cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An algebraic approach to data mining: some examples

We introduce an algebraic approach to the foundations of data mining. Our approach is based upon two algebras of functions defined over a common state space X and a pairing between them. One algebra is an algebra of state space observations, and the other is an algebra of labeled sets of states. We interpret H as the algebraic encoding of the data and the pairing as the misclassification rate when the classifier f is applied to the set of states X. We give a realization theorem giving conditions on formal series of data sets built from D that imply there is a realization involving a state space X, a classifier f /spl isin/ R and a set of labeled states /spl chi/ /spl isin/ R/sub 0/ that yield this series.
Timing of Magmatic Activity and Mineralization and Evidence of a Long-Lived Hydrothermal System in the Fresnillo Silver District, Mexico: Constraints from 40ar/39Ar Geochronology

The ore deposits of Fresnillo have produced silver for more than 450 years and contain resources of approximately 1 Goz. Mineralization in Fresnillo occurs in epithermal veins hosted by a Middle Jurassic to Late Cretaceous volcanosedimentary sequence (Guerrero terrane). Late Paleocene conglomerates and Eocene to Oligocene tuffs and flows of trachyte, rhyolite, and rhyodacite lie unconformably on top of the Guerrero terrane. Steam-heated acid sulfate alteration containing alunite veins occurs in Eocene tuffs above some of the mineralized veins. Oligocene rhyolitic domes and a quartz-monzonite stock also occur in the area, whereas sporadic Miocene basaltic flows and dikes are the youngest igneous rocks in the district. Spatial association of Tertiary volcanic rocks, intrusions, acid sulfate alteration, and epithermal veins makes the district ideal for evaluating the temporal relations between magmatism and hydrothermal activity using precise 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. Sanidine single crystal laser fusion analyses reveal discrete volcanic eruptions at 44.73 ± 0.04, 40.92 ± 0.04, 40.83 ± 0.04, 31.55 ± 0.03, and 31.04 ± 0.05 Ma. Dating of orthoclase from the Fortuna quartz-monzonite was problematic due to excess argon contamination, but a preferred age of 32.65 ± 0.05 Ma is suggested. Two adularia samples from the Jarillas vein give statistically identical ages of 29.75 ± 0.12 and 29.68 ± 0.10 Ma. Adularia from Valdecanas vein shows a climbing age spectrum related to hydrothermal alteration; however, a terminal step with an age of 29.74 ± 0.07 Ma suggests that the two veins may be coeval. Alunite recorded two distinct ages at 30.56 ± 0.04 and 31.03 ± 0.05 Ma. Alunite and adularia ages suggest that acid sulfate alteration and mineralization occurred separately well after emplacement of the dated phase of the Fortuna stock and, consequently, it cannot be the source of heat for the hydrothermal system that formed those. Finally, the ~3 m.y. difference in age between epithermal mineralization and the Fortuna stock is indicative of a long-lived but episodic hydrothermal system which could have been driven by multiple pulses of small and shallow intrusions.
Measuring the Problem A National Examination of Disproportionate Police Contact in the United States

This research examined socioeconomic variables, offending behavior, and prior police contact, as predictors of self-reported police contact (questioning or arrest). Utilizing multilevel models and eight waves of National Youth Survey Family Study data, the predictors were examined in a national sample of individuals, over 24 years. Results indicate that police contact is predominately predicted by sex, delinquent peers, and offending behavior. This suggests that several of the variables commonly discussed in police contact literature, including race, are not predictors of police contact at the national level in the United States. Implications of national-level findings on police policy are discussed.
Using Lyapunov Vectors and Dichotomy to Solve Hyper-Sensitive Optimal Control Problems

The dichotomic basis method for solving completely hyper-sensitive optimal control problems is modified by using Lyapunov exponents and vectors. It is shown that the asymptotic Lyapunov vectors form dichotomic transformations that decouple the unstable dynamics from the stable dynamics. For numerical implementation, finite-time Lyapunov vectors are used to approximate the asymptotic Lyapunov vectors and to construct an approximate dichotomic basis. A re-initialization process is introduced to decrease the error accumulation. The new basis identifies the stable and unstable directions more accurately than the eigenvectors of the Jacobian matrix.
Bcl-2 Family Gene Expression in Oropharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Dysregulation of apoptosis is a well-described characteristic of malignant transformation. In the field of colorectal cancer, the Bcl-2 family of apoptotic proteins has been characterized as a marker of poor prognosis and response to current chemotherapeutic agents. In head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), the role of Bcl-2 and associated apoptosis proteins is less well understood. Immunohistochemical staining was performed in order to assess for expression of Bcl-2, Bcl-Xl, and Bax in surgical or biopsy specimens of patients treated for oropharyngeal SCC from 1999-2009. This data was correlated with the clinical outcomes of recurrence and/or persistence of disease. Our findings on 20 specimens are presented. By establishing the association between these pathologic biomarkers and clinical characteristics of disease, more accurate diagnostic and prognostic tools will be available in the care of head and neck cancer patients.
Initial Assessment of Open Rotor Propulsion Applied to an Advanced Single-Aisle Aircraft

