cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequence-Independent SSDNA Relieves Phospholamban Inhibition of SERCA in a Length Dependent Manner

Muscle contractility is regulated by a network of many proteins. In cardiomyocytes, the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca2+ -ATPase, SERCA, and its regulatory protein, phospholamban are responsible for ∼70% of Ca2+ reuptake into the SR. While unphosphorylated, PLN inhibits SERCA by lowering its apparent Ca2+ affinity. Upon phosphorylation by PKA at Ser16, PLN inhibition is relieved. This tightly regulated interaction can be easily disrupted by mutation or changes in protein level, leading to heart disease. Thus, understanding the molecular interactions between SERCA/PLN and possible regulators is essential.Here, we report that ssDNA binds the cytoplasmic domain of PLN with low nanomolar dissociation constants, relieving inhibition of SERCA. The relief of inhibition is length dependent, while affinity is constant for oligonucleotides longer than 10 bases. Solution and solid-state NMR experiments have provided residue specific information that ssDNA targets the cytoplasmic domain of PLN and does not affect SERCA in the absence of PLN. In-cell FRET, and NMR experiments determined that addition of ssDNA does not dissociate PLN from SERCA.SERCA/PLN has become a highly targeted complex for development of small molecule regulators because of its prevalence in many cardiovascular diseases. While some therapies are currently being investigated, none have proceeded past clinical trials. These results provide a promising avenue for development of novel regulators of the SERCA/PLN complex. Additionally, they support previous findings from our group detailing the intricate balance that is necessary for proper cardiac function.
Symptom components of standard depression scales and past suicidal behavior.

Abstract Background Global severity on depression scales may obscure associations between specific symptoms and suicidal behavior. Methods We studied 298 persons with major depressive disorder. Factor analysis of the 24-item Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HDRS) and the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to compare symptom clusters between past suicide attempters and non-attempters. Results Factor analyses extracted five HDRS and three BDI factors. Suicide attempters had significantly lower scores on an HDRS anxiety factor and higher scores on a BDI self-blame factor. The factor scores correlated with total number of suicide attempts and with known risk factors for suicidal behavior. Limitations The differences in factor scores between suicide attempters and non-attempters were significant but modest and may be most relevant in suggesting areas for further clinical studies. Structured diagnostic interviews in this study may have limited the detection of Bipolar II or milder bipolar spectrum disorders. Conclusions Depressed suicide attempters exhibit comparably severe mood and neuro-vegetative symptoms, but less anxiety and more intense self-blame than non-attempters. This clinical profile may help guide studies of biological correlates and of treatments to reduce suicide risk.
Enhanced performance of fibre-optic immunoprobes using refunctionalized fluoropolymers as the substratum

Abstract Surface refunctionalized fluoropolymers are compared to quartz substrata as means of stabilizing covalently-immobilized biological recognition elements. Results show that antibodies immobilized on the refunctionalized fluoropolymers have greater stability (by at least a factor of 20). Fluoropolymer-immobilized antibodies retain up to 85% of their initial affinity after one year of refrigerated (4°C) storage. A new fibre-optic immunoprobe, based on these refunctionalized fluorpolymers, is described. Comparison studies between quartz and the refunctionalized fluoropolymer substrata show that the detection limits and dynamic range are similar and probe stability is improved significantly using the new materials.
Interpretation of the experimental evidence concerning the quadrupole moment of Bi209 — A test of the shell model

Attempts are made to construct a model of the quadrupole moment of Bi209 which will be consistent with the hfs interaction constant and the Bi209-Pb208 isotone shift observed in muonic x-rays. We achieve good agreement by postulating that the Bi209 quadrupole moment is due to a single proton in anh9/2 state and to a distorted Pb208 core which has a deformation of about 1%. The inferred quadrupole moment is found to be 0.37 barns of which 0.12 barns is due to the distorted core.
The economic impact of uncertainties associated with energy-saving technologies

Abstract We will analyze the economic sensitivity of new energy-saving technologies to weather, future energy price, and system lifetime uncertainties. Graphical rate of return analysis is employed. A representative residential solar water heating investment is analyzed to illustrate the impact of uncertainties. The wide range of reasonable rates of return found suggests some considerations for policy makers and some areas of future research.
Virtual mobility: Landscape and dreamscape in a late medieval allegory

Virtual mobility through a Holy Land conjured by a late-medieval allegory nurtured the fantasy of its Christian possession. The dreamscape of the Triumphe des Vertuz of Jean Thenaud re-iterated the claim of the French king, Francois Ier, to a sacred terrain rendered increasingly complex and unattainable by Ottoman rule. Using Levi Bryant's concept of onto-cartography, this article argues that movement and becoming are intrinsically linked in the cartographic experience of the texts and images of the Triumphe. Virtual movement generates identities, both for the reader (king) and for his object of desire (Holy Land). Assemblages of features and figures from disparate places and times map out a trajectory through the realms of virtues, insisting on a dynamic of transcultural appropriation and moral edification. At stake in this essay is an understanding of the pull and character of the allegorical dreamscape in late medieval Christian fantasies of the Holy Land.
Efficient hierarchical clustering of large high dimensional datasets

