cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Craniofacial fasciitis of the face: Case report and review of the recent literature.

Abstract Introduction Craniofacial fasciitis (CFFF) an uncommon, benign pseudosarcomatous proliferation of unknown etiology that occurs almost exclusively in children less than 6 years old. CFF lesions occur most frequently in the deep fascial layers and the periosteal layer of the calvarium, resulting in a rapidly enlarging scalp mass with potential underlying bony erosion. Presentation of CFF on the midface is rare. Objective The objective of this report is to describe a case of paranasal CFF involving the nasolacrimal duct in an infant and perform a literature review of cases of CFF of the midface in children. Methods A literature review of children ≤18 years old who were diagnosed with CFF of the midface was performed. A single case report is presented. Results A 7-month-old girl presented with a rapidly enlarging facial mass with edema, epiphora, difficulty breathing, and issues with feeding. She underwent urgent biopsy which revealed spindle cells with fibrous background. Patient was diagnosed with paranasal CFF based on clinical presentation and pathology report. She subsequently underwent near complete surgical excision. Patient is doing well with no progression of disease with follow up MRI revealing minimal residual disease in the nasal cavity. Review of the literature identified 4 additional cases of CFF of the midface which presented on sites including the mandible, frontonasal region, nasal process of the maxilla, and orbit/maxilla. The patient in this case is the first presentation of CFF involving the nasolacrimal duct. Lesions presented anywhere from 2 days to 3 months prior to treatment, and immunohistochemistry was positive for either vimentin or beta-catenin. Interestingly, all cases in this series occurred within the first year of life and were treated with complete or near complete resection with no evidence of recurrence. Conclusion Although CFF is a rare diagnosis, it should be considered in the evaluation and treatment of soft-tissue masses of the midface in children. Surgical excision is curative and there appears to be a low rate of recurrence based on the small series presented in literature.
Design and Experimental Research of Enclosed Gas Insulated DC High Voltage Generator

The high voltage testing device are employ a closed SF6 gas-insulated structure, and integrate the charging transformer, double-voltage capacitor, filter capacitor, high-voltage rectifier silicon stack and other components into a closed gas-insulated tank. The electric field simulation of testing device are analyzed to check its insulation design requirement by using the finite element method. At the same time, the gas insulated DC high voltage generator are studied and the performance test of testing device are carried out which the testing results are meet the standard requirements. The testing item contain the high-voltage side current measuring device test, the high-voltage side voltage measuring device test, the short-term stability test of output voltage, the withstand voltage and polarity conversion test, etc. The testing device are realized which the volume reduced 60%, the weight reduced 27% and the field assembly time reduced 40% which it compared with the traditional testing equipment.
Predicting Intentions to Engage in a Suite of Yard Fertilizer Behaviors: Integrated Insights from the Diffusion of Innovations, Theory of Planned Behavior, and Contextual Factors

Research has inadequately examined factors that support residential yard care practices that influence water quality to date. This study evaluated factors that predict yard fertilizer best practice...
Systematic Isolation of Key Parameters for Estimating Skeletal Maturity on Knee Radiographs.

Background The ability to estimate skeletal maturity using a knee radiograph would be useful in anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries and limb-length discrepancy in immature patients. Currently, a quick, accurate, and reproducible method is lacking. Methods Serial knee radiographs made 3 years before to 2 years following the chronologic age associated with 90% of final height (an enhanced skeletal maturity gold standard compared with peak height velocity) were analyzed in 78 children. The Pyle and Hoerr (PH) knee method was simplified by developing discrete stages for the distal part of the femur, the proximal part of the tibia, the proximal part of the fibula, and the patella. The Roche-Wainer-Thissen (RWT) knee method was simplified from the 36 original parameters to 14 parameters by removing parameters that were poorly defined, were not relevant to the peripubertal age range, were poorly correlated with 90% final height, or were poorly reliable on a 20-radiograph pilot analysis. We also compared the recently described central peak value (CPV) of the distal part of the femur. The Greulich and Pyle (GP) left-hand bone age was included for comparison. Results In this study, 326 left knee radiographs from 41 girls (age range, 7 to 15 years) and 37 boys (age range, 9 to 17 years) were included. Stepwise linear regression showed higher correlation in predicting years from 90% final height using the modified RWT and demographic characteristics (R2 = 0.921) compared with demographic characteristics alone (R2 = 0.840), CPV and demographic characteristics (R2 = 0.866), GP and demographic characteristics (R2 = 0.899), and PH and demographic characteristics (R2 = 0.902). Seven parameters were excluded from the RWT and demographic characteristics model using stepwise linear regression and generalized estimating equations analysis, leaving 7 parameters (2 femoral, 4 tibial, and 1 fibular) in the final model. Compared with RWT and demographic characteristics (R2 = 0.921), there were minimal incremental increases by adding CPV (R2 = 0.921), GP (R2 = 0.925), or PH (R2 = 0.931). Conclusions This large analysis of knee skeletal maturity systems isolated 7 discrete radiographic knee parameters that theoretically outperform the GP bone age in estimating skeletal maturity. Clinical relevance We present a modified knee skeletal maturity system that can potentially preclude the need for additional imaging of the hand and wrist in reliably estimating skeletal maturity.
Convolution Structures for Eigenfunction Expansions Arising from Regular Sturm-Liouville Problems

