markov model (HMM) strategy for intrusion detection using a multivariate Gaussian model for observations that are then used to predict an attack that exists in a form of a hidden state. This model is comprised of a self-organizing network for event clustering, an observation classifier, a drift detector, a profile estimator, a Gaussian mixture model (GMM) accelerator, and an HMM engine. We use this method to predict the intrusion states based on observation deviation from normal profiles or by fitting it into an appropriate attack profile.
Measuring agreement between decision support reminders: the cloud vs. the local expert

A cloud-based clinical decision support system (CDSS) was implemented to remotely provide evidence-based guideline reminders in support of preventative health. Following implementation, we measured the agreement between preventive care reminders generated by an existing, local CDSS and the new, cloud-based CDSS operating on the same patient visit data. Electronic health record data for the same set of patients seen in primary care were sent to both the cloud-based web service and local CDSS. The clinical reminders returned by both services were captured for analysis. Cohen’s Kappa coefficient was calculated to compare the two sets of reminders. Kappa statistics were further adjusted for prevalence and bias due to the potential effects of bias in the CDS logic and prevalence in the relative small sample of patients. The cloud-based CDSS generated 965 clinical reminders for 405 patient visits over 3 months. The local CDSS returned 889 reminders for the same patient visit data. When adjusted for prevalence and bias, observed agreement varied by reminder from 0.33 (95% CI 0.24 – 0.42) to 0.99 (95% CI 0.97 – 1.00) and demonstrated almost perfect agreement for 7 of the 11 reminders. Preventive care reminders delivered by two disparate CDS systems show substantial agreement. Subtle differences in rule logic and terminology mapping appear to account for much of the discordance. Cloud-based CDSS therefore show promise, opening the door for future development and implementation in support of health care providers with limited resources for knowledge management of complex logic and rules.
Characterization of Gene Use and Efficacy of Mouse Monoclonal Antibodies to Streptococcus pneumoniae Serotype 8

Streptococcus pneumoniae is the most common cause of community-acquired pneumonia in the United States and globally. Despite the availability of pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide (PPS) and protein conjugate-based vaccines, the prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pneumococcal strains, serotype (ST) replacement in nonconjugate vaccine strains, and uncertainty as to whether the PPS vaccine that is used in adults protects against pneumonia emphasize the need for continued efforts to understand the nature of protective PPS antibody responses. In this study, we generated mouse monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) to a conjugate consisting of the PPS of serotype 8 (PPS8) S. pneumoniae and tetanus toxoid. Thirteen MAbs, including four IgMs that bound to PPS8 and phosphorylcholine (PC) and five IgMs and four IgG1s that bound to PPS8 but not PC, were produced, and their nucleotide sequences, epitope and fine specificity, and efficacy against lethal challenge with ST8 S. pneumoniae were determined. MAbs that bound to PPS8 exhibited gene use that was distinct from that exhibited by MAbs that bound to PC. Only PPS8-binding MAbs that did not bind PC were protective in mice. All 13 MAbs used germ line variable-region heavy (VH) and light (VL) chain genes, with no evidence of somatic hypermutation. Our data reveal a relationship between PPS specificity and VH gene use and MAb efficacy in mice. These findings provide insight into the relationship between antibody molecular structure and function and hold promise for the development of novel surrogates for pneumococcal vaccine efficacy.
Analysis of Dose-Response Data in the Presence of Extrabinomial Variation

SUMMARY Binary dose-response data often exhibit extrabinomial variation when the responses arise naturally in groups or litters. This paper investigates the use of generalized Wald and score statistics for robustifying the standard inference methods based on the binomial likelihood. Special attention is given to the probit analysis of a parallel assay of the teratogenic effects on mice of several dioxins.
Dating Violence Victimization, Interpersonal Needs, and Suicidal Ideation Among College Students

