cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature dependence of electron mobility in a free — Standing quantum well

Abstract We have studied theoretically the low-field electron transport in a free-standing quantum well where the deformation potential scattering of electrons by acoustic phonons is the major mechanism of the electron relaxation. The quantization of acoustic phonons, their multisubband spectrum, and the exact form of the dilatational acoustic modes are taken into account. We have numerically solved the kinetic equation for electrons in the low electric field limit. At low lattice temperature the obtained electron distribution function has several peaks associated with scattering by different dilatational phonons. The electron mobility has temperature dependence similar to that described by the Bloch-Gruneisen formula, however we have obtained T −3 dependence of mobility in the low temperature region.
Single Negative, Double Negative, Low Loss Negative

We deliberately control one or several parameters out of the quadruple of imaginary and real parts of permittivity and permeability. Optical magnetism throughout the visible range and dual band negative index metamaterials were discussed.
Satellites and psychology for improved forest monitoring

Forests are changing faster today than at any time since the Ice Age. The human enterprise has driven vast forest losses and a mounting wake of forest regrowth that defies historical biogeography. As the pace of change accelerates, so does the demand to monitor forests for conservation and resource policy.
The nature of alcoholism in patients with different family histories for alcoholism

Abstract 1. The course and consequences of alcohol abuse were examined in male and female patients being treated for alcoholism. 2. Demographic characteristics, family history for alcoholism, psychopathology, drinking history and social and physical consequences of alcohol abuse were assessed. 3. Probands with alcoholism on both the maternal and paternal sides of their pedigree experience greater psychosocial and physical consequences of alcohol abuse than other alcoholic patients. 4. Sex of the proband and type of family pedigree for alcoholism were found not to be interactive but to contribute separate additive effects.
Shock-induced behavior of cubic gauche polymeric nitrogen

Quantum-mechanical calculations based on density functional theory are used to study the shock response of the polymeric cubic gauche phase of nitrogen (cg-N), proposed as an alternative energetic ingredient to those used in conventional explosive formulations. The shocked polymeric nitrogen undergoes multiple complex phase transformations and spontaneously forms defects. The occurrence of these dynamic phenomena absorbs the shock energy which subsequently slows the compression wave. Additionally, no reaction occurs immediately behind the shock front; rather reactions result from the unraveling of the material at the free edge of the filament opposite to shock propagation. As the material unravels, numerous polyatomic transients are formed, including five-membered rings and polymeric chains, which subsequently undergo secondary reactions to form the final diatomic products. The speed at which these reactions propagate through the material is much slower than the sound speed, and combined with the slowing compression wave, indicates that the material may not detonate under these conditions.
Nuclear symmetry energy

To study the nuclear symmetry energy, we extend the Dirac-Brueckner approach with a Bonn one-boson-exchange nucleon-nucleon interaction to the general case of asymmetric nuclear matter. We extract the symmetry energy coefficient at the saturation to be about 31 MeV, which is in good agreement with the empirical value of 30{plus_minus}4thinspMeV. The symmetry energy is found to increase almost linearly with the density, which differs considerably from the results of nonrelativistic approaches. This finding also supports the linear parametrization of Prakash, Ainsworth, and Lattimer. We find, furthermore, that the higher-order dependence of the nuclear equation of state on the asymmetry parameter is unimportant. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Compton defects and asymmetries in free atoms

High-energy-electron-impact-spectroscopy experiments and exact-Hartree-Slater theory show the existence of Compton defects and asymmetries (nonimpulse effects) in helium and neon and are in good agreement with one another.
Mechanochemical synthesis and thermal property investigation of metallomesogens and transition metal complexes

Dialkyl 2,2′-bipyridyl-4,4′-dicarboxylate (Lβn, where βn refers to the number of carbons in β-substituted alkyl chain) complexes including PtLβ16Cl2, CdLβ16Cl2, [AgLβnNO3] and the dodecylsulfate salt [AgLβn2](DOS) were produced at reduced cost and in shorter times, compared to traditional solvent-based methods, by mechanochemical reaction in the absence of solvent. PtLβ16Cl2 and the [AgLβn2](DOS) complexes are the first mesogenic transition metal complexes to be produced via ball milling. The effectiveness of a simple ligand modification, β- versus α-attachment of the alkyl functionalities to the ligand, is presented as a highly effective method for increasing the stable temperature range of a variety of metallomesogens and for producing sub-room-temperature liquid crystals.
Substoichiometric shifting in the fertility reversion of cytoplasmic male sterile pearl millet

