cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Natural Language Interface for Computer-Aided Design

1. Introduction.- 1.1. The Pros and Cons of Natural Language Interfaces.- 1.2. Domanial Implications.- 1.3. Cleopatra.- 1.4. Natural Language Processing-Some Preliminaries.- 1.5. An Outline of this Thesis.- 2. Previous Approaches.- 2.1. Syntax-First approaches.- 2.2. Semantic Grammars.- 2.3. Augmented Transition Networks.- 2.4. Case-Frame Parsing.- 3. A New Approach.- 3.1. Flexibility.- 3.1.1. Two Arguments Against Semantic Features.- 3.1.2. The Representation of Constraints in Cleopatra.- 3.2. Parallelism, and Confidence Levels.- 3.2.1. Parallelism.- 3.2.2. Confidence-Levels.- 3.2.3. Updating Confidence-Levels.- 4. The Parsing Process.- 4.1. Lexical Entries.- 4.2. Dictionary Entries.- 4.3. Integration Procedures.- 4.3.1. The integration procedure for nouns.- 4.3.2. The integration procedure for tense.- 5. Filling the Blanks.- 5.1. "Safe" Attachments.- 5.2. Relative Clauses.- 5.2.1. That Relative Clauses.- 5.2.2. Whiz-Deletion.- 5.2.3. Relative pronoun deletion.- 5.2.4. Headless Relative Clauses.- 5.3. Time-Adverbial Clauses.- 5.4. Conjunctions.- 5.5. Ellipses.- 5.6. Confidence-Levels Revisited.- 5.6.1. Attaching case-frames to verb-frames.- 5.6.2. Concordance of conjuncts.- 5.6.3. Substitutions in Ellipses.- 6. Some Detailed Examples.- 6.1. Example 1.- 6.2. Example 2.- 6.3. Example 3.- 7. Semantic Interpretation.- 7.1. An Outline of the Semantic Interpretation Process.- 7.2. Examples.- 7.2.1. Case-Frame Evaluations.- 7.2.2. The evaluation procedure for .- 7.2.3. The evaluation procedure for .- 8. Issues for Further Research.- 8.1. Extending Cleopatra to Other Domains.- 8.1.1. Linguistic Extensions.- 8.1.2. Portability Considerations.- 8.2. Robustness.- 8.3. Experimental Validation.- 9. Conclusion, and Afterthoughts.- 9.1. Afterthoughts.- Appendix A. A Sample Session with Cleopatra.- A.2. The Session Transcript.- Appendix B. An Exercise in Extension.- References.
Controlling Transparency in an Online Learning Environment

The presence of transparency in an online learning environment may potentially enhance the educational value of the system, yet there are many aspects to transparency, and the configuration of these features can prove both difficult and daunting for educators. In this paper we propose a framework for controlling transparency in an online learning environment taking into account the task, learner model and learner preferences. These characteristics was dynamically mapped onto a transparency configuration, allowing the system to adjust its presentation on-the-fly via a form of end-user programming. We describe the kinds of transparency our framework addresses, how users control transparency, and how the settings of multiple users are resolved into a single transparency configuration.
Binding of thyroid hormones to isolated hepatic nuclei from Rana catesbeiana tadpoles.

This study is concerned with the characteristics of thyroid hormone binding to isolated hepatic nuclei from premetamorphic tadpoles. Conditions essential for nuclear stability and/or demonstration of saturable binding included 220- mosmol buffers containing 0.1 mM ZnCl2 and removal of most of the melanin granules; binding of T4 and T3 to melanin was significant, but unsaturable. Scatchard analysis of [128I]T3 binding to nuclei in the presence of increasing concentrations of T3 revealed the presence of two sets of saturable sites: a high affinity, low capacity set and a second set which had a lower affinity but approximately 4 times the capacity of the first set Two sets of T4-binding sites were also detected. The data indicate that the two hormones bind to the same two sets of sites. Thus, both T3 and T4 completely displaced either [125I]T3 or [125I]T4 bound to saturable sites, although more T4 than T3 was required for 50% displacement of either hormone. Moreover, the presence of a partially saturating co...
Temporal Trends in Incidence of Kidney Stones Among Children: A 25-Year Population Based Study

Purpose: We conducted a population based pediatric study to determine the incidence of symptomatic kidney stones during a 25-year period and to identify factors related to variation in stone incidence during this period.Materials and Methods: The Rochester Epidemiology Project was used to identify all patients younger than 18 years who were diagnosed with kidney stones in Olmsted County, Minnesota from 1984 to 2008. Medical records were reviewed to validate first time symptomatic stone formers with identification of age appropriate symptoms plus stone confirmation by imaging or passage. The incidence of symptomatic stones by age, gender and study period was compared. Clinical characteristics of incident stone formers were described.Results: A total of 207 children received a diagnostic code for kidney stones, of whom 84 (41%) were validated as incident stone formers. The incidence rate increased 4% per calendar year (p = 0.01) throughout the 25-year period. This finding was due to a 6% yearly increased in...
Farnesyltransferase Inhibitor, Manumycin A, Prevents Atherosclerosis Development and Reduces Oxidative Stress in Apolipoprotein E-Deficient Mice

