cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Solvent-vapor annealing-induced growth, alignment, and patterning of π-conjugated supramolecular nanowires

The self-assembling properties of two rationally designed discotic π-conjugated hexaazatrinaphthylene (HATNA) molecules have been studied. In appropriate solvent systems, both ester-dodecyl-substituted and amide-dodecyl-substituted HATNAs self-assembled into nanowires and formed organogels. These nanowires could be easily transferred onto solid supports through spin casting for morphological study. In addition to the solution-based self-assembly method, solvent-vapor annealing (SVA) was explored as an alternative way to control the organization of supramolecular nanowires on surfaces. It was found that amorphous thin film of HATNA molecules transformed gradually into nanowire structures through a nucleation and growth mechanism during the SVA process. Several parameters including the preordering of molecules in the original thin film, choice of solvent vapors, annealing times, and surface properties were tuned to create different supramolecular organizations. Under particular conditions, aligned nanowires with preferential direction can be achieved.
On the influence of surface temperature on adsorption and desorption in the D2/Cu(111) system

Abstract We have used the principle of detailed balance to relate measurements on the adsorption of D 2 on Cu(111) to the desorption dynamics of this system. Calculations of desorption characteristics based on the dependence of the adsorption probability on incidence energy and angle measured at a surface temperature of 120 K are not in perfect agreement with observations. In fact, we find that desorption measurements made over a range of surface temperatures cannot be adequately accounted for by any single function of the sticking probability on the incidence energy and angle. Rather, it is found necessary to allow this function to vary slightly with surface temperature. The resulting temperature dependent sticking function is consistent with the angular distributions of D 2 desorbing from Cu(111) at 370, 600 and 800 K, with adsorption measurements made at 120 K, and with the dependence of the mean kinetic energy on desorption angle at 1000 K. We show that the deduced temperature dependence of the adsorption probability can be partially accounted for by allowing for the effect on the collision energy of the Boltzmann distribution of surface atom motions.
Compression of γ-ray photons into ultrashort pulses

We propose a technique of ultra-short $\ensuremath{\gamma}$-ray pulses production with a pulse duration much less than the natural lifetime of a nucleus excited state. The technique is based on compression of frequency modulated radiation of a Mossbauer source while propagating in a far-detuned resonant absorber. Numerical estimates for ${}^{57}\mathrm{Fe}$ 14.413 keV nuclear resonance energy show feasibility of experimental realization of the technique
Convergence of nonconforming multigrid methods without full elliptic regularity

We consider nonconforming multigrid methods for symmetric positive definite second and fourth order elliptic boundary value problems which do not have full elliptic regularity. We prove that there is a bound (< 1) for the contraction number of the W-cycle algorithm which is independent of mesh level, provided that the number of smoothing steps is sufficiently large. We also show that the symmetric variable V-cycle algorithm is an optimal preconditioner.
Transverse shear effects on the axisymmetric pulse buckling of cylindrical shells

The axisymmetric buckling of isotropic cylindrical shells under axial compressive pulse is studied. The transverse shear and rotary inertia terms are included in the analysis and their effects are investigated for various pulse frequencies. The results for realistic shell sizes indicate that the transverse shear effects are not very important, but the contribution of the rotary inertia may be significant. Hence, the classical shell theory is practically adequate for relatively low and moderate moderate pulse frequencies, but rotational inertia terms may not be neglected for short duration loads.
Left ventricular response to exercise in regular runners and controls: A radionuclide evaluation

Radionuclide angiography was performed during upright exercise to compare left ventricular function in nine regular runners to nine age-matched, healthy controls. Heart rate, blood pressure, left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), end diastolic volume index (EDVI), end systolic volume index (ESVI), and stroke volume index (SVI) were measured at rest and at 40%, 60%, 80%, and 100% of maximum work capacity (mean maximal workload [KPM +/- SD] was 1,773 +/- 157 in runners and 1,260 +/- 324 in controls). The resting data of runners and controls were similar. There were no significant differences in heart rate, systolic blood pressure, and LVEF between runners and controls during exercise. SVI and EDVI were higher in runners during exercise (P less than 0.05). ESVI was lower in controls at a 60% level of exercise (P less than 0.05). The data indicate that an early and sustained increase in the diastolic volume of the left ventricle is important for enhanced cardiac performance of regular runners during exercise.
The use of time-resolved scanning tunneling microscopy for the determination of microscopic reaction rates

Utilisation de la microscopie electronique a balayage pour evaluer la vitesse de la reaction a la surface d'une electrode lors de la dissolution ou du depot de cuivre
Is the cost of capital lower in japan

J. Japan. Int. Econ. , March 1991, 5(1), pp. 86–100. Industrial Engineering and Engineering Management, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305.
Effect of Sulfapyridine, Sulfathiazole and Sulfamethylthiazole upon Severe Staphylococcal Infection in Mice.

