cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Rawls, Sartre, and the Question of Camaraderie

In his classic text, A Theory of Justice, John Rawls argues that the structural principles of a society are just when they issue from a procedure that is fair. One crucial feature that makes the procedure fair is that the persons who will be subjected to these principles choose them after they have deliberated together in a condition marked by a certain balance of knowledge and ignorance. In particular, these people know enough to consider principles that are workable, yet converse behind a “veil of ignorance,” unable to predict what their place in society will be and hence discouraged from slanting the principles toward any preferential interests. My paper questions whether this attempt to ensure the disinterestedness of the conversation of justice is feasible. I worry that when we approach this question practically, we discover that the education that furnishes us with the knowledge necessary to choose viable principles must at the same time preclude genuine ignorance about our social position and interests. As an alternative, I suggest that we convene the conversation of justice behind a “veil of existence.” In this condition, people possess knowledge about how their society works and even about their places in it; however, this knowledge does not foster preferential interests because all interests are subjected to the question of their existential meaning. As Jean-Paul Sartre explains in his essay, “Existentialism is a Humanism,” for our interests to be truly meaningful, they must be affirmed as free responses to our thrownness into existence. Yet how do we find the wherewithal to make such responsible choices rather than lapse into paralysis before their essentially arbitrary differences? My positive thesis is that we may do so by acknowledging how all of us in this existential predicament critically and mutually provoke each to commit oneself to depart from the others in specific ways. This process of provocation is thus educational. It broaches a conception of non-instrumental, non-mimetic, liberal study, one which I try to enact in a writing that employs direct address, regular returns to questions that put discourse at a loss, and expanding webs of association. In this manner, I hope to demonstrate that liberal study may deepen our appreciation of our communal nature, our camaraderie, and thus motivate us to participate unselfishly in the conversation of justice.
Henry C. Carey's Attitude Toward the Ricardian Theory of Rent

Carey's four arguments against Malthusianism, 644. — Effect of environment on his thought, 647. — Relationship of wealth, utility, capital, value, and cost of reproduction, 648. — The two arguments on rent: (a) Land is capital, rents grow proportionately less; (b) The natural order of cultivation, 651. — Three possible interpretations of Carey on returns, 659. — An argument by the writer on interrelationships in the problem of proportionality, 666. — Carey and Ricardo on returns, 669. — Conclusion, 671.
Spurious Latent Classes in the Mixture Rasch Model

Mixture Rasch models have been used to study a number of psychometric issues such as goodness of fit, response strategy differences, strategy shifts, and multidimensionality. Although these models offer the potential for improving understanding of the latent variables being measured, under some conditions overextraction of latent classes may occur, potentially leading to misinterpretation of results. In this study, a mixture Rasch model was applied to data from a statewide test that was initially calibrated to conform to a 3-parameter logistic (3PL) model. Results suggested how latent classes could be explained and also suggested that these latent classes might be due to applying a mixture Rasch model to 3PL data. To support this latter conjecture, a simulation study was presented to demonstrate how data generated to fit a one-class 2-parameter logistic (2PL) model required more than one class when fit with a mixture Rasch model.
In system programming, the future for high density devices

In-System Programmability (ISP) is solving design challenges in many diverse applications such as very-high-density board configurations and multi-chip modules (MCMs). These applications can no longer use sockets, through-hole PGA's, or even PLCC packages, and are rapidly moving towards fine-pin-pitch Quad Flat Packages (QFP) or no package at all. These new packaging trends address the device handling and programming issues, such as solderability and bent pin handling which designers currently face. This paper discusses ISP technology and the advantages of designing with Lattice's ispLSI devices. >
MR imaging of hepatocellular carcinoma in the cirrhotic liver: Challenges and controversies

The incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is expected to increase in the next 2 decades, largely due to hepatitis C infection and secondary cirrhosis. HCC is being detected at an earlier stage owing to the implementation of screening programs. Biopsy is no longer required prior to treatment, and diagnosis of HCC is heavily dependent on imaging characteristics. The most recent recommendations by the American Association for the Study of Liver Diseases (AASLD) state that a diagnosis of HCC can be made if a mass larger than 2 cm shows typical features of HCC (hypervascularity in the arterial phase and washout in the venous phase) at contrast material-enhanced computed tomography or magnetic resonance (MR) imaging or if a mass measuring 1-2 cm shows these features at both modalities. There is an ever-increasing demand on radiologists to detect smaller tumors, when curative therapies are most effective. However, the major difficulty in imaging cirrhosis is the characterization of hypervascular nodules smaller than 2 cm, which often have nonspecific imaging characteristics. The authors present a review of the MR imaging and pathologic features of regenerative nodules and dysplastic nodules and focus on HCC in the cirrhotic liver, with particular reference to small tumors and lesions that may mimic HCC. The authors also review the sensitivity of MR imaging for the detection of these tumors and discuss the staging of HCC and the treatment options in the context of the guidelines of the AASLD and the imaging criteria required by the United Network for Organ Sharing for transplantation. MR findings following ablation and chemoembolization are also reviewed.
Adaptive beamforming for photoacoustic imaging using linear array transducer

