cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
As Certain as Death: A Fifty-State Survey of State and Local Tax Laws

This book surveys the most important details of income, property, general and selective sales, corporate income and other taxes for each of the fifty states. The book also discusses how the tax burden is allocated among the poor, middle classes and wealthy. It provides a picture of each state's tax and revenue sources, public school funding, and other characteristics, including population, race, religious affiliation, family income and poverty statistics, and major industries. In addition to providing a reasonable level of detail that reveals the state's strengths and weaknesses, the five categories presenting these details foster meaningful comparisons between the states. This book is an important tool for evaluating state policies from a fairness perspective; it will also be helpful to educators and others in private, government and academic sectors who are interested in business, investment, multi-jurisdictional, and education issues, as well as geographical trends addressing population, race, religion and poverty. Click here to download the foreword and methodology.
Effects of Intravenous Administration of Fat Emulsions and Their Emulsifying Agents

It was observed in this laboratory that intravenous infusions of a cottonseed oil emulsion containing soybean phosphatides and Pluronic1 as emulsifying agents lowered the abnormally high serum lipid levels of patients with idiopathic hyperlipemia and primary hypercholesteremic xanthomatosis (1). It was then found that a single infusion of this emulsion given to fasting human subjects or dogs caused an increase in the speed of electrophoretic migration of both the alpha and beta lipoproteins of the serum (2). Further studies of the effects of intravenous administrations of cottonseed oil emulsion and its emulsifying agents on the serum of dogs are presented in this preliminary report.
Revisiting the Philosophy of Horror

_Film and Philosophy_ Special Edition on Horror, 2000 Edited by Daniel Shaw ISSN 1073-0427 142 pp.
Numerical study of particle motion in two waves

We are studying the dynamical system described by the Hamiltonian H = H0 + ɛV, where $$H_0 = \raise.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-.1em/\kern-.15em\lower.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$} p^2 - \cos x, V = - cos (\lambda x - \Omega t).$$ We have encountered this system in a number of problems of practical importance. In addition, the system has intrinsic interest for the theory of adiabaticity and stochasticity. The invariant action J of the unperturbed Hamiltonian H0 is subject to strong modification or destruction because of the perturbation ɛV. Absence of an invariant (i.e., stochasticity) occurs in a phase space region whose size and shape vary with the three parameters ɛ, λ, Ω. Previous studies have varied the amplitude of a perturbation (our ɛ); we emphasize here the strong dependences on the space (λ) and time (Ω) scales of the perturbation. Our results show that a perturbation is most effective at causing stochastic motion if its space and time scales are comparable (λ∼1, Ω∼1) to those in the unperturbed Hamiltonian H0.
Simulations of direct-current air glow discharge at pressures ∼1 Torr: Discharge model validation

Computational simulations of air glow discharge phenomena in the pressure range typical of plasma actuator applications for high speed flow control are presented. The model is based on a self-consistent, multispecies, and multitemperature continuum description of the plasma. A reduced air plasma model suitable for multidimensional simulations with 11 species and 21 gas phase chemical reactions is validated against experimental results in the literature. The discharge model predicts experimentally observed glow mode discharge operation, the current-voltage characteristics of the discharge, and spatial profiles of the electron temperature and positive ion number densities. For pressures of order 1 Torr, O2+ and N2+ are the dominant positive ion species in the discharge, and the concentration of O− negative ion is comparable to electron concentration. The two-dimensional structure of the discharge is predicted by the model is found to be in agreement with qualitative observations from the experiments.
A Case Study of Drama Education Curriculum for Young Children in Early Childhood Programs.

Abstract This is a case study of drama education curriculum for young children taught by a drama specialist. Specifically, to understand unique drama teaching practices employed by a drama specialist, 9-week-long drama programs for one kindergarten and two 1st-grade classes were observed and the drama specialist was interviewed. Regular classroom activities taught by the classroom teachers were also observed to understand drama taught by the non-specialists. The findings indicate that the drama specialist's curriculum highlights specialized drama knowledge and techniques that the classroom teachers do not address in their drama activities. Within a well-defined structure of a lesson composed of warm-up, main activity, and ending segments, children's kinesthetic exploration and representation, as well as expressivity, are emphasized. How the drama specialist's teaching content and methods contribute to children's learning and what is needed for staff development to improve drama education are discussed.
Progress in the treatment of adolescents with acute lymphoblastic leukemia.