Application of high speed, advanced turboprops, or propfans, to subsonic transport aircraft received significant attention and research in the 1970s and 1980s when fuel efficiency was the driving focus of aeronautical research. Recent volatility in fuel prices and concern for aviation s environmental impact have renewed interest in unducted, open rotor propulsion, and revived research by NASA and a number of engine manufacturers. Unfortunately, in the two decades that have passed since open rotor concepts were thoroughly investigated, NASA has lost experience and expertise in this technology area. This paper describes initial efforts to re-establish NASA s capability to assess aircraft designs with open rotor propulsion. Specifically, methodologies for aircraft-level sizing, performance analysis, and system-level noise analysis are described. Propulsion modeling techniques have been described in a previous paper. Initial results from application of these methods to an advanced single-aisle aircraft using open rotor engines based on historical blade designs are presented. These results indicate open rotor engines have the potential to provide large reductions in fuel consumption and emissions. Initial noise analysis indicates that current noise regulations can be met with old blade designs and modern, noiseoptimized blade designs are expected to result in even lower noise levels. Although an initial capability has been established and initial results obtained, additional development work is necessary to make NASA s open rotor system analysis capability on par with existing turbofan analysis capabilities.
Structuring the puzzle: Protocol use in disease outbreak investigations

Disease outbreaks affect millions of Americans every year and have potentially large health and financial costs. State and local health departments in conjunction with the CDC have the responsibility for investigating and managing disease outbreaks. Individual states define dozens of diseases as reportable. To manage the scope and diversity of these diseases public health agencies rely on the use of protocols. Protocols can be effective tools for improving performance and reducing errors. However, there are limitations with the use of protocols in natural systems such as disease investigations. Our study included 41 semi-structured interviews with public health disease outbreak investigators. This paper discusses some of the benefits and limitations related to the use of protocols in disease outbreak investigations. We also suggest areas where Human Factors Engineering can support public health disease investigations.
Geographic Distribution and Dispersal Rate of Oxyops vitiosa (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a Biological Control Agent of the Invasive Tree Melaleuca quinquenervia in South Florida

We assess the geographic distribution and rate of spread of Oxyops vitiosa (Pascoe), a classical biological control agent of the invasive Australian tree Melaleuca quinquenervia (Cav.) S.T. Blake. This weevil has been released at 135 locations in south Florida, where it now occurs in 9 of 19 infested counties. When averaging dispersal distances among four representative sites, O. vitiosa spread at a rate of 0.99 (±0.28) km/yr, ranging from 0.10 to 2.78 km/yr. The rate of spread by O. vitiosa across melaleuca-dominated habitats was influenced by both ecological- and human-mediated parameters, including M. quinquenervia stand fragmentation (spatial separation among host plants), the number of weevils released, and time since release. The rate of spread was positively correlated with stand fragmentation level: high = 2.04, medium = 1.07, and low = 0.30 km/yr. By incorporating the dispersal rate from the highest fragmentation level into a simulation model we predicted that 138 months (June 2008) would be required for 50% of the habitat currently invaded by melaleuca to become infested at an economic weevil density (0.5 individuals per branch tip). At medium and low fragmentations, the model predicts 182 (February 2012) and 191 (November 2012) months, respectively. After examining the output from this basic model, we identified 16 possible redistribution sites that may accelerate the spread of the weevil.
Unequal Advantages The Intergenerational Effects of Parental Educational Mobility

Researchers and policymakers argue that expanding college access is one way to increase opportunities for students who would become the first in their families to enroll in a postsecondary institution. This article uses measures of educational attainment in the previous two generations to consider whether parents’ own histories of educational mobility and reproduction explain inequalities in how students prepare for college. Results suggest differences across generational categories in the types of colleges to which students apply and in the effects of parent-student discussions about topics related to college planning. These differences are explained by distinguishing the resources some families acquire through upward mobility from the resources that accumulate in families where educational privileges have been previously reproduced.
Moving Past Curricula and Strategies: Language and the Development of Adaptive Pedagogy for Immersive Learning Environments

Given current concerns internationally about student performance in science and the need to shift how science is being learnt in schools, as a community, we need to shift how we approach the issue of learning and teaching in science. In the future, we are going to have to close the gap between how students construct and engage with knowledge in a media-rich environment, and how school classroom environments engage them. This is going to require a shift to immersive environments where attention is paid to the knowledge bases and resources students bring into the classroom. Teachers will have to adopt adaptive pedagogical approaches that are framed around a more nuanced understanding of epistemological orientation, language and the nature of prosocial environments.
Avoiding postoperative malposition of upper body tunneled central venous catheters in children: Evaluating technique and depth of placement.

