cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Electrooxidation of Alcohols with Electrode-Supported Transfer Hydrogenation Catalysts

A titanium electrode, modified with Ru(OH)x/TiO2, was prepared and observed to mediate both chemical transfer hydrogenation and electrochemical alcohol oxidation. Electro-oxidation of 2-propanol (1.3 M) at room temperature and pH 7.2 exhibits an onset of electrocatalytic current at 1000 mV vs RHE for the two-electron oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone. XPS characterization, cyclic voltammetry, and electrolysis experiments confirm that electrochemically active ruthenium species catalyzed the electro-oxidation of 2-propanol to acetone. These modified electrode surfaces maintain >60% original activity upon reuse, despite low loadings of ruthenium. The applied potentials are consistent with an electrocatalytic mechanism mediated by surface-immobilized Ru–oxo species (1380 mV vs RHE). These results indicate that heterogeneous transfer hydrogenation catalysts can function as alcohol electro-oxidation catalysts.
DC and RF performance of 0.1 mu m gate length Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As-Ga/sub 0.38/In/sub 0.62/As pseudomorphic HEMTs

The authors report on the epitaxial layer design, device fabrication, and millimeter-wave performance of lattice-matched and pseudomorphic AlInAs-GaInAs HEMTs (high-electron-mobility transistors). The authors fabricated 0.1- mu m gate length HEMTs using pseudomorphic Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As-Ga/sub 0.38/In/sub 0.62/As modulation-doped epitaxial layers and compared them with lattice-matched Al/sub 0.48/In/sub 0.52/As-Ga/sub 0.47/In/sub 0.53/As HEMTs. The pseudomorphic HEMTs demonstrated an external f/sub T/ (current-gain cutoff frequency) of 205 GHz, which is the first demonstration of a transistor with an f/sub T/>200 GHz. The V-band noise figure of an amplifier built with the lattice-matched HEMT and the pseudomorphic HEMTs was 1.3 dB and 1.5 dB, respectively. The associated gain was 9.5 dB and 8.0 dB, respectively. >
Initial Research: How Do Adults Use Logical Thought?

My interest in the process of adult thinking on complex tasks started with my disappointment with adults’ failures on what I thought of as comparatively simple Piagetian thinking tasks. When I was doing research on adult performance on Piagetian tasks as a graduate student, I encountered the small number of studies in which older adults had been tested with Piaget’s concrete or formal operational test materials. I thought it a bit ironic that the mature adult investigators never seemed to test adults between the ages of 20 and 60,only children and people over 60 but it did not strike me as unusual at the time. After all, when we “rounded up the usual suspects” as volunteers for developmental research, mature adults were seldom invited. It seemed a step forward when a developmental study had any mature and older adult respondents, yet experimentalists often performed adult and old age studies.
Chimpanzee fathers bias their behaviour towards their offspring

Promiscuous mating was traditionally thought to curtail paternal investment owing to the potential costs of providing care to unrelated infants. However, mounting evidence suggests that males in some promiscuous species can recognize offspring. In primates, evidence for paternal care exists in promiscuous Cercopithecines, but less is known about these patterns in other taxa. Here, we examine two hypotheses for paternal associations with lactating mothers in eastern chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii): paternal effort, whereby males associate and interact more with their own infants, and mating effort, whereby males invest in mothers and offspring for mating privileges. We found that fathers associated more with their offspring than they did with non-kin infants, particularly early in life when infanticide risk is highest. Additionally, fathers and their infant offspring interacted more than expected. Notably, association between fathers and mother-infant pairs did not predict the probability of siring the mother's next offspring. Our results support the paternal effort, but not the mating effort hypothesis in this species. Chimpanzees are one of the most salient models for the last common ancestor between Pan and Homo, thus our results suggest that a capacity for paternal care, possibly independent of long-term mother-father bonds, existed early in hominin evolution.
Group Medical Visits to Provide Gynecologic Care for Women Affected by Breast Cancer

Purpose Women with breast cancer have complex and unique gynecologic needs that are challenging to effectively and comprehensively meet in a traditional gynecology visit format. Group medical visits are an effective and well-received model of care in other disease settings and can provide comprehensive health education as an adjunct to one-on-one evaluation and treatment. There are limited data regarding the use of this type of health care delivery in providing gynecology-focused care to women affected by breast cancer. Methods A group medical visit model was created for gynecology providers to see new breast cancer patient consults. From May 2012 to February 2014, 148 patients (3-6 per group) participated in a 1-hour informational session followed by a 15- to 30-minute individual visit with a physician that included history, physical examination and evaluation. We surveyed 101 women who attended these visits to evaluate a group model for providing gynecologic care and educational support to women with breast cancer. Results Of those who responded to the survey question, 100% agreed or somewhat agreed that their expectations for an initial intake visit were met during the group visit; 81% agreed or somewhat agreed that they felt a group visit was preferable to an individual introductory visit. More than 95% agreed or somewhat agreed that the information was understandable and their questions were answered during the visit. Only 5 respondents expressed dissatisfaction with the additional time commitment for this type of visit. Conclusions The majority of women surveyed expressed satisfaction with their experience with a group visit format. The women who participated preferred this format compared to an individual intake appointment when establishing gynecology care after breast cancer diagnosis/treatment, regardless of age, menopausal status, cancer stage or hormone receptor status. While further studies are warranted to directly compare and further assess satisfaction and efficacy, gynecologists may consider using a group model to provide comprehensive education and care to this patient population.
Precision controlled atomic resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy using spiral scan pathways.

