cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Modeling Low Velocity Impact Response of Carbon Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Laminates (CARALL)

Fiber metal laminates (FMLs) have shown great potential in lightweight aerospace applications. Carbon fiber reinforced aluminum laminates (CARALL) is a lightweight system that has received less attention than aramid reinforced aluminum laminates. These FMLs have adhesively bonded layered plies. We have developed CARALL without the use of adhesives. The epoxy resin from the carbon fiber epoxy is used to adhesively bond the aluminum layers. In this study, CARALL laminates having a 3/2 configuration, with Aluminum 5052-H32 as the outer layer were prepared using a vacuum press without using any adhesive film. Primary failure modes observed were cracks in non-impacted aluminum layer, carbon fiber (CFRP) layer fracture and delamination between aluminum and CFRP layers. Finite element modeling was used to predict low velocity impact response of these FMLs by considering Chang–Chang damage criteria for CFRP layers and nonlinear elasto-plasticity along with progressive damage mechanics for aluminum layers. Delamination was modeled by using traction separation law and damage criterion proposed by Benzeggagh–Kenane was used for interface damage evolution. The damage size of CARALL FMLs was characterized using C-scan equipment and compared with the finite element predictions. Numerical simulation was used to predict load–displacement histories, delamination area, absorbed energy, damage morphologies on impacted and non-impacted sides and tensile failures of CFRP layers for impact event at three different energy levels. Predicted impact behavior results match well with experimental results. The threshold impact energy, energy at which perforation failure was induced in all metallic and fiber reinforced layers for these CARRAL laminates was found to be around 31 J.
Matrix rigidity differentially regulates invadopodia activity through ROCK1 and ROCK2

ROCK activity increases due to ECM rigidity in the tumor microenvironment and promotes a malignant phenotype via actomyosin contractility. Invasive migration is facilitated by actin-rich adhesive protrusions known as invadopodia that degrade the ECM. Invadopodia activity is dependent on matrix rigidity and contractile forces suggesting that mechanical factors may regulate these subcellular structures through ROCK-dependent actomyosin contractility. However, emerging evidence indicates that the ROCK1 and ROCK2 isoforms perform different functions in cells suggesting that alternative mechanisms may potentially regulate rigidity-dependent invadopodia activity. In this study, we found that matrix rigidity drives ROCK signaling in cancer cells but that ROCK1 and ROCK2 differentially regulate invadopodia activity through separate signaling pathways via contractile (NM II) and non-contractile (LIMK) mechanisms. These data suggest that the mechanical rigidity of the tumor microenvironment may drive ROCK signaling through distinct pathways to enhance the invasive migration required for cancer progression and metastasis.
Recognition and Justice

Paul Ricœur devoted much of his last ten years to studies and analyses of justice and recognition. This paper will trace the indelible bonds between justice and recognition and claim that recognition is a necessary condition for justice and that justice is the telos or goal of recognition. I begin this paper with a review of the multiple meanings of recognition in the two famous French dictionaries, the Littre (1859-1872) and the Le Grand Robert (1985). In his book, The Course of Recognition (2005), Ricoeur groups recognition under three headings, recognition as a form of knowledge or cognition (epistemological), self-recognition, and recognition of the other on the social and judicial level. The complexities of the meanings of “to recognize” and “recognition” are important in their roles in the realm of justice. I include in the concept of justice, the judiciary, both civil and criminal; distributive justice; and, social and political justice. For each one of these, there are multiple meanings of recognition that are important to understanding their foundation and their scope. There are meanings of recognition that are relevant to other aspects of social justice as the recognition of marginal, oppressed, devalued, groups as deserving of being treated as equals. The structure of my paper is to go through the various meanings and categories of meanings of “to recognize” and “recognition.” I give an account of each of the types of justice and show how various kinds of recognition are relevant to each kind of justice.
Arylgold(I) complexes from base-assisted transmetalation: structures, NMR properties, and density-functional theory calculations.

The synthesis of gold(I) complexes of the type LAuR (L = PCy3, IPr; R = aryl; IPr = 1,3-bis(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)imidazol-2-ylidene) starting from LAuX (X = Br, OAc) and boronic acids in the presence of Cs2CO3 has been investigated. The reactions proceed smoothly in good to excellent yields over the course of 24–48 h in isopropyl alcohol at 50–55 °C. The aryl groups include a variety of functionalities and steric bulk, and in two cases, are heterocyclic. All of the products have been characterized by multinuclear NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis and most by X-ray crystallography. This work affirms that, almost without exception, base-assisted auration is a useful and reliable way to form gold–carbon bonds.
Thermoelectric transport properties of molybdenum from ab initio simulations

