cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An Unexpected Letter

My legs are on fire. I’m fighting to spin the pedals of my svelte French Peugeot racing bicycle in a desperate effort to keep pace with Belgian cycling champion Eddy Merckx. We’re battling mano a mano, racing up the switchbacks of Mont Ventoux, the “Giant of Provence,” a cruel peak that had claimed the life of British champion Tom Simpson during the 1967 Tour de France. We’re racing for the finish line, a strip of white paint in the steep road at the summit, a desolate place marked by a decaying weather station. Merckx, known as the “Cannibal” because of his insatiable appetite for victories, sets an infernal pace. Somehow, I’m able to keep up, while one by one, all the others have fallen behind. The finish is finally in sight, and the fans are in a frenzy. Despite the overwhelming pain and self-doubt building inside me, I summon all my remaining strength. I rise out of the saddle and swing my Peugeot side to side in a furious sprint. And wondrous to relate, I leave the Cannibal in my wake.
The psychopharmacology of social phobia.

The use of psychotropic drugs in the treatment of social phobia has occurred only recently. The author reviews the available studies which suggest that medications in the beta-blocker group, the monamine oxidase inhibitors, the benzodiazepines, and possibly others are useful in the treatment of social phobia
The invention of purgatory: a note on the historical pedigree of the superego

Stoppard (1998) in his great play "The Invention of Love" has suggested that the love poem "Like everything else, like clocks and trousers and algebra . . had to be invented" (emphasis added). In this essay I argue that the concept of Purgatory was not always with us either but also had to be invented. If theology got the concept started, I suggest that eventually it may have found its way into psychology, even influencing psychoanalytic ideas about the origins of the Superego. If the concepts Heaven and Hell reflect primitive Superego absolutes, the concept of Purgatory seems like the primitive Superego modulating its own severity and becoming more mature in the process. This influence of a theological concept (Purgatory) on a psychoanalytic concept (Superego) is then outlined and explicated in some detail.
Effects of water velocity, turbulence and obstacle length on the swimming capabilities of adult Pacific lamprey

The swimming capabilities of adult Pacific lamprey, Entosphenus tridentatus Gairdner, were tested in an experimental vertical-slot fishway in response to three different fishway features: water velocity (1.2, 1.8 and 2.4 m s−1), the length of the vertical slot (0.33, 0.66, 1.00 m) and during the presence/absence of a turbulence-intensifying structure that increased turbulence for each respective treatment. Passage success was lowest (52.7%) and attachment rates were highest (92.9%) during the most difficult passage conditions (high velocity, high turbulence, long slot length). Passage success was >83% for all other treatment combinations. Although passage of the vertical-slot weir was not associated with fish body size, Pacific lamprey with larger dorsal distances (distance between the two dorsal fins) were more likely to pass the vertical-slot weir. Increased attachment rates and longer attachment times during strenuous passage conditions suggest that endurance capacity may be an important factor limiting the passage of Pacific lamprey at fishway obstacles.
Tendon-Actuated Lightweight In-Space MANipulator (TALISMAN)

The robotic architecture of State-of-the-Art (SOA) space manipulators, represented by the Shuttle Remote Manipulator System (SRMS), inherently limits their capabilities to extend reach, reduce mass, apply force and package efficiently. TALISMAN uses a new and innovative robotic architecture that incorporates a combination of lightweight truss links, a novel hinge joint, tendon-articulation and passive tension stiffening to achieve revolutionary performance. A TALISMAN with performance similar to the SRMS has 1/10th of its mass and packages in 1/7th of its volume. The TALISMAN architecture allows its reach to be scaled over a large range; from 10 to over 300 meters. In addition, the dexterity (number of degrees-of-freedom) can be easily adjusted without significantly impacting manipulator mass because the joints are very lightweight.
Wind Erosion Prediction and Control

Few regions of the United States are entirely safe from wind erosion. Whenever the soil surface is loose and dry with limited crop residue cover, and the wind sufficiently strong, soil erosion will occur. Soil erosion by wind causes diffuse pollution, loss of topsoil, reduced crop production, and damage to both public and private facilities. Factors contributing to the wind erosion process can vary daily. This complex process presents a challenge to the science of wind erosion prediction and control. USDA Agricultural Research Service is developing a new Wind Erosion Prediction System (WEPS) to overcome the limitations of the existing Wind Erosion Equation (WEQ). WEPS is a computer based model with submodels for crops, soils, tillage, erosion, weather, hydrology, and decomposition. USDA Soil Conservation Service assisted with the characterization of changes in the temporal soil properties of the tillage zone and ground surface and erosion rates at a validation site in the Great Lakes region. The results of the data collection for the soils and erosion submodels and a discussion of a windbreak demonstration site show the dynamic nature of the wind erosion process.
Black:white disparities in breast cancer mortality in the 50 largest cities in the United States, 2005-2014.

