cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nutrient homeostasis and mechanisms related to nutrient retention by wetland macrophytes in a subtropical wetland

Central to ecological stoichiometry, nutrient homeostasis relates ambient stoichiometric conditions to a species stoichiometric composition. In wetland ecosystems, vegetation is a large, highly variable and dynamic sink of nutrients. This study investigated wetland plant stoichiometric homeostasis of dominant emergent and submerged aquatic vegetation (EAV and SAV, respectively) within two treatment cells of the Everglades Stormwater Treatment Areas (STAs). The hypotheses of this study assumed wetland vegetation will be non-homeostatic relative to ambient available nutrients and that due to changes in nutrient availability, phosphorus (P) resorption by EAV will vary along the water flow path through the wetland. This study confirmed the hypothesis that wetland vegetation is non-homeostatic along different vegetation communities with homeostasis coefficients of 0.67 ± 0.04 and 0.78 ± 0.03 for EAV and SAV respectively. Furthermore, the study rejected the concept of variable nutrient resorption with EAV resorption remaining relatively constant along the treatment cell relative to changes in nutrient availability as indicated by high EAV TP resorption efficiencies of 74.2 ± 2.3 %. These combined results suggest that vegetation within STAs provides a strong nutrient sink with relatively constant uptake pressure suggesting that vegetation, along with other factors, influence ambient nutrient conditions within a given treatment cell.
Engineering Approaches to Study Cellular Decision Making

In their native environment, cells are immersed in a complex milieu of biochemical and biophysical cues. These cues may include growth factors, the extracellular matrix, cell–cell contacts, stiffness, and topography, and they are responsible for regulating cellular behaviors such as adhesion, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and differentiation. The decision-making process used to convert these extracellular inputs into actions is highly complex and sensitive to changes both in the type of individual cue (e.g., growth factor dose/level, timing) and in how these individual cues are combined (e.g., homotypic/heterotypic combinations). In this review, we highlight recent advances in the development of engineering-based approaches to study the cellular decision-making process. Specifically, we discuss the use of biomaterial platforms that enable controlled and tailored delivery of individual and combined cues, as well as the application of computational modeling to analyses of the complex cellular decisio...
Can semi-volatile organic aerosols lead to fewer cloud particles?

Abstract. The impact of condensing organic aerosols on activated cloud number concentration is examined in a new aerosol microphysics box model, MATRIX-VBS. The model includes the volatility basis set (VBS) framework coupled with the aerosol microphysical scheme MATRIX (Multiconfiguration Aerosol TRacker of mIXing state) that resolves aerosol mass and number concentrations and aerosol mixing state. By including the condensation of organic aerosols, the new model produces fewer activated particles compared to the original model, which treats organic aerosols as nonvolatile. Parameters such as aerosol chemical composition, mass and number concentrations, and particle sizes that affect activated cloud number concentration are thoroughly tested via a suite of Monte Carlo simulations. Results show that by considering semi-volatile organics in MATRIX-VBS, there is a lower activated particle number concentration, except in cases with low cloud updrafts, in clean environments at above-freezing temperatures, and in polluted environments at high temperatures (310 K) and extremely low-humidity conditions.
Deep learning approaches for mining structure-property linkages in high contrast composites from simulation datasets

Abstract Data-driven methods are emerging as an important toolset in the studies of multiscale, multiphysics, materials phenomena. More specifically, data mining and machine learning methods offer an efficient toolset for extracting and curating the important correlations controlling these multiscale materials phenomena in high-value reduced-order forms called process-structure-property (PSP) linkages. Traditional machine learning methods usually depend on intensive feature engineering, and have enjoyed some success in establishing the desired PSP linkages. In contrast, deep learning approaches provide a feature-engineering-free framework with high learning capability. In this work, a deep learning approach is designed and implemented to model an elastic homogenization structure-property linkage in a high contrast composite material system. More specifically, the proposed deep learning model is employed to capture the nonlinear mapping between the three-dimensional material microstructure and its macroscale (effective) stiffness. It is demonstrated that this end-to-end framework can predict the effective stiffness of high contrast elastic composites with a wide of range of microstructures, while exhibiting high accuracy and low computational cost for new evaluations.
Adrenal Medullary Tumors, Mouse

While small medullary tumors are not visible grossly, large ones may result in a reddish-yellow, generalized enlargement of the affected adrenal gland (Smith et al. 1949). Medullary tumors cannot be distinguished grossly from adrenocortical tumors in the mouse (Dunn 1970).
Dynamics of Planetary Approach

For a precise interplanetary orbit, the n-body problem including the sun and the nearby planets must be solved. However, for a preliminary analysis the method of patched-conics based on three distinct two-body problems is generally satisfactory. The orbit will then consist of a planetocentric segment near the departure planet, a heliocentric segment, and a final planetocentric segment near the destination planet. In this discussion we will be concerned mainly with the third phase dealing with the dynamics of planetary approach. In particular we will consider the Earth-Mars journey, in which case the approach trajectory is computed on the two-body Spacecraft-Mars assumption.
Cladribine and low-dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine as front-line therapy for elderly patients with acute myeloid leukaemia: a phase 2 single-arm trial

