cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of phospholipid synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by zinc depletion.

The synthesis of phospholipids in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is regulated by zinc, an essential mineral required for growth and metabolism. Cells depleted of zinc contain increased levels of phosphatidylinositol and decreased levels of phosphatidylethanolamine. In addition to the major phospholipids, the levels of the minor phospholipids phosphatidate and diacylglycerol pyrophosphate decrease in the vacuole membrane of zinc-depleted cells. Alterations in phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylethanolamine can be ascribed to an increase in PIS1-encoded phosphatidylinositol synthase activity and to decreases in the activities of CDP-diacylglycerol pathway enzymes including the CHO1-encoded phosphatidylserine synthase, respectively. Alterations in the minor vacuole membrane phospholipids are due to the induction of the DPP1-encoded diacylglycerol pyrophosphate phosphatase. These changes in the activities of phospholipid biosynthetic enzymes result from differential regulation of gene expression at the level of transcription. Under zinc-deplete conditions, the positive transcription factor Zap1p stimulates the expression of the DPP1 and PIS1 genes through the cis-acting element UASZRE. In contrast, the negative regulatory protein Opi1p, which is involved in inositol-mediated regulation of phospholipid synthesis, represses the expression of the CHO1 gene through the cis-acting element UASINO. Regulation of phospholipid synthesis may provide an important mechanism by which cells cope with the stress of zinc depletion, given the roles that phospholipids play in the structure and function of cellular membranes.
In Vitro Correlates of Delayed Hypersensitivity in Man: Ambiguity of Polymorphonuclear Neutrophils as Indicator Cells in Leukocyte Migration Test

Delayed cutaneous hypersensitivity (DCH) of 12 normal adult subjects to purified protein derivative (PPD) of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, streptococcal streptokinase-streptodornase (SK-SD), and Candida albicans Dermatophytin O (DO) was assayed in vivo by skin testing and compared with such in vitro correlates of cellular immunity as lymphocyte transformation (LT) and inhibition of leukocyte migration (ILM) from microcapillary tubes or in agarose gel. LT was shown to be the best in vitro correlate of specific lymphocyte sensitization with all antigens. In the ILM assays, PPD showed good correlation with in vivo DCH and in vitro LT; SK-SD showed partial correlation; DO showed no correlation, not being active in any of the ILM tests. Cell distribution and morphology of stained migration patterns, ILM tests performed on separated populations of lymphocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN), as well as the ability of test antigens to stimulate PMN cells to reduce nitroblue-tetrazolium dye, indicated that in ILM tests mononuclear cells were not inhibited in their migration, whereas migration of PMN cells appeared to depend on their direct reaction with the test antigens.
Electrical and microstructural characterization of lead titanate thin films deposited by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition onto platinum and magnesium oxide

Abstract Lead titanate thin films were deposited onto MgO(100), Pt(200)/MgO(100), Pt(111)/Ti/MgO(100) and Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si(100) substrates using metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) under a variety of deposition conditions. Oriented and polycrystalline films of lead titanate were obtained on these substrates under the deposition conditions employed. The films were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), atomic force microscopy (AFM), Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy (RBS) and energy dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), (001) and (100) orientations of lead titanate were observed at low temperatures, while at higher temperatures (101) and (111) orientations were also observed. Optimal conditions for growth of lead titanate were different on different substrates. Electrical characterization of lead titanate thin film capacitors with platinum electrodes was performed. Hysteresis loops were obtained for both polycrystalline and oriented films. Hysteresis, fatigue and imprint tests were performed to evaluate these capacitors. The coercive fields for these films were of the order of 1.1 × 107 V m−1 for oriented films and about 1.5 × 107 V m−1 for polycrystalline films. The polycrystalline films were found to fatigue faster than the oriented films. The resistivity of the oriented films ( 6 × 10 7 Ω m ) was higher than that of polycrystalline films ( 2 × 10 6 Ω m ) at saturation voltage. The saturation polarization was of the order of 0.22 C m−2 for all films. Polycrystalline films showed retention loss on imprint testing, whereas the oriented films showed an increase in swhitched polarization indicating resistance degradation. No definite trend towards imprint was observed.
Understanding Diffuse Lung Disease in Children: Rationale for a New Classification System

Recent efforts to improve our understanding of diffuse lung disease in children are leading to new knowledge of this diverse group of diseases and a greater ability to care for these patients [1]. For adult patients, collaboration between societies resulted in a classification system that has formed the basis for understanding and further investigating these diseases for the past decade [2]. No such system is used for children with such diseases. The adult system has been applied to children, but with limited success. This is not surprising, as there are marked differences between diffuse lung disease in adults and in children.
Lactate in the critically ill patients: an outcome marker with the times

Lactic acid was first discovered in human blood in 1843. Since then it has been used as a prognosticator of outcome in critical illness. Regardless of its etiology, lactate's presence and trend over time have been shown to be independently associated with mortality. Two dynamic lactate measures, the time-weighted average lactate and the absolute change in lactate over the first 24 hours in the ICU, were recently shown to be better than static lactate measurements in predicting hospital and ICU deaths.
Consonant Clusters—Some Thoughts: Comment on Velta Rūķe-Draviņa's paper

