cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A mechanic with a bad valve: blood-culture-negative endocarditis

A 33-year-old man with a known bicuspid aortic valve presented with fever, chills, progressive fatigue, anorexia, and night sweats. Echocardiography confirmed aortic-valve endocarditis, but blood cultures remained negative. Bartonella henselae endocarditis was ultimately confirmed by serology as well as by immunohistochemistry and PCR testing of the excised valve. The patient recovered with appropriate antibiotic therapy. B henselae is a common cause of culture-negative endocarditis. It predominantly affects men with underlying valvular disease, and has a predilection for aortic valves. Diagnosis is usually made serologically and with either tissue culture, immunohistochemistry, or PCR. Treatment of this destructive endocarditis consists of a combination of long-term antibiotic therapy and surgical valve repair. This case is used to discuss the approach towards the treatment of patients with endocarditis that is blood-culture negative.
Approximation of potential-driven flow dynamics in large-scale self-similar tree networks

Dynamic analysis of large-scale flow networks is made difficult by the large system of differential-algebraic equations resulting from its modelling. To simplify analysis, the mathematical model must be sufficiently reduced in complexity. For self-similar tree networks, this reduction can be made using the network’s structure in way that can allow simple, analytical solutions. For very large, but finite, networks, analytical solutions are more difficult to obtain. In the infinite limit, however, analysis is sometimes greatly simplified. It is shown that approximating large finite networks as infinite not only simplifies the analysis, but also provides an excellent approximate solution.
Berber Culture on the World Stage: From Village to Video

Berber Culture on the World Stage: From Village to Video. Jane E. Goodman. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 2006. xii. 239 pp.
NUTRITION THERAPY FOR THE CANCER PATIENT

Malnutrition commonly occurs in cancer and adversely affects the quality of life and survival of patients. It is caused by a variety of factors, including decreased food intake, adverse effects from anticancer treatment, and wasteful metabolic processes. Over the past 2 decades, there have been major advances in methods and techniques of feeding patients with cancer and other disease. Special diets can be helpful in the treatment of a variety of conditions, some of which are outlined in Table 1. Enteral feeding is developing rapidly because endoscopic techniques have made it simpler to place feeding tubes, and a variety of enteral feeding solutions are commercially available. Enteral feeding is an effective way to deliver nutrients when patients are unable to ingest food because of neurologic disorders or structural abnormalities in the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the oropharynx, esophagus, and stomach. The role of enteral feeding as an adjuvant to anticancer therapy has not been fully evaluated. Parenteral nutrition is an effective method of delivering nutrients into the blood stream. It has proved to be life-saving for patients with chronic severe gastrointestinal insufficiency (such as short bowel or radiation enteritis), whose cancer is cured or nonprogressive. Numerous studies have assessed the role of TPN as an adjuvant therapy. To date, a clear benefit from its routine use has been demonstrated only in very limited, specific situations. As an adjuvant to chemotherapy, TPN does not seem to be useful, unless there are prolonged periods of gastrointestinal toxicity (as in the case with bone marrow transplantation) that severely limit oral intake and absorption. Malnourished surgical patients undergoing specific major operations for cancer may benefit from perioperative TPN. TPN as an adjunct therapy in the treatment of the cancer patient has to be individually evaluated and appropriately applied in situations in which it has proven beneficial in randomized studies.
The Virtual Museum of Minerals and Molecules: Molecular visualization in a virtual hands-on museum

The Virtual Museum of Minerals and Molecules (VMMM) is a web-based resource presenting interactive, 3-D, research-grade molecular models of more than 150 minerals and molecules of interest to chemical, earth, plant, and environmental sciences. User interactivity with the 3-D display allows models to be rotated, zoomed, and specific regions of interest to be highlighted. The VMMM has been online since 1998 and currently serves 100 000 to 250 000 unique visitors annually from two mirror sites. In concept, it is a blend of a static bricks-and-mortar physical museum with wings, galleries, and displays with dynamic 3-D first-person video games. This museum is virtual not only in the sense that it exists in electronic format but also because the molecular size of the objects makes them colorless and imperceptibly small. To date, molecular visualization has been enabled in browsers using a proprietary third-party plug-in; compatibility with diverse platforms and browsers has been reduced over past years and recourse to open-source, molecular visualization Java applets may be required to avoid technological obsolescence.
Phytochemicals and antioxidant capacities in rice brans of different color.

