cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictive Coordinated and Cooperative Voltage Control for Systems With High Penetration of PV

This article proposes a predictive coordinated and cooperative voltage control method in a power distribution system with high penetration of photovoltaic (PV) units. First, an integrated coordinated voltage control of voltage regulators (VRs) tap positions and cooperative distributed control of the reactive power output from PV inverters are used to maintain system voltages within an appropriate bandwidth. Next, solar power forecasting is applied to predict voltage changes, which are used to set the VR tap positions and capacitor switch status to prevent large voltage fluctuations. The fine tuning of voltage adjustment is then achieved by cooperative control of PV inverters to maintain a uniform voltage profile across the system. The proposed method is tested on a modified IEEE 123-node test feeder with high penetration of PVs using real measurement data and compared with the base case. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the integrated voltage control, as well as the enhancement from the predictive control through solar power forecasting-enabled voltage change estimates. Comparison to previous work in the literature shows significant improvement in terms of voltage deviation and reduction in excessive tap changes.
Clustering sparse sensor placement identification and deep learning based forecasting for wind turbine wakes

A data-driven approach is an alternative to extract general models for wind energy applications. A spatial sensitivity analysis is achieved using a probabilistic model to quantitatively identify the variability in performance due to individual parameters and visualize spatial distributions. Proper orthogonal decomposition results are combined with linear discriminant analysis under the clustering framework to present low-dimensional classifiers. Using the decomposition enables the system to be far away from ill-conditioned states. The optimal sensor locations are explicitly distributed in the transition region, where the velocity and Reynolds stresses relax toward a wake recovered state. With the optimal sensors, the cluster assignment and flow dynamics are obtained. There is an advantage in including more features in the reconstruction process to capture the slow and fast dynamics. Assessing the differences in the wake response and establishing the importance of spatial sensitivities are provided here for seeking accurate models. The bidirectional neural network is used to predict the fluctuating velocity of the considered sensors. The result of long–short term memory shows correlations of 92% between the real and predicted fluctuating velocities.
Multiple N-H and C-H Hydrogen Atom Abstractions Through Coordination-Induced Bond Weakening at Fe-Amine Complexes.

We report the use of the reported Fe-phthalocyanine complex, PcFe (1; Pc = 1,4,8,11,15,18,22,25-octaethoxy-phthalocyanine), to generate PcFe-amine complexes 1-(NH3)2, 1-(MeNH2)2, and 1-(Me2NH)2. Treatment of 1 or 1-(NH3)2 to an excess of the stable aryloxide radical, 2,4,6-tritert-butylphenoxyl radical (tBuArO•), under NH3 resulted in catalytic H atom abstraction (HAA) and C-N coupling to generate the product 4-amino-2,4,6-tritert-butylcyclohexa-2,5-dien-1-one (2) and tBuArOH. Exposing 1-(NH3)2 to an excess of the trityl (CPh3) variant, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-tritylphenoxyl radical (TrArO•), under NH3 did not lead to catalytic ammonia oxidation as previously reported in a related Ru-porphyrin complex. However, pronounced coordination-induced bond weakening of both α N-H and β C-H in the alkylamine congeners, 1-(MeNH2)2 and 1-(Me2NH)2, led to multiple HAA events yielding the unsaturated cyanide complex, 1-(MeNH2)(CN), and imine complex, 1-(MeN═CH2)2, respectively. Subsequent C-N bond formation was also observed in the latter upon addition of a coordinating ligand. Detailed computational studies support an alternating mechanism involving sequential N-H and C-H HAA to generate these unsaturated products.
Buried in the Red Dirt: Race, Reproduction, and Death in Modern Palestine

Bringing together a vivid array of analog and non-traditional sources, including colonial archives, newspaper reports, literature, oral histories, and interviews, Buried in the Red Dirt tells a story of life, death, reproduction and missing bodies and experiences during and since the British colonial period in Palestine. Using transnational feminist reading practices of existing and new archives, the book moves beyond authorized frames of collective pain and heroism. Looking at their day-to-day lives, where Palestinians suffered most from poverty, illness, and high rates of infant and child mortality, Frances Hasso's book shows how ideologically and practically, racism and eugenics shaped British colonialism and Zionist settler-colonialism in Palestine in different ways, especially informing health policies. She examines Palestinian anti-reproductive desires and practices, before and after 1948, critically engaging with demographic scholarship that has seen Zionist commitments to Jewish reproduction projected onto Palestinians. This title is also available as Open Access on Cambridge Core.
Machine Learning-Assisted Sampling of SERS Substrates Improves Data Collection Efficiency.

Surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) is a powerful technique for sensitive label-free analysis of chemical and biological samples. While much recent work has established sophisticated automatio...
One-step hydrothermal synthesis of porous Ti3C2Tz MXene/rGO gels for supercapacitor applications.

