cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Inhibition of carcinogenesis by minor dietary constituents.

Abstract A major foundation of the field of cancer chemoprevention has resided in an impressive number of animal studies showing that cancer can be prevented by a variety of chemical compounds. In the search for increasingly effective inhibitors, both synthetic and naturally occurring compounds are being investigated. One group of naturally occurring compounds of particular interest consists of minor dietary nonnutrients. Foods of plant origin frequently contain as much as several per cent of these compounds. In recent years there has been a growing awareness that they may have important effects on the consequences of exposure to carcinogenic agents. This information comes from studies of whole diets; individual dietary constituents, particularly those from plants; and finally from investigations of pure compounds. The nonnutrient inhibitors of carcinogenesis have several different mechanisms of action. Some are blocking agents; i.e., they prevent carcinogens from reaching or reacting with critical target sites. Others are suppressing agents; i.e., they prevent evolution of the neoplastic process in cells that otherwise would become malignant. Occasionally, one compound will show both mechanisms. The nonnutrient compounds have the important attribute of there being data on their consumption by humans. Thus, it may be possible to evaluate their impact on cancer risk. Ultimately, information pertaining to these compounds may be useful in terms of diet selection or their use as dietary supplements.
An Algorithmic Study of Exact Route Matching for Integrated Circuits

As system-on-chip designs are getting more popular, the importance of design automation for analog and mixed-signal integrated circuits is increasing. In this paper, we study the problem of exact route matching, which is an important physical design constraint commonly imposed on specific analog signals for the purpose of correct functionality. For this, we first propose a mathematical formulation that models the route matching problem exactly. Based on this formulation, we derive important theoretical conclusions, and propose dynamic-programming and heuristic search algorithms to solve the min-cost route matching problem. We also discuss various practical considerations related to this problem. Our experimental results show the effectiveness of our algorithms.
Neurosarcoidosis: rare initial presentation with seizures and delirium

A previously healthy 37-year-old African-American man presented to the emergency department with a seizure. The seizure was generalized, tonic clonic and lasted for 15 s, followed by loss of consciousness for about 30 min. There was no history of tongue biting, bowel or bladder incontinence. The patient reported ongoing headache accompanied by nausea for 2 months prior to hospital admission. The headache was diffuse, dull and episodic lasting 3–30 min. The headache worsened with bright light and he denied blurring of vision or vomiting. He reported a weight loss of 20 pounds in 1 month. He denied neck stiffness and sensitivity to light or sound. He had no known drug allergies and was not on any medications at the time of admission. There was no known family history of neurologic disease. He smoked cigars, drank alcohol occasionally, but did not use recreational drugs. He was in a monogamous relationship. Physical examination revealed that the patient was lethargic, oriented with slow response to questions. His temperature was 36.4°C, pulse rate was 86/min and oxygen saturation was 98%, while he was breathing ambient room air. His pupils were equal and reactive to light and accommodation. Cranial nerves II to XII were intact. The neck was supple. Muscle bulk and tone were normal. Muscle strength was 5/5 in all the four extremities. Deep tendon reflexes were 1+ and symmetric, and the plantar responses were flexor. There was no incoordination on …
β-Lactam synthesis: Chemospecific sulfonation and cyclization of the β-hydroxyvaline nucleus

Abstract The intramolecular cyclization of “hydroxamate” 3 using Mitsunobu conditions was inefficient for the formation and isolation of the C-4 dimethyl monobactam 4 . However, chemospecific O-sulfonation of 1 and subsequent cyclization with base provides a useful method for β-lactam synthesis from a sterically hindered β-hydroxy amino acid. Competitive rearrangement of 3 also occurs during cyclization providing isomeric β-lactam 5 .
The Effect of Estradiol-17β-monopalmitate and Surgical Caponization on Production Efficiencies, Yields and Organic Characteristics of Chicken Broilers

Abstract INTRODUCTION As per capita consumption of poultry meat increases, the poultry industry continues to improve the quality of the meat. Appearance, juiciness, tenderness and flavor are all important factors. Surgical caponization of cockerels has been practiced for centuries to improve or maintain quality of the meat by promoting fattening and allowing the birds to grow to a larger size without their meat becoming stringy and tough. Diethylstilbestrol (DES) has been used for a number of years to promote fattening. This compound is no longer approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in birds for human consumption. Recently, estradiol-17β-monopalmitate (EMP) was approved by the Food and Drug Administration for use in improving quality of chicken meat. Wesley et al. (1965) injected 6-week old chickens with 10 mg. of EMP and noted a highly significant strain response. Except for one strain, feed efficiency was improved. Moreng and Hopwood (1965) hormonized…
Propitious aggregation: reducing participant burden in ego-centric network data collection

