cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The role of magmatic reaction, diffusion and annealing in the evolution of coronitic microstructure in troctolitic gabbro from Risör, Norway

Coronas of symplectic pargasite [X Mg = 68, X Ca = 69, X Si = 68] + spinel [SP45] and orthopyroxene [EN70] separate cumulus plagioclase [AN64] and olivine [FO64] in troctolitic gabbro from Risor, Norway. Coronas with a primary microstructure characterized by low-angle grain boundaries have the mineral assemblage layer sequence, PLAGIOCLASE : PARGASITE + SPINEL : ORTHOPYROXENE + SPINEL : ORTHOPYROXENE : OLIVINE, whereas those with an annealed microstructure have the layer sequence, PLAGIOCLASE : PARGASITE + SPINEL : PARGASITE : ORTHOPYROXENE : OLIVINE. Primary symplectite consists of fan-shaped grains of pargasite that open toward plagioclase and are ribbed by rods of spinel. On annealing to a single grain, low-angle grain boundaries disappear and spinel rods rotate into parallel positions. Primary orthopyroxene, initially radial to layer contacts, anneals to a single grain, rimming olivine. Irregular discontinuous layers and plumes of symplectic orthopyroxene+spinel disappear on annealing and a monomineralic layer of pargasite forms between orthopyroxene and the amphibole symplectite. The identity of composition of intercumulus pargasite and orthopyroxene with the same phases in primary coronas, the occurrence of primary and annealed coronas rimming cumulus ilmenite and the occurrence of radial orthopyroxene separating grains of cumulus olivine and separating cumulus olivine and plagioclase argue for the origin of primary coronas by fractional crystallization of spinel-saturated troctolitic magma at a pressure greater than 5 kbar. Irreversible thermodynamic calculations show that the mineral assemblage layer sequence of the primary coronas is diffusionally unstable and that this instability provides the driving force for their spontaneous transformation to the stable mineral assemblage layer sequence of the annealed coronas.
Diabetes-associated alterations in uterine structure in the C57BL/KsJ Mouse: Relationship to changes in estradiol accumulation, circulating ovarian steroid levels, and age

The effects of the diabetes (D) mutation on utero-ovarian structure and function were examined in match-paired D and control (C) C57BL/KsJ mice between 2 and 16 weeks of age. Between 4 and 8 weeks of age, the uterine epithelium of D mice exhibited a remarkable increase in the amount of cytoplasmic lipid stores as compared with that of C animals. Associated with progressive hyperglycemia between 8 and 16 weeks of age, uterine atrophy and continued lipid accumulation occurred. Both serum progesterone and estradiol levels were lower in D than C mice between 8 and 16 weeks of age. In addition, the uteri of D mice failed to accumulate as much 3H-estradiol as C uteri at 16 weeks of age. These data demonstrate that changes in uterine structure that are attributable to depressed ovarian activity in diabetics underlie the reproductive failure in these animals. The temporal association between the onset of reproductive tract involution and the expressed hyperglycemic condition suggests a causal association between these events in the genetically diabetic C57BL/KsJ mouse.
Strategic Planning as a Tool for Managing Organizational Change

Abstract This article surveys primary definitions and models of strategic planning used in state and local government. Two models of strategic planning are discussed in length: a. an eight step agency model, with attention to how managers can use each step to manage change in the organization, and b. an alternative approach for community-based strategic planning. Finally, comments on made on the development of strategic planning in the 1990s and its integration into broader quality management reforms. We conclude by laying out some of the lessons we are learning from these broader strategic management approaches to managing change.
Chemoselective Lactam Formation in the Addition of Benzenesulfonyl Bromide to N-Allyl Acrylamides and N-Allyl 3,3-Dimethylacrylamides

Chemoselectivity in the addition and cyclization reactions of PhSO2Br to N-allyl acrylamides has been confirmed due to the higher reactivity of the acrylic CC bond toward the sulfonyl radical than that of the allyl CC bond. Formation of γ-lactams by Cβ→Cα cyclization can be achieved with N-allyl 3,3-dimethylacrylamides.
Discovery of novel hydroxy-thiazoles as HIF-α prolyl hydroxylase inhibitors: SAR, synthesis, and modeling evaluation

Inhibition of the PHD2 enzyme has been associated with increased red blood cell levels. From a screening hit, a series of novel hydroxyl-thiazoles were developed as potent PHD2 inhibitors.
Actin-associated proteins related to focal and close cell-substrate contacts in murine fibroblasts.

