cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Metatropic dysplasia—a skeletal dysplasia with challenging airway and other anesthetic concerns

Background Metatropic dysplasia is a rare form of skeletal dysplasia requiring multiple anesthetics for surgical and imaging procedures, most of which are orthopedic procedures. We provide centralized care to patients with skeletal dysplasia at our tertiary care pediatric hospital, and we were able to collect the largest number of metatropic dysplasia patients reported to date. Aim The aim of this retrospective study was to describe and characterize the anesthetic difficulties in this high-risk population. Methods Medical charts of all patients with metatropic dysplasia were reviewed to collect data, including anesthetics performed, difficulties, and complications related to the anesthetic care, co-morbid conditions, and related events. Results Twenty-three patients with metatropic dysplasia underwent 188 anesthetics with 61% of the anesthetics having been administered for orthopedic procedures. Fourteen of 23 (60.8%) progressively became difficult to intubate over the course of their care, with 12 out of 14 having undergone cervical spine fusion. These 14 patients had a total of 133 procedures. Sixty procedures (45.1%) had an airway described as difficult. Glidescope was the difficult airway tool most commonly used (68%) with flexible fiberoptic scope used 12% and Miller or Macintosh blade used 18% of the time. In addition to the airway difficulties, spinal canal narrowing or stenosis was widely prevalent, and no neuraxial anesthetic was performed in any of our patients. Conclusion Difficult airway is the most common co-morbid condition present in patients with metatropic dysplasia, especially if their cervical spine has been fused. Familiarity with the difficulties involving the airway and its management is critical in safe and successful management of anesthesia in this high-risk population.
DTL reconciliation repair

Maximum parsimony phylogenetic tree reconciliation is an important technique for reconstructing the evolutionary histories of hosts and parasites, genes and species, and other interdependent pairs. Since the problem of finding temporally feasible maximum parsimony reconciliations is NP-complete, current methods use either exact algorithms with exponential worst-case running time or heuristics that do not guarantee optimal solutions. We offer an efficient new approach that begins with a potentially infeasible maximum parsimony reconciliation and iteratively “repairs” it until it becomes temporally feasible. In a non-trivial number of cases, this approach finds solutions that are better than those found by the widely-used Jane heuristic.
Targeting AXL for the treatment of pancreatic cancer.

e15276 Background: Pancreatic cancer is a highly aggressive and deadly disease. Local invasion and metastasis contribute significantly to the poor survival of patients with pancreatic ductal adenoc...
Prophetic Imagination in the Light of Narratology and Disability Studies in Isaiah 40-48

The study argues that to persuade Judeans in Babylon that Yahweh, not Marduk, authored Cyrus' victories, and they should move to Judea, the author of Isa 40-48 countered an historiographically advanced ideology that divine embodiment in royally sponsored temples proves divine will, power, and presence. The author rejects any such historiography as based in human faculties; develops a complex notion of divine irreducibility and prophetic ability; and presents it in a text to match.
Trends in Sexual Behavior Among Men Who have Sex with Men (MSM) in High-Income Countries, 1990–2013: A Systematic Review

HIV diagnoses among men who have sex with men (MSM) have been increasing in several high-income countries. A better understanding of the sexual behavior trends among MSM can be useful for informing HIV prevention. We conducted a systematic review of studies that examined behavioral trends (1990–2013) in any condomless anal sex, condomless anal sex with an HIV-discordant partner, and number of partners. Studies included come from the United States, Europe, and Australia. We found increasing trends in condomless anal sex and condomless anal sex with an HIV-discordant partner, and a decreasing trend in number of partners. The increase in condomless anal sex may help to explain the increase in HIV infections. More explanatory research is needed to provide insight into factors that contribute to these behavior trends. Continuous monitoring of HIV, risk behaviors, and use of prevention and treatment is needed to evaluate prevention efforts and monitor HIV transmission risk.
Na construção do conhecimento acrescentam-se aportes e significados

Na construcao do conhecimento acrescentam-se aportes e significados In the construction of the knowledge contributions and meanings are increased Neste numero, prossegue-se mais uma etapa na construcao da Revista Conhecimento & Diversidade , a partir de um novo conjunto de artigos de expressiva relevância para estudos e pesquisas em diversas areas de Conhecimento, especialmente as de Educacao, Ensino, Psicologia, Direito e Interdisciplinar.
Ideophones and the Evolution of Language

1. The gestural origin theory of language genesis 2. What are ideophones? 3. Lexical origins of ideophones 4. Suiting the word to the action: oral charades 5. Ideophones as a possible solution to the ritualization problem 6. Taming ideophones: from showing to telling 7. Repetition in the genesis of signs, art, and ideophones.
Malignant EEG Patterns Are Common in Cardiac Arrest Survivors Treated with Therapeutic Hypothermia and a Standardized Antiepileptic Algorithm (S07.003)