One of the central challenges of ego-centric or personal social network research is minimizing the quantity of data that is requested from research participants while ensuring high data accuracy and validity. In general, collecting data about increasingly larger ego-centric networks places an increasing burden on respondents. The web-based Propitious Aggregation of Social Networks (PASN, http://pro.pitio.us) survey instrument reduces this burden by leveraging network data already available in the context of social network websites, and by providing an intuitive click-and-drag interface for survey responses. An experiment was conducted (N = 85), and the PASN method was found to produce networks which were significantly larger and more diverse than those produced using standard survey methods, yet required significantly lower time investments from participants.
Impurity in a Common Growth Medium Component: Presence of an Isoflavonoid in Samples of l-Asparagine

An impurity, present in some samples of l-asparagine, gave genistein on acid hydrolysis. The contaminant (probably the glucoside of genistein) was metabolized by Mycobacterium phlei to genistein and prunetin.
CERVICAL MYELOPATHY COMPLICATING MULTIPLE JOINT REPLACEMENT IN RHEUMATOID DISEASE

The incidence of cervical myelopathy and subluxation was investigated in 48 patients with rheumatoid disease who had three or more major lower limb joint replacements. Eight (17%) developed cervical myelopathy requiring cervical fusion. This was the subsequent cause of death in two. Four further patients demonstrated clinical features of myelopathy. Cervical subluxation was present in 29 of 44 (66%) in whom adequate radiographs were available. The development of cervical symptoms and signs could not have been predicted from the sex, age of onset, duration of disease or steroid therapy. Radiographic changes in the cervical spine were independent of major lower limb joint destruction and were often not present when planning a programme of joint replacement. Fifty-one control patients were studied. Cervical myelopathy occurred in 2 (4%) and subluxation in 24 (47%). The development of rheumatoid changes in the cervical spine was unrelated to involvement of the hip or knee joints in the control group. There was a significant (p less than 0.05) increase in the incidence of cervical myelopathy in patients with multiple lower limb joint replacements compared with the control population.
The use of an E1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus recombinant expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein for early vaccination of mice against rabies virus.

An E1-deleted, replication-defective adenovirus recombinant of the human strain 5 expressing the rabies virus glycoprotein, termed Adrab.gp, was tested in young mice. Mice immunized at birth with the Adrab.gp construct developed antibodies to rabies virus and cytokine-secreting lymphocytes and were protected against subsequent challenge. Maternal immunity to rabies virus strongly interferes with vaccination of the offspring with a traditional inactivated rabies virus vaccine. The immune response to the rabies virus glycoprotein, as presented by the Adrab.gp vaccine, on the other hand, was not impaired by maternal immunity. Even neonatal immunization of mice born to rabies virus-immune dams with Adrab.gp construct resulted in a long-lasting protective immune response to rabies virus, suggesting that this type of vaccine could be useful for immunization shortly after birth. Nevertheless, pups born to Adrab.gp virus-immune dams showed an impaired immune response to the rabies virus glycoprotein upon vaccination with the Adrab.gp virus, indicating that maternal immunity to the vaccine carrier affected the offspring's immune response to rabies virus.
Assigned value improves memory of proper names

Names are more difficult to remember than other personal information such as occupations. The current research examined the influence of assigned point value on memory and metamemory judgements for names and occupations to determine whether incentive can improve recall of proper names. In Experiment 1 participants studied face-name and face-occupation pairs assigned 1 or 10 points, made judgements of learning, and were given a cued recall test. High-value names were recalled more often than low-value names. However, recall of occupations was not influenced by value. In Experiment 2 meaningless nonwords were used for both names and occupations. The name difficulty disappeared, and value influenced recall of both names and occupations. Thus value similarly influenced names and occupations when meaningfulness was held constant. In Experiment 3 participants were required to use overt rote rehearsal for all items. Value did not boost recall of high-value names, suggesting that differential processing could not be implemented to improve memory. Thus incentives may improve memory for proper names by motivating people to engage in selective rehearsal and effortful elaborative processing.
The spectrum of eating disturbances

Objective: The purpose of this paper was to review and summarize the research literature on the spectrum of eating disturbances. Method: Literature was searched using a computer data base to identify recent articles related to the prevalence and occurrence of disturbed eating patterns as well as full and partial syndrome eating disorders (EDs). Results: This review indicates that the prevalence of partial syndrome EDs in nonclinical populations is at least twice that of full syndrome EDs, and that there is a progression in some individuals from less to more severe disturbances in eating behavior. Discussion: These findings suggest the need for careful, scientific evaluation of risk factors for EDs in both children and adults. A longitudinal research program in progress is described which aims to identify the risk factors for EDs. © 1995 by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Condom avoidance and determinants of demand for male circumcision in Johannesburg, South Africa

