cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
African art and the aesthetics of hiding and revealing

A l'occasion de l'exposition d'un masque sacre de la culture Nso (Cameroun) dans une galerie d'art de Berkeley (Californie), l'A. definit l'ensemble de l'art africain par l'esthetique du cacher et du reveler, ou du voilement et du devoilement, qui designe la fonction primitive de l'art comme revelation de l'existence des societes secretes des hommes (Nwerong et Ngiri), d'une part, et comme representation d'un esprit ancestral, d'autre part. Soulignant la fonction sociale de la danse et du carnaval comme moyen de controle non-coercitif, l'A. montre que l'experience esthetique est liee a l'experience de la vie individuelle et collective dans sa culture native
Real time investigations of the polymerization of 2-pentadecyl aniline on the Langmuir-Blodgett trough

Abstract The monomer, 2-pentadecyl aniline, was spread at air-aqueous interfaces to produce stable monolayer films. Its surface pressure and surface potential isotherms are discussed. Polymerization of 2-pentadecyl aniline confined to a monolayer with a Langmuir trough was also studied. By using the trough itself as an instrument to probe the polymerization, the effects of initiator concentration and subphase acid concentration on the polymerization reaction are discussed.
Replacing the axial ligand tyrosine 75 or its hydrogen bond partner histidine 83 minimally affects hemin acquisition by the hemophore HasAp from Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Hemophores from Pseudomonas aeruginosa (HasAp), Serratia marcescens (HasAsm), and Yersinia pestis (HasAyp) bind hemin between two loops. One of the loops harbors conserved axial ligand Tyr75 (Y75 loop) in all three structures, whereas the second loop (H32 loop) contains axial ligand His32 in HasAp and HasAsm, but a noncoordinating Gln32 in HasAyp. Binding of hemin to the Y75 loop of HasAp or HasAsm causes a large rearrangement of the H32 loop that allows His32 coordination. The Q32 loop in apo-HasAyp is already in the closed conformation, such that binding of hemin to the conserved Y75 loop occurs with minimal structural rearrangement and without coordinative interaction with the Q32 loop. In this study, structural and spectroscopic investigations of the hemophore HasAp were conducted to probe (i) the role of the conserved Tyr75 loop in hemin binding and (ii) the proposed requirement of the His83–Tyr75 hydrogen bond to allow the coordination of hemin by Tyr75. High-resolution crystal structures of H83A ho...
FRUIT TEXTURE—AN OVERVIEW OF TRENDS AND PROBLEMS

The development of the Magness Taylor Pressure Tester in 1925 led to major advances in understanding and controlling factors that affect the firmness of fruits. Recent advances in elucidating the complex nature of texture and in improved instrumentation should lead to another round of major advances in understanding and controlling factors that affect the textural properties of fruits. The trend to mechanical harvesting will probably lead to fruits with firmer texture that can withstand the rigors of machine harvesting. The difficulty of duplicating the textural properties of fruits is the principal obstacle to the development of fruit analogs.
Sorption of linear alcohol ethoxylate surfactant homologs to soils

Sorption onto five saturated soils of the homologs within the commercial surfactant mixture Brij 35 (registered trademark of ICI Americas) was investigated. Brij 35 is a mixture of linear ethoxylated alcohols, having an average of 23 ethoxy (EO) groups per molecule and alcohol chain of primarily 12 carbons in length (C ~2H25(OCHzCH2)23OH). In experiments, saturated soils were exposed to various concentrations of the surfactant mixture for specified times, the slurries were centrifuged to separate the phases, the aqueous phases were extracted with 1,2-dichloroethane, and the residual homologs were derivatized with 3,5-dinitrobenzoyl chloride and analyzed by normal phase HPLC. Homologs containing 4-43 EO groups were chromatographically separated at near baseline. At aqueous Brij 35 concentrations below the critical micelle concentration (cmc), the proportion of each homolog sorbed to each of the soils increased with increasing EO chain length through the homologous series. As a result, in experiments where a significant proportion of the surfactant adsorbed, significant shifts in the aqueous phase compositions occurred to mixtures with lower mean EO numbers. A sharp break in the adsorption isotherms occurs at the cmc. ©1997 Elsevier Science B.V.
BDNF-mediated regulation of ethanol consumption requires the activation of the MAP kinase pathway and protein synthesis.

We previously found that the brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the dorsolateral striatum (DLS) is part of a homeostatic pathway that gates ethanol self-administration [Jeanblanc et al. (2009). J Neurosci, 29, 13494–13502)]. Specifically, we showed that moderate levels (10%) of ethanol consumption increase BDNF expression within the DLS, and that direct infusion of BDNF into the DLS decreases operant self-administration of a 10% ethanol solution. BDNF binding to its receptor, TrkB, activates the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), phospholipase C-γ (PLC-γ) and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways. Thus, here, we set out to identify which of these intracellular pathway(s) plays a role in the regulation of ethanol consumption by BDNF. We found that inhibition of the MAPK, but not PLC-γ or PI3K, activity blocks the BDNF-mediated reduction of ethanol consumption. As activation of the MAPK pathway leads to the initiation of transcription and/or translation events, we tested whether the BDNF-mediated reduction of ethanol self-administration requires de novo protein synthesis. We found that the inhibitory effect of BDNF on ethanol intake is blocked by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide. Together, our results show that BDNF attenuates ethanol drinking via activation of the MAPK pathway in a protein synthesis-dependent manner within the DLS.
Osseous reactions to bimetallic couples composed of amalgam and gold implanted in rat tibias