Abstract. Background: Victims of dating violence experience suicidal ideation at a higher rate than the general population. However, very few studies have examined the relationship between dating violence and suicidal ideation within an empirically supported theory of suicide. The interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide posits that thwarted interpersonal needs (i.e., thwarted belongingness and perceived burdensomeness) are proximal antecedents to suicidal ideation. The experience of dating violence may thwart such interpersonal needs, thus increasing risk for suicidal ideation. Aims: We aimed to examine the relationships among dating violence, thwarted interpersonal needs, and suicidal ideation and test the interpersonal-psychological theory of suicide. Method: We conducted two cross-sectional studies on college students in dating relationships to examine these research questions. Results: Study 1 indicated positive correlations among dating violence (i.e., physical and psychological), thwarted belo...
Plasma catecholamine and corticosterone and their in vitro effects on lizard skeletal muscle lactate metabolism

Lizard skeletal muscles utilize primarily lactate as a gluconeogenic substrate for glycogen replenishment following exercise. To understand the influence of selected hormones on this process, we measured changes in plasma catecholamines and corticosterone resulting from exercise in the lizard Dipsosaurus dorsalis and then investigated the physiological effects of those hormones on skeletal muscle lactate and glucose metabolism in vitro. Plasma epinephrine (Epi), norepinephrine, and corticosterone (Cort) increased 5.8, 10.2, and 2.2 times, respectively, after 5 min of exhaustive exercise. Epi and Cort levels remained elevated after 2 h of recovery. Skeletal muscle fiber bundles isolated from the red and white regions of the iliofibularis muscle were incubated 2 h at 40 degrees C in the presence of postexercise concentrations of [14C]lactate (15 mM) and glucose (8.5 mM) in the presence and absence of Epi or Cort. Red muscle oxidized both substrates at 2-3 times the rate of white muscle, and both red and white fibers oxidized lactate at 5-10 times the rate of glucose oxidation. Epi had a stimulatory effect on lactate oxidation by white muscle. Lactate incorporation into glycogen proceeded at 2-3 times the rate of glucose incorporation in both muscle types, with rates in red muscle again 2-3 times that for white muscle. Epi stimulated lactate carbon incorporation into glycogen by 50-140% in both red and white muscle but had no effect on glucose incorporation into glycogen in either tissue. We interpret these data as evidence that epinephrine stimulates lactate removal by skeletal muscle. Cort had no effect on lactate metabolism in either muscle type.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Algorithmic detection of inconsistent modeling among SNOMED CT concepts by combining lexical and structural indicators

SNOMED CT is important for clinical applications, such as Electronic Health Record (EHR) encoding. However, inconsistency in modeling its concepts may prevent SNOMED CT from providing proper support for clinical use. This study provides an effective methodology for locating inconsistently modeled SNOMED CT concepts. One can expect lexically similar concepts to be modeled similarly. Positional similarity sets, sets of lexically similar concepts having only one different word at the same position of their names, are introduced. Concepts in such sets have a higher likelihood of being unjustifiably inconsistently modeled. A technique to incorporate three structural indicators into the selected sets is provided to further improve the likelihood of finding inconsistently modeled concepts. An analysis of a sample of 50 such sets and for each of these three indicators is performed. The sample of positional similarity sets is found to have 18.6% inconsistent concepts. The use of structural indicators is shown to further improve the likelihood of finding inconsistently modeled concepts up to 41.6% with high statistical significance when compared to the previous sample of positional similarity sets. Positional similarity sets with different structural indicators are shown to help identify inconsistencies in concept modeling with high likelihood. Furthermore, such sets enable the comparison of concept modeling in the context of other lexically similar concepts, which enhances the effectiveness of corrections by auditors. Such quality assurance methods can be used to supplement IHTSDO's own efforts in order to improve the quality of SNOMED CT.
Perspective: Computer simulations of long time dynamics

Atomically detailed computer simulations of complex molecular events attracted the imagination of many researchers in the field as providing comprehensive information on chemical, biological, and physical processes. However, one of the greatest limitations of these simulations is of time scales. The physical time scales accessible to straightforward simulations are too short to address many interesting and important molecular events. In the last decade significant advances were made in different directions (theory, software, and hardware) that significantly expand the capabilities and accuracies of these techniques. This perspective describes and critically examines some of these advances.
Earplug Usage in Preservice Music Teachers.

