cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Areas beneath the relative operating characteristics (ROC) and relative operating levels (ROL) curves: Statistical significance and interpretation

The areas beneath the relative (or receiver) operating characteristics (ROC) and relative operating levels (ROL) curves can be used as summary measures of forecast quality, but statistical significance tests for these areas are conducted infrequently in the atmospheric sciences. A development of signal-detection theory, the ROC curve has been widely applied in the medical and psychology fields where significance tests and relationships to other common statistical methods have been established and described. This valuable literature appears to be largely unknown to the atmospheric sciences where applications of ROC and related techniques are becoming more common. This paper presents a survey of that literature with a focus on the interpretation of the ROC area in the field of forecast verification. We extend these foundations to demonstrate that similar principles can be applied to the interpretation and significance testing of the ROL area. It is shown that the ROC area is equivalent to the Mann–Whitney U-statistic testing the significance of forecast event probabilities for cases where events actually occurred with those where events did not occur. A similar derivation shows that the ROL area is equivalent to the Mann–Whitney U-statistic testing the magnitude of events with respect to whether or not an event has been forecast. Because the Mann–Whitney U-statistic follows a known probability distribution, under certain assumptions it can be used to define the statistical significance of ROC and ROL areas and for comparing the areas of competing forecasts. For large samples the significance of either measure can be accurately assessed using a normal-distribution approximation. Copyright © 2002 Royal Meteorological Society
Defining core competencies of an instructional technologist

Development of effective learning environments in an efficient manner is the goal of instructional development. The process of instructional development in highly complex learning situations requires that instructional technologists be competent in three basic core knowledge areas. This article defines the competency requirements for instructional technologists. Competency in the areas of educational foundations, ISD methodology, and ID process would improve learning and reduce the overall risk in the field of technology-based learning. Included in this article is a worksheet (Appendix) to help the reader rate his or her own competency.
Two Gay Men Seeking Two Lesbians: An Analysis of Xinghun (Formality Marriage) Ads on China’s Tianya.cn

China has an estimated 30 million gay population, many of whom marry unknowing heterosexual partners due to family and societal pressure. Some pursue an alternative by entering Xinghun, also known as formality marriage or fake marriage, between a gay man and a lesbian. Such relationships are asexual and formulated solely for familial, social, and reproductive purposes. Analyzing 150 Xinghun ads posted on Tianya.cn, this is an exploratory study of an unique relationship behavior, to shed light on the lived experiences of this traditionally voiceless minority group. The qualitative theme analysis found that the ads emphasized some traits that are consistent with traditional Chinese values such as filial piety, compatibility, and traditional gender roles. The ads also showed the advertisers negotiating ways for their private sexual identity and public social identity to coexist. On the one hand, clarity in one’s sexual orientation and the commitment to one’s same-sex relationship was offered and sought after as a desirable trait; on the other hand, the advertisers emphasized that they did not live the stereotypical gay lifestyle and that they were private about their sexual preference. The ads illustrate the existence of a subculture of Chinese gays and lesbians, trying to cope with heteronormative social and cultural expectations, and to negotiate between the public and the private, between sexual activities and sexual identity, and between “playing gay” and “being gay.” Future research directions are discussed.
Hepatic transplantation into sensitized recipients. Demonstration of hyperacute rejection.

Etude experimentale sur rats. Sur 10 receveurs presensibilises, 9 sont morts dans les 4 h suivant la transplantation, avec hemorragies de la surface du foie. La mort n'est pas due a une coagulopathie ni a un echec technique. L'aspect du foie est different de celui de foies rejetes au bout de quelques jours chez des rats non sensibilises. Le rejet suraigu comporte dans le parenchyme des hemorragies, œdemes, congestion et necroses, et pas d'infiltration cellulaire
Social marketing of condoms is great, but we need more free condoms.

The social-marketing condom campaign The Three Amigos is a welcome advance in the effort to popularise condom use. On the basis of the success of other campaigns to advertise condoms The Three Amigos campaign is likely to boost condom use. However no matter how enthusiastically we advertise condoms they cannot be used for protection if they are not available. The greatest obstacle to prevention of HIV transmission in many parts of the world is that there simply are not enough condoms around. Condoms are so effective at preventing the spread of sexually transmitted disease that if they were consistently used the spread of HIV would be a mere trickle rather than the deluge that it is. When used consistently the 90–95% effectiveness of condoms exceeds that of many vaccines including cholera (66%) influenza (70–90%) and varicella (70–90%). In an HIV epidemic that is wiping out entire generations in some countries we should give first priority to ensuring that everyone who needs a condom has one. (excerpt)
Ultrasonic Surgical Aspiration to Treat Genital Condyloma Acuminata in Children

