cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quality Measurement as a Prerequisite for Improving Hypertension Control in an Academic Medical Center

Background: Quality of care provided by the outpatient hypertension unit of a general hospital was measured using quality indicators (QIs) derived from guidelines. Hypothesis: Measuring provided quality of care is an important step for improving it. Methods: We enrolled 1206 patients with hypertension, 626 men and 580 women, with a mean age of 55.33 ± 12.08 years. Median follow-up was 47 months (minimum: 6 months, maximum: 349 months, interquartile range). We calculated the percentage of patients who achieved the targets of controlling blood pressure (BP), total cholesterol, low- and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, triglycerides, glucose, uric acid, potassium, sodium, creatinine clearance, Sokolow-Lyon index, and left ventricle hypertrophy in echo between the first and the last visit. Patient satisfaction and the incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke were evaluated as outcome indicators. Results: The BP was controlled in 40% of patients at the end of the study, compared with 11% at the first visit. We did not manage to achieve significant improvement for other QIs. A wide range of hypertensive patients and lack of a quality improvement program are the main reasons for low control rate. During follow-up, we obtained the increased incidence of cardiovascular events by outcome indicators such as CAD, MI, and stroke. Conclusions: Quality measurement shows us that the quality of provided care needs further improvement. Although we succeeded in controlling BP in 40% of patients, we did not manage to improve the other QIs. Modifying our structure and process components, we are working on improving outcome by achieving better control of QIs. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The authors have no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
Do anticoagulation management services improve care? Implications of the Managing Anticoagulation Services Trial.

An Anticoagulation Clinic Service (ACS) has been proposed as one strategy for improving warfarin treatment for patients with atrial fibrillation. In the Managing Anticoagulation Services Trial (MAST), ACSs meeting specifications for high quality care were established in six managed care organizations (MCOs) which had the patients and resources to support this initiative. The trial followed 1165 patients age ≥65 years who had atrial fibrillation as the primary reason for anticoagulation and were enrolled in a participating MCO. The 593 patients in the intervention group saw physicians in a practice cluster which had randomly been assigned to have access to an ACS. These physicians used the ACS on average for about 48% of eligible patients. The 572 patients in the control group received care from physicians in a practice cluster which could not refer patients to the ACS established for the trial but was otherwise unrestricted. The two clusters were compared on the proportion of time warfarin-treated patients were in the target range (2–3) prothrombin time-international normalized ratio (INR) during a 9-month baseline and a 9-month follow-up period. Among patients (n = 264) for whom data were available for both periods, the changes in percentages of time in the target range were similar in the intervention cluster (baseline: 47.7%; follow-up 55.6%) and in the control cluster (baseline: 49.1%; follow-up: 52.3%; intervention effect: 5%; 95% confidence interval: −5% to 14%; P = 0.32). In both practice clusters, patients had subtherapeutic INR values (1.5 to 1.99) about one fourth of the time. Providing an ACS in a managed care setting did not appear to improve anticoagulation care over the usual care provided at the sites in this trial but could be a reasonable consideration in a practice setting where time in target range is less than 50%. A higher rate of utilization and a more aggressive stance toward subtherapeutic INR values could potentially enhance the effectiveness of an ACS.
Jet Flavor Tomography of Quark Gluon Plasmas at RHIC and LHC

A new Monte Carlo model of jet quenching in nuclear collisions, CUJET1.0, is applied to predict the jet flavor dependence of the nuclear modification factor for fragments $f=\ensuremath{\pi},D,B,{e}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ from quenched jet flavors $g,u,c,b$ in central collisions at RHIC and LHC. The nuclear modification factors for different flavors are predicted to exhibit a novel level crossing pattern over a transverse momentum range $5l{p}_{T}l100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{GeV}$ which can test jet-medium dynamics in quark gluon plasmas.
Impact of aging on the clinical outcomes of Japanese patients with coronary artery disease after percutaneous coronary intervention