Background and Methods. The authors studied the clinical and biologic features and treatment response of 358 children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), including 90 adolescents, treated on a single multiagent protocol (St. Jude Total Study XI, 1984-1988). This was done to clarify whether the disease differed in adolescents and to determine the degree of improvement in treatment outcome produced by this modern intense chemotherapy. Results. Compared with the younger children (1-9 years of age; infants 1 year old or younger excluded; n=257), adolescents (10-18 years of age; n=90) were siggnifincantly more likely to have adverse prognostic features, including T-cell phenotype, L2 blast cell morphologic characteristics, blasts with negative findings for common ALL antigen, and ploidy other than hyperdiploy greater than 50
Why the Con Hasn't Been Taken Out of Econometrics

Economists often decry the perceived tendency towards selective reporting of empirical results (“specification search”) in scholarly work. Yet, economists have largely neglected to analyze the incentive structures underlying this phenomenon of econometric “cons”. This paper endeavors to provide this analysis, posing a game-theoretic model of specification search. In this three-player game (author, journal, and profession), academic authors choose whether to report the “true” t-statistic associated with an empirical result, or whether to “con” by reporting a distorted t-statistic. Subsequently, both journal and profession must choose whether to bear the cost of “scrutinizing” the author's work (e.g., by reanalyzing his data). Multiple perfect Bayesian equilibria are found, including one where authors “con” and arc not detected, an equilibrium which may be Kaldor–Hicks efficient. Moreover, public and private mechanisms (existing or proposed) to curtail “conning” seem ineffectual.
Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases as targets for antibiotic development

Aminoacyl tRNA synthetases represent drug targets against which numerous small molecule natural products are available for further development into useful antibiotics. An understanding of the chemical properties, characterization of mode of action, and the elucidation of biosynthetic mechanisms for these molecules is necessary for the design of derivatives with enhanced pharmacological properties. Despite the ubiquity of small molecule natural products that inhibit tRNA synthetases, only a very small number of these compounds have been approved for clinical use. Here, we focus our discussion on tRNA synthetase inhibitor molecules of three different chemical classes, namely those derived from polyketide precursors, those that occur as phosphoramidate conjugates, and promising synthetic molecules with a mode of action that is distinct from molecules of the first two classes. Also discussed are the factors that undermine the broad-based use of some of these molecules as effective antibiotics in humans and strategies that may aid in directing the development of derivatives with improved pharmacological properties.
QTL mapping with discordant and concordant sibling pairs: new statistics and new design strategies.

The term “extreme discordant and concordant” (EDAC) sampling has been used to describe a variety of strategies for quantitative trait locus mapping using sibling pairs sampled from the corners of the bivariate trait distribution. The principle of the design is to gain efficiency by genotyping only the most informative of the available sibling pairs. EDAC-type designs have been studied in a number of papers, and have been applied in a few others. This literature is somewhat out of date, however, because there are many new statistics that are appropriate for EDAC data. With newer statistics, the power of EDAC designs can be improved. Moreover, the relative power of different designs must be re-evaluated, because the newer statistics improve the power of some designs more than others. That is, there is a circular relationship between design and statistic choices. In this report, we review a number of available design and statistic choices for EDAC studies, and use simulation to show what statistics are most powerful for each design. We then use those more powerful statistics to suggest strategies for making design choices among various EDAC and non-EDAC designs that use sibling pairs. We find that when genotyping must be minimized, an EDAC design with predominantly discordant pairs is the best choice, and when a balance of genotyping and phenotyping effort must be achieved, single proband ascertainment can do better. We also show that moderately selected samples (as opposed to very extreme samples) can be an efficient choice for many studies. Genet. Epidemiol. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Asymptotically optimal approximation in fractional Sobolev spaces and the numerical solution of differential equations

We study two extremal problems in fractional Sobolev spaces which were motivated by the consideration of optimal finite difference methods for approximating the solution of a well posed Cauchy problem for linear partial differential equations. The limiting forms as the mesh increment tends to zero of the solutions of the extremal problem are shown to be generalized spline functions. Computations illustrating the effectiveness of these generalized spline functions are included.
Fiber fracture in reinforced thermoplastic processing

The length reduction of reinforcing fibers in short-fiber reinforced plastics during processing has been studied experimentally. It has been shown that fiber volume fraction, initial length, and initial state of dispersion have little effect on the final fiber length. In dilute suspension theory based on shearing flow conditions and fiber properties the flow stresses are found to be compatible with the experimental results and results which are found in the literature.
Atlantic Hurricane Season of 1987

Abstract The general overview of the 1987 hurricane season in the North Atlantic is presented together with detailed accounts of all named storms. In addition, an unnamed tropical storm and a tropical depression that required watches and/or warnings on the U.S. coastline are discussed.
Mechanics and chemistry of solids in sliding contact

Wear behavior of coated surfaces has been studied extensively over the past 20 years. Although the behavior can be discussed in terms of classical models, it is described more completely using third-body concepts. These concepts consider the processes that take place at a moving interface : deformation and particle detachment, third-body formation and kinematics, and particle ejection. Tribological and analytical studies of several practical surface treatments, including TiN hard coatings and MoS2 lubricant coatings, will be presented to illustrate the influence of third bodies on friction and wear behavior. More fundamental aspects of solid lubrication have also been studied in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber using gases to lubricate well-characterized surfaces. These studies indicate how third bodies form, how they influence friction and wear, and why some surface treatments are better than others. They also point to the need for better understanding of (1) the physical protection afforded by surface films, (2) tribochemical processes, and (3) chemical and mechanical properties of third bodies.
Eddy Formation and Turbulence in Flowing Liquids