Abstract Based on the premise that cell-surface proteins involved in focal or close cell-to-substrate contact will be linked across the membrane, either directly or indirectly to F-actin of the cytoskeleton, we have used a modification of the myosin affinity technique (Leonardi, C L & Rubin, R W, Anal biochem 118 (1981) 58) [20] to precipitate F-actin filaments and associated proteins from Nonidet P-40 solubilized cells. BALB/c 3T3 fibroblasts, which have close and focal contacts, and their adhesion-defective mutant, AD6, which has only close contacts were compared. Clarified cell homogenates were incubated with rabbit muscle myosin thick filaments and were pelleted. Supernatants obtained from successive washes of the pellets, before and after release of actin and associated proteins by adenosine triphosphate, were analysed by gel electrophoresis under reducing conditions. The metabolic origin of the actin-associated proteins was determined by [35S]methionine labelling of BALB/c 3T3 cells. By these methods, 38 and 57 kD proteins were found to be actin-associated in BALB/c 3T3 but not in AD6. Biochemically reverting AD6 to the BALB/c 3T3 phenotype restored focal contacts and the association of the 38 and 57 kD proteins to actin, further implying roles for the proteins in the focal contact. Proteins of 48 and 145 kD were actin-associated in all three cell types indicating a potential role for these proteins in the close contact.
Mothers in postdivorce families caring for a child with cystic fibrosis

Abstract This study explored the experiences of mothers of children with cystic fibrosis (CF) in postdivorce family structures. In-depth interviews of mothers were conducted by registered nurses with expertise in CF. Interviews focused on responsibility for care of the CF child within the context of postdivorce families (e.g., extent of nonresidential fathers’ involvement in children’s care, communication between households). Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed verbatim. The constant comparison method was used for analyzing interview data. Marital transitions contributed to the closeness between mothers and children with CF, but they also added to the mothers’ sense of being overwhelmed with responsibilities. It is likely that children and mothers are more at risk for stress-related problems when mothers are overburdened by the demands of caregiving, earning a living, and other responsibilities.
Precision Test of Cracking Surveys with the Automated Distress Analyzer

In the last few years, there have been rapid developments and advances of technologies for pavement cracking surveys for both data acquisition and data interpretation. Although the high-speed and objective means of automated data collection and processing for pavement distress survey are appealing, many agencies are reluctant to adopt the new technology because either data quality is perceived as compromised or that there is lack of experience. However, there has been a slow but growing trend that more agencies began to realize that as long as a proper balance between data quality and full automation is made, the level of error in automation is acceptable. In addition, there is a lack of commonly used cracking protocols and limited analysis of data quality. This paper attempts to design an analysis method and apply real-world data sets under varying conditions for fully automated analysis. A statistical approach is used to compare results among manual, semiautomated, and fully automated procedures. The pa...
Latent cytomegalovirus down-regulates major histocompatibility complex class II expression on myeloid progenitors

Following primary infection, human cytomegalovirus (CMV) establishes a lifelong latent infection in bone marrow–derived myeloid lineage cells. Although downmodulation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I and class II protein levels occurs during active viral replication, little is known about the modulation of these proteins during latent infection. When analyzed by flow cytometry, latently infected adherent cells collected from granulocyte macrophage progenitor (GM-P) cultures exhibited a striking reduction in MHC class II antigen present on the cell surface starting very early after exposure to virus that continued for more than 2 weeks. In comparison, cell surface levels of the monocyte cell surface marker CD14 remained unaltered in these cells. A recombinant virus (RV798) lacking the virus genes US2-US11 retained the ability to downmodulate MHC class II levels during latent infection. Immunoblot and immunofluorescent antibody staining analyses showed that the reduction in MHC class II surface levels during latency was associated with a block in protein trafficking. HLA-DR was retained within cytoplasmic vesicles that also contained HLA-DM. Thus, downmodulation remained independent of all previously characterized MHC class I and class II immunomodulatory viral gene products and involved a mechanism not previously ascribed to any viral function. These data show that latent infection is accompanied by reduced cell surface expression of MHC class II proteins, a strategy that would afford the virus escape from immunosurveillance and increase the chances for lifelong latent infection.
What goes around comes around: an analysis of del.icio.us as social space

An emergent class of web applications blurs the boundary between single user application and online public space. Recently popular web applications like del.icio.us help manage information traditionally kept on personal machines, while allowing for sharing with the community at large. An analysis of del.icio.us, a web-based bookmarks manager, shows that users who perceive greater degrees of social presence are more likely to annotate their bookmarks with information that could facilitate the sharing and discovery of bookmarks for other del.icio.us users. The design principles of del.icio.us and similar systems along with the findings of the present analysis reveal useful implications for the design of information sharing systems and knowledge repositories.
Consistency of Assembly Related Product Information: Part 1 — Representation

In this work, NIST’s Core Product Model (CPM) and the Open Assembly Model (OAM) are extended to integrate product information including function and behavior, with an emphasis on assembly, throughout all phases of product development. The consistency validation of product information, and the verification of modified product information are discussed. These processes ensure that the product information has no contradictions and allows tracing through associations without any deficiency or disconnection. In other words, the information model has to be complete in terms of traceability of function, behavior, spatial relationships, etc., in order to support all information exchange activities. The product information representation provides a mechanism for capturing product information and storing it in a database. This representation schema also provides necessary information for any future decision making activities at the End_Of_Life (EOL) environment, such as the replacement or reuse of any part or subassembly. When there is a need to replace one artifact with another, one must consider all of the associations of the existing artifact with other artifacts and the environment, not just functional and space requirements, and the relevant modification(s) of the associated objects has to be verified. So one can manage product lifecycle activities in different perspectives by knowing how the product information is interconnected in various domains and how its characteristics affect each other.
Coverage Learned Targeted Validation for Incremental HW Changes

