cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lung dendritic cells are primed by inhaled particulate antigens, and retain MHC class II/antigenic peptide complexes in hilar lymph nodes for a prolonged period of time

Intratracheal (IT) administration of heat-killed Listeria monocytogenes (HKL) results in an influx of macrophage and dendritic cell (DC) precursors into the lung interstitium. Low-density, FcR+, interstitial lung cells isolated from rats instilled 24 hr before with HKL or vehicle alone, were > 90% Mar1+. After culturing with granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for 3 days, up to 24% of the loosely adherent cells were DC that stimulated allogeneic T-cell proliferation in an mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR) assay. After only an overnight incubation with GM-CSF, however, the capacity of interstitial Mar1+ cells to stimulate HKL immune T-cell proliferation without exogenous antigen was low. By contrast, when DC were isolated as major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II+ cells from rat lungs at 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after HKL instillation and cultured overnight with GM-CSF, their antigen presentation capacity without added exogenous antigen was robust, but declined over the 2-week period. Interestingly, hilar lymph node DC maintained their HKL antigen-presenting capacity for up to 2 weeks after instillation of HKL. Following IT administration of PKH-26 labelled HKL, fluorescent or immunolabelled organisms were detected in OX62+ DC in airway epithelium, lung interstitium and hilar lymph nodes in situ and in MHC class II+ DC isolated from these sites. We conclude that newly immigrated Mar1+ lung DC precursors, while efficient in endocytosing particulate antigens, are incapable of eliciting a significant proliferative response from HKL-sensitized T cells. By contrast, MHC class II+ DC isolated from lungs and incubated overnight with GM-CSF induce vigorous antigen-specific T-cell proliferation. Antigen-loaded lung DC in hilar lymph nodes maintain their antigen presentation capacity for up to 2 weeks.
Self-Presentation Bias in Surveys of Teachers' Educational Technology Practices

This study investigated self-presentation bias in the self-reports of teachers about their practices in six topic areas in educational technology (Instructional Design, Assessment, Learner-Centered Instruction, Curriculum Alignment, Attitudes about Computers, and Use of Computers with Students). Subjects were 50 middle-school teachers. Data were collected using a 30-item Likert-type survey containing five items per topic area. Teachers responded to items in two forms: “what I do” and “what other teachers do.” Significant differences favoring the “I” form were obtained in three of the six areas (Instructional Design, Learner-Centered Instruction, and Curriculum Alignment) and on nine of the 30 items, indicating a rather strong self-presentation bias. Responses were generally positive across both forms. Results are discussed with implications for working with teachers and for using additional assessment measures that complement teacher self-reports.
WHY RED FLOWERS ARE NOT INVISIBLE TO BEES

ABSTRACT A pervasive idea among pollination biologists is that bees cannot see red flowers. This idea has led many workers to assume that red coloration is an adaptation by which flowers exclude bees as visitors. However, recent empirical and theoretical evidence strongly supports the alternative view, that red flowers are visible to bees. Our purpose is to marshal this evidence from physiology, behavior, and ecology. First, we define the spectral boundary between orange and red, and show that the visual spectrum of all bee species studied to date extends enough into long wavelengths to provide sensitivity to red light. Such sensitivity differs from the ability to discriminate different monochromatic lights, and we argue that bees will be unable to discriminate such lights above about 550 nm. Second, we point out that flowers do not reflect monochromatic lights. Instead many of them, particularly those that appear red, orange, yellow, and white to humans, have reflectance patterns that are essentially ste...
The Hegemony of the Sentencing Commission

Some observers have expressed the hope that the Supreme Court's decision in Koon v. United States1 may permit both sentencing judges and appellate courts to consider fundamental issues of culpability and just punishment in deciding whether there should be a departure from the guidelines. In Koon, the Court unaiiimously embraced the notion that the sentencing guidelines deal with "heartland" cases, and that judges may depart in cases outside the "heartland." The concept of "heartland" had ap peared only in a single sentence in the introductory chapter of the guidelines when they were issued in 1987,2 but in 1994 a reconstituted Commission added a new paragraph expressly recognizing the concept in the chapter of the guidelines governing departures.3 Potentially more significant than its embrace of the "heartland" concept, Koon held that departures should be reviewed by appellate courts under an "abuse of discretion" standard.4 A cursory reading of the Court's decision may reinforce the media's misimpressions of the decision?that the Supreme Court has mollified district judges by giving them more discretion and mollified circuit judges by relieving them of much of the burden of guidelines appeals.5 Koon does contain language that suggests sentencing courts will be given significant deference in deciding to depart; it says, for instance, "the district court retains much of its traditional discretion," and "[a] district court's decision to depart from the Guidelines .. . will in most cases be due substantial deference."6
Power Transients in A-C. Motors A Watt-Oscillograph Study

