cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Thermal structure beneath the Snake River Plain: Implications for the Yellowstone hotspot

Basaltic magmatism associated with the Yellowstone hotspot has been widely attributed to upwelling of a mantle plume, yet the temporal and spatial distribution of these magmas and their compositional characteristics are distinctive from oceanic hotspot magmatism. Fundamental questions concern the influence of continental cratonic lithosphere in producing the differences, and the extent to which upper plate processes contribute to magma production. To better understand scenarios of melt generation, P―T conditions are estimated for segregation of primitive Snake River Plain (SRP) basalts from the mantle. Combined with analysis of trace element and seismic constraints, we conclude from this that (1) melt production was concentrated at depths between roughly 70-100 km, (2) mantle temperature was only slightly higher than ambient conditions with a maximum potential temperature of 1450 °C, and (3) the mantle source was relatively fertile (Mg#<90). These results suggest that the seismically imaged plume below Yellowstone is significantly cooler than upwellings beneath Hawaii, Iceland and many other oceanic "hotspots". Our findings, in combination with other geochemical and geodynamic considerations, are permissive of magma generation within the ancient lithospheric mantle keel associated with the Wyoming craton. Plume contributions, while not excluded, involve physical and geochemical implications that suggest they are subordinate.
Lack of Correlations of Sense-Modality-Oriented Indices of Learning Styles with Each other and with Classroom Tasks

Four indices used to measure 36 students' preferred sense modality did not correlate well with each other or with classroom tasks such as recalling visual and auditory information from a videotape, imaging ability, problem solving, etc. Three were paper-and-pencil indices for group presentation (Fleming and Mills' test, Kirby, Moore, and Schofield's index, and Westman's index), and one required individual testing (Swassing-Barbe Modality Index). Students indicated that their analyses of task requirements rather than their preferences for sense modality determined the use of their sense modalities.
Absolute fluorescent quantum efficiency of sodium salicylate

The absolute fluorescent quantum efficiency of sodium salicylate was measured by two different methods and found to be 0.99±0.03 fluorescent quanta emitted per incident ultraviolet quantum at 2537 A. Measurements were also made at 1216 and 1611 A by one of the methods, and the quantum efficiency was found to be 0.94 at both wavelengths. The energy conversion efficiency was found to be 0.57 at 2537 A, 0.35 at 1611 A, and 0.26 at 1216 A. The angular distribution of fluorescence and the quantum efficiency were found to depend upon salicylate thickness. The quantum efficiency displays a broad maximum for thicknesses in the range 2–4 mg/cm2 and the angular distribution follows closely a cosine law in this thickness range.
A 15-year-old with back pain, fever, and leg numbness

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) is an uncommon entity. We report an adolescent presenting with fever and back pain beginning 3 months after a leg abscess. This case highlights several important aspects of the diagnosis and care of patients with SEA. As illustrated by this case, plain radiographs and computed tomography of the spine can miss the diagnosis, thus when spinal epidural abscess is suspected, magnetic resonance imaging is the imaging modality of choice. Epidural abscesses most commonly arise from hematological dissemination, with Staphylococcus aureus being the most often cultured organism. Surgical intervention early combined with the administration of proper antibiotics leads to the best outcome.
Decomposition approaches in permutation scheduling problems with application to the M-machine flow shop scheduling problems

Abstract In this article, we consider three decomposition techniques for permutation scheduling problems. We introduce a general iterative decomposition algorithm for permutation scheduling problems and apply it to the permutation flow shop scheduling problem. We also develop bounds needed for this iterative decomposition approach and compare its computational requirements to that of the traditional branch and bound algorithms. Two heuristic algorithms based on the iterative decomposition approach are also developed. extensive numerical study indicates that the heuristic algorithms are practical alternatives to very costly exact algorithms for large flow shop scheduling problems.
An improved design methodology for gyrotron internal mode conversion systems

A new dual-frequency quasi-optical mode conversion system for a step-tunable gyrotron is discussed. The design methodology improves upon those for previously reported designs in that the optimization of the launcher and mirror system have been integrated, and power losses within the mirror system are explicitly minimized.
Exciton transport and Anderson localization in Liouville space: The effective dephasing approximation

Abstract The effective dephasing approxamation (EDA) provides a self-consistent procedure for calculating the transport properties of excitons and electrons in a disordered medium. It is based on mapping the averaged Liouville space propagator into the propagator of a particle moving in an ordered lattice with an effective frequency-dependent dephasing rate, which is determined self-consistently. The Liouville equation for the averaged density matrix is isomorphic to a linearized Boltzmann equation, and the effective dephasing rate represents a generalized BGK strong-collision operator. Our results agree with the predictions of scaling theories of the Anderson transition.
Mutagenicity of 2-amino-N6-hydroxyadenine (AHA) at three loci in L5178Y/tk+/- mouse lymphoma cells: molecular and preliminary cytogenetic characterizations of AHA-induced tk-/- mutants.

