cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Age-Crime Debate: Assessing the Limits of Longitudinal Self-Report Data

Research presented in this article addresses some of the competing claims about the value of prospective longitudinal self-report data for studying the relationship between age and crime. More specifically, the debate over the magnitude of potential testing effects in longitudinal data is assessed by analyzing involvement in delinquency, serious offending, and victimization using self-report data from the first five waves of the National Youth Survey. The results of growth curve analyses suggest that panel and maturation effects warrant serious concern in longitudinal studies that rely on self-report information. The analyses show that regardless of the subject's age at the start of data collection, average self-reported involvement in crime declined substantially over time. Data from external sources suggest that period effects are not responsible for this decline. Furthermore, while traditional measures of delinquency are reliable for studying between-individual differences in crime, these same measures may lack the reliability necessary for studying between-individual differences in changes in crime over time.
Reply to Opler on Apachean Subsistence, Residence, and Girls' Puberty Rites

Archaeological evidence shows that Apaches occupied the central Plains area from A.D. 1525–1725 in Wyoming, South Dakota. Nebraska, Kansas, and Colorado. Toward the end of this period they were semi-sedentary farmers living in houses generically like those of the Plains-Prairies earth lodge. Because in their southward migration they contacted Plains-Prairies farmers earlier than those in the Southwest proper, and farming was women-dominated and residence matrilocal for the Hidatsa, Mandan, Arikara, Pawnee, and Wichita, it seems highly probable that these Plains Apaches acquired matrilocal residence and a female farming division of labor at this time before contacting Tanoans in the Southwest. The more western Apacheans, who may not have had contact with Plains tribes, could have acquired matrilocal residence from western Pueblos, including the Keresans, who were probably all matrilocal before Spanish contact. It is doubtful that the wild plant gathering of Apachean women was sufficient to cause matrilocal residence, because in parts of California and the Great Basin where women gathered a greater proportion of the diet than Apachean women, residence was vary rarely matrilocal.
Breakdown voltage enhancement from channel quantization in InAl/As/n/sup +/-InGaAs HFET's

In/sub 0.52/Al/sub 0.48/As/n/sup +/-In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As HFETs have been fabricated with different channel thicknesses. It is shown that by reducing the channel thickness from 350 to 100 AA, the reverse gate breakdown voltage improves from 9 to 19 V. This is partially attributed to the increased effective bandgap that results from energy quantization in the channel. This bandgap enhancement is directly confirmed by photoluminescence (PL) measurements on the same heterostructures. Channel quantization emerges as a promising approach for exploiting the excellent transport properties of InGaAs with high InAs mole fraction. The principle behind the work should be applicable to other narrow-gap semiconductors. >
Efficient image fusion method based on the Fourier transform by introducing sensor spectral response

Different fusion methods were proposed in image sensing applications to inject features extracted from the panchromatic image (PAN) with high spatial resolution into the multi-spectral image (MS) while trying to improve its low spatial resolution to reach that of the PAN image and preserve its spectral signatures. The objective is to obtain an image that should be observed by a sensor, which would deliver, if it existed, a single image with both the high spatial resolution of the PAN image and the high spectral resolution of the MS image. These methods, by injecting the same energy of the extracted features into MS image bands, result in spectral distortions. Since the PAN image is rich in frequencies, an interesting approach is to inject its high spatial frequencies into MS image bands. A new approach to image fusion using the Fourier transform with a new injection model defined from the sensor characteristics to avoid the injection of the same energy of high spatial frequencies into all MS image bands is proposed. A set of examples with both qualitative evaluation and various spectral and spatial quantitative measures are given to show the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed approach. Also, this method is computationally fast and can be used to quickly merge a massive volume of data.
Rare CpG Island Methylator Phenotype in Ulcerative Colitis–Associated Neoplasias

Background & Aims: We previously reported that a high degree of age-related methylation was found in both the dysplastic and nondysplastic mucosa of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). Whether this translates into hypermethylation in UC-associated cancers (UC-Cs) is not known. Methods: We evaluated the methylation status of 11 genes (MINT1, 2, 31, hMLH1, p16, p14, MGMT, HPP1, SFRP1, ERα, and LINE-1) in 48 UC-Cs, 21 UC-associated dysplasias, and 69 sporadic colorectal cancers (S-CRCs) using a quantitative bisulfite pyrosequencing analysis. Results: Methylation levels in UC-Cs were lower than S-CRCs for all the genes except MGMT. A methylation index based on the average of Z-scores, for type C (cancer-specific genes: MINT1, MINT2, MINT31, hMLH1, p16, and p14) was −.97 in UC-Cs and .92 in S-CRCs ( P = .009). That of type A (age-related genes: HPP1, SFRP1, and ERα) was −1.97 in UC-Cs and 1.24 in S-CRCs ( P P = .022). UC-associated dysplasias had significantly higher methylation of type A gene than UC-Cs (Z-score: .07 and −1.97, respectively; P P Conclusions: DNA methylation alterations are uncommon in UC cancers. Given that both genetic and epigenetic changes are common in UC mucosa and dysplasias, we speculate that the genetic changes lead to a more aggressive clinical course than epigenetic changes.
Children with Deep Space Neck Infections: Our Experience with 178 Children