Japan has become an aging society, resulting in an increased prevalence of coronary artery disease. However, clinical outcomes of elderly Japanese patients after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remain unclear. Of the 15,227 patients in the Shinken Database, a single-hospital-based cohort of new patients, 1,214 patients who underwent PCI, was evaluated to determine the differences in clinical outcomes between the elderly (≥75 years) (n = 260) and the non-elderly (<75 years) (n = 954) patients. A major adverse cardiac event (MACE) was defined as a composite end point, including all-cause death, myocardial infarction (MI), and target lesion revascularization. Male gender and obesity were less common, and the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was significantly lower in the elderly than in the non-elderly. Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was comparable between these groups. Left main trunk disease and multivessel disease were more common in the elderly than in the non-elderly group. Occurrence of MACE was frequent, and the incidences of all-cause death, cardiac death, and the admission rate for heart failure were significantly higher in the elderly patients. Multivariate analysis showed that prior MI, low eGFR, and poor LVEF were independent predictors for all-cause death in the elderly patients. Elderly patients had worse clinical outcomes than the non-elderly patients. Low eGFR and LVEF were independent predictors of all-cause death after PCI, suggesting that left ventricular dysfunction and renal dysfunction might synergistically contribute to the adverse clinical outcomes of the elderly patients undergoing PCI.
Polynomial circuit models for component matching in high-level synthesis

Design reuse requires engineers to determine whether or not an existing block implements desired functionality. If a common high-level circuit model is used to represent components that are described at multiple levels of abstraction, comparisons between circuit specifications and a library of potential implementations can be performed accurately and quickly. A mechanism is presented for compactly specifying circuit functionality as polynomials at the word level. Polynomials can be used to represent circuits that are described at the bit level or arithmetically. Furthermore, in representing components as polynomials, differences in precision between potential implementations can be detected and quantified. We present a mechanism for constructing polynomial models for combinational and sequential circuits. Furthermore, we derive a means of approximating the functionality of nonpolynomial functions and determining a bound on the error of this approximation. These methods have been implemented in the POLYSYS synthesis tool and used to synthesize a JPEG encode block and infinite impulse response filter from a library of complex elements.
Paying the Price: GAAP to the Rescue

(1991). Paying the Price: GAAP to the Rescue. Journal of Arts Management and Law: Vol. 20, No. 4, pp. 71-78.
A preliminary model for lot sizing In semiconductor manufacturing

In this paper, we develop a preliminary math­ ematical model for determining lot sizes for a single product which has several quality levels. The qual­ ity level of each unit is determined ("binned") by testing the product after it is produced. Binning based on performance after production is common in several industries, but the application which motivated the model developed here is semicon­ ductor manufacture. A typical example is a micro­ processor that operates at one of several different speeds. Specifically, consider the 80486 micro­ processor developed by Intel Corporation of Santa Clara, California. {The 486 chip is currently the processor of choice for IBM compatible personal computers). At the current time, the 486 operates at three speeds: 25,33 and 50 MHz. The production process is exactly the same in each case. After the chip is produced, it is tested and binned based on its performance. The issue that we address in this paper is to determine the value of the lot size (x) so that we are guaranteed with specified probabilities that the de­ mands for the various grades of product are satis­ fied. We also assume, as is often done for problems of this type, that we may substitute higher quality products for ones of lower quality, but not vice versa. While several related studies have addressed similar issues in more general settings, our ap­ proach will yield a solution which is easy to com­ pute and easy to implement.
Evaluation of Diagnostic Audiometric Tests