2-Amino-N6-hydroxyadenine (AHA) is a remarkably efficient and specific inducer of point mutations in Neurospora, with few or no larger scale events being detected (de Serres et al., 1985). In the present studies, AHA is shown to be a potent point mutagen at the tk±, hprt+ and Na+/K+ ATPase loci in L5178Y/tk±−3.7.2C mouse lymphoma cells. Both large and small colony tk−/− mutants were analyzed at the molecular level and a preliminary assessment was made of small colony mutant karyotypes (230 bands/haploid metaphase cell; large colony mutants typically have normal karyotypes and were not analyzed). AHA induced greatly delayed (7–9 cell doublings) cytotoxicity, suggestive of a mutational mechanism (e.g., base-pair substitution) requiring DNA replection prior to its phenotypic expression. Approximately one-third of the tk−/− mutants formed small colonies, a phenotype which is typically associated with alterations to chromosome 11b, the site of the functional tkb allele in the parental cells. However, banded karyotypes have provided convincing evidence for alterations to chromosome 11b in only 2 of the 7 small colony mutants analyzed. Southern blot analysis showed that 78% (2127) of these small colony mutants have retained the Nco-1 6.3-kb band, which is diagnostic of the tkb allele. This makes AHA unique among the mutagens examined so far in inducing small colony mutants without inducing large losses of tkb DNA. Although a dose-dependent increase in the proportion of small colony mutants was noted, no significant dose-dependent differences were seen at the molecular level in the relatively few mutants analyzed. The majority of AHA-induced tk−/− mutants formed large colonies. Southern blot analysis showed that 86% (2529) of these had retained the Nco-1 6.3-kb band which is diagnostic of the tkb allele. It is concluded that AHA induces primarily micromutations (< 100 base pairs), probably through a base-pair substitution mechanism, at the tk, hprt and Na+/K+ ATPase loci in this system, with some larger scale damage (kilobases of DNA at the molecular level; chromosome 11b damage at the cytogenetic level) also occuring.
Experimental Evaluation of a Self-Contained Circulation-Control Wing

A low-speed experimental investigation detailing the design and evaluation of a self-contained circulation-control wing is presented. A moderate aspect-ratio wing (3.34) utilizing a low-Reynolds-number S8036 profile was tested at Re=170,000. The trailing-edge jet was produced using two internal impellers drawing air off the wing tips. The effect of trailing-edge bluntness was examined as was the jet’s quiescent characteristics. Achievable jet-momentum coefficients were low, limiting circulation control to the boundary-layer control regime. Force-balance testing indicated that the circulation-control system could achieve a moderate zero-lift angle-of-attack shift; however, the primary effect of the jet was flow control at high incidence, in which stall was delayed significantly. The blunt trailing edge (Coanda surface) caused a significant increase in the minimum drag coefficient, reducing both the range and endurance parameters.
Severity of Childhood Sexual Abuse: Symptom Differences between Men and Women.

Abstract Several aspects of childhood sexual abuse were investigated to deterrmine the “best model” for predicting long-term symptoms found both in male and female survivors. Level of severity accounted for the most variation for both men and women for each of the five measures of trauma symptoms (dissociation, anxiety, depression, sexual dysfunction, and sleep disturbance). The most severe level of sexual abuse was associated with significantly more long-term distress than other levels of abuse in both men and women. Differences and similarities between the findings for men and women are discussed.
High-density silicon carrier transmission line design for chip-to-chip interconnects

Two differential stripline configurations with pitches of 8µm and 22µm are designed for ultra dense interconnect on silicon carrier. The transmission lines are implemented using four wiring levels to support chip-to-chip communication at 11.5Gb/s data rate over 2cm without equalization. Loss characteristics are extracted from test coupons with good model-to-hardware correlation. Impedance and temperature dependent loss performance are analyzed with simulation. Crosstalk performance between two pairs with and without ground shielding, as well as between two twisted pairs, are also evaluated with hardware measurement.
Chemical and spatial control of substitutional intermediate band materials: Toward the atomic layer deposition of V 0.25 In 1.75 SP 3

A few heavily substituted metal sulfides have been predicted to form intermediate band (IB) materials. While early experiments with powdered material have shown great promise, a synthetic approach to thin film growth is lacking. Here we report an atomic layer deposition (ALD) approach to fabricate V 0.25 In 1.75 SP 3 IB thin films with the potential for unique alloying control. Many commercial indium and vanadium precursors were explored, but their surface chemistries were unsatisfactory with H 2 S. Instead, a novel indium (III) amidinate precursor enables the growth of largely impurity-free In 2 S 3 films. Thin films with promising optoelectronic properties have been tested and characterized. Additionally, vanadium alloying has commenced using a novel vanadium(III) amidinate precursor, and the first evidence of sub-band gap absorption has been observed.
Percolation Theory, Thermoelasticity, and Discrete Hydrothermal Venting in the Earth's Crust.

