cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Integrated Ocean Skin and Bulk Temperature Measurements Using the Calibrated Infrared In Situ Measurement System (CIRIMS) and Through-Hull Ports

Abstract The design and performance of a shipboard-integrated system for underway skin and bulk temperature is presented. The system consists of the Calibrated Infrared In situ Measurement System (CIRIMS) and through-hull temperature sensors. The CIRIMS is an autonomous shipboard radiometer system that measures the sea surface skin temperature Tskin for validation of satellite-derived sea surface temperature products. General design considerations for shipboard radiometer systems are discussed and the philosophy behind the CIRIMS design is presented. Unique features of the design include a constant temperature housing to stabilize instrument drift, a two-point dynamic calibration procedure, separate sky- and sea-viewing radiometers for simultaneous measurements, and the ability to use an infrared transparent window for environmental protection. Laboratory testing and field deployments are used to establish an estimated error budget, which includes instrumentation and environmental uncertainties. The combi...
Accuracy of methods for calculating volumetric wear from coordinate measuring machine data of retrieved metal-on-metal hip joint implants.

This study compared the accuracy and sensitivity of several numerical methods employing spherical or plane triangles for calculating the volumetric wear of retrieved metal-on-metal hip joint implan...
Sturdy for common things: cultivating moral sensemaking on the front lines of practice

This essay argues that the field of bioethics should concern itself especially with the process of making moral sense that unfolds among clinicians, patients and family members during common but high-stakes conversations occurring on the front lines of practice. The essay outlines the parameters of a bioethics grounded in the moral experience of patients, families and practitioners. It challenges ethicists, educators, and clinician leaders to commit themselves to advocating and developing creative approaches to learning that will cultivate the moral sensibilities of frontline clinicians in this critically important domain of practice.
A 6-bit 3.5-GS/s 0.9-V 98-mW Flash ADC in 90nm CMOS

A 6-bit 3.5-GS/s flash ADC is fabricated in a 90nm CMOS process. A clamp diode with a replica biasing and an acceleration capacitor are introduced for high-speed overdrive recovery. Averaging network is analyzed to explore the effect of tail current mismatch. The 3.5-GS/s ADC consumes 98mW with 0.9V power supply. Its SNDR is 31.18dB with Nyquist frequency input.
Immunochemical studies of mammalian brain acetylcholinesterase.

— Specific antibodies were raised in rabbits to acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from bovine caudate nucleus and the‘native’(14S + 18S) and globular (11S) forms of AChE from eel electric tissue. All AChE preparations were purified by affinity chromatography to a specific activity of 100–400 mmol acetylthiocholine hydrolyzed/mg protein/h. Antigenic specificities of the different enzyme forms were studied by immunodiffusion, Immunoelectrophoresis and micro-complement fixation. Minor differences in antigenic determinants were observed between the different molecular forms of electric tissue AChE. In crossover experiments using both eel AChE and bovine caudate AChE antisera there was complete absence of cross reactivity between the mammalian brain AChE and the different molecular forms of the electric tissue enzyme. Brain AChE activity was inhibited up to 50% in the presence of its antiserum.
The birth of clinical body plethysmography: it was a good week

Nearly fifty years ago, Arthur B. DuBois, Julius H. Comroe Jr., and their colleagues published two papers on the use of body plethysmography to measure lung volume and airway resistance. These two articles in the JCI are almost the most-cited doublet in the Journal’s entire archive. Remarkably, the methods described then are still in use today in clinical pulmonary function laboratories. Though body plethysmography had been used before, there were serious technical problems; it was extraordinary that DuBois managed to solve most of these in one week. Times have changed and molecular medicine now dominates the JCI, but these articles remind us that biomedical research goes beyond the molecular.
tBurton: a divide and conquer temporal planner

Planning for and controlling a network of interacting devices requires a planner that accounts for the automatic timed transitions of devices, while meeting deadlines and achieving durative goals. Consider a planner for an imaging satellite with a camera that cannot tolerate exhaust. The planner would need to determine that opening a valve causes a chain reaction that ignites the engine, and thus needs to shield the camera. While planners exist that support deadlines and durative goals, currently, no planners can handle automatic timed transitions. We present tBurton, a temporal planner that supports these features, while additionally producing a temporally least-commitment plan. tBurton uses a divide and conquer approach: dividing the problem using causal-graph decomposition and conquering each factor with heuristic forward search. The 'sub-plans' from each factor are then unified in a conflict directed search, guided by the causal graph structure. We describe why this approach is fast and efficient, and demonstrate its ability to improve the performance of existing planners on factorable problems through benchmarks from the International Planning Competition.
Inhibition of estradiol synthesis attenuates renal injury in male streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