Background Circumcision is efficacious in reducing HIV acquisition in heterosexual males. The South Africa government has been reluctant to adopt a national circumcision programme, possibly due to concerns that circumcision may result in decreased condom use. Objective To identify the determinants of demand for male circumcision, to examine variations by ethnicity, and to determine whether it is demanded to avoid condom use. Methods 403 parents and 237 sons in Johannesburg, South Africa, were recruited through a randomized household survey, with oversampling to balance between blacks (n ¼ 220), ‘coloured’ (mixed ethnicity) (n ¼ 202) and whites (n ¼ 218). The demand for male circumcision was estimated using a conjoint analysis, with each respondent randomly receiving four tasks comparing seven possible benefits—six identified through key informant interviews and one for condom avoidance. Respondents’ choices were analysed using logistic regression, including stratified analyses to test for homogeneity. Results Overall, circumcision’s beneficial effects on HIV transmission (P < 0.001), sexually transmitted infection (STI) transmission (P < 0.001), hygiene (P < 0.05) and sex (P < 0.05) were identified as determinants of demand, but the condom avoidance hypothesis was rejected as it was ‘repulsive’ to respondents (P < 0.001). Consistent results were found for blacks (P < 0.001) and coloured (P < 0.001), but not for whites who found condom avoidance attractive (P < 0.04), a result not explained by variations in wealth, age or paternal circumcision status. Conclusions Male circumcision programmes should be tailored to accommodate variations in the determinants of demand across the target population. We find that circumcision’s protective effect against HIV acquisition in men is the only determinant to be found consistently across all ethnic groups in Johannesburg. We also find that concerns over condom avoidance may have been overstated. This said, male circumcision strategies should reinforce a range of HIV prevention strategies, including condom use, as we find evidence that whites may view circumcision as a means to avoid condom use.
Nativistic Motivation: The Construct and its Measure

Mainly employing the frameworks provided by the opponent process theory and the trans-theoretical model of change, the present paper introduces the concept of ‘nativistic motivation’ into the tourism literature. Although nativistic motivation might turn out to be an important category in the nomological network of tourism theory, it has thus far escaped the attention of tourism researchers. Nativistic motivators may be defined as those counter-touristic drives that motivate individuals not to travel before they embark on travel and motivate them to go back to their places of residence once they are on the move. The paper reports the development of a valid instrument to measure nativistic motivation. It hypothesizes the stages of touristic and nativistic motivations and the interactions between them. The simple yet comprehensive model proposed in this paper views tourism phenomenon essentially as a negotiated process between touristic and nativistic motivators.
Talking games: an empirical study of speech-based cursor control mechanisms

This document describes a study of speech-based cursor control mechanisms along with a new proposed approach called NameTags. This research is intended to provide empirical user data to inform the design of future systems where one or more of the following conditions are present: real-time demands, very small targets, and moving targets. One such application of this research is in the area of video games, where subjects are often required to make quick selections on numerous small, moving objects. These findings also have implications for physically impaired subjects whose primary or only control modality is speech.
Preservation of erectile function after permanent radioactive seed implantation for treatment of prostate cancer

15596 Purpose: Assess erectile function before and after prostate brachytherapy. Materials and Methods: A total 241 patients were treated with permanent I-125 prostate brachytherapy for T1 and T2 a...
High-fidelity simulation and the development of clinical judgment: students' experiences.

Abstract Nursing education programs across the country are making major capital investments in alternative learning strategies, such as human patient simulators; yet, little research exists to affirm this new innovation. At the same time, nursing programs must become even more effective in the development of students' clinical judgment to better prepare graduates to take on increasingly complex care management. This qualitative study examined the experiences of students in one nursing program's first term of using high-fidelity simulation as part of its regular curriculum. On the basis of these experiences, it seems that high-fidelity simulation has potential to support and affect the development of clinical judgment in nursing students and to serve as a value-added adjunct to their clinical practica.
Structural identifiability

The structural identification problem in dynamic systems is reviewed and new conditions for global identifiability of linear systems are obtained.
Urban settlement size trends in the former USSR: 1970-1989.

Based upon recently published data, this paper investigates urban settlement size trends in the former USSR and its republics during the intercensal periods of 1970-1979 and 1979-1989. Results indicate that although a trend toward largeness of the Soviet urban hierarchy continues, a slowing in this direction has occurred. Among republics, all had an increasing trend towards largeness on at least one and usually all three summary measures of urban settlement size structure. The RSFSR and Armenia especially consistently evidenced a relatively high degree of largeness, while the former Baltic republics generally revealed a relative smallness.
Assessment of serum factor B, serum opsonins, granulocyte chemotaxis, and infection in nephrotic syndrome of children.

Chemotactic and opsonic functions and concentrations of factor B were investigated in serum from 18 steroid-sensitive and four steroid-resistant pediatric patients with nephrotic syndrome during various clinical states. Placement of sera from nephrotic children in relapse in the stimulant compartment of Boyden chambers resulted in chemotaxis scores that were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than scores for remission or control sera. Scores observed for zymosan-activated sera of relapsing nephrotic patients were also diminished compared with scores for sera from the same patients during remission or scores for sera from adult controls. In a modified chemiluminescence assay, opsonic activity for zymosan in relapse sera was diminished significantly (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) compared with that in remission and control sera respectively. Chemiluminescent values increased in all cases in remission sera compared with those in the respective relapse sera. As demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescence, C3 zymosan deposition in relapse sera was generally decreased compared with that in the respective remission sera or in control sera. Concentrations of factor B (mean -SE, in mg/dl) in relapse sera (9.13 1.0) were significantly lower (P < 0.001) than concentrations in remission sera (22.1 +1.3) or in adult (control) sera (23.1 -1.4). Systemic bacterial infection of nephrotic patients in relapse states was related to decreased values for serum chemotaxis, chemiluminescence, and immunofluorescence and diminished concentrations of factor B in serum.
A Modified Surgical Procedure for Intrapancreatic Section of Choledochal Cyst(with A Report of 12 Cases)

