cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The prevalence of low risk asthma in adults in a large health care program: An audit for diagnostic accuracy☆

Abstract Rationale We determined the prevalence in 2003 of reversible airflow obstruction (RAO) or methacholine hyper-reactivity (MHR) in adults, age 18–64, with physician diagnosed and/or treated low-risk asthma during 2001 identified by the Kaiser Permanente San Diego (KPSD) Asthma Case Identification Database (ACID). Methods ACID identifies all patients who received 2+ asthma medications or any asthma care in KPSD. In 2001 KPSD had 326,950 adult members, 12315 (3.76%) were in ACID, and 7460 (60.6%) were low risk. Low-risk was defined as no emergency visits or hospitalizations, Results 106 (26.5%) individuals started and 81 (76.4%) completed the work-up. Asthma based on at least a 12% improvement in FEV1 after albuterol or Adviar® or MHR was verified in 51 (48.1%) and of those 33 (64.3%) were allergic. There was no correlation between BMI and asthma. In 2001, the California Health Interview Survey (CHIS) determined 7.4% (95% CI 6.5 - 8.3) of San Diego County residents had active asthma. Conclusions Asthma documented by ACID is less common than reported by CHIS. Over 1/3 of adults requiring care for the asthma can not be confirmed to have RAO or MHR 2 years later.
Applying Formal Methods to the Analysis of a Key Management Protocol

In this paper we develop methods for analyzing key management and authentication protocols using techniques developed for the solutions of equations in a term rewriting system. In particular, we describe a model of a class of protocols and possible attacks on those protocols as term rewriting systems, and we also describe a software tool based on a narrowing algorithm that can be used in the analysis of such protocols. We formally model a protocol and describe the results of using these techniques to analyze security properties. We show how a security flaw was found, and we also describe the verification of a corrected scheme using these techniques.
Evaluative Attitudes Toward Presidential Performance: Content,Structure and Stability

This paper first uses new interview data to recheck the validity of a theoretical construct - a structure devised to classify and explain evaluative attitudes toward presidential performance. It then uses the revalidated schematic to update and extend earlier findings on the content (i.e., substance) of the standards driving judgments of presidents. Finally it examines the cross-time stability (i.e., the extent of change and continuity) in the importance of particular evaluative criteria. Each set of findings emerges from 779 coded interviews with ordinary citizens (recruited between 2005 and 2011 to demographically match and mimic random national samples). The full sample was used to update the structure and to identify the content of the most frequently mentioned standards across seven years of interviews. To assess stability samples interviewed during the presidencies George W. Bush and Barack Obama were separated for comparison. These sub samples identify and explain their criteria for assessing past presidents, then state and explain their overall and policy-specific judgments of the president in office when they were interviewed. Stability results highlight the dissimilar cross-time significance of various presidential traits, actions and outcomes. While the results presidents get are always important, they can be matched or overshadowed by other grounds for judgment according to the expectations of the times, the performance category in focus, and the agendas and styles of particular presidents
Ellipsometric study of cubic SiC

Variable angle spectroscopic ellipsometry (VASE) has been applied to cubic SiC. This technique gives absolute values of the refractive index (n) and the extinction coefficient (k) of a substrate and/or a thin film of an unknown material. The samples were grown by chemical vapor deposition (CVD) on p-type silicon. The substrate was aligned either on the (001.) axis or 1° off (001). Several growth temperatures and growth durations were used. The samples were divided into two groups: (a) thick films, of order 10 μm, grown near optimal conditions of temperature, flow and gas ratios; (b) thin films, of order 100A, grown at various temperatures.
The Mental Health Outcomes of Drought: A Systematic Review and Causal Process Diagram

Little is understood about the long term, indirect health consequences of drought (a period of abnormally dry weather). In particular, the implications of drought for mental health via pathways such as loss of livelihood, diminished social support, and rupture of place bonds have not been extensively studied, leaving a knowledge gap for practitioners and researchers alike. A systematic review of literature was performed to examine the mental health effects of drought. The systematic review results were synthesized to create a causal process diagram that illustrates the pathways linking drought effects to mental health outcomes. Eighty-two articles using a variety of methods in different contexts were gathered from the systematic review. The pathways in the causal process diagram with greatest support in the literature are those focusing on the economic and migratory effects of drought. The diagram highlights the complexity of the relationships between drought and mental health, including the multiple ways that factors can interact and lead to various outcomes. The systematic review and resulting causal process diagram can be used in both practice and theory, including prevention planning, public health programming, vulnerability and risk assessment, and research question guidance. The use of a causal process diagram provides a much needed avenue for integrating the findings of diverse research to further the understanding of the mental health implications of drought.
Right-wing authoritarianism and social dominance orientation: As mediators of worldview beliefs on attitudes related to the war on terror.