Atomic-resolution imaging in an aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) can enable direct correlation between atomic structure and materials functionality. The fast and precise control of the STEM probe is, however, challenging because the true beam location deviates from the assigned location depending on the properties of the deflectors. To reduce these deviations, i.e. image distortions, we use spiral scanning paths, allowing precise control of a sub-A sized electron probe within an aberration-corrected STEM. Although spiral scanning avoids the sudden changes in the beam location (fly-back distortion) present in conventional raster scans, it is not distortion-free. "Archimedean" spirals, with a constant angular frequency within each scan, are used to determine the characteristic response at different frequencies. We then show that such characteristic functions can be used to correct image distortions present in more complicated constant linear velocity spirals, where the frequency varies within each scan. Through the combined application of constant linear velocity scanning and beam path corrections, spiral scan images are shown to exhibit less scan distortion than conventional raster scan images. The methodology presented here will be useful for in situ STEM imaging at higher temporal resolution and for imaging beam sensitive materials.
Uremic pleuritis: A case report and review of recurrent exudative pleural effusions in children

Despite similar mechanisms driving pleural fluid accumulation, the causes of pleural effusions in children differ significantly from that of adults. When a pleural effusion re-occurs in an adult, literature recommends early thoracentesis, and consideration for pleuroscopy with biopsy to guide the diagnostic evaluation. In children, there is a paucity of literature for guiding management of recurrent exudative pleural effusion. We present an unusual pediatric case of uremic pleuritis with recurrent pericardial and exudative pleural effusions.
The IFRS Adoption Mountain: Will We Ever Reach the Top?

Today, the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) website contains a summary of IFRS usage in 146 countries (also referred to as jurisdictions). In the analysis that follows, each country is first classified by adoption status, and then listed in GDP order. This arrangement adds insight into why some countries have adopted IFRS completely, why some countries have not, and why we will not see all countries in the world using the same set of common financial reporting standards in any time soon.
Periodically nanoarchitectured photovoltaic solar cells and planar optical concentrators

Solar light received on earth is rich in photons in the 500–900-nm wavelength range. A photovoltaic solar cell is an optoelectronic device containing semiconductors that capture and absorb solar photons. Every absorbed photon creates an electron-hole pair (EHP). Electrons and holes are sent in opposite directions to generate an electric current. However, some electrons can recombine with holes to reduce the current. The design imperatives therefore are to enhance photon absorption, maximize the EHP generation rate, and minimize the EHP recombination rate. Periodic nanoarchitecture can assist in meeting these imperatives. The combination of nanoscale periodic gradation of the bandgap in the absorber layer of the solar cell and a periodically corrugated metallic backreflector shows promise. The same geometry with the absorber layer replaced by a periodically nonhomogeneous, nonabsorbing, dielectric layer can be efficacious for planar optical concentrators.
Techniques to Produce and Culture Lung Tumor Organoids

Three-dimensional cell culture formats have been gaining popularity due to their ability to more closely mimic human physiology compared to conventional, two-dimensional culture. These 3D cultures exhibit in vivo-like behaviors, such as cell-cell adhesion, extracellular matrix secretion, and resilience against bacterial, chemical, and radiation insults. Various techniques for 3D organoid culture have been developed to recreate aspects of the lung microenvironment. This chapter examines the history and current applications of 3D lung tumor organoid culture, including Matrigel, hanging drop, magnetic levitation, rotating wall vessels, and non-adherent culture techniques. Each technique provides unique benefits for physiologic behavior, organoid access, and convenience. However, further work is required to advance the development of these systems for future biological discovery and high-throughput drug screening.
Mathematical models of dorsal closure.

