cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Generation and characteristics of equatorial plasma bubbles detected by the C/NOFS satellite near the sunset terminator

[1] We present the observations of equatorial plasma bubbles in the evening sector by the Communication/Navigation Outage Forecasting System (C/NOFS) satellite during 2011. We illustrate with a few examples the overall properties of the equatorial ionosphere as the solar activity approached maximum. C/NOFS was often below the F peak and this allowed us to examine the early phases of irregularity formation. We show examples when C/NOFS detected a continuous generation of plasma bubbles near the sunset terminator over eight successive orbits (∼12 h). A clear prereversal enhancement of upward plasma drift occurred between 18:00 and 19:00 LT when plasma bubbles were detected by C/NOFS, and the peak value of the upward ion drift at or near the magnetic equator was 40–70 m s−1. In some cases, C/NOFS was well below the Fpeak and detected wide regions with very low plasma density over ∼3000 km in longitude in the evening sector, and plasma bubbles were generated within the low-density region. C/NOFS also detected simultaneous existence of plasma bubbles between 19:00 and 03:00 LT, corresponding to a longitudinal coverage of ∼12,000 km. Significant differences in the characteristics of plasma bubbles between periods of low and high solar activity are identified. Large plasma bubbles occur in the midnight-dawn sector at low solar activity but in the evening sector at high solar activity. The lifetime of plasma bubbles is long (7 h or longer) at low solar activity but is short (∼3 h) at high solar activity. Broad plasma depletions occur near dawn at low solar activity, but wide low-density regions with multiple plasma bubbles occur in the evening sector at high solar activity.
Deposition of histone variant H2A.Z within gene bodies regulates responsive genes

The regulation of eukaryotic chromatin relies on interactions between many epigenetic factors, including histone modifications, DNA methylation, and the incorporation of histone variants. H2A.Z, one of the most conserved but enigmatic histone variants that is enriched at the transcriptional start sites of genes, has been implicated in a variety of chromosomal processes. Recently, we reported a genome-wide anticorrelation between H2A.Z and DNA methylation, an epigenetic hallmark of heterochromatin that has also been found in the bodies of active genes in plants and animals. Here, we investigate the basis of this anticorrelation using a novel h2a.z loss-of-function line in Arabidopsis thaliana. Through genome-wide bisulfite sequencing, we demonstrate that loss of H2A.Z in Arabidopsis has only a minor effect on the level or profile of DNA methylation in genes, and we propose that the global anticorrelation between DNA methylation and H2A.Z is primarily caused by the exclusion of H2A.Z from methylated DNA. RNA sequencing and genomic mapping of H2A.Z show that H2A.Z enrichment across gene bodies, rather than at the TSS, is correlated with lower transcription levels and higher measures of gene responsiveness. Loss of H2A.Z causes misregulation of many genes that are disproportionately associated with response to environmental and developmental stimuli. We propose that H2A.Z deposition in gene bodies promotes variability in levels and patterns of gene expression, and that a major function of genic DNA methylation is to exclude H2A.Z from constitutively expressed genes.
Images in clinical medicine. Castleman's disease.

Figure 1. A 31-year-old woman who had had painless, right-sided cervical adenopathy for three months was given antibiotics, but the adenopathy persisted. She had no systemic symptoms and no other palpable lymph nodes, and the remainder of her physical examination was unremarkable. The results of all laboratory studies were normal. At surgery the node was 3 cm in diameter, tannish yellow, and rubbery. Histologic examination revealed numerous germinal centers pierced by capillaries emanating from a hypervascular pericortex and cuffed by small lymphocytes arranged in a concentric onionskin pattern (hematoxylin and eosin, ×925). These morphologic features are characteristic of Castleman's disease. . . .
Caution on nominee to head USGS.

In the Newsmakers item “New USGS head” (19 May, p. [995][1]) on the nomination of Mark Myers to head the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), I was quoted by the writer Erik Stokstad as saying that Myers “has a significant amount of integrity.” I have no direct knowledge of Myers and therefore
ACCELERATED RECOVERY FROM COMBINED ATRACURIUM-VECURONIUM NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCK

Patients given combinations of non-depolarizing neuromuscular blocking drugs have been reported to recover from neuromuscular block more rapidly than patients given a single drug. This study was designed to assess if this phenomenon occurred with the combination of atracurium and vecuronium. During nitrous oxide-fentanyl anaesthesia, 30 adult patients were allocated randomly to receive atracurium 0.5 mg kg−1, vecuronium 0.1 mg kg−1, or a combination of atracurium 0.125 mg kg−1 ³ vecuronium 0.025 mg kg−1. All patients had 100% neuromuscular block, and times to block onset did not differ significantly between the three groups. Recovery to 10, 25, 50 and 90% of control twitch height was significantly faster in the group receiving the combination of drugs.
Relationship between ambulatory blood pressure and aortic arch atherosclerosis.

