cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hyperfine-Enhanced Magnetic Ordering in Singlet-Ground-State Systems

It is shown that in systems with single-electronic ground states the simultaneous diagonalization of a hyperfine, as well as an exchange interaction, gives rise to an interference between these two effects which has important consequences on the properties of such a system. It is found, for example, that long-range order is now possible for values of the exchange below that previously thought necessary. Calculations are presented for the magnetic moment, heat capacity, susceptibility, and collective modes for a system involving praseodymium.
Pilot study of oral polymeric N-acetyl-d-glucosamine as a potential treatment for patients with osteoarthritis

Glucosamine and its derivatives, such as glucosamine sulfate and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (NAG), have been shown to be effective in the treatment of patients with osteoarthritis. Unfortunately, the half-life of glucosamine in the blood is relatively short; therefore, a sustained-release form of the compound would be highly desirable. The purpose of this pilot study was to determine whether the polymeric form of NAG (POLY-Nag) could provide a longer-lasting oral source of NAG. Ten healthy subjects each ingested 1 g/d of either NAG or POLY-Nag for 3 days. After a 4-day washout period, each subject was crossed over to receive the other compound for 3 days. Serum samples were collected and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography. Results show that orally ingested NAG and POLY-Nag are absorbed, resulting in increased serum levels of NAG, and POLY-Nag appears to be at least as effective as NAG. Serum levels of NAG had decreased by 48 hours after cessation of ingestion of NAG or POLY-Nag but were still above baseline levels. Increases in serum glucosamine levels indicate that NAG and POLY-Nag are converted to glucosamine in vivo. In conclusion, POLY-Nag may provide a source of serum glucosamine for treatment of patients with osteoarthritis. Longer and more rigorous pharmaco-kinetic and clinical studies need to be done.
Field Theoretic Study of Bilayer Membrane Fusion III: Membranes with Leaves of Different Composition

We extend previous work on homogeneous bilayers to calculate the barriers to fusion of planar bilayers that contain two different amphiphiles, a lamellar former and a hexagonal former, with different compositions of the two in each leaf. Self-consistent field theory is employed, and both standard and alternative pathways are explored. We first calculate these barriers as the amount of hexagonal former is increased equally in both leaves to levels appropriate to the plasma membrane of human red blood cells. We follow these barriers as the composition of hexagonal formers is then increased in the cis layer and decreased in the trans layer, again to an extent comparable to the biological system. We find that, while the fusion pathway exhibits two barriers in both the standard and alternative pathways, in both cases the magnitudes of these barriers are comparable to one another, and small, on the order of 13 kBT. As a consequence, one expects that once the bilayers are brought sufficiently close to one another to initiate the process, fusion should occur rapidly.
Structural characterization of CaO-B2O3-Al2O3-SiO2 xerogels and glasses

Calcium boroaluminosilicate xerogels and glasses with an E-glass composition were synthesized using metal alkoxides and metal salt as precursors. Structural evolution during the gel-to-glass transition was monitored by FTIR and NMR spectroscopies. Kramers-Kronig analysis was performed on the FTIR specular reflectance data to yield the e 2 and Im(−1/e) spectra for the xerogels and the glass. A xerogel treated at 600°C exhibits distinct structural characteristics relative to the glass. A significantly higher concentration of B IV is present in the xerogel due to the large amount of surface boranol groups. Another unique feature of this xerogel is revealed by a red-shift in the high-frequency LO mode of the Si-O stretching vibration relative to the dense glass. This shift is attributed to a surface mode in the vibrational spectrum which is a consequence of the high surface area and the particulate structure of the xerogel. A xerogel treated at 710°C has FTIR and NMR spectra that are similar to the dense glass. Thus, the bulk network structure of the glass is present in the 710°C xerogel. A higher surface area (∼ 40 m 2 /g) and concentration of isolated surface Si-OH and B-OH groups distinguish it from the dense glass. An important conclusion of this study is that the only fundamental difference between the 710°C xerogel and the glass is the surface of the xerogel. In this sense, monolithic xerogels can provide convenient substrates for studying the surface chemistry of multicomponent glasses.
Should metformin be preferred over insulin therapy in the management of gestational diabetes (GDM)

Commentary on: Barrett HL, Gatford KL, Houda CM, et al. Maternal and neonatal circulating markers of metabolic and cardiovascular risk in the Metformin in Gestational Diabetes (MIG) trial: Responses to maternal metformin versus insulin treatment. Diabetes Care 2013;36:529–36.[OpenUrl][1][Abstract/FREE Full Text][2] In this ancillary study of the Metformin in Gestational Diabetes (MiG) Trial, a prospective, randomised, multicentre trial in New Zealand and Australia, the investigators compare several circulating markers of metabolic risk in women with gestational diabetes (GDM) and in the cord blood of their offspring, to determine the differences between those treated with metformin or insulin during pregnancy. In 236 metformin-treated and 242 insulin-treated women, fasting glucose, lipids, triglycerides (TGs), high-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and C reactive protein (CRP) were measured at randomisation (20–33 weeks’ gestation), at 36 weeks and at 6–8 weeks postpartum, as well as in cord blood. Treatment-group differences … [1]: {openurl}?query=rft.jtitle%253DDiabetes%2BCare%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Adoi%252F10.2337%252Fdc12-1097%26rft_id%253Dinfo%253Apmid%252F23048188%26rft.genre%253Darticle%26rft_val_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Ajournal%26ctx_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ver%253DZ39.88-2004%26url_ctx_fmt%253Dinfo%253Aofi%252Ffmt%253Akev%253Amtx%253Actx [2]: /lookup/ijlink?linkType=ABST&journalCode=diacare&resid=36/3/529&atom=%2Febmed%2F18%2F6%2Fe60.atom
Expert testimony by neuropsychologists: Addendum to Schwartz and Satz

