cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Microbiome Dependent Regulatory T Cell Generation Correlates with Acute and Chronic Lung Allograft Rejection in a Murine Model

Purpose Despite the growing experience in lung transplantation a significant number of patients rapidly succumb to chronic rejection in the form of bronchiolitis obliterans (OB). The reasons for such discrepancies are unknown but have been suspected to relate to individual variability in gut and lung microbiome. Methods To study the role of the microbiome in controlling lung immunology we transplanted C57BL/10 lungs to C57BL/6 recipients from either Jackson Lab, Maine or Envigo facilities in Maryland vs Indiana. Histological grading of acute and chronic rejection, in the form of OB was performed on days 7 and 21 respectively with flow cytometric analysis of the lungs in parallel. Results Recipients from the Maine facility rapidly rejected lung grafts with high ISHLT rejection grades (2.8±0.37) by day 7 while Maryland recipients were rejection-free (0.25±0.25). Delayed histologic evaluation on day 21 post-engraftment revealed evidence of OB in 40% of Indiana recipients while 0% in Maine or Maryland mice(Fig.1A). Flow cytometric analysis revealed a high prevalence of CD4+Foxp3+ Tregs in Maryland recipients (29.56±2.32%) but lower in Maine and Indiana mice while T cell IL-17 levels were also different between them. Systemic different TGF-β levels were also observed. Treatment of Maryland recipients with broad-spectrum antibiotics affected TGF-β levels, decreased the Treg proportion (14.24±1.47%, p Conclusion Our data demonstrate that mice from different origins mount different lung allograft-specific microbiome-related immune responses. Furthermore it suggests that microbiome-dependent TGF beta levels may contribute to the generation of protective Tregs and ameliorate both acute and chronic rejection. Such data puts into question the notion that TGF-β contributes to lung fibrosis and opens up therapeutic avenues of microbiome manipulation to augment the TGF-β -Treg axis.
Mortality and Functional Outcome in Surgically Evacuated Acute Subdural Hematoma in Elderly Patients.

Background Significant morbidity and mortality is associated with surgical evacuation of acute subdural hematomas (ASDHs) in the elderly population. The literature remains mixed on risk factors associated with poor outcomes, specifically preoperative antithrombotic usage and postoperative seizures. Methods Between January 1, 2013, and December 31, 2017, we retrospectively identified 62 patients ≥65 years of age who underwent a craniotomy for evacuation of an ASDH, with the primary outcome being Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) score at discharge and 3- and 6-month follow-up. Results Of the patients, 52% were women, with a median age of 78 years (range, 65–93 years). The mechanism of injury was because of a fall in 40 patients. Twenty-eight patients (44%) had a poor outcome (GOS score 1–2) at discharge, increasing to 31 patients (50%) at 3-month follow-up. Eight patients (13%) had a good outcome (GOS score 4–5) at discharge, increasing to 17 patients (27%) at 3-month follow-up. Perioperative mortality rate was 39%, increasing to 44% at 3-month follow-up. The strongest associations with mortality in descending order were 24-hour postoperative Glasgow Come Scale (GCS) score, midline shift, preoperative GCS score, and pupillary abnormalities. Although age was not a statistically significant factor for mortality, patients with a favorable outcome (GOS score 4–5) had a median age of 71 years versus 78 years for GOS score 1–3. Preoperative antithrombotic usage and postoperative seizures were not significant predictors of outcome or mortality. Conclusions A high percentage of morbidity and mortality remains in the management of ASDHs in the elderly population; however, a significant percentage (27%) can still go on to have a favorable outcome.
The interplay between resentment, motivation, and performance

While anger in sports has been explored in philosophy, the phenomenon known as having a ‘chipped shoulder’ (or CSP) has not. In this paper I explore the nature, causes, and effects of playing with ...
She Knew She Could Spell: Katie Geneva Cannon

Rev. Dr. Katie Geneva Cannon made lasting contributions to the field of pastoral care and pastoral theology. First, her work as a womanist and as a theologian augmented that of researchers at the S...
Multiple fractures at birth

Presentation: A female neonate was born at 33 weeks by urgent cesarean section secondary to severe preeclampsia with HELLP syndrome. On exam, her weight was 1.18 kg (1%), length 39.5 cm (5%), and head circumference 27 cm (1%). She was well appearing with white sclera, normal tone, and appropriate reflexes. She was noted to have swelling of the right wrist, prominent knobs along her ribs, and frontal bossing. Laboratory results are listed in Figure 1. Radiographs showed poor bony mineralization, metaphyseal flaring particularly at the wrists and knees, and metaphyseal fractures …
Distributed PV Penetration Impact Analysis on Transmission System Voltages using Co-Simulation