Abstract Introduction This paper presents race-specific breast cancer mortality rates and the corresponding rate ratios for the 50 largest U.S. cities for each of the 5-year intervals between 2005 and 2014. Methods The 50 largest cities in the U.S. were the units of analysis. Numerator data were abstracted from national death files where the cause was malignant neoplasm of the breast (ICD-10 = C50) for women. Population-based denominators were obtained from the U.S. Census Bureau for 2010–2014. To measure the racial disparity, we calculated Black:White rate ratios (RRs) and confidence intervals for each 5-year period. To determine whether changes over time in the disparity were statistically significant, we calculated a 2-sided z score for the change in the relative percent difference between the Black and White rates for 2005–2009 and 2010–2014. Results At the most recent time point (2010–2014), the RR was significantly greater than 1.00 in the US and 24 cities. The change in the Black:White disparity was statistically significant in five cities and the US. The percent difference increased significantly in Atlanta, GA (from 4.1 to 117.4, p Conclusion This analysis provides updated city-level breast cancer mortality data for Black and White women through 2014, and reveals that in the US and 24 of the 43 largest US cities, Black women continue to die from breast cancer at a higher rate than their White counterparts. Importantly, however, a few cities, Memphis, Boston and Philadelphia, showed a decrease in the Black:White breast cancer mortality disparity between 2005–2009 and 2010–2014.
A Historical and Theoretical Look at Ritual Abuse Laws Part II: Applying an Integrated Conflict Model Analysis to the Idaho Baby X Case

This article is the second that examines the social construction of ritual abuse statutes that uses the Integrated Conflict Model of law formation. Using content analysis findings based on a qualitative, historical phenomenological interpretation, this piece examines the formation of ritual abuse law in Idaho. Examining circumstances surrounding the satanic panic that took place in the mid-1980s to early 1990s, the article supports the idea that the formation of ritual abuse laws involves structural foundations, public demands for information, triggering events, and counter-triggering events surrounding a particular case of suspected ritual abuse. It concludes with recommendations for future research concerning law formation processes.
Discretization error of reflected fractional Brownian motion

The long-range dependence and self-similarity of fractional Brownian motion make it an attractive model for traffic in many data transfer networks. Reflected fractional Brownian Motion appears in the storage process of such a network. In this paper, we focus on the simulation of reflected fractional Brownian motion using a straightforward discretization scheme and we show that its strong error is of order hH, where h is the discretization step and H ∈ (0, 1) is the Hurst index.
A measurement technique and algorithm for determining the NPN and PNP alphas of a thyristor

A new method has been developed for accurately measuring the forward-blocking characteristics of gate-turn-off (GTO) thyristors, and for converting these characteristics into plots on npn and pnp gain as functions of anode current and anode voltage. Specifically, anode current and gate current are measured as function of gate-to-cathode voltage at a fixed anode voltage over several orders of magnitude of anode current. These data are used to determine the electron and hole components of anode current, which are, in turn, used to calculate α npr and α npn over the entire range of anode current of interest. Examples are given that show how junction shorts, low minority-carrier lifetime in the n-base, and anomalously low npn gain are diagnosed in gate-turn-off thyristors. These new procedures have successfully diagnosed the causes of gate insensitivity in 95 percent of the devices to which they have been applied.
Moral Responsibility for Sustainable Luxury Consumption and Production

Sustainable development requires that both planetary sustainability and economic development for material welfare of individuals be positive. A tradeoff in which material welfare improves by damaging planetary sustainability is risky, given increasing deterioration in the world’s climate. Embedded in sustainable development are the two issues of whether poverty is being relieved progressively and whether economic inequality is decreasing or increasing. The Paris agreement of December 2015, entering into force in 2020, is the newest framework for addressing climate change. The action plan tries to halt rise in global emissions, with a delay afforded to developing countries, and then undertake rapid reductions from the peak. Environmental change, negative and positive, involves many small effects accumulating. This chapter develops the proposition that luxury consumption and production generate special moral responsibility for sustainability, responsibility that holds for both buyers and sellers. While all consumption and production increasingly require sustainability strategies, there is a key distinction between necessities and luxuries. Sustainability is a regressive tax on necessities and a progressive tax on luxuries. Luxury consumption might be reduced in order to transfer wealth to the poor. The voluntary billionaire’s club is a step in this direction. The focus of this chapter is on the responsibility imposed by wealth to make luxury consumption and production as environmentally friendly as possible. For instance, the wealthy can afford a premium price to obtain carbon neutral and even more desirably carbon reducing consumption and production. Capacity generates responsibility in this context. Climate change imposes a greater moral responsibility on the wealthy than on the non-wealthy, above a minimum standard for everyone. This conception of moral responsibility has important implications for how firms manage strategic relationship with sustainable luxury stakeholders. The methodology of the chapter is to identify relevant key literature on its central proposition, and to develop the logic of special responsibility and the implications of that special responsibility for stakeholder management by luxury-oriented firms.
Single-shot hyperspectral multiplexed imaging using a computational imaging array (Conference Presentation)