The purpose of this study was to test an integrative model in which worldview beliefs were treated as antecedents of right-wing authoritarianism (RWA) and social dominance orientation (SDO), and two sets of attitudes related to the War on Terror: endorsement of restrictions on human rights/civil liberties and support for the US military invasion of Iraq in 2003. Dangerous and competitive world beliefs significantly predicted RWA and SDO, respectively, during structural equation modeling. Whereas both RWA and SDO predicted endorsement of human rights/civil liberties attitudes, only RWA predicted support for military aggression against Iraq. Tests of indirect effects suggested that RWA mediated the effects of dangerous world beliefs on attitudes toward human rights/civil liberties and support for military aggression, whereas SDO mediated the effects of competitive world beliefs on attitudes toward human rights/civil liberties only.
Congenital Contractures, Ectodermal Dysplasia, Cleft Lip/Palate, and Developmental Impairment: A Distinct Syndrome

Brother were affected with severe congenital contractures, multiple cutaneous manifestations of ectodermal dysplasia, cleft lip/palate, and psychomotor and growth impairment. High resolution prometaphase chromosomes were normal. Molecular studies of DNA markers, closely flanking the X-linked hypohidrotic ectodermal dysplasia locus, did not show evidence of a submicroscopic deletion from the Xq12-q13 region. The parents and a normal sister exhibited none of these findings. This constellation of anomalies appears to represent a unique AR or XLR syndrome. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Topographical and geological amplification: case studies and engineering implications

Abstract Topographical and geological amplification that occurred during past earthquakes are quantified using spectral ratios of recorded motions. Several cases are presented from the 1985 Chilean and Mexican earthquakes as well as the 1983 Coalinga (California) and 1987 Supersition Hills (California) earthquake. The strong motions recorded in Mexico City during the 1985 Michoacan earthquake are supplemented by ambient motions recorded within Mexico City to quantify the now well known resonating frequencies of the Mexico City lakebed. Topographical amplification in Canal Beagle (Chile), Coalinga and Superstition Hills (California) are quantified using the ratios derived from the aftershocks following the earthquakes. A special dense array was deployed to record the aftershocks in each case. The implications of both geological and topographical amplification are discussed in light of current code provisions. The observed geological amplifications has already influenced the code provisions. Suggestions are made to the effect that the codes should include further provisions to take the amplification due to topography into account.
A Null Corrector for Paraboloidal Mirrors

A simple optical system consisting of two small lenses can be designed to take the place of a large flat in testing paraboloidal mirrors. Other aspheric concave mirrors can also be tested in this manner. The procedure for computing such a null corrector and the accuracy required in its manufacture and use are discussed.
Mechanistic basis for functional promiscuity in the TNF and TNF Receptor Superfamilies: Structure of the LIGHT:DcR3 Assembly

LIGHT initiates intracellular signaling via engagement of the two TNF receptors, HVEM and LTβR. In humans, LIGHT is neutralized by DcR3, a unique soluble member of the TNFR superfamily, which tightly binds LIGHT and inhibits its interactions with HVEM and LTβR. DcR3 also neutralizes two other TNF ligands, FasL and TL1A. Due to its ability to neutralize three distinct different ligands, DcR3 contributes to a wide range of biological and pathological processes, including cancer and autoimmune diseases. However, the mechanisms that support the broad specificity of DcR3 remain to be fully defined. We report the structures of LIGHT and the LIGHT:DcR3 complex, which reveal the structural basis for the DcR3-mediated neutralization of LIGHT and afford insights into DcR3 function and binding promiscuity. Based on these structures, we designed LIGHT mutants with altered affinities for DcR3 and HVEM, which may represent mechanistically informative probe reagents.
CLOZAPINE DRUG-DRUG INTERACTIONS : A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Clozapine is often used in combination with other medications. To date, there has been no comprehensive review of drug–drug interactions involving clozapine. This review summarizes published reports of suspected drug–drug interactions, and assesses their clinical significance. A computerized search was conducted using MEDLINE (1975–1996) to retrieve all reports of adverse events associated with the concurrent use of clozapine and other agents. Forty-three reports involving 19 different drugs were evaluated. Clozapine appeared to be involved in pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic interactions when prescribed concurrently with most major classes of therapeutic agents. In general, the addition of other medications with similar pharmacological effects or side-effects to clozapine may enhance these effects in an additive or possibly synergistic manner. The selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor fluvoxamine was involved in the most thoroughly documented pharmacokinetic interactions, while a number of reports were found implicating various benzodiazepines in apparent pharmacodynamic interactions. No clozapine–drug combination is absolutely contraindicated, but some members of a given therapeutic class may pose less risk than others when used concurrently with clozapine. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Spintronics: Beyond the speed limit.