ObjectiveTo identify clinical features associated with unsuccessful medical therapy in children with deep space neck infections (DSNIs).Study DesignConsecutive case series with chart review.SettingTertiary-care, academic children’s hospital.Subjects and MethodsOne hundred seventy-eight pediatric patients treated for retropharyngeal or parapharyngeal infections between July 1, 2007, and May 23, 2012.ResultsMedian age was 34.5 months (2.9 years; range, 2-142 months); two-thirds were male. Increased surgical drainage was found in children age ≤15 months (P = .002) and for abscesses >2.2 cm (P = .0001). Risk factors associated with increased likelihood of medical therapy failure included age ≤51 months, intensive care unit admission, and computed tomography findings consistent with abscess size >2.2 cm. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infections were found more often in younger children, with the highest incidence in those ≤15 months of age (P = .001). All children had resolution of infection.Conc...
This Old Stereotype: The Pervasiveness and Persistence of the Elderly Stereotype

Americans stereotype elderly people as warm and incompetent, following from perceptions of them as noncompetitive and low status, respectively. This article extends existing research regarding stereotyping of older people in two ways. First, we discuss whether the mixed elderly stereotype is unique to American culture. Data from six non-U.S. countries, including three collectivist cultures, demonstrate elderly stereotypes are consistent across varied cultures. Second, we investigate the persistence of the evaluatively-mixed nature of the elderly stereotype. In an experiment, 55 college students rated less competent elderly targets (stereotype-consistent) as warmer than more competent (stereotype-inconsistent) and control elderly targets. We also discuss the type of discrimination—social exclusion—that elderly people often endure.
Customizable Fault Tolerant Caches for Embedded Processors

The continuing divergence of processor and memory speeds has led to the increasing reliance on larger caches which have become major consumers of area and power in embedded processors. Concurrently, intra-die and inter-die process variation at future technology nodes will cause defect-free yield to drop sharply unless mitigated. This paper focuses on an architectural technique to configure cache designs to be resilient to memory cell failures brought on by the effects of process variation. Profile-driven re-mapping of memory lines to cache lines is proposed to tolerate failures while minimizing degradation in average memory access time (AMAT) and thereby significantly boosting performance-based die yield beyond that which can be achieved with current techniques. For example, with 50% of the number of cache lines faulty, the performance drop quantified by increase in AMAT using our technique is 12.5% compared to 60% increase in AMAT using existing techniques.
Calyculin synthetic studies. 4. remarkable reversal of diastereo-selectivity in payne epoxidation of vinyl spiroketal intermediates

Abstract Differential protection of two secondary hydroxyl groups led to a dramatic reversal of diastereofacial selectivity in Payne epoxidation of vinyl spiroketals 2a–g, key building blocks in a proposed total synthesis of calyculins A–H.
Assessment: Neurologic risk of immunization: report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology.

Immunization programs are among the most cost-effective public health measures. They are the first line of defense against infectious disease, and when abandoned, epidemics often follow. Vaccines are biological products and some differences exist from lot to lot. Although no vaccine is 100% effective or safe, modern vaccines have an excellent safety record. Smallpox was eradicated by a global immunization program, and the eradication of poliomyelitis is within reach for the year 2000. Physicians are quick to blame vaccines for adverse neurologic events that follow immunizations. This bias probably originated with the first vaccines for rabies. They were grown in the CNS of mature animals, contained myelin basic protein, and often caused encephalomyelitis. In fact, no vaccine currently licensed for use in the United States is known to cause or exacerbate a demyelinating disorder of the CNS. The United States maintains the most extensive obligatory childhood immunization schedule of any country, but has one of the worst records of infant immunization (table 1). The main reasons for the low immunization rate are deficiencies in health care delivery and access in the public sector. Full immunization is only realized at age 5, when it becomes prerequisite for school entry. View this table: Table 1. Schedule of routine immunization of healthy infants and children Immunization practices are recommended to the Surgeon General by the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) of the Centers of Disease Control and Prevention. New recommendations of the ACIP are published in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Reports and are the standard of care for immunization practice. The annual influenza vaccine is recommended by the ACIP for “any person who wishes to reduce the chance of becoming infected with influenza.” One would think this should be everyone. Several vaccines are recommended for specific classes of adults: the aged and infirm, health care professionals, the …
Adjustment Patterns in Incarcerated Women: An Analysis of Differences Based on Sentence Length

This study investigated how adjustment patterns in incarcerated women are related to length of sentence. Participants included 692 female inmates who were divided into groups based on prison senten...
Applying Software Development Lifecycles in Teaching Introductory Programming Courses