Abstract Three recent appellate court decisions in Illinois affirming the admissibility of testimony by psychologists on brain impairment are discussed in light of two recent reviews in TCN of cases in Florida and North Carolina restricting such testimony. A brief presentation on Federal guidelines regarding expert testimony is followed by a discussion of the implications of these contradictory rulings across jurisdictions for clinical practice.
API Tests for RAM Chips

With 16K RAM chips already in commercial use and 64K RAM chips being planned, the increasing length of time needed to run test patterns could lead to cost increases that would offset the advantages of the larger devices. For example, many existing tests of the important pattern-sensitive-fault class, such as galloping 0's and 1's,* require a test length proportional to the square of the number of bits in the RAM chip.1-4Clearly, the time consumed by such tests looms as a major component in the overall costs of chip production.
Evidence for a Decrease in Basilar Dendrites of Pyramidal Cells in Schizophrenic Medial Prefrontal Cortex

A variety of lines of converging evidence implicates the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in schizophrenia. Previous neuroanatomical studies have shown schizophrenia-associated changes in neuron density, soma size and spine number. We recently demonstrated a schizophrenia-associated decrease in microtubule-associated protein 2 (MAP2) immunostaining in laminae III and V of medial prefrontal area 32 and interpreted that finding as suggestive of a loss of dendritic material. We now present data from medial prefrontal area 32 of 11 schizophrenics and 11 comparison subjects. In Golgi-stained material, we describe a significant decrease in the number of both primary (29%) and secondary (46%) basilar dendrites on pyramidal neurons in layer V. Similarly, in layer III there was also a decrease in both primary (17%) and secondary (15%) basilar dendrites. These findings suggest a decrease in synaptic surface area which could lead to aberrant information processing.
Organogenesis in leafy spurge (Euphorbia esula L.)

All parts of leafy spurge seedlings can be regenerated when isolated and placed onto B5 medium. One-centimeter isolated hypocotyl segments were tested successfully for their usefulness as a bioassay system by comparing the response of auxins, herbicides, and cytokinins. Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) was the most effective auxin to stimulate root formation. IAA was effective whether the hypocotyl segments remained on the same medium up to 60 days, or the segments were transferred to basal media after 2 or 5 days (pulse treatment). Pulse treatments with the other auxins resulted in stimulation of root formation; continuous or 5-day pulses of higher concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid,α-naphthaleneacetic acid and especially 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid and picloram formed excessive callus instead of roots. Picloram did not stimulate root formation, whether the treatment was continuous or pulse-treated. No roots formed with continuous picloram at 0.1 mg/liter or greater, but transfer to basal media did result in root and shoot formation at about 50% of the number formed on the controls. Lesser picloram concentrations had no effect. Shoots formed readily on untreated (control) segments, but continuous treatment with all three cytokinins, kinetin, zeatin, and zeatin riboside, increased the numbers of shoots about equally. Root formation was inhibited by the cytokinins at the higher concentrations (0.1 to 0.2 mg/liter). With the exception of a 5-day pulse of 0.04 mg/liter IAA, the auxins did not stimulate shoot formation, but generally inhibited shoot formation, even in pulse-treated cultures.
Biological activity of a synthetic decapeptide corresponding to the proposed growth hormone-releasing hormone.

Le decapeptide synthetique Val-His-Leu-Ser-Ala-Glu-Glu-Lys-Glu-Ala, dont la structure correspond a celle proposee pour la hormone hypothalamique de liberation de l'hormone de croissance hypophysaire (GH-RH) a ete etudie in vitro pour controler l'activite de la GH-RH. Le decapeptide synthetique a stimule la secretion de l'hormone GH comme on a pu le constater par des dosages biologiques. L'utilisation du systeme radioimmunologique pour le dosage de la GH n'a pas fait apparaitre cette augmentation de decharge de GH dans l'hypophyse, en presence de la GH-RH d'origine naturelle ou du decapeptide synthetique.
Fibrinolytic therapy for femoral arterial thrombosis after cardiac catheterization in infants and children