We previously showed that the male streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rat exhibits decreased circulating testosterone and increased estradiol levels. While supplementation with dihydrotestosterone is partially renoprotective, the aim of the present study was to examine whether inhibition of estradiol synthesis, by blocking the aromatization of testosterone to estradiol using an aromatase inhibitor, can also prevent diabetes-associated renal injury. The study was performed on male Sprague-Dawley nondiabetic, STZ-induced diabetic, and STZ-induced diabetic rats treated with 0.15 mg/kg of anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor (Da) for 12 wk. Treatment with anastrozole reduced diabetes-associated increases in plasma estradiol by 39% and increased plasma testosterone levels by 187%. Anastrozole treatment also attenuated urine albumin excretion by 42%, glomerulosclerosis by 30%, tubulointerstitial fibrosis by 32%, along with a decrease in the density of renal cortical CD68-positive cells by 50%, and protein expression of transforming growth factor-β by 20%, collagen type IV by 29%, tumor necrosis factor-α by 28%, and interleukin-6 by 25%. Anastrozole also increased podocin protein expression by 18%. We conclude that blocking estradiol synthesis in male STZ-induced diabetic rats is renoprotective.
Physical Properties of Zinc Phosphate Cement Prepared on a Frozen Slab

The physical properties of a zinc phosphate cement prepared on a room temperature slab were compared to those of the cement prepared on a frozen slab. Solubility, compressive strength, and setting time of cements prepared on both types of slabs were within the limits set by A.D.A. Specification No. 8.
Potential flows of viscous and viscoelastic fluids

Potential flows of incompressible fluids admit a pressure (Bernoulli) equation when the divergence of the stress is a gradient as in inviscid fluids, viscous fluids, linear viscoelastic fluids and second-order fluids. We show that in potential flow without boundary layers the equation balancing drag and acceleration is the same for all these fluids, independent of the viscosity or any viscoelastic parameter, and that the drag is zero when the flow is steady. But, if the potential flow is viewed as an approximation to the actual flow field, the unsteady drag on bubbles in a viscous (and possibly in a viscoelastic) fluid may be approximated by evaluating the dissipation integral of the approximating potential flow because the neglected dissipation in the vorticity layer at the traction-free boundary of the bubble gets smaller as the Reynolds number is increased. Using the potential flow approximation, the actual drag D on a spherical gas bubble of radius fi rising with velocity U(t) in a linear viscoelastic liquid of density ‰ and shear modules G(s) is estimated to be D = 2 …a 3 ‰ ˙
Characterization of Two Human Skeletal Calsequestrin Mutants Implicated in Malignant Hyperthermia and Vacuolar Aggregate Myopathy

Calsequestrin 1 is the principal Ca(2+) storage protein of the sarcoplasmic reticulum of skeletal muscle. Its inheritable D244G mutation causes a myopathy with vacuolar aggregates, whereas its M87T "variant" is weakly associated with malignant hyperthermia. We characterized the consequences of these mutations with studies of the human proteins in vitro. Equilibrium dialysis and turbidity measurements showed that D244G and, to a lesser extent, M87T partially lose Ca(2+) binding exhibited by wild type calsequestrin 1 at high Ca(2+) concentrations. D244G aggregates abruptly and abnormally, a property that fully explains the protein inclusions that characterize its phenotype. D244G crystallized in low Ca(2+) concentrations lacks two Ca(2+) ions normally present in wild type that weakens the hydrophobic core of Domain II. D244G crystallized in high Ca(2+) concentrations regains its missing ions and Domain II order but shows a novel dimeric interaction. The M87T mutation causes a major shift of the α-helix bearing the mutated residue, significantly weakening the back-to-back interface essential for tetramerization. D244G exhibited the more severe structural and biophysical property changes, which matches the different pathophysiological impacts of these mutations.
An Experimental Test of Theories of Behavior in Allais-Type Tasks

This article tests the predictions of expected utility theory and of several of its most prominent alternatives and assesses their ability to explain behavior in Allais-type tasks. We nd that, given a transparent presentation, expected utility theory performs surprisingly well, and that the alternative theories perform poorly except inasmuch as they make the same predictions as expected utility theory. We also contribute to methodology, and study the consequences of using hypothetical versus real incentives. Although hypothetical incentives do not aect compliance with expected utility, they have a large eect on attitude toward risk.
Travesías/travesuras: des/vinculando imaginarios culturales

Este trabajo inspirado en teorias feministas y post-coloniales debate las practicas escriturales Chicanas buscando entender el dialogo entre Mexicanas y Chicanas como posturas criticas ante los discursos exclusivistas de los Estados-nacion Mexico-Estados Unidos. Mas especificamente, y desde un recorrido historico, apunta y problematiza la circulacion del "imaginario cultural" mexicano, y la funcion y la fuerza que han tenido los mitos y simbolos mexicanos al cruzar la frontera. Se analiza como al ser estos resignificados en /a escritura chicana devienen practicas feministas descolonizadoras.
Bone and Joint Infections in Older Adults

Bone and joint infections in the elderly patient include septic native joints, osteomyelitis, and prosthetic joint infection. Infections are difficult to treat and require a team approach. Surgical debridement and intravenous antibiotics are the keys to treatment. Prosthetic joint infections often need a two-stage approach to treatment. First the infected joint is removed and the infection treated, then a second prosthetic joint is placed. Prosthetic joint infection is becoming the most common complication after joint replacement surgery. Outcomes of treatment of bone and joint infections are related to the severity of the infection and condition of the host. Because the elderly are often frail, treatment is challenging.
Evaluation of Strategies for Integrated Classification of Visual-Manual and Cognitive Distractions in Driving:

BACKGROUND: Prior studies have demonstrated unique driver behavior outcomes when visual and cognitive distraction occurs simultaneously as compared to the occurrence of one form of distraction alone. This situation implies additional complexity for the design of robust distraction detection systems and vehicle automation for hazard mitigation. OBJECTIVE: This study evaluated the effectiveness of two distraction classification strategies: (a) a "two-stage" classifier, first detecting visual-manual distraction and then identifying dual or cognitive distraction states, and (b) a "direct-mapping" classifier developed to identify all distraction states at the same time. METHOD: Driving performance data were collected on 20 participants under different known states of distraction (none, visual-manual, cognitive, and combined). A support vector machine (SVM) was used as a base algorithm for both classifiers and performance data as well as the level of driving control (tactical and operational), which served as inputs and modifiers to the classification process. RESULTS: The two-stage strategy was found to be sensitive for identifying states of visual-manual distraction; however, the strategy also produced a higher false alarm rate than direct-mapping. Consideration of driving control levels during classification also improved classification accuracy. Future work needs to account for strategic levels of vehicle control.© 2016, Human Factors and Ergonomics Society. Language: en
Recovery of microorganisms from the pelvic cavity after intracervical or intrauterine artificial insemination.

To assess the risk of introducing microorganisms into the peritoneal cavity during intracervical or intrauterine insemination, we cultured the cervix and semen from 19 couples before insemination and the peritoneal fluid from the female partner after insemination. The peritoneal cultures taken before hydrotubation grew organisms in one of ten intracervical inseminations and five of the nine intrauterine inseminations ( P
The human mitochondrial single-stranded DNA-binding protein displays distinct kinetics and thermodynamics of DNA binding and exchange

The human mitochondrial ssDNA-binding protein (mtSSB) is a homotetrameric protein, involved in mtDNA replication and maintenance. Although mtSSB is structurally similar to SSB from Escherichia coli (EcoSSB), it lacks the C-terminal disordered domain, and little is known about the biophysics of mtSSB–ssDNA interactions. Here, we characterized the kinetics and thermodynamics of mtSSB binding to ssDNA by equilibrium titrations and stopped-flow kinetic measurements. We show that the mtSSB tetramer can bind to ssDNA in two distinct binding modes: (SSB)30 and (SSB)60, defined by DNA binding site sizes of 30 and 60 nucleotides, respectively. We found that the binding mode is modulated by magnesium ion and NaCl concentration, but unlike EcoSSB, the mtSSB does not show negative intersubunit cooperativity. Global fitting of both the equilibrium and kinetic data afforded estimates for the rate and equilibrium constants governing the formation of (SSB)60 and (SSB)30 complexes and for the transitions between the two binding modes. We found that the mtSSB tetramer binds to ssDNA with a rate constant near the diffusion limit (2 × 109 m−1 s−1) and that longer DNA (≥60 nucleotides) rapidly wraps around all four monomers, as revealed by FRET assays. We also show that the mtSSB tetramer can directly transfer from one ssDNA molecule to another via an intermediate with two DNA molecules bound to the mtSSB. In conclusion, our results indicate that human mtSSB shares many physicochemical properties with EcoSSB and that the differences may be explained by the lack of an acidic, disordered C-terminal tail in human mtSSB protein.
A family of related Co(II) terpyridine compounds exhibiting field induced single-molecule magnet properties

Abstract We describe the syntheses, crystal structures and magnetic properties of several Co(II) complexes containing 4′-pyrrolidine-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (pyrtpy) or 4′-triflouromethylsulfonate-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine (OTftpy) ligands: [(OTftpy)CoCl2] (1), [Co(pyrtpy)2](BPh4)2 (2b), and [(OTftpy)Co(κ2-O2NO)2] (3). The compounds display different coordination numbers, where 1, 2b and 3 are distorted square pyramidal (pentacoordinate), octahedral (hexacoordinate) and pentagonal bipyramidal (heptacoordinate) about the cobalt center, respectively. Field-induced slow magnetic relaxation properties are observed for all compounds; however, compounds 1 and 3 display two relaxation events, whereas 2b shows only one relaxation event. The origin of the varied dynamic magnetic properties for these complexes arises from the change in coordination environment as well as dipolar interactions between neighboring complexes. These experimental results are supported by computational investigations for each species, implicating lower-lying excited states for complex 2b, which increase the impact of spin–orbit coupling, in turn leading to a larger axial anisotropy value.
Weight loss after bariatric surgery in obese adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Of adolescents in the United States, 20% have obesity and current treatment options prioritize intensive lifestyle interventions that are largely ineffective. Bariatric surgery is increasingly being offered to obese adolescent patients; however, large-scale effectiveness data is lacking. We used MEDLINE, Embase, and Cochrane databases, and a manual search of references to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis on overall weight loss after gastric band, gastric sleeve, and gastric bypass in obese adolescent patients (age ≤19) and young adults (age ≤21) in separate analyses. We provided estimates of absolute change in body mass index (BMI, kg/m2) and percent excess weight loss across 4 postoperative time points (6, 12, 24, and 36 mo) for each surgical subgroup. Study quality was assessed using a 10 category scoring system. Data were extracted from 24 studies with 4 having multiple surgical subgroups (1 with 3, and 3 with 2 subgroups), totaling 29 surgical subgroup populations (gastric band: 16, gastric sleeve: 5, gastric bypass: 8), and 1928 patients (gastric band: 1010, gastric sleeve: 139, gastric bypass: 779). Mean preoperative BMI (kg/m2) was 45.5 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 44.7, 46.3) in gastric band, 48.8 (95%CI: 44.9, 52.8) in gastric sleeve, and 53.3 (95%CI: 50.2, 56.4) in gastric bypass patients. The short-term weight loss, measured as mean (95%CI) absolute change in BMI (kg/m2) at 6 months, was -5.4 (-3.0, -7.8) after gastric band, -11.5 (-8.8, -14.2) after gastric sleeve, and -18.8 (-10.9, -26.6) after gastric bypass. Weight loss at 36 months, measured as mean (95%CI) absolute change in BMI (kg/m2) was -10.3 (-7.0, -13.7) after gastric band, -13.0 (-11.0, -15.0) after gastric sleeve, and -15.0 (-13.5, -16.5) after gastric bypass. Bariatric surgery in obese adolescent patients is effective in achieving short-term and sustained weight loss at 36 months; however, long-term data remains necessary to better understand its long-term efficacy.
Dengue virus NS1 cytokine-independent vascular leak is dependent on endothelial glycocalyx components