Objective To study the effect of a modified surgical procedure for intrapancreatic section of choledochal cyst.Method 12 cases of choledochal cyst with difficult intrapancreatic dissection underwent the procedure,which described as that the cyst was removed as much as possible except the intrapancreatic section,distal part of cyst was closed by a purse string suture which was placed intraluminally about 1cm proximal to the distal end of cyst,carbolic acid was used to inactivate the residual cystic mucosa,and the residual lumen was closed by suturing.Results Blood loss was(80.7±55.4 ml)(40～160 ml),operative time was(110.3±40.2 min)(60～160 min),hospital stay was(8.3±3.4)days(5～12 days),no complications was occurred.No malignancy or abscess was observed within 2 to 45 months of follow-up.Conclusion For those intrapancreatic section of choledochal cyst requiring highly risky dissection,the modified procedure is effective,safe and simple.
Culture-broker and medical decoder: contributions of caregivers in American Indian cancer trajectories.

Author(s): Hodge, Felicia Schanche; Cadogan, Mary; Itty, Tracy Line; Williams, Angela; Finney, Arneta | Abstract: BackgroundCaregivers play a special role in the management and control of cancer-related pain. For American Indians with cancer, caregivers can contribute to patient education, medication compliance, and can facilitate communication between the patient and the provider and the patient and the family.ObjectiveTo identify the role(s) of caregivers of American Indian cancer survivors.MethodsAs a part of a large randomized intervention designed to improve barriers to cancer symptom management, 13 focus groups were held among American Indian cancer survivors and their caregivers at Southwest reservations and urban sites. Focus groups, audiotaped and transcribed, used constant comparative methods in the analysis of caregiver dialogues.ResultsCaregivers are patient educators and provider culture-brokers and their communication strategies use a combination of cultural and conventional strategies in their care of American Indian cancer patients. Cultural communication styles include "talk stories" (storytelling), group (talking circles), and dialogue to manage cancer pain, educate the patient and community, and to protect the patient from stigma, reduce barriers to care, and provide support to patients and families. Active discussion with providers "re-packaged" the patient's reporting/responses to specific clinical measures (pain measure scores) and identified the need for pain medication and compliance-related issues.LimitationsFindings are not generalizable to the American Indian population outside of the sites and focus groups from which data were collected.ConclusionsCaregivers are "cultural brokers" who inform providers of the cultural nuances associated with American Indian patient care. However, caregivers voiced that cultural restriction for not discussing illness openly was a sanction and an important barrier.
Cognitive Dysfunction and Brain Volume Abnormalities in New-Onset Idiopathic Epilepsy

Neuropsychological function and quantitataive volumetric measurement of grey and white matter of cerebrum were determined in 53 children (ages 8-18 years) with recent-onset idiopathic epilepsy and compared to controls in a study at University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Original Research: Polyphenols extracted from grape powder induce lipogenesis and glucose uptake during differentiation of murine preadipocytes.

Assessing the effects of grapes and grape powder extracted polyphenols on lipogenesis and glucose uptake in adipocytes may clarify the risk/benefit of recommending them to individuals with obesity and insulin resistance. We investigated the effect of grape powder extracted polyphenols (GPEP) on intracellular fat accumulation and glucose uptake during differentiation of 3T3-F442A preadipocytes. Total polyphenols were extracted and measured based on gallic acid equivalents (GAE). There were 2167 mg of GAE polyphenols in 100 g of grape powder. 3T3-F442A cells were incubated with GPEP, extracted from 125-500 µg GP/mL of media, until day 8 of differentiation when the cells were collected for different assays. AdipoRed™ assay and Oil Red O staining showed that GPEP induced, in a dose-dependent manner, an increase in intracellular triacylglycerol (TAG) content of adipocytes. Concomitantly, grape powder extracted polyphenols increased, in a dose-dependent manner, glucose uptake by 3T3-F442A cells, and there was a strong positive correlation between glucose uptake and the amount of TAG accumulation (r = 0.826, n = 24, P ≤ 0.001). No changes in cell viability was measured by Trypan Blue staining, suggesting that these effects were independent of cytotoxicity. Western-blot showed that GPEP upregulated protein level of glucose transport protein 4 (GLUT4), p-PKB/Akt, and p-AMPK in 3T3-F442A adipocytes. LY294002 (10 µmol/L), a phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase inhibitor (PI3K), reversed the effects of grape powder extracted polyphenols on cellular lipid content and glucose uptake. Furthermore, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction showed that GPEP increased mRNA expression of GLUT4, fatty acid synthase, lipoprotein lipase, adiponectin, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ, while it decreased mRNA expression of leptin and Insig-1. Our results indicate that GPEP may induce adipocyte differentiation via upregulation of GLUT4, PI3K and adipogenic genes. Future research may be directed toward obese individuals with insulin resistance or individuals with diabetes.
The Importance of Evaluation and Monitoring Within the Disproportionate Minority Contact (DMC) Mandate: Future Directions in Juvenile Justice Research