In the past 10 years, educating university musicians about hearing protection for long-term career stability and success has become more common, as has the adoption of hearing conservation programs...
Practice guidelines & medical malpractice litigation.

In 1973, the United States Congress enacted legislation requiring physicians to initiate Peer Review Organizations to monitor utilization and quality of hospital and physician services in the federally funded Medicare program. A hardly noticed provision of the statute intimated the desirability of formulating guidelines for medical treatment. What was originally intended to simplify and universalize general standards by which quality of care could be objectively measured has more recently escalated into formalized projects, subsidized by government, to create "practice parameters". The impetus to define clinical conditions and methods of treatment for specific medical conditions (practice parameters) and standards of practice to avoid or defend malpractice claims (risk management protocols) are part of the movement in the United States for tort reform. If the vague "reasonable man" standard of care in negligence law can be supplanted by a scientifically developed, particularized medical practice standard, it is anticipated that spurious claims and defensive medical practice will be discouraged, quality improved, iatrogenic injury and malpractice litigation diminished. Many U.S. states undertook tort reform in the last decade. A few have embarked on medical-legal reform. One state is conducting a five-year medical liability project that calls for the development of practice parameters and risk management protocols in four medical specialties. The parameters will have the effect of law and may be introduced as evidence in medical malpractice trials. How the parameters are established, their effect on the strategies of litigation, the resultant trial problems in the introduction of evidence and in the burden of proof and their potential for acceptance by a significant number of jurisdictions-are the issues to be explored in this paper.
Disorders of the aging GI system.

These conditions may well have causes other than physical deterioration. One should always keep in mind socioeconomic and emotional factors. Whatever the cause, practical help can be given for most common problems.
Using High Performance Computing to Examine the Processes of Neurogenesis Underlying Pattern Separation/Completion of Episodic Information.

Adult neurogenesis in the hippocampus region of the brain is a neurobiological process that is believed to contribute to the brain's advanced abilities in complex pattern recognition and cognition. Here, we describe how realistic scale simulations of the neurogenesis process can offer both a unique perspective on the biological relevance of this process and confer computational insights that are suggestive of novel machine learning techniques. First, supercomputer based scaling studies of the neurogenesis process demonstrate how a small fraction of adult-born neurons have a uniquely larger impact in biologically realistic scaled networks. Second, we describe a novel technical approach by which the information content of ensembles of neurons can be estimated. Finally, we illustrate several examples of broader algorithmic impact of neurogenesis, including both extending existing machine learning approaches and novel approaches for intelligent sensing.
Effect of Varenicline Combined with High-Dose Alcohol on Craving, Subjective Intoxication, Perceptual Motor Response, and Executive Cognitive Function in Adults with Alcohol Use Disorders: Preliminary Findings.

Background Varenicline has been found to decrease alcohol-motivated behaviors. Recent warnings regarding aversive events associated with varenicline used in conjunction with alcohol warrant further investigation into the safety of the drug when combined with alcohol. The purpose of this preliminary investigation was to examine the effect of combining varenicline with a high, fixed dose of alcohol on subjective reactivity and cognitive function in adults with alcohol use disorders (AUDs). Methods This double-blind, placebo-controlled preliminary investigation examined the effects of varenicline (0, 1, 2 mg/d) on subjective reactivity, cognition, perceptual motor function, and physiologic reactivity to a fixed dose of alcohol (vs. nonalcohol control beverage) using an established laboratory paradigm in smokers and nonsmokers meeting criteria for AUDs (n = 44). All participants had completed a parent varenicline study evaluating alcohol self-administration. Each subject completed 2 fixed-dose laboratory sessions assessing reactivity to a high-dose alcohol (0.08 g/dl) or a nonalcoholic control beverage, order counterbalanced. Results Varenicline attenuated alcohol-related increases in subjective intoxication and alcohol-related decreases in executive cognitive function. At baseline, varenicline reduced alcohol craving and diastolic blood pressure, and increased associative learning, working memory, and perceptual motor function. Varenicline produced nonspecific effects on diastolic blood pressure and heart rate. Overall, there were few differences in effects between 1 and 2 mg/d varenicline versus placebo. Conclusions These preliminary results continue to support the safety and use of varenicline in combination with alcohol in individuals meeting criteria for AUDs.
Aircraft avionics strategic fleet update using optimal methods