Summary Background Front-line therapy for elderly or unfit patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) remains unsatisfactory with poor outcomes and excessive toxicity. We studied a new low-intensity regimen of cladribine combined with low-dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine, aimed at improving outcomes in this population. Based on our previous experience, we hypothesised that this combination would be safe and more effective than current approaches with hypomethylating agents. Methods In this single-arm, open-label, single-centre phase 2 study, we enrolled patients aged 60 years or older with previously untreated AML or high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome who had adequate organ function and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 2 or less. Patients were treated with cladribine plus low-dose cytarabine for two 28-day cycles alternating with decitabine for two 28-day cycles, for up to 18 cycles. Induction therapy (cycle 1) consisted of cladribine 5 mg/m 2 intravenously over 1–2 h on days 1–5 and cytarabine 20 mg subcutaneously twice daily on days 1–10. Patients who had remission during this induction regimen moved on to consolidation therapy (cladribine 5 mg/m 2 intravenously over 1–2 h on days 1–3 and cytarabine 20 mg twice daily on days 1–10, alternating with decitabine 20 mg/m 2 intravenously on days 1–5). The primary outcome measure was disease-free survival. Secondary outcomes were overall survival, proportion of patients achieving complete response, proportion of patients achieving response, toxicity, and induction mortality. All treated patients were included in the analyses. This trial is ongoing and is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01515527. Findings Between Feb 17, 2012, and July 6, 2017, 118 patients were enrolled and treated, among whom 48 (41%) had an adverse karyotype, 20 (17%) had therapy-related AML, 18 (15%) had treated secondary AML, and 20 (17%) had TP53 mutations. Median disease-free survival was 10·8 months (IQR 5·4–25·9). 80 (68%) patients achieved objective response: 69 (58%) achieved a complete response and 11 (9%) patients had complete response with incomplete count recovery. The median overall survival was 13·8 months (6·9–28·6). The regimen was well tolerated, with one (1%) death within the first 4 weeks and eight (7%) deaths within the first 8 weeks. The most common non-haematological adverse events of grade 3 or worse were infection (88 [75%] patients), elevated total bilirubin (26 [22%] patients), rash (13 [11%] patients), and nausea (13 [11%] patients). Interpretation The combination of cladribine and low-dose cytarabine alternating with decitabine appears to be a safe and highly effective regimen for the treatment of elderly or unfit patients with newly diagnosed AML. Further testing of this regimen is warranted, and could help to provide a new, effective option for reduced-intensity therapy in this population. Funding Part supported by the National Institutes of Health.
Regrasping by Fixtureless Fixturing

This paper presents a fixturing strategy for re-grasping that does not require a physical fixture. To regrasp an object in a gripper, a robot pushes the object against external contact/s in the environment such that the external contact keeps the object stationary while the fingers slide over the object. We call this manipulation technique fixtureless fixturing. Exploiting the mechanics of pushing, we characterize a convex polyhedral set of pushes that results in fixtureless fixturing. These pushes are robust against uncertainty in the object inertia, grasping force, and the friction at the contacts. We propose a sampling-based planner that uses the sets of robust pushes to rapidly build a tree of reachable grasps. A path in this tree is a pushing strategy, possibly involving pushes from different sides, to regrasp the object. We demonstrate the experimental validity and robustness of the proposed manipulation technique with different regrasp examples on a manipulation platform. Such fast and flexible regrasp planner facilitates versatile and flexible automation solutions.
Evaluation of the association of bariatric surgery with subsequent depression

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Bariatric surgery is helpful in enabling sustained weight loss, but effects on depression are unclear. Reductions in depression-related symptoms and increases in suicide rate have both been observed after bariatric surgery, but these observations are confounded by the presence of pre-existing depression. The goal of this study is to evaluate the effect of bariatric surgery on subsequent depression diagnosis. SUBJECTS/METHODS In this observational study, a prospective cohort study was simulated by evaluating depression risk based on diagnostic codes. An administrative database was utilized for this study, containing records and observations between 1 January 2008 through 29 February 2016 of enrolled patients in the United States. Individuals considered in this analysis were enrolled in a commercial health insurance program, observed for at least 6 months prior to surgery, and met the eligibility criteria for bariatric surgery. In all, 777,140 individuals were considered in total. RESULTS Bariatric surgery was found to be significantly associated with subsequent depression relative to both non-surgery controls (HR = 1.31, 95% CI, 1.27-1.34, P < 2e-32) and non-bariatric abdominal surgery controls (HR = 2.15, 95% CI, 2.09-2.22, P < 2e-32). Patients with pre-surgical psychiatric screening had a reduced depression hazard ratio with respect to patients without (HR = 0.85, 95% CI, 0.81-0.89, P = 3.208e-12). Men were found to be more susceptible to post-bariatric surgery depression compared with women. Pre-surgical psychiatric evaluations reduced the magnitude of this effect. Relative to bariatric surgeries as a whole, vertical sleeve gastrectomy had a lower incidence of depression, while Roux-en Y Gastric Bypass and revision/removal surgeries had higher rates. CONCLUSIONS In individuals without a history of depression, bariatric surgery is associated with subsequent diagnosis of depression. This study provides guidance for patients considering bariatric surgery and their clinicians in terms of evaluating potential risks and benefits of surgery.
Optimization of Carbon Nanotube Arrays for Hydrogen Adsorption