Comb-shaped nanostrips pave the way for a fourfold velocity increase in the propagation of magnetic domain walls.
Ice depolarization of the COMSTAR beacon at 28.56 GHz during low fades and correlation with radar backscatter

Radar correlation with significant ice depolarization events accompanied by low copolarization fades of the 28.56-GHz COMSTAR beacon signal are described for an experimental program at Wallops Island, VA. Using a Faraday switch at the front end of the receiver, the copolarization and cross-polarization levels of the 28.56-GHz beacon signal are sequentially monitored. A nearby high resolution S -band radar pointing along the Earth-satellite path monitors the simultaneous ice and rain reflectivity. Excellent correlation is noted between the cross-polarization events and relatively large and extended ice reflectivities along a segment of the Earth-satellite path at altitudes near and above the 0°C isotherm. The radar and receiver data strongly suggest the cross-polarization mechanism is due to a hailshaft which intersects the path at altitudes well below the 0° isotherm. Since the intervening ice results in a cross-polarization signal which either adds or subtracts to the cross-polarization antenna residual, a method is described to remove the residual from the resultant measured cross-polarization level, without employing a phase measurement. Cumulative, month-of-year and time-of-day statistics associated with the depolarization signals are established.
Assessing the impact of riparian processes on streambank stability

The series of biennial United States (US) National Water Quality Inventory surveys shows no reduction in the percentage of degraded miles of streams since the early 1990s despite an exponential increase in river restoration projects to improve water quality, enhance in-stream habitat and manage the riparian zone. This may suggest that many river restoration projects fail to achieve their objectives. This is partly due to a lack of understanding of the dynamics of the degraded riverine system and its interaction with the riparian zone. These projects could, therefore, benefit from using proven models of stream and riparian processes to guide restoration design and to evaluate indicators of ecological integrity. The US Department of Agriculture has developed two such models: the channel evolution computer model CONCEPTS and the riparian ecosystem model REMM. These models have been integrated to evaluate the impact of edge-of-field and riparian conservation measures on stream morphology and water quality. Vegetative riparian conservation measures are commonly used to stabilize failing streambanks. The shear strength of bank soils is greatly affected by the degree of saturation of the soils and root reinforcement provided by riparian vegetation. The integrated model was used to study the effectiveness of woody and herbaceous riparian buffers in controlling streambank erosion of an incised stream in northern Mississippi. Comparison of model results with observations showed that pore-water pressures are accurately predicted in the upper part of the streambank, away from the groundwater table. Simulated pore-water pressures deviate from those observed lower in the streambank near the phreatic surface. These discrepancies are mainly caused by differences in the simulated location of the phreatic surface and simulated evapotranspiration in case of the woody buffer. The modelling exercise further showed that a coarse rooting system, e.g. as provided by trees, significantly reduced bank erosion rates for this deeply incised stream.
Marti on descriptions in Carnap's S2

This note is a friendly amendment to Marti’s analysis of the failure of Follesdal’s argument that modal distinctions collapse in Carnap’s logic S2. Follesdal’s argument turns on the treatment of descriptions. Marti considers how modal descriptions, which Carnap banned, might be handled; she adopts an approach which blocks Follesdal’s argument, but requires a separate treatment of non-modal descriptions. I point out that a more general treatment of descriptions in S2 is possible, and indeed is implicit in Marti’s informal discussion, and that this treatment also blocks Follesdal’s argument. Further, I show by a semantic argument that no revised version of Follesdal’s argument could establish a collapse of modal distinctions.
Aggregation and the existence of a social utility function

Abstract In a well-known paper Gorman ( Econometrica 21 (1953) ) established that the necessary and sufficient condition for the existence of an aggregate, or social, utility function, independent of the distribution of income, is that all individuals' income consumption paths be parallel straight lines. Recently Chipman ( J. Econ. Theory 8 (1974) ), building on the paper of Hurwicz and Uzawa (in “Preference Utility and Demand”) has shown that if the distribution of income is proportional and individual preferences are homothetic, aggregate consumption behavior obeys the necessary integrability conditions. It is shown here that the consistency of aggregate behavior can be derived from more general conditions than the ones used by Chipman and Gorman. Examples of demand systems from which aggregate behavior implies a social utility function are provided. It is then shown that if individual demand functions are linear in income—a form employed by both Gorman and Chipman—it is not necessary that the distribution of income be fixed.
Application of a Backwards Lagrangian Stochastic Model to Lidar Data to Estimate Particulate Matter Emissions

A backwards Lagrangian stochastic model will be applied to particulate matter mass calibrated Lidar data in order to estimate particulate matter emissions from a nearby source. This paper describes the methodology to be used.
Resource constraints on the battery energy storage potential for grid and transportation applications