The purpose of this paper is to describe the application of the watt-oscillograph to the study of the performance of rotating a-c. machinery under transient conditions. Some typical transient cases are presented with a view to illustrating the possibilities of such an application. The analysis of a film taken with the watt-oscillograph yields not only power, but also current and power factor. It is thus possible, for the case of sinusoidal voltages and currents, to determine the locus of the current vector as it changes from one position to another. The paper also describes the watt elements of the oscillograph developed for this study, with data as to the degree of accuracy that may be expected from them. An outline of the method of analyzing an oscillogram so as to obtain the performance curves and the current locus is also given.
The Effect of High Concentration Salt on the Structure, Stability, and Aggregation of RecA

The Escherichia coli protein, RecA, is critical for maintaining genetic integrity. RecA catalyzes DNA pairing and strand exchange reactions that are utilized in DNA recombination and DNA repair. Buffer and salt conditions influence the aggregation and activity of RecA. In low salt conditions, RecA is a DNA-dependent ATPase. However, prior research demonstrated that high salt concentrations allow RecA to hydrolyze ATP in the absence of DNA and at levels comparable to those obtained in the presence of DNA [Pugh, B. F. and Cox, M. M. (1988) Journal of Biological Chemistry 263, 76-83]. We have used circular dichroism (CD) and fluorescence spectroscopies to better understand the salt-induced effects on RecA structure and function. CD and fluorescence studies were performed in order to monitor the thermally induced unfolding of RecA in the presence of a variety of salts. We found that different salts had unique effects on RecA unfolding transitions and stability. Unfolding studies performed under salt conditions known to activate RecA's ATPase activity showed unique, thermally stable RecA structures. A comparison of the influences of different ions on RecA unfolding will be presented. These studies may help to elucidate how different ions influence RecA activity, structure, aggregation, and stability.
Biokinetic Mechanisms Linked With Musculoskeletal Health Disparities: Stochastic Models Applying Tikhonov's Theorem to Biomolecule Homeostasis.

Multiscale technology and advanced mathematical models have been developed to control and characterize physicochemical interactions, respectively, enhancing cellular and molecular engineering progress. Ongoing tissue engineering development studies have provided experimental input for biokinetic models examining the influence of static or dynamic mechanical stimuli (Saha, A. K., and Kohles, S. S., 2010, “A Distinct Catabolic to Anabolic Threshold Due to Single-Cell Nanomechanical Stimulation in a Cartilage Biokinetics Model,” J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med., 1(3) p. 031005; 2010, “Periodic Nanomechanical Stimulation in a Biokinetics Model Identifying Anabolic and Catabolic Pathways Associated With Cartilage Matrix Homeostasis,” J. Nanotechnol. Eng. Med., 1(4), p. 041001). In the current study, molecular regulatory thresholds associated with specific disease disparities are further examined through applications of stochastic mechanical stimuli. The results indicate that chondrocyte bioregulation initiates the catabolic pathway as a secondary response to control anabolic processes. In addition, high magnitude loading produced as a result of stochastic input creates a destabilized balance in homeostasis. This latter modeled result may be reflective of an injurious state or disease progression. These mathematical constructs provide a framework for single-cell mechanotransduction and may characterize transitions between healthy and disease states.
Death Education Curriculums for Elementary Schools in Japan

Compared to thirty years of death education in the United States, death education in Japan became widely acknowledged among educators in elementary schools at the beginning of the 1990s. In Japanes...
DESINGULARIZATIONS AND THE UNIFORM ARTIN–REES THEOREM

It is proved that an excellent ring which is the homomorphic image of a regular ring of finite Krull dimension and having a resolution of singularities satisfies the uniform Artin–Rees property. Extensions of some results of Lipman, Sathaye and Teissier are also obtained.
Effects of shock pressures on calcic plagioclase

Samples of single crystal calcic plagioclase (labradorite, An63, from Chihuahua, Mexico) have been shock-loaded to pressures up to 496 kbar. Optical and electron microscopic studies of the recovered samples show the effects of increasing shock pressures on this mineral. At pressures up to 287 kbar, the recovered specimens are still essentially crystalline, with only a trace amount of optically unresolvable glass present at 287 kbar. Samples recovered after shock-loading to pressures between 300 and 400 kbar are almost 100% diaplectic glasses; that is formed by shock transformation presumably in the solid-state. Above about 400 kbar, glasses with refractive indices similar to thermally fused glass were produced. The general behavior of the index of refraction with shock pressures agrees closely with previous work, however, the absence of planar features is striking. At pressures less than 300 kbar, the most prominent physical feature is the pervasive irregular fracturing caused by the shock crushing, although some (001) and (010) cleavages are observed. No fine-scale shock deformation structures, i.e. planar features, were noted in any of the specimens. We conclude, in contrast to previous studies of shocked rocks that planar features are not necessarily definitive shock indicators, in contrast to diaplectic glass (e.g., maskelynite) and high-pressure phases, but are rather likely indicative of the local heterogeneous dynamic stress experienced by plagioclase grains within shocked rocks.
Herbage measurement in situ by electronics. 1. The multiple-probe-type capacitance meter: a brief review