With the growing penetrations of distributed energy resources (DERs), it is imperative to evaluate their impacts on transmission system operations. In this paper, an iteratively coupled transmission and distribution (T&D) co-simulation framework is employed to study the impacts of increasing penetrations of distribution-connected photovoltaic (PV) systems on transmission system voltages. The co-simulation framework introduces iterative coupling and unbalanced transmission system analysis that help accurately replicate the standalone T&D system results without resorting to the computational challenge of developing large-scale standalone T&D models. The integrated T&D systems are evaluated for multiple PV deployment scenarios based on randomly generated PV locations and sizes. A test system is simulated using IEEE-9 bus transmission system model integrated at each load point with three EPRI's Ckt-24 distribution feeder models. The results are thoroughly validated using a standalone T&D system model simulated in OpenDSS.
The effects of mid-air adjustments on knee joint loading when landing from a jump

Mid-air adjustments to the upper extremities will cause equivalent reactions in the lower extremities. This may cause jumpers to land asymmetrically and possibly increase the potential for ACL injuries. Variables of interest in ACL injury potential include knee shear forces, knee adduction moments and knee internal rotation moments (McLean et al., 2007). The purpose of this study was to determine if these variables are affected by landing from a jump with mid-air adjustments.
Abstract 918: Glucuronidation genotypes and nicotine metabolic phenotypes: Importance of UGT2B10 and UGT2B17 knock-out polymorphisms

Glucuronidation is an important pathway in the metabolism of nicotine, with ∼28% of urinary nicotine metabolites in the form of glucuronidated compounds. Recent in vitro studies have suggested that the UGTs 2B10 and 2B17 play major roles in nicotine glucuronidation with polymorphisms in both enzymes shown to significantly alter the levels of nicotine-, cotinine-, and trans-3-hydroxy-cotinine (3HC)-glucuronides in human liver microsomes in vitro. In the present study, the relationship between the levels of urinary nicotine metabolites and functional polymorphisms in UGTs 2B10 and 2B17 were analyzed in urine specimens from 104 Caucasian smokers. The levels of nicotine-glucuronide and cotinine-glucuronide were 47 (p Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 101st Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2010 Apr 17-21; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2010;70(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 918.
Prostate MRI from Radiation Oncology Perspective

Multiparametric MRI (mp-MRI) has become a standard imaging modality in the diagnostic workup for prostate cancer. It significantly improves staging accuracy due to the excellent sensitivity and specificity in identifying extraprostatic extension and seminal vesicle invasion.
What Zombies Can Teach Law Students: Popular Text Inclusion in Law and Literature

Although law and literature studies scholars have typically restricted themselves to the study of great (or at least greater) works of traditional literature, the inclusion of lesser texts has distinct advantages to recommend it. Comic books and television series can be subjected to a law and literature approach and zombie texts are particularly rich narratives for the exploration of legal tensions, competing values, and institutions. The Walking Dead as a television and comic book series provides a finely textured setting within which property law, euthanasia, civil commitments, contrasting decision-making paradigms and the value of procedural formalities are assessed and illuminated. This article suggests several opportunities which utilize zombie texts to advance an understanding of the law within the law school curricula including but not limited to law and literature courses.
STUDIES ON INSECT STING HYPERSENSITIVITY. I. PRECIPITIN-IN-GEL TESTS AND PASSIVE CUTANEOUS ANAPHYLAXIS.

Abstract Precipitin-in-gel tests to honey bee, yellow jacket, wasp, and hornet antigens with sera from 26 patients who had had clinical reactions to Hymenoptera insect stings were negative, as were sixteen control sera. Passive cutaneous anaphylaxis in guinea pigs gave positive reactions to thirteen of the 26 sera when honey bee antigen was used and to three of the 26 with yellow jacket antigen. No PCA reactions were elicited with wasp or hornet antigens. The presence of antibodies capable of giving a PCA reaction did not correlate with the severity of the clinical response to the insect sting, the skin test reactions, or the specificity of the insect identified as causing the reaction. The possible significance of these results to the etiology of the reactions is discussed.
Single paracostal approach to thoracic duct and cisterna chyli: experimental study and case series.

Objective To-determine the feasibility of a single paracostal abdominal approach for thoracic duct ligation (TDL) and cisterna chyli ablation (CCA) in dogs with chylothorax. Study Design Observational study and prospective case series. Animals Normal dogs (n = 5) and dogs with chylothorax (n = 8). Methods A single paracostal approach with transdiaphragmatic extension for TDL and CCA was developed experimentally (n = 5) and used in 8 clinical cases with subtotal pericardectomy (SPE) performed in 4 dogs. Surgery time, complications, hospitalization time, outcome, and follow-up of clinical cases were recorded. Results Exposure of relevant anatomy was excellent; vital lymphatic staining facilitated identification of lymphatic structures. In clinical cases, mean surgery time for TDL + CCA was 136 minutes. Mean hospitalization time was 3.1 days. Seven of 8 cases survived, with 1 dog dying of heart failure shortly after discharge. One dog required a second (left) paracostal approach to ligate 2 more lymphatic vessels. On follow-up (median, 7 months; range, 2–20 months), there was complete resolution of chylothorax in 6 dogs. Conclusions A single paracostal approach provides excellent exposure of cisterna chyli, caudal thoracic duct, and intestinal lymphatics. This approach eliminates the need for repositioning during combined TDL + CCA procedures and avoids an intercostal thoracotomy.
Paradise Not Surrendered: Jewish Reactions to Copernicus and the Growth of Modern Science