Objective— Statins are presumed to exert their antiatherogenic effects in part via lipid-lowering–independent mechanisms. Inhibition of protein farnesylation and/or geranylgeranylation by statins has been postulated to contribute to the lipid-lowering–independent effects. However, a role for protein farnesylation in atherogenesis has not yet been studied. Therefore, we examined the effects of farnesyltransferase inhibitor, manumycin A, on the development of atherosclerosis in apolipoprotein E (apoE)-deficient mice fed a high-fat diet. Methods and Results— Manumycin A treatment for 22 weeks decreased Ras activity, and reduced fatty streak lesion size at the aortic sinus to 43% of that in vehicle-treated apoE-deficient mice ( P P Conclusions— These results indicate that the inhibition of farnesyltransferase prevents the development of mature atherosclerosis with concomitant alleviation of oxidative stress in apoE-deficient mice. The present data highlight farnesyltransferase as a potential molecular target for preventive and/or therapeutic intervention against atherosclerosis.
Morphological and functional demonstration of rat dura mater mast cell–neuron interactions in vitro and in vivo

Mast cells derive from a distinct bone marrow precursor and mature in tissues under the influence of stem cell factor, nerve growth factor (NGF) and certain interleukins. Intracranial mast cells first appear in the meninges and are located perivascularly close to neurons. They can be activated by antidromic stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, as well as by acute immobilization stress. Substance P (SP) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are particularly potent in stimulating mast cell release of vasoactive, inflammatory and nociceptive molecules. These findings have suggested that mast cells may be involved in neuroinflammatory conditions, such as migraines. In this study, dura mast cells were shown to have characteristics of connective tissue mast cells (CTMC) as they contained histamine, heparin and rat mast cell protease I (RMCP-I). Mast cells were localized close to SP-positive neurons immunocytochemically and mast cell-neuron contacts were also documented using scanning electron microscopy. Dura stimulated by SP and carbachol in situ released histamine. Preincubation of dura with estradiol slightly augmented histamine release by SP, an effect possibly mediated through estrogen receptors identified on dura mast cells. Acute stress by immobilization led to dura mast cell degranulation which was prevented by pretreatment with a neutralizing antibody to CRH or a CRH receptor antagonist. The present results further clarify the biology of intracranial mast cells and support their involvement in the pathophysiology of migraines which are precipitated or worsened by stress.
The nanostructure of the Si–Al eutectic and its use in lithium batteries

Aluminum–silicon alloys are an important class of commercial casting materials having wide applications in automotive and aerospace industries. Etching the Al–Si eutectic leads to selective dissolution of Al, resulting in novel morphology–macroporous Si spheres with a three-dimensional nano network. Up to 5% Al is dissolved in Si, leading to an expansion of the crystal lattice. The resulting porous Si is electrochemically active with lithium and thus can be used as a high capacity anode for lithium-ion batteries. The etching of Al–Si provides a simple and low-cost method of producing nano-structured Si materials.
The Measurement and Treatment of Test Anxiety

A review of the literature concerning the self-report test anxiety scales and treatment of test anxiety was conducted. The various popular self-report test anxiety instruments were examined with attention given to the reliability and validity status of the scales. Treatment studies were reviewed, with attention being paid to both the outcomes presented and the designs used. Treatments directed toward test worry were more effective in reducing self-reported test anxiety and increasing grades than treatments directed toward test emotionality. Self-reported test anxiety was found to decrease as a result of most treatment including pseudotherapy.
Two-Dimensional Phase-Field Model Applied to Freezing into Supercooled Melt

Cryopreservation of living cells is a necessary part of many medical procedures such as organ transplants and preservation of sperm and oocytes of endangered species. However, there is at least one apparent contradiction between the concept of cryopreservation and experimental findings that cells and tissues can be damaged by the cryopreservation process itself. Successful cryopreservation was made possible by the addition of glycerol as a cryoprotective agent (CPA). A major portion of the damage is due to and occurs during the supercooling of tissues and cells and their environment. Therefore, a detailed understanding of how supercooling impacts biological environments is important to preventing damage to cells and tissues during cryopreservation. Studies of supercooling are complicated due to the inherent instability associated with supercooling and the influence of surface tension as a stabilizing factor and other parameters associated with the liquid-solid phase-change front. The only method that effe...
Frictional Resistance of Steel H-Piling in Clay

Field tests were conducted on steel H-piling driven through medium clay to end bearing in very hard soil; 10CBP42 pile, was instrumented at intervals throughout length with strain gages; pile was loaded in increments according to prescribed load testing procedure and then unloaded in decrements; second loading cycle was carried out in same manner except that it was continued until pile failed.
TWO NEW SPECIES OF MACROSIPHUM PASSERINI (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) FROM WESTERN NORTH AMERICA

Abstract. Two new species of Macrosiphum Passerini are described from western North America. Macrosiphum clum Jensen, new species lives on Clematis ligusticifolia Nutt. (Ranunculaceae) without host alternation. Macrosiphum schimmelum Jensen, new species lives on Lonicera utahensis S. Watson (Caprifoliaceae) without host alternation. Notes on taxonomy, distribution, and field biology are provided for both species.
Net H+ and K+ fluxes across the apical surface of rat distal colon

