cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Medical student views on the use of Facebook profile screening by residency admissions committees.

Purpose Previous research has shown that >50% of residency programmes indicate that inappropriate Facebook postings could be grounds for rejecting a student applicant. This study sought to understand medical students’ views regarding the impact of their Facebook postings on the residency admissions process. Study design In 2011–2012, we conducted a national survey of 7144 randomly selected medical students representing 10% of current enrollees in US medical schools. Students were presented with a hypothetical scenario of a residency admissions committee searching Facebook and finding inappropriate pictures of a student, and were asked how the committee ought to regard these pictures. Results The response rate was 30% (2109/7144). Respondents did not differ from medical students nationally with regard to type of medical school and regional representation. Of the three options provided, the majority of respondents (63.5%) indicated ‘the pictures should be considered along with other factors, but should not be grounds for automatic rejection of the application’. A third (33.7%) believed ‘the pictures should have no bearing on my application; the pictures are irrelevant’. A small minority of respondents (2.8%) felt ‘the pictures should be grounds for automatic rejection of the application’. Conclusions That the views of students regarding the consequences of their online activity differ so greatly from the views of residency admissions committees speaks to the need for better communication between these parties. It also presents opportunities for medical schools to help students in their residency application process by increasing awareness of social media screening strategies used by some residency programmes, and fostering self-awareness around the use of social media during medical school and especially during the residency application process.
Modeling and Optimum Design of a Wire Mesh Solar Volumetric Air Receiver

This paper describes the development of computer model to predict the performance of a discrete layer wire mesh solar volumetric air receiver. The model accounts for all important energy transfer processes within the absorber and allows for the use of two different types of wire mesh screens. Model predictions are compared to experimental results for validation purposes. An optimum design analysis is performed to determine optimum receiver characteristics and performance. Results show a predicted efficiency in the range of 89 percent to 87 percent when the outlet air temperature is between 700°C and 820°C, respectively.
Use of the variable-length intraluminal sutureless graft

From August 1987 to May 1988 we treated 4 patients with acute ascending aortic dissections with a variable-length intraluminal aortic prosthesis. This operation uses profound hypothermic circulatory arrest and represents a refinement of existing techniques. There was no mortality, and morbidity was minimal. Modifications of this technique can be used in performing proximal aortic root reconstruction with a composite valved conduit. The use of a variable-length intraluminal prosthesis and hypothermic circulatory arrest is illustrated. This is a safe and useful technique in select cases of acute ascending aortic dissection.
Upregulation of the TLR3 Pathway by Kaposi's Sarcoma-Associated Herpesvirus during Primary Infection

Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV) is associated with several different human malignancies, including Kaposi's sarcoma, primary effusion lymphoma, and multicentric Castleman's disease. KSHV establishes lifelong latency in the host and modulates the host immune response. Innate immunity is critical for controlling de novo viral infection. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key components of the innate immune system, and they serve as pathogen recognition receptors that stimulate the host antiviral response. In particular, TLR3 has been implicated in RNA virus recognition. Currently, there is no information regarding how KSHV infection modulates any TLR pathway. We report the first evidence that KSHV upregulates TLR3 expression in human monocytes during primary infection. This is also the first demonstration of a human DNA tumor virus upregulating TLR3, a TLR that thus far has been associated with the recognition of RNA viruses. We found that KSHV upregulates the TLR3 pathway and induces TLR3-specific cytokines and chemokines, including beta 1 interferon (IFN-beta1) and CXCL10 (IP-10). Small interfering RNAs directed against TLR3 greatly reduced the ability of KSHV to upregulate IFN-beta1 and CXCL10 upon infection.
LOW-VOLTAGE ELECTRON BEAM IRRADIATION OF NORMAL AND 5-BROMOURIDINE DEOXYRIBOSIDE-TREATED L-P59 MOUSE FIBROBLAST CELLS IN VITRO.

Low-voltage electron beams were used to irradiate to selective depths within mouse fibroblast cells grown in tissue culture, with and without the addition of 5-bromouridine desoxyriboside (BUdR) in an investigation of the role of nuclear and chromosomal damage in radiation killing of mammalian cells. The electron beam irradiation system is described and problems of dosage measurement are discussed. Representative plots of the survival data indicate that two mechanisms may be involved in the radiation killing of mammalian cells, one of which involves chromatin located on or near the nuclear membrane and is potentiated by BUdR directly associated with desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and another that does not involve DNA. (C.H.)
The social science of human rights: the need for a ‘second image reversed’?