The eigenfunctions associated with a regular Sturm-Liouvilie problem behave “like” trigonometric expansions in many ways — for example there are various asymptotic estimates and equiconvergence theorems. In order to utilize the full machinery of harmonic analysis, however, it is necessary to have some substitute for the group structure so useful in arguments concerning trigonometric expansions. That substitute is a positive convolution which is then utilized to prove various maximal function inequalities.
Working in the Best Interest of Children: Facilitating the Collaboration of Lawyers and Social Workers in Abuse and Neglect Cases

Working in the best interest of children in abuse and neglect cases is a daunting task for both lawyers and social workers. The legal system is inadequate to meet the myriad needs of children and families in crisis. Yet only under the authority of the legal system can social work and other mental health professions intervene in families on behalf of children. The juvenile court system has been buffeted historically by the competing values and methods of social work and law. The institution and its rules are still evolving today. This dynamic environment means that even if competition for "ownership" of the system can be set aside; collaboration will be challenged by ever-changing expectations.The adversarial system's focus on "winning and losing" fails to adequately take into account the relationships that are at the heart of most child abuse and neglect matters. The American legal system often focuses on individual rights and responsibilities and does no accommodate a more inclusive view of a collective "family" right. The adversarial system's focus on the individual neglects the relationships among many individuals. In the area of child welfare, "rights" must be viewed within the context of child protection. The adversarial system distorts the focus by pitting one party's rights against another's. Observers of the juvenile court system have long noted that the stakeholders in the system misunderstand or confuse their own roles and the roles of others. The source of these misunderstandings has been less thoroughly explored. This article will highlight some of the problems encountered by professionals working in this truly interdisciplinary field and will suggest methods for improving collaboration. Social workers and attorneys often lack a shared basis in language, ethical precepts and world view which leads to an inability to resolve those misunderstandings. This article examines the background, structure and history of the juvenile and family courts, emphasizing the tensions between social work and legal visions of the court. It examines the roles and conceptions held by both social workers and attorneys within the system and describe the difficulties both groups have in reconciling their competing views of the goals and methods for child protection. The article concludes by suggesting a variety of reforms that could facilitate more effective interdisciplinary cooperation between social workers and lawyers within the child protection system, including cross-training.
The undetected error probability for Reed-Solomon codes

R.J. McEliece and L. Swanson (IEEE Tran. Inform. Theory, vol.IT-32, p.701-3, 1986) offered an upper bound on P/sub E/(u), the decoder error probability given u symbol errors occur. In the present study, by using a combinatoric technique such as the principle of inclusion and exclusion, an exact formula for P/sub E/(u) is derived. The P/sub E/(u) of a maximum distance separable code is observed to approach Q rapidly as u gets large, where Q is the probability that a completely random error pattern will cause decoder error. An upper bound for the expansion mod P/sub E/(u)/Q-1 mod is derived, and is shown to decrease nearly exponentially as u increases. This proves analytically that P/sub E/(u) indeed approaches Q as u becomes large, and that some laws of large number come into play. >
Connections and Curvature

In this appendix we present results in differential geometry that serve as a useful background for material in the main body of the book. Material in §1 on connections is somewhat parallel to the study of the natural connection on a Riemannian manifold made in §11 of Chapter 1, but here we also study the curvature of a connection. Material in §2 on second covariant derivatives is connected with material in Chapter 2 on the Laplace operator. Ideas developed in §§3 and 4, on the curvature of Riemannian manifolds and submanifolds, make contact with such material as the existence of complex structures on two-dimensional Riemannian manifolds, established in Chapter 5, and the uniformization theorem for compact Riemann surfaces and other problems involving nonlinear, elliptic PDE, arising from studies of curvature, treated in Chapter 14. Section 5 on the Gauss-Bonnet theorem is useful both for estimates related to the proof of the unif ormization theorem and for applications to the Riemann-Roch theorem in Chapter 10. Furthermore, it serves as a transition to more advanced material presented in §§6–8.
Analyzing Conversations: Realizability, Synchronizability, and Verification

Conversations provide an intuitive and simple model for analyzing interactions among composite web services. A conversation is the global sequence of messages exchanged among the peers participating in a composite web service. Interactions in a composite web service can be analyzed by investigating the temporal properties of its conversations. Conversations can be specified in a top-down or bottom-up manner. In a top-down conversation specification, the set of conversationsis specified first, without specifying the individual behaviors of the peers. In a bottom-up conversation specification, on the other hand, behavior of each peer is specified separately and the conversation set is defined implicitly as the set of conversations generated by these peers. For both top-down and bottom-up specification approaches we are interested in the following: (1) Automatically verifying properties of conversations and (2) investigating the effect of asynchronous communication on the conversation behavior. These two issues are closely related since asynchronous communication with unbounded queues increases the difficulty of automated verification significantly.
Review and perspective: neuromechanical considerations for predicting muscle activation patterns for movement