In her paper “The acquisition process of consonantal clusters in the child: some universal rules?”, Velta Rūķe-Draviņa focuses on one of the oldest and most persistent issues in language development—the degree to which order of acquisition is governed by universals. An alternative way of formulating her question is: does one do a better job of predicting features of child language acquisition from knowing about the specific language being learned or from knowing about characteristics of all the world's languages? Suppose the language to be learned makes frequent use of a structure that is relatively rare in the world's languages, and thus presumably highly marked? Will the child learn the structure in question early because of its importance in the target language, or late because of its markedness?
On the optimality of the Wigner distribution for detection

A variety of methods have been proposed for the detection of a signal, with unknown signal parameters, in a noisy environment. In this paper, the noise statistics are incorporated to reveal that certain processing of the Wigner distribution (WD) signal representation can lead to an optimal, and often easy to compute, detection scheme. For the special case of linear FM signals in complex white Gaussian noise, it is shown that the optimal detector is equivalent to integrating the WD along the line of instantaneous frequency. If the position and sweep rate of the linear chirp are unknown, then a Generalized Likelihood Ratio Test (GLRT) leads one to integrate the WD along all possible lines in the time-frequency plane and choose the largest integrated value for comparison to a threshold. Simulation examples of the WD detection scheme are given to demonstrate the utility of the proposed method. Finally, some comments concerning the detection of the general phase modulated signal are offered.
Rank-one power weakly mixing non-singular transformations

We show that Chacon's non-singular type III _\lambda transformation T_\lambda , 0 , is power weakly mixing, i.e. for all sequences of non-zero integers \{k_{1},\dotsc,k_{r}\} , T_\lambda^{k_{1}}\times\dotsb\times T_\lambda^{k_{r}} is ergodic. We then show that in infinite measure, this condition is not implied by infinite ergodic index (having all finite Cartesian products ergodic), and that infinite ergodic index does not imply 2-recurrence.
Prolonged, intravenous paraquat infusion in the rat: I. Failure of coinfused putrescine to attenuate pulmonary paraquat uptake, paraquat-induced biochemical changes, or lung injury

Paraquat (PQ) was administered to rats for 7 days by iv infusion from osmotic minipump at dosage rates of 250 and 500 nmol PQ/hr. The efficacy of putrescine in attenuating pulmonary PQ accumulation in vivo and the resulting PQ-induced biochemical changes and lung injury were assessed in these animals by coinfusion of putrescine at rates of 2500 or 5000 nmol/hr. Dose-dependent, steady-state blood levels of both PQ and putrescine were achieved by 18 hr and maintained throughout the infusion period. Lung PQ content at 7 days was dose-dependent and up to 18-fold greater than corresponding blood levels. No evidence of toxicity was observed in low-dose PQ animals while weight loss and overt toxicity was observed in high-dose PQ rats between Days 4 and 5. Histopathological examination of high-dose PQ rat lungs revealed qualitative changes typical of PQ toxicity. Significant (p less than 0.05) increases in lung glutathione and activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase and GSSG reductase resulted from both PQ doses, reflecting PQ-induced oxidant stress and increased demand on lung NADPH. A net decrease in lung NADPH (p less than 0.05) was directly measured in high-dose PQ rats and may have contributed to the PQ-induced lung injury. Although putrescine is an effective inhibitor of pulmonary PQ uptake in vitro, the blood putrescine levels achieved in this study did not appear to inhibit this process in vivo. This was evidenced by putrescine's failure to decrease 7-day lung PQ content, PQ-induced biochemical changes, or lung injury.
LIFG-based attentional control and the resolution of lexical ambiguities in sentence context.

The role of attentional control in lexical ambiguity resolution was examined in two patients with damage to the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) and one control patient with non-LIFG damage. Experiment 1 confirmed that the LIFG patients had attentional control deficits compared to normal controls while the non-LIFG patient was relatively unimpaired. Experiment 2 showed that all three patients did as well as normal controls in using biasing sentence context to resolve lexical ambiguities involving balanced ambiguous words, but only the LIFG patients took an abnormally long time on lexical ambiguities that resolved toward a subordinate meaning of biased ambiguous words. Taken together, the results suggest that attentional control plays an important role in the resolution of certain lexical ambiguities – those that induce strong interference from context-inappropriate meanings (i.e., dominant meanings of biased ambiguous words).
Value of cytopathologist-performed ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration as a screening test for ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy in nonpalpable breast masses