Modernization and sustainment of legacy aircraft requires technology insertion which accounts for the complex interaction of the physical system interfaces and the strategic benefit of the new technology. This paper explores an objective method to evaluate new avionics architectures and to select the architecture implementation that achieves an optimal benefit to a fleet operator.
“You Can Be an Agent of Change”: The Rhetoric of New Age Self-Help in Enlightened

Extending Cloud’s (1998) work on the rhetoric of therapy and Payne’s (1989a, 1989b) concept of therapeutic rhetoric, this essay explores discourses of New Age self-help on the HBO television series Enlightened. We argue that New Age self-help rhetoric is a form of therapeutic rhetoric that merges New Age spirituality with the American tradition of self-improvement. We critically examine the show’s protagonist, Amy Jellicoe, who engages in New Age self-help rhetoric to enact an “agent of change” identity, and analyze how Enlightened praises and problematizes New Ageism’s emphasis on social responsibility. Ultimately, this close textual analysis provides an in-depth look into how New Age tenets are represented in popular culture and the ways in which New Age self-help rhetoric simultaneously resists and reproduces neoliberal individualism within modern society.
Expression and structure of CD22 in acute leukemia

The purpose of this study was to examine the expression and structure of CD22 in B cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (BCP-ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), and T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL). By using immunofluorescence microscopy and flow cytometry we observed that CD22 is expressed not only in the cytoplasm (as previously reported) but also on the cell surface of virtually all (15/16) BCP-ALL examined. CD22 that was biosynthetically labeled with 35S-cysteine and immunoprecipitated from the uncommon cytoplasmic CD22-positive/surface CD22-negative BCP-ALL cells was analyzed by single-dimension sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Our results indicated that the cytoplasmic form of CD22 comigrated with 125I/lactoperoxidase-labeled surface CD22. Therefore, cytoplasmic CD22 is probably a pool of fully processed glycoprotein. We also observed unusual cases of AML (approximately 20%) that expressed cytoplasmic CD22 based on immunofluorescent staining; however, biosynthetic labeling and immunoprecipitation revealed an apparently cross-reactive protein(s) of approximately 250 to 300 kd in AML cells. No T-ALL cell lines examined expressed either cytoplasmic or surface CD22. Thus, cytoplasmic and surface expression of bona fide CD22 appears restricted to B cells, which suggests that this molecule subserves a function unique to B cells.
Reconstructing C(G) from a Plenary Subset

The well known method of using ultrafilters on an index set to identify all minimal prime subgroups of a cardinal product of o-groups is generalized to a method of using prime ideal filters on the special values of a special-valued l-group to identify prime subgroups. Among those that can be identified this way are all minimal prime subgroups, all closed prime subgroups, and all branch prime subgroups. The method is then used to give necessary and sufficient conditions for a value to be such a prime subgroup.
A Population Representation of Absolute Light Intensity in the Mammalian Retina

Environmental illumination spans many log units of intensity and is tracked for essential functions that include regulation of the circadian clock, arousal state, and hormone levels. Little is known about the neural representation of light intensity and how it covers the necessary range. This question became accessible with the discovery of mammalian photoreceptors that are required for intensity-driven functions, the M1 ipRGCs. The spike outputs of M1s are thought to uniformly track intensity over a wide range. We provide a different understanding: individual cells operate over a narrow range, but the population covers irradiances from moonlight to full daylight. The range of most M1s is limited by depolarization block, which is generally considered pathological but is produced intrinsically by these cells. The dynamics of block allow the population to code stimulus intensity with flexibility and efficiency. Moreover, although spikes are distorted by block, they are regularized during axonal propagation.
Exploring mentoring in the context of team science