Hierarchical clustering is extensively used to organize high dimensional objects such as documents and images into a structure which can then be used in a multitude of ways. However, existing algorithms are limited in their application since the time complexity of agglomerative style algorithms can be as much as O(n2log n) where n is the number of objects. Furthermore the computation of similarity between such objects is itself time consuming given they are high dimension and even optimized built in functions found in MATLAB take the best part of a day to handle collections of just 10,000 objects on typical machines. In this paper we explore using angular hashing to hash objects with similar angular distance to the same hash bucket. This allows us to create hierarchies of objects within each hash bucket and to hierarchically cluster the hash buckets themselves. With our formal guarantees on the similarity of objects in the same bucket this leads to an elegant agglomerative algorithm with strong performance bounds. Our experimental results show that not only is our approach thousands of times faster than regular agglomerative algorithms but surprisingly the accuracy of our results is typically as good and can sometimes be substantially better.
Origin and Dynamical Behaviour of Thermal Protons in the Venusian Ionosphere

Venusian ionosphere thermal protons and/or deuterons source observed by radio occultation method, suggesting dominance at high altitudes
A Comparative Study of Cerebral Atherosclerosis in Males and Females

An evaluation of the influence of sex upon cerebral atherosclerosis was carried out in 5,033 consecutive autopsies studied by a special well-standardized coding technique. A sex difference in frequency of cerebral atherosclerosis appears from the fourth to the sixth decade. During this period the percentage of female cases with no atherosclerosis lags behind the percentage of male cases by a 15-year period. After the sixth decade, the frequency of cerebral atherosclerosis increases more rapidly in females, so that beyond the age of 65 years the frequency of cerebral atherosclerosis is equal in the two sexes. Furthermore, younger males show a higher degree of cerebral atherosclerosis than females of the same age and a reverse trend appears in the oldest age groups. Diabetic females have more cerebral atherosclerosis than nondiabetic males, and beyond the fourth decade they have at least as much involvement as the diabetic males.
Use of Fibrin Clot in the Knee

Fibrin has been used in medicine for nearly 100 years and the use of fibrin clots have been used in meniscal repairs for over 20 years. It is theorized that the concentrated levels of platelets in fibrin clot aid in healing through the release of growth factors. The use of concentrated platelets has gained recent popularity through the increase use of platelet-rich plasma; however, it is still unknown what platelet concentration constitutes an optimal level of healing. Recent studies on the healing of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction and repair suggest that concentrated platelets might play a role in advanced healing in the ACL. This article will summarize the history of fibrin clots in surgery, the biochemistry of platelets, current use, and the future of fibrin clots as biological aids in healing. Techniques for preparing an exogenous clot, repairing meniscal tears with a fibrin clot, and the use of fibrin clots in ACL reconstruction will also be discussed.
Regulation of V2 vasopressin receptor degradation by agonist-promoted ubiquitination.

The seven-transmembrane-spanning vasopressin V2 receptor (V2R) is a Gs-coupled receptor that is rapidly phosphorylated and internalized following stimulation with the agonist, arginine-vasopressin. Herein, we show that the V2R is ubiquitinated following agonist stimulation. V2R-ubiquitination is not observed in a β-arrestin1,2 deleted mouse fibroblast cell line and is restored following introduction of β-arrestin2, thus indicating that β-arrestin2 is required for the ubiquitination of V2R. A mutant V2R (K268R) that is not ubiquitinated still activates Gs and internalizes with similar kinetics as the wild type receptor. Unstimulated wild type and K268R mutant receptors degrade at similar rates and have comparable half-lives of 217 ± 17 and 245 ± 29 min as determined by pulse-chase experiments. However, following agonist stimulation, the rate of receptor degradation for the wild type is enhanced (half-life of 69 ± 19 min), whereas that of the mutant is only minimally affected (half-life of 188 ± 11 min). These data suggest that V2R levels are regulated through at least two processes. In the absence of agonist stimulation, a slow degradative pathway operates that is independent of receptor ubiquitination. However, receptor stimulation leads to rapid β-arrestin2-dependent ubiquitination of the receptor and increased degradation.
Methodology in psycholinguistics research.