Muscle coordination may be difficult or impossible to predict accurately based on biomechanical considerations alone because of redundancy in the musculoskeletal system. Because many solutions exist for any given movement, the role of the nervous system in further constraining muscle coordination patterns for movement must be considered in both healthy and impaired motor control. On the basis of computational neuromechanical analyses of experimental data combined with modeling techniques, we have demonstrated several such neural constraints on the temporal and spatial patterns of muscle activity during both locomotion and postural responses to balance perturbations. We hypothesize that subject-specific and trial-by-trial differences in muscle activation can be parameterized and understood by a hierarchical and low-dimensional framework that reflects the neural control of task-level goals. In postural control, we demonstrate that temporal patterns of muscle activity may be governed by feedback control of task-level variables that represent the overall goal-directed motion of the body. These temporal patterns then recruit spatially-fixed patterns of muscle activity called muscle synergies that produce the desired task-level biomechanical functions that require multijoint coordination. Moreover, these principles apply more generally to movement, and in particular to locomotor tasks in both healthy and impaired individuals. Overall, understanding the goals and organization of the neural control of movement may provide useful reduced dimension parameter sets to address the degrees-of-freedom problem in musculoskeletal movement control. More importantly, however, neuromechanical analyses may lend insight and provide a framework for understanding subject-specific and trial-by-trial differences in movement across both healthy and motor-impaired populations.
A model for performance estimation in a multistreamed superscalar processor

The current trend is integrating more hardware functional units within the superscalar processor. However, the functional units are not fully utilized due to the inherent limit of instruction-level parallelism in a single instruction stream. The use of simultaneous execution of instructions from multiple streams, referred to as multistreaming, can increase the number of instructions dispatched per cycle by providing more ready-to-issue instructions. We present an analytical modeling technique to evaluate the effect of dynamically interleaving additional instruction streams within superscalar architectures. Estimates of the instructions executed per cycle (IPC) are calculated given simple descriptions of the workload and hardware. To validate this technique, estimates obtained from the model for several benchmarks are compared against results from a hardware simulator.
Abstract 11909: Changes in Brain Caudate Nuclei Functional Connectivity in Heart Failure

INTRODUCTION: Heart failure (HF) subjects show caudate nuclei injury. The caudate nuclei serve cognitive, learning, memory, and motor functions, which are dependent upon connections to prefrontal, frontal, and limbic sites in order to impact these activities. Whether specific functional connections (FC, interaction ability via white matter connections between brain areas) from the caudate to these brain sites are affected in HF is unknown. METHODS: We collected resting-state functional MRI data from 17 HF (age 54.4±8.1 years; Females 5; BMI 29.4±5.7 kg/m2; LVEF 0.28±0.07) and 45 controls (age 50.9±7.6; Females 15; BMI 25.1±3.8 kg/m2), using a 3.0 Tesla MRI scanner, and analyzed with SPM8 and MATLAB-based software. Individual correlation maps between left and right caudate seed areas and whole-brain were calculated, converted to z-scored maps and compared with ANCOVA (covariates, age and gender; P RESULTS: The right caudate (Fig. 1) showed decreased FC in HF with the medial paracentral lobule (b), precuneus (a), and left cerebellum (e), and increased FC with the right precuneus (c), left precentral gyrus (d), and right postcentral gyrus (g). The left caudate (Figure) showed increased FC in HF with the left insula (h), left precentral gyrus, and left and right postcentral gyrus (f), but no sites with decreased FC, over control subjects. CONCLUSIONS: Despite injury, both left and right caudate nuclei show increased FC to primary motor and sensory cortices, and the left shows enhanced insular FC in HF. The enhanced FC to motor and parasympathetic regions may reflect compensatory efforts to overcome injured gray matter regions (caudate, insular, and frontal) processes of impaired motor and autonomic regulation, with the diminished cerebellar FC reflecting the motor dis-coordination.
Similarity in aligning Linked Open Data ontologies

Traditional ontology alignment (OA) systems focus on aligning well defined and structured ontologies from the same or closely related domain to produce a set of equivalence mappings between concepts in the source and target ontologies. Linked Open Data (LOD) ontologies, however, present different characteristics from standard ontologies. For example, equivalence relations are limited among LOD concepts; thus for LOD ontology alignment, subclass and superclass mappings between the source and target should also be produced. Current research on aligning LOD ontologies relies on other ways to measure similarity between concepts than typically found in traditional OA systems. Enhancements made to an existing traditional OA system to enable LOD alignment and include the use of background knowledge such as Wikinet. Experiments using a set of LOD reference alignments to evaluate the enhanced OA system and their results are described. Their results demonstrate the enhancements improve the alignment these LOD ontologies.
Evaluating long-term spectral subtraction for reverberant ASR