Photoacoustic signals, detected by a transducer array, need to be beamformed for subsequent use in a limited view angle tomography such as B-scan imaging. In the presence of the light scattering or phase aberration, the spatial resolution and contrast in the photoacoustic images are degraded. Phase aberration due to tissues with inhomogeneous acoustic speeds is a major source for image degradation. However, a constant speed of sound (e.g., 1540 m/s) is typically assumed in photoacoustic imaging. Such an assumption can affect the quality of photoacoustic image since changes in sound velocity cause significant phase errors in beamforming. An adaptive weighting method such as coherence factor (CF) technique can improve the ultrasound and photoacoustic image quality significantly. In addition, photoacoustic images can be further improved by applying adaptive beamforming techniques developed for ultrasound imaging. In this study, an adaptive photoacoustic image reconstruction technique that combines an adaptive weighting factor (CF) and an adaptive apodization called minimum variance method (MV) is introduced. Although MV method calculates the optimal apodization weighting factors which minimize the variance of the beamformed signal, it can lead to unexpected weighting factors since it is data dependant. In this case, CF weighting can help to avoid this problem by weighting the output from the MV method based on signal coherence. Simulations were performed to analyze the spatial resolution using a point targets and to demonstrate improvement in phase aberration correction. Numerical studies demonstrated the superior performance of MV adaptive method combined with CF weighting.
The 8th annual computational and systems neuroscience (Cosyne) meeting

The 8th annual Computational and Systems Neuroscience meeting (Cosyne) was held February 24-27, 2011 in Salt Lake City, Utah (abstracts are freely available online: http://www.cosyne.org/c/index.php?title=Cosyne2011_Program). Cosyne brings together experimental and theoretical approaches to systems neuroscience, with the goal of understanding neurons, neural assemblies, and the perceptual, cognitive and behavioral functions they mediate.
Radical Logics and Their Carriers In Medicine: The Case of Psychopathology and American Obstetricians and Gynecologists

Through an historical case study, this article addresses how and why physicians carry radical logics into medicine. The radical logic of focus is psychopathology. Obstetrics and gynecology was one of the very first specialties outside of psychiatry to incorporate this logic into its work culture. Employing a core-skill conflict perspective, this article shows that obstetricians and gynecologists’ failure to “deliver the goods” promised in their core-skill definition invited aggressive responses by general surgeons against their turf claims. Obstetricians and gynecologists embraced psychopathology in the early post-World War II period (1945 through the 1960s) to improve their diagnostic and surgical outcomes in the hope that this would drive surgeons away from their markets. Because of this market promise, obstetricians and gynecologists agreed to serve in a subordinate, screening role in their relationship with psychiatrists. The study illustrates the impact of both negotiated and conflictual interspecialty relations on the programs physicians use to carry radical logics into medicine. Keywords: medicalization, the medical profession, occupational sociology, women’s health, organizational innovation.
Recent Progress in Modeling, Simulation, and Optimization of Polymer Solar Cells

The power conversion efficiency of polymer solar cells today has passed 10%, the commonly acceptable value for commercial usage. However, in general labs, the power conversion efficiency routinely achievable is only at 3–5% because of the lack of effective tools to optimize the device design and the fabrication process. Instead of using trial-and-error experiments to improve the power efficiency, modeling and simulation provides an alternative, effective, and economical way to optimize the design of polymer solar cells for best device performance. This review gives a literature survey, including some of our own studies, on modeling and simulation of polymer solar cells. First, the fundamentals of polymer solar cells are briefly explained. Then, the optical and electrical modeling and simulation are discussed in detail, followed by a discussion on optimization of polymer solar cells via modeling and simulation. This review ends with an outlook for the future study on modeling, simulation, and optimization of polymer solar cells.
Networking Against Oil in the Ecuadorian Amazon

The emergence of transnational advocacy networks has been widely cited among the most promising developments in ongoing processes of globalization. Such networks function through a dynamic and ongoing process of communication, negotiation, and trust building between multiple actors, as their values and views evolve through a complex dance of collision, contestation, and compromise. While networking can led o impressive results, it is instructive to analyze the specific processes by which it takes place. This paper does this by exploring the history of a recent campaign against the OCP oil pipeline in Ecuador.
Additions and Corrections to Data on Types of Aphids in Palmer's Aphids of the Rocky Mountain Region (Homoptera: Aphididae)