What are the causes of state-initiated human rights violations? Are intra-national factors alone causally responsible for the emergence of human rights crises in the developing world? This article critically examines contemporary social science literature on the causes of human rights compliance and violations, particularly in the fields of international relations and comparative politics. It underscores the finding that the current research agenda on human rights has yet to fully recognise the causal and constitutive links between transnational and domestic factors in generating variations in states’ level of compliance. The main goal of the paper is to analytically explore the possibilities of generating social scientific research that recognises the interactive causal dynamics among extra-national and domestic variables as they jointly produce cross-national variations in the quality of a state’s compliance with human rights norms. Based on a critical analysis of the current scholarship in human rights...
The influence of computers on psychological research: A case study

Computers are pervading all aspects of the research process: literature search, experimental control, recording of results, storage of data, analysis of results, development of theory, data-theory comparison, preparation of figures, and preparation of manuscripts. This article describes the influence of computers on a single experimental study, one in which physostigmine is found to affect the memory of rats for time intervals. The computer methods used are compared with other methods currently available. Some speculations are made about the influence of computers on research when networks are more fully developed.
Evidence for Spinodal Phase Separation in Two-Dimensional Nanocrystal Self-Assembly

The drying of thin nanocrystal solution films creates a varied range of structured aggregate spatial patterns as a function of surface coverage. These images can be understood as predicted kinetic stages in the fluid-fluid spinodal phase separation of a 2D van der Waals particle system. It is suggested that phase separation occurs due to increased van der Waals nanocrystal−nanocrystal interaction in the presence of air, as compared with the shielded interaction in organic solvents.
Evidence for a central postsynaptic action of clonidine

Intravenous administration of clonidine (1–100 μg/kg) produces a dose-dependent mydriasis in cats by inhibition of parasympathetic tone to the iris. The magnitude of CNS-induced pupillary dilation was similar in both normal anaesthetized cats and in araesthetized preparations pretreated with reserpine (5 mg/kg i.p.) and α-methyl-p-tyrosine (2×300 mg/kg i.p.). Pretreatment reduced the concentrations of noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin to less than 3% of that control levels in most parts of the CNS in which these amines were measured. Clonidine produced bradycardia in control animals but not in pretreated cats. In amine depleted animals in which only one eye was innervated by the ciliary nerves (parasympathetic), clonidine produced mydriasis only on the innervated side.
The social representation and reality of BSE's impact in North Central Alberta

Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy (BSE), popularly known as ‘Mad Cow’ disease, was discovered in the late 1980s in Britain; in 1996, scientists announced a ‘probable’ link between eating BSE-contaminated meat and a new form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, a fatal human brain disease. Britain's beef industry was devastated, beef consumption dropped, export markets closed and a mass cull of older cattle was implemented. This article uses social representation theory to analyze how Canada's 2003 BSE outbreak was portrayed to Canadians in major newspapers and compares this representation with BSE's impact in two rural Alberta counties. The day Canada's BSE case was reported, the United States closed its border to Canadian cattle and beef. The event was represented as ‘devastating’ to Canada's cattle and beef industries and rural areas in general, a view that went largely unchallenged and was critical to gaining government support for the affected industries. Little evidence of economic devastation was found in the heart of Alberta's cow-calf producing area; producers adapted to their changing economic circumstances and acquired other sources of income. But there is little doubt that the financial uncertainty associated with BSE added to stress levels among farm families. La representation sociale et la realite de l'impact de l'ESB dans le centre-nord de l'Alberta L'encephalopathie spongiforme bovine (ESB) connue sous le nom familier de ≪maladie de la vache folle≫ a ete decouverte en Grande Bretagne a la fin des annees 1980. Des scientifiques ont annonce en 1996 avoir etabli un lien ≪probable≫ entre la consommation de la viande contaminee par l'ESB et une nouvelle forme de la maladie de Creutzfeldt-Jakob qui est une maladie du cerveau mortelle pour l'humain. L'effet sur l'industrie bovine de la Grande Bretagne a ete catastrophique, voyant chuter la consommation de buf et fermer les marches d'exportation, alors que des mesures d'abattage massif du betail plus âge ont ete prises. En se servant de la theorie de la representation sociale, cette etude porte sur la facon dont les principaux quotidiens ont presente aux Canadiens le declenchement de l'ESB au Canada en 2003 et compare cette representation avec l'impact de l'ESB dans deux comtes ruraux de l'Alberta. Le jour ou le cas d'ESB canadien a ete annonce, les Etats-Unis ont tout de suite ferme leur frontiere aux bovins et au buf canadiens. On representait l'evenement comme etant une ≪catastrophe≫ pour l'industrie de l'elevage bovin et pour les milieux ruraux en general. Ce point de vue a rencontre peu de resistance et a ete determinant pour que le gouvernement accorde une aide aux secteurs industriels touches. Il y a peu de preuves valables que la catastrophe economique puisse avoir frappe le cur de la production bovine en Alberta, etant donne que les producteurs se sont adaptes aux changements de la situation economique et ont pu trouver d'autres sources de revenu. Il reste que l'incertitude economique liee a l'ESB a aggrave le stress subi par les familles agricoles.
Integration of calcineurin and MEF2 signals by the coactivator p300 during T‐cell apoptosis

T-cell antigen receptor (TCR)-induced thymocyte apoptosis is mediated by calcium-dependent signal transduction pathways leading to the transcriptional activation of members of the Nur77 family. The major calcium- and calcineurin-responsive elements in the Nur77 promoter are binding sites for myocyte enhancer factor-2 (MEF2). It has been shown that nuclear factor of activated T cells (NFAT) interacts with MEF2D and enhances its transcriptional activity, offering a plausible mechanism of activation of MEF2D by calcineurin. We report here that NFATp synergizes with MEF2D to recruit the coactivator p300 for the transcription of Nur77. Surprisingly, the enhancement of transcriptional activity of MEF2D by NFATp does not require its DNA-binding activity, suggesting that NFATp acts as a coactivator for MEF2D. Transient co-expression of p300, MEF2D, NFATp and constitutively active calcineurin is sufficient to recapitulate TCR signaling for the selective induction of the endogenous Nur77 gene. These results implicate NFAT as an important mediator of T-cell apoptosis and suggest that NFAT is capable of integrating the calcineurin signaling pathway and other pathways through direct protein–protein interaction with other transcription factors.
The pressure-temperature phase and transformation diagram for carbon; updated through 1994

