cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Using cognitive science to understand spatiality and community in the theater

The author deploys the spatial relations concepts of Lakoff and Johnson's cognitive psychology to understand the spatiality of community‐based theater. Two recent productions directed by Richard Geer, Pieced Together and Swamp Gravy, provide the primary examples. The author demonstrates that the spatial relations concept of “containment” was fundamental to both productions. “Verticality” and “near‐far” were also significant. “Center‐periphery,” on the other hand ‐ the primary concept that orients spectators in experiencing proscenium‐positioned voyeurism ‐ played a minor role in the two examples of community‐based theater.
On the steady laminar flow of a viscous incompressible fluid in an elastic tube

The conditions are examined under which an approximate relation between the radius of the tube and the distance along the axis, as obtained by N. Rashevsky (1945), is consistent with the assumptions made in the solution. These conditions are reduced to relations between two dimensionless parameters of the system. Second approximations are found for three different ranges of values of these parameters.
Detecting ultralow-frequency mutations by Duplex Sequencing

Duplex Sequencing (DS) is a next-generation sequencing methodology capable of detecting a single mutation among >1 × 10(7) wild-type nucleotides, thereby enabling the study of heterogeneous populations and very-low-frequency genetic alterations. DS can be applied to any double-stranded DNA sample, but it is ideal for small genomic regions of <1 Mb in size. The method relies on the ligation of sequencing adapters harboring random yet complementary double-stranded nucleotide sequences to the sample DNA of interest. Individually labeled strands are then PCR-amplified, creating sequence 'families' that share a common tag sequence derived from the two original complementary strands. Mutations are scored only if the variant is present in the PCR families arising from both of the two DNA strands. Here we provide a detailed protocol for efficient DS adapter synthesis, library preparation and target enrichment, as well as an overview of the data analysis workflow. The protocol typically takes 1-3 d.
Infrared spectroscopy of jet-cooled, electronically excited clusters of Coumarin 151: excited-state interactions and conformational relaxation

Abstract Infrared-optical double-resonance measurements have been made for electronically excited, hydrogen-bonded clusters involving Coumarin 151 molecules under jet-cooled conditions. Two main differences are reported between the ground and excited states: 1. Infrared resonances attributed to “donor”-OH and -NH bonds, as well as the symmetric-stretch modes of non-hydrogen-bonded NH 2 tend to downshift in energy and are usually intensified in the excited state. Also, “donor”-NH groups tend to develop an additional strong infrared resonance in the excited state, which is observed for clusters of C151 with methanol, ethanol, di-isopropyl ether, and for the “B” conformers of the water n =1, 2 and acetone n =1 clusters. The effect evidently requires no activation energy, since it is observed following electronic-origin excitation. A similar effect is also observed in the doubly-hydrogen-bonded dimers of some aminophthalimide molecules. This result is discussed in terms of possible excited-state proton transfer and Fermi resonance interactions. 2. Several clusters have shown changes in the infrared spectra consistent with vibronically-induced conformational rearrangement. The driving force is the relative stabilization of the NH 2 proton-donor site in the excited state and the formation of a strong NH⋯O hydrogen bond. The cases noted here are C151/(H 2 O) 2 , C120/(H 2 O) 2 and C151/((CH 3 ) 2 CO) 1 . One surprising observation here is that the activation energy for the conformational relaxation of C151/(H 2 O) 2 is measured to be only 60 cm −1 , and yet the displacement of the water dimer within the cluster exceeds 7 A.
On-line real-time temperature and power estimation of an IC using time-domain thermal filters

A methodology is presented for on-line and realtime estimation of transient variations in temperature and average power of a chip after fabrication and packaging. Measurements from a 130nm CMOS test chip demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed approach.
Limit analysis of disc and strip forging

Abstract For Mises' material, with the assumption of a constant friction factor prevailing between the platens and the deforming solid disc or strip, the forging pressure is confined between upper and lower bounds. A solution can be estimated with a limit on the maximum possible error. Two types of velocity fields were considered for the upper bound solution: the triangular velocity field and a parallel velocity field in which the bulging is taken into consideration. A statically admissible stress field, with permissible stress discontinuities was considered for the lower bound solution. Friction characteristics are indicated to be dependent, among other factors, upon geometrical factors.
Cold-cathode discharges and breakdown in argon: surface and gas phase production of secondary electrons

We review the data and models describing the production of the electrons, termed secondary electrons, that initiate the secondary and subsequent feedback avalanches required for the growth of current during breakdown and for the maintenance of low-current, cold-cathode discharges in argon. First we correlate measurements of the production of secondary electrons at metallic cathodes, i.e. the yields of electrons induced by Ar+ ions, fast Ar atoms, metastable atoms and vuv photons. The yields of electrons per ion, fast atom and photon vary greatly with particle energy and surface condition. Then models of electron, ion, fast atom, excited atom and photon transport and kinetics are fitted to electrical-breakdown and low-current, discharge-maintenance data to determine the contributions of various cathode-directed species to the secondary electron production. Our model explains measured breakdown and low-current discharge voltages for Ar over a very wide range of electric field to gas density ratios E/n, i.e. 15 Td to 100 kTd. We review corrections for nonequilibrium electron motion near the cathode that apply to our local-field model of these discharges. Analytic expressions for the cross sections and reaction coefficients used by this and related models are summarized.
Osteoporosis in Pulmonary Clinic Patients: Does Point-of-Care Screening Predict Central Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry?