Even a modest degree of room reverberation can greatly increase the difficulty of automatic speech recognition. We have observed large increases in speech recognition word error rates when using a far-field (3-6 feet) microphone in a conference room, in comparison with recordings from head-mounted microphones. In this paper, we describe experiments with a proposed remedy based on the subtraction of an estimate of the log spectrum from a long-term (e.g., 2 s) analysis window, followed by overlap-add resynthesis. Since the technique is essentially one of enhancement, the processed signal it generates can be used as input for complete speech recognition systems. Here we report results with both the HTK and the SRI Hub-5 recognizer. For simpler recognizer configurations and/or moderate-sized training, the improvements are huge, while moderate improvements are still observed for more complex configurations under a number of conditions.
Oxidative Dehydrogenation—Biological

Carotenoids are photoprotective and colorful pigments necessary for the survival of all photosynthetic organisms. They are vital for the protection of photosynthetic complexes and membranes from reactive oxygen species. Carotenoids also cause the red, yellow, and orange coloration in flowers and vegetables to attract pollinators and vectors for distribution of seeds. The desaturation of carotenoids is essential to impart these photochemical properties to the molecule by increasing the length of the chromophore. This review discusses carotenoid desaturation from a molecular biological perspective. With the cloning of the carotenoid isomerase, most but not all the genes involved are now in the hands of researchers. This review will give the reader knowledge of the overall reaction and up-to-date information concerning new developments in carotenoid desaturation. Keywords: ζζ-carotene; ζζ-carotene desaturase; carotenoid biosynthesis; carotenoid desaturation; carotenoid isomerase; CRTISO; 3,4-didehydrolycopene; HPPDase; hydroxyneurosporene desaturase; hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase; immutans; neurosporene; lycopene; PDS; phytoene; phytoene desaturase; phytoene synthase; phytofluene; plastid terminal oxidase; prolycopene; PSY; tetra-cis-lycopene; 3,4,3′,4′-tetradehydrolycopene; ZDS; Z-ISO
The impact of ignoring a level of nesting structure in multilevel growth mixture model: A Monte Carlo study

Growth mixture modeling (GMM) is a relatively new technique for analyzing longitudinal data. However, when applying GMM, researchers might assume that the higher level (nonrepeated measure) units (e.g., students) are independent from each other even though it might not always be true. This article reports the results of a simulation study examining the impact of ignoring a higher level nesting structure in multilevel GMM. Three-level longitudinal clustered data were generated and then analyzed with the correct 3-level model and the incorrect model that ignored the highest level of nesting structure separately. The simulation results showed that although over 90% of the replications resulted in the correct class solution under both true and misspecified models, ignoring a higher level nesting structure could still result in lower classification accuracy, overestimated lower level variance components, and biased standard errors. The biased standard errors in turn affect the tests of significance for the fix...
Changing practice patterns in the workup of pulmonary embolism.

Study objective While the “gold standard” for diagnosis of pulmonary embolism remains selective pulmonary angiography and its sensitivity and specificity are very high, it is not frequently used. The Prospective Investigation of Pulmonary Embolism Diagnosis (PIOPED) clinical trial results confirmed the low mortality and morbidity of pulmonary angiogram and the need for further evaluation of patients with “low” and “intermediate” probability ventilation/perfusion scans. We wanted to determine whether physician behavior changed from 1988 to 1991. Design Retrospective review of inpatients having a ventilation/perfusion scan for suspected pulmonary embolism. The official reading of the ventilation/perfusion scans, venous leg sonograms with Doppler, contrast leg venograms, and pulmonary angiograms were recorded as well as the final diagnosis and treatment. Setting A large city hospital—The New York Hospital-Cornell Medical Center, New York. Patients All inpatients who had a ventilation perfusion scan in 1988 and all inpatients who had the procedure in 1991. Intervention None. Results The percentages of patients in each ventilation/perfusion scan category were similar in 1988 and 1991 as was the percentage of those who underwent anticoagulation therapy. Significantly more sonograms, however, were performed in 1991 along with fewer angiograms and venograms without any significant change in the overall cost. Conclusions In 1991, additional diagnostic tests were performed after a low or intermediate ventilation/perfusion scan, but the percentage of patients who underwent anticoagulation did not change from 1988. This suggests that better diagnostic screening approaches with more explicit guidelines need to be developed that take into account the local disease prevalance and hospital diagnostic and practice patterns.
Transient synovitis as a cause of painful limps in children.