We report on the technique of ultrasonic surgical aspiration for the treatment of genital condyloma acuminata in three prepubertal girls. All surgical procedures were done under general anesthesia, and no patient required hospitalization. Adequate samples for pathologic evaluation were obtained. This technique resulted in minimal discomfort, rapid healing, and no scarring.
Fragmentation Patterns in Land Reform Settlements in the Brazilian Amazon

Direct action land reform (DALR) and settlement formation are new drivers of deforestation in the Brazilian Amazon. However, until now no research has paid attention to fragmentation patterns and the social processes that lead to them. This article analyzes two types of settlements, spontaneous and social movement organization-led settlements. The study uses neutral landscape models (NLMs) to compare simulated landscapes with the real fragmentation patterns found in DALR settlements. In sequence, the article uses landscape metrics to analyze the temporal and spatial dynamics of fragmentation patterns in these two types of DALR settlements. Results showed that there are significant differences between real landscape patterns and simulated landscapes using NLMs. In other words, human interferences did play a significant role in shaping deforestation patches in DALR settlements. Our metric results revealed a process in which deforestation patch mean area, shape complexity, and physical connectedness increase...
An exploration of menu techniques using a 3D game input device

Existing work on menu techniques has shown linear menus to be less efficient and reliable for menuing tasks when compared to radial menus. With the rise in popularity of 3D spatial interaction in console gaming, such as the Nintendo Wii, it is important to determine whether the existing findings still hold true when using a 3D pointing device such as the Wii Controller. Linear menus were compared with two other menu techniques: radial menus and rotary menus. Effectiveness was measured through task completion time and the number of task errors. A subjective measure was also taken to determine participant preferences. Participants performed faster and made fewer errors when using the radial menu technique. Radial menus were also preferred by participants. These results indicate that radial menus are an effective menu technique when used with a 3D pointing device. This appears to agree with previous work regarding radial menus and indicates that the usage of radial menus in gaming applications should be investigated further.
PROMOTING ACTIVITIES OF THE C-9 OXIDIZED METABOLITES OF N-2-FLUORENYLACETAMIDE IN LIVER CARCINOGENESIS IN THE RAT

The promoting potential of the C-9 oxidized metabolites of N-2-fluorenylacetamide (2-FAA) was examined and compared to that of the promoter 2-FAA in the two-stage hepatocarcinogensis system Male Sprague Dawley rats were initiated with a single intraperitoneal injection of diethylnitrosamine at 200 mg/kg of body weight (b.wt.). One, 2 and 5 weeks thereafter rats were given by gavage 5 doses per week of 2-FAA (0.05 mmol/kg of b.wt.), 9-hydroxy- or 9-oxo-2-FAA (0.05 and 0.1 mmol/kg of b.wt.) or the vehicle polyethylene glycol 400 (2 ml/kg of b.wt.). All rats underwent partial (70%) hepatectomy on day 3 after 5 initial doses. Following treatment with 2FAA, 9-hydroxy-or 9-oxo-2-FAA, the levels of gamma-glutamyl-transpeptidase activity and placental glutathione S-transferase (GST-P) were increased in the livers proportional to the increased numbers of foci of GST-P positive hepatocytes. The activities of the C-9 oxidized compounds were dose-dependent since treatment at 0.1 mmol/kg of b.wt. resulted in -2-fold greater effects than that at 0.05 mmol/kg of b.wt. The incidences of hepatocellular carcinoma increased with time after treatment and the relative order of potency was: 2-FAA>9-oxo-2-FAA>9-hydroxy-2-FAA. These data combined with our earlier evidence for preferential oxidations of 2-FAA at C-9 by hepatic microsomes of male Sprague Dawley rats support the significance of these metabolites as a promoting stimuli in liver carcinogenesis by 2-FAA.
Regional growth and migration: a Japan-United States comparison.

Abstract Do poor economies grow faster than rich ones? This important economic question (which we call β-convergence) is analyzed in this paper using two regional data sets: 47 prefectures in Japan and 48 states of the United States. We find clear evidence of convergence in both countries: poor prefectures and states grow faster. We also find that there is intraregional as well as interregional convergence. We analyze the cross-sectional standard deviation across perfectures and states. We find that in both countries there has been a long term decline (a phenomenon that we call θ-convergence). Finally we study the determinants of the rates of regional in-migration and, again, find striking similarities. In both countries, the reaction of net in-migration rates to the log of initial income is slightly above 0.025, which indicates a slow (although very significant) speed of population adjustment to income differentials. We find little evidence in favor of the argument that population movements are the reason why we find convergence across economies.
Erectile dysfunction following minimally invasive treatments for prostate cancer.