Abstract Background Suboptimal position of tunneled central venous catheters (Broviacs) decreases long-term catheter longevity, incurring morbidity and cost. We postulated that catheter malposition is related to patient's age, technique used, and initial catheter tip location (CTL). Methods We performed a retrospective review with 1-year follow-up of Broviacs placed in patients at our children's hospital from 3/2010 to 10/2013. We defined malposition as a noncentral CTL that required replacement, excluding catheters physically dislodged. We used logistic regression to determine whether age, technique and CTL predicted malposition with p-value Results Overall, 404 upper body Broviacs were placed in 282 children (median age=1.4years [IQR:0.45–5.35]). Thirty-six (8.9%) were replaced for malposition, at median of 84.5days [IQR:36–159]. We found that older children were less likely to develop malposition (OR=0.91,p=0.002). Adjusting for patient age and placement technique, catheters placed ≥1.5 vertebral bodies below the carina were less likely to be malpositioned (OR=0.37,p=0.015). Cox-regression shows the lateral technique to have the lowest rate of malposition within 90days (HR=0.30,p=0.03). Conclusion Older patients and lines placed 1.5 vertebral bodies below the carina are less likely to become malpositioned. Using the lateral approach for insertion improves catheter longevity.
Practical peritoneal dialysis — the Tenckhoff catheter in acute renal failure

The problem of acquiring secure peritoneal access encompasses most of the history of peritoneal dialysis. We review the catheters available for children and describe a simple method of insertion of Tenckhoff catheters for acute dialysis. Two series of Tenckhoff catheters inserted in this way are presented and compared with results obtained with trocar- and guidewire-inserted catheters. Tenckhoff catheters inserted as described allow significantly longer periods of dialysis (P<0.02) with significantly fewer problem episodes (P<0.001). We conclude that the use of the Tenckhoff catheter for acute dialysis, when inserted in the way described, confers significant advantages over other catheters and permits secure peritoneal access.
Lipids of the Fasting Mouse. IV. Liver Total Lipid Content

SummaryYoung adult male albino mice lose about one-third of the initial body weight during a 5 day fast. The liver weight decreases logarithmically. In the first 2 days of fasting a marked increase was observed in total liver lipid of young, male mice. Thereafter a decrease to less than normal values followed on the third to fifth fasting days.
Formulation and Analysis of the Probability of Detection and False Detection for Subsea Leak Detection Systems

Insuring the integrity of subsea process component is one of the primary business objectives for oil and gas industry. One of the systems used to insure reliability of a pipeline, is the Leak Detection System (LDS). Different leak detection systems use different technologies for detecting and locating leaks that could result from pipelines. One technology in particular that is gaining wide acceptance by the industry is the optical leak detection systems. This technology has great potential for subsea pipelines applications. It is the most suited for underwater applications due to the ease of installation and reliable sensing capabilities. Having pipelines underwater in the deep sea present a greater challenge and a potential threat to the environment and operation. Thus, there is a need to have a reliable and effective system to provide the assurances that the monitored subsea pipeline is safe and functioning as per operating conditions. Two important performance parameters that are of concern to operators are the probability of detection and probability of false alarm. This article presents a probabilistic formulation of the probability of detection and probability of false detection for fiber optic LDS based systems.© 2014 ASME
The Competitive Effects of the Louisiana Scholarship Program on Public School Performance

Given the significant growth rate and geographic expansion of private school choice programs over the past two decades, it is important to examine how traditional public schools respond to the sudden injection of competition for students and resources. This article uses 1) a school fixed effects approach, and 2) a regression discontinuity framework to examine the achievement impacts of the Louisiana Scholarship Program (LSP). This targeted school voucher program has provided public funds for low-income students in low-performing public schools to enroll in participating private schools since the 2012-13 school year. The main findings of the competitive effects analysis reveal neutral to positive impacts that are small in magnitude. Effects are largest for students attending those public schools most affected by the competitive threat. Policy implications are discussed.
The Problems and Countermeasures in Nationalization of Packaging Design

Objective To study the existence problems and countermeasures in the process of national packaging design. Methods Social investigation,example analysis and induction analysis method are used to study the nationalization process of packaging design. Conclusion The strengthening understanding of our national culture,the fusion and inheritance of Chinese traditional culture can effectively promote the nationalization process of packaging design.
Silicate Analysis as Viewed by Geological Surveys