The amount of hydrogen adsorbed in arrays of single-walled carbon nanotubes has been studied as a function of the geometry of the array. The tube lattice spacing has been varied to optimize hydrogen uptake. Two different lattice geometries have been examined, namely, the triangular lattice and the square lattice. None of the geometries studied are capable of achieving adequate hydrogen storage capacity for use in vehicular fuel cells at room temperature. The strength of the solid−fluid interaction potential has been increased in order to identify a combination of potential and geometry that will meet the DOE targets for hydrogen storage for fuel cell vehicles. The DOE target values cannot be reached even by tripling the fluid-wall potential at ambient temperature. However, it is possible to achieve the DOE targets at a temperature of 77 K, but only if the strength of the interaction potential is increased by about a factor of 2 and the lattice spacing of the tubes is optimized. On the basis of these obser...
Current Challenges and Applications of Oncolytic Viruses in Overcoming the Development of Resistance to Therapies in Cancer

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are designed to ablate cancerous cells while sparing non-malignant cells and tissues. In the wake of an active tumor infection, OVs can activate an anti-tumor immune response. Currently, an oncolytic Herpes simplex 1 (HSV-1) derived virus encoding for granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) is approved in the US and Europe as a treatment for metastatic melanoma, and an oncolytic adenovirus (oAd) is approved in China for head and neck cancer therapy. Despite the approved use for these indications, this promising biological therapy is currently under-used. However, a multitude of viruses are actively being explored in preclinical animal models and clinically in patients with different malignancies for safety and efficacy. Several ongoing clinical trials evaluate OV utility in combination with other therapies, such as chemotherapeutics and immune checkpoint inhibitors. In this chapter, we highlight some of the barriers faced by OVs and discuss methods used to convert these challenges into opportunities for improvement. Major advancements in this field include engineering OVs to deliver payloads with anti-angiogenic, immune modulatory, or extracellular matrix degrading proteins, as well as in combination with immunotherapies, DNA damaging agents, and stem cells to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of OVs. Despite facing some challenges, there is continued enthusiasm for this innovative and promising biological arsenal in treating cancer.
Frontiers: A Short History of the American West

Review of: "Frontiers: A Short History of the American West," by Robert V. Hine and John Mack Faragher.
Making Open Science Work for Science and Society.

Background: The open science movement is transforming scientific practice with the goal of enhancing the transparency, productivity, and reproducibility of research. Nevertheless, transparency is a...
Maleimide-Based Chemical Proteomics for Quantitative Analysis of Cysteine Reactivity

Cysteine is the most intrinsically nucleophilic residue in proteins and serves as a mediator against increasing reactive oxygen species (ROS) via reversible thiol oxidation. Despite the importance of cysteine oxidation in understanding biological stress response, cysteine sites most reactive toward ROS remain largely unknown and are a major analytical challenge. Herein, a chemical proteomic method to quantify site-specific cysteine reactivity using a maleimide-activated, thiol-reactive probe (N-propargylmaleimide, NPM) is described. Implementation of a gel-based approach via conjugation of rhodamine-azide to NPM-labeled cysteine residues by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) click chemistry allowed simple and highly sensitive fluorescence profiling. Relative quantification of >1500 unique cysteine sites from greater than 800 proteins was achieved by conjugating dialkoxydiphenylsilane (DADPS) biotin-azide by the CuAAC reaction and subsequently performing biotin-streptavidin affinity purification and mass-spectrometry-based proteomics. Taken together, this work defines a novel role for the NPM probe in chemical proteomics and presents a robust method for determination of cysteine reactivity during oxidative stress response.
Characterization of a New Nepovirus Infecting Grapevine.

In 2012, dormant canes of a proprietary wine grape (Vitis vinifera L.) accession were included in the collection of the University of California–Davis Foundation Plant Services. No virus-like sympt...
Book Review: Higher Education In The Middle East And North Africa: Exploring Regional and Country-Specific Potentials

In addition to providing a comprehensive summary of the main topics covered in the book "Higher Education in the Middle East and North Africa: Exploring regional and country-specific potentials", this review presents a critical evaluation of the book's main arguments where impartial evidence was most needed but severely lacked.
Requiring Proof of Conspiratorial Dangerousness

It is overwhelmingly assumed that criminal conspiracies pose a “distinct evil” that justifies criminalizing them and providing prosecution-friendly rules of evidence in their proof. Professor Neal Kumar Katyal’s defense of conspiracy law rests on this assumption, but Professor Abraham S. Goldstein’s seminal critique notes that it has never been empirically shown to be true.This article argues that to impose criminal liability, prosecutors ought to be required to prove a conspiracy’s dangerousness. In doing so, it also provides insight into conspiracy law that Katyal and Goldstein leave unilluminated. Their opinions on conspiracy’s dangerousness diverge because they assume different group data sets: Katyal views only criminal conspiracies, and Goldstein views groups in general. This article applies a neutral, systemic analysis where theirs do not, and thus generates workable, effective reforms where theirs cannot.To support its argument, the article places the question of conspiratorial dangerousness in the relevant history. It then establishes a theory of group conduct and applies the Condorcet Jury Theorem and theory of group polarization to demonstrate that a required showing of dangerousness could increase the criminal process’ outcome reliability, enhance the law’s legitimacy, conserve judicial resources, and improve public safety.
Large-scale data analytics for resilient recovery services from power failures