The birefringent properties of a colloidal solution of white Hector bentonite were used as a means of studying the development of flow patterns in transparent models. The liquid had approximately the same viscosity as blood; flow rates were within the physiological range; and some of the flow channels were shaped to resemble portions of the cardiovascular system. The light patterns produced by laminar flow were distinct from those of eddy formation and turbulence. Turbulent flow developed downstream from a constriction, where the velocities of the entering jet were much below the so-called critical Reynolds number. The same flow pattern was observed in a model of aortic stenosis. Also displayed was the flow pattern as it might develop in vivo during midsystole when the semilunar valves are widely opened. Eddies originating from the edges of the valves, the flow around the aortic arch and the effects of the openings of the branches all contributed to a complex turbulent pattern. Eddy formation and turbulence can be produced at low velocities when unsteady flow and sudden changes in diameter occur. This technique is useful in the study of changes in flow pattern under different physiological or pathological conditions. Observations from these models indicate that a more detailed analysis of flow conditions is both possible and worthwhile.
Stiffening Mechanisms of Asphalt–Aggregate Mixtures: From Binder to Mixture

Hot-mix asphalt (HMA) is a particulate composite of mineral aggregates and asphalt binder in which the aggregate particles reinforce the soft asphalt binder phase, as evidenced by the several orders of magnitude of difference in the stiffness of HMA compared with the binder. To develop a mechanistic way of predicting the stiffness of HMAs, an experimentally constructed database of the stiffness evolution, as the volume concentration of the aggregate particles progressively increases (from asphalt binder to coarse HMA mixture), is essential. In this study, a unique database of the complex modulus (E*) was collected with a hollow cylinder tensile test device; asphalt-aggregate mixtures with varying volume concentrations of aggregate particles were tested over a range of temperatures and loading frequencies. The complex modulus master curve data for these mixtures were then compared with micromechanical model predictions, on the basis of a differential scheme effective medium theory that is known to capture ...
Implant surgery: the management of soft tissues.

Abstract Soft tissue healing plays a significant role in determining the outcome of implant and other osseous surgery. A variety of methods is required to accomplish primary soft tissue closure. Th...
Activation of methane with organopalladium complexes

Abstract Selective, direct oxidation of methane to methanol is a process of scientific interest and industrial importance. Reports have appeared in the literature describing the use of organometallic complexes to effect this transformation [1–5]. Investigation of one of these reaction schemes in our laboratory has produced interesting results. Our research effort was an extension of work reported by Sen et al. [3]. The reported reaction occurs between methane (at 800 psig 5.52 MPa) and palladium(II) acetate in trifluoroacetic acid at 80°C (Eq. (1)). The product, methyl trifluoroacetate, is readily hydrolyzed to produce methanol and trifluoroacetic acid. It is reported that methyl trifluoroacetate is produced with reported conversions, calculated on palladium metal recovery, of ∼ 60 percent. CH 4 + Pd(O 2 CCH 3 ) 2 → 80° C , 800 PSIG CF 3 COOH CF 3 CO 2 CH 3 + Pd .
The impact of asset-tested college financial aid on household savings

Abstract Federal college financial aid imposes an implicit tax on asset accumulation, which reduces the incentive for families to save. Prior literature has found evidence of large reductions in asset accumulation as a result. This paper finds that these conclusions are over-estimated and are sensitive to the assumptions used in estimating the implicit tax rate. Additionally, the 1992 exemption of home equity and other changes in federal policy have substantially eliminated the savings disincentive for many families. Thus, the results of studies that examined families prior to the 1992 changes cannot be applied to the current program.
Investigation of amorphous Ni0.60Nb0.40 diffusion barriers

Interactions of Ni0.60Nb0.40 amorphous alloys with polycrystalline overlayers of gold and copper and single-crystal substrates of silicon. GaAs and GaP were observed with Auger depth profiling. The Ni-Nb layer was deposited by r.f. sputtering and was approximately 5000 A thick. The overlayers were evaporated to a thickness of 1000 A. The amorphous metal reacted with the gold overlayers and the GaAs and GaP substrates at temperatures well below the nominal crystallization temperature of 650 °C. The Cu/Ni-Nb/Si system, in contrast, was stable at 600 °C for at least 1 h. Samples were also measured that had been contaminated with approximately 5–10 at.% O. Complete separation of the niobium and nickel into distinct layers was seen. For the samples on silicon substrates this separation was accompanied by the formation of a nickel silicide layer.
Functionalization of single-walled carbon nanotubes with N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine and its cobalt complex