Transient synovitis of the hip is one of the most common causes of hip pain and limp in young children. Its cause is still largely unknown, but its natural history is that of a self-limiting disorder with no residual sequelae, although recurrences are possible. Because this benign condition is simil
Pilot survey of cyanobacterial diversity from the neighborhood of San Gerardo de Rivas, Costa Rica with a brief summary of current knowledge of terrestrial cyanobacteria in Central America

Costa Rica is considered to be a biodiversity hotspot but little is known of its cyanobacterial flora and only a few studies dealing with aeroterrestrial algae have been published from this region so far. Our work focuses on the diversity of terrestrial cyanobacteria from Costa Rican cloud forest and compares our findings to knowledge from surrounding regions. In March 2010 samples of macroscopic cyanobacterial mats were collected from rocks, soils and a bromeliad leaf pool near the town of San Gerardo de Rivas, Costa Rica. The composition of the mats was investigated using light microscopy of fresh samples and acquired cultures. Among the 52 morphotypes revealed, heterocytous cyanobacteria with colored sheaths dominated, even though the most common species was Aphanocapsa cf. muscicola. The majority of morphotypes were determined to species level, and the rest was classified only to genus. Interestingly, nearly half of the species are considered to be cosmopolitan according to current knowledge and only four of the species present in our samples were known previously from Costa Rica (Stigonema minutum, Scytonema ocellatum, Sc. javanicum, and Sc. hofmannii). These results emphasize the need for phycological research in this understudied tropical area. We believe that our study will help not only to uncover further biodiversity in Costa Rican cloud forest but also to understand the distribution of cyanobacterial species among different biogeographical and climatic regions.
Automatic Usability Evaluation of Mobile Web Pages with XML

Recently, mobile browsing on the World Wide Web is growing rapidly. The growth has created a surge in the number of Web pages designed for mobile devices. To increase the usability of mobile browsing, the Mobile Web Best Practices have been proposed to guide the development of mobile-friendly Web pages. In this paper, the mobileOK checker, a free service provided by W3C, is used to automatically inspect the conformance of 46 popular mobile Web sites to the Mobile Web Best Practices. We analyze the evaluation results and provide suggestions for improving the design of mobile Web sites. In mobile browsing, different mobile devices have different screen sizes, layout structures, and styles to represent Web contents. Furthermore, mobile devices are developing fast. The diversity and fast development of mobile devices cause the mobile design guidelines changing over time. However, the mobileOK checker is not flexible to include new guidelines or customize a best practice rule to fit a specific mobile browsing scenario. To solve this problem, this paper presents a generic approach to represent the mobile design guidelines through an XML schema. Using the XML schema provides the flexibly to support evolving guidelines in an open format. To evaluate our approach, a prototype, WPChecker, has been developed.
The complete spectral assignment of didemnin B and nordidemnin B

Abstract Complete spectral assignments for the cyclic peptides nordidemnin B and didemnin B, isolated from Trididemnum solidum , collected at Guadaloupe Island in the Caribbean, are presented.
Renormalization group for mixed fermion-boson systems

We formulate a momentum-shell renormalization-group (RG) procedure that can be used in theories containing both bosons and fermions with a Fermi surface. We focus on boson-fermion couplings that are nearly forward scattering, i.e., involving small momentum transfer $(\stackrel{P\vec}{q}\ensuremath{\approx}0)$ for the fermions. Special consideration is given to phase space constraints that result from the conservation of momentum and the imposition of ultraviolet cutoffs. For problems where the energy and momentum scale similarly (dynamic exponent $z=1$), we show that more than one formalism can be used and they give equivalent results. When the energy and momentum must scale differently $(z\ensuremath{\ne}1)$, the procedures available are more limited but a consistent RG scheme can still be formulated. The approach is applicable to a variety of problems, such as itinerant-electron magnets and gauge fields interacting with fermions.
Open charm as a probe of preequilibrium dynamics in nuclear collisions

The preequilibrium contribution to open charm production in nuclear collisions at \ensuremath{\surd}s =200 A GeV is calculated and shown to be sensitive to the early time evolution of the initial minijet gluon plasma. The role of charm as a probe of the formation zone physics and correlations between momentum and space-time coordinates is emphasized. While ideal (Bjorken) correlation between the rapidity y and space-time rapidity \ensuremath{\eta} of minijet gluons suppresses greatly the preequilibrium yield, the minimal correlation with finite geometrical spread enhances the initial fusion rate by a factor \ensuremath{\sim}2 in the moderate ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$\ensuremath{\sim}2--6 GeV range. That is dominated by fusion of ``semihard'' ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$g2 GeV minijet gluons and secondary ``soft'' ${\mathit{p}}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{\perp}}}$2 GeV gluons from initial and final state radiation. The ``intrinsic'' charm process is negligible in the midrapidity domain.
Fiber optic timing, firing, and control systems for high-energy density physics experiments at Pegasus II