Summary Massive power failures are induced frequently by natural disasters. A fundamental challenge is how recovery can be resilient to the increasing severity of disruptions in a changing climate. We conduct a large-scale study on recovery from 169 failure events at two operational distribution grids in the states of New York and Massachusetts. Guided by unsupervised learning from non-stationary data, our analysis finds that under the widely adopted prioritization policy favoring large failures, recovery exhibits a scaling property where a majority ( ∼ 90%) of customers recovers in a small fraction ( ∼ 10%) of total downtime. However, recovery degrades with the severity of disruptions: large failures that cannot recover rapidly increase by ∼ 30% from the moderate to extreme events. Prolonged small failures dominate entire recovery processes. Further, our analysis demonstrates the promise of mitigating the degradation by enhancing recovery of a small fraction of large failures through distributed generation and storage.
Calculating the Present Value of an AssetAS Future Cash Flows

This paper describes both the theory and a computer program designed to calculate the present value of an asset's uncertain future cash flows. In this model expected flows may vary in each of "t" future periods. Flows are adjusted to a certainty equivalent by a correction factor derived from a covariance matrix of the flows and market returns. The flows are discounted by a full specification of the term structure of the risk-free interest rate. The specific model illustrated in the paper is that of expected cash flows from a mortgage portfolio. The computer program calculates the expected cash flow, the uncertainty correction, and the term structure of interest rates. Algorithms to solve for each of these factors are included. Alternatively, options are included to input the factors from exogenous forecasts or projections. In addition to calculating the present values under each specification for the factors, the program compares the present values derived from each particular specification.
The Influence of Divorcing Mothers' Demeanor on Custody Evaluators' Assessment of Their Domestic Violence Allegations

A gap exists between empirical evidence demonstrating the risks posed by domestic violence (DV) and the weight that evidence is given by custody evaluators. This gap may result from common beliefs about DV that diminish or deny its seriousness, which include that mothers often make false allegations to gain advantage and that DV and high conflict are synonymous and do not require differential approaches. Using a multiple segment factorial vignette design, we systematically assessed how these beliefs influenced custody evaluators' (N = 603) recommendations and judgments of the believability of allegations. Mother's demeanor (i.e., hostile vs. pleasant) was the most consistent predictor of evaluators' recommendations and judgments of credibility. Findings have implications for providing research-based education and training for evaluators.
Articulated motion segmentation using RANSAC with priors

Articulated motions are partially dependent. Most of the existing segmentation methods, e.g. Costeira and Kanade[2], can not be applied to articulated motions. We propose a novel algorithm for articulated motion segmentation called RANSAC with priors. It does not require prior knowledge of the number of articulated parts. It is both robust and efficient. Its robustness comes from its RANSAC nature. Its efficiency is due to the priors, which are derived from the spectral affinities between every pair of trajectories. We test our algorithm with synthetic and real data. In some highly challenging case, where other motion segmentation algorithms may fail, our algorithm still achieves robust results. Though our algorithm is inspired by articulated motions, it also applies to independent motions which can be regarded as a special case and treated uniformly.
Depressive symptomatology among Latina breast cancer survivors.

Objective Healthcare professionals are providing care for a growing number of Latinas who are breast cancer survivors (BCS) and at greater risk for distress. This study reports on the prevalence of depressive symptomatology among a cohort of Latina BCS. Methods This study reports the outcomes of a population-based sample of 232 Latina BCS recruited via case ascertainment from the California-Cancer and hospital registries. Results Fifty-three percent had elevated depressive symptoms. In the regression model, education, physical functioning, social support, family stress, functional stress, social functioning, and Spanish language preference were significantly associated with depressive symptoms. Conclusions Among Latina BCS, the prevalence of depressed mood may be higher than European-Americans and presents a formidable clinical challenge. These findings underscore the need for timely, appropriate assessment of distress and its contributing factors including patients' socio-ecological contexts and family strain to inform effective patient-centered and family-centered psychosocial referrals and intervention strategies to reduce distress and the undue burden of cancer among Latinos. Latino survivors constitute an increasing proportion of patients in community medical practices. Thus, the requisite to perform follow-up cancer care that addresses the needs of the whole person is rapidly emerging in prominence as a component of medical practice. Therefore, primary care providers and oncology and mental health specialists must work collaboratively via the sharing of electronic medical records, survivorship care plans, and consultations to implement the Institute of Medicine and National Comprehensive Cancer Network recommendations by attending to the psychological status of cancer patients to optimize patient outcomes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
TU‐EF‐204‐08: Dose Efficiency of Added Beam‐Shaping Filter with Varied Attenuation Levels in Lung‐Cancer Screening CT