In this paper, we introduce a new software development method that emphasizes software testing cycles and makes a cultural change in program development. In our approach, students follow the software lifecycles to develop their programs; specifically, a student who is to write a program begins by writing a test suite and completes other development cycles. Students in programming courses usually develop "toy" programs that are superficially tested, graded, and eventually discarded. Generally, students are not worried about the quality or maintenance of their products. We believe this style of teaching programming courses leaves students unprepared for developing reliable software. Industry leaders also claimed that more than 50% of a software projects budget was spent on activities related to improving software quality. They stated the reason was the inadequate attention paid to software quality in the development phase. Our approach integrates into the existing programming courses without changing the course contents, syllabus, policies, or loads, and our model improves the students program quality, in terms of black-box testing. Students indicated that our method helped them in understanding the problems and writing the programs, made the code easier to debug, and improved the students code reliability and quality.
Thermooptic-based differential measurements of weak solute absorptions with an interferometer

An interferometric method of measuring small differences between weak optical absorptions of solutions has been developed using the thermooptic effect. To record the small changes in optical path length ∼λ/200 due to heating, it was necessary to stabilize the fringe pattern with respect to slow thermal drift using a galvanometer-driven compensator plate controlled by a closed feedback loop. Fringe shifts from background absorptions were nulled out to better than 1 part in 400, permitting the measurement of differences in absorptions between two solutions that were 1/100th of background. Using laser powers of 100 mW, absorptions ∼5 × 10−6 cm−1 (base e) could be measured with CCl4 solutions.
EXEMPLARIST VIRTUE THEORY

In this essay I outline a radical kind of virtue theory I call ‘‘exemplarism,’’ which is foundational in structure but which is grounded in exemplars of moral goodness, direct reference to which anchors all the moral concepts in the theory. I compare several different kinds of moral theory by the way they relate the concepts of the good, a right act, and a virtue. In the
Smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF), pathogenesis and treatment of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP), and transbronchial biopsy in UIP

This review focuses on three selected topics of current interest that are related to chronic fibrosing lung disorders and are important for pathologists. First, the clinical and pathologic features of smoking-related interstitial fibrosis (SRIF) are highlighted. SRIF is a common finding in smokers that has striking histologic changes but only mild associated clinical manifestations. It is characterized by marked alveolar septal fibrosis composed of a distinct form of hyalinized collagen deposition. The process is present mainly in subpleural and centrilobular parenchyma and is associated with emphysema and respiratory bronchiolitis. Second, important aspects of the pathogenesis and treatment of usual interstitial pneumonia (UIP) are reviewed. The current theory proposes that UIP is caused by tiny foci of acute lung injury (manifest pathologically by fibroblast foci) that occur and recur in the interstitium over many years. Inflammation may be present as a secondary phenomenon, but is not the primary cause, and therefore anti-inflammatory agents have little effect. The recurrent injury leads to permanent fibrosis, through a process that is considered to represent a form of abnormal wound healing. Multiple therapies have been attempted that are aimed largely at interrupting the fibrosing process, but none have been successful. The cause of the injury is unknown, but a role for aspiration due to gastroesophageal reflux is a popular current theory, and there is some evidence that anti-reflux therapy may be beneficial. Genetic predisposition has been implicated in the etiology of familial cases, and there is evidence that telomere shortening may be important in sporadic cases. Third, the use of transbronchial biopsy (TBB) in diagnosing UIP is reviewed. TBB can provide a surprising amount of information and is especially useful in certain situations, such as elderly or very sick patients in whom surgical lung biopsy carries increased morbidity and mortality.
Generalized Krylov recycling methods for solution of multiple related linear equation systems in electromagnetic analysis

In this paper we propose methods for fast iterative solution of multiple related linear systems of equations. Such systems arise, for example, in building pattern libraries for interconnect parasitic extraction, parasitic extraction under process variation, and parameterized interconnect characterization. Our techniques are based on a generalized form of "recycled" Krylov subspace methods that use sharing of information between related systems of equations to accelerate the iterative solution. Experimental results on electromagnetics problems demonstrate that the proposed method can achieve a speed-up of 5X~30X compared to direct GMRES applied sequentially to the individual systems. These methods are generic, fully treat nonlinear perturbations without approximation, and can be applied in a wide variety of application domains outside electromagnetics.
Average and Phasor Models of Single Phase PV Generators for Analysis and Simulation of Large Power Distribution Systems

As the penetration of distributed PV generation increases, its impact on the stability and security of the power system will become more and more significant. Suitable models for the PV generators are needed for studying the dynamics in a power system containing many such distributed PV generators. In this paper, two dynamic models for residential single phase PV converters are developed for fast simulation of power distribution systems with multiple PV generators: a simplified average model and a phasor model. The former is useful for time-domain simulation. The latter is suitable for fast phasor simulation where only the magnitudes and phases at the line frequency of the voltages and currents in the power system network are of interest. Simulations are conducted to show the improved simulation speed and to validate the accuracy of the developed models.
Assemblage of Hymenoptera arriving at logs colonized by Ips pini (Coleoptera: Curculionidae: Scolytinae) and its microbial symbionts in western Montana

