cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Processing Discontinuous Lexical Items, by Whatever Name.

L'A. repond a l'article precedant intitule «Processing Separable Complex Verbs in Dutch: Comments on Frazier, Flores d'Arcais and Coolen» (revue «Cognition», vol 54, n°3 mars 1995, pp. 353-356). Contre les objections de G. Kempen concernant leurs conclusions theoriques, l'A. defend la position originale de Frazier et al. concernant l'analyse des verbes complexes du type hebben dans la langue neerlandaise
Negative Binomial Fits to Multiplicity Distributions from Central Collisions of 16 O+Cu at 14.6A GeV/c and Intermittency

The concept of “Interimittency” was introduced by Bialas and Peschanski1 to try to explain the ‘large’ fluctuations of multiplicity in restricted intervals of rapidity or pseudo-rapidity.2,3 A formalism was proposed1 to to study non-statistical (more precisely, non-Poisson) fluctuations as a function of the size of rapidity interval, and it was further suggested1 that the “spikes” in the rapidity fluctuations were evidence of fractal or intermittent behavior, in analogy to turbulence in fluid dynamics which is characterized by self-similar fluctuations at all scales—the absence of a well defined scale of length.4 Bialas and Peschanski proposed that the data be presented as Normalized Factorial Moments of order q: $$ = \frac{{ }} {{ ^q }},$$ (1) where n is the multiplicity in a pseudorapidity interval (bin) of size δη on a given event and the brackets indicate averaging over all events. Intermittency would be indicated by a power-law increase of multiplicity distribution moments over pseudorapidity bins as the bin size is reduced: $$F_q (\delta \eta ) \propto (\delta \eta )^{ - \varphi _q } .$$ (2)
Glutaraldehyde-Cross-linked Meniscal Allografts: Clinical, Gross, and Histological Results

Osteoarthritic changes in the knee are often a late result of total meniscectomy. In cases of total resection, availability of a prosthetic meniscus might limit development of these changes. The objective of this research was to evaluate a glutaraldehyde-cross-linked medial meniscus as a morphologically and biologically compatible prosthesis in a canine model. Medial and lateral menisci were harvested from donor dogs, frozen in saline, and cross-linked with glutaraldehyde. Five host animals were selected and matched with donors. Glutaraldehyde-cross-linked medial menisci were implanted bilaterally in the stifle joints and one glutaraldehyde cross-linked lateral meniscus was implanted subcutaneously. Clinical results showed asymptomatic limb and joint usage during the 12 postoperative weeks. Gross and histological evaluations indicated acceptable biocompatibility. The subcutaneous implants were encapsulated with a thin fibrous tissue capsule that was only mildly inflamed. Within the joints, the anterior attachment and periphery were maintained in position by their sutures; however, there was dehiscence of the posterior suture in all cases. The articulating surfaces of the implants were intact. There was an initial loss in the quantity of proteoglycans following glutaraldehyde treatment, with significant recovery after implantation into the joints. There were significant degenerative changes (loss of proteoglycans and fibrillation) in the articular cartilage on the femoral condyle and tibial plateau most likely a result of the posterior attachment failure. It was concluded that glutaraldehyde-cross-linked meniscal allografts showed an acceptable degree of histocompatibility. However, failure of the posterior attachment interfered with testing the efficacy of the prosthesis.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Current Performance-Based Maintenance Methods to Improve Virginia Highways: Comparative Analysis

This research was completed in two phases. Phase 1 involved a miniscan study of the highway maintenance industry to identify current state-of-practice in performance-based maintenance contracting (PBMC). Information was gathered on domestic and foreign agencies currently using performance-based maintenance on highways. Phase 2 used the miniscan study information to build, compare, and analyze agency time lines, comparing the Virginia Department of Transportation (DOT) with others. Time lines included major milestones at each agency, that is, milestones that enabled innovation in the field of performance-based contracting. The purpose of comparing the Virginia DOT with other agencies was to provide the Virginia DOT with industry best practices as well as recommendations for future contract evolutions. Time lines were constructed for the Florida DOT, Main Roads of Western Australia, the Highways Agency of England, and the New Zealand Transport Agency. Connection links were made between the Virginia DOT and ...
Valinomycin blockade of slow channels in guinea pig hearts perfused with elevated K+ and isoproterenol

Abstract Valinomycin (10 −6 M), a K + ionophore and uncoupler of oxidative phosphorylation, markedly shortened the action potential of isolated perfused guinea pig hearts within 5–10 min. Contractions were abolished, i.e., the hearts became electromechanically uncoupled. In hearts perfused with 27 mM K + (cells depolarized to −40 mV) to inactivate the fast Na + channels, catecholamines rapidly induced slowly rising, overshooting, plateau-like responses with accompanying contractions. Valinomycin abolished the slow responses and contractions within 2–5 min and depleted the ATP content. These results suggest that valinomycin indirectly blocks the slow inward current through ATP depletion, slow cation channels requiring metabolic energy.
Near-Field Radiative Energy Transfer Between Two Spheres