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) of breast masses in the United States has been on the decline for the last decade and has been largely replaced by ultrasound-guided core-needle biopsy (UG-CNB). Some studies show core-needle biopsy (CNB) is superior to FNA in terms of absolute sensitivity, specificity, and inadequate rate. However, the importance of a skilled aspirator, experienced cytopathologist, and immediate cytological evaluation (ICE) in FNA is often not considered. CNB is more expensive, invasive, risky, and painful than FNA. This prospective study examines the value of cytopathologist-performed ultrasound-guided FNA (UG-FNA) with ICE as a screening test for cytopathologist-performed UG-CNB on nonpalpable or difficult-to-palpate solid breast masses visible on ultrasound. One hundred twenty consecutive nonpalpable or difficult-to-palpate presumably solid breast masses in 109 female patients from January2, 2008 to June 30, 2008 underwent cytopathologist-performed UG-FNA with ICE. Twenty cases were converted to cytopathologist-performed UG-CNB because ICE was inadequate, hypocellular, atypical, suspicious, or malignant. Patients with clearly benign cytology did not undergo UG-CNB. UG-FNA with ICE reduced the percentage of patients undergoing UG-CNB by 87%. A new role for cytopathologist-performed UG-FNA of nonpalpable breast masses has been identified.
Particle size effects in the adsorption dynamics of CO: The structure–activity relationship in the case of Cu/Zn–ZnO

Abstract We provide evidence for particle size effects and shed light on the structure–activity relationship for the Cu-on-ZnO(0 0 0 1) system. The energy transfer processes governing the adsorption of CO depend distinctly on the morphology of the metal-on-metal oxide system as evident by impact energy dependent variations in the shape of the coverage dependent adsorption probabilities.
Steeplechase in emergency medical care: cooling for cardiac arrest.

The great majority of patients who experience cardiac arrests expire after the event. Moreover, full neurological recovery occurs in only a small proportion of the survivors. Until recently no specific postarrest therapy was available to improve that outcome. Therapeutic cooling (32°C to 34°C for 12 to 24 hours) applied after cardiac arrest has been shown to improve this dismal situation. In 2002, two randomized clinical trials of mild therapeutic hypothermia applied to unconscious patients after successful resuscitation from cardiac arrest revealed that therapeutic cooling is capable of improving neurological outcome while reducing mortality.1,2 Both studies focused on an out-of-hospital population with ventricular-fibrillatory cardiac arrest and brief intervals to return of spontaneous circulation but remained comatose. These patients are considered the “sweetspot” population for a neuroprotective trial for this condition. Current International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation (ILCOR) guidelines reflect those inclusion criteria recommending that unconscious adult patients with spontaneous circulation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest should be cooled to 32°C to 34°C for 12 to 24 hours when their initial …
1999 Annual Selected Bibliography Mapping Asian America: Cyber-Searching the Bibliographic Universe

(1999). 1999 Annual Selected Bibliography Mapping Asian America: Cyber-Searching the Bibliographic Universe. Amerasia Journal: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 227-284.
Natural Hazards in Peru: Causation and Vulnerability

Abstract Peru is a land of contrasts, with natural hazards occurring in coastal deserts, high Andean mountains, and humid Amazon lowlands. Increasingly, however, population growth exposes more people to risks as cities spread and as land use must intensify. These social features interact with a heterogeneous distribution of seismic risks shaped by the way the Nazca plate subducts, causing earthquakes to occur throughout the mountains and on the coast, with active volcanoes in the south. Landscapes are shaped not only by catastrophic events such as landslides, but also by soil erosion and fluvial transport. In Peru, rains and floods during an El Nino year can rearrange surface features, in addition to destroying houses and infrastructure. Even if people perceive, recognize, and acknowledge the presence of risks from these natural hazards, they are often constrained in the way they can or will respond. Vulnerabilities in Peru to natural hazards are amplified by poverty and by a disconnection between what science can predict and what people will do.
Utilization of Expanded Criteria Donors in Liver Transplantation

Improvements in surgical techniques, immunosuppression, and post-transplantation patient care have led to the optimization of liver transplantation outcomes. However, the waiting list for liver transplantation is increasing at a greater pace. The large gap between the growing pool of patients waiting for liver transplantation and the scarcity of donor organs has fueled efforts to maximize existing donors and identify new sources. This article will be focused on the current state of liver transplantation using grafts from extended criteria donors (elderly donors, steatotic donors, donors with malignancies, donors with viral hepatitis) and from donation after cardiac death (DCD), as well as the use of partial grafts (split grafts and living-donor liver transplantation) and other suboptimal donors (donors with hypernatremia, infections, hypotension and inotropic support). Overall, broadened criteria for acceptable donor livers appear to lessen graft survival rates somewhat compared with rates for standard criteria organs.
Carbon Scaffolds for Stiff and Highly Conductive Monolithic Oxide–Carbon Nanotube Composites

The ultra low density, high electrical conductivity, and mechanical robustness of carbon nanotube aerogels (SWNT-CA) make them ideal scaffolds around which to create novel composites. Here we report on the synthesis and characterization of oxide/carbon nanotube composites fabricated through the sol–gel deposition of oxide coatings (SiO2, SnO2 or TiO2) on SWNT-CA. The porous network of the SWNT-CA scaffold is retained after the deposition and drying process. In each case, the deposited oxide appears to form a uniform coating on the surfaces of aerogel ligaments. The composite materials exhibit high electrical conductivity (∼100 S/m) and enhanced mechanical properties relative to the uncoated SWNT-CA support. In addition, the oxide/SWNT-CA composites possess high surface areas (as high as 742 m2/g) and large mesopore volumes (as high as 2.2 cm3/g). This approach offers viability in engineering new oxide/CNT composites for applications such as energy storage, sensing, and catalysis.
Characteristics of the Evidence: The Database of Psychiatric Hospital Detainees

