cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast shares cytogenetic abnormality with mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the salivary gland: a case report with molecular analysis and review of the literature

Mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast is a rare entity with specific morphologic and immunohistochemical features similar to its salivary gland counterpart. In the 28 reported cases to date, there has not been a comparison of the molecular characteristics of this tumor with salivary gland mucoepidermoid carcinomas. Herein, a case of mucoepidermoid carcinoma of the breast with a molecular alteration similar to its salivary gland counterpart is reported. A lymph node metastasis was identified despite a predominantly in situ component and foci of microinvasion. The morphologic, immunohistochemical, prognostic, and molecular features are discussed.
Altered resting state functional brain network topology in chemotherapy-treated breast cancer survivors

Many women with breast cancer, especially those treated with chemotherapy, experience cognitive decline due in part to neurotoxic brain injury. Recent neuroimaging studies suggest widespread brain structural abnormalities pointing to disruption of large-scale brain networks. We applied resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging and graph theoretical analysis to examine the connectome in breast cancer survivors treated with chemotherapy relative to healthy comparison women. Compared to healthy females, the breast cancer group displayed altered global brain network organization characterized by significantly decreased global clustering as well as disrupted regional network characteristics in frontal, striatal and temporal areas. Breast cancer survivors also showed significantly increased self-report of executive function and memory difficulties compared to healthy females. These results suggest that topological organization of both global and regional brain network properties may be disrupted following breast cancer and chemotherapy. This pattern of altered network organization is believed to result in reduced efficiency of parallel information transfer. This is the first report of alterations in large-scale functional brain networks in this population and contributes novel information regarding the neurobiologic mechanisms underlying breast cancer-related cognitive impairment.
Observations on fretting damage transition to cracking; state of the art and preliminary observations

Abstract Interrupted fretting fatigue experiments were performed on 7075-T6 aluminum alloy and fretting damage characterized by confocal and scanning electron microscopy. Strain, induced by specimen fatigue, produces a small amplitude oscillatory motion between the fatigue specimen and the fretting pad. A fretting fatigue damage threshold exists in this material. Hundred percent fretting fatigue was defined as the average total cycles to fracture based on specimens 1–5 (both axial and normal forces were applied). Specimens had fretting damage induced at 100%, 80%, 60%, 40%, and 20% of the maximum fretting fatigue cycles to fracture. A positive correlation was not found between the depth of fretting damage and crack formation, but there appeared to be a stronger relationship between the fretting damaged surface areas, proximity of pits and crack nucleation sites.
Rotational excitation of molecules by slow neutrons

Elastic and rotationally inelastic differential cross sections are calculated for slow neutrons incident on gaseous para-$\mathrm{H}_{2}^{}{}_{}{}^{+}$. This target is chosen as the simplest open-shell molecular system so that the contribution of electromagnetic forces to the scattering can be studied. It is shown that electromagnetic forces are dominant over nuclear forces in $0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2$ rotational excitation for small-momentum-transfer collisions (low angles at incident energies about twice the $0\ensuremath{\rightarrow}2$ threshold value). For large-momentum-transfer collisions (wide angles at the higher energies or all angles at energies close to threshold) nuclear forces dominate the scattering. The calculations show that low-angle, small-energy-loss experiments would isolate the weak but long-range electromagnetic forces and thus probe target electronic structure.
11. NEW PERSPECTIVES IN THE MORPHOLOGY OF NEONATAL HEPATI TIS (NH)

The morphology of NH as traditionally defined (Craig & Landing Arch. Pathol. 54:321, 1952; Witzleben - IAP Monograph 22:347, 1981) includes giant cell transformation, disruption of the hepatic plates, cholestasis, extramedullary hematopoiesis and hemosiderin accumulation. During the last 12 mos we have been impressed by the frequency of interlobular bile duct paucity in biopsies from cholestatic neonates at North Shore Univ.Hosp. with morphologic features of NH. Therefore, we reviewed liver biopsies from all 36 neonates with the dx. of NH not associated with extrahepatic biliary obstruction admitted to North Shore Univ.Hosp. or Babies Hosp., NY between 1975-1985. The specimens were examined by one observer (EK) without prior knowledge of the presence or absence of ductal changes. A minimum of 5 portal spaces/biopsy were required for inclusion in this study. By this criteria, 5 pts were excluded. Paucity of interlobular bile ducts, expressed by a ratio of bile ducts to portal spaces < 0.9, was present in 29/31 pts. 83% had a ratio < 0.6. Inflammation was absent in 27/29 spec. Therefore, we suggest that duct paucity is an integral part of the process designated as “neonatal hepatitis”. Emphasis should be directed at the intrahepatic duct insult rather than at the hepatocellular component. The designation of “hepatitis” is unwarranted in biopsies where inflammation is lacking.
Scattering characteristics of dielectric optical multilayers in visible region

A scattering measurement apparatus equipped with a halogen lamp and an integrating sphere was constructed. The scattering characteristics of ZrO2/SiO2 multilayers were measured in the visible region. The scattering characteristics did not only follow (lambda) -4 relation but also depended on the optical characteristics. It was shown that the electric field intensity distributions qualitatively explained the scattering characteristics. Also, the apparatus was useful as an instrument to find out the optimum deposition conditions of multilayers.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Significant factors in the causation of biliary cirrhosis.