Considering the current widespread interest in Psycholinguistics, it may be surprising to note that one of the earliest formal references to the term “psycholinguistics”, at least in its un-hyphenated form, was made as long ago as 1945. It was, however, some fourteen years ago that a symposium was held in America to bring together for the first time Psychologists, Linguists and Anthropologists, in an initial attempt to outline the broad problem areas in language research, and to consider which approaches might prove to be the most fruitful (Osgood and Sebeok, 1965).
Dominant negative effects of a Gβ mutant on G-protein coupled inward rectifier K+ channel

HEK293 cells were transfected with cDNAs for Gbeta1(W332A) [a mutant Gbeta1], Ggamma2, and inward rectifier K+ channels (Kir3.1/Kir3.2). Application of Gbeta1gamma2 protein to these cells activated the K+ channels only slightly. When mu-opioid receptors and Kir3.1/Kir3.2 were transfected, application of a mu-opioid agonist induced a Kir3 current. However, co-expression of Gbeta1(W332A) suppressed this current. Most likely, Gbeta1(W332A) inhibited the action of the endogenous Gbeta. Such a dominant negative effect of Gbeta1(W332A) was also observed in neuronal Kir3 channels in locus coeruleus. The mutant, Gbeta1(W332A) protein, although inactive, retains its ability to bind Kir3 and prevents the wild type Gbeta from activating the channel.
Endogenous Fusarium Endophthalmitis in a Patient With Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia

Endogenous fungal endophthalmitis is an uncommon complication of systemic mycosis. Only a few cases involving Fusarium have been reported, most with unfavorable visual outcomes. We examined a 31-year-old woman with acute lymphocytic leukemia who developed sudden visual loss in her right eye. A dense, white placoid infiltrate was present in the right macula extending into the vitreous. An iris nodule and hypopyon were present in the left eye. A vitreous aspirate of the right eye was positive for Fusarium species. The patient progressively lost vision despite amphotericin B and 5-fluorocytosine therapy. She died from bronchopneumonia, fungemia, and multisystem failure. Histopathologic study disclosed a panophthalmitis with Fusarium organisms invading all the ocular coats in the right eye. Leukemic infiltrates were present in the left iris, anterior chamber, and trabecular meshwork. The ocular destructiveness of Fusarium may be caused by marked mycotic vascular invasion and occlusion with consequent infarction and necrosis of ocular tissues.
Visualization of High-Dimensional Clinically Acquired Geographic Data Using the Self-Organizing Maps

The objective of this study is to visualize high-dimensional data vectors using popular data reduction algorithms. The study reports on the effectiveness and expressiveness of a set of data reduction algorithms in the visualization of geospatial data sets derived from clinical records of patients. The experiments show that when the SOM algorithm is combined with GIS methods together they are even more powerful tools for exploratory analysis than when each is applied separately. The visual approach provides a very useful exploration environment to support the formulation of new and better study hypotheses regarding the spatial distribution of a particular disease. While it was apparent that the spatial distribution and patterns of asthma were predominately located near the major roadways and the Peace Bridge Complex, obstructive sleep apnea is slightly more widespread even in the suburbs and surrounding neighborhoods. The spatial patterns discovered between the original features of adult and childhood asthma are consistent with the SOM-trained data, but a slight difference emerges for the SOM-trained obstructive sleep apnea data set. This study is successful at gaining significant novel insights into the spatial characteristics of patient data in relation to key environmental factors.
The Way of Actuality

In this paper, I defend an indexical analysis of the abstract–concrete distinction within the framework of modal realism. This analysis holds the abstract–concrete distinction to be conceptually inseparable from the distinction between the actual and the merely possible, which is assumed to be indexical in nature. The resulting view contributes to the case for modal realism by demonstrating how its distinctive resources provide a reductive analysis of the abstract–concrete distinction. This indexical analysis also provides a solution to a sceptical problem regarding our concreteness, which parallels the sceptical problem that motivates indexicalism about actuality.
The chloroplast genome of Carthamus tinctorius.

A physical map of safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) chloroplast DNA has been generated using Sall, Pstl, Kpnl and HindIII restriction endonucleases. Southern blots to single and double digests by these enzymes were hybridized with 32P-dCTP nick-translated Kpnl probes, which were individually isolated from agarose gels. The plastid genome was found to be circular (151 kbp), to contain a repeated sequence of about 25 kbp, and to have small and large single copy regions of approximately 20 and 81 kbp, respectively. Heterologous probes from spinach and Euglena containing psbA, rbcL, atpA or rrnA structural genes were also hybridized with such single and double restriction enzyme digests and mapped on this circular chlorpolast genome. The genetic map was found to be co-linear with that of spinach and many other higher plants.
Performance Effects of Motivational State: A Meta-Analysis

Researchers (e.g., Butler, 1987; Elliott & Dweck, 1988; Grolnick & Ryan, 1987) have recently studied the impact of two different motivational states and have hypothesized that attempting to attain mastery (learning goal) leads to better performance than attempting to demonstrate that one has high ability (performance goal). This article presents a meta-analysis of research in which motivational states are manipulated and confirms that learning goals lead to better performance than do performance goals. The results also indicate that the learning goal advantage may be limited to relatively complex tasks and that the learning goal advantage is smaller for young children than for older individuals. Further, the learning goal advantage was larger when learning goals were moderately pressuring and when participants were tested alone. Theoretical integration of various theories of motivation and practical implications of the findings are discussed.
DEBT USE AND PROFITABILITY: A REALITY CHECK FOR THE RESTAURANT INDUSTRY