In 2002, the reauthorization of the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act of 1974 required that states participating in the Formula Grants Program must put forth a good faith effort at ad...
A Numerical, Literal, and Converged Perturbation Algorithm

The KAM theorem and von Ziepel’s method are applied to a perturbed harmonic oscillator, and it is noted that the KAM methodology does not allow for necessary frequency or angle corrections, while von Ziepel does. The KAM methodology can be carried out with purely numerical methods, since its generating function does not contain momentum dependence. The KAM iteration is extended to allow for frequency and angle changes, and in the process apparently can be successfully applied to degenerate systems normally ruled out by the classical KAM theorem. Convergence is observed to be geometric, not exponential, but it does proceed smoothly to machine precision. The algorithm produces a converged perturbation solution by numerical methods, while still retaining literal variable dependence, at least in the vicinity of a given trajectory.
Influences of Larger-Scale Vortex Variability on Tornado Pressure Minima in an Outer-Flow Region: Explorations Using a Parametric Tangential Wind Model

AbstractPrevious studies have neglected to distinguish between a central pressure deficit due to a tornado itself and due to a parent mesocyclone in which the tornado is embedded. To obtain improved understanding of the influences of larger-scale vortex variability on smaller-scale tornado pressure deficits, a parametric tangential wind model supplemented with a cyclostrophic speed equation was used to explore the role that the variability plays in influencing radial pressure deficits by deducing radial pressure deficit distributions from radial profiles of hypothetically superpositioned, dual-maxima tangential velocities in the free atmosphere, where a dominant swirling flow was in approximate cyclostrophic balance. The cyclostrophic approximation was partitioned into two separate components, allowing one to scrutinize and determine which of the concentric vortices contributes most significantly to the tornado pressure minima. The model parametrically constructed a smaller-scale, stronger vortex (rapidly...
‘a fine risk to be run’: Améry and Levinas on Aging, Responsibility, and Risk in the Wake of Atrocity

Does atrocity age? What I mean to ask is, does time heal wounds that were genocidal or otherwise broad, deep, and caused by a fatal combination of human depravity and widespread indifference? Jean Amery famously refused to let the past be past in his essay “Resentments.” He argued that even if, with regard to the Holocaust, logically speaking, what happened is in the past, there is no moral sense to that. Morality requires of us that we refuse to let the past be whenever we are faced with a past that should have been otherwise. For him, writing 20 years after he was freed from the camps, time had not healed all wounds. Atrocity was not aging gracefully.
Metabolic Oscillations in Co-Cultures of Hepatocytes and Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Effects of Seeding Arrangement and Culture Mixing

In vitro assembly of functional liver tissue is a prerequisite for the transplantation of tissue-engineered livers. There is an increasing demand for in vitro models that replicate complex events occurring in the liver. However, tissue engineering of implantable liver systems is currently limited by the difficulty of assembling three dimensional hepatocyte cultures of a useful size, while maintaining full cell viability. Recent reports have demonstrated that bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BM-MSCs) can provide a number of cues promoting hepatocyte growth and development. In this study, the effects of BM-MSCs co-culture on hepatocyte metabolism were evaluated as a function of scaffold seeding arrangement. BM-MSCs were co-cultured with hepatocytes in porous chitosan-heparin scaffolds using several seeding arrangements. The seeded scaffolds were subjected to orbital shaking to enhance mass transfer. BM-MSC-hepatocyte co-cultures exhibited higher rates of hepatocyte-specific functions, compared to hepatocyte-only cultures, regardless of the seeding arrangement. Cells formed smaller-compact spheroids in the heterotypic systems compared to mono-cultures of hepatocytes only. The spheroids exhibited reduction in size with time in all conditions except for the condition where BM-MSCs were seeded one day after seeding hepatocytes. In this condition, spheroids increased in size due to BM-MSC proliferation. Spheroid size reduction was hypothesized to be the result of cyclic shear stresses generated by the orbital shaking. Furthermore, results suggested that BM-MSC seeding onto preformed hepatocyte spheroids provide a degree of shear-protection and trophic stimuli. Overall, the results indicate that co-culturing hepatocytes with BM-MSCs enhanced their metabolic functions for the first week of culture. J. Cell. Biochem. 118: 3003-3015, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Client Science: Advice for Lawyers on Initial Client Interviews

