cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fractional Laplace Transforms

The Laplace transform and its inverse constitute a powerful technique for solving linear differential equations. This approach to solving such equations, when combined with complex analysis, provides one of the most formidable tools in the analyst’s tool kit. In the next few lectures we review how this approach can be applied to fractional differential equations with constant coefficients having rational and irrational exponents. In this way we find that the solutions to such equations can be written as series of generalized exponentials and in so doing make contact with our earlier lectures.
Using Instant Chat for Fun and for Profit to Run a Large Class (Abstract Only)

This lightning talk describes the idea of "chat ops" applied to the classroom. Chat Ops is a (growing) industry practice which uses instant messaging (such as IRC, or Slack) to automate common development or monitoring tasks, such as maintaining and deploying a website. Instead of deploying a site, we use the process of ChatOps to help run large classes, and even individual class sections by automating tasks that are tedious or error prone. We've extended a bot framework, Hubot, with the tools that we need. We can automate releasing student scores, updating student's access to assignments, or handling in-class check offs with just a line of plain text. Chat messages also have the benefit that they are loggable and show everyone on the staff what's going on and why. We'd like to show why augmenting traditional email systems with chat messages can help improve communication and save time, but can also be an enjoyable way to build a community.
CoDAC: compressive depth acquisition using a single time-resolved sensor

CoDAC is a method for compressive acquisition of scene depth with high spatial and range resolution using a single, omnidirectional, time-resolved photodetector and no scanning components [Kirmani et al.]. Light detection and ranging (LIDAR) systems use time of flight (TOF) in combination with raster scanning of the scene to form depth maps, and TOF cameras instead make TOF measurements in parallel by using an array of sensors. Moreover, existing depth sensing technologies do not use the high compressibility of scene depth to reduce acquisition costs. Here, we present a framework for compressive depth map acquisition using neither raster scanning by the illumination source nor an array of sensors.
The Trans Pacific Partnership: Global Nutrition at Risk

Because of rapid and transformative changes in urbanization, globalization, and democratization, there have been and will continue to be dramatic changes in nearly all aspects of civil society. A global nutritional transition is part of this and to a large extent is driving a dramatic advance in trade policy. Trade agreements are now carried out by regional trade agreements (RTA) and not the World Trade Organization which offered significant protection for national policies, particularly important for developing economies. RTAs do not offer this. The Trans Pacific Partnership Agreement (TPPA) poses genuine threats to health, particularly chronic diseases and more specifically those related to food, diet, and nutrition, i.e. heart disease and diabetes. An important aspect of the TPPA is that it gives multinational corporations control of functions that are normally assumed to be part of a nation’s prerogatives. We see the TPPA as sending a message to the public health establishment to enter the trade policy debates with energy and vigor.
Parkinson's disease: Guilt by genetic association

Certain sequence variants of the α-synuclein gene are linked to the risk of Parkinson's disease. An analysis of these variants using gene-editing technology provides a possible explanation for this increased risk. See Letter p.95 Determining how genetic risk variants associated with complex diseases actually contribute to the pathological features of the disease remains a challenge. Non-coding sequences variants have been proposed to act in cis to modulate the expression of disease-linked genes, but it is difficult to test this hypothesis because of the complexity of the diseases linked to these variants. Rudolf Jaenisch and colleagues have developed a genetically controlled system to dissect out the cis-acting effect of allelic variants on the expression of the α-synuclein gene SCNA, which has been linked to Parkinson's disease development.
Molecular Marker Detection of Rice Blast Resistance Gene Pi-tain Heilongjiang Rice Germplasm Resources

In order to confirm the distribution of rice blast resistance gene Pi-tain Heilongjiang rice germplasm resources.Molecular marker detection of rice blast resistance gene Pi-ta was operated for 72 rice local cultivars commercially grown and germplasm in Heilongjiang province.The results showed that 19 rice local cultivars were identified to contain Pi-ta gene,including Hejiang 21,Longjing 4,Longjing 10,Longdun D904,Longhua 00-485,Jiahezaozhan,Longjing 29,Longjing 31,Longdun 105,Longjing 39,Ken 99639,Songjing 5,Longdun 306,Dongnong 428,Dongnong 430,Luweidao,Lianyu 7-91,Longxiangdao 2,Suixiang 08-5080.
Labor relations among professional groups.