Financial leverage or the use of debt has a great impact on the profitability of a firm. The trade-off theory of capital structure holds that there exists an optimal capital structure at which the investors' wealth is maximized. At that point, the marginal benefits of debt equal the marginal costs of debt. The implication is that neither zero debt nor large percentage of debt in capitalization is optimal. The optimal debt use should be in the middle between the two extremes. This study examines the relationship between capital structure and profitability of the Restaurant Industry. In particular, it examines if medium debt use is optimum for restaurant firms. Sixty-three publicly traded restaurant companies were first categorized by their uses of long-term debt and then by their services. Their profitability ratios were compared and analyzed. The results of the analyses show that light use of debt, such as adopted by fine dining restaurants, may be optimum. Moderate debt use, such as pursued by fast food restaurants, brings higher return but greater risk to investors. Excessive use of debt, which is typical of the economy/family restaurant's capitalization, is detrimental to the profitability by all measures.
Healthcare Utilization and Emotional Distress in Coronary Artery Disease Patients

Background No studies to-date have examined the various types of emotional distress (ED) for their relative power at predicting costs in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD). Objective The authors investigated the association between expenditure for CAD patients and various measures of emotional/psychological functioning. Method The authors assessed dollars spent in relation to dimensions of the Symptom Checklist 90–Revised and traditional risk factors in the year preceding referral of 164 CAD patients for stress management. Results Total costs were associated with the Anxiety, Phobic Anxiety, and Psychoticism scales. Hypertension was also associated with increased costs. Conclusions Present results indicate an association of higher costs with anxiety. Because the symptoms of anxiety overlap with those of cardiac disease, increased vigilance by both patients and practitioners, resulting in more testing and longer hospital stays is not surprising. Results suggest that there is a potential for substantial cost savings with enhanced detection and treatment of anxiety-spectrum emotional distress.
Update on Diffuse Alveolar Hemorrhage and Pulmonary Vasculitis

Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage is a clinical syndrome that can be a manifestation of multiple different causes. Identification of the underlying etiology is of utmost importance and dictates treatment. Pulmonary vasculitis including antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibody (ANCA)-associated vasculitis (AAV) is a common cause of diffuse alveolar hemorrhage. For AAV, treatment includes induction followed by maintenance therapy. Rituximab has an increasing role in the treatment of AAV.
Systematic formulation of spacecraft health management decisions

New paradigms in space missions require radical changes in spacecraft operations. In the past, operations were insulated from competitive pressures of cost, quality and time by system infrastructures, technological limitations and historical precedent. However, modern demands require operations to meet competitive performance goals. In order to develop rational, demonstrable methods for improving operations, it is necessary to develop systematic definitions for operations. This is because conventional operations are based on operator experience and intuition rather than 'first-principles' decomposition. The first step in developing systematic methods for improving the performance of spacecraft operations is the creation of a formal definition of health management tasks. Next, metrics must be assigned to each task in order to rationally compare the performance of different concepts. This paper presents a candidate health management method, defining six generalized health management decisions. A model-based format for describing spacecraft is proposed, including cost, quality and timeliness performance metrics. These models and definitions were implemented in the Pandora application, automatically creating all decisions. Pandora was applied to a subsystem of the Sapphire satellite; the output compared favorably to the existing operations plan. The. implications of this work are discussed, especially the new operations concept of decision scheduling, and suggestions are given for future work.
Immune Anti‐N Agglutinin in Human Serum

A case of apparent hemolytic transfusion reaction due to presence in serum of anti-N is reported. The reaction was characterized by demonstration of anti-N in the patient's serum and MN cells in the offending unit. The patient's phenotype proved to be M. Reasons for reporting this unusual case are: 1) It is believed to be the second instance of hemolytic transfusion reaction due to anti-N yet reported, and 2) Cases of this type again underscore the ease with which saline agglutinating antibodies can be missed in routine crossmatch practice, unless meticulous attention is paid to examination of microscopic agglutinates after the “immediate spin” technic.
On the continuity of background and mass extinction

Do mass extinctions grade continuously into the background extinctions occurring throughout the history of life, or are they a fundamentally distinct phenomenon that cannot be explained by processes responsible for background extinction? Various criteria have been proposed for addressing this question, including approaches based on physical mechanisms, ecological se- lectivity, and statistical characterizations of extinction intensities. Here I propose a framework defining three types of continuity of mass and background extinc- tions—continuity of cause, continuity of effect, and continuity of magnitude. I test the third type of continuity with a statistical method based on kernel density estimation. Previous statistical ap- proaches typically have examined quantitative characteristics of mass extinctions (such as metrics of extinction intensity) and compared them with the distribution of such characteristics associated with background extinctions. If mass extinctions are outliers, or are separated by a gap from back- ground extinctions, the distinctness of mass extinctions is supported. In this paper I apply Silverman's Critical Bandwidth Test to test for the continuity of mass ex- tinctions by applying kernel density estimation and bootstrap modality testing. The method im- proves on existing work based on searching for gaps in histograms, in that it does not depend on arbitrary choices of parameters (such as bin widths for histograms), and provides a direct estimate of the significance of continuities or gaps in observed extinction intensities. I am thus able to test rigorously whether differences between mass extinctions and background extinctions are statisti- cally significant. I apply the methodology to Sepkoski's database of Phanerozoic marine genera. I conclude that mass and background extinctions appear to be continuous at this third level—continuity of mag- nitude—even though evidence suggests that they are discontinuous at the first and second levels.
HCW panel: programming heterogeneous systems - Less pain! Better performance!