Abstract Dorsal closure is a model cell sheet movement that occurs midway through Drosophila embryogenesis. A dorsal hole, filled with amnioserosa, closes through the dorsalward elongation of lateral epidermal cell sheets. Closure requires contributions from 5 distinct tissues and well over 140 genes (see Mortensen et al., 2018, reviewed in Kiehart et al., 2017 and Hayes and Solon, 2017). In spite of this biological complexity, the movements (kinematics) of closure are geometrically simple at tissue, and in certain cases, at cellular scales. This simplicity has made closure the target of a number of mathematical models that seek to explain and quantify the processes that underlie closure's kinematics. The first (purely kinematic) modeling approach recapitulated well the time-evolving geometry of closure even though the underlying physical principles were not known. Almost all subsequent models delve into the forces of closure (i.e. the dynamics of closure). Models assign elastic, contractile and viscous forces which impact tissue and/or cell mechanics. They write rate equations which relate the forces to one another and to other variables, including those which represent geometric, kinematic, and or signaling characteristics. The time evolution of the variables is obtained by computing the solution of the model's system of equations, with optimized model parameters. The basis of the equations range from the phenomenological to biophysical first principles. We review various models and present their contribution to our understanding of the molecular mechanisms and biophysics of closure. Models of closure will contribute to our understanding of similar movements that characterize vertebrate morphogenesis.
Scapular Stabilization Limits Glenohumeral Stretching in Children With Brachial Plexus Injuries.

Purpose To quantify the effects of scapular stabilization on scapulothoracic and glenohumeral (GH) stretching. Methods Motion capture data during external rotation and abduction with and without scapular stabilization were collected and analyzed for 26 children with brachial plexus birth palsy. These positions were performed by an experienced occupational therapist and by the child’s caretaker. Scapulothoracic and GH joint angular displacements were compared between stretches with no stabilization, stabilization performed by the therapist, and stabilization performed by the caretaker. The relationship between the age and ability of the therapist and caretaker to perform the stretches with scapular stabilization was also assessed. Results During external rotation there were no significant differences in either the scapulothoracic or GH joint during stabilization by either the therapist or the caretaker. During abduction, both scapulothoracic and GH joint angular displacements were statistically different. Scapulothoracic upward rotation angular displacement significantly decreased with scapular stabilization by the therapist and caretaker. Glenohumeral elevation angular displacement significantly decreased with scapular stabilization performed by the therapist and caretaker. There were only weak correlations between age and the differences in scapulothoracic and GH joint angular displacement performed by both the therapist and the caretaker. Conclusions The findings of this study indicate that scapular stabilization may be detrimental to passive stretching of the GH joint in children, as demonstrated by a reduced stretch. Based on the findings of this study, we have changed our practice to recommend passive stretches without scapular stabilization for children aged 5 years and older with brachial plexus birth palsy. In infants and children aged less than 5 years, we now recommend stretching with and without scapular stabilization until the effect of scapular stabilization is objectively assessed in these age groups. Level of evidence/type of study Therapeutic IV.
ARBITRAGE, INCOMPLETE MODELS, AND OTHER PEOPLE'S BRAINS

Over the last 50 years, the theory of rational choice bas emerged as the dominant paradigm of quantitative research in the social and economic sciences. The idea that individuals make choices by rationally weighing values and uncertainties (or that they ought to, or at least act as if they do) is central to Bayesian methods of statistical inference and decision analysis; the theory of games of strategy; theories of competitive markets, industrial organization, and asset pricing; the theory of social choice; and a host of rational actor models in political science, sociology, law, philosophy, and management science.
Coverage Analysis of Spatially Clustered RF-Powered IoT Network

Owing to the ubiquitous availability of radio- frequency (RF) signals, RF energy harvesting is a promising candidate for powering IoT devices, some of which may be deployed at difficult-to-reach places thus making it inconvenient or even impossible to replace or recharge their batteries. In this paper, we model and analyze an IoT network which harvests RF energy and receives information from the same wireless network. In order to enable this operation, each time slot is partitioned into charging and information reception phases. For this setup, we characterize two performance metrics: (i) energy coverage, and (ii) joint signal-to-interference-plus-noise (SINR) and energy coverage. This analysis is performed using a spatial model that captures coupling between the locations of the IoT devices and the nodes of the wireless network (referred henceforth as the IoT gateways), which is usually ignored in the existing literature. In particular, we model the locations of the IoT devices using a general Poisson cluster process (PCP) and assume that the IoT gateways (GWs) are located at the cluster centers. Our results concretely demonstrate that both energy and joint coverage probabilities decrease as the size of the clusters increases. As expected, the performance converges to the case of modeling the locations of the IoT devices and the GWs as two independent PPPs when the cluster sizes go to infinity.
High rates of subglottic stenosis seen in African-American children admitted with severe croup to hospitals in the United States between 2003 and 2013.