Colonization of a tree by bark beetles and their symbionts creates a new habitat for a diverse assemblage of arthropods, including competing herbivores, xylophages, fungivores, saprophages, predators, and parasitoids. Understanding these assemblages is important for evalu- ating nontarget effects of various management tactics and for subsequently evaluating how changes in climate, the presence of invasive species, and altered forestry practices and land-use tenure may affect biodiversity. We characterized the assemblage of hymenopterans attracted to logs of ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson (Pinaceae)) colonized by the bark beetle Ips pini (Say) and its microbial symbionts. In one experiment, the composition and relative abun- dances of species arriving at hosts colonized by I. pini, and possible sources of attraction, were determined. Treatments consisted of a log containing I. pini with its natural complement of mi- croorganisms, a log alone, and a blank control. A second experiment was carried out to deter- mine whether or not Hymenoptera were attracted to microbial symbionts of I. pini. Treatments consisted of a blank control, a log alone, a log containing I. pini with its natural complement of microorganisms, either Ophiostoma ips, Burkholderia sp., or Pichia scolyti, and a log inoculated with a combination of these three microorganisms. Over 2 years, 5163 Hymenoptera were cap- tured, of which over 98% were parasitoids. Braconidae, Platygastridae, Encyrtidae, Pteromalidae, and Ichneumonidae were the most abundant. Seven known species of bark beetle parasitoids (all Pteromalidae) were captured. However, parasitoids of Diptera, Lepidoptera, Hymenoptera, and non-wood-boring Coleoptera were also common. Nineteen species showed preferential attraction to host plants infested with I. pini and its complement of microorganisms, host plants inoculated with I. pini microbial symbionts, or host plants alone. Interestingly, many of these species were parasitoids of phytophagous, fungivorous, and saprophytic insects rather than of bark beetles themselves. These results suggest that a diverse assemblage of natural enemies that attack vari- ous feeding guilds within a common habitat exploit common olfactory cues. 199 Resume—La colonisation d'un arbre par les scolytes et leurs symbiontes cree un nouvel habitat pour divers peuplements d'arthropodes, en particulier des herbivores competiteurs, des xylopha- ges, des mycetophages, des saprophages, des predateurs et des parasitoides. Il est important de comprendre ces peuplements pour pouvoir evaluer les effets non cibles des diverses tactiques de gestion et pour ensuite determiner de quelle maniere le changement climatique, la presence d' es- peces envahissantes, ainsi que les changements dans les pratiques forestieres et l'utilisation des terres, peuvent affecter la biodiversite. Nous decrivons le peuplement d'hymenopteres attires par les troncs de pin ponderosa (Pinus ponderosa C. Lawson (Pinaceae)) colonises par le scolyte du
Simulating hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic oceanic flows

The thin aspect ratio of oceanic basins is simultaneously a complication to contend with when developing ocean models and an opportunity to simplify the equations of motion. Here we discuss these two aspects of this geometric feature in the context of hydrostatic and non-hydrostatic ocean models. A simple analysis shows that the horizontal viscous operator in the hydrostatic primitive equations plays a central role in the specification of boundary conditions on the lateral vertical surfaces bounding the domain. The asymptotic analysis shows that for very thin aspect ratios the leading-order flow cannot be closed unless additional terms in the equations are considered, namely either the horizontal viscous forces or the non-hydrostatic pressure forces. In either case, narrow boundary layers must be resolved in order to close the circulation properly. The computational cost increases substantially when non-hydrostatic effects are taken into account.
Real-time acquisition and data analysis of skeletal muscle contraction in a multi-user environment

A data acquisition system is described which acquires data from contracting skeletal muscle. The system is designed to run in a multi-user environment while acquiring contractile data in real-time. Time dedicated solely to laboratory experiments is thus eliminated. A menu-driver is included to allow users to enter experimental commands with or without command arguments. Error monitoring functions prevent operator errors from causing data loss. Data storage in both ASCII and binary formats maximizes file flexibility, readability and accessibility. Finally, an on-line tutorial and help facility is provided for user training. The system developed is applicable to any experimental environment involving data acquisition, storage and analysis.
Introduction to Electronic Image Processing

This chapter gives a historical background of image storage and retrieval and the development of electronic image processing. The applications and use of modern electronic image processing are also presented, followed by a short discussion of human visual perception and how it relates to electronic image processing. A model for image formation is presented, followed by the spatial sampling and quantization of images. Finally, two types of electronic image acquisition systems are presented. Throughout the history of mankind, there has been the desire of the human race to record an instance of time for future generations via the use of pictures (images). Pictures have also been used in various early languages, providing an easy method of communicating information from one human to the next. The earliest documented use of images to communicate an idea is seen in the drawings created by the early cavemen. Using primitive tools, images were recorded into stone describing the details of everyday life. Important events such as the winning or losing of a battle were often recorded with these man-made images. Even though these images were used for communication purposes, today they give a historical record of early human civilization, providing the details of everyday life. The importance of pictures used as a language to represent ideas is also well illustrated by Egyptian hieroglyphics. The prolific preservation of this language engraved in the stone of various Egyptian remains has provided historians with a detailed story of the Egyptian civilization.
Current and future status of extracorporeal life support for respiratory failure in adults