Study objectives Patients in a pulmonary clinic have disorders that predispose them to osteoporosis and may use glucocorticoid therapy, which has been associated with low bone mineral density (BMD) and increased fracture risk. Ideally, all patients at risk for osteoporosis would be screened using the best test available, which is central BMD by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We proposed to stratify the risk for osteoporosis by the use of a simple questionnaire and point-of-care heel ultrasound BMD measurements. Design Cross-sectional screening study. Setting Pulmonary clinic in a single Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Patients Approximately 200 male and female patients who had not had previous BMD testing were eligible for the study, and 107 gave consent. Interventions One hundred seven men (white, 71 men; black, 35 men; and Asian, 1 man) underwent heel BMD testing and filled out a questionnaire. Ninety-eight men underwent a central DXA. Results Of 98 subjects, 24.5% had a spine, total hip, or femoral neck (FN) T-score of ≤ −2.5, which is the generally accepted definition of osteoporosis diagnosed using DXA, and 44.9% had a T-score of ≤ −2.0. The best-fit models for predicting FN or total hip BMD included body weight, heel BMD, corticosteroid use for ≥ 7 days, and race, which accounted for 52 to 57% of the variance. When a heel ultrasound T-score of −1.0 was tested to predict a central DXA T-score of −2.0, the sensitivity was 61% and the specificity 64%. Adding the questionnaire score and body mass index (BMI) to the heel T-score improved sensitivity but not specificity. Moreover, BMI and age predicted central BMD with similar sensitivity and specificity. Importantly, of 24 patients with a central DXA T-score of ≤ −2.5, only 14 were identified by a heel T-score of ≤ −1.0. Conclusions Although the findings from a heel ultrasound plus the answers to a questionnaire were reasonably good indicators for predicting the presence of low BMD, little predictability was gained over the use of BMI and age. In a group of pulmonary clinic patients, the prevalence of osteoporosis was clinically significant, and central DXA testing was the preferable technique for identifying patients who were at risk for fracture.
Improved wave functions for large-N expansions.

Existing large-N expansions of radial wave functions phi/sub n/,l(r) are only accurate near the minimum of the effective potential. Within the framework of the shifted 1/N expansion, we use known analytic results to motivate a simple modification so that the improved wave functions are accurate over a wide range of r and any choice of quantum numbers n and l. It is shown that these wave functions yield simple and accurate analytic expressions for certain quantities of interest in quarkonium physics.
Macroscopic quantum coherence in ferritin

In a breakthrough experiment, Awschalom et al. [Phys. Rev. Lett.68, 3092 (1992)] have demonstrated that the antiferromagnetic core in ferritin resonates between two states with oppositely directed Neel vectors, making it the first observation of MQC. A theory has been developed for this resonance including the effect of the 100 or so57Fe nuclear spins expected in each ferritin core. Since the hyperfine coupling is known to be ∼68 MHz and the MQC frequency is ∼1 MHz, the degeneracy of the Neel states, and with it, the MQC resonance, is destroyed in all ferritin particles except those with zero total staggered nuclear spin. From the measured size of λ″(ω), the energy being absorbed by the ferritin is at least 4000 times larger than the maximum permissible. Hence, the true importance of these experiments lies not in the narrow issue of MQC, but in the disproof of long cherished theoretical conservation laws.
Application of drosophila molecular genetics in the study of neural function — studies of the shaker locus for a potassium channel

Abstract One general approach to studying molecules that are important for neuronal function or development, even if the gene products are not defined biochemically, is to make use of classical and molecular genetics; these tools have been well developed for organisms such as Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster . The cytogenetics made possible by the polytene chromosomes in Drosophila further facilitates gene cloning. If one can identify genes that are important for the nervous system, one should be able to clone them and then study these genes and their products in molecular terms.
Directional Solidification Using a Baffle in Microgravity

Abstract Numerical simulations were performed to optimize the conditions and parameters for directional solidification of Te-doped GaSb in reduced gravity ranging from 10 −3 to 10 −5 g 0 . Our key goal was to quantify the velocity and concentration fields with and without a baffle present in the melt. The effect of the distance of the baffle from the solid–liquid interface was investigated. When the baffle is placed 0.5 cm from the solid–liquid interface, acceleration of 10 −3 g 0 does not cause significant interference with segregation. Furthermore, the flow between the baffle and the interface (low Reynolds number “creeping” flow) does not depend on fluid properties (viscosity).
An approach to the modelling of contact friction during rolling

