cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Beached Whales and Priests of God:: Kepler and the Cometary Spirit of 1607

This essay examines the cometary theory of Johannes Kepler and his claim that an “ethereal spirit” could lead a comet to appear at a providential place and time. In his account of the comet of 1607, Kepler suggested that a spirit served as a navigational principle that steered the comet on a particular course. I argue that this principle was an extension of Kepler’s celestial physics and part of his larger conception of causes at work in the heavens. I also explore the critical response Kepler received from the theological faculty at the University of Leipzig, where he planned to publish his account. I explain why Kepler turned to natural philosophy to resolve the opposition of his religious authorities and how this was received as a foreign incursion on Sacred Scripture. In my final analysis, I discuss whether Kepler ultimately abandoned spiritual principles in his cometary theory and arrived at a system of celestial physics that was fully free of animistic ideas.
“Maybe She Was Provoked” Exploring Gender Stereotypes About Male and Female Perpetrators of Intimate Partner Violence

The current study is concerned with the different types of gender stereotypes that participants may draw upon when exposed to news stories about intimate partner violence (IPV). We qualitatively analyzed open-ended responses examining four types of gender stereotypes-aggression, emotional, power and control, and acceptability of violence. We offer theoretical implications that extend past research on intimate terrorism and situational couple violence, the gender symmetry debate, and how stereotypes are formed. We also discuss practical implications for journalists who write stories about IPV and individuals who provide services to victims and perpetrators.
Plasma pyridoxal phosphate depletion by the carcinostatic procarbazine.

SummaryIntraperitoneal injection of the antitumor agent, procarbazine (MIH), produced a rapid and prolonged fall in plasma levels of pyridoxal phosphate in mice. A similar fall in plasma PALP followed administration of monomethylhydrazine, a postulated metabolite of MIH, and pyridoxal methylhydrazone. The effectiveness of the latter compound, a probable inhibitor of the pyridoxal kinase reaction, in depressing plasma PALP levels indicates a rapid turnover rate of plasma PALP. It appears likely that PALP depletion plays a role in the neurotoxic effects of this new chemotherapeutic agent.The authors are grateful to Hoffmann LaRoche Inc., Nutley, New Jersey, for supplying N-isopropyl-α-(2-methylhydrazino)-p-toluamide hydrochloride (RO-4-6467/1).
Sythesis and crystal structure of [CuI(Hna)]_n bearing 1D staircase chain [CuI]_n

The coordination polymer [CuI(Hna)]n(Hna=nicotinic acid),containing a 1D staircase chain [CuI]_n,was synthesised using of vaccum sealed-tube method from the reaction of pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid with CuI.A new ligand of nicotinic acid(Hna)was formed from the decarboxylation of pyridine-2,3-dicarboxylic acid.The product was characterized by IR,elemental analysis and X-ray single crystal diffraction analysis.The results of X-ray single-crystal diffraction analysis of the title complex show that the crystal crystallizes in triclinic system,space group P-1,cell parameters:a=0.42020(10)nm,b=0.78661(14)nm,c=1.31179(18)nm,α=85.623(2)°,β=87.101(2)°,γ=76.0660(10)°,V=0.41937(14)nm3,Z=2.In the title complex,the Cu(I)ion is four-coordinated by one N atom of nicotinic acid and three μ3-I,forming a distorted tetrahedron geometry.The neighboring 1D staircase chains are further connected by hydrogen bonds to from a two-dimensional supramolecular struction.
The project of frequency based on CPLD

In the areas of detection is often used in perfumes, but the traditional test of frequency in frequency as a great many faults. This design adopts the zero, and frequency of the cycle of digital frequency of use monolithic integrated circuits design, the programming through the valve modules, synchronization control and data processing and real-time the function, and use of the programmable logic devices cpld ( complex programmable logic device ) online programming, the frequency of logic to control functions, count, etc. This design overcomed the traditional frequency as is the test of frequency of changes in the whole area will remain constant frequency of accuracy tests.
Segregation of Germ-Line-Specific Antigens During Embryogenesis in Caenorhabditis Elegans

Germ cells in a wide variety of invertebrate and vertebrate species contain distinctive cytoplasmic organelles that have been visualized by electron microscopy. The ubiliquity of such structures suggests that they play some role in germ-line determination or differentiation, or both. However, the nature and function of these structures remain unknown. We describe experiments with two types of immunologic probes, rabbit sera and mouse monoclonal antibodies, directed against cytoplasmic granules that are unique to germ-line cells in the nematode, Caenorhabditis elegans, and that may correspond to the germ-line-specific structures seen by electron microscopy in C. elegans embryos. The antibodies have been used to follow the granules, termed P granules, during the early embryonic cleavage stages and throughout larval and adult development. P granules become progressively localized to the germ-line precursor cells during early embryogenesis. We are using conditionally lethal maternal-effect mutations to study this localization process. In addition to providing a rapid assay for P granules in wild-type, mutant, and experimentally manipulated embryos, the antibodies also promise to be useful in biochemically characterizing the granules and in investigating their function.
SU-F-T-169: A Periodic Quality Assurance Program for a Spot-Scanning Proton Treatment Facility