Abstract Objective Atherosclerotic plaque in the aortic arch is an independent risk factor for ischemic stroke. Although high blood pressure (BP) measured at the doctor's office is known to be associated with aortic atherosclerosis, little is known on the association between 24-h ambulatory BP and aortic arch plaque presence and severity. Our objective was to clarify the association between ambulatory BP variables and aortic arch atherosclerosis in a community-based cohort. Methods The study population consisted of 795 patients (mean age 71±9 years) participating in the Cardiovascular Abnormalities and Brain Lesions (CABL) study who underwent 24-h ambulatory BP monitoring (ABPM). Arch plaque was evaluated by 2D transthoracic echocardiography from a suprasternal window. Results All systolic ABPM variables (24-h/daytime/nighttime mean systolic BP, daytime/nighttime systolic BP variability) were associated with the presence of any plaque and large (≥4mm) plaque, whereas diastolic BP variables were not associated with aortic atherosclerosis. Multiple regression analysis indicated that nighttime systolic BP variability (expressed as the standard deviation of nighttime systolic BP) remained independently associated with large plaque after adjustment for age, sex, cigarette smoking, history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, hypercholesterolemia, anti-hypertensive medication and nighttime mean systolic BP (odds ratio 1.39 per 1 standard deviation increase, 95% CI 1.00–1.93, P Conclusion Systolic ABPM variables are significantly associated with the presence of arch plaque. Nighttime systolic BP variability is independently associated with large arch plaque. These findings may have important implications in gaining further insights into the mechanism of arch plaque formation and progression.
The volume of full‐text coverage of top‐tier marketing journals in the ABI/INFORM and Business Source Premier databases – key indicators for database licensing

Purpose – The purpose of this research is to analyze the volume of full‐text coverage for 50 marketing‐focused and marketing‐related serial sources in the Ebsco Business Source Premier (BSP) and ProQuest ABI/INFORM Global (ABI) databases, focusing on the significant differences in the full‐text availability of 21 journals which are common in the two databases.Design/methodology/approach – The target serials were the ones rated –in response to a large scale, very well‐designed and implemented research project (Hult et al.)– by more than 600 marketing specialists, working at the marketing departments of universities around the world (the Hult050 set).Findings – The test searches found that BSP had full‐text coverage for 29, and ABI for 34 sources. BSP had 70,740 and ABI had 63,405 full‐text items. However, the detailed analysis at the individual source level of the Hult‐50 set revealed anomalies in the reported volume of full‐text coverage for several top tier marketing journals in ABI, such as single year ...
FERDINAND TÖNNIES'S THEORY OF PUBLIC OPINION

Dr. Palmer is Associate Professor of Political Science at Kenyon College. He is a graduate of Bowdoin College and received the doctorate from Harvard University in I934. During the year I930-3 he held the Bayard Cutting Fellowship in Modern History, awarded by Harvard, and spent part of that period at Kiel working with Ferdinand Tonnies, whose theory of public opinion forms the subject matter of this article.
Adaptive routing in hexagonal torus interconnection networks

The hexagonal torus network is a degree six toroidal network with rich topological properties. It was used in the design of HARTS machine at the University of Michigan, and more recently it has been proposed for cellular networks. The low diameter and less average hop distance of this network make it advantageous over other 2D toroidal network such as meshes and tori. This paper proposes a fully adaptive and deadlock-free routing algorithm for hexagonal torus networks based on virtual channel partitioning and the algorithm requires three virtual channels per physical channel to remain deadlock-free. Simulation results show that this algorithm is superior to the fully adaptive routing algorithm for 2D meshes and 2D tori of the same size.
Thermo-structural analysis of stresses during fabrication of an optical element for the APF camera

The Automated Planet Finder (APF) is a new telescope on Mount Hamilton with an instrument designed and built by UCO. During the development of the instrument's camera lens assembly the largest optical element fractured during fabrication. The glass grade is a relatively robust material and not known for any special sensitivity. Transient thermal and structural FEA modeling was performed on the element geometry for several glass materials to better understand the mechanics involved and the relative nature of the properties and response of the glass that failed. Results show that the glass in question yielded the highest surface stresses of all those considered and high internal stresses as well. The analysis technique described here is a simple tool that can be used to evaluate a material and make valid comparisons with others.
Exploring the link between integrated leadership and public sector performance

article i nfo a bstract This study develops the concept of integrated leadership in the public sector. Integrated leadership is conceived as the combination of five leadership roles that are performed collectively by employees and managers at different levels of the hierarchy. The leadership roles are task-, relations-, change-, diversity-, and integrity-oriented leadership. Using data from the Federal Human Capital Survey and Program Assessment Rating Tool, we analyze the relationship between integrated leadership and federal program performance. The findings from the empirical analysis indicate that integrated leadership has a positive and sizeable effect on the performance of federal sub-agencies. The study concludes with a discussion of the implications of the findings and limitations of the study.
Inability to detect a K cell in bovine peripheral blood leukocytes

Antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity to viral-infected cells, chicken red blood cells, and tumor cells was tested using different effector cell populations: polymorphonuclear cells, mononuclear cells, and mononuclear cells separated into adherent and nonadherent populations by Sephadex G-10. Polymorphonuclear cells were the most efficient mediators of antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity against most targets, although a combination of G-10 adherent and polymorphonuclear cells was more efficient in killing infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus-infected cells than either single cell population. Removal of G-10 adherent cells from the mononuclear cell population removed all antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity from that population, indicating the lack of a typical K cell in bovine peripheral blood.
A study of career patterns of women college graduates

Abstract The employment and educational histories of 498 women college graduates of 1968 were investigated to assess the women's career progress in the 10 years since college. The women were classified in a proposed seven-category system of career patterns adapted from those of D. G. Zytowski (Personnel and Guidance Journal, 1969 , 47, 660–664) and K. P. Wolfson (Journal of Counseling Psychology, 1976 , 23,(2), 119–125). The system established categories for pioneer (nontraditional) as well as traditional women's occupations at varying levels of both span (length) and degree of participation in paid employment. The seven resulting career pattern groups were compared on personal and career-relevant variables. The findings indicated that a majority of the women graduates have worked continuously outside the home since 1968, and many have entered pioneer occupations. Only 1.4% of the present sample of women were full-time homemakers throughout the 10-year period. On the other hand, 28.5% of the women in the sample were currently employed in pioneer occupations. A majority of the women (79%) have combined both careers and homemaking. Women in traditionally female careers, as compared with pioneer women, were less likely to change careers across the 10-year period, and were more likely to move in a horizontal or downward career direction. Pioneer women were more likely than traditionals to move from lower-to higher-level careers. The findings support the use of the adapted classification system in future studies and also provide data for use with women who are now planning for future careers and lifestyles.
1D Coordination Network Formed by a Cadmium Based Pyridyl Urea Helical Monomer

Abstract Herein, we report the metal complexation properties of a macrocyclic ligand (L) that contains three pyridines as well as three urea groups. Linear and strand like ligands are typically used to afford helical coordination polymer. Our reported macrocyclic ligand (L) has remarkable flexibility and can twist upon dative bond formation. Two macrocyclic ligands complex with three cadmium atoms to form a helicate monomeric structure [Cd3L2(H2O)6(CH3CN)2]6+, which extends to a 1D polymeric structure via hydrogen-bonding. We also investigated the binding property of this new ligand in solution by NMR and UV–Vis spectroscopy. These results together with diffusion NMR studies suggest that in solution this ligand also forms an oligomeric complex with cadmium.
Faculty perspectives on international education: The nested realities of faculty collaborations

This chapter examines the incentives and challenges faculty are facing as they become involved in international collaborations at the program, course, and individual level.
Robot-assisted laparoscopic pyeloplasty: technical considerations and outcomes.

Background and Purpose: Since first being described in 1993, laparoscopic pyeloplasty has proven to be less morbid but equally as effective as open pyeloplasty. The technical complexity of the proc...
Genome Screen to Detect Linkage to Common Susceptibility Genes for Intracranial and Aortic Aneurysms

Background and Purpose— Risk for both intracranial aneurysms (IAs) and aortic aneurysms (AAs) is thought to be heritable with mounting evidence for genetic predisposition. The concept of shared risk for these conditions is challenged by differences in age of diagnosis and demographic characteristics. We performed a genomewide linkage analysis in multiplex families with both IA and AA from the Familial Intracranial Aneurysm study. Methods— Available medical records of subjects who reported IA or abdominal/thoracic AA were reviewed with adjudication as definite/probable, possible, or not a case. To identify genes contributing to the susceptibility for IA and AA, genomewide linkage analysis was performed in the 26 multiplex IA families who had members who also had thoracic or abdominal AA. Individuals (n=91) were defined as affected if they had an IA (definite/probable) or an aortic or thoracic AA (definite/probable). Results— Maximum logarithm of odds (LOD) scores were found on chromosomes 11 (144 cM; LOD=3...
Current-voltage characteristics of p-Si/carbon junctions fabricated by pulsed laser deposition

Amorphous carbon/p-Si junctions were fabricated at different temperatures using KrF excimer laser (@l=248nm, pulsed duration 20ns). The current-voltage measurements of the devices showed diode characteristics. The value of various junction parameters such as ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance were determined from forward bias I-V characteristics, Cheung method, and Norde's function. There was a good agreement between the diodes parameters obtained from these methods. The ideality factor of ~1.12 and barrier height of ~0.37eV were estimated using current-voltage characteristics for films grown at room temperature.
Psychiatry and ethics: The problematics of respect for religious meanings

Over the past two decades American psychiatrists have had to address the emergence of an increasingly fervent religious pluralism. Particularly in cases of socially controversial new religious movements (NRMs), distressed families have pressured psychiatrists to assess the mental state of recruits to such sects, often labeled “cults”. At this inevitably acrimonious interface between family values and religious liberties, psychiatrists have for the most part resisted pressures to medicalize religious conversions. This article provides an historical review of American psychiatric response to NRMs with respect to nosology and practice. It introduces this response in the more general context of ethics and the problematics of respect for religious meanings.
Sinking under the weight of corruption: Neoliberal reform, political accountability and justice