Copernicus’s sixteenth century formulation of a heliocentric cosmos, elaborated during the next one hundred and fifty years through the work of Bruno, Kepler, Galileo and Newton, has been considered a turning point not only in astronomy but in the growth of scientific knowledge and in the history of ideas. The shift from belief in the well-ordered cosmos in which the earth occupies the central position to notions of an expanded universe in which man and his familiar world are relegated to an insignificant corner played a paramount role in the process whereby, as Alexandre Koyre put it, “human or at least European minds underwent a deep revolution which changed the very framework and patterns of our thinking.”1 Even while it was still a subject of debate within astronomic coteries, poets such as Donne and Milton intuited the broader social and religious implications of the altered conceptions of the planetary arrangements.
Type-based cryptographic operations

Cryptographic types are a way to express cryptographic guarantees (of secrecy and integrity) in a type system for a network programming language. This allows some of these guarantees to be checked statically, before a network program executes. Where dynamic checks are required, these are represented at the source language level as dynamic type-checking, and are translated by the compiler to lower level cryptographic operations. Static checking has the important advantage that it provides static guarantees of the reliability of a network application. It can also help to avoid the unnecessary overhead of run-time cryptographic operations where communication is through a trusted medium (e.g., the OS kernel, or a trusted subnet). Cryptographic types can also be used to build application-specific security protocols, where type-checking in the lower layers of the protocol stack verifies security properties for upper layers. Cryptographic types are described formally using two process calculi: a simple but limited calculus of virtual and actual cryptographic operations, the sec-calculus; and a more sophisticated calculus of type-based cryptographic operations, the ec-calculus. Correctness is verified for a scheme for compiling type operations in the ec-calculus to cryptographic operations.
Mechanism of assembly of the outer membrane of Salmonella typhimurium. Isolation and characterization of cytoplasmic and outer membrane.

Abstract The cell envelope of Salmonella typhimurium has been separated into cytoplasmic and outer membrane fractions of relatively high purity by a new method based on isopycnic sucrose density gradient centrifugation of the total membrane fraction obtained by lysis of lysozyme-EDTA spheroplasts. The outer membrane fraction contained approximately 60% of the protein of the total membranes, 50% of the phospholipid, and 90% of the lipopolysaccharide. The cytoplasmic and outer membrane fractions differed markedly in over-all protein composition as determined by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate as well as in specific enzyme activities. Total cytochromes, DPNH oxidase, succinate dehydrogenase, d-lactate dehydrogenase, and Enzyme II of the α-methylglucoside phosphotransferase system were recovered essentially exclusively in cytoplasmic membrane; the specific activities of these in the outer membrane were 1 to 5% of the values obtained for cytoplasmic membrane fractions. In contrast, a phospholipase activity tentatively identified as a mixture of phospholipase A and lysophospholipase, appeared to be localized primarily in the outer membrane. UDP-sugar hydrolase, ribonuclease I and endonuclease I activities were associated with both membrane fractions. Preliminary analysis of the phospholipid composition of the isolated fractions also showed significant quantitative differences in the relative distribution of the major glycerophosphatides. The ratios of phosphatidylglycerol to phosphatidylethanolamine and of cardiolipin to phosphatidylethanolamine in the outer membrane were approximately one-half and one-quarter those of the cytoplasmic membrane.
Abdominal coarctation and associated comorbidities in children.

Objective The purpose of this study is to report a single institution's experience with abdominal coarctation in children and report associated comorbidities. Background Abdominal coarctation is a rare condition, accounting for less than 2% of aortic coarctations. Single patients with abdominal coarctation have been reported with additional vascular disease in pediatric patients. Methods Our echocardiography database between January 2001 and January 2012 was searched to identify all patients with abdominal coarctation. Relevant clinical data were reviewed. Results Nine patients were identified with abdominal coarctation. Median age at diagnosis was 4.7 years (IQR 1.1–14.3 years). Additional cardiac diagnoses were found in three patients: one had moderate aortic regurgitation and aortic root dilatation; one had mild aortic regurgitation, severe mitral regurgitation, and atrial flutter; and one had a thoracic coarctation previously repaired. Eight patients (89%) had an associated noncardiac comorbidity. Comorbidities included: Takayasu arteritis (n = 3), systemic lupus erythematosus (n = 1), epidermal nevus syndrome (n = 1), abdominal hemagioma (n = 1), Williams syndrome (n = 1), and renal artery stenosis (n = 2). Intervention was performed in four patients (57%): two underwent surgical grafting and two had angioplasty with stent placement. Patients with surgical grafting required no further intervention, whereas both patients who underwent angioplasty and stenting required further stent placement. Conclusion Abdominal coarctation is a rare anomaly. It is frequently associated with other vascular abnormalities. Vasculitis should be suspected in children with abdominal coarctation. All patients, even if treated, require continued close observation.
A posteriori error estimates on irregular grids based on gradient recovery