Summary and ConclusionsSulfathiazole and sulfamethylthiazole, administered as 1% of the diet showed a distinct and equal therapeutic value in prolonging the lives of mice heavily infected with Staphylococcus aureus. Sulfathiazole proved to be somewhat more efficient in this respect than sulfapyridine.We are indebted to E. R. Squibb and Sons and the Calco Chemical Division of the American Cyanamid Company for the sulfathiazole used in these experiments, and to the Department of Medical Research of the Winthrop Chemical Company for the sulfamethylthiazole.
Crop Mineral Nutrient and Yield Responses to Aphids or Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus in Spring Wheat and Oat

Root system biomass reductions caused by aphid feeding or aphid-transmitted viral disease may affect root system function in spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) or oat (Avena sativa L.). A 2-yr fi eld experiment was conducted to determine how leaf mineral nutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, and Cu), chlorophyll (chl), and agronomic traits (leaf area index [LAI], leaf area plant − 1 , midday differential canopy temperature deviation from control [dT], yield, and yield components) responded to crop stress imposed by aphid feeding (greenbugs [GB], Schizaphis graminum Rondani; Russian wheat aphids [RWA], Diuraphis noxia Mordvilko; bird cherry-oat aphids [BCOA], Rhopalosiphum padi L.) or by an aphid-vectored virus (barley yellow dwarf virus, Luteovirus, PAV strain [BYDV]). Leaf chl, N, Ca, and Mg concentrations (measured at the boot development stage) were about 25% less in BYDV-infected than control treatments. Grain yield deviation from control (dY) was most negative for BYDV treatment (−2164.5 kg ha −1 ) and least negative for GB treatment (−745.5 kg ha −1 ), with RWA (−900.6 kg ha −1 ) and BCOA (−789 kg ha −1 ) treatments having intermediate effects. Mineral nutrients (N, K, Mg, and Mn) and chl were signifi cantly correlated (Canonical r = 0.94, p < 0.0001) with agronomic traits (LAI, dT, leaf area, and grain yield), and explained 62.1% of the variation in agronomic traits. Thus, leaf concentrations of certain chemical constituents of cereal plants are highly correlative to agronomic traits important in cereal plant responses to stress caused by aphid-feeding damage or aphid-vectored disease.
An Entropy-Based Index Evaluation Scheme for Multiple Sensor Fusion in Classification Process

Sensor fusion aims to identify useful information to facilitate decision-making using data from multiple sensors. Signals from each sensor are usually processed, through feature extraction, into different indices by which knowledge can be better represented. However, cautions should be placed in decision-making when multiple indices are used, since each index may carry different information or different aspects of the knowledge for the process/system under study. To this end, a practical scheme for index evaluation based on entropy and information gain is presented. This procedure is useful when index ranking is needed in designing a classifier for a complex system or process. Both regional entropy and class entropy are introduced based on a set of training data. Application of this scheme is illustrated by using a data set for a tapping process.
SU‐FF‐J‐79: Markerless Lung Tumor Tracking in Rotational Radiotherapy

Purpose: To develop a method to track lungtumors in rotational cone beam projections during rotational radiotherapy and cone beam CT scanning.Method and Materials: A multiple template based tracking algorithm was developed and used to track tumors in rotational cone beam projections. Templates were generated by creating DRRs of ten phases of 4DCT. These templates were generated for a sequential set of angles matching the projections of a CBCT scan. The position of the tumor in each template was derived from contours drawn on 4DCT. Shifting of the templates was used to allow for a greater tumor motion ranges. The mutual information between projections and templates was computed and used as one parameter in a probability function used to track tumor position. Tumor distance traveled and phase change between successive projections were also incorporated into the probability function. This output was compared to physician specified tumor locations on each cone beam projection. In addition to a patient study, the method was tested on a respiratory motion phantom programmed to exhibit sinusoidal motion in the SI direction. Results: In the phantom study, the SI motion of the tumor was tracked with a mean absolute error (MAE) ranging from 1.2mm to 1.6mm and a 95th percentile absolute error (P95) ranging from 3.2mm to 3.7mm. For the patient study, the SI motion was tracked with MAE ranging from 1.7mm to 1.9mm and P95 ranging from 3.4mm to 3.9mm. Conclusion: The algorithm has demonstrated the feasibility of tracking tumors in rotational x‐ray images. Further development is needed in order to achieve accuracy similar to that of fixed gantry fluoroscopic tracking.
Functional characterization of high-affinity Na+/dicarboxylate cotransporter found in Xenopus laevis kidney and heart

The SLC13 gene family includes sodium-coupled transporters for citric acid cycle intermediates and sulfate. The present study describes the sequence and functional characterization of a SLC13 famil...
Ferroelectric transition in a random field: Possible relation to relaxor ferroelectrics

Abstract Ferroelectric phase transition developing in a random field of static defects is studied by the computer simulation method. The chosen free energy provides the stability of the ferroelectric phase in the absence of defects. The simulation model takes into account the transformation-induced strain and the dipole—dipole interaction. It is shown that the ferroelectric transition in a random field produces the two-phase thermoelastic metastable equilibrium rather than the single-phase ferroelectric state. The metastable state is a dispersion of ferroelectric clusters in the paraelectric matrix. The clusters formation mechanism is discussed in terms of the percolation theory. Increase in the transformation driving force transforms the cluster dispersion to the ferroelectric macrodomain state. The theoretical prediction of comparatively stable polar clusters in the paraelectric matrix in relaxor ferroelectrics provides an additional footing for the superparaelectric origin of unusual properties of the ...
Binary Blend of Glyceryl Monooleate and Glyceryl Monostearate for Magnetically Induced Thermo-Responsive Local Drug Delivery System