The United Nations adopted the 2003 Convention Against Corruption to reduce corruption in developing nations. Corruption's determinants include political systems' permeability to economic influence, state economic intervention, weak political competition and officials' discretionary power to allocate resources. Corruption's outcomes are slowed economic development, misallocation of government resources, income inequalities and, less frequently, disasters. Using archival and interview data, this article documents corruption's shaping of the 2006 sinking of an Egyptian ferry in the Red Sea, which killed 1034; high-level corruption not only caused the disaster but exacerbated its impacts. The study's findings confirm much of the empirical literature but contradict assertions that corruption is associated with high levels of government intervention in the economy. Based on the findings, the article gives a critique of neoliberal reform that associates it with high-level corruption.
A new continuum traffic model obtained from kinetic theory

A new continuum traffic flow model has been obtained from a kinetic model which was developed earlier by the author. The continuum model is derived from the kinetic model by taking moments of a Boltzmann equation. While previous continuum formulations have attempted to describe traffic dynamics in terms of only mean speed and traffic density, this new model introduces a new macroscopic variable which is called traffic pressure. The traffic pressure is proportional to the variance in the traffic speed distribution and is analogous to the gas pressure used in the modeling of gas dynamics.
Post-mining policies and practices in the Eastern USA coal region

Surface coal mines prior to 1950 in the USA were generally left without any reclamation. As government regulations advanced since then, mine operators were required to backfill the area and plant grasses or trees. After the federal Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (SMCRA) was passed in 1977 in the USA, mine operators were required to conduct pre-mining analyses of the site and to designate a land use that could be achieved after mining. Successful reclamation, as needed to satisfy today’s societal demands, requires engineering, design, and purposeful reconstruction of the full mining disturbance, not just its surface, and control of waters leaving the mine site. Effective reclamation on modern American coal mines is fully integrated with the mining operation. A suitable and effective post-mining land use that is sustainable for future generations is crucial to the long-term success and profitability of the mining business and to the future economic benefits of the landowner. Accepted post-mining land uses in the USA are: (1) prime farmland, (2) hay land and pasture, (3) biofuel crops, (4) forestry, (5) wildlife habitat, and (6) building site development. Policies and regulations for each post-mining land use were developed and practices to achieve successful and sustainable land uses were established. Post-mining conditions should provide ecosystem services and produce lands capable of supporting societal needs in the future.
The transition to a high-conductivity branch in some highly disordered compensated solids (glasses)☆

Abstract The semiconductivity of highly disordered (or dope compensated) solids is assumed to be impeded by potential barriers between Coulomb-repulsive centers. At sufficiently high temperatures these barriers become ineffective as the change in the charge of defects, caused by rapid excitation and recombination, allows carriers captured between barriers, to escape while the barrier temporarily disappears.
Methane formation from fructose by syntrophic associations of Acetobacterium woodii and different strains of methanogens.

When Acetobacterium woodii was co-cultured in continuous or in stationary culture with Methanobacterium strain AZ, fructose instead of being converted to 3 mol of acetate was converted to 2 mol of acetate and 1 mol each of carbon dioxide and methane, showing that interspecies hydrogen transfer occurred. In continous culture the organisms formed a close physical association in clumps; the doubling time for each organism was 6h at 33°C. Methane mainly was derived from carbon positions 3 and 4 of the sugar, but other carbons also yielded methane; this was shown to be due to carbon dioxide-acetate exchange reactions by A. woodii in a manner similar to that carried out by Clostridium thermoaceticum. Four other methanogens, Methanobacterium M.o.H. and M.o.H. G, Methanobacterium formicicum, and Methanosarcina barkeri (not acetate-adapted) also produced similar results, when co-cultured with A. woodii.
Structure and stoichiometry of an accessory subunit TRIP8b interaction with hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated channels

Ion channels operate in intact tissues as part of large macromolecular complexes that can include cytoskeletal proteins, scaffolding proteins, signaling molecules, and a litany of other molecules. The proteins that make up these complexes can influence the trafficking, localization, and biophysical properties of the channel. TRIP8b (tetratricopetide repeat-containing Rab8b-interacting protein) is a recently discovered accessory subunit of hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels that contributes to the substantial dendritic localization of HCN channels in many types of neurons. TRIP8b interacts with the carboxyl-terminal region of HCN channels and regulates their cell-surface expression level and cyclic nucleotide dependence. Here we examine the molecular determinants of TRIP8b binding to HCN2 channels. Using a single-molecule fluorescence bleaching method, we found that TRIP8b and HCN2 form an obligate 4:4 complex in intact channels. Fluorescence-detection size-exclusion chromatography and fluorescence anisotropy allowed us to confirm that two different domains in the carboxyl-terminal portion of TRIP8b—the tetratricopepide repeat region and the TRIP8b conserved region—interact with two different regions of the HCN carboxyl-terminal region: the carboxyl-terminal three amino acids (SNL) and the cyclic nucleotide-binding domain, respectively. And finally, using X-ray crystallography, we determined the atomic structure of the tetratricopepide region of TRIP8b in complex with a peptide of the carboxy-terminus of HCN2. Together, these experiments begin to uncover the mechanism for TRIP8b binding and regulation of HCN channels.
Remembering Dame Cicely Saunders