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) represents an important agricultural trait in pearl millet [Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br.] with a value to the seed industry in facilitating economical hybrid seed production. Among the CMS systems available in millet, the A1 source is the most commonly used for hybrid production, but it can undergo low frequency reversion to fertility. Plant mitochondrial genomes are highly recombinogenic, becoming unstable and prone to ectopic recombination under conditions of tissue culture, somatic hybridization, or interspecific crossing. Similarly, CMS systems prone to spontaneous fertility reversion experience sporadic mitochondrial genome instability. We compared mitochondrial genome configurations between the male-sterile A1 line and fertile revertants of pearl millet to develop a model for millet mitochondrial genome reorganization upon reversion. Relative copy number of a subgenomic molecule containing the CoxI-1-2 junction region, a component of the recombination process for reversion, is amplified tenfold following reversion, relative to the CMS A1 line. We propose that increased copy number of this molecule in a small number of cells or at low frequency triggers a recombination cascade, likely during reproductive development. The proposed recombination process initiates with ectopic recombination through a 7-bp repeat to produce a novel CoxI-3-2 junction molecule and an unstable recombination intermediate. Subsequent intra-molecular recombination stabilizes the intermediate to form a new copy of CoxI accompanied by a deletion. This study furthers the argument that substoichiometric shifting within the plant mitochondrial genome plays an important role in the evolution of the mitochondrial genome and plant reproductive dynamics.
Pom Forum: Operations Management's Next Source of Galvanizing Energy?

I am concerned that the field of production and operations management is losing direction and cohesion, as well as the battle for the best new faculty, student enrollments, and research funding. This problem is not due to a lack of interesting initiatives but because our several active subfields are pulling us in different directions and causing our common ground to shrink. This is at a time when firms around the globe are facing perplexing operating problems that are apparently not resolvable through existing theories and techniques. Other academic fields have experienced similar strains at certain points, and they tend to get to that point following a progression like those that production and operations management has witnessed three times in the past 50 years. After briefly describing these past histories, I propose that we are near the end of one cycle and need a new jolt of energy to begin another. The problems of coordinating the complex collaborations among networked organizations (the Coordination of Operations across Multiple Organizations) are becoming increasingly important in today's economy. I suggest that intensive multiteam studies of such networks could provide new insights into these pressing problems, stimulate creativity, and help reunify our field.
Stridor—a complication of PEG placement in the postoperative (& post-radiation) period of patients with head and neck cancer

Stridor—a complication of PEG placement in the postoperative (& post-radiation) period of patients with head and neck cancer
Anesthetic Considerations for Adults Undergoing Fontan Conversion Surgery

There are currently in North America more adults with congenital heart disease than children. This article discusses the anesthetic considerations in adults with single-ventricle physiology and prior repairs who present for Fontan conversion surgery as a demonstration of the challenges of caring for adults undergoing interventions for the repair of congenital heart defects. The care of these patients requires an understanding of the impact of passive pulmonary blood flow and single systemic ventricular physiology. The perioperative morbidity in this patient population remains high.
Direct lineage tracing reveals the ontogeny of pancreatic cell fates during mouse embryogenesis

Lineage tracing follows the progeny of labeled cells through development. This technique identifies precursors of mature cell types in vivo and describes the cell fate restriction steps they undergo in temporal order. In the mouse pancreas, direct cell lineage tracing reveals that Pdx1- expressing progenitors in the early embryo give rise to all pancreatic cells. The progenitors for the mature pancreatic ducts separate from the endocrine/exocrine tissues before E12.5. Expression of Ngn3 and pancreatic polypeptide marks endocrine cell lineages during early embryogenesis, and these cells behave as transient progenitors rather than stem cells. In adults, Ngn3 is expressed within the endocrine islets, and the NGN3+ cells seem to contribute to pancreatic islet renewal. These results indicate the stage at which each progenitor population is restricted to a particular fate and provide markers for isolating progenitors to study their growth, differentiation, and the genes necessary for their development.
Buffering for vector performance on a pipelined MIMD machine

A technique is presented for obtaining vector performance from a pipelined MIMD computer that does not have hardwired vector instructions. The specific computer in mind is the Denelcor HEP, but the technique might influence the use and possibly even the design of future machines with this type of architecture. This preliminary report presents the basic idea and demonstrates that it can be implemented. Buffering blocks of data to registers is used in conjunction with pipelined floating-point operations to achieve vector performance. Empirical evidence is presented to show that up to 5.8 megaflop performance is possible from the Denelcor HEP on very regular tasks such as matrix vector products. While this rate is not in the 'super-computer' range, it is certainly respectable given the hardware capabilities of the HEP (this machine is rated at 10 MIPS peak). This performance indicates that an apparently minor refinement to the architectural design could provide very efficient vector operations in addition to the parallelism and low-overhead synchronization already offered by the HEP architecture.
Reactive Cysteine in the Structural Zn2+ Site of the C1B Domain from PKCα