Purpose: Added filtration such as tin filter has the potential to improve dose efficiency of x-ray beam in lung-cancer screening CT. However, dose efficiency with added beam filtration is highly dependent on patient attenuation level. In this phantom study, we evaluated the image quality at different tube voltages with and without added tin filter when attenuation level varies. Methods: A 30 x 20 cm anthropomorphic thorax phantom with three added extension rings were used to simulate small (S), medium (M), large (L), and extra-large (XL) adult patients. These phantoms were scanned on a 192-slice CT scanner (Force, Siemens) at 100 and 120kV without tin filtration, and 100 and 150 kV with tin filtration (100Sn and 150Sn), at multiple dose levels at each kV. Images were reconstructed using iterative reconstruction (ADMIRE, Siemens). Radiation dose was measured with a 0.6 cc ion chamber in the middle and peripheral areas of the phantom. Image quality was assessed using mean image noise at uniform areas in the central region and lung. Radiation dose that is required for each kV to match the noise in a routine lung-cancer CT screening technique (120kV, 25 quality reference mAs) was calculated. Results: At each of the four phantom sizes, 100Sn had the lowest noise in both soft tissue and lung. Compared with 120 kV, 100Sn saved 39%–60% dose for the same noise, depending on phantom size. For the XL phantom (50 by 40 cm), 150Sn provided images with the least beam-hardening artifact in peripheral region. Conclusion: For thoracic CT, added tin filtration can provide considerable dose reduction compared with 120 kV. 100Sn provides better dose efficiencies for all phantom sizes, while 150Sn provides better image quality in peripheral region for extra-large patients. Drs.Joel G. Fletcher and Cynthia H. McCollough receive research support from Siemens Healthcare.
Seasonal Atlantic tropical cyclone hindcasting/forecasting using two sea surface temperature datasets

[1] Seasonal Atlantic basin tropical cyclone hindcasts are conducted from 1986–2005 using the Florida State University/Center for Ocean Atmospheric Prediction Studies atmospheric global spectral model and two sea surface temperature products. The two sea surface temperature products are: the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administrations Climate Forecast System Model's 1 June forecast and the weekly observed sea surface temperatures. The hindcasts extend through the 180-day Atlantic hurricane season. A four member ensemble is generated for each year using time-lagged atmospheric initial conditions centered on 1 June of the respective year. The interannual variability of total number of Atlantic storms (tropical storms plus hurricanes) and accumulated cyclone energy using both sea surface temperature products yield high correlations which are statistically significant, although using the observed sea surface temperature product yields higher correlations. The results indicates that the Climate Forecast System Model's sea surface temperatures are suitable for use in real-time seasonal tropical cyclone forecasting in the Atlantic basin in a two-tiered approach.
Progressive Resistance Exercise with Eccentric Loading for the Management of Knee Osteoarthritis.

Introduction: The patient was a 58-year-old African-American male with radiographic evidence of knee osteoarthritis. He participated in a standardized 12-week eccentric strengthening program within a VA medical center. Background: The use of an eccentric training paradigm may prove to be beneficial for older adults with knee osteoarthritis since eccentric muscle actions are involved in the energy absorption at the knee joint during gait and controlled movement during stair descent. Furthermore, in comparison to standard muscle actions, eccentric muscle actions result in higher torque generation and a lower rate of oxygen consumption at a given level of perceived exertion. Therefore, this mode of progressive resistance exercise may be ideal for older adults. Discussion: The patient completed an eccentric strengthening regimen for the knee flexors and extensors twice per week without an exacerbation of knee pain. Muscle morphology measures of the rectus femoris were measured using diagnostic ultrasound. Isokinetic measures of muscle peak torque were be obtained at 60°/s and 180°/s. Functional performance was assessed using a physical performance battery and stair step performance was assessed from the linear displacement of the center of gravity trajectories obtained with a force plate. Visual analogue scale pain ratings and self-reported global disease status were also documented. Post-exercise assessments revealed improvements in sonographic muscle size and tissue composition estimates, peak knee extensor torque (ranging from 60% to 253%), functional performance, and global disease status. Concluding Remarks: The patient exhibited improvements in muscle morphology, muscle strength, functional performance, pain, and global disease status after 12 weeks of an eccentric strengthening regimen. The intervention and outcomes featured in this case were feasible to implement within a VA medical center and merit further investigation.
Regression, recurrence, and regression of epithelial atypism of the cervix as indicated by cytologic smear, colposcopic findings, and schiller iodine staining

Abstract A case report of unusual cervical changes in a nonpregnant multiparous Negro woman is presented. With two episodes of pelvic inflammation, cytologic, colposcopic, and iodine-staining findings became abnormal, with normal findings in between the two episodes and after the last one. Biopsy subsequent to the second pelvic inflammation showed a lesion variously diagnosed from severe atypism to early invasive carcinoma. On thorough study of the operative specimen no malignancy was found. The implications of these findings are discussed.
The Stories We Live By: Personal Myths and the Making of the Self