A brief tribute to Dame Cicely Saunders, the founder of the modern hospice movement, is provided. Dame Cicely died on July 14, 2005 at the age of 87.
Effect of prenatal reserpine exposure on development of the postnatal rat heart.

Previous studies have suggested that reserpine treatment may result in altered heart development. In order to more fully investigate this possibility, reserpine was administered s.c. at 0, 0.375, or 0.75 mg/kg/day to pregnant rats on gestation days 12-15. Maternal weight gain, as well as pup weight on postnatal day (PND) 1, was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent manner. Litter size was unaffected, but reserpine-treated dams had more dead pups than did control dams. On PND 1, litters were randomly standardized at ten pups each for analysis on PNDs 5, 8, 15, and 22. Pup body weight and heart weight were reduced in a dose-related manner at all ages measured. The decreased heart weights were probably due to decreases in cell number. Beta-adrenergic receptor concentration was significantly reduced only on PND 5, at the low reserpine dose, and was not considered to be a treatment effect. Prenatal reserpine exposure had no effect on levels of basal cardiac ornithine decarboxylase (ODC), an enzyme associated with growth and development. Cardiac ODC stimulation by insulin and isoproterenol also showed no effects of maternal reserpine treatment. The results suggest that maternal reserpine treatment may lead to adverse effects in the developing offspring.
Vienna and Memory: Anthropology and Experience

Anthropologists have long collected life histories, written biographies, even autobiographies, and interviewed tribal elders about the past; and they have done all this for various purposes and from a number of different points of view. Few, however, have considered the nature of memory, whether theoretically or experientially. In what follows I address memory as it confronted me on a specific occasion, and in its aftermath, that is, in the process of reflecting on the experience as it appears here. Here, memory comes into play in several different senses. There is the historic memory of the past, as embodied at various levels, in the city. And there is the "politics of memory" as it is practiced and manipulated by different agencies, for their owns ends. Life histories and biographies are, for the most part, presented as linear unrolling events. But for the individual, reflecting from the vantage point of the present on events of one's own past, the question arises: How do I bridge the gap? How do I tell (myself and others> a coherent story? This constitutes a challenge, a developmental task. The greater the break, the discontinuity, the more difficult the task, the greater the temptation to mythologize, to invent missing pieces, but in all cases, to see the past as a function of later events. If there is continuityphysical, social, cultural, psychological-the past and its setting are
Some involutory similarities

Matrices A,B over an arbitrary field F, when given to be similar to each other, are shown to be involutorily similar (over F) to each other (i.e.B = CAC-1 for some C = C-1 over F) in the following cases: (1)B= aI − Afor some a e F and (2) B = A-1 . Result (2) for the cases where char F ≠ 2 is essentially a 1966 result of Wonenburger.
Contesting sustainable development in Tierra del Fuego

Abstract Despite wide ranging interpretations of the concept of sustainable development there is growing consensus about the ecological, social, and economic conditions necessary to foster a sustainability transition. In addition to quantitative assessments of sustainability indicators, qualitative process indicators are being identified. For example, active, democratic, and inclusive decision-making are shown to lead to more informed decisions and, presumably, more sustainable use systems. The creation of these conditions, however, often requires bridging lack of mutual trust and scientific uncertainty. And while the ideals of sustainable development suggest that all stakeholders get what they want, without compromise nothing approaching sustainable development is attainable. Obstructing compromise, environmental ideology represents a key remaining hurdle to achieving a middle ground in environment and development debates. In the 1990s, the US-based Trillium Corporation sought to implement a large-scale logging project in Tierra del Fuego, Chile, but was rebuffed by environmentalists who embraced ecotourism as the preferred development option. The case is analyzed in the context of calls to reconsider conceptually nature-society relationships and ideas in sustainability science about which land management systems best match sustainability goals. Findings show that the decision-making process for determining whether or not to implement the logging project was flawed. We explore two implications. First, achieving sustainable development requires a consensus view of nature-society relationships that embraces humanized landscapes. Second, inclusive and effective decision-making about sustainable development necessitates free and open exchange of information, collective learning about regional environment and development, and the identification of compromise positions.
Utility and complications of long-stem humeral components in revision shoulder arthroplasty