Structural cysteine-rich Zn2+ sites that stabilize protein folds are considered to be unreactive. In this article, we identified a reactive cysteine residue, Cys151, in a treble-clef zinc finger with a Cys3His coordination sphere. The protein in question is the C1B domain of Protein Kinase Cα (PKCα). Mass-tagging cysteine assays of several C1B variants were employed to ascertain the site specificity of the covalent modification. The reactivity of Cys151 in C1B also manifests itself in the structural dynamics of the Zn2+ coordination sphere where the Sγ of Cys151 alternates between the Zn2+-bound thiolate and free thiol states. We used NMR-detected pH titrations, ZZ-exchange spectroscopy, and residual dipolar coupling (RDC)-driven structure refinement to characterize the two exchanging conformations of C1B that differ in zinc coordination. Our data suggest that Cys151 serves as an entry point for the reactive oxygen species that activate PKCα in a process involving Zn2+ release.
Relationship between sugar maple budburst phenology and pear thrips damage

The relationship between budburst phenology and damage by the pear thrips (Taeniothripsinconsequens (Uzel) (Thysanoptera: Thripidae)) to sugar maple (Acersaccharum Marsh.) foliage was investigated ...
Controlled dispensing and mixing of pico- to nanoliter volumes using on-demand droplet-based microfluidics

We present an integrated droplet-on-demand microfluidic platform for dispensing, mixing, incubating, extracting and analyzing by mass spectrometry pico- to nanoliter-sized droplets. All of the functional components are successfully integrated for the first time into a monolithic microdevice. Droplet generation is accomplished using computer-controlled pneumatic valves. Controlled actuation of valves for different aqueous streams enables accurate dosing and rapid mixing of reagents within droplets in either the droplet generation area or in a region of widening channel cross-section. Following incubation, which takes place as droplets travel in the oil stream, the droplet contents are extracted to an aqueous channel for subsequent ionization at an integrated nanoelectrospray emitter. Using the integrated platform, rapid enzymatic digestions of a model protein were carried out in droplets and detected online by nanoelectrospray ionization mass spectrometry.
Impact of Development on Children's Mourning

Abstract Purpose: A qualitative approach was used to analyze the impact of development on the grief responses of 157 children from 88 families to the death of a parent from cancer. Description of study : Children from age 3 to 17 years were divided by developmental characteristics, derived from interview data, into five development-derived age categories. Results: The responses of children in different categories clarified the impact of development on their distinct expressions of grief, attributes of the parent they mourned, and the parent's tasks in enhancing the reconstitution of the child and the family. Clinical implications: This first attempt to find a way to segregate children into developmentally more homogenous subgroups led to the clarification of patterns of mourning behaviors that are clinically useful. The increased precision of findings, such as the way development affects the child's mourning and the related parental support they need, may help clinicians develop more specific interventions to help children cope with the death of a parent and guide parents in understanding their children's differing responses. The pivotal role of the surviving parent and the tasks required of that parent are important for healthcare professionals to understand and support.
Culture Environment-Induced Pluripotency of SACK-Expanded Tissue Stem Cells

Previous efforts to improve the efficiency of cellular reprogramming for the generation of induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have focused mainly on transcription factors and small molecule combinations. Here, we report the results of our focus instead on the phenotype of the cells targeted for reprogramming. We find that adult mouse pancreatic tissue stem cells derived by the method of suppression of asymmetric cell kinetics (SACK) acquire increased potency simply by culture under conditions for the production and maintenance of pluripotent stem cells. Moreover, supplementation with the SACK agent xanthine, which promotes symmetric self-renewal, significantly increases the efficiency and degree of acquisition of pluripotency properties. In transplantation analyses, clonal reprogrammed pancreatic stem cells produce slow-growing tumors with tissue derivative of all three embryonic germ layers. This acquisition of pluripotency, without transduction with exogenous transcription factors, supports the concept that tissue stem cells are predisposed to cellular reprogramming, particularly when symmetrically self-renewing.
WHO WILL MAKE THE PUBLIC AWARE OF MEDIATION

Expanding on the issue raised by Meyer Elkin in the June 1986 issue of Conciliation Courts Review, Barbara Younger, a mediator in Massachusetts reviews some opinions of attorneys, therapists and mediators regarding whether referrals to mediation are actually made to their clients. She notes that because of what seem to be possible overlaps in services, conflict in services and perhaps even protection of territorial limits, professionals seem to make preferential judgments about which clients should be provided knowledge of the mediation option.
Fabrication of large area nano-rings for MRAM application

We have developed lateral etch techniques to fabricate large area high density nano-scale magnetic ring arrays by deep ultraviolet lithography. Both centered and de-centered rings have been obtained. The width of the rings are controlled by the lateral etch time, and the inner ring diameter was scaled down below the lithography resolution limit. For de-centered rings, the shift between the center of inner and outer circles was easily adjustable. The characteristics of the ring arrays were characterized by SEM, AFM and SQUID.
Ecosystem services and community based coral reef management institutions in post blast-fishing Indonesia