My intent is to offer an informed, wise, practical, and concise guide for initial lawyer-client meetings – meetings that are mostly an interview process for the client and the lawyer. It is written for the Client Science Course website to supplement my book, Client Science: Advice for Lawyers on Counseling Clients Through Bad News and Other Legal Realities (Oxford University Press, 2012), referred to here as Client Science. That book was intentionally focused on particular challenges of client counseling.
Prediction of lung cancer patient survival via supervised machine learning classification techniques

Outcomes for cancer patients have been previously estimated by applying various machine learning techniques to large datasets such as the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) program database. In particular for lung cancer, it is not well understood which types of techniques would yield more predictive information, and which data attributes should be used in order to determine this information. In this study, a number of supervised learning techniques is applied to the SEER database to classify lung cancer patients in terms of survival, including linear regression, Decision Trees, Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), Support Vector Machines (SVM), and a custom ensemble. Key data attributes in applying these methods include tumor grade, tumor size, gender, age, stage, and number of primaries, with the goal to enable comparison of predictive power between the various methods The prediction is treated like a continuous target, rather than a classification into categories, as a first step towards improving survival prediction. The results show that the predicted values agree with actual values for low to moderate survival times, which constitute the majority of the data. The best performing technique was the custom ensemble with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 15.05. The most influential model within the custom ensemble was GBM, while Decision Trees may be inapplicable as it had too few discrete outputs. The results further show that among the five individual models generated, the most accurate was GBM with an RMSE value of 15.32. Although SVM underperformed with an RMSE value of 15.82, statistical analysis singles the SVM as the only model that generated a distinctive output. The results of the models are consistent with a classical Cox proportional hazards model used as a reference technique. We conclude that application of these supervised learning techniques to lung cancer data in the SEER database may be of use to estimate patient survival time with the ultimate goal to inform patient care decisions, and that the performance of these techniques with this particular dataset may be on par with that of classical methods.
Chronic Obesity and Incident Hypertension in Latina Women Are Associated with Accelerated Telomere Length Loss over a 1-Year Period.

Abstract Aims: Shorter telomere length is associated with increased chronic disease risk in adulthood including diabetes mellitus and cardiovascular risk. Few studies have evaluated the relationship between telomere length change and incident disease risk in populations with a high percentage of overweight and obesity. Results: In an urban Latina population recruited in San Francisco (n = 82) with a high prevalence of overweight and obesity (78.4%), we assessed leukocyte telomere length and telomere length change over a 1-year period in relation to obesity, chronicity of obesity, and incident metabolic disease risk 5–6 years later. We also assessed the relationship between telomere length change over a 1-year period and weight loss. There were no significant associations between baseline telomere length and socio-demographics including age and ethnicity, or current weight status. Telomere length change, however, was associated with being obese at baseline and previous years of chronic obesity. A high perc...
Carcass characteristics and optimal slaughter weights in four breeds of sheep.

Wether lambs from four breeds, Rambouillet (n = 38), Targhee (46), Columbia (38), and Polypay (38), were used to estimate an optimal slaughter weight for lean lamb production. Wethers, weaned at an average of 105 d of age and 38.5 kg, had ad libitum access to a finishing diet of 85% barley grain and 15% pelleted alfalfa and were slaughtered at weights ranging from 39 to 70 kg. Fat, protein, moisture, and ash percentages were determined on fat and lean from 7-rib racks. Optimal slaughter weight was estimated by using carcass backfat depth or extracted fat in the rack as dependent variables in linear equations. An acceptable lean lamb carcass was defined to have 2.5 to 6.5 mm of backfat depth and 26 to 40% rack chemical fat. On a weight-constant basis Columbia lambs were less physiologically mature than the other breeds, having less (P < .05) kidney and pelvic fat and a lower rack fat percentage. Targhee, Rambouillet, and Polypay wethers were similar in carcass fat and protein composition at a constant slaughter weight. Optimal slaughter weights for certified lean lamb carcasses of Targhee, Rambouillet, and Polypay wethers were 45 to 47 kg, resulting in a Choice quality grade and a 2.7 yield grade. The optimal weight for Columbia was heavier, between 45 and 55 kg, producing a Choice quality grade and a 2.4 yield grade. The derived optimal slaughter weights are limited to the populations sampled and may not be specific to other populations.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
THE HISTORY OF EARTHQUAKE ENGINEERING AT THE UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA AT BERKELEY AND RECENT DEVELOPMENTS OF NUMERICAL METHODS AND COMPUTER PROGRAMS AT CSI BERKELEY

The purpose of this paper is to summarize, from a personal viewpoint, some research in structural dynamics within the Department of Civil Engineering at the University of California at Berkeley during the period of 1950 to 1990. The second part of the paper is to present a few recently developed numerical algorithms for dynamic analysis that are required in the design of wind, wave and earthquake resistant structures. These algorithms have been incorporated into the SAP 2000 programs (developed by Computers and Structures, Inc. in Berkeley) and have been used in the analysis of hundreds of large structural systems. This most recent research and development work was conducted since the author’s retirement in 1991 from teaching at the University.
Processing Feeds for Beef Cattle