Dengue virus (DENV) is the most prevalent, medically important mosquito-borne virus. Disease ranges from uncomplicated dengue to life-threatening disease, characterized by endothelial dysfunction and vascular leakage. Previously, we demonstrated that DENV nonstructural protein 1 (NS1) induces endothelial hyperpermeability in a systemic mouse model and human pulmonary endothelial cells, where NS1 disrupts the endothelial glycocalyx-like layer. NS1 also triggers release of inflammatory cytokines from PBMCs via TLR4. Here, we examined the relative contributions of inflammatory mediators and endothelial cell-intrinsic pathways. In vivo, we demonstrated that DENV NS1 but not the closely-related West Nile virus NS1 triggers localized vascular leak in the dorsal dermis of wild-type C57BL/6 mice. In vitro, we showed that human dermal endothelial cells exposed to DENV NS1 do not produce inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8) and that blocking these cytokines does not affect DENV NS1-induced endothelial hyperpermeability. Further, we demonstrated that DENV NS1 induces vascular leak in TLR4- or TNF-α receptor-deficient mice at similar levels to wild-type animals. Finally, we blocked DENV NS1-induced vascular leak in vivo using inhibitors targeting molecules involved in glycocalyx disruption. Taken together, these data indicate that DENV NS1-induced endothelial cell-intrinsic vascular leak is independent of inflammatory cytokines but dependent on endothelial glycocalyx components.
Patient out-of-pocket spending in cranial neurosurgery: single-institution analysis of 6569 consecutive cases and literature review

OBJECTIVEWith drastic changes to the health insurance market, patient cost sharing has significantly increased in recent years. However, the patient financial burden, or out-of-pocket (OOP) costs, for surgical procedures is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to analyze patient OOP spending in cranial neurosurgery and identify drivers of OOP spending growth.METHODSFor 6569 consecutive patients who underwent cranial neurosurgery from 2013 to 2016 at the authors’ institution, the authors created univariate and multivariate mixed-effects models to investigate the effect of patient demographic and clinical factors on patient OOP spending. The authors examined OOP payments stratified into 10 subsets of case categories and created a generalized linear model to study the growth of OOP spending over time.RESULTSIn the multivariate model, case categories (craniotomy for pain, tumor, and vascular lesions), commercial insurance, and out-of-network plans were significant predictors of higher OOP payments fo...
One-step Bootstrapping for Smooth Iterative Procedures

SUMMARY Resampling techniques have the potential to provide useful information about the sampling distribution of estimators of many population characteristics. Ambitious schemes such as the bootstrap and iterated bootstrap imply a substantial increase in computational effort. For some iterative procedures, such as generalized least squares or the EM algorithm, it is possible to avoid fully iterating each bootstrap replication to convergence. By analysing expansions of the defining equation, we can extract asymptotically correct bootstrap estimates from a single step for each replication. In this paper we demonstrate the large sample validity of this computationally efficient approach and illustrate its small sample applicability. Whether or not the adjustment represents an adequate replacement for full iteration depends on the nature of the problem and the desired accuracy for the bootstrap quantiles. If subsequent iterations are adjusted, then greater enhancement of the rate is achieved and the practical increase in accuracy is significant.
Parteiwähler, Nichtwähler und Unentschlossene bei der Landtagswahl in Sachsen-Anhalt 2011. Eine Erklärung des Wahlverhaltens am Beispiel von Studierenden der Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg

Am 20. Marz 2011 wurde in Sachsen-Anhalt ein neuer Landtag gewahlt. Die politischen Basisgewichte blieben dabei im Vergleich zur Landtagswahl 2006 weitgehend stabil. Die CDU wurde abermals vor der Linken und der SPD starkste Partei. Zu den Wahlgewinnern zahlten die Grunen, die erstmals seit 1994 wieder in den Magdeburger Landtag einzogen. Auch die zum ersten Mal angetretenen Freien Wahler verzeichneten einen Achtungserfolg, auch wenn sie mit 2,8 Prozent klar an der Funf-Prozent-Hurde scheiterten. Die rechtsextreme NPD verpasste ihr erklartes Wahlziel, in den Landtag einzuziehen, konnte jedoch aus dem Stand 4,6 Prozent der Stimmen holen.
Purification of the membrane-bound and pyridine nucleotide-independent L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase from Escherichia , coli

Abstract The membrane-bound L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase has been solubilized from Escherichia , coli by extraction with sodium deoxycholate dissolved in 0.25 M NaCl. Fractionation by DEAE-cellulose and phosphocellulose chromatography in the presence of 0.2% Brij 58 yielded a preparation that was practically homogeneous. The purified enzyme had a Km of 0.8 mM for DL-glycerol 3-phosphate compared with 23 mM for the membrane preparations. The enzyme comprises about 1% of membrane protein in a mutant constitutive for L-glycerol 3-phosphate dehydrogenase. Its flavin coenzyme is FAD.
Partitioned tectonic shortening, with emphasis on outcrop-scale folding and flattening, Pindos fold-and-thrust belt, Peloponnese, Greece

Shortening estimates for fold–thrust belts seldom take into consideration outcrop-scale folding, especially folding related to prethrusting layer-parallel shortening (LPS) and flattening. The Pindo...
Immune System Regulation of Muscle Injury and Disease

Muscular dystrophy and inflammatory myopathy are muscle diseases that despite their etiological differences share many pathological features, including muscle degeneration, loss of function, and chronic inflammation. Immunological processes induced by muscle injury contribute to the pathology of various muscular dystrophies, whereas autoimmune responses specific for yet undefined muscle antigens are suspected to be the cause of some idiopathic inflammatory myopathies. This chapter discusses the role of the immune system in eliciting immunity and regulating inflammatory responses during acute injury and muscle degenerative diseases. Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is the most prevalent form of muscular dystrophy. Using DMD as an example, we discuss the role of immune system in the pathogenesis of muscle disease. In addition to the role of innate immunity, we review the literature supporting the elicitation of antigen-specific, adaptive immune responses in DMD, including those specific for dystrophin. We discuss the clinical implications of these adaptive immune responses and their potential in limiting the efficacy of dystrophin gene therapy. Last, we highlight therapeutic approaches that may be used to inhibit degenerative muscle inflammation and to tolerize DMD patients to the protein product of dystrophin gene therapy.
Increased Incidence of Thyroid Cancer among World Trade Center First Responders: A Descriptive Epidemiological Assessment

An increased incidence of thyroid cancer among 9/11 rescue workers has been reported, the etiology of which remains unclear but which may, at least partly, be the result of the increased medical surveillance this group undergoes. This study aimed to investigate thyroid cancer in World Trade Center (WTC) responders by looking at the demographic data and questionnaire responses of thyroid cancer cases from the Mount Sinai WTC Health Program (WTCHP). WTCHP thyroid cancer tumors were of a similar size (p = 0.4), and were diagnosed at a similar age (p = 0.2) compared to a subset of thyroid cancer cases treated at Mount Sinai without WTC exposure. These results do not support the surveillance bias hypothesis, under which smaller tumors are expected to be diagnosed at earlier ages. WTCHP thyroid cancer cases also reported a past history of radiation exposure and a family history of thyroid conditions at lower rates than expected, with higher than expected rates of previous cancer diagnoses, family histories of other cancers, and high Body Mass Indexes (BMIs). Further research is needed to better understand the underlying risk factors that may play a role in the development of thyroid cancer in this group.
Biobehavioural approaches to prevention and treatment: A call for implementation science in obesity research

Much progress has been made in the last 30 years in understanding the causes and mechanisms that contribute to obesity, yet widely available and successful strategies for prevention and treatment remain elusive at population levels. This paper discusses the biobehavioural framework and provides suggestions for applying it to enable greater progress in the science of obesity prevention and treatment, including an increased focus on implementation of science strategies. The objective is to promote a re-evaluation of current views about preventing and treating obesity within a unified biobehavioural framework. Further integration of research exploring how both behavioural and biological components interact is a critical step forward.
Making Exclusionary Zoning Remedies Work: How Courts Applying Title VII Standards to Fair Housing Cases Have Misunderstood the Housing Market

With these words, Bill Haines, the Mayor of Mount Laurel, New Jersey, in 1970, rejected a proposal by the town's AfricanAmerican community to build an apartment complex. Haines claimed that the town's zoning for large-lot, single-family homes could not yield to allow apartments.1 Local governments across the nation today give millions of poor, largely minority, Americans the same message every day (although the delivery is usually a bit more subtle). Two of America's leading housing economists, Edward Glaeser and Joseph Gyourko, have concluded that the refusal of local governments to allow developers to construct basic housing, such as apartments and small townhouses, is the most important driver of housing prices in America.2 By constraining the housing supply, restrictive zoning drives up housing prices a phenomenon that has contributed to the unprecedented 48.5% increase in home prices over the past five years.3 While many have funded their dream retirement by cashing out on the small suburban ranch house they bought decades ago, others including a disproportionate number of African Americans and Hispanics, who have significantly lower rates of
Long-Term Outcomes in Patients With Mixed Aortic Valve Disease and Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction.