The distal colon absorbs K+ (JK) and secretes H+ (JH) by what is thought to be an H(+)-K(+)-adenosinetriphosphatase (H(+)-K(+)-ATPase). However, the colonic ATPase differs structurally and functionally from the gastric H(+)-K(+)-ATPase. To evaluate the link between JH and JK, JH and JK were simultaneously measured with ion-specific electrodes in segments of rat distal colon. JH and JK averaged 0.40 +/- 0.03 and 0.30 +/- 0.03 mu eq.h-1.cm-2 (n = 191), but JH and JK did not correlate (r = 0.005, not significant). The gastric H(+)-K+ pump inhibitors SCH-28080 (100 microM) and omeprazole (100 microM), as well as a vacuolar H(+)-ATPase inhibitor, bafilomycin A1 (10 microM), did not affect JH or JK. However, the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase inhibitors ouabain (1 mM) and N-ethylmaleimide (10 microM) inhibited JK but not JH. Although 1 mM orthovanadate inhibited both JH and JK, at lower concentrations orthovanadate only affected JK. Furthermore, removing K+ from the medium did not affect JH. Secondary hyperaldosteronism increased both JH and JK; however, ouabain (1 mM) reduced JK but not JH. Cl(-)-free medium inhibited voltage-insensitive JH and voltage-sensitive JK. Medium pH affected JH, but that effect was contrary to the effect that pH had on Rb+ flux. These data failed to identify a relationship between JH and JK and appear to suggest that JH and JK occur by separate pathways.
Histological and histochemical methods: theory and practice, 5th edition

Ever wonder why fungal organisms stain black in the Grocott’s methenamine silver stain, how decalcification works using formic acid, or what accounts for metachromasia seen in cationic stains for a...
Teaching urban youth about controversial issues: Pathways to becoming active and informed citizens

Although American schools are required to meet civic education goals of preparing students to become active and informed citizens, high-quality civic opportunities (e.g. service learning and volunt...
Understanding Marketing Strategy and Differential Advantage

This article summarizes key concepts of marketing strategy and differential advantage, compares each concept with the comments of critics (see 2 preceding articles, this issue), and attempts to res...
Formation of Highly Dispersed Rhodium Particles by Chemical and Photochemical Reduction

Nanometer-sized metal particles have been prepared by chemical and photochemical reduction of homogeneous solutions of metal-organic rhodium(I) compounds. Reduction of [(COD)RhCl]2 with LiBEt3H in THF resulted in the formation of solutions containing crystalline, mono-dispersed Rh particles with average sizes of 2-4nm as determined by TEM and SAXS. The species [(COD)RhH]4 was isolated during the formation of the Rh colloids but was found not to be an intermediate in the reduction of Rh(I) to Rh(0). The catalytic activity of these highly dispersed metals towards pyrene hydrogenation has been investigated. Photochemical reduction of [(ethylene)2Rh(OEt)]2 at room temperature also resulted in formation of Rh as shown by TEM, EDS, ED and X-ray diffraction.
Improving Surface Finish Quality of Rapid Tooling via Surface Contact Infiltration of 3-D Printed Metal Parts

Solid freeform fabrication technology has shown a great deal of promise for the plastic injection molding industry due to its ability to produce complex geometry tooling relatively quickly. However, one shortcoming of metal-based SFF processes is that they have difficulty producing parts with acceptable surface quality. As such, secondary operations, such as machining, are frequently required thereby increasing fabrication time and cost. In addition, there is variation in the surface quality that is dependent upon the surface orientation during the build process. For example, parts produced using the metal-based 3-D printing process have vertical faces with a typical roughness 52% greater than the horizontal faces. This work investigates the effects on part surface quality resulting from the application of a contact surface "blank" to the part free surfaces during the infiltration stage of a powder metalbased rapid manufacturing process. Specifically, the effects of "blank" surface roughness and contact pressure are studied with respect to resultant surface roughness and uniformity of the infiltrated part. Application of a smooth contact surface on vertical faces resulted in Ra values at least 25% lower than that of vertical free surfaces. It was also revealed that there is a correlation between surface roughness of the blank and the surface roughness of the infiltrated part. Such blanks could be used to impart desired surface finish and texture to critical surfaces of a mold tool.© 2006 ASME
Characterization of the polyphenol composition of 20 cultivars of cider, processing, and dessert apples (Malus × domestica Borkh.) grown in Virginia.

Polyphenols and maturity parameters were determined in 20 apple cultivars with potential for hard cider production grown in Virginia, U.S.A. Concentrations of five classes of polyphenols were significantly different across cultivar for both peel and flesh. Total polyphenol concentration ranged from 0.9 μg/g wwb in flesh of Newtown Pippin to 453 μg/g wwb in peel of Red Delicious. Harrison, Granny Smith, Rome, Winesap, and Black Twig cultivars contained the highest concentration of total flavan-3-ols in flesh, indicating potential to impart desired astringency and bitterness to cider under processing conditions where extraction of polyphenols from peel is minimal. These results can inform selection of fruit juice, extracts, and byproducts for investigations of bioactivity and bioavailability of polyphenols, and provide baseline data for horticultural and processing research supporting the growing hard cider industry in Virginia. Based on these data, cultivars Harrison, Granny Smith, Rome, Winesap, and Black...
Parent Material Mapping of Geologic Surfaces Using ASTER in Support of Integrated Terrain Forecasting for Military Operations