Titanium carbide/reduced graphene oxide (Ti3C2Tz/rGO) gels were prepared by a one-step hydrothermal process. The gels show a highly porous structure with a surface area of ∼224 m2 g−1 and average pore diameter of ∼3.6 nm. The content of GO and Ti3C2Tz nanosheets in the reaction precursor was varied to yield different microstructures. The supercapacitor performance of Ti3C2Tz/rGO gels varied significantly with composition. Specific capacitance initially increased with increasing Ti3C2Tz content, but at high Ti3C2Tz content gels cannot be formed. Also, the retention of capacitance decreased with increasing Ti3C2Tz content. Ti3C2Tz/rGO gel electrodes exhibit enhanced supercapacitor properties with high potential window (1.5 V) and large specific capacitance (920 F g−1) in comparison to pure rGO and Ti3C2Tz. The synergistic effect of EDLC from rGO and redox capacitance from Ti3C2Tz was the reason for the enhanced supercapacitor performance. A symmetric two-electrode supercapacitor cell was constructed with Ti3C2Tz/rGO, which showed very high areal capacitance (158 mF cm−2), large energy density (∼31.5 μW h cm−2 corresponding to a power density of ∼370 μW cm−2), and long stability (∼93% retention) after 10 000 cycles.
On the Integrability of Eigenfunctions of the Laplace-Beltrami Operator in the Unit Ball of C n

Let B denote the unit ball in Cn, n≥1, and let τ, \(\widetilde\nabla\), and denote the volume measure, gradient, and Laplacian respectively, with respect to the Bergman metric on B. For γ∈R and 0<p<∞, we denote by Lpγ the set of real, or complex-valued measurable functions f on B for which ∫B(1−|z|2)γ|f(z)|p dτ(z)<∞, and by Dpγ the Dirichlet space of C1 functions f on B for which |\(\widetilde\nabla\)f|∈Lpγ. Also, for λ∈C, we denote by Xλ the set of C2 real, or complex-valued functions f on B for which f=λf. The main result of the paper is as follows: Let 0<p<∞ and suppose λ∈R with λ≥−n2. Then Lpγ∩Xλ={0}, and for λ≠0, Dpγ∩Xλ={0}
Negative Genetic Testing Does Not Deter Contralateral Prophylactic Mastectomy in Younger Patients with Greater Family Histories of Breast Cancer

Background Increasing rates of contralateral prophylactic mastectomy (CPM) correlate with adoption of total skin-sparing mastectomy (TSSM). We aimed to characterize patients with unilateral breast cancer who underwent TSSM with CPM or without CPM (No CPM).
TEL/AML-1 dimerizes and is associated with a favorable outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Polymerase chain reaction-based screening of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) samples showed that a TEL/AML1 fusion transcript was detected in 27% of all cases, representing the most common known gene rearrangement in childhood cancer. The TEL/AML1 fusion results from a t(12;21)(p13;q22) chromosomal translocation, but was undetectable at the routine cytogenetic level. TEL/AML1-positive patients had exclusively B-lineage ALL, and most patients were between the ages of 2 and 9 years at diagnosis. Only 3/89 (3.4%) adult ALL patients were TEL/AML1-positive. Most importantly, TEL/AML1-positive children had a significantly lower rate of relapse compared with TEL/AML1-negative patients (0/22 v 16/54, P = .004). Co-immunoprecipitation experiments demonstrated that TEL/AML-1 formed homodimers in vitro, and heterodimerized with the normal TEL protein when the two proteins were expressed together. The elucidation of the precise mechanism of transformation by TEL/AML1 and the role of TEL/AML1 testing in the treatment of childhood ALL will require additional studies.
Submucosal Arterial Malformation (“Aneurysm”) of the Stomach with Fatal Hemorrhage

Summary Twenty-four previously described cases of a characteristic lesion consisting of a markedly enlarged submucosal artery of the stomach are reviewed, and an additional case is presented. Affected patients have usually been middle-aged and elderly men, although the lesion has been described in younger groups and in women. Such lesions have caused upper gastrointestinal bleeding, usually of a massive nature, with or without history of previous episodes. The affected vessels present a characteristic pathologic picture, consisting of a firm, tortuous, and strikingly enlarged artery coursing through the submucosa for variable distances. The point of rupture, which may occur at any location on the gastric wall, is marked by a small defect composed of an area of mucosal erosion with thrombotic material overlying the point of rupture. Histologic examination has disclosed a muscular artery of unusual size, with or without varying degrees of arteriosclerotic change. Evidence favoring the theory that such lesions reflect a localized congenital arterial malformation rather than acquired arteriosclerotic aneurysms, as has previously been assumed, is presented. As such lesions probably occur more frequently than is realized, a heightened awareness of this entity is necessary on the part of the physician whose patient has upper gastrointestinal bleeding of obscure etiology.
The Carboxylation of Phosphoenolpyruvate and Pyruvate I. THE ACTIVE SPECIES OF "CO2" UTILIZED BY PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE CARBOXYKINASE, CARBOXYTRANSPHOSPHORYLASE, AND PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE

Abstract Previous studies with propionyl coenzyme A carboxylase and with phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase using 18O-labeled bicarbonate have indicated that bicarbonate is the reactive species in these fixations of "CO2." We have investigated the species of CO2 in reactions catalyzed by pyruvate carboxylase, P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase, and P-enolpyruvate carboxytransphosphorylase. Since propionyl-CoA carboxylase and pyruvate carboxylase are biotin enzymes, they would be expected to have similar mechanisms. Likewise, the reactions catalyzed by P-enolpyruvate carboxykinase and carboxy transphosphorylase are, in some respects, similar to that of P-enolpyruvate carboxylase, and it has been suggested that bicarbonate might be the reactant in each case. By means of radiochemical and spectrophotometric techniques, we have obtained evidence that the active species in the carboxykinase and carboxytransphosphorylase reactions is CO2 and not bicarbonate. Bicarbonate appears to be the active species in the pyruvate carboxylase reaction, in conformity with the results obtained with propionyl-CoA carboxylase.
Communication: Analytic continuation of the virial series through the critical point using parametric approximants

The mathematical structure imposed by the thermodynamic critical point motivates an approximant that synthesizes two theoretically sound equations of state: the parametric and the virial. The former is constructed to describe the critical region, incorporating all scaling laws; the latter is an expansion about zero density, developed from molecular considerations. The approximant is shown to yield an equation of state capable of accurately describing properties over a large portion of the thermodynamic parameter space, far greater than that covered by each treatment alone.
Conditional fitness benefits of the Rickettsia bacterial symbiont in an insect pest

Inherited bacterial symbionts are common in arthropods and can have strong effects on the biology of their hosts. These effects are often mediated by host ecology. The Rickettsia symbiont can provide strong fitness benefits to its insect host, Bemisia tabaci, under laboratory and field conditions. However, the frequency of the symbiont is heterogeneous among field collection sites across the USA, suggesting that the benefits of the symbiont are contingent on additional factors. In two whitefly genetic lines collected from the same location, we tested the effect of Rickettsia on whitefly survival after heat shock, on whitefly competitiveness at different temperatures, and on whitefly competitiveness at different starting frequencies of Rickettsia. Rickettsia did not provide protection against heat shock nor affect the competitiveness of whiteflies at different temperatures or starting frequencies. However, there was a strong interaction between Rickettsia infection and whitefly genetic line. Performance measures indicated that Rickettsia was associated with significant female bias in both whitefly genetic lines, but in the second whitefly genetic line it conferred no significant fitness benefits nor conferred any competitive advantage to its host over uninfected whiteflies in population cages. These results help to explain other reports of variation in the phenotype of the symbiosis. Furthermore, they demonstrate the complex nature of these close symbiotic associations and the need to consider these interactions in the context of host population structure.
Wireless communications using integrated antennas

The feasibility of integrating antennas and required circuits to form wireless interconnects in foundry digital CMOS technologies has been demonstrated. The key challenges including the effects of metal structures associated with integrated circuits, heat removal, packaging, and interaction between transmitted and received signals and nearby circuits appear to be manageable. This technology can potentially be applied for implementation of a true single chip radio, on-chip and inter-chip communication systems, RFID tags, and others.
Gusii Sex Offenses: A Study in Social Control

The social factors responsible for the extremely high incidence of rape in the Gusii tribe of Kenya which is a major social problem are discussed and general questions about social control of sexual behavior are raised. The Gusii have a history of sexual intercourse being associated with protest and pain because there are strict taboos against marriage within the clan and brides all come from enemy clans. There are strict formal restrictions on sexual relations with girls of ones own clan and the high brideprice often delays marriage until the late 20s. Previously rape resulted in blood feuds. However the British colonial government outlawed such feuds and now rape of a girl from an enemy clan merely results in a sexual assault charge with a maximum penalty of $70 or 1 year in jail and only 1/3 of all cases are even prosecuted. Meanwhile the social controls against sexual relations within the clan are still strong. In many societies either physical or social barriers prevent premarital intercourse. When as with the Gusii structural barriers are removed without being replaced by other barriers of equal effectiveness socialized inhibitions of individuals are severely tested. If both sexes are highly inhibited little premarital activity may occur. If the males are uninhibited but the females inhibited rape is likely. If both are low on inhibition promiscuity will result.
Stability of multiple access network control schemes with carrier sensing and exponential backoff

Abstract A new approach to determine the stability of multiple access network control schemes is presented. A “busy” network (the precise meaning of the term “busy” will be presented in the text) is modelled as a switched single-server hybrid dynamical system whose switching laws are stochastic and are based on typical multiple access network control protocols such as ALOHA and ethernet. The techniques are used to compute the critical ratio of traffic production per network node to total available bandwidth that ensures that data packets will not accumulate unboundedly in waiting queues at each node. This is a measure of stability of the network and is an emergent, global, property determined by decentralized, autonomous behavior of each node. The behavior of each individual node is regarded as “microscopic” and the collective behavior of the network as a whole are emergent consequences of such microscopic laws. The results follow from the stationary distribution property of ergodic Markov chains.
Interpretation of an experiment on the anomalous absorption of an electromagnetic wave in a plasma