Purpose: To develop daily and monthly quality assurance (QA) programs in support of a new spot-scanning proton treatment facility using a combination of commercial and custom equipment and software. Emphasis was placed on efficiency and evaluation of key quality parameters. Methods: The daily QA program was developed to test output, spot size and position, proton beam energy, and image guidance using the Sun Nuclear Corporation rf-DQA™3 device and Atlas QA software. The program utilizes standard Atlas linear accelerator tests repurposed for proton measurements and a custom jig for indexing the device to the treatment couch. The monthly QA program was designed to test mechanical performance, image quality, radiation quality, isocenter coincidence, and safety features. Many of these tests are similar to linear accelerator QA counterparts, but many require customized test design and equipment. Coincidence of imaging, laser marker, mechanical, and radiation isocenters, for instance, is verified using a custom film-based device devised and manufactured at our facility. Proton spot size and position as a function of energy are verified using a custom spot pattern incident on film and analysis software developed in-house. More details concerning the equipment and software developed for monthly QA are included in the supporting document. Thresholds for daily and monthly tests were established via perturbation analysis, early experience, and/or proton system specifications and associated acceptance test results. Results: The periodic QA program described here has been in effect for approximately 9 months and has proven efficient and sensitive to sub-clinical variations in treatment delivery characteristics. Conclusion: Tools and professional guidelines for periodic proton system QA are not as well developed as their photon and electron counterparts. The program described here efficiently evaluates key quality parameters and, while specific to the needs of our facility, could be readily adapted to other proton centers.
Xenotropic Murine Leukemia Virus-Related Virus (XMRV) and the Safety of the Blood Supply

In 2006, a new virus, xenotropic murine leukemia virus-related virus (XMRV), was discovered in a cohort of U.S. men with prostate cancer. Soon after this initial finding, XMRV was also detected in samples from patients with chronic fatigue syndrome (CFS). The blood community, which is highly sensitive to the threat of emerging infectious diseases since the HIV/AIDS crisis, recommended indefinite deferral of all blood donors with a history of CFS. As XMRV research progressed, conflicting results emerged regarding the importance of this virus in the pathophysiology of prostate cancer and/or CFS. Molecular biologists traced the development of XMRV to a recombination event in a laboratory mouse that likely occurred circa 1993. The virus was propagated via cell lines derived from a tumor present in this mouse and spread through contamination of laboratory samples. Well-controlled experiments showed that detection of XMRV was due to contaminated samples and was not a marker of or a causal factor in prostate cancer or CFS. This paper traces the development of XMRV in the prostate and CFS scientific communities and explores the effect it had on the blood community.
Emperor Yu's Great Flood

We know of the legendary Emperor Yu through the story of China's Great Flood, a tale already ancient when first recorded around 1000 BCE ( 1 ). On page 579 of this issue, Wu et al. offer a provocative new explanation for this story. They present evidence for an enormous landslide dam break 1922 ± 28 BCE ( 2 ) that coincided with the major cultural transition from the Late Neolithic to the Early Bronze Age in China and that also helps explain curious details of Yu's story.
The Network Architecture for Spectrum Trading

In this chapter, we first describe the motivation for the spectrum trading and briefly summarize the state-of-art research about spectrum trading. Then, we present the research challenges for the spectrum trading in multi-hop cognitive radio networks (CRNs). To address those challenges, we introduce a novel network architecture design for spectrum trading in multi-hop CRNs. The proposed CRN architecture design facilitates the opportunistic spectrum accessing of secondary users (SUs) without cognitive radio (CR) capability, helps to harvest and allocate the available spectrum in efficient way, improves the quality of services (QoS) of multi-hop CR communications, and provides possible approach to guarantee the economic properties of spectrum trading. Under this CRN architecture, we also give content outlines for the rest of the three chapters.
Number of appearances of events in random sequences: A new approach to non-overlapping runs

ABSTRACTDistributions of non-overlapping runs in multistate systems are derived using a new generating function (GF) approach, which has been applied previously mainly to exact length runs. By utilizing this method, univariate and multivariate joint distributions of non-overlapping runs are derived in a unified way. The GF approach also leads naturally to the asymptotic Gaussian distributions, with the mean, variance, and covariance linear in the size of the system.
BRILIA: Integrated Tool for High-Throughput Annotation and Lineage Tree Assembly of B-Cell Repertoires.