Abstract: Rice bran, a byproduct of the rice milling process, contains most of the phytochemicals. This study aimed at determining the concentrations of lipophilic, solvent-extractable (free), and cell wall-bound (bound) phytochemicals and their antioxidant capacities from brans of white, light brown, brown, purple, and red colors, and broccoli and blueberry for comparison. The concentrations of lipophilic antioxidants of vitamin E (tocopherol and tocotrienols) and γ-oryzanols were 319.67 to 443.73 and 3861.93 to 5911.12 μg/g bran dry weight (DW), respectively, and were not associated with bran color. The total phenolic, total flavonoid, and antioxidant capacities of ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging, and iron-chelating in the free fraction were correlated with the intensity of bran color, while variations of these in the bound fraction were less than those in the free fraction among brans. Compounds in the bound fraction had higher antioxidant capacity of ORAC than DPPH, relative to those in the free fraction. The bound fraction of light-color brans contributed as much to its total ORAC as the free fraction. Total proanthocyanidin concentration was the highest in red rice bran, while total anthocyanin was highest in purple brans. The predominant anthocyanin was cyanidin-3-glucoside. Red and purple brans had several fold higher total phenolics and flavonoids as well as ORAC and DPPH, from both free and bound fractions, than freeze-dried blueberry and broccoli. These results indicate that rice brans are natural sources of hydrophilic and lipophilic phytochemicals for use in quality control of various food systems as well as for nutraceutical and functional food application.
Abandonment and engulfment: A bimodal classification of anxiety in domestic violence perpetrators

Multiple conceptualizations of male perpetrated domestic violence have been proposed over the last half-century. The present paper highlights the generally implicit emphasis on the central role of abandonment that unites much of this literature, and the limitations of such a singular perspective are considered. Drawing on theoretical and empirical work both within and outside of the domestic violence literature, a complementary mode of anxiety concerned with the experience of loss of oneself opposed to loss of another is identified. It is suggested that a bimodal classification of anxiety in domestic violence perpetrators that considers abandonment and engulfment as complementary modes of anxiety might provide incremental clinical utility in framing IPV as functionally proximity seeking or intimacy titrating. Implications for future research and clinical practice are discussed. Language: en
Hybrid isolation systems for equipment protection

This paper presents a formulation for earthquake resistant design of optimum hybrid isolation systems for sensitive equipment protection. The hybrid system under consideration consists of laminated rubber bearings, viscodampers and a set of actuators which, grounded on the main structural system, deliver forces on the basement of the isolated substructure mounted on the main structural system. An integrated design procedure for the passive and active components of the isolation system is developed aiming at acceleration reduction under random excitation. Linear models are used for the isolated structure, the main structural system and the isolation system. Fractional derivative Maxwell elements are used to model the mechanical behaviour of the viscodampers. The active component of the isolation system applies forces proportional to the absolute velocity of the isolated piece of equipment. Constraints in the deformation capacity of the isolators as well as constraints in the capacity of the actuators are considered for the design of an optimal hybrid isolation system. Simple numerical examples are developed herein to illustrate the design procedure. The superiority of hybrid systems over passive systems in reducing acceleration response is demonstrated.
Bayesian Model Comparison and Backprop Nets

The Bayesian model comparison framework is reviewed, and the Bayesian Occam's razor is explained. This framework can be applied to feedforward networks, making possible (1) objective comparisons between solutions using alternative network architectures; (2) objective choice of magnitude and type of weight decay terms; (3) quantified estimates of the error bars on network parameters and on network output. The framework also generates a measure of the effective number of parameters determined by the data. The relationship of Bayesian model comparison to recent work on prediction of generalisation ability (Guyon et al., 1992, Moody, 1992) is discussed.
Different poses for ligand and chaperone in inhibitor-bound Hsp90 and GRP94: implications for paralog-specific drug design.

Abstract Hsp90 chaperones contain an N-terminal ATP binding site that has been effectively targeted by competitive inhibitors. Despite the myriad of inhibitors, none to date have been designed to bind specifically to just one of the four mammalian Hsp90 paralogs, which are cytoplasmic Hsp90α and β, endoplasmic reticulum GRP94, and mitochondrial Trap-1. Given that each of the Hsp90 paralogs is responsible for chaperoning a distinct set of client proteins, specific targeting of one Hsp90 paralog may result in higher efficacy and therapeutic control. Specific inhibitors may also help elucidate the biochemical roles of each Hsp90 paralog. Here, we present side-by-side comparisons of the structures of yeast Hsp90 and mammalian GRP94, bound to the pan-Hsp90 inhibitors geldanamycin (Gdm) and radamide. These structures reveal paralog-specific differences in the Hsp90 and GRP94 conformations in response to Gdm binding. We also report significant variation in the pose and disparate binding affinities for the Gdm–radicicol chimera radamide when bound to the two paralogs, which may be exploited in the design of paralog-specific inhibitors.
Scrubbing of gaseous nitrogen oxides in packed towers

Nitrogen oxide removal efficiencies of up to 97% were obtained in tests using columns packed with Intalox saddles. These studies were conducted at atmospheric pressure with water as the scrub solution and nitrogen oxide feed concentrations of up to 10%. A mathematical model based on mass-transfer, kinetic, and equilibrium data is presented; calculated removal efficiencies using this model agree very well with the experimental data.
Spectroscopy of the Ionizing Sources of UC HII Regions

The utility of near-infrared, spectroscopic studies of central ionizing sources of UC HII regions is presented, in conjunction with a recently available, sophisticated atmospheric code, to constrain the physical conditions and environment of very massive stars at extremely early stages of evolution.
Penetrating abdominal aortic ulcers: case reports and review of the literature