This paper addresses the challenges of minimizing the time and resources required to validate the changes between two Hardware (HW) model iterations of the same design. It introduces CLTV (Coverage Learned Targeted Validation), an automatic framework which learns during the verification process of the HW and uses the learned information to target the areas of the design that are affected by the incremental HW model iterations.Our paper defines new concepts, presents our implementation of the supporting algorithms, and shows actual results on an IBM POWER8 processor with outstanding results.
Variable-windowed spectrograms: connecting Cohen's class and the wavelet transform

Defines a class of time-frequency representations called variable-windowed spectrograms (VWS), and explores the link between the two independently developed categories of time-frequency representations: Cohen's class and the wavelet transform (WT). By expanding upon the conventional (fixed-windowed) spectrogram, the VWS provides flexible time-frequency localizations depending on the selection of the variable (i.e., time- and frequency-dependent) windows. It is shown that the VWS is a subclass of Cohen's class and that a particular constraint on the window of the VWS produces a distribution which is equivalent to the modulus squared of a WT. Some aspects of the VWS are discussed in the ambiguity, temporal correlation, spectral correlation, and time-frequency domains. >
Playing basketball, pushed, hip pain, cannot walk.

CASEThis 13-year-old male was playing basketball when a fellow player pushed him. He fell down and had acute onset of right hip pain radiating into the thigh. The patient could not walk. Radiographs were obtained at a hospital near his residence, and he was diagnosed with a femoral neck fracture. He
Lithium energy-band structure calculations using ab initio pseudopotentials

A recently suggested method for constructing ab initio pseudopotentials has been applied to Li and used to calculate the energies at high-symmetry points of the Brillouin zone for lithium metal. This potential is unique, local, and Hermitian and is much weaker than the Hartree-Fock potential. As a result of the weakness of the potential, the conduction-band orbitals are smooth in the core regions, and plane-wave expansions are found to converge rapidly. (There is no restriction that the conduction orbitals be made orthogonal to the core orbitals.) The lowest energy band has character similar to the band obtained from orthogonalized planes-wave calculations using the Seitz empirical potential.
Potential Femoral Head Osteonecrosis Model Induced by High-Intensity Focused Ultrasound

Osteonecrosis of the femoral head is a common disease that can result in complex hip replacement. To evaluate potential treatments, a model that consistently creates osteonecrosis is needed. We studied and demonstrated the possibility of developing an osteonecrosis model using high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) on canine femora in vitro. To achieve these goals, the temperature in the medullary cavity of the femoral head was measured. A phenomenological model was developed to fit the measured temperature variations with the HIFU parameters for similar HIFU experiments on femoral heads. The average temperature discrepancy between model and measured values was less than 0.83°C. Histology confirmed that the temperature in the medullary cavity can be elevated to a level at which an acute thermal injury is created. HIFU has the potential to be used in a non-invasive model of osteonecrosis.
Photolysis of azido sugar derivatives. Generation of 5′-aldehydes from 5′-azido derivatives of adenosine and uridine

Abstract 5′-Azido-5′-deoxy-2′,3′- O -isopropylideneadenosine ( 4 ) [prepared by way of N 6 -formyl-2′,3′- O -isopropylidene-5′- O - p -tolylsulfonyladenosine ( 2 )], upon photolysis and mild treatment with acid, gives the nucleoside 5′-aldehyde derivative 5 , characterized by reduction with borohydride to 2′,3′- O -isopropylideneadenosine ( 1 ) and with borodeuteride to give the 5′-deuterated analog ( 6 ) of 1 . Similarly, photolysis of 5′-azido-2′,3′- O -benzylidene-5′-deoxyuridine ( 9 ), followed by treatment with acid, gave the nucleoside 5′-aldehyde derivative 10 , characterized by borohydride reduction to 2′,3′- O -benzylideneuridine ( 7 ) and borodeuteride reduction to the 5′-deuterated analog ( 11 ) of 7 . The position of deuterium labeling in 6 and 11 was verified by high-resolution n.m.r. and mass spectrometry.
Hybrid-Electric Powertrain Design Evaluation for Future Tactical Truck Vehicle Systems