Nowhere is silicate analysis more commonly encountered than in the laboratories of geological surveys. Whether instrumental or wet, it is one of the most difficult and exacting forms of analysis, often requiring many hours for one determination. As analysts in such laboratories are confronted with a bewildering variety of samples, they must be familiar with many chemical and physical methods of analysis. A particular philosophy and special types of training are required of a successful analyst in this field. A geological working environment poses special problems for silicate analysts. The reasons for making so many silicate analyses and the scope and degree of difficulty of such analyses are explained, and analytical applications and unusual silicate work at the Illinois State Geological Survey are discussed and illustrated.
Zebrafish Models for Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis Research

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death. Elevated circulating concentrations of lipids are a central pathogenetic driver of atherosclerosis. While numerous effective therapies for this condition have been developed, there is substantial unmet need for this pandemic illness. Here, I will review nutritional, physiological, genetic, and pathological discoveries in the emerging zebrafish model for studying dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. The technical and physiological advantages and the pharmacological potential of this organism for discovery and validation of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis targets are stressed through summary of recent findings. An emerging literature shows that zebrafish, through retention of a cetp ortholog gene and high sensitivity to ingestion of excess cholesterol, rapidly develops hypercholesterolemia, with a pattern of distribution of lipid species in lipoprotein particles similar to humans. Furthermore, recent studies leveraging the optical transparency of zebrafish larvae to monitor the fate of these ingested lipids have provided exciting insights to the development of dyslipidemia and atherosclerosis. Future directions for investigation are considered, with particular attention to the potential for in vivo cell biological study of atherosclerotic plaques.
An in vitro model yields 'importin' new insights into chronic traumatic encephalopathy: damaged astrocytes stop 'thrombospondin' to the injury: An Editorial Highlight for 'Defective synthesis and release of astrocytic thrombospondin-1 mediates the neuronal TDP-43 proteinopathy, resulting in defects in neuronal integrity associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: in vitro studies'.

Read the highlighted article ‘Defective synthesis and release of astrocytic thrombospondin-1 mediates the neuronal TDP-43 proteinopathy, resulting in defects in neuronal integrity associated with chronic traumatic encephalopathy: in vitro studies’ on page 645.
Observation of Phase-Filling Singularities in the Optical Dielectric Function of Highly Doped n -Type Ge

Phase-filling singularities in the optical response function of highly doped (>10^{19} cm^{-3}) germanium are theoretically predicted and experimentally confirmed using spectroscopic ellipsometry. Contrary to direct-gap semiconductors, which display the well-known Burstein-Moss phenomenology upon doping, the critical point in the joint density of electronic states associated with the partially filled conduction band in n-Ge corresponds to the so-called E_{1} and E_{1}+Δ_{1} transitions, which are two-dimensional in character. As a result of this reduced dimensionality, there is no edge shift induced by Pauli blocking. Instead, one observes the "original" critical point (shifted only by band gap renormalization) and an additional feature associated with the level occupation discontinuity at the Fermi level. The experimental observation of this feature is made possible by the recent development of low-temperature, in situ doping techniques that allow the fabrication of highly doped films with exceptionally flat doping profiles.
Accounting for Water Stored in Superabsorbent Polymers in Increasing the Degree of Hydration and Reducing the Shrinkage of Internally Cured Cementitious Mixtures

The use of superabsorbent polymers (SAPs) in cementitious materials has attracted much attention recently due to the potential benefits associated with internal curing. In this study, a commercially produced SAP is characterized using pore solution absorption and desorption measurements. The SAP helps maintain higher internal relative humidity in the pastes, resulting in a reduction in autogenous shrinkage. This paper explores the effects of partial SAP replacements and compares the results to those obtained using a previously developed relationship based on pore size distribution and relative humidity measurements, which aims to predict the reduction in shrinkage coming from additional internal curing water. Using this approach reduces the amount of SAP used for internal curing, as compared to the more conventional design methodology, which is based on providing a volume of internal curing water that is equivalent to the total chemical shrinkage. Experimental data showed that only a fraction of the provided internal curing water ends up filling the pores and reducing the autogenous shrinkage. Other factors, such as increased degree of hydration and partial desorption of the internal curing agent, account for the sharing of the available internal curing water. The aforementioned approach was modified to consider these factors. It can be concluded that using lower amounts of SAP results in substantial reduction of autogenous shrinkage at early ages, and the developed relationship predicts this shrinkage reduction.
Per oral endoscopic myotomy: early experience and safety of a multispecialty approach.