Information presented here augments that in Palmer's (1952) Aphids of the Rocky Mountain Region on types of aphid species and their USNM numbers in the collection of the National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution. Questionable statements regarding the types or their numbers are clarified or corrected. The presence in the Museum collection of type material whose repository was unknown to Palmer is indicated. Types of species treated by Palmer that have been deposited in the National Museum of Natural History since 1952, the publication date of Aphids of the Rocky Mountain Region , and their USNM numbers, if assigned, are included. In the text, many literature citations are corrected and several are added; a few also are added to References Cited.
Resilient Multi-UAV Operation: Key Concepts and Challenges

Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs) are employed in a variety of missions such as surveillance, law enforcement, agricultural, search and rescue, and payload delivery. In essence, a network of UAVs is a System-of-Systems (SoS) with a simple governance structure. They operate in an open environment in which they are susceptible to disruptions. Oftentimes, the type and magnitude of disruption are unknown. Thus, the resilience of a multi-UAV SoS is an important imperative. This paper discusses the key concepts and challenges in engineering resilient multi-UAV system-of-systems.
MedTrust: Towards trust-assured social networking for healthcare

Online social networks have enabled communication, collaboration and information sharing in the healthcare domain. Despite the benefits offered by new healthcare social networking applications, there are many challenges. The unique trust and privacy requirements of healthcare make trust management an utmost important issue. In this paper, we propose a personalized self-managed trust model, MedTrust, to establish trust relationships among participating healthcare social network users. The model identifies key trust factors in a healthcare social networking environment, and uses fuzzy logic to represent and evaluate trust. Experiments were conducted and demonstrated that our approach can generate accurate and realistic outcomes in assessing trust and predicting the scope and impact of different trust factors.
CFD analysis of bubble microlayer and growth in subcooled flow boiling

Abstract A numerical study of single bubble growth in turbulent subcooled flow boiling was carried out. The macro- and micro-regions of the bubble were analyzed by introducing a LES-microlayer model. Analogous to the unresolved sub-grid scale (SGS) in LES, a microlayer analysis was performed to capture the unresolved thermal scales for the micro-region heat transfer by deriving equations for the microlayer thickness at steady and transient states. The phase change at the macro-region was based on Volume-of-Fluid (VOF) interface tracking method coupled with adaptive mesh refinement (AMR). Large Eddy Simulation (LES) was used to model the turbulence characteristics. The numerical model was validated with multiple experimental data from the open literature. This study includes parametric variations that cover the operating conditions of boiling water reactor (BWR) and pressurized water reactor (PWR). The numerical model was used to study the microlayer thickness, growth rate, dynamics, and distortion of the bubble.
Rapid variation in upper-mantle rheology across the San Andreas fault system and Salton Trough, southernmost California, USA

We present new shear-wave splitting data showing systematic lateral variations in upper-mantle anisotropy across the plate boundary in southernmost California (USA). Beneath the Peninsular Ranges batholith, fast polarization directions parallel the direction of former Farallon subduction, suggestive of a slab remnant. Near the eastern edge of the batholith, across the Elsinore fault, fast polarization directions change rapidly to align with the direction of San Andreas fault shear. We infer that the Elsinore fault penetrates the entire lithosphere and may represent a future localization of the plate boundary that is migrating west from the San Andreas fault. Beneath the Salton Trough and the Chocolate Mountains region, large splitting times, despite a very thin lithosphere, imply vertical melt pockets in the uppermost mantle aligned in the shear direction. Largest splitting times, ∼1.2 s, are seen closest to the Sand Hills fault that projects southeast from the San Andreas fault. Further east, in the southern Basin and Range province, fast directions align with North America absolute plate motion.
Mew short-wavelength optical pump consisting of Mather-type dense plasma focus

Successful laser operation has been achieved, for the first time, by using the luminescent output of a Mather-type dense plasma focus (MDPF) as the optical pump.1 For the proof-of-principle experiments,2 laser dyes (such as rhodamine 6G, coumarin 480, and p-terphenyl) were employed as the active media, producing laser pulses with peak output power of ~50 kW.
Establishing a Framework for Successful Social Network Site Use in the Community College

ABSTRACTMany colleges and universities have created college-sponsored communities on Facebook and Twitter as a means to interact, connect, and build community online (Center for Community College Student Engagement, 2009; Wankel & Wankel, 2011). However, the literature provides no clear picture of how community college students use social network sites (SNS) or whether the use of SNS is associated with student outcomes as social integration into the campus environment, institutional commitment, and persistence (Davis, Deil-Amen, Rios-Aguilar, & Gonzalez Canche, 2012; Junco, 2012). The purpose of this quantitative research investigation was to examine the relationship between Social Networking Site use and social integration, institutional commitment, and persistence among students at a suburban community college. Findings revealed a significant relationship between SNS and social integration and institutional commitment; there was no significant relationship between SNS use and persistence. Recommendation...
Wind effects on the performance of solar collectors on rectangular flat roofs: A wind tunnel study