Who is a dissident? For our purposes, any individual known to have participated in any of the activities or organizations listed below was identified as a political dissident or a nonconformist active religious believer. Note that dissident activities spanned many aspects of political activism, religious work and observance, political and religious communication, protest, and creation and dissemination of self-published (samizdat) dissident journals and other materials, as well as possession and circulation of materials published abroad (tamizdat). Unofficial or illegal organizations included human rights groups, trade unions, political fronts, cultural associations, and religious societies.
Learning Visually Guided Risk-Aware Reaching on a Robot Controlled by a GPU Spiking Neural Network

Risk-aware control is a new type of robust nonlinear stochastic controller in which state variables are represented by time-varying probability densities and the desired trajectory is replaced by a cost function that specifies both the goals of movement and the potential risks associated with deviations. Efficient implementation is possible using the theory of Stochastic Dynamic Operators (SDO), because for most physical systems the SDO operators are near-diagonal and can thus be implemented using distributed computation. I show such an implementation using 4.3 million spiking neurons simulated in real-time on a GPU. I demonstrate successful control of a commercial desktop robot for a visually-guided reaching task, and I show that the operators can be learned during repetitive practice using a recursive learning rule.
Pipeline Integrity Monitoring Using System Impulse Response

The impulse response function of a system can be used to predict, detect, and diagnose abnormality in the system. The impulse response function can be extracted indirectly using cross-correlations between a low amplitude pseudo-random binary disturbance and the system’s output. This method is applied to pipeline hydraulics as a means of integrity monitoring. The ability of the method to extract a pipeline’s impulse response function with the presence of data noise is demonstrated. Characteristic changes in the impulse response function as a result of a leak or a dent are identified. Examples show that the impulse response function can be used to detect and locate a leak. However, the impulse response is not sensitive to detect small to moderate-sized dents. The procedure of extracting the pipeline’s impulse response function by cross-correlations is noise-tolerant and can be conducted in the background without interfering pipeline operations.Copyright © 1996 by ASME
Viability of Carbon Capture and Sequestration Retrofits for Existing Coal-Fired Power Plants under an Emission Trading Scheme

Using data on the coal-fired electric generating units (EGUs) in Texas we assess the economic feasibility of retrofitting existing units with carbon capture and sequestration (CCS) in order to comply with the Clean Power Plan’s rate-based emission standards under an emission trading scheme. CCS with 90% capture is shown to be more economically attractive for a range of existing units than purchasing emission rate credits (ERCs) from a trading market at an average credit price above $28 per MWh under the final state standard and $35 per MWh under the final national standard. The breakeven ERC trading prices would decrease significantly if the captured CO2 were sold for use in enhanced oil recovery, making CCS retrofits viable at lower trading prices. The combination of ERC trading and CO2 use can greatly reinforce economic incentives and market demands for CCS and hence accelerate large-scale deployment, even under scenarios with high retrofit costs. Comparing the levelized costs of electricity generation ...
Synthesis and interconversions of reduced, alkali–metal supported iron–sulfur–carbonyl complexes

We report the synthesis, interconversions and X-ray structures of a set of [mFe–nS]-type carbonyl clusters (where S = S2−, S22− or RS−; m = 2–3; n = 1–2). All of the clusters have been identified and characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction, IR and 13C NMR. Reduction of the parent neutral dimer [μ2-(SPh)2Fe2(CO)6] (1) with KC8 affords an easily separable ∼1 : 1 mixture of the anionic, dimeric thiolate dimer K[Fe2(SPh)(CO)6(μ-CO)] (2) and the dianionic, sulfido trimer [K(benzo-15-crown-5)2]2[Fe3(μ3-S)(CO)9] (3). Oxidation of 2 with diphenyl-disulfide (Ph2S2) cleanly returns the starting material 1. The Ph–S bond in 1 can be cleaved to form sulfide trimer 3. Oxidation of sulfido trimer 3 with [Fc](PF6) in the presence of S8 cleanly affords the all-inorganic persulfide dimer [μ2-(S)2Fe2(CO)6] (4), a thermodynamically stable product. The inverse reactions to form 3 (dianion) from 4 (neutral) were not successful, and other products were obtained. For example, reduction of 4 with KC8 afforded the mixed valence Fe(I)/Fe(II) species [((FeI2S2)(CO)6)2FeII]2− (5), in which the two {Fe2S2(CO)6}2− units serve as bidendate ligands to a Fe(II) center. Another isolated product (THF insoluble portion) was recrystallized in MeCN to afford [K(benzo-15-crown-5)2]2[((Fe2S)(CO)6)2(μ-S)2] (6), in which a persulfide dianion bridges two {2Fe–S} moieties (dimer of dimers). Finally, to close the interconversion loop, we converted the persulfide dimer 4 into the thiolate dimer 1 by reduction with KC8 followed by reaction with the diphenyl iodonium salt [Ph2I](PF6), in modest yield. These reactions underscore the thermodynamic stability of the dimers 1 and 4, as well as the synthetic and crystallization versatility of using the crown/K+ counterion system for obtaining structural information on highly reduced iron–sulfur–carbonyl clusters.
Learning to classify observed motor behavior