Despite an increasing amount of research into team science and collaboration, little is known about post-doctoral scholars' pathways to becoming independent researchers, particularly as it relates to the mentoring relationship. The purpose of our study was to explore if and how the team science framework promotes collaboration and the development of independent researchers from mentees' and mentors' perspectives. A convenience sample of faculty mentors and postdoctoral mentees, participated in semi-structured interviews. The analysis revealed three themes for the mentees: working with others, evaluating mentoring, exploring resources, and five themes for the mentors: elaborating on scholarly productivity, mentoring style, setting team culture, strategies to develop T32 scholars, and evaluating program qualities. The findings showed that scholars were engaged in an atmosphere of collaboration fostered by their mentors and that mentors encouraged scholars' capacity for scientific thinking. Future studies should acquire the perspectives of all team members to examine how teams function.
Novel iterative techniques for radar target discrimination

In this paper, transmission waveforms for an M-target ID problem are compared and analyzed under a hypothesis testing framework. Waveforms based on mutual information between a target ensemble and the received waveforms, under time and energy constraints, have already been determined. They are applied to the M-target ID problem, and compared with the solution obtained by maximizing the average distance between hypotheses. A single illumination is considered first with regard to the binary and the M-ary target ID problem. A new iterative transmission scheme is proposed that calculates the probability of each hypothesis and updates the transmission waveform at each step. This is coupled with a sequential multi-hypotheses testing procedure and shown that for the same error rate, the proposed iterative scheme combined with an information-based waveform can reduce the number of iterations to reach a decision.
Waste package design and container materials evaluation for the Yucca Mountain repository

Container material concerns for the long-term containment of high-level reprocessed nuclear waste and spent nuclear fuel in a potential repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada are discussed. The current container design focuses on a thin corrosion resistant inner barrier surrounded by a thick corrosion allowance outer barrier. Carbon steel is the principal candidate material for the outer barrier, while Ni-Cr-Mo alloys are the main focus for the inner barrier. The repository is initially expected to be hot and dry, but as the temperature decreases, the possibility of a humid environment and liquid water entry into the repository zone increases. Gradual wastage of the outer barrier delays access of water to the inner barrier, which is expected to be resistant to most forms of corrosion. The creviced region between the two barriers, however, may provide an area of localized corrosion on the inner barrier. Galvanic effects between the two barrier materials introduce some complexities in the same creviced region. A testing program has been initiated to measure corrosion rates, determine the kinds of corrosion attack, and provide input for the long-term performance modeling of the container.
Emerging Methods for Studying Families as Systems

Historically, advanced study of family systems has been constrained by limitations of methodology, including insufficiently precise and process-oriented measurement of family processes. Emerging approaches to measurement, however, offer promise toward increasing understanding of influence processes related to families and children. This chapter describes three innovative methods for studying families as systems. First, we describe how multiple family relationships can be examined from the child’s perspective using a revised MacArthur Story Stem Battery, a semi-structured story completion task assessing family dynamics. Second, we discuss the advanced use of daily diaries to assess day-to-day family processes and the effectiveness of psycho-educational prevention programs. Third, a new coding system for triadic interactions, which includes analyses of family interactions at both the macro-analytic and micro-analytic levels, is discussed. The development of new methods holds the potential to contribute to new advances in understanding the dynamic processes that characterize relations between family systems and child development.
Epistemic Artifacts: Michael Faraday’s Search for the Optical Effects of Gold

In 1856, Michael Faraday (1791-1867) carried out an extensive program of research to explore the properties of thin films of metallic gold. Such films had long been of interest to him because they possess the peculiar property of appearing gold in color by reflected light, but green by transmitted light. Faraday hoped this behavior would model the general interaction of light and matter, perhaps extending his earlier finding that magnetic fields could affect a beam of polarized light passing through a highly refractive substance. In the course of this work, Faraday prepared over 600 microscope slides with thin metallic films adhering to them. Most of these epistemic artifacts have survived, as have his extensive diary records. Examination of this material permits reconstruction of his successive attempts to create a kind of dialogue with nature and provides evidence for his sophisticated ability to interactively create a microverse that could expand his mental microverse of field lines of force. While he failed to achieve his larger goals, the surviving specimens constitute a series of increasingly articulated representations of the structure of metallic matter. The case is thus one in which the “model” converges with the very thing intended to be modelled.
China’s Emerging State in Historical Perspective