The charts of 79 patients who required femoral arterial (FA) thrombectomy after cardiac catheterization were reviewed. Fifteen patients (19%) had poor pulses after thrombectomy and 2 had an extremity amputated. One thousand consecutive patients undergoing cardiac catheterization were also studied to prospectively determine the safety and efficacy of systemic fibrinolytic therapy for treatment of FA thrombosis. Among these, 771 patients underwent retrograde arterial catheterization, including 31 patients with left-sided obstructive lesions who had undergone transarterial balloon dilation procedures with large catheters. All patients were given heparin at the time of arterial cannulation. Patients who had a pulseless extremity 4 hours after catheterization continued to receive heparin therapy for 24 to 48 hours. If the extremity continued to have no palpable pulse and the systolic blood pressure was less than 50% of that in the contralateral leg, intravenous streptokinase infusion was begun. The overall incidence of FA thrombosis was 3.6% (28 of 771), including 39% (12 of 31) of all patients undergoing transarterial balloon dilation procedures; 97% (27 of 28) of patients weighed less than 14 kg and the majority weighed less than 10 kg. After an average treatment period of 33 hours, 16 patients continued to have a pulseless extremity and were treated with streptokinase for an average duration of 13 hours. Normal pulses and systolic blood pressure returned in 14 (88%) and were nearly normal in 1 other patient (6%). The incidence of bleeding at the arterial puncture site was 25% and was highest in the patients who had a transarterial balloon dilation procedure. No serious complications occurred.
ASTM INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS FOR ARTISTS’ MATERIALS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON MODERN PAINTS

Since 1980, the American Society for Testing and Materials has published 14 standards for the quality, performance and health labeling of artists’ paints and related materials. This paper examines the impact these published standards have had on the users and producers of these materials: artists, conservators and manufacturers. One of the most significant effects has been on the methods used to assess and report on the light-fastness of colorants used in artists’ materials, and the resulting changes in product labeling. As a consequence of the work of members of ASTM DO 1.57, the Subcommittee on Artists’ Paints and Related Materials, there has been an increase in the amount of information freely available to all users worldwide. ASTM DO 1.57 has concentrated for more than 25 years on traditional artists’ paints, but has recently shifted its focus to less traditional materials: colored pencils, pastels, digital imagery and photographic materials.
Differential 5S RNA gene expression in vitro

In extracts derived from activated eggs of Xenopus, oocyte 5S RNA gene transcription complexes are destabilized under conditions where somatic 5S RNA gene transcription complexes are stable. Trans-acting factors in destabilized complexes are in equilibrium with free factors in the extract, and thus transcription becomes dependent upon the concentration of the limiting factor in the extract. By reducing TFIIIA, a limiting factor in the egg extract, a cloned somatic 5S RNA gene is transcribed as much as 400-fold more efficiently than a cloned oocyte 5S RNA gene.
On the girth of Hamiltonian weakly pancyclic graphs

A graph is called weakly pancyclic if it contains cycles of all lengths between its girth and circumference. In answer to a question of Erdos, we show that a Hamiltonian weakly-pancyclic graph of order n can have girth as large as about . In contrast to this, we show that the existence of a cycle of length at most - 1 is already implied by the existence of just two long cycles, of lengths n and n - 1. Moreover we show that any graph, Hamiltonian or otherwise, which has n + c edges will have girth of order at most (n/c)log c. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Graph Theory 26: 165–173, 1997
A novel acetylcholine receptor-related peptide blocks canine cardiac ganglia and inhibits the nicotinic receptor of PC-12 cells.

Abstract A 13 amino acid peptide from the calf muscle acetylcholine receptor has been previously shown to bind both snake neurotoxins and acetylcholine. In the experiments reported here a modified complementary peptide (cAChR) derived from that acetylcholine receptor peptide was tested for biological activity in a canine heart preparation. It was expected that the modified complementary peptide would exhibit either acetylcholine-like effects or acetylcholine inhibiting effects, since, as a complementary peptide to the receptor, it should resemble acetylcholine. In these studies cAChR was administered via the sinus node artery of dog hearts in intact animals which were anesthetized with pentobarbital, intubated, and prepared with local cardiac electrograms and force gauges. cAChR was also injected directly into thoracic sympathetic ganglia. Both approaches demonstrated cAChR inhibition of neural transmission which was presumably mediated by nicotinic cholinergic receptors. To further define the inhibition of the neural transmission, cAChR was added to the medium of carbachol stimulated PC-12 cells. In these cells, derived from a rat pheochromocytoma, sodium flux is controlled by neural nicotinic receptors. With or without preincubation cAChR inhibited carbachol stimulation of sodium flux, exhibiting a K i of approximately 9 × 10 −5 (similar to that of hexamethonium). Thus cAChR appears to be a novel synthetic peptide which interrupts nicotinic cholinergic neural transmission by acting as an antagonist of the neural nicotinic receptor.
Application of a tungsten/tungsten-carbide film to H-13 casting dies by plasma assisted deposition

Die casting is used extensively to produce Al, Mg and Zn alloy parts. H-13, a widely used die material, is a medium carbon steel alloy with Cr, Mo, and Si. A problem with die casting is soldering, thermal fatigue cracking, and carbon buildup which cause degradation of the casting. Application of a metallic coating to the die has been shown to increase the resistance to thermal fatigue cracking. In this study, a tungsten/tungsten carbide thin film was deposited on a casting die of H-13 die steel by a two step Plasma Source Ion Enhanced Deposition process using an argon and methane plasmas. The film was characterized using Auger Electron Spectroscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and Electron Dispersive Spectroscopy. The die and representative castings (from regular intervals during the lifetime of the die) were examined for evidence of soldering, thermal fatigue cracking and carbon buildup.
Development of Statistical Models to Simulate the Testing of Farmers Stock Peanuts for Aflatoxin Using Visual, Thin Layer Chromatography, and Minicolumn Methods1