Abstract Batteries have great promise for facilitating the grid integration of renewable energy and powering electric vehicles. One critical concern for the scale-up of battery production is the availability of the elements used in battery couples. We provide the first systematic comparison of supply limits and extraction costs of the elements in battery couples against short- and long-term scaling goals. Several couples can scale well beyond short- and long-term grid-storage goals, including: Na/S, Zn/Cl 2 , and FeCl 2 /CrCl 3 . Li-based couples currently have the performance characteristics most suitable for electric vehicles, yet scaling beyond 10 MM vehicles per year will demand significant increases in Li production. We also provide a framework to evaluate new couples, such as those based on Mg, which may be an alternative to Li-based couples. While the extraction costs of the elements used in current battery couples are, in many cases, below 10 $ kWh −1 , the cost of finished battery cells is in the range of 150–1000 $ kWh −1 , well above cost targets of 100 $ kWh −1 for both grid and transportation applications. Currently high costs remain a critical barrier to the widespread scale-up of battery energy storage.
Modeling the integrated roles of insurance and retrofit in managing natural disaster risk: a multi-stakeholder perspective

This paper introduces a new modeling framework to understand and improve regional natural disaster risk management in the USA, including the interactions among key stakeholders and between the two important risk management mechanisms of insurance and retrofit. The framework includes a stochastic programming optimization to represent insurer decisions, which interacts with a utility-based model of individual homeowners’ decisions to insure and/or retrofit. Reinsurer and government roles are represented as inputs, and the decision models are integrated with a detailed regional catastrophe loss estimation model. This modeling framework is applied to a full-scale, realistic case study for hurricane risk to residential buildings in Eastern North Carolina. Several alternative system configurations are considered that affect the incentives for adoption of alternative risk management methods. They include providing a government subsidy for insured homeowners to encourage retrofit, providing both a government subsidy and insurance rebate to reduce retrofit costs, and mandating insurance purchase with a cap on insurance premiums. For each configuration, outcomes are presented from the perspectives of all key stakeholders—primary insurer, homeowners (insured and uninsured, in high- and low-risk areas), reinsurers, and the government. Results suggest that it is possible to design policies in which all stakeholders can be better off simultaneously. Retrofit incentives for insured homeowners can be effective in linking and strengthening the benefits of retrofit and insurance. Mandatory insurance coupled with capped profit loading factors and possibly retrofit rebates from the insurer to the homeowner can also reduce overall system risk.
Histoire de rue: Les nuits révolutionnaires de rétif de la bretonne

As part of his enormous literary production, eighteenth-century French writer Retif de la Bretonne wrote a sprawling, sixteen-volume work called Les Nuits de Paris, a picturesque and moralistic description of life among the Parisian lower classes. Covering the years 1789-93, the last two volumes, often called Les Nuits revolutionnaires, are of particular interest since they narrate the author's daily walks in Paris during the French Revolution. In Retif's text, written in a journalistic style, history appears only as it is played out, contemplated and interpreted on the street and by the street. The author argues that Retif reshapes both the "temoignage" and the "promenade" genres by welding them together. The result is a strikingly modern understanding of the importance of reporting history-in-the-making at street level, as ordinary people experience it.
Use of rapid sequence intubation predicts improved survival among patients intubated after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.

a b s t r a c t Objective: Some observational studies indicate that endotracheal intubation is associated with a worse outcome compared to bag-mask ventilation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in emergency medical services (EMS) systems without rapid sequence intubation (RSI). We evaluated the role of RSI in airway management following cardiac arrest. Methods: We conducted a cohort study of all non-traumatic arrest patients treated by a metropolitan EMS system from 2007 to 2011. Advanced airway management information was obtained from a prospective airway registry and linked to a cardiac arrest registry. We used multivariate logistic regression to estimate the association between attempted intubation status and survival to hospital discharge. Results: Of 3133 patients, 82% underwent attempted intubation without RSI, 15% underwent attempted RSI, and 3% experienced no intubation attempt. Survival to hospital discharge differed by attempted intu- bation status: 11% (n = 291/2576) for intubation without RSI, 48% (n = 226/471) for RSI, and 71% (n = 61/86) for "no intubation." Compared to the intubation without RSI group, the adjusted odds ratios of survival were 5.6 (95% CI 4.3, 7.2) for the RSI group and 15 (95% CI 9, 27) for the "no intubation" group. Conclusion: In this population-based cohort of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, RSI was used in 15% of patients and associated with a better prognosis than intubation attempted without paralytics. Because this subset with a favorable prognosis may not be readily intubated in systems without paralytics, these findings could help to explain the adverse relationship between intubation and survival observed in prior studies.
NON-UNISON DYNAMICS OF MULTIPLE CENTRIFUGAL PENDULUM VIBRATION ABSORBERS