Abstract Depending upon the institutional framework, coral reef ecosystems and local economic development can be synergistic. When managed properly through local institutions, coral reef systems can deliver ecosystem services that create livelihoods and increase local prosperity in dependent communities. This study compares two community-based reef management institutions. One is located in a community with a reef struggling to recover from destructive fishing, the other in a community that has experienced a remarkable recovery. Using mixed methods, long-form interviews, and surveys of reef tourism stakeholders, this uses institutional characteristics to predict reef quality. Certain institutional components hypothesized to predict reef quality did not; these include universal membership requirements for reef stakeholders, stakeholder familiarity with leadership and hierarchies, and transparent decision-making and implementation of management policy. This means that one size fits all prescriptions for local reef management institutions should be viewed with caution. Instead, the success of management institutions may depend upon both the path toward economic development, access to technology that facilitates coral recovery, and communication of conservation strategies to tourist visitors.
Papillary Fibroelastoma of the Mitral Valve With Systemic Embolization

A 39-year-old white man with no previous medical history presented with acute posterior wall myocardial infarction complicated by ventricular fibrillation arrest. Two days before this admission, he had experienced an episode of transient right-sided arm weakness and facial numbness. Cardiac catheterization (Figure⇓, top left) showed …
A study of female robbers in a Southern Correctional Institution

Abstract A stratified random sample of thirty-three female robbers incarcerated at the Florida Correctional Institute at Lowell was selected and interviewed. The findings indicated that the majority of the sample was black, under thirty, of average intelligence, and single. The female robber was typically found to operate with an accomplice, use a firearm, and be motivated by a desire for financial gain. A preliminary typology that included two major categories, situational robbers and career robbers, was developed.
Training in Personality Assessment in Specialist-Level School Psychology Programs

Summary.-A survey was designed to obtain data from school psychology training programs regarding the teaching of personality assessment at the specialist (nondoctoral) level. 63 instructors of 99 courses in personality assessment responded to questions regarding course content and general strategies related to instrucrion in personality assessment. Questionnaire data penained to the types of tests and techniques taught, the related topics covered, the percentage of instruction devoted to children and adults, and he amount of Formal course work required. It was concluded that most programs offer one course at the specialist level covering a Fairly consistent set of tests and related topics. Psychological assessment has traditionally been a major function of practicing psychologists (Meir, 1993 ). Within school psychology, assessment has comprised a large amount of the school psychologist's time (Ramage, 1979). The role of assessment within the field of school psychology has changed, however, particularly in the light of the school reform movement ( Wllson & Reschly, 1996). Where once a major focus of school psychology pracuce was to determine eligibhty for special education services, school psychologists now also devote considerable time to consultation and intervention. Current practices emphasize problem-solving approaches that ltnk assessment to intervention and systemic change for all children. Personality assessment represents one component of the assessment of children within school settings. Unlike assessment conducted within mental health settings, the focus of personahty assessment within the school is on resolving social-emotional problems that affect the performance of the identified child or others within the classroom (Knoff, 1986). Personality assessment is typically part of a comprehensive evaluation that may include not only other psychological measures but also input from a team of professionals, e.g., special education teachers, guidance counselors, etc., who brmg diverse perspectives to the issue at hand. Surveys of practitioners in school psychology (Goh, Teslow, & Fuller, 1981; Hutton, Dubes, & Muir, 1992) have found both a continued rehance on traditional assessment measures as well as the use of tests with poor reli
Securing e-voting as a legitimate option for e-governance

The constant change of technology has put increased pressure on e-governance initiatives to modernise its election process to keep pace with e-commerce activities. After several national elections, many citizens have noticed first hand the numerous voter irregularities that included long lines, hanging chads, and other polling problems as many countries rush to update their aging and out-dated voter machines and traditional forms of capturing and identifying voters' information. Although e-voting could gradually lead to a smoother, electoral process, citizens and politicians must not assume electronic machines are cure-alls to the traditional ballot crisis. Since e-voting entails plugging votes across a network into a central IT-infrastructure, security and privacy concerns become increasingly imminent. This paper focuses on such e-governance initiatives and what steps election officials could take to ensure its elections via e-voting are secure through a cost/benefit analysis.
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies and the safety of naturally-derived biologicals

Abstract Abstract. Late in 1986, a new neurodegenerative disease, referred to as bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), was recognized in domestic cattle in southern England. Since then, tens of thousands of cases have been confirmed throughout the U.K. and the disease has also appeared sporadically outside of the British Isles. BSE belongs to a group of rare, progressive and fatal disorders of the central nervous system of animals and man caused by anomalous infectious agents whose properties are not yet full understood. Consequently, fears were raised about the possibility that the disease might constitute a possible health risk for humans. Minimization of potential contamination has thus become an issue of growing interest. This short review summarizes the main aspects of the problem together with the procedures developed to sterilize preparation of biologicals even from sources containing potentially high levels of contamination.
The return of the city-state: urban governance and the New York City H1N1 pandemic.