Abstract In recent years, important advances in our understanding of the pressure-temperature phase and transformation diagram for carbon have occurred as a result of developments in both experimental and theoretical techniques. Graphite, diamond, liquid and vapor remain the major thermodynamically stable forms of carbon. However, due to the high activation energies for solid-state transformations and the specific effects of reaction paths, other metastable forms and a wide spectrum of complex hybrid forms may be generated, and possibly quenchedin, to survive metastably. This paper focuses primarily on developments since the last review of the carbon phase diagram published in 1989, but also includes references to the reliable older work. Some of the newer conclusions include the following: the Clapeyron slope of the diamond melting line, d T m d P , is positive; the liquid is metallic and there appears to be no evidence for a transformation between electrically conducting and non-conducting forms; melted droplets of carbon less than 0.2 μm in diameter quench to a giant fullerene structure even in the stability field of diamond; graphite transforms to a transparent phase on compression at room temperature; this phase reverts to graphite on decompression at this temperature from pressures as high as 100 GPa.
Effect of oxygen impurities on properties of the ternary superconductor SnMo6S8: Extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure determination of bond distances and local-density cluster calculations.

Electronic structure calculations were performed for clusters representing the Chevrel-phase ${\mathrm{SnMo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{S}}_{8}$, with and without oxygen doping. In order to obtain the local structure around the Sn atom, extended x-ray-absorption fine-structure (EXAFS) measurements were made with synchro- tron radiation. The interatomic distances obtained experimentally were used in the calculations. The effect of oxygen doping on the M\"ossbauer isomer shift and quadrupole splitting values of $^{119}\mathrm{Sn}$ was investigated theoretically and compared with reported experimental values. The effect of oxygen substitution on the density of states at the Fermi energy of the [${\mathrm{Mo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{S}}_{8}$${]}^{2\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ cluster was also studied. The results suggest that oxygen doping does not alter significantly the electronic structure of ${\mathrm{SnMo}}_{6}$${\mathrm{S}}_{8}$.
Intimate Relationship Aggression in College Couples: Family-of-Origin Violence, Egalitarian Attitude, Attachment Security

Dating violence among college aged couples has become a growing concern with increasing prevalence. The current study investigated the interplay among witnessing violence during childhood (both parental conflict and parent to child aggression), attachment insecurity, egalitarian attitude within the relationship, and dating aggression. Participants of this study included 87 couples. Results from the structural equation model indicated that the proposed model provided a good fit to the with a χ2 to df ratio of 1.84. In particular, both female and male participants who reported higher levels of attachment insecurity were more likely to be victim of dating aggression in their relationships. Furthermore, female participants who reported having witnessed parental conflict were more likely to be victimized by their partners. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive understanding of intimate relationship violence with dyadic data showing, for both genders, attachment insecurity is a crucial factor in both victimization and perpetration of aggression.
Effect of Anti-Lipid A Monoclonal Antibody (E5) on Microcirculatory Function during Lipopolysaccharide Shock

Abstract Early septic shock is characterized by fever, increased cardiac output, decreased systemic vascular resistance, and dilation of higher-order arterioles in peripheral tissues, such as skeletal muscle. We used a rat model of low-dose lipopolysaccharide (LPS) "septic" shock to investigate the potential benefit of an antilipid A monoclonal antibody preparation (E5) on macro- and microcirculatory function. Twenty-five male Sprague-Dawley rats were anesthetized and instrumented for measurement of arterial pressure (AP), heart rate (HR), and cardiac output (CO). The left cremaster muscle of each rat was prepared for in vivo video microscopic examination of changes in third-order arteriolar (A3) diameter and erythrocyte velocity. Rats were randomly assigned to two groups: Group I (n = 13) received E5 vehicle and 200 μg/kg Escherichia coli LPS; Group II (n = 12) received 2 mg/kg E5 iv prior to LPS administration. All variables were recorded at 15-min intervals for 30 min prior to and 150 min following LPS. Microcirculatory recordings were restricted to those rats where arteriolar diameters were 20-40 μm and vessels displayed obvious vasomotion (n = 7/group). Infusion of LPS caused no significant change in AP, an increase in CO by 105 min, an increase in HR by 75 min, an increase in diameter by 75 min, and a decrease in velocity by 165 min (P
Differences in Adolescent Relationship Abuse Perpetration and Gender-Inequitable Attitudes by Sport Among Male High School Athletes