Centrifugal pendulum vibration absorber (CPVA) systems are used to decrease steady state torsional vibration levels and extend operating ranges for rotating and reciprocating machinery. They are typically sized and designed for a given harmonic using the assumption that a set of identical absorbers move in exact unison. Herein an investigation is carried out to determine the consequences, in terms of system performance, of a recently uncovered dynamic instability of this unison motion. The system considered consists of a rigid rotor andNCPVA's riding on epicycloidal paths tuned to ordern, the same as the dominant order of the applied torque. Using two co-ordinate transformations and the method of averaging, the system dynamics can be modelled by a set of 2Nfirst order, internally resonant, autonomous differential equations. A bifurcation analysis of these equations shows that the post-bifurcation dynamics, in which a single absorber moves out of step with its partners, is dynamically stable and leads to the worst-case (that is, the smallest) operating torque range. Furthermore, it is found that the rotor acceleration undergoes a mild saturation, leading to slightly improved performance beyond the instability. Analytical estimates of the torque range and the rotor acceleration are derived based on a truncated version of the equations, and more accurate estimates are obtained from a numerical solution of the non-truncated equations. The results are compared with numerical simulations.
On the choosability of complete multipartite graphs with part size three

Abstract Let K m∗r be the complete r-partite graph with m vertices in each part. Erdős, Rubin, and Taylor showed that K 2∗r is r-choosable and suggested the problem of determining the choosability of K m∗r . We show that K 3∗r is exactly ⌈(4 r −1)/3⌉ choosable.
Sunscreens: An overview and update

Sunscreens are an important aspect of photoprotection. Their efficacy in reducing photocarcinogenesis and photoaging is widely documented. Although there are concerns regarding long-term sunscreen safety, the advantages of sunscreen use are far more compelling. In addition, novel technologies and ultraviolet filters are improving the aesthetics and efficacy of modern products.
Measurement of seating comfort

Abstract Seating comfort in general and specifially vehicular seating comfort are described in this paper. The biomechanical aspect of seating and the effect of each component of the seat on comfort are explained. Different methodologies applied to seat comfort evaluation including anotomical recommendations, subjective evaluation, dimensional measurement, and seated pressure distribution measurements are described.
To Gli or not to Gli.

In this issue of Blood , Liu et al demonstrate that CD138+ myeloma plasma cells produce and secrete sonic hedgehog (SHH) protein, which is used in an autocrine fashion to maintain cell viability and proliferation.[1][1] ![Figure][2] Myeloma plasma cells, as depicted by antibody secretion,
Time-Dependent Behavior of Continuous Composite Integral Abutment Bridges

Integral abutment bridges provide bridge engineers with an economical and attractive design alternative to traditional bridges with thermal expansion joints. Very limited design and construction guidelines are available and no unified design procedures exist, hence there is a lack of enthusiasm to adopt integral abutment bridges for long spans. Time-dependent effects of creep, shrinkage, and temperature on composite superstructure, soil pressure from abutment backfill, and soil-substructure-superstructure interaction are the main parameters governing the design. Analytical models and numerical procedures are developed for predicting instantaneous linear and nonlinear time-dependent long-term behavior of continuous composite integral abutment bridges. The redistributions of moments due to temperature gradient, creep, shrinkage, and restraints provided by abutment foundation and backfill have been considered in the analysis. The substructure system is modeled as discrete springs for translational and rotational degrees of freedom. A numerical design example is illustrated showing the deformations and stresses due to time-dependent effects on a continuous composite deck due to typical sustained loads and compared with those of the conventional bridge system on seat-type abutments. The axial forces and moments on the piles supporting the abutment were used to analyze the behavior of the laterally loaded piles. Recommendations are presented for the analysis and design of integral abutment bridges.
One-step Semiparametric Estimation of the GARCH Model

In maximum likelihood estimation, the real but unknown innovation distribution is often replaced by a nonparametric estimate, and thus the estimation procedure becomes semiparametric. These semiparametric approaches generally involve two steps: the first step that incorporate an initial estimate of the model parameter to produce a residual sample, and the second step that uses the residuals to estimate the likelihood, which is subsequently maximized to obtain the final estimate of the model parameter. Therefore, the characteristics of the initial input estimator may be carried over to the final semiparametric estimator, and the performance of the semiparametric estimator will be impaired if the input estimate is deficient. In this article we have studied a onestep semiparametric estimator where no initial input is necessary. The estimation procedure is illustrated via a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (GARCH) model. Asymptotic properties of the estimator are established, and finite sample performance of the estimator is evaluated via simulation. The results suggest that the proposed one-step semiparametric estimator avoids significant drawbacks of its two-step counterparts. (JEL: C02, C22, C51)
Determination of protein in preparations of microsomes.

Abstract Nine protein assay procedures based on the phenol, biuret, and picryl sulfonate reactions were compared as to their suitability for the determination of protein in microsomal preparations. All of the methods gave comparable results except the “macrobiuret,” which showed light-scattering interference, and the routine assays of Lowry et al. (1) and Schacterle and Pollack (14) which gave low values with calcium-precipitated microsomes. The advantages and disadvantages of the various assays relative to simplicity, interferences, and sensitivity are discussed. Three of the assay methods, the “insoluble biuret” (17) “nonaqueous biruet” (18), and a modification of the assay described by Schacterle and Pollack (14) (which is a modification of the assay of Lowry et al. (1), are particularly recommended.
1277 CONGENITAL CHYLOTHORAX-THREE CASES PRESENTING WITH EDEMA OF THE THORAX AND ABDOMEN