The main causes of biliary cirrhosis are: malignancies of the pancreas, gallstones in the common ducts, neoplasms of the bile ducts and gall bladder, pressure on the common duct for various reasons, stricture of the common duct, and congenital atresia of the biliary ducts. In 93 cases of biliary cirrhosis, the neoplastic lesions exceeded the non-neoplastic by 2.1 times, In the males 49 lesions were malignant and 15 benign, and in the females they were 14 and 15 respectively. Thus the females accounted for 50% of all the benign lesions and 32.2% of the neoplasms in this series.
Effect of temperature and lymphokines on mixed lymphocyte and mitogen responses of chicken lymphoid cells in vitro

The effect of temperature on T cell mitogen and mixed lymphocyte responses (MLR) of chicken lymphoid cells in vitro was examined. Responses at 40 degrees C were much higher than at 37 degrees C. This difference did not appear to be due only to faster kinetics of the responses at 40 degrees C. At the lower temperature the MLR could be enhanced by polyethylene glycol (PEG) for spleen cells and by Con A induced lymphokines for peripheral blood cells (PBL). The positive effect of PEG on the chicken spleen cell MLR appeared to be determined at the stimulator cell level. Responses to mitogens at 37 degrees C of both spleen cells and PBL were enhanced by lymphokines.
Original p53 status predicts for pathological response in locally advanced breast cancer patients treated preoperatively with continuous infusion 5-Fluorouracil and radiation therapy

Purpose/Objective: 1) To test feasibility of preoperative continuous infusion (c.i.) 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) and radiation (RT) in locally advanced breast cancer. 2) To study clinical and pathological response rates of 5-FU and radiation. 3) To attempt preliminary correlations between biological probes and pathological response. Methods and Materials: Previously untreated, locally advanced breast cancer patients were eligible: only patients who presented with T3/T4 tumors that could not be resected with primary wound closure were eligible, while inflammatory breast cancer patients were excluded. The protocol consisted of preoperative c.i. infusion 5-FU, 200 mg/m 2 /day with radiotherapy, 50 Gy at 2 Gy fractions to the breast and regional nodes. At mastectomy, pathological findings were classified based on persistence of invasive cancer: pathological complete response (pCR) = no residual invasive cells in the breast and axillary contents; pathological partial response (pPR) = presence of microscopic foci of invasive cells in either the breast or nodal specimens; no pathological response (pNR) = pathological persistence of tumor. For each patient pretreatment breast cancer biopsies were analyzed by immunohistochemistry for nuclear grade, ER/PR hormonal receptors, her2/neu and p53 overexpression. Results: Thirty-five women have completed the protocol and are available for analysis. 5-FU was interrupted during radiation in 10 of 35 patients because of oral mucositis in 8 patients, cellulitis in 1, and patient choice in another. Objective clinical response rate before mastectomy was 71% (25 of 35 patients): 4 CR, 21 PR. However, in all 35 patients tumor response was sufficient to make them resectable with primary wound closure. Accordingly, all patients underwent modified radical mastectomy: primary wound closure was achieved in all patients. At mastectomy there were 7 pCR (20%), 5 pPR (14%) and the remaining 23 patients (66%) had pathological persistence of cancer (pNR). Variables analyzed as potential predictors for pathological response (pPR and pCR) were: initial TNM clinical stage, clinical response, nuclear grade, hormonal receptor status, p53 overexpression, and Her2/neu overexpression in the pretreatment tumor biopsy. Only initial p53 status (lack of overexpression at immunohistochemistry) significantly correlated with achievement of a pathological response to this regimen (p = 0.010). Conclusion: The combination of c.i. 5-FU and radiation was well tolerated and generated objective clinical responses in 71 % of the patients. With the limitation of the small sample size, the complete pathological response achieved (20%) compares favorably with that reported in other series of neoadjuvant therapy for similar stage breast cancer. These preliminary data suggest that initial p53 status predicts for pathological response (pPR and pCR) to the combination of c.i. 5-FU and radiotherapy in locally advanced breast cancer.
EXPRESSION ANALYSIS OF Y CHROMOSOME GENES IN HUMAN PROSTATE CANCER

Purpose: We hypothesized that alterations in Y chromosome gene expression may be associated with prostate cancer. To test this hypothesis we analyzed the expression of 19 Y chromosome genes in benign and malignant prostate tissue.Materials and Methods: To study the expression of Y chromosome genes RNA was extracted from prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissue as well as from prostate cancer cell lines. RNA was reverse transcribed and polymerase chain reaction amplified using specific primers. These primers were designed for each gene sequence obtained from the gene data bank. We analyzed 19 Y chromosome genes using 6 cell lines, 7 BPH and 7 prostate cancer tissues. Normal testis RNA served as a positive control.Results: Of the 19 genes analyzed in cell lines BPH-1 cells expressed the RPS4Y, USP9Y, TMSB4Y and DBY genes; DUPro expressed RPS4Y, USP9Y, TMSB4Y, DBY and UTY; DU145 expressed DAZ, RPS4Y, USP9Y, TMSB4Y, DBY, EIAFIY, PRKY and SMCY; LNCaP expressed TSPY, SRY, BPY1, PRY, DAZ, RB...
Throughput and Delay Analysis on Uncoded and Coded Wireless Broadcast with Hard Deadline Constraints