The somatic diversity of antigen-recognizing B-cell receptors (BCRs) arises from VDJ recombination and somatic hypermutation (SHM) during B cell development and affinity maturation. The VDJ junction of the BCR heavy chain forms the highly variable CDR3 region, which plays a critical role in antigen-specificity and binding affinity. Tracking the selection and mutation of the CDR3 region can be useful in characterizing humoral responses to infection and vaccination. Although tens to hundreds of thousands of unique BCR genes within an expressed B-cell repertoire can now be resolved with high-throughput sequencing, tracking SHMs is still challenging because existing annotation methods are often limited by poor annotation coverage, inconsistent SHM identification across the VDJ junction, or lack of B-cell lineage data. Here, we present BRILIA (B-cell repertoire inductive lineage and immunosequence annotator), an algorithm that leverages repertoire-wide sequencing data to globally improve the VDJ annotation coverage, lineage tree assembly, and SHM identification. On benchmark tests against simulated human and mouse BCR repertoires, BRILIA correctly annotated germline and clonally expanded sequences with 94% and 70% accuracy, respectively, and it has a 90% SHM positive prediction rate in the CDR3 region of heavily mutated sequences; these are substantial improvements over existing methods. We used BRILIA to process BCR sequences obtained from splenic germinal center B cells extracted from C57BL/6 mice. BRILIA returned robust B-cell lineage trees and yielded SHM patterns that are consistent across the VDJ junction and agree with known biological mechanisms of SHM. By contrast, existing BCR annotation tools, which do not account for repertoire-wide clonal relationships, systematically underestimated both the size of clonally related B cell clusters and yielded inconsistent SHM frequencies. We demonstrate BRILIA’s utility in B cell repertoire studies related to VDJ gene usage, mechanisms for adenosine mutations, and SHM hot spot motifs. Furthermore, we show that the complete gene usage annotation and SHM identification across the entire CDR3 are essential for studying the B cell affinity maturation process through immunosequencing methods.
Adjuvant Radiotherapy Use by US Radiation Oncologists After Radical Cystectomy for Muscle-invasive Bladder Cancer.

Abstract Aims Historic trials suggested significant toxicity with adjuvant radiotherapy (ART) after radical cystectomy for muscle-invasive bladder cancer (MIBC). However, recent trials have found improved locoregional control and the 2016 National Comprehensive Cancer Network (NCCN) guidelines recommend ART consideration for select patients at high risk of local recurrence. ART practice patterns among US radiation oncologists are unknown and we carried out a survey to explore current trends. Materials and methods We conducted a survey of US radiation oncologists regarding the management of patients with cT2-3N0M0 transitional cell MIBC. Responses were reported using descriptive statistics. Chi-square and univariate logistic regression of clinical and demographic covariates were conducted, followed by multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify factors predicting for ART use. Results In total, 277 radiation oncologists completed our survey. Nearly half (46%) have used ART for MIBC at least once in the past. In ART users, indications for ART include gross residual disease (93%), positive margins (92%), pathological nodal involvement (64%), pT3 or T4 disease (46%), lymphovascular invasion (16%) and high-grade disease (13%). On univariate logistic regression, ART use was associated with the number of years in practice ( P =0.04), pre-cystectomy radiation oncology consultation ( P =0.004), primarily treating MIBC patients fit for cystectomy ( P =0.01) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy use ( P =0.01). On multivariable logistic regression analysis, routine pre-cystectomy radiation oncology consultation (odds ratio 1.91, 95% confidence interval 1.04–3.51; P =0.04) and intensity-modulated radiotherapy use (odds ratio 2.77, 95% confidence interval 1.48–5.22; P =0.002) remained associated with ART use. Conclusions ART use is controversial in bladder cancer, yet unexpectedly has commonly been used among US radiation oncologists treating patients with MIBC after radical cystectomy. NRG-GU001 was a randomised trial in the US randomizing patients with high-risk pathological findings for observation or ART after cystectomy. However, due to poor accrual it recently closed and thus it will be up to other international trials to clarify the role of ART and identify patients benefiting form this adjuvant therapy.
Incidence of Inadvertent Dural Puncture During CT Fluoroscopy-Guided Interlaminar Epidural Corticosteroid Injections in the Cervical Spine: An Analysis of 974 Cases.

OBJECTIVE. The objective of this study is to determine the rate of inadvertent dural puncture during CT fluoroscopy–guided cervical interlaminar epidural corticosteroid injection. In addition, in a subanalysis, we aim to assess the rate of inadvertent dural puncture superior to C5–C6 occurring during interlaminar epidural corticosteroid injection using CT fluoroscopy guidance because such injections are not performed using conventional fluoroscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS. Images obtained from consecutive CT fluoroscopy–guided cervical interlaminar epidural corticosteroid injections conducted from November 2009 to November 2015 were reviewed. The following information was recorded: the presence of inadvertent dural puncture, the level of the cervical interlaminar space, approach laterality (left or right), anteroposterior spinal canal diameter, and the presence of a trainee. Two-tailed Fisher exact tests were used for assessment of categoric variables, and t tests were used for continuous variables. RESULTS...
Towards quantification of myelin by solid-state MRI of the lipid matrix protons.