Five diagnostic audiometric procedures - acoustic reflexes, performance-intensity functions for monosyllabic (phonetically balanced) words, Bekesy audiometry, Bekesy comfortable loudness audiometry and suprathreshold adaptation test - were critically evaluated by decision matrix analysis and information theory analysis. The subjects were 20 patients with surgically confirmed eighth nerve disorders and 20 patients with presumed cochlear disorders. Each patient completed all test procedures. In terms of decision matrix analysis, sensitivity (correct identification of eighth nerve site) ranged from 45 to 85%. Specificity (correct rejection of patients with cochlear site) ranged from 70 to 100%. Predictive value ranged from 74 to 100% for positive results and from 62 to 82% for negative results. The efficiency of the five tests ranged from 68 to 78%. In terms of information theory, positive test results increased the probability of eighth nerve disorder in any subject from 50% (a priori) to 74-100%. Negative test results decreased the probability of eighth nerve disorder from 50% to 18-38%. Relative differences among the diagnostic effectiveness of the five individual test procedures were not pronounced. However, the suprathreshold adaptation test (results confined to 500, 1 000 and 2 000 Hz) was less efficient than the other four diagnostic techniques.
Lunar Ranging Experiment Ephemerides and the Reduction of Observations (summary only)

The generation of a lunar laser ranging ephemeris uses numerical integrations of the lunar orbit and physical librations and a data fitting procedure. The relativistic equations of motion for the nine planets and the Moon are simultaneously integrated with perturbations on the lunar orbit from zonal harmonics of the Earth through degree four, lunar tesseral harmonics through degree and order three, and a tidal bulge on the Earth. The integration of the lunar rotation follows from the torques of the Earth and Sun on a solid body Moon with gravitational harmonics through degree and order three. The fitting program utilizes the integrations of the orbit and physical librations, nominal values of U.T. 1 and polar motion from the Bureau International de l’Heure, and includes corrections for atmospheric delays, nutations of the Earth’s pole taken to the body axis, solid body Earth tides, monthly and bimonthly tidal corrections in U. T. 1, and relativistic clock transformations. Not only do the fits give new starting conditions for the orbit and libration integrations but improved observatory and retroreflector coordinates, the mass ratio Sun/(Earth + Moon), and harmonics of the lunar gravity field.
The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser effectively treats tattoos : a controlled, dose-response study

Background and Design: The Q-switched ruby laser was recently shown to remove tattoos without scarring. The Q-switched neodymium: yttrium aluminum garnet (Nd:YAG) laser, which targets black ink with a longer wavelength that has less absorption by melanin, should effectively treat tattoos with fewer pigmentary alterations. A prospective, blinded, controlled study was conducted to assess the ability of the Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm, 10 ns, 5 Hz) to remove tattoos. Twenty-five patients with 39 blue-black or multicolored tattoos (14 previously untreated, 25 Q-switched ruby laser-resistant) were exposed in randomly derived quadrants with 6, 8, 10, or 12 J/cm 2 at 3 to 4 week intervals for a total of four treatment sessions. Results: An excellent response (>75% ink removal) was seen in 77% of the black tattoos and more than 95% of the black ink cleared in 11 (28%) of 39 tattoos at 10 to 12 J/cm 2 after four treatment sessions. Colored inks were not as effectively removed. Response was related to fluence with greatest improvement noted in the quadrants treated with 10 and 12 J/cm 2 . No significant side effects, including pigmentary changes or scarring, were noted. Histopathologic examination demonstrated persistence of tattoo ink in clinically clear areas and confirmed the absence of fibrosis and granulomatous changes. Conclusion: The Q-switched Nd:YAG laser (1064 nm) effectively treats black tattoos with an excellent cosmetic outcome. Bright colors were minimally responsive to treatment. Higher doses were more effective and equally well tolerated. ( Arch Dermatol. 1993;129:971-978)
Impact of Positive Interdependence and Academic Group Contingencies on Achievement

Abstract The effects of positive goal interdependence and positive goal and positive reward interdependence on achievement were investigated. The control group (n = 26) consisted of American students in a 10th-grade social studies class, and the experimental group (n = 28) consisted of American students in a 10th-grade social studies class that included four academically disabled and isolated 10th-grade students (3 male and 1 female). The results indicated that cooperation promotes higher achievement than competition does, and that both positive goal and reward interdependence are needed to maximize student achievement.
The Number of Divergent Purging Behaviors Is Associated With Histories of Trauma, PTSD, and Comorbidity in a National Sample of Women