Wind induced convection is the main cause of heat loss for roof-mounted solar collectors. In this study the importance of using the actual wind velocity distributions over the whole roof area, instead of a commonly assumed single velocity of a reference location, is addressed through experimental measurements and numerical assessment of the performance of solar collectors placed on different locations over the roof of a typical rectangular building. The measurements were carried out at the Boundary Layer Wind Tunnel of Concordia University, for nine different locations on the roof, three different wind directions and cases concerning both an isolated building and a building with surroundings of various configurations. For the isolated building case, it was found that local velocities on different roof locations may vary more than 60% and the effect of these differences on the performance of solar collectors placed on these locations was assessed. In an attempt to generalize the results, 17 different surrounding configurations were considered. For a typical day in Montreal (with 4–7 m/s average wind speed), it was found that the thermal gains between solar collectors at different locations over the same roof could vary up to 21%.
Different Rules for Prosecutors

Are prosecutors subject to the same ethical rules as other lawyers? Or are they subject to different ethical rules? The answers to these questions, which we examine in this ethics column, are complicated, nuanced, and often far from clear. This is well illustrated by the way ethics authorities and judges have treated investigative deceit. This treatment demonstrates that prosecutors in all but a few jurisdictions are held to different ethical rules than other lawyers.
Collaborative mental health care for pediatric behavior disorders in primary care: Does it reduce mental health care costs?

Overview One recently completed randomized controlled trial (RCT) demonstrated the effectiveness of a doctor-office collaborative care (DOCC), relative to enhanced usual care (EUC), for pediatric behavior problems and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. In this study, we sought to extend the literature by incorporating a cost-analysis component at the conclusion of the aforementioned trial. To our knowledge, it was the first study to examine whether the DOCC model leads to lower costs of mental health services for children. Method Financial records from the RCT provided cost information about all the 321 child study participants in the 6-month intervention period, and claims data from insurance plans provided cost information about community mental health services for 57 children, whose parents consented to release their claims data, in both pre- and postintervention periods. Both descriptive and multivariate analyses were performed. Results The DOCC group had higher intervention costs, but the cost per patient treated in the DOCC group was lower than the EUC group during the 6-month intervention period. In terms of costs of community mental health services, although the 2 groups had similar costs in the 6 months before the RCT intervention, the DOCC group had significantly lower costs during the 6-month intervention period and 6 or 12 months after the intervention, but not in the 18 or 24 months after the intervention. Discussion The DOCC model has the potential for cost savings during the intervention period and the follow-up periods immediately after the intervention while improving clinical effectiveness. (PsycINFO Database Record
Adjuvant Human Papillomavirus Vaccination for Secondary Prevention: A Systematic Review.

Importance Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination is recommended for children and younger adults but not older adults or those with prior HPV exposure, leaving a large portion of the population at risk for HPV-mediated disease. Emerging data suggest a possible role for vaccination as an adjuvant treatment for individuals with HPV-related clinical disease. Objective To systematically review the literature regarding HPV vaccination for secondary disease prevention after treatment of active clinical disease across disease sites to serve as a platform for the management of HPV-related disease of the head and neck. Evidence Review A systematic search from August 3 to 21, 2015, of the PubMed, MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, Biosis Citation Index, Current Contents Connect, Scientific Library Online, and Global Health databases used PRISMA guidelines to identify 326 relevant articles related to adjuvant use of HPV vaccination. Primary search terms were ( HPV vaccine OR human papillomavirus vaccine OR papillomarvirus vaccines OR alphapapillomavirus vaccine ) AND ( HPV OR human papillomavirus OR alphapapillomavirus OR papillomaviridae OR virus warts OR wart virus ) AND ( recurrence OR relapse OR reoccurrence OR recurrences OR relapses OR relapsing ). Forty-five full texts in English were reviewed, with 19 articles included in the final review. In some studies, subpopulations of individuals with HPV DNA positivity and/or seropositivity were extracted for inclusion. Included studies were assessed for bias and separated based on the presence of active clinical disease or HPV DNA positivity or seropositivity. Findings Nineteen studies with 22 474 unique patients were included in the review. When HPV vaccination was used as an adjuvant treatment for active clinical disease, 9 of 12 studies reported decreased disease recurrence, decreased disease burden, or increased intersurgical interval. In contrast, none of the 7 studies of vaccination in individuals with HPV DNA positivity and/or seropositivity without clinical disease reported improved outcomes. Conclusions and Relevance Differences between adjuvant vaccination in HPV-mediated clinical disease and vaccination in HPV DNA–positive and/or HPV-seropositive populations posit underlying differences in disease and immune processes. These data suggest that additional evaluation of adjuvant HPV vaccination in individuals with active clinical disease is warranted.
Sequential estimation based on conditional cost