Three infants with congenital chylothorax have recently presented. Two of these were full-term females and the third was a 36 week male. Each pregnancy was uncomplicated and had spontaneous vertex vaginal deliveries. Immediately after birth each infant had severe respiratory distress requiring intubation and ventilation. Each showed significant edema limited to the chest wall and trunk with no other physical anomalies. The chest x-ray in each case revealed large bilateral pleural effusions. Chest tubes were inserted and >200 cc of serous fluid containing >3,000 WBC(98% lymphs) was drained from each thorax. With the removal of the fluid, 2 of the 3 infants improved markedly with both edema and respiratory distress resolving within 5 days. There was no recurrence of fluid even after feedings were begun. The premature male continued to require maximal respiratory support and died of respiratory failure at 12 days. The histopathology of his lung revealed changes consistent with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. In summary, congenital chylothorax must be considered in a newborn with respiratory distress, pleural effusions and edema limited to the thorax and abdomen.
Pharmacological effects of methamphetamine and other stimulants via inhalation exposure

The effects of methamphetamine-HCl, methcathinone-HCl, cocaine and ephedrine on locomotor stimulation were compared between inhalation exposure and i.v. injection in mice. Methamphetamine-HCl was readily volatilized upon heating at 300 degrees C in a glass pipe with only trace amounts of amphetamine being produced. The ED50 dose (9.4 and 6.5 mumol/kg for inhalation exposure and i.v. injections, respectively) and biodisposition of methamphetamine-HCl were similar for both routes of administration. Methcathinone-HCl and cocaine were readily volatilized. Their dose response profiles also appeared similar for both routes of administration. Ephedrine did not appear to be easily volatilized and was only effective in stimulating locomotor activity after i.v. administration. These findings indicate that inhalation exposure to methamphetamine-HCl, cocaine and methcathinone possess similar pharmacological characteristics as the i.v. route of administration. In particular, this model may have implications in predicting the pharmacological activity of various stimulants via the inhalation route of administration.
Dinuclear Fe(II) macrocyclic complexes as catalysts for the oxidation of hydrocarbons by molecular oxygen

Abstract Two dinucleating macrocyclic ligands [24]RBPyBC and [30]RBBPyBC, containing phenolate pyridine, bipyridine, and amino groups form dinuclear Fe(II) and Fe(III) complexes in which the Fe(II) and Fe(III) centers are coordinated and bridged by the phenolate groups. The dinuclear iron(II) complexes of these ligands react with molecular oxygen and catalyze its insertion into cyclohexane and adamantane in the presence of a two-electron reductant, such as H2S. The hydrocarbons are mainly hydroxylated but some ketonization product is also formed. The reaction rates and yields compare favorably with other catalytic systems. A possible mechanism is suggested for the hydroxylation reaction.
Technical terminology: some linguistic properties and an algorithm for identification in text

This paper identifies some linguistic properties of technical terminology, and uses them to formulate an algorithm for identifying technical terms in running text. The grammatical properties discussed are preferred phrase structures: technical terms consist mostly of noun phrases containing adjectives, nouns, and occasionally prepositions; rerely do terms contain verbs, adverbs, or conjunctions. The discourse properties are patterns of repetition that distinguish noun phrases that are technical terms, especially those multi-word phrases that constitute a substantial majority of all technical vocabulary, from other types of noun phrase.The paper presents a terminology indentification algorithm that is motivated by these linguistic properties. An implementation of the algorithm is described; it recovers a high proportion of the technical terms in a text, and a high proportaion of the recovered strings are vaild technical terms. The algorithm proves to be effective regardless of the domain of the text to which it is applied.
Complexity of EBV homologous DNA in continuous lymphoblastoid cell lines.

Abstract The complexity of Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV) homologous DNA in 11 EBV-infected lymphoblastoid cell lines which have been passaged for several years in culture was determined by hybridization of lymphoblastoid cell DNA to DNA extracted from EBV purified from HR-1 cells and labeled in vitro. Five of the cell lines analyzed contained no early (EA) or viral capsid (VCA) antigens which have been associated with the replication of EBV. Two other cell lines contained EA but not VCA. Of the seven VCA-negative cell lines, those which contained some early antigen or in which early antigen could be induced with IUDR had 56, 48, and 25 copies per diploid cell genome of more than 90% of the sequences of EBV DNA. Five cell lines which did not contain EA even after induction had 23, 8, 8, 6, and 2 copies per cell of the EBV genome. The data indicate that there is a correlation between the number of copies of EBV DNA in nonpermissive cells and the ability of these cells to express EA. Three of the five EA and VCA negative nonpermissive cell lines contained DNA homologous to more than 90% of the sequences of EBV DNA. The kinetics of hybridization of the DNA of two other nonpermissive cell lines, Namalwa and SKL, which contain two and eight copies, respectively, of some EBV DNA sequences, suggest but do not prove that these cell lines may contain incomplete viral genomes. The retention of the full complexity of viral DNA in most nonpermissive lymphoblastoid cell lines may be related to the relatively large number of copies of the viral genome in these cells.
Modern sedimentary processes in the Wilmington Canyon area, U.S. east coast