Collective bargaining for many professionals is a fact of life and must be considered in all of its ramifications.
SU-F-T-303: Quantification of MLC Positioning Accuracy in VMAT Delivery of Head and Neck Cancer Treatment

Purpose: Knowing MLC leaf positioning error over the course of treatment would be valuable for treatment planning, QA design, and patient safety. The objective of the current study was to quantify the MLC positioning accuracy for VMAT delivery of head and neck treatment plans. Methods: A total of 837 MLC log files were collected from 14 head and neck cancer patients undergoing full arc VMAT treatment on one Varian Trilogy machine. The actual and planned leaf gaps were extracted from the retrieved MLC log files. For a given patient, the leaf gap error percentage (LGEP), defined as the ratio of the actual leaf gap over the planned, was evaluated for each leaf pair at all the gantry angles recorded over the course of the treatment. Statistics describing the distribution of the largest LGEP (LLGEP) of the 60 leaf pairs including the maximum, minimum, mean, Kurtosis, and skewness were evaluated. Results: For the 14 studied patients, their PTV located at tonsil, base of tongue, larynx, supraglottis, nasal cavity, and thyroid gland with volume ranging from 72.0 cm3 to 602.0 cm3. The identified LLGEP differed between patients. It ranged from 183.9% to 457.7% with a mean of 368.6%. For the majority of the patients, the LLGEP distributions peaked at non-zero positions and showed no obvious dependence on gantry rotations. Kurtosis and skewness, with minimum/maximum of 66.6/217.9 and 6.5/12.6, respectively, suggested relatively more peaked while right-skewed leaf error distribution pattern. Conclusion: The results indicate pattern of MLC leaf gap error differs between patients of lesion located at similar anatomic site. Understanding the systemic mechanisms underlying these observed error patterns necessitates examining more patient-specific plan parameters in a large patient cohort setting.
Partnership behavior in disaster relief operations: a case study comparison of the responses to the tornado in Joplin, Missouri and Hurricane Sandy along the Jersey Coast

Information about how agencies behaved in previous disasters could allow us to predict agency behavior and network structure in response to future events. In this paper, we review studies of two different disasters that occurred in the USA to provide insight into some of the common characteristics of disaster relief efforts. Specifically, the studies discussed explore how agencies involved in disaster relief operations formed and maintained partnerships by comparing survey results from Joplin, Missouri (EF-5 Tornado in 2011) and the New Jersey Coast (Hurricane Sandy in 2012). The objective of this paper is to analyze partnership creation, length, and conclusion in networks of agencies responding to disasters. 80 agencies were interviewed and over 500 partnerships were analyzed. The analysis of the data provides a building block to guide the development of inputs for future models of agency behavior and interaction. One key result was that the survey data indicated only a third of the strategic and tactical partnerships that were leveraged to support the relief effort were formalized prior to the disaster event. Additionally, it was found that partnerships between Non-Governmental Organizations were the most stable relationship. This paper provides insight into how agencies involved in disaster relief could manage their partnerships to achieve their goals.
Molluscan models: Crepidula fornicata

Gastropod snails in the genus Crepidula have emerged as model systems for studying a metazoan super clade, the Spiralia. Recent work on one species in particular, Crepidula fornicata, has produced high-resolution cell lineage fate maps, details of morphogenetic events during gastrulation, key insights into the molecular underpinnings of early development, and the first demonstration of CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in the Spiralia. Furthermore, invasive species of Crepidula are a significant ecological threat, while one of these, C. fornicata, is also being harvested for food. This review highlights progress towards developing these animals as models for evolutionary, developmental, and ecological studies. Such studies have contributed greatly to our understanding of biology in a major clade of bilaterians. This information may also help us to control and cultivate these snails.
Dehydrative glycosylation with cyclic phosphonium anhydrides

Cyclic phosphonium anhydrides generated from bis-phosphine oxides and trifluoromethanesulfonic anhydride are shown as general coupling reagents in a dehydrative glycosylation reaction of C1-hemiacetals. This reaction protocol is characterized by a broad substrate scope and high yields, including reactions of O-, C-, N-, and S-based nucleophiles with furanose, pyranose, and deoxysugar donors.
Measuring bioimpedance in the human uterine cervix: towards early detection of preterm labor

We have created a bioimpedance probe designed to detect subtle changes in human cervical tissue composition in vivo, and thereby detect the onset of cervical remodeling in a noninvasive manner sooner than existing clinical methods allow. Our cervical bioimpedance measurement device, which can be used during a routine pelvic examination, is composed of a contoured probe with disposable tip and, within the probe's handle, a bioimpedance sensor equipped with an integrated chip capable of generating sinusoidal voltage of varying frequencies. A constant force spring assures consistent measurements through a range of contact forces applied. An activation switch allows the operator to control the application of current. The sensor can be synchronized with a computer data storage and analysis system, which interfaces with the device. With the probe placed in contact with a collagen gels of varying concentration, the relationship between measured bioimpedance and collagen concentration is verified to be positive exponential (R/sup 2/=0.94) and repeatability in saline solution showed that measurements varied by less than /spl plusmn/10% over 20 trials. Finally, a variety of user-applied forces showed that impedance values plateau when forces exceed 1N.
Coming to Terms with Being Gay and Muslim

How do some people come to terms with being gay and Muslim? How do they negotiate their understandings of ‘authentic’ Islam and gay identity? In this chapter, Shah dissects the shared factors that enabled his participants to harmonise their religious and sexual identities. He also probes the assumed connection between Islam and ethnic identity, which was often brought up by his participants unprompted. Through this analysis, this chapter complicates the idea that gay identity is entirely a Western construct or imposition on non-Western cultures.
Psychological Predictors of Health Anxiety in Response to the Zika Virus.