Atherosclerotic abdominal aortic ulcers are uncommon in contrast to those of the thoracic aorta. They present with a variety of symptoms. Computed tomography (CT) scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are the methods of diagnosis. Treatment is made easier with the use of endovascular techniques, which have less mortality and morbidity than open repair. In this paper, we present three cases of penetrating aortic ulcers presenting with abdominal pain. In two of those cases, the diagnosis was made by MRI and missed by CT scan. We present a review of the literature.
Choosing good distance metrics and local planners for probabilistic roadmap methods

This paper presents a comparative evaluation of different distance metrics and local planners within the context of probabilistic roadmap methods for planning the motion of rigid objects in three-dimensional workspaces. The study concentrates on cluttered three-dimensional workspaces typical of, for example, virtual prototyping applications such as maintainability studies in mechanical CAD designs. Our results include recommendations for selecting appropriate combinations of distance metrics and local planners for such applications. Our study of distance metrics shows that the importance of the translational distance increases relative to the rotational distance as the environment becomes more crowded. We find that each local planner makes some connections that none of the others does-indicating that better connected roadmaps will be constructed using multiple local planners. We propose a new local planning method we call rotate-at-s that often outperforms the common straight-line in C-space method in crowded environments.
Cryptorchid testis histopathology in myelomeningocele patients.

Abstract Purpose Cryptorchidism occurs in 25% of boys with myelomeningocele (MMC) compared to 3% of the general population. Testicular biopsy histopathology correlates with future sperm counts. We studied testicular histology in boys with cryptorchidism and MMC to investigate if the MMC influences histological findings. Materials and methods The study group consisted of six patients with MMC and undescended testis (UDT) who underwent orchiopexy and bilateral testis biopsy. Twelve testicular biopsies from six patients were compared to 40 biopsies from 20 UDT-only controls. Total germ cell count per tubule (TGC/T) and the percentage of adult dark spermatogonia (%Ad) in undescended and contralateral descended testes from the patients were compared with controls. Results In the study group, two had total absence of germ cells (TGC/T = 0) and three had severely reduced germ cells (TGC/T P = 0.09–0.29). Conclusion These results suggest that patients with both MMC and UDT have a more severe reduction in total number and more severely delayed maturation of germ cells than do patients with UDT alone. With only six patients in this study, there was not the power to detect statistical significance. In addition to the reproductive problems due to erection and ejaculatory dysfunction in patients with MMC, this severe testicular histopathology may increase the risk of subfertility.
Effects of various progesterone compounds on the normal preovulatory endometrium as compared with the endometrium in secondary amenorrhea.

The endometrial response in patients with amenorrhea of more than 12 months duration was investigated by a fundal histological examination as well as by body temperature graphs. 7 amenorrhea patients were treated with various types of progesterone and progesterone-like compounds after appropriate priming with estrogen and results compared with those of 17 normally-cycling menstruating infertility patients treated with the same hormones during the preovulatory stage. Endometrial biopsies body temperature patterns vaginal smears and cervical mucus studies were normal in the infertility patients. In patients with secondary amenorrhea withdrawal bleeding took place between Days 3 and 6 after discontinuation of progesterone treatment but they failed to show endometrial stage beyond Day 18 of a normal cycle. Biopsies showed extreme vacuolization of all glands; some cells had nuclei resting on the luminal margin while the rest were located nearer the lumen than the basement membrane; cells were cuboidal in shape; and large amounts of secretion were shown within the gland lumina. No true decidual response was observed. Results indicated that withdrawal bleeding and basal body temperatures should not be used as an index of clinical effectiveness of progesterone-like compounds. Only the capacity to produce normal endometrial patterns is significant. In secondary amenorrhea of long standing there is an inability to regenerate a normally fixed endometrium. This is considered due to atrophy of disuse with failure of the endometrial cells to utilize the circulating hormones.
Methodological questions in studying consonant acquisition

Consonant mastery is one of the most widely used metrics of typical phonological acquisition and of phonological disorder. Two fundamental methodological questions concerning research on consonant acquisition are (1) how to elicit a representative sample of productions and (2) how to analyse this sample once it has been collected. This paper address these two questions by reviewing relevant aspects of experience in evaluating word-initial consonant accuracy from transcriptions of isolated-word productions elicited from 2- and 3-year-olds learning four different first languages representing a telling range of consonant systems (English, Cantonese, Greek, Japanese). It is suggested that both researchers and clinicians should consider a number of different item-related factors, such as phonotactic probability and word length, when constructing word lists to elicit consonant productions from young children. This study also proposes that transcription should be
Fecal steroids and colorectal cancer