We consider the problem of parameter estimation under a sequential framework. Specifically we assume that an i.i.d. random process is observed sequentially with its common pdf having a random parameter that must be estimated. We are interested in designing a stopping time that will decide when is the best moment to stop sampling the process and an estimator that will use the acquired samples in order to provide the desired estimate. We follow a semi-Bayesian approach where we assign cost to the pair (estimate, true parameter) and our goal is to minimize the average sample size guaranteeing at the same time an average cost below some prescribed level. For our analysis we adopt a conditional average cost which leads to a considerable simplification in the sequential estimation problem, otherwise known to be analytically intractable. We apply our results to a number of examples and compare our method with the optimum fixed sample size but also with existing sequential schemes.
Preface: Twenty-Second Target Fabrication Speciaists Meeting

The Twenty-Second Target Fabrication Specialists Meeting (TFM-22) was held in Las Vegas, Nevada, March 12–16, 2017. TFM-22 was the largest TFM in recent history, attended by more than 130 scientist...
GPU-accelerated fault dictionary generation for the TRAX fault model

This paper presents the design and implementation of a fault simulator for the TRAnsition-X fault model (TRAX for short) on a graphics processing unit (GPU). Fault dictionaries are an important aspect of on-chip fault detection and diagnosis. Generating a fault dictionary requires fault simulation with no fault dropping, requiring extensive computational resources. The inherent parallelism of the fault simulation problem maps well to the large number of concurrent threads supported by a modern GPU, and a GPU can be used to accelerate the construction of a fault dictionary. Our approach employs both pattern-parallel and fault-parallel algorithms in the GPU kernel implementations. Experiments involving various circuits, including the OpenSPARC T2 processor, demonstrate a speed-up of over 42x.
Heritable Ovarian Cancer

The development of some ovarian cancers is partially due to an inherited genetic predisposition, involving primarily hereditary mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes (breast–ovarian cancer syndrome) or in mismatch repair genes (Lynch syndrome or hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer syndrome). This article discusses in depth the pathogenesis and diagnosis of these two hereditary syndromes and explains how the molecular genetics is changing the way ovarian cancer is understood. Less common hereditary syndromes associated with ovarian tumors (Peutz–Jeghers syndrome and Gorlin syndrome) are also briefly summarized.
Shape and fluid drag: an experience with just-in-time learning

Just-in-time learning emphasizes an approach that tends to be learner-controlled, and relatively modular in nature. In an undergraduate course on Fluid Mechanics at the University of Wisconsin-Stout, students worked in small groups to learn about the essentials of form drag in a one-hour laboratory session. There was no prior lecture on this topic in class. Based on observing the visualization of flow around a sphere, and analysis of the corresponding force measurements taken by them, students developed a working understanding of the nature of drag. They built upon this understanding by making informal predictions about the drag and flow corresponding to several other simple shapes, and tested out their hypotheses immediately in the lab. The hands-on, learner-driven approach helped to build in the students a strong intuitive sense of how flows interact with different shapes. In the process, they were also exposed to a range of experimental methods in fluid mechanics, and the importance of relevant non-dimensional parameters from a utilitarian perspective. From a pedagogical perspective, it was an interesting demonstration of the attributes of just-in-time learning: small groups of students with disparate strengths and interests worked together to understand a complex problem, and developed a refined sense of predictive ability by utilizing a broad range of tools and information bases.
Human immunoglobulins: classes, subclasses, genetic variants, and idiotypes.

Publisher Summary The immunoglobulin classes and subclasses represent a group of structurally related proteins, and in all instances consist of two pairs of polypeptide chains held together by disulfide bridges and noncovalent forces. The immunoglobulins can be classified according to three different parameters related to different antigenic and biochemical structures: (1) heavy-chain C regions constitute the basis for the different classes and subclasses; (2.) light-chain C regions specify the types or subtypes; and (3.) variable regions of both heavy and light chains can be divided into different groups and subgroups. Immunoglobulin G is the major immunoglobulin class making up about 80% of serum immunoglobulin. There are four subclasses of immunoglobulin G that were first distinguished by antigenic differences. These also show distinct peptide and amino acid differences and differences in biological activities that are discussed in details in the chapter. Immunoglobulin A is the dominant immunoglobulin class in secretions and may be present in serum as a monomer or polymer. The antigenic properties of the immunoglobulins can be divided into three main categories: (1) antigens present in all normal sera are called “isotypes;” (2) antigens present in some but not in all normal sera and segregate as if controlled by allelic genes are called “azlotypes;” (3) antigenic properties related to one particular antibody population are called “individual specificities” or “idiotypes.”
Culture of Encounters: Sanskrit at the Mughal Court