The threat of a United States (U.S.) Zika virus pandemic during 2015–2016 was associated with public anxiety. Such threats represent opportunities to examine hypotheses about health anxiety. The present study investigated psychological predictors of Zika-related anxiety during the 2015–2016 outbreak. U.S. adults (N = 216) completed a battery of measures assessing Zika-related anxiety as well as psychological variables hypothesized to predict anxious responding to the threat of a domestic Zika outbreak. Contrary to hypotheses, regression analyses indicated that only contamination severity overestimates and greater Zika knowledge significantly predicted Zika-related anxiety. Study limitations and clinical implications are discussed.
ACUTE MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION DURING PREGNANCY AND THE PUERPERIUM IN THE UNITED STATES

Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during and immediately after pregnancy is an uncommon but potentially devastating complication of the gravid and the post-partum state. We analyzed trends in the incidence, in-hospital management, and outcomes of AMI complicating pregnancy and the puerperium in the
Genetic variants related to urate and risk of Parkinson's disease.

Abstract Introduction Higher urate concentrations have been associated with a lower risk of developing Parkinson's disease (PD) and with slower rates of clinical decline in PD patients. Whether these associations reflect a neuroprotective effect of urate is unclear. Our objective was to assess whether genetic variants that modify circulating urate levels are also associated with altered PD risk. Methods Participants were from three large ongoing cohort studies: the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), the Health Professionals Follow-up Study (HPFS), and the Cancer Prevention Study II Nutrition Cohort (CPS-IIN). We examined associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in SLC2A9 and other genes involved in urate transport and PD risk using conditional logistic regression among 1451 cases and 3135 matched controls. We assessed associations between SNPs and plasma urate levels in a subset of 1174 control participants with linear regression models. Results We found the expected associations between SNPs in SLC2A9 and plasma urate levels among men and women; however, SNPs in other genes tended not to be associated with urate. Each SNP in SLC2A9 explained less than 7% of the variance in plasma urate. We did not find significant associations between the SNPs in SLC2A9 and PD risk among men or women. Conclusion Our results do not support an association between genetic variants associated with circulating urate levels and risk of PD, but larger investigations are needed to determine whether the modest genetic effects on blood urate contribute to predict PD risk.
Nox4, Poldip2 and vascular function

NADPH oxidases (Nox) are expressed in all layers of the vessel wall and are integral to vascular physiology. Of particular interest is Nox4, which regulates vascular smooth muscle differentiation and vessel relaxation, but also has pathophysiological roles. Our laboratory has shown that polymerase delta interacting protein 2 (Poldip2) can increase the activity of Nox4. The Nox4/Poldip2 axis plays a role in cell proliferation and migration via its ability to regulate focal adhesion turnover and actin oxidation. However, Poldip2 has multiple binding partners and many additional effects on vascular pathology and physiology. Heterozygous Poldip2 mice have stiffer arteries, a reduced capacity to generate arterial force and increased collagen deposition. In addition, Poldip2 heterozygous mice have a reduced inflammatory response after ischemia in the hindlimb or following transient middle cerebral artery occlusion, which results in defective collateral formation in the hindlimb, but protection from aneurysm formation and reduced edema following stroke. The inhibition of edema results from a lack of disruption of the endothelial barrier and confers some neuroprotection. Overall, Poldip2, in part via Nox4 activity, plays a critical role in vascular physiology and pathology.
A Hairy Tale of Monocytes and Contact Hypersensitivity Reactions.

Hair follicles have recently emerged as immunologically active organs that orchestrate recruitment and trafficking of immune cells within skin. Liu et al. (2018) expand our knowledge in this growing area of research by characterizing the network of immune cell interactions during experimental contact hypersensitivity that, interestingly, is centered around hair follicles.
Open Damage Control Vascular Surgery

Damage control vascular surgery incorporates strategies to achieve rapid control of hemorrhage while mitigating ischemia by establishing adequate end-organ perfusion in an abbreviated initial intervention. Vascular damage control surgery functions in concert with damage control resuscitation focused on the correction of physiologic derangements and metabolic acidosis, the correction of coagulopathy, appropriate blood product transfusion, and active patient warming measures to ameliorate hypothermia. Ultimately, the patient’s physiology dictates the technical feasibility of vascular intervention and determines operative planning with respect to injury management. Surgeon experience and technical familiarity with vascular injury and location of the vascular injury are significant factors that alter patient outcomes.
Nature of Science in Science Education: Toward a Coherent Framework for Synergistic Research and Development

Making headway with the crucial domain of teaching and learning about nature of science (NOS) in precollege science education necessitates synergistic, long-term research and development efforts. While these efforts should be pluralistic rather than single-minded, they nonetheless need to draw on a coherent broad framework. Such a framework has been, and continues to be, wanting because of a lack of clarity about the nature of the construct of NOS. In particular, discourse, research, and development related to NOS have been guided by two broad, mostly confounded, perspectives which I label here as the “lived” and “reflective” perspectives on NOS. The result has been bifurcated research and development efforts that, at best, lack synergy and, at worst, seriously hamper progress within the field. This chapter explicates the assumptions underlying the two perspectives, and examines their implications for research and development efforts related to teaching and learning about, as well as assessing conceptions of, NOS. In so doing, the chapter takes a significant step toward outlining a framework that could foster synergy within the field and help advance both research and development efforts related to NOS in science education.
Comparison of Nanoscale Calcium Oxide versus Commercial Calcium Oxide with Respect to Decomposition of Carbon Tetrachloride