Beef cattle and other livestock possess a “built-in” mechanism to chew, digest, and to take care of the various necessities in utilizing the feeds they consume. Today, most of our livestock are forced to gain faster with greater efficiency and to make this performance in a shorter period of time. Through mechanization and other technological development we are able to produce food and fiber more efficiently and a product of higher quality. It is difficult to assess how much of this increase in feed efficiency can be attributed to any specific factor such as improved nutrition. We do know, however, that a great deal of emphasis has been placed on feed processing during the past several decades, particularly in the feedlot industry.
MAPPING THE Ir-Thy-1 LOCUS TO THE K REGION OF THE H-2 COMPLEX

The primary immune responses of H-2 recombinant and H-2 mutant mice to the Thy-1.1 antigen were compared with the responses of the corresponding parental strains. In both instances, the magnitude of the responses, as measured by the number of PFC/spleen, was associated with alleles at the K rather than the I region of the H-2 complex. To explain these findings, a working hypothesis has been advanced that one of the Ir-Thy-1 loci involved in the control of the responsiveness to the Thy-1.1 antigen may be in the K region or even identical to the H-2K locus.
The Dilemmas of Security Assistance to a Failed State: Lessons from Somalia

Reno shows that Somalia illustrates the difficulty of supporting and assisting the right people in stabilisation. In contrast to the official narrative of stabilisation, efforts in Somalia exposed the flawed assumptions of security sector reform and security force assistance, not least because of insurgent infiltration, corruption and collusion. Reno argues that a pragmatic solution is needed, and he sets out the key steps to take in upstream planning.
Shaping Words: From Speech to Song, Linguistic Principles and Rhythmic Expressivity in Choral Performance

ABSTRACTThis article will explore the use of natural speech inflections according to linguistic principles in order to guide rhythmic expressivity in choral performance practice. The standard of rh...
PENSION CONTRIBUTIONS, PENSION AWARENESS, AND CHANGING PERSONAL FINANCES

Workers with 401(k)s and similar defined contribution pensions adjust contributions facing large fluctuations in personal finances. Using administrative tax records linked to the Health and Retirement Study, this paper shows that adjustments differ for contributors who are aware and unaware of their pension coverage. Unaware contributors are more likely to stop contributing facing deteriorating finances, but adjust contributions similarly along the intensive margin. For example, 25% of unaware contributors stop contributing facing earnings declines, but only 15% of aware contributors do so. These findings have implications for policies like automatic enrollment and information campaigns that encourage retirement savings.
Precise Positioning System and Potential Application in a “SMART Fab”

In recent years, the “SMART Factory” concept is becoming common in the wafer fab industry. A truly “SMART Fab” has all the production systems connected and integrated real-time with automated material handling system to optimize all production resources. In this paper, the concept of adopting a precise positioning system in a wafer fab is being discussed. The functions of this positioning system and how it fits into the “SMART Fab” vision will be shared.
Mechanisms of picosecond laser-induced damage in common multilayer dielectric coatings.

The physical mechanisms and ensuing material modification associated with laser-induced damage in multilayer dielectric high reflectors is investigated for pulses between 0.6 and 100 ps. We explore low-loss multilayer dielectric SiO2/HfO2 mirrors which are commonly employed in petawatt-class laser systems. The spatial features of damage sites are precisely characterized, enabling the direct correlation of the observed damage morphology to the location of energy deposition and the corresponding standing-wave electric-field intensities within the layer structure. The results suggest that there are three discrete damage-initiation morphologies arising from distinctly different mechanisms: the first prevailing at laser pulse lengths shorter than about 2.3 ps, while the other two are observed for longer pulses. Modeling of the thermomechanical response of the material to localized laser-energy deposition was performed for each type of damage morphology to better understand the underlying mechanisms of energy deposition and subsequent material response.
Magnetic properties of RuSr 2 GdCu 2 O 8 using the temperature dependence of the Mössbauer spectrum

M\"ossbauer spectra were measured from 4.2 to 145 K on a $^{99}\text{R}\text{u}$ enriched sample of ${\text{RuSr}}_{2}{\text{GdCu}}_{2}{\text{O}}_{8}$ which magnetically orders at 138 K and has a full transition to superconductivity at 8.7 K with an onset at $\ensuremath{\sim}13\text{ }\text{K}$. The superconducting transition has no effect on the spectrum which is determined by the hyperfine magnetic field due to the magnetic order. At low temperatures there is a rapid decrease of this hyperfine magnetic field with increasing temperature indicating a gapless or a very low energy magnon spectrum. We use a local-moment model which includes coupling between nearest-neighbor in-plane Ru moments and between the Ru and Gd moments which are separated by a superconducting CuO layer and a SrO layer to calculate the magnon spectrum and use this to estimate the strength of the exchange interactions based on the hyperfine magnetic-field temperature dependence. The coupling strength is $\ensuremath{\sim}275\text{ }\text{K}$ for Ru-Ru coupling and $\ensuremath{\sim}30\text{ }\text{K}$ for Ru-Gd coupling.
NASPAA and Professionalism: Public Service or Guild Protectionism?.