Abstract A brief analysis of the general mechanisms of dry friction, which plays a major role during rolling, is undertaken. Suitable average quantities as mechanism measures and process-parameter measures are adopted. Based on the relationships between the basic technological parameters and the mechanical measures, a more generalized approach to the modelling of dry friction is proposed. A linear approximation of the proposed functional dependence for the friction factor is assumed. The friction-factor change and the stress distribution on the arc of contact is obtained for different values of the introduced generalized technological parameter and for different metals, based on experimental data. An approximate method for hot-strip rolling without friction, known in the literature, is extended for dry, friction using the proposed model, the results obtained being compared with published results calculated using the FEM.
Compact and noncompact structures in a class of nonlinearly dispersive equations

In this work, we study compact and noncompact dispersive structures formed by a class of nonlinear dispersive equations. We show that the focusing branches provide compactons solutions: solitons with compact support. We also show that the defocusing branches generate solitary patterns solutions. We test our work for a variety of nonlinear equations with positive and negative exponents.
Implementation of alternative pacing in an introductory programming sequence

Appropriately placing freshmen students into introductory programming courses can be problematic. Performance in high school coursework, SAT scores, AP courses, and even pre-testing can be poor predictors of success for individuals. Yet, putting all students through the same curricular experience is not a good solution. Contention can develop between students who quickly grasp concepts and those who take longer to learn. However, experience has shown that performance in the first college programming course can be a predictor of future success.In the 2001-2 academic year, the Information Technology Department at the Rochester Institute of Technology began teaching a three-term introductory programming sequence in studio format. One unexpected benefit of this approach was the ability to quickly and accurately assess how well students were learning programming concepts (Hill et al, 2002).In the 2002-3 academic year, this assessment was used to design flexibility into the beginning programming sequence. A new curriculum was implemented that uses performance in the first course for placement in subsequent courses. All students took the same first programming course. Based on their performance, successful students were advised into one of two "second course" options, either the standard second course or an alternatively paced two-course sequence. The new two-term sequence included a review of the more difficult material from the first course along with the material from the standard second course, but taught at a slower pace. A questionnaire was given to all students who opted into the alternate-paced sequence for their feedback.The slower presentation pace and the time for additional projects in the alternative course sequence have proven to be a benefit to students.
Using the Enneagram for Client Insight and Transformation: A Type Eight Illustration

The purpose of this article is to demonstrate how mental health practitioners can use the Enneagram's system of human personality development as a source of insight and a tool for personality transformation. The article provides an introduction to the Enneagram and its orientation to personality types and defines a linear process of how to use the Enneagram with clients. Mental health practitioners can use the Enneagram to help clients develop a deeper understanding of their personality styles and those of others to move forward with needed cognitive and behavioral changes, thereby effectuating productive relational change.
Recent results on quantum-well intersubband infrared detectors

Some recent results on GaAs quantum well intersubband IR detectors for the long wavelength infrared are presented. These include studies of a systematic series of samples grown by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) at three different facilities, and of multicolor detectors. In the first part, we compare performance of different detectors to address practical issues related to producibility using this new approach to infrared detection. We show that detectors made with specifications provided to several MBE facilities yield good results, which implies that these detectors are compatible with standard GaAs technology. We also show that the state-of-the- art GaAs-MBE layers are extremely uniform making this technology suitable for large focal plane arrays. In the second part, we apply the flexibility provided by the MBE growth technique in fabricating a voltage selectable multicolor detector.
Island Dissolution Phase Transition in a Chemisorbed Layer.

A phase transition has been observed in O chemisorbed on W(110) at low coverages, with a transition temperature \ensuremath{\sim}250\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K lower than that observed for saturation coverage $\mathrm{W}(110)p(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1)\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{O}$. This transition is interpreted in terms of two-dimensional dissolution of islands. A fit to lattice-gas models for both low and saturation coverage allows separate determination of the attractive and repulsive adatom-adatom interactions, and gives values of - 0.069 and 0.15 eV/atom, respectively.
American Society of Clinical Oncology 2013: summary of scientific advancements in gynecologic cancer.

Abstract The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) meeting was held in Chicago, Ill, from May 31, 2013, to June 4, 2013, and focused on “Building Bridges to Conquer Cancer.” An estimated 25,500 oncology professionals, with a broad range of interests, attended the meeting. Cervical cancer, a gynecologic malignancy with a significant global burden, was prominently featured at this year’s meeting. In a mark of exemplary scientific accomplishment within our specialty, 2 of the 5 general session plenaries investigated advancements in cervical cancer care, extending from improved screening to treatment of metastatic disease. This was followed by the presentation of several important phase 2 and 3 clinical trials in the Gynecologic Oncology Tract, focusing on cervical, ovarian, uterine, and breast cancer, which will be discussed in this report.
Readers' Learning from Prose The Effects of Hedges