The Mughals’ legacy is inextricably entangled with Persian, the dynasty’s primary language of administration and belles-lettres, and one of the dominant literary languages of India between the elev...
How Sleep Shapes Thalamocortical Circuit Function in the Visual System

Recent data have shown that sleep plays a beneficial role for cognitive functions such as declarative memory consolidation and perceptual learning. In this article, we review recent findings on the role of sleep in promoting adaptive visual response changes in the lateral geniculate nucleus and primary visual cortex following novel visual experiences. We discuss these findings in the context of what is currently known about how sleep affects the activity and function of thalamocortical circuits and current hypotheses regarding how sleep facilitates synaptic plasticity.
Development, Execution and Acceptance of a Manualized Dance/Movement Therapy Treatment Protocol for the Clinical Trial in the Treatment of Negative Symptoms and Psychosocial Functioning in Schizophrenia

The use of manual-based interventions that aim to improve outcomes and that allow for replication become a research standard in recent years. Currently, the dance/movement therapy English language literature contains few if any works on specific guidelines or models to help researchers conceptualize, develop, pilot, revise and execute treatment protocols. Therefore, this manuscript describes in detail the development of manualized dance/movement therapy treatment protocol for a clinical trial on the negative symptoms and psychosocial functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. It provides a comprehensive description of the step-by-step process of the creation and implementation of the intervention manual. As such it offers a guideline to help researchers conceptualize, develop, pilot, revise and execute the treatment protocol. Feasibility and acceptance findings are included. Discussion of the importance of the use of manualized treatment protocols in dance/movement therapy research and their limitations follows.
The Effect of School-Wide Positive Behavior Interventions and Supports on Disciplinary Exclusions: A Conceptual Replication.

Disciplinary exclusions, particularly out-of-school suspension and expulsions, are a pressing concern for schools, as research demonstrates that they are associated with myriad deleterious outcomes...
Making the Case for Age-Diverse Universities

Life expectancy has increased substantially; yet universities remain age-segregated and fail to educate people across the longer life course. Demographic shifts call for universities to change their orientation toward age and life course. Arguments as to why universities should serve students of all ages and operate as age-diverse communities include: ensuring the capacity of individual workers and the labor force; educating people to succeed in age-diverse settings; producing innovation in an aging society; supporting meaningful engagement, social connection, and cognitive health into later life; and ensuring the supply of students. Conceptual foundations for these arguments derive from ideas about age stratification, where chronological age is used as a criterion for inclusion or exclusion from social expectations, roles, and privileges and where age integration is viewed as a positive alternative. In response to population aging and the constraints associated with age segregation in higher education, the Age-Friendly University Global Network was formed to increase the inclusion of older learners in all aspects of university life. The challenge is to create conditions where nontraditionally aged students expect to engage fully in educational activities, where students of all ages are valued and supported, and where age diversity is a common feature of campus life. The transformation of our universities must be done for the sake of society, for younger and older people, and for the self-interest of institutions themselves.
“Se vale llorar y se vale reír”: Latina Immigrants’ Coping Strategies for Maintaining Mental Health in the Face of Immigration-Related Stressors

Latina immigrant women in the U.S. are at increased risk for poor mental health status, due to socioeconomic- and immigration-related stressors. We sought to describe the mechanisms linking immigration-related stressors and mental health, including how the current social and political climate affects women’s mental health status, and which coping strategies are used to maintain well-being. We conducted four focus groups with Latina immigrants (N = 58) recruited through local community-based organizations. We drew on the stages of migration framework to guide our study design and analysis. Focus group transcripts were analyzed to identify emergent themes across groups. On average, focus group participants were 35.5 years old and had lived in the U.S. for 12.5 years. Most were from Mexico. Participants reported immigration-related stressors including unsafe migration, worry about immigration enforcement, broken social ties, and limited access to health and social services. In the face of these stressors, they relied on transnational social networks and connections with other Latina immigrant women. Social ties with family in the U.S. also helped them alleviate social isolation and overcome barriers to social services. Those who were mothers expressed that their children were a source of encouragement and comfort with feelings of stress. Immigration policies that contribute to unsafe migration, worry about immigration enforcement, limited social ties, and limited access to social services were associated with increased stress among Latina immigrants who participated in the focus groups. These participants could benefit from increased access to mental health care and community-based programs that connect them to resources.
Robotic-assisted Vaginectomy During Staged Gender-affirming Penile Reconstruction Surgery: Technique and Outcomes.