We employ $\mathit{ab}\phantom{\rule{0.28em}{0ex}}\mathit{initio}$ simulations based on density functional theory (DFT) to calculate the electronic transport coefficients (electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, and thermopower) of molybdenum over a broad range of thermodynamic states. By comparing to available experimental data, we show that DFT is able to describe the desired transport properties of this refractory metal with high accuracy. Most noteworthy, both the positive sign and the quantitative values of the thermopower of solid molybdenum are reproduced very well. We calculate the electrical and thermal conductivity in the solid and the fluid phase between 1000 and 20 000 K and a wide span in density and develop empirical fit formulas for direct use in practical applications, such as magneto-hydrodynamics simulations. The influence of thermal expansion in conductivity measurements at constant pressure is also discussed in some detail.
Embodied Queries for Robot Task Learning

Personal robots are intended to assist people in their daily lives; therefore, it is important for them to efficiently learn how to accomplish tasks delineated by their human partners, in the environment in which they are situated. Toward that end however, it is arguably even more important to enable these robots to characterize their own uncertainty as they attempt to generalize task-specific knowledge learned and equip them with a domain-independent framework for asking the appropriate questions of their human partners to resolve the uncertainty. The work presented in this extended abstract is a high level overview of current and future work that we are developing in this domain, using learning from demonstration and active robot learning.
Mitotic Activity of the Circulating Heniocytes of the Large Milkweed Bug, Oncopeltus fasciatus

Hourly counts of mitotically dividing hemocytes in groups of fifth-instar Oncopeltus fasciatus (Dallas) were made for each of the 8 days spent in the stadium by the species. Mitotic activity varied greatly, sometimes even groups of the same age, but a fairly distinct intrastadial pattern was found. The activity was very low during most of the first postmolt clay, began to rise at about the 23rd postmolt hour, reached its peak (4.06%) in the 30-hour group, remained relatively high until about the 74th hour, then steadily declined during the remainder of the stadium.
A tool for safely treating chronic pain.

The article explains how one family practice uses a "medication use agreement" to prevent medication misuse while helping patients who suffer from chronic pain.
Genetic Modification of Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes to Express Cytokine Receptors

Adoptive transfer of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TIL) or antigen-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) is safe and can be effective in cancer patients. Achievement of clinical responses in these patients is associated with the in vivo expansion and persistence of the transferred T lymphocytes. For this reason, recombinant human interleukin-2 (IL-2) is frequently used to support the in vivo survival of T lymphocytes infused into patients. However, IL-2 also causes important side effects. Thus, alternative strategies are highly demanded to limit cytokine-related off-target effects and to redirect the responsiveness of specific T-cell subsets to selected cytokines. Interleukin-7 (IL-7) is a promising alternative cytokine as it possesses the above mentioned properties. However, because its receptor is downregulated in ex vivo-expanded T cells, methods are required to restore their responsiveness to this homeostatic cytokine. In this chapter, we describe the methodology to obtain the ectopic expression of IL-7 receptor alpha (IL-7Rα) in antigen-specific CTL, using Epstein-Barr virus-specific CTL (EBV-CTL), as a model.
LOCATION AND THE DEVELOPMENT OF ENERGY SUPPLIES FROM BIOMASS SOURCES

A Thunen land use model exploits well-known characteristics of biomass energy sources and development. A model is developed which determines the competitive location of a large-scale production facility devoted to biomass feedstock reduction and conversion to an alcohol fuel. It takes account of on-plantation feedstock assembly costs, delivery of processed fuel to sales point and competition from other land uses, while permitting land costs to be determined endogenously. Higher densities of feedstock cultivation are more profitable farther from final markets for the fuel. Larger plantations have higher feedstock costs; hiqher transport rates on converted fuel lower feedstock costs.
Association of the Host Immune Response with Protection Using a Live Attenuated African Swine Fever Virus Model

African swine fever (ASF) is a lethal hemorrhagic disease of swine caused by a double-stranded DNA virus, ASF virus (ASFV). There is no vaccine to prevent the disease and current control measures are limited to culling and restricting animal movement. Swine infected with attenuated strains are protected against challenge with a homologous virulent virus, but there is limited knowledge of the host immune mechanisms generating that protection. Swine infected with Pretoriuskop/96/4 (Pret4) virus develop a fatal severe disease, while a derivative strain lacking virulence-associated gene 9GL (Pret4Δ9GL virus) is completely attenuated. Swine infected with Pret4Δ9GL virus and challenged with the virulent parental virus at 7, 10, 14, 21, and 28 days post infection (dpi) showed a progressive acquisition of protection (from 40% at 7 dpi to 80% at 21 and 28 dpi). This animal model was used to associate the presence of host immune response (ASFV-specific antibody and interferon (IFN)-γ responses, or specific cytokine profiles) and protection against challenge. With the exception of ASFV-specific antibodies in survivors challenged at 21 and 28 dpi, no association between the parameters assessed and protection could be established. These results, encompassing data from 65 immunized swine, underscore the complexity of the system under study, suggesting that protection relies on the concurrence of different host immune mechanisms.
Tomographic reconstruction of time-bin-entangled qudits