Abstract Purpose Direct assessment of myelin has the potential to reveal central nervous system abnormalities and serve as a means to follow patients with demyelinating disorders during treatment. Here, we investigated the feasibility of direct imaging and quantification of the myelin proton pool, without the many possible confounds inherent to indirect methods, via long-T2 suppressed 3D ultra-short echo-time (UTE) and zero echo-time (ZTE) MRI in ovine spinal cord. Methods ZTE and UTE experiments, with and without inversion-recovery (IR) preparation, were conducted in ovine spinal cords before and after D2O exchange of tissue water, on a 9.4T vertical-bore micro-imaging system, along with some feasibility experiments on a 3T whole-body scanner. Myelin density was quantified relative to reference samples containing various mass fractions of purified myelin lipid, extracted via the sucrose gradient extraction technique, and reconstituted by suspension in water, where they spontaneously self-assemble into an ensemble of multi-lamellar liposomes, analogous to native myelin. Results MR signal amplitudes from reference samples at 9.4T were linearly correlated with myelin concentration (R2 = 0.98–0.99), enabling their use in quantification of myelin fraction in neural tissues. An adiabatic inversion-recovery preparation was found to effectively suppress long-T2 water signal in white matter, leaving short-T2 myelin protons to be imaged. Estimated myelin lipid fractions in white matter were 19.9%–22.5% in the D2O-exchanged spinal cord, and 18.1%–23.5% in the non-exchanged spinal cord. Numerical simulations based on the myelin spectrum suggest that approximately 4.59% of the total myelin proton magnetization is observable by IR-ZTE at 3T due to T2 decay and the inability to excite the shortest T2* components. Approximately 380 μm of point-spread function blurring is predicted, and ZTE images of the spinal cord acquired at 3T were consistent with this estimate. Conclusion In the present implementation, IR-UTE at 9.4T produced similar estimates of myelin concentration in D2O-exchanged and non-exchanged spinal cord white matter. 3T data suggest that direct myelin imaging is feasible, but remaining challenging on clinical MR systems.
Transport of Amino Acid Cations through a 2.25-nm-Diameter Carbon Nanotube Nanopore: Electrokinetic Motion and Trapping/Desorption

In this study, we examine the individual ionic transport of four different amino acid cations through a 2.25-nm-diameter, 200-μm-long single-walled carbon nanotube (SWNT) and compare them to previous work on Li+ and methanol in the same SWNT. For the amino acids, the pore-blocking current was found to increase with applied field, from 1 to 100 pA. The observed differences in pore-blocking currents of the different amino acids are mostly explained by a simple model of the volumes of the blockers. A threshold voltage was found for the amino acids to exhibit pore blocking, in agreement with previous results for monatomic ions and molecules which also encounter an energy barrier for entry into an SWNT. The average dwell time for each of the amino acids was found to be relatively constant for applied voltages between 400 and 1000 mV. Additionally, the distribution of dwell times for each amino acid exhibited a tail at long dwell times. These results are well-modeled by an adsorption/desorption model in which t...
The Origins of the Lost Fleet of the Mongol Empire. By Randall J. Sasaki. (Houston, TX: Texas A & M University Press, 2015. Pp. xii, 201. $50.00.)

This new study introduces an English‐speaking audience to the remarkable discoveries off the coast of Takashima, Japan, where the Mongol (ex‐Song) navy sank in 1281. Randall J. Sasaki provides an o...
Multivariate Analysis: Discrete Variables (Logistic Regression)

In this article the main features of logistic regression are described and some aspects of interpretation of logistic regression are illustrated with an example. The logistic regression model is first introduced for the simple case where there is only a single predictor variable. This model is compared and contrasted with the classical linear regression model. Later the generalizations to more than one predictor variables are considered. A major emphasis of this article is placed on how logistic regression is used in practice and how the logistic regression coefficients should be interpreted. An example, based on data from the US General Social Survey, is used to illustrate and reinforce the main concepts. Finally, extensions of logistic regression to clustered data are also considered.
Optical dental care for children, from caries prediction to therapy monitoring

Dentists rely on visual examination for diagnosing tooth decay which lacks quantification. To predict enamel demineralization, pH is spectrally mapped using fluorescence. To monitor enamel healing, lesion extent is measured using infrared endoscopic imaging.
Insights From the Science of Learning Can Inform Evidence-Based Implementation of Peer Instruction

Peer Instruction is a popular pedagogical method developed by Eric Mazur in the 1990s. Educational researchers, administrators, and teachers laud Peer Instruction as an easy-to-use teaching method that fosters active learning in K-12, undergraduate, and graduate classrooms across the globe. Research over the past 25 years has demonstrated that courses that incorporate Peer Instruction produce greater student achievement compared to traditional lecture-based courses. These empirical studies show that Peer Instruction produces a host of valuable learning outcomes, such as better conceptual understanding, more effective problem-solving skills, increased student engagement, and greater student retention in science majors. The diffusion of Peer Instruction has been widespread because of its effectiveness, simplicity, and the flexibility. However, a consequence of its flexibility is wide variability in implementation. Teachers frequently innovate or personalize the method by making modifications, and often such changes are made without research-supported guidelines or awareness of the potential impact on student learning. The present article presents a framework for guiding modifications to Peer Instruction based on theory and findings from the science of learning. We analyze the Peer Instruction method with the goal of helping teachers understand why it is effective. We also consider six common modifications made by educators through the lens of retrieval-based learning and offer specific guidelines to aid in effective implementation. Peer Instruction is a powerful way for educators to encourage active learning, but effective implementation requires making informed decisions about modifications. Educators must be free to innovate and adapt teaching methods to their classroom.
Design, development and qualification of a gas-based dust removal tool for mars exploration missions