Abstract Small, bimetallic couples were manufactured by condensing dental amalgam against a gold post which had been placed in polyethylene tubing. These devices were placed in rat tibias and osseous reactions were evaluated microscopically up to 112 days after surgery. The low current levels generated by the bimetallic couples used in this study did not affect the healing rate of the surgical osseous defect. Statistical analysis demonstrated that there were equal amounts of bone deposited at the anodes and cathodes of the experimental implants at all time intervals studied. The small currents produced by experimental implants did not interfere with the normal healing process, and the implications of this study in clinical situations are discussed.
Inhibition of monkey liver alcohol dehydrogenase by 4-methylpyrazole☆

Abstract Pyrazole and 4-methylpyrazole competitively inhibited monkey liver alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1), and the Ki value obtained for 4-methylpyrazole (8 μ m ) was one-fourth that of pyrazole. These values for monkey liver ADH were 100–600 times higher than those reported for horse liver ADH. Although hepatic catalase activity is inhibited after treatment of rats with pyrazole, 4-methylpyrazole had no effect on hepatic catalase activity in vivo or in vitro. Since methanol poisoning in the monkey is dependent on its oxidation through alcohol dehydrogenase, 4-methylpyrazole may be a useful adjunct to therapy in the toxicity produced by that alcohol.
Patient acuity: a concept analysis.

Title. Patient acuity: a concept analysis. Aim. This paper is a report of a concept analysis of patient acuity. Background. Patient acuity is a widely-used term in the health sciences literature, but often without specification of its exact meaning. Concept clarification is therefore needed to delineate the meaning of patient acuity. Data sources. A review of the Pubmed, CINAHL, MEDLINE and PsychInfo databases for the keyword ‘acuity’ in the title or abstract of papers in English language journals, as well as searches for the term ‘acuity’ and ‘acute’ in the Merriam-Webster and Oxford English Dictionaries were the data sources for this concept analysis. Papers were excluded if ‘acuity’ was not present in the title or abstract. Publication dates of the literature included in the review ranged from 1974 to 2008. Findings. The attributes of acuity are severity, intensity and the pairing of acuity measurements with another concept. These attributes were organized according to Holzemer’s Outcomes Model for Health Care Research as patient-, provider- or system-related. The sub-categories of attributes identified were physical, psychological, nursing care needs, workload, complexity, case-mix, patient classification systems, urgency/triage scales and other uses. Conclusion. Researchers are encouraged to specify which attribute of acuity they are studying and to develop measurement tools specific to that attribute, in order to move the science towards standardization of the concept of acuity and its measurement.
A THERMODYNAMIC ANALOGY FOR TRANSPORT PROCESSES INVOLVING A NON-POSITIVE DEFINITE TRANSPORTED QUANTITY

Abstract It is shown how the thermodynamic analogy of transport processes, previously established for non-negative definite transported quantities, can be extended to quantities that can become negative
Central Coulomb effects on pion interferometry

Using a simple final-state rescattering model coupled with a simple Coulomb model, the effects of the central Coulomb potential on pion interferometry measurements in 158 GeV/nucleon $\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b}+\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b}$ collisions are explored. Although the central Coulomb potential does not introduce correlations between pions, it does prevent an accurate measurement of the momentum difference. This momentum difference smearing effect leads to a reduction in the measured correlation radii and lambda parameters. These distortions are important in 158 GeV/nucleon $\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b}+\mathrm{P}\mathrm{b}$ collisions because of large source sizes and the strong central Coulomb potential.
Electron paramagnetic resonance study of Al2+ in BeO

When single crystal BeO is X-irradiated at room temperature, paramagnetic centers are formed. These centers are identified by EPR as electrons trapped at Al3+ impurities substitutional for beryllium ions. The g-tensor is cylindrically symmetric with values g∥ = 2.003 and g⊥ = 2.004 with the axis of symmetry along an Al–O bond direction. The hyperfine tensor has the principal values Ax′x′ = 207.6 G, Ay′y′ = 175.7 G, and Az′z′ = 176.6 G. The x′- and z′-directions lie in a plane which contains the polar or c-axis and the Al–O bond direction. The z′-axis makes an angle of 14° with the c-axis. Also, an absorption spectrum in γ-irradiated Thermalox 995, a commercial form of sintered BeO ceramic used in thermally stimulated exoelectron emission radiation dosimeters, is analyzed and shown to be the powder pattern of this aluminum impurity center. Durch Rontgenbestrahlung von BeO-Einkristallen bei Zimmertemperatur bilden sich paramagnetische Zentren, die mit Hilfe von Elektronenspinresonanz als Elektronen identifiziert werden, die an Al3+-Substitutionsverunreinigungen auf Berylliumplatz eingefarsgen werden. Der g-Tensor ist rotationssymmetrisch mit den Werten g∥ = 2,003 und g⊥ = 2,004, wobei die Symmetrieachse in Richtung der Al–O-Bindung liegt. Der Hyperfeintensor hat die Hauptwerte Ax′x′ = 207,6 G, Ay′y′ = 175,7 G, und Az′z′ = 176,6 G. Die x′-und z′-Richtungen liegen in einer Ebene, die die polare oder c-Achse und die Richtung der AlO-Bindung enthalt. Die z′-Achse bildet einen Winkel von 14° mit der c-Achse. Auserdem wurde das Absorptionsspektrum von γ-bestrahltem Thermalox 995, das eine im Handel erhaltliche Form gesinterter BeO-Keramik ist, die in auf thermisch stimulierter Elektronenemission basierenden Strahlendetektoren verwendet wird, analysiert und gezeigt, das es das Spektrum dieser Aluminium-Verunreinigungszcntren in pulverfomigen Proben ist.
Hydrogen-bonded metal-complex sulfonate (MCS) inclusion compounds: effect of the guest molecule on the host framework.