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized malignant EEG patterns (nonconvulsive status epilepticus (NCSE), myoclonic status epilepticus (MSE), and generalized periodic epileptiform discharges (GPEDs)) are found in post-cardiac arrest (CA) survivors and those with good neurologic outcome. BACKGROUND: Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) improves outcomes in comatose post-CA patients. Continuous EEG (cEEG) monitoring improves detection of malignant patterns but the role for aggressive treatment is unclear. Limited survival and outcome data are available in subjects who develop malignant patterns and receive a standardized antiepileptic treatment protocol. DESIGN/METHODS: cEEG recordings were obtained in subjects treated with TH between 8/1/2009 and 06/01/2012. Clinical, survival and outcome data were recorded. A good outcome was defined as discharge to home or acute rehabilitation facility. Each cEEG file was analyzed for prevailing EEG patterns in the first 48 hours post-CA. 9Pure9 patterns were defined as only demonstrating one malignant pattern during monitoring. Outcomes for subjects in burst-suppression (BS) were also recorded. RESULTS: 242 subjects received TH and cEEG. 67 patients survived (23%) and 34 (14%) had a good outcome. Malignant rhythms were seen in 25 (37%) survivors and in 10 (29%) subjects with good outcome. Five survivors had seizures, 4 met criteria for NCSE with one good outcome. Of the 13 survivors with MSE 5 had good outcomes. A 9pure9 GPEDs pattern was present in 7 survivors with 3 good outcomes. A 9pure9 BS was found in 19 (28%) survivors with 9 good outcomes. Significant EEG findings were found in 24/34 (70%) subjects with good outcomes (10 malignant rhythms, 9 pure BS, 5 pure triphasic or epileptiform discharges). CONCLUSIONS: 37 % of subjects with malignant EEG patterns treated with TH and a standardized antiepileptic protocol can be found among survivors. Subjects with malignant patterns represent almost one third of all survivors with good neurologic outcome. Disclosure: Dr. Popescu has nothing to disclose. Dr. Amorim has nothing to disclose. Dr. Baldwin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Callaway has received royalty payments from Medtronic, Inc. Dr. Rittenberger has nothing to disclose.
Soot Components as Genetic Hazards

The study of combustion effluents potential health effects involves identifying the substances present and estimating the probable health hazards of each. Unfortunately, there are no methods which permit such estimates of health hazards. We are presently using techniques for which we have no means of assessing accuracy.
Elements of Lumped Parameter Models

In modeling systems for dynamic analysis, the modeler’s goal is to determine a differential equation that adequately describes the system behavior without introducing unnecessary complication. A successful modeler identifies the critical elements of a system and then incorporates them into a lumped parameter model. For a mechanical example, consider an automobile chassis/body and its interactions with the road through its suspension. Figure 3.1a shows the front suspension for a 1924 Ford Model T. Although all elements of the dynamic system can deform elastically, have mass, and offer the potential to dissipate mechanical energy as heat, we recognize that certain elements are inherently more flexible while others have significantly more mass. We therefore lump the elements together into ideal masses/inertias, springs, and energy loss elements (dampers) so that we can realistically analyze the system using a simplified model. Through analysis of this model, we identify the most important system dynamics.
A New Perspective on Learning Linear Separators with Large L_qL_p Margins

We give theoretical and empirical results that provide new insights into large margin learning. We prove a bound on the generalization error of learning linear separators with large LqLp margins (where Lq and Lp are dual norms) for any nite p 1. The bound leads to a simple data-dependent sucient condition for fast learning in addition to extending and improving upon previous results. We also provide the rst study that shows the benets of taking advantage of margins with p < 2 over margins with p 2. Our experiments conrm that our theoretical results are relevant in practice.
A DAMQ shared buffer scheme for network-on-chip

In this paper we present a novel shared buffer scheme for network on chip applications. The proposed scheme is based on a dynamically allocated multi queue self-compacting buffer. Two physical channels share the same buffer space. This in turn provides a larger available buffer space per channel. The proposed scheme has similar performance using only sixty three percent of the buffer size that is used in traditional implementation for NoCs. In addition, using same size buffers the proposed scheme outperforms existing approaches by 1% to 2% in throughput. The proposed scheme also has a better utilization of the available buffer space.
Second-Order Processes

In this chapter it will actually be easier to deal with complex-valued random variables and stochastic processes. A complex-valued random variable X is a complex-valued function on Ω such that its real and imaginary parts are real random variables.
The use of glatiramer acetate in the treatment of multiple sclerosis

Glatiramer acetate is a collection of synthetic polypeptides indicated as therapy for relapsing a remitting multiple sclerosis (MS). Current understanding of the immunological and neuroprotective mechanisms of action of GA makes it unique among current MS therapies. The clinical efficacy of GA appears similar to that of the recombinant beta interferons. GA has a favorable side effect profile with excellent patient compliance and long-term acceptance. The results of pivotal controlled clinical trials and long-term data derived from organized extension studies are reviewed. Supportive data from open-label comparison, combination treatment and therapeutic switch studies are also provided to enable informed decisions on the appropriate place for GA among other immunomodulatory treatments for relapsing MS.
The business case for SDGs: an analysis of inclusive business models in emerging economies

In September 2015, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) were endorsed by the United Nations and adopted by all 193 Member States. The SDGs integrate the 5P’s: People, Planet, Prosperity, Peace,...
Fat preference and fat intake in individuals with and without anorexia nervosa.