Abstract This article examines New York City�s response to the 2009 H1N1 pandemic in the context of the post-9/11 US security regime. While the federal level �all-hazards� approach made for greater depth of support, it also generated unrealistic assumptions at odds with an effective local response. The combination of structurally induced opportunity and actor specific strengths (size, expertise) made for effective local governance by the New York City Department of Health and Mental Hygiene. By underlining the importance of locality as a first line of defence and linking defence function to policy initiative in regard to health governance, this study illustrates the continuing relevance of Weber�s insight into the institutional structure of the city.
Rift and grain in basement Thermally triggered snapshots of stress fields during erosional unroofing of the Rocky Mountains of Montana and Wyoming

Even though “rift” and “grain” (R/G) are New England quarrymens9 terms for ease-of-fracture, somewhat similar structures appear in basement exposures throughout the Rocky Mountains of Montana and Wyoming. However, the nature, origin, and structural utility of these subtle features are generally unrecognized in the western uplifts. R/G represent directions of easy mesoscopic splitting produced by closely spaced microscopic fracture planes in quartz, now healed into thin zones of very tiny fluid inclusions. At hand-specimen to outcrop-scale these represent strength anisotropies that can exert major controls in the orientation of a host of younger types of joints and other fractures, one of many types of tectonic heredity. In the Rocky Mountain uplifts, strike of R/G can remain constant over 1009s of km 2 , commonly with strikes parallel to adjacent mountain fronts. A late to post-Laramide age is indicated by dips remaining vertical even in strongly tilted mountain fronts. It is argued that these microfractures were produced by stresses generated by differential thermal contraction along the several crystallographic axes of quartz grains. Thermally induced grain-scale stresses directionally augmented by even weak regional stress fields produced the observed systematic regional patterns. Temperatures well above 150°C have been documented for some microcrack origins, but these Rocky Mountain examples are limited by stratigraphic cover and association with eroding mountain fronts to formation at temperatures below 80°C, possibly as low as 50–60°C, and depths as shallow as 1–2 km. Some of the R/G orientational domains represent older stress fields, but the mountain-front parallel ones are essentially snapshots of the last gasps of dying Laramide stress fields. The relationships suggests formation by volumetric expansion and interchange of σ 1 , σ 2 , and σ 3 stress fields as decreasing confinement by adjacent basin fill allowed the uplifted mountain mass to begin gravitational spreading.
Mapping Vegetation Volume in Urban Environments by Fusing LiDAR and Multispectral Data

Urban forests provide great ecosystem services to population in metropolitan areas even though they occupy little green space in a huge gray landscape. Unfortunately, urbanization inherently results in threatening the green infrastructure, and the recent urbanization trends drew great attention of scientists and policy makers on how to preserve or restore green infrastructure in metropolitan area. For this reason, mapping the spatial distribution of the green infrastructure is important in urban environments since the resulting map helps us identify hot green spots and set up long term plan on how to preserve or restore green infrastructure in urban environments. As a preliminary step for mapping green infrastructure utilizing multi-source remote sensing data in urban environments, the objective of this study is to map vegetation volume by fusing LiDAR and multispectral data in urban environments. Multispectral imageries are used to identify the two dimensional distribution of green infrastructure, while LiDAR data are utilized to characterize the vertical structure of the identified green structure. Vegetation volume was calculated over the metropolitan Chicago city area, and the vegetation volume was summarized over 16 NLCD classes. The experimental results indicated that vegetation volume varies greatly even in the same land cover class, and traditional land cover map based above ground biomass estimation approach may introduce bias in the estimation results.
Experimental testbed and prototype development for a dragonfly-inspired robot

This paper presents the design of a novel mechanical flapper for the study of the high stroke plane angle kinematics present in many biological locomotory mechanisms, in particularly, in the complex flight kinematics of dragonflies. The flapper allows these kinematics to be easily reproduced for dynamic analysis, with the ultimate goal of obtaining optimal kinematics suitable for mechanical implementation in flapping wing robots. The design and development of the mechanical flapping experimental testbed, which can flap a given wing/fin in three rotational degrees of freedom is presented in detail. An introduction to a robotic prototype, which implements these simplified kinematics, is also given; a presentation of the motivation, design and fabrication is included with some kinematic and aerodynamic validation of the mechanism.
Exogenous retinoic acid induces digit reduction in opossums (Monodelphis domestica) by disrupting cell death and proliferation, and apical ectodermal ridge and zone of polarizing activity function.