Several fiber optic systems have been designed and implemented for the high energy density experiments at Pegasus II. The main fiber optic system developed for Pegasus II remotely controls both the charging and discharging of the capacitor discharge unit (CDU). This fiber optic system is also used to distribute the timing and firing information specific to each experiment to the operators and experimenters. The timing and firing information includes the voltage on the CDU as it is being charged, a confirmation signal indicating the CDU has discharged and common timing signals based on the output signals on the load ring of the CDU. Various fiber optic systems were implemented to transfer diagnostic information related to the discharge of the main capacitor bank to the control room. The diagnostics include the current, electric field, and vacuum pressure at the target area. Not only do these fiber optic systems provide the control and monitor signals for the experiments at Pegasus II, they have the added value of preventing premature firing of the capacitor bank, eliminating ground loops between the test area and the control room and providing overall increased operator safety.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Polyoma virus capsid structure at 22.5 Å resolution

X-ray diffraction data from polyoma capsid crystals were phased by refinement of low-resolution starting models to obtain a self-consistent structural solution. The unexpected result that the hexavalent morphological unit is a pentamer shows that specificity of bonding is not conserved among the protein subunits in the icosahedrally symmetric capsid.
Hydrodynamics Computation of Jet Formation and Penetration for Micro-shaped Charges

Abstract Understanding the hydrodynamic mechanisms in millimeter size shaped charges and smaller, is important for defence- related applications but also for material processing, remote sensing and potential biological applications. Our current focus is to perform a high-fidelity computational study to investigate micro-shaped charge jet formation and penetration depth. We seek to develop an understanding of the limits of our current ability to predict the formation and penetration characteristics of micro-shaped charges by simulation. The LLNL's advanced multiphysics hydrodynamics code, ALE3D, is used as the computational framework. Results obtained for a series of multi-material computations using very small charges and cones will be discussed. The typical thickness of the metal liner is 0.0254 cm (0.01 in) at a stand-off distance of approximately 2.6 Liner Diameters. A complimentary experiment was performed with a very small shaped charge based on a detonator, to generate a representative realization for a simple baseline computational validation/comparison. Various Equation of State (EOS) models have been invoked including JWL, Mie-Gruneisen and γ-law gas with a programmed burn capability. It was found from the experimental data that the penetration depth corresponds to 3.3 Liner Diameter.
Distinctions in adenylate metabolism among organisms inhabiting temperature extremes

Microbiota from multiple kingdoms (e.g., Eubacteria, Fungi, Protista) thrive at temperature optima ranging from 0–20°C (psychrophiles) to 40–85°C (thermophiles). In this study, we have monitored changes in adenylate levels and growth rate as a function of temperature in disparate thermally adapted organisms. Our data indicate that growth rate and adenylate levels increase with temperature in mesophilic and thermophilic species, but rapid losses of adenosine 5′-triphosphate (ATP) occur upon cold or heat shock. By contrast, psychrophilic species decrease adenylate levels but increase growth rate as temperatures rise within their viable range. Moreover, psychrophilic ATP levels fell rapidly upon heat shock, but dramatic gains in ATP (~20–50%) were observed upon cold shock, even at sub-zero temperatures. These results suggest that energy metabolism in thermophiles resembles that in mesophiles, but that elevated adenylate nucleotides in psychrophiles may constitute a compensatory strategy for maintaining biochemical processes at low temperature.
Generation and propagation of high-order harmonics in crystals

The observation of nonperturbative high-order-harmonic generation in periodic solids has been interpreted in terms of a two step process comprising tunnel ionization and radiation from electrons undergoing frequency modulated Bloch oscillations in a strong laser field [Ghimire et al., Nat. Phys. 7, 138 (2011)]. Here we extend the model to include propagation effects. We show that the predicted efficiency is limited by phase velocity mismatch for emission below the band gap and by absorption above the band gap. The efficiency of harmonics scales with the square of the carrier density, suggesting that direct seeding could lead to higher yield. The emitted harmonics should have a temporal profile consisting of a train of subcycle pulses with duration on the order of 650 as depending on the crystal thickness.
Zeta Polynomials and the Möbius Function

Using the theory of zeta polynomials, chain generalizations of well-known Mobius function identities are obtained. The proofs of these identities are combinatorial, and the Mobius function identities follows as corollaries.
RNA intrusions change DNA elastic properties and structure

The units of RNA, termed ribonucleoside monophosphates (rNMPs), have been recently found as the most abundant defects present in DNA. Despite the relevance, it is largely unknown if and how rNMPs embedded in DNA can change the DNA structure and mechanical properties. Here, we report that rNMPs incorporated in DNA can change the elastic properties of DNA. Atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based single molecule elasticity measurements show that rNMP intrusions in short DNA duplexes can decrease – by 32% – or slightly increase the stretch modulus of DNA molecules for two sequences reported in this study. Molecular dynamics simulations and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy identify a series of significant local structural alterations of DNA containing embedded rNMPs, especially at the rNMPs and nucleotide 3′ to the rNMP sites. The demonstrated ability of rNMPs to locally alter DNA mechanical properties and structure may help in understanding how such intrusions impact DNA biological functions and find applications in structural DNA and RNA nanotechnology.
The Profile of The Managerial Mind