To develop a novel monoglycerides-based thermal-sensitive drug delivery system, specifically for local intracavitary chemotherapy. Lipid matrices containing mixtures of glyceryl monooleate (GMO) and glyceryl monostearate (GMS) were evaluated for their potential application as magnetically induced thermo-responsive local drug delivery systems using a poorly water-soluble model drug, nifedipine (NF). Oleic acid-modified iron oxide (OA-Fe3O4) nanoparticles were embedded into the GMO-GMS matrix for remote activation of the drug release using an alternating magnetic field (AMF). The crystallization behavior of binary blends of GMO and GMS as characterized by DSC did show temperature dependent phase transition. GMO-GMS (75:25 wt%) blend showed a melting (T m ) and crystallization (T c ) points at 42°C and 37°C, respectively indicating the potential of the matrix to act as an ‘on-demand’ drug release. The matrix released only 35% of the loaded drug slowly in 10 days at 37°C whereas 96% release was obtained at 42°C. A concentration of 0.5% OA-Fe3O4 heated the matrix to 42.3 and 45.5°C within 5 min and 10 min of AMF exposure, respectively. The in vitro NF release profiles form the monoglycerides matrix containing 0.5% OA-Fe3O4 nanoparticles after AMF activation confirmed the thermo-responsive nature of the matrix that could provide pulsatile drug release ‘on-demand’.
Down-regulation of the serotonin transporter in hyperreactive platelets counteracts the pro-thrombotic effect of serotonin

An elevated plasma concentration of serotonin ([5-HT]) is a common feature of cardiovascular disease often associated with enhanced platelet activation and thrombosis. Whether elevated in vivo plasma 5-HT per se represents an independent risk factor for platelet hyperreactivity or only is an epiphenomenon of cardiovascular disease is poorly understood. We examined in vitro and in vivo platelet function following a 24h elevation of plasma [5-HT] in mice. In vivo administration of 5-HT using osmotic minipumps increased plasma [5-HT] in treated mice compared to control mice instrumented with saline loaded pumps. 5-HT infusion did not increase systolic blood pressure, but markers of platelet activation including P-selectin and (PE)Jon/A staining were increased and these findings coincided with the enhanced aggregation of isolated platelets in response to type I fibrillar collagen. Tail bleeding times and the time to occlusion following chemical damage to the carotid artery were shortened in 5-HT-infused mice. 5-HT-infused mice were treated with paroxetine (Prx) to block 5-HT uptake via the serotonin transporter (SERT). Prx lowered platelet [5-HT] and attenuated platelet activation and aggregation. These results and our biochemical indices of enhanced 5-HT intracellular signaling in the platelets of 5-HT-infused mice reveal a mechanistic link between elevated plasma [5-HT], abnormal intracellular 5-HT signaling and accentuated platelet aggregation. Although a down-regulation of the serotonin transporter (SERT) on the platelet surface may counteract the pro-thrombotic influence of elevated plasma [5HT], this compensatory mechanism may fail to prevent the increased thrombotic risk caused by elevated plasma [5-HT].
JUAN R. I. COLE, Modernity and the Millennium: The Genesis of the Baha ⊃ i Faith in the Nineteenth-Century Middle East (New York: Columbia University Press, 1998). Pp. 275. $20.50 paper, $50 cloth.

Conventional scholarship views Baha ⊃ ism and its precursor, Babism, as intrinsically rooted in traditional Shi ⊂ ism—in both Shi ⊂ ism's central doctrines of messianism, millennarianism, and imamism, and its less important features of Neoplatonism, numerology, esoteric knowledge, ecstatic worship, and obedience to religious hierarchy. In short, Babism and Baha ⊃ ism have been treated as historic relics from a traditional worldview rather than birth pangs of the modern age.
High-resolution X-ray absorption microspectroscopy of lamellar phases in natural ilmenite

Abstract X-ray absorption microscopy is used to study the surface of a mineral, ilmenite. High-quality surface-sensitive micrographs are easily obtained without special sample preparation beyond that usually used in preparing samples for optical microscopy. The X-ray micrographs show an expected lamellar domain structure that has a very strong contrast change at the iron and titanium L-edges. High-resolution spectroscopy from these two different regions reveals fine structure from iron atoms in two different charge states, and titanium in a single phase. A theoretical analysis and curve-fitting procedure is used to determine the precise stoichiometry of the structures in the two phases detected. These results show that quantitative surface chemistry studies can be performed on natural mineral samples using X-ray photoelectron emission microscopy.
Simple Lie Algebras of Special Type