In this letter we propose an interpretation of a recent experiment on the anomalous absorption of a powerful electromagnetic wave in a collisionless plasma. The electromagnetic wave excites an instability, driving up the ion density fluctuations. The ion waves scatter energy efficiently from the electromagnetic wave into longitudinal plasma modes which are then absorbed in the plasma. 15 refs., 2 figs.
Deficiency of Metals in Population II Stars

IN a recent communication under this title Bashkin1 has attempted to explain the deficiency of heavy elements in Population II halo stars by arguing that a separation between neutral atoms and ions is possible through electromagnetic means and that, since the ionization potentials of the metals are in general low, they will be confined to the disk while the neutral atoms can diffuse into the halo. This proposal can be severely criticized on several grounds.
The economic impact of organized camps

In the course of a calendar year, the University of Wisconsin- Whitewater conducts a wide variety of camps and clinics on its campus. The idea of tourism as an economic development tool is a well-established research track and the retention and attraction of �engines of economic growth� is a key topic in the field of economic development. This paper uses input�output analysis to estimate the economic value of these camps. While there is limited research directly in the area of the economic impact of organized camps, there is a relationship between this research and the literature that uses input�output analysis to evaluate the economic impacts from tourism.
Effects of ß-Endorphin on body temperature in mice at different ambient temperatures

The effect of intracerebroventricular injection of s-endorphin (s-END) on body temperature of mice was studied at ambient temperatures (T a ) of 10°, 20° and 31°C. Doses between 0.1 and 10.0μg/mouse were studied. The lower ( a s studied. The higher doses of s-END produced hyper- or hypothermia depending on the T a . The subcutaneous injection of naloxone (1 mg/kg) antagonized the high dose hypothermic effects, but not the hyperthermic effect of s-END. These data suggest that there may by different receptors and/or sites of action for high and low doses of s-END.
Delayed radiation-induced myelopathy after spinal radiosurgery.

Objective Spinal cord injury is arguably the most feared complication in radiotherapy and has historically limited the aggressiveness of spinal tumor treatment. We report a case series of 6 patients treated with radiosurgery who developed delayed myelopathy. Methods Between 1996 and 2005, 1075 patients with benign or malignant spinal tumors were treated by CyberKnife (Accuray, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA) robotic radiosurgery at Stanford University Medical Center and the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center. Patients were followed prospectively with clinical and radiographic assessments at 1- to 6-month intervals. A retrospective review identified patients who developed delayed radiation-induced myelopathy. Six patients (5 women, 1 man) with a mean age of 48 years (range, 25-61 years) developed delayed myelopathy at a mean of 6.3 months (range, 2-9 months) after spinal radiosurgery. Three tumors were metastatic; 3 were benign. The metastases were in the upper to midthoracic spine, whereas the benign tumors were partially in the cervical region. Three cases involved previous radiation therapy. Results Dose volume histograms were generated for target and critical structures. Clinical and dosimetric factors were analyzed for factors predictive of spinal cord injury. Specific dosimetric factors contributing to this complication could not be identified, but one-half of the patients with myelopathy received spinal cord biological equivalent doses exceeding 8 Gy. Conclusion Delayed myelopathy after radiosurgery is uncommon with the dose schedules used in this case series. Radiation injury to the spinal cord occurred over a spectrum of dose parameters that prevented identification of specific dosimetric factors contributing to this complication. Primarily, biological equivalent dose estimates were not usable for defining spinal cord tolerance to hypofractionated dose schedules. We recommend limiting the volume of spinal cord treated above an 8-Gy equivalent dose, because half of the complications occurred beyond this level.
Parasitic protozoa: thiol-based redox metabolism

Abstract In a thoughtful and stimulating article, Sylke Muller et al. [1] describe the thiol-based redox metabolism of protozoan parasites and believe that the key enzymes involved in this metabolism have potential use as new drug targets. Additional information on this subject is provided here.
Helping habitual smokers using flooding and hypnotic desensitization technique: A brief communication

Abstract A subgroup of individuals who were helped to stop smoking by hypnosis or other means returned to consuming a few cigarettes a day. A flooding and hypnotic desensitization technique assisted 4 of 7 individuals who resumed smoking in becoming and remaining abstinent for a 6- to 9-month follow-up period.
Deciding on preventive war Amartya Sen’s idea of justice

In this article I present a critique of the moral permissibility of preventive war. Preventive intervention is a murky issue in the just-war thinking, so just-war doctrine does not provide moral cl...
The role of optics in research at ames research center.

Photooptical processes and optical measuring techniques play an important role in many research programs at NASA’s Ames Research Center. Its programs in aerodynamics, in space sciences, and in life sciences are often critically dependent on the experimental data and the theoretical insight provided by optics. The expanding role of optics during Ames’ history is described. An extensive bibliography of research reports is provided—including reports of basic work in aerodynamics, space sciences, and life sciences which have relied heavily on optics; reports of research being done from a flying observatory; and reports describing developments in optical technology.
Sequence analysis of the indirect flight muscle actin-encoding gene of Drosophila simulans.