As hydrothermal fluid ascends through a network of cracks into cooler crust, heat is transferred from the fluid to the adjacent rock. The thermal stresses caused by this heating close cracks that are more or less vertical. This heating may affect network connections and destroy the permeable crack network. Thermoelastic stresses caused by a temperature difference of ∼1000°C can decrease the interconnectivity of a crack network to the percolation threshold. If the temperature is slightly less, thermoelastic stresses may focus the discharge in hydrothermal systems into discrete vents.
A New Species of Leptarctus (Carnivora, Mustelidae) from the Late Clarendonian (Late Miocene) of Kansas

ABSTRACT Leptarctus mummorum, new species, from the late Clarendonian of northwestern Kansas is described for the unusual mustelid genus Leptarctus Leidy, 1856. It is distinguished from other species of the genus by its larger size, temporal crests meeting along the central axis of the skull, relatively longer rostrum and bullar processes, depression anterior to the orbit, oblique ridge along the orbital wall, upper third premolar (P3) with an accessory internal accessory cusp, and upper fourth premolar (P4) with a greatly enlarged parastyle. It appears that previous suggestions that Leptarctus was strictly herbivorous and arboreal are not supportable based on the morphologies of the skull and dentition.
Chronic prostatitis: Results ofan internet survey

Abstract Objectives . Chronic prostatitis is a common diagnosis, but the etiology of this disease is unknown. We sought to catalog symptoms and etiologic factors for chronic prostatitis to gather epidemiologic data about the disease. We also sought to determine the feasibility of doing this using the Internet. Methods . A 54-question survey was designed and posted to several Internet newsgroups dealing withchronic prostatitis. The questions dealt with symptoms, predisposing factors, demographic data, and sexual practices. Responses were collected by electronic mail and tabulated at a central site. Results . We received 163 completed surveys over a 2-month period. Nine percent of responses came fromindividuals outside the United States or Canada. Only 9.8% of completed surveys contained one or more unreadable answers. The responding population consisted of relatively young men (mean age 43 years) with a chronic, relapsing set of symptoms mostly characterized by pain at various locations in the pelvis, irritative voiding symptoms, and pain associated with ejaculation. Most respondents were potent and had a single sexual partner. Conclusions . This catalog of symptoms will be useful in the design of a standardized instrument to distinguish the population of men with prostatitis from normal men or men with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The facility of conducting patient surveys by Internet is demonstrated.
Integrating the physical environment into mobile remote collaboration

We describe a framework and prototype implementation for unobtrusive mobile remote collaboration on tasks that involve the physical environment. Our system uses the Augmented Reality paradigm and model-free, markerless visual tracking to facilitate decoupled, live updated views of the environment and world-stabilized annotations while supporting a moving camera and unknown, unprepared environments. In order to evaluate our concept and prototype, we conducted a user study with 48 participants in which a remote expert instructed a local user to operate a mock-up airplane cockpit. Users performed significantly better with our prototype (40.8 tasks completed on average) as well as with static annotations (37.3) than without annotations (28.9). 79% of the users preferred our prototype despite noticeably imperfect tracking.
Dural Sinus (Cerebral Venous) Thrombosis in a Pediatric Trauma Patient: A Rare Complication After Closed Head Injury.

Objective: Closed head injury rarely predisposes patients, particularly children, to the development of dural sinus thrombosis. In addition, most cases of sinus thrombosis are subacute in nature. The following is a case report of a precipitous course of dural sinus thrombosis after closed head injury in a pediatric trauma patient. Description: A14-year-oldAfricanAmericangirlpresentedtotheemergency department as a trauma activation. Shewas an unrestrained rear-seat passenger involved in a motor vehicle collision during which she was ejected. She experienced loss of consciousness and was found unresponsive at the scene. She was intubated and then transported via helicopter to the level I trauma center. Initial head computed tomography (CT) revealed no acute intracranial abnormality. The head CT was repeated 15 hours later when nursing noted the patient to be acutely hypertensive and tachycardic with an 8-mm nonreactive right pupil. The repeated CT showed interval development of extensive dural sinus thrombosis, cerebellar edema and infarct, as well as mild downward transtentorial herniation. Because of multiple coexistent injuries and complications, treatment of the dural sinus thrombosis was difficult. The hospital course was complicated and there was very little improvement in the patient's condition. Conclusions: The multisystem injured trauma patient poses many clinical challenges. Treatment of dural sinus thrombosis is difficult and controversial and requires an investigation into possible risk factors for a hypercoagulable state. Clinical outcomes vary from excellent to dismal.
Spatially-correlated sensor discriminant analysis