Hedges, which signal writers' tentative assessments of referential information, were added to a passage from both a science and a social studies textbook. The hedges appeared in either personal or impersonal voice; in the first half, second half, or both halves of the passages; and in either a low-intensity condition or a high-intensity condition. A measure of what subjects learned from reading the passages showed that they learned most when the hedges appeared in personal voice, the second half of a passage, and low intensity. Some extensions of the implications of this work to practices in composition classes—particularly practices of evaluating whether or not material should be hedged—are recommended in order to broaden students' critical-thinking abilities and their views of language.
Application of powered lift and mechanical flap concepts for civil short-haul transport aircraft design

The objective of this paper is to determine various design and performance parameters, including wing loading and thrust loading requirements, for powered-lift and mechanical flap conceptual aircraft constrained by field length and community noise impact. Mission block fuel and direct operating costs (DOC) were found for optimum designs. As a baseline, the design and performance parameters were determined for the aircraft using engines without noise suppression. The constraint of the 90 EPNL noise contour being less than 2.6 sq km (1.0 sq mi) in area was then imposed. The results indicate that for both aircraft concepts the design gross weight, DOC, and required mission block fuel decreased with field length. At field lengths less than 1100 m (3600 ft) the powered lift aircraft had lower DOC and block fuel than the mechanical flap aircraft but produced higher unsuppressed noise levels. The noise goal could easily be achieved with nacelle wall treatment only and thus resulted in little or no performance or weight penalty for all studied aircraft.
Femtosecond fiber laser pulses amplified by a KCl:Tl + color-center amplifier for continuum generation in the 1.5-μm region

A diode-pumped stretched-pulse additive-pulse mode-locked Er-doped fiber laser is used to seed a KCl:Tl+ color-center amplifier crystal. The initial l-nJ chirped pulses are double passed through the amplifier, which is pumped by a 1-kHz Q-switched Nd:YAG laser. The resulting 10-μJ pulses are then chirp compensated to 250-fs duration and are used to generate a spectral continuum. A few high-n2 materials are investigated for continuum generation, and spectral slicing of the continuum is demonstrated.
I see people: The presence of human faces impacts the processing of complex emotional stimuli

Both emotional images and human faces are particularly salient compared to other categories of visual stimuli. The late positive potential (LPP) is larger for emotional than neutral images, and some evidence suggests that the LPP is further enhanced for images containing people. Studies of emotion frequently compare pleasant and unpleasant IAPS pictures to neutral, without an explicit understanding of how the presence of faces in these images may affect attentional allocation and psychophysiological response. The present experiment examined the effect of faces on the LPP elicited by neutral and threatening IAPS images. The LPP was enhanced by faces in neutral images, but no difference was observed between threatening images with and without faces. These results demonstrate that the inclusion of faces in IAPS images significantly impacts the LPP; however, this effect is unique to neutral images.
Vibrational Spectra of Several Lanthanide Tris-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionates

The Raman spectra of La-, Pr-, and Gd (DPM)3 [Gd-tris-2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-3,5-heptanedionate] were measured at 300°K with powder samples in the region 3000–100 cm−1. An attempt also was made to obtain the Raman spectra of La-, Ce-, Pr-, Nd-, and Gd(DPM)3 in carbon tetrachloride solution, but no Raman lines for these compounds were found. The undisplaced mercury lines observed were unusually strong. This may have been caused by the photodecomposition of M(DPM)3 in carbon tetrachloride solution by exposure to the light. The infrared spectra of La-, Ce-, Pr-, Nd-, and Gd(DPM)3 were obtained in the region 4000-300 cm−1 by the KBr disk method at 300°K. For La-, Nd-, and Gd (DPM)3, the absorption spectra were measured in the far-infrared region (660–76 cm−1) by use of the polyethylene disk method at 300 and 77°K. Assignments of the vibrational frequencies were made on the bases of the group theory selection rules and group frequencies, and these were compared with the known assignments of tris-(acetylacetonato) lanthanide (III) complexes for most of the bands.
A BCR-ABL mutant lacking direct binding sites for the GRB2, CBL and CRKL adapter proteins fails to induce leukemia in mice.

The BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase is the defining feature of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) and its kinase activity is required for induction of this disease. Current thinking holds that BCR-ABL forms a multi-protein complex that incorporates several substrates and adaptor proteins and is stabilized by multiple direct and indirect interactions. Signaling output from this highly redundant network leads to cellular transformation. Proteins known to be associated with BCR-ABL in this complex include: GRB2, c-CBL, p62DOK, and CRKL. These proteins in turn, link BCR-ABL to various signaling pathways indicated in cellular transformation. In this study we show that a triple mutant of BCR-ABL with mutations of the direct binding sites for GRB2, CBL, p62DOK and CRKL, is defective for transformation of primary hematopoietic cells in vitro and in a murine CML model, while it retains the capacity to induce IL-3 independence in 32D cells. Compared to BCR-ABL, the triple mutant's ability to activate the MAP kinase and PI3-kinase pathways is severely compromised, while STAT5 phosphorylation is maintained, suggesting that the former are crucial for the transformation of primary cells, but dispensable for transformation of factor dependent cell lines. Our data suggest that inhibition of BCR-ABL-induced leukemia by disrupting protein interactions could be possible, but would require blocking of multiple sites.
Reproductive health: Caribbean women in New York City, 1980-1984.

