cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and cationic photopolymerization of epoxy‐functional siloxane monomers and oligomers

A series of difunctional silicon-containing monomers were prepared with a novel method consisting of the monohydrosilation of an α,ω-difunctional SiH-terminated siloxane with a vinyl-functional epoxide or oxetane followed by the dehydrodimerization of the resulting SiH-functional intermediate. This method used simple, readily available starting materials and could be conducted as a streamlined one-pot, two-step synthesis. This novel method was also applied to the synthesis of several epoxy–silicone oligomers. The reactivities of these new monomers and oligomers were examined with Fourier transform real-time infrared spectroscopy and optical pyrometry. Those monomers containing epoxycyclohexyl groups displayed excellent reactivity in cationic ring-opening polymerization in the presence of lipophilic onium salt photoinitiators. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part A: Polym Chem 41: 3056–3073, 2003
A highly segmented lead-glass hodoscope for detection of multiple photon final states

Abstract Construction details and calibration techniques used in the implementation of a large lead-glass hodoscope are described. The algorithms used to determine the position and energy of the incident photons as well as the energy and position resolution are discussed.
An academic challenge for the year 2000: perfect the memex

Abstract The evolution of the Internet is increasing at an ever-increasing rate. The rate of incorporation of Internet-based resources into university courses, however, does not seem to be keeping pace. In large part this seems to be a function of the mindset of university faculty rather than a technological shortcoming. For the past few years faculty have used the Internet to learn how their colleagues are adopting this new medium into their courses. Password-protected course pages will restrict that learning process if university administration and publishers exercise ownership of the intellectual property produced by faculty. A team approach is needed with instructors providing the content and graphic designers, programmers, and cognitive experts adding their skills to produce the final product. This team should be involved from conception through assessment of the results. Focusing on the development of an entire course may not be a wise investment of time and money for a faculty member. It may make more sense to focus on the development of small segments, units or modules or analytical tools that can be incorporated into a variety of courses at other institutions. If such units can be evaluated as good practices, and if an efficient distribution mechanism can be devised, the benefits should increase exponentially as new resources are contributed.
A newly recognized occupational hazard for US electronic recycling facility workers: polybrominated diphenyl ethers.

AbstractObjective:To describe a newly recognized US occupational health hazard, polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardant exposure, to US workers at electronics recycling facilities to communicate this information to occupational medicine physicians and related health workers.Methods:Usin
Optics in the exciton absorption region

Abstract A new self-consistent treatment of optics in the exciton absorption region is presented in the manner of the rigorous classical theory of dispersion.
Lysine peroxycarbamates: free radical-promoted peptide cleavage.

Strategies are reported that combine in one step a predictable chemical-based protein digestion with mass spectrometry. Lysine residue amino groups in peptides and proteins are modified by reaction with a peroxycarbonate derived from p-nitrophenol, and tert-butyl hydroperoxide. The peroxycarbonate reacts with lysine residues in peptides and proteins, and the resulting lysine peroxycarbamates undergo homolytic fragmentation under conditions of low-energy collision-induced dissociation (CID). Observed fragmentation of the peptides involves apparent free radical processes including Hofmann−Loffler-type rearrangements that lead to peptide chain fragmentation. Strategies for directed cleavage of peptides by free radical promoted processes are feasible, and such strategies may well simplify schemes for protein analysis.
Restenosis: The Clinical Problem

Since its introduction(1) in 1977, percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA) has become accepted as a safe and effective alternative to medical therapy for the treatment of limited coronary artery disease(2), as well as an alternative to coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) for the treatment of more extensive coronary atherosclerosis(3, 4). The success of PTCA as a method of coronary revascularization has contributed to its explosive growth, with approximately 500,000 procedures performed per year in the United States.
DELIGHT.Struct: An optimization-based computer-aided design environment for structural engineering

Abstract This paper describes an expandable software system for optimization-based, interactive computer-aided design of structures. This system can be used for the design of statically and/or dynamically loaded structures which exhibit linear or nonlinear response. The software is the union of (1) an interactive base program for the management of the computeraided design process named DELIGHT, (2) a dynamic nonlinear general purpose structural analysis package named ANSR, (3) a library of optimization algorithms with corresponding interfaces for use in structural design, and (4) specialized software for the design of seismic-resistance planar steel frames. Flexibility has been emphasized in the development of this system so that a wide range of structural design problems may be considered. The user may describe a particular design problem to the system by applying a minimal amount of software or by selecting software from expandable libraries.
Correlation of Neogene Planktonic Foraminifer and Calcareous Nannofossil Zones: ABSTRACT