Background Concurrent presence of aortic stenosis and aortic regurgitation is termed mixed aortic valve disease (MAVD). Although multiple articles have addressed patients with “isolated” aortic ste...
Thoracic Metastasectomy in Germ Cell Tumor Patients Treated With First-line Versus Salvage Therapy.

BACKGROUND Outcomes after thoracic metastasectomy in patients with testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) who received first-line chemotherapy alone versus salvage chemotherapy remain unexplored. METHODS We conducted a retrospective review of patients who underwent thoracic metastasectomy for residual GCT between 1997 and 2019 at a single tertiary center. Factors associated with progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were assessed using multivariable Cox regression. RESULTS Of 251 patients, 191 received only first-line chemotherapy (76%) and 60 received salvage chemotherapy (24%). Median follow-up was 3.45 years (interquartile range, 1-7.93 years). Among first-line patients without teratoma in the primary tumor, with necrosis in the retroperitoneal nodes and normalized or decreasing serum tumor markers, 17 of 20 had intrathoracic necrosis (85%). Among first-line and salvage patients, respectively, 5-year OS was 93% (95% confidence interval [CI], 89%-98%) versus 63% (95% CI, 51%-78%; P < .001), and 5-year PFS was 69% (95% CI, 62%-77%) versus 40% (95% CI, 29%-56%; P < .001). On multivariable analysis, multiple lung lesions (hazard ratio [HR] = 3.01; 95% CI, 1.50-6.05; P = .002) and brain metastasis (HR = 4.51; 95% CI, 2.34-8.73; P < .001) at diagnosis, salvage chemotherapy (HR = 1.85; 95% CI, 1.10-3.13; P = .021), teratoma (HR = 2.68; 95% CI, 1.50-4.78; P = .001), and viable malignancy (HR = 4.34; 95% CI, 2.44-7.71; P < .001) were associated with worse PFS. CONCLUSIONS Although GCT patients treated with salvage chemotherapy followed by thoracic metastasectomy have more aggressive disease and poorer PFS, they can achieve encouraging OS. Our findings highlight the integral role of aggressive thoracic metastasectomy in the treatment of GCT patients with residual thoracic disease after first line-only or salvage chemotherapy.
1. SCHOLARLY ACTIVITY TRAINING DURING FELLOWSHIP: A NATIONAL ASSESSMENT

Background ACGME and ABP requirements for fellows include at least 12 months of scholarly activity (SA) and generation of a work product. Yet there lacks detailed guidance on how programs can best integrate SA training into fellowship. Objectives Our objectives were: a) understand resources and perceived barriers to fellow SA training; b) identify factors associated with high productivity (>75% of fellows publish a manuscript); and c) identify factors associated with fellowship program director (FPD) satisfaction with overall SA training. Methods Cross-sectional survey approved by SPIN, administered to pediatric FPD nationally in 2019. Data analysis included descriptive statistics, Chi-squared/Fisher exact tests, and multivariable modeling. Results 517 of 810 FPD responded (64%). 35% (181/517) of programs were highly productive. 69% of FPDs were extremely/very satisfied with overall SA training. 28% felt resources were somewhat or not at all adequate. The most frequent major barriers were lack of funding to conduct SA (21%) and lack of sufficient divisional faculty mentorship (16%). 41% believed training should be shortened to two years for fellows pursuing non-academic careers. Programs with high productivity were twice as likely to have a T32, an FPD with >5 publications in the past 3 years, and not experience Scholarly Oversight Committee (SOC) expertise as a barrier (OR=2.1, 2.0, 1.9, respectively) (Table 1a). Not viewing an adequate research curriculum as a barrier was also significant (OR=1.6). Satisfaction was associated with high productivity, having a division specific research curriculum, FPD having >5 publications in past 3 years, and FPD belief that overall SA resources are adequate, SOC expertise is not a barrier, and training should not be shortened for fellows pursuing non-academic careers (all OR >2, Table 1b). Conclusions FPD research productivity, provision of an adequate research curriculum, and fostering expert SOC guidance appear critical to promoting fellow productivity and FPD satisfaction. Fellowship duration may need to be reconsidered given FPD beliefs and the dissatisfaction some have with their program SA training.
Cardiac Risk Assessment in Liver Transplant Candidates: Current Controversies and Future Directions

In the changing landscape of liver transplantation (LT), we are now evaluating older and sicker patients with more cardiovascular comorbidities, and the spectrum of cardiovascular disease is uniquely physiologically impacted by end-stage liver disease. Cardiac complications are now the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in LT recipients, and the pretransplant risk is exacerbated immediately during the transplant operation and continues long term under the umbrella of immunosuppression. Accurate risk estimation of cardiac complications before LT is paramount to guide allocation of limited health care resources and to improve both short-term and long-term clinical outcomes for patients. Current screening and diagnostic testing are limited in their capacity to accurately identify early coronary disease and myocardial dysfunction in persons with end-stage liver disease physiology. Furthermore, a number of testing modalities have not been evaluated in patients with end-stage liver disease. As a result, there is wide variation in cardiac risk assessment practices across transplant centers. In this review, we propose a definition for defining cardiac events in LT, evaluate the current evidence for surgery-related, short-term and long-term cardiac risk assessment in LT candidates, propose an evidence-based testing algorithm, and highlight specific gaps in knowledge and current controversies, identifying areas for future research.
Addressing Performance Tensions in Multiteam Systems: Balancing Informal Mechanisms of Coordination within and between Teams