This chapter examines the ways in which the contemporary Chinese state’s emergence has been influenced deliberately and shaped unconsciously by its past. The state’s capacities and priorities have developed in part out of ideological and institutional practices present more than two centuries ago and continue to address problems and possibilities an earlier Chinese state pondered more than a century ago. How the China has emerged politically and economically in the early twenty-first century is in no small measure the product of its transformation domestically and its changing relations to the world over the past several centuries.
The stagnant loop syndrome in childhood: review and report of four patients.

Four children presenting with a range of signs and symptoms were found to have chronic intestinal obstruction. Presentations included massive uppergastrointestinal bleeding, chronic weight loss simulating neoplasm, and profound megaloblastic anemia. The pathophysiology involved and a brief review of stagnant loop syndrome in childhood are discussed.
Of Human Potential: A 40-Year Saga*:

Howard Gardner’s longtime interest in the range of human capacities and talents was facilitated by his leadership role in the Bernard Van Leer Foundation “Project on Human Potential” carried out at...
Finding Afro-Mexico: Race and Nation after the Revolution

In 2015, the Mexican state counted how many of its citizens identified as Afro-Mexican for the first time since independence. Finding Afro-Mexico reveals the transnational interdisciplinary histories that led to this celebrated reformulation of Mexican national identity. It traces the Mexican, African American, and Cuban writers, poets, anthropologists, artists, composers, historians, and archaeologists who integrated Mexican history, culture, and society into the African Diaspora after the Revolution of 1910. Theodore W. Cohen persuasively shows how these intellectuals rejected the nineteenth-century racial paradigms that heralded black disappearance when they made blackness visible first in Mexican culture and then in post-revolutionary society. Drawing from more than twenty different archives across the Americas, this cultural and intellectual history of black visibility, invisibility, and community-formation questions the racial, cultural, and political dimensions of Mexican history and Afro-diasporic thought.
Analysis of post-translational modifications in soluble proteins involved in chemical communication from mammals and insects.

Abstract Different soluble, small polypeptide molecules isolated from biological tissues/body fluids of mammals and insects have been reported to bind odorant compounds and pheromones, and have been accordingly named odorant-binding proteins, pheromone-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins. Mammal and insect odorant-binding and pheromone-binding proteins show evident differences in their primary structure; in insects, the same condition occurs for odorant- and pheromone-binding proteins, which belong to the same protein family, and chemosensory proteins. In order to understand their molecular characteristics, these proteins have been subjected to an extensive analysis for their post-translational modifications through mass spectrometry approaches. Depending on proteins, they have been characterized as having specific disulfide bridge arrangements, which were consistent among molecular sequence homologs. Only selected odorant-binding proteins from mammals have been demonstrated bearing N-linked glycan structures and other modifications. In this review article, we discuss the application of mass spectrometry procedures for the analysis of post-translational modifications in odorant-binding proteins, pheromone-binding proteins and chemosensory proteins. Different example proteins are reported, and protocols are presented for obtaining definitive information in this context.
Marbriers de Paris: the popular market for funerary monuments in nineteenth-century Paris

Since the nineteenth century significant attention has been given to the role of architects and sculptors in the modern cemeteries of Paris. This is particularly true of places such as Pere-Lachais...
Symptomatic Pituitary Metastasis as Initial Manifestation of Renal Cell Carcinoma: Case Report and Review of Literature.