Soft molecular host frameworks made of the hydrogen-bonded metal complex (MC) Co(NH3)63+ and 4,4‘-biphenyldisulfonate (BPDS) include different guest molecules to form inclusion compounds of the type (MC)2(BPDS)3·n(guest). Structurally characterized were six compounds with guest molecules of DMSO, DMF, piperidine, acetone, acetonitrile, and THF. The metal-complex sulfonate frameworks in all of them are of the pillared layer type where the layers are constructed of extensively hydrogen-bonded metal-complex cations and sulfonate (S) anions (and some hydrogen-bonded water) while the organic residues of the 4,4‘-biphenyldisulfonate serve as pillars. The hydrogen-bonded MCS layers and the orientations of the pillars adjust and rearrange in order to generate cavities that would accommodate different guest molecules. The steric, electronic, and hydrogen-bonding needs of the guest molecules mold the soft framework into different structures. These MCS host−guest frameworks are very close structural analogues of the...
Terpenoids, fatty acids and alcohols as source materials for petroleum hydrocarbons

Abstract The evidence that terpenoids and the related steroids are important progenitors of petroleum hydrocarbons is very extensive. Probably well over 95 per cent of the hydrocarbons in petroleum have carbon numbers below 40. Terpenoids in this range are abundantly available among plants and animals, land and marine. By hydrogenation or dehydrogenation, with, in most cases, partial fragmentation of the terpenoid molecules, it is possible to account for most of the structures found in those petroleum hydrocarbons which contain aromatic or cyclohexane rings. Indeed, no other source material can explain in as satisfactory a manner the presence of large amounts of short-chain, principally methyl, substituents on the rings of the “average” 6-membered cyclic hydrocarbon molecule in the gasoline fraction of petroleum. The terpenoids also appear to be the most probable source for the cyclopentanes; these also are rich in methyl substituents. However, the proportion of cyclopentane rings in the terpenoids is not sufficient to account for the relatively large amounts of cyclopentanes found in many petroleums. Thus, it is necessary to assume either that cyclopentane rings are preferentially preserved in some degradation process or that cyclohexane rings are isomerised to give cyclopentane rings. The evidence appears excellent that some of the highly branched alkane hydrocarbons are derived from the acyclic terpenoids. It also appears that the normal paraffins are derived for the most part from the straight chain fatty acids and alcohols. The situation with respect to the slightly branched alkanes is less clear. In most petroleums the monomethylalkanes are nearly as abundant as the normal paraffins. The branched chain constituents of the fatty acids cannot be regarded as a suitable source since the amounts are extremely small. Several alternatives may be suggested: 1. (1) The fatty acids from ancient plant and animal life contained a higher proportion of branched-chain constituents than those of modern times. If this were true, the slightly branchedchain hydrocarbons could be produced in a manner analogous to that of the normal alkanes from the straight-chain acids. 2. (2) The slightly branched-chain alkanes are produced from the acyclic terpenoids by a degradation process which removes most of the methyl branches. 3. (3) The slightly branched-chain alkanes are produced from the straight-chain fatty acids by isomerisation to give chains with methyl branches.
The role of defects in light induced domain inversion in lithium niobate

Using the tightly focussed laser beam within a confocal luminescence microscope we were able to induce electric space charge fields through photoionization of trace defects in lithium niobate. These fields are sufficient to selectively induce domain inversion when a additional external field is applied that is below the regular coercive field. Once a domain is nucleated it grows laterally in a direction that can be dictated by the laser. We studied the presence and the range of the space charge fields utilizing the electro-optical effect and the Stark shifts observed in emission spectra of Er 3 + ions.
An on-chip NBTI monitor for estimating analog circuit degradation