Fat restriction is a characteristic eating behavior among individuals with anorexia nervosa (AN), and laboratory meal studies demonstrate restricted fat intake among low-weight patients. The Geiselman Food Preference Questionnaire-I© (FPQ) is a validated self-report measure that yields a fat preference score (FPS). Prior research reported that patients with AN had a significantly lower FPS than did healthy control (HC) participants. The goal of the current study was to compare self-reported fat preference (FPS) to fat intake (multi-item meal (MIM) study) in low-weight ANs and HCs. Specific aims were 1) to determine if the FPS differed between ANs and HCs; 2) to determine if fat and energy intakes differed between ANs and HCs; and 3) to determine if the FPS was associated with fat and energy intakes in ANs and HCs. Forty-four female AN inpatients and 48 female HCs completed the FPQ and participated in a MIM study. Compared to HCs, ANs consumed less energy (469.1 ± 397.7 vs. 856.4 ± 346.8 kcal, p < 0.001), less fat (16.4 ± 20.4 vs. 36.7 ± 18.9 g, p < 0.001), and a smaller percentage of calories from fat (22.9 ± 13.8 vs. 36.6 ± 8.0%, p < 0.001) at the MIM. Compared to HCs, ANs also had a lower FPS (79.7 ± 27.4 vs. 102.3 ± 18.9, p < 0.001). The FPS was significantly and positively correlated with caloric intake (r = 0.481, p < 0.01), total fat (r = 0.453, p < 0.01), and the percentage of calories from fat (r = 0.37, p < 0.05) in ANs as well as in HCs (kcal: r = 0.583, p < 0.001; fat: r = 0.621, p < 0.001; % fat kcal: r = 0.601, p < 0.001). The FPS is related to objective measures of energy and fat intake in patients with AN as well as in healthy individuals.
Memory CD4 T cell-derived IL-2 synergizes with viral infection to exacerbate lung inflammation

Defining the most penetrating correlates of protective memory T cells is key for designing improved vaccines and T cell therapies. Here, we evaluate how interleukin (IL-2) production by memory CD4 T cells, a widely held indicator of their protective potential, impacts immune responses against murine influenza A virus (IAV). Unexpectedly, we show that IL-2-deficient memory CD4 T cells are more effective on a per cell basis at combating IAV than wild-type memory cells that produce IL-2. Improved outcomes orchestrated by IL-2-deficient cells include reduced weight loss and improved respiratory function that correlate with reduced levels of a broad array of inflammatory factors in the infected lung. Blocking CD70-CD27 signals to reduce CD4 T cell IL-2 production tempers the inflammation induced by wild-type memory CD4 T cells and improves the outcome of IAV infection in vaccinated mice. Finally, we show that IL-2 administration drives rapid and extremely potent lung inflammation involving NK cells, which can synergize with sublethal IAV infection to promote acute death. These results suggest that IL-2 production is not necessarily an indicator of protective CD4 T cells, and that the lung environment is particularly sensitive to IL-2-induced inflammation during viral infection.
Extensive transcriptomic study emphasizes importance of vesicular transport in C9orf72 expansion carriers

The majority of the clinico-pathological variability observed in patients harboring a repeat expansion in the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex subunit (C9orf72) remains unexplained. This expansion, which represents the most common genetic cause of frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and motor neuron disease (MND), results in a loss of C9orf72 expression and the generation of RNA foci and dipeptide repeat (DPR) proteins. The C9orf72 protein itself plays a role in vesicular transport, serving as a guanine nucleotide exchange factor that regulates GTPases. To further elucidate the mechanisms underlying C9orf72-related diseases and to identify potential disease modifiers, we performed an extensive RNA sequencing study. We included individuals for whom frontal cortex tissue was available: FTLD and FTLD/MND patients with (n = 34) or without (n = 44) an expanded C9orf72 repeat as well as control subjects (n = 24). In total, 6706 genes were differentially expressed between these groups (false discovery rate [FDR] < 0.05). The top gene was C9orf72 (FDR = 1.41E-14), which was roughly two-fold lower in C9orf72 expansion carriers than in (disease) controls. Co-expression analysis revealed groups of correlated genes (modules) that were enriched for processes such as protein folding, RNA splicing, synaptic signaling, metabolism, and Golgi vesicle transport. Within our cohort of C9orf72 expansion carriers, machine learning uncovered interesting candidates associated with clinico-pathological features, including age at onset (vascular endothelial growth factor A [VEGFA]), C9orf72 expansion size (cyclin dependent kinase like 1 [CDKL1]), DPR protein levels (eukaryotic elongation factor 2 kinase [EEF2K]), and survival after onset (small G protein signaling modulator 3 [SGSM3]). Given the fact that we detected a module involved in vesicular transport in addition to a GTPase activator (SGSM3) as a potential modifier, our findings seem to suggest that the presence of a C9orf72 repeat expansion might hamper vesicular transport and that genes affecting this process may modify the phenotype of C9orf72-linked diseases.
Investigating a disease outbreak