From the uppermost Miocene (Messinian) to the Holocene six planktonic foraminifer zones have been recognized in tropical and subtropical latitudes. Using overlapping segments from deep-sea cores previously dated by use of planktonic foraminifers, the calcareous nannofossils for this same interval were analyzed in order to relate nannofossil ranges to established foraminiferal zones. With the light microscope nine calcareous nannofossil zones are readily distinguishable for this interval, one for the uppermost Miocene (Messinian), four for the Pliocene, and four for the post-Pliocene. The planktonic foraminifer zones N-18 through N-20 have roughly corresponding nannoplankton zones, although zone N-20 appears to represent a shorter stratigraphic interval than the corresponding nannoplankton zone. Zone N-21 is divisible into two nannofossil zones of about equal duration. The top of zone N-21, which is marked by the first evolutionary occurrence of Globorotalia truncatulinoides, corresponds rather closely to the extinction of discoasters in deep-sea sediments. Above this horizon for additional nannofossil zones can be recognized, based on partial ranges or concurrent ranges of three placolith genera that successively dominate the nannofossil assemblages. End_of_Article - Last_Page 2036------------
The use of aversion-relief procedures in the treatment of a case of voyeurism

The present study describes the successful application of aversion-relief procedures to male voyeurism. Following 12 treatment sessions the client reported a “disinterest” in peeping and a more “satisfying” sexual relationship with his wife. An 8-month follow-up showed treatment effects to be maintained. GSR and EKG were measured continuously during treatment.
Kinetics of inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by spin labeled acetylcholine analogs.

Abstract A series of spin labeled acetylcholine analogs, in which the number of methylene groups between the quatemary nitrogen and the alcohol oxygen ranged between 1–5, have been examined as inhibitors of electric eel acetylcholinesterase. Evidence is presented suggesting that inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by the spin labeled ACh analogs is due to the high affinity of these compounds for the enzyme, inhibition is competitive and reversible. It has been shown that complex formation is of major importance in the reaction between spin labeled ACh analogs and acetylcholinesterase. The acetylation step has been shown to occur by demonstrating that the leaving group is released as the reaction proceeds. Complex formation has been demonstrated by means of kinetic criteria. Kinetic parameters have been measured for the five compounds, and correlations with alkaline hydrolysis are discussed.
Warming of permafrost in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, Alaska

Permafrost borehole temperatures were measured in 1985, 1998, and 2004 on Barter Island near the village of Kaktovik and in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (Arctic NWR) north of the Brooks Range. These measurements indicate that the century-long warming documented for the central and western Arctic has also occurred in the region near Barter Island and in the northern Arctic NWR. At Kaktovik, the warming occurred during the second quarter of the 20th century or earlier and its magnitude exceeded 0.8°C. A more recent warming (since the mid to late 1980s) similar to that in the central and western Arctic is also occurring on Barter Island and in the northern Arctic NWR. Near Kaktovik, the permafrost warmed about 2 to 3°C from 1985 to 2004. In the northern Arctic NWR, on a line extending southward from Tapkaurak Point, it warmed about 1.5 to 2°C from 1985 to 1998. If air temperatures warm 5°C over the next century, as predicted, some of the permafrost in the northern Arctic NWR would be expected to thaw. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Imaging assessment of pars interarticularis injury in young athletes with back pain: current concepts and imaging methods

Injury of the pars interarticularis is a common cause of low back pain, particularly in adolescent athletes. It is a spectrum of disease where repetitive bone stress and micro-trauma create an unstable fracture of the pars interarticularis (spondylolysis) that can ultimately lead to slippage of one vertebral body on another (spondylolisthesis). Radiographs are typically the initial study performed to evaluate patients with low back pain from suspected pars interarticularis injury and may identify structural abnormalities as well as the extent of vertebral body slippage. MRI may be helpful in certain cases since it is sensitive for soft tissue disease and can exclude other causes of back pain such as degenerative disk disease, infection or malignancy, although these are rare in young athletes. Skeletal scintigraphy is helpful in the evaluation of pars interarticularis injury since bone stress is the earliest form of disease and may be present before structural changes have occurred or are detected by anatomic imaging. Furthermore, patients with bone stress who have not yet developed structural abnormalities can receive early intervention with high probability of a good outcome. Skeletal scintigraphy should include planar images as well as single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) of the spine. SPECT of the spine has greater contrast and sensitivity than planar skeletal scintigraphy and provides better anatomic localization of bone stress. Spine CT is helpful for the evaluation of patients with suspected pars interar ticularis injury since it provides high-resolution anatomic detail, confirms the diagnosis, identifies spondylolysis and evaluates the extent of ver tebral body slippage.
The effect of landmark features on mental rotation times.