Abstract Background To assess whether differences exist in the epidemiology and the treatment of croup with respect to gender, race, income and geographical location. Methods Retrospective weighted analysis of patients under 19 admitted with a diagnosis of croup with a subcohort of patients requiring intubation or diagnostic bronchoscopy from the National Inpatient Sample and Kids' Inpatient Database from 2003 to 2013. ICD-9 codes and demographics were analyzed; cross tabulations and linear regression modeling were performed. Results Between 2003 and 2013, 202,188 pediatric patients were admitted with a diagnosis of croup, equivalent to 1-per-100 pediatric admissions. Males were more likely to be admitted for croup than females [OR 2.13 (2.08–2.17)]. Incidence of croup is highest in Caucasians and lowest in Asian and African-American patients. African-American children are more likely to undergo diagnostic bronchoscopy or require intubation [OR 1.23 (1.08–1.401)] than other races. A higher rate of subglottic stenosis was seen in African-American children who required bronchoscopy than expected (39.1% vs 26.7%). After controlling for subglottic stenosis, African-American patients were no longer more likely to undergo diagnostic bronchoscopy or require intubation than other races [OR 1.129 (0.959–1.33)]. Conclusion African-American children admitted with a diagnosis of croup appear to have an increased rate of intubation or bronchoscopy. This may be related to the high incidence of subglottic stenosis in this population. After controlling for subglottic stenosis, no difference in intervention rates was seen.
Introduction: Recoding the Past, Re-situating the “Post-”

Starting with a discussion of past and present pronouncements on situated knowledge from Donna Harraway to Karl Mannheim, Ben Morgan, and Terence Cave, Pireddu’s introductory essay addresses ways in which the situatedness and multiplicity of discourses can help transcend paths of cultural hegemony, delineating a theoretical and critical landscape where crossfertilizations of ideas occur across both space and time. It thus provides a framework for the scope of the book, namely, to promote continuing dialog about literary, cultural, and critical theories beyond normative positions and with the awareness of the contextual nature of our production of knowledge. Participating in the debate about the alleged “death of theory” and the current post-theoretical condition, it upholds the idea that the “finitude” of theoretical projects does not mean “end” but rather contingency and transformation, in a synergy of tradition and innovation. Pireddu connotes the approach of the volume as “thought on the edge,” in its double meaning of thought of the border as a locus of contact, exchange, experimentation, and conceptual mobility, but also “on the edge” in the sense of an unsettled and unsettling state that creates awareness of our own partiality and incompleteness, and, by keeping debates alive and narratives unfinished, encourages crossings and connections.
Perceptions and practices of U.S. pre-service special education teachers on teaching social studies instruction in inclusive classrooms

In the most recent reauthorization of the seminal U.S. special education law, the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEIA), reaffirmed that students with disabilities should ...
Use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation and associated outcomes in children hospitalized for sepsis in the United States: A large population-based study.

Objective The American College of Critical Care Medicine recommends that children with persistent fluid, catecholamine, and hormone-resistant septic shock be considered for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) support. Current national estimates of ECMO use in hospitalized children with sepsis are unknown. We sought to examine the use of ECMO in these children and to examine the overall outcomes such as in-hospital mortality, length of stay (LOS), and hospitalization charges (HC). Methods A retrospective analysis of the National Inpatient Sample, which approximates a 20% stratified sample of all discharges from United States community hospitals, was performed. All children (≤ 17 years) who were hospitalized for sepsis between 2012 and 2014 were included. The associations between ECMO and outcomes were examined by multivariable linear and logistic regression models. Results A total of 62,310 children were included in the study. The mean age was 4.2 years. ECMO was provided to 415 of the children (0.67% of the cohort with sepsis). Comparative outcomes of sepsis in children who received ECMO versus those who did not included in-hospital mortality rate (41% vs 2.8%), mean HC ($749,370 vs $90,568) and mean LOS (28.8 vs 9.1 days). After adjusting for confounding factors, children receiving ECMO had higher odds of mortality (OR 11.15, 95% CI 6.57–18.92, p < 0.001), longer LOS (6.6 days longer, p = 0.0004), and higher HC ($510,523 higher, p < 0.0001). Conclusions Use of ECMO in children with sepsis is associated with considerable resource utilization but has 59% survival to discharge. Further studies are needed to examine the post discharge and neurocognitive outcomes in survivors.
Increasing student engagement in math placement and preparation

Math placement is a crucial step between admission and full engagement with the university for students in STEM majors. Students' placement experiences influence not only their mathematical entry point on their degree pathway, but their perceptions of their relationship with the university. Application of behavioral economics theory, particularly choice architecture, to placement communication can increase student engagement with the placement process, reducing enrollment in preparatory courses while maintaining positive outcomes in more advanced courses. Targeted communication with students facilitates successful placement and enhances self-efficacy and sense of belonging. Math placement is a pigeonholing process and inherently involves an array of sub-instructions and information relevant only to subgroups; optimizing content flow improves retention of key information and minimizes exposure to intimidating or alienating information.
Food and multiculture: a sensory ethnography of East London

From stomach-churning imaginings of alien meat, gut felt revulsions towards fried chicken, episodes revealing capsicum’s addictive intensity, to oceanic tangs of jellied eels, and delightful comfor...
Metabolic Adaptations to Infections at the Organismal Level