Negative Bias Temperature Instability (NBTI) degrades the life-time of both the analog and digital circuits significantly and has become a major concern in nanoscale regime. In analog circuits, the DC biasing voltage is always present irrespective of the input signal. Therefore, coupled with high operating temperature (due to digital switching and high packaging density of SoC) and constant DC bias there would be continuous NBTI stress in analog circuits with minor or almost no recovery. Moreover, mismatch and input referred offset voltage caused by NBTI in differential pairs, current sources and cascode stages can cause instantaneous failure or catastrophic failure after certain time period. The problem of NBTI is usually addressed by leaving large design margins or employing adaptive body bias/adaptive voltage scaling based calibration algorithms using on-chip sensors or monitors. We present an ultra low power and small area on-chip NBTI sensor which can be used for accurately sensing the NBTI degradation in analog circuits. We have shown that the temporal degradation in threshold voltage of pMOS transistor in analog circuits has high correlation to the variation of reference voltage of our NBTI sensor which can be exploited for accurate calibration of analog circuits. Measurement results are also provided for the proposed sensor fabricated in commercially available 65nm process.
Interactions of Fluoroquinolones with Other Drugs: Mechanisms, Variability, Clinical Significance, and Management

Several important interactions of fluoroquinolones with other drugs have been reported in the literature. The absorption of all fluoroquinolones is almost entirely inhibited by concomitant administration of di- and trivalent cations, such as aluminum and magnesium contained in antacids. The inhibition of absorption can be significant and can potentially lead to the failure of treatment, even when fluoroquinolone doses are separated from antacid doses by hours. Certain isozymes of the cytochrome P-450 system are selectively inhibited by some fluoroquinolones. The metabolism of theophylline and caffeine is inhibited by enoxacin and ciprofloxacin such that the dosage of theophylline may need to be reduced in order to avoid toxicity. In contrast, ofloxacin and norfloxacin cause less inhibition of the metabolism of these compounds, and reduction of the theophylline dosage is not routinely required. Evidence regarding the effect of fluoroquinolones on the disposition of other drugs known to be metabolized, such as warfarin and cyclosporine, is inconclusive. In summary, the safe and effective use of fluoroquinolone antibiotics requires careful consideration of concomitant drug therapy.
A frequency analysis of behavior components of the serotonin syndrome produced by p-chloroamphetamine

A time-sampling frequency analysis was made of criterion behaviors following injection of 2.5--10 mg/kg dosages of p-chloroamphetamine (PCA). Stereotypic behaviors (forepaw treading, circling, head weaving and inching) increased with increasing dosages and normal behaviors (grooming, rearing, and instances of inactivity) decreased. Composite scores of stereotypic behavior were a positive, linear function of PCA dosage. Composite scores of normal behavior showed near maximal inhibition at 5 mg/kg. Splayed hindlimbs is a reliable and sensitive indicator of PCA action, but vocalization, tremors, diarrhea and autonomic signs are not. Preinjection of PCA strongly attenuated the PCA-induec syndrome, as expected, since the preinjection should deplete brain serotonin and reduce the amount released by the second PCA injection.
Influence of Contraction Mismatch and Cooling Rate on Flexural Failure of PFM Systems

The interactive influence of cooling rate and the sign and magnitude of thermal contraction difference between metals and ceramic veneers on bond strength have not been extensively analyzed, although numerous bond-test studies have been reported during the past two decades. A previous analytical study of residual incompatibility stress in bond-test specimens indicated that bond strength values may be of relatively little value if the residual stress state of the metal-ceramic specimens is not considered. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of cooling rate and contraction mismatch on the flexural failure resistance of metal opaque-porcelain strips. Specimens were subjected to four-point loading in an Instron testing machine until crack initiation occurred at the metal-ceramic interface. The residual stress states in the ceramic region were estimated from finite element stress analyses of the bond-test specimens by use of dilatometry data obtained at the cooling rate of 3 degrees C/min. The total stress induced from the residual stress and the applied flexural load was also determined for these specimens. Statistical analyses of the experimental data revealed that the slowly cooled specimens exhibited a significantly lower (p < 0.05) flexural strength compared with rapidly cooled specimens. Regardless of the cooling technique, metal-ceramic specimens with a negative thermal contraction difference (alpha m - alpha p < 0) failed at significantly lower (p < 0.05) flexural loads than did specimens with a positive thermal contraction difference.
A standard form variant, and safeguarded linesearch, for the modified Karmarkar algorithm

In his original analysis of the projective algorithm for linear programming, Karmarkar proposed a “modified method” which improved the worst-case arithmetic complexity of the original algorithm by a factor of $$\sqrt n $$ . Karmarkar's analysis of the $$\sqrt n $$ improvement is based on a primal-dual formulation, and requires that small steps be taken on each iteration. However, in practice the original algorithm can be easily applied to standard form problems, and is considerably improved by performing a linesearch on each iteration, generally leading to much larger steps. We show here that by incorporating a simple safeguard, a linesearch may be performed in the modified algorithm while retaining the $$\sqrt n $$ complexity improvement over the original algorithm. We then show that the modified algorithm, with safeguarded linesearch, can be applied directly to a standard form linear program with unknown optimal objective value. The resulting algorithm enjoys a $$\sqrt n $$ complexity advantage over standard form variants of the original algorithm.
Complementing software pipelining with software thread integration