Abstract The negative binomial probability function was used to model the distribution of sample aflatoxin test results when replicated grade samples from farmers stock peanuts are analyzed by thin layer chromatography and minicolumn methods. The Poisson probability funtion was used to model the distribution of the number of kernels with visible Aspergillus flavus growth found in replicated grade samples of farmers stock peanuts when the visible A. flavus method is used. The probabilities of accepting a lot of farmers stock peanuts with given aflatoxin concentrations when using a 465-g grade sample and 2 different accept/reject levels were predicted with the models and compared to observed acceptance probabilities computed from previously published data for each of the 3 methods. The comparisons showed good agreement between the predicted acceptance probabilities and the observed acceptance probabilities.
TERM PREMIUMS AND DEFAULT PREMIUMS IN MONEY MARKETS

Abstract There are time-varying term and default premiums in the expected returns on money market securities. Default premiums decline with maturity and tend to be higher during recessions. Term premiums tend to increase with maturity during good times, but humps and inversions in the term structure of expected returns are common during recessions. Treasury bills produce positive average term premiums for the overall sample, but average term premiums for private-issuer securities are close to 0.0. A general conclusion is that variation in forward rates is primarily variation in current epected returns rather than in forecasts of changes in interest rates.
Inhibition of growth and sensitization to cisplatin-mediated killing of ovarian cancer cells by polyphenolic chemopreventive agents

The polyphenolic compounds curcumin and quercetin increased sensitivity of ovarian cancer cells (CAOV3 and SKOV3) to cisplatin. The effect was obtained when the compounds were added simultaneously with cisplatin, as well as when they were added 24 h before. High serum levels of certain cytokines, for example interleukin-6 (IL-6), have been associated with poor prognosis and cisplatin resistance in various forms of cancer. Furthermore, it has been hypothesized that cytokines may increase proliferation, metastasis, and stimulate production of detoxification enzymes and multi-drug resistant proteins. Curcumin inhibits the production of many cytokines. The two ovarian cell lines differ significantly in IL-6 production, and correspondingly the high producer, CAOV3, was less susceptible to cisplatin. Curcumin inhibited the production of IL-6 in this cell suggesting that one of the mechanisms for synergy between cisplatin and curcumin was by reducing the autologous production of IL-6. However, the synergy was also observed in the low IL-6 producer, SKOV3, indicating that the action was most probably a result of multiple targeting. In sum, this study suggests that the compounds, curcumin and quercetin, potentially may be useful for enhancing drug sensitivity in certain cancer.
Vesicoureteric reflux in patients with bladder tumours

Summary— In the course of treatment of 224 patients with bladder neoplasms over an 18–year period, 44 patients were noted to have associated vesicoureteric reflux, bilateral in 12 and unilateral in 32. Reflux was suspected in 8 patients because of associated ureterotrigonal abnormalities such as paraureteric diverticulum, complete duplication of the ureter and gaping ureteric orifice, and it was diagnosed by micturating cystography obtained before the bladder tumour was treated. In the remaining 36 patients reflux developed after treatment of the bladder tumours. In most patients with reflux the clinical course was benign, but it caused recurrent pyelonephritis in 9 cases and secondary struvite calculi in 2. Five patients had antirefluxing ureteric reimplantation to control episodes of recurrent pyelonephritis. The pathogenesis and implications of vesicoureteric reflux in association with bladder tumours are discussed.
Memristive Devices for Computing: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges

 Memristive Devices for Computing: Mechanisms, Applications and Challenges J. Joshua Yang, Byung Joon Choi, Min-Xian Zhang, Antonio C. Torrezan, John Paul Strachan, R.
Propionibacterium avidum as the etiologic agent of splenic abscess

Abstract Propionibacterium avidum was isolated from an intrasplenic abscess in a patient recovering from coronary artery bypass surgery. This organism has not previously been reported as an etiologic agent of splenic abscess nor has splenic abscess been described as a complication of coronary bypass surgery. This report emphasizes the potential pathogenicity of normal microbial flora following surgical manipulation.
Holographic wave functions, meromorphization and counting rules