Summary form only given. Heterogeneity in computing systems has been driven by, among others, one or more of the following factors: need for better performance (e.g. in multi-core chips), applications' requirements (e.g. in digital processing systems), timing and logistics of computer facility development (e.g. clusters that are extended and upgraded over time) and emergent systems of systems (e.g. for grid-computing). The premise that these heterogeneous computing systems (HCSs) offer cost and performance benefits is true only if they can be efficiently programmed. The perspectives and questions on programming HCSs considered by this panel include the following: 1) Should programmers be exposed to heterogeneity so that they can squeeze all the necessary performance by taking advantage of the best resources for the jobs that need them? How can we handle the glut of programmers wishing to program such complex and extensive systems? 2) Should we design compilers that schedule and optimize programs written for homogeneous systems for execution on heterogeneous systems? Will the resulting programs run with better performance than they could achieve in a homogeneous system? How should better be defined in this context? 3) Are programming languages irrelevant in the sense that one can always connect components and/or services to accomplish any task? How generally applicable is this programming model? 4) Are HCS's inherently distributed memory entities where shared-memory programming models cannot succeed? Can shared- and distributed-memory models coexist? How do currently available languages fare in this regard?.
Toll-Like Receptor 4 Protects against Lethal Leptospira interrogans Serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae Infection and Contributes to In Vivo Control of Leptospiral Burden

The roles of innate immune responses in protection from or pathogenesis of severe leptospirosis remain unclear. We examined the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in mouse infection and macrophage responses to Leptospira. C3H/HeJ mice (TLR4 deficient) and C3H/HeJ-SCID mice, but not C3H/OuJ mice (TLR4 intact), died after intraperitoneal infection with Leptospira interrogans serovar Icterohaemorrhagiae. Death in both C3H/HeJ mouse strains was associated with jaundice and pulmonary hemorrhage, similar to the patient from whom the isolate was obtained. In chronic sublethal infection, TLR4-deficient mice harbored more leptospires in liver, lung, and kidney than control mice. Heat-killed Leptospira stimulated macrophages to secrete proinflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor alpha, interleukin-6, and macrophage inflammatory protein 2 not inhibited by polymyxin B, suggesting that leptospiral lipopolysaccharide (LPS) did not drive these responses. Anti-TLR4 and anti-MD-2 but not anti-CD14 monoclonal antibodies inhibited cytokine production. Peritoneal macrophages from CD14−/− and TLR2−/− mice exhibited no defect in cytokine responses to Leptospira compared to controls. Macrophages from C3H/HeJ, TLR4−/−, and MyD88−/− mice secreted far-lower levels of cytokines than wild-type macrophages in response to Leptospira. TLR4 plays a crucial role in protection from acute lethal infection and control of leptospiral burden during sublethal chronic infection. Cytokine responses in macrophages correlated with leptospiral clearance. These TLR4-dependent but CD14/TLR2-independent responses are likely mediated by a leptospiral ligand(s) other than LPS.
Automated Test Generation for Access Control Policies via Change-Impact Analysis

Access control policies are increasingly written in speci- fication languages such as XACML. To increase confidence in the correctness of specified policies, policy developers can conduct policy testing with some typical test inputs (in the form of requests) and check test outputs (in the form of responses) against expected ones. Unfortunately, manual test generation is tedious and manually generated tests are often not sufficient to exercise various policy behaviors. In this paper we present a novel framework and its support- ing tool called Cirg that generates tests based on change- impact analysis. Our experimental results show that Cirg can effectively generate tests to achieve high structural cov- erage of policies and outperforms random test generation in terms of structural coverage and fault-detection capability.
Look before you leap: Visual navigation and terrestrial locomotion of the intertidal killifish Fundulus heteroclitus

Mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus; Cyprinodontiformes) are intertidal killifish that can breathe air and locomote on land. Our goals were to characterize the terrestrial locomotion of mummichogs and determine their method of navigation towards water in a terrestrial environment. We used high-speed video to record behavior during stranding experiments and found that mummichogs use a tail-flip jump to move overland, similarly to other Cyprinodontiformes. However, mummichogs also prop themselves upright into a prone position between each jump, a previously undescribed behavior. After becoming prone, mummichogs rotate about their vertical axis, directing the caudal fin towards the water. Then, they roll back onto their lateral aspect and use a tail-flip behavior to leap into a caudally-directed, ballistic flight path. We conducted experiments to determine the sensory stimulus used to locate a body of water by placing mummichogs on a square platform with one side adjacent to a sea table. Under artificial light, mummichogs moved towards the sea table with a higher frequency than towards the other sides. Under dark conditions, mummichogs did not show a preference for moving towards the sea table. When the surface of the water was covered with reflective foil, mummichogs moved towards it as if it were a body of water. These results suggest that mummichogs primarily use visual cues, specifically reflected light, to orient towards the water. The uprighting behavior that mummichogs perform between terrestrial jumps may provide an opportunity for these fish to receive visual information that allows them to safely return to the water. J. Exp. Zool. 325A:57-64, 2016. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Anomalous Love-wave phase velocities in the Pacific: sequential pure-path and spherical harmonic inversion

Summary. We have determined the lateral distribution of Love-wave phase velocities in the Pacific for the periods 40, 67, 91 and 125 s. Application of the pure-path and spherical harmonic representation methods indicates that the velocities are primarily a function of the age of the seafloor. A comparison of the results from these two techniques indicates inherent modelling constraints in both methods. The pure-path method is limited by its a priori nature while the spherical harmonic approach is unsuitable in describing sharp lateral velocity gradients. To circumvent these limitations, we propose the sequential application of the pure-path and spherical harmonic methods. The sequential inversion separates the velocity distribution into two separate components; velocity as a function of the age of the oceanic plate and variations superimposed on this relationship. Application of this method demonstrates the presence of velocity anomalies which cannot be modelled by an agevelocity relationshp. These anomalies are tentatively correlated with regions of anomalous seafloor depths and/or the presence of active hot-spots. In the central south Pacific, an area with numerous active hot-spots coincides roughly with a region of anomalously slow Love wave velocities. A method for determining the errors associated with the slowness distributions calculated by the spherical harmonic method is presented and provides a means for determining the resolvability of these features.
Receptors for gastrointestinal hormones.

The success of this paper will be measured by the extent to which it provides information that will enable the reader to evaluate critically a paper dealing with receptors for gastrointestinal or other hormones. The paper has two parts. Part I deals with technical and conceptual aspects of hormone action that bear on the design, execution, interpretation and evaluation of experiments that attempt to measure binding of a hormone to its receptor. Part II is a summary of the current state of information about interaction of gastrointestinal hormones with their receptors.
War, Food, and Structural Violence in the Mississippian Central Illinois Valley

This chapter assesses the impacts of chronic warfare on the everyday lives of people living in the thirteenth- and fourteenth-century C.E. Central Illinois River Valley (CIRV) through the lens of structural violence. It is argued that the intensification of violence in this region would have had ramifications for agricultural and foraging strategies in a manner that would have reduced the amount of time villagers spent away from the protected limits of their palisaded villages. We present data from macrobotanical and fish assemblages from four sites dating to three consecutive phases that predate and postdate the escalation of regional violence. Results indicate that dietary diversity shrank with increased warfare, with wild plant foods and fish decreasing dramatically, leading to a primary focus on two staple foods: maize and hickory nuts; these staple foods, however, did not increase in concert with decreases in wild foods, suggesting that villagers were unable to make trade-offs and likely suffered from periodic food shortages. Published paleodemographic data (J. Wilson in Am J Phys Anthropol 155(2):268–280, 2014) suggest that women of child-bearing age were the most affected by limited dietary diversity and periodic shortages.
From One-Bead One-Compound Combinatorial Libraries to Chemical Microarrays

In 1984, Geysen et al. reported the synthesis of peptides on polyethylene pins in a 96-well foot-print (the multi-pin system) [45]. In 1992, Frank et al. described the synthesis of multiple different peptides on cellulose paper [40]. The number of compounds prepared by these parallel synthesis techniques is limited, but they represent the early development of synthetic combinatorial chemistry and chemical arrays. Geysen et al. applied the multi-pin system to synthesize peptide mixtures on individual pins, and applied iterative screening (enzyme-linked immunoabsorbant assay) and synthesis approaches to elucidate the chemical structure of the biologically active peptides [46]. Fodor et al. first reported the minaturization of the chemical arrays by using light-directed photolithographic chemical synthesis techniques to construct 1042 peptides on a glass chip [38]. Such spatially-addressable peptide microarrays were probed with fluorescent-labeled antibodies, and quantitated with a fluorescent scanner. About the same time, we described the use of split-mix synthesis method to generate millions of random peptide-beads such that each bead displayed only one peptide entity [84]. These “one-bead one-compound” (OBOC) peptide libraries were then screened with an enzyme-linked colorimetric assay, and positive peptide-beads were physically isolated for structural analysis. Such bead libraries can be considered as chemical microarrays that are not addressable but spatially separable.
Health Behaviors in Cervical Cancer Survivors and Associations with Quality of Life.