Software pipelining is a critical optimization for producing efficient code for VLIW/EPIC and superscalar processors in high-performance embedded applications such as digital signal processing. Software thread integration (STI) can often improve the performance of looping code in cases where software pipelining performs poorly or fails. This paper examines both situations, presenting methods to determine what and when to integrate.We evaluate our methods on C-language image and digital signal processing libraries and synthetic loop kernels. We compile them for a very long instruction word (VLIW) digital signal processor (DSP) -- the Texas Instruments (TI) C64x architecture. Loops which benefit little from software pipelining (SWP-Poor) speed up by 26% (harmonic mean, HM). Loops for which software pipelining fails (SWP-Fail) due to conditionals and calls speed up by 16% (HM). Combining SWP-Good and SWP-Poor loops leads to a speedup of 55% (HM).
Polymers from vinyl fluoride

The free-radical polymerization of vinyl fluoride has been studied with the use of organic peroxide and azo initiators over the temperature range of 60–150°C. and at pressures of 75–1000 atm. Molecular weights of the polymers by osmotic pressure or radiotracer techniques were found to vary over the range of 45,000 to 180,000 depending on polymerization conditions employed. Stabilized high molecular weight polyvinyl fluoride may be compression-molded into tough, high-impact strength bars, or the unstabilized material may be cast into films from solvents such as dimethylformamide. The films, which may be cold drawn, are tough, brilliantly clear, and have tensile strengths near 8000 lb./in.2 They are also extremely resistant to weathering, maintaining clarity and cold drawability even after ten years' exposure in Florida.
Mispredicting the hedonic benefits of segregated gains

The hedonic benefit of a gain (e.g., receiving $100) may be increased by segregating it into smaller unitsthat are distributed over time (e.g., receiving $50 on each of 2 days). However, if these units are too small(e.g., receiving 1¢ on each of 10,000 days), they may fall beneath the persons hedonic limen and haveno hedonic benefit at all. Do people know where their limens lie? In 6 experiments, participants predictedthat the hedonic benefit of a large gain would be increased by segregating it into smaller units, and theywere right; but participants also predicted that the hedonic benefit of a small gain would be increased bysegregating it into smaller units, and they were wrong. Segregation of small gains decreased rather thanincreased hedonic benefit. These experiments suggest that people may underestimate the value of thehedonic limen and thus may oversegregate small gains.Keywords: affective forecasting, diminishing marginal utility, happiness, judgment, decision makingIts not money that brings happiness. Its lots of money.Russian proverb
The Retreat from Precaution: Regulating Diethylstilbestrol (DES), Endocrine Disruptors, and Environmental Health

AbstractRates of intersexuality, reproductive cancers, and infertility appear to be increasing. Many researchers suspect that a key role is played by endocrine disruptors—the industrial pollutants ...
On the Nature of the Neurotrophic Phenomenon in Urodele Limb Regeneration

The nervous control of regeneration of body parts in the urodele amphibian and other animals has been one of the best model systems for the study of the neurotrophic phenomenon. In the past most of these studies were experimental morphological, but recently the salient problems on the nature of the cellular response to the neurotrophic agent and the nature of the nervous agent itself are also analyzed molecularly. The ensemble of studies reviewed in the present work, which also show that the agent of the nerve is a peptide and defines aspects of its effect on molecular synthesis in regenerate cells, leads me to advance the following theories. I propose that the neurotrophic agent affects only the rate of ongoing events in the cell and not the quality and kind of the events; that the events are already indigenous to the responding cells; that alteration in therate of events, for example increasing the rate of molecular syntheses, yields an increased cell population which by its size and increased cellular interactions has formative and differentiated capabilities which do not exist in a smaller cell population; and finally that the neurotrophic factor (NTF) is one of many “conversational” peptides including nervegrowth factor (NGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) which function to alter the absolute rate of ongoing cellular events.
COLD LYMPHOCYTOTOXINS: AN IMPORTANT CAUSE OF ACUTE TUBULAR NECROSIS OCCURRING IMMEDIATELY AFTER TRANSPLANTATION

Abstract Cold-reactive lymphocytotoxins, present in some renal-transplant recipients, may be an important cause of the acute tubular necrosis (ATN) that commonly occurs immediately after transplantation. In a study of transplantation of optimally preserved cadaveric kidneys obtained from heart-beating donors, ATN was found in 10 of 17 recipients with cold antibodies and in only 1 of 21 recipients without such antibodies. Warming of the allograft after completion of anastomosis significantly reduced the incidence of ATN to 18% in recipients with cold antibodies. When pairs of recipients with cold antibodies were transplanted with identically preserved cadaveric kidneys from single donors ATN was observed only in recipients whose donor kidney was not warmed. ATN may result from antibody-mediated damage to vascular endothelial cells during the brief period when the recipient's blood starts flowing into a "cold" allograft.
Comments concerning ‘study of molecular interaction in binary liquid mixtures of ethyl acetoacetate with chloroform and dimethylsulphoxide using excess acoustic parameters and spectroscopic methods’

The measured excess molar volume data in the recently published paper for the binary chloroform + ethyl acetoacetate system are shown to differ significantly from previously published data. Excess adiabatic compressibilities reported in the paper are shown to be calculated from an incorrect thermodynamic expression.
Twenty-four Hour Response to Androgens in the Immature Male Rat.