Abstract Objective To report our novel technique and mid-term follow-up for robotic-assisted laparoscopic vaginectomy (RALV), a component procedure of staged gender-affirming penile reconstructive surgery. Materials and Methods The records of patients seeking gender-affirming penile reconstructive surgery who underwent RALV, performed by a single surgeon at our institution, between May 2016 and January 2020 were reviewed retrospectively for demographic and perioperative data. Patients were included irrespective of history of previous phalloplasty. A subset of these patients elected to have urethral lengthening during second stage phalloplasty for which an anterior vaginal mucosa flap urethroplasty was performed. Postoperative complications and outcomes and most recent follow-up were obtained. Results A total of 42 patients were reviewed, of whom 19 (45%) patients ultimately had radial forearm free flap, 15 (41%) had anterolateral thigh flap, 5 (12%) had metoidioplasty, and 1 (2.4%) had abdominal phalloplasty. A vaginal mucosa and gracilis flap was used in all of 36 (86%) patients in whom a pars fixa was created. Average operative time was 299 minutes (range 153-506). Median estimated blood loss was 200 mL (range 100-400). Median length of stay was 3 days (range 1-7). Complications within 30 days from surgery occurred in 15 patients (36%), of whom 12/15 were Clavien-Dindo grade 1 or 2, and 11/15 had complications unrelated to vaginectomy. Of the 4 patients who had vaginectomy-related complications, all resolved with conservative management. Median overall follow-up was 15.8 months. Conclusion RALV offers a safe and efficient approach during staged gender-affirming penile reconstruction and may mitigate the subsequent risk of urethral complications.
Effects of Interfering Cue Separation Distance and Amplitude on the Haptic Detection of Skin Stretch

Multi-sensory haptic cues, which contain several types of tactile stimuli that are presented concurrently to the user, have been shown to be useful for conveying information-rich cues. One limitation of multi-sensory cues is that user perception of individual cue components can be hindered by more salient components of the composite cue. In this article, we investigate how amplitude and distance between cues affect the perception of multi-sensory haptic cues. Specifically, participants’ absolute threshold perception of stretch cues was measured in the presence of interfering squeeze cues using a modular testbed. We evaluated ten conditions of varying interference amplitude and distance between cues. We found that interference cue amplitude and distance between cues both have a statistically significant effect on the absolute perception of stretch cues. As interference cue amplitude increases, and as distance between cues decreases, absolute perception of stretch cues worsens. These results inform design considerations for future wearable multi-sensory haptic devices, so that cue salience can be maximized and interference effects minimized.
Corneal Allograft Rejection Associated With Herpes Zoster Recombinant Adjuvanted Vaccine.

Purpose The purpose of this article is to report 3 cases of corneal allograft rejection that occurred in temporal proximity to administration of the zoster subunit vaccine (RZV). Methods Three cases of corneal transplant rejection that developed after RZV administration were identified. Clinical history, including existence of other risk factors, timing of rejection, corticosteroid therapy at the time of onset of rejection, and course were reviewed. Results The onset of symptoms occurred 5 weeks after the first RZV dose in 1 patient and 1 and 6 weeks after the second dose in the other 2 patients. Coexisting risk factors included history of endothelial keratoplasty in the fellow eye in 1 patient and previous failure of a penetrating keratoplasty because of rejection in a second patient. The third patient had a history of 1 episode of rejection in a previous graft that resolved and then experienced graft failure over several years. In 2 patients, rejection developed despite relatively high levels of topical steroid therapy: prednisolone acetate 1%, 4 × per day in 1 patient and difluprednate 0.05%, 3 × per day in a second patient. Conclusions RZV, which elicits a more robust immune reaction than the zoster live-attenuated vaccine, ZVL, may increase the risk of allograft rejection in immunocompetent patients with preexisting corneal endothelial or penetrating transplants. Based on the available data, it may be reasonable to increase the topical corticosteroid regimen before the first dose, until approximately 3 months after the second dose of ZVL.
Treatment of Infantile Hemangiomas of the Head and Neck

When considering the treatment of infantile hemangiomas, several questions must be answered. Whether or not to treat, when to treat, and how to treat. During the past decade, the paradigm for the treatment of hemangiomas has changed. Propranolol has become the first line of therapy. However, there are instances where surgery and or laser treatment is indicated. Lesions that fail to respond or inadequately respond to propranolol, or where propranolol is contraindicated, should be considered. We have selected various anatomical sites to demonstrate the various problems and surgical techniques.
Winning the Baldrige Award: How the Henry Ford Health System Undertook a Five‐Year Improvement Process

Henry Ford Health Systems (HFHS) won the 2011 Baldrige Award, a major accomplishment. This achievement resulted from a systemwide focus on minimizing and controlling medical errors, a cultural shift to stimulate innovation and creative problem solving, and service excellence at every level. The five-year effort centered on meeting Baldrige Award criteria, typically utilized in the for-profit setting. When applied to the nonprofit sector, HFHS managed to reduce costs, reduce medication and treatment errors, introduce multiple creative clinical programs, and launch a new Ritz Carlton-quality, hotel-style service.
WHO BENEFITS FROM JOB CORPS? A DISTRIBUTIONAL ANALYSIS OF AN ACTIVE LABOR MARKET PROGRAM