The history and development of the multiple-probe capacitance meter used for in situ, non-destructive estimations of herbage mass is reviewed. An elementary, semi-theoretical electric-field analysis focuses attention on the inherent difficulties associated with the multiple-probe approach. This report establishes the background for the introduction of an ‘earth-plate’ capacitancemeter.
Comparative genomics of the mycobacteriophages: Insights into bacteriophage evolution

The recognition of the vast numbers of bacteriophages in the biosphere has prompted a renewal of interest in understanding their morphological and genetic diversity, and elucidating the evolutionary mechanisms that give rise to them. We have approached these questions by isolating and characterizing a collection of mycobacteriophages that infect a common bacterial host, Mycobacterium smegmatis. Comparative genomic analysis of 50 mycobacteriophages shows that they are highly diverse, although not uniformly so, that they are pervasively mosaic with a multitude of single gene modules, and that this mosaicism is generated through illegitimate recombination.
Recurrent congenital diaphragmatic hernia: A novel repair.

Abstract Background/Purpose: Repair of recurrent diaphragmatic hernia continues to be a difficult problem. An innovative method using a nonabsorbable polypropylene prosthetic mesh plug placed via the thoracic approach using minimal dissection is presented. Methods: A retrospective analysis showed 39 children with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) who underwent repair between January 1997 and March 2000. Five children suffered a recurrence and underwent repair via the thoracic approach using the Bard Marlex Mesh Perfix Plug (C.R. Bard Inc, Billerica, MA). Follow-up was available in all children and ranged from 1 to 33 months (average, 13.8 months). Results: Age at recurrence ranged from 2 to 48 months (average, 14.8 months), and the average time between initial repair and recurrence was 8.2 months (range, 2 to 16 months). There were no recurrences after the transthoracic mesh plug diaphragmatic hernioplasty. One child died of multiple congenital anomalies 6 months after repair. Conclusion: The transthoracic repair of recurrent diaphragmatic hernias using a nonabsorbable polypropylene prosthetic mesh plug represents an innovative approach to a difficult problem in which 5 repairs have been accomplished without recurrence in nearly 14 months of follow-up. J Pediatr Surg 36:1768-1769. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company.
RENAL CELL CARCINOMA: MANAGEMENT OF ADVANCED DISEASE

AbstractPurpose: We provide a current review of the management of advanced renal cell carcinoma.Materials and Methods: A comprehensive literature review of peer reviewed articles which address the current management of metastatic renal cell carcinoma was performed.Results: Renal cell carcinoma is the seventh leading cause of cancer, accounting for 3% of malignancies in men. The incidence of renal cell carcinoma has increased significantly by 38% from 1974 through 1990 at least in part related to earlier diagnosis with the common use of new radiological techniques. Cytotoxic chemotherapy remains poor as a treatment alternative. Interferon-alpha produces responses in 15 to 20% of patients but clinical usefulness as monotherapy has been surpassed by interleukin-2 (IL-2). IL-2 is the first immunotherapy to produce durable remissions resulting in approval by the Food and Drug Administration. Although high dose bolus IL-2 schedules have the longest followup, IL-2 administered on other schedules may have enhance...
Sorption and transport of water vapor in thin polymer films at 35 °C

Using a gravimetric technique, experimental data at 35 °C are reported for isothermal sorption equilibria and sorption kinetics of water vapor in poly(N,N-dimethyl methacrylamide) (PDMAA), poly(2-dimethyl aminoethyl methacrylate) (PDMAEMA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA), and in a typical membrane of a commercial soft-contact lens made of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) (PHEMA). The highest sorption of water vapor is in PDMAA. The Flory–Huggins model and the Zimm–Lundberg clustering theory are used to interpret the equilibrium data. Over the entire range of water activity, the four materials show clustering functions larger than −1 indicating that water molecules cluster together in the polymers. The least hydrophilic polymer, PDMAEMA, and the most hydrophilic one, PDMAA, show respectively, the highest and the lowest tendency of water molecules to form clusters. Water diffusion into the polymer matrix is faster in PDMAEMA (diffusion coefficient, D = 10–20 × 10−8 cm2 s−1) and in PDMAA (D = 4.9–8.7 × 10−8 cm2 s−1) than in PHEMA-lens material (D = 0.55–3.4 × 10−8 cm2 s−1) and PAA (D = 0.98–3.5 × 10−8 cm2 s−1). The measured diffusion coefficients increase with water activity in the PHEMA-lens, decrease with activity in PDMAEMA, and show a more complex concentration dependence in PDMAA and PAA. By writing the diffusion coefficient as a product of an intrinsic mobility, Đ, and a non-ideality thermodynamic factor, Γ, the concentration dependence of D is explained by the interplay of two factors: rising plasticization with water activity, which causes an increase in Đ, and the effect of composition on Γ, decreasing with water activity.
Differential alteration of lipoxygenase and cyclooxygenase metabolism by rat peritoneal macrophages induced by endotoxin tolerance.