The fecal steroid profiles of healthy subjects were compared with those of colorectal cancer (CRC) patients. The multicomponent profiles did not differ qualitatively in that CRC patients, like control subjects, had similar fecal steroids. The major bile acids detected in fecal extracts were lithocholic acid (LCA) and deoxycholic acid (DCA). The major sterol of animal origin was cholesterol and its bacterial metabolite coprostanol, whereas the major plant sterols were beta-sitosterol, stigmasterol, campesterol, and their corresponding bacterial metabolites. CRC patients excreted higher amounts of total major bile acids (LCA and DCA) than did the control group, but this difference was not significant. However, the LCA-to-DCA ratio was much higher in the CRC group [(1.43, p less than 0.01) compared with the control group (0.72)]. The control group excreted significantly higher amounts of total neutral sterols (p less than 0.001), sterols of animal origin (p less than 0.001), and plant sterols (p less than 0.001) compared with the CRC group; the plant sterols represented a much lower proportion of excreted total neutral sterols in the CRC group (p greater than 0.001) compared with the control group. We propose the following hypotheses. The LCA-to-DCA ratio may be an important discriminant market for CRC susceptibility. The fecal LCA-to-DCA ratio may depend on the differential hepatic synthesis of their respective precursors chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and cholic acid. Hepatic synthesis of CDCA may be increased by more efficient conservation of dietary cholesterol because it has been shown that cholesterol of exogenous origin is the main precursor of this bile acid.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Neutral color concepts

Soulevant le paradoxe des proprietes de couleur communes aux sensations et aux objets et de la distinction representationnaliste et dispositionnelle etablie entre l'objectuel et le sensible dans les experiences de pensee, l'A. defend l'idee selon laquelle nous formulons des jugements intercategoriques sur la similitude des couleurs, mais que ceux-ci n'impliquent pas l'attribution de propriete de couleur intercategoriques. Developpant le concept de reconnaissance de la couleur neutre par identification avec les concepts de la qualite de l'espace, l'A. montre que ni le dispositionnalisme de Peacocke ou de Locke, ni le representationnalisme de McGinn ou McDowell ne satisfont la condition de transparence necessaire a l'experience, mais que la notion de couleur neutre permet de rendre compte des exigences phenomenologiques liees aux contextes de l'experience
A robust nonlinear tissue-component discrimination method for computational pathology

Advances in digital pathology, specifically imaging instrumentation and data management, have allowed for the development of computational pathology tools with the potential for better, faster, and cheaper diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of disease. Images of tissue sections frequently vary in color appearance across research laboratories and medical facilities because of differences in tissue fixation, staining protocols, and imaging instrumentation, leading to difficulty in the development of robust computational tools. To address this challenge, we propose a novel nonlinear tissue-component discrimination (NLTD) method to register automatically the color space of histopathology images and visualize individual tissue components, independent of color differences between images. Our results show that the NLTD method could effectively discriminate different tissue components from different types of tissues prepared at different institutions. Further, we demonstrate that NLTD can improve the accuracy of nuclear detection and segmentation algorithms, compared with using conventional color deconvolution methods, and can quantitatively analyze immunohistochemistry images. Together, the NLTD method is objective, robust, and effective, and can be easily implemented in the emerging field of computational pathology.
Basics of Charge Pump Circuit

This chapter discusses circuit theory of the charge pump circuit. Since it was invented, various types have been proposed. After several typical types of charge pumps are reviewed, they are compared in terms of the circuit area and the power efficiency. The type that Dickson proposed is found to be the best one as an on-chip generator where the parasitic capacitance is 1–10 % of the pump capacitor.
A cognitive behavioral intervention (HOBSCOTCH) improves quality of life and attention in epilepsy.

Abstract Objective Cognitive difficulties in epilepsy are common and add to disability beyond seizures alone. A self-management intervention targeting cognitive dysfunction was developed and assessed for whether it improves quality of life, objective memory, and mood in adults with epilepsy. Methods The HOme Based Self-management and COgnitive Training CHanges lives (HOBSCOTCH) program was developed to incorporate (1) psychoeducation, (2) self-awareness training, (3) compensatory strategies, and (4) application of these strategies in day-to-day life using problem solving therapy. Adults aged 18–65 years with epilepsy (n = 66) were randomized into 3 groups, to receive 8 weeks of HOBSCOTCH, with (H +) or without (H) additional working memory training on a commercial gaming device, or to a waitlisted control group. The primary outcome was quality of life (Quality of Life in Epilepsy scale, QOLIE-31) with secondary outcomes of objective cognition measured with the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) and depression (as measured by PHQ9 and NDDIE). Results Both intervention arms showed a significant improvement in quality of life, as compared with controls who demonstrated a decline in QOLIE-31 scores. There was significant improvement in objective cognitive performance among the intervention groups, most notably in attention, compared with the waitlisted controls. There was no significant change in depression scores. Significance The HOBSCOTCH program significantly improved quality of life and appeared to be an effective intervention to address cognitive dysfunction in adults with epilepsy. Further studies are needed to assess the generalizability and cost-effectiveness of this intervention.
Transversus Abdominis Release for Abdominal Wall Reconstruction: Early Experience with a Novel Technique