Multimedia streaming applications have stringent QoS requirements. Typically each packet is associated with a packet delivery deadline. This work models and considers real-time streaming broadcast for stored-video over the downlink of a single cell. The broadcast capacity of the system subject to deadline constraints are derived for both uncoded and coded wireless broadcast schemes. Even under the deadline requirements, it is shown in this work that network coding is asymptotically throughput-optimal and can strictly outperform the best non-coding policy by analytically quantifying the optimal capacity when the file size is sufficiently large. A simple network coding policy is also proposed that achieves the asymptotic capacity while maintaining finite transmission delay (queueing + decoding delay). A new temporal-queue-length-based Lyapunov function is used to prove the optimality of this policy. Simulation shows that the simple coding policy outperforms the best non-coding policies even for broadcasting files of small sizes.
Seeking carotenoid pigments in amber-preserved fossil feathers

Plumage colours bestowed by carotenoid pigments can be important for visual communication and likely have a long evolutionary history within Aves. Discovering plumage carotenoids in fossil feathers could provide insight into the ecology of ancient birds and non-avian dinosaurs. With reference to a modern feather, we sought chemical evidence of carotenoids in six feathers preserved in amber (Miocene to mid-Cretaceous) and in a feather preserved as a compression fossil (Eocene). Evidence of melanin pigmentation and microstructure preservation was evaluated with scanning electron and light microscopies. We observed fine microstructural details including evidence for melanin pigmentation in the amber and compression fossils, but Raman spectral bands did not confirm the presence of carotenoids in them. Carotenoids may have been originally absent from these feathers or the pigments may have degraded during burial; the preservation of microstructure may suggest the former. Significantly, we show that carotenoid plumage pigments can be detected without sample destruction through an amber matrix using confocal Raman spectroscopy.
Proton transfer in nanoconfined polar solvents. 1. Free energies and solute position.

The reaction free energy curves for a model phenol−amine proton-transfer system in a confined CH3Cl solvent have been calculated by Monte Carlo simulations. The free energy curves, as a function of a collective solvent coordinate, have been obtained for several fixed reaction complex radial positions (based on the center-of-mass). A smooth, hydrophobic spherical cavity was used to confine the solvent, and radii of 10 and 15 A have been considered. Quantum effects associated with the transferring proton have been included by adding the proton zero-point energy to the classical free energy. The results indicate the reaction complex position can be an important component of the reaction coordinate for proton-transfer reactions in nanoconfined solvents.
Reaction rate constant for the BGK model

Abstract The exact rate constant is found for reaction modelled as passage over a parabolic barrier subject to solvent collisions described by the BGK model.
Regulation and the Disadvantaged: The Case of the Creditors’ Remedies Rule:

This paper discusses the development of, and key issues surrounding, an FTC regulation designed specifically to help the disadvantaged. Suggestions are made for improving: the input from the disadv...
Perception of refusal assertion. The effects of conversational comments and compliments.

Research on the perception of assertive behavior has suggested that although assertion may result in compliance with one's requests, assertion alone may be negatively evaluated. Recent research has suggested that an opportunity to observe models in commendatory situations may mitigate the negative impact of assertion. This study evaluated whether an opportunity to observe models in conversational situations could also mitigate the negative impact of assertion. Findings suggested that the addition of conversational comments to an individual's repertoire of social skills mitigated the negative perceptions of assertion alone. When compared with commendatory comments, conversational comments resulted in similar evaluations for females and more favorable evaluations for males. Also, the findings of the present study suggest a cumulative impact of exposure to assertion, implying possible artifactual results in some previous perception of assertiveness research.
Cyclic nucleotide-dependent protein kinases

The actions of several hormones and neurotransmitters evoke signal transduction pathways which rapidly elevate the cytosolic concentrations of the intracellular messengers, cAMP and cGMP. The cyclic-nucleotide dependent protein kinases, cAMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) and cGMP-dependent protein kinase (PKG), are the major intracellular receptors of cAMP and cGMP. These enzymes become active upon binding respective cyclic nucleotides and modulate a diverse array of biochemical events through the phosphorylation of specific substrate proteins. The focus of this review is to describe the progress made in understanding the structure and function of both PKA and PKG.
Development of an ocean surface emissivity model for wide swath imaging of wind speed to hurricane force

The Hurricane Imaging Radiometer, HIRad, is a new instrument for making wind and rain observations in hurricanes. It is being developed by NASA to give NOAA improved capability in forecasting hurricane intensity and track. HIRad is being designed to measure ocean surface wind speed up to greater than 70 m/sec. over a swath out to plusmn60 deg. Current surface emissivity models are not adequate for both high winds and a large swath so a HIRad model is being developed. NOAA, Stepped Frequency Microwave Radiometer brightness temperature measurements are being used in this development This paper presents a review of the HIRad wind speed model development and the preliminary results for both V-pol and H-pol.
Accuracy of emergency physician-performed limited echocardiography for right ventricular strain