We describe an experimental implementation to generate and measure high-dimensional time-bin-entangled qudits. Two-photon time-bin entanglement is generated via spontaneous four-wave mixing in single-mode fiber. Unbalanced Mach-Zehnder interferometers transform selected time bins to polarization entanglement, allowing standard polarization-projective measurements to be used for complete quantum state tomographic reconstruction. Here we generate maximally entangled qubits $(d=2)$, qutrits $(d=3)$, and ququarts $(d=4)$, as well as other phase-modulated nonmaximally entangled qubits and qutrits. We reconstruct and verify all generated states using maximum-likelihood estimation tomography.
Originalism, Natural Born Citizens, and the 1790 Naturalization Act: A Reply to Saul Cornell

In his essay The 1790 Naturalization Act and the Original Meaning of the Natural Born Citizen Clause: A Short Primer on Historical Method and the Limits of Originalism (2016 Wisconsin Law Revew Forward 92), Professor Saul Cornell uses the debate over the Constitution’s natural born citizen clause to illustrate what he regards as the shortcomings of originalist methodology. He makes three main points: (1) that historians’ methodology is different from and superior to the approach of originalist legal scholars; (2) that originalist scholars have reached an erroneously broad reading of the 1790 Naturalization Act; and (3) that, as a result, originalist scholars have misread the natural born citizen clause. I believe each of these points is mistaken. This response addresses them in turn.
Clinical Evaluation and Management of Radiation Fibrosis Syndrome

Radiation fibrosis syndrome describes the multiple neuromuscular, musculoskeletal, visceral, and other late effects that result from radiation-induced fibrosis. Radiation can damage the spinal cord, nerve roots, plexus, local peripheral nerves, and muscles within the radiation field. This constellation is known as a "myelo-radiculo-plexo-neuro-myopathy" and can result in pain, sensory loss, weakness, and other signs and symptoms. Although there is no curative treatment for radiation damage, supportive management of symptoms can be helpful in restoring and maintaining function and quality of life.
Social support for physical activity: Comparison of family, friends, and coworkers.

BACKGROUND Few studies have examined the associations among family, friend, and coworker social support for physical activity. It is important to know the sources of social support that facilitate and promote physical activity among fulltime working adults. OBJECTIVE We analyzed the associations among family, friend, and coworker social support for physical activity and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity among participants in a worksite study. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional analysis of baseline data from 144 participants from four worksites in a large, southwestern city in the United States. The intervention for the worksite study was Booster Breaks (a physical activity routine of 15 minutes) practiced daily to break-up prolonged sitting time. Descriptive statistics and multiple linear regressions were conducted using SPSS version 20. RESULTS Age was inversely associated (p = 0.001), and social support from friends (p = 0.04) and coworkers (p = 0.003) were positively associated with physical activity in the unadjusted model. After controlling for all the covariates (age, sex, marital status, BMI, education, and income) in the model, only coworker social support was positively (p = 0.027) associated with physical activity among participants in the workplace study. CONCLUSIONS Coworker social support is an important correlate of physical activity and should be incorporated in workplace health promotion programs.
The Folding Mechanism and Kinetics of the Domains of α-Spectrin: Results from a Variational Model

Although the three domains of α-spectrin (R15, R16, and R17) are highly homologous, experiments reveal striking differences in their folding mechanism and kinetics. In particular, the R15 domain's folding rate is measured to be three orders of magnitude greater than the other two domains, with R17 being the slowest. Higher folding barriers as well as increased internal friction due to landscape ruggedness are proposed to be responsible for the diversity of folding rates. In this work, we show that a simple analytic model is able to capture subtleties in the folding mechanism of α-spectrin domains despite their structural similarities. Using a simple model for internal friction based on variance in native contact energies, the model also gives folding kinetics that qualitatively agree with experimental rates. The model predicts that R16 and R17 have higher folding barriers and increased internal friction within the transition state ensemble compared to R15. While the model captures the correct range of folding rates for the domains of α-spectrin, the degree that internal friction influences folding kinetics of each domain may be sensitive to molecular detail beyond the level of approximation in this simple model.
The 'Influence Peddler' Revisited: A Look at the Evolution of the U.S. Covenant against Contingent Fees in the Procurement Marketplace

This article highlights key aspects of a long-standing contractual covenant in the Federal Acquisition Regulation (“FAR”) that prohibits Government contractors from engaging a person or agency to solicit or obtain a Government contract in exchange for a contingent fee. FAR 52.203-5. This article examines the covenant as a way to further inform recent discussions in the legal and business communities regarding third-party risks and the role of intermediaries and agents in the procurement marketplace. Indeed, companies seeking to enter the U.S. procurement market should take note of both the scope and purpose of this long-standing covenant, which aims to protect the Government against improper influences by scrutinizing and limiting the use of a specific type of agreement — the hiring of an intermediary on a contingent basis to obtain or retain Government business. In essence, the prohibition restricts “how the contract between the parties may be structured in an effort to prevent corrupt practices.” CapitalKeys, LLC v. Ciber, Inc., 875 F. Supp. 2d 59, 65 (D.D.C. 2012). At the same time, the covenant has long attempted to distinguish the influence peddler from genuine intermediaries who can, and often do, provide legitimate services and benefits to potential contractors. Accordingly, the covenant contains an exception that allows contractors to engage “bona fide employee[s] or agenc[ies]” on a contingent basis. FAR 52.203-5 (b). This exception reflects a policy judgment that an outright ban on contingent arrangements would encroach too heavily on common commercial trade practices.
Design of Low Voltage Power Line Carrier Communication System Simulation