We present a representational format for observed movements The representation has a temporal structure relating components of a single complex movement. We also present OXBOW, an unsupervised learning system, which constructs classes of these movements. Empirical results indicate that the system builds abstract movement concepts with appropriate component structure allowing it to predict the latter portions of a partially observed movement.
Parameters affecting mechanical and thermal responses in bone drilling: A review

Surgical bone drilling is performed variously to correct bone fractures, install prosthetics, or for therapeutic treatment. The primary concern in bone drilling is to extract donor bone sections and create receiving holes without damaging the bone tissue either mechanically or thermally. We review current results from experimental and theoretical studies to investigate the parameters related to such effects. This leads to a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical and thermal aspects of bone drilling to reduce their unwanted complications. This review examines the important bone-drilling parameters of bone structure, drill-bit geometry, operating conditions, and material evacuation, and considers the current techniques used in bone drilling. We then analyze the associated mechanical and thermal effects and their contributions to bone-drilling performance. In this review, we identify a favorable range for each parameter to reduce unwanted complications due to mechanical or thermal effects.
Adsorptive removal of methylene blue, tetracycline and Cr(VI) from water using sulfonated tea waste

Abstract Biomass-derived adsorbents are constantly explored for wastewater treatment due to significant advantages such as easy scale-up, cost-effectiveness and environmental-friendliness. Here we report the exceptionally high adsorption capability of sulfonated spent tea leaves towards environmental pollutants such as methylene blue, tetracycline and Cr(VI) is reported through this article. The carbonized form of organic biomass derived from sulfonated tea waste (STW) exhibited unusually high adsorption capacities for methylene blue (1007 mg/g), tetracycline (381 mg/g) and Cr(VI) (438 mg/g) at room temperature. The effect of dosage, time, pH and temperature on the adsorption was systematically investigated. The Cr-adsorbed STW samples were characterized using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, electron spin resonance spectroscopy, and Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES) and UV–Vis spectroscopy were used to analyze the water samples. A continuous-flow water filter was also developed based on the tea-waste adsorbent to demonstrate its ability to purify waste-water. Such high adsorption of pollutants using a cheaper adsorbent like STW makes it a viable material for commercial-scale water purification.
Renewing Medicine’s basic concepts: on ambiguity

Edmund Pellegrino lamented that the cultural climate of the industrialized West had called the fundamental means and ends of medicine into question, leading him to propose a renewed reflection on medicine’s basic concepts, including health, disease, and illness. My aim in this paper is take up Pellegrino’s call. I argue that in order to usher in this renewal, the concept of ambiguity should take on a guiding role in medical practice, both scientific and clinical. After laying out Pellegrino’s vision, I focus on the concept of normality, arguing that it undergirds modern medicine’s other basic concepts. I draw on critiques by scholars in disability studies that show the concept of normality to be instructively ambiguous. Discussing the cases of Deafness and body integrity identity disorder (BIID), I argue that if medicine is to uphold its epistemic authority and fulfill its melioristic goals, ambiguity should become a central medical concept. In this theoretical paper, I consider how central concepts in the philosophy of medicine are challenged by research on experiences of disability. In particular, the idea that medical knowledge produces universal truths is challenged and the importance of historical, cultural, and otherwise situated knowledge is highlighed. I demonstrate how experiences of disability complicate dominant theories in the philosophy of medicine and why medical practice and the philosophy of medicine should make ambiguity a central concept. If medical practitioners and philosophers of medicine wish to improve their understanding of the meaning and practice of medicine, they should take seriously the importance and centrality of ambiguity.
Evaluating Human Interaction with Automation in a Complex UCAV Control Station Simulation Using Multiple Performance Metrics

The dynamics and complexities of human–machine systems and the overwhelming amount of data that must be handled by human operators is making automation a critical factor in planning, decision-making, and in execution in many complex systems. Complex systems are characterized by uncertainty, ambiguity, ill-defined goals, dynamically changing conditions, distractions, and time pressures. A semi-autonomous system requiring significant human-centered design support are remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) such as unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), unmanned combat aerial vehicles (UCAVs), space maneuverable vehicles (SMVs), and unmanned emergency vehicles (UEVs). The objectives of this research are to (1) develop a simulation system that would allow investigation of human operator performance issues when supervising multiple UCAV vehicles, and (2) investigate human performance through the collection of multiple dependent measures. The simulation tool was designed to be adaptable to allow continued research on a variety of factors related to the control of autonomous vehicles. A research study using this simulation tool investigated the effects of automation and the number of UCAVs being controlled on operator performance during an identify and destroy mission. Results indicate that increasing the number of UCAVs significantly increased workload under LOW Automation and the increase in workload was reduced when HIGH Automation was introduced. This study showed that operators are able to control multiple UCAVs more effectively with appropriate automation.
Pelvic Trauma and the Pregnant Patient: a Review of Physiology, Treatment Risks, and Options