Abstract Background Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common emergency department (ED) diagnosis with a wide range in mortality rates. Methods to identify and risk-stratify PE, including measuring right ventricular strain (RVS) by echocardiography (echo), are essential in providing effective and efficient care. A limited echo examination aims to expedite and increase availability of RVS determination through assessment at the bedside by the ED provider. Objective The objective is to determine the level of agreement and test characteristics of right ventricular dilation (RVd), as a marker of RVS, on limited echo compared with consultative echo. Methods This is a retrospective cohort study of consecutive ED patients undergoing limited echo examinations for chest pain, dyspnea, or hypotension and a subsequent consultative echo within 72 hours. κ values and test characteristics were calculated to determine the level of agreement and accuracy between the limited echo examination and consultative echo for RVd and RVS. Results There were 411 focused examinations performed by 69 different providers over a 12-month period (median, 5 examinations per provider). The prevalence of RVS on limited echo examination was 6.2% (n = 25). The κ value for the level of agreement between limited and consultative echo for RVd was 0.44 (95% confidence intervals [CI], 0.27-0.61). The specificity of RVd on limited echo for RVS was 0.98 (95% CI, 0.96-0.99) with 6 false-positive categorizations, whereas the sensitivity was 0.26 (95% CI, 0.16-0.37). Conclusions In this retrospective cohort study, limited echo demonstrated moderate agreement with consultative echo for RVd. Right ventricular dilation on limited echo was highly specific for RVS but had low sensitivity.
Workplace discrimination predicting racial/ethnic socialization across African American, Latino, and Chinese families.

Informed by Kohn and Schooler’s (1969) occupational socialization framework, this study examined linkages between racial/ethnic minority mothers’ perceptions of racial/ethnic discrimination in the workplace and adolescents’ accounts of racial/ethnic socialization in the home. Data were collected from 100 mother–early adolescent dyads who participated in a longitudinal study of urban adolescents’ development in the Northeastern United States, including African American, Latino, and Chinese families. Mothers and adolescents completed surveys separately. We found that when mothers reported more frequent institutional discrimination at work, adolescents reported more frequent preparation for bias messages at home, across racial/ethnic groups. Mothers’ experiences of interpersonal prejudice at work were associated with more frequent cultural socialization messages among African American and Latino families. Chinese youth reported fewer cultural socialization messages when mothers perceived more frequent interpersonal prejudice at work. Findings are discussed in the context of minority groups’ distinct social histories and economic status in the United States.
Total serum cholesterol and urinary dehydroepiandrosterone in humans

The relationship between urinary excretion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and total serum cholesterol was evaluated in an epidemiological study of coronary risk factors. The results of this study show statistically significant negative correlation (r = −0.238; P = 0.014) between the urinary excretion of DHEA (mg/g creatinine) and total serum cholesterol. Total serum cholesterol (r = 0.278) and to a lesser extent, DHEA (r = 0.021) were found to be correlated with age. However, it was determined that the correlation between serum cholesterol and urinary DHEA was not attributable to the effect of age, since the partial correlation coefficient between serum cholesterol and urinary DHEA adjusted for age (r = 0.240) was found to be statistically significant (P < 0.05). Negative but non-significant correlations were also found between urinary excretion of DHEA and many of the accepted risk factors for coronary heart disease.
On regenerative power management in more electric aircraft (MEA) power system

This paper discusses three power system topologies that are capable of handling regenerative power in EMA loads for more electric aircraft (MEA). A simple power system including a synchronous generator, an electromechanical actuator (EMA) and an electric accumulator unit (EAU) is builtto show the effectiveness of regenerative power management using EAU.
Living in the context of poverty and trajectories of breast cancer worry, knowledge, and perceived risk after a breast cancer risk education session.

Abstract Objectives The purpose of this paper was to demonstrate how living in neighborhoods with high levels of poverty (while controlling for personal income) impacts personal characteristics, which in turn impacts retention of breast cancer risk knowledge and changes in worry and perceived risk. Methods The data from this project come from a larger, National Cancer Institute-funded study that included a pretest, a breast cancer risk education session, a posttest, the option of an individualized risk assessment via the Gail Model and three follow-up phone calls over the next 9 months. Results The percent of individuals living below poverty in the community in which the participant resided was predictive of the personal characteristics assessed, and these characteristics were predictive of changes in breast cancer worry and knowledge across time. Conclusion Differentiation of self and monitoring, two of the individual characteristics that seem to allow people to process and use information to make “rational” decisions about health care, seem to be impacted by the necessity for adaptation to a culture of poverty. Thus, as a health care community, we need to tailor our messages and our recommendations with an understanding of the complex intersection of poverty and health care decision making.
Sequence of changes in neurofibrils (neurofilaments) induced in synaptic regions of bullfrogs by environmental temperature changes