Due to their distinctive features, multiteam systems (MTSs) face significant coordination challenges—both within component teams and across the larger system. Despite the benefits of informal mecha...
Deep Learning Enhanced BCI Technology for 3D Printing

The purpose of this paper is to combine Deep Learning with Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) for 3D Printing without human interference. This design will eliminate the intermediate steps and enable people to generate 3D prints faster. To collect the data, subjects are asked to wear g.Nautilus headsets and perform a mental imagery task. These collected brain waves are preprocessed using MATLAB and then are used to train different Neural Network architectures. The Neural Network model recognizes patterns in these brain waves to predict the shape imagined by the user. In this paper, we introduce CNN-LSTM that servers the purpose of classifying objects accurately. Once the shape is identified, the CAD file is generated in STL format using the predefined size. Lastly, this STL file is converted into G-code and serially transferred to the 3D Printer.
Reactivity of Styrenes in Micelles: Safe, Selective, and Sustainable Functionalization with Azides and Carboxylic Acids

An amphiphile PS-750-M that mimics dipolar-aprotic organic solvents enables N-bromo succinimide (NBS)-mediated one-pot oxyfunctionalization of styrenes in water under mild conditions. Control exper...
Role of Convergence and Collection Angles in the Excitation of Long- and Short-Wavelength Phonons with Vibrational Electron Energy-Loss Spectroscopy

Current generation electron monochromators employed as attachments to scanning transmission electron microscopes (STEM) offer the ability to obtain vibrational information from materials using electron energy-loss spectroscopy (EELS). We show here that in crystals, long- and short-wavelength phonon modes can be probed simultaneously with on-axis vibrational STEM EELS. The long-wavelength phonons are probed via dipole scattering, while the short-wavelength modes are probed via impact scattering of the incident electrons. The localized character of the short-wavelength modes is demonstrated by scanning the electron beam across the edge of a hexagonal boron nitride nanoparticle. It is found that employing convergence angles that encompass multiple Brillouin zone boundaries enhances the short-wavelength phonon contribution to the vibrational energy-loss spectrum much more than that achieved by employing collection angles that encompass multiple Brillouin zone boundaries. Probing short-wavelength phonons at high spatial resolution with on-axis vibrational STEM EELS will help develop a fundamental connection between vibrational excitations and bonding arrangements at atomic-scale heterogeneities in materials.
The core root microbiome of Spartina alterniflora is predominated by sulfur-oxidizing and sulfate-reducing bacteria in Georgia salt marshes, USA

Background: Salt marshes are dominated by the smooth cordgrass Spartina alterniflora on the US Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastlines. Although soil microorganisms are well known to mediate important biogeochemical cycles in salt marshes, little is known about the role of root microbiomes in supporting the health and productivity of marsh plant hosts. Leveraging in situ gradients in aboveground plant biomass as a natural laboratory, we investigated the relationships between S. alterniflora primary productivity, sediment redox potential, and the physiological ecology of bulk sediment, rhizosphere, and root microbial communities at two Georgia barrier islands over two growing seasons. Results: A marked decrease in prokaryotic alpha diversity with high abundance and increased phylogenetic dispersion was found in the S. alterniflora root microbiome. Significantly higher rates of enzymatic organic matter decomposition, as well as the relative abundances of putative sulfur (S)-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing, and nitrifying prokaryotes correlated with plant productivity. Moreover, these functional guilds were overrepresented in the S. alterniflora rhizosphere and root core microbiomes. Core microbiome bacteria from the Candidatus Thiodiazotropha genus, with the metabolic potential to couple S oxidation with C and N fixation, were shown to be highly abundant in the root and rhizosphere of S. alterniflora. Conclusions: The S. alterniflora root microbiome is dominated by highly active and competitive species taking advantage of available carbon substrates in the oxidized root zone. Two microbially-mediated mechanisms are proposed to stimulate S. alterniflora primary productivity: (i.) Enhanced microbial activity replenishes nutrients and terminal electron acceptors in higher biomass stands, and (ii.) coupling of chemolithotrophic S oxidation with carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) fixation by root and rhizosphere associated prokaryotes detoxify sulfide in the root zone while potentially transferring fixed C and N to the host plant.
Study of the Synchrotron Photoionization Oxidation of Alpha-Angelica Lactone (AAL) Initiated by O(3P) at 298, 550, and 700 K.

