cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
NEURAL CONTROL OF FIBRILLAR MUSCLES IN BEES DURING SHIVERING AND FLIGHT

The big indirect flight muscles in the thorax of honeybees and bumblebees show two modes of action: they contract with ‘conventional’ twitches in response to slowly repeated muscle potentials and go into tetanus at higher muscle potential frequencies. They can also contract much faster when quickly stretched (stretch activation). We observed contractions of DV (dorsoventral) and DL (dorsal longitudinal) muscles optically with the help of a tiny mirror glued to the scutellum. We noticed that DL muscles contracted much more than DV muscles during pre-flight warmup. During warm-up, muscle potential frequencies in DL muscles were higher than in DV muscles (DL frequency/DV frequency =1.3), whereas during flight the ratio reversed (DL/DV=0.8). The scutal fissure was completely closed during shivering warm-up, apparently because the DL muscles shortened as much as they could. As a consequence, fast antagonistic stretching was not possible. However, the scutal fissure oscillated between wide open and closed during flight, and antagonists could stretch each other quickly. Flight was started by highly synchronized ‘conventional’ contractions of many muscle elements in DV muscles. Antagonistic stretch-activation during flight led to faster shortening than during shivering warm-up and synchronized all activated muscle elements to produce maximal contractions. The indirect flight muscles of bumblebees were in tetanic contractions during shivering warm-up over the whole range of temperatures between 8 and 36°C. These tetanic contractions probably prevented other researchers from observing mechanical muscle activity. Our results, which for the first time allow us to detect tetanic contractions directly, make it very improbable that non-shivering thermogenesis occurs in bumblebees, as has been proposed previously.
‘A different army of the talented’: negative outliers in the rise of professionalism in Victorian public accountancy

This paper studies two gentlemen-professionals as negative outliers in Victorian public accountancy to provide an alternative perspective on late nineteenth-century practitioners. The gentlemen-professionals are London chartered accountants James and William Waddell who fled to New York in 1883 when new bankruptcy legislation exposed their embezzlement of creditor funds. As gentlemen-professionals anxious to demonstrate their social class and status, the brothers are studied in insolvency practice in London and as expert accountants in New York despite local knowledge of their prior misbehaviour. The paper concludes social class and status provide a useful research lens with which to study Victorian public accountants.
The unique reproductive concerns of young women with breast cancer.

Many young women with breast cancer are interested in having a biologic child in the future. However, adjuvant chemotherapy can cause ovarian toxicity and fertility naturally declines due to ovarian aging that occurs during the recommended five years of treatment with adjuvant hormonal therapy. Decisions about fertility after breast cancer are further complicated by concerns about the safety of fertility preservation and subsequent pregnancy after breast cancer, despite limited available data for safety. At the present time, the most reliable fertility preservation method for breast cancer patients is embryo cryopreservation prior to treatment, although alternative options exist. In an effort to allow women to pursue fertility preservation if warranted and avoid excessive treatment delay, it is important to consider fertility concerns early in the care of young women with breast cancer.
Conceptual Framework for Collaboratively Managing Coupled Human and Natural Systems under Climate Change Uncertainty

A collaborative decision making (CDM) framework is developed for managing coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) over time when managers are uncertain about one or more drivers of system behavior. The framework incorporates six elements: (1) framing the problem; (2) selecting management objectives; (3) choosing scenarios for future changes in one or more drivers of system behavior; (4) formulating alternative management actions; (5) estimating the values of management objectives and determining their compliance with maximum or minimum acceptable levels; and (6) determining preferred management actions for each driver scenario and time period. Application of the framework is illustrated for a hypothetical case study that determines preferred management actions over time for a highway corridor through a hypothetical national park based on four management objectives: minimizing soil erosion and vegetative losses along hiking trails in the highway corridor; and minimizing traffic congestion on the highway and visitor congestion on hiking trails in the highway corridor. Uncertainty about future visitor use of the highway corridor is taken into account by specifying low, medium, and high visitor use scenarios for the corridor. Preferred management actions for each visitor use scenario within time periods are determined using the fuzzy Technique for Order Preference by Similarity of Ideal Solution to rank management actions for each visitor use scenario. The preferred management action across visitor use scenarios for each time period is determined by applying the minimax regret criterion to maximum loss indices for the preferred management actions for visitor use scenarios.
The Development of a Centralized Unit-Dose Dispensing System for U.A.M.C. Part VI: The Pilot Study—Medication Errors and Drug tosses

An experimental centralized unit-dose system for dispensing drugs is being installed in the University of Arkansas Medical Center Hospital. A control study was conducted to ascertain the effect of installing the experimental system on 1 28-bed medical service nursing division during a 1-month pilot study. Observers noted medication errors including dosage errors timing errors and omissions committed by the nursing personnel during day and evening shifts for the experimental and the control period. There was a 17% error rate during the control period as opposed to a 7.2% rate during the experimental period. Omission wrong dose extra dose unordered drug and wrong dose form errors were all substantially higher during the control period. Interestingly timing errors were nearly 3 times higher during the experimental period. Losses from the drug inventory occurred under the existing system but no losses were detected during the experimental period. Savings to the hospital annually in reduction of drug losses through use of unit-doses would amount to approximately $26000.
Select Bcl-2 antagonism restores chemotherapy sensitivity in high-risk neuroblastoma

Pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma (HR NB) often fail to respond to upfront intensive multimodal therapy. Tumor-acquired suppression of apoptosis contributes to therapy resistance. Many HR NB tumors depend on the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 for survival, through Bcl-2 sequestration and inhibition of the pro-apoptotic protein, Bim. Bcl-2 dependent xenografts derived from aggressive human NB tumors are cured with a combination of cyclophosphamide and ABT-737, a Bcl-2/Bcl-X L /Bcl-w small molecule antagonist. The oral analogue to ABT-737, Navitoclax (ABT-263), clinically causes an immediate drop in peripheral platelet counts as mature platelets depend on Bcl-x L for survival. This led to the creation of a Bcl-2 selective inhibitor, ABT-199 (Venetoclax). A Phase I trial of ABT-199 in CLL showed remarkable antitumor activity and stable patient platelet counts. Given Bcl-X L does not play a role in HR NB survival, we hypothesized that ABT-199 would be equally potent against HR NB.
Elections in Japan, Korea, and Taiwan under the Single Non-Transferable Vote: The Comparative Study of Embedded Institution. Edited by Bernard Grofman, Sung-Chull Lee, Edwin A. Winckler, and Brian Woodall. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 1999. 495p. $74.50.

Under an electoral system of single nontransferable vote (SNTV) with multiple-seat districts, each voter can cast only one vote and only for one candidate, surplus votes cannot be transferred between candidates, and seats go to those candi- dates with the plurality of votes. Initially crafted by Japanese oligarchs in 1900, this unique system was continuously em- ployed for Japan's lower house elections till 1995, with a brief interlude during the Allied occupation. The SNTV system has been in use in Taiwan since World War II and was adopted in Korea during the Fourth and the Fifth Republic (1973­88). It is ironic that academic interest in this electoral system should increase just when it is being abandoned in its birthplace, Japan, in a fin-de-siecle political act that also ended political dominance of the ruling Liberal Democratic Party (LDP).
Keys to the Kingdom or Devil’s Playground? The Impact of Institutionalised Religion on the Perception and Use of Leisure

Abstract Through the analysis of historical documentation, including holy books, sermons and civil legislation, this paper examines the ways that organised religion, particularly Judaism, Christianity and Islam, seeks to impose constraints on acceptable leisure behaviour. The paper concludes that world religions continue to influence and restrict leisure behavior in positive and negative ways. This is particularly true where religious organisations, either deliberately or unwittingly, support communal visions as dictated by civil authorities. In contemporary secular societies, however, the goals of institutionalized religion and the state may be mutually exclusive. It is therefore argued that theorists andpractitioners should acknowledge the diversity of religious expression within their various communities.
ACUTE KIDNEY INJURY FOLLOWING PRIMARY PERCUTANEOUS CORONARY INTERVENTIONS FOR ST-SEGMENT ELEVATION MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION: TRENDS IN THE PAST FIFTEEN YEARS

Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a frequent complication after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPCI) following ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In the period between 2000-2015, we evaluated the rates, correlates, and trends of AKI from a large single-center registry of
Fostering Computational Creativity through Computing in the Arts: A Community of Educators (Abstract Only)

Do you teach or are you interested in teaching digital media? Do you work in a digital media degree program or department? This BOF will explore different ways of merging computer science and the arts. We invite you to apply to attend our creative, collaborative Computing in the Arts community of CS educators this summer at our NSF-funded faculty workshop. Additionally, we want to learn what you teach in digital media, and how your program is structured. Is it part of Computer Science, Art, Mass Communications, New Media, or something else? High schools in many states require no computing education beyond studying office suite software. However, these same students are experienced and enthusiastic digital media users. Computing in the Arts degree programs can harness this interest and experience, facilitating both critical and creative thinking. Computing theory and practice can be applied in art and, at the same time, be informed by artistic concepts and methods. Moreover, art theory and practice can be enriched by computational methods and techniques.
Ranibizumab (Lucentis) versus Bevacizumab (Avastin) for the Treatment of Age-Related Macular Degeneration: An Economic Disparity of Eye Health

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the elderly, and the advent of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor agents (VEGF) has revolutionized treatment for neovascular AMD. Two of the most popular anti-VEGF agents, ranibizumab (Lucentis; Genentech/Roche) and bevacizumab (Avastin; Genentech/Roche), effectively treat neovascular AMD but have a substantial difference in price. Multiple level 1 trials have demonstrated that bevacizumab is noninferior to ranibizumab in the treatment of neovascular AMD and that both have similar safety profiles. The decision to use one drug over the other is multifactorial with influences from industry as well as individual physician biases. However, the additional billions spent on ranibizumab result in a large economic disparity that is not rationalized by cost effectiveness models.
Drug-Resistant Malaria in Children and in Travelers