The article discusses the managerial mind concept discussed in the books written by Charles Summer and David Ewing. The author outlines features that distinguish the managerial mind from other mind...
Alternative implementations of the Griewangk function

The well-known Griewangk function, used for evaluation of evolutionary algorithms, becomes easier as the number of dimensions grows. This paper suggests three alternative implementations that maintain function complexity for high-dimensional versions of the problem. Diagonal slices of the search landscape and local search are used to demonstrate and evaluate the difficulty of each function.
Blind Identification of Nonbinary LDPC Codes Using Average LLR of Syndrome a Posteriori Probability

Prevalent adaptive modulation and coding (AMC) techniques can facilitate the flexible strategies subject to the dynamic channel quality. It would be quite intriguing for one to build a blind encoder identification technique without spectrum-efficiency sacrifice for AMC transceivers. In this paper, we make the first-ever attempt to tackle the blind nonbinary low-density parity-check (LDPC) encoder identification given a predefined encoder candidate set over the Galois field GF(q) for q-ary quadrature amplitude modulation (q-QAM) signals. Our proposed method establishes the log-likelihood ratios (LLRs) of syndrome a posteriori probabilities (APPs), which specify the potential correctness of the underlying parity-check relations, and identifies the nonbinary LDPC encoder leading to the maximum average LLR over the candidate set. Monte Carlo simulation results verify the effectiveness of our proposed new scheme.
An Information-Based Hypothesis.

“…effective transfer of knowledge is likely to lead to both more rapid development and more equitable global distribution of wealth.”
Development of a sensitive microarray immunoassay and comparison with standard enzyme-linked immunoassay for cytokine analysis.

ABSTRACTCytokine and cytokine inhibitors represent important components of the inflammatory response in patients with trauma, shock, and sepsis. Many investigators wish to quantify cytokines and it would be advantageous to measure multiple cytokines in a multiplex manner to obtain an inflammatory pr
A Model of Student Learning in Community Service Field Placements Voices from the Field

In the USA, many universities and colleges integrate student classroom learning with interaction in the community. Educators in pre-professional programs recognize the importance of understanding how students integrate community service learning with professional practice. Yet, missing from this body of literature is a discussion of the effects of service learning on social work undergraduate students. This article provides insight into the student experience as expressed in the voices of pre-service social workers that completed community service field placements in the USA. The findings suggest a developmental model of learning with common themes that progressed from basic understanding to integration. The demonstration of the service learning model applied to undergraduate internships in social work demonstrates the broad application of community-based learning models to teaching in the health care and counseling professions.
Early Morning Ventilation of a Gaseous Tracer from a Mountain Valley

Abstract An important component of a joint Environmental Protection Agency–Department of Energy field experiment in Brush Creek Valley, Colorado in July–August 1982, was an aircraft sampling task to help verify the early morning ventilation of a gaseous tracer from the valley. The aircraft sampling supplemented a surface sampling network in the 650 m deep northwest–southeast oriented valley. A 100 m elevated tracer release 11 km up Brush Creek Valley from its confluence with Roan Creek Valley was sampled using an airborne real-time tracer analyzer supplemented with periodic grab bag samples. Three experiments were conducted in the early morning hours (0400–1000 MST) of 31 July, 4 August, and 6 August. The tracer plume during the drainage wind period was observed to be confined below 400 m in the valley and was transported beyond 25 km down-valley from the source into Roan Creek Valley. Maximum tracer concentrations were observed on the lower east-sidewall during the early morning but moved to the lower we...
Is cancer incidence decreased in the frail elderly? Evidence from a prospective cohort study

Abstract Objectives Lower rates of cancer in the oldest old and in nursing home populations may reflect the increasing prevalence of frailty and a diminished capacity to sustain cancer cell growth and proliferation. This study aimed to determine cancer incidence in the frail relative to non-frail community resident older adults. Materials and methods Data from 3969 participants free of diagnosed cancer at the sixth follow‐up from three sites of the Established Populations for Epidemiologic Studies of the Elderly (EPESE), a population-based cohort study. Frailty status was determined from physical performance testing and self reported dependency in activities of daily living. Cancer incidence over the four subsequent years was identified through linkage with Medicare claims data. Logistic regression was used to estimate the odds of cancer incidence with respect to frailty status in multiple models with progressive adjustment for covariates. Results Of the 3969 participants, 1340 (33.8%) were identified as frail. Cancer incidence at 4 years was lower in frail participants overall (OR 0.64; 95% CI 0.46–0.89) and frail men in particular (OR 0.54; 95% CI 0.33–0.87). Incidence was lower in women (3.7%) than in men (8.8%), but was not lower in frail women compared with non-frail women (OR 0.77; 95% CI 0.48–1.23). Conclusion Frailty status was associated with decreased cancer incidence, particularly in men, and suggests that mechanisms related to the pathogenesis of frailty may also play a role in inhibiting tumorigenesis. Why this would be more apparent in men than women remains to be clarified.
Radioactive waste produced by demonstration and commercial fusion reactors extrapolated from ITER and advanced databases