SUMMARY Using recently developed econometric techniques to estimate quantile treatment effects (QTE) and experimental data, we examine the impact of Job Corps on earnings distribution. Our results indicate a great deal of heterogeneity in the effects of Job Corps. The QTEs show an increasing pattern along the earnings distribution, with much more pronounced differences at the upper quantiles for males, whites, and ages 20–24. Moreover, we find the QTEs to be very small at quantiles below the median for males, ages 16–17 and 18–19, and non-resident students. We propose strong economic conditions and skill hypotheses to explain the heterogeneity observed over the earnings distribution. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Wet shape memory alloy actuators for active vasculated robotic flesh

A new type of actuator is presented where shape memory alloy (SMA) wires are embedded within artificial "blood vessels." Fluid flowing through vessels allows the SMA wires to be rapidly cooled by convection, resulting in greater bandwidth than ordinarily possible. Combinations of electric, fluidic, and thermal inputs can be used to control the contraction/extension of the SMA wires within the compliant vessels. These wet vascular SMA actuators can be used as robotic muscle or even embedded in a compliant rubber material to create an active vasculated robotic flesh. This paper begins by proposing a type of biomimetics where robots and machines are imbued with a vasculature or network of blood vessels. The concept of a wet SMA actuator is then introduced as an immediate application of a vasculated robot. A wet SMA actuator is then designed and implemented. Initial prototypes are 3 mm in diameter and are capable of 2% strain at 2 Hz by pulsing 2 A of current and 3 mL/s of water. Reservoirs of hot and cold water are also used to recycle the thermal energy and allow the actuators to exert static force with no electric current. Finally, multiple vascular SMA actuators are imbedded within a 4 mm thick rubber sheet to implement the active vasculated robotic flesh.
Mrs. Dred Scott: A Life on Slavery's Frontier – By Lea VanderVelde

This volume follows Harriet Scott from 1835, when she was a slave girl taken to the Northwest Territory, to 1857, when her family experienced momentary fame after defeat in the U.S. Supreme Court i...
Perception-Based Functions in Qualitative Forecasting

Summary. Perception-based function (PBF) is a fuzzy function obtained as a result of reconstruction of human judgments given by a sequence of rules Rk: If T is Tk then S is Sk, where Tk are perception-based intervals defined on the domain of independent variable T, and Sk are perception-based shape patterns of variable S on interval Tk. Intervals Tk can be expressed by words like Between N and M, Approximately M, Middle of the Day, End of the Week, etc. Shape patterns Sk can be expressed linguistically, e.g., as follows: Very Large, Increasing, Quickly Decreasing and Slightly Concave, etc. PBF differs from the Mamdani fuzzy model which defines a crisp function usually obtained as a result of tuning of function parameters in the presence of training crisp data. PBF is used for reconstruction of human judgments when testing data are absent or scarce. Such reconstruction is based mainly on scaling and granulation of human knowledge. PBF can be used in Computing with Words and Perceptions for qualitative evaluation of relations between variables. In this chapter we discuss application of PBF to qualitative forecasting of a new product life cycle. We consider new parametric patterns used for modeling convex–concave shapes of PBF and propose a method of reconstruction of PBF with these shape patterns. These patterns can be used also for time series segmentation in perception-based time series data mining.
Analysis of cerebral structural changes in systemic lupus erythematosus by proton MR spectroscopy.

PURPOSE To determine whether cerebral atrophy in systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with decreased levels of the neuronal marker N-acetyl-aspartic acid. METHODS Two groups of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus were studied, those with significant atrophy (n = 11) and those without significant atrophy (n = 10), using proton MR spectroscopy on a 1.5-T imaging unit. The solvent-suppressed, short-echo, volume-localized proton spectroscopy technique showed typical brain metabolites, including N-acetylaspartate, creatine/phosphocreatine, and choline-containing compounds. RESULTS The N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine/phosphocreatine ratio was smaller in those patients with significant cerebral atrophy (1.68 +/- 0.27) than in those patients with minimal or no atrophy (2.17 +/- .30). The degree of atrophy was negatively correlated with the N-acetylaspartate-to-creatine/phosphocreatine ratio. The choline-to-creatine/phosphocreatine ratio was not significantly altered in systemic lupus erythematosus patients with atrophy. CONCLUSION These data suggest that cerebral atrophy in systemic lupus erythematosus is associated with neuronal dropout (or damage), which results in decreased N-acetylaspartate ratios. A change in choline ratios is not implicated in the biochemical changes associated with cerebral atrophy. Proton MR spectroscopy may be useful in correlating brain metabolites with cerebral structural changes in patients with autoimmune diseases.