Malaria remains a significant cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. Drug resistance in Plasmodium falciparum has become widespread in the past 30 years, and in some parts of the world multidrug resistance is common. Chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium vivax has recently been recognized in Indonesia. The mechanisms of drug resistance have been defined for the antifolate antimalarial agents but remain incompletely understood for the quinolines. Judicious use of antimalarial compounds will be essential to prevent the emergence and spread of further drug resistance. The history, geographic distribution, and mechanisms of drug resistance are reviewed, together with current recommendations regarding prophylaxis and therapy.
Morphologic Basis of Airflow Obstruction

In contrast to other types of obstructive airway disease, in which the pathologic abnormalities observed at postmortem examination can be readily related to the functional derangement in vivo, such a relationship is difficult to establish in bronchial asthma for at least two reasons. First, bronchial asthma is by definition episodic and some of the morphologic changes associated with the functional abnormalities may follow the same dynamic pattern, and hence not be present at autopsy. Second, endoscopic or bronchographic studies that attempt to demonstrate structure-function relationships have been rarely carried out because of the morbidity associated with these procedures in patients with bronchial asthma. Until recently, most morphologic examinations have therefore been made in patients who died in or from status asthmaticus. It was assumed that the pathologic changes in patients with stable asthma or nonfatal exacerbations of asthma differ only quantitatively from those seen in status asthmaticus. The standardization of fiberoptic bronchoscopy techniques, and the realization that this procedure can be carried out relatively safely in patients with bronchial asthma, has given rise to a large number of studies that have generated important new morphologic information in stable asthma and asthma in remission. These studies suggest that fatal asthma is indeed only quantitatively different from nonfatal asthma. However, bronchoscopic methods do not lend themselves to the investigation of structure-function relationships.
TASeT: Improving the Efficiency of Electric Taxis With Transfer-Allowed Rideshare

We consider a promising application for electric taxis (eTaxis) in transportation cyberphysical systems. The new rideshare scheme introduced herein takes into consideration both the limited battery of eTaxis and the user requirements. In the proposed eTaxi-sharing system, a passenger may share a taxi with others to enjoy a reduced fare and can potentially transfer from one eTaxi to another before reaching her destination, as long as her total trip time is within the maximum she specifies to be tolerable. Transfers are restricted to only take place at the designated (safe and convenient) battery charging stations scattered around the city. When an eTaxi comes to a charging station to pick up/drop off a transfer passenger, the eTaxi's battery can be charged. In this paper, we address a new optimization problem called Transfer-Allowed Shared eTaxis (TASeT), whose goal is to schedule an eTaxis service and find optimal rideshare and transfer plans to maximize the system throughput in terms of the number of passengers served by the taxi service within a given time period. A mixed-integer programming (MIP) formulation is presented to solve TASeT, along with an efficient greedy heuristic. Aside from large-scale simulation, we also present a case study that utilizes real taxi traces collected from the city of Shanghai, China. Compared with the nontransferable taxi-sharing (NTT) case, our solution could improve the number of served passengers and shared travel distance by 22% and 37%, respectively, during rush hours.
Fine structural changes in theDrosophila oocyte nucleus during a short period of RNA synthesis : An autoradiographic and ultrastructural study of RNA synthesis in the oocyte nucleus ofDrosophila.

H3-uridine was injected into the abdomen ofD. melanogaster andD. immigrans and after 10, 30, 60 and 120 min of incorporation, the ovaries were prepared for autoradiography. The oocyte nucleus was found to synthesize RNA during a short period of vitellogenesis (stage 10A). Ultrastructural studies of the oocyte nucleus were made at the stage active in RNA synthesis and many electron-dense structures were found to appear at this time. Since none of these structures resembled nucleoli in fine structure, it is suggested that the RNA synthesized is non-ribosomal. Other ultrastructural modifications of the oooyte nucleus are presented and discussed.
Bat distribution and hibernacula use in west central Nevada

We captured 299 individuals of 11 bat species in mist-nets at 18 water sources in west central Nevada from June through August 1994. Myotis ciliolubrum, Pipistrellus hesperus, M. californicus , and Corynorhinus townsendii were the most common species captured. These species are apparently broadly distributed throughout west central Nevada, occurring in a variety of habitat types. We captured Euderma maculatum at 2 localities. These represent the 1st known records of this species in Esmeralda County, Nevada. Mine adits were surveyed for hibernating bats from December 1994 through February 1995. We determined the presence of 3 hibernating species: C. townsendii, M. ciliolabrum and P. hesperus . Bats were present in 19 of 70 mines (27%) we surveyed at elevations ranging from 1500 m to 2460 m. C. townsendii was the most common species encountered. Our study provides some much-needed baseline data on bat distribution and use of mines for hibernacula in west central Nevada.
Self-Disclosure and Perceived Trustworthiness of Airbnb Host Profiles