Per oral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) has gained increasing popularity for treating achalasia. A multidisciplinary approach may allow safe and early adoption of POEM into clinical practice. We performed a retrospective review of our initial POEM cases. All procedures were performed by a team of interventional gastroenterologist and thoracic surgeon. We analyzed demographics, comorbidities, achalasia subtypes, length of hospital stay, duration of surgery, morbidity, mortality, length of myotomy, preoperative and postoperative Eckardt scores. Thirty-one consecutive patients underwent POEM during the 24-month period from January 2014 to December 2015. Eighteen patients (58%) had prior non-operative interventions. Average duration of follow-up was 9.6 months. Seventeen patients (66.8%) had follow-up of 12 months and longer. Average preoperative Eckardt score was 6.3 (3–10), median 6. Average postoperative Eckardt score was 1.4 (0–8), median 1, in 1 month and an average 2.2, median 1, in 1 year. Patients with type III achalasia were most refractory to treatment, while patients with type II had the best results. Average LOS was 1.3 days (1–5), median 1 day. Average DOS was 106 min (60–148), median 106. Average LOM was 13 cm (10–15), with median of 13 cm. We had one 30-day mortality secondary to coronary artery disease. Four patients had prior Heller myotomies and underwent a posterior myotomy during POEM, with outcomes similar to patients with no prior myotomy. We demonstrated safety and efficiency of a multispecialty approach for achalasia with POEM with a low rate of complications.
Responding as a Nonphysician Healthcare Provider

With the ever-increasing volume of air traffic combined with longer flights, passengers with comorbidities, and effects of air travel and pressure changes, medical emergencies are bound to happen. As a registered nurse (RN) or emergency medical services (EMS) professional, it is imperative to be knowledgeable and prepared in the event of an in-flight emergency. Because laws to protect volunteers can vary from state to state and country to country, one must strictly abide by one’s scope of practice even in the air. One of the most important roles of a RN or EMS professional during an in-flight emergency is to take a detailed history and conduct a thorough assessment to better ascertain the patient’s condition even before considering interventions. While airlines are required to have medical equipment such as a first-aid kit, an emergency medical kit containing both medications and supplies, and an automatic external defibrillator, these tools should only be used in accordance with one’s licensure and skill. However, if ordered by a licensed independent practitioner or medical command either in air or via communication to the ground, a RN or EMS professional may carry out interventions as directed.
Impact of a low intensity and broadly inclusive ED care coordination intervention on linkage to primary care and ED utilization.

Abstract Objective We aim to evaluate the effectiveness of a broadly inclusive, comparatively low intensity intervention linking ED patients to a primary care home. Methods This retrospective cohort study evaluated ED patients referred for primary care linkage in a large, urban, academic ED. A care coordination specialist performed a brief interview to gauge access barriers and provide a clinic referral with optional scheduling assistance. Data were abstracted from program records and the electronic medical record. The primary outcome was the proportion of referred individuals who attended at least one primary care appointment. Secondary outcomes included return ED encounters within one year, and factors associated with linkage outcomes. Results There were 2142 referrals made for 2064 patients; 1688/2142 accepted assistance. Linkage was successful for 1059/1688 (63%, CI95 60% to 65%). Among patients accepting assistance, those without successful linkage were younger (41 vs 45 years, difference 3 years, CI95 2 to 3), more often male (62% vs 55%,difference 7%, CI95 2% to 12%), and less likely to have a chronic medical condition (37% vs 45%, difference 8%; CI95 3% to 12%) or to have had an appointment scheduled within two weeks (26% vs 33%, difference 7%, CI95 2% to 12%). Insurance status and self-reported barriers to care were not associated with linkage success. Patterns of subsequent ED use were similar, regardless of referral status or linkage outcome. Conclusion Low intensity, broadly inclusive, ED care coordination linked nearly 50% of patients referred for intervention, and two-thirds of willing participants, with a primary care home.
Contemporary Framing of Technology in Mathematics Teaching

Many types of powerful digital technologies have been part of secondary school mathematics classrooms and mathematics teacher education in many places for decades. However, research on technology in teacher preparation continues to be sparse and challenging to synthesize. To organize and probe ideas, researchers and practitioners need better ways to frame their work. In this chapter, a blend of three conceptual tools is connected to existing literature to describe prospective secondary mathematics teachers’ (PMSTs’) professional growth in technology, content, and pedagogy in integrated and dynamic ways. The blending of Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge (TPACK); Mathematical Understanding for Secondary Teaching (MUST); and Play, Use, Recommend, Incorporate, and Assess (PURIA) perspectives underscores the complexity of learning to teach mathematics with technology.
Developing Minds: Psychology, Neoliberalism and Power

Taking to task the earnest application of fashionable principles, this book’s forceful argument highlights a number of reasons to not only be sceptical of the place of psychological knowledge in de...
Osteoimmunology: The Bone-Immune Crosstalk

The term osteoimmunology was first used in 2000 by Professors Arron and Choi (2001). This monograph does not seek to repeat our knowledge of the fundamental inter-relationship between the bone and the immune systems. Rather, the intent of this writing is to expand our understanding of the implications and applications of this novel aspect of the basic sciences by integrating it in the emerging priorities of evidence-based clinical decision-making and comparative effectiveness research.
A New Era for the Human-Computer Interaction Community