Who am I? How do I fit in the world around me? This revealing and innovative book demonstrates that each of us discovers what is true and meaningful, in our lives and in ourselves, through the creation of personal myths. Challenging the traditional view that our personalities are formed by fixed, unchanging characteristics, or by predictable stages through which every individual travels, The Stories We Live By persuasively argues that we are the stories we tell. Informed by extensive scientific research--yet highly readable, engaging, and accessible--the book explores how understanding and revising our personal stories can open up new possibilities for our lives.
A Revolution in Plant Metabolism: Genome-Enabled Pathway Discovery

Genome-enabled discoveries are the hallmark of 21st century biology, including major discoveries in the biosynthesis and regulation of plant metabolic pathways. Access to next generation sequencing technologies has enabled research on the biosynthesis of diverse plant metabolites, especially secondary metabolites, resulting in a broader understanding of not only the structural and regulatory genes involved in metabolite biosynthesis but also in the evolution of chemical diversity in the plant kingdom. Several paradigms that govern secondary metabolism have emerged, including that (1) gene family expansion and diversification contribute to the chemical diversity found in the plant kingdom, (2) genes encoding biochemical pathway components are frequently transcriptionally coregulated, and (3) physical clustering of nonhomologous genes that encode components of secondary metabolic pathways can occur. With an increasing knowledge base that is coupled with user-friendly and inexpensive technologies, biochemists are poised to accelerate the annotation of biochemical pathways relevant to human health, agriculture, and the environment.
A computational approach predicting CYP450 metabolism and estrogenic activity of an endocrine disrupting compound (PCB-30).

Endocrine disrupting chemicals influence growth and development through interactions with the hormone system, often through binding to hormone receptors such as the estrogen receptor. Computational methods can predict endocrine disrupting chemical activity of unmodified compounds, but approaches predicting activity following metabolism are lacking. The present study uses a well-known environmental contaminant, PCB-30 (2,4,6-trichlorobiphenyl), as a prototype endocrine disrupting chemical and integrates predictive (computational) and experimental methods to determine its metabolic transformation by cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) and cytochrome P450 2D6 (CYP2D6) into estrogenic byproducts. Computational predictions suggest that hydroxylation of PCB-30 occurs at the 3- or 4-phenol positions and leads to metabolites that bind more strongly than the parent molecule to the human estrogen receptor alpha (hER-α). Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry experiments confirmed that the primary metabolite for CYP3A4 and CYP2D6 is 4-hydroxy-PCB-30, and the secondary metabolite is 3-hydroxy-PCB-30. Cell-based bioassays (bioluminescent yeast expressing hER-α) confirmed that hydroxylated metabolites are more estrogenic than PCB-30. These experimental results support the applied model's ability to predict the metabolic and estrogenic fate of PCB-30, which could be used to identify other endocrine disrupting chemicals involved in similar pathways. Environ Toxicol Chem 2014;33:1615–1623. © 2014 SETAC
Energy expenditure in obesity-prone and obesity-resistant rats before and after the introduction of a high-fat diet

While most rats gain weight when placed on a high-fat diet (HFD), some strains resist HFD-induced weight gain. To maintain weight, obesity-resistant (OR) rats must either eat less than obesity-prone (OP) rats or increase total energy expenditure (TEE). To determine if changes in TEE predispose to or protect from weight gain, energy expenditure, energy intake, and weight gain were measured in male and female OP and OR rats consuming a low-fat diet (LFD) and for 5 days after switching to a HFD. After 5 days on a HFD, OP rats gained significantly more weight (male: 42.8 ± 6.9 g, female: 25.5 ± 3.0 g) than their OR counterparts (male: 24.0 ± 7.5 g, female: 13.7 ± 1.4 g). Both male and female rats significantly increased their energy intake when transitioned to the HFD, and TEE increased modestly in all groups. Compared with female OP rats, female OR rats had a significantly greater increase in TEE on the HFD. This was due to an increase in both resting and nonresting energy expenditure. In contrast, the effect of the HFD in males was minor. TEE was also measured in female rats consuming a HFD, pair fed to LFD calories. The increase in TEE of pair-fed female OR rats was substantially less than what was seen in the HFD ad libitum condition. Physical activity was also measured in female rats. There was no evidence that increases in physical activity were the cause of the increased TEE seen in female OR rats consuming a HFD. These results suggest that resistance to HFD-induced weight gain in female OR rats may be due in part to an increase in TEE and a greater reliance on lipid as an energy source. Changes in TEE appear to be triggered by overconsumption of the HFD and not simply the diet composition.
Homologies of the anterior teeth in indriidae