By varying what we take to be the saliency oflandmarks (which are cues to location and orientation that are unique and visible from a distance), the slopes and intercepts of the time/angle function in the “mental rotation” task were caused to vary accordingly.
Patient age predicts early mortality after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt creation in intermediate risk individuals

Purpose The Model for End Stage Liver Disease (MELD) score is the preeminent metric for stratifying patient risk prior to transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS). While low ( 25) range scores clearly portend favorable (10-15% 90-day mortality) and poor (60-80% 90-day mortality) clinical outcomes, respectively, the fate of patients with intermediate range (18-25) MELD scores, which is associated with a nearly equal probability of survival versus demise (40% 90-day mortality), is less clear-cut. Herein, we aimed to identify prognostic factors for early mortality among patients with intermediate risk MELD scores undergoing TIPS. Materials and Methods In this single institution retrospective study, 47 patients (M:F=31:16, mean age 54 years) with intermediate risk MELD scores ranging from 18-25 underwent TIPS creation between 1999-2012. Medical record review was used to identify demographic (age, gender), liver disease (Child-Pugh, MELD score), and procedure (indication, urgency, stent type, portosystemic gradient or PSG reduction, occurrence of complications) data, and the influence of these parameters on 90-day mortality was assessed using multivariate analysis of variance. Results TIPS were successfully created for variceal hemorrhage (n=24), ascites (n=17), hepatic hydrothorax (n=5), and portal vein thrombosis (n=1). Hemodynamic success was achieved in 94% (44/47), and mean PSG reduction was 13 mm Hg. Patient age was significantly associated with 90-day mortality (P=0.006). Mean ages of living (n=30) versus dead (n=17) patients at this time point were 51 and 60 years. 90-day mortality rates in patients ≤54 years versus ≥55 years were 21% (5/24) and 52% (12/23). There was no significant difference in MELD scores between these age groups (20.6 versus 21.0, P=0.600), and MELD was not a predictive factor on multivariate analysis. Conclusion Age is a significant prognostic factor for early mortality following TIPS among patients with intermediate risk MELD scores between 18-25, and mortality is considerably higher in patients older than 55 years. MELD score does not predict survival in this patient subset. Older age should be contemplated when selecting intermediate risk patients for TIPS.
Evolutionary Transitions in the Fossil Record of Terrestrial Hoofed Mammals

In the past few decades, many new discoveries have provided numerous transitional fossils that show the evolution of hoofed mammals from their primitive ancestors. We can now document the origin of the odd-toed perissodactyls, their early evolution when horses, brontotheres, rhinoceroses, and tapirs can barely be distinguished, and the subsequent evolution and radiation of these groups into distinctive lineages with many different species and interesting evolutionary transformations through time. Similarly, we can document the evolution of the even-toed artiodactyls from their earliest roots and their great radiation into pigs, peccaries, hippos, camels, and ruminants. We can trace the complex family histories in the camels and giraffes, whose earliest ancestors did not have humps or long necks and looked nothing like the modern descendants. Even the Proboscidea and Sirenia show many transitional fossils linking them to ancient ancestors that look nothing like modern elephants or manatees. All these facts show that creationist attacks on the fossil record of horses and other hoofed mammals are completely erroneous and deceptive. Their critiques of the evidence of hoofed mammal evolution are based entirely on reading trade books and quoting them out of context, not on any firsthand knowledge or training in paleontology or looking at the actual fossils.
Color M-mode propagation velocity, but not its ratio to early diastolic inflow velocity, changes throughout gestation in normal human fetuses

Objectives Color M-mode propagation velocity (Vp) is a measure of diastolic function in adults and, when combined with early diastolic inflow velocity (E), the ratio E/Vp reflects ventricular filling pressure. Early detection of diastolic compromise may benefit fetal patients at risk for developing heart failure. The objectives of this study were to measure values for Vp and inflow peak E in a group of normal fetuses, to analyze age-dependent alterations in these measurements, and to evaluate the interobserver and intraobserver variability of the measurements. Methods Thirty-two normal fetuses at between 20 and 35 weeks' gestation underwent echocardiography. Color M-mode Vp was measured from the four-chamber view for the right (RV) and left (LV) ventricles, and mitral and tricuspid inflow velocities were determined by pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound. The values obtained were compared with previously reported findings in adults. Results Adequate tracings were obtainable in 23 patients for the RV and 29 for the LV. Mean Vp values for the RV (15.3 ± 3.2 cm/s) and LV (20.8 ± 5.6 cm/s) were lower than normal adult values, and Vp values were significantly lower for the RV than the LV (P < 0.001). Applying Bazett's heart rate correction, values for RV (23.4 ± 4.8 cm/s) and LV (31.9 ± 8.7 cm/s) remained lower than normal adult values. There was a linear correlation of Vp with gestational age for the RV (R = 0.69, P < 0.001), and the ratio of E/Vp corrected for heart rate for the RV (1.51 ± 0.26) remained constant throughout gestation. Interobserver bias was high but intraobserver bias low, at 19 and 1.1%, respectively. Conclusions Vp is lower in fetal than in adult life. Vp for the RV changes in a manner indicative of improving diastolic function throughout normal gestation, providing insight into the alterations in diastolic function with gestation that contribute to increases in cardiac output. The use of Vp to assess diastolic function disturbance in fetuses is feasible, but high interobserver variability is problematic. Copyright © 2008 ISUOG. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Analysis of low-energy-electron-diffraction intensity spectra for (001), (110), and (111) nickel