Radiative energy transfer between closely spaced bodies is known to be significantly larger than that predicted by classical radiative transfer because of tunneling due to evanescent waves. Polar materials like silicon carbide and silica can support surface phonon polaritons due to resonances in the dielectric function of such materials. This leads to an enhanced density of states of electromagnetic surface modes near the surface compared to vacuum and leads to a pronounced increase in energy transfer near the resonance region. Experimental measurements between half-planes of polar materials can be very challenging because of the difficulty in measuring the gap as well as the parallelism between the surfaces. Theoretical investigation of near-field energy transfer on the other hand, is generally restricted to that between two parallel half-planes because of the complications involved in analyzing other configurations such as sphere-sphere or sphere-plane. Sphere-sphere or sphere-plane configurations beyond the dipole approximation have not been attempted. In this work, we analyze numerically the radiative energy transfer between two adjacent non-overlapping spheres.Copyright © 2006 by ASME
Numerical simulation of forced and free-to-roll delta-wing motions

The three-dimensional, Reynolds-averaged, Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations are used to numerically simulate nonsteady vortical flow about a 65-deg sweep delta wing at 30-deg angle of attack. Two large-amplitude, high-rate, forced-roll motions, and a damped free-to-roll motion are presented. The free-to-roll motion is computed by coupling the time-dependent RANS equations to the flight dynamic equation of motion. The computed results are in good agreement with the forces, moments, and roll-angle time histories. Vortex breakdown is present in each case. Significant time lags in the vortex breakdown motions relative to the body motions strongly influence the dynamic forces and moments.
Low prefrontal perfusion linked to depression symptoms in methadone-maintained opiate-dependent patients.

Abstract Background Clinically depressed patients without substance use disorders, compared to controls, exhibit significantly lower resting regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) in the prefrontal cortex (PFC). In this study, we examined the link between resting rCBF in the PFC and current depressive symptoms in methadone-maintained opiate-dependent (MM) patients with or without major depression. Methods Arterial spin labeled perfusion fMRI at 3 Tesla was used to measure resting rCBF in 21 MM patients. Perfusion data were analyzed using SPM2. The relationship between Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) score and resting rCBF was examined in a single regression analysis. Results The BDI scores ranged between 0 and 18 ( m = 7.0, S.D. = 4.8), and 30% of the sample had mild to moderate depression symptoms according to BDI scores. A negative correlation was observed between BDI scores and relative rCBF in the bilateral ventrolateral prefrontal cortex, and middle frontal gyri. Conclusions The inverse relationship between prefrontal paralimbic rCBF and depression scores suggests a link between reduced fronto-limbic activity and depressive symptoms in MM patients. A significant subgroup of opiate-dependent patients has clinical or sub-clinical depression that is often undetected; our data identify brain substrates of depression symptoms that may also be a potential marker of relapse in this population. Treatment strategies targeting these brain regions may improve outcomes in depressed substance abusers.
Immunohistochemistry: Applications to the Evaluation of Lung and Pleural Neoplasms: Part 2

Immunohistochemistry has come to occupy a key position among the armamentarium of tools pathologists apply to the evaluation of lung and pleural neoplasms. This technique uses antibodies that bind to specific antigens, usually proteins, enabling microscopic detection of the antigens. Over the last several decades, an impressive array of antibodies has become commercially available, and many of these antibodies have become integrated into the routine practice of pathology. Evaluation of tissue or cytology samples with these antibodies can facilitate determination of tumor type and site of origin. Comments citing results of immunohistochemical staining with these antibodies frequently appear in pathology reports and may be difficult to translate for those less familiar with the technique. This review presents, in two parts, common diagnostic applications of immunohistochemistry with information about strategies taken for frequently encountered differential diagnostic scenarios. This article is the second of the two parts and focuses on immunohistochemical approaches to differentiating primary pulmonary from metastatic adenocarcinomas, mesotheliomas from carcinomas, and various types of spindle cell neoplasms. Potential future directions involving therapeutic and prognostic biomarkers are also discussed.
Vorprozesse des Wärmedurchschlages. I. Inhomogene Stromdichteverteilung bei hohen elektrischen Leistungen in CdS‐Einkristallen

Es wird eine elektro-thermo-optische Methode beschrieben, mit deren Hilfe der Stromdichteverlauf im Innern von Kristallen ausgemessen werden kann. Diese Methode wird zur Bestimmung des Stromdichteverlaufs in CdS-Einkristallen bei hohen Strombelastungen angewendet. Der Zusammenhang zwischen Temperaturprofilen, Stromdichteverteilungen und der Strom-Spannungs-Charakteristik wird angegeben und diskutiert. An electro-thermo-optical method is described by means which the distribution of current density within crystals can be measured. This method is used to determine the distribution of high current densities in CdS monocrystals. Relations between temperature distributions, current density distributions, and the current-voltage characteristic are discussed.
Simultaneous Colonization of Campylobacter jejuni and Salmonella typhimurium in Day-Old Chicks