Predicting soil physical and chemical properties for military operations requires knowledge of the geologic and lithologic component of the soil parent material. Geologic maps, a traditional source of geologic information, are often limited in coverage or inadequate for determining the basic characteristics of a soil parent material. We describe an approach for the rapid development of geologic surface maps that identify the lithologic composition of soil parent material generated from ASTER (Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer) data. Generated maps of parent material, in turn, provide key input parameters for a comprehensive terrain predictive model that forecasts key soil and surface cover characteristics in support of military operations. Parent material maps are generated using a multilayer approach where calibrated image data are mapped into lithologic units that best identify soil parent material and corresponding landform units (i.e. bedrock, fan, playa, dune, etc.). A unique and critical aspect of our approach is that expert-based analysis of spectral and geospatial information can produce a geologic map, covering 1000–5000 km2 of terrain, of soil parent material and surface cover in as little time as nine staff-hours. The approach was developed with a guiding principle that terrain predictions in military operations must be rapidly developed for areas where available ground information is limited. Results indicate that it is possible to quickly produce a realistic map of soil parent material using ASTER data without any additional geologic information or data. Results also indicate that analysts developing parent material maps require expert knowledge in both spectral analysis of remotely sensed data and the geologic and geomorphic processes that form desert landforms.
Analysis on epidemiological characteristics of family clustering of hand-food-mouth disease occurred in 86 families

Objective To analyze the epidemic characteristics of family clustering of hand- food- mouth disease and to provide basis for prevention and control of HFMD. Methods The data of all 86 familial clustering of hand- food- mouth diseases in 2014 were collected,and were analyzed by descriptive epidemiological methods. Results There were 86 family outbreak of HFMD in Xiao county in 2014,involving 172 cases. There were cases reported in every month with peaks in number from April to May. The number of cases in rural areas accounted for 89. 53%. HFMD mainly occurred in children under age of 5 years,accounting for 88. 37% of the cases. The major cases were scattered children( 81. 98%). The number of clustering within the interval of 1 day was 63,accounting for 73. 26% of the total. Conclusion The familial clustering was widespread. Improving the sanitary conditions and hygiene habits of the families in rural areas and carrying out targeted education work should be key measures to prevent family clustering of HFMD.
Lipid changes in egg yolks and cakes baked in microwave ovens.

With greater use of microwave ovens, the question arises as to the effects of dielectric energy on lipids. This paper reports a study of the effects on lipids in egg yolks and cake hatters.
Competition Between Original Brands and Generics in Pharmaceuticals: Analysis and Policy Implications

This paper will discuss the significant price differences between original pharmaceutical products and generic drugs which continue to exist long after introduction of lower-priced generics. Apparently, uncertainty about generic quality allows the original brand to maintain a superior image and substantial market share, despite intensive competitive activity. The effectiveness of promotion in maintaining substantial market share after patent expiration is illustrated for Librium(R). Existing policies concerning generic drugs are reviewed, and appropriate revisions will be recommended.
Remodeling neuroscience education in medical student training: how early exposure and mentorship are promoting student interest in neurology and neurosurgery.

Exposure to clinical neurology is an essential aspect of a young clinician’s training. Neuroscience forms the cornerstone of a wide variety of clinical pathologies and many believe it is currently under represented in medical education. This phenomenon persists as the rapidly aging population places an increasing burden on neuromedical specialists. This demographic change, compounded by the expected 19% shortage in clinical neurologists by 2025, makes it imperative to reexamine specific aspects of neuromedical education (Dall et al., 2013). These aspects include the timing of pre-clinical neuroscience education, the presence of faculty supported interest groups, the existence of formal mentorship programs, and the availability of neurology and neurosurgical clerkships to 3rd year medical students. Given the increasing importance of neuromedical training, several recent studies have examined the state of neurology training in modern medical education and its impact on medical graduates.
Nanoliter compound-droplet generation with composition variation

A new method for generation of nanoliter-volume, two-phase (compound) droplets with the ability to vary composition (i.e., encapsulant thickness) is presented. Thermocapillary-driven levitation of water droplets, a capability with potential for the improvement of lab-on-a-chip (LOC) processes, requires encapsulation by a secondary, less-volatile fluid that will also avoid the adverse effects of water-surface contamination on the driving surface motion. Key components of the closed system include the droplet generator actuated by a piezoelectric diaphragm, a pressure-control device, and a specialized nozzle for delivery of the encapsulating liquid. Experimental investigations demonstrate how system pressure variations allow composition changes, and voltage waveform input parameters regulate ejection dynamics, necessary for droplet capturing during the levitation process.
Abstract 68: Gender Differences In Functional Status Following Myocardial Infarction. A Systematic Review Of The Literature.