The increasing amount of chlorocarbons in our environment causes a need to find an easy, effective and inexpensive way for their destruction. Calcium oxide seems to be a good choice as the adsorbing and decomposing agent. Three different types of calcium oxide were studied to determine the amount of carbon tetrachloride that could be decomposed: commercial calcium oxide, conventionally prepared calcium oxide, and autoclave prepared calcium oxide. The amount of decomposed chlorocarbon was established using gas chromatography and the products were studied by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The dependence of the surface area on the decomposition was determined. We found that the best type of calcium oxide was autoclave prepared because it decomposed the most and the decomposition started at the lowest temperature, 350°C. Some fundamental studies connected with the comparison of conventionally and autoclave prepared calcium oxides are also discussed.
Opportunities for educational innovations in authentic project-based learning: understanding instructor perceived challenges to design for adoption

Authentic project-based learning (APBL) is a highly effective way for instructors to help students learn disciplinary skills, modes of thinking, and collaborative practices by creating solutions to real-world problems for real users and clients. While educational technology innovations can bolster APBL by making a promising but challenging pedagogy more effective, as with many areas of education instructor adoption is slow. Diffusion of innovations theory predicts that instructors will adopt and maintain their use of innovations if innovations are perceived to, and then do, address their challenges. To guide design of future APBL technologies, we interviewed 47 university APBL instructors about their most significant challenges and inductively analyzed the resulting interview transcripts. APBL instructors reported interrelated challenges of: (a) scoping, sourcing challenges and balancing the needs of the program, students, and clients; (b) curriculum preparation, making the curriculum flexible enough for shifting project problems and codify standards to help students understand how to do quality work; (c) providing assistance to teams, including monitoring, and delivering assistance; and (d) coordinating a range of stakeholders involved in assisting teams, including co-instructors, clients, and students. To support instructor adoption in APBL, educational technology innovators might communicate existing technology, or create technological innovations, that provide: (a) scoping tools for sourcing projects, and forming teams; (b) authoring tools for sharing and remixing of curricular materials; (c) project management tools for team management and monitoring; and (d) coordination software to manage all APBL stakeholders.
We Should Not Get Rid of Incivility Online

Incivility and toxicity have become concepts du jour in research about social media. The clear normative implication in much of this research is that incivility is bad and should be eliminated. Ext...
Lens Connexin Channels Have Differential Permeability to the Second Messenger cAMP.

Purpose Gap junction channels exhibit connexin specific biophysical properties, including the selective intercellular passage of larger solutes, such as second messengers. Here, we have examined the cyclic nucleotide permeability of the lens connexins, which could influence events like epithelial cell division and differentiation. Methods We compared the cAMP permeability through channels composed of Cx43, Cx46, or Cx50 using simultaneous measurements of junctional conductance and intercellular transfer. For cAMP detection, the recipient cells were transfected with a cAMP sensor gene, the cyclic nucleotide-modulated channel from sea urchin sperm (SpIH). cAMP was introduced via patch pipette into the cell of the pair that did not express SpIH. SpIH-derived currents were recorded from the other cell of a pair that expressed SpIH. cAMP permeability was also directly visualized in transfected cells using a chemically modified fluorescent form of the molecule. Results cAMP transfer was observed for homotypic Cx43 channels over a wide range of junctional conductance. Homotypic Cx46 channels also transferred cAMP, but permeability was reduced compared with Cx43. In contrast, homotypic Cx50 channels exhibited extremely low permeability to cAMP, when compared with either Cx43, or Cx46. Conclusions These data show that channels made from Cx43 and Cx46 result in the intercellular delivery of cAMP in sufficient quantity to activate cyclic nucleotide-modulated channels. The data also suggest that the greatly reduced cAMP permeability of Cx50 channels could play a role in the regulation of cell division in the lens.
Mine operations as a smart grid resource: Leveraging excess process storage capacity to better enable renewable energy sources

Abstract The evolution of the electrical grid requires flexibility in electricity consumption. Given the tremendous amount of electricity consumed by mineral processing, these facilities could become a grid asset if they can leverage sources of flexibility. Shifting facility electricity consumption to limit demand and be predictable is valuable for grid management and stability. Enhanced stability from demand side management allows for the increased penetration of de-stabilizing intermittent renewable energy onto the grid. Two case studies of untapped mining facility flexibility are examined. While facilities generally try to maximize ore throughput, de-watering represents one source of flexibility due to the holdup capacity of the water table itself and storage tanks to which the water is pumped. A second source of flexibility is intermediate product transportation with storage capabilities at each end. By developing predictive automation algorithms, these holdup capacities can be effectively leveraged. This makes the facility able to respond to grid signals, which can save on demand charges, while also becoming an asset to the grid. This work uses real, facility-level power data and presents a novel automation algorithm for both predicting facility peak demand and proactively automating the de-watering and intermediate product transportation for peak shaving. De-watering costs are cut by 10% ($570,000) and slurry pumping costs are cut by 36% ($180,000) annually.
Coprescription of Opioids With Other Medications and Risk of Opioid Overdose