Background Ventral hernias are common sequelae of abdominal surgery. Recently, transversus abdominis release has emerged as a viable option for large or recurrent ventral hernias. Our objective was to determine the outcomes of posterior component separation via transversus abdominis release for the treatment of abdominal wall hernias in the first series of patients at one institution. Methods We performed a retrospective review of a prospectively maintained database of open ventral hernia repair patients to identify patients who underwent posterior component separation via transversus abdominis release at one institution from 2012 to 2015. Patients who were at least 1 year out from surgery were included. Patient demographic characteristics, operative details, perioperative and postoperative complications, and recurrences were analyzed. Postoperative imaging was reviewed for evidence of morbidity or recurrence. Results Thirty-seven patients met inclusion criteria; 23 (62.2%) of these patients were female, with a mean age of 57.5 ± 11 years and median BMI of 32.1 kg/m 2 (range 23.6 to 44.0 kg/m 2 ). All patients underwent repair with mesh (81.1% polypropylene, 5.4% porcine dermal matrix, and 13.5% biologic/permanent synthetic hybrid). Median defect size was 392 cm 2 (range 250 to 2,700 cm 2 ) and median mesh area was 930 cm 2 (range 600 to 3,600 cm 2 ). Approximately 24% (9 of 37) of patients experienced a postoperative complication; ileus was the most common (4 patients). Surgical site events requiring intervention (ie drainage and antibiotics) developed in 2 patients. Median follow-up period was 21 months (range 12 to 42 months), during which one recurrence was identified (2.7%). Conclusions Posterior component separation via transversus abdominis release is a safe and effective method of ventral herniorrhaphy with favorable rates of wound morbidity and recurrence.
Effects of microcystins on the oxidative damage and apoptosis of ovarian granulosa cells in rats

OBJECTIVE: To study the effects and mechanism of microcystin LR(MC-LR)on oxidative damage and apoptosis in rat ovarian granulosa cells. METHODS:After 48 h exposure to MC-LR at 0,10,20 and 30 μg/mL,the level of intracelluar reactive oxygen species,superoxide dismutase(T-SOD) activity and MDA in culture medium,apoptosis and the mRNA changes of Bax and Bcl-2 expressions were evaluated. RESULTS:After MC-LR exposure at the dosage of 10,20 and 30 μg/mL for 48 h,the T-SOD activity was significantly suppressed(P0.05). The concentrations of ROS and MDA in the 20 μg/mL and 30μg/ml groups were significantly reduced(P0.05) when compared with control group. The correlation coefficient between dosage of MC-LR and ROS was 0.925(P0.01),between dosage of MC-LR and MDA was 0.811(P0.01),between dosage of MC-LR and T-SOD was-0.865(P0.05). Cell assay indicated that the expression of Bax was up-regulated(P0.05) and Bcl-2 down- regulated(P0.05). The correlation coefficient between dosage of MC-LR and Bax was 0.972(P0.01),between dosage of MC-LR and Bcl-2 was-0.972(P0.01). CONCLUSION:MC-LR was capable of inducing oxidative damage of rat granulosa cells in vitro. MC-LR could cause apoptosis and changes in the expresons of Bax and Bcl-2.
Diagnosing rotator cuff tears.

As with many conditions, single physical examination maneuvers rarely are sensitive enough to rule out disease when absent or specific enough to rule in disease when present. By themselves, these maneuvers increase or decrease the likelihood of disease slightly, and it remains up to the physician to integrate a series of findings into an estimate of the probability of disease.
Patient Survival and Local Recurrence Rate Following Radical Prostatectomy for Prostatic Carcinoma

AbstractFrom 1970 to 1980, 153 patients with stages A2, B1 and B2 prostatic cancer and proved negative pelvic lymph nodes underwent radical prostatectomy (84 underwent radical perineal and 69 underwent radical retropubic prostatectomy). Seventeen patients were lost to followup. Of 136 patients who were followed for 5 years or until death 128 (94 per cent) were alive at 5 years, including 118 (87 per cent) who were without evidence of recurrence. Patients with microscopic invasion of the prostatic capsule have a better outcome at 5 years than those with microscopic involvement of the seminal vesicles.Only 46 of the patients could be assessed at 10 years or had died 6 to 10 years postoperatively. Results at 10 years are considered preliminary, since many more patients will reach the 10-year milestone within the next few years.
Das Gefühl unsichtbarer Gegenwart und göttlicher Führung

Der in der christlichen Mystik realisierte Trance erreicht die wesentlichen Ziele der Anbetung durch das wenigstens theoretisch vollkommenste Mittel, namlich die vertraute Gemeinschaft oder Vereinigung mit einem allmachtigen, gerechten und liebenden Wesen. Eine gute und allmachtige Personlichkeit zu lieben und von ihr geliebt zu werden, ist das wirksamste Mittel, das menschliche Herz zu beleben und seine wesentliche Sehnsucht zu erfullen.
Beyond Murray Sidman’s Coercion And Its Fallout

In Coercion and Its Fallout, Sidman (1989) proposes that coercion Is at the root of many harmful and ineffective interpersonal and social practices. After critically examining coercion, he offers an alternative in the form of positive reinforcement based on naturally occurring deprivations. This paper proposes that Sidman’s thesis can be extended by the incorporation of Goldiamond’s constructional approach and Powers’s perceptual control theory. It argues that the latter provides a coherent framework for understanding the effects of coercion and how there might even be negative side effects of the use of positive reinforcement.
Low phytic acid1-1 does not affect sugar metabolism in sugary1 kernels