Abstract Day-old chicks were challenged with Campylobacter jejuni or Salmonella typhimurium or both to assess the influence of these two bacteria upon the colonization of one another. Median colonization dose (CD50), a measure indicating the number of organisms required to colonize one-half of the challenged chickens, was used to assess the influence of these organisms upon the colonization of one another. Chicks were gavaged with serial dilutions of 1) C. jejuni, 2) S. typhimurium, 3) dilutions of C. jejuni and a fixed level of S. typhimurium, or 4) dilutions of S. typhimurium and a fixed level of C. jejuni. Six days postchallenge, cecal contents were quantitatively assayed for the challenge organisms. Birds challenged with only C. jejuni or birds challenged with both C. jejuni and S. typhimurium had a CD50 of 120 C. jejuni cells. The CD50 values for S. typhimurium alone (48 cells) and S. typhimurium simultaneously colonized with C. jejuni (180 cells) were not significantly different (P
Poly(alkylene oxide) ionomers. VII.† Use of triethylaluminum/water/acetylacetone (1.0:0.5:1.0) for the polymerization of oxiranes

Polymerization studies of oxiranes were conducted using a modified aluminumalkyl initiator, derived from the low-temperature reaction by chelating agents (5°C) and hydrolysis products of triethylaluminum. The stoichiometric reaction product of acetylacetone and triethylaluminum, after partial hydrolysis with water, gave a homogeneous initiator that polymerized the oxides of ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 1-hexene, 3-chloro-1-propene, and 4,4,4-trichloro-1-butene to the corresponding high molecular weight poly(alkylene oxides). The initiator, similar in nominal composition to the classical trialkylaluminum/water/acetylacetone (1.0/0.5/1.0) initiator developed by Vandenberg, retained a high level of activity, when properly stored, for nearly 4 weeks. The composition was inactive when the sequence of chelation and hydrolysis was reversed. Inclusion of a proton-trapping agent in polymerization experiments of propylene oxide provided evidence that protons do not play a role in the initiation of oxirane polymerizations with modified organoaluminum oxides. Characterization of the various alkylene oxide polymers was carried out by spectroscopic, solution, and thermal techniques.
Aging and capacity in the same-different judgment.

The same-different judgment was used in two experiments to investigate age-group differences in visual processing. Two targets next to fixation were presented; the tar­ gets on one-half of the trials were the same, and on the other half of the trials, the tar­ gets differed by color, shape, or color and shape (redundant). Response times were lower for redundant trials than for color-only and shape-only trials; this redundancy 10 gain was greater for older observers than for young observers. Capacity measures based on the integrated hazard functions indicated that young adults, but not older adults, experienced a slowing of processing (reduction of capacity) in the redundant condition. These capacity measures may provide a method for interpreting age-group effects in the presence of overall response-time differences. 15
Semi-supervised feature selection under logistic I-RELIEF framework

We consider feature selection in the semi-supervised learning setting. This problem is rarely addressed in the literature. We propose a new algorithm as a natural extension of the recently developed Logistic I-RELIEF algorithm. The basic idea of the proposed algorithm is to modify the objective function of Logistic I-RELIEF to include the margins of unlabeled samples by following the large margin principle. Experimental results on artificial and benchmark datasets are presented to demonstrate the viability of the newly proposed method.
PTH prevents the adverse effects of focal radiation on bone architecture in young rats

Radiation therapy is a common treatment regimen for cancer patients. However, its adverse effects on the neighboring bone could lead to fractures with a great impact on quality of life. The underlying mechanism is still elusive and there is no preventive or curative solution for this bone loss. Parathyroid hormone (PTH) is a current therapy for osteoporosis that has potent anabolic effects on bone. In this study, we found that focal radiation from frequent scans of the right tibiae in 1-month-old rats by micro-computed tomography severely decreased trabecular bone mass and deteriorated bone structure. Interestingly, PTH daily injections remarkably improved trabecular bone in the radiated tibiae with increases in trabecular number, thickness, connectivity, structure model index and stiffness, and a decrease in trabecular separation. Histomorphometric analysis revealed that radiation mainly decreased the number of osteoblasts and impaired their mineralization activity but had little effects on osteoclasts. PTH reversed these adverse effects and greatly increased bone formation to a similar level in both radiated and non-radiated bones. Furthermore, PTH protects bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells from radiation-induced damage, including a decrease in number and an increase in adipogenic differentiation. While radiation generated the same amount of free radicals in the bone marrow of vehicle-treated and PTH-treated animals, the percentage of apoptotic bone marrow cells was significantly attenuated in the PTH group. Taken together, our data demonstrate a radioprotective effect of PTH on bone structure and bone marrow and shed new light on a possible clinical application of anabolic treatment in radiotherapy.
Atmospheric deposition and corresponding variability of stemflow chemistry across temporal scales in a mid-Atlantic broadleaved deciduous forest