Polypharmacy is common among patients taking prescription opioids long-term, and the codispensing of interacting medications may further increase opioid overdose risk. To identify nonopioid medications that may increase opioid overdose risk in this population, we conducted a case-crossover-based screening of electronic claims data from IBM MarketScan and Optum Clinformatics Data Mart spanning 2003 through 2019. Eligible patients were 18 years of age or older and had at least 180 days of continuous enrollment and 90 days of prescription opioid use immediately before an opioid overdose resulting in an emergency room visit or hospitalization. The main analysis quantified the odds ratio (OR) between opioid overdose and each nonopioid medication dispensed in the 90 days immediately before the opioid overdose date after adjustment for prescription opioid dosage and benzodiazepine codispensing. Additional analyses restricted to patients without cancer diagnoses and individuals who used only oxycodone for 90 days immediately before the opioid overdose date. The false discovery rate (FDR) was used to account for multiple testing. We identified 24,866 individuals who experienced opioid overdose. Baclofen (OR 1.56; FDR < 0.01; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.29 to 1.89), lorazepam (OR 1.53; FDR < 0.01; 95% CI, 1.25 to 1.88), and gabapentin (OR 1.16; FDR = 0.09; 95% CI, 1.04 to 1.28), among other nonopioid medications, were associated with opioid overdose. Similar patterns were observed in noncancer patients and individuals who used only oxycodone. Interventions may focus on prescribing safer alternatives when a potential for interaction exists.
Spontaneous recovery can be prevented in appetitive conditioning with rats

Abstract Two Pavlovian appetitive conditioning experiments with rats demonstrated that spontaneous recovery can be strongly reduced (prevented). The experiments also investigated potential common factors associated with that prevention of spontaneous recovery after extinction. After pairings of a conditioned stimulus (CS) with a food unconditioned stimulus (US), an extinction cue (EC) was presented during extinction and spontaneous recovery testing with the CS. Replicating Brooks and Bowker (2001), EC–US pairings in the CS extinction–test interval subsequently resulted in the EC strongly reducing (preventing) spontaneous recovery to the CS (Experiment 1). Experiment 1 also assessed an “erasure” hypothesis of how the EC may reduce spontaneous recovery. Experiment 2 assessed EC– or US–alone presentations, or unpairings of EC and US, in the CS extinction–test interval. Spontaneous recovery was also prevented when the EC was presented alone or unpaired with the US, but USs alone interfered with the EC’s spontaneous recovery–preventing effect. No evidence was found for the EC operating by erasure, conditioned inhibition, generalized extinction, or generalized extinction. Together the results suggest that after CS extinction additional EC presentations are sufficient to prevent spontaneous recovery.
Development and Application of Container-Type Low-Frequency Heating Device for Ultra-High Voltage Transformers

With the increase of voltage level and capacity, the on-site heating and drying process of damp transformer would face with new challenges. Among various heating methods currently adopted, the low-frequency heating method has attracted lots of attention owing to its simple structure and high heating efficiency, without insulation damage to the transformer. However, the device is lack of systematic design. Given that, this paper systematically introduces the design principle and scheme of the low-frequency heating source unit for ultra-high-voltage transformers. A container-type, on-site low-frequency heating power apparatus for ultra-High voltage transformer is developed. It can quickly switch between single-phase system and three-phase system, with the maximum heating power reaching 1600 kW and the frequency being continuously adjustable from 0.1 to 5 Hz. The on-site experiment results showed that the design parameters met the requirements, the insulation level of treated transformer recovered well, which provides a reference of on-site drying process for ultra-high-voltage transformers.
Simultaneous Ischemic stroke and Intracerebral Hemorrhage due to Amyloid Angiopathy presenting as a Therapeutic Challenge (P5.3-037)

Objective: To report a case of simultaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) and ischemic stroke. Background: Both risks of ischemic stroke and ICH increase with age, with the prevalence of risk factors of atrial fibrillation and cerebral amyloid angiopathy that increase with age. Concurrent ischemic stroke and ICH are rare but present management challenges. Design/Methods: Case report and literature review. Results: 65 year old male with history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes mellitus presented with left sided weakness, facial droop, and dysarthria. Head CT showed a 1.5 cm acute left parietal lobe hemorrhage and arterial imaging demonstrated a sub-occlusive thrombus in the right inferior M2 division of the middle cerebral artery. The presence of ICH precluded the use of thrombolytics. MRI demonstrated acute cerebral ischemia in the right basal ganglia and corona radiate, acute hemorrhage in the left parietal region, and multiple cortical lobar microhemorrhages suggestive of probable cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Conclusions: Concurrent acute ischemic stroke and contralateral acute intracerebral hemorrhage present management challenges. Compensatory hypertension from ischemic stroke might have contributed to the acute hemorrhage. Disclosure: Dr. Amin has nothing to disclose. Dr. Jillella has nothing to disclose. Dr. Uchino has nothing to disclose.
“Type C appendicular duplication with patent vitello-intestinal duct—an unforeseen association”—a case report