Abstract Purpose School-based athletic programs remain an important context for violence prevention efforts although a better understanding of how gender attitudes and abuse perpetration differ among athletes is needed. Methods We analyzed baseline survey data from the "Coaching Boys into Men" study—a school-based cluster-randomized trial in 16 high schools in Northern California. We describe relationships among gender-inequitable attitudes, sport type, and recent adolescent relationship abuse perpetration among a sample of male athletes (n = 1,648). Results Gender-inequitable attitudes (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 3.26; 95% confidence interval (CI), 2.56, 4.15), participation in both high school football and basketball (AOR, 2.08; 95% CI, 1.37, 3.18), and participation in football only (AOR, 1.50; 95% CI, 1.02, 2.22) emerged as independently associated with recent ARA perpetration. Conclusions Findings warrant targeted violence prevention efforts among male high school athletes that incorporate discussions of gender attitudes and healthy relationships, especially among sports teams at greater risk of adolescent relationship abuse perpetration.
Selective ligands for opioid receptors: β‐Cyclopropylalanyl containing analogs of enkephalin

The synthesis and resolution of the amino acid β-cyclopropylalanine (Cpr) and its incorporation into four enkephalin analogs is reported. The analogs prepared were: Tyr - l - Cpr - Gly - Phe - Pen (des - COOH - Nle = n - pentylamide = Pen) (l-Cpr2-Pen5-ENK), Tyr-d-Cpr-Gly-Phe-Pen (d-Cpr2-Pen5-ENK), l-Cpr-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe-Pen (l-Cpr0-d-Ala2-Pen5-ENK) and d-Cpr-Tyr-d-Ala-Gly-Phe-Pen (d-Cpr0-d-Ala2-Pen5-ENK). Each was tested for its ability to inhibit the field stimulated guinea pig ileum (GPI) and rat vas deferens (RVD) and the results compared to the effect d-Ala2-d-Leu5-enkephalin (DADLE) has on the same preparations. The results show that at concentrations up to 10-5m all four analogs, as well as DADLE, are full agonists on the GPI preparation. The concentrations necessary to produce a 50% inhibition of the twitch response were, DADLE, 3.5 °× 10-8m; l - Cpr0-d-Ala2-Pen5-ENK, 6.0 × 10-8m; d-Cpr2-Pen5-ENK, 1.1 × 10-7m; l-Cpr2-Pen5-ENK, 1.2 × 10-6m and d-Cpr0-d-Ala2-Pen5-ENK, > 10-5m. On RVD a different result was observed with only DADLE (1.3 × 10-6m) and l-Cpr0-Pen5-enkephalin (1.8 × 10-6m) showing full agonist activity. d-Cpr2-Pen5-ENK was a partial agonist (29 · 5% inhibition of the twitch at 10-5m) while d-Cpr0-d-Ala2-Pen5-ENK and l-Cpr2-Pen5-ENK did not inhibit the twitch at concentrations up to 10-5m. These compounds which were inactive or of low potency on each preparation were also tested as antagonists. Only d-Cpr2-Pen5-ENK was an antagonist (pA2 = 6.09) versus DADLE on RVD while d-Cpr0-d-Ala2-Pen5-ENK was inactive as an antagonist on both GPI and RVD. d-Cpr2-Pen5-ENK, therefore, represents the first enkephalin analog to be categorized as a mixed agonist-antagonist.
Acidosis-induced enhanced activity of the Na-K exchange pump in the in vivo choroid plexus: an ontogenetic analysis of possible role in cerebrospinal fluid pH homeostasis.

Abstract: Changes in cellular [K] and [Na] in the choroidal epithelium (as a reflection of Na-K pump activity) were analyzed in Sprague-Dawley rats subjected to acute systemic acidosis. In the lateral and 4th ventricle choroid plexus (CP) of adult rats in which metabolic acidosis was induced for 1 h, cell [K] and [Na] increased and decreased by 35 and 15 mm/kg water, respectively, indicating marked stimulation of the Na-K exchange pump in the CSF-facing membrane; in contrast, this striking response of the CP to acidosis could not be elicited in immature animals (1 week old). Since the effects of respiratory acidosis on CP cell [K] and [Na] were similar to those of metabolic acidosis, the reduction in plasma pH (rather than in [HCO3]) is likely the mechanism underlying the enhanced turnover of Na and K across the CP in adults. The concentration of Na and K in the cerebral cortex, medulla, and CSF was generally not altered during acute acid-base distortions in both mature and immature animals. The striking difference in the response of CNS tissue protected by the blood-CSF barrier (i.e., CP) and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) to systemic acidosis emphasizes a unique role, presumably homeostatic, for the plexus. Since propranolol substantially attenuated the acidosis-induced changes in choroidal cell [K] and [Na], it is possible that there is β-receptor modulation of the Na,K-ATPase (Na-K pump) in the CP. We postulate that the generally observed enhanced electropositivity in the CSF in systemic acidosis is brought about, at least in part, by facilitation of Na-K pumping in the CP, although induced changes in membrane permeability may also be a factor.
Strengthening cuts for mixed integer programs

Abstract We give a method for strengthening cutting planes for pure and mixed integer programs. The method improves the coefficients of the integer-constrained variables, while leaving unchanged those of the continuous variables. We first state the general principle on which the method is based; then apply it to the class of cuts that can be obtained from disjunctive constraints. Finally, we give simple procedures for calculating the improved coefficients of cats in this class, and illustrate them on a numerical example.
Defective candidacidal capacity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes in chronic granulomatous disease of childhood.