Background Retinoic acid (RA) is a vitamin A derivative. Exposure to exogenous RA generates congenital limb malformations (CLMs) in species from frogs to humans. These CLMs include but are not limited to oligodactyly and long-bone hypoplasia. The processes by which exogenous RA induces CLMs in mammals have been best studied in mouse, but as of yet remain unresolved. Methods We investigated the impact of exogenous RA on the cellular and molecular development of the limbs of a nonrodent model mammal, the opossum Monodelphis domestica. Opossums exposed to exogenous retinoic acid display CLMs including oligodactly, and results are consistent with opossum development being more susceptible to RA-induced disruptions than mouse development. Results Exposure of developing opossums to exogenous RA leads to an increase in cell death in the limb mesenchyme that is most pronounced in the zone of polarizing activity, and a reduction in cell proliferation throughout the limb mesenchyme. Exogenous RA also disrupts the expression of Shh in the zone of polarizing activity, and Fgf8 in the apical ectodermal ridge, and other genes with roles in the regulation of limb development and cell death. Conclusion Results are consistent with RA inducing CLMs in opossum limbs by disrupting the functions of the apical ectodermal ridge and zone of polarizing activity, and driving an increase in cell death and reduction of cell proliferation in the mesenchyme of the developing limb. Birth Defects Research (Part A) 103:225–234, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Genetics of turkeys: Origin and development

An account of the origin of turkeys is presented. The development of the turkey, including comparisons with other poultry species, is covered in a review of research published on turkey genetics an...
A magnetic, thin-film, integrated circuit memory system

A memory system comprising uncased integrated circuits, evaporated wires, and magnetic, thin-film storage elements has been fabricated and tested. The 1536-bit memory system is contained on one side of a 3-by 4 1/2-inch glass substrate. All system wiring on the substrate is formed by evaporating aluminum through masks. All system circuits are contained on 182 silicon chips, each 0.050-inch square, and the chips are ultrasonically bonded directly to the evaporated aluminum. Data are presented on the operation of the selection system, of the recirculation loops, and of a portion of the memory system. Operation of the complete memory system was precluded by oscillations which developed in the system as recirculation loops were added. All subsections of the memory system function properly except for the recirculatinn loops. The origin of the oscillations and the techniques for eliminating them are discussed. The data obtained in fabricating and testing partially populated systems indicate that the fabrication techniques are practical.
Impact of rain on spaceborne Ku-band wind scatterometer data

The accuracy of Ku-band ocean wind scatterometers (i.e., NSCAT and SeaWinds) is impacted to varying degrees by rain. In order to determine how to best flag rain-contaminated wind vector cells and ultimately to calibrate out the effects of rain as much as possible, we must understand the impact of rain on the backscatter measurements that are used to retrieve wind vectors. This study uses collocated SSM/I rain rate measurements, NCEP wind fields, and SeaWinds on QuikSCAT backscatter measurements to empirically fit a simple theoretical model of the effect of rain on /spl sigma//sub 0/, and to check the validity of that model. The chief findings of the study are (1) horizontal polarization measurements are more sensitive to rain than vertical polarization, (2) sensitivity to rain varies dramatically with wind speed, and (3) the additional backscatter due to rain overshadows the rain-related attenuation.
Exoplanet Atmospheres and Photochemistry

Over 150 extrasolar planets are known to orbit sun-like stars. A growing number of them (9 to date) are transiting “hot Jupiters” whose physical characteristics can be measured. Atmospheres of two of these planets have already been detected. We summarize the atmosphere detections and useful upper limits, focusing on the MOST albedo upper limit and II exosphere detection for IID 209458b as the most relevant for photochemical models. We describe our photochemical model for hot Jupiters and present a summary explanation of the main results: a low gas-phase abundance of hydrocarbons; an absence of hydrocarbon hazes; and a large reservoir of II atoms in the upper atmospheres of hot Jupiters. We conclude by relating these model results to the relevant observational data.
Determining factors of academic library Web site usage

This study develops three alternative models of academic library Web site usage based on the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). The three alternative models depict relationships among various intrinsic and extrinsic determinant factors of an academic library's Web site usage. The four factors included in the models are perceived ease-of-use, perceived usefulness, service functionality, and task functionality. These four factors are hypothesized to affect directly or indirectly both factors of satisfaction and intention-to-use. LISREL analysis using survey data shows that the best-fit model is the “Dual Mediation Impact” Model. Research and managerial implications for the academic library are discussed. Future research directions and limitations also are provided. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Utility of System Generated Syndromic Surveillance Alerts to Detect Reportable Disease Outbreaks

In light of recent outbreaks of pertussis, the ability of Florida Department of Health's (FDOH) Electronic Surveillance System for the Early Notification of Community-based Epidemics (ESSENCE-FL) to detect emergent disease outbreaks was examined. Florida's syndromic surveillance system, ESSENCE-FL, has the capacity to monitor reportable disease case data from Merlin, the Bureau of Epidemiology's secure web-based reporting and epidemiologic analysis system. In this study we determine the utility of ESSENCE-FL system generated disease alerts originally designed for use with emergency department chief complaint data to reportable disease data to assist in timely detection of outbreaks to promote appropriate response measures.
"Anyplace but the state hospital": examining assumptions about the benefits of admission diversion.