Gastrointestinal duplications are uncommon occurring in 1 in 5000 live births. Small intestine is commonly involved, while appendicular duplications are extremely rare. Vitelline duct anomalies arise due to failure of involution of the omphalomesenteric duct. Their spectrum ranges from a simple umbilical sinus to completely patent omphalomesenteric fistulae. We report here a rare association of complete appendico-cecal duplication with patent vitello-intestinal duct (PVID). A 14-year-old girl who presented with complaints of scant, foul smelling, and feculent discharge from umbilicus intermittently since birth was evaluated and diagnosed to have a patent vitello-intestinal duct. At laparotomy, a patent vitello-intestinal tract opening unusually at the ileo-cecal junction was noted. In addition, an appendico-cecal duplication cyst bearing an appendix on the mesenteric side and a 4-cm long orthotopic appendix on the native cecum was found with the duplex cecum sharing a common wall and blood supply. The terminal ileum with the duplication and patent vitello-intestinal duct were excised in toto, and an end-to-end ileo-ascending anastomosis was done. The child is well at 1 year follow-up. A complete appendico-cecal (Type C) duplication with ectopically inserted patent vitello-intestinal duct is reported here as an unusual association, discussing its management and the probable disarray in the embryological development.
Additional Evidence Based on the Internal Structure of the Instrument

In many ways, Chap. 5 is an extension of the methods and techniques used to gather evidence based on the internal structure of the instrument and continues to describe the latent variable approach to instrument development. In this chapter, we introduce two common instrument development situations where discrete mathematical structures are encountered: latent class analysis (LCA) and item response theory (IRT). In LCA, both the latent variable and the indicator variable are best represented by a categorical structure. In IRT, the latent trait is continuous, but the items are the items are categorical. IRT has historically been used in educational achievement applications, however, it is gaining popularity in some affective characteristic measurement scenarios. The last section of the chapter is devoted to the topic of measurement invariance and the analytic techniques that allow instrument developers to explore whether the scale functions in the same manner (exhibits the same internal structure) across subgroups. If the items that reflect their latent constructs and the connections between the constructs operate in a fundamentally different way depending on group membership, cross group comparisons become difficult, if not impossible. This chapter discusses the most common statistical techniques (along with examples) for establishing invariance for both scenarios where the indicators are either continuous or categorical.
Reasoning about belief and knowledge with self-reference and time

In two previous papers (Asher & Kamp 1986,1987), Hans Kamp and I developed a framework for investigating the logic of attitudes whose objects involved an unlimited capacity for self-reference. The framework was the daughter of two well-known parents-- possible worlds semantics and the revisionist, semi-inductive theory of truth developed by Herzberger (1982) and Gupta (1982). Nevertheless, the offspring from our point of view was not an entirely happy one. We had argued that orthodox possible worlds semantics was an unacceptable solution to the problem of the semantics of the attitudes. Yet the connection between our use of possible worlds semantics and the sort of representational theories of the attitudes that we favor remained unclear. This paper attempts to provide a better connection between the framework developed in the previous papers and representational theories of attitudes by developing a notion of reasoning about knowledge and belief that a careful examination of the model theory suggests. This notion of reasoning has a temporal or dynamic aspect that I exploit by introducing temporal as well as attitudinal predicates.
Can we teach the cerebellum new tricks

What part does the cerebellum play when people learn to produce a new sequence of movements? In their Perspective, Hazeltine and Ivry discuss new work ( Seidler et al.) suggesting that the cerebellum may not contribute to learning but rather is limited to the performance of the sequence.
Otto Aufranc Award: Large Heads Do Not Increase Damage at the Head-neck Taper of Metal-on-polyethylene Total Hip Arthroplasties

Background Fretting and corrosion at head-neck junctions of total hip arthroplasties (THAs) have been associated with adverse local tissue reactions in patients with both metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) and metal-on-metal (MoM) prostheses. Femoral head size contributes to the severity of fretting and corrosion in large-diameter MoM THAs, but its impact on such damage in MoP THAs remains unknown.
Sustained Volume Expansion and [Na,K]ATPase Inhibition in Chronic Renal Failure