It is my view that NASPAA is best understood as one of the institutional articulations of the strategy of the public administration community to cloak themselves with the legitimacy of professionalism. Normatively, this strategy has both admirable other-regarding aspects and understandable but less admirable self serving ones. On the one hand, National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration (NASPAA) founders and activists do really and with integrity believe, not without good reason, that their institution serves the public interest. On the other hand, like the American Medical Association, American Bar Association or the Business Roundtable (although with less effect) do for their membership, NASPAA protects and advances the particularistic aspirations of university-based professional trainers. Both aspects of professionalism lead to oppressively limiting groupthink and/or unethical gaming. Let me first sketch the urge to professionalism. Second, I will explore the dilemmas attendant thereto. Finally, the recent stampeding of programs to Total Quality Management (TQM) mission based accreditation will be assessed.
RTL-PSC: Automated Power Side-Channel Leakage Assessment at Register-Transfer Level

Power side-channel attacks (SCAs) have become a major concern to the security community due to their noninvasive feature, low-cost, and effectiveness in extracting secret information from hardware implementation of cryto algorithms. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate if the hardware is vulnerable to SCAs during its design and validation stages. Currently, however, there is little known effort in evaluating the vulnerability of a hardware to SCAs at early design stage. In this paper, we propose, for the first time, an automated framework, named RTL-PSC, for power side-channel leakage assessment of hardware crypto designs at register-transfer level (RTL) with built-in evaluation metrics. RTL-PSC first estimates power profile of a hardware design using functional simulation at RTL. Then it utilizes the evaluation metrics, comprising of KL divergence metric and the success rate (SR) metric based on maximum likelihood estimation to perform power side-channel leakage (PSC) vulnerability assessment at RTL. We analyze Galois-Field (GF) and Look-up Table (LUT) based AES designs using RTL-PSC and validate its effectiveness and accuracy through both gate-level simulation and FPGA results. RTL-PSC is also capable of identifying blocks∗∗‘design’ refers to top module as well as its constituting sub-modules, while a ‘block’ refers to a sub-module within the design. inside the design that contribute the most to the PSC vulnerability which can be used for efficient countermeasure implementation.††DISCLAIMER: This paper is not subject to copyright in the United States. Commercial products are identified in order to adequately specify certain procedures. In no case does such identification imply recommendation or endorsement by the National Institute of Standards and Technology, nor does it imply that the identified products are necessarily the best available for the purpose.
The Relationship Between Religious Coping Style and Anxiety over Breast Cancer in African American Women

In this study, we investigated the relationship between religious coping style and anxiety related to breast cancer and the use of mammography in a sample of African American women. We also assessed the relationship of breast cancer anxiety to related variables such as church affiliation and attendance, church teachings on health, and acceptance of those teachings.
Benchmarking of Structural Variant Detection Tools for Microorganisms

A variety of structural variant (SV) detection tools exist and they are generally tested on the human genome to assess performance. However, these tests may be inapplicable to the genomes of microorganisms. The focus of this paper is a discussion of benchmarks that were run on microbial genomes. Representative tools from a variety of methods for SV detection, such as: read-pair, read-depth or read-count, split-read, and de novo assembly were selected to determine the best approach for detecting SVs in microbial genomes. The tools are tested on simulated data that includes deletion, duplication, insertion, and inversion SVs. Experimental results show that when execution time, precision, recall, and coverage of the reads are considered, the most accurate results come from tools using the read-pair method mixed with either the split-read or read-count method, specifically, LUMPY [1] and SVDetect [2] performed best.
Quantification of the Chiral Magnetic Effect in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV

The Multi-Phase Transport model, AMPT, and the Anomalous Viscous Fluid Dynamics model, AVFD, are used to calibrate the chiral-magnetically-driven charge separation ($\Delta S$) recently measured with the ${R_{\Psi_2}(\Delta S)}$ correlator in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=200$ GeV.The AVFD(AMPT) calibrations, which aid quantification of the Chiral Magnetic Effect (CME) via the the $P$-odd Fourier dipole coefficient $\tilde{a}_1$, indicate an increase from $\tilde{a}_1 = 0.50\pm 0.025 \%(1.0\pm 0.05\%)$ in central collisions to $\tilde{a}_1 = 2.0\pm 0.1\%(4.0\pm 0.2\%)$ in peripheral collisions, consistent with a robust but small CME signal. The calibrations for the $\Delta\gamma$ correlator, using the same AMPT events, suggests that for mid-central collisions in which the experimental ${R_{\Psi_2}(\Delta S)}$ correlator indicates the value $\tilde{a}_1 \sim 2.6\pm 0.13\%$, the $\Delta\gamma$ fraction attributable to the CME, $f_{\rm CME}=\Delta\gamma_{\rm CME}/\Delta\gamma$, is only $\sim 10-15\%$, as observed in preliminary $f_{\rm CME}$ measurements.