Despite the fact that atmospheric deposition is widely accepted to be an important process in the biogeochemical cycling of wooded ecosystems, no single study is known that has examined stemflow chemistry in relation to atmospheric deposition across time scales, from within discrete events to season, to chronicle alterations in temporal patterns of stemflow chemistry. This research partitioned stemflow solute fluxes (K+, Na+, Mg2+, Ca2+, Cl−, NO3−, and SO42−) from two tree species of differing canopy form and bark morphology into their leaching and dry deposition washoff components using a modified Kazda (1990) integration model at the intra-storm scale to examine differences within and among discrete rain events. Median annual stemflow concentrations in yellow poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) stemflow were higher than American beech (Fagus grandifolia Ehrh.) stemflow for all ions except NO3−. Beech median enrichment ratios were larger for all monitored ions than yellow poplar. All intra-storm stemflow ionic fluxes were initially high, exponentially decaying to a steady input, typically dominated by leaching contributions. With the exception of yellow poplar stemflow Cl− and NO3− fluxes and beech Na+ flux, all intra-storm mean ionic fluxes began with higher dry deposition percentages and transitioned to primarily leaching. Observations in the field implicate increased magnitude and rainfall intensity in the initiation of new stemflow flowpaths, evidenced by increased variability in the timing of stemflow ionic deposition and fluctuations in the proportion of washoff and leaching during some events. Beech stemflow fluxes were larger than yellow poplar for all ions during the leafed, leafless, and annual periods. Our results demonstrate: (1) the critical role of the initiation of new flowpaths and expansion and maturation of developed flowpaths on a tree’s surface to solute enrichment and transport to the forest floor as a canopy wets-up; and (2) the importance of temporal scale in providing important insights into some effects of stemflow on biogeochemical cycling.
A cavity optomechanical system exhibiting optically induced tunable mechanical nonlinearity

A novel multichannel cavity optomechanical system consisting of a micro-disk resonator and a nano-cantilever has been proposed and implemented, which subsequently led to the first demonstration of optically induced tunable mechanical nonlinearity.
A STOPCOCK FOR USE IN EXCHANGE TRANSFUSIONS

EXCHANGE transfusions through the umbilical vein may be performed in several ways. In the open method, a nurse draws donor blood through a two-way stopcock which is connected to the bottle by autoclaved polyvinyl tubing. The syringe filled with donor blood is handed to the operator or his assistant who injects it directly into the umbilical vein catheter. The advantages of this multiple syringe method are simplicity, speed and minimal opportunity for the formation of blood clots in the system. The disadvantage is the danger of the formation of an air embolus, because during the changing of syringes the umbilical vein catheter is in direct communication with the air. In the closed method, the operator draws donor blood from the bottle and injects it into the umbilical vein catheter by means of 2 three-way stopcocks fastened in tandem. The advantages of this single syringe method are the completely closed system and the avoidance of changing of syringes. The disadvantages are: 1) the keys of the 2 three-way stopcocks can be arranged in 9 different positions; 2) the chances of clotting are increased because of the use of 2 stopcocks, and 3) a direct connection between the blood in the bottle and the umbilical vein is possible. The stopcock to be described was designed to incorporate advantages of both methods while avoiding their disadvantages. The female end of the stopcock (see Fig. 1) is connected to the bottle of donor blood by means of autoclaved polyvinyl tubing; the male end is inserted into the umbilical vein catheter; and the sidearm is fitted onto the syringe.[See Fig 1 in Source Pdf]
The effect of water temperature on drilling and ingestion rates of the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus feeding on Mytilus edulis mussels in the laboratory

In highly seasonal intertidal habitats, changes in temperature through the year may drive substantial shifts in feeding and growth rates of organisms. For the dogwhelk Nucella lapillus, attacking and consuming Mytilus edulis mussels can take hours or days, depending on temperature. Handling time of dogwhelks feeding on mussels is therefore greatly affected by ocean temperature. I recorded attack time in the laboratory, partitioned into drilling and consumption time, for juvenile dogwhelks across a range of seawater temperatures representative of field seawater temperatures during the main growing seasons of summer and autumn. The combined length of a drilling attack and subsequent ingestion time tripled across the 10 °C decline in water temperatures from July through November, driven primarily by an increase in ingestion time. The observed reduction in handling time, coupled with projected sea surface warming in New England by the end of the twenty-first century, could extend the length of the growing season for Nucella and subsequently have cascading effects on the prey community.
Stüve-Wiedemann syndrome: LIFR and associated cytokines in clinical course and etiology