Online peer-to-peer platforms like Airbnb allow hosts to list a property (e.g. a house, or a room) for short-term rentals. In this work, we examine how hosts describe themselves on their Airbnb profile pages. We use a mixed-methods study to develop a categorization of the topics that hosts self-disclose in their profile descriptions, and show that these topics differ depending on the type of guest engagement expected. We also examine the perceived trustworthiness of profiles using topic-coded profiles from 1,200 hosts, showing that longer self-descriptions are perceived to be more trustworthy. Further, we show that there are common strategies (a mix of topics) hosts use in self-disclosure, and that these strategies cause differences in perceived trustworthiness scores. Finally, we show that the perceived trustworthiness score is a significant predictor of host choice--especially for shorter profiles that show more variation. The results are consistent with uncertainty reduction theory, reflect on the assertions of signaling theory, and have important design implications for sharing economy platforms, especially those facilitating online-to-offline social exchange.
Dietary Docosahexaenoic Acid and trans -10, cis -12-Conjugated Linoleic Acid Differentially Alter Oxylipin Profiles in Mouse Periuterine Adipose Tissue

Diets containing high n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) decrease inflammation and the incidence of chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease while trans-fatty acids (TFA) intake increases the incidence of these conditions. Some health benefits of n-3 PUFA are mediated through the impact of their oxygenated metabolites, i.e. oxylipins. The TFA, trans-10, cis-12-conjugated linoleic acid (CLA; 18:2n-6) is associated with adipose tissue (AT) inflammation, oxidative stress, and wasting. We examined the impact of a 4-week feeding of 0, 0.5, and 1.5% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; 22:6n-3) in the presence and absence of 0.5% CLA on AT oxylipin profiles in female C57BL/6N mice. Esterified oxylipins in AT derived from linoleic acid (LNA), alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), arachidonic acid (ARA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHA, and putative from CLA were quantified. CLA containing diets reduced AT mass by ~62%. Compared with the control diet, the DHA diet elevated concentrations of EPA-and DHA-derived alcohols and epoxides and LNA-derived alcohols, reduced ARA-derived alcohols, ketones, epoxides, and 6-keto-prostaglandin (PG) F1α (P < 0.05), and had mixed effects on ALA-derived alcohols. Dietary CLA lowered EPA-, DHA-, and ALA-derived epoxides, ARA-derived ketones and epoxides, and ALA-derived alcohols. While dietary CLA induced variable effects in EPA-, DHA-, and LNA-derived alcohols and LNA-derived ketones, it elevated ARA-derived alcohols and PGF1α, PGF2α, and F2-isoprostanes. DHA counteracted CLA-induced effects in 67, 57, 43, and 29% of total DHA-, ARA-, EPA-, and ALA-derived oxylipins, respectively. Thus, CLA elevated proinflammatory oxylipins while DHA increased anti-inflammatory oxylipins and diminished concentration of CLA-induced pro-inflammatory oxylipins in AT.
Quantification of radiation dose reduction by reducing z-axis coverage in 320-detector coronary CT angiography.

Objective:To quantify the radiation dose reduction achievable by minimizing z-axis coverage in 320-detector coronary CT angiography (CCTA).Methods:We retrospectively reviewed 130 CCTAs performed on 320-detector CT that offers up to 16 cm z-axis coverage (adjustable in 2-cm increments), allowing complete coverage of the heart in a single gantry rotation. For each CT, we obtained the radiation dose [CT dose index and dose–length product (DLP)], measured the z-axis field of view and measured the craniocaudal cardiac size (distance from the left main coronary artery to the cardiac apex). We calculated the radiation dose savings achievable by reducing the z-axis coverage to the minimum necessary to cover the heart using 320 × 0.5-mm (maximum 16 cm) and 256 × 0.5-mm (maximum 12.8 cm) detector collimations.Results:Results are expressed as mean ± standard deviation. The mean craniocaudal cardiac size was 10.5 ± 1.0 cm, with 85% (n = 112) of CCTAs performed with 16 cm of z-axis coverage. The mean DLP was 417.6 ± 1...
E-selectin-mediated rolling facilitates pancreatic cancer cell adhesion to hyaluronic acid

Tumor cell extravasation is a multistep process preceded by cell rolling and arrest on the vessel wall via the formation of specific receptor-ligand bonds. The strength, availability, and number of receptor-ligand bonds regulate the rate by which tumor cells tether, roll, and adhere to vascular walls. Although the mechanics of selectin-mediated rolling have been extensively studied, little is known regarding how tumor cell rolling on selectins facilitates adhesion to a distinct substrate-bound protein with different kinetic properties. By using multicomponent protein patterning and a microfluidic system, we evaluated how E-selectin-dependent rolling modulates hyaluronic acid (HA) adhesion as a function of fluid shear, contact time, and the spacing between E-selectin and HA regions patterned on the substrate. We show that tumor cells rolling on E-selectin were ∼40-fold more likely to bind to HA than nonrolling cells in shear flow. Furthermore, E-selectin-dependent rolling promotes adhesion to HA by both physically slowing cells and enabling them to position proximal to the surface, thereby increasing the on rate of adhesion. A better understanding of tumor cell adhesion under physiologic shear would lead to the development of new diagnostic assays and pave the way to clinical approaches aimed ultimately to halt metastasis.-Shea, D. J., Li, Y. W., Stebe, K. J., Konstantopoulos, K. E-selectin-mediated rolling facilitates pancreatic cancer cell adhesion to hyaluronic acid.
Projected Changes in the Arctic Frontal Zone and Summer Arctic Cyclone Activity in the CESM Large Ensemble