Abstract A genomic clone of the Drosophila simulans indirect flight muscle actin-encoding gene (Act88F) has been isolated, and the sequence of a 3358-nucleotide segment corresponding to the Drosophila melanogaster Act88F transcription unit is presented. The Act88F homologs in these two sibling species encode identical proteins and the general genomic organization of the Act88F locus is highly conserved, including the location of the transcription start point, and the size and position of intron/exon junctions. Substitutions within the 5' flanking region, however, are clearly nonuniform and the regions of lowest divergence coincide with regions that have been implicated in transcript accumulation and the regulation of tissue-specific expression. Silent substitutions within the coding regions have been compared to five other gene homologs in these sibling species. The rate of silent substitution at these loci varies more than threefold, suggesting selection at the codon level.
Role of ultrasound in the assessment of male infertility

The use of ultrasonography has become an important component in the evaluation and treatment of male reproductive tract disorders. From the use of color flow Doppler ultrasonography for the assessment of varicoceles to transrectal ultrasonography combined with seminal vesiculography for the evaluation of ejaculatory duct obstruction, ultrasonography has practical clinical applications. In this article, the authors review the indications and use of ultrasonography in the assessment and treatment of the infertile male. The recent advances in diagnostic transrectal ultrasonography for ejaculatory duct obstruction, in particular, are emphasized.
For budding yeast investigators

Abstract Methods in Yeast Genetics by A. Adams, D. E. Gottschling, C. A. Kaiser and T. Stearns, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 1997. $59.00 (177 pages) ISBN 0 87969 508 0
Stiffness Characterization Using a Dynamic Heart Phantom and Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Heart disease is the number one cause of death in the United States [1]. Cardiac Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) technology can be used to diagnose and evaluate a number of diseases and conditions such as coronary artery disease, damage caused by a heart attack, heart failure, and heart valve problems etc. Given the inherent difficulty in imaging the heart in motion, many efforts have been made to improve cardiac motion tracking and eliminate motion related artifacts. A dynamic heart phantom (DHP) capable of simulating true physiological motions is a valuable research tool for improving quality of MR images and determining critical diagnostic information. For instance, MR images have been used to quantify myocardial strain and estimate soft tissue material parameters and in turn to learn about cardiac structure and function [2–4]. In these studies, heart phantoms made of rubber like materials with known material properties are often used as a mean of validation.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
A successive steady-state model for simulating freshwater discharges and saltwater wedge profiles at Baffin Bay, Texas

Submarine groundwater discharges (SGD) are an important source of freshwater to coastal bays and estuaries in arid and semi-arid regions. Understanding groundwater flows to these ecologically sensitive bodies is important for coastal environmental sustainability. A management-oriented mathematical model capable of simulating the flow of groundwater into a coastal bay (i.e., submarine groundwater discharge) is developed here using the principles of quasi-steady-state flow and the existence of a sharp interface between the freshwater and the saltwater portions of the aquifer. The model is applied to the Baffin Bay in South Texas, a hypersaline coastal body with no major river discharges. Two global sensitivity approaches (the one-at-a time design; OAT) and the grid-based Monte Carlo sensitivity index are used to identify critical model inputs. The sensitivity of the model inputs to the Nash–Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) criterion is calculated making use of synoptic observed SGD measurements made over a period of one tidal cycle. The results of the study indicate that global sensitivity analysis methods are particularly sensitive to the number of model realizations. The ability of these techniques to screen out insensitive model inputs increased with increasing number of realizations. The variability in the identified inputs was more prominent with the OAT sensitivity methods than Monte Carlo-based techniques. In general, the aquifer properties (hydraulic conductivity and aquifer thickness) as well as fluid properties (seawater and fresh water densities) along with the antecedent SGD was noted to be the most sensitive parameters. This result indicates that the implementation of sharp-front coastal–aquifer models can be improved through better hydrogeologic characterization and measuring temperature and salinity data to improve density estimation. The global sensitivity methods also help identify reasonable values for model inputs which can serve as a starting point for advanced calibrations. The results, however, indicated that the model is likely over-parameterized with different input sets yielding similar NSE estimates. Based on these initial parameter estimates, the model was able to capture the general trend in the observed SGD but could not capture the dynamic associated with high water levels in the bay. Pre-calibration global sensitivity analysis is recommended in similar applications as it not only provides insights into future data collection efforts but can also help assess the likely success of model calibration. However, given the variability among the techniques, it is suggested that multiple global sensitivity methods be utilized.
A general method for constructing increment-decrement life tables that agree with the data

Abstract A general method for making increment-decrement life tables is presented. The method involves the finding of probabilities of transition between states, graduated to small intervals of time and age, that are consistent with (i.e., can reproduce) the data, whether the data consist of central age-state specific rates, or some other feature, such as state distributions of a real cohort. The method is then illustrated with a fetal loss life table.
Preparation and Characterization of Fullerene−Styrene Copolymers

[60]Fullerene−styrene copolymers with [60]fullerene contents up to 50% (wt/wt) were prepared in radical-initiated polymerization reactions. Molecular weights of different fractions of the copolymers were determined by gel permeation chromatography measurements using chloroform and DMSO as mobile phases. Structures of the copolymers with different [60]fullerene contents were characterized by use of proton and 13C NMR, FT-IR, and thermal analysis methods. The mechanistic implication of the proposed copolymer structures is discussed.
A nested frailty model for survival data, with an application to the study of child survival in northeast Brazil.