Summary Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) from patients with chronic granulomatous disease of childhood phagocytize C. albicans normally but are unable to kill the intracellular organisms. PMN from normal human adults and newborn infants phagocytize and kill approximately 30 per cent of intracellular organisms in 60 minutes. Sera from control subjects and patients with chronic granulomatous disease are actively opsonic for C. albicans . Heated serum is not opsonic but opsonic capacity can be restored by addition of C. albicans absorbed fresh serum. Both specific heat-stable and nonspecific heat-labile serum factors are necessary for opsonization of C. albicans .
New anatomies for semiconductor wafers

The mixing and matching of semiconductor materials to produce specific performance characteristics is discussed. Instances are GaAs-on-Si and Si-on-insulator wafers, and wafers that layer various III-V and II-VI materials. The techniques, collectively named wafer engineering make it possible to grow ultrathin freestanding wafers. The discussion focuses on GaAs-on-Si and Si-on-insulator, which have the most immediate commercial potential. Cleft layers, obtained by a technique called lateral overgrowth, and other advanced approaches to engineering materials with specified properties, are examined. >
Why Does Fever Trigger Febrile Seizures? GABAA Receptor γ2 Subunit Mutations Associated with Idiopathic Generalized Epilepsies Have Temperature-Dependent Trafficking Deficiencies

With a worldwide incidence as high as 6.7% of children, febrile seizures are one of the most common reasons for seeking pediatric care, but the mechanisms underlying generation of febrile seizures are poorly understood. Febrile seizures have been suspected to have a genetic basis, and recently, mutations in GABAA receptor and sodium channel genes have been identified that are associated with febrile seizures and generalized seizures with febrile seizures plus pedigrees. Pentameric GABAA receptors mediate the majority of fast synaptic inhibition in the brain and are composed of combinations of alpha(1-6), beta(1-3), and gamma(1-3) subunits. In alphabetagamma2 GABAA receptors, the gamma2 subunit is critical for receptor trafficking, clustering, and synaptic maintenance, and mutations in the gamma2 subunit have been monogenically associated with autosomal dominant transmission of febrile seizures. Here, we report that whereas trafficking of wild-type alpha1beta2gamma2 receptors was slightly temperature dependent, trafficking of mutant alpha1beta2gamma2 receptors containing gamma2 subunit mutations [gamma2(R43Q), gamma2(K289M), and gamma2(Q351X)] associated with febrile seizures was highly temperature dependent. In contrast, trafficking of mutant alpha1beta2gamma2 receptors containing an alpha1 subunit mutation [alpha1(A322D)] not associated with febrile seizures was not highly temperature dependent. Brief increases in temperature from 37 to 40 degrees C rapidly (<10 min) impaired trafficking and/or accelerated endocytosis of heterozygous mutant alpha1beta2gamma2 receptors containing gamma2 subunit mutations associated with febrile seizures but not of wild-type alpha1beta2gamma2 receptors or heterozygous mutant alpha1(A322D)beta2gamma2 receptors, suggesting that febrile seizures may be produced by a temperature-induced dynamic reduction of susceptible mutant surface GABAA receptors in response to fever.
The 209Pb single-neutron states and the l = 4 levels of 205Pb studied by the (d, p) reaction

Abstract Differential cross sections and vector and tensor analyzing powers have been measured for the ( d ,p) reaction to the single-particle states of 209Pb with spins ranging from 1 2 to 15 2 . Distorted-wave calculations are compared to all of these results and reasonable agreement is obtained with the cross sections and vector analyzing powers but not the tensor analyzing powers. The d and g vector analyzing powers for the spin-orbit partners are found to have opposite signs and this fact is used to assign g 9 2 spin to three l = 4 states seen near 2.6 MeV in 2205Pb.
Culturally Competent MMPI Assessment of Hispanic Populations

Culturally competent assessment practice is now mandated by the 1992 APA Ethical Code. Culturally competent assessment practice is described as a contextfor discussing the advantages and disadvantages of a variety of "corrections" currently available for the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory with Hispanic populations. These "corrections" include moderator variables, special scales, special norms, translations, and aids to interpretation. Interim usage of these "corrections" and simultaneous development of new tests and diagnostic standards that fully acknowledge cultural diversity are recommendedfor compliance with the ethical code.
A review of computer-aided fixture design with respect to information support requirements

This paper lays the foundation for an integrated representation for advanced computer-aided fixture design (CAFD) systems through a systematic comparative analysis of the existing CAFD systems. Significant work done in the CAFD field, the different methods used for each design phase, their working principles, and the information modeling requirements are presented. Information flows are developed through identification of CAFD phases (problem definition, fixture synthesis, and fixture analysis), of the effective methods for each, and of their input/output traffic. This survey is used to establish the representation and information requirements for integrated CAFD leading to a novel representation scheme. Specifically, the information types required include geometric information, locator information (number, type, orientation, and position), material properties, machining information (tool paths), applied forces, tolerance requirements, and displacement (errors).
Fast computation of the L 1 -principal component of real-valued data