AbstractThe Arctic frontal zone (AFZ) is a narrow band of strong horizontal temperature gradients that develops along the Arctic Ocean coastline each summer in response to differential heating of the atmosphere over adjacent land and ocean surfaces. Past research has linked baroclinicity within the AFZ to summer Arctic cyclone development, especially by intensifying storms that migrate northward from the Eurasian continent. This study uses the Community Earth System Model Large Ensemble in conjunction with an advanced cyclone detection and tracking algorithm to assess how the AFZ, summer Arctic cyclone activity, and the relationship between them respond to warming under the representative concentration pathway 8.5 (RCP8.5) scenario. Under this strong warming scenario, the AFZ remains a significant cyclone intensifier. Changes to the AFZ are largely restricted to June, when earlier snowmelt leads to strengthening of land–ocean temperature contrasts. This strengthening is accompanied by enhanced cyclogenesi...
Effective uric acid reduction with probenecid and febuxostat in a patient with chronic kidney disease.

A 33-year-old male with poorly controlled chronic tophaceous gout and chronic kidney disease (CKD) with estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of 37 cc/min. His uric acid was 11 mg/dL despite maximal dosing of febuxostat. He had previously failed pegloticase infusions as well. This patient had a reduction in his uric acid level to less than 6 mg/dL following addition of probenecid to his febuxostat regimen. Most guidelines recommend against utilisation of probenecid therapy in patients with GFR
Source of the Fitness Defect in Rifamycin-Resistant Mycobacterium tuberculosis RNA Polymerase and the Mechanism of Compensation by Mutations in the β' Subunit

Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a critical threat to human health due to the increased prevalence of rifampin resistance (RMPr). Fitness defects have been observed in RMPr mutants with amino acid substitutions in the β subunit of RNA polymerase (RNAP). In clinical isolates, this fitness defect can be ameliorated by the presence of secondary mutations in the double-psi β-barrel (DPBB) domain of the β' subunit of RNAP. To identify factors contributing to the fitness defects observed in vivo, several in vitro RNA transcription assays were utilized to probe initiation, elongation, termination, and 3'-RNA hydrolysis with the wild-type and RMPrM. tuberculosis RNAPs. We found that the less prevalent RMPr mutants exhibit significantly poorer termination efficiencies relative to the wild type, an important factor for proper gene expression. We also found that several mechanistic aspects of transcription of the RMPr mutant RNAPs are impacted relative to the wild type. For the clinically most prevalent mutant, the βS450L mutant, these defects are mitigated by the presence of secondary/compensatory mutations in the DPBB domain of the β' subunit.
Organic constituents of cruds in Cu solvent extraction circuits.: II. Photochemical and acid hydrolytic reactions of alkaryl hydroxyoxime reagents

Abstract Two reagents—5-dodecylsalicylaldoxime (DSAO) and 2-hydroxy-5-nonyl-acetophenone oxime (HNAPO)—used in the commercial solvent extraction of copper ions from ore-leach solutions were subjected to UV photolysis. The products were examined by thin layer chromatograph (TLC) and UV-visible and infrared (IR) spectroscopy for comparison with compounds previously identified in interfacial `crud' found in copper solvent extraction. Similar analyses were made for products of the reaction of the same reagents with concentrated sulfuric acid. Photolysis with a UV lamp gave complete degradation of the reagents within 12 h. Copper complexes of the reagents were virtually unchanged after 30 h exposure to the UV lamp. Products included polymers which retained carbonyl functions, but not the hydroxyl function. Additional oily and crystalline products precipitated from the heptane solutions; these low solubility products exhibited aliphatic carboxylic acid functions, similar to the unidentified polar compounds found in `crud'. TLC analyses of the photolysis solutions on silica gel gave large immobile fractions, which was also similar to some `crud' organics. Photolysis products were responsible for marked decreases in the interfacial tensions between heptane solutions of the reagents and water. Products from reaction of the reagents with concentrated sulfuric acid had also lost the hydroxyl function. These products were also immobile in TLC analysis. Neither the photolysis nor the acid hydrolysis reactions gave the expected benzisoxazoles or benzoxazoles as major products.
Set-Valued Optimization and Economics

The concluding chapter of the book is devoted to applications of advanced constructions and techniques of variational analysis to economic modeling.
Enhancing Theory and Methodology in the International Study of Positive Youth Development: A Commentary.