SummaryTwenty-four hours after the administration of testosterone propionate to the immature male rat there is an increase in the weights of the prostate and seminal vesicle. This weight increment is proportional to the dosage used.
Displacing blame over the ingroup's harming of a disadvantaged group can fuel moral outrage at a third-party scapegoat

Abstract Integrating research on intergroup emotions and scapegoating, we propose that moral outrage toward an outgroup perceived to be unjustly harming another outgroup can represent a motivated displacement of blame that reduces collective guilt over ingroup harm-doing. We tested this hypothesis by manipulating the purported cause of working-class Americans' suffering (ingroup cause vs. unknown cause vs. outgroup cause) and whether a potential scapegoat target (i.e., illegal immigrants) was portrayed as a viable or nonviable alternative source of this harm. Supporting hypotheses, participants primed with ingroup culpability for working-class harm (versus other sources) reported increased moral outrage and support for retributive action toward immigrants when immigrants were portrayed as a viable source of that harm, but reported increased collective guilt and support for reparative action when immigrants were portrayed as a nonviable source of that harm. Effects on retributive and reparative action were differentially mediated by moral outrage and collective guilt, respectively.
Photonic amorphous silicon device technology

Optically smooth hot-wire deposited films were characterized with respect to the photonic application by examination of the slab wave guiding of the room temperature bulk photoluminescence. Films displayed strong photoluminescence as well as strong slab wave guiding of the light to the edge. These properties are consistent with materials suitable for photonic engineering. Waveguide structures were prepared using previously described hydrogen implantation techniques and tested using novel methods. We report the first successful demonstration of refractive index engineered amorphous silicon devices.
Conversational Space and Participant Shame in Interviewing

In this article, the author presents a “failed” interview that seemingly provided no usable data. The audiotape segments of participant talk were nearly inaudible and most of the interview could not be transcribed. Upon repeated readings of salvageable fragments, however, a pattern of silencing became noticeable. The author suggests that participant silence is a collaboratively produced constraint stemming from an unsuccessful subtextual negotiation about the linguistic environment of the interview. She explores the phenomenon of participant shame and the role of the researcher in expanding conversational space to allow for the expression of shameful storylines. Current notions of what is “sensitive” research unduly limit researcher's understandings of the collaborative and fragile nature of the interview setting. Research on any topic may turn sensitive if the participant's story includes elements that are potentially distressing and necessary to the storyline. Means for recognizing and accommodating par...
Primary registry of the WHO International Clinical Trial Registry Platform: Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS)

92 국내 임상연구등록시스템 구축 배경과 활성화 방안 J Korean Med Assoc 2011 January; 54(1): 92-97 c Korean Medical Association This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons. org/licenses/by-nc/3.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Special Contribution
Acute renal failure outcomes in children and adults

Acute renal failure (ARF) in hospitalized patients remains associated with significant morbidity and mortality. Most reports have detailed the in-hospital outcomes in ARF patients. This commentary focuses on the outcomes (including quality of life) of ARF patients, both adults and children, after discharge from the hospital.
Open Source Deployment at the City and County of San Francisco: From Cost Reduction to Rapid Innovation

Many IS/IT departments today are under severe cost-cutting pressure, with frustrated users and a technical staff subject to the constant threat of outsourcing and layoffs. This case study reports on early experiences with deploying innovative new business applications using open source software at the City and County of San Francisco. While open source adoption research has focused on infrastructure and cost reduction, will the larger organizational impact of open source come from rapid innovation that cuts through resource constraints and complex IT management politics? Early evidence from this case study suggests that systems based on open source platforms are perceived as being developed and deployed in record time, at little cost, while increasing the skills and importance of locally-employed IT talent. By examining the early stages of three projects that have pleasantly surprised users, management, and technical staff, we will suggest how open source enterprise deployments might become a significant force in organizational IT.
Fractionation of chemical elements including the REEs and 226Ra in stream contaminated with coal-mine effluent

Abstract Water draining from abandoned open-pit coal mines in southeastern Ohio typically has a low pH and high concentrations of Fe, Al and Mn, as well as of trace metals (Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni, Co, etc.) and of the rare earth elements (REEs). The cations of different elements are sorbed selectively by Fe and Al hydroxide precipitates which form with increasing pH. As a result, the trace elements are separated from each other when the hydroxide precipitates are deposited in the channel of a flowing stream. Therefore, the low-energy environment of a stream contaminated by mine effluent is a favorable site for the chemical fractionation of the REEs and of other groups of elements with similar chemical properties. The interpretation of chemical analyses of water collected along a 30-km-stretch of Rush Creek near the town of New Lexington, Perry County, Ohio, indicates that the abundances of the REEs in the water appear to change downstream when they are normalized to the REE concentrations of the mine effluent. In addition, the Ce/La ratios (and those of all REEs) in the water decrease consistently downstream. The evidence indicates that the REEs which remain in solution are enriched La and Ce because the other REEs are sorbed more efficiently. The solid Fe(OH)3 precipitates in the channel of Rush Creek upstream of New Lexington also contain radioactive 226Ra that was sorbed from the water. This isotope of Ra is a decay product of 238U which occurs in the Middle Pennsylvanian (Upper Carboniferous) coal and in the associated shale of southeastern Ohio. The activity of 226Ra of the Fe(OH)3 precipitates increases with rising pH, but then declines farther downstream as the concentration of Ra remaining in the water decreases.
Developmental Effects of Infant Care: The Mediating Role of Gender and Health