Hypotheses regarding the pathogenesis of volume-dependent hypertension have invoked an endogenous sodium pump inhibitor or digitalis-like factor (DLF) to link altered sodium homeostasis to the rise in blood pressure. Our goal was to develop a clinical protocol that achieved predictable, sustained volume expansion, with the premise that renal failure patients on peritoneal dialysis would increase intravascular volume, gain weight, and raise blood pressure (BP) in relation to measured increases in DLF. In a 5-day protocol, dialysis was kept constant but dietary NaCl and fluids were modified in 7 patients. DLF was measured as inhibition of [Na,K]ATPase. Likewise, the first 2 L of daily peritoneal dialysate (PD) was processed on HPLC and the eluate analyzed for DLF. The group achieved significant weight gain (WT) by day 3 (delta WT = 4.1 +/- 1.2 kg, P < .05). Likewise, mean arterial pressure (MAP) and plasma DLF activity increased significantly. All variables were highly correlated (DLF v WT: R = 0.88, P = .004; MAP v DLF: R = 0.82, P = .01; MAP v WT: R = 0.90, P = .003). Although a number of HPLC fractions contained agents that interacted with the assay, only one PD HPLC fraction (at 19.5 min) contained DLF activity that correlated with changes in MAP (R = 0.60, P = .002), and body weight (R = 0.67, P = .0003). We conclude that candidate DLF responds to sustained volume expansion and the relationship suggests that it could influence blood pressure. Moreover, the application of stringent criteria to the confusing array of factors in plasma that may affect assays for DLF appears to reduce the field dramatically, to a single candidate in this setting.
A unified approach to the analysis of polar organic by-products of oxidation in aqueous matrices

Abstract Information on the identification and occurrence of polar by-products of oxidation in water treatment is limited due to the difficulty in isolating these compounds from the aquatic matrix. A scheme has been developed which permits the simultaneous recovery and pre-concentration of mono- and multifunctional carbonyl-containing species from a single aqueous sample. Subsequent target-specific derivatization permits the identification of aldo- and ketoacids and hydroxy carbonyl species as well as aldehydes, ketones, dialdehydes and ketoaldehydes. The same aqueous sample can be pre-concentrated on an in-line ion exchange column for analysis of organic acids by ion chromatography. An additional sample can be analyzed through selective generation of OH radicals forming a fluorophore for determination of organic peroxides. Positive chemical ionization ion trap mass spectrometry is effectively utilized for identification of the derivatized carbonyl-containing species and following structural confirmation through analysis of standards, the analysis scheme is applied to ozonated aqueous solutions. A cationic polymer, commonly used in drinking water treatment, produces trace levels of each of the derivatized fractions. An ozonated surface water is analyzed for the carbonyl-containing species and also for the formation of peroxides.
Observations on the structure of the phytotoxic glycopeptide of Corynebacterium sepedonicum.

Abstract Corynebacterium sepedonicum produces a phytotoxic glycopeptide in culture and in potato plants infected with this organism. Methylation, followed by hydrolysis, reduction and acetylation of the purified toxin revealed the presence of at least II different sugar linkages when the methylated-acetylated alditols were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy. The toxin is a highly branched heteropolymer. The carbohydrate portion consists primarily of mannose and glucose with mannose accounting for about half of the branch points and virtually all of the terminal residues. A peptide isolated from a pronase treated, acid hydrolyzed preparation of the toxin has a mannose residue glycosidically linked to threonine. Although the most likely structure of the toxin contains but a single oligosaccharide chain attatched to a single peptide, the evidence suggests that the purest available preparation contains as many ad 5 very similar but not identical glycopeptides.
Age-Related Differences In Cell-Mediated Immunity To Varicella-Zoster Virus Among Children And Adults Immunized With Live Attenuated Varicella Vaccine

Live attenuated varicella vaccine elicits protection against varicella-zoster virus (VZV), but adults require two doses to achieve optimal seroconversion rates. To assess the potential role of cell-mediated immunity (CMI), T cell proliferation to VZV antigen was compared in children and adults. Mean stimulation indices (SI) in two cohorts of 39 children tested 6 weeks after vaccination were 28.6 +/- 6.21 and 22.1 +/- 3.84, whereas 20 adult vaccines had a mean SI of 9.1 +/- 0.99 (P = .04). Vaccinees had significant increases in CMI after a second dose of vaccine. At 1 year, VZV CMI was significantly lower in adults after two doses (10.0 +/- 1.13 vs. 15.6 +/- 1.77; P = .02), even though 82% of children received one dose. Limitations in the adult helper T cell response to VZV antigens may explain the need for booster doses to elicit effective immunity and the more frequent occurrence of varicella when adult vaccines are exposed to wild type virus.
Predictors of aggressive tendencies in girls' basketball: an examination of beginning and advanced participants in a summer skills camp.