Noise power line channel is the largest low-voltage power line interference sources, it is not a simple additive white Gaussian noise, but a time-varying noise, and with different environments and change, which is mainly the work of each of the grid kinds of electrical equipment generates, including instant asynchronous impulse noise such as background noise switching power supply or generation of amateur radio and frequency synchronization with the grid and grid-cycle pulse noise generated by the equipment.
IL-17A-producing neutrophil-regulatory Tn lymphocytes

The proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A, mainly produced by specialized T cells, plays an important homeostatic role in regulating neutrophil production and blood neutrophil counts. This review will assemble and discuss the evidence for this function of IL-17A-producing cells, which are collectively called neutrophil-regulatory T cells or Tn cells. IL-17A-producing lymphocytes are most abundant in the mesenteric lymph node, where they account for 0.15% of all lymphocytes. About 60% of the Tn cells are γδ T cells, about 25% NKT-like cells, and less than 15% are CD4 T cells. These latter cells are also known as T-17 or ThIL-17 cells, a subset of Tn cells that also plays an important role in autoimmune diseases. IL-17A produced by Tn cells regulates the production of G-CSF, which in turn promotes the proliferation of promyelocytes and maturation of neutrophils. This homeostatic mechanism plays an important role in normal physiology and in host defense against bacterial infections. This review is aimed at highlighting the important role of IL-17A-producing T cells at the interface between the adaptive and innate immune system.
Vergence Eye Movements

When we shift our gaze from a far object to a near object, our eyes converge, the lenses of our eyes modify their focus (accommodate), and our pupils often constrict. These three combined responses are termed the near triad. This article first reviews the geometrical aspects of changing gaze in depth and how, in natural environments, convergence and accommodation demands co-vary. A schematic of the two systems and how this co-variance is reflected in neural cross-links is then introduced. The final section reports our current anatomical and functional knowledge of the systems involved in the near triad and their interconnections.
Balkanization of South Africa: poverty or revolt

An examination of the nine Bantustans which are slated for independence in South Africa supports the contention that they will remain underdeveloped. As satellite states their only viable resource is labour and nothing else.
Structural Requirements of Ribopolymers for Induction of Human Interferon: Evidence for Interferon Subunits

Is the double helix necessary to trigger the signal for production of human interferon (IF)? How rapid is the triggering event? How do polybasic enhancers work ? What is the nature of the end product of this reaction IF? Specifically, is the high MW product induced by artificial genomes structurally related to the lower MW, viral-induced, protein? Mechanisms of enhancement and structure of the IF protein will be emphasized in this report.
Molecular Biology of the Neural and Muscle Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors

Most theories of nervous system function depend heavily on the existence and properties of the synapse. For this reason, this structure has been a focal point for neuroscience research for many decades. The best understood synapse is the neuromuscular junction because of its accessibility to biochemical and electrophysiological techniques and because of its elegant, well-defined structure. The nicotinic acetylcholine (ACh) receptor found in the postsynaptic membrane binds ACh released from the nerve. The binding of ACh results in a conformational change in the receptor that opens a channel permeable to cations. The resulting ion flux depolarizes the muscle and ultimately leads to muscle contraction. Thus the ACh receptor contains both a ligand-binding domain as well as a channel domain. Biological and structural studies have shown that the muscle nicotinic ACh receptor is a glycoprotein made up of five subunits with the stoichiometry α2βγδ; each of these subunits has a molecular weight between 40,000 and 60,000, and is encoded by a separate gene. This complex has been shown in reconstitution experiments to be a functional receptor containing both a ligand-binding site and a ligand-gated channel (for recent reviews, see Conti-Tronconi and Raftery, 1982; Popot and Changeux, 1984; Stroud and Finer-Moore, 1985; Karlin et al., 1986; McCarthy et al.,1986).
Examining the Quality of Statistical Mathematics Education Research.