Prolonged exposure of bullfrogs (R. catesbeiana) to a cold (6°C) environment causes a progressive increase in numbers of neurofibrillar boutons in synaptic regions of the midbrain and induces thickening of perikaryal neurofibrils. Quantitative estimates of the numbers of boutons in lamina 5 of the optic tectum with controlled conditions for reduced silver staining, show the effects are graded with respect to both temperature and duration of exposure. Initial acclimation to 18°C results in few neurofibrillar rings but upon changing to 6°C the counts increase linearly with time to reach a 20 fold increase at three weeks. Rewarming to 18°C causes a return to the original numbers in less than one day. In electron micrographs ring-shaped bundles of 100 A diameter neurofilaments are coextensive with the cold induced neurofibrillar boutons of light microscopy; both are absent following acclimation to a warm environment. The cold exposure also causes large accumulations of β glycogen particles to appear in axons, dendrites, and synaptic knobs.
Mechanism of Bradykinin-Induced Ca2+ Mobilization in Murine Proximal Tubule Epithelial Cells

Despite the recognized physiological role of bradykinin (BK) in the kidney in maintaining glomerular and tubule function and its role in pathological states such as endotoxemia, diabetes, and other diseases, relatively little is known about the mechanisms by which BK can impact kidney function. Furthermore, the signaling of BK receptors in the murine nephron has not been fully characterized. The present studies were undertaken to examine BK-stimulated Ca(2+) signaling using Fura-2 in the murine proximal tubule epithelial cell line TKPTS. BK produced a concentration-dependent rise in intracellular Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+)])(i) (pEC(50) = 8.39 +/- 0.04). Selective antagonists showed the rise in [Ca(2+)](i) was mediated through B2 receptors. The rise in [Ca(2+)](i) was rapid and reversible and was maximally stimulated at 1 microM (697 +/- 70 nM above basal level of 115 +/- 6 nM). Studies with thapsigargin and EGTA showed Ca(2+) mobilization was dependent on two events: release and influx. Both U73122 (1-[6-[[17-beta-3-methoxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien-17-yl]amino]hexyl]-1H-pyrrole-2,5-dione) [a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor] and genistein (a tyrosine kinase inhibitor) partially inhibited BK-stimulated rise in [Ca(2+)](i). When combined, both agents produced a further decrease, suggesting multiple pathways for PLC activation may be involved. The ability of Ni(2+) to inhibit influx indicated the activation of a Ca(2+) release-activated channel (CRAC). Ca(2+) mobilization did not seem to be affected by cyclic nucleotides or protein kinase C. In summary, the TKPTS murine proximal tubule cell line expresses functional B2 receptors linked to Ca(2+) mobilization that is dependent on phospholipase C and activation of CRAC.
Toward a general theory of infantile attachment: A comparative review of aspects of the social bond.

This critical appraisal of contemporary interpretations in the area of infantile attachment begins with an outline of the principal features of the Bowlby-Ainsworth ethological theory, the instrumental/operant learning theory of Gewirtz, and Hoffman's classical conditioning model. Some attention is also given to Cairns's contiguity learning analysis and the Hoffman-Solomon opponentprocess model Discussion of these theories is followed by a review of representative data from infants at four phyletic levels (precocial birds, dogs, monkeys, and human beings), with an emphasis on three aspects of social bonding: (a) the formation and persistence of social ties in the infant under conditions of maltreatment, (b) the role of the attachment object in the adjustment of the infant to the broader environment (the so-called secure base effect), and (c) the infant's reaction to involuntary separation from the attachment object. An attempt is made to judge how well each of the interpretations accounts for all or part of the data, with the conclusion that current theories do not accord completely with documented attachment phenomena. The following criticisms are highlighted: Ethological theory emphasizes that infants' behavior systems have been shaped by the ordinarily expectable environment and depend on that environment for their functioning, yet infants of many species form bonds to objects not typical in any species' environment, or even to sources of maltreatment. Learning theory is faulted for making predictions contradicted by the maltreatment data and for a lack of formal mechanisms to account for the secure base and separation effects. The contiguity analysis is criticized for its inability to account for the emergence of certain response patterns during separation, and the opponent-process model is called into question because of its failure to fit important affective dynamics of social separation (a central focus of this theory). Recommendations for future theories of attachment are offered.
Containing indeterminacy : Problems of representation and determination in Marx and Althusser

Examinant la conception de la representation constitutive des classes et de la representation politique chez Marx, l'A. distingue la question de la determination logique de celle de la determination causale des formes d'existence, en se referant a l'interpretation pratique de Marx developpee par Althusser
The Effects of High-Voltage, Low-Capacitance Electrical Discharges in the Dog!