In recent years, biofuels have been receiving significant attention because of their potential for decreasing carbon emissions and providing a long-term renewable solution to unsustainable fossil fuels. Currently, lactones are some of the alternatives being produced. Many lactones occur in a range of natural substances and have many advantages over bioethanol. In this study, the oxidation of alpha-angelica lactone initiated by ground-state atomic oxygen, O(3P), was studied at 298, 550, and 700 K using synchrotron radiation coupled with multiplexed photoionization mass spectrometry at the Lawrence Berkeley National Lab (LBNL). Photoionization spectra and kinetic time traces were measured to identify the primary products. Ketene, acetaldehyde, methyl vinyl ketone, methylglyoxal, dimethyl glyoxal, and 5-methyl-2,4-furandione were characterized as major reaction products, with ketene being the most abundant at all three temperatures. Possible reaction pathways for the formation of the observed primary products were computed using the CBS–QB3 composite method.
Recovering Stress Distribution on Deformable Tissue for a Magnetic Actuated Insertable Laparoscopic Surgical Camera

Fully insertable laparoscopic cameras represent a promising future of minimally invasive surgery. The most characteristic technology adopted on these devices is transabdominal anchoring and actuation based on magnetic coupling. However, few have paid adequate attention to the safety concerns. As the camera is anchored against the interior abdominal wall without any force feedback, the patient is being exposed to a high risk of getting injured by inappropriate stress on the tissue. We have recovered the camera-tissue interaction force via a non-invasive approach in our previous work. Aiming to access the stress distribution, this paper presents a viscoelastic camera-tissue interaction model, which establishes explicit relations between the contact force and the stress distribution on the tissue. For the first time, a geometric constraint between the contact angle and the tissue indentation is introduced, which helps make the multivariable model solvable. Ex-vivo experiments on porcine abdomen tissue facilitated by non-invasive force measurement validate effectiveness of the model. This work lays foundation for improving control and surgical safety of using a magnetic actuated insertable laparoscopic surgical camera.
What’s in the bucket? Aspectual (non)compositionality in phrasal idioms

I consider here the question of whether the aspectual properties of idioms are compositionally determined with respect to the normal literal meanings of their components. This issue is unresolved in the literature, with some (Marantz 1997; McGinnis 2002, 2005) arguing for systematic literal compositionality, some noting mismatches in the aspectual properties of some idioms’ literal and figurative readings and therefore arguing for compositionality with respect to idioms’ meanings only (Glasbey 2003, 2007), and others attempting to reconcile the two views, maintaining systematic literal compositionality while accounting for mismatches by adding aspectual information post-syntactically (Leivada 2017) or by nonlinguistic conceptual processes (Mateu and Espinal 2007). Working within a monotonic model of aspectual composition in which telicity, durativity, and dynamicity are privative features inherent to verbs (Olsen 1997), I present further evidence for Glasbey’s position, arguing that that the aspectual properties of idioms are predictable on the basis of their figurative meanings, and that the literal readings of their components are irrelevant to aspectual composition, at least in the domain of language production. I further argue that some phrasal idioms are more highly specified than their commonly paraphrased meanings, and that idiomaticity represents a motivated exception to Olsen’s model in that idioms may be negatively specified for telicity, durativity, and dynamicity. I conclude that this exception falls out directly from the assumption that idioms may lexicalize a larger structure than verbs, speculating that this may include an inner aspect head in the syntax.
Transforming Violent Political Movements : Rebels today, what tomorrow?

1. The Transformation of Conflict 2. The Violent Rebellious Movement and Its Possible Outcomes 3. The Collective Political Violence Transformative Model 4. The Methodological Approach 5. Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (FARC-EP) 6. The Abu Sayyaf Group (ASG) 7. Provisional Irish Republican Army/Sinn Fein (PIRA/SF) 8. Spear of the Nation/African National Congress (MK/ANC) 9. The Future of the Study of Transformation Appendix A
The role of β1Pix/caveolin-1 interaction in endothelin signaling through Gα subunits

Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a potent mitogen that transmits signals through its cognate G protein-coupled receptors to stimulate extracellular signal-regulated kinase Erk1/2. Endothelin-1 receptors (ET-Rs) are known to interact with caveolin-1 and co-localize in caveolae which integrate different receptor and signaling proteins. We have recently shown that beta(1)Pix binds specifically to ET-Rs. Here, we show that beta(1)Pix binding to caveolin-1 is dependent on heterotrimeric G proteins activation state. beta(1)Pix interaction with different G proteins is increased in the presence of the G protein activator AMF. Moreover, extraction of cholesterol with methyl-beta-cyclodextrin disrupts the binding of beta(1)Pix to Galpha(q), Galpha(12) and phospho-Erk1/2 but not the binding of beta(1)Pix to G(beta1). The disruption of beta(1)Pix dimerization strongly reduced the binding of caveolin-1, Galpha(q) and Galpha(12). Constitutively active mutants of Galpha(q) and Galpha(12) increased Cdc42 activation when co-expressed with beta(1)Pix but not in the presence of beta(1)Pix dimerization deficient mutant beta(1)PixDelta (602-611). ET-1 stimulation increased the binding of phosphorylated Erk1/2 to beta(1)Pix but not to beta(1)PixDelta (602-611). RGS3 decreased ET-1-induced Cdc42 activation. These results strongly suggest that the activation of ET-Rs leads to the compartmentalization and the binding of Galpha(q) to beta(1)Pix in caveolae, where dimeric beta(1)Pix acts as platform to facilitate the binding and the activation of Erk1/2.