Abstract We study the large- Q 2 behavior of the meson form factor F M ( Q 2 ) constructed using the holographic light-front wave functions proposed recently by Brodsky and de Teramond. We show that this model can be also obtained within the Migdal's regularization approach (“meromorphization”), if one applies it to 3-point function for scalar currents made of scalar quarks. We found that the asymptotic 1 / Q 2 behavior of F M ( Q 2 ) is generated by soft Feynman mechanism rather than by large transverse momentum dynamics, which causes very late onset of the 1 / Q 2 asymptotic behavior. It becomes visible only for unaccessible momenta Q 2 ≳ 10 GeV 2 . Using meromorphization for spin-1/2 quarks, we demonstrated that resulting form factor F M spinor ( Q 2 ) has 1 / Q 4 asymptotic behavior. Now, owing to the late onset of this asymptotic pattern, F M spinor ( Q 2 ) imitates the 1 / Q 2 behavior in the few GeV2 region. We discuss analogy between meromorphization and local quark–hadron duality model for the pion form factor, and show that adding the O ( α s ) correction to the spectral function brings in the hard pQCD contribution that has the dimensional counting 1 / Q 2 behavior at large Q 2 . At accessible Q 2 , the O ( α s ) term is a rather small fraction of the total result. In this scenario, the “observed” quark counting rules for hadronic form factors is an approximate phenomenon resulting from Feynman mechanism in its preasymptotic regime.
1270 Have You Diagnosed Celiac Disease Recently?: Atypical Presentations of Celiac Disease in Children

Aim: Educate pediatric primary care providers on the varied presentation of celiac disease in children and the need for screening of children for this common autoimmune condition. Method: Review of the current literature on the presentation of clinically silent or atypical celiac disease in children and the diagnostic procedure. Results: Celiac disease is an autoimmune response resulting in intestinal mucosa inflammation, malabsorption, and numerous secondary symptoms and autoimmune diseases. Recent research has found a prevalence of celiac disease in approximately 1:70 and 1:200 people in the United States, Western and Middle Eastern countries. This condition remains undiagnosed or misdiagnosed in 95% of those affected.[i] It currently takes an average of ten years and numerous tests before celiac disease is diagnosed. Undiagnosed or inadequately treated celiac disease can result in unnecessary debilitating symptoms, life-threatening illness and gastrointestinal malignancies. Children and adolescents with undiagnosed celiac disease may present with varied symptoms including, but not limited to, abdominal pain, diarrhea, constipation, weight loss, obesity, developmental delays, learning problems, symptoms associated with attention deficit, depression, anxiety, skin lesions, anemia, osteoporosis, dental enamel dysplagia, and associated autoimmune conditions. The only treatment for this autoimmune disorder is the implementation of a life-long gluten-free diet. Conclusion: Awareness of pediatric primary care providers of the varied presentation of celiac disease is necessary to increase the number of children screened. Serological screening by IgA antibody to human recombinant tissue transglutaminase (tTG IgA) is the screening test of choice. Small bowel biopsy and/or genetic screening verify the diagnosis.
Oil and Fatty Acid Contents in Seed of Citrullus lanatus Schrad.

Intact seed of 475 genebank accessions of Citrullus (C. lanatus var. lanatus and C. lanatus var. citroides) were analyzed for percent oil content using TD-NMR. Extracts from whole seed of 96 accessions of C. lanatus (30 var. citroides, 33 var. lanatus, and 33 egusi), C. colocynthis (n = 3), C. ecirrhosus (n = 1), C. rehmii (n = 1), and Benincasa fistulosa (n = 3) were also analyzed for their fatty acids content. Among the materials analyzed, seed oil content varied from 14.8 to 43.5%. Mean seed oil content in egusi types of C. lanatus was significantly higher (mean = 35.6%) than that of either var. lanatus (mean = 23.2%) or var. citroides (mean = 22.6%). Egusi types of C. lanatus had a significantly lower hull/kernel ratio when compared to other C. lanatus var. lanatus or C. lanatus var. citroides. The principal fatty acid in all C. lanatus materials examined was linoleic acid (43.6–73%). High levels of linoleic acid were also present in the materials of C. colocynthis (71%), C. ecirrhosus (62.7%), C. reh...
Methadone in the treatment of chronic nonmalignant pain: a 2-year follow-up.

Objective. To examine the longitudinal use of methadone in a pain clinic. Design. Follow-up study of 40 patients initially treated with methadone and re-evaluated 2 years later, comparing those maintained on methadone with those who were switched to other opioids. Setting. Pain clinic at a university hospital. Results. The 14 patients (35%) who stayed on methadone for the duration of the study, had higher employment rates (P < .05) and higher functional ratings (P < .02) than those on other opioids. Side effects were the most common reason (33.4%) for discontinuation of methadone. Dose escalation occurred in 11 of 14 patients (78.6%). Conclusions. Chronic pain patients may be safely and effectively treated with methadone. Those not responding or tolerating methadone may be benefited by treatment with other opioids.
Recognition memory for pictures: Evidence for a feature-analytic basis of cognitive style

Twenty-two reflective and 22 impulsive college subjects were tested in a forced-choice visual recognition memory task. Half of the reflective and half of the impulsive subjects were shown the presentation stimuli for 4 sec each; half were shown the stimuli for 8 sec each. In three of the experimental conditions (1FD, 2FD, 4FD), the number of visual feature differences between the correct and incorrect test stimuli was 1, 2, or 4, and correct response could not be based on the name of the stimulus. In the fourth condition (DO), the correct and incorrect test stimuli had different names. As predicted, performance on DO and 4FD was equivalent and was superior to that on 1FD and 2FD. Mean correct response latencies mirrored the correct response data. Although reflective subjects made more correct responses than did impulsive subjects in all four conditions, only the performance differences in Conditions 1FD and 2FD were significant. Neither the main effect of initial exposure time nor the R-I by Exposure Time interaction was significant. These results were discussed within the framework of the Selfridge-Neisser feature-testing model of recognition memory, and the data support the contention that the primary underlying basis for the dimension of reflection-impulsivity is that of detailed visual feature analysis of stimulus arrays.
Advances in the application of FRP for repairing corrosion damage