Current Mars science goals require the removal of dust from the surface of samples to expose the rock beneath the oxidized dust layer for imaging. A cold gas system comprised of a supply tank of gas, a plenum tank, some solenoid control valves, and a small nozzle is proposed to fill this need. This paper summarizes results from an extensive development test program conducted at Mars-like conditions to investigate the performance drivers of such a system. Over 400 tests were conducted at Martian pressure to explore the effect of the working gas mass flow rate, molecular weight, plenum size, ambient back pressure, nozzle design, pulsed operation, and nozzle height above the surface on dust suspension and entrainment. The results of this testing have been used to inform a design for flight. This design has now been baselined to fly on the Mars 2020 rover. An overview of the design is provided along with a discussion of the challenges that have been overcome in order to implement this tool for flight. This includes a discussion of the challenges of designing a system that can withstand temperatures as low as −135 C, the subsequent selection of materials for this application, and thermal cycling test results of candidate solenoid valves.
Imaging and Characterization of Macromolecular Interface Structures for Whole Cell Biosensors

Biosensor development continues to receive wide attention from researchers in the biomedical and biotechnology communities. The sustained level of interest in biosensors is due to the steady and marked evolution in biosensor technology which incorporates the latest advances in electrochemical, optoelectrical, piezoelectric, field effect transistors, and thermal transducer design. Even more promising approaches are now being explored resulting from advances made in the new frontiers of nanofabrication and molecular biology. One example of the latter is the exploitation of biological structures as the sensing elements of biosensors. This ‘hybrid’ approach represents a significant departure from ‘traditional’ chemical sensors which utilize strictly synthetic materials to detect biochemical events. The integration of advanced transducer design with complex, biologically active sensing elements holds great promise due to the superior detection capabilities offered by biological materials. Moreover, the newly emerging fields of molecular bioengineering and nanoengineering may ultimately provide the basis for the rational design of hybrid biosensors and other molecular-based devices as demonstrated by this feasibility study and other companion papers in this proceeding.
Therapy of herpes zoster with oral acyclovir

Oral acyclovir therapy for herpes zoster has been studied in double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of two dosages, 400 mg and 800 mg five times per day for 10 days. Compared with placebo recipients, recipients of the high-dosage acyclovir experienced a significantly shortened period of viral shedding, significantly accelerated time to 50 percent scabbing, significantly accelerated time to 50 percent healing, and after two days of therapy, significantly less frequent formation of new lesions. The duration and severity of acute pain were less in acyclovir recipients, with differences in pain severity achieving statistical significance (p = 0.03) between Days 3 and 10 and correlating with the treatment differences in new lesion formation. In studies of the 400 mg five times per day dose schedule, differences between acyclovir and placebo recipients were not significant. In a six-month follow-up of recipients in the higher dosage study, the acyclovir recipients experienced less post-zoster pain than placebo recipients; differences in the prevalence of pain were most significant for the presence of a persistent pain in the first three months of follow-up. Oral acyclovir at these dosages appears to be free of adverse reactions. In summary, oral acyclovir at a dosage of 800 mg five times per day for 10 days for treatment of acute herpes zoster is superior to 400 mg five times per day and favorably alters the course of the disease.
Links Between Snowpack Physics and Snowpack Chemistry

Seasonal snow at the Earth’s surface contains a record of the chemistry in the atmosphere during snow crystal formation and subsequent snow pack accumulation. Solutes and other contaminants are incorporated into snow during crystal formation in the clouds, by scavenging and riming as the particles fall, and then by dry deposition. An established snow cover may represent the total chemical load on the environment integrated over several months. It is a widespread observation that this chemical load may be removed from the pack as an ionic pulse, with as much as 80 percent of the solutes eluting with the first 20 percent of the melt.
Mechanisms of Mas1 Receptor-Mediated Signaling in the Vascular Endothelium.

Objective—Angiotensin II (AngII) has been shown to regulate angiogenesis and at high pathophysiological doses to cause vasoconstriction through the AngII receptor type 1. Angiotensin 1 to 7 (Ang-(1...
Education Research: An arts-based curriculum for neurology residents.

Objective To determine the feasibility and educational value of an arts-based curriculum for neurology residents, with the following specific learning objectives: to enhance communication and observational skills, increase awareness of point of view, and deepen appreciation of the narrative content of illness. Methods Narrative medicine and visual thinking exercises, adopted from the study of literature and art history, were offered as monthly sessions in the neurology residents9 conference schedule. Participants completed an institutional review board–approved anonymous evaluation using a 5-point Likert scale to rate course effectiveness and perform a retrospective pre- and post-self-assessment of communication and visual observation skills. They also provided free text feedback on the course. Results All participants rated the course highly and found the exercises effective in enhancing awareness of language and observational skills. Eighty percent of participants rated their listening and observation skills as above average after participation, which improved from 63% and 45%, respectively, before the sessions. Comments on the course cited the importance of reflection, focused attention, awareness of multiple perspectives, and appreciation of colleagues. Conclusions Arts-based graduate medical education is feasible and effective in teaching residents to listen and observe more closely. Narrative medicine and visual thinking exercises highlight these skills and promote professional growth, providing an opportunity to reflect and find meaning in clinical work.
COMMENDING SOLA SCRIPTURA: THE HOLY SPIRIT, THE CHURCH, AND DOCTRINE