Abstract Objectives. Cryosurgical ablation of the prostate (CSAP) and interstitial radiotherapy (IR) are relatively new procedures intended to be less invasive than radical prostatectomy for the treatment of prostate cancer. Despite absence of long-term or intermediate data on efficacy, many patients choose one of these therapies because they presume their potency will be maintained. We report our experience with CSAP, IR, and post-procedure erectile dysfunction. Methods. Global sexual assessments were made at 12 months after therapy in 28 CSAP patients, and at 18 months in 37 IR patients. Each patient was contacted by telephone following his procedure. The patients were asked several questions regarding their sexual function both preoperatively and postoperatively. The questionnaire was administered only to the patient. Results. Twenty-eight of 36 patients who underwent CSAP responded to the questionnaire (78%). Twenty patients were potent preoperatively (71%). The mean age of the potent group was 69 years (range 54 to 82). Following therapy, 2 of these patients (10%) reported potency at 12 months. Thirty-seven of 42 patients who underwent IR responded to the questionnaire (88%). Twenty-seven were potent preoperatively (73%). The mean age of the potent group was 70 years (range 56 to 83). The mean follow-up was 18 months (range 5 to 36). Following therapy, 15 patients reported potency (55%). All of the patients who reported potency felt that the quality of their erections had decreased following radiation. Conclusions. Our short-term results with IR and CSAP suggest a significant adverse effect on erectile function. Our results suggest that enhanced preservation of potency should not be used as an enticement in the promotion of IR or CSAP.
The Dimensions of Segregation Revisited

In this article the authors replicate and extend the methodological analysis of Massey and Denton (1988), which conceptualized residential segregation as a multidimensional construct with five axes of spatial variation: evenness, exposure, concentration, centralization, and clustering. To reproduce their work, the authors of this article factor analyzed 20 indexes of segregation computed in 1990 for three groups in 58 metropolitan areas. They extended Massey and Denton's analysis by expanding the set of metropolitan areas to include all 318 defined for 1990, and they broadened it by carrying out systematic comparisons across ethnic groups. This study's analyses reconfirm the multidimensional nature of residential segregation; however, the authors also find that the indexes recommended by Massey and Denton to measure concentration and clustering do not function quite as well in 1990 as in 1980. Alternative indexes are considered as possibilities, but in the end, using the same indexes is recommended to mai...
Wettability of Kaolinite Treated with Ammonia. Methylanline, Ethylamine. or Their Corresponding Cations

Equations developed from simplifying assumptions related the flow rate of water into kaolinite plugs to the clay-water contact angle, and showed that the wettabilities were reduced by ammonium, methylammonium, or ethylammonium as exchangeable cations, or by ammonia, methyl-amine, or ethylamine as physically held adsorbates. Poorly crystalline kaolinites were especially affected by these cations. Both the exchangeable cations and the crystal surfaces between the exchange sites influenced wettability. These surfaces, unless partly or completely covered by ammonia or amines, enhanced wettability when crystallinity was poor. Ethylamine markedly decreased the wettability of kaolinite with good crystallinity, probably because it was difficult to displace from cavities in the stacklike crystals. Kaolinite with montmorillonite behaved anomalously.
PCI compliance: Overcoming the challenges

This study reviews the progress made by the introduction of the Payment Card Industry (PCI) compliance rules in the USA. Available data indicate that compliance has grown but several issues remain unresolved. These are identified within, along with an analysis of the feasibility of several solutions to the challenges that have hampered compliance with the Payment Card Industry rules. These solutions are evaluated by the extent to which they can help the merchants meet their business objectives while still safeguarding the credit card data. The first solution involves upgrading the current PCI standards as suggested by the PCI council. The second solution would require moving the burden of credit card information storage to the credit card companies and member banks, as suggested by the National Retail Federation. A third option reflects a socially responsible approach that protects the interests of all stakeholders. The study concludes by suggesting the way forward.
Fiberoptic Bronchopulmonary Lavage for Alveolar Proteinosis in a Patient with Only One Lung

Bronchopulmonary lavage with a fiberoptic bronchoscope was performed on a patient with alveolar proteinosis and only one lung. Lavage was performed under general anesthesia with continuous monitoring of oxygen saturation. Sequential washing of subsegments of his right upper and middle lobes did not compromise gas exchange to the remaining lower lobe. The patient tolerated the procedure without difficulty and had rapid improvement in pulmonary function and exercise capability, persisting during two months of follow-up. The necessity for cardiopulmonary bypass to provide oxygenation was anticipated and new equipment was designed should it have been required.
Optimality with a finite number of trajectory penalties