This paper presents an overview of the application of fibre-reinforced polymers (FRP) for repairing corrosion-damaged structures by external wrapping. The rationale, design and durability for such repairs are addressed and significant research findings highlighted. Several field applications are described and new and innovative practices identified. Recommendations are made to improve future performance. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
No ordinary ethics

‘Ordinary ethics’ suggests that everyday discursive interaction – interaction mediated by actual language use – has tacit ethical dimensions. This line of inquiry is productive for the anthropology...
Presence as a Consequence of Verbal-Visual Interaction: A Theoretical Approach

I offer a systematic account of the verbal-visual interaction on which presence depends in order to offer, in effect, a genealogy of presence. On the verbal side, I rely on linguistic and rhetorical analysis; on the visual, on Gestalt theory and Peirce's semiotics. To analyze verbal-visual interaction, I rely on Dual Coding Theory, borrowed from cognitive psychology. I contend that recourse to such a theory is essential if we are to explain the central mystery of Perelmanian presence, the transformation from the perceptual into the argumentative and narrative. I illustrate this transformation by analyzing a groundbreaking geological monograph.
Wideline pulsed-fourier transformation NMR

Abstract This article describes a spectrometer-computer interface for pulsed-Fourier transformation investigations of weak nuclear resonance signals in samples with short relaxation times. Some techniques for obtaining spectra from samples with weak signals and broad lines are discussed.
First- Through Eighth-Grade Retention Rates for All 50 States: A New Method and Initial Results

How many students repeat a grade each year? How do retention rates vary across states and over time? Despite extensive research on the predictors and consequences of grade retention, there is no systematic way to quantify state-level retention rates; even national estimates rely on imperfect proxy measures. We present a conceptually simple method—based on publicly available data that are routinely collected each year—that describes retention rates at the state and national levels. After describing and validating this method, we use it to report first- through eighth-grade public school retention rates for 2002–2003 through 2008–2009 for the entire country and for each state.
The role of motivation in gendered educational and occupational trajectories related to maths

This study examined the continued gender imbalance in mathematics participation in senior high, which has implications for adolescents' future careers. It confirms persisting greater male participation in maths-related educational and occupational choices among this sample of Australian youth. Gendered course-taking in maths, along with participation intentions for maths-related careers, were explained using the Expectancy–Value framework of Eccles and colleagues (Eccles (Parsons) et al., 1983; Wigfield & Eccles, 2000). The influences of maths-related self-perceptions, intrinsic and utility values, and perceived task difficulty were assessed using longitudinal data from a sample of 442 adolescents spanning Grades 9 through 11 in Sydney, Australia. Gendered maths-related self-perceptions and intrinsic values were the major influences on gendered educational participation in senior high maths, which subsequently predicted maths-related career aspirations—over and above prior mathematical achievement. Utilit...
Immunogenetically controlled autoimmune reactions induced by mercury, gold and D-penicillamine in laboratory animals: a review from the vantage point of premarketing safety studies.

Mercury and gold salts as well as d-penicillamine can cause glome rulonephritis by an autoimmune mechanism in man. The suscepti bility to this effect of these chemicals is controlled by the genes of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC). The presence of cer tain alleles confers sensitivity. The role of MHC-linked genes has been demonstrated also in the rat and mouse in the development of autoimmunity induced by these chemicals. While Brown Norway rats and AS W mice were sensitive, several other strains were resist ant. Also an interaction of MHC with background genes has been shown in determination of the response to HgCl2. In conventional toxicity studies, use of a single inbred strain of laboratory animals obviously handicaps the detection of a reaction of this nature.
Characterization of receptors with a new negative image: Use in molecular docking and lead optimization

The characterization of receptor binding sites is an important aspect of molecular docking, molecular recognition, and the structure-based design process. This characterization can take several forms: the receptor surface itself can be delineated or described, the space adjacent to the surface can be chemically mapped, or a negative image of the protein binding region can be generated. In this report, we describe a new method of constructing a negative image through generation of a set of spheres. These spheres lie along the receptor surface, and their centers represent possible ligand atom positions. By the method in which they are constructed, these spheres carry a limited amount of energetic and chemical information in addition to their primary geometric information. We test the accuracy of the image by comparing sphere positions to the positions of bound ligand atoms and propose a figure of merit for such tests. Then, we use the spheres to orient ligands in enzyme active sites and show how they can be used to generate low scoring configurations more efficiently than other approaches that search orientation space. In addition, two novel applications of these spheres are described: they are used to help identify structural differences among families of enzymes and to suggest points for ligand modification in analog design.
Low-Threshold GaInAsSb/AIGaAsSb Quantum-Well Ridge-Waveguide Lasers Emitting at 2.1 /spl mu/n