Abstract Let K be a field, let A be an associative, commutative K -algebra, and let Δ be a nonzero K -vector space of commuting K -derivations of A . Then, with a rather natural definition, W ( A , Δ) = A ⊗ K Δ = A Δ becomes a Lie algebra, a Witt type algebra. In addition, there is a map div: W ( A , Δ) → A called the divergence and its kernel S = S ( A , Δ) is a Lie subalgebra, a special type algebra. In this paper, we study S from a ring theoretic point of view, obtaining sufficient conditions for the Lie simplicity of [ S , S ]. While the main result here is somewhat cumbersome to state, it does handle a number of examples in a fairly efficient manner. Furthermore, some of the preliminary lemmas are of interest in their own right and may, in time, lead to a more satisfactory answer.
Flux creep in Nd1+χBa2−χCu3O7+δ (χ=0.0−0.1)

Abstract Among the REBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 superconductors, RE = Nd is particularly interesting in that there exists a solid solution Nd 1+χ Ba 2−χ Cu 3 O 7+δ with the solubility limit of 0.04≤χ≤0.6 at 890°C in air and superconductivity appears χ≈0.4 when it is oxygen-annealed. The substitution of Nd 3+ for Ba 2+ in Nd 1+χ Ba 2−χ Cu 3 O 7+δ increases the occupation sites. For χ>0.1, there is a significant depression of T c and for χ T c within experimental error. While T c is not affected over the range 0.0≤χ≤0.1, the oxygens surrounding the substituted Ba sites are expected to locally suppress the superconducting order parameter. Such a local suppression of the order parameter may be expected to act as a pinning site for magnetic flux enhancing the critical current density. Hysteresis measurements exhibited a small increase in the magnetic J c , but flux creep measurements on high quality powdered and aligned samples of Nd 1+χ Ba 2−χ Cu 3 O 7+δ with 0.0≤χ≤0.1 showed no apparent effects of this substitution on the flux pinning energy.
Developments in pediatric hematology and oncology in The Netherlands.

(1994). Developments in Pediatric Hematology and Oncology in the Netherlands. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology: Vol. 11, No. 2, pp. 141-146.
Problems and Countermeasures in the Construction of China’s Entrepreneur Team

This paper is a part of the project “Leading Cadres and Enterprise Talents’ Quality Evaluation Mechanism Research and System Development” (2005401012) funded by the Department of Science & Technology of Liaoning.AbstractEntrepreneur is the engine of an enterprise’s sustainable development. To strengthen the construction of entrepreneur team is a must for the construction and perfection of modern enterprise system, and the realization of stable and fast economic development. By defining the connotation of entrepreneur, this paper analyzes the present construction of entrepreneur team in China, puts forward the problems in the construction, and advances relevant countermeasures.
Angular Induction as a Function of the Length and Position of Segments and Gaps

The perceptual distortions which are manifested in the Poggendorff illusion can be studied with the use of a more restricted set of stimulus elements. Experiments were designed in which angular induction effects between two line elements, known respectively as the test segment and induction segment, were evaluated. In some stimulus configurations the induction 'segment' consisted of a tandem pair of segments. Previous studies had shown that the induction segment will bias operant judgments of collinearity for a test segment, this effect being a function of the relative angle between the two. Six experiments are reported, in which the length and position of segments in relation to the tip of the test segment were varied. It was found that substantial induction is produced by a very short segment, and that this can bias judgment even when its displacement spans more than 10 deg of visual angle. Several aspects of the data suggest that the strength of effect is a log-linear function of segment position. However, the results from displacement of single or tandem segments do not conform to predictions based on length/response summation, and thus do not support a linear-systems approach. Neural substrates for these interactions are given brief attention.
The effects of a web-based intervention on psychosocial well-being among adults aged 60 and older with diabetes: a randomized trial.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of a 6-month Web-based intervention on the psychosocial well-being of older adults with diabetes.MethodsThis study was a randomized controlled trial (N = 62) comparing the effects of a 6-month Web-based intervention plus usual care with usual care alone among adults aged 60 years or older with diabetes. The outcomes included quality of life, depression, social support, and self-efficacy.ResultsThe intervention group showed significant improvement, F(4.48) = 4.03 P = .007, when compared with the control group on measures of depression, quality of life, social support, and self-efficacy when controlling for all baseline outcome variables (age, gender, and number of years with diabetes).ConclusionsThese findings provide support for the conclusion that a Web-based intervention is effective in improving the psychosocial well-being of participants at a 6-month follow-up. Future research needs to investigate the long-term effectiveness of Web-based in...
S-Matrices for perturbations of certain conformal field theories

Abstract We present a family of factorizable S -matrix theories in 1+1 dimensions with an arbitrary number N of particles of distinct masses, and find the conservation laws of these theories. An analysis of the conservation laws of the family of nonunitary CFTs with central charge c = c 2,2 N +3 = −2 N (6 N +5)/(2 N +3) perturbed by the φ (1,3) operator, leads us to conjecture the identification of these perturbed CFTs with the S -matrix theories we found. The case N =1 was treated by Cardy and Mussardo. We also present the S -matrix of an E 7 -related unitary model.
Surgical management of locally recurrent rectal cancer