Abstract This article presents a multivariate hazard model for survival data that are clustered at two hierarchical levels. The model provides corrected parameter estimates and standard errors, as well as estimates of the intragroup correlation at both levels. The model is estimated using the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm. We apply the model to an analysis of the covariates of child survival using survey data from northeast Brazil collected via a hierarchically clustered sampling scheme. We find that family and community frailty effects are fairly small in magnitude but are of importance because they alter the results in a systematic pattern.
Evidence for Early Vessel Involvement in the Dysfunctional Myocardium of Takayasu's Arteritis

A 15-year-old girl presented with persistent fevers, night sweats, leukocytosis, an elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and a 13-pound weight loss over 2 months. Duplex Doppler scans, computed tomographic scan, and magnetic resonance imaging studies were suggestive of Takayasu's arteritis. Left ventricular dysfunction occurred during the episode of active disease, and an endomyocardial biopsy demonstrated increased HLA-DR (human leukocyte antigen-DR) on the endothelium and evidence of immune complex deposition in the walls of small vessels. One year later, after treatment with corticosteroids and resolution of clinical symptoms, repeat endomyocardial biopsy revealed focal interstitial fibrosis and persistent immune complex deposition. These results indicate that the inflammatory, vasculitic process affecting the large vessels in Takayasu's arteritis may also involve the endomyocardium and its small vessels resulting in ventricular dysfunction.
Single-stage versus 2-stage repair of coarctation of the aorta with ventricular septal defect

Objective The results of single-stage and 2-stage repair of coarctation of the aorta with ventricular septal defect have improved, but the optimal treatment strategy remains controversial. This study compares our results with these 2 approaches. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of 46 patients, 23 with single-stage repair and 23 with 2-stage repair, who underwent completed surgical treatment of coarctation of the aorta with a ventricular septal defect at the Children's Hospital of Michigan between March 1994 and June 2006. Results The average number of operations in the single-stage group was 1.5 ± 0.6, and in the 2-stage group it was 2.2 ± 0.4 ( P ≤ .0001). Postoperative complications were similar, except for the number of planned reoperations to perform delayed sternal closure in the single-stage operation (n = 7) compared with the 2-stage operation (n = 1, P = .023). The patient age in the single-stage group at the time of discharge (completed repair time) was a median of 39.0 days (range, 19–250 days) compared with a median of 113.0 days (range, 26–1614 days) in the 2-stage group after stage 2 ( P ≤ .0001). Freedom from cardiac reintervention was 89.8% in the single-stage group versus 84.9% in the 2-stage group ( P = .33). The hospital mortality was 4.4% (1 patient) in each group. The actuarial survival rate was 95.7% in the single-stage group versus 90.6% in the 2-stage group ( P = .38). Conclusions The advantages of single-stage over 2-stage repair of a ventricular septal defect with coarctation of the aorta include an earlier age at completion of repair, fewer operations, and fewer incisions. Postoperative complications and hospital mortality are similar. The one disadvantage of a single-stage repair was the increased need for delayed sternal closure compared with the 2-stage approach.
Adsorption of proteins to surfaces in seawater

Abstract Adsorption of two proteins, bovine serum albumin and ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase, (RuBPcase), onto a variety of surfaces was examined. Protein adsorption was rapid, but was irreversible in seawater only when bulk protein concentrations were low ( μg ml −1 ). Adsorption was consistently higher onto Parafilm (a surface with a low work of adhesion and high hydrophobicity) than onto glass (high work of adhesion and low hydrophobicity). When a variety of surfaces were tested, there was a significant negative relationship between RuBPcase adsorption and work of adhesion. For all surfaces, adsorption was higher in seawater than in low ionic strength buffer. The high adsorption in seawater was a result of the high salt concentration of seawater. Low concentrations of both NaCl and MgCl 2 increased adsorption, but MgCl 2 , was more effective. The relationship between work of adhesion and adsorption indicates that hydrophobic interactions are important in determining protein adsorption, especially at high salinities.
Market index returns, macroeconomic variables, and tax-loss selling

This study provides the most direct macro-level test to date of the tax-loss selling hypothesis as an explanation of the January effect. By examining relationships between macroeconomic variables that should be related to tax-loss selling and market index measures of the January effect, this study provides an approach that addresses the market microstructure problems that are inherent in much of the prior research regarding tax-loss selling. This study also addresses some of the methodological and variable specification concerns in prior macro-level testing, resulting in stronger support for taxloss selling.
Effects of gamma radiation on the in vitro wear of composite restorative materials.