Stuve-Wiedemann syndrome (STWS; OMIM #610559) is a rare bent-bone dysplasia that includes radiologic bone anomalies, respiratory distress, feeding difficulties, and hyperthermic episodes. STWS usually results in infant mortality, yet some STWS patients survive into and, in some cases, beyond adolescence. STWS is caused by a mutation in the leukemia inhibitory factor receptor (LIFR) gene, which is inherited in an autosomally recessive pattern. Most LIFR mutations resulting in STWS are null mutations which cause instability of the mRNA and prevent the formation of LIFR, impairing the signaling pathway. LIFR signaling usually follows the JAK/STAT3 pathway, and is initiated by several interleukin-6-type cytokines. STWS is managed on a symptomatic basis since there is no treatment currently available.
Family Caregivers Define and Manage the Nursing Home Placement Process

The nursing home placement process is complex and difficult for family caregivers. This qualitative descriptive study examines the experiences of caregivers involved in the management of care and placement of an older family member using the Family Management Style Framework. Ten caregivers were recruited from four nursing homes in the Midwest. The caregivers were interviewed shortly after placement and again 3 months post-placement. Results provide a unique understanding of care management and the nursing home placement process from the perspective of the primary family caregiver. Overall, there were similarities across the same types of caregiving dyads, for example, spousal and adult-children caregivers. Caregivers expressed the need to maintain the identity of their older family member, a familial responsibility for caregiving, and change in their family relationship over time. Appreciating caregivers' challenges and needs gives health care professionals a better understanding for how to provide assistance for a smoother nursing home transition.
Compete or Coordinate? Aid Fragmentation and Lead Donorship

Donor proliferation and the fragmentation of aid delivery is an important problem besetting foreign aid policy. Increased donor coordination is widely seen as a fix to this problem. This article explores theoretically and empirically the collective action problems and incentives that donors face when coordinating their actions, based on the distinction between private and public goods properties of aid. I introduce the concept of lead donorship, develop a measure that accounts for the exclusive and long-lasting ties between a lead donor and a recipient country, and show that lead donorship is in long-term decline. I test my theory combining spatial autoregressive (SAR) models, nonparametric model discrimination techniques, and data on aid delivery channels. I recover evidence of collusion in the provision of private goods aid in the presence of a lead donor, and lack of coordination and competition in the absence of a lead donor.
SURVEY OF ELDERLY DAY HOSPITAL PATIENTS DURING A PERIOD OF INDUSTRIAL ACTION

The effect of a six-week closure of an active day hospital for the elderly was studied. The ill-effects were not marked and the implications are discussed.
Conducting high frequency electrical measurements — Case study using a TASER M18 device

A number of measuring instruments are currently available for conducting dc and low frequency electrical measurements. However, to achieve a high degree of accuracy in high-voltage, high-frequency measurements for pulse power applications at low repetition rates requires careful adherence to established electrical procedures. Measurement errors may be introduced due to a variety of reasons. Parasitic elements may also play a significant role. The authors conducted a series of electrical tests to determine the output current waveforms and the power dissipated for a device operating at a high voltage and high frequency with a low duty cycle. The device of choice was a new TASER® M18, used in the “drive-stun” mode and connected to eleven load resistances. Output current waveforms were recorded. The power dissipated in the various load resistances was also computed. The authors further compare their results with a series of measurements reported in the article, “Forensic Engineering Analysis of Electro-Shock Weapon Safety,” by James A. Ruggieri, P.E. This article was published by the Journal of the National Academy of Forensic Engineers, Vol. XXII, No. 2, December 2005, p. 19–48. In this article, Mr. Ruggieri reported his measurements of the electrical power outputs for the M18, alleging that as the output resistance decreased, the “Power Contributing Interval” (PCI) and consequently the output power, increased substantially. This paper also presents comparisons of the waveforms generated by the authors versus those presented by Mr. Ruggieri, and graphically compares the values of the calculated output power. This paper illustrates the importance of adhering to proper measurement techniques when conducting high-voltage, high-frequency measurements.
THEORY OF THE PHOTODISINTEGRATION OF THE DEUTERON

By means of a covariant field-theoretic technique, a formally exact expression is derived for the amplitude for photodisintegration of the deuteron. By expanding the result only in the number of mesons exchanged and by making a series of nonrelativistic approximations, the expression is reduced to one in which the corrections to the conventional dipole matrix element depend only on the amplitude for photomeson production, the renormalized meson-nucleon coupling constant, and the appropriate two nucleon wave functions. One finds that virtual meson effects play little role at energies below 100 Mev, in justification of recent calculations based on the conventional nonrelativistic theory. At higher energies good agreement with the total cross section was obtained by the inclusion of both hard core and tensor force effects in the wave functions. In addition the folded angular distribution could be fitted by using a reasonable extrapolation of the phase shifts in the /sup 1/S/sub 0/ and /sup 1/D/sub 2/ states. (auth)
Hybrid type checking

Traditional static type systems are effective for verifying basic interface specifications. Dynamically checked contracts support more precise specifications, but these are not checked until runtime, resulting in incomplete detection of defects. Hybrid type checking is a synthesis of these two approaches that enforces precise interface specifications, via static analysis where possible, but also via dynamic checks where necessary. This article explores the key ideas and implications of hybrid type checking, in the context of the λ-calculus extended with contract types, that is, with dependent function types and with arbitrary refinements of base types.
An Economic Framework for Spectrum Allocation and Service Pricing with Competitive Wireless Service Providers