Abstract: In post-Reformation dogmatics, the role of the Holy Spirit in relation to the doctrine of Scripture has often received insufficient attention. Contemporary treatments have erred in different directions, subjugating the doctrine of Scripture to communal hermeneutics or individual experience. By contrast, the magisterial Reformers offer a vital doctrine of the Holy Spirit for the doctrine of Holy Scripture in conjunction with the stewardship of that Scripture by the Spirit-birthed, confessing church. Drawing upon certain reformational insights, this paper will present a high doctrine of Scripture, in a manner that integrates the ministry of the Holy Spirit for illumination with the essential role of the Spirit within the confessing church for handling doctrine—particularly the doctrine of Scripture. KEYWORDS:
Emotion-enhanced binding of numerical information in younger and older adults.

There are documented deficits in older adults’ abilities to bind numerical information to other types of information, perhaps due to the arbitrariness and specificity of numbers. Although some stud...
A comparison of seismic response to conventional and face destress blasting during deep tunnel development

Abstract A novel design of development face destress blasting was implemented during the construction of an experimental tunnel at great depth. A second tunnel was developed nearby using conventional blasting as a control. The tunnels were developed parallel to one another and perpendicular to a high sub-horizontal stress. High resolution seismic monitoring was used to record and compare the seismic response generated by each excavation. Analysis of the seismic data from the conventionally blasted tunnel indicated that the seismogenic zone of stress-driven instability extended up to 3.6 m ahead of the face. Destress blasting within the corresponding zone of the adjacent tunnel had the effect of reducing the rock mass stiffness, primarily due to weakening of the pre-existing natural discontinuities. The reduction in rock mass stiffness was inferred from the spatial broadening of the seismogenic zone and associated reduction in the measured spatial density of events, radiated energy and seismic potency ahead of the face. High strain gradients around the unsupported portion of the conventionally blasted excavation were implied by the rate at which the spatial density of seismicity changed with respect to the tunnel face position. In contrast, the change in the spatial density of seismicity around the destressed development face was much more gradual. This was indicative of lower strain gradients in the rock there. A reduction in rock mass stiffness following destress blasting was also indicated by the much wider variety of seismic source mechanisms recorded adjacent to the destressed tunnel. Seismic source mechanisms associated with destress blasting were also more clearly characteristic of compressive overstressing with fracture closure. The source mechanism data also indicated that destress blasting induced instability on all natural joint sets. When compared to conventional development blasting, destress blasting typically reduced violent strain energy release from the rock mass and the associated seismicity, but not always.
Perspectives on development: why does studying information and communication technology for development (ICT4D) matter?

The concept of development has been used by scholars and practitioners to demonstrate changes for the better in the lives of individuals, communities, nations and regions. Historically, the practic...
Of HOF hosts.

Hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks can readily encapsulate native enzymes and keep them active beyond biological conditions.
A Wireless, Multielectrode, User-generic Ear EEG Recording System

Recently it has been demonstrated that electroencephalography (EEG) can be recorded from the ear canal (in-ear EEG), opening the door to using discreet earpieces as wearable brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). We present, for the first time to our knowledge, a wireless neural recording platform for recording EEG from the ear canal with dry multielectrode, user-generic earpieces. A low-cost manufacturing process involving vacuum forming and spray coating was developed to improve ear canal contact in a range of users and combined with a 2.5 x 2.5 cm2 wireless recording system. System performance was evaluated through electrode-skin interface (ESI) impedance characterization and measurement of common EEG signals simultaneously with wet scalp EEG, including eye blinks, alpha waves, and the auditory steady-state response (ASSR) across multiple users. The user-generic ear EEG recorded a mean alpha modulation of 2.17, outperforming the state-of-the-art.
Trends in Reported Marijuana Vaping Among US Adolescents, 2017-2019.

This national survey study uses Monitoring the Future data to characterize trends in the prevalence of marijuana vaping in 2017, 2018, and 2019 among 8th, 10th, and 12th graders.
Sediment storage and shallow groundwater response to beaver dam analogues in the Colorado Front Range, USA