We show experimental results from a prototype multiplexed imaging spectrometer. Spectral information is encoded via a dual-dispersive architecture using a digital micromirror spatial light modulator (SLM) and decoded on-chip at the focal plane with a computational imaging array. Light from the scene is dispersed through a first prism and imaged onto the SLM, which applies a unique time-varying binary (1,0) encoding to each spectral bin. The encoded light is then recombined through a second prism and imaged onto a computational imaging array, where the multiplexed image is decoded on-chip. The computational imaging array is comprised of a 32x32 array of pixels with the capability of acquiring eight concurrent measurements that can be modulated with a time-varying duo-binary signal (+1,-1,0) at MHz rates. This results in eight decoded images per frame at a maximum frame rate of 1600 frames per second. The frame rate of the system depends on the number of encoded spectral bins. At the high end it is limited by the switching speed of the DMD SLM, and at the low end it is limited by the readout rate of the imaging array. We explore these trades as well as discuss areas for future improvement.
Financial Dependence and Exports: Entrants or Incumbents?

This paper explores the impact of financial development on exporting, focusing on the differential impact between incumbent firms and new entrants. Using firm-level customs data from 51 countries we confirm the result from the literature that sectors that are more dependent on external finance have relatively higher exports in countries that have more developed financial markets. We show that this effect occurs entirely through new entrants, with no effect found for incumbents. The trade response of entrants works primarily through the extensive margin (number of exporters) rather than the intensive margin (average size), and this margin of response is much larger for entrants than for incumbents. Also, we find that periods of banking crises generate no greater reduction in trade than we would expect during normal periods. Finally, we find that access to the finance increases exporter entry rates while it does not affect exporter exit, survival rates, product and destination entry rates of incumbents and surviving entrants.
Processes and Procedures for Estimating Score Reliability and Precision

ABSTRACTPrecision is a key facet of test development, with score reliability determined primarily according to the types of error one wants to approximate and demonstrate. This article identifies and discusses several primary forms of reliability estimation: internal consistency (i.e., split-half, KR–20, α), test–retest, alternate forms, interscorer, and interrater reliability.
Slow Dynamics of Tryptophan–Water Networks in Proteins

Water has a profound effect on the dynamics of biomolecules and governs many biological processes, leading to the concept that function is slaved to solvent dynamics within and surrounding the biomolecule. Protein conformational changes on μs–ms time scales are frequently associated with protein function, but little is known about the behavior of protein-bound water on these time scales. Here we have used NMR relaxation dispersion measurements to probe the tryptophan indoles in the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR). We find that during structural changes on the μs–ms time scale, large chemical shift changes are often observed for the NH proton on the indole ring, while relatively smaller chemical shift changes are observed for the ring nitrogen atom. Comparison with experimental chemical shifts and density functional theory-based chemical shift predictions show that during the structural change the tryptophan indole NHs remain bound to water, but the geometry of the protein-bound water networks change...
Carbon origami: A method to fabricate lightweight carbon cellular materials

Abstract We present the fabrication of lightweight cellular carbon materials using an origami-inspired technique. Complex, porous shapes are fabricated by carbonizing an origami structure made by pre-creasing and manual folding a flat piece of pure cellulosic paper. This relatively simple process yields carbon origami shapes that feature density as low as 0.014 ± 0.005 g/cm3, 0.93% the density of bulk glassy carbon. Yet, the specific stiffness of this carbon origami and its capability to transfer load compare advantageously to other lightweight cellular materials such as carbon nanotube foams, graphene elastomers, metallic microlattices, silica aerogel, and carbon foams. Such promising mechanical properties coupled to the high temperature resistance and excellent chemical and electrochemical stability of carbon positions carbon origami as a candidate to fabricate lightweight, multifunctional materials.
Arno G. Motulsky, MD (1923-2018): Holocaust survivor who cofounded the field of medical genetics.

Arno G. Motulsky, MD (1923–2018): Holocaust survivor who cofounded the field of medical genetics
Was the AMT Effectively Repealed

The individual alternative minimum tax (AMT) was a much disliked feature of the tax law prior to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (TCJA). Yet, despite repeated promises to repeal the AMT as part of tax reform, the TCJA dropped AMT repeal in favor of increasing the AMT exemption and its phaseout threshold. The question raised by this development is whether the AMT changes should be viewed as yet another stop-gap tweak of the AMT or whether the changes should be viewed as returning the AMT to its roots as a tax on high-income taxpayers using excessive loopholes. In this essay I compare the AMT before and after the TCJA. I show how the pre-reform AMT and regular tax were structured in such a way as to capture a broad swath of taxpayers who did nothing more than use common personal deductions. By contrast, I show that the new AMT is a much defanged version of the old. Under the TCJA many fewer taxpayers will be exposed to the AMT and those who are exposed are likely to look much more like the sort of taxpayers that were the original target of the tax: high income taxpayers taking advantage of loopholes.
Overcoming Problems in Modifying the Environment