One function of contemporary psychiatric emergency services is to divert patient admissions from state hospitals. Underlying this mandate are a series of untested assumptions about the positive effects of admission diversion. The author examines these assumptions using data on inpatient admissions from a crisis intervention service. Although the service was successful in preventing first admissions to the state hospital, the rate of recidivist admissions increased. Inpatient treatment in general or private hospitals did not result in shorter lengths of stay orfewer bed days than state hospital treatment. Because patients could be sent to any of several hospitals, some located far from the catchment area, continuity of care and treatment in the local community were not advanced by diverting admissions from the state hospital.
Nail damage from gel polish manicure

Manicures can result in nail damage via instrumentation, nail polish, nail polish removers, and artificial nails. We report nail weakness, brittleness, and thinning in five subjects after the application of a new manicure system called gel polish and removal with acetone and manual peeling. All subjects complained that the polish was very difficult to remove and that their nails became much thinner after the procedure. Pseudoleukonychia and onychoschizia lamellina were noted on examination. One subject underwent ultrasound and reflectance confocal microscopy (RCM) measurements of nail plate before and after the gel polish application, which showed thinned nail plate (0.063 vs. 0.050 cm and 0.059 vs. 0.030 cm, respectively). Overall, we call attention to the adverse effects of gel polish manicures in five subjects. In addition, our case illustrates potential utility of ultrasound and RCM in measuring nail plate thickness.
A correction factor for mass transfer coefficients for transport to partially impenetrable or nonadsorbing surfaces

Modele mathematique bidimensionnel de transfert de matiere a une surface solide servant a evaluer les coefficients de transfert de matiere dans le cas de surfaces partiellement actives
A heuristic travel time model for random storage systems using closest open location load dispatching

A heuristic method is proposed for estimating travel times in unit load random storage systems where incoming loads are dispatched to the closest available storage positions. A queuing model representation is used where servers correspond to storage positions and the service rate is based on the turnover distribution of stored loads. The resultant state distribution is applied to approximate storage position occupancy probabilities useful for generating storage and retrieval travel time estimates. Computational results suggest that the heuristic procedure yields smaller errors in random storage travel time estimates than alternative models.
Autonomy and Relatedness in Adolescent-Parent Disagreements: Ethnic and Developmental Factors

This study examines the way in which young people from diverse American ethnic backgrounds express autonomy and relatedness in their responses to disagreements with parents and the factors that influence their responses. Adolescents and emerging adults (N = 240) aged 14 to 22 years from four ethnic groups (European American, Mexican American, Armenian American, and Korean American) reported their projected actions (compliance, negotiation, self-assertion) and reasons for their actions in response to six hypothetical adolescent-parent disagreements and completed a scale of family interdependence. Participants from non-European backgrounds complied with parents more than did those from European backgrounds but did not differ in autonomy. Older European Americans used more family-oriented reasons than younger ones, and older Armenian and Mexican Americans were more assertive than younger ones. Family interdependence mediated ethnic differences in compliance and predicted self-assertion.
Diagnosis of Extracapsular Extension of Prostate Cancer on Prostate MRI: Impact of Second-Opinion Readings by Subspecialized Genitourinary Oncologic Radiologists.

OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this article is to investigate the added value of second-opinion evaluation of prostate MRI by subspecialized genitourinary oncologic radiologists for the assessment of extracapsular extension (ECE) of prostate cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS. We performed a retrospective evaluation of initial and second-opinion radiology reports of 76 patients who underwent MRI of the prostate before prostatectomy for histologically proven prostate cancer. Initial outside reports and second-opinion reports were unpaired and reviewed in random order by a urologist who was blinded to patients' clinical details and histopathologic data. Histopathologic analysis of the prostatectomy specimen served as the reference standard. RESULTS. Among cases with diagnostic-quality images available (71/76; 93%), disagreement between the initial report and the second-opinion report was observed in 30% of cases (21/71; κ = 0.35); in 18 of these 21 cases (86%), histopathologic analysis proved that the second-opinion ...
The Economic Development–Vibrant Center Connection: Tracking High-Growth Firms in the DC Region

Guided by empirical observation of recent downtown redevelopment, we conduct spatial analysis between urban vibrancy and economic growth at the census tract level. To measure the level of urban vibrancy of live work and play environments, we rely on the Environmental Protection Agency's Smart Location Database with measures of density, land use diversity, urban design, distance to transit, and destination accessibility. We further measure economic growth by the concentration of high-growth firms and employ descriptive statistics and spatial regressions to analyze the correlations. We first find the presence of vibrant centers in both urban and suburban areas. More important, we observe that vibrant centers have captured more of these high-growth firms. These results suggest the need for more refined theoretical and empirical analysis of urban vibrancy, economic development, and place attractiveness at the intrametropolitan scale.
PKC role in mechanically induced Ca2+ waves and ATP-induced Ca2+ oscillations in airway epithelial cells.