Purpose of reviewThe purpose is to review the development and current application of extracorporeal life support [ECLS, extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO)] in acute severe respiratory failure.Recent findingsExtracorporeal support (ECMO) is used for acute severe respiratory failure in advance
Comparative effects of glycogen and antigen-antibody reactions on serotonin and histamine in the rabbit.

SummaryWhen glycogen is incubated with normal rabbit blood, both serotonin and histamine are released from the platelets. EDTA inhibits this release. Intravenous injection of glycogen into rabbits produces a marked fall in whole blood concentration and a rise in lung content of serotonin and histamine. These results are secondary to trapping of platelets in the lung. In addition, both serotonin and histamine are released into the plasma. All of these changes are identical to those obtained when antigen is injected intravenously into a sensitized rabbit or when an antigen-antibody complex precipitate is injected intravenously into a normal rabbit.
Effect of Surface Charge and Electrode Material on the Size-Dependent Oxidation of Surface-Attached Metal Nanoparticles

Here we report on the size-dependent oxidation of Au nanoparticles (NPs) electrodeposited directly on indium tin oxide-coated glass (glass/ITO) electrodes as compared to those chemically synthesized and electrostatically or drop-cast deposited onto aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES)-modified, mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS)-modified, or unmodified glass/ITO electrodes. The peak oxidation potential (Ep) of 54 nm diameter Au NPs shifts by as much as 155 mV negative when deposited electrostatically on the highly positively charged glass/ITO/APTES surface and oxidized at low pH as compared to their oxidation on more neutral glass/ITO or glass/ITO/MPTMS surfaces at all pH’s and on glass/ITO/APTES at neutral pH. Electrodeposited Au NPs on glass/ITO of similar size also oxidize at more positive potentials due to the neutral electrode surface charge. Ag NPs show a similar charge dependence on their Ep. Interestingly, the Ep value of Au and Ag NPs smaller than about 10 nm in diameter is independent of surfa...
Overcrowding of mosquito populations : responses of larval Aedes aegypti to stress.

An experiment was performed to investigate the effects of overcrowding in larval Aedes aegypti (L.) and to illustrate the compensatory responses to stress in highdensity conditions. Density levels tested were 40, 160, 280, 400, 520, 640, 960, and 1280 larvae per 80 ml of solution. Some of the parameters evaluated included rates of larval development, onset and rates of larval-pupal ecdysis, pupal weights, and larval survival. Rates of larval development were drastically reduced as density was increased. Pupal weights were also reduced by overcrowding. Results indicated entire shifts in patterns of larval-pupal ecdysis as the densities were increased. Relationships between sex, survival, and weight as a function of increasing density were revealed. A descriptive model dealing with density relationships is presented. It attempts to develop some uniformity of terminology, to provide better comparisons between studies of the many aspects of overcrowding.
Symptom Burden In Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) and Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS)

Objective Symptom burden is the combined impact of symptoms from disease and treatment on daily functioning. Lack of symptom recognition may result in failure to address symptoms and maximize patient functioning. Patient-reported outcomes (PROs) can be endpoints in clinical trials to establish treatment benefits. The purpose of this study was to define the content domain for a PRO measure of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) symptom burden. Materials and Methods This is Part 1 of a study to develop a PRO AML/MDS symptom-burden measure. Patients with AML and MDS described symptoms over their disease courses in single qualitative interviews. Content analysis was used to identify symptoms and define the content domain for a PRO measure. After the interview, patients rated the worst severity of 13 common cancer-related symptoms in the last 24 hours on the M. D. Anderson Symptom Inventory (MDASI) to provide context for analysis. Results Thirty patients participated in an interview (see [Table 1][1]). Content analysis found a total of 39 symptoms, 14 reported by 20% or more patients, occurring over the disease course. Fatigue and distress (followed by pain) was the symptom reported most often. The mean number of symptoms reported by patients with AML (5.46; sd = 2.83) and by patients with MDS (7.33; sd=4.18) was not significantly different. Proportionately patients with MDS reported more fatigue, disturbed sleep, drowsiness, shortness of breath, headache, and sadness but less pain and numbness/tingling than AML patients. Both groups of patients described symptom interference with day-to-day activities. On the MDASI, fatigue (followed by distress and disturbed sleep) was the symptom reported most often in the last 24 hours. Fatigue had the highest mean severity rating (3.37, sd = 3.36, 0-10 scale) on the MDASI. View this table: Table 1 Patient Characteristics Conclusions Patients with AML and MDS experience numerous symptoms related to disease and treatment, with fatigue and distress being the most prominent throughout the disease course. Qualitatively, the symptom burden experienced by the two groups of patients is similar. These symptoms can cause significant interference with daily activities. Accurate assessment and management of symptoms is critical to ensure optimal treatment with the best quality of life. The content domain for a PRO symptom-burden measure of AML and MDS encompasses the severity and activity interference of common symptoms of AML and MDS and its treatment. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare. [1]: #T1
Occupational health risks associated with the use of germicides in health care