Teams of epidemiological and medical “detectives” are working to get a coronavirus pandemic under control. Ronald D. Fricker, Jr and Steven E. Rigdon walk us through a typical investigation.
The mammillothalamic tracts: Age‐related conspicuity and normative morphometry on brain magnetic resonance imaging

The mammillothalamic tract (MTT, bundle of Vicq d'Azyr) is a white-matter projection from each mammillary body to the anterior nucleus of the thalamus (ANT). Deep brain stimulation of the MTTs or ANTs is a treatment option for medically refractory focal epilepsy. Since the ANTs may be atrophied in epilepsy, targeting of the MTT terminations could be used as a proxy for ANT locations. However, MTT conspicuity and morphometry on MRI have not been evaluated to date. We investigated normative age- and sex-related MRI morphometrics of the MTTs in healthy individuals. We retrospectively analyzed magnified axial T2-weighted images of 80 subjects for bilateral MTT conspicuity, diameters, areas, shapes, precise locations, and symmetry. We statistically tested the effects of independent variables (sex and MTT side) on measured dependent variables using two-way ANOVA; and performed linear regressions with age as the independent variable for each of the dependent variables. Subjects were F:M = 44:36, with mean age 45.3 years. Only one (0.63%) MTT was inconspicuous. Mean MTT diameter was 1.8 mm, area was 2.0 mm2 , and distance from third ventricle was 3.1 mm. MTTs were mostly bilaterally symmetrical in shape, equally round, or ovoid. The right MTT diameter was larger than the left, and males had larger MTT areas than females. We found no statistical difference between MTT diameters and areas in young, middle-aged, and older adults. We report normative axial MRI morphometrics of the MTTs to guide neuromodulation treatments. Future detailed analyses will determine if the MTTs atrophy in proportion to the ANTs in refractory epilepsy.
A Good Defense Is a Strong DNN: Defending the IoT with Deep Neural Networks

This chapter frames in the realm of Internet of Things (IoT) and provides a new deep learning solution for securing networks connecting IoT devices. In particular, it discusses a comprehensive solution to enhancing IoT defense in the form of a new protocol for IoT security. The need for IoT security solutions was revisited after the recent attacks on 120 million devices. In the current work, deep learning is studied for critical security applications by utilizing snapshots of network traffic taken from a set of nine real-world IoT devices. To that end, a set of learning tools such as Support Vector Machines (SVM), Random Forest and Deep Neural Network (DNN) are tested on a set of real-world data to detect anomalies in the IoT networks. Obtained results provided high accuracy for all tested algorithms. Notably, DNN exhibits the highest coefficient of determination among the tested models, thus, promoting the DNN as a more suitable solution in IoT security applications. Furthermore, the DNN’s learning autonomy feature results in a time efficient real-world algorithm because it skips human intervention.
Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation for Amniotic Fluid Embolism-Induced Cardiac Arrest in the First Trimester of Pregnancy: A Case Report.

Amniotic fluid embolism is a rare obstetric emergency that can be accompanied by profound hypoxemia, coagulopathy, hemorrhage, and cardiogenic shock. Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation may provide a rescue strategy in amniotic fluid embolism with cardiopulmonary collapse. Approaches to anticoagulation must be balanced against the risk of hemorrhage with concomitant coagulopathy. Although extracorporeal membrane oxygenation has been described for cardiopulmonary collapse in the setting of amniotic fluid embolism, its initiation as a bridge to hemostasis and cardiopulmonary recovery in amniotic fluid embolism-induced hemorrhagic and cardiogenic shock remains a novel resuscitation strategy. Design subject and intervention We present a case detailing the initiation of extracorporeal life support with veno-arterio-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation in a patient with hemorrhagic shock and cardiopulmonary failure due to amniotic fluid embolism. The patient was ultimately discharged home 19 days after presentation free from neurologic or other significant disability. Main results and conclusion Through this case, we describe a tailored approach to extracorporeal life support initiation and advanced extracorporeal membrane oxygenation management as a bridge to recovery in patients with mixed shock. Additionally, we discuss how the culmination of prehospital, outpatient and inpatient provider teamwork, easily portable extracorporeal membrane oxygenation equipment, and multispecialty collaboration can afford promising therapeutic options for patients who were previously deemed ineligible for extracorporeal life support.
Enabling Greater Access to Home Meal Delivery

Non-prot organizations like the Meals On Wheels (MOW) association of America prepare and deliver meals, typically daily, to approximately one million homebound citizens in the United States alone. However, many MOW agencies are facing a steadily increasing number of clients requesting meal service without an increase in resources (either nancial or human). One strategy for accommodating these requests is to deliver multiple (frozen) meals at a time and thus make fewer deliveries. However, many of the stakeholders (funders, volunteers, meal recipients) value the relationships that are developed by having a client receive daily deliveries from the same volunteer. Further, meal recipients may be concerned with the quality of food delivered through a frozen meal. In this paper, we develop a method for introducing consolidation into home meal delivery while minimizing operational disruptions and maintaining client satisfaction. With an extensive computational study, the savings associated with various levels and types of disruptions are detailed.
Assessment for learning: The missing element for identifying high potential in low income and minority groups:

A major controversy facing the field of gifted education is the underrepresentation of low income, minority, and dual language students. Strategies for addressing this challenge have been to use un...
Universally Rank Consistent Ordinal Regression in Neural Networks.