A study of generalization error in signal detection by multiple spatially-distributed and -correlated sensors is provided when the detection rule is learned from a finite number of training samples via the classical linear discriminant analysis formulation. Spatial correlation among sensors is modeled by a Gauss-Markov random field defined on a nearest neighbor graph according to inter-sensor spatial distance, where sensors are placed randomly on a growing bounded region of the plane. A fairly simple approximate expression for generalization error is derived involving few parameters. It is shown that generalization error is minimized not when there are an infinite number of sensors, but a number of sensors equal to half the number of samples in the training set. The minimum generalization error is related to a single parameter of the sensor spatial location distribution, derived based on weak laws of large numbers in geometric probability. The finite number of training samples acts like a budgeting variable, similar to a total communication power constraint.
Neuroleptic Use and Behavioral Disturbance in Nursing Homes: A 1-Year Study

This article discusses a longitudinal study of change in disruptive behaviors among nursing home residents treated with neuroleptics compared with those not treated with neuroleptics. Observations were made of 201 participants on admission to and after 1 year in eight skilled nursing facilities. Nine disruptive behaviors were measured using the Psychogeriatric Dependency Rating Scale with nursing assistants. Neuroleptic use was documented from medication records. Odds ratios are reported for the association of behavior at baseline and use of neuroleptics on nine problem behaviors. For those who received neuroleptics during the year, there was greater change in both developing and resolving disruptive behaviors than for those not receiving neuroleptics. For both groups, restless or pacing behavior and belligerent behavior manifested by refusing instructions changed the most, both in developing and in apparently resolving. Our results show that change in disruptive behaviors occurs among nursing home residents regardless of neuroleptic use, but it occurs more frequently among those who receive neuroleptic medication. Knowledge of which disruptive behaviors are most likely to resolve or develop is important in training nursing home staff to cope with the behaviors as well as in planning interventions that may modify such behaviors.
First results in vision-based crop line tracking

Automation of agricultural harvesting equipment in the near term appears both economically viable and technically feasible. This paper describes a vision-based algorithm which guides a harvester by tracking the line between cut and uncut crop. Using this algorithm, a harvester has successfully cut roughly one acre of crop to date, at speeds of up to 4.5 miles an hour in an actual alfalfa field. A broad range of methods for detecting the crop cut boundary were considered, including both range-based and vision-based techniques; several of these methods were implemented and evaluated on data from an alfalfa field. The final crop-line detection algorithm is presented, which operates by computing the best-fit step function of a normalized-color measure of each row of an RGB image. Results of the algorithm on some sample crop images are shown, and potential improvements are discussed.
NMR of molecules and surfaces using laser-polarized xenon

Abstract Practical aspects of the techniques currently in use for the generation of highly polarized xenon through optical pumping of rubidium vapor are compared. Optically polarized xenon has applications in NMR spectroscopy using direct 129 Xe NMR detection, and as a nuclear spin polarization source for polarization transfer experiments. Polarization transfer has been achieved using thermal mixing, Hartmann–Hahn cross polarization, and the nuclear Overhauser effect. The practicality of these techniques is compared, highlighting recent examples. The implementation of magic angle spinning and continuous-flow techniques in combination with spin induced nuclear Overhauser enhancement makes laser-polarized xenon a widely applicable tool for the study of surfaces.
Schweydar-Bamberg Types of Eotvos Torsion Balance

The general principle of the torsion balance is explained and the development of the automatic recording type is briefly described. Details on the large model Schweydar-Bamberg are given. Also a small model of this type has been developed by adopting a new shape of the balance beam. Future possibilities in the construction of small torsion balances are discussed. A list of references is appended. Principle of torsion balance: For his gravitational researches Baron Roland von Eotvos designed an instrument which made it possible to observe gravitational data with an accuracy previously unobtainable, namely, the torsion balance. The principle of this instrument, that is, a horizontal bar loaded at its ends by two weights and suspended from a thin wire, thus reflecting very small horizontal attractions, was already known at that time, since Cavendish had used it for the determination of the gravitational constant, and Coulomb for electric and magnetic investigations. Eotvos was the first who made the torsion balance suitable especially for the solution of practical geological problems by changing the design of the torsion balance already known. He suspended one of the loading masses below the horizontal part of the beam. This improvement enabled him not only to measure horizontal directing forces, as was possible with the first type, but also the alteration of gravity in horizontal direction, the so-called "gradient of gravity." A deflection of such a balance with two weights in different levels is produced by irregularities in the subsoil, since the directions of attractions of such masses are different at the two weights, thus causing a small horizontal component. Naturally there occur no differences in those directions of attractions over the c nter of heavy masses in the subsoil, but they reach their highest amount over the edges, meaning that the greatest deflection is produced where the gradient of gravity is the largest. The described balance system is inclosed in a triple casing in order to protect it against air currents and temperature changes. Generally two balances by the side of each other are used in the same instrument. The deflections of the two beams are observed either visually in three azimuths, or the instrument is moved automatically in these three positions, taking records photographically after the balances have come to rest.
Utilization of the National Health and Nutrition Examination (NHANES) Survey for Symptoms, Tests, and Diagnosis of Chronic Respiratory Diseases and Assessment of Second hand Smoke Exposure.