People from the Caribbean represent one of the largest immigrant groups in New York City. This study focuses on the reproductive health of first generation Caribbean immigrants. Birth and death certificate data were used to generate descriptive profiles of risk-factor prevalence and reproductive outcomes to Caribbean and comparison populations. Data on single live births for 1980-1984 take into consideration ethnic differences age place of birth parity mothers education method of payment for health care prenatal care and birth weight. (EXCERPT)
Length scale effects of friction in particle compaction using atomistic simulations and a friction scaling model

The objective of this study is to illustrate and quantify the length scale effects related to interparticle friction under compaction. Previous studies have shown as the length scale of a specimen decreases, the strength of a single crystal metal or ceramic increases. The question underlying this research effort continues the thought—If there is a length scale parameter related to the strength of a material, is there a length scale parameter related to friction? To explore the length scale effects of friction, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations using an embedded atom method potential were performed to analyze the compression of two spherical FCC nickel nanoparticles at different contact angles. In the MD model study, we applied a macroscopic plastic contact formulation to determine the normal plastic contact force at the particle interfaces and used the average shear stress from the MD simulations to determine the tangential contact forces. Combining this information with the Coulomb friction law, we quantified the MD interparticle coefficient of friction and showed good agreement with experimental studies and a Discrete Element Method prediction as a function of contact angle. Lastly, we compared our MD simulation friction values to the tribological predictions of Bhushan and Nosonovsky (BN), who developed a friction scaling model based on strain gradient plasticity and dislocation-assisted sliding that included a length scale parameter. The comparison revealed that the BN elastic friction scaling model did a much better job than the BN plastic scaling model of predicting the coefficient of friction values obtained from the MD simulations.
Success of single-balloon enteroscopy in patients with surgically altered anatomy

Background Single-balloon enteroscopy (SBE) was introduced in 2007 to diagnose and treat small-bowel disorders. No study to date has evaluated SBE in patients with surgically altered anatomy outside of ERCP. Objective To evaluate the efficacy, yield, and safety of SBE in patients with surgically altered anatomy. Design Retrospective study. Setting Tertiary-care academic medical center. Patients All patients with altered surgical anatomy who underwent SBE at the Medical University of South Carolina from July 2007 to September 2013. Interventions SBE. Main Outcome Measurements Diagnostic yield, therapeutic yield, technical success, and adverse events. Results A total of 48 patients met inclusion criteria. Mean age was 56 years (77% female). Eleven patients underwent single-balloon PEG placement, 8 single-balloon ERCP, 22 non-PEG/non-ERCP anterograde SBE, and 7 retrograde SBE. Previous surgeries included Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (n = 26), small-intestine resection (n = 6), colon resection (n = 5), Whipple procedure (n = 4), choledochojejunostomy (n = 3), hepaticojejunostomy (n = 1), Billroth I (n = 1), Billroth II (n = 1), and Puestow procedure (n = 1). Procedural indications were PEG tube placement (n = 11), choledocholithiasis (n = 2), biliary stricture (n = 2), obstructive jaundice (n = 1), cholangitis (n = 1), ampullary mass (n = 1), sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (n = 1), anemia and/or bleeding (n = 15), abdominal pain (n = 9), radiologic evidence of obstruction (n = 3), and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (n = 2). The technical success rate was 73% in single-balloon PEG placement, 88% in single-balloon ERCP, 82% in other anterograde SBEs, and 86% in retrograde SBEs. No intraprocedural or postprocedural adverse events were observed. Limitations Single center, retrospective study. Conclusion SBE is safe and effective in patients with surgically altered anatomy.
NEAR‐VESSELLESSNESS IN EPHEDRA AND ITS SIGNIFICANCE

Wood of two specimens of Ephedra from high alpine localities is nearly vesselless: E. gerardiana from 4,750 m in Tibet, and E. rupestris from 4,300 m in Argentina. Ephedra gerardiana from lower elevations in the Himalayas has more vessels, although even there they are not abundant. Instances in other species of Ephedra in which extensive areas of latewood or even entire growth rings are vesselless are cited; these tend to occur in high deserts with climates somewhat less extreme than those of the alpine localities. Near-vessellessness is interpreted as an adaptive condition in which the proportion of tracheids, conductively safer than vessel elements, reaches a maximum. Near-vessellessness in Ephedra wood is probably reversible within limits, and should be likened to production of latewood to the exclusion of earlywood. Comparisons are offered to dicotyledons in which abundance of vessels is lowered with respect to ecological extremes. DURING A SURVEY of comparative wood anatomy of the genus Ephedra (Ephedraceae) as a whole, I discovered two samples, representing two species, in which vessels were nearly absent. One of these species, E. gerardiana Wall. ex Stapf, occurs in the Himalayas from Afghanistan to Nepal, upland Indian provinces, and Tibet; it can be found from 2,700 to 4,350
THE RELATIONSHIP OF TEMPERATURE AND INSULIN DOSAGE TO THE RISE IN PLASMA AMINO NITROGEN IN THE EVISCERATED RAT1