Some biomedical scientists are predicting that it will be least fifteen more years before researchers discover the cause of, and the possible clinical treatment for, Alzheimer’s disease. The fact that many nursing homes and other care settings are, at present, ill equipped to meet the needs of this special group of elderly persons compounds the situation even further. One part of a national study by the Institute of Gerontology, The University of Michigan (Coons, et al., 1983), entitled Alzheimer’s Disease: Subjective Experiences of Families and completed in 1983, dealt with families’ experiences with nursing homes. In listing problems, many felt that staff were not adequately trained to work with persons with Alzheimer’s disease. We are now faced with the need to examine alternatives and explore new and innovative approaches that will provide a better quality of life for this vulnerable group and ease the distress of families who need to seek help.
Homeostasis and Heteroplasticity: Functional Significance of Behavioral State Sequences

if energy and information are separable physical domains in which physiological systems evolve, how can we conceptualize the rules that govern physiological adaptation? For many years the reigning research paradigm in physiology has been that of homeostasis. Enunciated by Claude Bernard (6) as “constancy of the internal milieu” and articulated by Walter B. Cannon (11) in The Wisdom of the Body, the concept of homeostasis emphasized conservative and energetic aspects of adaptation: constancy was the goal 199 and the role of physiological systems was to adjust to environmental change so as to maintain equilibrium. The homeostasis concept was compatible with the reflex paradigm of Sherringtonian neurobiology and has successfully guided experimentation on sensorimotor systems for a century.
Cell-Free Analysis of ER to Golgi Apparatus Vesicular Traffic

Membrane traffic between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and the Golgi apparatus has been analyzed using a cell-free system in which transfer is via 50 to 70 nm transition vesicle intermediates. The latter have been isolated and characterized. Vesicle formation is temperature-and ATP-dependent and inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide. Transfer to Golgi apparatus is specific for cis Golgi apparatus membranes as acceptor. Heterologous transfer has been demonstrated among animal and plant systems. Nuclei with intact or semi-intact membranes will replace ER as the donor. The ability to form transition vesicles is restricted to a subpopulation of the ER, called the transitional or cis Golgi apparatus-associated ER. The cell-free systems employ a fraction enriched in this ER subpopulation. Both lipids and proteins are transferred. Transferred proteins and lipids are processed at the Golgi apparatus suggestive of membrane fusion of the transition vesicle donor with membranes of the Golgi apparatus acceptors. An ATPase with unique properties has been purified from transitional ER of liver. Other proteins under study and potentially involved in the transfer process include a 55 kDa GTP-binding protein of the transitional ER and a putative docking protein of the cis Golgi.
Knife wielding radiologist: A case report of primary pancreatic lymphoma.

Abstract Majority of malignant pancreatic neoplasms are epithelial in origin and mostly arise from exocrine gland. Ductal adenocarcinoma compromises the major histological type of such tumors. Primary non-epithelial tumors of exocrine pancreatic gland are extremely rare and incorporate lymphoma and sarcoma. Primary pancreatic lymphoma compromises less than 0.5% of pancreatic malignancies. Primary pancreatic lymphoma can be difficult to differentiate from pancreatic adenocarcinoma and other neoplasms on imaging, and a correct diagnosis is crucial for appropriate patient management.
Networking for resources: how regulators use networks to compensate for lower staff levels

ABSTRACTThe literature has found that regulatory networks foster exchange of information between regulators, but failed to specify the mechanism whereby regulators network for expertise. This paper...
Chapter VII: Paradise Regained: The Supreme Court Approves the Misappropriation Theory

This book traces the origin of the distinctly American insider trading prohibition, while also detailing the eye-catching recoveries thereunder. Relevant administrative decisions, Congressional inaction, and judicial innovations are all analyzed. Oral arguments, policy speeches, and, of course, a large number of federal court decisions are studied and excerpted towards the goal of explaining how Rule 10b-5 grew from an effort to cabin excesses to a key governmental means of recovering them.
Robust Decision Making (RDM)

The quest for predictions—and a reliance on the analytical methods that require them—can prove counter-productive and sometimes dangerous in a fast-changing world. Robust Decision Making (RDM) is a set of concepts, processes, and enabling tools that use computation, not to make better predictions, but to yield better decisions under conditions of deep uncertainty. RDM combines Decision Analysis, Assumption-Based Planning, scenarios, and Exploratory Modeling to stress test strategies over myriad plausible paths into the future, and then to identify policy-relevant scenarios and robust adaptive strategies. RDM embeds analytic tools in a decision support process called “deliberation with analysis” that promotes learning and consensus-building among stakeholders. The chapter demonstrates an RDM approach to identifying a robust mix of policy instruments—carbon taxes and technology subsidies—for reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The example also highlights RDM’s approach to adaptive strategies, agent-based modeling, and complex systems. Frontiers for RDM development include expanding the capabilities of multi-objective RDM (MORDM), more extensive evaluation of the impact and effectiveness of RDM-based decision support systems, and using RDM’s ability to reflect multiple world views and ethical frameworks to help improve the way organizations use and communicate analytics for wicked problems.
Arbitrary-time error suppression for Markovian adiabatic quantum computing using stabilizer subspace codes