Reported are the results on animals of 520 discharges from capacitors ranging in size from 250 to 3000 micro-microfarads, charged to voltages of 1 to 40 kilovolts. These discharges were sent through the animals at various instants in the heart cycle, and in most cases the current path was from foreleg to hind leg (analogous to the path from hand to foot). The time constant (RC) of the discharges also was varied by inserting resistances in the discharge circuit. None of these discharges produced ventricular fibrillation, cardiac arrest, or any other untoward effect which could be detected by the methods used. While it is impossible to accurately predict the human response to similar electric shocks, it seems probable that the same conclusion applies to adult man.
CRISTA: A New Paradigm for Low-Power, Variation-Tolerant, and Adaptive Circuit Synthesis Using Critical Path Isolation

Design considerations for robustness with respect to variations and low-power operations typically impose contradictory design requirements. Low-power design techniques such as voltage scaling, dual- , etc., can have a large negative impact on parametric yield. In this paper, we propose a novel paradigm for low-power variation-tolerant circuit design called critical path isolation for timing adaptiveness (CRISTA), which allows aggressive voltage scaling. The principal idea includes the following: 1) isolate and predict the set of possible paths that may become critical under process variations; 2) ensure that they are activated rarely; and 3) avoid possible delay failures in the critical paths by dynamically switching to two-cycle operation (assuming all standard operations are single cycle), when they are activated. This allows us to operate the circuit at reduced supply voltage while achieving the required yield. Simulation results on a set of benchmark circuits with Berkeley-predictive-technology-model [BPTM 70 nm: Berkeley predictive technology model] 70-nm devices that show an average of 60% improvement in power with small overhead in performance and 18% overhead in die area compared to conventional design. We also present two applications of the proposed methodology that include the following: 1) pipeline design for low power and 2) temperature-adaptive circuit design.
Strength of Association for Incident Diabetes Risk Factors According to Diabetes Case Definitions The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study

Prospective epidemiologic studies have characterized major risk factors for incident diabetes by a variety of diabetes case definitions. Whether different definitions alter the association of diabetes with risk factors is largely unknown. Using 1987–1998 data from the ongoing Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Study, the authors assessed the relation of traditional risk factors with 3 different diabetes case definitions and 4 fasting glucose categories. They compared the study protocol case definition with 2 nested case definitions, self-reported diabetes and a multiple-evidence definition. Significant differences in risk factor associations by case definition and by screening cutpoints were observed. Specifically, the magnitude of the association between the risk factors (baseline metabolic syndrome, fasting glucose, blood pressure, body mass index, and serum insulin) and incident diabetes differed by case definition. Associations with these risk factors were weaker with a case definition based on self-report compared with other definitions. These results illustrate the potential limitations of case definitions that rely solely on self-report or those that incorporate measured glucose values to ascertain undiagnosed cases. Although the ability to identify risk factors of diabetes was consistent for the case definitions studied, tests of novel risk factors may result in different estimates of effect sizes depending on the definition used.
Moving beyond Mean Glycemia: 1,5-Anhydroglucitol and Microvascular Complications of Diabetes

Defining the risk of microvascular complications associated with diabetes mellitus is clinically important for identifying at-risk individuals and evaluating treatment efficacy. The standard measure of mean glycemia, glycohemoglobin A1c (Hb A1c),3 is associated with incident microvascular complications among diabetic patients, but this biomarker fails to explain all of the observed risk (1). This has led to the hypothesis that microvascular complications may result not only from chronic sustained hyperglycemia but also from glycemic excursions (1). Therefore, identifying biomarkers that are associated with glycemic excursions has direct clinical significance. For example, in the landmark Diabetes Control and Complications Trial (DCCT) of conventional diabetes therapy vs intensive insulin therapy targeting low Hb A1c, matching attained Hb A1c across the 2 treatment arms did not produce similar reductions in incident microvascular complications (2). The higher rate of microvascular complications observed in the conventional therapy arm of DCCT may have been due to larger glycemic excursions, as this group had fewer insulin injections per day (3). Indeed, in DCCT, greater variability in an individual's Hb A1c measurements was associated with a higher risk of microvascular complications and added risk information beyond standard glycemic measures (4). Mechanistically, both hyperglycemia and glycemic excursions result in oxidative stress, likely through overproducing superoxide by the mitochondrial electron-transfer chain (5, 6), which generates advanced glycation end products, activates protein kinase C and nuclear factor-κB, enhances polyol activity, and increases hexosamine pathway flux (1, 7). 1,5-Anhydroglucitol (1,5-AG) is a candidate biomarker for glycemic excursions (8). 1,5-AG is a dietary monosaccharide, similar to glucose, that is freely filtered in the renal glomerulus and subsequently competes with glucose for reabsorption in the renal tubules. In the presence of high blood …
The Coefficient of Friction of a Polyamide/Polymethyl Methacrylate Blend System:

The coefficient of friction is an important tribological property of polymer materials. In this work, values for the coefficient of friction of a polyamide (nylon 6,6)/polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) blend system have been measured under various compressive stresses. The results show that the coeffi cient of friction of the amorphous polymer, PMMA, increases with increasing compressive stress; while the coefficient of friction of the crystalline polymer, nylon 6,6, either stays constant or decreases with increasing compressive stress. For crystalline polymers, the coefficient of friction measured parallel to the flow direction is lower than that measured perpendicular to the flow direc tion. The effect of sample orientation on the coefficient of friction of the amor phous polymer, PMMA, is insignificant. Values for the coefficient of friction of the blends measured are lower than those calculated from the additive rule for the coefficient of friction of the blend system. It is noteworthy that values for th...
A Method for the Solution of Roots of a Nonlinear Equation and for Solution of the General Eigenvalue Problem