Abstract The state of a continuous system most naturally enters the performance index as a discrete sum if there is a finite set of observation times, or if there are only a few key times over which errors really matter. Such continuous-discrete problems are studied here for linear plants under a broad class of continuous metrics on control and summed metrics on trajectory error. The approach is through the dual optimization problem and alignment properties of the primal and dual solution. The dual problem, is often more attractive computationally than the primal, and is always finite-dimensional as opposed to the infinite-dimensional primal problem. Occasionally the dual problem has a straightforward analytical solution, as in the case of the quadratic continuous-discrete regulator. In any case, information on the structure of the primal control is available through the transformation even before the dual problem is solved. Three examples are detailed involving L1, L2 and L∞ measures on trajectory errors.
Nanoscale Cage-like Structures Derived from Polyisoprene-Containing Shell Cross-linked Nanoparticle Templates

Hollowed materials of nanoscopic dimensions offer exciting possibilities in a number of fields such as therapeutics and imaging. The production of nanoscopic cage-like materials is described, based upon the excavation of shell cross-linked nanoparticle (SCK) templates. This report focuses upon extensive characterization of the ozonolysis reaction conditions used to degrade the core material, which demonstrates that thirty minutes of ozone treatment is optimal. The resulting nanocage is also shown to undergo pH tunable hydrodynamic diameter variations and to demonstrate a loss of hydrophobic guest interactions, relative to the SCK precursors.
Executive functioning and predictors of falls in the rehabilitation setting

Abstract Objective: To examine the incremental utility of executive function tests in the prediction of inpatient falls. Design: Evaluation of neuropsychologic and medical risk factors for fall was completed at admission. Inpatient falls were tabulated following discharge. Setting: A freestanding, urban rehabilitation hospital. Patients: Ninety consecutive admissions to traumatic brain injury, orthopedic, and spinal cord injury wards. Age of the participants ranged from 17 to 73 years old. Main Outcome Measure: Incident reports of inpatient falls. Results: Standard multiple regression analyses indicated that measures of executive functioning sensitive to self-monitoring accounted for unique variance in falls beyond that explained by age and functional motor ability as assessed by the Functional Independence Measure. Visuospatial functioning, although not directly related to falls, was a significant predictor in combination with measures of executive functioning. Together, these variables accounted for 30.3% of the variance in inpatient falls (multiple r = .55; p Conclusion: The findings suggest that the influence of motor and sensory impairments on falls are moderated, in part, by executive functioning. Patients with intact executive functioning are less likely to act in ways that could result in a fall; thus, aggressive fall prevention measures may be unnecessary. In contrast, executive dysfunction may signal the need for intervention, even among patients whose profiles are unremarkable with regard to traditional risk factors for fall.
In vivo biocompatibility studies of medisorb® 65/35 D,L-lactide/glycolide copolymer microspheres

Abstract The in vivo biocompatibility testing of 65/35 lactide/glycolide copolymer microspheres in rats was evaluated by histological techniques. In order to characterize the tissue response to these degradable implants, the general tissue reactions at the implant site and also the cell types at the microsphere/tissue interface were determined. Throughout a 150-day implantation period, mild inflammation and unimpaired wound healing were observed. At the microsphere/tissue interface, the observed cell types were macrophages, foreign body giant cells, and fibroblasts. The predominant cell type was the macrophage at 15 days. Thereafter, foreign body giant cells became the predominant cell type, and only macrophages were present at later time periods. This phenomena was considered to be the result of a change in microsphere size by biodegradation. At 150 days, the vast majority of the microspheres were completely degraded, the inflammatory response was minimal, and no adverse tissue reaction was observed. Thus, these materials were regarded as biocompatible from implantation until biodegradation.
Ion dynamics studies of liquid and glassy silicates, and gas-in-liquid solutions

We give a brief review of ion dynamics studies of liquid and glassy states of SiO2 and silicate colutions which have been carried out in recent years in this laboratory. We summarize studies on SiO2, Na+ migration in Na2O·SiO2 in the “glassy state”, and ionic coordination in multicomponent framework silicates. We present new results on the coordination of Al3+ in albite as a function of pressure and show that it is consistent with results of laboratory studies on albite glasses formed at high pressure. We compare calculated PVT data for jadeite, albite and diopside and relate the behavior of the low pressure compressibility to the spinodal limit at negative pressures. Some preliminary studies of inert gas solution in jadeite and of CO2 solution in a glass having a composition of approximately Na2O·3SiO2 are described.
The effect of Acremonum coenophalum on intake and digestibility of tall fescue hay horses