Abstract The radioactive wastes that would be produced in demonstration and commercial fusion reactors which could be extrapolated from the design database that will be provided by ITER and its supporting R&D and from a design database supplemented by advanced physics and advanced materials R&D programs are identified and characterized in terms of a number of possible criteria for near-surface burial. The results indicate that there is a possibility that all fusion wastes could satisfy a “low level” waste criterion for “near-surface” burial.
Measurements of the Steady State Operating Characteristics of the Five Shoe Tilting Pad Journal Bearing

An experimental investigation of the 76 mm diameter, five shoe tilting pad journal bearing, with L/D ratios of 0.46 and 0.75 was conducted on a new bearing test facility. Individual shoes were of the center pivot type, with zero preload. Bearing temperature data from an array of twenty one thermo-couples mounted in the bearing shoes have been measured for a wide range of speeds and loads, and different directions of the load line. Also carried out were tests to measure the position of the shaft in the bearing clearance space, and the bearing friction force. Data has also been obtained which demonstrates the relative effect of oil flow and oil inlet temperature on bearing temperature and oil discharge temperature. Results in this paper are presented for specific loads that ranged from 0.52 MPa (75 lb/in2) to 3.45 MPa (500 lb/in2) and shaft speedy up to 150 Hz (9000 rev/min). Presented at the 43rd Annual Meeting in Cleveland, Ohio May 9–12, 1988
Concomitant speech and language disorders in stuttering children: a critique of the literature.

This article presents a critical review of the literature concerning concomitant speech and language disorders in stuttering children. Studies published since the 1920s that examined language onset...
Abstract 4621: Hedgehog acyltransferase as a novel target in breast cancer

Proceedings: AACR Annual Meeting 2014; April 5-9, 2014; San Diego, CA Hedgehog acyltransferase (Hhat) catalyzes the transfer of a palmitoyl group onto Sonic Hedgehog (Shh), a modification that is essential for the signaling activity of Shh. Recent large scale genomics data show Hhat amplifications in a variety of tumor types including breast, liver, lung and uterine cancers. Breast invasive carcinomas have the highest percentage of Hhat amplification. To determine the functional significance of Hhat expression in breast cancers, we used a panel of estrogen receptor-α (ERα) positive and negative cell lines. Here, we show that Hhat is a novel target for inhibition of ERα positive breast cancer. Depletion of Hhat with lentivirally delivered shRNAs decreased both anchorage-dependent and anchorage-independent proliferation of ERα positive, but not ERα negative, breast cancer cells. Treatment with RU-SKI 43, a small molecule inhibitor of Hhat recently developed by our group, also reduced ERα positive cell proliferation, whereas a structurally related, inactive compound had no effect. To identify signaling pathways that mediate the growth defect in response to Hhat inhibition, we used a commercially available microarray which analyzes the phosphorylation of 18 different intracellular signaling components. Phosphorylation of Akt, S6 ribosomal protein, Bad, and PRAS40 were reduced after treatment of the ERα positive cell line MCF7 with RU-SKI 43. Of note, the Smoothened inhibitor erismodegib had no effect on ERα positive cell proliferation, indicating that cell growth is regulated by non-canonical signaling pathways. Overexpression of Hhat in ERα positive cells not only rescued the growth defect in the presence of RU-SKI 43, but also resulted in increased cell proliferation in the absence of drug treatment. Together, these data suggest that Hhat plays a critical role in ERα positive breast cancer and highlight the potential promise of Hhat inhibitors for therapeutic benefit. Citation Format: Armine Matevossian, Marilyn Resh. Hedgehog acyltransferase as a novel target in breast cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 4621. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-4621
Hypernetwork sampling: Duality and differentiation among voluntary organizations

Abstract One of the recurrent problems in the study of social organization is that survey researchers are forced to study individuals, while they are often interested in hypotheses about organizations or systems of organizations. This paper offers some methods which allow survey researchers to address hypotheses about the relations generated among individuals by organizations, the organizations themselves, and the relations among organizations. Estimators are developed for the number and size distribution of organizations in communities, the density of relations among individuals generated by organizations, the number and density of interorganizational linkages, and the amount of membership overlap among organizations. This approach combines Granovetter's idea of network sampling with Breiger's notion of the duality of persons and groups to produce a quantitative approach to the study of voluntary organization. We provide an illustration of the methods we develop by testing two of Blau's structural hypotheses on data concerning voluntary organizations. The hypotheses that structural differentiation increases with system size and that this increase is at a decreasing rate are strongly supported. The paper closes with some suggestions for further elaborations of the hypernetwork approach.