Abstract Altered macrophage arachidonic acid metabolism may play a role in endotoxic shock and the phenomenon of endotoxin tolerance induced by repeated injections of endotoxin. Studies were initiated to characterize both lipoxygenase metabolite formation by endotoxin tolerant and non-tolerant macrophages in response to 4 different stimuli, i.e. endotoxin, glucan, zymosan, and the calcium ionophore A23187. In contrast to previous reports of decreased prostaglandin synthesis by tolerant macrophages, A23187-stimulated immunoreactive (i) leukotriene (LT)C4/D4 and prostaglandin (PG)E2 production by tolerant cells was greater than that by non-tolerant controls (p
Large-scale linear programming techniques for the design of protein folding potentials

We present large-scale optimization techniques to model the energy function that underlies the folding process of proteins. Linear Programming is used to identify parameters in the energy function model, the objective being that the model predict the structure of known proteins correctly. Such trained functions can then be used either for ab-initio prediction or for recognition of unknown structures. In order to obtain good energy models we need to be able to solve dense Linear Programming Problems with tens (possibly hundreds) of millions of constraints in a few hundred parameters, which we achieve by tailoring and parallelizing the interior-point code PCx.
Morphological stability analysis of the epitaxial growth of a circular island: Application to nanoscale shape control

Abstract In this paper, we present a comprehensive morphological stability analysis of a single, epitaxially growing, perturbed circular island by using a Burton–Cabrera–Frank (BCF) island dynamics model. We show that there exists a critical deposition flux for which a single mode perturbation remains unchanged. In the absence of an additional far-field mass flux, there exists a naturally stabilizing radius, so that beyond this radius, growth is always stable. Up to this radius, taking fluxes larger than the critical flux results in instability. The presence of kinetics makes sufficiently small islands grow stably, even without line tension or surface diffusion. The presence of desorption further introduces a range of parameters and island radii for which both stable and unstable shrinkage may occur. The presence of a far-field mass flux in the BCF model can eliminate the naturally stabilizing radius and unstable growth may be achieved for a wide range of island radii. We then demonstrate how these results may be exploited to control the shape of the island using the deposition flux and far-field mass flux as control parameters.
The Impact of Market Imperfections on Real Estate Returns and Optimal Investor Portfolios

This study investigates the consequences of several imperfections associated with real estate markets on pricing and optimal investor portfolios from a CAPM context. CAPM assumptions are relaxed to recognize illiquidity, the consumption and investment attributes of owner-occupied housing, and a mildly segmented market structure. The study finds that relaxing the CAPM assumptions lead to a separate pricing paradigm for financial assets, income-producing real estate and owner-occupied housing respectively, that a “dividend effect” arises for real estate as the result of illiquidity, and that illiquidity reduces the extent to which investors hold real estate in their portfolios.
Circularly symmetric separable functions are Gaussian

Abstract In digital image analysis, edge detection, line detection, texture classification and so forth are basic to image understanding and interpretation. Since a typical image is void of predetermined directions of edge, line, or texture, direction independent filters are important for their detection. In designing of such filters the concept of circularly symmetric separable function is often used. Here, we show that every circularly symmetric separable function is Gaussian. This justifies the use of Gaussian filters in image processing.
Score operators of a qubit with applications

The score operators of a quantum system are the symmetric logarithmic derivatives of the system's parametrically defined quantum state. Score operators are central to the calculation of the quantum Fisher information (QFI) associated with the state of the system, and the QFI determines the maximum precision with which the state parameters can be estimated. We give a simple, explicit expression for score operators of a qubit and apply this expression in a series of settings. We treat in detail the task of identifying a quantum Pauli channel from the state of its qubit output, and we show that a "balanced" probe state is highly robust for this purpose. The QFI for this task is a matrix, and we study its determinant, for which we establish a Cramer-Rao inequality.
Reactive sampling-based temporal logic path planning

We develop a sampling-based motion plan- ning algorithm that combines long-term temporal logic goals with short-term reactive requirements. The mission specification has two parts: (1) a global specification given as a Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formula over a set of static service requests that occur at the regions of a known environment, and (2) a local specification that requires servicing a set of dynamic requests that can be sensed locally during the execution. Our method consists of two main ingredients: (a) an off-line sampling-based algorithm for the construction of a global transition system that contains a path satisfying the LTL formula, and (b) an on-line sampling-based algorithm to generate paths that service the local requests, while making sure that the satisfaction of the global specification is not affected. Building on our previous work (1), the focus of this paper is on the on-line part of the overall method. I. INTRODUCTION A central problem in motion planning is to generate a path for a robot from an initial to a final desired position in an environment with obstacles. The most used algorithms are based on cell decompositions, poten- tial fields, and navigation functions (2). These methods, however, suffer from poor scalability with respect to the dimension of the configuration space. In order to overcome these limitations, probabilistically complete approaches based on randomized sampling, such as probabilistic roadmaps (PRM) (3) and rapidly exploring random trees (RRT) (4), and their asymptotically optimal counterparts, PRM* and RRT* (5), were proposed.
On the generalization of the Edgeworth/Gram-Charlier series