Adiabatic quantum computing (AQC) can be protected against thermal excitations via an encoding into error-detecting codes, supplemented with an energy penalty formed from a sum of commuting Hamiltonian terms. Earlier work showed that it is possible to suppress the initial thermally induced excitation out of the encoded ground state, in the case of local Markovian environments, by using an energy-penalty strength that grows only logarithmically in system size, at a fixed temperature. The question of whether this result applies beyond the initial time was left open. Here we answer this in the affirmative. We show that thermal excitations out of the encoded ground state can be suppressed at arbitrary times under the additional assumption that the total evolution time is polynomial in the system size. Thus, computational problems that can be solved efficiently by using AQC in a closed system setting can still be solved efficiently subject to coupling to a thermal environment. Our construction uses stabilizer subspace codes, which require at least 4-local interactions to achieve this result.
Uptake and binding of cadmium and mercury to metallothionein in rat hepatocyte primary cultures

The administration of inorganic Cd and Hg in vivo has been shown to result in markedly different metal concentrations in rat liver. Primary cultures of rat hepatocytes were utilized to gain insight into the dispositional differences between these chemically similar metals. Hepatocyte monolayer cultures were exposed to several concentrations of Cd or Hg (3, 10 and 30mum) in serum-containing medium for 30min. The cells were then washed and incubated in fresh medium for the remainder of the experiment. Hepatocytes exposed to Cd accumulated significantly more metal than hepatocytes exposed to equimolar concentrations of Hg. In cells exposed to 3mum-Cd there was an initial loss of Cd from the hepatocytes when placed in fresh medium, followed by a gradual re-uptake of metal, concomitant with increased binding to metallothionein. In hepatocytes exposed to 3 and 10mum-Cd, 87 and 77% of the intracellular Cd was bound to metallothionein within 24h. Loss of Hg from hepatocytes pulsed with 30mum-Hg was also observed upon the addition of fresh medium and continued for the duration of the experiment. No time-dependent increase in Hg binding to metallothionein was observed. A maximum of about 10% of the intracellular Hg was found associated with metallothionein in hepatocytes exposed to 30mum-Hg. Studies utilizing [(35)S]cysteine incorporation indicated significant increases in the amount of metallothionein synthesized in hepatocytes exposed to 3 and 10mum-Cd (300% of control value) and 30mum-Hg (150% of control value) 24h after metal pulsing. Time-course studies revealed a 6-12h lag in metallothionein synthesis, followed by a significant elevation in [(35)S]cysteine incorporation into metallothionein between 12 and 24h. These studies suggest that (a) isolated hepatocytes differentiate between Cd and Hg and preferentially accumulate the former, and (b) Cd strongly stimulates the induction of, and preferentially binds to, metallothionein, whereas Hg induces weakly, and does not preferentially bind to, metallothionein.
Do reductions in switching barriers in the US mobile service industry affect contract and no-contract customers differently?

In the past four years, the US mobile phone service industry has implemented changes related to product offerings and competition strategies. Mobile phone service providers have shifted from contract to no-contract plans, separated devices from service costs and begun challenging switching barriers by offering to refund the financial costs of potential switchers. This study examines customers' perceptions of contract and no-contract mobile phone service plans regarding the impact of switching barriers on their decisions to change providers. Consistent with previous research, the study finds that contract and no-contract mobile phone service customers differ significantly in their perceptions of relational benefits, switching costs and availability and attractiveness of alternatives. However, in contrast with previous research, the study observes no significant differences in the length of time they intend to wait before switching and their perceptions of providers' effort to recover a service. Implications of the findings for theory and practice conclude.
Our Data-driven Future: Promise, Perils, and Prognoses

In this chapter, we discuss both the great advantages and potential harms ushered in by this era of data collection, as well as ways to mitigate the harms while maintaining the benefits. Specifically, we propose and discuss classes of potential solutions: methods for collecting less data overall, transparency of code and models, federated learning, and identity management tools, among others. Some of these solutions can be implemented now, others require a longer horizon, but all can begin through the advocacy of marketing research. We also discuss possible ways to improve on the benefits of data collection – by developing methods to assist individuals pursue their long-term goals while advocating for privacy in such pursuits.
Inviscid flow analysis of a circular cylinder traversing across an unbounded uniform-shear stream

The present study is focused on obtaining the inviscid flow solution for a circular cylinder traversing steadily across an unbounded uniform-shear flow. The work is motivated by understanding the aerodynamics of bodies traversing across a shear flow, as well as by developing an understanding of fundamental concepts that are well understood for uniform free stream but not in the presence of shear. The results show that, in general, the presence of shear makes it impossible to define a unique approach-stream incidence angle , respectively.
Phase I Trial of Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemoperfusion (HIPEC) with Cisplatin, Mitomycin, and Paclitaxel in Patients with Gastric Adenocarcinoma and Associated Carcinomatosis or Positive Cytology.