In this article, an equilibrated gradient recovery error estimator is introduced and analyzed. Regional and global error bounds are established under the equilibrium condition. Furthermore, the error estimator based on the ZZ patch recovery technique is analyzed theoretically. Stability and consistent properties are proved under mild assumptions. All results are valid for arbitrary grids.
Measuring Reactive Oxygen Species Inhibition of Endothelin-Converting Enzyme

Abstract In summary, the redox conversions of MT cysteines are likely to be the principal mechanisms for regulation of metal binding and release by this protein. Oxidative and/or nitrosative challenges can serve to promote metal ion release from MT to render their delivery to specific target proteins. It is tempting to consider the potential roles of MTs as redox sensors because of their high sensitivity to cysteine modification, as well as their potential to amplify signals by releasing multiple metal ions. In other words, MTs may act early in a biological signaling cascade that triggers metal-dependent biochemical and cellular responses. Alternatively, uncontrolled release of metals by excessive oxidative stress may contribute to metal toxicity. Because oxidative and nitrosative signaling is ubiquitous within cells, the physiological function of MT demands that efficient recycling of modified cysteines be operative. Little is known regarding the potential mechanisms for the regeneration of MT after oxidative/nitrosative modification, but they may involve endogenous dithiols, such as thioredoxin, and pharmacologically relevant dithiols, such as dihydrolipoate.
Transition Policy in Environmental Law

Embedded within the structure of much American environmental regulation is a distinction between the new and the existing. This distinction reflects a recurrent political challenge for environmental policymakers: whether and how to mitigate regulatory burdens when policy change upsets settled expectations and investment commitments. Environmental law often grandfathers existing products and pollution sources or provides them with other kinds of transition relief. This paper presents a survey of transition policies in environmental regulation, which is followed by a pair of short case studies drawn from the trucking and pesticide industries. These examples demonstrate that the form and extent of transition relief may be substantially influenced, first, by the cost impacts of regulatory initiatives—which are in turn shaped by the composition and competitive dynamics of the regulated industry—and, second, by path-dependent, change-resistant legal and institutional arrangements in the policy arena.
GOD IN THE CAVE

When Finite and Infinite Goods was published in 1999, it took its place as one of the few major statements of a broadly Augustinian ethical philosophy of the past century. By “broadly Augustinian” I refer to the disposition to combine a Platonic emphasis on a transcendent source of value with a traditionally theistic emphasis on the value-creating capacities of absolute will. In the form that this disposition takes with Robert Merrihew Adams, it is the resemblance between divine and a finite excellence that makes the finite excellence objectively of value, and it is the correspondence of an obligation to a divine command that makes the obligation objectively obligatory. I look closely at the complexity of this ethical division of labor—between the good and the right—mainly as it appears in the context of Finite and Infinite Goods, but also with attention to the broader corpus of Adams's writings, particularly his work on Leibniz and the essays of his that have been gathered together in The Virtue of Faith. I argue that there is a creative tension in his work between his desire to secure an objective basis for ethics and his affirmation of the value of grace, a love that is not proportioned to the excellence of its object. This tension, I further argue, ought to be resolved in the direction of grace.
Effect of Zinc Deficiency on Bone Collagenase and Collagen Turnover

The effect of zinc deficiency on bone collagenase activity and collagen turnover was studied in the chick. Zinc deficiency symptoms, evident after 8 days on the low zinc diet, included tibia deformities and decreased alkaline phosphatase. Bone collagen metabolism was markedly altered, with a significant reduction in collagen synthesis and turnover. Half-turnover time for tibia collagen was 13 days in the control and 35 days in the zinc-deficient chicks. Tibia collagenase activity was reduced by 40-80% in the zinc-deficient as compared to the control chicks. Heparin markedly increased collagenase activity in the zinc-deficient tibias elevating activity to control levels. But commercially available heparin was found high in zinc content which may explain this effect entirely. These data show that zinc deficiency decreases bone collagen turnover and probably accounts for the leg deformities seen in zinc-deficient chicks.
Development of multimedia course modules for engineering education at Tuskegee University

Tuskegee University has been a participant in the eight university Engineering Education Coalition, Synthesis, funded by the National Science Foundation. One of the objectives of this coalition is to establish functional multimedia courseware development studios in the member schools, such that effective course modules may be developed and subsequently made available through the National Engineering Education Delivery System (NEEDS). Two multimedia courseware modules developed for enhancing the presentation of engineering concepts in the area of fluid mechanics and thermodynamics are presented.
Exploratory analysis of an operational iris recognition dataset from a CBSA border-crossing application