Berberan-Santos relates one probability distribution to another wherein one distribution is expressed in terms of the derivatives of the other Berberan-Santos (J Math Chem 42:585, 2007). We derive the result in a straightforward manner based on a generalization of the Edgeworth/Gram Charlier.
Effect of Mg And Zn fertilization on soil test levels, ear leaf composition, and yields of corn in northern West Virginia

Abstract A corn fertility study was conducted at two locations in northern West Virginia to determine the response of corn (Zea mays L.) to applied Mg and Zn on two soils testing low in Mg by the ammonium acetate and Baker tests and low in Zn by the Baker test. The study consisted of three rates of Mg (0, 112, and 224 kg/ha) and three rates of Zn (0, 3.36, and 6.72 kg/ha) applied in a factorial design. The soil at the Morgantown location was medium textured with a CEC of 22.4, and the soil at the Reedsville location was coarse textured with a CEC of 15.8. Yield responses to applied Mg were obtained only on the coarse textured soil at the Reedsville location where exchangeable Mg was less than 5% of the CEC and equilibrium Mg was less than 9.0 10 ‐4M. No yield response to Zn was obtained at either location.
Metathesis-enabled formation of a terminal ruthenium carbide complex : A computational study

The energy profile of rare Ru carbide formation starting from an acetoxycarbene complex is studied using DFT methods. Three distinctive reaction pathways that differ in their initiation step are investigated. Two of the proposed reaction mechanisms have relatively similar activation barriers. Therefore, additional calculations have been performed using large size ligands (PCy3), matching exactly the actual experimental system. In addition, the corresponding kinetic isotope effect has been evaluated and compared to the experimental measured value.
Validity of standard model at 90 GeV

Abstract The interpretation of the recently observed “ Z ”→ e + e − γ events has posed a challenge to the standard model. We propose a simple test which might shed light on the underlying dynamics.
Electrode potential dependent NMR spectra of surface 13CO on polycrystalline platinum

Abstract The initial results of investigations of a solid/liquid interface under an external potential control using nuclear magnetic resonance are reported. The 13C nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectra of CO formed on a polycrystalline platinum electrode via catalytic decomposition of methanol in aqueous media have been measured in a broad electrode potential range. The narrowing of the solid-like NMR peak at the most negative potentials to a single component at 0.225 V vs. the Ag/AgCl reference is interpreted as resulting from a transformation of a mixed (predominantly bridge- and linear-bonded) surface population to linear-bonded CO. Potential dependent T1 measurements confirm the changes in bond configurations on the surface. Further oxidation produced solution carbon dioxide as evidenced by the solution-type NMR peak morphology. Our measurements represent the first successful attempt to study 13C adsorbates at the solid/liquid interface where the electrode potential was controlled via apotentiostat.
Measuring slit width and separation in a diffraction experiment

We present a procedure for measuring slit width and separation in single- and double-slit diffraction experiments. Intensity spectra of diffracted laser light are measured with an optical sensor (PIN diode). Slit widths and separations are extracted by fitting to the measured spectra. We present a simple fitting procedure to account for the integration (averaging) of light across the finite sensor aperture. This experiment provides students with a quantitative, in-depth verification of diffraction theory, as well as hands-on experience in sophisticated fitting methods.
Nondestructive evaluation of critical composite material structural elements

A small span bridge that has suffered corrosive deterioration of a number of the steel structural members is in the process of being rehabilitated with glass and carbon fiber reinforced, pultruded polymer structural beams. As part of a comprehensive research program to develop methods for modeling long term durability of the composite material, nondestructive evaluation if being used to provide a preliminary assessment of the initial condition of the beams as well as to monitor the deterioration of the beams during service.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Is intrauterine transfusion associated with diminished fetal growth

Studies in animal models and human pregnancies suggest that severe fetal anemia and/or replacement of fetal with adult blood result in decreased pH, increased base deficit, and hyperlactacidemia. Similar changes have been noted in growth-retarded, nonanemic fetuses, and we therefore hypothesized that isoimmunized fetuses requiring intrauterine transfusions might have diminished growth. We longitudinally studied growth patterns in 17 isoimmunized fetuses by noting biparietal diameter and head and abdominal circumference measurements at each transfusion. The distributions of these measurements above and below the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles derived from our general obstetric population were compared at the initial transfusion and the last ultrasonogram performed before delivery. Birth weights also were noted and their distribution around the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentiles was compared to the expected distribution. For each ultrasonographic parameter, the distribution of measurements at the last ultrasonogram before delivery was not significantly different from the distribution at the initial ultrasonogram. The birth weight distribution also was not significantly different than the expected distribution. Thus we were unable to demonstrate slowing of fetal growth in our severely isoimmunized pregnancies.
Glycine seed germination: Differential response to abscisic acid

In Keimen von Glycinensamen wurden unterschiedliche Reaktionen der Kulturvarianten (Cultivaren) zur Abscisinsaure (ABA) beobachtet. Die Unterschiede in Keimem konnen nicht der unterschiedlichen Wasser-oder ABA-Absorption zugeschrieben werden.
Energy transfer in collisional activation of gaseous organic ions

Abstract The amounts of translational energy lost in the collisional activation (CA) of CH4+, CD4+, CH3+, and CD3+ to form the possible C(H,D)0–3+ products have been measured. These values are consistent with the gain in internal energy required to produce the observed decomposition in unimolecular reactions, as predicted by the quasi-equilibrium theory. Further, there appear to be marked differences in the distribution of internal energy values of CH4+ produced by electron ionization of CH4 and the distribution produced by CA of low energy CH4+ ions.
Can physicians' admission evaluation of patients' status help to identify patients requiring social work interventions?