This research used the 1986 merged child-mother data file from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth to explore how various forms of infant care in a child's first year were linked with scores at ages 1–4 on the Memory for Location, Motor and Social Development, and Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test measures. The extent to which these linkings were mediated by an infant's health and gender was examined and important distinctions were noted. In particular, healthy infant girls received some cognitive advantage by being cared for extensively by caretakers other than their mother during infancy, whereas infant boys with health problems gained socioemotionally by spending more time with their mothers. More generally, it was concluded that usually, the average young child's ability to cope intellectually and socioemotionally (as measured on the above scales) is not affected in major ways either positively or negatively by the generic nature of his or her child care arrangement.
The Humane Neonatal Care Initiative.

The report about the “Human Neonatal Care Initiative” by Professor Adick Levin from Estonia reminds us that medical care innovation did not disappear during the years of Soviet rule. More importantly the ideas and programs developed by Professor Levin parallel humanizing efforts by family-focused neonatologists around the world. Hopefully these ideas will stimulate all neonatologists to review critically their policies for parents and siblings and consider how to make the 11 step changes Dr Levin recommends to keep all mothers with their newborns and involved in their care. In 1979 a special facility with 35 beds for preterm infants (<37 wk gestation) and 35 beds for sick and malformed full-term infants was started in Tallinn. (excerpt)
Effectiveness of ERCP in cholangitis: a community-based study.

Abstract Background: Although experts have demonstrated the efficacy of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) in cholangitis, the effectiveness of ERCP in unselected patients has not been measured. The aim was to investigate the clinical impact of ERCP performed at any time and of early ERCP (within 24 hours of admission) in patients with a primary discharge diagnosis of cholangitis. Methods: A retrospective record review of patients admitted to eight area hospitals with an International Classification of Diseases (ICD)-9 diagnosis consistent with cholangitis was performed. Extracted data included clinical characteristics, ERCP findings, and patient outcome. The associations of ERCP overall and early ERCP with length of stay were examined. Confounding factors including severity of illness, etiology of cholangitis, and hospital type were adjusted for in a multivariate analysis. Results: A total of 116 patients were studied. ERCP was performed in 71 patients with endoscopic therapy administered in 57 (80%). ERCP overall was not associated with any change in length of hospital stay. However, compared with other invasive biliary procedures, ERCP was associated with a shorter hospital stay (median 5 vs. 9.5 days, p = 0.01) and a 36% (95% CI [5%, 57%]) reduction in severity-adjusted length of stay. Patients who had early ERCP had a significantly shorter hospital stay than those who had delayed ERCP (median 4 vs. 7 days, p Conclusion: Early ERCP may be an effective strategy for shortening the length of stay in patients hospitalized with cholangitis. (Gastrointest Endosc 2000;52:484-9.)
Abstract 3843: Design of a novel three-dimensional biomimetic nano bone model for breast cancer bone metastasis and therapeutics discovery.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death in American women, accounting for more than 200,000 new cases and 40,000 deaths annually. Most breast cancer patients will eventually develop complications due to bone metastasis. However, the mechanisms by which breast cancer metastasizes to bone are not well investigated. Traditional tumor metastasis models contain many inherent limitations. Therefore, the objective of this research is to design an innovative biomimetic 3D tissue engineered in vitro bone model via hydroxyapatites (HA), human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) and natural chitosan hydrogel for breast cancer metastasis study and therapeutics discovery. 3D porous HA-chitosan scaffolds with different crystalline, size and concentration of HA (specifically, 10% and 20% nanocrystalline HA, microcrystalline HA and amorphous HA) were fabricated via a lyophilization procedure. Metastasis breast cancer cells MDA-MB-231 were seeded on all scaffolds and cultured for 4h, 1, 3 and 5 days. The cell adhesion and proliferation results showed that concentration, size and crystallinity of HA have a significant impact on metastasis breast cancer cell behavior. 10% nanocrystalline HA can significantly enhance breast cancer cell attachment when compared to all of other HA. Considering natural bone also consisting of nanocrystalline HA, 10% synthesized nanocrystalline HA in porous chitosan scaffold can create a more biomimetic bone environment for breast cancer bone metastasis study. Furthermore, our bone model was further modified by inducing hMSC osteogenic differentiation in the scaffold resulting in deposition of bioactive protein and calcium by MSC. SEM images of the MSC modified scaffolds revealed that protein and calcium were deposited on both its surface and inner architecture. Two different metastatic breast cancer cells with different metastasis potential (less metastatic MCF-7 and highly metastatic MDA-MB-231) were evaluated in this modified bone model in vitro. The results showed that MDA-MB-231 expanded faster than MCF-7 in the scaffold after 24h culture. Confocal microscopy was used to verify two cells metastasis ability and showed that MDA-MB-231 could migrate deeper in this modified bone model compared to MCF-7. Our results revealed that this model can well reflect the two different metastasis behaviors, making this biomimetic 3D tissue engineered nano bone model promising for future breast cancer cell metastasis study and therapeutics discovery. Citation Format: Mian Wang, Sidney W. Fu, Lijie Zhang. Design of a novel three-dimensional biomimetic nano bone model for breast cancer bone metastasis and therapeutics discovery. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3843. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-3843
Endogenous and exogenous nitric oxide in the pedunculopontine tegmentum induces sleep