A simple and yet powerful method of solving two of the more common numerical problems is heuristically derived and briefly discussed. The method makes possible the efficient solution of the zeros of a complex function, either transcendental or algebraic, of a complex variable. In addition, it is applicable to the computation of eigen values of a general matrix in which the parameter may appear in any elements of the matrix in a basically unrestricted way. The method is related to the classical secant and regula falsi methods for the finding of real zeros of a real function. Numerical examples of the method applied to several pathological matrices are presented.
Toxicosis in Cattle from Concurrent Feeding of Monensin and Dried Distiller's Grains Contaminated with Macrolide Antibiotics:

Consumption of monensin-containing feed contaminated with macrolide antibiotic residues resulted in the death of cattle from multiple feedlots in south-central Kansas. Cattle were fed milo dried distiller's grains (DDG) with solubles from a common source in conjunction with the ionophore antibiotic, monensin. Deaths occurred as early as 72-96 hours after feeding and were preceded by either no premonitory signs or 1 or more of the following: anorexia, depression, dyspnea, locomotor deficits, and recumbency. Significant gross lesions were pulmonary and mesenteric edema, hepatomegaly, and generalized myocardial and skeletal muscle pallor that was confirmed histologically as acute myodegeneration and necrosis. Other significant histologic lesions included centrolobular hepatocellular necrosis, congestion, and pulmonary interstitial and alveolar edema with fibrin exudation. Animals that survived beyond 6 weeks had poor weight gain and coalescing foci of myocardial fibrosis with residual myocardial degeneration. Analysis of trace mineral supplements for monensin were within the manufacturer's label range. The DDG samples from affected feedlots had 50-1,500 ppm of erythromycin, clarithromycin, and related macrolide antibiotic analogues, which originated in the alcohol residue. In a preliminary feeding trial, cattle fed this contaminated DDG in combination with monensin had clinical signs and died with gross and histologic findings comparable to those of the field cases. Even though rations supplemented with the contaminated DDG contained approved levels of monensin, the clinical and postmortem findings were consistent with those expected for monensin toxicosis. The presence of macrolide antibiotic residues in the contaminated feed appeared to affect the biotransformation of otherwise nontoxic levels of monensin, leading to clinical ionophore toxicosis.
Dietary Fiber in the Management of Diabetes

It generally is accepted that a diet high in fiber, particularly soluble fiber, is useful in the management of the plasma glucose concentration in individuals with diabetes. This is one of the reasons several national diabetes associations have recommended that diabetic individuals ingest a diet high in fiber-containing foods. However, more recent data obtained in carefully controlled studies with more definitive end points, indicate this may not be the case. It has been shown clearly that addition of water-soluble, gel-forming fiber in the form of guar gum and perhaps gum tragacanth to an ingested glucose solution or to a mixed meal will reduce the expected rise in glucose concentration. This has been demonstrated in both normal subjects and subjects with IDDM and NIDDM. However, it is only observed when large amounts of fiber are added. The fiber also must be mixed with the administered glucose or food. Other less viscous soluble fiber sources such as the pectins and psyllium powder are not effective. In long-term, well-controlled trials, guar gum, pectin, beet fiber, or cereal bran fiber ingested with meals has been of little or no value in controlling the plasma glucose concentration in individuals with NIDDM. Several studies have been conducted in which a high-carbohydrate diet has been reported to reduce the plasma glucose concentration. In these diets, foods with a high fiber content have been emphasized. In general, they were not well controlled, and several confounding variables such as weight loss, decreased food energy intake, different food sources with potential for differences in starch digestibility, and decreased dietary fat content were present.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Large neomucosal space 25 years after mesh repair of ventral hernia.

Abstract A 64-year-old, otherwise healthy, male patient presented with a malodorous abdominal wall fistula of recent onset. He gave a history of mesh repair of ventral hernia 25 years ago. Computed tomography scan of the abdomen revealed a 15 cm × 15 cm thick-walled cavity inside the abdomen adjacent to bowel loops and the prosthetic mesh. Resection of the mass included a 25-cm segment of small bowel. Histopathology revealed a thick-walled large cavity lined with mucosa, surrounding a large wrinkled sheet of permanent mesh.
Hepcidin is elevated in mice injected with Mycoplasma arthritidis

Mycoplasma arthritidis causes arthritis in specific mouse strains. M. arthritidis mitogen (MAM), a superantigen produced by M. arthritidis, activates T cells by forming a complex between the major histocompatability complex II on antigen presenting cells and the T cell receptor on CD4+ T lymphocytes. The MAM superantigen is also known to interact with Toll-like receptors (TLR) 2 and 4. Hepcidin, an iron regulator protein, is upregulated by TLR4, IL-6, and IL-1. In this study, we evaluated serum hepcidin, transferrin saturation, ferritin, IL-6, IL-1, and hemoglobin levels in M. arthritidis injected C3H/HeJ (TLR2+/+, TLR4-/-) mice and C3H/HeSnJ (TLR2+/+, TLR4+/+) mice over a 21 day period. C3H/HeJ mice have a defective TLR4 and an inability to produce IL-6. We also measured arthritis severity in these mice and the amount of hepcidin transcripts produced by the liver and spleen. C3H/HeJ mice developed a more severe arthritis than that of C3H/HeSnJ mice. Both mice had an increase in serum hepcidin within three days after infection. Hepcidin levels were greater in C3H/HeJ mice despite a nonfunctioning TLR4 and low serum levels of IL-6. Splenic hepcidin production in C3H/HeJ mice was delayed compared to C3H/HeSnJ mice. Unlike C3H/HeSnJ mice, C3H/HeJ mice did not develop a significant rise in serum IL-6 levels but did develop a significant increase in IL-1β during the first ten days after injection. Both mice had an increase in serum ferritin but a decrease in serum transferrin saturation. In conclusion, serum hepcidin regulation in C3H/HeJ mice does not appear to be solely dependent upon TLR4 or IL-6.
Christian Faith as a Resiliency Factor in Coping with Immigration and Unemployment: Mental Health Implications