Recently, Markopoulos et al. [1], [2] presented an optimal algorithm that computes the L 1 maximum-projection principal component of any set of N real-valued data vectors of dimension D with complexity polynomial in N, O(N D ). Still, moderate to high values of the data dimension D and/or data record size N may render the optimal algorithm unsuitable for practical implementation due to its exponential in D complexity. In this paper, we present for the first time in the literature a fast greedy single-bit-flipping conditionally optimal iterative algorithm for the computation of the L 1 principal component with complexity O(N 3 ). Detailed numerical studies are carried out demonstrating the effectiveness of the developed algorithm with applications to the general field of data dimensionality reduction and direction-of-arrival estimation.
Acute central retinal artery occlusion treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator

Central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) causes ischemic stroke of the eye. We report a case of CRAO that was successfully treated with intravenous recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rt-PA) and review the current literature. A 64-year-old right-handed man presented to the emergency department with acute left eye amaurosis. An ophthalmologic assessment revealed a left afferent pupillary defect, minimal visual acuity, macular edema with a cherry red spot, and multiple emboli in the inferotemporal arcade of the left eye. A neurologic examination was otherwise nonfocal; neuroimaging was normal. Acute CRAO was diagnosed, and rt-PA was administered intravenously 185 minutes after symptom onset. A repeat examination 4.5 hours after treatment found improved vision, reduced macular edema, and no emboli. An ophthalmologic evaluation 10 days later found a visual acuity of 20/200 in the left eye and bilateral arterial sclerosis without evidence of retinal emboli or macular edema. This case illustrates that intravenous rt-PA may be an effective therapeutic option for CRAO in select patients. Given the current literature and the recommended established safety window for thrombolytics in acute ischemic cerebral stroke, it is reasonable to administer intravenous treatment for CRAO within 4.5 hours after symptom onset. Nevertheless, it is critical that a prospective clinical trial confirm the efficacy, safety, and time window for treatment.
Protein Radical Formation during Lactoperoxidase-mediated Oxidation of the Suicide Substrate Glutathione IMMUNOCHEMICAL DETECTION OF A LACTOPEROXIDASE RADICAL-DERIVED 5,5-DIMETHYL-1-PYRROLINE N-OXIDE NITRONE ADDUCT

Abstract A novel anti-5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide (DMPO) polyclonal antiserum that specifically recognizes protein radical-derived DMPO nitrone adducts has been developed. In this study, we employed this new approach, which combines the specificity of spin trapping and the sensitivity of antigen-antibody interactions, to investigate protein radical formation from lactoperoxidase (LPO). When LPO reacted with GSH in the presence of DMPO, we detected an LPO radical-derived DMPO nitrone adduct using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and Western blotting. The formation of this nitrone adduct depended on the concentrations of GSH, LPO, and DMPO as well as pH values, and GSH could not be replaced by H2O2. The level of this nitrone adduct was decreased significantly by azide, catalase, ascorbate, iodide, thiocyanate, phenol, or nitrite. However, its formation was unaffected by chemical modification of free cysteine, tyrosine, and tryptophan residues on LPO. ESR spectra showed that a glutathiyl radical was formed from the LPO/GSH/DMPO system, but no protein radical adduct could be detected by ESR. Its formation was decreased by azide, catalase, ascorbate, iodide, or thiocyanate, whereas phenol or nitrite increased it. GSH caused marked changes in the spectrum of compound II of LPO, indicating that GSH binds to the heme of compound II, whereas phenol or nitrite prevented these changes and reduced compound II back to the native enzyme. GSH also dose-dependently inhibited the peroxidase activity of LPO as determined by measuring 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) oxidation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the GSH-dependent LPO radical formation is mediated by the glutathiyl radical, possibly via the reaction of the glutathiyl radical with the heme of compound II to form a heme-centered radical trapped by DMPO.
Developmental differences in children's reactions to a toy advertisement linked to a toy‐based cartoon

In this experiment, girls from three age groups (4‐6, 7‐8, 9‐11 years) viewed a toy advertisement in one of three contexts: adjacent to a related toy‐based cartoon, nonadjacent to the toy‐based cartoon, or with an unrelated cartoon. The youngest group was less able to recognize the toy ad and comprehend its intent when it was shown with the related cartoon (adjacent or nonadjacent) than with an unrelated cartoon. The two older groups showed no such differences. Unexpectedly, none of the age groups were more persuaded by the ad when shown with the toy‐based cartoon. The findings concur with developmental theories regarding perceptual dependence.
Neutrino interactions in dense stellar matter

Weak-interaction rates play an important role in the birth of neutron stars in core collapse supernova and their subsequent thermal evolution. In this paper, I highlight the role of strong interactions and phase transitions in calculations of neutrino scattering and emission rates in dense stellar matter.
Modeling a large submillimeter-wave observatory

The 25 meter aperture Cornell Caltech Atacama Telescope (CCAT) will provide an enormous increase in sensitivity in the submillimeter bands compared to existing observatories, provided it can establish and maintain excellent image quality. To accomplish this at a very low cost, it is necessary to conduct accurate engineering trades, including the most effective segment and wavefront sensing and control approach, to determine the best method for continuously maintaining wavefront quality in the operational environment. We describe an integrated structural/optical/controls model that provides accurate performance prediction. We also detail the analysis methods used to quantify critical design trades.
Analysis of the Shielding Characteristics of Saturable Ferromagnetic Cable Shields