Despite the pervasiveness of ordinal labels in supervised learning, it remains common practice in deep learning to treat such problems as categorical classification using the categorical cross entropy loss. Recent methods attempting to address this issue while respecting the ordinal structure of the labels have resorted to converting ordinal regression into a series of extended binary classification subtasks. However, the adoption of such methods remains inconsistent due to theoretical and practical limitations. Here we address these limitations by demonstrating that the subtask probabilities form a Markov chain. We show how to straightforwardly modify neural network architectures to exploit this fact and thereby constrain predictions to be universally rank consistent. We furthermore prove that all rank consistent solutions can be represented within this formulation. Using diverse benchmarks and the real-world application of a specialized recurrent neural network for COVID-19 prognosis, we demonstrate the practical superiority of this method versus the current state-of-the-art. The method is open sourced as user-friendly PyTorch and TensorFlow packages.
Cities in Transition: Episodes of Spatial Planning in Modern China

This paper examines three critical episodes of Chinese spatial planning in the context of the country’s urbanization and modernization process from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century. It focuses primarily on the significance of the diffusion and assimilation of borrowed ideas and techniques in planning applications for the construction of the urban landscape. The multitude of channels that transferred this planning knowledge base to China – which ranged from the translation of imported techniques into local operations, and direct implantation of imaginary physical identities, to the interpretation of spatial planning as a component of macro-economic development and resource allocation – have all contributed to form the hybrid layering of the spatial and social fabric of urban neighborhoods in Chinese cities, and to record changes in urban history.
Structural History of the Buffalo Fork Fault and Ancestral Washakie Range, Wyoming

The Buffalo Fork fault is an east-dipping, north-trending reverse\thrust fault which lies along the west side of the Washakie Range in northwestern Wyoming (Love, 1975). This fault was active during the Laramide Orogeny (60-55 million years ago), during which time it uplifted the Ancestral Washakie Range. The purpose of this on-going research project is to determine the displacement vector of the Buffalo Fork fault and to relate this to the regional kinematic pattern of Laramide deformation in northwestern Wyoming. Previous field work by the author (Lageson, 1987) has shown that other Laramide faults in northwestern Wyoming experienced significant components of oblique-slip, depending on their orientation. If a regional pattern of displacement can be determined from several faults, then it may be possible to reconstruct the crustal stress field during the Laramide Orogeny. This study of the Buffalo Fork fault is one step toward this greater goal.
Stabilizing Autothermal Chemical Reactor Systems

A two-bed catalytic reactor with a free-product heat exchanger was observed to be unstable at its optimum operating point. Investigations were made of several stabilizing control systems comprising feedback manipulation of the flowrates of two streams drawn from the process feed and reinserted at downstream locations. One stream was injected at the entrance to the first reactor bed, bypassing the heat exchanger, and the other was injected as a quench between the two beds. Both single-loop output feedback and multivariable state feedback configurations incorporating integral action were investigated. Designs were effected through the Linear Quadratic approach and through analysis of characteristic Nyquist loci. The most successful configurations regulated the first bed inlet temperature by manipulating only the bypass stream. Use of the quench stream was found to be ineffectual. Both types of controllers stabilized the process, but dynamic simulations revealed a propensity of the state controller to allow temperature waves to repeatedly propagate through the system. For a sustained feed composition disturbance, the controlled process became unstable owing to a change in the number of open-loop unstable process poles. It was possible to restabilize the process by retuning the state controller, but not by retuning the output controller. However, the restabilized process was not at its optimal operating point for the new feed condition. When the controller set point was adjusted to reoptimize the process, both of the original controller designs were able to stabilize the process.
Self-regulated growth of LaVO3 thin films by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy

LaVO3 thin films were grown on SrTiO3 (001) by hybrid molecular beam epitaxy. A volatile metalorganic precursor, vanadium oxytriisopropoxide (VTIP), and elemental La were co-supplied in the presence of a molecular oxygen flux. By keeping the La flux fixed and varying the VTIP flux, stoichiometric LaVO3 films were obtained for a range of cation flux ratios, indicating the presence of a self-regulated growth window. Films grown under stoichiometric conditions were found to have the largest lattice parameter, which decreased monotonically with increasing amounts of excess La or V. Energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy and Rutherford backscattering measurements were carried out to confirm film compositions. Stoichiometric growth of complex vanadate thin films independent of cation flux ratios expands upon the previously reported self-regulated growth of perovskite titanates using hybrid molecular beam epitaxy, thus demonstrating the general applicability of this growth approach to other complex oxide materials, where a precise control over film stoichiometry is demanded by the application.
Chapter 2 Pathology of prostate cancer