The surgical management of locally recurrent rectal cancer may involve major procedures and is not for the faint-hearted. Nevertheless, such treatment is preferable to chemotherapy and radiotherapy; the latter will fail over a period of months during which the patient is likely to experience intractable pain. Radical surgery offers good palliation and a better quality of life. Survival is prolonged by such operations which may be curative in up to one-third of patients. Nevertheless, surgeons must be realistic in their assessment of and discussions with patients.
Nonsupplemented Children of Latino Immigrants Have Low Vitamin E Intakes and Plasma Concentrations and Normal Vitamin C, Selenium, and Carotenoid Intakes and Plasma Concentrations

Abstract Objective This study sought to determine and evaluate the intakes and plasma concentrations of vitamin E (α-tocopherol), γ-tocopherol, vitamin C, selenium, and carotenoids (α-carotene, β-carotene, β-cryptoxanthin, lutein/zeaxanthin, and lycopene) of nonsupplemented boys and girls, 4 to 8 years old, of Latino immigrants living in rural Nebraska. Design Dietary intakes of the Latino children were estimated. Their plasma samples (fasting) were analyzed for vitamin E, vitamin C, selenium, and carotenoid concentrations. Data were evaluated by sex. Subjects The subjects were a convenience sample of 4- to 8-year-old (n=29), apparently healthy, nonsupplemented children of Latino immigrants living in rural Nebraska. Statistical Analysis Sex differences in parameter values were determined using general linear models; Pearson r was used for determining correlations. Results No significant differences in parameter values were observed by sex, with the exception of plasma lutein/zeaxanthin concentration. The majority (69%) had plasma vitamin E (α-tocopherol) concentrations 0.41 mg/dL or >23 μmol/L, and >6.32 μg/dL or >0.8 μmol/L, respectively), and consumed at least the Recommended Dietary Allowances for these nutrients. The plasma carotenoid concentrations of the children may be useful as norms. Conclusions These children of Latino immigrants who did not take supplements had low plasma vitamin E (α-tocopherol) concentrations but normal plasma vitamin C and selenium concentrations. Implications Dietetics professionals and others involved in health care need to work with Latino immigrant parents so that their children consume adequate amounts of vitamin E.
Pattern-based fault diagnosis using neural networks

The detection and diagnosis of faults in real time are active areas of research in knowledge-based expert systems. Several methods of diagnosis have been applied to a variety of physical systems. Rule-based approaches have been applied successfully to some domains. However, encoding knowledge in rule bases raises many difficult knowledge acquisition issues; in addition, rule-based systems are often too slow to be effectively applied in a real-time environment. More advanced diagnostic systems may incorporate a simulation of the physical system in the knowledge base. Although simulation-based expert systems can exhibit powerful capabilities, simulating the domain properly may be difficult and too computationally intensive for real-time diagnosis.An effort is underway at The University of Tennessee Space Institute to develop diagnostic expert system methodologies based on the analysis of patterns of behavior of physical mechanisms. In this approach, fault diagnosis is conceptualized as the mapping or association of patterns of input data (e.g., from instrumentation) to patterns representing one or more fault conditions. Associative memories and neural networks are being investigated as a means of storing and retrieving fault scenarios, as they offer several powerful and useful features, including 1) general mapping capabilities, 2) resistance to noisy input data, 3) the ability to be trained in a supervised learning mode, and 4) the capability of operation with incomplete input.Pattern-based fault diagnosis and detection methodologies are currently being applied to jet and rocket engines. These domains are characterized by failure scenarios which may be catastrophic, and may occur over very short time periods. A requirement of the present study is that diagnoses be performed in real time, in order to allow time for effective action to be taken prior to possible engine destruction.This paper 1) outlines an architecture for a real-time pattern-based diagnostic expert system capable of accommodating noisy, incomplete, and possibly erroneous input data, and 2) presents results from prototype systems applied to jet and rocket engine fault diagnosis.
Histone chaperones and nucleosome assembly

Recent structures of the nucleosome core particle reveal details of histone-histone and histone-DNA interactions. These structures have now set the stage for understanding chromatin assembly and dynamics during replication and transcription. Histone chaperones and chromatin remodeling complexes are important in both of these processes. The nucleosome and its protein core, the histone octamer, have twofold symmetry, which histone chaperones may use to bind core histones. Recent studies suggest that the nucleoplasmin pentamer may mediate histone storage, sperm chromatin decondensation and nucleosome assembly, by dimerizing to form a decamer. In this model, histone binding on the lateral surface of the chaperone involves stereospecific interactions and a shared twofold axis.
The impact of automation on engineer's creativity and innovation and its implications for reducing resistance to change

Abstract In a changing world, change is necessary for any organization to survive. The main purpose of this study is to investigate engineer's satisfaction with the tools and opportunities for creating technological changes. Furthermore, this research seeks to determine the prevailing state of mind of engineers concerning the potential threats from technological changes, specifically those in computer technology.
Evaluation of Stripping for Asphalt Concrete Mixtures Using Accelerated Testing Methods