This "Research Commentary" addresses the quality of statistical research in mathematics education. To do so, we analyze 10 years oi Journal for Research in Mathematics Education (JRME) articles based on criteria suggested by the American Educational Research Association, American Psychological Association, and National Council for Measurement in Education (AERA, APA, & NCME, 1 999); the National Research Council (Shavelson & Towne, 2002); and the American Statistical Association (ASA, 2007). We find the majority oi JRME articles lacking in one or more respects, and we highlight criteria ior JRME authors, reviewers, and editors.
Mixed language queries in online searches: A study of intra-sentential code-switching from a qualitative perspective

With the increasing number of online multilingual resources, cross-language information retrieval (CLIR) has drawn much attention from the information retrieval (IR) research community. However, few studies have examined how and why multilingual searchers seek information in two or more languages, specifically how they switch and mix language in queries to get satisfying results. The purpose of this paper is to focus on Chinese–English bilinguals’ intra-sentential code-switching behaviors in online searches. The scenarios and reasons of code-switching, factors that may affect code-switching, the patterns of mixed language query formulation and reformulation and how current IR systems and other search tools can facilitate such information needs were examined.,In-depth semi-structured interviews were used as the research method. In total, 30 participants were recruited based on their English proficiency, location and profession, using a purposive sampling method.,Four scenarios and four reasons for using Chinese–English mixed language queries to cover information needs were identified, and results suggest that linguistic and cultural/social factors are of equivalent importance in code-switching behaviors. English terms and Chinese terms in queries play different roles in searches, and mixed language queries are irreplaceable by either single language queries or other search facilitating features. Findings also suggest current search engines and tools need greater emphasis in the user interface and more user education is required.,This study presents a qualitative analysis of bilinguals’ code-switching behaviors in online searches. Findings are expected to advance the theoretical understanding of bilingual users’ search strategies and interactions with IR systems, and provide insights for designing more effective IR systems and tools to discover multilingual online resources, including cross-language controlled vocabularies, personalized CLIR tools and mixed language query assistants.
Developing Understandings Over Time and Across Contexts

This chapter describes important elements of the longitudinal case study approach used in this book, including the selection and definition of cases, attention to depth and complexity, use of breadth to connect macro/meso/micro contexts, and the incorporation of an ethnographic perspective. Data collection procedures are described, with attention to changes that occurred over the course of the study. This is followed by a description of data analysis, which includes discussion of the theoretical foundations and methodological implications of the longitudinal interactional histories approach (LIHA) developed and used for this study. Finally, the approach to selecting turning points and literacy events to illustrate each young person’s language and literacy journey is presented. The Methodological Appendix complements discussions of data collection and analysis provided in this chapter.
Predation of Anasa tristis (Hemiptera: Coreidae) by Geocoris punctipes (Hemiptera: Geocoridae)

Thesquash bug, Anasa tristis (DeGeer), is an indigenous pest of squash, Cucurbita pepo L., and other cucurbits. Geocoris punctipes (Say) adults were collected from stands of mixed grasses in Spalding County, GA, held without food for 24 h, and presented A. tristis eggs, first instars, or second instars in no-choice tests. Consumption of first and second instars was significantly greater by females than by males. Egg consumption was very low with no difference between males and females (P > 0.05). Male G. punctipes consumed a range of 0 to 3 first-instar squash bugs, 0 to 6 second-instar squash bugs, and 0 eggs during the 72-h exposure. Females consumed a range of 0 to 10 first-instar squash bugs, 0 to 10 second-instar squash bugs, and a range of 0 to 1 eggs. Male G. punctipes consumed on average 1.08 ± 0.24 first-instar squash bugs, 1.68 ± 0.41 second-instar squash bugs, and 0 eggs during the 72-h exposure. Females consumed on average 4.12 ± 0.56 first-instar squash bugs, 4.28 ± 0.56 second-instar squash bugs, and 0.12 ± 0.06 eggs. Background mortality for first and second instars was similar and exceeded that for eggs in control, male, and female trials. Previous research demonstrated seasonal overlap in squash bug nymphs and G. punctipes occurrence. These data suggest that G. punctipes can contribute to the suppression of early-season squash bug populations.
Effect of Damping Modeling and Characteristics on Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Multi-Frame Bridges

Rayleigh damping is a common method used to model energy dissipation in bridges, but improper damping modeling can develop spurious damping forces and lead to inaccurate results for dynamic analysi...
Invariants and Canonical Forms for Meromorphic Second Order Differential Equations

Abstract Given a differential equation x″+a(z)x′+b(z)x=O, where a(z) and b(z) are analytic functions in a neighborhood of ∞ (generally an irregular singular point of the solutions), a complete system of invariants is computed which characterizes the solutions at ∞ to within linear combinations of meromorphic functions. A “classical” differential equation having these same invariants can be named and a transformation from the given equation to this classical one can be contructed. Thus the solutions of the given equation can be effectively calculated in terms of certain classical functions and computable meromorphic functions.
Optimal Participation of Water Desalination Plants in Electricity Demand Response and Regulation Markets