That insulin will depress the rate of accumulation of amino acids in the blood of eviscerated rats was reported by Frame and Russell (1946) and confirmed by Ingle, Perstrud, and Nezamis (1947). However, the results of the latter authors differed from those of Frame and Russell in two respects: The rate of increase of the blood amino nitrogen content observed by Ingle et al. was about one third of that reported by Frame and Russell, and the rise was suppressed completely by much smaller doses of insulin than those which Frame and Russell found to suppress it only partially. Ingle et al. demonstrated that these differences were not the result of their having employed complete rather than functional evisceration, nor of the use of fed instead of fasted rats, nor of hemodilution. They suggested that possibly the differences could be accounted for by differences in methods of chemical analysis,
Relationships of Task Performance and Contextual Performance with Turnover, Job Satisfaction, and Affective Commitment

Abstract The effects of task performance and contextual performance on turnover, job satisfaction, and affective organizational commitment were examined for two samples of Air Force mechanics. Supervisor ratings of task performance and contextual performance were obtained in 1992 (N=419) for one sample and in 1993 for the second sample (N=991). In both samples, task performance and contextual performance predicted turnover and job satisfaction in 1996. Task performance predicted reenlistment eligibility and promotion eligibility in the 1992 sample, but only reenlistment eligibility in the 1993 sample. Contextual performance only predicted promotion eligibility in the 1992 sample, but predicted both outcomes in the 1993 sample. Results support the distinction between task performance and contextual performance.
Ca2+-activated IK1 Channels Associate with Lipid Rafts upon Cell Swelling and Mediate Volume Recovery

Restoration of cell volume in the continued presence of osmotic stimuli is essential, particularly in hepatocytes, which swell upon nutrient uptake. Responses to swelling involve the Ca2+-dependent activation of K+ channels, which promote fluid efflux to drive volume recovery; however, the channels involved in hepatocellular volume regulation have not been identified. We found that hypotonic exposure of HTC hepatoma cells evoked the opening of 50 pS K+-permeable channels, consistent with intermediate conductance (IK) channels. We isolated from rat liver and HTC cells a cDNA with sequence identity to the coding region of IK1. Swelling-activated currents were inhibited by transfection with a dominant interfering IK1 mutant. The IK channel blockers clotrimazole and TRAM-34 inhibited whole cell swelling-activated K+ currents and volume recovery. To determine whether IK1 underwent volume-sensitive localization, we expressed a green fluorescent protein fusion of IK1 in HTC cells. The localization of IK1 was suggestive of distribution in lipid rafts. Consistent with this, there was a time-dependent increase in colocalization between IK1 and the lipid raft ganglioside GM1 on the plasma membrane, which subsequently decreased with volume recovery. Pharmacological disruption of lipid rafts altered the plasma membrane distribution of IK1 and inhibited volume recovery after hypotonic exposure. Collectively, these findings support the hypothesis that IK1 regulates compensatory responses to hepatocellular swelling and suggest that regulation of cell volume involves coordination of signaling from lipid rafts with IK1 function.
Impact of Defoliation on Corn Forage Quality

Hail damage can be a serious problem on corn (Zea mays L.) grown for silage. The value of corn grown for silage is a function of both the yield and quality of the forage produced. An improved understanding of the effects of defoliation on forage quality would improve the ability of agronomists, farmers, and crop insurance adjusters to assess the economic impact of hail damage to corn harvested for forage. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of defoliation on the forage quality corn grown for silage production. Experiments were conducted during 2000, 2001, and 2002 at Arlington and Marshfield, WI, and State College, PA. Corn quality measures responded similarly to defoliation treatments across most environments. Increasing defoliation either did not affect quality, especially at V7 and V10 stages, or lowered quality, especially at the R1 and R4 stages of development. The largest differences in neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and in vitro true digestibility occurred at R1 and R4. Starch content was most affected when defoliation occurred at Rl. The response of NDF digestibility was inconsistent across environments. These changes in forage quality resulted in decreases in Milk Mg -1 and Milk ha -1 with increasing defoliation in most environments. Predictive models for estimating forage quality and yield losses can be used to improve estimates of the impact of defoliation caused by hail on corn grown for silage.
Making the world safe for garbage collection

This paper describes the formal specifications of garbage collection in the programming language Cedar Mesa. They were developed as part of the process of identifying a safe subset of Mesa for which garbage collection was possible. The purpose of the specifications was to provide a precise definition of safety, along with criteria for checking the safety of proposed language features. Thus the specifications had to characterize the "invisibility" of the collector, as well as describe the services it provides. A beneficial effect of the specification effort was that the process of constructing the specifications led to a number of discoveries that improved the quality of the language.
Toxicity of Benlate® to cucumber and evidence for a volatile phytotoxic decomposition product