Background: Evaluation of functional status following myocardial infarction (MI) is essential for long-term prognosis and treatment. We hypothesized that functional status following hospitalized MI is lower among women as compared to men. Methods: Peer-reviewed articles that presented functional status stratified by gender were identified from MEDLINE, PsycInfo, CINAHL, Embase, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews (Jan. 1, 1991-May 20, 2011) using the terms: myocardial infarction, acute coronary syndrome, functional status, and quality of life. A priori exclusion criteria included: non-English language, review papers, expert opinions or discussions, case reports, studies without original data, samples without MI patients or measures of physical functioning; studies not on adults or studies restricted to all men or all women; and studies with outcomes not stratified by gender or MI status. Initial search identified 2102 articles/abstracts. Based on eligibility criteria, we excluded from initial review 1537 articles. Title and/or abstract review of remaining 565 studies led to further exclusion of 491, leaving 74 articles. A full-text review narrowed this to 30 articles which were then abstracted. Results: Average follow-up time after MI was 11.8 months (range: 0-89 months) with average number of study participants 879 (range: 60-2950). Majority of the studies (n=23, 77%) used generic, rather than disease-specific, health-related quality of life questionnaires (e.g. SF-36) to assess functional status. Of the 30 articles abstracted, 26 (87%) reported better functional status in men with MI as compared to women with MI. Effect of age, comorbidities, and clinical variables on association of gender with functional status following MI was assessed in 5 studies and found to attenuate gender differences to non-significant level in 2 studies. Increase in gender-related differences in functional status after MI was reported in 2 of 5 studies that evaluated change in functional status over time. Conclusions: Functional status of women with MI is on average worse than functional status of men with MI. Differences in clinical variables, age, and comorbidities may partly explain gender differences in post-MI functional status.
On the evolutionary trajectories of signal-transducing amyloids in fungi and beyond.

ABSTRACTIn the last decade, multiple reports have established that amyloids can bear important functional roles in a variety of biological processes and in distant taxonomic clades. In filamentous fungi, amyloids are involved in a signal transducing mechanism in which a group of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) controls downstream effector proteins to induce a programmed cell death reaction. A structurally characterized example of fungal signal-transducing amyloid is the prion-forming domain (PFD) of the HET-S toxin from Podospora anserina. Amyloid-mediated programmed cell death is equally reported in metazoans in the context of innate immunity and antiviral response. The cell death reaction, described as programmed necrosis, is dependent on an amyloid-forming RHIM motif (RIP homotypic interaction motif). An evolutionary link between the RHIM and the PFD signaling amyloids has been previously reported. Our recent study ties further the signaling amyloids in fungi and metazoans, reporting a fungal signal-transduc...
An assessment of data and methodology of online surgeon scorecards

OBJECTIVE Recently, 2 surgeon rating websites (Consumers' Checkbook and ProPublica) were published to allow the public to compare surgeons through identifying surgeon volume and complication rates. Among neurosurgeons and orthopedic surgeons, only cervical and lumbar spine, hip, and knee procedures were included in this assessment. METHODS The authors examined the methodology of each website to assess potential sources of inaccuracy. Each online tool was queried for reports on neurosurgeons specializing in spine surgery and orthopedic surgeons specializing in spine, hip, or knee surgery. Surgeons were chosen from top-ranked hospitals in the US, as recorded by a national consumer publication ranking system, within the fields of neurosurgery and orthopedic surgery. The results were compared for accuracy and surgeon representation, and the results of the 2 websites were also compared. RESULTS The methodology of each site was found to have opportunities for bias and limited risk adjustment. The end points ass...
Fish or Germs? Microbial Dynamics Associated with Changing Trophic Structures on Coral Reefs

Overfishing major predators has dramatically changed the trophic structures of coral reefs. Here, we argue that the photosynthate, which would normally support the large predators via trophic transfers, is being used by microbes (Bacteria and Archaea) on degraded reefs. The supply of higher concentrations of photosynthate to the microbes increases their population size and enables heterotrophic microbes to dominate the community. In turn, the heterotrophic microbes detrimentally affect the corals causing disease outbreaks and death, which causes the phase shift from coral to fleshy algae (including macroalgae and turf algae) dominated reefs. To succeed, conservation and restoration efforts need to understand and consider the influence of microbes.
Outcome of Allogeneic Stem Cell Transplantation after Hypomethylating Therapy with 2′-Deoxy-5 Azacytidine for Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrome.