The reaction of N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine with fluorinated carbon nanotubes (F-CNT) produced the corresponding aminoalkylalkoxysilane functionalized carbon nanotubes. Cobalt salt is then complexed to this functionalized carbon nanotubes by the addition of cobalt chloride to form cobalt complexed nanocomposite in high yield. This composite and precursors were characterized by using Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), energy dispersive spectral (EDS) and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The nanoparticulate metal complexes of functionalized carbon nanotubes generate new nanostructure with several practical applications. The reaction of N-[3-(trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylenediamine with cobalt (II) chloride salt afford the cobalt complex nanoparticles, with particle sizes less than 10 nm.
Tornado Preparedness of Students, Nonstudent Renters, and Nonstudent Owners: Issues of PrE Theory1

Previous research has indicated that certain characteristics appear to affect the extent to which populations prepare for natural hazards. In an effort to investigate the effects of the mechanisms of PrE theory on the relationship between population characteristics and preparedness actions, relevant data were assessed for 3 separate population types. Results indicated that homeowners were more prepared for tornadoes than were renters, who in turn were more prepared for tornadoes than were students. Furthermore. homeowners appraised their preparedness resources as greater than the perceived threat of a tornado. and felt more responsible for preparing for tornadoes than did renters; who in turn appraised their preparedness resources as greater than the perceived threat of a tornado, and felt more responsible for preparing for tornadoes than did students.
Production of interferon-β upon induction with polyinosinic acid:polycytidylic acid during the cell cycle of human fibroblasts

Abstract The production of interferon-β was examined at various stages of the cell cycle in synchronized and unsynchronized cell populations induced by poly(I):poly(C). Human fibroblasts were synchronized with mitotic detachment and, at different stages of the cell cycle, poly(I):poly(C) was added for induction of interferon-β. One hour after induction, cell-free medium was collected and assayed for secreted interferon-β. The cells were then fixed and stained with a DNA-specific fluorochrome, 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI), for cell cycle analysis by microfluorometry. The data indicated that interferon-β was produced in every stage examined of the cell cycle. In addition, the level of intracellular interferon-β was quantitatively measured in single cells of an unsynchronized cell population using a specific antibody. In the same individual cell, DAPI fluorescence intensity was measured for determination of the cell cycle position. The results show that interferon-β protein can be detected throughout the cell cycle.
SPIN WAVES IN CSVBR3

Abstract Inelastic neutron scattering has been used to measure spin wave excitations in the quasi-one-dimensional S = 3 2 magnetic material CsVBr3. Dispersion relations were determined using standard triple-axis methods. Fits to linear spin wave theory yield model Hamiltonian parameters describing magnetic interactions in the system.
Derivative domain fitting: a new method for resolving a mixture of normal distributions in the presence of a contaminating background.

Derivative domain least squares analysis is a new method for resolving multiple peaks superimposed on a slowly varying continuum into separate normal (Gaussian) distributions without developing a functional approximation for the continuum. The method is based on fitting the first derivative of the data with the first derivative of the sum of a series of normal distributions. A functional approximation for the continuum is not necessary as long as the first derivative of the continuum is approximately zero (i.e., the continuum varies slowly compared to the normal distributions). 8 refs., 9 figs., 4 tabs.
Palaeontology: Gritting their teeth

A comparison of the wearing effect of plant-derived silica and desert dust on tooth enamel suggests that extreme wear on teeth might not be caused by food. The findings may change some thoughts about the diets of human ancestors.
Medication adherence to multidrug regimens.

Polypharmacy and medication adherence present a unique challenge for the older adult, their caregiver(s), and the health care team. There appears to be an association in the literature between polypharmacy and poorer medication adherence in older adults. However, the heterogeneity of how adherence is defined in the literature limits the certainty of this conclusion. Nonetheless, improving medication adherence to maximize the therapeutic benefit of pharmacotherapy remains a cornerstone of geriatric care. We discuss strategies for limiting polypharmacy and improving adherence and suggest ideas for future research focused on identifying and translating safe and effective interventions to improve adherence into routine clinical practice.
Mechanism of poisoning of the V2O5/TiO2 catalyst for the reduction of NO by NH3

Alkali metals are among the strongest poisons to the V2O5/TiO2 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO by NH3. The strength of the poison is directly related to its basicity. SO2, in contrast, promotes the activity. The chemisorbed NH3 on the catalyst is predominantly NH4+, bonded to the Bronsted acid site of VOH. A direct correlation exists between the amount of chemisorbed ammonia and the activity of the poison-doped catalyst. Furthermore, dehydroxylation of the catalyst by heat treatment eliminates its activity, which is restored rapidly by exposure to water vapor. Extended Huckel molecular orbital (EHMO) calculation was performed on a model V2O5/TiO2 surface. The extraction energy for proton from the VOH group and the net charge of H in the VOH group are used as indices for Bronsted acidity. The EHMO results show decreases in the Bronsted acidity by the addition of alkali metals, and the order of the decrease follows the order of the basicity of the alkali metal. SO2, in contrast, increases the Bronsted acidity. These results indicate that the Bronsted acid sites are the active sites for the reaction. Alkali metals poison the catalyst by decreasing its Bronsted acidity. SO2 promotes the activity by increasing the Bronsted acidity.
Regulating Investment Attraction: Canada's Code of Conduct on Incentives in a Comparative Context