Abstract Sedimentary processes active in the Wilmington Canyon area during the past century are documented from geochronologic, sedimentologic, and radiographic analysis of sediment cores collected using primarily D.S.R.V. Alvin . Site selection for the Alvin dives, and for collection of box and kasten cores, was achieved using Sea MARC and SeaBeam data, allowing accurate sampling of numerous subenvironments from this extensively dissected area of the continental margin. 210 Pb sediment accumulation rates from intercanyon areas are highest on the upper slope, 1.7 mm/yr (140 mg/cm 2 /yr), and decrease with water depth to about 0.4 mm/yr (36 mg/cm 2 /yr) on the upper rise. Within submarine canyons, accumulation rates vary dramatically, from a maximum of > 6 mm/yr (> 500 mg/cm 2 /yr) to less than 0.3 mm/yr (22 mg/cm 2 /yr). Higher accumulation rates in canyons occur as a result of additional supply of older sediment, probably from bioerosion of the canyon walls. This is supported by observations from D.S.R.V. Alvin , reduced 210 Pb activities, and indurated mud clasts observed in several canyon cores. Extremely low accumulation rates in Wilmington and South Wilmington canyons are probably the result of strong episodic boundary currents. Non-steady-state 210 Pb profiles and sedimentologic data indicate small-scale mass wasting in South Heyes Canyon and on the lower slope and rise just north of Wilmington Canyon.
Primary Anatomic Double-Bundle Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction A Preliminary 2-Year Prospective Study

Background:The anterior cruciate ligament consists of 2 functional bundles, the anteromedial bundle and the posterolateral bundle. Single-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction is the current standard for the treatment of anterior cruciate ligament deficiency. However, a significant subset of patients continues to report residual symptoms of instability after such reconstruction.Hypothesis:Anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction may more closely restore normal kinematics of the knee by reproducing the native anatomy.Study Design:Case series; Level of evidence, 4.Methods:We report the current clinical outcomes of the initial 100 consecutive patients who underwent anatomic double-bundle anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction with an average follow-up of 2.1 ± 0.5 years. All patients were prospectively followed to document range of motion, ligamentous laxity, and functional strength, as well as activity and sports participation.Results:Side-to-side difference in range of...
Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 3 Is a Negative Regulator of Bone Growth

Abstract Endochondral ossification is a major mode of bone formation that occurs as chondrocytes undergo proliferation, hypertrophy, cell death, and osteoblastic replacement. We have identified a role for fibroblast growth factor receptor 3 (FGFR-3) in this process by disrupting the murine Fgfr-3 gene to produce severe and progressive bone dysplasia with enhanced and prolonged endochondral bone growth. This growth is accompanied by expansion of proliferating and hypertrophic chondrocytes within the cartilaginous growth plate. Thus, FGFR-3 appears to regulate endochondral ossification by an essentially negative mechanism, limiting rather than promoting osteogenesis. In light of these mouse results, certain human disorders, such as achondroplasia, can be interpreted as gain-of-function mutations that activate the fundamentally negative growth control exerted by the FGFR-3 kinase.
The New Economic Readjustment Policies: Implications for Chinese Urban Working Women

This paper examines critically a cluster of recent economic policy initiatives in the People's Republic of China known as the New Economic Readjustment Policies, and analyzes their probable impacts on the equality differentials between Chinese women and men as broad categories of urban workers. After reviewing the post-Mao policy context and goals of the current modernization campaigns, the paper analyzes six aspects of the New Economic Readjustment Policies as they are likely to affect urban working women: (1) sex-segmentation in the work force; (2) wage differentials; (3) moral and material incentives; (4) older women in the work force; (5) management opportunities for women; and (6) consumerism and housework. This analysis is followed by the responses of the All-China Women's Federation to these concerns, and a discussion of the current political work of the All-China Women's Federation.
How far is the future

How far is the future? Not that far, really, since the present contains many of the elements featured in the five International Campaign to Revitalise Academic Medicine (ICRAM) scenarios.1 The problem is that we have the worst possible combination: market rules dictating where to go in a world where most people are not even part of the market; an academic environment in which everyone is torn between conflicting demands; and scientists who have second thoughts about mingling with other sciences and dread being in the public eye. The good thing is that the seeds for change are also here. And while …
Metal Embedded Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors in Layered Manufacturing