Decitabine is approved for the treatment of patients with intermediate- and high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS). In vitro studies have demonstrated an increased expression of MHC class I molecules, HLA-DR and beta-2-microglobulin on the surface of MDS cells after decitabine therapy, potentially increasing their susceptibility to immune surveillance mechanisms and a graft-versus-leukemia effect. We analyzed the outcome of 12 patients with MDS with a median age of 58.5 years (range, 37 – 66) who underwent an allogeneic stem cell transplant (5 sibling, 5 unrelated, 2 cord blood) after prior therapy with decitabine. At diagnosis, 2 patients had intermediate-1, 7 intermediate-2 and 3 high risk MDS by the international prognostic scoring system. Nine had a non-myeloablative and 3 an ablative regimen. The source of stem cells was marrow in 2, peripheral blood in 8 and cord blood in 2. The patients had received decitabine for a median of 5.5 cycles (range, 1 – 20) and a median duration of treatment of 7.1 months (range, 1 – 27). Decitabine was well tolerated with reversible gastrointestinal toxicity and neutropenic infections as the main toxicity. Best response to decitabine was CR in 4 patients, PR in 6, and hematological improvement in 2. Eight had disease progression on decitabine. Five patients received additional chemotherapy and achieved a CR before transplant. The median time between completion of decitabine and transplant was 3.4 months (range, 0.2 – 11.7). At the time of transplant, 8 patients were in CR and 4 in PR. The median CD34+ cell number was 4.17 x 10 6 cells/kg (range, 0.58 – 10.1 x 10 6 cells/kg). Eleven patients engrafted and one had secondary engraftment failure. Median times to neutrophil and platelet engraftment were 13.7 days (range, 7 – 27) and 17.3 days (range, 7 – 28), respectively. No unusual toxicity was encountered. Nine patients (75%) developed acute GVHD, and 6 chronic GVHD (55% of those alive beyond 100 days). Ten patients were in CR and 1 in PR at day 100 post transplant. With a median follow 11.5 months (range, 3 – 26), 9 patients are alive (8 in CR and 1 with progressive disease) and 3 have died (2 after relapse and 1 from GVHD and sepsis). We conclude that prior therapy with hypomethylating agents may potentially improve the outcome of allogeneic transplant in MDS through enhancement of graft versus leukemia effect and should be examined prospectively.
Treatment of FLT3-ITD Positive AML Relapsing After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant (HSCT) with Sorafenib.

Abstract 3471 AML with the internal tandem duplication of the Fms-Like Tyrosine kinase-3 gene (FLT3-ITD) has a poor prognosis, with high relapse rates. Sorafenib is an oral multikinase inhibitor of tyrosine kinases including Flt-3 with activity in AML. We used this drug to treat patients relapsing after allogeneic HSCT and herein present the results. Patients and Methods. We retrospectively evaluated 16 patients with FLT3-ITD AML that received sorafenib for at least a 7-day course either alone (n=8; 50%) or in combination (n=8; 50%) to treat AML relapsing at a median of 3 months (range, 1–7) after HSCT. Median age was 34 years (range, 20–603). Cytogenetics was diploid in 69%, high-risk in 19% and unknown in 12%. Treatment history prior to HSCT included sorafenib in 38% of the cases, and 30% were status post a 2 nd HSCT. Donors were related (50%) or unrelated (50%). Seven patients (44%) received and failed other salvage chemotherapy prior to starting sorafenib (median=2 treatments; range, 1–5). At start of sorafenib salvage treatment, median WBC was 22.5 K/mm 3 (range, 0.6–119), and median bone marrow blast was 58% (range, 12–88%), while 75% of the patients had circulating blasts. Sorafenib doses were as follows: 400 mg (n=3) or 800 mg daily (n=4) in combination to idarubicin/Ara-C, or 800 mg daily with 5-azacitidine (n=1); single agent: 800 mg (n=6) or 1200 mg (n=2) daily. Median duration of sorafenib single agent therapy was 39.5 days (range, 10–100), and in combination it was 7 days (range, 7–32). Complete remission (CR) rate was zero; 2 patients achieved a PR. Median reduction in bone marrow (n=9) and peripheral blood (n=12) blasts was 0% (range, 0–46), and 50% (range, 0–88), respectively. Two patients were ‘bridged’ to a 2 nd HSCT, which led to CR durations of 53 and 106 days. Median survival after sorafenib initiation was 81 days and it was similar with single agent versus combination therapy (Figure 1 and 2). All patients have died. Conclusions. Treatment of overt AML relapse with sorafenib was unsuccessful as described here. It is possible that ‘pre-emptive’ treatment in the presence of minimal residual disease will be more effective, but this remains to be proven. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Individual Movement Strategies Revealed through Novel Clustering of Emergent Movement Patterns

Understanding movement is critical in several disciplines but analysis methods often neglect key information by adopting each location as sampling unit, rather than each individual. We introduce a novel statistical method that, by focusing on individuals, enables better identification of temporal dynamics of connectivity, traits of individuals that explain emergent movement patterns, and sites that play a critical role in connecting subpopulations. We apply this method to two examples that span movement networks that vary considerably in size and questions: movements of an endangered raptor, the snail kite (Rostrhamus sociabilis plumbeus), and human movement in Florida inferred from Twitter. For snail kites, our method reveals substantial differences in movement strategies for different bird cohorts and temporal changes in connectivity driven by the invasion of an exotic food resource, illustrating the challenge of identifying critical connectivity sites for conservation in the presence of global change. For human movement, our method is able to reliably determine the origin of Florida visitors and identify distinct movement patterns within Florida for visitors from different places, providing near real-time information on the spatial and temporal patterns of tourists. These results emphasize the need to integrate individual variation to generate new insights when modeling movement data.
Mindfulness-Based Relapse Prevention for Methadone Maintenance: A Feasibility Trial.