In the future, we can expect to see more dynamic service offerings and profiles, as users move from long-term service provider agreements to more opportunistic service models. Moreover, when the radio spectrum is itself traded in a market- based scenario, wireless service providers (WSPs) will likely require new strategies to deploy services, define service profiles, and price them. Currently, there is little understanding on how such a dynamic trading system will operate so as to make the system feasible under economic terms. From an economic point of view, we analyze two main components of this overall trading system: (i) spectrum allocation to WSPs and (ii) interaction of end users with the WSPs. For this two-tier trading system, we present a winner determining sealed-bid knapsack auction mechanism that dynamically allocates spectrum to the WSPs based on their bids. We propose a dynamic pricing strategy based on game theory to capture the conflict of interest between WSPs and end users, both of whom try to maximize their respective net utilities. We show that even in such a greedy and non-cooperative behavioral game model, it is in the best interest of the WSPs to adhere to a price threshold which is a consequence of a price equilibrium in an oligopoly situation. Through simulation results, we show that the proposed auction entices the WSPs to participate in the auction, makes optimal use of the common spectrum pool, and avoids collusion among WSPs. Moreover, numerical results demonstrate how pricing can be used as an effective tool for providing incentives to the WSPs to upgrade their network resources and offer better services.
Guest Editorial The Study of Productive Aging

INCE the mid 1980s productive aging has taken on new urgency as the average life expectancy rises to age 76.6 years. It has engaged the interest and sparked controversy among gerontologists, some of whom have monetized the idea of productive aging, with its distasteful connotation of forced work. In fact, productive aging includes voluntary as well as paid contributions to society and, at its most basic, continuing self-care. Paid work itself is multifaceted and includes remunerative self-employment as well as work for others. For older employees, the central issue regarding participation in paid work is, of course, retirement. But here too, many factors influence an individual’s decision to retire, including the quality of the work environment, the structure of social security and private pension plans, the availability of part-time work and/or flexibility of work hours, age discrimination, and health, to say nothing of individual socioeconomic characteristics such as income, wealth, education, marital status, spouse’s labor force participation, race, and gender. The much-publicized MacArthur Study on Aging confirms earlier work showing that engagement in meaningful activities contributes to good health, satisfaction with life, and longevity, as well as providing a potentially effective means of reducing costs of physical and emotional illness in later life. Productive aging is a necessary object of study, and it incorporates a number of challenging questions: How to best use older persons? What are the constraints? How can work tasks and the workplace be altered to take into account physiological or pathological changes with aging? What are the bases of age discrimination and how can these be changed? In short, what can the tools of economics and other social sciences teach us about the positive effects of increased longevity on the creation of new markets and the stimulation of growth of the Gross Domestic Product, and about the significant obstacles and incentives to productive aging? Answers to these and other important questions depend on further studies. In 2020, 70 million baby boomers will constitute nearly 20% of the population. Given their talents, skill, and knowledge, it seems unlikely that they will—or indeed will be able to—sit idly by collecting Social Security and using Medicare without continuing to contribute to society. (However, it must also be acknowledged that there will always be those who are unable to remain productive for the entire life course. Their needs must be respected, and they must be protected by Social Security and Medicare.) Continued research on the variety of issues relating to productive aging, and reports about the results of these studies are in the best interests of both society and the individual.
Molecular Interactions Continuously Define the Organizer during the Cell Movements of Gastrulation

The organizer is a unique region in the gastrulating embryo that induces and patterns the body axis. It arises before gastrulation under the influence of the Nieuwkoop center. We show that during gastrulation, cell movements bring cells into and out of the chick organizer, Hensen's node. During these movements, cells acquire and lose organizer properties according to their position. A "node inducing center," which emits Vg1 and Wnt8C, is located in the middle of the primitive streak. Its activity is inhibited by ADMP produced by the node and by BMPs at the periphery. These interactions define the organizer as a position in the embryo, whose cellular makeup is constantly changing, and explain the phenomenon of organizer regeneration.
Analysis of capacity-constrained sequential auctions in duopoly market environment

Sequential auctions with the Vickrey-Clarke-Glove (VCG) mechanism are proposed for two buyers to purchase multiple units of an identical item. The suppliers in a duopoly market environment are assumed to have capacity constraints of providing the required product. Three research problems are studied: the suppliers' expected payoff functions, the suppliers' bidding strategies in the first auction, and the buyers' procurement costs. Both suppliers' dominant bidding strategies are theoretically derived. Suppliers' expected profits and buyers' expected procurement costs are empirically analyzed.
Optimum reactive power compensation regime for radial connected wind turbines