Summary Four mature Quarter Horse geldings were used in a crossover experiment to determine whetherAcremonium co- enophialum affects the intake and digestibility of tall fescue hay for horses. The geldings were paired by weight and the pairs were randomly assigned to treatments; one pair received infected (E) hay and the other received uninfected (NE) hay. The geldings were placed in tie stalls for a 14d intake study before being moved to metabolism stalls for a 5d adjustment period and a 7d digestibility trial. During the intake study the geldings were given ad libitum access to the hay, water and a trace mineralized (TM) salt brick. Weights were recorded for each gelding at the beginning of the intake study and at the end of the subsequent collection period. During the adjustment and collection periods, the geldings continued to receive ad libitum access to water and TM salt bricks, but were fed at a constant intake level of 8.64 kg hay/day. Urine was collected daily. Grab samples of hay were taken during both studies. After the first collection period, the horses were allowed three days of rest in a pasture before being returned to tie stalls for the second part of the experiment. Treatments were switched between the pairs for the second half of the experiment in a crossover design. Serum samples were taken weekly and analyzed for prolactin and dopamine levels. Aliquots of hay, feces and urine were analyzed for Kjeldahl-N, long chain fatty acids and gross energy content. Hay and feces were analyzed for DM and neutral detergent fiber (NDF). There was no difference (P>.05) between treatments for average daily intake or weight loss; however, average daily intake trended lower and weight loss trended higher in E geldings than n NE geldings. Crude protein, DM, NDF and long chain fatty acid digestibilities were similar (P>.05) between treatments; how- ever, serum dopamine trended higher and serum prolactin trended lower for E geldings than NE geldings. These data suggest that the endophyte infected tall fescue hay may be less digestible than uninfected hay in horses.
A Review of Level 2 Parent-Report Instruments Used to Screen Children Aged 1.5–5 for Autism: A Meta-Analytic Update

The present study utilized meta-analytic procedures to estimate the diagnostic validity of instruments used to screen young children, ages 1.5–5 years, for autism. Five scales met inclusion criteria, and data from 18 studies contributed the meta-analysis. Results revealed that 4 of 5 scales met criteria for “good” validity, including two broad band scales (instruments not restricted to screening for autism). The current results suggest that validity differences might be a function of how instruments sample across the DSM content domains. Specifically, high validity instruments included a higher proportion of items assessing social interaction skills. The availability of valid broad- and narrow-band instruments, as well as implications for constructing future screening instruments, is discussed.
Setting up 13C CP/MAS experiments

The C-13 cross-polarization (CP) technique combined with magic angle spinning (MAS) has become one of the more commonly performed solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) experiments. The basics of initially setting up the experiment are given and used to illustrate such NMR phenomena as rotational echoes, homogeneous and inhomogeneous interactions, continuous wave H-1 decoupling, and coupling of quadrupolar N-14 nuclei to C-13 nuclei. The polarization transfer from the protons to the carbons is described briefly with the usual thermodynamic and quantum mechanical models. The setup and use of the experiment for routine analyses are discussed. (C) 2004 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Section 4 comparative systems of health care

Abstract Many studies on isolated health care systems, using emic or etic perspectives and focusing on historical or contemporary issues, have resulted in a great number of publications. Yet, the comparison of the data accumulated is not an easy task. While research in the history of Western medicine has provided detailed knowledge about personalities and dates of “progress”, as well as accurately translated or edited classic texts, very little comparable material exists on non-Western historical therapy systems. As to contemporary settings, a separation of labor between anthropologists, studying preferably non-Western, homogeneous communities, and sociologists, focusing on certain segments of health care in complex, industrialized societies, has created two very different sets of data. Only recently have sociological approaches been applied to non-industrialized societies and have anthropologists entered complex civilizations. This development, though, raises the question whether those anthropologists who emphasize the concept of “culture” as the prime independent variable shaping a medical system, are sufficiently equipped to approach pluralistic settings and to explain change. Attempts by some scholars to elaborate “comprehensive models of medicine as cultural systems” seem to justify these doubts. In this regard, the tendency towards creating “Medical Anthropology” as a discipline in its own right may be of questionable value. Comparative research in health care has been and, probably, will be pursued on the basis of differing interests, ranging from a goal of changing certain habits to the support of social revolution. Efforts to establish one specialized discipline or to develop one comprehensive theory for the comparative analysis of medical systems may, therefore, not be very meaningful.
Singular integral equations— the convergence of the gauss-jacobi quadrature method

The numerical solution of Singular Integral Equations of Cauchy-type at a discrete set of points ti is obtained through discretization of the original equation with the Gauss-Jacobi quadrature. The natural or Nystrom's interpolation formula is used to approximate the solution of the equation for points different from ti. Uniform convergence of the interpolation formula is shown for C 1 functions. Finally, error bounds are derived, and for C∞ functions it is shown that Nystrom's formula converges faster than Lagrange's interpolation polynomials.
Lobar holoprosencephaly presenting as spastic diplegia.