Environmental surfaces have been clearly linked to transmission of key pathogens in health care facilities, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus, Clostridium difficile, norovirus, and multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacilli. For this reason, routine disinfection of environmental surfaces in patient rooms is recommended. In addition, decontamination of shared medical devices between use by different patients is also recommended. Environmental surfaces and noncritical shared medical devices are decontaminated by low-level disinfectants, most commonly phenolics, quaternary ammonium compounds, improved hydrogen peroxides, and hypochlorites. Concern has been raised that the use of germicides by health care personnel may increase the risk of these persons for developing respiratory illnesses (principally asthma) and contact dermatitis. Our data demonstrate that dermatitis and respiratory symptoms (eg, asthma) as a result of chemical exposures, including low-level disinfectants, are exceedingly rare. Unprotected exposures to high-level disinfectants may cause dermatitis and respiratory symptoms. Engineering controls (eg, closed containers, adequate ventilation) and the use of personal protective equipment (eg, gloves) should be used to minimize exposure to high-level disinfectants. The scientific evidence does not support that the use of low-level disinfectants by health care personnel is an important risk for the development of asthma or contact dermatitis.
Autoimmune antireceptor diseases.

Among the entities that have been identified as resulting from antibody responses to cell-surface receptors are myasthenia gravis, Graves' disease, and one type of insulin-resistant diabetes. Patho...
Abstract 4514: Transcription down-regulation of c-Myc through nucleic acid clamp-mediated stabilization of the promoter G-quadruplex

MYC overexpression occurs in up to 80% of all cancers. Down-regulating MYC9s expression is an effective therapeutic strategy for the treatment of many of these cancers, and particularly for non-Hodgkin9s lymphoma (NHL). NHL is the fifth most common cancer type, accounting for 5% of all cancers and 4% of all cancer deaths. Developing MYC-targeting therapeutics will be very impactful to NHL patients. In the current study, we have developed a nucleic acid clamp to transcriptionally down-regulate MYC expression by stabilizing the G-quadruplex (G4) formed in the nuclease hypersensitivity element III1 promoter region. The clamps complement nucleotides on the 5’- and 3’- regions flanking the G4-forming sequence, linked together with an 18 angstrom abasic moiety. To date, the binding affinity and specificity, G4 structure stabilizing ability, MYC down-regulation capability, and the selective cytotoxicity on cancerous vs non-cancerous cell lines of these clamps have been confirmed by EMSA and electronic circular dichroism, DMS footprinting, luciferase reporter assay, and MTS viability assay respectively. Recently, various replacements have been explored to replace the abasic moiety with non-complementary nucleic acids and to optimize the phosphate backbone with peptide nucleic acids. In addition, complexation with block co-polymers is under investigation to develop a functionalizable nanotherapeutic for NHL. The highly selective G4 stabilizing ability of the clamps used in the current approach offers an advantage over traditional G4 stabilizing small molecules. This novel approach is a promising therapeutic for the treatment of MYC related malignancies, and provides a framework for future G4-therapeutic development for other high-value genes, such as kRAS, VEGF, c-KIT and many more. Citation Format: Taisen Hao, Tracy Brooks. Transcription down-regulation of c-Myc through nucleic acid clamp-mediated stabilization of the promoter G-quadruplex. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 4514.
Body mass index associations between mother and offspring from birth to age 18: the Fels Longitudinal Study.

SummaryBackground Parental obesity is a known determinant of childhood obesity. Previous research has shown a strong maternal influence on body mass index (BMI) during infancy and early childhood. Objectives The purpose of this research was to investigate the BMI associations between mother and offspring from birth to age 18 years. Methods Participants were selected from the Fels Longitudinal Study. The current study sample includes 427 (215 mother/son and 212 mother/daughter) mother/child pairs. These pairs are repeatedly measured at multiple age groups in children, resulting in a total of 6,263 (3,215 mother/son, 3,048 mother/daughter) observations for data analysis. Inclusion criteria were children with measured height and weight for BMI collected at ages 0 to 18 years and their mother with BMI data. Maternal influences of BMI on offspring BMI from birth to early adulthood were analyzed by Spearman correlations and linear regression analyses. Results Mother/son BMI correlations became statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) at age 5–6 years and were significant through puberty and into early adulthood at age 18 years. Mother/daughter correlations became significant at age 1.5 years and also continued through adolescence, puberty and early adulthood at age 18 years. Associations persisted after the study sample was grouped into life stages and adjusted for decade of birth and parity. Conclusions The mother/daughter relationship was more strongly correlated than the mother/son relationship and also became statistically significant at an earlier age than boys.
Applications of Three- and Many-Beam Theory