In 1994's Agreement on Internal Trade, Canada's governments included a Code of Conduct on Incentives, which banned provincial subsidies to induce the relocation of existing facilities from one province to another. Based on interviews with federal officials, economic development consultants, and investment attraction and internal trade officials in all ten provinces, this article finds that the incidence of poaching and the size of relocated facilities have declined; however, significant instances of poaching remain. Moreover, the evidence suggests that the positive outcomes are more due to changes in provincial governments than any effect of the code.
Consumer demographics and geographics: Determinants of retail success for online auctions

This study investigates transactions of two eBay sellers of consumer goods to determine if certain demographics and geographics related to individual American consumers can be utilised to predict retail sales and the average value of those sales. The average value of each sale is equivalent to the sum of the amount bid for each item and the shipping cost for that item. A sample of 753 transactions of these two eBay retailers was analysed. The significant variables include consumer gender, whether the consumer lives in a rural or urban area and the region in the US in which the consumer resides. The implications of these results are significant to both eBay retailers and scholars alike as this study presents findings that bring us nearer to understanding consumer internet buying behaviour.
Ultrafast density-and-temperature-dependent carrier dynamics in a quantum dots-in-a-well heterostructure

The incorporation of semiconductor quantum dots into different heterostructures for applications in nanoscale photodetection, lasing and amplification has been an active area of research in recent years. Here, we use ultrafast differential transmission spectroscopy to temporally and spectrally resolve density-and-temperature-dependent carrier dynamics in an InAs/InGaAs quantum dots-in-a-well (DWELL) heterostructure. In our experiments, electron-hole pairs are optically injected into the three dimensional GaAs barriers, after which we monitor carrier relaxation into the two dimensional InGaAs quantum wells and the zero dimensional InAs quantum dots by tuning the probe photon energy. We find that for low photoinjected carrier densities, carrier capture and relaxation are dominated by Auger carrier-carrier scattering at low temperatures, with thermal emission playing an increasing role with temperature. At low temperatures we also observe excitation-dependent shifts of the quantum dot energy levels. In contrast, high density measurements reveal an anomalous induced absorption at the quantum dot excited state that is correlated with quantum well population dynamics. Our experiments provide essential insight into carrier relaxation across multiple spatial dimensions and reveal unique Coulomb interaction-induced phenomena, with important implications for DWELL-based lasers and amplifiers.
HPLC Method for Detection of Ergotamine, Ergosine, and Ergine after Intravenous Injection of a Single Dose

A simple, rapid method of liquid solid extraction coupled with a sensitive HPLC procedure with fluorescence detection to measure ergot alkaloid levels in bovine blood samples is presented. Single injections of either ergosine, ergotamine, or ergine were given to Holstein steer calves (140 kg), and serum concentrations of the ergot alkaloids were monitored over a 2-h period. Serum samples were loaded on a Bond Elut (100 mg) C18 column that had been washed with methanol and distilled water. Ergot alkaloids were then eluted with methanol and analyzed by HPLC. Recovery of ergosine, when added to serum at concentrations of 0.5−24.0 ng/mL, ranged from 95 to 98%. The data fit previous reports of three phases in elimination of drug. The method reported has excellent repeatability, a detection limit of 0.5 ng/mL, and provides an alternative to quantitate ergosine, ergotamine, and ergine in bovine blood samples at therapeutic dosages. Keywords: Ergosine; ergotamine; ergine; blood; assay; HPLC
The ion and thermal electron conventions applied to free energies of ionization and electron attachment

Abstract Two thermochemical conventions are in common use for the electron in ionization and electron attachment processes. The thermal electron convention (TC) treats the electron as a chemical element, whereas the ion convention (IC), or stationary electron convention, treats the electron as a subatomic particle. Expressions are derived here for free energies of ionization as a function of temperature in each convention, and the differences between IC and TC values are discussed with reference to some simple systems (H 0/+ , SO 0/t- 2 ). It is found that the two conventions yield the same free energy values at about 297 K.
Mapping Mechanical Properties on the nanoscale using Atomic-Force Acoustic Microscopy

Tools are being developed that use the atomic-force microscope (AFM) to measure mechanical properties with nanoscale spatial resolution. Contact-resonance-spectroscopy techniques such as atomic-force acoustic microscopy involve the vibrational modes of the AFM cantilever when its tip is in contact with a material. These methods enable quantitative maps of local mechanical properties such as elastic modulus and thin-film adhesion. The information obtained furthers the understanding of patterned surfaces, thin films, and nanoscale structures.
Prayer as Interpersonal Coping in the Lives of Mothers with HIV