Background Currently, there is little information on the benefits and problems associated with long-stem humeral components in shoulder arthroplasty. This study examined the frequency of use, indications, complications, and security of fixation using a long-stem humeral component in revision shoulder arthroplasty. Materials and methods Eighty revision shoulder arthroplasties were monitored clinically for at least 2 years or until repeat revision surgery. The primary indications for use of an intermediate or long stem were proximal bone loss in 40, nonunion in 14, a malpositioned previous stem with bone loss in 10, an acute intraoperative fracture in 7, an acute preoperative periprosthetic fracture in 5, diaphyseal bone loss in 2, and a box-shaped osteotomy to remove a well-fixed stem in 2. Clinical follow-up was an average of 5.9 years, and radiographic follow-up was an average of 4.7 years. Results Intraoperative complications included fracture removing the previous stem in 5, a cortical perforation in 6, and cement extrusion in 7. Late complications included fracture nonunion in 5, deep infection in 2, and component loosening in 1. One component met criteria to be considered radiographically “at risk” for clinical loosening. Conclusions Long-stem humeral components are useful to obtain secure fixation in healthy bone in revision shoulder arthroplasty in patients with proximal bone loss, diaphyseal fracture, or a previously malpositioned stem. Complications are frequent, and caution should be taken to avoid intraoperative fractures, distal cortical perforation, or cement extrusion. These components are at low risk for loosening.
Analyses of transient chaotic time series

~Received 18 December 2000; revised manuscript received 7 June 2001; published 17 October 2001! We address the calculation of correlation dimension, the estimation of Lyapunov exponents, and the detection of unstable periodic orbits, from transient chaotic time series. Theoretical arguments and numerical experiments show that the Grassberger-Procaccia algorithm can be used to estimate the dimension of an underlying chaotic saddle from an ensemble of chaotic transients. We also demonstrate that Lyapunov exponents can be estimated by computing the rates of separation of neighboring phase-space states constructed from each transient time series in an ensemble. Numerical experiments utilizing the statistics of recurrence times demonstrate that unstable periodic orbits of low periods can be extracted even when noise is present. In addition, we test the scaling law for the probability of finding periodic orbits. The scaling law implies that unstable periodic orbits of high period are unlikely to be detected from transient chaotic time series.
Medical marihuana in a time of prohibition

Abstract As the medical virtues of cannabis become increasingly clear, the question of how to make it available to patients becomes increasingly urgent. Conventional routes to medical legitimacy—the process by which pharmaceutical companies satisfy government requirements for a new medicine—are inappropriate because of the unique history and properties of this substance. Its full medical potential cannot be realized as long as present prohibition laws are enforced. For medical as well as other reasons, cannabis should be available to the public under restrictions similar to those governing alcohol. Although early changes in the law are unfortunately unlikely, increasing public understanding of the medical usefulness of cannabis may lead to changes in enforcement patterns that bring the 60 year reign of prohibition to a de facto conclusion.
3-D imaging systems and high-speed processing for robot control

Bin picking by a robot in real time requires the performance of a series of tasks that are beyond the capabilities of commercially available state-of-the-art robotic systems. In this paper, a laser-ranging sensor for real-time robot control is described. This sensor is incorporated into a robot system that has been applied to the bin-picking or random-parts problem. This system contains new technological components that have been developed recently at the Environmental Research Institute of Michigan (ERIM). These components (the 3-D imaging scanner and a recirculating cellular-array pipeline processor) make generalized real-time robot vision a practical and viable technology. This paper describes these components and their implementation in a typical real-time robot vision system application.
Flow Modulation Algorithms for Continuous Flow Left Ventricular Assist Devices to Increase Vascular Pulsatility: A Computer Simulation Study

Continuous flow (CF) left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) support diminishes vascular pressure pulsatility. Despite its recent clinical success CF LVAD support has been associated with a higher incidence of gastrointestinal bleeding, aortic valve dysfunction and hemorrhagic strokes. To overcome this limitation, we are developing algorithms to provide vascular pulsatility using a CF LVAD. The effects of timing and synchronizing the CF LVAD flow modulation to the native myocardium, modulation amplitude, and modulation widths were studied on the native ventricle and vasculature using a computer simulation model of the circulatory system simulating heart failure. A total of over 150 combinations of varying pulse widths, beat frequencies, time shifts, and amplitudes to modulate CF LVAD flow were tested. All control algorithms maintained a mean CF LVAD flow of 5.0 ± 0.1 L/min (full support) or 2.5 ± 0.1 L/min (partial support). These algorithms resulted in an increased arterial pressure pulsatility of up to 59 mmHg, reduced left ventricular external work (LVEW) by 10–75%, and increased myocardial perfusion by up to 44% from baseline heart failure condition. Importantly, reduction in LVEW and increase in pulsatility may be adjusted to user-defined values while maintaining the same average CF LVAD flow rate. These methods of CF LVAD flow modulation may enable tailored unloading of the native ventricle to provide rest and rehabilitation (maximal unloading to rest followed by gradual reloading to wean), which may promote sustainable myocardial recovery. Further, these LVAD flow modulation patterns may reduce the incidence of adverse events associated with the CF LVAD therapy by increasing vascular pulsatility.
Complexing effects in the solvent extraction of thallium(I) 2-mercaptobenzothiazole