Enthusiasm for using beaver dam analogues (BDAs) to restore incised channels and riparian corridors has been increasing. BDAs are expected to create a similar channel response to natural beaver dams by causing channel bed aggradation and overbank flow, which subsequently raise water tables and support vegetation growth. However, lack of funding for monitoring projects post‐restoration has limited research on whether BDAs actually cause expected channel change in the Front Range and elsewhere. Geomorphic and hydrologic response to BDAs was monitored in two watersheds 1 year post‐restoration. BDAs were studied at Fish Creek, a steep mountainous catchment, and Campbell Creek, a lower gradient piedmont catchment from May to October 2018. At each restoration site, the upstream‐ and downstream‐most BDAs were chosen for intensive study in comparison with unrestored reference reaches. Monitoring focused on quantifying sediment volumes in BDA ponds and recording changes to stream stage and riparian groundwater. Despite differences in physical basin characteristics, BDA pools at both sites stored similar volumes of sediment and stored more sediment than reference pools. Sediment storage is positively correlated to BDA height and pool surface area. However, BDAs did not have a significant influence on shallow groundwater. The lack of groundwater response proximal to BDAs could indicate that local watershed factors have a stronger influence on groundwater response than restoration design 1 year post‐restoration. Systematic, long‐term studies of channel and floodplain response to BDAs are needed to better understand how BDAs will influence geomorphology and hydrology.
Stay-at-home orders and second waves: a graphical exposition.

Integrated epidemiological-economics models have recently appeared to study optimal government policy, especially stay-at-home orders (mass "quarantines"). But these models are challenging to interpret due to the lack of closed-form solutions. This note provides an intuitive and graphical explanation of optimal quarantine policy. To be optimal, a quarantine requires "the cavalry" (e.g., mass testing, strong therapeutics, or a vaccine) to arrive just in time, not too early or too late. The graphical explanation accommodates numerous extensions, including hospital constraints, sick worker, age differentiation, and learning. The effect of uncertainty about the arrival time of "the cavalry" is also discussed.
Dark Matter Halo Masses from Abundance Matching and Kinematics: Tensions for the Milky Way and M31

The dark matter halo masses of galaxies can be estimated from their stellar masses via abundance matching (AM). For both the Milky Way and M31, the AM mass is higher than the mass inferred from kinematics. The higher AM masses exacerbate the missing satellite problem. The difference is especially pronounced for M31, for which but . This is more than expected from scatter in the AM relation, and may suggest the need for separate AM relations for early and late type galaxies.
Making the Final Decade of the Sustainable Development Goals Count: An Analysis of Donors’ Subnational Approaches to Reaching the Poorest People

Although the proportion of the world’s population living in poverty has declined substantially over the last two decades, the absolute number of people that live in poverty or vulnerable conditions has remained high. Nearly 70% of the poor now live in countries classified as middle-income.3 We conducted a document review and comparative analysis of six of the largest global health donors to better understand the extent to which they incorporate subnational poverty into their allocation decisions and programming. The donors we studied were Gavi, the Vaccine Alliance (Gavi); the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria (the Global Fund); the President’s Emergency Plan for AIDS Relief (PEPFAR); the United States Agency for International Development (USAID)—specifically, its Global Health Bureau; the World Bank’s International Development Association (IDA); and the Government of Japan. We found that most donor high-level strategy documentation allude to the relationship between poverty and health by, for example, noting the financial burden of specific diseases targeted or the disproportionate disease burdens that may fall on the poorest people. However, only two of these donors, Gavi and IDA, incorporate any subnational poverty indicators or broader subnational poverty focus that could be tracked and monitored over time. Gavi and IDA also integrate household level wealth or health expenditure data in their routine monitoring processes, though there is limited information about how much this integration influences how these two donors target aid toward the poorest communities. For the other four donors—Global Fund, PEPFAR, USAID, and Japan—subnational poverty is either not addressed or else is invoked in the context of other social or demographic factors that make certain groups of people vulnerable to disease (e.g., sex workers’ vulnerability to HIV).
Forecasting Realized Volatility: An Automatic System Using Many Features and Many Machine Learning Algorithms

We propose an automatic machine-learning system to forecast realized volatility for S&P 100 stocks using 118 features and five machine learning algorithms. A simple average ensemble model combining all learning algorithms delivers extraordinary performance across forecast horizons, and the improvement in out-of-sample R2's translates into nontrivial economic gains. We further augment the feature set by including firm characteristics and pure noise terms, and find that the system continues to perform well after including weak or noisy features. Finally, we demonstrate that our learning system is scalable to a broader S&P 500 stock universe via hyperparameter transfer learning for nonlinear models.
The Elevated High-Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T Pilot: Diagnoses and Outcomes

Abstract Objective To identify the diagnoses and outcomes associated with elevated high sensitivity cardiac troponin T (hs-cTnT) compared with the 4th-generation troponin T and to validate the Mayo Clinic hs-cTnT myocardial infarction algorithm cutoff values. Patients and Methods Consecutive blood samples of patients presenting to the emergency department between July 2017 and August 2017, who had 4th-generation troponin T, were also analyzed using the hs-cTnT assay. Troponin T values, discharge diagnoses, comorbidities, and outcomes were assessed. In addition, analyses of sex-specific and hs-cTnT cutoff values were assessed. Results Of 830 patients, 32% had an elevated 4th-generation troponin T, whereas 64% had elevated hs-cTnT. With serial sampling, 4th-generation troponin missed a chronic myocardial injury pattern and acute myocardial injury pattern in 64% and 16% of patients identified with hs-cTnT, respectively. Many of these “missed” patients had discharge diagnoses associated with cardiovascular disease, infection, or were postoperative. Five of the 6 patients with unstable angina ruled in for myocardial infarction. Conclusion There were many increases in hs-cTnT that were missed by the 4th-generation cTnT assay. Most new increases are not related to acute cardiac causes. They were more consistent with chronic myocardial injury. High-sensitivity cTnT did reclassify most patients with unstable angina as having non–ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Older age, more comorbidities, and lower hemoglobin were associated with elevated hs-cTnT. Our data also support the use of our sex-specific cutoff values.
Ten-year outcomes of uveal melanoma based on The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) classification in 1001 cases.