Although there is considerable progress in the wind energy conversion technology, most of the currently installed wind turbines are using induction generators to convert mechanical energy to electrical one. The induction generators which are utilized in wind turbines and wind farms consume high amount of reactive power. Beside, since there is no voltage regulation installed for induction machines and they draw reactive power from power system, these machines are source of voltage fluctuations. Therefore, reactive power compensation is needed to provide expected voltage support where the wind turbines are connected. Minimizing the cost of compensation is the next important step. In this paper a practical method is proposed to find the minimum cost of reactive power compensation for use in radial connection of wind power turbines to power systems.
Perceptions, Information Sources, and Behavior Regarding Alcohol and Heart Health

Despite the equipoise regarding alcohol's cardiovascular effects and absence of relevant rigorous controlled trials, the lay press frequently portrays alcohol as "heart healthy." The public perception of alcohol's heart effects, the sources of those perceptions, and how they may affect behavior are unknown. We performed a cross-sectional analysis of data obtained from March 2013 to September 2014 from consecutive participants enrolled in the Health eHeart Study. Of 5,582 participants, 1,707 (30%) viewed alcohol as heart healthy, 2,157 (39%) viewed it as unhealthy, and 1,718 (31%) were unsure. Of those reporting alcohol as heart healthy, 80% cited lay press as a source of their knowledge. After adjustment, older age (odds ratio 1.11), higher education (odds ratio 1.37), higher income (odds ratio 1.07), US residence (odds ratio 1.63), and coronary artery disease (odds ratio 1.51) were associated with perception of alcohol as heart healthy (all p 5,000 consecutive Health eHeart participants, approximately 1/3 believed alcohol to be heart healthy, and the majority cited the lay press as the origin of that perception. Those with a perception of alcohol as heart healthy drink substantially more alcohol.
Will High-Sensitivity Troponin Improve the Evaluation of Patients With Chest Pain in the Emergency Department?

Approximately 8 million people in the United States are evaluated for chest pain in the emergency department (ED) each year at an estimated cost of over $10 billion ([1,2][1]). Most of these individuals do not have an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). However, atypical symptoms of myocardial ischemia
Predation on Amphibians and Reptiles by Reintroduced Whooping Cranes (Grus americana) in Louisiana

Abstract Predation on reptiles and amphibians by whooping cranes (Grus americanus) is widely reported, but all published data are anecdotal or based on singular observations, and mostly refer to isolated predation events. Some observers consider reptiles and amphibians to only be occasional prey items of whooping cranes. I report observations that show reptiles and amphibians to be an important food source for reintroduced whooping cranes in Louisiana, particularly in spring months, in that they might become a significant source of high-value food during the cranes’ nesting season.
Impact of a MCH-FP Program on Children's Nutritional Status: Evidence from Matlab, Bangladesh

This study evaluates the impact of a maternal and child health-family planning program on the health status of children in rural Bangladesh. The program was administered in a treatment area while retaining an equally impoverished area as control, allowing us to estimate treatment effects without endogenous program placement and selection biases. In the first part of the study, a reduced form demand approach and data from MHSS 1996 have been used to estimate the program effects, returns to mother's education, the joint effect of the program and mother's education, and gender differences in children's nutritional outcomes. Results indicate that the program significantly improved the health of children in the treatment area in comparison to the control area children. Mother's education has a positive impact on child health, more for girls than boys. The program is a substitute for maternal education in improving boys' health while a complement to household wealth in improving girls' nutritional status. The second part of this study examines the household gender composition of children across the two program areas and the joint impact of the program and household gender composition on the nutritional outcomes of children. The study tries to draw out socialization and reference group effects. Preliminary results indicate that netting out fertility effects, girls in households with majority male siblings are worse off in the program area whereas girls living with more female siblings have better nutritional status due to the program.
Abstract TMP112: F11 Receptor Antagonists As Therapeutic Agents For Atherosclerosis And Thrombosis

Rationale and Objective: The F11 Receptor (F11R; aka Junctional Adhesion Molecule-A, JAM-A) is a cell adhesion protein present on the surface of circulating platelets and within tight junctions of endothelial cells (EC). We reported evidence for the critical role of F11R in the adhesion of platelets to cytokine-inflamed endothelium. Because platelet adhesion to an inflamed endothelium is one of the early steps of plaque formation in non-denuded blood vessels, we concluded that exposure of de novo synthesized F11R molecules on the luminal surface of EC is a crucial step in early stages of atherogenesis, leading to atherosclerosis, heart attacks and strokes. Utilizing recombinant F11R protein and F11R peptides, we have demonstrated that the expression of F11R on the luminal surface of inflamed EC initiates platelet adhesion to the inflamed EC thru binding of F11R molecules and this binding is inhibited by F11R antagonists. The present report provides new in-vivo evidence for the critical role of F11R antagonists in the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in apoE -/- mice. Methods and Results: The effect of F11R peptide on the formation of atherosclerotic plaques was determined in apoE -/- mice from 12 to 20 weeks of age. Fourteen apoE -/- mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory and fed a Western-type diet. Seven mice were injected with an F11R peptide (4.3 mg/100μl) every day for either a 3-, 4- or a 5- month period. Control animals were injected with diluent for the same period of time. The aortae and hearts were dissected and the aortic arch was photographed. An aortic lesion en face assay and morphometric lesion analysis was performed. Mice treated with the F11R peptide demonstrated healthy appearance with significantly decreased atherosclerotic lesion size as compared to unhealthy, control animals with large lesion sizes. Conclusions: F11R peptide inhibits the development of plaque formation in Apo E -/- mice, an animal model of atherosclerosis. The results of combined in vitro and in vivo studies provide information that development of small peptide analogs or peptidiomimetics which antagonize the pathological activity of F11R can be used as therapeutic agents for the prevention of atherosclerosis and thrombosis leading to heart attacks and strokes.
Multicentre outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy after major open abdominal surgery