The purpose of this phase I trial is to evaluate the safety and toxicity of laparoscopic hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion with chemotherapy (HIPEC), combining mitomycin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel for patients with gastric cancer metastatic to the peritoneum. A Bayesian optimal interval design was used to prospectively identify the safety and tolerability of escalating doses of paclitaxel in combination with flat doses of mitomycin (30 mg) and cisplatin (200 mg) during laparoscopic HIPEC. The primary objective is to define the maximum tolerated dose. Secondary endpoints include surgical complications and overall survival (OS). A total of 27 patients were treated between 11/2017 and 11/2018. No dose-limiting toxicities were observed. Treatment-related grade 1–2 toxicities were leukopenia (11%), oral dysesthesia (4%), arthralgia (4%), and diarrhea (4%). Treatment-related grade 3–4 toxicities included leukopenia (4%) and neutropenia (4%). The maximum dose for paclitaxel was 60 mg/m2. Rates of Clavien–Dindo surgical complications were grade I 96% (all electrolyte deficiencies requiring replacement), II 4%, III 0%, IV 0%, and V 4%. The median follow-up time was 15 months. One- and 2-year OS rates from date of metastatic disease were 73.9% and 58.1%, respectively. Laparoscopic HIPEC with mitomycin, cisplatin, and paclitaxel may be safely used at intraperitoneal doses of 30 mg, 200 mg, and 60 mg/m2, respectively. Although electrolyte abnormalities were common, systemic toxicity was low. Survival rates were promising, supporting further research into intraperitoneal therapy for stage IV gastric cancer.
Regenerative hepatic pseudotumor: a new pseudotumor of the liver

Summary Cases of new pseudotumors of the liver were collected from multiple medical centers. Four resection and 4 biopsy specimens were collected, including 4 women and 4 men at an average age of 48 ± 15 years (range: 28–73 years). The lesions were visible on imaging but were either ill-defined or had indeterminate features for characterization. They ranged in size from 2 to 9 cm and were multiple in five cases. The resection specimens showed lesions that had vague borders but were visible in juxtaposition to the normal liver on gross examination. Histologically, the lesions also had ill-defined borders and were composed of benign reactive liver parenchyma. Central vein thrombi were seen in 5 cases, and portal vein thrombi, in 2 cases. These vascular changes were associated reactive parenchymal changes including sinusoidal dilation, patchy bile ductular proliferation, and portal vein abnormalities. All lesions lacked the histological findings of hepatic adenomas, focal nodular hyperplasia, or other known tumors and pseudotumors of the liver. In summary, this study provides a detailed description of a new pseudotumor of the liver: a reactive, hyperplastic mass–like lesion that forms in association with localized vascular thrombi, for which we propose the term regenerative hepatic pseudotumor. This lesion can closely mimic other benign or malignant hepatic tumors on imaging and histology.
The Development and Implementation of a Novel Electronic Consult System by a Laboratory Medicine Service: Experience From the First 2 Years of Use.

Context.— A novel electronic consult (e-consult) system for a pathology and laboratory medicine service (PLMS) was implemented in 2015 at a high-complexity Veterans Administration health care facility. Consults were previously made through direct provider communication without documentation in the medical record. Objective.— To evaluate the utilization trends of the laboratory e-consult system at the Department of Veterans Affairs Connecticut facility during the first 2 years since inception. Design.— E-consultation involves pathology and laboratory medicine resident review followed by attending pathologist review and cosignature. E-consults to the pathology and laboratory medicine service from 2015 to 2017 were reviewed to record type of consult, requesting department, patient location, and turnaround time. Results.— The pathology and laboratory medicine service received 351 e-consults from 2015 to 2017. The volume varied by subsection: hematology and coagulation (215 of 351; 61%), chemistry (109 of 351; 31%), blood bank (19 of 351; 6%), and microbiology/virology (8 of 351; 2%). Hematology and coagulation consults were entirely for peripheral blood smear review (215 of 215; 100%). Chemistry consults were placed for toxicology/drugs of abuse (81 of 109; 74%), test utilization (17 of 109; 16%), or nontoxicology (11 of 109; 10%). Three services placed the majority of consults: primary care (279 of 351; 80%), hematology/oncology (39 of 351; 11%), and psychiatry (27 of 351; 8%). The median turnaround time for completion of e-consults was 1.2 days. Since e-consult implementation, the mean number of consults increased from 8.6/mo in 2015 to 18.1/mo in 2017, peaking in the last quarter of analysis in 2017 with a mean of 25.3 consults/mo. Conclusions.— This novel e-consult system improved accessibility to and documentation of answers to laboratory questions and increased the visibility of the pathology and laboratory medicine service. Future goals include development of outcomes-based measures to better assess the clinical impact of e-consults.
Rapid assessment of platinum disk ultramicroelectrodes' sealing quality by a cyclic voltammetry approach.

Here, we investigated the sealing quality between a microwire disk and the surrounding glass sheath of platinum disk ultramicroelectrodes (UMEs) using outer-sphere (ferrocene methanol, FcMeOH, oxidation) and inner-sphere electrochemical reactions (hydrogen underpotential deposition (HUPD) and the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER)) by the cyclic voltammetry (CV) approach. The tilt aspect in the CV curves is ascribed to the leakage of the electrolyte solution between the microelectrode wire and the glass sheath, causing an iR drop which shows the resistive nature of CV. The resistive nature of CV was analyzed by performing the HER using both poorly and well-sealed disk UMEs. Scan rate dependent double-layer capacitance (Cdl) data confirm the leak between a glass–wire interface in the UMEs. Further, we showed a quantitative treatment for the sealing assessment using analytical expressions. Overall, we demonstrate a rapid check procedure of the sealing quality in fabricating Pt disk UMEs. The simple procedure presented in this work can be used to evaluate the sealing quality of other types of micro/nanoelectrodes during their fabrication.
Project Kiddum: Early Intervention in a Health Care Setting.