Abstract This study was designed to extend previous research on aggressive tendencies and moral atmosphere in two ways: (a) to include participants of two skill levels in a summer youth basketball skill camp and (b) to examine the influence of the coach on participants' aggressive tendencies. The participants were 136 youth from either a beginning (n = 89) or an advanced sport camp (n = 47). Results indicated that primary predictors of aggressive tendencies for both skill levels included participants' perception of their teammates' behavior in the same situation and their willingness to injure others if their coach requested. These findings are consistent with previous research establishing team norm as a significant predictor for self-described aggressive tendencies in a sport situation
Rayleigh-Bénard Convection in a Small Aspect Ratio Enclosure: Part I—Bifurcation to Oscillatory Convection

The present numerical study documents bifurcation sequences for Rayleigh-Benard convection in a rectangular enclosure with insulated sidewalls. The aspect ratios are 3.5 and 2.1 and the Boussinesq fluid is water (average temperature of 70 o C) with a Prandtl number of 2.5. Two transitions are documented numerically. The first transition is from steady-state to oscillatory flow and the second is a subharmonic bifurcation as the Rayleigh number is increased further. The dynamics of the flow and temperature field is analyzed in detail for the subcritical steady convection and the supercritical oscillatory convection. The numerical results compared well with experiments, both qualitatively and quantitatively
THREE TYPES OF CITRUS PEEL WASTE AS SOURCES OF COLOR

SUMMARY –Pilot-scale extractions of orange peel color concentrates from whole peel, peel frits and flavedo were reported. Yields of color up to 402, 545 and 669 mg/kg of starting material were obtained from frits, whole peel and flavedo, respectively. Additional color was obtained by acetone treatment of emulsion and this process increased yields by 1% from whole peel, 33% from flavedo and 50% from frits. All three of these waste materials appear to provide good sources of natural orange color. From the standpoint of yield, flavedo was best. Whole peel, although affording the lowest yield of color, offers the advantage of being considerably easier to handle due to lack of emulsion.
Infrared Spectroscopic Study of the Adsorption of HCN by gamma-Al2O3: Competition with Triethylenediamine for Adsorption Sites

The adsorption and vibrational properties of chemisorbed HCN on Lewis acid sites, Lewis base sites, and Bronsted Al-OH acid sites on a partially hydroxylated [gamma]-Al2O3 surface have been obtained by a combination of FTIR and density functional theory studies. The vibrational modes from the molecular and dissociative adsorption of HCN were assigned by using deuterium and 13C-labeled D13CN molecules at 170 K. In addition, [eta]2(C, N)-HCN bonding is also found from the [nu](CdN) vibrational spectra. Good correlation of the calculated vibrational frequencies for the adsorbed species with experimental data is found. The effect of triethylenediamine (TEDA) (also called 1, 4-diazabicyclo [2.2.2]octane, DABCO) on the adsorption of hydrogen cyanide (HCN) on the high area [gamma]-Al2O3 surface has been investigated using transmission FTIR spectroscopy. During HCN adsorption on TEDA-functionalized surfaces, there is no spectral change or emerging feature in either the TEDA or HCN spectral regions, indicating that no direct interaction occurs between these two molecules. Instead, we found that TEDA competes with HCN for the active sites on [gamma]-Al2O3. The observed [nu](C [identical with] N) mode on a TEDA-precovered surface is due to the HCN adsorption on Lewis base sites (Al-O-Al) which are less affected by TEDA preadsorption.
Intervention Format and Delivery Preferences Among Young Adult Cancer Survivors

Young adult cancer survivors face a number of increased medical and psychosocial risks, including an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and emotional distress. Although behavioral strategies, such as exercise, may diminish some of these risks, few behavioral interventions have been developed for this population. As a first step toward developing interventions specifically for young survivors, we conducted a qualitative study of their intervention-related preferences. A key objective was to identify the preferred format for delivering interventions (e.g., face-to-face, online). In-depth, semi-structured individual interviews were conducted with 20 young adult cancer survivors between the ages of 18 and 39. This research was conducted in Rhode Island, USA. Participants identified advantages and disadvantages to a variety of intervention formats including: telephone-based, print-based, computer-based, and several types of face-to-face interventions. The dominant theme that emerged was that interventions developed for young adult cancer survivors should take into account their multiple competing needs and obligations (e.g., work, family). Two closely related subthemes were: (1) the importance of developing interventions that are convenient and (2) the need for interventions that provide social support. Interventions for this population may be most successful if they take into account these themes. Data indicate that young adult cancer survivors have some unique needs (e.g., multiple competing demands of young adulthood) and preferences (e.g., comfort with remotely delivered interventions) that differentiate them from older cancer survivors. Thus, young survivors would be best served by interventions designed to specifically target this population.
Small sample magnetometers for simultaneous magnetic and resistive measurements at low temperatures and high magnetic fields

We describe a very simple method for making measurements of the isotropic and anisotropic static magnetization of small samples which is especially useful in the limit of very low temperatures and high magnetic fields. The sensitivity of this technique can surpass that of commercial superconducting magnetometers in the high magnetic field limit. Methods for calibration are presented and magnetization measurements on several materials are shown to demonstrate the technique.
Effect of vesical overdistention on bladder mucin.

Abstract Histochemical staining of bladder tissue demonstrates a discrete layer of mucopolysaccharide (mucin) on the surface of human and rabbit bladders. Studies have shown that an intact mucin layer may be important in helping the bladder to resist bacterial infections. This report correlates vesical overdistention with destruction of the mucin layer in the rabbit bladder. These findings suggest that vesical overdistention may predispose to urinary tract infection because of bladder mucin disruption.