Sweet corn (Zea mays L.) kernel sucrose concentration is determined by genetic and physiological factors that affect carbohydrate metabolism during kernel development. Phosphorus homeostasis via phytic acid metabolism may play a role in carbohydrate metabolism. Isolines and isohybrids that were homozygous sugary1 and either homozygous for the wild-type Low phytic acid 1 (Lpa1) allele, or the recessive lpa1-1 allele, were produced. As originally observed in starchy genetic backgrounds, seed phytic acid was greatly reduced and inorganic P greatly increased, both during development and at maturity, in su1:lpa1-1 as compared with su1:Lpa1 grain. This perturbation in kernel P metabolism had little discernable effect on kernel sugar and water-insoluble starch concentrations during development and at maturity. However mature kernel phytoglycogen (soluble starch) concentration was 43% greater in lpa1-1/su1 grain as compared with Lpa1/su1 grain. These results support the conclusion that normal seed phytic acid metabolism plays a relatively minor role in P homeostasis during development. No preference difference between these two su1 types was detected by a trained taste panel. This supports the possibility that the low phytic acid trait, of possible value in improving the nutritional quality of staple foods, can be introduced into food corns without having a large affect on their acceptability.
Reconstruction Convergence of an Impulse-doublet Sampled Random Processes

We show in this paper that first order aliased spectra, from sampling a band limited low pass random process at an average Nyquist rate, may be eliminated. Our approach is to use two arbitrarily closely spaced samples each sampling instant. A convergence proof is given for the random waveforms. Matlab simulations demonstrate reconstruction of a random waveform with low pass characteristics.
Third-order frequency selective surface based on inverter interlayers

A third-order Frequency Selective Surface based on inverter interlayers is presented. Second order FSS filter design method using coupling interlayer has been previously proposed [1]. Coupling interlayers are essentially spatial inverters that can be simply adjusted to control the transfer function of the filters. To demonstrate the design flexibility in realizing multi-pole FSS filter based on spatial inverters, this paper validates a higher order (third-order) high performance bandpass FSS adapting the same technique presented in [1]. The main advantage of this technique is its versatile implementation capability that can be adapted for various filter types and for dielectric spacers with arbitrary thicknesses. The simulation results of the third-order bandpass FSSs show a highly selective and stable filter response for oblique angle of incidence and polarizations.
Charge dependent particle correlations motivated by chiral magnetic effect and chiral vortical effect

In the early stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, a strong magnetic field can be generated. The interaction between the strong magnetic field and the hot medium would provide a way to study the nontrivial QCD topological structures, such as the chiral magnetic effect (CME) and chiral vortical effect (CVE). The three particle azimuthal correlator has been proposed to measure the separation of electric/baryonic charges with respect to the reaction plane due to the chiral effects. We report the STAR measurements of three particle azimuthal correlations of charged particles and identified particles to search for possible signatures of the CME and CVE in relativistic heavy-ion collisions of various energies and systems.
Rearrangement products in aqueous photolysis of thifensulfuron methyl

Abstract Photo-degradation of [ 14 C]-thifensulfuron methyl has been investigated in aqueous media using a light source which simulates sunlight. Degradation of thifensulfuron methyl proceeds predominantly via sulfonylurea bridge ipso-contraction, and via cleavage of the bridge structure, to yield products in which the thiophene and the triazine rings have disconnected. One significant degradation product, which accounts for nearly 10%, retained both rings with truncated bridge moiety. Surprisingly, this product had thiophene ring substituents rearranged from their original locations. Other laboratories have reported photodegradation of thifensulfuron-methyl, and identified similar degradation products as well. The structure of the rearrangement product has been misidentified in previous reports because the rearrangement of the thiophene ring is not widely recognized. An unambiguous identification of this product and potential rearrangement mechanisms are presented in this report.
“You End Up Feeling Like the Rest of the World Is Kind of Picking on You”: Perceptions of Regulatory Science’s Threats to Economic Livelihoods and Idahoans’ Collective Identity:

This article contributes to research on public attitudes toward science, specifically science distrust, by analyzing responses from focus group interviews conducted in the U.S. state of Idaho. Idah...
Detection and analysis of internal abnormal heating for high voltage switchgear based on infrared thermometric technology

There are many reason for the abnormal heating in switchgear such as the insulation defect, insulation aging, poor contact of conductive loop and so on, so the infrared temperature measurement of switchgear is important for the evaluation of switchgear operation status. The structure and composition of KYN28-12 and XGN-40.5 switchgear are introduced, and analyzed the abnormal heating type for switchgear. The abnormal heating of internal contact connector, post insulator, cable parachute skirt, puncture cabinet casing, current transformer and switchgear are researched combined with the field experience of infrared thermal imaging testing. The reason of abnormal heating are analyzed and put forward the treatment scheme by using the surface temperature judgment, relative temperature difference method and similar comparison judgment method. It is shown that the position of internal abnormal heating is different with the different types of switchgear. The surface temperature judgment and similar comparison judgment method are employed in the heating of equipment caused by current. The relative temperature difference method is used in the heating of equipment caused by voltage. It can provide a practical application basis for condition based maintenance and technical guarantee for the actual field detection.
Judge Michael Daly Hawkins, the Jury System, and American Democracy