This paper presents an exploratory analysis of an iris recognition dataset from the NEXUS border-crossing program run by the Canadian Border Services Agency. The distribution of the normalized Hamming distance for successful border-crossing transactions is examined in the context of various properties of the operational scenario. The effects of properties such as match score censoring and truncation, same-sensor and cross-sensor matching, sequence-dependent matching, and multiple-kiosk matching are illustrated. Implications of these properties of the operational dataset for the study of iris template aging are discussed.
Sonographic NASCET Index: A New Doppler Parameter for Assessment of Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Established Doppler parameters for carotid stenosis assessment do not reflect North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET)-style methodology. We derived a Doppler parameter, termed sonographic NASCET index (SNI), and hypothesized that the SNI would provide greater angiographic correlation and better accuracy in predicting stenosis of 70% or greater than that of currently used peak systolic velocity (PSV) measurements. METHODS: Inclusion criteria of angiographically proved carotid stenoses of 40–95% and measured proximal and distal internal carotid artery Doppler PSV values were established. Occlusions and near occlusions were specifically excluded. Doppler and angiographic data meeting the inclusion criteria from 32 carotid bifurcations were identified; actual angiographic stenoses ranged 40–89%. SNI values were calculated for each vessel. PSV and SNI were correlated with angiography by using linear regression analysis. Accuracies of SNI and PSV in predicting stenosis of 70% or greater were compared at two thresholds. RESULTS: Correlation between SNI and angiography was superior to that between PSV and angiography (r2 = 0.64 vs 0.38). PSV and SNI values that corresponded to 70% angiographic stenosis were 345 cm/s and 45.5, respectively. Accuracy of PSV of 345 cm/s or greater in predicting stenosis of 70% or greater was 78%, compared with 88% for SNI of 45.5 or greater. The SNI value that corresponded to a PSV threshold of 250 cm/s was 33. Accuracy of PSV of 250 cm/s or greater in predicting stenosis of 70% or greater was 81%, compared with 88% for SNI of 33 or greater. CONCLUSION: Correlation between SNI and angiography was greater than that between PSV and angiography. Accuracy of SNI in predicting stenosis of 70% or greater was also superior to that of PSV at two thresholds. These results suggest that SNI may be a better predictor of high-grade carotid stenosis than is PSV.
Estate Planning in the Digital Age

Recently, a new subdivision of property has emerged that many people label as “digital assets” such as accounts used for e-mail, professional and personal data backups, banking, investment, and shopping, domain names and web-hosting accounts, social networking accounts, and avatars for online games. While estate planners have perfected techniques to transfer traditional types of property, many estate planners do not address digital assets when preparing their clients’ estates.This article aims to educate estate planning professionals on the importance of planning for the disposition of digital assets, provides those planning techniques, and discusses how to administer an estate containing digital assets. The appendix contains a sample form which may be used to organize digital assets.
Prospective evaluation of epidemiological, clinical, and microbiological features of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection in Italy

Since several characteristics of pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection remain to be determined, this study aimed to describe clinical features and complications of patients infected with H1N1. Subjects affected by influenza-like illnesses and a control group of asymptomatic patients were enrolled prospectively at an Emergency Department from October 2009 to April 2010. At enrollment, clinical data and nasopharyngeal swabs for virological analyses were obtained. Ill subjects were followed until recovery and swabs were collected weekly in patients infected with H1N1. Of 318 patients enrolled, 92 (28.9%) were positive to H1N1. Patients infected with H1N1 were mainly young adults and complained classic influenza-like symptoms. Fever was observed for a median time of 5 (IQR 3–7) days. Hospitalization occurred in 27.7% with 2% requiring intensive care unit admission: median length of hospitalization was 6 days (IQR 5–9). Pneumonia was diagnosed in 19.6% of patients. A similar proportion of lower airways involvement and of clinical complications was observed in subjects testing positive or negative for H1N1. However, patients infected with H1N1 were younger and hospitalized for a shorter period as compared to the control group (P = 0.002 and P = 0.045, respectively). Older age, asthma/chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and hypertension were associated with an increased risk of pneumonia. Viral shedding was observed for at least 1 week in 21.3% of patients. Asymptomatic infection was uncommon (1.1%). Respiratory syndromes caused by H1N1 and factors associated with disease severity were investigated and compared to influenza-like illnesses of other origin. Such findings might contribute to improve clinical and epidemiological management of the disease. J. Med. Virol. 83:2057–2065, 2011. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Evaluation of the Weather Research and Forecasting model for two frost events