UMMARY A child with lobar holoprosencephaly presented with spastic diplegia and mild mental retardation, compounded by attention deficits and hyperactivity. His facial features were normal, and except for borderline microcephaly, there were no other predictors of holoprosencephaly. This patient represents the mild end of the spectrum of the holoprosencephaly malformation complex, which seems to be under-represented in the medical literature. Holoprosencephaly does not appear to have been described previously in association with spastic diplegia. This patient also illustrates the value of CT scans of the head of patients with neurological findings, without specific etiology. RESUME Holoprosencephalie lobaire a type de diplegie spastique Un enfant porteur d'une holoprosencephalie lobaire presentait une diplegie spastique et un retard mental modere, associea un deficit d'attention et une instabilite. Ses formes faciales etaient normales, et a l'exception d'une microcephalie limite, il n'y avait pas d'autres predicteurs d'holoprosencephalie. Ce malade presentait un tableau a l'extremite mineure du spectre du complexe malformatif d'holoprosencephalie, qui semble etres sous-represente dans la litterature medicale. L'holoprosencephalie ne semble pas avoir ete decrite anterieurement en association avec la diplegie spastique. Ce cas illustre egalement la valeur du scanner de la tete chez les malades porteurs de Symptomes neurologiques, sans etiologie specifique. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Lobare Holoprosencephalie im Erscheinungsbild einer spastischen Diplegie Ein Kind mit einer lobaren Holoprosencephalie zeigte klinisch eine spastische Diplegie und eine leichte geistige Retardierung, sowie Konzentrationsschwache und Hyperaktivitat. Die Gesichtszuge waren normal und auser einer grenzwertigen Mikrocephalie gab es keine Hinweise auf eine Holoprosencephalie. Dieser Patient reprasentiert die milde Form des Misbildungskomplexes der Holoprosencephalie, die in der medizinischen Literatur kaum vertreten ist. Holoprosencephalie scheint bisher noch nicht in Verbindung mit spastischer Diplegie beschrieben worden zu sein. Auserdem ist dieser Patient ein Beispiel fur, den Wert der CT-Scans des Kopfes bei Patienten mit neurologischen Befunden ohne spezifische Atiologie. RESUMEN Holoprosencefalia lobar evidenciada como una diplegia espastica Se presenta un nino con holoprosencefalia lobar con diplegia espastica y retraso mental moderado, junto con deficit de atencion e hiperactividad. Sus rasgos faciales eran normales y excepto por una microcefalia borderline, no habia ningun signo predictor de la holoprosencefalia. Este pacientes representa el extremo moderado del espectro del complejo malformativo de la holoprosencefalia, que parece estar sub-representado en la literatura medica. No parece que la holoprosencefalia haya sido descrita previamente asociada a diplegia espastica. Este paciente ademas ilustra el valor de la TAC cerebral de pacientes con hallazgos neurologicos sin una etiologia especifica.
Analyzing and improving performance scalability of commercial server workloads on a chip multiprocessor

A chip multiprocessor (CMP) with many low performance cores can achieve high performance or high performance/power for commercial server applications. The large number of hardware threads of a CMP with many low performance cores poses significant challenges to application developers in writing scalable applications. Many papers have assessed the architectural characteristics and the performance scalability, and some of them have identified lock contention as one of the scalability bottlenecks. However, there are few studies that resolved these problems, analyzed their causes, and compared the architectural characteristics before and after the scalability limitations were addressed. We analyzed and resolved some of the problems limiting the scalability of three commercial server applications with 64 hardware threads. We also did before and after comparisons of the architectural characteristics affected by the scalability enhancements, supporting the development of new processors. We addressed the lock contention with changes in the Java code. Our enhancements improved the performance scalability by up to 132%. We show that though the causes of lock contention are in different software layers, they share certain similarities and can be organized in three categories. Our comparisons reveal that the CPI and data TLB miss rates decrease, but the L2 data cache miss rates, L2 instruction cache miss rates, and memory traffic increase. These results suggest that we need to address the performance scalability problems of an application before we can accurately measure the architectural characteristics of a CMP.
Corner Wrinkling of a Square Membrane Due to Symmetric Mechanical Loads

Thin-film membrane structures are under consideration for use in many future gossamer spacecraft systems. Examples include sunshields for large aperture telescopes, solar sails, and membrane optics. The development of capabilities for testing and analyzing pre-tensioned, thin film membrane structures is an important and challenging aspect of gossamer spacecraft technology development. This paper presents results from experimental and computational studies performed to characterize the wrinkling behavior of thin-fi[m membranes under mechanical loading. The test article is a 500 mm square membrane subjected to symmetric comer loads. Data is presented for loads ranging from 0.49 N to 4.91 N. The experimental results show that as the load increases the number of wrinkles increases, while the wrinkle amplitude decreases. The computational model uses a finite element implementation of Stein-Hedgepeth membrane wrinkling theory to predict the behavior of the membrane. Comparisons were made with experimental results for the wrinkle angle and wrinkled region. There was reasonably good agreement between the measured wrinkle angle and the predicted directions of the major principle stresses. The shape of the wrinkle region predicted by the finite element model matches that observed in the experiments; however, the size of the predicted region is smaller than that determined in the experiments.
THE LIMITS OF STATE SUFFRAGE FOR CALIFORNIA WOMEN CANDIDATES IN THE PROGRESSIVE ERA