A laboratory study was conducted to determine the water sensitivity and rutting potential of asphalt mixtures. The two major tests included in the study were AASHTO T-283 and a laboratory wheel tracking device. AASHTO T-283 has been adopted in the Superpave system for evaluating mixture-stripping potential. The laboratory wheel tracking device was designed and fabricated to represent conditions associated with stripping, that is, moisture, high temperature, and a moving wheel load. Tests can be conducted with a hot and wet or a hot and dry environment. The objective of the study was to evaluate factors influencing bituminous mixture stripping potential. The laboratory wheel tests can simulate mixture stripping conditions as well as pavement loadings. Rutting potential with and without stripping in hot-wet and in hot-dry environments, respectively, can be determined independently. The difference in rutting for the two environmental conditions indicates the magnitude of rutting associated with stripping. Te...
URINARY EXCRETION OF PARATHYROID HORMONE IN MAN: EFFECTS OF CALCIUM LOADS, PROTEIN-FREE DIETS, ADRENAL CORTICAL STEROIDS AND NEOPLASTIC DISEASE.

Parathyroid hormone excretion has been measured in human urine by bioassay in parathyroidectomized rats. Measurements were made in normals, in hyperparathyroidism and in hypoparathyroidism. Hormone excretion fell to zero with calcium loading and in a patient with vitamin D intoxication. Protein-free diets also resulted in disappearance of the hormone from the urine and in decreased intestinal calcium absorption. A patient with hypoparathyroidism, maintained with parathyroid extract, failed to show significant changes in urinary or fecal calcium on the protein-free regimen. Cortisol or prednisone in sufficiently high doses resulted in disappearance of the urinary hormone. Of 8 patients with neoplastic disease, osteolytic lesions, hypercalcemia and hypercalciuria, 2 had significantly elevated hormone excretions and one was slightly elevated. Three patients with neoplastic disease, osteolytic lesions and normal serum and urinary calcium values exhibited normal hormone excretions.
Characterization and Comparison of Avian and Murine Helper Cell Lines for Production of Replication-Defective Retroviruses for Avian Transformation

Abstract Several approaches were taken to identify improved helper cell lines for the production of replication-defective avian retroviral vectors for avian transformation. Both QT6 and D17 cells were engineered to become helper cell lines for the production of reticuloendotheliosis virus vectors. The results showed that the majority of lines from the D17, QT6, and D17C3 cells produced titers in the 102 to 103 cfu/mL range, with one QT6 line producing 105 cfu/mL. This high producer line was relatively free of helper virus when restricted to low passage. An amphotropic murine cell line produced a 6- to 10-fold higher amount of virus and had a comparable higher titer on chicken cells, suggesting possible application to avian transformation.
MECHANISMS OF EXCITED STATE QUENCHING BY AROMATIC SULFOXIDES

Aromatic sulfoxides quench singlet excited states of sensitizers whose singlet energies render energy transfer unlikely as a mechanism. Well over 50 rate constants for singlet quenching of various sensitizers by a series sulfoxides have been obtained, as have estimates of the redox potentials for the series of sulfoxides. These data strongly suggest that the mechanism for quenching involves electron transfer and/or exciplex formation. Charge (electron) transfer is from the sensitizer to the sulfoxide.
CH3Br structures on Pt(111) : Kinetically controlled self-assembly of weakly adsorbed dipolar molecules

Methyl bromide is a rodlike molecule with a large 1.8 D dipole moment that physisorbs on Pt(111) with its Br end preferentially bound to the surface. The kinetically controlled self-assembly of several ordered CH3Br structures following molecular adsorption at a surface temperature of 20 K and various annealing procedures is revealed by scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). Thermal programmed desorption (TPD) and reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS) provide complementary evidence for kinetic control over the CH3Br monolayer structures at temperatures under ∼100 K. A well-ordered (6 × 3) CH3Br monolayer can be formed by dosing CH3Br multilayers at 20 K and slowly annealing the surface to 104 K over several minutes. The unit cell contains four CH3Br molecules assigned to adsorption at Pt(111) top sites and 3-fold hollow sites in equal measure. The saturation coverage is 0.22 ML with respect to the Pt(111) areal density. RAIRS shows that CH3Br within the (6 × 3) monolayer is aligned along the s...
Nicotine withdrawal produces a decrease in extracellular levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens that is lower in adolescent versus adult male rats.