Enacting good science in pursuing the international study of positive youth development (PYD) requires using sound developmental theory to formulate questions that are tested through employing rigorous, change-sensitive measures, designs, and data analyses that are aimed at describing, explaining, or optimizing thriving among the diverse youth of the majority world. We discuss the usefulness of theoretical models derived from relational developmental systems metatheory in framing such science, and we describe innovations in methodology that enable the specific pathways of development of majority-world youth to be understood and enhanced. Literature review and theoretical commentary. We make recommendations for creating progress in the ways that the international study of PYD may contribute to policies and programs promoting lives of personal thriving and social contributions among the diverse youth of our world. Advances in the international study of PYD rest upon the use of non-reductionist, dynamic, relational theories of human development in the conceptualization of research and upon the use of change-sensitive measures, research designs, and data analysis procedures in the studies derived from such theoretical conceptualizations.
Coming of Age: Innovation Districts and the Role of Law Schools

New urban models, dubbed “innovation districts” are gaining traction in entrepreneurial-focused areas across the United States. This article begins by defining what innovation districts are. It then examines the potential role that law schools, together with technology transfer offices, can play as innovation cultivators within such districts. Specifically, it looks at three potential models that law schools can consider when contemplating a relationship with the technology transfer office within a university. Integrating a clinic and technology transfer office within an innovation district does not come without its challenges, however. Accordingly, this article will suggest ways for transactional law clinics to overcome such obstacles and establish a robust relationship with technology transfer offices. The collaboration between these two innovation cultivators, in turn, will benefit not only the law schools and technology transfer offices, but the innovation districts as well. Ultimately, transactional law clinics and technology transfer offices can play a significant role by providing technical and legal know-how to innovation districts.
Synthesis, Structure, and Properties of Compounds in the NaHSO4−CsHSO4 System. 1. Crystal Structures of Cs2Na(HSO4)3 and CsNa2(HSO4)3

Exploratory synthesis in the NaHSO4−CsHSO4 system, aimed at discovering novel proton conducting solids, resulted in the new compounds CsNa2(HSO4)3 and Cs2Na(HSO4)3. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction (performed at room temperature) revealed CsNa2(HSO4)3 to crystallize in the cubic space group P213 with lattice parameters a = 10.568(2) A and Z = 4, whereas Cs2Na(HSO4)3, studied by both single-crystal neutron and X-ray methods, crystallizes in the hexagonal space group P63/m. The latter compound has lattice parameters a = 8.5712(17) and c = 9.980(2) A, and Z = 2. The unit cell volumes are 1180.4(4) and 634.9(2) A3, respectively, giving calculated densities of 2.645 and 3.304 mg m-3. Refinement using all observed reflections yielded a weighted residual, Rw(F2), of 0.0515 based on F2 X-ray values for CsNa2(HSO4)3. For Cs2Na(HSO4)3 the analogous X-ray and neutron values were 0.0483 and 0.1715, respectively. Both structures contain a single, crystallographically distinct, asymmetric hydrogen bond (as confirmed by...
The Development and Application of Ferrography to the Study of Diesel Engine Wear

Ferrographic oil analysis of wear measurement is compared with both the radioactive tracer method and spectroscopic oil analysis, and is described in depth. Metallic wear debris is magnetically separated from a lubricant sample, systematically arranged according to size on a glass substrate, and examined by either a scanning electron microscope or transmission electron microscope. Ferrography is easily adaptable to either laboratory or field analysis. Its disadvantage is that it cannot detect the soluble portion of wear which is often due to corrosion. The technique is described in detail. Test data of the ferrographic oil analysis technique made with a direct injection, four-cycle, turbocharged diesel engine show that ferrography is sensitive enough to indicate changes in engine operating conditions. Data indicate operating time on engine oil for steady state engine operation to approach finite concentrations with time. Engine oil filtration is beneficial. Ferrography is shown to be the most versatile method of analyzing severe wear and detecting failure.
A Daily Hospital Progress Note that Increases Physician Usability of the Electronic Health Record by Facilitating a Problem-Oriented Approach to the Patient and Reducing Physician Clerical Burden

We suggest changes in the electronic health record (EHR) in hospitalized patients to increase EHR usability by optimizing the physician’s ability to approach the patient in a problem-oriented fashion and by reducing physician data entry and chart navigation. The framework for these changes is a Physician’s Daily Hospital Progress Note organized into 3 sections: Subjective, Objective, and a combined Assessment and Plan section, subdivided by problem titles. The EHR would consolidate information for each problem by: 1) juxtaposing to each problem title relevant medications, key durable results, and limitations; 2) entering in the running lists under Assessment and Plan the most relevant information for that day, including abbreviated versions of relevant reports; and 3) generating a flow sheet in a problem’s progress note for any key results tracked daily. To reduce physician EHR navigation, the EHR would place in the Objective section abbreviated versions of notes of other physicians, nurses, and allied health professionals as well as recent orders. The physician would enter only the analysis and plan and new information not included in the EHR. The consolidation of information for each problem would facilitate physician communication at points of transition of care including generation of a problem-oriented discharge summary.
Addressing Behavioral Symptoms of Dementia Through STAR-VA Implementation: Do Outcomes Vary by Behavior Type?:

Objectives:The STAR-VA program in Veterans Health Administration Community Living Centers (CLCs, nursing home settings) trains teams to implement a psychosocial intervention with residents with beh...
Short Note About Geophysical Data Analysis

The processing of geophysical data generally involves improvement of the signal, by filtering out induced noise, and removal of artefacts created during data collection, which could otherwise be interpreted as a hidden structure of forensic interest. As will underline in the book—for a broad understanding—the analysis of geophysical data and its interpretation require a good level of knowledge of basic mathematics. For this reason, this chapter will provide some basic concepts that could help in geophysical data analysis. The here used approach is an attempt to enables readers to approach to the data analysis without going into the intricacies of mathematics. However, it is important to underline that the success of data processing largely depends on the quality of the acquired data. If the quality of acquired data is very low, processing might not be able to improve it sufficiently for the interpretation and their use to help the investigators. Unsatisfactory quality of raw data implies to consider the repetition of the survey.
Editorial Commentary: Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Is Important Part of Future Clinical Research

The Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) is more efficient than legacy measures and is generalizable across all patients and diseases. Patient-reported outcome scores may eventually become related to physician reimbursement and give patients a voice in their care.
Lived Experiences of Asian and Latinx Online Doctoral Students

Over the past two decades, Asian and Hispanic immigrants who have been living in the United States for ≥ 10 years has increased substantially. Yet, Asian and Latinx students are behind Caucasians i...
Dopamine Receptor Antagonists, Radiation, and Cholesterol Biosynthesis in Mouse Models of Glioblastoma.

BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is the deadliest brain tumor in adults, and the standard of care consists of surgery followed by radiation and treatment with temozolomide. Overall survival times for patients suffering from glioblastoma are unacceptably low indicating an unmet need for novel treatment options. METHODS Using patient-derived HK-157, HK-308, HK-374, and HK-382 glioblastoma lines, the GL261 orthotopic mouse models of glioblastoma, and HK-374 patient-derived orthotopic xenografts, we tested the effect of radiation and the dopamine receptor antagonist quetiapine on glioblastoma self-renewal in vitro and survival in vivo. A possible resistance mechanism was investigated using RNA-sequencing. The blood-brain-barrier-penetrating statin atorvastatin was used to overcome this resistance mechanism. All statistical tests were 2-sided. RESULTS Treatment of glioma cells with the dopamine receptor antagonist quetiapine reduced glioma cell self-renewal in vitro, and combined treatment of mice with quetiapine and radiation prolonged the survival of glioma-bearing mice. The combined treatment induced the expression of genes involved in cholesterol biosynthesis. This rendered GL261 and HK-374 orthotopic tumors vulnerable to simultaneous treatment with atorvastatin and further statistically significantly prolonged the survival of C57BL/6 (n = 10 to 16 mice per group; median survival not reached; log-rank test, P < .001) and NOD Scid gamma mice (n = 8 to 21 mice per group; hazard ratio = 3.96, 95% confidence interval = 0.29 to 12.40; log-rank test, P < .001), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate promising therapeutic efficacy with the triple combination of quetiapine, atorvastatin, and radiation treatment against glioblastoma without increasing the toxicity of radiation. With both drugs readily available for clinical use, our study could be rapidly translated into a clinical trial.
Who Goes to the Game? A Model of Organization-Public Relationships and Team Identification with Attitudes and Behavioral Intentions

This study presents a structured model to investigate whether sports fans’ team identification and organization-public relations (OPR) directly affect their attitudes toward their favorite teams or...
Safety and Liveness Guarantees through Reach-Avoid Reinforcement Learning

Reach-avoid optimal control problems, in which the system must reach certain goal conditions while staying clear of unacceptable failure modes, are central to safety and liveness assurance for autonomous robotic systems, but their exact solutions are intractable for complex dynamics and environments. Recent successes in the use of reinforcement learning methods to approximately solve optimal control problems with performance objectives make their application to certification problems attractive; however, the Lagrange-type objective (cumulative costs or rewards over time) used in reinforcement learning is not suitable to encode temporal logic requirements. Recent work has shown promise in extending the reinforcement learning machinery to safety-type problems, whose objective is not a sum but a minimum over time. In this work, we generalize the reinforcement learning formulation to handle all optimal control problems in the reach-avoid category. We derive a time-discounted reach-avoid Bellman backup with contraction mapping properties and prove that the resulting reach-avoid Q-learning algorithm converges under analogous conditions to the traditional Lagrange-type problem, yielding an arbitrarily tight conservative approximation to the reach-avoid set. We further demonstrate the use of this formulation with deep reinforcement learning methods, by treating their approximate solutions as untrusted oracles in a supervisory control framework. We evaluate our proposed framework on a range of nonlinear systems, validating the results against analytic and numerical solutions, and through Monte Carlo simulation in previously intractable problems. Our results open the door to a range of learning-based methods for safe-and-live autonomous behavior, with applications across robotics and automation.
Supporting Students' Computer Science Learning with a Game-based Learning Environment that Integrates a Use-Modify-Create Scaffolding Framework