Publisher Summary This chapter describes the pathology of prostate cancer (PCa). Pathology plays a major role in the management of PCa patients. The development of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) as a diagnostic tool has led to the prostate needle biopsy being one of the most common specimens submitted to the surgical pathologist. Combined with the use of thin needle biopsies, the interpretation of these specimens has become a challenge in the field of diagnostic surgical pathology. In this chapter, the major issues surrounding biopsy interpretation are reviewed. The use of serum PSA to follow patients after definitive treatment, particularly nonsurgical treatments, has also led to the frequent biopsy of individuals with rising serum PSA levels after therapy. For this reason, the interpretation of therapy-related changes in these biopsy specimens has also become an issue in diagnostic surgical pathology. Treatment-associated morphologic changes and their significance are briefly discussed in the chapter.
Metabolic syndrome: comparison of prevalence in young adults at 3 land-grant universities.

Abstract Objective: The study examines metabolic syndrome (MetS) among college students at 3 geographically distinct US campuses. Participants: Undergraduates (N = 360; 68% women), 18 to 24 years of age, were recruited at each public university in January and February 2011. MetS prevalence was evaluated in 83% (n = 299) participants. Methods: Anthropometric, biochemical, and clinical measures were collected in the fasted state. Results: Twelve percent of college men and 6% of college women met the clinical definition of MetS. Males were more likely to have ≥2 individual MetS criteria than females (33% vs 16%; p < .05). Prevalence and individual criteria of MetS differed between the 3 regions. Obese and overweight students met significantly more MetS criteria and had higher C-reactive protein levels than normal-weight students (both p < .05). Conclusion: Findings suggest that MetS prevalence among college students differs by sex, weight status, and region. Further research is needed to identify effective, ...
ProMoST: a tool for calculating the pI and molecular mass of phosphorylated and modified proteins on two-dimensional gels.

Protein modifications such as phosphorylation are often studied by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis since the perturbation in the protein’s pI value is readily detected by this method. It is important to be able to calculate the changes in the pI values that specific post-translational modifications cause and to visualize how these changes will effect protein migration on 2D gels. To address this need, we have developed ProMoST. ProMoST is a freely accessible web based application that calculates and displays the mass and pI values for either proteins in the NCBI database identified by accession number or from submitted FASTA format sequence.
Differential Effects of Glucocorticoids and Adenosine 3',5'-Monophosphate on Hepatic Enzyme Synthesis

Abstract The processes involved in the induction of the liver enzyme tyrosine transaminase by either hydrocortisone or adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) in organ culture have been shown to exhibit different characteristics. Removal of cyclic AMP, as the N6,O2'-dibutyryl analogue (dibutyryl cyclic AMP) during the early phase of induction of either tyrosine transaminase or phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase, or after attainment of a new elevated steady state level, prompted a virtually immediate cessation of the induction process. In contrast, removal of hydrocortisone at either stage did not stop elevation of transaminase activity for 1½ to 2 hours even in the presence of actinomycin D. The sequential addition of one inducer after maximal induction by the other revealed that hydrocortisone markedly amplified the subsequent effect of dibutyryl cyclic AMP on the transaminase. Prior exposure to dibutyryl cyclic AMP did not lead to any amplification of the subsequent enzyme response to hydrocortisone. The results are interpreted to indicate that hydrocortisone and cyclic AMP act at sequential sites n the synthesis of tyrosine transaminase. The suggestion s made that cyclic AMP may act at a post-transcriptional evel in the case of both the transaminase and carboxykinase.
Changes in patient satisfaction related to hospital renovation: Experience with a new clinical building

IMPORTANCE There is an increasing trend toward designing hospitals with patient-centered features like reduced noise, improved natural light, visitor friendly facilities, well-decorated rooms, and hotel-like amenities. It has also been suggested that because patients cannot reliably distinguish positive experiences with the physical environment from positive experience with care, an improved hospital environment leads to higher satisfaction with physicians, nursing, food service, housekeeping, and higher overall satisfaction. OBJECTIVE To characterize changes in patient satisfaction that occurred when clinical services (comprised of stable nursing, physician, and unit teams) were relocated to a new clinical building with patient-centered features. We hypothesized that new building features would positively impact provider, ancillary staff, and overall satisfaction, as well as improved satisfaction with the facility. DESIGN Natural experiment utilizing a pre-post design with concurrent controls. SETTING Academic tertiary care hospital. PARTICIPANTS We included all patients discharged from 12 clinical units that relocated to the new clinical building who returned surveys in the 7.5-month period following the move. Premove baseline data were captured from the year prior to the move. Patients on unmoved clinical units who returned satisfaction surveys served as concurrent controls. EXPOSURE Patient-centered design features incorporated into the new clinical building. All patients during the baseline period and control patients during the study period were located in usual patient rooms with standard hospital amenities. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcome was satisfaction scores on the Press Ganey and Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems survey, dichotomized at highest category versus lower categories. We performed logistic regression to identify predictors of “top-box” scores. RESULTS The move was associated with improved room- and visitor-related satisfaction without significant improvement in satisfaction with clinical providers, ancillary staff, and only 1 of 4 measures of overall satisfaction improved. The most prominent increase was with pleasantness of decor (33.6% vs 64.8%) and visitor accommodation and comfort (50.0% vs 70.3%). CONCLUSION AND RELEVANCE Patients responded positively to pleasing surroundings and comfort, but were able to discriminate their experiences with the hospital environment from those with physicians and nurses. The move to a new building had significant impact on only 1 of the 4 measures of overall patient satisfaction, as clinical care is likely to be the most important determinant of this outcome. Hospital administrators should not use outdated facilities as an excuse for suboptimal provider satisfaction scores. Journal of Hospital Medicine 2015;10:165–171. © 2014 Society of Hospital Medicine
Dynamics of Dwarf Novae Accretion Discs