In this chapter we describe several experimental applications of the ideas outlined in Section 3.7 on three-beam theory. The previous chapter dealt mainly with techniques which depend on the matching of many-beam computed microdiffraction patterns to experimental patterns. In this chapter we are concerned with extracting simple rules and general predictions from the three-beam expression for the intensity distribution in CBED patterns, and in using these rules to extract information from experimental patterns. The determination of structure-factor signs (in centric crystals), the critical voltage effect, and the determination of crystal polarity can all be understood using this approach. Phase measurement in acentric crystals and dynamical shifts of HOLZ lines are also treated, since these topics may also be understood using three-beam theory. A more quantitative many-beam analysis will be required for accurate measurements.
Surgery for Cholesteatomatous Labyrinthine Fistula.

Objective:There is uncertainty regarding the ideal surgical management of cholesteatomatous labyrinthine fistulae. The objective was to review the published evidence to determine whether a differen...
Screening the activity of Lewis pairs for hydrogenation of CO2

AbstractCO2 capture coupled with CO2 conversion to hydrocarbon fuels could reduce the overall anthropogenic carbon footprint but requires an efficient catalytic pathway for CO2 hydrogenation. In this work, we examine functional groups that can be integrated within nanoporous materials, such as metal organic frameworks, that could lead to the development of materials that can selectively adsorb CO2 from flue gas and convert it into a useful fuel. We focus on the use of Lewis pair (LP) moieties as catalytic functional groups because of their activity for heterolytic dissociation of H2 and subsequent hydrogenation of CO2. However, most LP functional groups also strongly bind CO2, such that the catalytic site can be poisoned if the binding energy of CO2 is much stronger than that of H2. In this work, we screen a variety of LP moieties using density functional theory to compute the adsorption energies of H2 and CO2. We consider five classes of LP functional groups, with each class designed to explore modifying...
Linguistic and social cues for vocabulary learning in Dual Language Learners and their English-only peers

Abstract This study examined teachers’ (n = 29) linguistic and social cues and the vocabulary skills of Dual Language Learners (DLLs) and their English-only peers (5- to 6-year-olds; n = 226). Videotaped observations of classrooms serving high numbers of children from low-income and ethnic-minority backgrounds were coded for syntactic complexity (linguistic cues) and gestures (social cues). Students’ expressive vocabulary was measured in kindergarten (fall, spring); receptive vocabulary was used to determine risk status. Results revealed that, controlling for fall scores, teachers’ syntactic complexity positively predicted spring scores for DLLs and EO students. Follow up analyses revealed that teachers’ syntactic complexity positively predicted spring scores for children not at risk for language and literacy difficulties. Gestures also positively predicted students’ vocabulary outcomes. Findings suggest that the classroom language environment can be experienced as promoting to the extent it provides responsive language support for word learning.
Categorizing households into different food security states in Nigeria: the socio-economic and demographic determinants

The literature reiterates the need to employ indicators that reflect the multidimensional nature of food security. In a quest to capture the multidimensional nature of food security, this study uses a novel ideal that harmonizes two food security indicators (food expenditure (FOODexp) and dietary diversity score (DDS)) to categorize households into different levels of food security states in Nigeria. In addition, the study also examined factors that influence the probability of households being in different levels of food security states in the country. Our estimates show that about 66 and 60% of the households in the sample were food secure based on a single indicator such as FOODexp and DDS, respectively. However, by harmonizing the two indicators, results reveal that about 42% of the households are actually food secure. The implication of this is that about 24 and 18% of the households are transitory food insecure. Results also suggest that the use of a single indicator may wrongly classify households as food secure instead of categorizing them as transitory food insecure. Furthermore, the empirical results show that households that consume only home produced food have high probabilities of being food insecure, while households that consume only market-purchased food are less likely to be food insecure. The implication of this finding is that harmonization of food security indicators helps identify households with different nature of food (in) security problems that require different types of policy interventions most especially in Nigeria. The results of the empirical analysis also imply that market-based intervention policies that facilitate households’ access at all time to healthy foods of their choice should be given priority. This gives the household opportunity to benefit from greater varieties of food items offered by the market.
Convergence of Least-Squares Parameter Estimate Based Adaptive Control Schemes