Elastic low-energy-electron-diffraction intensity-energy spectra are calculated for Ni (001), (110), and (111) surfaces between 10 and 220 eV by the layer-Korringa-Kohn-Rostoker method and compared with recent room-temperature experimental results. The calculation uses the Wakoh self-consistent muffin-tin potential, retains eight phase shifts, and includes finite temperature effects (assuming a Debye spectrum). An effective Debye temperature of 335\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K is found from the temperature dependence of spectral intensities, an energy-dependent imaginary potential roughly of the form $\ensuremath{\beta}=0.85{E}^{\frac{1}{3}}$ for electron energy $E$ (in eV) is determined by matching features of the calculated spectra to experiment, and the best values of the first interlayer spacing are found to be 1.76 \AA{} (the bulk spacing) +0.02 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.02 \AA{} on the (001) surface, 1.24 - (0.06\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.02) \AA{} on the (110) surface, and 2.03 - (0.025\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.025) \AA{} on the (111) surface. With these parameters, excellent agreement with observed spectra is obtained in positions and shapes of peaks for several beams and a large number of incident angles. For all faces a small systematic deviation in peak positions is found with a constant 11-eV inner potential, suggesting an inner potential varying from the expected static value of 13.5 at low energies to about 9 eV near 220 eV. Comparison of relative intensities between calculation with the above $\ensuremath{\beta}(E)$ and experiment suggests that excitation of $3p$ electrons from Ni significantly enhances electron absorption above 65 eV.
Compliance as dissidence: Young catholics and sexual ethics

Abstract This paper examines the sexual and reproductive attitudes of post-Vatican II Catholics in the United States. This study finds that even though most young Catholics possess liberal attitudes regarding homosexuality, abortion, premarital sex, and the use of contraceptives, about 10 percent of young Catholics accept the official teachings of the Catholic church regarding sexual issues. These young traditionalists represent a nonconformist minority residing within a more permissive religious culture. This article uses classic symbolic interactionist variables to determine how young Catholics differ on matters of sexual ethics. Results suggest that having a strong religious self-concept, a significant other who is traditional, and a religiously active mother in childhood encourages the acceptance of traditional attitudes. A path model is proposed and tested using these variables. Ultimately, a strong religious self-concept shows the greatest correlation with the possession of traditional attitudes amo...
Reconstruction of the elbow: Surgeons' perspective

Great progress has been made in surgery of the elbow during the past decade. Better definition of ligamentous anatomy, recognition of previously undescribed instability patterns, and development of ligament reconstruction techniques have helped improve surgery designed to restore stability of the elbow. Surgical release of elbow contractures helps patients with stiffness gain very satisfactory range of motion. New techniques and advances in prostheses have broadened the indications for total elbow arthroplasty, and cases that were previously considered inoperable can now be treated surgically with excellent outcomes. Elbow surgery enters the new millennium having accomplished much, but problems and challenges remain.
Effects of transglutaminase treatment on functional properties and probiotic culture survivability of goat milk yogurt

The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of enzymatic cross-linking of milk proteins on the functional properties and probiotic culture survivability of goat milk yogurt. After pre-incubation (50 ◦ C, 1 h) of the milk with microbial transglutaminase [MTGase, 0–4 units (U)/g protein] and subsequent heat inactivation (75 ◦ C, 5 min), yogurt was prepared by inoculating the milk with a commercial probiotic yogurt starter containing probiotic cultures (Lactobacillus acidophilus, Bifidobacteria, and Lactobacillus subsp. casei) and incubating the inoculated milk at 43 ◦ C for 5 h. Compared to the untreated control trial, pretreatment of the milk with MTGase (2 and 4 U/g protein) increased (P < 0.05) the viscosity and decreased the syneresis of yogurt samples. The effect of enzyme treatment was more significant in improving the viscosity of yogurt compared to the method of increasing total solids (TS) in the milk. No significant differences in basic nutrient contents between control and enzyme-treated samples were observed. The probiotic cultures were relatively stable in the goat milk yogurt and their populations remained above 10 6 CFU/g during the 8-week storage period at 4 ◦ C. No significant differences in rate of change of population of all the three probiotic cultures were observed between the control and the MTGase treated groups. Microbiological analysis shows that the enzymatic cross-linking of proteins seems to have a positive role in the survivability of the probiotic cultures, which requires further investigation. Scanning electron microscopic studies revealed that the microstructure of the enzyme-treated samples appeared denser than the control, suggesting that pretreatment of milk by MTGase could be used to improve the microstructure of the yogurt gel. Results of this study indicate that enzymatic cross-linking of milk proteins by MTGase appears to be an effective means for improving the functional properties of goat milk yogurt. MTGase treatment may be a useful method in the production of probiotic goat milk yogurt products. © 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Simple, fast, and sensitive isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography method for the quantification of latanoprost