Pelvic trauma during pregnancy is an infrequent, but complex clinical scenario requiring immediate multidisciplinary care. This manuscript details epidemiology and pathophysiology, evaluation and treatment, as well as unique elements to the clinical scenario like radiation and anesthesia risks to the pregnant mother and fetus. The priority of a multidisciplinary treatment team should be directed toward the mother, as prompt treatment gives both the fetus and mother the best possibility for a good outcome. Radiation risks during diagnostic and therapeutic treatments can be minimized with the appropriate measures. Most anesthesia agents are considered safe in clinical practice. Orthopedic procedures must consider the morbidity of observation versus the risks of surgical intervention. Coordinated appropriate care will maximize the possibility of both the mother and fetus experiencing favorable results.
Ontology-Driven Information System for Supply Chain Management

Information system design for a supply chain with its complex organizational dynamics and operational uncertainty is a challenging task. The problem assumes greater significance due to the necessity of integrating largely distributed and diverse information system implementations. A framework to address these issues is proposed. Its implementation is a semantic application that is deployed on the Web and managed by agents. This chapter describes the usefulness of separating domain knowledge from information system solutions and developing models in the form of ontologies. An ontology-driven information system for supply chain management incorporating various forms of modeling in decision-making is described. Ontology is proposed as a separate component in information system architecture that effectively complements its three other constituents, viz., interface, management, and gathering. We demonstrate how ontology development is becoming a critical aspect of the information system design. The object-oriented system development life cycle is utilized for this purpose. The role of ontology in information system’s two temporal dimensions is demonstrated. At development time, ontology replaces the information system analysis completely and the design stage partly. At run time, ontology separates the domain knowledge from other components and delivers it to them upon request, thus ensuring the compatibility of information support with organizational dynamics, and its adaptability to the rapidly changing environment.
Rate of Development of Hallucal Interphalangeal Degenerative Joint Disease After First Metatarsophalangeal Joint Arthrodesis: A Retrospective Radiographic Analysis:

The development of hallux interphalangeal joint (IPJ) arthritis after an arthrodesis of the first metatarsophalangeal joint has been established in the literature. However, the significance has not been well reported. A retrospective, radiographic review of patients who had undergone a first metatarsophalangeal joint arthrodesis was performed. The Coughlin classification for degree of arthritic degeneration, hallux abductus angle, and hallux interphalangeus angle were measured in 107 radiographs of 103 patients preoperatively and postoperatively. Postoperative angles were measured immediately following surgery at approximately 6 weeks, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 24 months. We found that the hallux abductus angle had decreased in the patients postoperatively; however, the hallux abductus interphalangeus angle increased on average after first metatarsophalangeal fusion. The majority of patients started with a Coughlin classification I of the hallux IPJ, which remained unchanged over the postoperative period, with no statistically significant difference in IPJ degeneration in the patients with or without fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal joint. In addition, no patients had a symptomatic hallux IPJ postoperatively within our limited study period. Further prospective studies would be beneficial with longer follow-up times to assess IPJ degeneration following first metatarsophalangeal joint fusions. Levels of Evidence: Level III: Retrospective, comparative study.
Student-Guided Three-Dimensional Printing Activity in Large Lecture Courses: A Practical Guideline

Modern technology stimulates the development of innovative classroom activities. We designed a 3D printing activity in two separate Organic Chemistry lectures of at least 200 students each. This assignment required students to 3D print a molecule of their choice, relying on services made available through the university libraries. Data obtained through a survey at the end of the semester provided key information on the students’ experiences with printing 3D models for the first time. A summary of this feedback and constructive remarks on the best practices regarding 3D printing assignments in large lecture courses are presented.
A Decision Tree Using Patient Characteristics to Predict Resistance to Commonly Used Broad-Spectrum Antibiotics in Children With Gram-Negative Bloodstream Infections

Background As rates of multidrug-resistant gram-negative infections rise, it is critical to recognize children at high risk of bloodstream infections with organisms resistant to commonly used empiric broad-spectrum antibiotics. The objective of the current study was to develop a user-friendly clinical decision aid to predict the risk of resistance to commonly prescribed broad-spectrum empiric antibiotics for children with gram-negative bloodstream infections. Methods This was a longitudinal retrospective cohort study of children with gram-negative bacteria cared for at a tertiary care pediatric hospital from June 2009 to June 2015. The primary outcome was a bloodstream infection due to bacteria resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics (ie, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam, meropenem, or imipenem-cilastatin). Recursive partitioning was used to develop the decision tree. Results Of 689 episodes of gram-negative bloodstream infections included, 31% were resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics. The decision tree stratified patients into high- or low-risk groups based on prior carbapenem treatment, a previous culture with a broad-spectrum antibiotic resistant gram-negative organism in the preceding 6 months, intestinal transplantation, age ≥3 years, and ≥7 prior episodes of gram-negative bloodstream infections. The sensitivity for classifying high-risk patients was 46%, and the specificity was 91%. Conclusion A decision tree offers a novel approach to individualize patients' risk of gram-negative bloodstream infections resistant to broad-spectrum antibiotics, distinguishing children who may warrant even broader antibiotic therapy (eg, combination therapy, newer β-lactam agents) from those for whom standard empiric antibiotic therapy is appropriate. The constructed tree needs to be validated more widely before incorporation into clinical practice.
Automated Segmentation Measurements of the Outer Nuclear Layer in Determining Cases of Hydroxychloroquine Toxicity: A Retrospective Study:

Purpose:The purpose of this article is to investigate automated segmentation measurements of the outer nuclear layer to differentiate patients with hydroxychloroquine toxicity from healthy individu...
Disability Inclusion — Moving Beyond Mission Statements

Disability Inclusion Over the past decade, research institutions have embraced the importance of diversity and inclusion in the biomedical workforce. Yet people with all categories of disability re...
The foraging ecology of two species of Chihuahuan desert ants:Formica perpilosa andTrachyrmyrmex smithi neomexicanus (Hymenoptera Formicidae)

The foraging ecology of two ant species inhabiting the same area in the Chihuahuan desert was investigated by study of conditions and magnitude of forager activity, estimation of forager population numbers, determination of critical maximum and minimum temperatures, and observation of foraging behavior.
Nonexistence of arithmetic fake compact Hermitian symmetric spaces of type other than An (n≤4)

The quotient of a Hermitian symmetric space of non-compact type by a torsion-free cocompact arithmetic subgroup of the identity component of the group of isometries of the symmetric space is called an arithmetic fake compact Hermitian symmetric space if it has the same Betti numbers as the compact dual of the Hermitian symmetric space. This is a natural generalization of the notion of “fake projective planes” to higher dimensions. Study of arithmetic fake compact Hermitian symmetric spaces of type An with even n has been completed in [PY1], [PY2]. The results of this paper, combined with those of [PY2], imply that there does not exist any arithmetic fake compact Hermitian symmetric space of type other than An, n ≤ 4 (see Theorems 1 and 2 in the Introduction below and Theorem 2 of [PY2]). The proof involves the volume formula given in [P], the Bruhat-Tits theory of reductive p-adic groups, and delicate estimates of various number theoretic invariants.
Targeted DNA methylation of neurodegenerative disease genes via homology directed repair

DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are thought to be involved in the cellular response to DNA damage, thus linking DNA repair mechanisms with DNA methylation. In this study we present Homology Assisted Repair Dependent Epigenetic eNgineering (HARDEN), a novel method of targeted DNA methylation that utilizes endogenous DNA double strand break repair pathways. This method allows for stable targeted DNA methylation through the process of homology directed repair (HDR) via an in vitro methylated exogenous repair template. We demonstrate that HARDEN can be applied to the neurodegenerative disease genes C9orf72 and APP, and methylation can be induced via HDR with both single and double stranded methylated repair templates. HARDEN allows for higher targeted DNA methylation levels than a dCas9-DNMT3a fusion protein construct at C9orf72, and genome-wide methylation analysis reveals no significant off-target methylation changes when inducing methylation via HARDEN, whereas the dCas9-DNMT3a fusion construct causes global off-target methylation. HARDEN is applied to generate a patient derived iPSC model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (ALS/FTD) that recapitulates DNA methylation patterns seen in patients, demonstrating that DNA methylation of the 5' regulatory region directly reduces C9orf72 expression and increases histone H3K9 tri-methylation levels.
198 Comparison of invitro production of bison and cattle embryos and effect of L-carnitine during maturation of bison oocytes

Bison are an important species in North America, both economically and culturally. Although assisted reproductive technologies have been applied to preserve the genetic diversity of bison, development of these technologies remains limited for this species. The objective of the present study was to compare success rates of oocyte maturation, fertilization, and embryo development in vitro in bison versus cattle (experiment 1). Cumulus-oocyte complexes obtained from abattoir-derived cattle and bison ovaries were matured, fertilized with frozen semen, and cultured in vitro using standard procedures (De La Torre-Sanchez et al. 2006 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 18, 585-596). At least three replicates were repeated for each experimental group. Oocyte recovery rate was lower in bison than in cattle (4.3; 2797/699 vs. 6.7; 4138/677, oocyte/ovary; P 0.05) at 24 h p.i. but by 30 h p.i., this difference increased (33.7% vs. 67.0%, P < 0.01, chi-square). Cleavage (Day 3) and blastocyst (Day 7) rates were lower (P < 0.01, chi-square) for bison (58.2%; 280/481 and 14.6%; 70/481, respectively) than for cattle (90.8%; 405/446 and 22.9%; 102/446, respectively). Total cell number (74.9 ± 4.8 vs.114.2 ± 5.8), trophectoderm cell numbers (57.9 ± 4.6 vs. 89.2 ± 4.8) and inner cell mass cell numbers (16.9 ± 2.3 vs. 25 ± 1.9) as determined by Hoechst and propidium iodide were all lower (P < 0.01, t-test) in bison than in cattle blastocysts. To improve oocyte competence in bison, we evaluated effects of L-carnitine (LC) supplementation during IVM on developmental potential of bison oocytes (experiment 2). Cumulus-oocyte complexes were matured in IVM medium supplemented with 0, 0.15, 0.3, 0.6, or 1.2 mg mL−1 LC. No differences were observed in cleavage rates of control (0 mg mL−1 LC) and LC-treated groups (values ranged from 60.0 to 66.4%). Interestingly, a dose-dependent increase in blastocyst development was found with the lowest value recorded in control group (10.4%; 14/134) and the highest value in the 1.2 mg mL−1 LC supplemented group (22.2%; 23/105; P < 0.01, chi-square, n = 4). Adding 1.2 mg mL−1 LC to the IVM medium improved the percentage of hatching blastocysts compared with the control. In conclusion, bison oocytes exhibited lower in vitro maturation, fertilization, and developmental rates compared with cattle oocytes using our system, and bison embryos were delayed in the timing of first cleavage. L-Carnitine supplementation during IVM of bison oocytes improved the preimplantation development and quality of in vitro-produced blastocysts.
Role of circular RNAs in brain development and CNS diseases.