California women gained the right to run for the state legislature and Congress when they won the vote in 1911. Coming nine years before the Nineteenth Amendment enfranchised women nationally in 1920, this era of state enfranchisement appeared ripe for women9s electoral success. The ongoing national suffrage movement, the California Progressive Party, and the extensive network of California women9s clubs could all have worked to advance women9s candidacies. Instead, these factors created conditions that undermined women9s political ambitions. Not until 1918, when passage of a national suffrage amendment seemed imminent and the power of the Progressive Party in California faded, did women �nd success as candidates. Their delayed victories reveal the limits of state enfranchisement for women9s political power.
Constructing a doubt‐free teaching self: Self‐efficacy, teacher identity, and science instruction within diverse settings

This study examined the influence of field placements settings with varying demographic profiles on preservice elementary teachers. Data were gathered at three points during the participants' final year in their teacher preparation program in order to chart changes over time in science teaching self-efficacy beliefs. These measures were supplemented by interviews to investigate attitudes about teaching science in diverse settings. Gee's identity framework (2000) and the dimensions of teacher development described by Bullough et al. (Bullough et al. (2004) Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice 10:365-394) were employed as interpretive tools. Statistical analyses of teaching self- efficacy scores revealed marginal changes over time. Individual interviews revealed no discernible influence upon the teacher candidates' perceptions of science teaching selves that could be attributed to the demographics of their field placements. Emerging from this study was the previously underappreciated value of self-doubt as a factor in motivating preservice teachers. The findings call into question the tendency to use heightened teaching self-efficacy as an indicator of individual or programmatic success. This examination of preservice teacher development over the final year of a preparatory program, especially when considered in light of student diversity, demonstrates the soundness of Dewey's claim that uncertainty is a crucial component of learning and knowing. 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Res Sci Teach 46: 102-125, 2009
Cytotechnology Training in the United States: Challenges and Opportunities

Cytotechnology education in the United States is at a crossroads. Today's technology presents us with important and potentially profession-altering decisions. Will we continue to follow traditional models of cytology practice and educational policy, or, is it now time to reexamine our role as microscopists? We will soon have to decide whether Cytotechnologists will continue doing what they have been trained to do for over 50 years-to be cell morphologists and screeners, or whether they will evolve to become Cell Scientists, using all the diagnostic technologies available today and in the future.To predict what cytotechnology eduation in the United States should be in the future, it's helpful to look at current models of program structure, student demographics, and practice opportunities.
Immunoperoxidase staining for carcinoembryonic antigen in colonic carcinoma, osteosarcoma, and chordoma.

An indirect immunoperoxidase method was used in an attempt to detect carcino-embryonic antigen (CEA) in 17 well-differentiated colonic adenocarcinomas, five osteosarcomas, and four chordomas. Fifteen of the adenocarcinomas were positive, and five of them had been fixed and embedded in 1952 and one in 1942. Two other adenocarcinomas from 1942 were not positive. CEA was not demonstrated in any of the osteosarcomas or chordomas.
Some methods of analysis of a probe-fed microstrip disk antenna

The authors present three methods (with increasing complexity) of incorporating the gap capacitance of the probe basis into the input impedance calculation of a probe-fed antenna. They are the variational formula, the mode-matching method, and the mode-matching method with a diaphragm. It is noted that in the previous approach the gap capacitance of the probe base that shunts the input impedance of the microstrip antenna is not included in the input impedance. Under the single-mode approximation, the mode-matching methods are identical to the variational formula. However, when a diaphragm is present, the single-mode approximation is insufficient. Therefore, the variational formula is inaccurate when a diaphragm exists. The theory shows that the effect of the gap capacitance at the coaxial aperture on the input impedance of the microstrip antenna is important when the dielectric substrate is thick. The theories agree well with experimental data with no fudge factors. >
The counterbend phenomenon in dynein-disabled rat sperm flagella and what it reveals about the interdoublet elasticity.