As freshwater resources progressively decline, desalination capacities around the world are projected to increase. However, high electricity consumption costs hinder the broader development of desalination plants. A promising solution to offset a portion of these costs is to enable water distribution system operators (W-DSOs) to offer the flexibility of their water desalination plants in electricity markets. This article proposes a model to integrate the available flexibility of water desalination plants in W-DSOs operation and optimize their participation in electricity demand response (DR) and frequency regulation markets. The proposed model co-optimizes the operation of desalination plants with variable speed pumps and water storage tanks in order to optimally allocate the available WDS flexibility between the day-ahead energy and frequency regulation markets. The proposed model takes into account the hydraulic operating constraints of the WDS, thus ensuring the delivery of DR and regulation services in the markets while supplying the water demand at the desired pressure. In addition, the proposed model considers the unavailability of freshwater resources when providing flexibility services to the grid, thus enabling W-DSOs to balance their profits against water shortages. The numerical studies, conducted on a test 15-node water network, show that the proposed model effectively utilizes the operational flexibility of desalination plants to offer DR and regulation services in the markets, considering the hydraulic constraints of the WDS, freshwater availability conditions, and desalination plants’ freshwater recovery rates.
Modulation of the Visible Absorption and Reflection Profiles of ITO Nanocrystal Thin Films by Plasmon Excitation

Heavily doped metal oxide nanocrystals (NCs) possess tunable infrared localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) that give them utility for several potential applications, including photothermal ...
Alumni e-Networks: Using Technology to Engage Net Generation Alumni.

If I want to find my college or study abroad classmates, what do I do? I don't call them or write them letters. I log into my email, type their names (not their email addresses—the technology does that for me) into the address line of a [blank] email message and send it off. Usually it's less than four lines, and often it includes a smiley : somewhere in the message. Does this mean I have less meaningful, in-depth conversation with my friends than if I wrote them a letter or called them? Maybe. But it means that I keep in touch with friends I would have long lost were it not for the ease of communication. And I'm not even a member of the millenium generation. (Peterson and Roberts 2006, ¶1)
MEPHESTO: Modeling Energy-Performance in Heterogeneous SoCs and Their Trade-Offs

Integrated shared memory heterogeneous architectures are pervasive because they satisfy the diverse needs of mobile, autonomous, and edge computing platforms. Although specialized processing units (PUs) that share a unified system memory improve performance and energy efficiency by reducing data movement, they also increase contention for this memory since the PUs interact with each other. Prior work has investigated performance degradation due to memory contention, but few have studied the relationship of power and energy to memory contention. Moreover, a comprehensive solution that models memory contention for kernel placement on contemporary heterogeneous systems on chip (SoCs) in response to energy and performance has been largely unaddressed. This paper presents MEPHESTO, a novel and holistic approach for managing this balance. The authors characterize applications and PUs in terms of two memory contention factors - time factors and power factors - to achieve the desired trade-off between energy and performance for collocated kernel execution on heterogeneous systems. The authors believe that this investigation is the first to combine all of these factors and present a simple knob-based approach that expresses the target trade-off. The approach is evaluated on a diverse integrated shared memory heterogeneous system with a CPU, GPU, and programmable vision accelerator. By using an empirical model for memory contention that provides up to 92% accuracy, the kernel collocation approach can provide a near-optimal ordering and placement based on the user-defined, energy-performance trade-off parameter. Moreover, the dynamic programming-based heuristics provide up to 30% better energy or 20% performance benefits when compared with the greedy approaches commonly employed by previous studies.
“I Did It to Save My Children”: Parenting Strengths and Fears of Women Exposed to Intimate Partner Violence:

Intimate partner violence (IPV) is experienced by one in four women in the United States, and a wealth of quantitative research has underscored its detrimental effects on women’s mental health and ...
A Model of Auditing Under Bright-Line Accounting Standards

This paper models auditors' preferences for bright-line financial reporting standards. Bright-line standards are unambiguous, requiring no judgment in their application. We characterize bright-line...
Abstract P628: Long-Term Risk of Ischemic Stroke Among Survivors of Non-Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Background and Purpose: Non-traumatic subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is associated with poor long-term functional outcomes, but the risk of ischemic stroke among SAH survivors is poorly understood. ...
Functional alterations in cortical processing of speech in glioma-infiltrated cortex

Recent developments in the biology of malignant gliomas have demonstrated that glioma cells interact with neurons through both paracrine signaling and electrochemical synapses. Glioma-neuron interactions consequently modulate the excitability of local neuronal circuits, and it is unclear the extent to which glioma-infiltrated cortex can meaningfully participate in neural computations. For example, gliomas may result in a local disorganization of activity that impedes the transient synchronization of neural oscillations. Alternatively, glioma-infiltrated cortex may retain the ability to engage in synchronized activity, in a manner similar to normal-appearing cortex, but exhibit other altered spatiotemporal patterns of activity with subsequent impact on cognitive processing. Here, we use subdural electrocorticography to sample both normal-appearing and glioma-infiltrated cortex during speech. We find that glioma-infiltrated cortex engages in synchronous activity during task performance in a manner similar to normal-appearing cortex, but recruits a diffuse spatial network. On a temporal scale, we show that glioma-infiltrated cortex has lower capacity for information encoding when performing nuanced tasks such as speech production of monosyllabic versus polysyllabic words. As a result, temporal decoding strategies for distinguishing monosyllabic from polysyllabic words were feasible for signals arising from normal-appearing cortex, but not from glioma-infiltrated cortex. These findings inform our understanding of cognitive processing in chronic disease states and have implications for neuromodulation and prosthetics in patients with malignant gliomas.
Politics and the Tortured Question of Dignity: Maintaining the Separation of Powers in Times of Emergency