Use-Modify-Create (UMC) has gained recognition as a viable scaffolding approach for student programming activities, but little is known about how UMC could support CS learning in game-based learning environments. We designed and developed a game to teach middle grade students (ages 11-13) CS through block-based programming challenges. The game integrates a UMC pedagogical framework to promote successful student outcomes for a wide variety of student abilities, including those without prior programming experience. Utilizing a mixed-methods research design, we investigated how the game influenced student learning of CS concepts and the role of UMC on the problem-solving strategies students applied to complete the game. In particular, we were interested in how prior experience would moderate these outcomes. Results from a multilevel model of students' pre-and post-assessment scores (N = 77) on a CS concepts assessment indicated that all students, regardless of prior programming experience, showed significant learning gains from pre to post after playing the game. Qualitative results revealed that the UMC scaffolding progression provided students, particularly those with little to no prior programming experience, with the foundational knowledge needed to progress through the game levels and challenges. Specifically, we found that the Use phases of the game reduced novice students' cognitive load and facilitated the necessary CS conceptual understanding to solve the open-ended programming tasks encountered in the game's Modify and Create phases. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of UMC to support the learning of novice programmers in a game-based learning environment while not to the detriment of those more experienced.
Post Silicon Validation of the MMU

I. Abstract Post silicon validation is a unique challenge in the design verification process. On one hand, it utilizes real silicon and is therefore able to cover a larger state-space. On the other, it suffers from debugging challenges due to a lack of observability into the design. These challenges dictate distinctive design choices, such as the simplicity of validation tools and a built-for-debugging software design methodology. The Memory Management Unit (MMU) is central to any design that uses virtual-memory, and creates complex verification challenges, especially in many-core designs. We propose a novel method for post silicon validation of the MMU that brings together previously undescribed techniques, based on several papers and patents. This method was implemented in Threadmill, a bare metal exerciser and was used in the verification of high-end industry-level POWER and ARM SoCs. It succeeded in increasing RTL coverage, hitting several hidden bugs, and saving hundreds of work-hours in the validation process.
Critical, Interdisciplinary, And Collaborative Approaches To Virtual Community-Engaged Learning During The Covid-19 Pandemic And Social Unrest In The Twin Cities

A women’s university in Minnesota responding to the COVID-19 pandemic and social unrest in the Twin Cities provides a setting to explore ways in which critical, interdisciplinary, and collaborative campus approaches to virtual community-engaged courses and research bring focus to student learning and broaden the scope of collective university impact on urgent and emerging community issues. Three campus community engagement initiatives focusing on racial housing segregation, voting rights, and incarcerated women show the interplay and cumulative impact of curricular, cocurricular, and campuswide responses to systemic injustice. Drawing on interviews with faculty members, student evaluations, and community partner reflections, the author reflects on what can be learned from the adaptations represented in these three community-engaged initiatives during a time of crisis with critical and collective community and campus response.
Hume's Noble Lie: An Account of His Artificial Virtues

Hume scholars have been anxious to point out that when Hume calls justice, chastity and so on artificial virtues, he is in no way denying that they are real virtues.1 I shall argue that they are mistaken, and that anyone who wants to understand Hume's account of justice and his category of artificial virtues must take seriously his choice of the word 'artifice/ recognizing that it means not only 'Skill in designing and employing expedients/ but also 'address, cunning, trickery/2 My suggestion will seem strange given Hume's own repeated plea that we not take the term 'artifice' too seriously.3 Yet while it is generally
A Microcomputer-Based On-Vehicle Data Acquisition System

A microcomputer-based, multichannel data acquisition system has been developed to acquire high frequency transient information typified by, but not limited to, automotive vehicle crash test applications. The system, which has been designed to be mounted on the test vehicle during a vehicle crash, will accommodate up to 240 channels. The paper describes the design, development, and data processing characteristics of the prototype system.
Superplasticity in metals and ceramics

Preface 1. Introduction 2. Key historical contributions 3. Types of superplasticity 4. Mechanisms of high-temperature deformation and phenomenological relations for fine-structure superplasticity 5. Fine-structure superplastic metals 6. Fine-structure superplastic ceramics 7. Fine-structure superplastic intermetallics 8. Fine-structure superplastic composites and laminates 9. High-strain-rate superplasticity 10. Ductility and fracture in superplastic materials 11. Internal-stress superplasticity (ISS) 12. Other possible superplasticity mechanisms 13. Enhanced powder consolidation through superplastic flow 14. Superplastic forming and diffusion bonding 15. Commercial examples of superplastic products Index.