Meso-local-scale weather information could be used as a guideline for crop protection to effectively manage and mitigate the effects of frost damage. The main goal of this study was to evaluate the meso-local-scale weather forecasts from the state-of-the-art Advanced Research Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF-ARW) model for episodic frost events. We selected two periods: an episode of intermittent frost occurrences from 3-9 December 2006 characterizing both advective and radiative type frost and an extended period of advective frost from 3-11 April 2007 that caused severe crop damage across the southeastern United States. The high-resolution ARW model simulations were compared against observations taken in blueberry and peach orchards by the Georgia Automated Environmental Monitoring Network (AEMN; www.georgiaweather.net). Comparisons were made for air, wetbulb, and dewpoint temperature, and wind speed and direction. Nighttime temperatures were forecasted with a bias of +/-1.5^oC with cold biases during the April case and warmer biases during the December case. The daytime temperature predictions showed a consistent increase in cold bias (up to -2 to -4^oC) with time of the day until 2h before sunset. The model skill in predicting dewpoint temperature strongly depended on the time of day; low biases <2^oC were noted during 2000 EST-800 EST, while large warm biases of 2-4^oC were noted during the late morning to afternoon hours. The accuracy of minimum temperature prediction was above 90% for the April case at all AEMN locations, while accuracy decreased to 80% for the December case. The results from these ARW simulations demonstrated the applicability and accuracy of ARW for frost warning applications during advective and radiative frost scenarios.
Theoretical foundations for experiential systems design

As multimedia researchers analyze and design "experiential systems' there is a pressing need to place that work on a solid theoretical foundation. Without careful analysis of the objects and methods, terminology, and conceptual frameworks of experiential systems design, misconceptions about what experiences are and how they can be computationally addressed can allow research to proceed in less fruitful directions. This paper addresses core theoretical issues in experiential systems design about the nature of experience, especially the distinction between data which can be represented computationally and experiences which are internal mental events We draw from theoretical work in the humanities that addresses models of human communication and meaning creation, the philosophical investigation of the structures of lived experience (phenomenology), and the application of that philosophical method to understanding the forms and functions of mediated experience (aesthetics). Phenomenology and aesthetics form a theoretical foundation for reassessing the limits and possibilities of computationally modeling and shaping experiences. Radically interdisciplinary work is required that truly integrates technical and humanistic research in order to design experiential systems.
The Adjustment of Parentally Bereaved Children: I. Factors Associated with Short-Term Adjustment:

Forty parentally bereaved youngsters (age 6–16; 22 girls, 18 boys) and their surviving parent were interviewed and administered standardized measures (BSI, CBCL, CDI, RCMAS, WISC) to assess their e...
Critique of “Elastic thickness of the Venus lithosphere estimated from topography and gravity” by A. Cazenave and K. Dominh

A critique of a model of the near-surface structure of Venus by Cazenave and Dominh (1981) based on Pioneer Venus data on gravity and topography is presented. Two objections are raised, the first an assumption of Airy compensation at a depth of 6 km, and the second that a gravity-topography relation is sufficient to study the subsurface characteristics. It is shown that determination of the gravity field along the line of sight, and not along the vertical, is necessary for a valid geophysical model with the available data. It is concluded that the spacecraft data are sufficient to define constraints on models of the subsurface characteristics, but are not sufficient for actually describing the substrate.
Graphic presentation of computer-derived Schlieren lipoprotein data.

Computer produced graphs of lipoprotein spectra visually present a large amount of information and greatly facilitate error detection. Data derived from schlieren patterns in the analytical ultracentrifuge are fully corrected to standard conditions allowing valid comparison of serum lipoprotein concentrations and profiles. The computer program is flexible enough to provide appropriate representations for many types of spectra and several possibilities for comparison of data.
Macroeconomic conditions and technical trading profitability in foreign exchange markets

We simulated portfolios for a momentum trading strategy in the foreign exchange market and investigated the determinants of its profitability. We found that the profits exhibited a downward trend in all nine countries that we examined, but that this trend may be somewhat explained by declining exchange rate volatility and to a greater extent by declining rates of inflation. We did not find similar evidence about the effects of fiscal policy or openness.
Neural correlates of frog calling: Circum-metamorphic “Calling” in leopard frog

1. A method for accurately aging circum-metamorphic Northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens pipiens), using the first appearance of pulmonary respiration as the zero reference point, was developed (Fig. 1). 2. Adult-like, neural correlates of mating calling could be electrically-evoked and recorded from the isolated brainstem of juveniles as early as 14 days following the transition from gill respiration to pulmonary respiration (i.e. about 4 days following the completion of metamorphosis) (Fig. 2, Table 1). 3. Such early activation of the mating calling circuits could be detected only in animals that had received a series of testosterone propionate injections. In the absence of any controlled data, however, it remains to be determined whether this activation was due to the hormone. 4. Release calling movements of the sides were detected in intact, hormone-injected (again, no controls) animals as early as 7 days following the appearance of pulmonary respiration (i.e. several days before the completion of metamorphosis). 5. Therefore, physiological, anatomical, and chemical changes associated with the development of the calling circuits might be sought most appropriately, under the conditions of this study, during the first two weeks after the appearance of pulmonary respiration.
Time-resolved optical studies of high-field electron transport in a GaAs quantum-well structure

We have used femtosecond optical spectroscopy to probe high-field transient parallel transport in quantum wells from the ballistic to the quasi-equilibrium regime, by studying both the carrier and electric field dynamics.
American Community Survey overview and the role of external evaluations