ABSTRACTThe resiliency of Christian faith in coping with immigration and unemployment is assessed. Analysis is based on data from two distinct research projects, one on immigration (n = 123) and the other on unemployment (n = 120). Although Christian faith appears an immense resiliency factor for many respondents, for the chronically unemployed individuals it becomes obsolete and a feeble support system. Respondents estimate that the Church has a critical role to play in the pursuit of social justice and the protection of fundamental human rights. Study limitations, mental health and church implications as well as potential future research directions are highlighted.
“Love Doesn’t Just Happen…”: Parent-Child Communication About Marriage

This study takes an exploratory, qualitative approach to examine the communication between parents and their children on the topic of marriage. Two research questions guide this study regarding what messages newlyweds recall receiving from their parents about marriage and how accurate the newlyweds perceive these messages to be. An inductive theme analysis revealed several meanings of marriage were transmitted from parent to child: Marriage means a lifelong commitment, marriage means work, and traditional values of marriage. Largely, these meanings of marriage were perceived to be accurate by the newlyweds.
Primary and secondary effects of real‐time feedback to reduce vertical loading rate during running

Gait modifications are often proposed to reduce average loading rate (AVLR) during running. While many modifications may reduce AVLR, little work has investigated secondary gait changes. Thirty-two rearfoot runners [16M, 16F, 24.7 (3.3) years, 22.72 (3.01) kg/m2 , >16 km/week] ran at a self-selected speed (2.9 ± 0.3 m/s) on an instrumented treadmill, while 3D mechanics were calculated via real-time data acquisition. Real-time visual feedback was provided in a randomized order to cue a forefoot strike (FFS), a minimum 7.5% decrease in step length, or a minimum 15% reduction in AVLR. AVLR was reduced by FFS (mean difference = 26.4 BW/s; 95% CI = 20.1, 32.7; P < 0.001), shortened step length (8.4 BW/s; 95% CI = 2.9, 14.0; P = 0.004), and cues to reduce AVLR (14.9 BW/s; 95% CI = 10.2, 19.6; P < 0.001). FFS, shortened step length, and cues to reduce AVLR all reduced eccentric knee joint work per km [(-48.2 J/kg*m; 95% CI = -58.1, -38.3; P < 0.001), (-35.5 J/kg*m; 95% CI = -42.4, 28.6; P < 0.001), (-23.1 J/kg*m; 95% CI = -33.3, -12.9; P < 0.001)]. However, FFS and cues to reduce AVLR also increased eccentric ankle joint work per km [(54.49 J/kg*m; 95% CI = 45.3, 63.7; P < 0.001), (9.20 J/kg*m; 95% CI = 1.7, 16.7; P = 0.035)]. Potentially injurious secondary effects associated with FFS and cues to reduce AVLR may undermine their clinical utility. Alternatively, a shortened step length resulted in small reductions in AVLR, without any potentially injurious secondary effects.
Processing Map for Zr-based In-situ β Phase Composites

The processing map for Zr-based bulk metallic glasses with crystalline in-situ precipitates (â phase) has been constructed from high temperature phase information, chemical composition analysis, and â phase crystallization kinetics. The phase evolution was detected in-situ by high energy synchrotron X-ray, and kinetic information on crystalline phase was measured from electrostatic levitation facility (ESL). This processing map offers a unique opportunity to control both volume and size of the dendritic â phase through composition and processing condition manipulation. The volume fraction of â phase can be customized from 6% to 93 %, and dendrite size is controllable between 1 and 50 µm at the current stage.
Potassium, Zinc and Distillers Dried Solubles as Supplements to a Purified Diet

Abstract Dannenburg et al. (1955) reported that the ash of distillers dried solubles gave a growth response in chicks when added to a purified diet containing an isolated soybean protein. Potassium, among several elements tested, was reported to be ineffective and a high level of calcium was found to depress the rate of growth. Under the usual conditions the diet should have supplied adequate zinc, but it seemed worthwhile to test the value of supplemental zinc in view of the occurrence of a zinc dificiency in swine when a high level of calcium is added to practical rations. Calculations indicate that the mineral mixture used by Dannenburg et al. supplied less than the recommended level of potassium. This has been pointed out previously by Briggs (1956). White Rock male chicks were housed in battery brooders from hatching to four weeks of age. They were the randomized progeny of hens that received …