Mesopontine cholinergic cells in the pedunculopontine tegmental (PPT) nuclei modulate the control of the wake-sleep cycle by releasing acetylcholine to their target structures. These cells also synthesize nitric oxide (NO) which diffuses into the extracellular space and acts as a neuronal messenger. The present study is based on the hypothesis that NO synthesis and its presence in the extracellular space in the PPT play a functional role in regulating the behavioral states of waking and sleep. This hypothesis was tested by microinjecting a control vehicle, NO donor, S-Nitroso-N-acetyl-penicillamine (SNAP) and a competitive inhibitor of NO synthase enzyme (NOS), NG-Nitro-L-arginine methylester hydrochloride (L-NAME) into the PPT while quantifying the effects on wakefulness and sleep. Six cats were implanted with bilateral guide tubes for PPT microinjection and with standard electrodes to measure waking, slow-wave sleep (SWS), and rapid eye movement (REM) sleep. Five-hour free-moving polygraphic recordings were made following each microinjection (0.25 μl) of control saline, SNAP or L-NAME. Following microinjection of SNAP into the cholinergic cell compartments of the PPT, SWS and REM sleep were increased by 41.65% and 72.10% respectively, compared to the control microinjection. Microinjection of L-NAME reduced SWS and REM sleep by 40.33% and 62.05%, respectively, compared to controls. The present results demonstrate that endogenous NO synthesized within the PPT cholinergic cells functions as a paracrine signal in the control of waking and sleep by modulating local cholinergic cells. Synapse 27:69–78, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Highly-accelerated first-pass cardiac perfusion MRI using compressed sensing and parallel imaging

Introduction Robust implementation of first-pass cardiac perfusion MRI for clinical use can be particularly challenging due to competing constraints of spatial and temporal resolution, and spatial coverage [1]. k-t SENSE [2] can be used to achieve high accelerations, but dynamic training data are required which reduces the effective acceleration rate. An alternative acceleration technique is compressed sensing (CS) [3], where spatial and temporal correlations result in sparsity of image series content, which may in turn be exploited to achieve high levels of undersampling without losing image information. We have recently presented the combination of compressed sensing and parallel imaging (JOCS: JOint-CS [4]) to increase the acceleration rate of CS alone. In this work, we demonstrate first-pass cardiac perfusion MRI with whole-heart coverage and high spatial and temporal resolution using the JOCS technique.
Energetics and structures of fullerene crop circles

Abstract The energetics and structures of carbon tori are studied using molecular simulation. They include circular and polygonal tori, formed by bending ( n , n ) tubes and by joining ( n , n ) and ( n +1, n −1) or ( n +2, n −2) tubes with pentagon–heptagon defects, respectively, in which n =5, 8 and 10. The strain energy of a circular and polygonal torus decreases by D −2 and D −1 , respectively, where D is the torus diameter. Comparisons in average and local maximum strain suggest that defect-free circular tori are more energetically stable and kinetically accessible than defective polygonal tori. This confirms the hypothesis that circular tori are the predominant constituents of the observed fullerene crop circles in laser-grown single-wall carbon nanotubes.
Biological consequences of PDT: tying up the loose ends

While many of the determinants of photodynamic tumor eradication have been identified, the story is not yet complete. Fluorescent probes for reactive oxygen species (ROS) are seldom specific, and the role of different ROS in apoptosis vs. autophagy are not fully delineated. Moreover, the conflicting roles of autophagy as both a death and a survival pathway remain to be explained. Most tissue-culture studies are carried out in 20% oxygen although this is far in excess of the environment of malignant cells in vivo. And while apoptotic and/or autophagic death appears to account for the lethal effects of PDT, an effect on membrane recycling has now been identified. In this report, we summarize some recent experiments designed to examine the specificity of fluorescent ROS probes. We also demonstrate the ability of hydrogen peroxide to accelerate the autophagic response to PDT in an adhering cell line, the 1c1c7 murine hepatoma. In this cell line, autophagy appears to be a pro-survival mechanism since a sub-line (KD) depleted in a critical autophagy protein (atg7) was more responsive to PDT than wild-type (WT) cells. There are clearly multiple determinants of direct tumor cell kill by PDT that depend on the PDT target, the ROS produced and phenotypic variations.
Teaching Oral Communication: A Methodological Framework

Introduction. Part I: Language: 1. Using Language for Communication. 2. Meaning and Interaction. Part II: Learning: 3. Learning Language as a Skill. 4. Language Learning as a Natural Process. 5. Integrating Skill Learning and Natural Learning. Part III: Teaching: 6. A Methodological Framework for Teaching Oral Communication. 7. Involving the Learners. Conclusion. Reference.