Layered Manufacturing can build functional smart parts with sensors, integrated circuits, complete functional assemblies, and actuators placed within the structure and fully embedded. These sensors can be used to gain data for validating or improving designs during the prototype stage or to obtain information on the performance and structural integrity of functional components in service. A sequence for embedding fiber optic sensors in metals via Layered Manufacturing is developed. Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors, embedded in nickel and stainless steel were characterized for temperature and strain measurements. Moreover, a decoupling technique that is capable of separating temperature and strain effects was also developed. This paper also presents the application of the embedded sensors to monitor residual strains during laser-assisted Layered Manufacturing.
Radar Identification of Naval Vessels

A scheme is presented for the identification of naval vessels via active multiple-frequency radar interrogation. A major virtue of the described method is the use of a response waveform synthesized using amplitude data only. A prediction correlation using natural resonances associated with substructures on the vessels is applied to synthetically generated matched-filter response waveforms. The identification scheme is tested using measured model data for 8 vessels on a simulated sea surface. A correct identification probability of roughly 77 percent is obtained.
War and Press Freedom: The Problem of Prerogative Power

Over the course of the two centuries between the ratification of the First Amendment in 1791 and the Gulf War in 1991, the American press lacked an adequate right to analyse and report on this nation's armed conflicts. When restrictions were challenged as violations of the Constitution, military regulations and federal laws were justified as necessary under the "higher law" of survival. Is there some law more important than the Constitution which allows prerogative powers to be used in a time of war or national crisis? This groundbreaking and provocative study, examining law and history over these two hundred years, argues that press freedom cannot and should not be suspended during armed conflict. Author Smith maintains that the military and the media must work together on such matters, for neither has authority over the other.
Determination of the maximum modulus, or of the specified gain, of a servomechanism by complex-variable differentiation

A problem of frequent occurrence in servomechanism analysis and design is that of determining the maximum modulus Mm, and the angular frequency at which it occurs, of the over-all frequency-transfer function M(j?) = C(j?)/R(j?). Those textbooks1?4 which present a comprehensive, integrated account of basic servomechanism theory advance, in considerable detail, two procedures for determining the maximum modulus Mm of M(j?) for a unity feedback system, namely, by plot of the transfer function G(j?) on a chart of circles of constant values of modulus |M(j?)|, or on a Nichol's chart of circles of constant values of modulus |M(j?)|. Further, if the feedback transfer function H(s) although nonunity is yet a pure numeric H(s) = Kn, then, according to well-known theory $\eqalignno{{C(j \, \omega) \over R (j \, \omega)} = M (j \omega) \cr = {1 \over K_{h}} \, {G(j \omega) K_h \over 1 +G(j \omega) K_{h}} \cr = {1 \over K_{j}} \times M_{1}(j \omega) \hbox{(1)}}$ and Mm can yet be determined by obtaining M1m through plot of G1(j?) = G(j?)Kh as just mentioned and thence calculating Mm from Mm = M1m/Kh.
Extension block pinning for large mallet fractures

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this report is to review the results of displaced mallet fractures treated with an extension block pin and transarticular fixation of the distal interphalangeal joint. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed 23 patients with 24 fractures to determine the results of treatment, time to union, range of motion, and associated complications. Results: The average patient age was 24 years and the average fracture size was 40% of the joint surface. Ten patients were treated acutely (less than 10 days), 10 subacutely (10-30 days), and 3 chronically (greater than 30 days). Average time to fracture union was 35 days. At 1-year or greater follow-up evaluation the average extension loss was 4° and the average flexion was 77°. There were no major complications and there were 5 minor complications. Using the established outcome criteria for mallet injuries, 92% had excellent or good results. Conclusions: The results of this study showed that this surgical technique resulted in rapid fracture union with only minor complications and has excellent functional outcome based on established criteria. (J Hand Surg 2003;28A:453-459. Copyright © 2003 by the American Society for Surgery of the Hand.)
Effect of cardiopulmonary bypass and haemodilution on some constitunts of blood

Serial determinations of electiolytes and crystalloids were done in 18 patnents undergoing whole-body perfusion with moderate hlypothermia In six patients, the perfusate used was whole blood, and in twelve patients the perfusate used was diluted and contained 60 per cent blood In six patients perfused with haemodilution, haematocrit and electrophoretic protein patterns were also studied
Adenocarcinoma of the ileum with an enterotubal fistula presenting as an adnexal mass

Small bowel adenocarcinomas account for 3% of gastrointestinal malignancies, and 20 to 25% of these arise in the ileum. Clinical presentation is variable, and early diagnosis is difficult. A 56-year-old postmenopausal woman presented with crampy abdominal pain, anorexia, and weight loss. Pelvic examination and ultrasound revealed a 6 x 8-cm complex right adnexal mass. At laparotomy, en bloc resection of the right adnexa and the densely adherent ileal segment was performed along with a hysterectomy and a left salpingo-oophorectomy. The final pathology showed a moderately differentiated invasive adenocarcinoma of the ileum with a malignant enterotubal fistula. This is the first case reported in the literature of an ileal adenocarcinoma with a tubal fistula masquerading as an adnexal mass.