Abstract Objectives: As rates of opiate misuse rise in the United States, so do significant associated health and financial consequences to afflicted individuals, their families, and society at large. Methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) is one evidence-based approach to treating opiate addiction, yet supplemental psychosocial treatment to support this approach is lacking. Mindfulness-based relapse prevention (MBRP) has shown to be efficacious in various substance use populations, but has yet to be assessed with MMT clients. Design: The current mixed methods study was designed to inform protocol adaptation for MMT clients and to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of MBRP for this population. Subjects: The sample consisted of adults (N = 15) recruited from a methadone clinic to participate in a 6-week MBRP course. Outcome measures: Data from focus groups and course satisfaction surveys supported feasibility and acceptability of the intervention. Self-report outcome measures in...
Distance and Network Methods

An n × d data matrix, consisting of n examples/rows each defined by d features/columns, naturally defines a set of n points in a d-dimensional geometric space. Interpreting examples as points in space provides a powerful way to think about them – like the stars in the heavens.
Does Fairtrade Certification Meet Producers' Expectations Related to Participating in Mainstream Markets? An Analysis of Advertised Benefits and Perceived Impact

In this paper, we identify three literature-based hypotheses about how and whether Fairtrade labeling delivers its advertised benefits: a market mechanism that provides producers in developing countries advantaged access to consumer markets; a sustainable agriculture mechanism that improves the sustainability of Fairtrade products and a social justice mechanism that protects the rights and livelihoods of farmers and workers. We surveyed a broad cross-section of Fairtrade-certified producer organizations and compared their expectations with their satisfactions using an importance–performance analysis (IPA), principal component analysis (PCA) and ordered logit regression analyses. According to our results, Fairtrade producers report both high importance and high performance in terms of metrics such as empowering women, democratic decision-making and reduction of child labor, suggesting that farmers are most satisfied with Fairtrade as a social justice mechanism. Fairtrade producers report high importance but lower performance of Fairtrade as a market mechanism and least satisfaction as a sustainable agriculture mechanism. We explore the drivers and implications of these findings for Fairtrade and provide recommendations to increase producer satisfaction. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment
Abstract 1603: Statins Regulate L-type Ca Currents: Pravastatin Reverses Parasympathetic Dysfunction in Ventricular Myocytes From Diabetic Mice

Diabetic autonomic neuropathy (DAN) is a major complication of diabetes mellitus. Parasympathetic stimulation of the heart decreases the rate and force of contraction, the latter at least in part in response to inhibition of L-type Ca currents. SREBPs are transcription factors which regulate expression of enzymes involved in fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis. SREBP-1 expression is regulated by insulin. Here we present data demonstrating that ventricular myocytes from hearts of type I diabetic Akita mice demonstrate decreased carbamylcholine (Carb) inhibition of isoproterenol (Iso) stimulated L-Type Ca currents, that this effect is dependent on SREBP-1 and reversed by pretreatment of mice with pravastatin. Type I diabetic Akita mice 4 mo of age demonstrated serum glucose levels of >500 mg/dL. Iso stimulated L-Type Ca current in ventricular myocytes from Akita diabetic mice, determined by the whole cell clamp method, was increased 2.9 ±0.3 fold above basal value of 16.7 ±2.0 pA/pF which was not significantly different from that in cells from WT mice (2.6 ±0.3 fold). However, Carb inhibition (20 μ M) of Iso stimulated L-Type Ca current was significantly attenuated in cells from Akita diabetic mice (27.9 ±4.8%, n=9), compared with 67.3 ±2.25%, (n=16) in WT mice (p
Calibration approaches for the measurement of aerosol multielemental concentration using spark emission spectroscopy

A multivariate calibration approach, using partial least squares regression, has been developed for the measurement of aerosol elemental concentration. A training set consisting of 25 orthogonal aerosol samples with 9 factors (elements: Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, Pb, and Ti) and 5 levels (elemental concentrations) was designed. Spectral information was obtained for each aerosol sample using aerosol spark emission spectroscopy (ASES) at a time resolution of 1 minute. Simultaneously, filter samples were collected for the determination of elemental concentration using an inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) analysis. Two regression models, PLS1 and PLS2, were developed to predict mass concentration from spectral measurements. The prediction ability of the models improved substantially when only signature wavelengths were included instead of the entire spectrum. The PLS1 model with 45 selected spectral variables (PLS1-45 model) presented the lowest relative root mean square error of cross validation (RMSECV; 16–35%). The detection limits using the PLS1-45 model for the nine elements were in the range of 0.16–0.50 μg m−3. The performance of both multivariate and univariate regression models was tested for an unknown sample of welding fume aerosol. The multivariate model did not provide significantly better prediction compared to the univariate model. In spite of the difference in the matrices of the calibration aerosol and the unknown test aerosol, the results from the PLS model show good agreement with those from filter measurements. The relative root mean square error of prediction (RMSEP) obtained from the PLS1-45 model was 13% for Cr, 23% for Fe, 22% for Mn and 12% for Ni. The study shows that in spite of lower spectral resolution and lack of sample preparation, reliable and robust measurements can be obtained using the proposed calibration method based on PLS regression.
Proximal to Distal Exostectomy for the Treatment of Insertional Achilles Tendinopathy.