Summary A simple, sensitive, fast, and accurate isocratic high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method with UV detection (205 nm) has been developed and validated for the quantification of latanoprost (in nanogram level) in pure and commercial dosage form. An Agilent Eclipse XDB-C18 column (150 × 4.6 mm i.d., 3.5 μm particle size) was used. Chromatography was performed with a mobile phase containing a mixture of acetonitrile and water (70:30, v/v) containing 0.1% v/v trifluoroacetic acid, adjusted at pH 3.0 at a flow rate of 1 mL min−1. Each analysis required 3.0 min including triamcinolone acetonide as an internal standard. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, specificity, system suitability, and robustness. The calibration curve was linear in the concentration range 0.0125–1 μg mL−1; the correlation coefficient was 0.999. The method proved to be accurate, precise, specific, rapid, and reproducible according to ICH standards. The method showed good recoveries (average 100....
Superconducting phase with fractional vortices in the frustrated kagom é wire network at f = 1 / 2

In classical $\mathrm{XY}$ kagom\'e antiferromagnets, there can be a low-temperature phase where ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{3}{=e}^{i3\ensuremath{\theta}}$ has quasi-long-range order but $\ensuremath{\psi}$ is disordered, as well as more conventional antiferromagnetic phases where $\ensuremath{\psi}$ is ordered in various possible patterns $(\ensuremath{\theta}$ is the angle of orientation of the spin). To investigate when these phases exist in a physical system, we study superconducting kagom\'e wire networks in a transverse magnetic field when the magnetic flux through an elementary triangle is a half of a flux quantum. Within Ginzburg-Landau theory, we calculate the helicity moduli of each phase to estimate the Kosterlitz-Thouless (KT) transition temperatures. Then at the KT temperatures, we estimate the barriers to move vortices and the effects that lift the large degeneracy in the possible $\ensuremath{\psi}$ patterns. The effects we have considered are inductive couplings, nonzero wire width, and the order-by-disorder effect due to thermal fluctuations. The first two effects prefer $q=0$ patterns, while the last one selects a $\sqrt{3}\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}\sqrt{3}$ pattern of supercurrents. Using the parameters of recent experiments, we conclude that at the KT temperature, the nonzero wire width effect dominates, which stabilizes a conventional superconducting phase with a $q=0$ current pattern. However, by adjusting the experimental parameters, for example by bending the wires a little, it appears that the ${\ensuremath{\psi}}^{3}$ superconducting phase can instead be stabilized. The barriers to vortex motion are low enough that the system can equilibrate into this phase.
Bildungsspiele: Vicissitudes of Socialization in Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship

This essay scrutinizes the narrative logic of Goethe’s Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship (1796), widely regarded as the most paradigmatic instance of the European Bildungsroman. Of particular concern is whether the formal and psychological self‐organization of Goethe’s narrative and its protagonist can still be articulated as an entelechy, that is, as a manifestation of a teleological framework whose (ontological) authority is absolute and independent of its fulfilment by a specific narrative. Focusing on the ubiquity of “play” (Spiel) throughout the novel, this essay concludes that, appearances notwithstanding, the Aristotelian/Thomist framework is no longer operative in Goethe’s novel. Rather, Wilhelm Meister’s Apprenticeship – herein differing from Goethe’s botanical writings of the same period – presents us with an emergentist rather than teleological model of narrative rationality, that is, a progression that is neither predictable nor susceptible of repetition.
On Intelligence From First Principles: Guidelines for Inquiry Into the Hypothesis of Physical Intelligence (PI)

Gibson's (1966, 1979/1986) ecological approach to perception, action, and cognition is patently non-representational and non-computational. In the place of these commonly assumed neural endowments, ecological psychology seeks to expose the laws that underlie intelligent capabilities. It is argued that this is the goal for understanding the directed behavior of not just humans, not just animals, and not just the living. We argue that an approach to intelligence that is physically grounded is completely consistent with—and is even a natural consequence of—the central tenets of ecological psychology. We identify two dozen guidelines for seeking intelligence in first principles.
Multicenter experience with metallic ureteral stents for malignant and chronic benign ureteral obstruction.

Abstract Background and Purpose: A new coil-based metallic ureteral stent offers greater radial strength with longer indwelling time compared with plastic stents. This multicenter retrospective study reviews the clinical experience with this stent for malignant or benign chronic ureteral obstruction. Patients and Methods: Patients had stent placement in a retrograde fashion. We analyzed preplacement and postplacement renal imaging to determine degree of hydronephrosis. Stent encrustation was determined by either visual inspection at the time of stent change or plain abdominal radiography. Preoperative and follow-up serum creatinine values were compared for each patient. Results: A total of 76 stents in 59 renal units (40 patients) were successfully placed. Creatinine value follow-up on 54 renal units showed 20 (37%) units to have stable, 15 (28%) improved, and 19 (35%) with worsening values. No stent showed encrustation on plain radiography despite it being seen on two during direct visualization. Three s...
Urban Adolescents and the Political System: Dimensions of Disaffection