The number of different types of purging behaviors (NPB) of subjects with bulimia nervosa (BN) has been associated with greater severity of illness and psychiatric comorbidity. No studies have examined the association between the NPB used (vomiting, laxative abuse, diuretic abuse), histories of trauma, and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). A national, representative sample of 3,006 adult women (≥18 years) completed a structured telephone interview including screenings for victimization experiences, PTSD, BN, major depression (MD), alcohol abuse (AA), and alcohol dependence (AD). Significant relationships were found between the NPB used and lifetime rates of victimization, PTSD, MD, AA, AD, and total comorbid disorders (p ≤ .001, χ2).
Mass Recalibration of FT-ICR Mass Spectrometry Imaging Data Using the Average Frequency Shift of Ambient Ions

Achieving and maintaining high mass measurement accuracy (MMA) throughout a mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) experiment is vital to the identification of the observed ions. However, when using FTMS instruments, fluctuations in the total ion abundance at each pixel due to inherent biological variation in the tissue section can introduce space charge effects that systematically shift the observed mass. Herein we apply a recalibration based on the observed cyclotron frequency shift of ions found in the ambient laboratory environment, polydimethylcyclosiloxanes (PDMS). This calibration method is capable of achieving part per billion (ppb) mass accuracy with relatively high precision for an infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) MSI dataset. Comparisons with previously published mass calibration approaches are also presented.
The Cyclic AMP Response Element Directs Tyrosine Hydroxylase Expression in Catecholaminergic Central and Peripheral Nervous System Cell Lines from Transgenic Mice

Enhancer elements regulating the neuronal gene, tyrosine hydroxylase (TH), were identified in TH-expressing peripheral nervous system PATH and central nervous system CATH cell lines. Mutational analysis in which rat TH 5′-flanking sequences directed chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) reporter gene expression demonstrated that mutating the cyclic AMP response element (CRE) at −45 base pair reduced expression by 80-90%. A CRE linked to an enhancerless TH promoter fully supported expression. Cotransfection of a dominant-negative CREB protein reduced expression 50-60%, suggesting that the CRE is bound by CREB or a CREB dimerization partner. Although mutating the AP1/dyad (AD) element at −205 base pair only modestly reduced CAT levels, AD minimal enhancer constructs gave 45-80% of wild type expression when positioned at −91 or −95. However, in its native context at −205, the AD could not support expression. In contrast, a CRE, moved from its normal position at −45 to −206, gave full activity. These results indicate that the CRE is critical for TH transcription in central nervous system CATH and peripheral nervous system PATH cells, whereas the AD is less important and its enhancer activity is context- and/or position-dependent. These results represent the first attempts to map regulatory elements directing TH expression in central nervous system cell lines.
Ionic currents in normal and neurofibromatosis type 1‐affected human Schwann cells: Induction of tumor cell K current in normal Schwann cells by cyclic AMP

Comparisons were made of whole cell voltage clamp recordings from cultures of normal Schwann cells (SC) from three human subjects and from three neurofibrosarcoma cell lines. The whole cell K+ (K) currents of normal and tumor cells could be divided into three types based on voltage activation range, pharmacology, and macroscopic inactivation: A type current, tetraethylammonium- (TEA-) only-sensitive current, and inward rectifier current. The most conspicuous difference between normal and tumor cells was the nature of K currents present. Normal SC K currents were inactivating, A type currents blocked by extracellular 4-aminopyridine (4-AP; 5 mM). The whole cell K currents of tumor cells were noninactivating due to the presence of non-inactivating A current, or non-inactivating, TEA-only sensitive current, or both, despite the presence of inactivating A current in some tumor cells. TEA-only-sensitive currents, which were 4-AP-insensitive and noninactivating, were common in all three tumor cell lines, but were not observed in normal SC. Inward rectifier K currents were a conspicuous feature of two of the tumor cells lines but were rarely observed in whole cell recordings of normal SC. The properties of Na+ currents recorded in both normal and tumor cells were not significantly different. Treatment of normal SC with a membrane-permeant analog of cyclic AMP (cAMP) resulted in functional expression of the TEA-only-sensitive K currents typical of tumor cells. These results establish the abnormal ion channel profile of neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1)-tumor cells and suggest (Guo et al.: Science 276:795-798, 1997) that regulation of ionic currents by second messengers may involve the NF1 gene.
Instructional Support in the Changing Library Environment