Purpose To understand the prognostic value of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) for uveal melanoma metastasis, using a simplified 4-category classification, based on tumor DNA. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 1001 eyes with uveal melanoma at a single center, categorized according to TCGA as Group A, B, C, or D (by fine-needle aspiration biopsy for DNA analysis), and treated with standard methods, was studied for melanoma-related metastasis at 5 and 10 years. Results Of 1001 eyes with uveal melanoma, the TCGA categories included Group A (n = 486, 49%), B (n = 141, 14%), C (n = 260, 26%), and D (n = 114, 11%). By comparison, increasing category (A vs. B vs. C vs. D) was associated with features of older age at presentation (56.8 vs. 52.8 vs. 61.1 vs. 63.5 years, P < 0.001), less often visual acuity of 20/20-20/50 (80% vs. 67% vs. 70% vs. 65%, P = 0.001), tumor location further from the optic disc (P < 0.001) and foveola (P < 0.001), and greater median tumor basal diameter (10.0 vs. 13.0 vs. 14.0 vs. 16.0 mm, P < 0.001) and tumor thickness (3.5 vs. 5.2 vs. 6.0 vs. 7.1 mm, P < 0.001). The Kaplan-Meier (5-year/10-year) rate of metastasis was 4%/6% for Group A, 12%/20% for Group B, 33%/49% for Group C, and 60%/not available for Group D. Conclusion A simplified 4-category classification of uveal melanoma using TCGA, based on tumor DNA, is highly predictive of risk for metastatic disease.
Introduction: Background and History of Ethiopia and Cultural Context

In this chapter, we provide background on Ethiopian history as context for our investigation regarding Ethiopian immigrants in the U.S. This case study provides analysis for educators, public policy makers, and social change agents with information to support and assist Ethiopian women with their transition into U.S. schools and society. Using critical race feminism and Afrocentricity theory as guiding frameworks for the entire book, we analyze race and the effects of acculturation and assimilation on school achievement, identity development, and concepts of beauty among Ethiopian immigrant women.
George W. Crile

Born in 1864 in Chili, Ohio, Dr. George Washington Crile became one of the most distinguished surgeons of the early twentieth century worldwide. He was a founder and the second president of the American College of Surgeons, and cofounder of the Cleveland Clinic. He served in the Spanish American War and in World War I, where he became very interested in shock. He was the head of experimental clinical research for the American Expeditionary Force, and ultimately rose to the rank of general. He is credited with giving the first human blood transfusion. He designed a hemostat which bears his name. He developed the use of narcotics and regional anesthesia with general anesthesia, now called “balanced anesthesia.” For his work on “shockless surgery,” he received a gold medal from the National Institute of Social Sciences. In World War II, the SS George Crile was named after him. A lunar crater “Crile” also bears his name. These latter two honors certainly attest to the high esteem in which he was held.
Evaluation of peridural anesthesia in outpatient culdoscopy.

Abstract Ninety-one outpatients had culdoscopy under peridural anesthesia during the period from Oct. 1, 1967 to April 1, 1969 at Magee—Womens Hospital. Seventy-four per cent of these patients were pleased with the peridural technique, and it was demonstrated to be a safe anesthetic technique for outpatients. The incidence of major complications due to anesthesia or culdoscopy was rare. The selection of suitable patients is essential to reduce this incidence. The patient (or the insurance company) saves money by this procedure; it frees hospital beds for inpatients or for emergency cases; and the patient spends less time in the hospital, which may be important to her and to her family.
Recent Advances in the Study of Sleep in the Anxiety Disorders, Obsessive- Compulsive Disorder, and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

Sleep disturbance is frequently associated with generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, and posttraumatic stress disorder. This article reviews recent advances in understanding the mechanisms of the sleep disturbances in these disorders and discusses the implications for developing improved treatments.
Parallel Computation: MM +/- X

Accomplishments from the past decade of parallel computation research are reviewed. The present state of the art is described, and critical problems for future researchers are identified.
Ausstrahlung autonomer Reflexe zum und vom Herzen

In fruheren Abschnitten wurde auf die grose Bedeutung von Reflexen fur die Entstehung verschiedener Formen von Dyspnoe und einiger Storungen nach Lungenembolie hingewiesen. Die Reflexe werden bei der Besprechung anderer Themen, wie zum Beispiel der peripheren Gefaskrankheiten und der Angina pectoris, weitere Beachtung finden. Neuere Untersuchungen zeigen, das von verschiedenen Teilen des Korpers ausgehende Reflexe die Koronardurchblutung zu beeinflussen imstande sind.