Abstract This study is concerned with adolescents' response levels on seven measures of political alienation: powerlessness, discontentment, cynicism, detachment, hopelessness, elitism, and democratic deficiency. Using a random sample of 269 Hartford, Connecticut high school students surveyed in May 1976, political alienation levels are found to be relatively high, with 55 percent of the sample expressing political disaffection. Intercorrelations between the seven political alienation indicators show all measures to be highly associated with one another. Furthermore, two underlying dimensions, one system-oriented and the other individual-oriented, emerge when the seven alienation indicators are factor analyzed. Finally, a multiple regression analysis indicates that demographic-categoric factors have a negligible effect on adolescents' political alienation levels. Three possible political alienation antecedents are discussed in relation to possible means by which the educational system might contend with s...
Counterpulsation Catheter Fracture: An Unexpected Hazard

This paper presents a previously unrecognized hazard associated with intraaortic balloon pumping: fracture of the catheter due to chemical damage by acetone at the time of removal. Common hospital chemicals such as acetone, ether, and Vi-Drape spray may damage the catheter. Contact between these agents and polyurethane intraaortic balloon catheters should be avoided during dressing changes or repreparation of a sterile operative field. Isopropyl alcohol, Betadine, benzoin, and Cidex do not damage the catheter.
Livestock Poisoning With Pyrrolizidine-Alkaloid–Containing Plants (Senecio, Crotalaria, Cynoglossum, Amsinckia, Heliotropium, and Echium spp.)

Livestock Poisoning With Pyrrolizidine-Alkaloid–Containing Plants (Senecio, Crotalaria, Cynoglossum, Amsinckia, Heliotropium, and Echium spp.) DOI:10.2458/azu_rangelands_v31i1_Stegelmeier2
Work in progress - exposing the Cool Stuff in C. S.

We report on the goals, activities, and some early results related to a new course that has been implemented in our Computer Science and Engineering (CSE) department. The course is developed to expose students to curricular and career related options available in our department, and to provide them with hands-on experiences in a broad variety of Computer Science areas. To this end, we have provided Computer Science experiences such as problem solving, group and team work, and multiple interactions with the hardware and software components of computers and other technologies. In addition, we have had Professors bring their leading-edge research to the class to show incoming students the exciting activities they could pursue as juniors and seniors, and in their future careers. The course also accepts non-CS students who are exposed to this same ldquoCool Stuffrdquo with the result that some of them decide to change their major, while all of them come away with a better understanding of what Computer Science really is. Finally, virtually every class activity incorporates some cognitive or metacognitive component that supports student thinking with the intention that they have exercised their higher-level thinking skills by the time they step up to future coursework.
Evidence that the TIM Light Response Is Relevant to Light-Induced Phase Shifts in Drosophila melanogaster

Light is a major environmental signal for the entrainment of circadian rhythms. In Drosophila melanogaster, recent experiments suggest that photic information is transduced to the clock through the timeless gene product, TIM. We provide genetic and spectral evidence supporting the relevance of TIM light responses to clock resetting. A missense mutant TIM, TIM-SL, exhibits greater sensitivity to light in both TIM protein disappearance and locomotor activity phase shifting assays. We show that the wavelength dependence of light-induced decreases in TIM levels and that of light-mediated phase shifting are virtually identical. Analysis of dose response of TIM disappearance in a variety of mutant genotypes suggests cell-autonomous light responses that are largely independent of the canonical visual transduction pathway.
Special issues in plastic and reconstructive surgery

Intensivists frequently collaborate with plastic and reconstructive surgeons in treating patients with major wounds, following significant reconstructive procedures, and following free-tissue transfers. Pressure ulcers are a significant source of morbidity and mortality in the intensive care unit; prevention, early recognition, and multidisciplinary treatment are critical components for successful management. Necrotizing fasciitis is an aggressive, soft-tissue infection that requires rapid diagnosis, early surgical intervention frequent operative debridements, and soft-tissue reconstruction Catastrophic abdominal injuries and infections can be treated with an open abdominal approach and require the expertise of a plastic surgeon to reconstruct the abdominal wall. The success of free-tissue transfers and complex reconstructive procedures requires a thorough understanding of the factors that improve flap survival.
Cochrane Systematic Reviews for the Mental Health Field: Is the Gold Standard Tarnished?

ObjectiveThis study assessed the appropriateness of the Cochrane review system for providing guidance to the mental health field regarding evidence-based practice.MethodsExcluding entries for substance misuse and dementia, all entries from the three mental health review groups in the 2005–March 2012 Cochrane database were included (N=552). Entries were coded for review group, type (protocol versus review), design (randomized controlled trials or not), datedness, percentage of studies excluded, eventual withdrawal, and nature of the review’s conclusions.ResultsA majority (N=322, 58%) of entries focused on psychotic, mood, and anxiety disorders. The average Cochrane review was last considered up to date in 2006. The reviews excluded over twice as many studies as they included, and inclusion of “gray literature” was infrequent. A total of 159 (44%) reviews reported that there was insufficient evidence to form a conclusion. A finding of insufficient evidence to form a conclusion was not related to the entry’s...
"Gender, Gender Role and Crossover: How Partners in Dual-Career Couples React to Work-Family Conflict"