Abstract Studies of the extraction of thallum(l) from aqueous solution in the absence and presence of aqueous complexing agents into chloroform containing 2-mercaptobenzothiazole are described. Fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, thiocyanair, cyanide, and sulfate were employed as aqueous complexing agents. A number of the participating species were identified and association constants are estimated.
Early Responses of Fishes and Crustaceans to Restoration of a Tidally Restricted New England Salt Marsh

Nekton (fishes and decapod crustaceans) is an abundant and productive faunal component of salt marshes, yet nekton responses to tidal manipulations of New England salt marshes remain unclear. This study examined nekton use of a tidally restricted salt marsh in Narragansett, Rhode Island relative to an unrestricted marsh during summer. In addition, a before-after-control-impact design was used to examine early responses of nekton to the reintroduction of natural tidal flushing. Species richness and densities of Cyprinodon variegatus, Lucania parva, Menidia beryllina, and Palaemonetes pugio were higher in the restricted marsh compared with the unrestricted marsh. The unrestricted marsh supported higher densities of Menidia menidia and Fundulus majalis. Mean lengths of Carcinus maenas and P. pugio were greater in the restricted marsh. Tidal restoration resulted in increased tidal flushing, salinity, and water depth in the restricted marsh. Densities of Fundulus heteroclitus, F. majalis, and Callinectes sapidus were higher after 2 years of restoration. Density of L. parva decreased after restoration, probably in response to a loss of macroalgal habitat. Species richness also decreased after 2 years, from 20.9 species when the marsh was restricted to 13.0 species. Total nekton density did not change with restoration, but shifts in community composition were evident. In this study restoration induced rapid changes in the composition, density, size, and distribution of nekton species, but additional monitoring is necessary to quantify longer-term effects of salt marsh restoration on nekton.
A Peek into Tropomyosin Unfolding on the Actin Filament

Tropomyosin (TM) is a coiled-coil along its length with subtle variations in structure that allow interactions with actin and other proteins. Actin binding globally stabilizes tropomyosin. Here we ask, “Does TM unfold in the presence of F-actin as a single unit or in multiple blocks?” We hypothesize that functional binding sites unfold prior to or during dissociation from actin, preceding chain separation. We refer to the seven periodic repeats (Phillips, 1986) as P1-P7. We monitored local unfolding and chain dissociation by fluorescence of pyrenylated TM (Ishii & Lehrer, 1980). We combined fluorescence with light scattering and DSC (Levitsky et al., 2000) to monitor TM unfolding and dissociation from F-actin. We investigated the relationship of specific regions of the molecule to unfolding and dissociation of the entire molecule from F-actin by pyrenylation of Cys190 (in P5), and in TMs engineered to have a single Cys analogous to that of Cys190 in P2 and P3 (“controls”). We previously reported that the destabilizing Ala cluster in P5 is required for its participation as a “strong” binding site (Singh and Hitchcock-DeGregori, 2006). An Ala cluster was introduced in P2 or P3 to mimic P5. Analysis of the “controls” and mutants showed (1) binding to actin stabilizes all TM variants reflected by the Tm of excimer formation, and (2) that locally destabilized regions in P2, P3, and P5 unfold prior to or during dissociation from F-actin. Initial unfolding of the P2 and P3 regions is distinct, but overlaps at higher temperatures indicating the unfolding of these regions does not occur in a single block but in multiple overlapping blocks. This, and previous work, suggests that regions of TM involved in binding actin have a poorly packed interface and are locally stabilized upon binding. Supported by NIH.
Markov models of occupational mobility: Theoretical development and empirical support. Part 1: Careers†

This paper, consisting of two parts, presents an analysis of the current state of Markov model , building for intragenerational occupational mobility. Part One examines theories of careers and Part Two theories of continuously operative job systems. Stress is given to the empirical support of the models and to the cumulative development of theory. Among the paper's findings are that several models proposed to span both occupational and geographical mobility have used only migration data; that analytic development is more cumulative for career models; and that there exists a basic divergence of findings from tests of models of careers and continuously operative job systems. In Part One we focus on individual behavior or subaggregates (cohorts).
Novel agents in development for the treatment of melanoma

In 2005, melanoma is estimated to affect 55,000 Americans. Of these, 7700 are estimated to die from the disease. Immunological approaches have yielded the only newly FDA-approved agents for melanoma in 30 years, which includes high-dose bolus IL-2, based on durable responses in some patients with metastatic melanoma. A survival advantage was shown in two of three randomised clinical trials with high-dose IFN-α2b in the high-risk adjuvant setting. However, both agents are associated with high cost and toxicity rates. A number of novel therapeutic agents are undergoing active clinical investigation. The more promising of these will be discussed in this review, including bcl-2 antisense therapy, v-raf murine sarcoma viral oncogene homologue B1 inhibition, heat-shock proteins, anti-αvβ3 integrin monoclonal antibody, thalidomide and newer immunomodulatory drugs, and anti-cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated protein-4 monoclonal antibody.
Educating patients about radioimmuno-therapy with yttrium 90 ibritumomab tiuxetan (Zevalin)