It is with much anticipation and great excitement that the HCI community welcomes the Transactions on HumanComputer Interactions. With the hard work and determination of two very dedicated co-editors, Ping Zhang and Dennis Galletta, our special interest group has ensured that high quality research in HCI has a high quality outlet for publication. I echo Jane Carey’s excitement for the leading role the SIG has played in developing a journal dedicated to the discipline of the group and hope to see others follow in its footsteps.
Using the Web to Increase Healthful Meal Behavior in Young Adults

Objective: Young adulthood, 18-24 years of age, is a transitional time when adverse changes in body weight often occur and being overweight at this age is linked to obesity by mid-thirties. Approaches targeted to this life-stage are needed to prevent unhealthy weight gain. Regular and healthful meals have been associated with obesity prevention. The objective is to report on the effectiveness of Project YEAH (a theory-based, web-delivered weight maintenance intervention) to improve self-instruction and self-regulation for healthful mealtime behavior. Methods: Investigators from 13 different states collaborated to develop Project YEAH (10 week intervention with a 12 month follow-up period) using the community based participatory research method of PRECEDE-PROCEED. The intervention consisted of 21 interactive-modules (introduction, 7 on healthful eating behavior, 4 on incorporating daily physical activity, 5 on managing daily stress, 2 on weight management techniques and a conclusion) developed using Dick and Carey's Model of Instructional Design and stage-tailored email “nudges” (3/week during intervention and 3/month during follow-up period) reinforcing the content of the interactive modules. Experimental participants were required to set weekly goals. 1639 college students recruited via face-to-face methods (i.e. in-class and residential life housing meetings, plus e-mails, letters, and flyers) were randomly assigned to the experimental or control group. Experimental and control participants were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and follow-up for self-instruction for intention for planning, choosing and assembling healthful meals and engaging in healthful meal behavior using six items about self-instruction for intention for healthful meal behavior (Cronbach's α 0.73)and four about self-regulation for healthful meal behavior (Cronbach's α 0.71). To determine differences between intervention and control outcome variables, PROC MIXED repeated measures analysis was performed in SAS (version 9.3, SAS, Gary, North Carolina) including the fixed effects of time, gender and group. Significance set at P≤0.05. Results: The experimental participants recorded both significantly greater self-instruction for healthful meal behavior (baseline 3.2± 0.8, post-intervention 3.6±0.8, mean ± standard deviation) and self-regulation for healthful meal behavior (baseline 3.2±0.7, post-intervention 3.6±0.7) than control participants (self-instruction, baseline 3.2±0.8, post-intervention 3.4±0.8; self-regulation, baseline 3.4±0.7, post-intervention 3.5±0.7). There were no differences between groups at follow-up. Conclusions: Project YEAH has the potential to improve intention for planning, choosing and assembling healthful meals and engaging in healthful meal behavior in 18-24 year olds. []
A fast first-cut protocol for agent coordination

This paper presents a fast probabilistic method for coordination based on Markov processes, provided the agents' goals and preferences are sufficiently compatible. By using Markov chains as the agents' inference mechanism, we are able to analyze convergence properties of agent interactions and to determine bounds on the expected times of convergence. Should the agents' goals or preferences not be compatible, they can detect this situation since coordination has not been achieved within a probabilistic time bound and the agents can then resort to a higher-level protocol. The application, used for motivating the discussion, is the scheduling of tasks, though the methodology may be applied to other domains. Using this domain, we develop a model for coordinating the agents and demonstrate its use in two examples.
The Onset of Dilute Polymer Solution Phenomena

It is shown that in dilute polymer solution flows anomalous behaviour begins — onsets — abruptly. The experimental evidence concerning onset in turbulent pipe flow is reviewed and the observed effects of flow and polymeric parameters summarized. Theoretical approaches to pipe flow onset are analysed and three types of onset hypotheses are evaluated against experimental data. A semi-empirical correlation is presented for onset in pipes. Onset results are used to derive the ratios of macromolecular/eddy length and time scales. The possible influence of steric factors is noted.
Taking climate change here and now – mitigating ideological polarization with psychological distance

Abstract Construal level theory of psychological distance suggests that people are likely to pay more attention to contextual cues when appraising proximal, rather than distant stimuli. We tested the theory in the climate change context by examining if framing climate change impacts in a psychologically close way may motivate the American public to support climate-mitigating policies and enact climate-mitigating actions, accounting for their political ideology, cultural worldview, and environmental value. Results of an experimental survey based on a large adult sample (N = 1,086) supported some of our hypotheses. Ideological polarization in climate change perception was reduced when climate change impact was portrayed as influencing a spatially close and familiar exemplar, as compared to a spatially distant and novel exemplar. However, cultural worldview and environmental value had consistent influence on policy support and environmental action, regardless of message framing.
A Dynamic Signal Control Approach for Integrated Ramp and Mainline Metering