In spite of extensive efforts to close educational gaps in Israel's immigrant populations , large differences in educational attainment still exist among different groups. Based on indications that enrichment programs should begin early in the life of the child and should involve the parents as primary teachers, the Kid dum Project of the Jerusalem Public Health Services Department integrates a large scale infant intervention program into ongoing primary preventive mother and child health care provided by the Municipality of Jerusalem to all its citizens. To date, Project Kiddum functions in nine Mother and Child Health Care Centers in culturally deprived areas of the city which serve approximately 42% of the children served by the entire MCHC network. In this article, the Kiddum project and the Mother and Child Health Care Service are described in detail and initial positive results of a short-term evaluation of Kiddum are presented.
Adversarial Data Augmentation via Deformation Statistics

Deep learning models have been successful in computer vision and medical image analysis. However, training these models frequently requires large labeled image sets whose creation is often very time and labor intensive, for example, in the context of 3D segmentations. Approaches capable of training deep segmentation networks with a limited number of labeled samples are therefore highly desirable. Data augmentation or semi-supervised approaches are commonly used to cope with limited labeled training data. However, the augmentation strategies for many existing approaches are either hand-engineered or require computationally demanding searches. To that end, we explore an augmentation strategy which builds statistical deformation models from unlabeled data via principal component analysis and uses the resulting statistical deformation space to augment the labeled training samples. Specifically, we obtain transformations via deep registration models. This allows for an intuitive control over plausible deformation magnitudes via the statistical model and, if combined with an appropriate deformation model, yields spatially regular transformations. To optimally augment a dataset we use an adversarial strategy integrated into our statistical deformation model. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach for the segmentation of knee cartilage from 3D magnetic resonance images. We show favorable performance to state-of-the-art augmentation approaches.
Phonons and excitonic complex in a monolayer semiconductor

The coupling between spin, charge, and lattice degrees of freedom plays an important role in a wide range of fundamental phenomena. Monolayer semiconductor is an emerging platform for studying these coupling effects due to unique spin-valley locking physics for hosting rich excitonic species and reduced screening for strong Coulomb interaction. In this talk, I will present the observation of both symmetry-allowed and -forbidden valley phonons, i.e. phonons with momentum vectors pointing to the corners of Brillouin zone, in a monolayer semiconductor WSe2. We unravel a series of photoluminescence peaks as valley phonon replicas of neutral and charged dark excitons, as well as intrinsic donor bound excitonic states with anomalously long population lifetime (> 5 µs).Our work shows monolayer WSe2 is a prime candidate for studying interactions between spin, pseudospin, and zone-edge phonons.
Sherrington, Charles Scott (1857–1952)

This article has no abstract. Keywords: Sherrington, Charles Scott (central nervous system integrative action ); William Harvey of nervous system
AmphiFoxQ2 , a novel winged helix/forkhead gene, exclusively marks the anterior end of the amphioxus embryo

A full-length FoxQ-related gene (AmphiFoxQ2) was isolated from amphioxus. Expression is first detectable in the animal/anterior hemisphere at the mid blastula stage. The midpoint of this expression domain coincides with the anterior pole of the embryo and is offset dorsally by about 20 degrees from the animal pole. During the gastrula stage, expression is limited to the anterior ectoderm. By the early neurula stage, expression remains in the anterior ectoderm and also appears in the adjacent anterior mesendoderm. By the early larval stages, expression is detectable in the anteriormost ectoderm and in the rostral tip of the notochord. AmphiFoxQ2 is never expressed anywhere except at the anterior tip of amphioxus embryos and larvae. This is the first gene known that exclusively marks the anterior pole of chordate embryos. It may, therefore, play an important role in establishing and/or maintaining the anterior/posterior axis.
A Psychodynamic Approach to Understanding Juvenile Criminality

The psychodynamics of juvenile criminality endows an exciting study. It is an inquiry that embraces the origins and history of psychoanalysis, its various viewpoints and models, inpatient and outpatient intervention modalities, and the nuances of doing psychotherapy. It touches too on compelling social and philosophical issues, and resurrects important questions about etiology and responsibility.
Knock-in mice harboring a Ca2+ desensitizing mutation in cardiac troponin C develop early onset dilated cardiomyopathy