The article presents the results of a large-scale design space exploration for two vehicles part of the Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) family. A multi-objective optimization tool is presented, that allows designers to make appropriate trade-offs amongst different vehicle characteristics, on the basis of simulations run varying vehicle parameters over a broad range of values. Several powertrain architectures were taken into consideration for the Maneuver Sustainment Vehicle (MSV) and Utility Vehicle (UV). The architecture alternatives include the number of axles in the vehicle (2 or 3), the number of electric motors per axle (1 or 2), the type of internal combustion engine, the type and quantity of devices for energy storage (batteries, electrochemical capacitors or both together). A control strategy for energy management was developed to provide efficiency and performance. The control parameters are tunable and have been included into the design space exploration.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Deeper Processing Is Associated With Support for Policies to Reduce Obesity

Health communication researchers have become increasingly interested in factors that predict support for health-related policy. Previous studies have shown that judgments about issues that are influenced by political ideology can be modified by the depth with which receivers process messages related to that issue. In this study, we test whether the same pattern is found for causal attributions about obesity and, ultimately, support for policies to reduce obesity. A national, random sample of U.S. adults read a story about both individual and societal causes of obesity. The longer the time participants spent on the study, and the more words they generated in a thought-listing procedure (operationalizations of depth of processing), the more likely participants were to support policies to reduce obesity, a traditionally liberal position. The same measures of depth of processing did not influence causal explanation of obesity overall, but the more time political moderates spent on the study, the more likely t...
Reticular stimulation in the pregnant rat: effects on offspring.

Abstract Increased arousal levels in pregnant rats were produced via electrical stimulation of the reticular formation (RF) on Days 6–16 of gestation. Current levels between 0.02 and 0.06 mA were selected depending on the threshold for overt motor response to stimulation in the individual animal. Offspring were tested at 30 days of age for threshold of flurothyl-induced convulsion, and at 90 days of age for percent avoidance in a shock avoidance task. In comparison to offspring of implanted controls, RF-stimulated offspring had elevated seizure thresholds (males and females) and enhanced avoidance performance (females only). Further studies using fostering showed that the effect on avoidance performance was mediated both prenatally and postnatally. The relative importance of prenatal and postnatal influences on seizure threshold could not be determined. These results are compared to previous studies of the behavioral effects of prenatal chlorpromazine threatment.
Small for Gestational Age Fetus and Neonatal Outcome: Reevaluation of the Relationship

A retrospective review of 1316 neonates who had been evaluated in the Perinatal Laboratory of my institution during the years 1990 and 1991 was undertaken to study the relationship between birthweight for gestational age, maternal high-risk factors, and neonatal ponderal index with neonatal outcome. Patients were stratified as to gestational age at delivery and the presence of significant congenital abnormalities. Univariant analysis (chi square or t test, where appropriate) was done comparing neonatal outcome for neonates that were or were not small for gestational age (SGA), whose mother did or did not have high-risk factors, and for infants with normal or abnormal ponderal indices. Multivariant analysis was also done using logistic regression analysis. In infants without congenital anomalies delivering at term only the presence of maternal risk factors had prognostic significance, whereas both maternal risk factors and defining infants as SGA had prognostic value in infants delivering preterm, especially less than 34 weeks' gestation. Ponderal index had no significant prognostic value at any gestational age. The data supports the concept that intrauterine growth retardation as defined as an SGA, low birthweight for gestational age infant, may be an inaccurate classification for infants delivering at term, but does have prognostic significance in preterm infants, especially those less than 34 weeks' gestational age.
Abnormal motor behavior and vestibular dysfunction in the stargazer mouse mutant

In stargazer mutant mice, a mutation in the gene encoding stargazin results in absence epilepsy, cerebellar ataxia, and a characteristic abnormal motor syndrome. The main goal of the current studies was to characterize the nature and source of the abnormal motor behavior. Because the stargazer motor syndrome resembles that of other rodents with vestibular dysfunction, the motor abnormalities were compared with those of normal mice treated with toxins known to damage the vestibular system. Quantitative open field assessments revealed that the stargazer mice display a motor syndrome very similar to that exhibited by mice with toxin-induced vestibulopathy. However, stargazer mice also displayed several additional behaviors, such as ataxic gait and sustained extensor movements of the neck. In addition, stargazer mice performed worse than mice with toxin-induced vestibulopathy in most standard tests of motor function. Motor function was also impaired on each of four behavioral tests sensitive to vestibular function. Because of the close associations between the vestibular and auditory systems, tests of auditory function were also employed. The stargazer mutants exhibited relatively normal auditory brainstem evoked responses but no apparent acoustic startle reflex. Histological examination of vestibular sensory epithelium at the light and electron microscopic levels confirmed the existence of abnormalities in the stargazer mutants. These results imply a previously unrecognized role for stargazin in the normal functions of the vestibular system and indicate that some, but not all, of the abnormal motor syndrome of stargazer mice can be attributed to vestibular dysfunction.
A partial characterization of collagens from Notophthalmus viridescens and Rana catesbiana.