Abstract As the needs of library users change, libraries also change to meet those needs. Libraries are seeing increased demands for access to resources and services from off-campus users. The traditional library roles for instructional support are likewise being challenged to keep pace with the changing needs of the students. Librarians at Southern Illinois University, Carbondale (SIUC) have faced these challenges in a variety of ways, from interdepartmental partnerships and reassignment of personnel to redesign of services. Instructional Support Services, housed in Morris Library, has historically provided technology support to campus faculty for the delivery of quality instruction. As use of the World Wide Web increased, the library hired a librarian to develop web-based and multimedia projects for the library and for university courses. The recent appointment of two half-time reference librarian positions focusing on web and multimedia development also enhanced access to existing electronic resources ...
Coupled thermostatic constitutive relations for solid-phase mixtures

Abstract Fully coupled constitutive relations for the mixture stress, chemical potentials, and mixture entropy of an isotropic, linear-thermoelastic, non-porous, solid-phase mixture in thermodynamic equilibrium were developed for use in continuum modeling of coupled phenomena. The results were obtained by matching state variable dependent coefficients of a polynomial expansion in the strain for the specific free-energy with classical constitutive relations for linear thermoelastic solids and dilute/ideal chemical mixtures. Maxwell reciprocity and material isotropy conditions were used to simplify the coefficients prior to their identification with classical parameters. Relations between the “isochemical/thermal” and “isochemical/entropic” constitutive parameters were obtained and experiments for quantifying the constitutive parameters described.
Invariance of stresses under a change in elastic compliances

A recent discovery by Cherkaev, Lurie and Milton shows that, in plane elasticity involving a material with varying compliances, it is possible to keep the stress state the same by compensating for a constant shift in the bulk compliance with the opposite shift in the shear compliance. The present article demonstrates that, depending on the connectivity of the domain and some side conditions, the stress state may also be invariant upon a linear shift in the elastic compliances. Discontinuous compliances, such as encountered in composite materials, and various interface conditions, as well as global compatibility are discussed in detail.
Cotton embryogenesis: The zygote

The zygote of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) remains undivided for approximately $$2{\mathbf{\raise.5ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 1$}\kern-.1em/ \kern-.15em\lower.25ex\hbox{$\scriptstyle 2$} }}$$ days following fertilization. The changes which occur during this period can be divided into two stages. During stage 1 the zygote decreases in volume so that its volume becomes one half that of the egg. Correlated with this change a number of alterations occur in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) numerous enlargements form; it becomes closely associated with the plasma membrane; and an internal network of tubes appears in it. The plastids and mitochondria become grouped around the zygote nucleus. The ribosomes form large, helical polysomes which are arranged as shells around the plastids and mitochondria. Starch accumulation and wall formation over the chalazal end of the cell, which begins during the end of stage 1, continues during stage 2. A new set of ribosomes appear in the cytoplasm. These either remain single, or aggregate into small polysomes. The large, helical polysomes of stage 1 persist. Ultimately the zygote becomes a highly polarized cell, rich in starch, surrounded by a wall, filled with a tube containing ER, and two types of polysomes, one composed of ribosomes present in the egg and the other of ribosomes produced by the zygote nucleus.
Pathways to Chlorinated Dibenzodioxins and Dibenzofurans from Partial Oxidation of Chlorinated Aromatics by OH Radical: Thermodynamic and Kinetic Insights