In 2010 the U.S. Census Bureau will achieve its goal of eliminating the long form sample from the decennial census and will produce its first set of five-year data products from the full sample American Community Survey (ACS). This paper provides an overview of the call for change that prompted the Census Bureau to pursue the development of a new approach to collecting socioeconomic and housing data. The paper details the evolution of the ACS from its earliest origins to its current design and describes that design in detail. The current design has benefited from external debate and consultation. Work such as that described later in this journal exemplifies the key role that external users and advisors have played, and will continue to play, in the evolution of the ACS. Over the past 10 years, the Census Bureau has undertaken research and testing to demonstrate operational feasibility and to assess survey quality. Research has also compared ACS and Census 2000 data. ACS staff are involved in survey improvement efforts and continue to confront survey challenges. In the next few years the ACS will give priority to developing user tools to aid all users in the correct interpretation of multi-year estimates. The ultimate validation of the ACS is, however, in the hands of users. Continued input from the people who are responsible for administering and evaluating programs, identifying local needs, and planning for the future will allow the ACS to grow in value and utility.
A new approach to patient-centered care.

An opportunity existed at our rehabilitation hospital, in preparation for Medicare’s Prospective Payment System (PPS) in acute medical rehabilitation, to develop an integrated inpatient care model using all available resources. The results have been an improved practice of all staff, increased efficiency and productivity, and increased staff and patient satisfaction. This article discusses the drivers for changing the team model within a large rehabilitation hospital. It includes an overview of the process of data gathering prior to changing the team model, how the new team model functions, and follow-up data collection 9 months after to provide evidence on what changes worked and what areas required further change to meet the objectives.
Patient activation and disability in upper extremity illness.

Purpose To determine if higher patient activation (active involvement in one's health care) correlates with fewer symptoms and less disability in patients with hand and upper extremity illness. Methods We enrolled 112 patients presenting to our department for the first time. Before meeting with the surgeon, subjects completed a demographics questionnaire, the short form Patient Activation Measure; Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; Patient Health Questionnaire-2; Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire; and an 11-point ordinal rating of pain intensity. We contacted patients 1 to 2 months after enrollment. Seventy-five subjects completed the second evaluation over the telephone, on a secure data-collection web site, or in an office visit, which included the Patient Activation Measure; Quick Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder, and Hand; numerical rating scale for pain; and ordinal rating of treatment satisfaction. Results Patient activation at enrollment correlated with disability, pain intensity, and satisfaction with treatment but was only retained in the multivariable model for pain intensity. Pain self-efficacy at enrollment was the factor that best accounted for variation in disability, pain, and satisfaction with treatment. Conclusions Given the consistent relationship between effective coping strategies (eg, pain self-efficacy) and symptoms and disability and the independent influence of patient activation on pain intensity in this study, future research should address the ability of interventions that improve self-efficacy and patient activation to improve upper extremity health. Type of study/level of evidence Prognostic II.
Numerical variation of the presacral vertebral column in three population groups in North America

A total of 1,239 skeletons from among Mongoloid, Caucasoid and Negroid population groups in North America was examined for variations in the number of presacral vertebrae. The overall incidence of variation was 11%; 6% with 23 and 5% with 25 presacral vertebrae. Differences in total variation among the three groups were not significant, but differences in the incidence of 23 and 25 presacral vertebrae among the groups were highly significant. Numerical vertebral variation occurred in 11% of both sexes, but with males having a higher frequency of 25 presacral vertebrae and females having a higher frequency of 23 presacral vertebrae. The incidence of the specific variation of 23 or 25 presacral vertebrae was not significantly different among the males of the three groups studied, whereas 23 presacral vertebrae were found significantly more often in the Negroid females. Numerical variation of vertebrae was not associated with age. The data strongly support the conclusion that the total frequency of variation in the number of presacral vertebrae is a specific characteristic of any particular population group and that there is a tendency in all population groups toward an increase in number in males and a decrease in number in females.
An algebraic theory of portfolio allocation

Using group and majorization theory, we explore what can be established about allocation of funds among assets when asymmetries in the returns vector are carefully controlled. The key insight is that preferences over allocations can be partially ordered via majorized convex hulls that have been generated by a permutation group. Group transitivity suffices to ensure complete portfolio diversification. Point-wise stabilizer subgroups admit sectoral separability in fund allocations. We also bound the admissible allocation vector by a set of linear constraints the coefficients of which are determined by group operations on location and scale asymmetries in the rate of returns vector. For a distribution that is symmetric under a reflection group, the linear constraints may be further strengthened whenever there exists an hyperplane that separates convex sets.
Teaching about Race Comparatively Through Study Tours