Abstract 1. 1. The amino acid compositions of the skin collagens from Rana catesbiana larva and adult and from the skin and tail of Notophthalmus viridescens were determined. 2. 2. The melting temperatures of the collagens were found to be 27°C for the tadpole; 29·3° for the frog and 29·8° for the newt. 3. 3. Imino acid content correlated with the T m of newt collagen. The T m s of the anuran collagens did not correlate with imino acid content. 4. 4. Using two methods of analysis, no significant tryptophan was detected in the anuran collagens. Tryptophan equivalent to one residue per tropocollagen molecule was detectable in the urodele collagens.
Laboratory investigation of the influence of warm asphalt additives on long-term performance properties of CRM binders

This paper presents an experimental analysis of the long-term properties of rubberised binders containing warm asphalt additives. The rubberised binders were manufactured at 10% by binder weight using five different binder sources and the binders with the additives were produced using two (i.e. Aspha-min® and Sasobit®) of the available warm asphalt processes. The rubberised warm asphalt binders were artificially short-term and then long-term aged through the rolling thin film oven and pressure ageing vessel procedures. Superpave binder tests were carried out on the binders using the rotational viscometer, the dynamic shear rheometer (DSR) and the bending beam rheometer (BBR). In general, the results of this limited study indicated that (1) the addition of the warm asphalt additives into the rubberised binders showed positive effects on increasing rutting resistance, (2) the rubberised binders containing the additives were less resistant to fatigue cracking at intermediate temperatures than the control rub...
The Persistent Effect of Initial Substrate Protein Conformation on Productive Folding by Groel-Groes

The GroEL/GroES chaperonin system is required for the assisted folding of many essential proteins. In order to initiate a folding reaction, an open GroEL ring must capture a non-native substrate protein and encapsulate the protein inside an enclosed cavity that is formed when ATP and GroES bind to the same, substrate protein-occupied ring. Previous work demonstrated that the GroEL-dependent folding of highly recalcitrant proteins like RuBisCO is enhanced by two phases of structural disruption prior to the initiation of folding: a binding-driven unfolding phase upon substrate protein capture by a GroEL ring, and a forced expansion driven by the movement of the GroEL apical domains upon ATP binding. The overall impact, timing and significance of these unfolding events, particularly with regard to their coordination with GroES binding and substrate protein encapsulation, has remained controversial. Here we demonstrate that the conformation of a substrate protein at the moment of release into the GroEL-GroES cavity directly affects the efficiency of subsequent folding events. We first examined the conformation of non-native RuBisCO as it interacts with a GroEL variant possessing a substantially reduced ability to support folding. using a combination of resonance energy transfer and protease protection, we find that the non-native RuBisCO monomer adopts a less unfolded conformation upon initial capture by the GroEL variant. Subsequent binding of ATP results in a reduced forced expansion of RuBisCO by this GroEL variant. Despite efficient binding of GroES to a RuBisCO-occupied ring, however, the compaction of the folding intermediate during encapsulation is also substantially reduced. In combination, these deficits in initial structural alteration appear to result in a marked reduction in productive folding, suggesting a crucial role of these GroEL-dependent manipulations in preparation of the substrate protein for the folding process.
Nonlinear vibration of buckled beams: some exact solutions

In this paper, exact solutions are obtained for the dynamics of buckled beams with different types of end conditions. The differential equation for the vibrations of buckled beams, with restrictions on axial stretch, is nonlinear. Using the modes of the corresponding linear problem, which readily satisfy the boundary conditions, the natural frequencies are obtained for the nonlinear problem by using Jacobi elliptic functions. Analytical solutions for the dynamics of buckled beams, with various rotational restraints, are presented.
Characterization of adenovirus-mediated gene transfer in rabbit flexor tendons.

Purpose Adenoviral vector-based gene therapy is a promising technique for the delivery of growth factors to tendons. The objective of this study was to determine whether rabbit flexor tendons could be transduced effectively by adenoviral vectors and whether the introduction of adenoviral vectors would cause a notable local inflammatory response. Methods Recombinant adenoviruses expressing green fluorescent protein (AdGFP) or BMP-13 (AdBMP-13) were constructed and 3 different viral titers (1 x 10 7 , 1 x 10 8 , and 1 x 10 9 ) were tested in this study. The second through fifth tendons of the forepaws and hindpaws of a New Zealand white rabbit were identified surgically and injected with different viral titers of adenoviruses. The fifth tendon was used as a control. The tendons were harvested 12 days after surgery. The retrieved tendons were sectioned to measure transgene expression, as well as for histologic evaluation. Results At all tested viral titers an efficient dose-dependent transgene expression was detected in all samples at 12 days after injection. At the highest dose the injection sites were notable for lymphocytic infiltration, suggesting that injected adenoviral vectors can illicit some local inflammatory response. Lymphocytic infiltration was much less apparent, however, in the tendons injected with lower titers of adenoviral vectors. There was no evidence of a massive inflammatory response and/or cell death. Conclusions Our findings show that adenovirus-based gene therapy is an efficient means of gene delivery to rabbit flexor tendons. Transduction efficiency of transgenes was dose dependent across the tested titers, although adenovirus-induced inflammation was notable only at the highest titer. This indicates that efficient gene transfer without notable local inflammatory response may be achieved by using the lower titers. Although adenovirus-induced inflammation can be minimized by using lower viral titers, its impact on adhesion formation in the long term remains unknown.
Semi-automated Imaging of Tissue-specific Fluorescence in Zebrafish Embryos