A numerical technique is developed that may be used to analyze the shielding characteristics of a cable with a saturable ferromagnetic outer sheath in an intense low-frequency environment. The solution relates the center conductor current to the total current exciting a coaxial cable with a ferromagnetic sheath. Several examples are given to illustrate how saturation effects the shielding properties of a ferromagnetic sheath.
Changes in the Regiospecificity of Aromatic Hydroxylation Produced by Active Site Engineering in the Diiron Enzyme Toluene 4-Monooxygenase†

Pseudomonas mendocina KR1 toluene 4-monooxygenase is a multicomponent diiron enzyme. The diiron center is contained in the tmoA polypeptide of the hydroxylase component [(αβγ)2, Mr ≈ 212 kDa]. Product distribution studies reveal that the natural isoform is highly specific for para hydroxylation of toluene (kcat ≈ 2 s-1 with respect to an αβγ protomer), o-xylene (kcat ≈ 0.8 s-1), m-xylene (kcat ≈ 0.6 s-1), and other aromatic hydrocarbons. This degree of regioselectivity for methylbenzenes is unmatched by numerous other oxygenase enzymes. However, during the T4MO-catalyzed oxidation of p-xylene (kcat ≈ 0.4 s-1), 4-methyl benzyl alcohol is the major product, showing that the enzyme could catalyze either aromatic or benzylic hydroxylation with the appropriate substrate. Site-directed mutagenesis has been used to study the contributions of tmoA active site residues Q141, I180, and F205 to the regiospecificity. Isoforms Q141C and F205I yielded shifts of regiospecificity away from p-cresol formation, with F205I ...
Anomalous quantum mass flow of atoms in p-wave resonance

I analyze an atomic Fermi gas with a planar p-wave interaction, motivated by the experimentally observed anisotropy in p-wave Feshbach resonances. An axial superfluid state is verified. A domain wall object is discovered to be a new topological defect of this superfluid and an explicit solution has been found. Gapless quasiparticles appear as bound states on the wall, dispersing in the continuum of reduced dimensions. They are chiral, deeply related to fermion zero modes in quantum chromodynamics. The chirality of the superfluid is manifested by a persistent anomalous mass current of atoms in the ground state. This quantum phenomenon is a prediction for future experiments.
An Analysis of the Sensitivity of Quasi-Experimental Net Impact Estimates of Ceta Programs

This article examines the sensitivity of CETA net impact estimates to alternative methodological procedures to reconcile the diverse findings from various CETA studies that are based on the same basic data sets. Our results indicate that estimated net impacts are quite sensitive to whether individuals without recent labor market attachment are included in the comparison group and to how close to the date of enrollment one measures preprogram earnings. Also, impact estimates are quite sensitive to the choice of the estimation models used and to assumptions about the period in which the decision to enroll in CETA is made. However, net impact estimates are robust to the matching technique used. Our results indicate that the wide diversity of CETA net impact estimates reported in the literature can be explained by differences in the methodological procedures used.
Acute Cholestatic Hepatitis A Virus Infection Presenting with Hemolytic Anemia and Renal Failure: A Case Report

Hepatitis A virus is the most common acute viral hepatitis worldwide with approximately 1.5 million cases annually. Hepatitis A virus infection in general is self-limited. In rare cases, hepatitis A virus infection may cause renal failure, hemolytic anemia, and/or cholestasis. We report the first case of acute cholestatic hepatitis A virus infection complicated by hemolytic anemia, and renal failure in one patient. A 42-year-old Caucasian male presented with cholestasis, hemolytic anemia and renal failure after consuming street tacos in Central and South America while on a business trip. His protracted course required corticosteroid therapy, multiple sessions of plasma exchange, and numerous units of packed red blood cells. This case demonstrates the importance of vaccination in high-risk adults. A prompt diagnosis of acute hepatitis A virus infection is essential, as uncommon presentations may delay diagnosis leading to permanent morbidity and potentially death in fulminant cases. We also demonstrate the efficacy of treatment of cholestatic hepatitis A virus infection, hemolytic anemia, and renal failure with corticosteroids and plasma exchange.
Laser desorption-ionization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons from glass surfaces with ion mobility spectrometry analysis

Abstract Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were analyzed as adsorbates on borosilicate glass at levels from 40 pg (5.5 pg mm−2) to 7 μg (1 μg mm−2) using laser desorption–ionization (LDI) in air at ambient pressure and 100 °C with ion characterization by mobility spectrometry. Gas-phase positive ions with distinctive mobilities were produced from six PAHs using an unfocused beam at 266 nm, 6 mJ pulse−1 and 10 Hz from a Nd–YAG laser. The ions produced were identified as M+ using mass spectrometry (MS) with a LDI source at atmospheric pressure. The mobility spectrometry drift tube provided low memory effects and allowed observation of time-resolved intensity profiles for ion signals, and changes in this behavior with loading level suggested intermolecular interactions from multilayer formation. Mobility peaks were broader than those seen in gas-phase reactions, and this was attributed to Coulombic repulsion caused by the small volume near the surface where ionization would take place. An ion shutter in the drift tube could be synchronized with the laser pulse to offer additional specificity using tandem mobility separation; further, resolution was improved in mixtures of PAHs with similar mobilities. Negative ions were also detected, though these were mass-identified as ions formed from air through the capture of electrons released from the PAHs; no M−-ions were observed in air. Limits of detection ranged from sub-pg to low-ng for individual PAHs.
Invitro transcription and translation of the human 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 receptor cDNA