Schwartz ('74) proposed revised homologies of the deciduous and permanent anterior teeth in living lemuriform primates of the family Indriidae. Gingerich ('77) described a juvenile specimen of Avahi and em- phasized the importance of functional integrity in controlling the pattern of dental reduction in primates, neither of which supports Schwartz's interpreta- tion. Schwartz ('78) recently reiterated his position without adequately discuss- ing the Auahi evidence and the functional basis that probably controls dental reduction. Auahi has a deciduous dentition intermediate in morphology be- tween that of Lemuridae and Indriidae, and similar to both. Thus the lower de- ciduous dental formula of Indriidae is probably 2.1.3, which is the typical and maximum deciduous complement known in living and fossil lemuriform pri- mates. The formula of the lower permanent dentition in Indriidae is thus 2-0.2.3. Most lemuriform primates have an anterior dental scraper or tooth comb consisting of six teeth: two incisors on each side, bordered by the canines. Indriidae have only four of the original six teeth in the comb, which are gen- erally interpreted to be homologous with the original four incisors. Schwartz ('74) recently revived the hypothesis that the four teeth in the indriid tooth comb are two incisors bor- dered by canines, rather than four incisors. Schwartz's hypothesis implies a pattern of dental reduction in Indriidae involving func- tional disruption of the tooth comb as incisors were lost from the center, rather than from the edges, of the original six-toothed comb. In an earlier paper I described a specimen preserving the deciduous dentition of the smallest and least well known indriid, Auahi (Gingerich, '77). This specimen shows that the deciduous dentition is intermediate between that of Lemuridae and typical Indriidae, yet similar to both. Responding to this paper, Schwartz ('78) apparently misunderstood the reasons I advanced for regarding the third de- ciduous tooth in Avahi as a deciduous canine rather than a premolar. Schwartz ('78) also avoids mention of the functional basis sup- porting dental reduction from the edges rather than the middle of the tooth comb. It is AM. J. PHYS. ANTHROP. (1979) 51: 283-286.
Catalytic oxidation of reduced sulfur compounds by homogeneous and heterogeneous Co(II) phthalocyanine complexes

An overview of the kinetics and mechanisms of the reactions of reduced sulfur compounds and other reductants with molecular oxygen as catalyzed by homogeneous and heterogeneous metal phthalocyanine complexes is presented. Catalysis of the autoxidation of S(IV) by Co(II) tetrasulfophthalocyanine was characterized in terms of an ordered ternary-complex mechanism in which S(IV) and oxygen are simultaneously bound to the Co(II)/Co(III) metal center. Hydrogen peroxide was identified as an intermediate reduction product of bound dioxygen. The reaction was examined by spectrophotometric and EPR methods and was found to proceed via a sulfito-cobalt(III)-superoxide complex that subsequently combines with a second sulfite molecule to produce sulfate and a sulfito-cobalt(III)-peroxide. The catalytic cycle is closed by the regeneration of the cobalt(II) complex via the production of H_2O_2. Direct evidence for he active sulfito-cobalt(III)-superoxide intermediate was obtained.
Transconjunctival corneoscleral tunnel "blue line" cataract incision.

Abstract Purpose To report the technique and astigmatic results of the blue line cataract incision. Setting The Buzard Eye Institute, Las Vegas, Nevada, USA. Methods This prospective study included 411 eyes of 271 patients who had cataract extraction by phacoemulsification with a self-sealing 3.0 mm blue line cataract incision. The blue line incision is performed with a diamond knife transconjunctively, 2.0 mm behind the surgical limbus. Results Mean patient age was 68 years (range 40 to 94 years) and mean preoperative astigmatism, 0.96 diopter (D) ± 0.78 (SD).Uncorrected visual acuity at 1 day was 20/40 or better in 47% of patients. Mean spherical equivalent was −0.57 ± 0.78 D at 6 months. Mean postoperative astigmatism measured with a subtraction method was 1.00 ± 0.84 D at 6 months. Vector analysis showed an induced astigmatism of −0.47 ± 1.00 D at 1 month, −0.58 ± 0.81 D at 3 months, and −0.57 ± 0.99 D at 6 months. No complications such as wound leakage or hyphema occurred. Conclusion The blue line incision combines the efficiency of the clear corneal with the safety of the scleral tunnel cataract incision and appears to be relatively astigmatically neutral.
Reversible carbonylation/decarbonylation of zeolite-entrapped tetrairidium clusters

Iridium carbonyl clusters in NaY zeolite have been prepared from adsorbed [Ir(CO)2(acad)]. The infrared spectra and the yellow color of the sample are consistent with the formation of Ir4(CO)12] in the zeolite cages, presumably the product of reductive carbonylation of the mononuclear precursor. The iridium carbonyl cluster in the zeolite could be decarbonylated by treatment with flowing H2 at 300 ° C and 1 atm and recarbonylated by treatment with CO at 40 °C and 1 atm. The carbonylation/decarbonylation process is reversible, provided that the temperature of the decarbonylation is low, which suggests that the decarbonylated clusters may be Ir4. Treatment of the sample in H2 at 425 ° C and 1 atm led to the formation of particles or iridium metal outside the zeolite pores.
Poverty, global health, and infectious disease: lessons from Haiti and Rwanda.