Metabolic processes occurring during host–microbiota–pathogen interactions can favorably or negatively influence host survival during infection. Defining the metabolic needs of the three players, the mechanisms through which they acquire nutrients, and whether each participant cooperates or competes with each other to meet their own metabolic demands during infection has the potential to reveal new approaches to treat disease. Here, we review topical findings in organismal metabolism and infection and highlight four emerging lines of investigation: how host–microbiota metabolic partnerships protect against infection; competition for glucose between host and pathogen; significance of infection-induced anorexia; and redefinition of the role of iron during infection. We also discuss how these discoveries shape our understanding of infection biology and their likely therapeutic value.
Chapter 12 – Numerical Methods for Constrained Optimum Design

Basic concepts related to algorithms for constrained optimization problems are presented. Concepts of constraint status at a design point, descent function for step size calculation, and convergence requirements for an algorithm are presented. Linearization of a problem and sequential linear programming (SLP) are presented and discussed. Drawbacks of the SLP method are noted, and to overcome them, the concept of sequential quadratic programming (SQP) is introduced. This approach parallels the approach for the unconstrained optimization algorithms: calculate a search direction and a step size in that direction to determine the design change. A quadratic programming (QP) subproblem is derived for calculation of the search direction. A descent function, which is minimized to calculate a step size in the search direction, is defined. Based on this approach, an algorithm called the constrained steepest–descent (CSD) method is given for constrained optimization problems. This is a first-order method that can be viewed as an analog of the steepest–descent method but for the constrained optimization problem.
Impacts of feeding a fish-oil based feed supplement through 160 days in milk on reproductive and productive performance, as well as the health, of multiparous early-lactation Holstein cows

Abstract A major cause of reproductive failure in contemporary lactating dairy cows is early post-partum negative energy balance (NEB). A strategy to alleviate NEB is to reduce milk energy density by feeding supplements to suppress milk fat synthesis, which could reduce body fat mobilization to favor earlier ovulation and improved pregnancy rates. As fish oils (FO) can cause milk fat depression, and are rich in n-3 PUFA which are beneficial to reproduction, our objective was to evaluate impacts of feeding the FO based feed supplement ‘Optomega Plus’ (OP+) on production, EB, reproduction and health of multiparous Holstein cows through ∼160 days in milk (DIM). Two pens, each of ∼310 multiparous early lactation cows, were fed rations formulated to deliver 0 (C) or 77 g/cow per day of FO (2.53 g/kg DM) as OP+, which contains 3.9 g/cow per day of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; C20:5 n-3) and 7.2 g/cow per day of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6 n-3). Milk yields and components were recorded monthly for five months after cows were assigned to treatments from a common fresh cow pen at 13.3 ± 0.19 DIM, and body condition (BCS) was scored monthly on a subset of the cows. Dry matter intake (pen basis) was unaffected by treatment, while milk yield, milk components and BCS all had treatment*DIM interactions (P
Assessing the Effect of Eastern Hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) Decline from Hemlock Woolly Adelgid (Adelges tsugae) Infestation on Ectomycorrhizal Colonization and Growth of Red Oak (Quercus rubra) Seedlings

Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis (L.) Carriere) is a foundation species in eastern North American forests, providing critical habitats for a number of species. These trees are experiencing widespread decline due to the spread of hemlock woolly adelgid (HWA: Adelges tsugae Annand Order Hemiptera) into their range, potentially resulting in the disappearance of hemlocks from eastern forests. Hemlock dieback can lead to cascading effects on associated ecosystems, including belowground, mycorrhizal fungal communities. Ectomycorrhizal fungi (EM), which are mutualistic with many tree species and provide nutrients to plant hosts, are known to colonize hemlock as well as neighboring tree species at lower levels following HWA infection. This study investigated the effect of hemlock decline from HWA infestation on mycorrhizal communities, as inferred from colonization on northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) “bait” seedlings grown near “host” hemlock trees. Hemlock health surveys were conducted in healthy (Carl Sandburg Home National Historic Site – CARL) and declining (Warren Wilson College – WWC) stands in western North Carolina, and host trees were paired between stands based on diameter. In each stand, northern red oak seedlings were planted within a meter of host hemlocks in early summer and allowed to grow for 8 w, when they were harvested. Seedling growth and dry biomass were recorded at harvest and roots were sampled for mycorrhizal colonization frequencies. Different mycorrhizal morphotypes were collected from seedling roots for subsequent DNA barcoding analyses to characterize EM taxonomic richness to compare mycorrhizal community assemblages between the two stands. Mycorrhizal colonization frequencies (percentage of the total number of EM-colonized root tips per seedling) and growth in seedling height were significantly greater at CARL than WWC, suggesting healthy hemlock stands are more favorable for oak seedling growth than declining stands. Moreover, a greater proportion of seedlings grown in the healthy stand were colonized by EM, indicating EM assemblages differ between a healthy and a declining hemlock stand. Differences between EM communities corresponded with altered seedling growth allocation, as seedlings in the declining stand had higher root to shoot ratios with reduced stem height, but showed greater investment in root biomass and stem diameter growth. We conclude EM communities differ between a healthy and declining hemlock stands, and changes in EM communities following hemlock dieback may affect the growth of replacement species.
The impact of COVID-19 on healthcare delivery for people who use opioids: a scoping review.