This Tribute Essay, written for Arizona State Law Journal’s celebration of Judge Michael Daly Hawkins, examines Judge Hawkins’s decisions with respect to the rights of grand juries. It also offers personal reflections of the author’s service as a law clerk to Judge Hawkins.
The Aspartate Aminotransferase Folding Intermediates Recognized by GroEL are Partially Folded Monomers that Bind Pyridoxal Phosphate

To gain insight into the mechanism of chaperonin-assisted folding of mitochondrial aspartate aminotransferase (mAAT), we have analyzed the interaction of chemically unfolded mAAT with GroEL using a variety of spectroscopic techniques. Since native mAAT is a homodimeric pyridoxal phosphate (PLP)-dependent protein, we also examined the oligomeric state and the ability of the GroEL-associated protein to bind PLP. The folding intermediates that bind to GroEL are monomeric but have substantial structure and are already able to bind PLP with low affinity Trapping of these transient intermediates by GroEL may prevent their aggregation and increase the efficiency of the folding reaction.
Assessing within- and between-family variations in an expanded measure of childhood adversity

Previous measures of childhood adversity have enabled the identification of powerful links with later-life wellbeing. The challenge for the next generation of childhood adversity assessment is to better characterize those links through comprehensive, fine-grained measurement strategies. The expanded, retrospective measure of childhood adversity presented here leveraged analytic and theoretical advances to examine multiple domains of childhood adversity at both the microlevel of siblings and the macrolevel of families. Despite the fact that childhood adversity most often occurs in the context of families, there is a dearth of studies that have validated childhood adversity measures on multiple members of the same families. Multilevel psychometric analyses of this childhood adversity measure administered to 1,194 siblings in 500 families indicated that the additional categories of childhood adversity were widely endorsed, and increased understanding of the sources and sequalae of childhood adversity when partitioned into within- and between-family levels. For example, multilevel confirmatory factor analyses (MCFAs) indicated that financial stress, unsafe neighborhood, and parental unemployment were often experienced similarly by siblings in the same families and stemmed primarily from family wide (between-family) sources. On the other hand, being bullied and school stressors were often experienced differently by siblings and derived primarily from individual (within-family) processes. Multilevel structural equation modeling (MSEM) further illuminated differential criterion validity correlations between these categories of childhood adversity with midlife psychological, social, and physical health. Expanded, multidomain, and multilevel measures of childhood adversity appear to hold promise for identifying layered causes and consequences of adverse childhood experiences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Legitimacy in Public Recreation: Examining Rhetorical Shifts in Institutional Creation and Maintenance

This paper uncovers the rhetorical strategies used by the National Recreation and Park Association (NRPA) to affect institutional discourse and field logics during the first 25 years of its existen...
Dynamic Link Analysis and Application for a MEO Space Vehicle

The study is to perform dynamic link analysis to determine the earliest separation time of the Space Vehicle (SV) from the Launch Vehicle (LV) while meeting the SV link requirements for Telemetry, Tracking and Control (TT&C) uplink & downlink services from/to ground stations. Successful rocket launch required adequate link coverage throughout the flight and good Radio Frequency (RF) performance. The presentation will discuss the concept of the dynamic link analysis, SV antenna switching schedule, recommended SV separation time, as well as the performance for different launch scenarios within the 24-hour launch window. Topics will include antenna patterns, launch trajectories, elevation angle, and clock & cone angle geometry, and dynamic link budget.
WIND ENERGY MODELING OVER WEST AFRICA

ABSTRACTWind Energy remains one of the few bright spots in renewable energy in the 21stCentury. Wind farms can provide clean, renewable energy to homes, businessesand the agricultural sector. Though Wind energy is the fastest growing component ofrenewable energy sources, it is highly fluctuating in time and space due to theintermittent nature of near-surface winds. Understanding of uncertainties in shorttermprediction of wind energy is becoming increasingly important for a variety ofissues, such as integration into an electricity supply system, local energy balancing,and management of energy resources. To overcome the shortfall of high resolutionin-situ regional wind observations for wind resources assessment in West Africa, thewind conditions have been estimated utilizing the next-generation mesoscalenumerical weather prediction system, the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF)Model. The main aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of (WRF) Model inwind prediction over two regions in West Africa. The present case study shows thatthe model has performed reasonably well over Dakar, Senegal. On the other hand,the model performance over Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso was unsatisfactory.
Sequence-dependent RNA helix conformational preferences predictably impact tertiary structure formation