The alien torture plaintiff faces a litany of barriers to entry to United States courts. This Comment focuses on just one of the obstacles faced by the torture plaintiff: the political question doctrine (PQD). This doctrine — according to which the judicial voice box falls silent with respect to questions of politics — is a corollary of the judiciary’s authority to say what the law is: The judiciary is denied the power to say what the law is when doing so would violate the separation of powers, either by usurping the power of some political branch or by straying beyond the judicial comfort zone of principled adjudication. Thus, where PQD applies, United States federal courts have no jurisdiction. This Comment frames its discussion of PQD by reference to the impact of the doctrine on the litigation of two disputes, each involving many opinions: Salim v. Mitchell, and Al Shimari v. CACI Premier Technology, Inc. Although PQD was not the foremost issue in either litigation, each reveals problems in PQD jurisprudence that can undermine the rule of law. Seeking better to understand and explain PQD and its particular relation to the question of whether some treatment of alien detainees constitutes torture, this Comment proceeds as follows. Section II provides an overview of the steps involved in PQD analysis, along with the features of the torture standard necessary to apply this doctrine in the context of litigation under the Alien Tort Statute. Next, Section III begins by highlighting the inadequacies of the PQD analyses in both Al Shimari and Salim, then undertakes a fresh political question analysis of the models of treatment in those cases, and finally considers core features of PQD so as to aid in the equitable construction of that doctrine. Ultimately, Section IV concludes that PQD, properly applied, cannot render non-justiciable the question of whether treatment like that in Al Shimari or Salim constitutes torture.
Quantification and reduction of Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise induced errors in ellipsometry

Ellipsometry is an important metrology tool in a plethora of industries. The measurement accuracy can be significantly affected by the existence of Poisson-Gaussian mixed noise. This paper quantifies the induced error on normalized Mueller matrix measurements through statistical analysis. A method is then proposed to mitigate the effects of Poisson-Gaussian noise in spectroscopic ellipsometry signal demodulation, based on maximum likelihood estimation. The noise is characterized through experiments on an in-house setup. The improved performance of dimension reconstruction from the proposed method is demonstrated through simulations.
On Model Space Sampling in ADMIRE for Image Quality and Computational Efficiency

Image quality and computational efficiency of the aperture domain model image reconstruction (ADMIRE) method is dependent on the specific model used. This makes it important for users to understand how various model design considerations could have significant impacts on image processing. In this work, we consider how undersampling, randomization of physical locations, and dimensionality reduction with independent component analysis (ICA) can be used to improve runtime. Specifically, we observed that undersampling resulted in a trade-off between contrast and efficiency, random sampling led to improved CNR, and ICA generally showed improved contrast and computation time.
Automated load management for spacecraft power systems

An account is given of the results of a study undertaken by NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center to design and implement the load management techniques for autonomous spacecraft power systems, such as the Autonomously Managed Power System Test Facility. Attention is given to four load-management criteria, which encompass power bus balancing on multichannel power systems, energy balancing in such systems, power quality matching of loads to buses, and contingency load shedding/adding. Full implementation of these criteria calls for the addition of a second power channel.
Clinical Diagnosis of Myocarditis

The clinical manifestations of myocarditis are highly varied and cannot establish a diagnosis with certainty.1 Clinicians have increasingly relied upon right ventricular endomyocardial biopsy for histologic confirmation of suspected inflammatory heart disease. Mason et al. were among the first to demonstrate evidence of myocardial inflammation using right ventricular endomyocardial biopsies in patients with presumed idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.2 Although the endomyocardial biopsy has become "the gold standard", histologic criteria used for establishing the diagnosis of myocarditis have varied considerably. Edwards et al. reported that the presence of more than 5 lymphocyteslhpf was sufficient to diagnose active myocarditis.3 Tazelaar et al., however, cautioned against the use of a focal infiltrate alone in diagnosing myocarditis since isolated lymphocyte aggregations may also be seen in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.4 In order to provide more uniform diagnostic criteria, a panel of cardiac pathologists developed a disease classification known as the "Dallas criteria" that defined myocarditis as a process characterized by an inflammatory infiltrate of the myocardium with necrosis and/or degeneration of adjacent myocytes, not typically seen in ischemic injury.5 The inflammatory infiltrate is typically lymphocytic but may also include eosinophilic, neutrophilic, granulomatous, or mixed cellularity. The amount of inflammation and its distribution may be mild, moderate, or severe and focal, confluent, or diffuse, respectively.5 Some clinicians feel that this definition is too narrow and have proposed a clinicopathologic classification which includes both histologic and clinical features (table I).,6 Despite its clinical appeal, this it has not been widely accepted.
Minimal non-simple and minimal non-cosimple sets in binary images on cell complexes