Summary form only given. The authors report on a laser structure consisting of the following layers grown on an n-GaSb substrate by molecular beam epitaxy: n-GaSb buffer, n-AlGaAsSb cladding, active consisting of GaInAsSb wells and AlGaAsSb barriers, p-AlGaAsSb cladding, and p/sup +/-GaSb contacting. Ridges 8- mu m wide were defined by reactive ion etching. For CW operation of a 300- mu m-long device at a heat-sink temperature of 20 degrees C, the threshold current is 29 mA and the maximum power is 12.5 mW/facet limited by junction heating. Initial slope efficiency is approximately 0.1 W/A per facet. Fundamental-mode emission is maintained up to 200 mA, with lateral full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 15 degrees . For the transverse far-field pattern, the FWHM is approximately 50 degrees . The emission spectra show multiple longitudinal modes at approximately 2.13 mu m. >
Pharmacokinetics of selective estrogen receptor modulators.

Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) are a class of compounds used to treat and prevent breast cancer and osteoporosis. SERMs currently approved for use in patients include tamoxifen, toremifene and raloxifene. These compounds are well tolerated in patients, and the most common adverse effects experienced in patients undergoing SERM therapy include vasomotor symptoms such as hot flashes and vaginal discharge. New SERMs currently under development for use in the treatment and prevention of osteoporosis and breast cancer include ospemifene, a derivative of toremifene, and arzoxifene, a compound very similar in structure to raloxifene. SERMs are administered orally at doses ranging from 20 to 60 mg/day. Tamoxifen and toremifene have a bioavailability of approximately 100%, whereas that of raloxifene is only 2%. SERMs are very highly bound to plasma proteins (>95%). Tamoxifen and toremifene are metabolised by the cytochrome P450 enzyme system, and raloxifene is metabolised by glucuronide conjugation. The terminal elimination half-lives of these drugs range from 27.7 hours to 7 days. The pharmacokinetics of these compounds are affected in hepatically impaired patients, but not in renally impaired patients. SERMs have several potential drug interactions with other agents, such as warfarin, rifampicin (rifampin), cholestyramine and aromatase inhibitors.
A comparative modelling analysis of firm performance

The ongoing financial and economic crisis throughout the industrialised world has spotlighted a number of significant deficiencies in corporate governance and management. The strength and composition of the management team along with effective corporate governance policy should play an important role in addressing these challenges. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate how analytics can be used to identify the importance of specific organisational factors that could impact corporate performance. A WRDS database consisting of a variety of factors was examined using Logit, neural net and CART modelling techniques. The results from the analysis indicate that diversity and governance policies appear to have played only a modest role in explaining corporate performance as measured by Tobin's Q for the year 2004.
Computer modeling and intraoperative navigation in maxillofacial surgery.

PURPOSE: Recent advances in computer-modeling software allow reconstruction of facial symmetry in a virtual environment. This study evaluates the use of preoperative computer modeling and intraoperative navigation to guide reconstruction of the maxillofacial skeleton. METHODS: Three patients with traumatic maxillofacial deformities received preoperative, thin-cut axial CT scans. Three-dimensional reconstructions, virtual osteotomies, and bony reductions were performed using MIMICS planning software (Materialise, Ann Arbor, MI). The original and “repaired” virtual datasets were then imported into an intraoperative navigation system and used to guide the surgical repair. RESULTS: Postoperative CT scans and photographs reveal excellent correction of enophthalmos to within 1 mm in patient 1, significant improvement in symmetry of the nasoethmoid complex in patient 2, and reconstruction of the zygomaticomaxillary complex location to within 1 mm in patient 3. CONCLUSION: Computer modeling and intraoperative navigation is a relatively new tool that can assist surgeons with reconstruction of the maxillofacial skeleton. © 2007 American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery Foundation. All rights reserved.
Electron diffraction from microtwins and long-period polytypes

Abstract It has been shown that rows of spots can be produced in a selected-area electron diffraction pattern from a microtwin of width up to ∼18·5nm. The spacing of the spots has been shown to be equal to the inverse of the twin plane spacing. The observation is directly analogous to the classical experiment in light optics. A similar effect can occur for a long-period structure, as illustrated by βm-Al2O2.
T-Cell-Depleted Reduced-Intensity Conditioning Transplantation for Lymphoma: Do Donor Lymphocyte Infusions Really Matter?