Abstract In mammals, many classes of noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are expressed at a much higher level in the brain than in other organs. Recent studies have identified a new class of ncRNAs called circular RNAs (circRNAs), which are produced by back-splicing and fusion of either exons, introns, or both exon-intron into covalently closed loops. The circRNAs are also highly enriched in the brain and increase continuously from the embryonic to the adult stage. Although the functional significance and mechanism of action of circRNAs are still being actively explored, they are thought to regulate the transcription of their host genes and sequestration of miRNAs and RNA binding proteins. Some circRNAs are also shown to have translation potential to form peptides. The expression and abundance of circRNAs seem to be spatiotemporally maintained in a normal brain. Altered expression of circRNAs is also thought to mediate several disorders, including brain-tumor growth, and acute and chronic neurodegenerative disorders by affecting mechanisms such as angiogenesis, neuronal plasticity, autophagy, apoptosis, and inflammation. This review discusses the involvement of various circRNAs in brain development and CNS diseases. A better understanding of the circRNA function will help to develop novel therapeutic strategies to treat CNS complications.
A backside-illuminated low-noise multispectral imager for near-infrared fluorescence image-guided surgery (Conference Presentation)

Near-infrared fluorescence image-guided surgery offers substantial benefits for both surgeons and patients, but high-performance near-infrared fluorescent molecular markers are not available for clinical application. To enable adoption of a wider variety of fluorescent markers, we have developed a single-chip snapshot multispectral imaging system that combines a scientific CMOS image sensor with high quantum efficiency (94%), low read noise (1.6 e-), and high dynamic range (91 dB) and pixelated interference filters that enable color/near-infrared imaging without co-registration error The fully integrated imaging system is currently being evaluated for tumor detection with targeted probes and sentinel lymph node detection with indocyanine green.
Analytic and geometric properties of scattering from periodically modulated quantum-optical systems

We study the scattering of photons from periodically modulated quantum-optical systems. For excitation-number-conserving quantum-optical systems, we connect the analytic structure of the frequency-domain $N$-photon scattering matrix of the system to the Floquet decomposition of its effective Hamiltonian. Furthermore, it is shown that the first-order contribution to the transmission or equal-time $N$-photon correlation spectrum with respect to the modulation frequency is completely geometric in nature, i.e., it depends only on the Hamiltonian trajectory and not on the precise nature of the modulation being applied.
La Psicología Ambiental-Comunitaria en el Estudio de los Desastres: La Importancia de los Vínculos Socioespaciales

The psychosocial literature in contexts of socio-natural disasters has mainly focused on the study of the psychological consequences for the people affected, paying less attention to psycho-socioenvironmental factors. In this article, we aim to highlight the relevance of community environmental psychology for analyzing both the subjective aspects of people-place relationships and the community relations of the towns hit by disasters. To do this, we present a conceptual framework community psychology and environmental psychology categories which are relevant for studying what we call socio-spatial links in socio-natural disaster situations. This perspective is illustrated by presenting the results of a study carried out with a mixed methodology, which describes how these links emerge in people who have lived in communities affected by earthquakes, a tsunami, and a volcanic eruption in 4 Chilean towns. Responses to the scales of place attachment, place identity, residential satisfaction, sense of community, and civic participation were analyzed in a non-probability (convenience) sample (n = 628), along with reports of 17 focus groups (n = 117) on the constructed meanings of public space. It is concluded that the articulation of environmental and community psychology broadens our understanding of elements of power and dispute in the territory, while also making psychosocial flaws visible in post-disaster reconstruction solutions.
The pressing questions in multiple sclerosis Care in the era of COVID-19.

• MS patients should continue their disease modifying therapy during the pandemic. • Newly diagnosed patients should start disease modifying therapy without delay. • The effect on COVID-19 infection and future vaccination should be considered. • Agents that cause prolonged non-selective lymphopenia are not preferred. • Only severe relapses should be treated preferably with oral steroids at home.