Structured RNAs and RNA complexes underlie biological processes ranging from control of gene expression to protein translation. Approximately 50% of nucleotides within known structured RNAs are folded into Watson-Crick (WC) base pairs, and sequence changes that preserve these pairs are typically assumed to preserve higher-order RNA structure and binding of macromolecule partners. Here, we report that indirect effects of the helix sequence on RNA tertiary stability are, in fact, significant but are nevertheless predictable from a simple computational model called RNAMake-∆∆G. When tested through the RNA on a massively parallel array (RNA-MaP) experimental platform, blind predictions for >1500 variants of the tectoRNA heterodimer model system achieve high accuracy (rmsd 0.34 and 0.77 kcal/mol for sequence and length changes, respectively). Detailed comparison of predictions to experiments support a microscopic picture of how helix sequence changes subtly modulate conformational fluctuations at each base-pair step, which accumulate to impact RNA tertiary structure stability. Our study reveals a previously overlooked phenomenon in RNA structure formation and provides a framework of computation and experiment for understanding helix conformational preferences and their impact across biological RNA and RNA-protein assemblies.
A Longitudinal Study of the Transition from Doctoral Student to Faculty Member in Physical Education.

ABSTRACTPurpose: A paucity of literature examines how doctoral students are prepared for the transition into physical education teacher education faculty roles. Given the need to understand how doc...
Association Between Insulin Resistance, Plasma Leptin, and Neurocognition in Vascular Cognitive Impairment.

BACKGROUND Greater body weight has been associated impairments in neurocognition and greater dementia risk, although the mechanisms linking weight and neurocognition have yet to be adequately delineated. OBJECTIVE To examine metabolic mechanisms underlying the association between obesity and neurocognition. METHODS We conducted a secondary analysis of weight, neurocognition, and the potentially mediating role of metabolic and inflammatory biomarkers among 160 participants from the ENLIGHTEN trial of vascular cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND). Neurocognition was assessed using a 45-minute assessment battery assessing Executive Function, Verbal and Visual Memory. We considered three metabolic biomarkers: insulin resistance (homeostatic model assessment [HOMA-IR]), plasma leptin, and insulin-like growth factor (IGF-1). Inflammation was assessed using C-reactive protein. Multiple regression analyses were used. RESULTS Participants included 160 sedentary older adults with CIND. Participants tended to be overweight or obese (mean BMI = 32.5 [SD = 4.8]). Women exhibited higher BMI (p = 0.043), CRP (p < 0.001), and leptin (p < 0.001) compared with men. Higher BMI levels were associated with worse performance on measures of Executive Function (β= -0.16, p = 0.024) and Verbal Memory (β= -0.16, p = 0.030), but not Visual Memory (β= 0.05, p = 0.500). Worse metabolic biomarker profiles also were associated with lower Executive Function (β= -0.12, p = 0.050). Mediation analyses suggested leptin was a plausible candidate as a mediator between BMI and Executive Function. CONCLUSIONS In overweight and obese adults with vascular CIND, the association between greater weight and poorer executive function may be mediated by higher leptin resistance.
Pan-genome diversification and recombination in Cronobacter sakazakii, an opportunistic pathogen in neonates, and insights to its xerotolerant lifestyle

Cronobacter sakazakii is an emerging opportunistic bacterial pathogen known to cause neonatal and pediatric infections, including meningitis, necrotizing enterocolitis, and bacteremia. Multiple disease outbreaks of C. sakazakii have been documented in the past few decades, yet little is known of its genomic diversity, adaptation, and evolution. Here, we analyzed the pan-genome characteristics and phylogenetic relationships of 237 genomes of C. sakazakii and 48 genomes of related Cronobacter species isolated from diverse sources. The C. sakazakii pan-genome contains 17,158 orthologous gene clusters, and approximately 19.5% of these constitute the core genome. Phylogenetic analyses reveal the presence of at least ten deep branching monophyletic lineages indicative of ancestral diversification. We detected enrichment of functions involved in proton transport and rotational mechanism in accessory genes exclusively found in human-derived strains. In environment-exclusive accessory genes, we detected enrichment for those involved in tryptophan biosynthesis and indole metabolism. However, we did not find significantly enriched gene functions for those genes exclusively found in food strains. The most frequently detected virulence genes are those that encode proteins associated with chemotaxis, enterobactin synthesis, ferrienterobactin transporter, type VI secretion system, galactose metabolism, and mannose metabolism. The genes fos which encodes resistance against fosfomycin, a broad-spectrum cell wall synthesis inhibitor, and mdf(A) which encodes a multidrug efflux transporter were found in nearly all genomes. We found that a total of 2991 genes in the pan-genome have had a history of recombination. Many of the most frequently recombined genes are associated with nutrient acquisition, metabolism and toxin production. Overall, our results indicate that the presence of a large accessory gene pool, ability to switch between ecological niches, a diverse suite of antibiotic resistance, virulence and niche-specific genes, and frequent recombination partly explain the remarkable adaptability of C. sakazakii within and outside the human host. These findings provide critical insights that can help define the development of effective disease surveillance and control strategies for Cronobacter-related diseases.