excellent contribution to the transplantation literature with the demonstration that T-cell– depleted transplantation can lead to prolonged survival in patients who have experienced multiple relapses of follicular lymphoma. The authors report a high response rate using donor lymphocyte infusions (DLI) with or without chemotherapy in patients who have experienced relapse after allogeneic transplantation. Using a similar regimen, we have observed frequent durable remissions and conversion to full donor chimerism after treatment with rituximab or nucleoside analogs even without DLI. 2 Thus, we concur with the high response rate for relapse, although the value of DLI versus other therapeutic modalities and the need for full donor chimerism for sustained remission requires additional study. A number of questions arise, however, regarding the authors’ recommendation to use DLI to prevent relapse in patients with mixed chimerism. In our experience with the use of similar conditioning regimens, mixed chimerism is quite common and varies in degree. 3 We and others have failed to find a relationship between the degree of mixed chimerism and risk for disease recurrence. 3,4 The authors state, “In the group given DLIs for MC [mixed chimerism] alone at 6 months, this effect was maintained, with patients converting to full donor status having a significant reduction in RR [relapse risk] compared with patients who exhibited persistent MC.” Statistical modeling of a variable that changes with time can be complicated. Additional details about the analysis would be useful, such as the degree and cellular compartment of mixed chimerism that prompted treatment, the chimerism time point(s) analyzed to predict relapse risk, and whether adjustments were made for time elapsed. We are unsure how patients with mixed donor chimerism after DLI can be combined in an analysis with patients who have mixed chimerism and never underwent DLI. If one does not use a single time point, the analysis would tend to show a benefit of DLI, given that those who remain alive without disease may receive additional DLI infusions to convert to full chimerism. In other words, lack of relapse may predict for full donor chimerism. Even if post-DLI mixed chimerism predicts for relapse, one does not know a priori who will achieve full donor chimerism with DLI; thus, such a result does not inform the decision to proceed with DLI. We advocate that prospective study of the risks and benefits of prophylactic DLI after alemtuzumab conditioning be undertaken. Until prospective studies are performed, the excellent results of salvage therapy with or without DLI at the time of relapse support salvage therapy rather than prophylactic DLI.
Proteomic analysis of cell walls of two developmental stages of alfalfa stems.

Cell walls are important for the growth and development of all plants. They are also valuable resources for feed and fiber, and more recently as a potential feedstock for bioenergy production. Cell wall proteins comprise only a fraction of the cell wall, but play important roles in establishing the walls and in the chemical interactions (e.g. crosslinking) of cell wall components. This crosslinking provides structure, but restricts digestibility of cell wall complex carbohydrates, limiting available energy in animal and bioenergy production systems. Manipulation of cell wall proteins could be a strategy to improve digestibility. An analysis of the cell wall proteome of apical alfalfa stems (less mature, more digestible) and basal alfalfa stems (more mature, less digestible) was conducted using a recently developed low-salt/density gradient method for the isolation of cell walls. Walls were subsequently subjected to a modified extraction utilizing EGTA to remove pectins, followed by a LiCl extraction to isolate more tightly bound proteins. Recovered proteins were identified using shotgun proteomics. We identified 272 proteins in the alfalfa stem cell wall proteome, 153 of which had not previously been identified in cell wall proteomic analyses. Nearly 70% percent of the identified proteins were predicted to be secreted, as would be expected for most cell wall proteins, an improvement over previously published studies using traditional cell wall isolation methods. A comparison of our and several other cell wall proteomic studies indicates little overlap in identified proteins among them, which may be largely due to differences in the tissues used as well as differences in experimental approach.
Sitaxsentan for Treatment of Pulmonary Hypertension

Objective:To review the literature pertinent to the efficacy and safety of sitaxsentan, a selective endothelin (ET)-A receptor antagonist under evaluation for the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH).Data Sources:Articles were identified through searches of the MEDLINE (1966–November 2006) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–November 2006) databases, using the key words endothelin antagonist, pulmonary arterial hypertension, pulmonary hypertension, sitaxsentan, and TBC11251. Searches were limited to articles published in English.Study Selection And Data Extraction:Due to the limited number of articles on sitaxsentan, all studies captured in the search results were evaluated.Data Synthesis:Four studies of sitaxsentan in humans with PAH have been published to date. An uncontrolled open-label study and a randomized placebo-controlled study (STRIDE-1; Sitaxsentan to Relieve Impaired Exercise-1) showed sitaxsentan to improve exercise tolerance in patients with PAH, as evidenced by si...
Two-dimensional time-resolved THz spectroscopy of solvent response to photoexcitation

Low-frequency intramolecular solvent dynamics of toluene and chloroform, in response to photoexcitation of a solute molecule, have been measured with two-dimensional time-resolved THz spectroscopy. The underdamped solvent mode changes most after photoexcitation of the solute.
Building Modern Africa: Theme Editors' Introduction

When the Togolese fab lab Woelab Lome unveiled the first 3-D printer built in Africa last year, it highlighted an emerging ethos of innovation across the continent. Technology hubs in numerous metr...
Sotradecol (sodium tetradecyl sulfate) injection of orbital lymphangioma.

Purpose: To describe the results of intralesional injection of the sclerosing agent sodium tetradecyl sulfate in patients with lymphangioma. Methods: Three patients (one child and two adults) were treated. Results: Two patients had improvement in the size of the lymphangioma, although the result was short-lived in one instance. Minimal change was noted in the third patient. Two patients had transient edema and ecchymosis, and one patient had a mild allergic reaction to the injected solution. Conclusions: Sodium tetradecyl sulfate may be a useful therapeutic option for some patients with eyelid or orbital lymphangioma, particularly if a previous operation has not been performed.
Body Size Changes Among National Collegiate Athletic Association New England Division III Football Players, 1956−2014: Comparison With Age-Matched Population Controls

Context: Collegiate football programs encourage athletes to pursue high body weights. Objective: To examine position-dependent trends over time in body size characteristics among football players i...