Zebrafish embryos are a powerful tool for large-scale screening of small molecules. Transgenic zebrafish that express fluorescent reporter proteins are frequently used to identify chemicals that modulate gene expression. Chemical screens that assay fluorescence in live zebrafish often rely on expensive, specialized equipment for high content screening. We describe a procedure using a standard epifluorescence microscope with a motorized stage to automatically image zebrafish embryos and detect tissue-specific fluorescence. Using transgenic zebrafish that report estrogen receptor activity via expression of GFP, we developed a semi-automated procedure to screen for estrogen receptor ligands that activate the reporter in a tissue-specific manner. In this video we describe procedures for arraying zebrafish embryos at 24-48 hours post fertilization (hpf) in a 96-well plate and adding small molecules that bind estrogen receptors. At 72-96 hpf, images of each well from the entire plate are automatically collected and manually inspected for tissue-specific fluorescence. This protocol demonstrates the ability to detect estrogens that activate receptors in heart valves but not in liver.
Sharing the 'now': Heidegger and the temporal co-constitution of world

In this paper I respond to the view that Heidegger is unable to account for the possibility of immediately experiencing others in their concrete particularity. Critics have argued that since Mitsein characterizes Dasein’s mode of being regardless of the presence or absence of others, Heidegger has essentially granted it the status of an a priori category. In doing so, they argue, Heidegger reduces the other to a mere interchangeable token whose uniqueness is subsumed under the generality of the established category. In contrast, I argue that the Heideggerian ‘a priori’ must be understood as a living responsiveness to particularity, not a top-down imposition of abstract categoriality. The argument further shows that this responsiveness must be understood in terms of temporal particularity. The bulk of the paper then demonstrates the nature of such responsiveness when it is the temporal particularity of the other Dasein that is being encountered. I show that such encounters are a necessary condition for the possibility of world time and the worldly space of shared significance. Because my encounter with the other Dasein is a direct experience of her originary temporality—the fundamental expression of her concrete care-defined way of being—such encounters are not simple subsumptions of the other to an a priori category. They are, rather, a temporal responsiveness to the unique mode of intuitive givenness characterizing other Dasein.
Real-time animation of complex hairstyles

True real-time animation of complex hairstyles on animated characters is the goal of this work, and the challenge is to build a mechanical model of the hairstyle which is sufficiently fast for real-time performance while preserving the particular behavior of the hair medium and maintaining sufficient versatility for simulating any kind of complex hairstyles. Rather than building a complex mechanical model directly related to the structure of the hair strands, we take advantage of a volume free-form deformation scheme. We detail the construction of an efficient lattice mechanical deformation model which represents the volume behavior of the hair strands. The lattice is deformed as a particle system using state-of-the-art numerical methods, and animates the hairs using quadratic B-spline interpolation. The hairstyle reacts to the body skin through collisions with a metaball-based approximation. The model is highly scalable and allows hairstyles of any complexity to be simulated in any rendering context with the appropriate trade off between accuracy and computation speed, fitting the need of level-of-detail optimization schemes.
Endocyte©, an interactive computer program for quantitative analysis of receptor-mediated endocytosis

We present EndoCyte, a user friendly interactive program for quantitative analysis of receptor-mediated endocytosis. The data, comprised of time-dependent concentrations of the ligand at the cell surface and the ligand internalized by cells, are analyzed by the application of a set of nested mathematical models of endocytosis. EndoCyte reduces data to parameters conventional in description of receptor-mediated endocytosis and a parameter which describes the non-linear effects. The performance of EndoCyte is documented by the analysis of applications to synthetic data.
Dramatic Improvement of Pyoderma Gangrenosum with Infliximab in a Patient with PAPA Syndrome

Abstract Infliximab, a chimeric antitumor necrosis factor alpha monoclonal antibody (anti-TNF alpha), has been recently shown to have a beneficial effect on pyoderma gangrenosum associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Patients with the syndromic triad of pyogenic sterile arthritis, pyoderma gangrenosum, and acne, an autoinflammatory process caused by mutations in the CD2 binding protein-1 (CD2BP1) gene, can have severe pyoderma gangrenosum. We describe a 14-year-old patient with this syndrome who was unresponsive to multiple therapies. A dramatic improvement in his pyoderma gangrenosum was observed after one infusion of infliximab, and a second infusion led to its resolution. Our observation extends the therapeutic use of infliximab to this component of PAPA syndrome.
Effect of thermal fluctuations of spin density wave order parameter on the quasiparticle spectral function