Freeway merges are one of the most significant sources of traffic congestion. This study proposes a dynamic signal control algorithm for an integrated ramp and mainline metering control strategy to improve freeway operation and reduce environmental impacts at freeway merging areas. The presented algorithm uses real-time traffic sensor information to predict the future status of downstream queue and dynamically control the signal. For safety reasons, the mainline signal control is activated only when a significant speed drop is detected at all lanes of the mainline and the traffic has been already almost stopped. The results of the simulation analyses on a real-world calibrated network show a maximum of 15.7% improvement in average speed, 20.9% reduction in average delay, and 13.7% decrease in CO emission.
Salesperson time perspectives and customer willingness to pay more: roles of intraorganizational employee navigation, customer satisfaction, and firm innovation climate

This research aims to fill a critical gap in the sales literature by proposing a relationship-based model of customer willingness to pay more, involving salesperson time perspectives (i.e., long-term perspective and short-term perspective), intraorganizational employee navigation, and customer satisfaction with the salesperson. We also examine the moderating role of firm innovation climate. Multisource survey data were collected from 204 salespeople in a business-to-business sales context along with external ratings from customers of these salespeople three months later. The findings indicate that both long- and short-term perspectives have positive effects on intraorganizational employee navigation and customer satisfaction, which, in turn, positively affect customer willingness to pay more. In addition, short-term perspective has a stronger impact than long-term perspective on intraorganizational employee navigation. Further, the effect of long-term perspective on customer satisfaction is strengthened by the innovation climate of the firm, whereas the effect of short-term perspective on customer satisfaction is weakened by it.
Using community-based methods to create a geospatial asset map of physical activity spaces in Pasadena, TX

Sharing of physical activity spaces is supported by the American Heart Association and other leading public health authorities as one strategy to increase access to physical activity. The purpose of this study was to identify facilities within Pasadena, TX, that currently provide opportunities for active recreation, sport, and other forms of physical activity and analyze community access to these spaces from a geospatial perspective. Geospatial analysis was used to identify physical activity spaces and issues relevant to access. Using a community-based approach, the research team worked with partners to create a list of individuals responsible for each of the physical activity spaces. These "facility administrators" were contacted by email and then phone for a total of four attempts. Respondents were asked to complete an online shared use survey. An asset map was created from both local geospatial data (Pasadena, TX) and data from a facility access and shared use survey. Of the 39 facility administrators, 23 responded to the survey and consisted of the park director, school principals, lead pastors and clergy, and business owners. A total of 53 facilities were identified within the priority zip codes, including 30 parks, 25 schools, 9 faith-based organizations, and 4 others (a business, a nonprofit health care center, and two community-based organizations). Overall, there were 131 total amenities, and playgrounds, outdoor basketball courts, and ball fields were the most common types. Some facilities had multiple amenities at their location, including many of the parks and schools. Additionally, respondents noted other types of amenities where activity took place such as parking lots, grassy areas, classrooms, and other indoor areas. Many of the amenities, 102, were open to the general public and 28 were found to be in good condition. Findings suggest that there is inadequate access to physical activity spaces in this underserved community. There is a need for additional play spaces in Northern Pasadena and for future research bridging community health and geospatial mapping.
Moduli spaces of type $$\mathcal {B}$$ B surfaces with torsion

We examine moduli spaces of locally homogeneous surfaces of Type $$\mathcal {B}$$ with torsion where the symmetric Ricci tensor is non-degenerate. We also determine the space of affine Killing vector fields in this context.
Reflections on the Challenges of Mentoring

Mentoring mathematics students continues to be a challenge, for me and surely for others. I taught in the EDGE Program at Spelman in the summer of 2004. To help students make the transition from undergraduate to graduate school, I decided to offer a sample of a first year graduate algebra course. While this was not a terrible approach, it missed the mark on some of the key goals of the program. In this article I describe the challenges of mentoring young women at this stage, with more questions than answers. Along the way I mention some of my own experiences, and my observations of the power of the EDGE Program.
A route to limit cycles via unfolding the pitchfork with feedback

Motivated by the problem of developing a system that can switch between low-level control vector fields, we study the feedback interconnection of a decision mechanism based on the pitchfork bifurcation with a plant whose dynamics are given by the linear combination of two control vector fields; the state of the pitchfork system then determines the linear combination coefficients for the plant. We show how the plant state can be fed back to the pitchfork by using the Lyapunov functions of the control vector fields as an unfolding parameter in the pitchfork, and derive conditions under which the closed-loop system exhibits a Hopf bifurcation leading to stable limit cycles.
A Generalized Technique to Accurately Predict Conformal Antenna Arrays

The purpose of this paper is model the array performance of an array of open waveguide antennas. In order to improve the prediction of the array pattern, a new equation with four coefficients was used to model each single element H-plane pattern. The four coefficients were related to known characteristics of each array fixture characterized used in the measurements in order to create four, stand alone equations. These equations are applied to the modified H-plane model and used to predict the performance of a conformal array H-plane pattern.
Depressurization induced morphology control in solid-state microcellular batch foaming process

AbstractThis research article describes the impact of the depressurization rate change on the morphology of microcellular polycarbonate foams (PCMFs) using batch-wise foaming with carbon dioxide as...
To oblivion and beyond: Imagining infrastructure after collapse:

Theorists of infrastructure have thought a great deal about time and temporality but have not often seriously considered the future of these massive and durable objects. This elision is notable due...
Properties and dynamics of plasmalemmal glycoconjugates in growing neurites.