Mechanical stimulation of airway epithelial cells generates the Ca2+ mobilization messenger inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate and the protein kinase (PK) C activator diacylglycerol. Inositol 1,4,5-trisp...
A Lattice Approach to Interest Rate Spread Options

A pricing model is derived for interest rate spread options. The model is based on the lattice approach to representing the underlying forward rate process, affording enormous flexibility. This technology is applied to designing a security that will help banks hedge their typical interest rate exposure in a cost effective manner.
What Really Causes Glaucoma

Glaucoma can be defined in many different ways, as evidenced in this text. The most common definition is based on anatomy and pressure, with open angle glaucoma being most common among Caucasians in North America, low or normal tension glaucoma being most common among the Japanese, and angle closure being most common among other Asians. (Such clear delineations are not currently recognized in other ethnic groups.) Certain regions of the world give rise to the special circumstances of exfoliation. In the U.S., I am continually surprised with the discovery of new geographic foci of exfoliation. Regionally, it has been recognized for decades that exfoliation has a higher than normal prevalence in the greater Minneapolis area and around Minnesota - it is likely that this is due to the large number of individuals of Scandinavian descent. A week before writing this, I found out that exfoliation was also very common in the Salt Lake City area, where again northern European heritage is considered the causal factor. The genetics of exfoliation may eventually be studied more extensively in the geographic areas that are most highly affected. Ultimately, what really causes glaucoma is likely to be defined in genetic terms, just as exfoliation (but not necessarily exfoliative glaucoma) has been. Risk factors and “environmental factors,” as enumerated in the first chapters of this text, will always be important and have an impact upon the susceptible eye.
Characteristics of NIH- and industry-sponsored head and neck cancer clinical trials.

Objectives/Hypothesis Compare U.S. clinical trials sponsored by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) and industry, especially with regard to trial design, interventions studied, and results reporting rates. Study Design U.S. head-and-neck cancer clinical trials. Methods We used information from ClinicalTrials.gov to compare NIH- and industry-sponsored head-and-neck cancer clinical trials, specifically analyzing differences in trial design and interventions studied. We examined publication rates and positive results rates using PubMed.gov. Results About 50% of NIH- and industry-sponsored clinical trials have their results reported in peer-reviewed literature. Industry-sponsored trials had higher rates of positive results than NIH-sponsored trials. NIH- and industry-sponsored clinical trials had similar trial designs, although industry-sponsored trials had significantly lower rates of randomization. Industry trials utilized radiation in 19% of trials and surgery in 2% of trials. NIH trials also had low utilization of both radiation and surgery (27% and 12% of trials, respectively). NIH- and industry-sponsored trials published their results in journals with comparable impact factors. Conclusion There is significant underreporting of results in U.S. head-and-neck cancer clinical trials, whether sponsored by NIH or industry. Industry trials have significantly higher rates of positive results, although it is unclear what contributes to this. Both NIH- and industry-sponsored trials underutilize surgery and radiation as treatment modalities, despite the fact that these are standard-of-care therapies for head and neck cancer. We recommend that the NIH and industry report all results from clinical trials and use surgery and radiation as treatment arms in order to arrive at more balanced therapeutic recommendations. Level of Evidence N/A. Laryngoscope, 2016
Sterile Males in a Sex Pheromone Permeated Atmosphere to Reduce Reproduction of Ephestia cautella

A combination of the sex pheromone permeated atmosphere (SPPA) and the sterile males in a ratio of 2 sterile:1 fertile (SM 2:1) generally reduces reproduction of the almond moth, Ephestia cautella (Walker) more than either of these treatments alone. The sterile males render infertile some of the matings that occur in the SPPA. With similar test conditions, the reductions in reproduction in the SPPA are roughly equivalent to those for the SM 2:1, except at very low moth densities. At low densities, the SPPA reduces reproduction more than the SM 2:1. In fact, at these densities the mating rate may be so low in the SPPA that the SM 2:1 adds little to the effectiveness of the SPPA. However, when the insect distribution is not uniform, the combination of the SPPA and the SM 2:1 might still be useful at infestation levels apparently optimal for the SPPA alone.