Poverty and infectious diseases interact in complex ways. Casting destitution as intractable or epidemics that afflict the poor as accidental erroneously exonerates us from responsibility for caring for those most in need. Adequately addressing communicable diseases requires a biosocial appreciation of the structural forces that shape disease patterns. Most health interventions in resource-poor settings could garner support based on cost/benefit ratios with appropriately lengthy time horizons to capture the return on health investments and an adequate accounting of externalities; however such a calculus masks the suffering of inaction and risks eroding the most powerful incentive to act: redressing inequality. Copyright (c) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Object recognition through eavesdropping: Passive echolocation in bottlenose dolphins

A bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) demonstrated the ability to select the matching object in a matching-to-sample task after listening to another dolphin inspect the sample object via echolocation. The listener was prevented from inspecting the sample himself. In Experiment 1, with objects familiar to both dolphins, the listener’s performance was significantly better than chance. In Experiment 2, objects familiar to only one of the dolphins were used. On these trials, the listener’s performance was significantly better than chance only when the inspecting dolphin made a correct choice. Analysis of the listener’s responses when the inspector made an error demonstrated that this contingency was not due to the listener’s matching the inspector’s response, but was apparently due instead to inadequate information in the echo. The results suggest that the listener was able to “eavesdrop” on echoes produced by the inspector’s clicks and derive characteristics of the sample object.
Atmospheric Turbidity at Tucson, Arizona, 1956–83: Variations and Their Causes

Abstract Solar radiation data collected over the last 27 years at the University of Arizona have been analyzed to determine the major causes of time variations in the local turbidity of the atmosphere. The most extreme perturbations have been associated with significant volcanic eruptions, Agung on Bali in 1963 and, especially, El Chichon in Mexico in 1982. There is also evidence for a correlation of turbidity with local climatic factors and local smelter activity, but no detectable long-term upward or downward trend in turbidity has been observed. Routine pyrheliometric measurements were used to calculate monthly Linke turbidity factors for the period from June 1956 to June 1983 and related monthly aerosol values for the period from January 1977 to February 1983.
Adiabatic expansions near eigenvalue crossings

Abstract Quantum mechanical adiabatic approximations describe the small e behavior of solutions of the Schrodinger equation iϵ αζ αt =H(t)ζ for − T ≤ t ≤ T . It is well known that if H ( t ) is analytic in t , self-adjoint for real t , and has an isolated eigenvalue E ( t ) of multiplicity one for − T ≤ t ≤ T , then these is a solution that is asymptotic to e − ∫ 0 1 E(r) dr c (φ(t)+ϵζ 1 (t)+ϵ 2 ζ 2 (t)+…) The leading term, Π ( t ), is a unit vector in the spectral subspace for h ( t ) that corresponds to E ( t ). In this paper we investigate eigenvalue crossings. We assume H ( t ) has two analytic eigenvalues E A ( t ) and E B ( t ) that are isolated from the rest of the spectrum of H ( t ). We further assume that E A ( t ) and E B ( t ) are isolated from one another and are of multiplicity one, except at t =0, where they are equal. We prove that in this situation, the Schrodinger equation has solutions with asymptotic expansions of the form e − ∫ 0 1 E j (r) dr ϵ (φ j (t)+v 1 (ϵ)ζ j 1 (t,ϵ)+v 2 (ϵ)ζ j 2 (t,ϵ)+…) (j=A,B) The ψ j k (t, e) are uniformly bounded for − T ≤ t ≤ T , and ψ j ( t ) is a unit vector in the spectral subspace corresponding to E j ( t ). The expansion orders, ν k ( e ), have the form e n(k) (p+1) (log(e)) m(k) , where p is the order of the zero of E A ( t )- E B ( t ), and n ( k ) and m ( k ) are certain non-negative integers.
Non-compliance by design: Moribund hard law in international institutions

States often create international institutions that impose legally binding rules on member states, and then do not even attempt to enforce these rules. Why? In this article, we present a game-theoretic model of moribund hard law in international institutions. We show that if some states face domestic pressure to negotiate a hard law treaty, their incentive to insist on hard law in the negotiations is maximized when less enthusiastic states expect that the hard law will probably not be enforced. Domestic proponents of hard law reward states for negotiating a hard law treaty, while states that oppose hard law can accept it because they expect no enforcement. As a form of informal governance, moribund hard law allows non-compliance by design.
POST-ISCHEMIC CHANGES IN CERTAIN METABOLITES FOLLOWING PROLONGED ISCHEMIA IN THE GERBIL CEREBRAL CORTEX

-Eight metabolites were measured in the post-ischemic period following either 1 or 3 h of unilateral ischemia in the gerbil cerebral cortex. The levels of ATP, P-creatine, glucose, glycogen and GABA were essentially restored by 1 h after ischemia. In the 3 h ischemic animals. glycogen continued to increase to greater than control values aftcr 5 and 20 h of recirculation. The Icvels of glutamate were unchanged during the ischemic episode, but decreased to 60% of control at Smin and 1 h after either period of ischemia. The concentrations of cyclic AMP, which were 4-to 5-fold elevated during ischemia. increased an additional 6-fold 5 min after recirculation in both groups. Arter 1 h of recovery. the levels were not different from control values. After the 1 h ischemic period, lactate levels recovered between 5 and 20 h of recirculation. In the 3 h ischemic animals. lactate concentrations were still elevated even after 20 h of recirculation. These data suggest that with the exception of lactate. recovery of metabolites is not sevcrely compromiscd by either 1 or 3 h of ischemia. Furthermore, the changes in glycogen. glutamate and cyclic AMP after recirculation suggest that the recovery process is not just a rcversal of the changes observed during ischemia.