Abstract Polychlorinated-dibenzodioxins (PCDD's) and polychloro-dibenzofurans (PCDF's) are considered to be formed in combustion environments below 600°C, where an important reactive species is OH Thermodynamic properties, ▴Hf 0 (298 K), S 0 (298 K) and Cp(T) are calculated in this study for selected poly-chlorinated biphenyls (PCB's), dibenzofurans (PCDF), dibenzodioxins (PCDD) and corresponding radical intermediates resulting from hydroxyl radical addition reactions. These thermodynamic properties are combined with thermochemical kinetic analysis and are used to examine potentially important pathways to homogeneous PCDD and PCDF formation. Analysis of the reaction pathways show several likely routes to formation of chlorinated PCDF's and PCDD's involving unimolecular HCl elimination or loss of Cl, which occur following hydroxy radical addition at Cb-Cl sites. Equilibrium constants for these reactions are calculated using the estimated thermodynamic properties, and strongly favor formation of the PCDD an...
International Comparisons of Cattle Cycles

The time-series properties of cattle production in three countries with different technologies, Argentina, the United States, and Uruguay, are studied in order to shed light on the role of technology in the dynamics of the cattle sector. Four series are analyzed for each country, slaughter, price, stock of cows, and total herd. Spectral decomposition of the time series shows the existence of cycles having surprising regularity for all the four time series. The three countries exhibit very similar cyclicities in spite of their different technologies and economic environment.
Components of moribund American elm trees as attractants to elm bark beetles,Hylurgopinus rufipes and Scolytus multistriatus.

Hylurgopinus rufipes male and female beetles were attracted to American elms infected with Dutch elm disease, and to American elms killed by injection of cacodylic acid.H. rufipes was also attracted to solvent extracts of elm, or to Porapak Q-trapped volatiles from elm. The major components of attractive fractions of Porapak Q-trapped volatiles were isolated, identified, and tested in field bioassays. Several artificially compounded mixtures of sesquiterpenes were attractive toH. rufipes, although no bait tested was as attractive as diseased tree controls. Laboratory bioassays with H. rufipes were marginally successful. In laboratory bioassays, nine of 14 sequiterpenes identified from active fractions of Porapak extracts elicited significant response from Scolytus multistriatus male and female beetles: δ- and γ-cadinene, α-cubebene, γ-muurolene, and β-elemene were most active. However, in field tests, none of the sesquiterpenes alone or in combination significantly attracted S. multistriatus, nor did they significantly enhance the attraction of S. multistriatus to female-produced pheromone components (4-methyl-3-heptanol [H] and α-multistriatin [M]). In other field tests, α-cubebene (C) significantly enhanced response of S. multistriatus to H plus M, but foliage, logs, or chips of healthy elm did not enhance trap catch to HMC.
A fresh look at industry and market analysis

Abstract Today's strange, new business world needs an augmented model of industry and market analysis that reflects recent developments in industry dynamics, such as globalization, entrepreneurship, technological advances, and the Internet. Here we present such an updated model, built on and expanding the basic premises that underlie Porter's Five Competitive Forces Model. And we offer suggestions for how managers can position their businesses for success in the current competitive environment.
Impact of product-related factors on immunogenicity of biotherapeutics

All protein therapeutics have the potential to be immunogenic. Several factors, including patient characteristics, disease state, and the therapy itself, influence the generation of an immune response. Product-related factors such as the molecule design, the expression system, post-translational modifications, impurities, contaminants, formulation and excipients, container, closure, as well as degradation products are all implicated. However, a critical examination of the available data shows that clear unequivocal evidence for the impact of these latter factors on clinical immunogenicity is lacking. No report could be found that clearly deconvolutes the clinical impact of the product attributes on patient susceptibility. Aggregation carries the greatest concern as a risk factor for immunogenicity, but the impact of aggregates is likely to depend on their structure as well as on the functionality (e.g., immunostimulatory or immunomodulatory) of the therapeutic. Preclinical studies are not yet capable of assessing the clinically relevant immunogenicity potential of these product-related factors. Simply addressing these risk factors as part of product development will not eliminate immunogenicity. Minimization of immunogenicity has to begin at the molecule design stage by reducing or eliminating antigenic epitopes and building in favorable physical and chemical properties.
Investigation of the nonlinear optical response from arrays of Au bowtie nanoantennas