Drench applications of the fungicide Benlate DF® (dry flowable) or WP (wettable powder) in greenhouse studies resulted in stunted cucumber seedlings. Exposure of cucumber seedlings to suspension of Benlate DF or WP in sealed glass dishes, severely inhibited primary and secondary root development. Root inhibition occurred not only when seedlings were in contact with Benlate, but also when seedlings were not in contact with the fungicide, implicating the effect of a volatile toxicant(s). The presence of butyl isocyanate (BIC) in the gaseous phase was confirmed in the glass dishes containing Benlate and stunted cucumbers. Cucumber roots not in contact with Benlate suspensions (76 mg/2 ml) were severely inhibited when Benlate suspension depths were 1.7 mm or less, but virtually unaffected when depths were 3 mm or more, indicating that the evolution of volatile phytotoxicant(s) is inversely related to depths of Benlate suspensions, which further suggests that the volatile phytotoxicant reacts with water, thereby reducing the amount released. Moistened Benlate DF stored for 14 days continued to evolve a volatile substance toxic to cucumber seedling roots. No volatile phytotoxic substance from methyl thiophanate fungicides was detected.
Do Things Look Flat

Does a penny viewed at an angle in some sense look elliptical, as though projected on a two-dimensional surface? Many philosophers have said such things, from Malebranche (1674/1997) and Hume (1739/1978), through early 20lh-century sense-data theorists, to Tye (2000) and Noe' (2004). I confess that it doesn't seem this way to me, though I'm somewhat baffled by the phenomenology and pessimistic about our ability to resolve the dispute. 1 raise geometrical complaints against the view and conjecture that views of this sort draw some of their appeal from over-analogizing visual experience to painting or photography. Theorists writing in contexts where vision is typically analogized to less-projective media–wax signet impressions in ancient Greece, stereoscopy in introspective psychology circa 1900 – are substantially less likely to attribute such projective distortions to visual appearances.
Translocation, distribution, and environmental degradation of hexachlorophene in tomatoes.

The translocation, distribution, metabolism and environmental degradation of hexachlorophene were investigated in tomato plants (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill cv. beefsteak). All plants were grown under standardized conditions and treated with leaf-applied14C-ring-labeled hexachlorophene (HCP). Treatment time ranged from 0 to 70 days. Autoradiographic analyses were performed on all plants. Selected plant tissues were extracted and chromatographed, using thin layer (TLC) and gas liquid chromatography (GLC).
Subaerial Debris-Flow Deposition in the Upper Paleozoic Cutler Formation, Western Colorado

ABSTRACT Outcrops of the lower part of the Cutler Formation near Gateway, Colorado, contain proximal alluvial-fan deposits of two principal lithofacies. The diamictite lithofacies (D) consists of a variety of sharply bounded, massive, muddy beds which are interpreted as deposits of subaerial debris flows. The gravelly sandstone lithofacies (S) consists of amalgamated beds of laminated and cross-bedded conglomeratic sandstones which are interpreted as water-deposited sediments. Clasts in S are rarely larger than 0.5 m in maximum diameter, but clasts in D are commonly much larger (up to 8 m). Both normal and inverse grading are visible in D, but grading is generally not well developed in either lithofacies. Imbrication of clasts, although more pronounced and more consistent in S, is fairly commo in both lithofacies. Four subfacies of diamictite are distinguishable on the basis of clast packing and grading: massive matrix-supported (Dram), graded matrix-supported (Dmg), inversely graded clast-supported (Dci), and massive clast-supported (Dcm). Given the hydrodynamic and rheologic properties of debris flows as reported by previous workers, four debris-flow regimes are postulated on the basis of varying water content and clast interaction. Subfacies Dram and Drag typify deposits of flows having viscous clast interactions; subfacies Dci represents deposits of flows having inertial or colliding clast interactions. Subfacies Dram comprises deposits of flows with demonstrably high yield strengths. Subfacies Dcm represents deposits of flows in which yield strength was insufficient to support most clasts. This classification specifically recognizes turbulence, selective deposition, and bedload transport of clasts as essential characteristics of certain dilute debris flows. It also accommodates as debris-flow deposits some beds which have features usually associated with aqueous deposition, including clast frameworks, channelization, imbrication, and normal grading.
Non-Invasive Ventilation: The Impact of a Home Health Support

Non-invasive ventilation seems to have gained in popularity in the past few years for pediatric patients with a variety of disease processes. Although it is infrequently used for acute respiratory failure, it is becoming a popular choice for ventilation assistance in a variety of chronic disease processes and not just limited to asthma, cystic fibrosis and other neurological disorders that impair breathing. As the medical team acquires more experience in non-invasive ventilation, a new frontier in the home setting is now being explored.
Self-Referral and Serious Illness in Children With Fever

OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to evaluate parents’ capability to assess their febrile child’s severity of illness and decision to present to the emergency department. We compared children referred by a general practitioner (GP) with those self-referred on the basis of illness-severity markers. METHODS: This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted at the emergency departments of a university and a teaching hospital. GP-referred or self-referred children with fever (aged RESULTS: Thirty-eight percent of 4609 children were referred by their GP and 62% were self-referred. GP-referred children were classified as high urgency (immediate/very urgent categories) in 46% of the cases and self-referrals in 45%. Forty-three percent of GP referrals versus 27% of self-referrals needed extensive diagnostic intervention, intravenous medication/aerosol treatment, hospitalization, or a combination of these (odds ratio: 2.0 [95% confidence interval: 1.75–2.27]). In all subgroups, high urgency was not associated with referral type. GP-referred and self-referred children with dyspnea had similar frequencies of illness-severity markers. CONCLUSIONS: Although febrile self-referred children were less severely ill than GP-referred children, many parents properly judged and acted on the severity of their child’s illness. To avoid delayed or missed diagnoses, recommendations regarding interventions that would discourage self-referral to the emergency department should be reconsidered.
HDC - hot data caching in mobile database systems

Summary form only given. Data caching is an effective way of improving system performance. This is especially crucial in mobile databases because of the limited bandwidth and slower communication speed of wireless channels. In this paper we present a data caching algorithm, referred to as HDC (hot data caching), and compare its performance with LRU (least recently used) cache replacement scheme through simulation.
SPATIAL ECOLOGY OF PREDATOR–PREY INTERACTIONS: CORRIDORS AND PATCH SHAPE INFLUENCE SEED PREDATION

Corridors that connect patches of disjunct habitat may be promising tools for mediating the negative impacts of habitat fragmentation, but little is known about how corridors affect ecological interactions. In eight 12-ha experimental landscapes, we ex- amined how corridors affect the impact of invertebrate, rodent, and avian seed predators on pokeweed, Phytolacca americana. Over 13 months in 2000 and 2001, we quantified the effects of patch shape, connectivity, and predator type on the number of seeds germinating in the field (germinants), seed removal, and the viability of remaining seeds. Corridors did not affect the number of P. americana germinants in experimental ex- closures or the viability of seeds remaining in exclosures. However, corridors affected the removal of seeds in a predator-specific manner: invertebrates removed more seeds in un- connected patches, whereas rodents removed more seeds in connected patches. Seed removal by birds was similar in connected and unconnected patches. Total seed removal by all seed predators was not affected by corridors, because invertebrates removed more seeds where rodents removed fewer seeds, and vice versa. Overall, seed predation significantly reduced the number and viability of remaining seeds, and reduced the number of germinants in 2000 but not in 2001. The abundance of naturally occurring P. americana plants in our experimental patches in 2000 decreased with increasing seed removal from exclosures but was not related to viability or germinants in 2000, suggesting that seed removal may shape the distribution and abundance of this species. Complementary patterns of seed removal by rodents and invertebrates suggest that corridors alter the effects of these predator taxa by changing the relative amounts of edge and core (nonedge) habitats in a patch. Because invertebrates and rodents do not completely overlap in the seeds they consume, corridors may change predation pressure on seeds that are primarily consumed by one predator type, with potential consequences for the com- position of plant and seed predator communities.
Analysis of genetic structure in soil populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum recovered from the USA and the UK

Although many studies have shown that animal-associated bacterial species exhibit linkage disequilibrium at chromosomal loci, recent studies indicate that both animal-associated and soil-borne bacterial species can display a nonclonal genetic structure in which alleles at chromosomal loci are in linkage equilibrium. To examine the situation in soil-borne species further, we compared genetic structure in two soil populations of Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii and two populations of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae from two sites in Oregon, with genetic structure in R. leguminosarum bv. viciae populations recovered from peas grown at a site in Washington, USA, and at a site in Norfolk, UK. A total of 234 chromosomal types (ET) were identified among 682 strains analysed for allelic variation at 13 enzyme-encoding chromosomal loci by multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MLEE). Chi-square tests for heterogeneity of allele frequencies showed that the populations were not genetically uniform. A comparison of the genetic diversity within combined and individual populations confirmed that the Washington population was the primary cause of genetic differentiation between the populations. Each individual population exhibited linkage disequilibrium, with the magnitude of the disequilibrium being greatest in the Washington population and least in the UK population of R. leguminosarum bv. viciae. Linkage disequilibrium in the UK population was created between two clusters of 9 and 23 ETs, which, individually, were in linkage equilibrium. Strong linkage disequilibrium between the two major clusters of 8 and 12 ETs in the Washington population was caused by the low genetic diversity of the ETs within each cluster relative to the inter-cluster genetic distance. Because neither the magnitude of genetic diversity nor of linkage disequilibrium increased as hierarchical combinations of the six local populations were analysed, we conclude that the populations have not been isolated from each other for sufficient time, nor have they been exposed to enough selective pressure to develop unique multilocus genetic structure.