Objective To evaluate the outcomes of robot-assisted partial nephrectomy RAPN after major prior abdominal surgery (PAS) using a large multicentre database. Patients and methods We identified 1 686 RAPN from five academic centres between 2006 and 2014. In all, 216 patients had previously undergone major PAS, defined as having an open upper midline/ipsilateral incision. Perioperative outcomes were compared with those 1 470 patients who had had no major PAS. The chi-squared test and Mann-Whitney U-test were used for categorical and continuous variables, respectively. Results There was no statistically significant difference in Charlson comorbidity index, tumour size, R.E.N.A.L. nephrometry score or preoperative estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) between the groups. Age and body mass index were higher in patients with PAS. The PAS group had a higher estimated blood loss (EBL) but this did not lead to a higher transfusion rate. A retroperitoneal approach was used more often in patients with major PAS (11.2 vs 5.4%), although this group did not have a higher percentage of posterior tumours (38.8 vs 43.3%, P = 0.286). Operative time, warm ischaemia time, length of stay, positive surgical margin, percentage change in eGFR, and perioperative complications were not significantly different between the groups. Conclusions RAPN in patients with major PAS is safe and feasible, with increased EBL but no increased rate of transfusion. Patients with major PAS had almost twice the likelihood of having a retroperitoneal approach.
Theory of radio reflections from electron-ion clouds

Approximations to the reflection coefficients of electron-ion clouds of various sizes, shapes, and densities are determined. A simplified approach to the problem is employed, wherein the total reflection from the low-density clouds is computed by Summing the scattered wavelets from the individual electrons, while the high-density clouds are treated as total reflectors at the critical density radius. Some of the limitations of this method are discussed. While more elaborate determinations should be used in certain regions of cloud size and density, the method used here provides an over-all, first-order approximation of the effects of size, shape, and density on the reflecting properties of electron-ion clouds. Several possible applications of the theoretical results are outlined.
American Fiction, Jewish Writers, and Black Characters: The Return of “The Human Negro” in Philip Roth

In a number of essays collected in Shadow and Act, Ralph Ellison categorizes the typical uses to which modern American white writers have put Black characters: to image "the unorganized, irrational forces in American life"'; to image "disorder and chaos"2; to image "infantile rebellions [against], fears of, and retreat from reality"3; to image "almost everything [the white mind] would repress from conscience and consciousness. "4
Stimulation of Prolactin Release in Rats by GABA

SummaryInfusion of GABA into the lateral ventricle of intact female rats on the morning of proestrus and in ovariectomized rats significantly stimulated PRL release. This response apparently is not mediated through a direct action on the pituitary since injection of GAB A into hypophysectomized rats with a pituitary transplant under the kidney capsule did not alter serum prolactin levels. These observations suggest that GABA may have a role in regulating prolactin secretion.
"Leveraged" Decision Making in Advertising: The Flat Maximum Principle and Its Implications

The relationship between advertising and sales revenues has been the focus of numerous empirical and conceptual studies. Guided by past empirical works and using calculated values, the authors exam...
Extracting (n,{gamma}) direct capture cross sections from Coulomb dissociation: Application to {sup 14}C(n,{gamma}){sup 15}C

A methodology for extracting neutron direct capture rates from Coulomb dissociation data is developed and applied to the Coulomb dissociation of $^{15}\mathrm{C}$ on $^{208}\mathrm{Pb}$ at 68 MeV/nucleon. Full continuum discretized coupled channel calculations are performed and an asymptotic normalization coefficient is determined from a fit to the breakup data. Direct neutron capture calculations using the extracted asymptotic normalization coefficient provide $(n,\ensuremath{\gamma})$ cross sections consistent with direct measurements. Our results show that the Coulomb dissociation data can be reliably used for extracting the cross section for $^{14}\mathrm{C}$($n,\ensuremath{\gamma}$)$^{15}\mathrm{C}$ if the appropriate reaction theory is used. The resulting error bars are of magnitude comparable to those from the direct measurement. This procedure can be used more generally to extract capture cross sections from breakup reactions whenever the desired capture process is fully peripheral.