The development of eccentric mode resonances in accretion discs within binary systems is simulated. The measured rotational rates of the resulting eccentric discs are found to agree with the observed superhump periods of SU UMa stars. This lends support to the eccentric disc model of superhump formation. In addition the decline of the superhump period is found to be explained by the inward propagation of the eccentric mode. Therefore measurements of superhump periods constrain both the mass-ratio of a system and the structure of its accretion disc
Addressing critical needs in the technical energy workforce: Focused certificate and degree programs beyond the associates

The University of Houston, along with consortium partners Lee College, Lone Star Community College and San Jacinto College, propose to develop training and educational programs to accelerate energy-related workforce development in critical areas for the state of Texas through: 1) three certificate programs each consist of 5 courses in advanced petroleum technology, advanced process technology and advanced safety technology, 2) collaboration and articulation between consortium partners to seamlessly develop and deliver the certificate courses, 3) development of stackable credentials for students who successfully complete any two of these certificates an accelerated pathway (i.e., one additional year) towards a BS degree in Organizational Leadership and Supervision program at UH's College of Technology, and 4) a competency-based survey to assess the effectiveness of the program. These goals will be achieved through the formation of a consortium with initially four Houston area community colleges and extendi...
Effects of phosphonic acid analogues of glycerol-3-phosphate on the growth of Escherichia coli.

Abstract The four-carbon phosphonate, 3,4-dihydroxybutyl-1-phosphonate, is similar to glycerol-3-phosphate in its ability to inhibit cell growth of Escherichia coli strain 8 cultured in low-phosphate synthetic medium supplemented with either succinate or casein hydrolysate as the sole carbon source. The three-carbon phosphonate, 2,3-dihydroxypropyl-1-phosphonate, does not appear to exhibit a similar effect. The inhibition caused by the four-carbon phosphonate differs from that caused by glycerol-3-phosphate in at least three ways. (i) Its inhibitory effect is not offset by the presence of glucose in the culture medium. (ii) It is capable of exerting its inhibitory effect on cells containing an active aerobic glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase. (iii) Its inhibitory effect is maintained in synthetic medium containing high concentrations of inorganic phosphate. The four-carbon phosphonate appears to be bacteriostatic and inhibits the uptake of labeled glycerol-3-phosphate by E. coli strain 8.
Through the Eyes of the Preservice Teacher: Using a Reflective Reading Journey to Inform Teaching and Learning.

Many factors affect attitudes toward reading, including parent and other caretaker support, sibling attitudes, school and library programs, curriculumand instruction,and, of course, teachers.Whileworkingwith preservice teachers pursuing licensure in pre-kindergarten through adolescent education, it became evident that the students had many preconceived notions about reading, based on their own experiences as children, youth, and young adults, and that an examination of these experiences could be a powerful tool in developing a better understanding of their future students’ needs during the various stages of reading development. Inaneffort toenablemystudents tobetterunderstandtheirpersonal relationship to reading and to create an opportunity for them to think about how their past experiences might affect their future students, I required them to complete a reflective paper. It was my hope that, in reflecting upon their own reading journeys, there was the potential to makethese future teachersmoreempathic,moreawareofwarningsigns, and more attuned to the need to be positive role models and teacher leaders in reading instruction.
Efficient associative SIMD processing for non-tabular structured data

With recent advances in VLSI technology, it is easy to develop chips containing hundreds or thousands of processors - in effect, SIMD processing on a chip. Associative SIMD processing goes further, providing efficient parallel methods for searching tabular data. The techniques described here show that associative processing can also be extended to efficiently process non-tabular structured data (e.g., trees), as we demonstrate by supporting structure codes in our associative ASC processor.
Interdiffusion at the interface between poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and epoxy

The study of polymer-polymer interfaces is recently attracting great interest. So far, most studies have focused on the interface between thermoplastic polymers, even though the interface between thermoplastic and thermoset polymers is also very important in numerous areas such as adhesion and composites. In the present study, bilayer films of thermoplastic poly(vinylpyrrolidone) and a thermoset epoxy were prepared and their compositional profiles at the interface were examined by electron microprobe analysis.
Coherent Measurements of High-Order Electronic Correlations in GaAs Quantum Wells