Research objective The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted healthcare delivery worldwide with likely negative effects on people who use opioids (PWUO). This scoping review of the original research literature describes the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare delivery for PWUO and identifies gaps in the literature. Methods This scoping review of the original research literature maps the available knowledge regarding the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare delivery for PWUO. We utilized the methodology developed by the Joanna Briggs Institute for scoping reviews, and content analyses methodology to characterize the current state of the literature. Results Of the 14 included studies, administrative database (n = 11), cross-sectional (n = 1) or qualitative (n = 2) studies demonstrated service gaps (n = 7), patient/provider experiences (n = 3), and patient outcomes for PWUO (n = 4). In March 2020, healthcare utilization dropped quickly, sharply increasing only for reasons of opioid overdose by May 2020. Service gaps existed in accessing treatment for new patients during the pandemic due to capacity and infrastructure limits. Physicians reported difficulty referring patients to begin an outpatient opioid treatment program due to increased restrictions in capacity and infrastructure. Patients also reported uncertainty about accessing outpatient treatment, but that telehealth initiation of buprenorphine increased access to treatment from home. Disproportionate increases in overdose rates among African Americans were reported in two studies, with differences by race and gender not examined in most studies. Fatal overdoses increased 60% in African Americans during the pandemic, while fatal overdoses in Non-Hispanic White individuals decreased. Conclusions In summary, this beginning evidence demonstrates that despite early reluctance to use the healthcare system, opioid overdose-related use of healthcare increased throughout the pandemic. Service delivery for medications to treat OUD remained at or above pre-pandemic levels, indicating the ability of telehealth to meet demand. Yet, racial disparities that existed pre-pandemic for PWUO are intensifying, and targeted intervention for high-risk groups is warranted to prevent further mortality. As the pandemic progresses, future research must focus on identifying and supporting subgroups of PWUO who are at heightened risk for experiencing negative outcomes and lack of access to care.
Auspice: Automatic Service Planning in Cloud/Grid Environments

Recent scientific advances have fostered a mounting number of services and data sets available for utilization. These resources, though scattered across disparate locations, are often loosely coupled both semantically and operationally. This loosely coupled relationship implies the possibility of linking together operations and data sets to answer queries. This task, generally known as automatic service composition, therefore abstracts the process of complex scientific workflow planning from the user. We have been exploring a metadata-driven approach toward automatic service workflow composition, among other enabling mechanisms, in our system, Auspice: Automatic Service Planning in Cloud/Grid Environments. In this paper, we present a complete overview of our system’s unique features and outlooks for future deployment as the Cloud computing paradigm becomes increasingly eminent in enabling scientific computing.
Inequality and Redistribution A Unified Approach to the Role of Economic and Political Institutions

Inegalites et redistribution : une approche integree du role des institutions economiques et politiquesCet article explique la persistance de disparites dans les niveaux d’inegalite et de protection sociale au sein des economies developpees en termes de varietes de capitalismes et de systemes politiques. La ou le capitalisme est coordonne, comme en Europe du Nord, les systemes politiques sont fondes sur le consensus et les elections se font a la proportionnelle ; la politique de consensus et le capitalisme coordonne se renforcent mutuellement pour engendrer un niveau d’inegalite relativement faible et un haut niveau de protection sociale. La ou le capitalisme est liberal, dans les pays anglo-saxons, les systemes politiques sont concurrentiels avec un systeme electoral majoritaire : le renforcement mutuel du systeme politique et du type de capitalisme produit une relative inegalite de revenu et une protection sociale reduite a un filet de securite. Les deux systemes peuvent soutenir des economies potentiellement competitives au plan international, avec differents avantages comparatifs institutionnels et des succes dans differents secteurs du marche mondial.JEL Code: H2, H5, P16, P51, J5
Metabolic activation and cytotoxicity of 4-ipomeanol in human non-small cell lung cancer lines.