Abstract The spirituality of 22 mothers diagnosed with HIV was explored through face-to-face interviews and revealed that 95% of the mothers pray. Active prayers (e.g., talking to God by adoring, thanking, confessing, and supplicating) were more frequently reported than receptive prayers (e.g., quietly listening to God, being open, surrendering). Supplicatory or petitionary prayers for help and health were the most frequent type of prayer, and adoration was the least frequent. The majority of mothers in the sample perceived prayer as a positive coping mechanism associated with outcomes such as: support, positive attitude/affect, and peace. Overall, results supported expanding the boundary conditions of the interpersonal coping component of the Social Interaction Model (Derlega & Barbee, 1998) to include the spiritual dimension of prayer.
Writing in Korean, Living in the U.S A Screenplay About a Bilingual Boy and His Mom

The author uses a screenplay form of experimental writing to enhance the sensory richness of her bilingual data. The author takes her academic prose' and transforms it, using multilayered scenes to better portray both her and bilingual son's voices. Voices often squeak with conflict resulting mainly from differences in people's linguistic/cultural understandings. As Orwell observed, people remain ignorant of their surroundings even when the evidence is staring them in the face; in this way, the author describes how she was unable to recognize her son's bilingual/cultural dilemma until she stopped evaluating him through a monolingual lens. In this piece, the author takes readers on a journey into the everyday world of parent―child interactions. Using the genre of screenplay contributes to the emerging construction of new traditions in scholarly writing with bilingual data, and promotes the decolonization of bilingual research from the standard monolingual/cultural perspective.
Variation and repeatability of ultrasonic sexual advertisement signals in Achroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)

MaleAchroia grisella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) produce ultrasonic advertisement signals for pair formation. The signals are generated by wing-fanning and consist of pairs of approximately 100-µs pulses of 70- to 130-kHz sound. In a previous study, playback experiments showed that femaleA. grisella preferred signals whose pulses were louder, longer, and delivered at a higher rate and included longer silent (asynchrony) intervals within pairs. To understand the variation and repeatability of these signal characters, acoustic signals of 18A. grisella males were recorded twice daily on the first 4 days and the seventh day after adult eclosion. ANOVA and MANOVA revealed significant among-individual and among-age variation for all signal characters. Peak amplitude, average amplitude, rate, and pulse length peaked 2–3 days after eclosion and then decreased. Asynchrony interval, however, continued to increase as males aged. Repeatabilities of peak amplitude, average amplitude, rate, and asynchrony interval were all relatively high (>0.5).
Mean structure of the inshore countercurrent and California undercurrent off Point Sur, California

Abstract Velocity and hydrographic data collected in the upper kilometer of the water column on 19 bi-monthly cruises along a 225 km section off Point Sur, California, from April 1988 to April 1991 are used to describe the mean conditions. The transition between the poleward flowing inshore countercurrents and the equatorward flowing California Current occurred about 100 km from the coast. The magnitude of the vertically averaged flow associated with the core of the inshore flow was 4.2 cm s−1, and its direction, 310°T, was parallel to the topography south of Pt Sur. Maximum flow, 10 cm s−1, was observed at 100 m next to the coast. The associated volume and heat fluxes were 2.9 Sv and 0.6×1014 W.
Convergence in distribution of point processes on Polish spaces to a simple limit

Abstract Let ξ , ξ 1 , ξ 2 , … be a sequence of point processes on a complete and separable metric space ( S , d ) with ξ simple. We assume that P { ξ n B = 0 } → P { ξ B = 0 } and lim sup n → ∞ P { ξ n B > 1 } ≤ P { ξ B > 1 } for all B in some suitable class B , and show that this assumption determines if the sequence { ξ n } converges in distribution to ξ . This is an extension to general Polish spaces of the weak convergence theory for point processes on locally compact Polish spaces found in Kallenberg (1996) .
Ireland's innovative governmental policies promoting internationalisation

Abstract The importance of innovation is reflected in the policy strategies that have been adopted by countries that have gained competitive advantage over the last two decades. In today's competitive global economy, Ireland has been acknowledged for its governmental policies and policy dynamics that have created a competitive market site for FDI. These policies have been based on continual policy innovation. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the governmental policies and policy dynamics within the Irish context of internationalisation. From this analysis a model of government influence on FDI in Ireland is developed. The main conclusions are that the success of the Irish model of internationalisation can be attributed to its innovative character. If Ireland's success is to extend into the future, it will have to continue to pursue innovation in the approach it adopts to internationalisation.
The Role of NGF and Afferent Denervation in the Process of Sympathetic Fiber Ingrowth into the Hippocampal Formation