When insertional Achilles tendinopathy is addressed surgically via a central-Achilles splitting approach, the calcaneal osteotomy has classically been performed from distal to proximal. We describe a simple proximal to distal technique that allows optimal resection of both the calcaneal exostosis and Achilles enthesophyte, minimizes risk to the soft tissues and skin, provides a bony attachment surface parallel to the axis of the Achilles tendon, and avoids the risk of osteotomy extension into the subtalar joint.Levels of Evidence: Level V: Technique tip
A Gentle Introduction to Topic Modeling Using Python

Topic modeling is a data mining method which can be used to understand and categorize large corpora of data; as such, it is a tool which theological librarians can use in their professional workflows and scholarly practices. In this article I provide a gentle introduction to topic modeling for those who have no prior knowledge of the topic. I begin with a conceptual overview of topic modeling which does not rely on the complicated mathematics behind the process. Then, I illustrate topic modeling by providing a narrative of building a topic model using the entirety Theological Librarianship as my example corpus. This narrative ends with an analysis of the success of the model and suggestions for improvement. Finally, I recommend a few resources for those who would like to pursue topic modeling further.
No “Bullshit”: Rigor and Evaluation of Applied Theatre Projects

Applied theatre practitioners embark on projects with goals of transformation. Given that these projects are explicitly framed as intervention, practitioners need to be able to demonstrate that projects have achieved their stated goals. Often, this leads to evaluation discourse steeped in, as Frankfurt puts it, “bullshit” (On bullshit, Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2005), as practitioners articulate goals that are vague and/or abstract, eliding the problem of proving if transformation has or has not actually occurred. This chapter will examine rigor and specificity in the evaluation of applied theatre projects, offering specific strategies practitioners can use in organic, rigorous assessment of projects.
Organic Anxiety Disorder: Iatrogenic Hyperthyroidism

Hyperthyroidism or thyrotoxicosis is the hypermetabolic state resulting from the clinical and physiological effects of tissue exposure to unbound or free thyroid hormones. Common causes are Graves' disease, toxic multinodular goiter, thyroiditis, and hyperthyroidism caused by exogenous iodide. Less common causes are trophoblastic tumors, hyperfunctioning adenomas, factitious thyrotoxicosis, and ectopic thyroid tissue (e.g., stroma ovarii).1 In the United States, the prevalence of this relatively common disorder is 0.1 %-0.23%. Thus, approximately 300,000 Americans will require treatment for hyperthyroidism this year alone. Common physiological signs and symptoms occur in more than 70% of hyperthyroid patients. These include nervousness, weight loss, heat intolerance, warm skin, excessive perspiration, easy fatiguability, muscular weakness, diarrhea, fine tremor, and a wide-eyed stare with possible protrusion of the eyes. Because many of these symptoms are also seen in psychiatric patients, many thyroid disorders may be mistaken for psychiatric disorders, especially anxiety disorders. The purpose of this report is to present the case of a young woman who presented to one of us with marked symptoms of anxiety and who was found to suffer not from a primary anxiety disorder, but from iatrogenic
Tabu Search Applications

This chapter provides a collection of “vignettes” that briefly summarize applications of tabu search in a variety of settings. These vignettes are edited versions of reports by researchers and practitioners who are responsible for the applications The TS research summarized in this chapter was contributed by academicians and practitioners from all over the world. A debt of gratitude is owed to the individuals whose contributions have made this summary possible. (Deficiencies in describing their work are solely due to the current editing, and should not be interpreted to reflect shortcomings of the original reports.) In a number of cases, the work cited presents only a small sampling of significant contributions by the authors referenced.
The Respiratory Burst and Lymphocyte Function

Recent studies have established that phagocytic cells generate several reactive oxygen species (ROS).1–24 Normally, under resting or baseline conditions, unstimulated granulocytes and monocytes appear to release only minimal, and probably nontoxic, amounts of ROS. However, during an immunological response, phagocytic cells may have a burst in oxidative metabolism (a respiratory burst), resulting in an enhanced release of ROS at an inflammatory site.25–27 Since lymphocytes are an essential part of the inflammatory response, the potent compounds released by phagocytic cells might modify the functional capacity of these cells. This chapter discusses the possible effects of the ROS produced by phagocytic cells during the respiratory burst on the functional capacity of human lymphocytes at a site of inflammation.
Channel Coding at Low Capacity

Low-capacity scenarios have become increasingly important in the technology of the Internet of Things (IoT) and the next generation of mobile networks. Such scenarios require efficient and reliable transmission of information over channels with an extremely small capacity. Within these constraints, the performance of state-of-the-art coding techniques is far from optimal in terms of either rate or complexity. Moreover, the current non-asymptotic laws of optimal channel coding provide inaccurate predictions for coding in the low-capacity regime. In this paper, we provide the first comprehensive study of channel coding in the low-capacity regime. We will investigate the fundamental non-asymptotic limits for channel coding as well as challenges that must be overcome for efficient code design in low-capacity scenarios.
Data highlighting the expression of two miR-132/212 target genes-Sirt1 and Pten-after chronic stress.

Abstract The data presented here are related to our research article entitled “miR-132/212 is induced by stress and its dysregulation triggers anxiety-related behavior” (Aten et al., 2018). In this article, we utilize immunofluorescent techniques to examine the protein-level expression of two microRNA-132/212 target genes, Sirt1 and Pten, in miR-132 transgenic and miR-132/212 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse lines. Additionally, using immunohistochemistry, we detail the expression profile of Sirt1 and Pten in the hippocampus and amygdala of WT mice after a 15 day chronic restraint stress paradigm.