Background: Respiratory diseases encompass a number of complex disorders that constitute a major cause of both morbidity and mortality worldwide with a major burden to the afflicted as well as the health care systems that care for them. Although the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases (CRDs) has been decreasing in industrialized countries due to a decreasing number of smokers and stricter laws aimed at reducing exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS), the burden of CRDs in developing world populations is expected to worsen due to communicable disease prevention programs, aging populations, environmental air pollution, and continued tobacco smoke exposure. Although tobacco smoking has been shown to be significantly associated with many CRDs, evidence linking SHS exposure to different CRDs is mixed, especially with low levels of SHS exposure. Methods: The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is a series of studies designed to assess the health and nutritional status of non-institutionalized adults and children in the United States (U.S.). In addition to being used to monitor the health of the U.S. population, NHANES data allow for research into prevalent health problems and their risk factors in the population, such with CRDs and SHS exposure. NHANES data can be utilized to explore a variety of issues related to the assessment of SHS exposure and its association to respiratory symptoms and illnesses. Results: First, we provide a brief review of NHANES including its strengths and limitations. We then provide a summary of the variables and publically available population based data that can be used to study associations between SHS exposure and CRD symptoms, testing and diagnoses. Conclusion: Rich and cost effective, NHANES data provide a unique opportunity for research into the risk factors for CRDs in the U.S. population, particularly into the possible health effects of low levels of SHS exposure.
Trends in 24-h urinary sodium excretion in the United States, 1957–2003: a systematic review

Background: Few studies have examined temporal trends in sodium intake in the US population. Collections of 24-h urine sodium excretions are reliable markers for dietary sodium intake. Objective: We examined temporal trends in 24-h urine sodium excretions to estimate temporal trends in sodium intake in the US population. Design: We performed a systematic search of English-language articles in MEDLINE for studies that reported collections of 24-h urine sodium excretions in the United States. We estimated mean urine sodium excretions over time for all studies and demographic subgroups. Results: We analyzed 38 studies, which dated from 1957 to 2003, and estimated a mean (±SE) 24-h urine sodium excretion per person of 3526 ± 75 mg Na. In a multivariate random-effects model with study year, sex, age, and race, the study year was not associated with any significant change in sodium excretions (coefficient = 154 mg Na · 24 h−1 · 10 y−1; 95% CI: −140, 448 mg Na · 24 h−1 · 10 y−1). In subgroup analyses, there was no significant temporal trend seen in male, female, black, or white study participants. Conclusion: Sodium intake in the US adult population appears to be well above current guidelines and does not appear to have decreased with time.
SAW-thin-film acoustoelectric in-situ observation and measurement

The thin-film acoustoelectric effect in surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices describes the interaction of electrical energy between a SAW in a piezoelectric medium and a thin-film placed in the wave's propagation path. The real-time observation of the thin-film acoustoelectric interaction is useful in the design and characterization of SAW-based thin-film chemical and physical sensors (i.e. temperature, humidity, viscosity, voltage, current, hall effects, etc.). An in-situ test fixture was designed to be mechanically, thermally and electrically stable. Data has been taken for many SAW devices and over a wide range of frequencies. The results show that the use of the in-situ procedure yielded: good agreement between theoretical predictions and the measured data, characterization a SAW-H 2 gas sensor in real-time and various methods to calibrate the film deposition system and procedure. This paper presents the approach taken in configuring an electron beam evaporation system for ultra-thin-film characterization and the design of test fixtures, data acquisition configuration, and experimental procedures to extract and analyze SAW parameters in real time, and to extract the thin-film properties under test.
Semantic term matching in axiomatic approaches to information retrieval

A common limitation of many retrieval models, including the recently proposed axiomatic approaches, is that retrieval scores are solely based on exact (i.e., syntactic) matching of terms in the queries and documents, without allowing distinct but semantically related terms to match each other and contribute to the retrieval score. In this paper, we show that semantic term matching can be naturally incorporated into the axiomatic retrieval model through defining the primitive weighting function based on a semantic similarity function of terms. We define several desirable retrieval constraints for semantic term matching and use such constraints to extend the axiomatic model to directly support semantic term matching based on the mutual information of terms computed on some document set. We show that such extension can be efficiently implemented as query expansion. Experiment results on several representative data sets show that, with mutual information computed over the documents in either the target collection for retrieval or an external collection such as the Web, our semantic expansion consistently and substantially improves retrieval accuracy over the baseline axiomatic retrieval model. As a pseudo feedback method, our method also outperforms a state-of-the-art language modeling feedback method.
Memory for the search path: evidence for a high-capacity representation of search history.