Rat sperm that have been rendered passive by disabling the dynein motors with 50 mM sodium metavanadate and 0.1 mM ATP exhibit an interesting response to imposed bending. When the proximal flagellum is bent with a microprobe, the portion of the flagellum distal to the probe contact point develops a bend in the direction opposite the imposed bend. This ''counterbend'' is not compatible with a simple elastic beam. It can be satisfactorily explained by the sliding tubule model of flagellar structure but only if there are permanent elastic connections between the outer doublets of the axoneme. The elastic component that contributes the bending torque for the counterbend does not reset to a new equilibrium position after an imposed bend but returns the flagellum to a nearly straight or slightly curved final position after release from the probe. This suggests it is based on fixed, rather than mobile, attachments. It is also disrupted by elastase or trypsin digestion, confirming that it is dependent on a protein linkage. Adopting the assumption that the elasticity is attributed to the nexin links that repeat at 96 nm intervals, we find an apparent elasticity for each link that ranges from 1.6 to 10 3 10 � 5 N/m. However, the elasticity is nonlinear and does not follow Hooke's law but appears to decrease with increased stretch. In addition, the responsible elastic elements must be able to stretch to more than 10 times their resting length without breakage to account for the observed counterbend formation. Elasticity created by some type of protein unfolding may be the only viable explanation consistent with both the extreme capacity for extension and the nonlinear character of the restoring force that is observed.
Modeling Product Form Preference Using Gestalt Principles, Semantic Space, and Kansei

Engineers describe design concepts using design variables. Users develop their visual judgment of products by mentally grouping design variables according to Gestalt principles, extracting meaning using semantic dimensions and attaching attributes to the products, as reflected in Kansei methodology. The goal of this study was to assess how these different sources of information and representations of product form (design variables, Gestalt variables, Kansei attributes, and semantic dimensions) could combine to best predict product preference for both designers and users. Sixteen wheel rim designs were created using four design variables that were also combined into higher-order Gestalt variables. Sixty-four participants viewed each rim, and rated it according to semantic dimensions and Kansei attributes, and provided an overall “like” rating. The most reliable prediction of product preference were developed using Gestalt variables in combination with the meaning and emotion the users attached to the product. Finally, implications for designers are discussed.
The influence of double interspiking on production and behavior in broiler breeder flocks in elevated temperature conditions

Primary Audience: Researchers, Broiler Breeder Producers SUMMARY Broiler breeders experience a natural decline in fertility levels as a flock ages. A male management practice, such as double interspiking, could be applied to counteract this decline. To determine the impact of double interspiking on broiler breeder flocks, a study was conducted to monitor the production parameters of the flock and the behavioral expression of the males. Broiler breeders (288 females, 36 males) were housed in 3 rooms, with 1 room serving as a control and the other 2 used for double interspiking. Egg production, fertility, and hatchability were determined. Video recordings were conducted to assess the frequency of specific individual (preening, feather ruffling, wing flapping), male-to-male (fighting, pecking, retreating), and male-to-female (attempted and completed mating) behaviors. The use of double interspiking resulted in a fertility increase (P < 0.01) after the first interspike and a sustainment of fertility levels after the second interspike. Neither egg production nor hatchability was affected by this male management practice. The occurrence of male-to-male interactions increased, but there were no significant differences in male-to-female or individual-type behaviors. Regardless of treatment, there was a decrease in male-to-female behaviors as the birds aged.
Calcium-stimulated Cl−secretion in Calu-3 human airway cells requires CFTR

Human airway serous cells secrete antibiotic-rich fluid, but, in cystic fibrosis (CF), Cl−-dependent fluid secretion is impaired by defects in CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) Cl−chann...
Cluster Graphs as Abstractions for Constraint Satisfaction Problems

In a constraint satisfaction problem, the tightness of an individual constraint only describes the influence that the variables within its scope have on one another. Clusters provide a broader view; they are dense, tight subproblems within a problem. A set of clusters for a problem and the links between them provide an abstraction of it. That abstraction can be used to guide search, to curtail inference, and to provide explanations to the user. This work is a hybrid of global and local search, where local search creates an abstraction and then global search exploits it. Heuristics reference clusters to order variables and to propagate more thoughtfully with respect to them. Results are provided on a variety of challenging benchmark problems.
Methylated CpG island amplification and microarray (MCAM) for high-throughput analysis of DNA methylation

INTRODUCTIONThis protocol describes the use of methylated CpG island amplification (MCA) in combination with a microarray platform to analyze genome-wide DNA methylation in a high-throughput fashion. In this approach, termed MCAM, methylated CpG islands are selectively targeted using oligonucleotide adaptors after two rounds of digestion with a combination of methylation-sensitive and methylation-insensitive nucleases. They are then amplified using PCR. The resulting amplicons, representing the methylated fraction of the genome, are labeled with fluorochromes. Subsequently, a comparative hybridization of reference and test samples (typically normal and tumor DNA specimens) is done on a microarray platform.
Improvements in Network Parameter Error Identification via Synchronized Phasors

This paper is concerned about the identification of network parameter errors, which are known to bias the state estimation solution. Previously proposed parameter error identification techniques implicitly assume the availability of a set of conventional measurements. In this paper, it is first shown that identification of certain parameter errors based on such conventional measurements, no matter how redundant they are, may not always be possible. The paper then describes the need for phasor measurements to overcome this limitation and presents an identification method that requires the use of such measurements. Examples are also included to describe the application of the proposed method to a number of typical topologies and measurement configurations.