Abstract The effects of gamma radiation at therapeutic dosage levels on the wear of three anterior (two light-cured and one autocured) composites and a light-cured posterior composite were studied in vitro . Specimens were subjected to successive sets of 100 abrades to a maximum of 500 abrades on a reciprocating arm abrader, with the dimensional change being recorded between the sets of abrades. The data showed that there were no significant effects on the wear rates of any of the materials tested. The rate of height loss was similar for the two hybrid composites tested ( P P P > 0.001) in the wear behaviour between the two groups.
Posttherapy residual disease associates with long-term survival after chemoradiation for bulky stage 1B cervical carcinoma: a Gynecologic Oncology Group study.

Objective The objective of the study was to study posttherapy chemoradiation hysterectomy histology with long-term survival in bulky stage 1 B cervical cancer patients. Study Design Gynecologic Oncology Group protocols 71 and 123 enrolled 464 patients randomly allocated to pelvic radiation (75 Gy, n=291) plus hysterectomy (RTH) or to pelvic radiation (75 Gy) and cisplatin (40 mg/m 2 , n=176) plus hysterectomy (RTCH). Risk of progression and death were evaluated by posttherapy hysterectomy response (good: Results Median survivor follow-up was 112 months. Relative risks of disease progression and death were 0.656 (95% confidence interval, 0.472–0.912) and 0.638 (95% confidence interval, 0.449–0.908), favoring RTCH. Good response patients (345; 74%) had similar 10 year overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) after RTH or RTCH ( P > .47). Poor response patients after RTCH had superior OS ( P = .046) and PFS ( P = .084). Extrapelvic recurrences occurred more often in poor response patients. Conclusion Posttherapy viable residual disease less than 10% was associated with reduced risk of progression and cancer-related death.
Dietary Production of Specific Syndrome of Deficiency in Vitamin B6.

As a result of recently reported work from many laboratories it appears certain that the factor formerly known as vitamin G (B2) is a complex—one member of which is flavin and the other a relatively heat- and alkali-stable factor. Lack of this second factor leads to a “specific'form of dermatitis described in detail by Chick and co-workers,1 Gyorgy2 and others.Some difficulty, however, has been noted in various laboratories in inducing this particular dermatitis. The Sherman-Bourquin diet3 has been found very successful in general, particularly when the added precaution has been taken of using the Page anticoprophagy harness.4 However, Gyorgy noted that different results were obtained when different lots of wheat were used. Hogan and Richardson5 have shown that cornstarch contains an alcohol-soluble substance which cured dermatitis in their rats when they were given a diet of casein, sucrose, salts, cod liver oil and cellulose, plus an irradiated aqueous extract of yeast. If the diet contained starch in p...
First experiments with bent crystals: halo evacuation from proton colliders using bent crystals

History of bent crystal applications for steering high energy particles is outlined, from the prediction of the phenomenon to the first bending experiments and crystal beam extraction demonstrations. Monte Carlo calculations of crystal halo scrapers in colliders were performed and parameters of such scrapers were optimized.
Declines in Mammalian Foraging Efficiency during the Late Holocene, San Francisco Bay, California

Resource intensification models that have been posited for prehistoric California predict decreases in foraging efficiency during the late Holocene, Using implications of the fine-grained prey model of optimal foraging theory, I derive an index of the efficiency of vertebrate prey choice from the relative abundances of large- and small-sized prey items. I then test the intensification models with late Holocene mammalian faunas from San Francisco Bay shellmounds. Dramatic linear decreases in the relalive frequency of artiodactyls compared to the smaller sea otters (Enhydra lutris) throughout the occupational histories of particular localities strongly support the resource intensification models. The declines in artiodactyl abundances are not correlated with late Holocene climatic indices developed for this region, with changes in the seasonal use of shellmounds, or with technological innovations. An intra- and interregionally consistent pattern in declining abundances of large mammals in environmentally distinct regions throughout California suggests that resource depression driven by human predators may be the single most important cause of the declines. These patterns have far-reaching implications concerning the long-term human role in structuring prehistoric ecosystems.
Adsorption of alkyl trimethylammonium chlorides at a porous glass-potassium chloride solution interface.

The adsorption of dodecyl, tetradecyl, hexadecyl, and octadecyl trimethylammonium chlorides at an interface between porous glass and potassium chloride solution has been characterized by measurements of membrane potentials. The specific potential Φ is 0.97 kT per methylene group (where k is the Boltzmann constant and T is the absolute temperature) or 580 calories per mole at 23°C.
Behavior and personality assessment in men labeled adaptive sociopaths