The concepts of weak component and simple 1 are generalizations, to binary images on the n-cells of n-dimensional cell complexes, of the standard concepts of “26-component” and “26-simple” 1 in binary images on the 3-cells of a 3D cubical complex; the concepts of strong component and cosimple 1 are generalizations of the concepts of “6-component” and “6-simple” 1 Over the past 20 years, the problems of determining just which sets of 1's can be minimal non-simple, just which sets can be minimal non-cosimple, and just which sets can be minimal non-simple (minimal non-cosimple) without being a weak (strong) foreground component have been solved for the 2D cubical and hexagonal, 3D cubical and face-centered-cubical, and 4D cubical complexes This paper solves these problems in much greater generality, for a very large class of cell complexes of dimension ≤4.
Predicting Subsequent Management Forecasting Behavior at the Date of an Initial Public Offering

In this study, we examine the conditions and choices of firms at dates of initial public offerings (IPOs) as a basis for predicting their likelihood of management earnings forecast disclosure in post-IPO periods. Using a sample of 944 IPOs, we demonstrate that firms choosing to reduce IPO information asymmetries or signal issue quality by choosing prestigious underwriters, high quality auditors, and higher percentages of retained ownership tend to issue management forecasts in the post-IPO period. These relationships exist after controlling for IPO date measures of risk/stability, a construct that prior management forecast research has found to be a key determinant of the forecasting act.
Augmentation of Early Intensity Forecasting in Tropical Cyclones

Abstract : Our principal objective is to develop an objective and automatic intensity estimator of Tropical Cyclones (TCs) based on satellite infrared (IR) imagery. The proposed methodology analyzes the TC s structure to estimate their intensity, which will be available every 30 minutes (or depending on image acquisition availability) for the Atlantic, Eastern North Pacific and Western North Pacific basins. We are investigating the underlying atmospheric dynamics by using mesoscale modeling and comparing the modeled storms to the measured signatures.
Hypereosinophilic syndromes and new therapeutic approaches including anti-IL-5

Eosinophilia syndromes are heterogenous disorders possessing different clinical manifestations characterized by peripheral blood eosinophilia and end organ damage. Treatment includes glucocorticoids, hydroxyurea (hydroxycarbamide), chemotherapy and interferon-α. Recently, an explanation for the eosinophilia has been found in many patients who would previously have been regarded as having an idiopathic hypereosinophilic syndrome. Such cases have fallen into myeloproliferative and lymphoid categories with some cases remaining unexplained. A subgroup of patients with the myeloproliferative variant carry the new gene rearrangement FIP1L1-PDGFRA, which produces a constitutively active tyrosine kinase often responsive to antityrosine kinase therapy with imatinib mesylate. A newly developed drug currently being tested in clinical trials is the humanized monoclonal antibody against human interleukin-5. Interleukin-5 positively regulates eosinophil growth, activation, survival and tissue recruitment. As such, anti...
Synthesis and purification of hydrophobic peptides for use in biomimetic ion channels

Abstract The synthesis and subsequent purification of several hydrophobic peptides is described. These peptides include the 24-residue M3 transmembrane domain of the rat connexin 32 protein, a peptide sequence that contains only seven amino acids with hydrophilic side-chains (71% hydrophobic). Moreover, for comparison, a much smaller hydrophobic octapeptide, designed to exist with α-helical secondary structure, was also studied. Optimum conditions for the RP-HPLC purification of these peptides was dependent on peptide length and solubility properties.
Influence of dietary fat source on hepatic lipogenesis in the fasted-refed chick (Gallus domesticus).

Abstract 1. 1. Chicks were fasted for 2 days and then refed a fat-free, a tripalmitin or a safflower oil containing diet for 5 days. 2. 2. Addition of safflower oil to the diet significantly depressed in vitro hepatic fatty acid synthesis and lipogenic enzyme activity. 3. 3. Tripalmitin was much less effective than safflower oil in depressing hepatic fatty acid synthesis. 4. 4. Both tripalmitin and safflower oil increased the rate of hepatic cholesterol synthesis. 5. 5. Since less than half of the dietary tripalmitin was absorbed, this may have been a major factor in the reduced response of the chick to this dietary lipid.
Expression of A-type PDGF receptor in cytoplasm of tumor cell lines synthesizing PDGF

Two tumor cell lines, WM 266-4 melanoma and SW 707 colorectal carcinoma, both of which synthesize platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) but do not express cell surface PDGF receptor, were tested for the presence of intracytoplasmic PDGF receptor. Using a novel method of intracytoplasmic (newly synthesized), receptor precipitation by the growth factor, we identified a 125,000 molecular weight protein crosslinked with 125I-labeled PDGF in a 140,000 molecular weight complex. In vitro translation of the corresponding mRNA revealed a 125,000 molecular weight product which presumably represents the A-type PDGF receptor. Exogenous PDGF was found to activate synthesis of RNA and cell proliferation.