The two-dimensional model of itinerant electrons coupled to an antiferromagnetic order parameter is considered. In the mean-field solution the Fermi surface undergoes reconstruction and breaks into disconnected “pockets”. We have studied the effect of the thermal fluctuations of the order parameter on the spectral density in such system. These fluctuations lead to a finite width of the spectral line scaling linearly with temperature. Due to the thermal fluctuations the quasiparticle spectral weight is transferred into a magnetic Brillouin zone. This can be interpreted as restoration of “arcs” of the noninteracting Fermi surface.
Developing Students' Awareness of Universal Design

ISSUE: Interior designers require an understanding of universal design as a way of thinking rather than a code check for accessibility. Creating this awareness may be most effective at the introductory level with beginning design students. GOAL: The goal was to broaden inferior design students' awareness of their daily environments and the range of abilities of all people by introducing concepts of universal design as basic, core information in foundation courses. APPLICATION: Repeatedly altering students' abilities and using clients with particular needs promoted an understanding of universal design through experiential learning, a form of learning that promotes self-reliant, capable students. DESCRIPTION: Introducing concepts of universal design into existing basic design projects fostered students' awareness of the range of human abilities within a framework of basic design without increasing teaching workloads. In an open-ended questionnaire, students described their understanding of universal design and identified projects that were most effective in the development of a sense of universal design. CONCLUSION: Students' projects and results of the questionnaires indicated sensitivity to the range of human abilities and knowledge of accessibility in daily environments. Projects that were most effective in developing a sense of universal design involved practice and experience.
Dynamic linear model for the identification of miRNAs in next-generation sequencing data

Summary Next-generation sequencing technologies are poised to revolutionize the field of biomedical research. The increased resolution of these data promise to provide a greater understanding of the molecular processes that control the morphology and behavior of a cell. However, the increased amounts of data require innovative statistical procedures that are powerful while still being computationally feasible. In this article, we present a method for identifying small RNA molecules, called miRNAs, which regulate genes by targeting their mRNAs for degradation or translational repression. In the first step of our modeling procedure, we apply an innovative dynamic linear model that identifies candidate miRNA genes in high-throughput sequencing data. The model is flexible and can accurately identify interesting biological features while accounting for both the read count, read spacing, and sequencing depth. Additionally, miRNA candidates are also processed using a modified Smith–Waterman sequence alignment that scores the regions for potential RNA hairpins, one of the defining features of miRNAs. We illustrate our method on simulated datasets as well as on a small RNA Caenorhabditis elegans dataset from the Illumina sequencing platform. These examples show that our method is highly sensitive for identifying known and novel miRNA genes.
Professional and Legal Challenges of Teaching Students with Disabilities in Postsecondary Education

With the passage of The Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), students with disabilities have legal supports for ‘reasonable accommodation’ with respect to physical accessibility, programs, and services. As a result, the number of students with disabilities who are enrolling at the postsecondary level has increased dramatically. The paper focuses on the challenges that faculty and administration have to face in meeting the needs of students with disabilities in postsecondary education and the reasonable accommodations that they could adapt to make education more meaningful to students with disabilities.
New equalizer targets for sampled magnetic recording systems

In high density magnetic recording, signals are often equalized to a partial response target of the form (1-D)(1+D)/sup n/ and then detected by a Viterbi detector using Euclidean distance. The authors use the ideas presented by L.C. Barbosa (1989) to estimate the performance degradation of several different equalizer targets for a tape channel, for a thin film disk channel, and for an ideal Lorentzian channel at a range of densities. The target 1+0.25D-0.75D/sup 2/-0.5D/sup 3/ is shown to outperform the EPR4 target over a large range of densities. It is shown that in the absence of coding there exists little opportunity for performance improvements beyond those found with this target. >
The history and technical capabilities of Argus

Over the past 25 years, optical remote sensing has been developed into a very useful tool for sampling the nearshore environment, principally through the use of Argus Stations. However, the capabilities of such systems as scientific tools depend on an understanding of the physics of the camera as an optical sensor (including a detailed knowledge of accuracies and resolution) and of the relationship of optical signals to the geophysical signals they represent. This paper describes the components of Argus Stations with an emphasis on quantitative characterization of the accuracies and resolution of system components. Algorithms for estimation of a range of important nearshore measurements are discussed and their accuracies and ground-truth test results referenced. References to a number of key examples of Argus-based contributions to the scientific literature are cited. Since Argus technology serves as the basis for the CoastView Program, the technical capabilities described below are part of the foundation of CoastView sampling.
Type 5 Phosphodiesterase Inhibition The Focus Shifts to the Heart