Publisher Summary This chapter investigates distribution and changes of plasmalemmal glycoconjugates during neuronal differentiation, on the basis of the hypothesis that the cell surface is an important element in cellular recognition and developmental control mechanisms. It presents data that are obtained by cell surface labeling with ferritin-conjugated lectins that were then localized and quantified electron optically. The results indicate that both neural tube and crest cells and their derivatives acquire distinctive cell surface properties while still residing in the ectoderin. During the further differentiation of the neurons, surface glycoconjugate compositions change, but the difference between tube- and crest-derived neurons is maintained. In fact, within these two classes, each neuronal type expresses its own characteristic surface carbohydrate signature by the time it sends out axon and dendrites. During the neuriteforming phase of development, neurons increase their surface and maintain specific plasmalemmal properties by distal, localized insertion of pre-assembled membrane. Upon recognition of an appropriate target cell, axonal surface glycoconjugates are altered again during synaptogenesis—a process of localized membrane differentiation.
Conformational Dynamics in Extended RGD-Containing Peptides.

RGD is a prolific example of a tripeptide used in biomaterials for cell adhesion, but the potency of free or surface-bound RGD tripeptide is orders-of-magnitude less than the RGD domain within natu...
Characterization of multiphoton microscopes by the nonlinear knife-edge technique

Imaging submicron fluorescent microspheres are the standard method for measuring resolution in multiphoton microscopy. However, when using high-energy pulsed lasers, photobleaching and heating of the solution medium may deteriorate the images, resulting in an inaccurate resolution measurement. Moreover, due to the weak higher-order response of fluorescent microspheres, measuring three-photon resolution using three-photon fluorescence (3PEF) and third-harmonic generation (THG) signals is more difficult. In this report, we demonstrate a methodology for complete characterization of multiphoton microscopes based on second- and third-harmonic generation signals from the sharp edge of GaAs wafers. This simple methodology, which we call the nonlinear knife-edge technique, provides fast and consistent lateral and axial resolution measurement with negligible photobleaching effect on semiconductor wafers. In addition, this technique provides information on the field curvature of the imaging system, and perhaps other distortions of the imaging system, adding greater capability compared to existing techniques.
Zero-energy tuning of silicon photonic devices using 3D-printed microfluidics

Resonant frequencies of silicon ring resonators are tuned using a custom Laser 3D-printed microfluidic chip overlaid directly on the photonic circuit. A shift of a full FSR is observed at a concentration of 10% NaCl.
Differences in PrEP Awareness, Discussions with Healthcare Providers, and Use Among Men Who Have Sex with Men in the United States by Urbanicity and Region: A Cross-sectional Analysis

Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a highly effective HIV prevention intervention and is critical to the Ending the HIV Epidemic strategy. Most PrEP research has been conducted among urban populations; less is known about PrEP awareness, willingness to use, and actual use among rural and suburban populations. We examined these PrEP indicators by United States region and urbanicity among men who have sex with men who responded to the 2019 cycle of the American Men’s Internet Survey. Rural and suburban men were less likely than urban men to be aware of PrEP, to have discussed PrEP with a healthcare provider in the past 12 months, and to have ever used PrEP. Smaller differences were observed across regions. Notably, willingness to use PrEP was similar across region and urbanicity. Additional work will be needed to increase PrEP awareness and access among rural and suburban populations.
Educator Perspectives of Early Childhood Mental Health: A Qualitative Study in Colorado

Mental health problems in early childhood (e.g., depression, anxiety) have a similar prevalence as for older individuals, with 10–15% of preschoolers meeting criteria for clinical diagnosis. Research has shown that intervention to support mental health in early childhood is important to mitigate later problems. However, early intervention is predicated on early identification; by the time young children encounter specialists (e.g., psychologists), problems are often severe. Early childhood educators have the potential to identify mental health concerns in young children. Yet, little is known about early childhood educators’ understanding of early childhood mental health, necessitating pilot research. The present study used focus groups to better understand early educator’s perceptions of young children’s mental health. Participants identified four primary themes that guide their understanding: causes of mental health problems, observable signs of mental health problems, knowledge of mental health supports, and barriers to mental health supports. Implications and suggested future directions are also explored.