The behavioral effects of nicotine withdrawal are lower in adolescent versus adult rats. However, the neurochemical mechanisms that mediate these developmental differences are unknown. Previous studies have shown that extracellular levels of dopamine in the nucleus accumbens (NAcc) are reduced in adult rats experiencing withdrawal. This study compared dopamine levels in the NAcc of male adolescent and adult rats experiencing nicotine withdrawal. Animals were prepared with subcutaneous pumps that delivered an equivalent nicotine dose in these age groups. Following 13 days of nicotine exposure, rats were implanted unilaterally with microdialysis probes into the NAcc and ipsilateral ventral tegmental area (VTA). The next day, dialysate levels were collected following systemic administration of the nicotinic-receptor antagonist mecamylamine to precipitate withdrawal. Mecamylamine produced an average % decrease in NAcc dopamine that was lower in adolescents (20%) versus adults (44%). Similar developmental differences were observed with the dopaminergic (DOPAC and HVA) but not serotonergic (5-HIAA) metabolites. A follow-up study compared NAcc dopamine in adolescent and adult rats receiving intra-VTA administration of bicuculline, which reduces γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibition of dopamine transmission. The results revealed that blockade of GABAA receptors in the VTA produced a two-fold increase in NAcc dopamine of adults but not adolescents. These results provide a potential mechanism involving dopamine that mediates developmental differences in nicotine withdrawal. Specifically, they suggest that GABA systems are underdeveloped during adolescence and this reduced inhibition of dopamine neurons in the VTA may lead to reduced decreases in NAcc dopamine of young animals experiencing withdrawal. Synapse 64:136–145, 2010. © 2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The multiple actions of angiotensin II in atherosclerosis

Angiotensin II (Ang II), the effector peptide of the renin-angiotensin system, has been implied in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis on various levels. There is abundant experimental evidence that pharmacological antagonism of Ang II formation by angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition or blockade of the cellular effects of Ang II by angiotensin type 1 receptor blockade inhibits formation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions. Angiotensin promotes generation of oxidative stress in the vasculature, which appears to be a key mediator of Ang II-induced endothelial dysfunction, endothelial cell apoptosis, and lipoprotein peroxidation. Ang II also induces cellular adhesion molecules, chemotactic and proinflammatory cytokines, all of which participate in the induction of an inflammatory response in the vessel wall. In addition, Ang II triggers responses in vascular smooth muscle cells that lead to proliferation, migration, and a phenotypic modulation resulting in production of growth factors and extracellular matrix. While all of these effects contribute to neointima formation and development of atherosclerotic lesions, Ang II may also be involved in acute complications of atherosclerosis by promoting plaque rupture and a hyperthrombotic state. Accordingly, Ang II appears to have a central role in the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis.
Scale-invariant pattern in the alga Micrasterias

Spatial structures arise in a variety of different physical, chemical and biological systems. A striking example is found during morphogenesis in the single-celled alga Micrasterias, where cell extensions called lobes branch repeatedly to produce a highly regular, apparently self-similar pattern. Lobe outgrowth in Micrasterias is thought to be controlled by the local accumulation of growth determinants at the lobe tips. These tip-growth sites undergo successive spatial bifurcations, leading to the recursively branched, final cell form. I have tested for scale invariance of this form, by measuring the distribution of tips as a function of position along the cell perimeter in mature Micrasterias cells of four different species. This tip distribution should reflect the steady-state distribution of growth determinants at the end of the spatial bifurcation process. For each cell measured, the distribution of tips resembled a Cantor set with three levels of constant, nested scaling. Significantly, roughly the same scale factor (∼3.0) was found at each scaling level in individual cells, and among different cells in each of the four species measured. These data suggest that scaling by this factor is intrinsic to the pattern formation process in Micrasterias.
Dispersion In Patient Physical Characteristics And The Concept Of The Average Patient: Implications For Dose Minimization In Mammography

AbstractOf the many factors which affect the quality of a mammogram, one of the most importantis the radioluscency of the patient. It is well known that there is a significantvariation in the patient population, yet the analysis and optimization of mammographyimaging systems (and others) generally is based on the concept of an average patient. Withthe concern over dose in mammography and the resulting quest for the lowest dosesconsistent with acceptable diagnostic quality, it is of interest to investigate theimplications of patient variability for the optimization of reduced dose mammography. In this paper we report on the use of the model of a mammography examination developed byMuntz to investigate the questions associated with a patient population having dispersedphysical characteristics. Data on compressed breast thickness for a series of 120 patientsreceiving mammograms at LAC -USC Medical Center was used for information about the disper-sion in patient characteristics. It is concluded that significant changes in mammographyrisk factor can be associated with patient variability. The risk factor variations are solarge that the concept of the average patient needs to be re- thought for the case ofreduced dose mammography.IntroductionThe concept of the average or standard patient is rooted in the folklore of diagnosticradiology. Phantoms, while sometimes constructed to be flexible, are used overwhelminglyto represent the average patient. The idea of repeating all those measurements for avariety of simulated patient sizes is simply too much to put up with in most situations.But we know, deep down, that there may be some question about this approach. Even to thecasual observer, the differences in image quality between an "easy" and "difficult" toradiograph subject are very often greater than the differences in image quality within anentire panoply of competing imaging systems that are being tested using a phantom.The purpose of this paper is to investigate the implications of patient variations forone particular situation; the problems associated with dose and image quality in mammo-
A new species of Townsendia (Compositae) from Utah

An endemic, yellow ray-flowered species ofTownsendia is described asT. aprica from Sevier Co., Utah. It is apparently most closely related toT. montana Nutt. of western Montana and Wyoming south to southern Utah andT. mensana M. E. Jones of northern and western Utah and adjacent Nevada.
Results of the 1993 survey of the American Association of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology

Rationale and objectives. A survey of chief residents of academic radiology programs is conducted annually on behalf of the American Association of Academic Chief Residents in Radiology (A3CR2). Data are obtained to improve the training of diagnostic radiology residents and to increase the understanding of radiologists and their associates about issues of interest to radiologists in training. Methods. Questionnaires were mailed to 133 accredited programs in the United States and Canada. A wide variety of demographic and common interest questions were asked. The analysis took into account geographic location of the responders and the size of the residency program. Comparisons were made to the data from prior years. Results. Completed surveys from 93 programs (70%) were returned. The percentage of women residents is increasing. Important regional and size variations exist in several areas including salary, workload, prior clinical training, resident/fellow ratios, post residency plans, and call schedules. Although many chief residents feel knowledgeable about the health care system, opinions about the future of radiology and medical care are tentative. Conclusions. This survey provides important demographic information about academic radiology residency programs. The summary information regarding plans for fellowship training, resident call schedules, and opinions about socioeconomic issues may be useful for chief residents, program directors, and departmental chairmen.
Anomalous diffraction theory for arbitrarily oriented finite circular cylinders and comparison with exact T-matrix results

A general method is developed to formulate extinction and absorption efficiency for nonspherical particles at arbitrary and random orientations by use of anomalous diffraction theory (ADT). An ADT for finite circular cylinders is evaluated as an example. Existing ADT's for infinite cylinders at arbitrary orientations and for finite cylinders at the normal incidence are shown to be special cases of the new formulation. ADT solutions for finite cylinders are shown to approach the rigorous T-matrix results when the refractive indices approach unity. The importance of some physical processes that are neglected in the ADT approximation are evaluated by comparisons between ADT and rigorous calculations for different particle geometries. For spheres, van de Hulst's ADT and Mie theory are used, whereas the ADT that we present and T-matrix calculations are used for cylinders of different diameter-to-length ratios. The results show that the differences in extinction between ADT and exact solutions generally decrease with nonsphericity. A similar decrease occurs for absorption at wavelengths of relatively strong absorption. The influence of complex refractive index is evaluated. Our results suggest that ADT may provide a useful approximation in parameterization and remote sensing of cirrus clouds in the Christiansen bands where the real part of the refractive index approaches unity and/or where relative absorption is strong.
Stories that Transform: Narrative Approaches to Spiritually Oriented Clinical Practice

This article illustrates the uses of narrative therapy in a spiritually oriented clinical practice setting. Narrative theory and techniques are presented via actual clinical case material and through the stories of selected biblical characters. The stories that clients present are, by definition, usually problem laden and tenaciously held. Problem stories tend to be seen by the self and others as defining the person's identity. By uncovering hidden or marginalized stories, narrative therapy and biblical narrative offer ways to shift problem-ridden stories to stories that reflect the person's strengths.
On integrating web services from the ground up into CS1/CS2

Web services technology is a burgeoning technology that has received tremendous amount of attention in the software industry in recent years under the broader umbrella of service-oriented architecture (SOA). While Web services have been incorporated in many industries in the market place in the last few years, they are only beginning to appear in the academia, primarily in upper division and graduate CS curricula. In this paper, we share our belief that the Web services technology can and should be introduced early in a CS curriculum. We describe a number of scenarios that Web services can be integrated into CS1/CS2 to make them more interesting and more importantly, make the students better prepared for upper division classes and for the industry upon graduation. These scenarios can be incorporated without compromising the core materials presently covered in many CS1/CS2 sequence.
Optical control of molecular motion with robustness and application to vinylidene fluoride

The results of previous research [ J. Chem. Phys.88, 6870 ( 1988)] on optimal control of harmonic molecular motion are extended. A closed-form solution for the optimal optical field is derived for a quadratic cost criterion, and an asymptotic form for this field is obtained for large target times. The dynamics of a molecule are shown to be controllable if no normal mode has zero optical absorption intensity. The theoretical formulation yields optical field designs that are to be executed ultimately in the laboratory. In this regard, a critical issue is the robustness of the field designs. Therefore the optimal control formalism is extended further to yield optimal fields that exhibit minimal sensitivity of the desired molecular objectives with respect to force constants and dipole derivatives. Examples of sensitivity minimization are shown, using a linear chain molecule. Finally, optimal control of the molecule vinylidene fluoride is demonstrated.
Resection of the distal ulna with and without implant arthroplasty in rheumatoid arthritis

Eighteen patients who had rheumatoid wrist surgery with resection of the distal ulna, with or without implant arthroplasty, were reviewed at an average follow-up of 32 months. Subjective and objective clinical findings did not confirm any advantage to the routine use of implant arthroplasty of the distal ulna. Moreover, a bone resorptive process, which was identified in all implant cases, may cause clinical symptoms and prosthetic instability and may warrant reoperation. The histologic findings supported a granulomatous reaction to a foreign body as a cause of the resorptive process. Histologic examination showed a synovial type of membrane and the feasibility was raised of an enzymatic cause.