Abstract In the normal lungs of many animal species, 4-ipomeanol is transformed to a highly reactive metabolite preferentially in pulmonary bronchiolar Clara cells and to a lesser extent in alveolar type II cells, potentially leading to damage or destruction of these cell types. Since Clara cells and type II cells are suspected sites of origin of certain “non-small cell” lung cancers, the metabolic activation of 4-ipomeanol (measured by the metabolism-dependent covalent binding of 4-ipomeanol to cellular macromolecules) was compared in two human non-small cell carcinoma derived cell lines (NCI-H322 and NCI-H358) and two human small cell carcinoma derived cell lines (NCI-H128 and NCI-H69). Metabolic activation of 4-ipomeanol was evident in the non-small cell lines; the production of covalently bound metabolite was somewhat greater in NCI-H322 (morphology related to Clara cells) compared to NCI-H358 (morphology related to alveolar type II cells), but was entirely undetectable in the small cell lines. The activation pathway was concentration (4-ipomeanol) and time dependent and followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. Metabolism to the reactive intermediate required oxygen and was strongly inhibited by carbon monoxide. Covalent binding was enhanced in the non-small cell lines by prior incubation with β-naphthoflavone and by supplementation of the incubate with exogenous reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate. 4-Ipomeanol was more cytotoxic to the non-small cell lines than to the small cell lines under the in vitro growth conditions used. These studies indicate that certain human non-small cell lung cancers have metabolic characteristics of normal bronchiolar Clara cells and alveolar type II cells; these results would therefore be consistent with an origin of these tumors from Clara cells or type II cells, respectively. The present studies indicate that the further preclinical testing and development of 4-ipomeanol is warranted, with a view toward possible clinical evaluation against human lung cancers.
Screen-based trading in futures markets: recent developments and research propositions

Screen-based futures markets are gaining trading volumes at the expense of traditional open outcry floor markets. In comparison with open outcry trading-used on the Chicago Board of Trade (CBOT), the world largest future market-electronic markets offer enhanced transparency, and greater access to users, who can enter orders directly. Screen markets can also maintain strict time priorities among submitted orders, and can provide incentives for users to place competitive orders and enhance the price discovery process. We describe several new screen-based markets, and examine in detail the Cantor Financial Futures Exchange (CFFE), a screen market for Treasury futures contracts. The CFFE trading rules and order matching algorithms are shown to provide important incentives to place competitive quotes and supply liquidity. The design of an experimental economics study of the two alternative market structures-open outcry and a screen mechanism-is described.
UNDERSTANDING THE RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN INTERNAL RESOURCES AND CAPABILITIES, SUSTAINABLE SUPPLY MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL SUSTAINABILITY†

This study aspires to empirically evaluate the effect of firm-specific resources and/or capabilities on sustainable supply management (SSM) and sustainability performance. Specifically, enviropreneurship and strategic purchasing are, respectively, recognized as firm-specific capabilities and resources that are fundamental to pursuing sustainable supply practices. SSM is forwarded as a key relational capability that can result in significant improvements in organizational sustainability. Using data collected from 145 U.S. firms and advanced structural equation modeling approaches, a number of direct, mediation and moderation effects are hypothesized and tested. Five of the six proposed hypotheses were found to be significant, providing strong support for the significant role that internal resources/capabilities can play in managing sustainable supply practices as well as organizational sustainability. Surprisingly, the hypothesis suggesting that strategic purchasing could moderate the relationship between enviropreneurship and SSM was found to be insignificant. This result suggests that managers need to realize that a strategic purchasing function alone cannot help in achieving the lofty goals of sustainability. On the contrary, the prime objective of firms must be to nurture an enviropreneurial orientation within their organization. Further implications for future research and practice within SSM are offered.
Karst Hydrology in Ancient Myths from Arcadia and Argolis, Greece

The history of karst science includes ancient Greek literary narratives that describe the behavior of karstic waters, yet remain largely unrecognized for their hydrogeological relevance. This paper integrates karst hydrology with ancient myths and travelogues describing natural features in Arcadia and Argolis of the Greek Peloponnese. The karstic landscapes of these two regions were figuratively represented in the interrelated myths of the Danaids, Poseidon, and Amymone. In a nonmythical report of a historical occurrence, a deer hunter chased a deer into the temporarily flooded polje of ancient Stymphalus, but a sudden dislodging of the sinkhole debris plug caused the lake to drain so rapidly that the hunter and his prey were suctioned helplessly down into the whirlpool. Other ancient narratives described the subterranean connection of the Stymphalian polje and the Argolic springs of Erasinus. Some accounts stemmed from an ancient religious practice of throwing items into waters to propitiate the water gods: In one case, the watery disposition of propitiatory wreaths was determined by interweavings of the surface and subsurface components of the two karstic rivers named Alpheus and Eurotas. In other ancient accounts, certain rivers were said to sink underground at the coastline, travel through the bed of a bay or sea, and resurge as subaerial freshwater springs on the opposite shore of the saline waterbody.
On minimum distance classification rules for c multivariate populations

In questa nota vengono presentate alcune regole fondate sul criterio della distanza minima per popolazioni c multivariate. Si dimostra che tali regole sono consistenti.
Chemical abnormalities in blood serum associated with the carrier state of viral hepatitis.