Nerve growth factor (NGF) has been postulated to play an important role in the process of sympathetic sprouting into the septally deafferented hippocampal formation. In the current investigation we have used transplants of NGF-dependent neonatal superior cervical ganglion (SCG) neurons to investigate the influence of NGF and septal denervation (either alone or in combination with one another) upon neuronal survival and intrahippocampal sprouting. In the current model, SCG transplants were placed onto the dorsal surface of the CA1 hippocampal subfield and a continuous infusion device was used to deliver either NGF or vehicle into the hippocampal parenchyma. Following 15 days of vehicle infusion, little or no sympathetic neuronal survival was observed and no hippocampal fiber outgrowth was detected. NGF infusions, however, promoted both neuronal survival and intrahippocampal fiber outgrowth directed mainly toward the location of the infusion cannula. Septal denervation, achieved by either a septal ablation or fimbria-fornix transection, had no discernible impact upon SCG neuronal survival or fiber outgrowth, with or without NGF infusions. Similar results were also obtained when SCG were transplanted directly within the cortex, with or without an intracortical infusion. It appears, therefore, that NGF may be a sufficient, as well as necessary, component for eliciting and guiding the invasion of a tissue by NGF-sensitive fibers.
The external ear, mandible and other components of hemifacial microsomia.

Summary This report is based on an analysis of 100 patients with the unilateral form of HFM, in which the patients presented no other known craniofacial or extracranial malformations. The analysis was based on a three level gradation of severity of the external ear and the mandible, resulting in nine different combinations. This analysis of selected components of the syndrome clearly illustrates the phenotypic heterogeneity within the sample. It also follows that treatment should be guided by the number and severity of the affected components.
Spectrophotometric determination of sulfite with soluble mercury(II) compounds

Abstract Sulfite ion reacts with mercury(II) ion in acid solution to form the mercury(I) ion. The reaction is rapid and quantitative. The mercury(I) ion absorbs at 237 nm with a molar 5 . Beer's law Data for Sulfite Complexes of Covalent Mercury(II) Compounds SO2 (ppm) ϵHgCl2 a ϵHgBr2 ϵHg(Ac)2 b ϵHg(SCN)2 2.0 12,500 10,000 10,000 9,200 4.0 12,500 11,500 10,000 9,000 6.0 12,500 11,500 10,000 9,200 8.0 12,000 11,000 10,500 9,800 a Molar absorptivity based on sulfite ion at 230 nm. Solution was 6.86 buffer. b Mercuric acetate solutions seemed to be somewhat unstable. absorptivity of about 25,000. The absorbance is linear over a range of approximately 0.5–5.0 ppm as SO2. Covalent mercury(II) compounds form a complex with sulfite, Hg(SO3)22−, which absorbs at 230 nm and shows a linear response over a range of 1–8 ppm as SO2.
Rationing and social value judgments.

The further our medical knowledge and technology improve, the clearer it becomes that no matter how much of our resources we devote to health care, there will always be something else of value that...
How Can We Deter Cyber Terrorism

In order to deter cyber terrorism, it is important to identify the terrorists, since punishment may not deter them. The identification probability relies heavily on tracking cyber terrorists. However, there are legal and technical challenges to tracking terrorists. This paper proposes suggestions and insights on overcoming these challenges. Three types of infrastructures must be present in order to deter cyber terrorism: technical, policy, and legal. We list some of the key items that academics as well as practitioners need to focus on to improve cyber-terrorism deterrence.
Psychophysiology and adaptive automation

Adaptive automation is an approach to automation design where tasks are dynamically allocated between the human operator and computer systems. Psychophysiology has two complementary roles in research on adaptive automation: first, to provide information about the effects of different forms of automation thus promoting the development of effective adaptive logic; and second, psychophysiology may yield information about the operator that can be integrated with performance measurement and operator modelling to aid in the regulation of automation. This review discusses the basic tenets of adaptive automation and the role of psychophysiological measures in the study of adaptive automation. Empirical results from studies of flight simulation are presented. Psychophysiological measures may prove especially useful in the prevention of performance deterioration in underload conditions that may accompany automation. Individual differences and the potential for learned responses require research to understand their influence on adaptive algorithms. Adaptive automation represents a unique domain for the application of psychophysiology in the work environment.
A sulfhydryl redox model of antibody-dependent phagocytosis

A new sulfhydryl redox model of antibody-dependent endocytosis is proposed. This model synthesizes many previous studies employing a variety of experimental approaches. Predictions of this model can be tested experimentally.
Influences of pressure on reduced-gravity combustion of 1-propanol droplets