Of the molecules that transmit an extracellular message to alter cardiomyocyte physiology, the cyclic nucleotides are among the better understood as regulators of cell function. The relatively recent identification of nitric oxide (NO) as a stimulus of cGMP production by soluble guanyl cyclase,1 as well as of the natriuretic peptides as a stimulating membrane-bound guanylate cyclase,2 has led to increasing interest in the study of the effects of modulating intracellular cGMP, with most interest being in the area of vascular biology. Studies of the myocardial effects of altering intracellular cGMP have been less extensive, perhaps because systemic agents that affect cGMP levels are often vasodilatory, and their administration is accompanied by changes in blood pressure that can limit the ability to observe myocardial effects. Both cAMP, the second messenger of the β-adrenergic signaling system, and cGMP have a rapid intracellular turnover as a result of the balance between their formation by cyclases and their degradation by phosphodiesterases (PDEs). In this issue of Circulation , Borlaug and colleagues use load-independent measures of contractility to assess the myocardial effects of an agent (sildenafil) that increases intracellular cGMP levels by inhibiting its degradation.3 Article p 2642 In myocardial cells, cGMP has a several intracellular targets that may alter contractility and diastolic function. cGMP can activate a cGMP-dependent cAMP PDE, decreasing myocardial cAMP levels and thereby leading to a reduction of cAMP-dependent phosphorylation of the L-type calcium channels and of calcium influx.4 cGMP can also depress cAMP production by inhibiting adenylate cyclase.5 Furthermore, a cGMP-dependent protein kinase can also directly decrease the magnitude of calcium influx through the L-type channels.6 In addition, a separate cGMP-dependent protein kinase can phosphorylate troponin I, which results in a decreased sensitivity of the contractile apparatus to calcium.7 The phosphorylation of troponin …
The Scotopic Sensitivity Tester-1 and the detection of early age-related macular degeneration.

Purpose: Previous research shows that dark adaptation is a marker of early age-related macular degeneration (ARMD), even when visual acuity remains good. This study evaluates whether a commercially available, off-the-shelf device for measuring dark adaptation, the Scotopic Sensitivity Tester-1 (SST-1), which uses a full-field stimulus, detects early ARMD as defined by fundus appearance. Fundus appearance is the gold standard method for defining the presence of ARMD. Methods: Dark adaptation was measured using the SST-1 in 12 young adults (mean age 23 years), 17 old adults with normal retinal health (mean age 69) and 19 old adults with early ARMD (mean age 74). Normal retinal health and presence of early ARMD were defined by masked grading of dilated fundus photographs using the Wisconsin Age-Related Maculopathy Grading System. Results: Older adults in normal retinal health exhibited slower dark adaptation as compared with young adults. No difference in the rate of dark adaptation was found between early ARMD patients and older adults in normal retinal health. Conclusions: Although the SST-1 differentiated between young and older adults, it failed to detect dark adaptation abnormalities in early ARMD when referenced against older adults in normal retinal health. This may be attributable to the full-field stimulation used by the SST-1, which may be better suited for characterizing retinal degenerations affecting large retinal areas than for focal macular diseases like ARMD.
Robust output feedback controller: indirect design

In this sequel (see Chen 1987), two classes of controllers are constructed for uncertain dynamical systems using measured output via an indirect design approach.
Transport properties of members of the ZIP family in plants and their role in Zn and Mn homeostasis

A better understanding of the role of the Arabidopsis ZIP family of micronutrient transporters is necessary in order to advance our understanding of plant Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu homeostasis. In the current study, the 11 Arabidopsis ZIP family members not yet well characterized were first screened for their ability to complement four yeast mutants defective in Zn, Fe, Mn, or Cu uptake. Six of the Arabidopsis ZIP genes complemented a yeast Zn uptake-deficient mutant, one was able partially to complement a yeast Fe uptake-deficient mutant, six ZIP family members complemented an Mn uptake-deficient mutant, and none complemented the Cu uptake-deficient mutant. AtZIP1 and AtZIP2 were then chosen for further study, as the preliminary yeast and in planta analysis suggested they both may be root Zn and Mn transporters. In yeast, AtZIP1 and AtZIP2 both complemented the Zn and Mn uptake mutants, suggesting that they both may transport Zn and/or Mn. Expression of both genes is localized to the root stele, and AtZIP1 expression was also found in the leaf vasculature. It was also found that AtZIP1 is a vacuolar transporter, while AtZIP2 is localized to the plasma membrane. Functional studies with Arabidopsis AtZIP1 and AtZIP2 T-DNA knockout lines suggest that both transporters play a role in Mn (and possibly Zn) translocation from the root to the shoot. AtZIP1 may play a role in remobilizing Mn from the vacuole to the cytoplasm in root stellar cells, and may contribute to radial movement to the xylem parenchyma. AtZIP2, on the other hand, may mediate Mn (and possibly Zn) uptake into root stellar cells, and thus also may contribute to Mn/Zn movement in the stele to the xylem parenchyma, for subsequent xylem loading and transport to the shoot.
Religious Placemaking and Community Building in Diaspora

Community and loss of community have received much scholarly attention, whereas community formation and placemaking have been less well studied. Similarly, several studies have documented the role ...