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the utility of these physicians' initial clinical assessments in identifying patients admitted from their homes who subsequently require social work intervention for discharge planning. Design: Retrospective chart review of discharge disposition correlated with a prospective physician evaluation of patients. Setting: An academic medical center. Participants: Consecutive patients, (2,571) men and women, admitted at the New York Hospital between July 1, 1997 and October 31, 1997. Measurement: Prospective evaluation of clinical status, functional status, illness severity and stability by physicians within 24 hours of admission. Results: Older patients, sicker and less functional, have higher needs for social work intervention (P < 0.001). New nursing home placement patients were older and had worse function (P < 0.001). Total cost of hos-pitalization and length of stay were predicted by discharge disposition. Conclusion: Early discharge intervention has often been targeted as ...
Palladium-katalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen organischer Elektrophile mit Organozinn-Verbindungen

Palladium-katalysierte Kupplungsreaktionen von Organozinn-Verbindungen mit unterschiedlichsten organischen Elektrophilen sind eine relativ neue Methode zur Knupfung von Kohlenstoff-Kohlenstoff-Bindungen. Da sie unter milden Bedingungen ablauft und eine Vielfalt funktioneller Gruppen an jedem der beiden Reaktionspartner ermoglicht, daruber hinaus stereospezifisch, regioselektiv und in hohen Ausbeuten verlauft, eignet sie sich ideal fur die Synthese komplizierter organischer Verbindungen. Wird die Kupplungsreaktion in Gegenwart von Kohlenmonoxid ausgefuhrt, so findet eine Verknupfung der beiden Reaktanten unter Kohlenmonoxid-Insertion statt, so das man Ketone erhalt.
Lineage specification of olfactory neural precursor cells depends on continuous cell interactions

We transplanted, as a single cell suspension, cells dissociated from the mature and immature olfactory epithelium of rats or TgR(ROSA26)26Sor mice expressing constitutively the LacZ gene into the developing brain (cerebellum, striatum, inferior colliculus, lateral ventricles) of E15 rat fetuses. Grafted cells or their descendants were still present in the central nervous system more than a month after transplantation. Transplanted cells either integrated as isolated cells or, during the first day after transplantation, reaggregated into clusters. Scattered cells, despite their placodal origin, differentiated into neuron or glial cells with a central phenotype. This was demonstrated by anatomical methods and selective amplification of cDNA encoding for neuronal specific transcripts (microtubule-associated protein 2 and middle-molecular-mass neurofilament protein) expressed by the engrafted cells. Cells in large clusters generated an epithelium containing mature olfactory neurons. Some of them were immunoreactive for the olfactory marker protein. Our findings show that cells dissociated from the developing and adult olfactory organs when transplanted into the rat fetal brain can either completely change their fate and differentiate according to their final position or generate an olfactory epithelium if they reaggregate into large clusters.
Resonance effect in the ultraviolet raman spectra of styrenes: nature of the photoreactive states

Abstract Raman scattering spectra of styrene and fluorostyrene are studied at excitation wavelengths 305 and 337 nm in the ultraviolet and 577.8 nm in the visible region. The resonance effect in some of the vibrations is remarkably large. The results obtained are discussed in relation to the lowest excited singlet photoreactive states.
Simultaneous measurement of D and T2 using the distant dipolar field.

The presence of long-range dipolar fields in liquids is known to introduce a non-linear term in the Bloch–Torrey equations which is responsible for many interesting effects in nuclear magnetic resonance as well as in magnetic resonance imaging. We show here, for the first time, that the diffusion coefficient D and the spin–spin relaxation time T2 can be obtained simultaneously from the time evolution profile of the long-range dipolar field refocused signal. In a COSY Revamped by Z-asymmetric Echo Detection sequence, the analytical first-order approximation solution of the Bloch–Torrey equations modified to include the effect of the distant dipolar field is used to demonstrate the technique in an experiment using doped water.
Parathyroid cancer and the CDC73 tumor suppressor gene

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is a rare endocrine neoplasm, usually causing severe primary hyperparathyroidism, that frequently causes death from unmanageable hypercalcemia. PC is frequently associated with somatic inactivating mutations of the CDC73 gene (previously called HRPT2), a gene discovered in association with the familial hyperparathyroidism-jaw tumor syndrome. DNA analysis for CDC73 mutation should be performed on all patients with seemingly sporadic PC since some 25% will carry a germline mutation. It is often difficult to make a firm diagnosis of PC by histopathology alone. That diagnosis often depends on the presence of local tissue invasion or distant metastases. If PC is suspected, en bloc resection at initial surgery is recommended. Medical therapy with cinacalcet, bisphosphonates or denosumab may temporarily ameliorate the hypercalcemia of inoperable PC.
Nonlinear dynamical analysis and demonstration on Chinese business cycle