Using a gaze-contingent paradigm, we directly measured observers’ memory capacity for fixated distractor locations during search. After approximately half of the search objects had been fixated, they were masked and a spatial probe appeared at either a previously fixated location or a non-fixated location; observers then rated their confidence that the target had appeared at the probed location. Observers were able to differentiate the 12 most recently fixated distractor locations from non-fixated locations, but analyses revealed that these locations were represented fairly coarsely. We conclude that there exists a high-capacity, but low-resolution, memory for a search path.
Secure multipath communication in mobile ad hoc networks

Mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs) are collections of autonomous mobile nodes with links that are made or broken in an arbitrary way. They have no fixed infrastructure and may have constrained resources. The next generation of IT applications is expected to rely heavily on such networks. However, before they can be successfully deployed several security threats must be addressed. These are mainly due to the ad hoc nature of these networks. Consequently it may be much harder (or even impossible) to establish routing communication paths that can tolerate malicious faults. We first propose a general Bayesian model that satisfies the basic mobility requirements of a MANET and define the requirements for secure communication in this model. We then consider several multipath routing schemes and propose a new adaptive multipath routing algorithm that satisfies our security requirements.
Spatial attentional shifts: further evidence for the role of polysensory mechanisms using visual and tactile stimuli.

Normal subjects performed simple reaction time responses to lateralized visual target stimuli (Experiment 1) and lateralized tactile target stimuli (Experiment 2). In each experiment, the lateralized targets were preceded at one offour intervals by a visual or tactile cue located on the same (valid cue), or opposite (invalid cue) side, or on both sides (neutral cue). The validity of the visual and tactile cues influenced the speed of response to either target stimulus. These findings, together with those previously reported (BIJCHTEL and BUTTER, Neuropsycholoyia 26, 499-509, 1988), are consistent with the view that intra- and inter-modal spatial cueing is effective with modalities that are linked to orienting systems in which movements of the sensory array serve to improve sensory analysis.
Collective Dynamics in a Binary Mixture of Hydrodynamically Coupled Microrotors

We study, numerically, the collective dynamics of self-rotating nonaligning particles by considering a monolayer of spheres driven by constant clockwise or counterclockwise torques. We show that hydrodynamic interactions alter the emergence of large-scale dynamical patterns compared to those observed in dry systems. In dilute suspensions, the flow stirred by the rotors induces clustering of opposite-spin rotors, while at higher densities same-spin rotors phase separate. Above a critical rotor density, dynamic hexagonal crystals form. Our findings underscore the importance of inclusion of the many-body, long-range hydrodynamic interactions in predicting the phase behavior of active particles.
The Automation Design Advisor Tool (ADAT): Supporting Flight Deck Design in NextGen:

This paper describes the development and implementation of the Automation Design Advisor Tool (ADAT). ADAT is being developed with NASA support to assist aviation designers throughout all phases of design in creating systems that ensure effective and efficient human-automation interaction on the modern flight deck. The tool can be applied to both new “blank slate” designs, and to improved versions of existing technologies. In particular, the current version of the tool evaluates proposed Flight Management System (FMS) designs in terms of their ability to support pilots in instructing and monitoring the automated system. ADAT identifies potential design deficiencies, provides specific (re)design recommendations, and offers access to summaries of empirical research on the underlying reasons for and the effectiveness of solutions to breakdowns in pilot-automation coordination.
Detection of prosecretory mitogen lacritin in nonprimate tears primarily as a C-terminal-like fragment.

PURPOSE. Lacritin is a human tear glycoprotein that promotes basal tear protein secretion in cultured rat lacrimal acinar cells and proliferation of subconfluent human corneal epithelial cells. When topically added to rabbit eyes, lacritin promotes basal tearing. Despite these activities on several species, lacritin’s presence in nonprimate tears or other tissues has not been explored. Here we probed for lacritin in normal horse tears. METHODS. Sequences were collected from the Ensembl genomic alignment of human LACRT gene with high-quality draft horse genome (EquCab2.0) and analyzed. Normal horse tears were collected and assayed by Western blotting, ELISA, and mass spectrometry. Newly generated rabbit antibodies, respectively, against N- and C-terminal regions of human lacritin were employed. RESULTS. Identity was 75% and 45%, respectively, at nucleotide and protein levels. Structural features were conserved, including a C-terminal amphipathic a-helix. Anti-C-terminal antibodies strongly detected a ~13 kDa band in horse tears that was validated by mass spectrometry. In human tears, the same antibody detected uncleaved lacritin (~24 kDa) strongly and Cterminal fragments of ~13 and ~11 kDa weakly. Anti-N-terminal antibodies were slightly reactive with a ~24 kDa horse antigen and showed no reaction with the anti-C-terminal‐reactive ~13 kDa species. Similar respective levels of horse C-terminal versus N-terminal immunoreactivity were apparent by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS. Lacritin is present in horse tears, largely as a Cterminal fragment homologous to the mitogenic and bactericidal region in human lacritin, suggesting potential benefit in corneal wound repair. (Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci. 2012; 53:6130‐6136) DOI:10.1167/iovs.11-8567
The effect of a carbon dioxide pneumoperitoneum on rabbit follicular oocytes and early embryonic development.