Improvement in health behaviors following cancer diagnosis may contribute to better prognosis and well-being. This study examines the prevalence of health behaviors in cervical cancer survivors who have completed treatment, and associations between health behaviors and quality of life (QOL).We recruited 204 women who had completed treatment for cervical cancer to participate in a randomized counseling intervention. Participants provided information on health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption); QOL (Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-Cervical questionnaire); and depression (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System), anxiety (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System), and distress (Brief Symptom Inventory) at baseline (9-30 months after diagnosis) and subsequent to the intervention. Data were analyzed using multivariate general linear models.Participants ranged in age from 20 to 72 years at diagnosis (mean = 43 years), 41% were Hispanic, and 52% were non-Hispanic white. Three-fourths were stage 1 at diagnosis and 51% were treated with radiation with or without chemotherapy. At baseline, 15% of patients were current smokers, 4% reported alcohol consumption of >10 drinks per week, and 63% reported exercising <3 hours per week. Overall, 67.4% of cervical cancer survivors did not meet recommended national guidelines for at least 1 of these health behaviors. QOL scores were significantly higher for patients with greater physical activity (128 vs 118; P = 0.002) and increased with the number of recommended guidelines met (P for trend = 0.030). Associations between patient-reported outcomes and smoking and alcohol consumption did not reach statistical significance. Participants who met guidelines for all health behaviors also had less depression (P = 0.008), anxiety (P = 0.051), and distress (P = 0.142). Participants who improved their aggregate health behaviors during the 4-month follow-up experienced a greater improvement in QOL than those who did not improve their health behaviors (10.8 vs 4.5; P = 0.026).Results indicate that two-thirds of cervical cancer survivors are not meeting national guidelines for smoking, physical activity, and alcohol consumption following completion of definitive treatment. These adverse health behaviors were associated with impaired QOL and higher levels of depression and distress. Positive changes in health behaviors are associated with significant improvement in QOL.
Clinical Observation on Treating Chocolate Cyst of Ovary Stripping Postoperation with Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective:To discuss the effects on treating chocolate cyst of ovary stripping postoperation patients with traditional Chinese medicine.Methods:To divide 56 laparoscope postoperation patients into two groups randomly.The first group is the control group,which are given treatment with only western medicine.The second group is the treatment group,which are treated with traditional Chinese medicine.Both of them are arranged for follow-up on clinical symptoms and pregnancy situation.Results:The total effective rate of the second group is 92.5 percent,and that of the first group is 89.6 percent.Total effectiveness of two group is no significant differences.Pregnancy rate of the second group is 37.0 percent,and that of the first group is 17.2 percent.It is obvious that pregnancy rate of the second group is higher than the first group.Conclusion:Chinese traditional medicine group in the treatment of ovarian chocolate cyst after strip has obvious advantages.
Improved 3D Reconstruction Algorithm Based on 1D Phase-Only Correlation

T Shibahara et al proposed a high-accuracy stereo correspondence technique based on 1D Phase-Only Correlation.In this paper,we propose four improvements as follows:windowing to reduce boundary effects;weighting in averaging 1D POC functions;optimizing the coarse-to-fine matching;limiting the range of depth.Experimental results show that the 3D reconstruction efficiency is improved significantly compared to the original algorithm.
Alteration of the sodium current in cat cardiac ventricular myocytes during primary culture

To determine the response of cardiac Na current (INa) in adult cardiac ventricular myocytes to culture, single isolated ventricular myocytes from collagenase-perfused adult cat hearts were placed in primary culture for up to 2 wk on a two-dimensional (2D) surface (laminin-coated coverslips), which allowed the morphology of the myocytes to change markedly, or in a three-dimensional matrix (3D) of alginate, in which cell shape changed only minimally. Action potentials and INa were recorded from groups of 1) freshly isolated myocytes serving as the control (day 0),2) cells maintained in 2D culture for 9-14 days (2D, day 9-14), and 3) cells cultured in alginate for 9-14 days (3D, day 9-14) with use of a conventional whole cell patch technique. Maximal upstroke velocity (Vmax) of the action potential was reduced by approximately 50% in 2D- and 3D-cultured cells relative to controls. INa in 2D- and 3D-cultured cells was strikingly different from that in control myocytes. Half-maximal voltage (V 1/2) for the chord conductance-voltage relationship was shifted approximately 15 mV negatively to that for controls in 2D- and 3D-cultured cells. INa steady-state availability curve also shifted negatively relative to controls in 2D- and 3D-cultured myocytes, but the magnitude of this shift (approximately 16-20 mV) was greater than that for the chord conductance-voltage curve.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Infection in the organ transplant recipient. An overview.