Abstract This paper is devoted to the study of a generalized Chinese business cycle by nonlinear dynamical method. Firstly, we establish a Chinese economic cycle model based on Goodwin model, and then discuss the point estimation and confidence interval of the model’s parameter values based on the historical data. At last, we study the bifurcation and chaotic behavior of the model. The results show that the marginal consumption has great influence on the development of Chinese economic. The Chinese economic development will run into the stable periodic wave when the marginal consumer is greater than 0.5. Furthermore, the greater the marginal consumption is, the more stable the economic development is.
Social Utility Theory: Guiding Labeling of VNRs as Ethical and Effective Public Relations

Social utility theory suggests that labeling video news release (VNR) source material is the ethical decision (Wulfemeyer & Frazier, 1992), yet the persuasion knowledge model predicts that the effectiveness of VNRs will decrease as people become aware of this PR tactic (Friestad & Wright, 1994). Our study found that positive and negative effects were heightened when subjects read about VNRs and viewed a labeled VNR in a newscast. These subjects were most likely to recognize the VNR story source and least likely to perceive the story as credible. Neither reading nor labeling affected evaluations of the VNR message or featured company.
Early Intervention Providers’ Perspectives About Implementing Participation-Based Practices:

Early intervention providers submitted videotapes of home visits as part of requirements for a professional development course. Taped visits were classified into two practice groups: providers who demonstrated use of participation-based practices and those who did not (i.e., traditional practices). A sample of providers, selected from each of these groups, were interviewed to elicit perspectives about implementing participation-based practices. Findings indicate that providers, regardless of practice classification, did not fully understand participation-based practices. In particular, a provider role of promoting children’s participation in family/community activities and routines was not articulated. The caregiver’s role as facilitator of the child’s participation and learning was seldom described although the importance of involving, teaching, and supporting caregivers was acknowledged. Most providers described themselves as able to implement optimal services for only a small percentage of families and...
Crystallization of HLA-DR4 fused to an immunodominant collagen II peptide implicated in rheumatoid arthritis.

Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II molecules are key players in antigen-specific CD4+ T cell stimulation, despite their lack of discrimination between "self" and foreign antigens. The susceptibility of many individuals to autoimmune diseases is directly attributed to this lack of specificity, as well as to the expression of subclasses of MHC class II molecules. Increased susceptibility to the autoimmune disease rheumatoid arthritis (RA) has been attributed to the expression of the MHC class II alleles HLA-DR1 and HLA-DR4. To define the structural requirements of the HLA-DR4 protein in the autoimmune response of RA, we have crystallized HLA-DR4 with the immunodominant peptide from human collagen II, covalently linked to the N-terminus of the -chain [HLA-DR4/hCII(257-273)]. Crystallization time, crystal size, and reproducibility were greatly improved by macroseeding into microdialysis buttons.
Watching and drinking: Expectancies, prototypes, and friends' alcohol use mediate the effect of exposure to alcohol use in movies on adolescent drinking

Objective: To investigate the psychological processes that underlie the relation between exposure to alcohol use in media and adolescent alcohol use. Design: The design consisted of a structural equation modeling analysis of data from four waves of a longitudinal, nationally representative, random-digit dial telephone survey of adolescents in the United States. Main Outcome Measures: The main outcome measures were adolescent alcohol consumption and willingness to use alcohol. Tested mediators were alcohol-related norms, prototypes, expectancies, and friends' use. Results: Alcohol prototypes, expectancies, willingness, and friends' use of alcohol (but not perceived prevalence of alcohol use among peers) were significant mediators of the relation between movie alcohol exposure and alcohol consumption, even after controlling for demographic, child, and family factors associated with both movie exposure and alcohol consumption. Conclusion: Established psychological and interpersonal predictors of alcohol use mediate the effects of exposure to alcohol use in movies on adolescent alcohol consumption. The findings suggest that exposure to movie portrayals may operate through similar processes as other social influences, highlighting the importance of considering these exposures in research on adolescent risk behavior. Language: en
Differential Bacteriostatic Effects of Sucralose on Various Species of Environmental Bacteria

Sucralose was developed as a low-cost artificial sweetener that is nonmetabolizable and can withstand changes in pH and temperature. It is not degraded by the wastewater treatment process and thus has been found in waste water, estuaries, rivers and the Gulf Stream. Since the molecule can withstand heat, acidification, and microbial degradation, it is accumulating in the environment. The highest concentration of environmental sucralose detected to date is 300 ng/L. Our lab has isolated six bacterial species from areas that have been exposed to sucralose. We then cultured these isolates in the presence of sucralose looking for potential sucralose metabolism or growth acceleration. Instead we found something very interesting, bacteriostatic effects exhibited on all six isolates. This inhibition was directly proportional to the concentration of sucralose exposure. The efficiency of the growth inhibition seemed to be species specific, with various concentrations inhibiting each organism differently.
Spontaneous Decomposition of a Sample of Pure Endrin