ABSTRACT We demonstrate that the optical response of a single Au bowtie nano-antenna (BNA) can be favorably modiedto increase the local intensity by a factor of 10 3 in the feed gap region when a periodic array of BNAs are used.We use the periodicity of the arrays as an additional degree of freedom in manipulating the optical response andinvestigate the behavior of the resultant nonlinear emission, which include second harmonic generation (SHG),two-photon photoluminescence (TPPL), and an additional photoluminescence that cannot be attributed to asingle multiphoton process. We discuss the eects of the array with respect to the nonlinear emission and also ndthat the considerable eld enhancement of our antenna system leads to a broadband continuum whose spectralresponse is highly controllable. Resonantly excited arrays of BNAs were seen to exhibit a remarkably uniformemission over 250 nm of the visible spectrum. In addition, our analysis suggests that high eld enhancements,as well as resonance matching, may not be the only preconditions for enhanced nonlinear emission. To ourknowledge, this is the rst report of implementing optical antennas in an array to favorably augment its opticalresponse.Keywords: Nonlinear optics, continuum generation, nanoantenna, plasmonic nanostructures, eld enhance-ment.
Cigarette Smoking, Physical Activity, and the Health Status of College Students

Research has supported a negative correlation between cigarette smoking and exercise; however, the temporal nature of this association is not obvious. We modeled the relationships among smoking, exercise, and self-perceived health over time, within a college population. We collected 5 waves of data from 1,023 undergraduate students over a 14-month period. The results verified that smoking and exercise each made independent contributions in the prediction of health. Smoking was associated with reduced exercise over time, while no evidence was found for the reverse relationship. Our final mediation model demonstrates that smoking is related to poorer self-perceived health, and that this effect is partially mediated by the fact that smokers are less likely to engage in exercise.
Self-Assembling Protein Arrays Using Electronic Semiconductor Microchips and in Vitro Translation

Protein arrays will greatly accelerate research and development in medical and biological sciences. We have used cell-free protein biosynthesis and a parallel immobilization strategy for producing protein biochips. We demonstrate a model two-protein microarray using luciferase and green fluorescent protein, both expressed in a cell-free system and specifically immobilized on CombiMatrix semiconductor oligonucleotide microarrays. This demonstration provides evidence for the appropriate folding, activity, robust presentation, and efficient flexible detection of proteins on the microscale.
A STUDY OF THE ANTIGENICITY OF T3 AND T4 COLI-DYSENTERY BACTERIOPHAGES DURING THE VEGETATIVE STAGE OF DEVELOPMENT

The development of viral neutralizing antibodies in animals injected with T(3) or T(4) phage is considerably inhibited by the presence of bacterial antigens. A new procedure has been described to liberate phage from infected E. coli B bacteria by inducing lysis with penicillin. By immunological means it has been shown that T(4)-infected cultures of E. coli B, in which phage development has been inhibited with proflavine, contain the viral neutralizing antigen after lysis. In contrast, it has not been possible to demonstrate by immunological means the appearance of viral neutralizing antigen in E. coli B infected with T(3) prior to the appearance of intracellular phage.
Microcomputer-based simulator of the 12-lead electrocardiogram

The authors have developed a 12-lead simulator which can be used as a standard signal generator for testing ECG (electrocardiogram) analysis systems. The simulated waveforms, which are based on the Minnesota codes, are realistic-looking ECGs. With this simulator it is possible to choose from any one of about 100 Minnesota codes. Through an interactive interface, one can set the heart rate (20 to 300 beat/min) and baseline drift (0 to 0.5 mV/s) and add random noise or 60-Hz interference (ratio of noise to signal: 0 to 1). Since most of the samples for coding are from typical clinical ECG findings, the simulated 12-lead ECGs not only meet the Minnesota code criteria, but also mimic clinical ECGs very well. It is possible to display all twelve leads on the screen, each six seconds long, or to direct the analog signals of any two selected leads through the output of a D/A (digital-to-analog) converter interface card at sampling speeds from 100 to 500 sample/s in steps of 100 sample/s. By using special procedures for floating-point operations and interpolation of data points, the simulation of a 12-lead ECG is almost instantaneous. >
COMBINATORICS AND VARIETY OF MATING-TYPE SYSTEMS.