SUMMARY Considerable progress has been made in elucidating the factors involved in the pathogenesis of infection in the organ transplant patient. One of the general principles that has emerged is that the risk of clinical infection, particularly opportunistic infection, is determined largely by the interaction between the patient's net state of immunosuppression and the epidemiologic exposures the patient encounters. The two major factors that determine the net state of immunosuppression are the nature of the exogenous immunosuppressive therapy that is administered and whether or not infection is present with one or more of the immunomodulating viruses (particularly cytomegalovirus, Epstein-Barr virus, and the hepatitis viruses). Finally, the therapeutic prescription for the transplant patient has two components—an immunosuppressive component to prevent and treat rejection and an antimicrobial component, which is linked to the intensity of the immunosuppressive therapy required, to make this safe. This reflects the recognition that the two major barriers to successful transplantation, rejection and infection, are closely tied together by the current requirement for lifelong immunosuppressive therapy. Progress in one area will have beneficial effects on the other.
Assessing Global Climate Change’s Impact on Agriculture

During the past 30 or so years there has been an ongoing debate about whether global climate change is occurring, what effects there might be, and what, if anything, should be done to mitigate the causes or adapt to the changes. Although a few skeptics (e.g., Singer, 2001; Michaels and Balling, 2000) remain, there is a remarkable scientific consensus that global climate change is occurring. This consensus is illustrated by articles published recently in many highly respected journals, e.g., recently published articles in Nature (Schneider, 2001) and in Science (Kennedy, 2001). The following quotation is from an editorial published in Science (Seventeen National Academies, 2001).
Adoption of corporate entrepreneurship: managing domestic and global competitiveness through the lens of entrepreneurial orientation

The concept of corporate entrepreneurship (CE) is examined for its applicability through the lens of entrepreneurial orientation (EO) as presented by Lumpkin and Dess (1996, 2001) in an international setting. We focus on specific contextual variables that may play a role in determining the behaviour of established firms towards the adoption of CE in India. Indian firms were highly regulated and highly protected prior to the 1991 economic policy of the Government of India. Our framework proposes that depending on the varying contextual situations, the starting point or the early acceptance of the adoption of EO dimensions is different among diverse categories of well established firms when experiencing changes in the market conditions depending upon whether they are competing in a domestic or global context.
Printed spiral multi-coil based inductive-power-link for wireless sensor applications

Long-term operation of wireless sensors and obviation of the periodic battery replacement require either energy harvesting from the environment or wireless power transfer to the sensor units. Energy transfer using RF field proves to be an excellent way of transferring power to the sensor unit. This paper presents a detail design and optimization process of printed spiral coil (PSC) and PSC based efficient RF link to transfer power through magnetic field. The PSC has been designed and simulated using Agilent Design System (ADS) software. Simulated in ADS software, for a transmission distance of 2 cm with 1 KΩ load resistance and for a distance of 6 cm with 250 Ω load resistance the link efficiencies are found to be 79.09% and 58.46%, respectively. Based on the successful simulation results, a set of PSCs have been fabricated on FR4 substrate and the performances of the PSC and the PSC based inductive link are evaluated using HP4396B Network/Spectrum/Impedance Analyzer. Measurement results indicate an extended link distance for the multi-coil inductive link. Both simulation and measurement results show a great promise of PSC based multi-coil link for a wide variety of applications including but not limited to wireless powering of sensors, radio frequency sensing, magnetic resonance spectroscopy, etc.
Narrative and the Making of US National Security: Narrative won: opportunities seized

If any events have unambiguous meaning, without need for intervening narration, attacks on the homeland – notably, that on Pearl Harbor in December 1941 and that on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon in September 2001 – would seem to fit the bill. At the very least, these events should have imparted such unimpeded narrative authority to the president that it hardly mattered how he expressed himself. It is true that these attacks marked turning points, that they gave birth to dominant narratives of national security, and that the president was crucial to those narratives' rise to dominance. Those narratives limned the full dramatic pentad: they identified the issues at stake, the protagonists, the sources of aggression, the setting of conflict, and the conditions for peace. But neither Pearl Harbor nor 9/11 had to yield the particular pentad that it did. There was more than one conceivable narrative configuration that might have become dominant. Moreover, that Franklin Delano Roosevelt's and George W. Bush's preferred narratives rose to the top depended not just on structural openings and institutional advantages, this chapter maintains, but on these authoritative speakers seizing the rhetorical opportunity and embracing the storytelling mode. Their rhetorical interventions shaped both the debates and the policy that followed. Narrating the origins of German aggression In Americans' collective memory, the Japanese attack on the US naval base at Pearl Harbor on 7 December 1941 was the key moment when Americans finally put “isolationism” and “divisionism” behind them. The attack resolved the narrative contest that had riven the nation in recent years. No one could any longer deny that the Axis threatened the survival of the United States and the American way of life. This was “the good war,” and Americans swiftly united, in accord over both policy and its underlying narrative foundation. Yet, US officials did not see things that way at the time. They did not think the Japanese attack had brushed aside all significant opposition. They noted how rapidly public indifference had set in. They fretted that Americans were not prepared for the long, hard slog they expected. Most worrisome of all, Americans still lacked a well-defined narrative of national security.