Given that families have increasingly involved two wage earners (i.e., dual career couples), it is important for work-family research to account for the fact that the work-family interface often in...
Current measurement methods for the smart grid

Fundamentally, the measurement of current in a power system means the obtaining of a representation of that current at a distant location. The application determines the requirements on the measurement. Will an rms value suitable for a once-per-second SCADA scan be adequate, or does the “representation” have to be an accurate copy up to (say) 100 kHz. If so, how accurate does the measurement have to be? The Smart Grid of the future will doubtless bring additional requirements to the subject of current measurement. For example, since the IEEE standard on interconnecting distributed resources (IEEE Std 1547) requires that no more than 0.5% of the rated current be injected as dc, it seems likely that at least some current measurement systems will require a frequency response extending down to dc. This paper examines the requirements on the measurement imposed by some of the future smart grid functions, and discusses possible solutions.
The Hippo signaling pathway restricts the oncogenic potential of an intestinal regeneration program

Although a developmental role for Hippo signaling in organ size control is well appreciated, how this pathway functions in tissue regeneration is largely unknown. Here we address this issue using a dextran sodium sulfate (DSS)-induced colonic regeneration model. We find that regenerating crypts express elevated Yes-associated protein (YAP) levels. Inactivation of YAP causes no obvious intestinal defects under normal homeostasis, but severely impairs DSS-induced intestinal regeneration. Conversely, hyperactivation of YAP results in widespread early-onset polyp formation following DSS treatment. Thus, the YAP oncoprotein must be exquisitely controlled in tissue regeneration to allow compensatory proliferation and prevent the intrinsic oncogenic potential of a tissue regeneration program.
ORTHOPEDIC MANAGEMENT OF SEPTIC ARTHRITIS

Pyogenic arthritis results from bacterial invasion into the joint space. 6,9,11,23,25 Organisms may enter the joint through several mechanisms, including direct inoculation from a penetrating wound, surgical incision, or intra-articular injection; direct extension from contiguous osteomyelitis; spread from a contiguous soft-tissue infection from local cellulitis, abscess, septic bursitis or tenosynovitis; or hematogenous spread from a distant source. 6,9,11,24 Once bacteria have entered a joint space, a complex interplay between the host and infecting organism begins. The fate of the joint is dependent on the host's ability to resist invasion and the virulence of the infecting organism. In general, any debilitating diseases or defects in the immune system render the host more susceptible to septic arthritis. These factors include systemic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, diabetes mellitus, alcoholism and malnutrition. 3,6,9,11 Additionally, hypogammaglobulinemia, cancer, and chemotherapy all affect the white blood cell's ability to defend against infection. 6,9,11 In addition to systemic predisposition to septic arthritis, local factors, such as a prior history of arthritis and previous joint trauma, increase the risk for pyogenic arthritis in the same joint. 6,8,9,11 Septic arthritis following joint arthroplasty is not uncommon. Extensive dissection, increased operative time, and methylmethacrylate, the cement used to secure prostheses, have all been shown to be important factors in the development of postoperative acute septic arthritis. 2 Methylmethacrylate adversely affects polymorphonuclear leukocyte (PMN) chemotaxis and phagocytosis. 6,20
Hydrolysis and Dehydration Reactions of Exchangeable Cu2+ on Hectorite1

Electron spin resonance (ESR) analysis of Cu2+-hectorite suspensions provides evidence for the surface-induced hydrolysis of Cu(H2O)62+ at low pH and surface-inhibited hydrolysis (or precipitation) at high pH. Dehydration of the hectorite by heating to 110°C appears to promote hydrolysis in high pH clays further. Heating to even higher temperatures removes ligand water from Cu2+, allowing the metal ion to coordinate with silicate oxygen atoms. The planar Cu(H2O)42+ ion predominates in the interlamellar regions of hectorite that has been air dried or heated to temperatures of 110°C or lower, but more extreme thermal treatment changes the apparent orientation of the Cu2+-ligand axes as some or all of the four water ligands are removed, A loss in ESR signal intensity upon heating Cu2+-hectorite above 110°C is evidence for lowered symmetry of the dehydrated, surface-coordinated Cu2+ ion.
LABATCH.2: software for statistical analysis of simulation sample path data

LABATCH.2 is a collection of computer programs available in C, FORTRAN, and SIMSCRIPT II.5. It performs statistical analyses on sample sequences collected on strictly stationary stochastic processes. Designed to make its implementation easy for potential users, it may be invoked in-line or from a stored data file. For each sample sequence of length t, LABATCH.2 takes O(t) computing time and O(log/sub 2/t) space. For each series, LABATCH.2 provides an asymptotically valid confidence interval, based on the batch means method, for assessing how well its sample average approximates its true unknown mean. It also produces interim estimates of the variance of the sample average that enable a user to detect systematic error in the latest variance estimate, due to correlation between batches. It also allows a user to assess the extent to which the sample average is free of initial conditions. LABATCH.2 has an interactive option that displays interim results on screen. Based on these quantities, a user may instruct LABATCH.2 to continue execution until the next update or to terminate statistical analysis and write the final results to a file.
Systematic Studies on Diplocentrus keyserlingii and Related Species from Central Oaxaca, Mexico (Scorpiones, Diplocentridae)