Reduced-gravity experiments on combustion of individual 1-propanol droplets with initial diameters of about 1 mm were conducted in air at standard temperature and with pressures ranging from 0.1 MPa to 1.0 MPa. Flames at 0.1 MPa were non-sooting with blue coloring during most of the combustion process. At higher pressures, flames exhibited significant amounts of soot during most of the combustion history. Flames were also non-spherical at elevated pressure, which is likely a result of the increased importance of buoyant convection at elevated pressure. Droplet burning rates increased as the ambient pressure was increased. Empirical correlations indicate that buoyant convection did not significantly influence droplet burning rates. Calculations indicate, however, that increasing the ambient pressure increased the liquid temperature, which decreased the liquid density and enthalpy of vaporization, leading to burning rate increases that are consistent with experimental results. Calculations also indicate that absorption of water into droplets was not significant in the experiments.
1S0-state nucleon-nucleon phase shifts due to solitary-wave exchange potentials

1S0-state proton-proton and neutron-proton phase shifts calculated using λΦ4 and sine-Gordon solitary-wave exchange potentials (SWEPs) are compared with the phase shifts obtained by Arndtet al. and Bugget al. from recent world nucleonnucleon scattering data. The SWEPs, utilizing only one more parameter than the basic Yukawa potential, reproduce the phenomenological phase shifts up to 500 MeV remarkably well.
Ethological observations on foraging behavior of the ctenophore Leucothea sp. in the open sea1

Of all the Leucothea seen during daylight dives in the Catalina Channel, 45% were between the depths of 18 and 22 m, usually feeding at the thermocline on a layer of copepods, primarily Clausocalanus. Undisturbed individuals were observed and video recorded for periods up to 40 min. The ctenophores actively selected specific depths for foraging and spent about 60% of their time foraging horizontally in the water column, 20% of their time swimming rapidly either directly upward or downward, and 20% of their time immobile and neutrally buoyant. The extent and importance of long-distance horizontal foraging activity of zooplankton and the relationship of individual behavior of zooplankton to patch dynamics has been underestimated. The discipline of ethology is concerned with the natural behavior of individual animals in their own environments (Eisner and Wilson 1975). Although an ethological approach to understanding the behavior of wild animals is now routine for most of the environments on the surface of the earth, the use of ethological techniques in the open sea is rare. At sea, as distinct from all other habitats, it is generally impossible to return day after day, and many times not even hour after hour, and encounter the same individual animal or even the same species that was present previously. Students of the natural behavior of oceanic animals therefore have been concerned instead almost exclusively with the statistical behavior of populations of animals in space and time. As a consequence, investigations of statistically defined phenomena such as vertical diurnal migrations of plankton populations or horizontal migrations of populations of fish dominate the oceanic behavioral literature. Yet in selected instances behavioral investigations of individual oceanic animals have been possible. For example, the research by Carey and Robison (198 1) utilized acoustic tagging techniques to follow highly motile individual swordfish for many days at sea, and Klimley and Brown (1983) repeatedly located and photographed schooling individual hammerhead sharks near a specific
Lymphocyte function during hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury

The liver is the primary organ affected by ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury after shock, surgical resection, or transplantation. The actions of myeloid leukocytes have been well studied and are thought to be the primary cells responsible for propagating the injury response. However, there is an emerging view that T lymphocytes can also regulate liver I/R-induced inflammation. Resident lymphocytes found within the liver include conventional alphabeta TCR cells as well as unconventional NK and gammadelta T cells. These lymphocytes can alter inflammation through the secretion of soluble mediators such as cytokines and chemokines or through cognate interactions in an antigen-dependent manner. Expression of these mediators will then result in the recruitment of more lymphocytes and neutrophils. There is evidence to suggest that T cell activation in the liver during I/R can be driven by antigenic or nonantigenic mechanisms. Finally, immune cells are exposed to different oxygen tensions, including hypoxia, as they migrate and function within tissues. The hypoxic environment during liver ischemia likely modulates T cell function, at least in part through the actions of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha. Further, this hypoxic environment leads to the increased concentration of extracellular adenosine, which is generally known to suppress T cell proinflammatory function. Altogether, the elucidation of T lymphocyte actions during liver I/R will likely allow for novel targets for therapeutic intervention.
Cardiac Stem Cell Hybrids Enhance Myocardial Repair

Rationale:Dual cell transplantation of cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) after infarction improves myocardial repair and performance in large animal models relative to delivery of either cell population. Objective:To demonstrate that CardioChimeras (CCs) formed by fusion between CPCs and MSCs have enhanced reparative potential in a mouse model of myocardial infarction relative to individual stem cells or combined cell delivery. Methods and Results:Two distinct and clonally derived CCs, CC1 and CC2, were used for this study. CCs improved left ventricular anterior wall thickness at 4 weeks post injury, but only CC1 treatment preserved anterior wall thickness at 18 weeks. Ejection fraction was enhanced at 6 weeks in CCs, and functional improvements were maintained in CCs and CPC+MSC groups at 18 weeks. Infarct size was decreased in CCs, whereas CPC+MSC and CPC parent groups remained unchanged at 12 weeks. CCs exhibited increased persistence, engraftment, and expression of earl...