Metastasis to the pituitary gland is extremely rare (∼2% of sellar masses). Clinical, biochemical, and radiologic characteristics of pituitary metastasis are poorly defined and can be difficult to diagnose before surgery. We present an unusual case with pituitary metastasis as the first manifestation of renal cell carcinoma (RCC). A 70-year-old male presented with acute onset of weakness, dizziness, diplopia, and progressively worsening headache. The initial CT head revealed a heterogeneous sellar mass measuring 2.8 × 1.9 × 1.7 cm. A follow-up MRI showed the sellar mass invading the right cavernous sinus. The presumptive diagnosis was a pituitary macroadenoma. Physical examination revealed bilateral 6th cranial nerve palsy and episodes of intermittent binocular horizontal diplopia. Hormonal testing noted possible secondary adrenal insufficiency (AM serum cortisol: 3.3 mcg/dL, ACTH: 8 pg/mL), secondary hypothyroidism (TSH: <0.01 mIU/L, FT4: 0.7 ng/dL), secondary hypogonadism (testosterone: 47 ng/dL, LH: 1.3 mIU/mL, and FSH: 2.3 mIU/mL), and elevated serum prolactin (prolactin: 56.8 ng/ml, normal: 4.0-15.2 ng/ml). IGF-1 level was normal at 110 ng/mL (47-192 ng/mL). The patient was discharged on levothyroxine and hydrocortisone therapy with plans for close surveillance. However, his condition worsened over the next three months, and he was subsequently readmitted with nausea, vomiting, and hypernatremia secondary to diabetes insipidus. Repeat MRI pituitary showed an interval increase in the size of the sellar mass with suprasellar extension and a new mass effect on the optic chiasm. The sellar mass was urgently resected via a trans-sphenoidal approach. The tumor was negative for neuroendocrine markers and pituitary hormone panel, ruling out the diagnosis of pituitary adenoma and triggered workup for metastatic renal cell carcinoma, clear cell type. The diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma was confirmed by the diffuse and strong staining for renal cell carcinoma markers (Pax-8, RCC-1, and CD10). A follow-up CT scan noted large right renal mass measuring 11 × 10 × 11 cm. The patient underwent a cytoreductive robotic right radical nephrectomy for WHO/ISUP histologic grade II clear cell RCC, stage pT2b pNX pM1. He subsequently received fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy to the pituitary gland. He is presently stable with no radiological evidence of progression or new intracranial disease on subsequent imaging. Pituitary metastasis most commonly occurs from breast, lung, or gastrointestinal tumors but also rarely from renal cell carcinoma. Biochemical findings such as panhypopituitarism, acute clinical signs such as headache, visual symptoms, and diabetes insipidus and interval increase in sellar mass in a short time interval should raise suspicion for sellar metastasis.
Prevalence and outcome of Covid-19 infection in cancer patients: a national VA study

Abstract Background Emerging data suggest variability in susceptibility and outcome to Covid-19 infection. Identifying the risk-factors associated with infection and outcomes in cancer patients is necessary to develop healthcare recommendations. Methods We analyzed electronic health records of the US National Veterans Administration healthcare system and assessed the prevalence of Covid-19 infection in cancer patients. We evaluated the proportion of cancer patients tested for Covid-19 and their confirmed positivity, with clinical characteristics, and outcome, and stratified by demographics, comorbidities, cancer treatment and cancer type. Results Of 22914 cancer patients tested for Covid-19, 1794 (7.8%) were positive. The prevalence of Covid-19 was similar across all ages. Higher prevalence was observed in African-American (AA) (15%) compared to white (5.5%; P Conclusion Pre-existence of cancer affects both susceptibility to Covid-19 infection and eventual outcome. The overall Covid-19 attributable mortality in cancer patients is affected by age, co-morbidity and specific cancer types, however, race or recent treatment including immunotherapy does not impact outcome. Fundings VA Office of Research and Development and National Institutes of Health.
Maximal Single-Frequency Light-Matter Interactions

We predict upper bounds to light-matter interactions at a given frequency in passive nanophotonic systems. Such bounds set the ultimate limits to the control of light for architectures from nanoparticles to metasurfaces.
Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Morphology and Subtypes by Human Papillomavirus Type and by 16 Lineages and Sublineages

Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) is increasing in incidence and, in Western countries, strongly associated with transcriptionally-active high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV). Within HPV-positive tumors, there is wide morphologic diversity with numerous histologic subtypes of SCC. There are also variable degrees of keratinization, anaplasia, stromal fibrosis, and maturing squamous differentiation. Unlike in the uterine cervix, where associations between HPV types and lineages/sublineages within types have been investigated with some clear correlations identified, little to no data exists for oropharyngeal SCC. In this study, for a large cohort of oropharyngeal SCC patients, we performed RTPCR for high-risk HPV. For the HPV positive patients, we sequenced the DNA of the entire HPV16 genome and determined lineages and sublineages, correlating HPV status, genotype, and HPV16 lineages/sublineages with SCC subtype and various histologic features. Of the 259 patients, 224 (86.5%) were high-risk HPV positive, of which 210/224 (93.8%) were HPV type 16 and 6/224 (2.7%) HPV type 33. Of the four HPV16 lineages, A was the most frequent (192/214 or 89.8%) and of the HPV16 A sublineages, A1 was the most frequent (112/210 or 53.3%). Patients with HPV negative tumors were more often keratinizing vs other types (23/35 or 65.7%) and thus more likely to have more maturing squamous differentiation and stromal desmoplasia. There was no significant correlation between HPV type (16 versus other), between HPV16 lineage (A versus others), or HPV16 A sublineages (A1 or A2 versus others) and morphologic type of SCC nor the various morphologic features of anaplasia/multinucleation, degree of keratinization, nor amount of stromal desmoplasia. In summary, in our cohort, there was no correlation between the type of HPV, the HPV 16 lineage or sublineage, and any of the histologic features or morphologic SCC subtypes.
Osmanisch-safavidische Beziehungen 1545–1550: Der Fall Alḳâs Mîrzâ, 2 vols

The proliferating body of scholarship on the Safavids is surprisingly light on war-making, seemingly the main and inarguably the most valued occupation of the regime. A few noteworthy studies on mi...
Phylogeny of lymphocyte heterogeneity. II. Differential effects of temperature on fish T-like and B-like cells.

Abstract Lymphocytes from the bluegill, a freshwater fish, were observed to undergo in vitro mitogenic responses to a variety of “classical” mitogens. Using cell fractionation approaches based upon surface markers and in vitro mitogenesis, bluegill lymphocytes could be divided into two populations. One population responded to PHA and Con A but not to LPS, contained surface antigens in common with bluegill brain, and did not form spontaneous rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes. The other population responded to LPS but not to PHA or Con A, did not appear to contain surface antigens in common with brain, and did form rosettes with rabbit erythrocytes. The former population responded to mitogenic stimulation very well at 32 °C, whereas the latter population responded better at 22 than at 32 °C. The pattern of mitogenic responses and brain antigen distribution coupled with the observation that mixed lymphocyte responses were obtained at 32 but not at 22 °C makes it likely that the 32 °C responsive population represents the fish equivalent of T cells. The other population may be B cells. These data suggest that the immunosuppressive effects of low temperatures on cold-blooded animals may be effects on the generation of functional T cells and not on B cells.
An Overview of Parental Care among the Reptilia

Publisher Summary Reptiles are a paraphyletic group; they do not include the descendant groups mammalia and aves. The care extended by the parent generation appears as structural aspects, as modification of physiological processes, and aspects of behavior. Whereas reptilian parental care represents evolution's first experiment with the amniotic egg, the condition in snakes, lizards, and their relatives shows much variation between egg laying and viviparity. There are many examples of egg guarding, moisture and heat provision, and antipredator devices. Many aspects of reptilian reproductive patterns prove to be vagile among the vertebrates. Thus, the most heavily yolked or “telolecithal” eggs (such as seen in birds), viviparity, and internal fertilization have evolved and reversed repeatedly. Reversals complicate, and may even invalidate, the characterization of broad trends. Furthermore, the 7000 species of reptiles show dozens of modes that seem to enhance the fitness of their offspring, thereby providing a vast opportunity of testing the reality of these adaptations.