The systematic status of several species of Diplocentrus is revised, based on the examination of type specimens and other material of D. keyserlingii KARSCH, D. rectimanus POCOCK, D. reticulatus FRANCKE, D. hoffmanni FRANCKE, and D. moritzi STAHNKE. Previously utilized taxonomic characters (general morphology, meristics, and morphometrics) separating these species are reviewed and new characters based on the male hemispermatophore discussed. Evaluation of the characters provide evidence to recognize only three species in this group. The following synomymies are proposed: D. keyserlingii KARSCH, 1880 = D. reticulatus FRANCKE, 1977 and D. rectimanus POCOCK, 1898 = D. moritzi STAHNKE, 1981. In addition, the female of D. keyserlingii is described for the first time, the status of HOFFMANN's D. keyserlingii keyserlingii is discussed and, D. keyserlingii zacatecanus HOFFMANN is elevated to species status.
Genetic interactions between the 5' and 3' splice site consensus sequences and U6 snRNA during the second catalytic step of pre-mRNA splicing

The YAG/ consensus sequence at the 3' end of introns (the slash indicates the location of the 3' splice site) is essential for catalysis of the second step of pre-mRNA splicing. Little is known about the interactions formed by these three nucleotides in the spliceosome. Although previous observations have suggested that the G of the YAG/ interacts with the first nucleotide of the /GUA consensus sequence at the 5' end of the intron, additional interactions have not been identified. Here we report several striking genetic interactions between A+3 of the 5' /GUA with Y-3 of the 3' YAG/ and G50 of the highly conserved ACAGAG motif in U6 snRNA. Two mutations in U6 G50 of the ACAGAG can weakly suppress two mutations in A+3 of the 5' /GUA. This suppression is significantly enhanced upon the inclusion of a specific mutation Y-3 in the 3' YAG/. RNA analysis confirmed that the severe splicing defect observed in A+3 and Y-3 double mutants can be rescued to near wild-type levels by the mutations in U6 G50. The contributions of each mutation to the genetic interaction and the strong position specificity of suppression, combined with previous findings, support a model in which the 5' /GUA and the GAG of U6 function in binding the 3' YAG/ during the second catalytic step.
Endothelium-Derived Constricting Factor in Renovascular Hypertension

We have reported that in two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats, renal perfusion is maintained by a balance between the vasodilator endothelium-derived nitric oxide and the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Others have suggested that endothelium-derived constricting factor, reported to be thromboxane A2 and/or endoperoxide, contributes to increased blood pressure in angiotensin II-dependent hypertension. We hypothesized that in angiotensin II-dependent two-kidney, one clip hypertension, endothelium-derived constricting factor contributes to vasoconstriction of the clipped kidney following nitric oxide synthesis inhibition. Using radioactive microspheres, we studied renal blood flow to the stenotic kidney of two-kidney, one clip hypertensive rats 4 weeks after clipping. The influence of nitric oxide on systemic and renal hemodynamics was evaluated by determining the response to nitric oxide synthesis inhibition using 10 mg/kg N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester in these rats, which were either not treated (n = 8) or treated (n = 8) with 4 mg/kg of the constricting factor receptor antagonist BMS 180,291. Mean basal blood pressure in rats was 167 +/- 9 mm Hg (mean +/- SEM). N omega-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester increased blood pressure by 35 +/- 7 mm Hg (P < .001). In the clipped kidney, N omega-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester decreased renal blood flow by 40% (from 4.5 +/- 0.9 to 2.7 +/- 0.6 mL.min-1.g kidney-1; P < .01) and increased renal vascular resistance by 100% (from 51.9 +/- 9.6 to 105.0 +/- 19.2 mm Hg.mL-1.min-1.g kidney-1; P < .005).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Long-Term Behavior of Cloud Systems in TOGA COARE and Their Interactions with Radiative and Surface Processes. Part II: Effects of Ice Microphysics on Cloud–Radiation Interaction

Abstract A two-dimensional cloud-resolving model with a large domain is integrated for 39 days during the Tropical Ocean Global Atmosphere Coupled Ocean–Atmosphere Response Experiment (TOGA COARE) to study the effects of ice phase processes on cloud properties and cloud radiative properties. The ice microphysical parameterization scheme is modified based on microphysical measurements from the Central Equatorial Pacific Experiment. A nonlocal boundary layer diffusion scheme is included to improve the simulation of the surface heat fluxes. The modified ice scheme produces fewer ice clouds during the 39-day simulation. The cloud radiative properties show significant improvement and compare well with various observations. Both the 39-day mean value (202 W m−2) and month-long evolution of outgoing longwave radiative flux from the model are comparable with satellite observations. The 39-day mean surface shortwave cloud forcing is −110 W m−2, consistent with other estimates obtained for TOGA COARE. The 39-day me...