Abstract We consider adaptive controllers for linear stochastic systems which use least-squares parameter estimates. We develop a convergence theory which has a "broad-spectrum" application to various such schemes, including the self-tuning regulator with and without fixing bo' self-tuning pole-zero placement schemes with noise shaping, etc. By a process of "Bayesian embedding", we show that the parameter estimates always converge, a "universal" convergence result, whenever the noise is white and Gaussian, and except for a set of true parameters of Lebesgue measure zero. Next we analyze the normal cquations of least squares to exhib it that all certainty-equivalent based schemes which employ an underlying stabilizing "design" methodology, are stable. Then we obtain various results which indicate the precise role played by "delay", persistence of excitation, etc., in determining the limiting values of the parameters estimates. These results allows us to prove specific self-tuning results, and stability properties, of a variety of adaptive control schemes using least-squares estimates of the parameters.
Drink Tourism: A Profile of the Intoxicated Traveler

Food and drink tourism has long been regarded as an important component of the tourism experience, where food and drink consumption provides the local cultural or authentic experience the tourist seeks. However, food and drink tourism has now transformed from an important component of the travel experience into the primary reason for destination selection. While local food and drink has often been used to develop rural tourism and secure the associated positive impacts to rural economic development, food and drink tourism has been under-researched. Previous studies have primarily focused on wine, used qualitative measures, and have examined tourist psychographic variables on a limited basis. Hence, this study examines the demand for drink tourism in the US Intermountain West through 700 in-person tourist surveys conducted at key tourism destinations (ski resorts, airports, national and state parks, and tourist information centers) bordering Utah, Nevada, Idaho, and Colorado in 2013 and 2014. Through cluster analysis, respondents are grouped into three sets (non-drink tourists, moderate-drink tourists, and high-drink tourists) and then the respondent demographic characteristics and interests, including travel-related preferences of each group, are compared.
PROP Nontaster Women Lose More Weight Following a Low-Carbohydrate Versus a Low-Fat Diet in a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Objective Taste blindness to 6-n-propylthiouracil (PROP) associates with increased fat preference and intake. No studies have matched a diet to a woman's PROP phenotype to improve weight loss. This study investigated (1) whether PROP nontaster (NT) women would lose more weight following a low-carbohydrate (LC) diet than a low-fat (LF) diet, and (2) whether PROP supertaster (ST) women would lose more weight following a LF diet than a LC diet. Methods One hundred seven women (BMI = 34.8 ± 0.5 kg/m2), classified as PROP NTs (n = 47) and STs (n = 60), were randomized to a LC or LF diet within a 6-month lifestyle intervention. Assessments included 4-day dietary recalls and biobehavioral and psychosocial questionnaires. Results At 6 months, NTs lost more weight following the LC than the LF diet (−8.5 ± 0.5 kg vs. −6.6 ± 0.5 kg, P = 0.008); there was no difference between STs following either diet (−8.8 ± 0.4 vs. −8.9 ± 0.5, P = 0.35). Dietary self-reports were unrelated to weight loss, and prescription of a LC diet associated with greater self-efficacy. Conclusions NT women lost more weight following the LC diet compared to the LF diet. Screening for PROP phenotype may help personalize diet therapy for NT women to optimize their short-term weight loss.
Design, Synthesis, and Evaluation of (2- (Pyridinyl)methylene)-1-tetralone Chalcones for Anticancer and Antimicrobial Activity

Background Chalcones, natural products produced by plants as a natural defense mechanisms against various pathogens, are molecules with structures that include two aromatic rings joined by an α, β unsaturated carbonyl system. Previous research has demonstrated that chalcones exhibit a wide variety of biological activities, including anticancer, antifungal, and antibiotic properties. Objective Our goal is to synthesize novel heterocyclic-containing chalcones and have their biological activities evaluated. Methods Sixteen chalcones were synthesized by the crossed aldol condensation of substituted tetralones with substituted pyridinylaldehydes. The products were purified by recrystallization in MeOH/H2O and characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and HRMS. Anticancer assays were performed by NCI (National Cancer Institute) against the NCI-60 panel of 60 different human cancer cell lines, including leukemia, non-small-cell lung cancer, colon, central nervous system, melanoma, ovarian, renal, prostate, and breast cancer. Antimicrobial assays were performed by COADD (Community for Open Antimicrobial Drug Discovery) against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Acinetobacter baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Cryptococcus neoformans var. grubii, and Candida albicans. Result Chalcone 3d had demonstrated growth inhibition greater than 60% against a variety of cancers: leukemia (MOLT-4, SR), non-small cell lung cancer (NCI-H522), colon cancer (HCT- 116), prostate cancer (DU-145), and breast cancer (MCF7, MDA-MB-468) and was also cytotoxic to three different cell lines (CCRF-CEM, RPMI-8226, and KM12). 5c was active against leukemia (CCRF-CEM, RPMI-8226, SR) and breast cancer (MCF7) and 5e was active only against leukemia (RPMI-8226, SR). 5h was partially active and the best compound with growth inhibition of MRSA by 75%. 3b was the best compound against EC, KP, and PA and 3f had the greatest activity against AB. For fungi, 3f and 3e demonstrated the best growth inhibition. Conclusion A small library of heterocyclic-containing chalcones was developed and initial screening demonstrates modest activity against cancers, bacteria, and fungi.