Few efforts have been made to understand antisocial-prone individuals who maintain adaptive functioning. This study identified a sample of potentially deviant but adaptively functioning persons to determine whether they differed significantly from their more conforming peers. A small sample of men was selected by Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI)-defined criteria for sociopathy and compared with MMPI-defined normals of similar ages, backgrounds, and intelligence. Response variables were those cited in the literature as characteristic of sociopathic psychopathology and included measures of abilities to plan ahead and inhibit impulsiveness, sensation seeking, interpersonal performance and style, and behavior conformity. Men labeled adaptive sociopaths showed greater impulsiveness and needs for experience seeking, earned lower scores on measures of socialization and self-control, and admitted greater adolescent behavior deviance. They were not shown to be less empathetic or less able to relate interpersonally in interview. The potential role of socially constructive self-determined goals and tangible vocational rewards as mediators of adaptive behavior are discussed in terms of overcoming antisocial tendencies and attenuation of behavior disinhibition.
Selective attention in Alzheimer's disease: Characterizing cognitive subgroups of patients

Abstract Picture recognition was studied in 20 patients with AD and in 20 control subjects, using a procedure that matched these groups for initial performance. The groups did not differ significantly in overall forgetting, although 10 patients displayed improved recognition performance 72 hr after learning. These same patients were impaired in a test of attentional focusing, as revealed by post hoc analyses. A predictive experiment involving 20 new patients with AD confirmed the initial findings: a subgroup of patients displayed improved recognition performance 72 hr after learning and impairments in attentional focusing. Neuropsychological tests thus identify a subgroup of patients with impaired selective attention, perhaps related to locus coeruleus neuropathology.
Histamine increases [Ca(2+)](in) and activates Ca-K and nonselective cation currents in cultured human capillary endothelial cells.

We characterized the effects of histamine on intracellular Ca2+ and activation of ionic currents in human capillary endothelial cells. Histamine produced both a transient and sustained increase in intracellular Ca2+. The transient response was mediated largely through intracellular Ca2+ release and the sustained response was due to extracellular Ca2+ entry. The increase in intracellular Ca2+ by histamine was not affected by the H2 blocker cimetidine. But was entirely blocked by the H1 antagonist diphenhydramine showing that the histamine response in these cells is mediated through the H1 receptor. A transient ionic current is coactivated with the histamine-induced increase in intracellular Ca2+ and this current has several properties of a nonselective, Ca2+ permeable, cation channel (NSC). The magnitude of the NSC current does not strictly correlate with intracellular Ca2+ levels. A Ca2+-activated K+ current (BKCA) is activated by the increase in intracellular Ca2+ and this current is blocked by the selective BKCA blocker iberiotoxin.
Choosing Treatment for Depression in Older Adults and Evaluating Response

An update is provided on the current information regarding late life depression with regard to assessment, clinical implications, and treatment recommendations. Several treatments are considered evidence-based, but when deployed into field trials, the efficacy of these treatments falls short. It is thought that the lower impact in community trials is due in large part to patient, clinical, environmental, socio-economic, and cognitive correlates that influence treatment response. The aim is to assist providers in making decisions about what type of treatment to recommend based on a sound assessment of these clinical correlates.
High-throughput identification of proteins and unanticipated sequence modifications using a mass-based alignment algorithm for MS/MS de novo sequencing results.

With the increasing availability of de novo sequencing algorithms for interpreting high-mass accuracy tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) data, there is a growing need for programs that accurately identify proteins from de novo sequencing results. De novo sequences derived from tandem mass spectra of peptides often contain ambiguous regions where the exact amino acid order cannot be determined. One problem this poses for sequence alignment algorithms is the difficulty in distinguishing discrepancies due to de novo sequencing errors from actual genomic sequence variation and posttranslational modifications. We present a novel, mass-based approach to sequence alignment, implemented as a program called OpenSea, to resolve these problems. In this approach, de novo and database sequences are interpreted as masses of residues, and the masses, rather than the amino acid codes, are compared. To provide further flexibility, the masses can be aligned in groups, which can resolve many de novo sequencing errors. The per...
Destruction of WiDr multicellular tumor spheroids with the novel thymidylate synthase inhibitor 1843U89 at physiological thymidine concentrations.

The activity of a novel thymidylate synthase inhibitor, 1843U89, against WiDr human colon carcinoma multicellular tumor spheroids was investigated. Continuous exposure of the spheroids to 3 nM 1843U89 for 10 days resulted in spheroid disruption, whereas 100 nM methotrexate (MTX) was required for similar effects. Short-term treatment experiments demonstrated that a 3-day exposure to 100 nM 1843U89 caused spheroid disruption 9 days after drug removal. A 4-day exposure to 10 nM 1843U89 caused spheroid disruption 8 days after drug removal. In contrast, treatment with 10 or 100 nM 1843U89 for 6–48 h or treatment with 1 nM 1843U89 for up to 5 days caused only growth delay. Continuous exposure of spheroids to 30 nM 1843U89 in the presence of 0.05–0.3 μM thymidine was as effective in causing spheroid disruption as treatment in the absence of thymidine, but treatment in the presence of 0.7–3.0 μM thymidine caused partial reversal of spheroid disruption. The results of these experiments suggest that 1843U89 should have potent solid tumor activity in humans but should be less effective in mice due to differences in circulating thymidine levels (0.1 vs 1 μM, respectively).