Multidimensional high-order coherent spectroscopy reveals correlations among more than two excitons. Features in the fifth-order and seventh-order spectra allow us to measure the extent of exciton correlations in a semiconductor nanostructure.
EFFECT OF CREATINE PHOSPHATE SUPPLEMENTATION ON ANAEROBIC WORKING CAPACITY AND BODY WEIGHT AFTER TWO AND SIX DAYS OF LOADING IN MEN AND WOMEN

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of 2 and 6 days of creatine phosphate loading on anaerobic working capacity (AWC) and body weight (BW) in men and women. Sixty-one men (n = 31) and women (n = 30) randomly received 1 of 3 treatments (4 x 5 g.d(-1) x 6 days) using a double blind design: (a) 18 g dextrose as placebo (PL); (b) 5.0 g Cr + 20 g dextrose (Cr); or (c) 5.0 g Cr + 18 g dextrose + 4 g of sodium and potassium phosphates (CrP). AWC was determined at baseline and following 2 and 6 days of supplementation using the Critical Power Test. BW increased significantly over time, and the mean value for the men was significantly greater compared to that for women, but there were no interactions (p > 0.05). There were gender-specific responses for AWC expressed in both absolute values (kJ) and relative to BW (kJ. kg(-1)), with the women demonstrating no significant interactions. For the men, CrP loading significantly increased AWC following 2 days (23.8%) and 6 days (49.8%) of supplementation vs. PL (kJ and kJ.kg(-1)). Cr supplementation increased AWC 13-15% in both genders compared to PL (1.1%- 3.0% decline); although this result was not statistically significant, it may have some practical significance.
Defense Department scientific integrity policy

The U.S. Department of Defense (DOD) has issued a scientific and engineering integrity policy, becoming the latest federal agency to follow a March 2009 White House directive. The document, labeled as “DoD Instruction 3200.20,” was issued on 26 July.
Evoked potentials and long-term potentiation in the mouse dentate gyrus after stimulation of the entorhinal cortex

Abstract When the entorhinal cortex is electrically stimulated, an evoked potential is produced in the ipsilateral dentate gyrus of the mouse which is similar to this response in the rat, rabbit, and other preparations in which it has been recorded. The evoked potential consists of two components: Component I represents an extracellular monosynaptic population EPSP, and Component II represents a population spike due to the synchronous activation of the granule cells. After tetanic stimulation, responses to single-pulse stimuli increased and remained at that level for at least 30 min. This demonstrated long-term potentiation of the evoked potential, phenomenologically similar to that described in other species. A medial and lateral perforant path could be differentiated. Stimulation of the medial perforant path resulted in evoked potentials that had a short peak latency, half-width, and rise time. Conversely, stimulation of the lateral perforant path resulted in evoked potentials that had a long peak latency, half-width, and rise time. The recording electrode depth series were also different after selective activatio of the two paths. Stimulation of the medial perforant path resulted in recording electrode depth series that had their maximum negativities close to the cell body layer, whereas stimulation of the lateral perforant path resulted in depth series that had their maximum negativities farther out along the granule cell dendrites. These results are consistent with the different sites of termination of the two paths. Long-term potentiation was demonstrated in both pathways after administration of tetanic stimuli of various parameters.
Structural analysis of sialic acid-containing carbohydrates by the reductive-cleavage method.

The applicability of the reductive-cleavage method to the structural analysis of sialic acid-containing carbohydrates was investigated using fully methylated methyl alpha- and beta-N-acetylneuraminic acid (1 and 2, respectively). Both compounds were fully stable to reductive cleavage in the presence of borane dimethylsulfide and boron trifluoride etherate but were slowly degraded in the presence of triethylsilane and promoters such as trimethylsilyl trifluoromethanesulfonate, boron trifluoride etherate, or a mixture of trimethylsilyl methanesulfonate and boron trifluoride etherate. However, after selective reduction of the ester groups of 1 and 2 with sodium borohydride, the products (3 and 4, respectively) underwent rapid reductive cleavage to yield the expected anhydroalditols, which were characterized as their acetates (8 and 11) by GLC-MS. The major product was also characterized as its benzoate (9) by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The usefulness of this analytical method was demonstrated using 3'-sialyllactose, i.e., alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-beta-D-Galp-(1-->4)-D-Glc. The methylated and ester-reduced trisaccharide (13) was reductively cleaved with Me2S.BH3-BF3.ET2O and the products were acetylated. Analysis by GLC-MS revealed the products expected from terminal (nonreducing) Neu5Ac (8 and 11), 3-linked Galp (16), and 4-linked Glcp (15) residues in relative molar ratios of 1.2:1.0:1.0, respectively. However, direct reductive cleavage of the fully methylated trisaccharide (12) yielded the fully methylated disaccharide-anhydroalditol derivative alpha-Neu5Ac-(2-->3)-1,5An-D-Gal (14) and the product (15) derived from 4-linked Glcp residues. These experiments therefore established both the composition and the sequence of the trisaccharide.