The effect of a carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) pneumoperitoneum and its duration on rabbit follicular oocytes was assessed by evaluating fertilization and subsequent embryonic development rates. CO 2 may cross the plasma membrane and form carbonic acid, which liberates H + , thus lowering the intracellular pH. There were no significant differences in arterial pH and [HCO 3 − ] between CO 2 and air treatment groups, whereas arterial pCO 2 and pO 2 were significantly increased in the CO 2 treatment group. We found that the duration of pneumoperitoneum, irrespective of type of gas used, was negatively correlated with success of embryonic development. These findings necessitate that more attention be given to the gas used for creation of a pneumoperitoneum during egg retrieval for in vitro fertilization and an attempt be made to minimize duration of the pneumoperitoneum.
Molecular Phylogeny for Colias Butterflies and Their Relatives (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)

The sulfur butterflies, Colias spp., and their relatives in the family Pieridae have been the subjects of diverse behavioral, ecological, and evolutionary studies. However, their phylogeny is uncertain in many respects. We used DNA sequences from 2 mitochondrial gene blocks, 333 bp of the cytochrome oxidase I subunit (CO I) and 1,261 bp from the 2 ribosomal genes and the tRNA between them (rDNA), as character sources to test existing phylogenetic hypotheses and begin to infer others. The rDNA block resolves better at deeper nodes of the phylogeny, and the CO I block at shallower nodes. Our results support sister status for subfamilies Coliadinae and Pierinae within Pieridae; independent tribal status for Euchloini and Pierini within Pierinae; status as sister genera for Colias and Zerene within Coliadinae; and monophyly within subgenus C. (Eucolias) of all North American Colias studied. Our results suggest that the Neotropical coliad genus Eurema may warrant splitting, as some early workers proposed, but do not support the recently proposed splitting of Eurasian C. erate from subgenus C. (Eriocolias) into the separate subgenus C. (Neocolias) . (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)
Magnetic-field-induced supercurrents in /sup 3/He-A and /sup 3/He-A/sub 1/

This paper discusses how a spatially inhomogeneous magnetic field can induce super spin currents in /sup 3/He-A and super number currents in /sup 3/He-A/sub 1/. These are analogous to previously discussed currents induced in /sup 3/He-A by an inhomogeneous scalar potential, which are related to the existence of an intrinsic angular momentum. The sign of the A/sub 1/ current depends upon which spin population is superfluid.
IMPERIAL OPENINGS: CIVILIZATION, EXEMPTION, AND THE GEOPOLITICS OF MOBILITY IN THE HISTORY OF CHINESE EXCLUSION, 1868–1910

By most measures, Daniel Augustus Tompkins was a highly unlikely opponent of totalized Chinese exclusion. The owner of three cotton mills and a New South booster editor, Tompkins presided over a racially segregated labor force and had much to say about the necessity of white supremacy for the progress of the South, the nation, and the world. So why, on March 14, 1906, did he testify before the U.S. House of Representatives' Committee on Foreign Affairs, expressing his opposition to immigration officials' overzealous enforcement of legal barriers against Chinese immigration? Existing approaches to the racial politics of migration to the United States, which have emphasized the interchangeability of anti-black and anti-Chinese racisms in the nineteenth century, make it difficult to account for Tompkins' actions: they would lead us to expect that he would defend both complete Chinese exclusion and black subordination on similar racial grounds. This essay presents a new framework for conceptualizing migration, empire, and the politics of social differentiation that, among other things, will make sense of this seemingly unlikely intervention by a New South industrialist and racial ideologue in U.S. immigration politics. This framework brings together two traditionally separated fields of inquiry: migration history and imperial history. By revisiting Chinese exclusion (and its seemingly odd critics) through an imperial lens, it hopes to demonstrate the value—indeed, the necessity—of connecting these two approaches in the larger effort to entangle U.S. and global histories.
Holes, Electrons, Polarons, and Bipolarons and the Thermodynamics of Electrically Active Dopants in Conducting Polymers

This paper describes how measurements of the reversible (equilibrium) distribution of an electrically active dopant, between an external phase and a conducting polymer, can be used to investigate both electronic species and electron energy level structures in such polymers. Examples are presented, involving conventional inorganic semiconductors, and it is shown how complications anticipated with conducting polymers have occurred and been overcome in these systems. Following this, experiments on both absorption isotherms and conductivity for vapor phase iodine in both polythiophene and azite are described and analyzed for the determination of relevant species. The formations of triiodide and pentaiodide ions are indicated, and bipolarons appear to form in polythiophene.
Secular Trends in the Physical Fitness of United States Army Infantry Units and Infantry Soldiers, 1976-2015.