Many students labor under the misconception that race is primarily a biological category. Such a misunderstanding impedes education and policies designed to reduce racism. When students are taught that race is a social construct, as opposed to a biological category, they often have difficulty grasping the concept because racial categories in the United States are of long standing and often seem immutable. Cross-cultural comparisons of racial orders demonstrate to students that alternative categories have arisen due to differing socioeconomic histories. Through two interterm study tour classes visiting first Cuba, and then Haiti and Jamaica, Chapman University encouraged students to constrast the racial divisions in these societies with that of the United States. This article presents the reflections of two faculty members and of a student who enrolled in both classes.
Kairomones and their use for management of entomophagous insects. IV. Effect of kairomones on productivity and longevity ofTrichogmmma pretiosum riley (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)

Kairomones in the scales ofHeliothis zea (Boddie) increased the percent parasitization, the number of progeny produced, and the longevity of femaleTrichogramma pretiosum Riley.
Sympathetic outflow to interscapular brown adipose tissue in cold acclimated mice

C57BL/6J male mice were subjected to a cold acclimation procedure which consisted of three consecutive cold stress tests: 3-h partial restraint at 6 degrees C at 2-wk intervals. During the week following the last cold stress test, each animal previously subjected to the cold acclimation procedure, and an additional group of naive mice (animals that never had been exposed to an environment below room temperature) were anesthetized with urethan, paralyzed with vecuronium bromide, artificially ventilated, and subjected to cold stimulation for approximately 16 min. Electrical impulse activity from one of the fine sympathetic nerves entering the interscapular brown adipose tissue was recorded before and during cold stimulation, until body temperature dropped 8 degrees C below control level. Sympathetic outflow increased significantly during cold stimulation in all mice. Animals that did not achieve cold acclimation in three repeated cold stress tests (they demonstrated less cold tolerance in the last test) had lower sympathetic nervous outflow to brown adipose tissue at room temperature and during cold stimulation than mice that had achieved cold acclimation. In fact, sympathetic nervous outflow to brown adipose tissue in mice that had failed to show cold acclimation was similar to that of naive mice. These findings indicate that the sympathetic nervous system plays a primary role in cold acclimation.
Spin Correlation Functions at High Temperatures

A method for the self-consistent calculation of correlation functions is described and applied to the Heisenberg model at high temperatures. The technique is based on a straightforward physical picture. It is used (i) to derive a simple analytic approximation for the autocorrelation function valid at times $t\ensuremath{\lesssim}\frac{2JS}{\ensuremath{\hbar}}$; (ii) to derive an equation given by R\'esibois and DeLeener which is shown to be valid at short times also; (iii) to derive a set of integrodifferential equations for the general correlation functions $〈{\mathrm{S}}_{\ensuremath{-}\mathrm{q}}\ifmmode\cdot\else\textperiodcentered\fi{}{\mathrm{S}}_{\mathrm{q}}(t)〉$. The latter equations are solved numerically for the case of a simple cubic lattice with nearest-neighbor interactions, and are shown to give results in excellent agreement with computer simulation calculations for the same model. A discussion is given of the physical motivation of the approximations employed and the special mathematical aspects of the problem.
Repeat high-dose external beam irradiation for in-breast tumor recurrence after previous lumpectomy and whole breast irradiation.

Abstract Purpose: To determine whether excision of an in-breast tumor recurrence (IBTR) plus 5000 cGy in 25 fractions to the new operative area is both tolerated and effective as treatment for an IBTR after previous lumpectomy and whole breast irradiation. Methods and Materials: Thirty-nine women with an IBTR after lumpectomy and breast irradiation for invasive carcinoma (n = 31) or ductal carcinoma in situ (n = 8) were treated with excision of the IBTR and radiotherapy (RT), 5000 cGy in 25 fractions, to the operative area using electrons of appropriate energy. The interval from completion of the first course of RT to diagnosis of the IBTR ranged from 16 to 291 months (median 63). Results: The repeat course of RT to the new operative area was well tolerated in all patients, and no late sequelae occurred other than skin pigmentation changes. Eight patients, including 2 with suspicious bone scans at the time of IBTR, developed distant metastases, and 7 died 21–71 months (median 48) after retreatment. One patient was alive with distant metastases at 27 months after retreatment. Four of the 8 patients who developed distant metastases also had a second IBTR, and 3 died with persistent disease in the breast. An additional 4 patients, for a total of 8, had a second IBTR. Three were alive and free of disease after mastectomy, and 1 was alive and free of disease after mastectomy and additional RT for chest wall recurrence. An additional patient developed recurrence in the axilla 9 months after reirradiation and was treated with surgery; she died free of disease at 63 months. One patient underwent mastectomy for suspected persistent disease 2 months after completion of repeat RT; no evidence of recurrent tumor was found in the removed breast. Thus, 30 women (76.9%) had an intact breast free of tumor at death or at last follow-up 1–180 months (median 51.5) after reirradiation. Using the Kaplan-Meier life table analysis, the estimated overall and disease-free 5-year survival rate for the 39 patients was 77.9% and 68.5%, respectively. Conclusion: For select patients with an IBTR after lumpectomy and breast irradiation, excision of the IBTR followed by repeat external beam RT to the operative area may be an acceptable alternative to mastectomy.