The physiological consequences of aberrant Ca(2+) binding and exchange with cardiac myofilaments are not clearly understood. In order to examine the effect of decreasing Ca(2+) sensitivity of cTnC on cardiac function, we generated knock-in mice carrying a D73N mutation (not known to be associated with heart disease in human patients) in cTnC. The D73N mutation was engineered into the regulatory N-domain of cTnC in order to reduce Ca(2+) sensitivity of reconstituted thin filaments by increasing the rate of Ca(2+) dissociation. In addition, the D73N mutation drastically blunted the extent of Ca(2+) desensitization of reconstituted thin filaments induced by cTnI pseudo-phosphorylation. Compared to wild-type mice, heterozygous knock-in mice carrying the D73N mutation exhibited a substantially decreased Ca(2+) sensitivity of force development in skinned ventricular trabeculae. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis revealed that median survival time for knock-in mice was 12 weeks. Echocardiographic analysis revealed that knock-in mice exhibited increased left ventricular dimensions with thinner walls. Echocardiographic analysis also revealed that measures of systolic function, such as ejection fraction (EF) and fractional shortening (FS), were dramatically reduced in knock-in mice. In addition, knock-in mice displayed electrophysiological abnormalities, namely prolonged QRS and QT intervals. Furthermore, ventricular myocytes isolated from knock-in mice did not respond to β-adrenergic stimulation. Thus, knock-in mice developed pathological features similar to those observed in human patients with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). In conclusion, our results suggest that decreasing Ca(2+) sensitivity of the regulatory N-domain of cTnC is sufficient to trigger the development of DCM.
Nuclear bodies: A component of cell nuclei in hamster tissues and human tumors

Nuclear bodies which are seen as 1–1.5 μ large, fibrous whorls in some cell nuclei have been recorded in the present study in cells from a number of human tumors; lymph nodes, bone marrow and spleen of patients with leukemia and Hodgkin's disease; neurons in Dawson's subacute sclerosing leukoencephalitis; renal tubular cells in cytomegalic inclusion disease; and in cells from choroid plexus in two normal infants. In this study, large nuclear bodies were seen most frequently in the reticuloendothelial cells of thymus, lymph nodes, and spleen of hamsters carrying intraperitoneal transplants of human leukemic lymphoblasts. In many cases, interchromatinic granules and small masses of chromatin are seen associated with the fibrous nuclear bodies. On the basis of some preliminary histochemical staining and enzyme extractions, it appears probable that the fibrous nuclear bodies do not contain any DNA or RNA but may have proteins in their structure.
Therapy for acute myeloid leukemia: intensive timing of induction chemotherapy.

Children’s Cancer Group (CCG) study 2891 for children with previously untreated acute myeloid leukemia enrolled more than 1200 patients between 1989 and 1995. This study showed that increased dose intensity during induction therapy improved survival for all patients except those with Down syndrome, where it proved harmful. Although increased dose intensity improved survival, it did not improve remission induction rate, indicating that the quality of remissions varies. This finding complicates the evaluation of postremission therapy options, which CCG 2891 also evaluated. Survival with related-donor allogeneic bone marrow transplantation was superior to survival with both purged autologous bone marrow transplantation and a more standard chemotherapy consolidation, whereas survival for autologous transplantation and chemotherapy was equivalent.
Counter-ion binding by bile acid solutions.

The binding of Ca2+ to micelles of glycine and taurine bile acid conjugates was studied using a Ca2+−-specific electrode. An investigation of the effect of buffer concentration, pH, added electrolyte and lecithin was also performed. The results indicate that the binding of Ca2+ to bile salt micelles is dependent on the number of hydroxyl groups on the steroid nucleus and on the nature of the head conjugating group, namely, glycine or taurine. It is speculated that the binding of Ca2+ to bile salt micelles may act as one mechanism to lower Ca2+ activity in bile and, thus, reduce its tendency to precipitate as insoluble calcium salts and further growth into gallstones.
Temperature dependence of the cyclotron effective mass in antimony

Abstract The change in the cyclotron effective mass in Sb has been measured at several temperatures between 2.24°K and 7.5°K. The effective mass is found to change by less than 0.5% over this range.
Regularization dependence of the lattice Higgs-boson mass bound.

We numerically study the regularization dependence of the upper bound on the Higgs-particle mass M/sub H/(phys) by varying the lattice type and interaction. Computing f/sub ..pi../ and lambda/sub r/ where the scalar mass is approx.1, we find the bound M/sub H/(phys)<620 GeV. However, there is a small but systematic increase in the bound as the coordination number of the lattice increases. Hence, it is not meaningful to quote error estimates on such bounds.
Decreased β-adrenergic responsiveness in mouse epidermal papillomas during tumor promotion with phorbol myristate acetate

Abstract The response to the β-adrenergic agonist (−)-isoproterenol in mouse epidermis and in papillomas arising during tumor promotion with phorbol myristate acetate was determined by measurement of cyclic AMP levels after in vivo administration of (−)-isoproterenol. Papillomas exhibited less than half the hormonal responsiveness found in epidermis from control groups or from papilloma-bearing animals. No difference in the incorporation of labelled (−)-isoproterenol into epidermal or papilloma tissue was seen.
The legacy of INTERPOL crime data to cross-national criminology

INTERPOL crime data constitute the oldest and most continuous cross‐national data series available to criminologists. Recently, INTERPOL has decided to forego its data collection efforts. This pape...