Introduction The purpose of this investigation was to examine changes over time in the physical fitness of the United States (US) Army infantry. A systematic review was conducted to identify and analyze articles and databases that reported on physical characteristics (height, weight, and body mass index) and/or Army Physical Fitness Test (APFT) scores of male infantrymen or men in infantry units. Materials and methods The National Library of Medicine's PubMed and the Defense Technical Information Center were searched using specific keywords. Reference lists of obtained articles, specific author searches, contact with authors, and secondary analysis of available databases enhanced the search. Studies and databases were selected if they involved infantry soldiers or soldiers in infantry units and provided a quantitative assessment of at least one physical characteristic or APFT measure. Average values for each measure were obtained, plotted by the year of data collection, and fitted to linear regression models. Results Thirty-one articles and five available databases met the review criteria encompassing years 1976-2015. Regression analysis suggested a small temporal increase in height for infantry soldiers (2%) and soldiers in infantry units (1%). Body weight and body mass index increased over the period (9-15%) in both groups. APFT performance of infantry soldiers was generally higher than that of infantry units. There was little change in APFT performance over the period for infantry soldiers. For soldiers in infantry units, push-up performance changed little over time, whereas sit-up performance increased (8%) and two-mile run performance decreased (8%). Conclusion Over the surveyed period, body weight and body mass index increased in US Army infantry soldiers and soldier in infantry units. Infantry soldier performance on the APFT appears to have been maintained over the period. For soldiers in infantry units, there has been a small improvement in sit-up performance, but lower two-mile run performance.
Investigation of setting time and compressive strength of ready-mixed concrete blended with returned fresh concrete

Abstract Returned fresh mix concrete (RFC) is a problem with both economic and environmental impacts. Therefore, investigators have recommended various ways to decrease the amount of RFC in manufacturing facilities. Among the most common procedures are dumping concrete in landfill, recycling it, using the aggregate, and using it to produce concrete blocks. In this study, the authors investigated the behavior of various proportions of RFC mixed with ready-mix plain and retarded concrete. The authors also studied the influence of aging by producing specimens after one, two, three, and four hours. In addition, the researchers investigated controlled and uncontrolled environments by mixing the samples both indoors and outdoors. Workability, setting time, and compressive strength of cylindrical mixed specimens was then evaluated. The results presented acceptable setting times and compressive strengths for most specimens, which means mixing RFC with ready-mix concrete is a suitable alternative for recycling RFC. It is also possible to mix higher proportion of RFC with plain concrete in comparison to retarded concrete, though it is difficult to estimate the optimum combination of RFC and plain concrete.
Interactions among Estrogen, Prolactin and Luteinizing Hormone at the Level of Adenylyl Cyclase in the Corpus Luteum: Findings and Physiological Correlates

LH-stimulable adenylyl cyclase activity has been observed to fluctuate in rat and rabbit corpora lutea (CL) of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy (1, 2) in a manner that parallels progesterone output by these tissues (3, 4). However, the physiological significance of some of these fluctuations remains elusive, since LH is not the primary luteotropin throughout all stages of pregnancy or pseudopregnancy in rats or rabbits (5–9). LH has been shown to affect luteal steroidogenesis acutely (10, 11). It is thought to do so by interacting with a membrane bound receptor which when coupled to the adenylyl cyclase system results in elevation of intracellular cAMP and increased progesterone output (12). Other hormones such as estrogen and prolactin also modify progesterone output by the corpus luteum but apparently do so by some means other than changing intracellular levels of cAMP.
Use of a Genetic Approach to Study Cyclic AMP Metabolism

In this review, I present a brief overview of a genetic approach for studying cyclic AMP metabolism and the application of this approach with murine S49 lymphoma cells. S49 clones having alterations in the pathway of cyclic AMP generation and function have proved useful in characterizing components involved in hormonal stimulation of adenylate cyclase, in activation of cAMP-dependent protein kinase, and in studying more distal cellular events mediated by cyclic AMP. The use of genetic methods in S49 and other cultured cell systems offers an important complementary approach to biochemical and pharmacological methods for studying the cyclic AMP pathway.
Occupational Disorders and the Management of Chronic Pain

Chronic pain affects a small proportion of patients with an occupational injury but can result in astronomical costs for future medical care, indemnity, and social service utilization. To provide adequate treatment, medical practitioners must make a conceptual shift from the disease-intervention model to visualizing chronic pain as a multifactorial syndrome with alterable components. Focusing on deconditioning and disability provides a means to subjective and objective improvement for these patients and gives a better measure of therapeutic success.
Ultrasonic Visualization of the Abdominal Aorta

The value of ultrasound in the evaluation and diagnosis of abdominal aortic pathology has been recognized for several years. Early applications of the pulse-echo technique showed that the abdominal aorta could easily be demonstrated by ultrasound,1–4 and contact, compound B-mode scanning has since become an established method of evaluating abdominal aortic pathology.5, 13 Because it is a safe, reliable, accurate, and painless technique, new applications for diagnostic ultrasound are continually being sought. Our current study demonstrates the feasibility of ultrasonic realtime imaging of the abdominal aorta.