The results of studies made for the purpose of identifying carriers of viral hapatitis among blood donors have been reviewed. Some carriers of the virus appear to suffer from a subclinical liver disease recognizable by abnormalities in hapatic tests. The carriers of the virus also tend to have elevated serum cholinesterase activities and elevated serum lipid concentrations. The use of hepatic tests for screening large numbers of blood donors has been discussed in the light of observations made of the behavior of hepatic tests in proved and suspect carriers. Evidence is presented that among the donors with abnormal hepatic tests there are some that show changes in serum protein as measured by zone electrophoresis, characteristic of liver disease.
Effect of Surface and Membrane Potentials on IAA Uptake and Binding by Zucchini Membrane Vesicles

The polar transport of the endogenous hormone controlling extension growth of plant cells, indoleacetic acid (IAA), is thought to depend on transmembrane pH and electrical gradients resulting in part from the action of proton ATPases in the plasma membrane. According to a recent hypothesis (see Goldsmith, 1977 for review), elements of this transport process are: (1) permeation of the membrane by the undissociated lipophilic indoleacetic acid (IAAH) from the acidic apoplast, followed by dissociation of the weak acid and accumulation of the IAA anion (IAA-) in the alkaline cytoplasm; (2) a saturable symport of IAA- with one or more protons; (3) a carrier-mediated efflux of IAA- down a considerable electrochemical gradient. The efflux is greater from the basal than the apical end of cells and is thought to be responsible for the overall polarity of the process. This step is also the site of action of napthylphthalamic acid (NPA) and herbicides that inhibit polar transport but stimulate net accumulation of auxin by tissues and cells (Sussman & Goldsmith, 1981ab Thomson et al, 1973).
Torsade de pointes associated with elevated N-acetylprocainamide levels.

N-acetylprocainamide (NAPA), the major metabolite of procainamide, has been shown to have separate antiarrhythmic and side effects from procainamide.l Torsade de pointes, a type of polymorphous ventricular tachycardia characterized by “twisting” of ventricular complexes around the isoelectric line and usually associated with QT prolongation,2 has been reported to occur with administration of procainamide.3 However, only recently has it been associated with NAPA.* Because procainamide is such a widely used antiarrhythmic agent, this association has important clinical implications. The following case confirms this association of torsade de pointes with NAPA. A 57-year-old black man was admitted to the St. Louis Veterans Administration Medical Center on June 21, 1982, with a diagnosis of biventricular heart failure. There were no symptoms or history suggestive of coronary artery disease or cardiac arrhythmias. He was taking no medications. The admission ECG showed sinus rhythm, right bundle branch block, and a QT interval of 0.46 second. Two-dimensional echocardiography showed marked fourchamber enlargement and severe diffuse left ventricular hypokinesis. He improved on treatment with digoxin, furosemide, and hydralazine. On June 25, however, he had a cardiopulmonary arrest, with a slow idioventricular rhythm but no ventricular tachycardia. He was intubated and stabilized but required mechanical ventilation. A
The classical limit of quantum partition functions

We extend Lieb's limit theorem [which asserts that SO(3) quantum spins approachS2 classical spins asL→∞] to general compact Lie groups. We also discuss the classical limit for various continuum systems. To control the compact group case, we discuss coherent states built up from a maximal weight vector in an irreducible representation and we prove that every bounded operator is an integral of projections onto coherent vectors (i.e. every operator has “diagonal form”).
Myasthenia gravis presenting as isolated respiratory failure.

A patient with myasthenia gravis presenting as respiratory failure was unusual in his lack of peripheral neuromuscular involvement, negative results on many commonly used diagnostic tests, and lack of response to firstline therapeutic measures. Review of the pertinent literature revealed no previously described presentation of myasthenia gravis in this manner. (Chest 1990; 97:232-34)
Diminished baroreflex control of heart rate responses in otoconia-deficient C57BL/6JEi head tilt mice.

The maintenance of stable blood pressure during postural changes is known to involve integration of vestibular and cardiovascular central regulatory mechanisms. Sensory activity in the vestibular s...
Comment: Reaching for the stars

The Herschel and Planck missions are space science as it used to be: big, bold and risky. Hurrah for that, says Stuart Clarks
Sleep Disturbances: Implications for Cannabis Use, Cannabis Use Cessation, and Cannabis Use Treatment

Cannabis may be used, among certain individuals, for its actual and/or perceived sleep-promoting properties. Although evidence suggests that cannabis is likely beneficial for sleep initiation, over time individuals may develop tolerance to these benefits, leading to greater use in order to maintain the same sleep-inducing effects. This form of use likely contributes to the development of problematic cannabis use patterns, including cannabis use disorders. Evidence also points to sleep as an important consideration in terms of understanding cannabis withdrawal and relapse. Here, sleep disturbances have been reported as a primary symptom of withdrawal, with studies revealing that this increase in sleep disruption during discontinuation of cannabis use may be a significant risk factor for relapse. Therefore, it is likely important to consider interventions aimed at providing alternative means to cope with and/or treat sleep disturbances (e.g., behavioral or pharmacological approaches) as adjuncts to interventions for cannabis use disorders to improve treatment outcomes.