Abstract Objectives To present the relevant information for the education of patients with B-cell non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) who are about to undergo radioimmunotherapy (RIT) with yttrium 90 ( 90 Y) ibritumomab tiuxetan. Data sources Published clinical trials of 90 Y ibritumomab tiuxetan and secondary literature on radioimmunotherapy and NHL. Conclusion RIT is an emerging therapeutic option for patients with B-cell NHL and promises to become more prevalent in clinical use. Patients need to understand the rationale for and schedule of treatments with this regimen and the necessary ongoing laboratory tests for monitoring myelosuppression, as well as possible adverse events that might occur after treatment. Implications for nursing practice Nursing professionals should be aware of the logistics of the ibritumomab tiuxetan regimen and with the data associated with it to educate patients and facilitate patient understanding and expectations.
Antarctica: A Keystone in a Changing World: 10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences; Santa Barbara, California, 26 August to 1 September 2007

The 10th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences was convened at the University of California, Santa Barbara, where 350 researchers presented talks and posters on topics including climate change, biotic evolution, magmatic processes, surface processes, tectonics, geodynamics, and the cryosphere. The symposium resulted in 335 peer-reviewed papers, 225 of which are published online (http://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2007/1047/). A proceedings book will also be published by the National Academies Press. Advances in our understanding of Antarctic tectonics were many, often involving techniques that provide information under ice sheets or from proxies such as glacial till to provide clues on provenance. John Goodge (University of Minnesota-Duluth) and coworkers reported a 1440-million-year-old granite boulder from glacial till from the Nimrod Glacier that can be matched to North American Laurentian province granites, supporting the postulated (Southwest U.S.—East Antarctica (SWEAT) hypothesis) fit of East Antarctica and North America more than 1 billion years ago. Considerable debate concerned the formation of the Transantarctic Mountains and the role of plateau collapse.
A note on determining optimum shape parameter for gamma distribution based on the number of system shocks

Abstract The method for obtaining a sample from a gamma distribution is a very difficult task, and as such has not been standardized. One of the many problems associated with this is the determination of the shape parameter. In this short note, a heuristic approximation is used to derive the value of gamma shape parameter for a general case (integer or real).
An innovative procedure for establishing lifing criteria for turbine disk bores under multiaxial states of stress

An innovative procedure is presented here for determining the minimum low cycle fatigue (LCF) life of turbine disk bores under multiaxial states of stress. The procedure statistically combines multiaxial data from spin pit tests with the data from uniaxial LCF tests. The connecting link between the two data sets is a new probability density function which can be derived from the uniaxial data and subsequently applied to the probability of failure calculated for a set of mini disks. The overall objective was to establish which of the criteria, principal stress-based versus effective stress-based, is valid for life estimation of the turbine disk bores made of DP-718. The minidisks, designed to simulate the same biaxial stress ratio as in an actual turbine disk bore, were tested at 589 K by cycling between 5000 and 52,000 rpm in a spin pit. The testing was interrupted to check for fatigue crack initiation in the bore by means of a proprietary vibration monitor. Only one of the disks showed a valid crack initiation. The initiation life is defined as the number of cycles required to initiate a crack of 381 μm (0.015 in.) depth, and was derived experimentally through subsequent striation counting. The approach established principal stress range with its associated stress ratio as the proper lifing parameter for DP-718 mini disks. Fractographic observations of similarity in the crack initiation modes observed for the alloy support the methodology.
Does the Eysenck psychoticism scale predict psychosis? A ten year longitudinal study

534 college students were selected by their scores on several scales of psychosis proneness, were interviewed, and were given the Eysenck and Eysenck (1975) Psychoticism Scale (P-Scale). After 10 yr, 508 subjects were reinterviewed. Subjects identified by initial deviantly high scores on the P-Scale (N = 26) did not differ from control subjects (N = 310) on the rate of subjects who developed psychotic disorders or in reports of psychotic relatives. However, High P subjects exceeded controls on ratings of psychoticlike experiences and on symptoms of schizotypal and paranoid personality disorder. The findings indicate that high scorers on the P-Scale are psychoticlike but are not at heightened risk for psychosis.
Fast Hypergraph Partition

We present a new O(n/sup 2/) heuristic for hypergraph min-cut bipartitioning, an important problem in circuit placement. Fastest previous methods for this problem are O(n/sup 2/ log n). Our approach is based on the intersection graph G dual to the input hypergraph. Paths in G are used to construct partial bipartitions which can be completed optimally. The method is provably good and, in particular, obtains optimum results for "difficult" inputs, i.e., hypergraphs with smaller than expected minimum cutsize. Computational results for a wide range of inputs are also discussed.