A fragment of the complementary deoxyribonucleic acid to the human 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 receptor protein containing essentially the entire open reading frame was transcribed and translated in vitro . The resulting protein was then demonstrated to exhibit the physical and functional features, i.e. molecular weight, immunoreactivity, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D 3 binding, and DNA-cellulose binding, of the native human receptor from the T47D cell line. This validates the authenticity of the cDNA in a cell free system and provides a biochemical means of generating this rare and labile macromolecule to use in heretofore difficult structure/function studies.
Effect of oxytocin on concentration of PGF2α in the uterine lumen and subsequent endometrial responsiveness to oxytocin in pigs

The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oxytocin on PGF2 alpha secretion into the uterine lumen of pigs and subsequent endometrial responsiveness to oxytocin in vitro. Cyclic, pregnant and oestradiol-induced pseudopregnant gilts were injected i.v. with vehicle or 20 iu oxytocin 10 min before hysterectomy on day 16 after oestrus. Concentrations of PGF2 alpha and 13,14-dihydro-15-keto PGF2 alpha (PGFM) were significantly increased in uterine flushings collected at hysterectomy (P < 0.05) in pregnant oxytocin-injected gilts. Concentrations of PGF2 alpha and PGFM were greater (P < 0.001) in pregnant than in pseudopregnant and cyclic gilts, and greater (P < 0.01) in pseudopregnant than in cyclic gilts. The ratio of PGFM:PGF2 alpha tended to be greater in cyclic (P < 0.06) and pseudopregnant gilts (P < 0.1) than in pregnant gilts. At 85 +/- 5 min after oxytocin injection, endometrium from each gilt was incubated for 3 h for determination of phosphoinositide hydrolysis and PGF2 alpha secretion in response to treatment with 0 or 100 nmol oxytocin l-1. Endometrial phosphoinositide hydrolysis in response to 100 nmol oxytocin l-1 in vitro was greater (P < 0.05) in cyclic oxytocin-injected gilts than in cyclic vehicle-injected gilts. Treatment with oxytocin in vitro did not stimulate phosphoinositide hydrolysis significantly in vehicle- or oxytocin-injected pregnant gilts or pseudopregnant gilts. Endometrial PGF2 alpha secretion increased after treatment with 100 nmol oxytocin l-1 in vitro in cyclic vehicle-injected (P < 0.01), cyclic oxytocin-injected (P < 0.01), pregnant vehicle-injected (P = 0.06), pseudopregnant vehicle-injected (P < 0.05) and pseudopregnant oxytocin-injected (P < 0.05) gilts, but not in pregnant oxytocin-injected gilts. The increase in PGF2 alpha in pseudopregnant oxytocin-injected gilts was less (P < 0.05) than that in cyclic oxytocin-injected gilts. These results indicate that oxytocin increases the concentration of PGF2 alpha and PGFM in the uterine lumen during pregnancy and may upregulate endometrial responsiveness to oxytocin during late dioestrus in pigs, but does not have the latter effect during early pregnancy or oestradiol-induced pseudopregnancy.
Painfully Obvious: A Longitudinal Examination of Medical Use and Misuse of Opioid Medication Among Adolescent Sports Participants

Abstract Purpose The objective of this longitudinal study was to assess the prevalence of medical use, medical misuse, and non-medical use of opioid medication among adolescents who participate in organized sports. Methods Data for this study were taken from the Secondary Student Life Survey. A total of 1,540 adolescents participated in three waves of data collection occurring between the 2009–2010 and 2011–2012 school years, with 82% of the baseline sample completing all three waves. Results Using generalized estimating equation models to analyze the longitudinal data, it was found that male adolescents who participated in organized sports during each wave of the Secondary Student Life Survey had higher odds of being prescribed an opioid medication (i.e., medical use) during the past year (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 1.86; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.23–2.82), higher odds of past-year medical misuse of opioid medication as a result of taking too much (AOR, 10.5; 95% CI, 2.42–45.5), and higher odds of past-year medical misuse of opioid medication to get high (AOR, 4.01; 95% CI, 1.13–14.2) compared with males who did not participate in organized sports during the study period. Among females, no association was found between participation in organized sports and medical use, medical misuse, and non-medical use of opioid medication. Conclusions The results of this study indicate that adolescent males who participate in sports may have greater access to opioid medication, which puts them at greater risk to misuse these controlled substances.
The Measurement of Small Animal Respiratory Volumes by Capacitance Respirometry

Volume-related surface area changes of the thorax and abdomen are detected by measuring changes in the frequency of an oscillating capacitor circuit. Output signals are directly recorded as spirometric tracings. Respired air and flow rates of small animals are measured without head and neck attachments, anesthesia, or trachea intubation. This noninvasive technique is a sensitive method of measuring small animal respiratory volumes under nearly normal physiological conditions.
Method 8290: an analytical protocol for the multimedia characterization of polychlorinated dibenzodioxins and dibenzofurans by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry

Abstract The principal features of a new analytical protocol for the determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins and dibenzofurans by high-resolution gas chromatography/high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC/HRMS) are presented and discussed.