IT is well known that both isodrin and endrin produce compounds containing a rearranged carbon skeleton when treated with acids, heat or ultra-violet light1–3. Both thermal and acid-catalysed decompositions of endrin yield mainly a ketone which has the same elementary formula as endrin but contains an additional five-membered ring and has lost the olefinic double-bond. This communication reports an instance in which a pure, recrystallized sample of endrin stored in the dark for several years under normal ambient temperature conditions underwent this rearrangement.
A methodology for design and analysis of cooperative behaviors with mobile robots

New methodologies are needed for modeling of physically cooperating mobile robots to be able to systematically design and analyze such systems. In this context, we present a method called the `P-robot Method' under which we introduce entities called the p-robots at the environmental contact points and treat the linked mobile robots as a multiple degree-of-freedom object, comprising an articulated open kinematic chain, which is manipulated by the p-robots. The method is suitable to address three critical aspects of physical cooperation: a) analysis of environmental contacts, b) utilization of redundancy, and c) exploitation of system dynamics. Dynamics of the open chain are computed independent of the constraints, thus allowing the same set of equations to be used as the constraint conditions change, and simplifying the addition of multiple robots to the chain. The decoupling achieved through constraining the p-robots facilitates the analysis of kinematic as well as force constraints. We introduce the idea of a `tipping cone', similar to a standard friction cone, to test whether forces on the robots cause undesired tipping. We have employed the P-robot Method for the static as well as dynamic analysis for a cooperative behavior involving two robots. The method is generalizable to analyze cooperative behaviors with any number of robots. We demonstrate that redundant actuation achieved by an adding a third robot to cooperation can help in satisfying the contact constraints. The P-robot Method can be useful to analyze other interesting multi-body robotic systems as well.
APOSS: a partial order in the solution space of bivalent programs

Order relations are constructed in the solution space of a linear 0-1 program and they are used to obtain information about the problem (infeasibility, forced values for certain variables, equality or non-equality of certain pairs of variables, etc.). On this basis an algorithm is described for solving 0-1 programs. Good computational experience is reported with the algorithm.
The Changing Institutional Context of Low Fertility

Using data for 1960–97 for 22 low fertility countries, we document a dramatic change in the association of fertility levels to women's levels of labor force participation. Until the 1980s, this association had been strongly negative. However, during the 1980s itbecame positive, and since 1990 strongly positive. We also document an emerging positive association of the country-level total fertility ratio (TFR) and nonmarital ratio (e.g., the proportion of births to unmarried women). We argue that these transformed associations reflect societal level responses that, in some contexts, have eased the incompatibility between mother and worker roles, and loosened the link betweenmarriage and childbearing. These arguments imply that societal responses to mother/worker incompatibility exert substantial influence on fertility levels in low fertility countries.
CAMAC Discriminator-Gated Latch with Digital Multiplicity Logic, "Tito"

A 16-channel discriminator-gated latch CAMAC module using MECL II has been designed and built for use in a phototube trigger hodoscope array. The module includes individual discriminator outputs, analog summing outputs, and high speed digital multiplicity outputs which are processed by an "analyzer" in order to decide if the particle multiplicity is suitable for streamer chamber firing. Latch data are transmitted to a PDP-9 for recording and further processing.
Location of pulsating binary X-ray source 4U1538 – 52 with the HEAO-1 scanning modulation collimator

THE 529s pulsating1,2 X-ray source 4U1538 – 52 has been found to be a 3.73d eclipsing binary system3. The most accurate orbital elements yet determined4 imply that the primary is an early type giant or supergiant star. Independent determination of the primary mass will make it possible to estimate the mass of the (assumed) neutron star secondary. Cowley et al.5 have surveyed the stars in the Uhuru19 and Ariel 54 error boxes and called attention to 10 stars consistent with the inferred properties of the primary. A precise (40″) position of 4U1538 – 52 obtained by SAS 36 includes only two of these stars5. This letter reports a HEAO-1 position measurement of precision 12″ in one dimension which clearly selects one of these two stars (number 12) as the candidate identification.
Electrical conductivity of dry lower crustal rocks

This study provides values of electrical conductivity of possible lower crustal materials to assist interpretation of lower crustal magnetotelluric soundings. We present mean values of conductivity measurements collected from the literature for dry mafic and silicic rocks in the temperature range of 500°C to 1000°C. We observe statistically significant differences between rock types: mafic rocks are better conductors than granites by about half an order of magnitude and within the mafic group, aphanitic (fine‐grained) rocks have higher conductivity than phaneritic (coarse‐grained) ones. “Best‐fitting” curves of log conductivity versus temperature are presented for each rock type to show mean log conductivity values together with standard deviations so that most probable temperature ranges can be inferred from conductivity. Because the laboratory rocks are dry, their conductivities are lower at a given temperature than they would be if fluids or volatiles were present; hence any temperatures inferred from ...