Les differents systemes de croisement chez les fungi, les cilies, les plantes a fleur, etudie sous forme d'analyse combinatoire afin de determiner le nombre de combinaisons possibles de types de systemes de reproduction
Thermal Management for 6-Cylinder HCCI Engine: Low Cost, High Efficiency, Ultra-Low NOx Power Generation

This paper investigates a purely thermal control system for a 6-cylinder HCCI engine. Thermal energy from exhaust gas and from compression is used to condition the charge for the desired engine output. HCCI engine operation is analyzed with a detailed chemical kinetics based engine cycle simulation code. This cycle simulation code is linked to an optimizer that determines the operating conditions that result in maximum brake thermal efficiency, while meeting the restrictions of low NOx , and peak cylinder pressure. The results show the values of the operating conditions that yield optimum efficiency as a function of brake power for a constant engine speed (1800 rpm). It has been determined that a thermally controlled HCCI engine can successfully operate at high efficiency and low emissions over a wide range of conditions from idle to full load. The results show that a 42% brake thermal efficiency can be reached while the NOx emissions are kept under 2 parts per million. The analytical results shown here are expected to guide the ongoing experimental effort of converting a heavy-duty stationary engine to HCCI mode. The experimental work has the goal of meeting the very aggressive efficiency and emissions targets set by the California Energy Commission (CEC) Advanced Reciprocating Internal Combustion Engine (ARICE) Program.Copyright © 2004 by ASME
Thrombin stimulates the proliferation of human retinal glial cells

Retinal glial cells may play a role in most of the proliferative retinopathies. Although glial cell proliferation is a frequent event in retinal pathobiology, no specific mitogens for human retinal glial cells are known. Using cultured retinal glial cells obtained from postmortem adult human eyes, we found that thrombin stimulates glial cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner with a half-maximal concentration of 100 ng/ml (0.4 U/ml). Thus, thrombin may be a plasma-derived mitogen capable of stimulating retinal glial cells to proliferate when there is a breakdown of the blood-retinal barrier. We also observed that this proliferative response of retinal glia requires more than 6 h of continuous exposure to thrombin. This finding suggests that a thorough wash-out of a thrombin-containing infusate and/or the rapid inactivation of this molecule would prevent thrombin from exacerbating a proliferative disorder of the retina.
Medical imaging with synchrotron radiation

Abstract The present methods of detecting coronary artery disease before it causes serious heart damage or sudden death are unsatisfactory, because of the insensitivity of the screening tests and excessive risks and costs of the invasive coronary arteriographic technique. A number of other diagnostic approaches have been tried, but none has succeeded to date in providing the needed detailed information about the status of the coronary circulation. The intensity, monochromaticity and tunability of synchrotron radiation are well-suited for iodine K edge dichromographic angiography. In vivo images of the left anterior descending coronary artery of the dog have been recorded using synchrotron X-ray beams in this manner. Beams wide enough to record the image of the entire human heart in a single scanned swath are now under design.
Designing thermal environments to promote convex interface shapes during the vertical Bridgman growth of cadmium zinc telluride

A finite element model for heat transfer, melt convection, and interface position is employed to analyze the role of support materials and ampoule geometry in influencing initial solidification during the vertical Bridgman growth of CdZnTe. Simulations show that the shape of the solid-liquid interface is determined by a delicate balance between axial and radial heat flows and that this balance is controlled during the growth through the cone region of the ampoule by the configuration of the ampoule and support. A design which features an ampoule with a shallow cone sitting upon a composite support made of a highly conducting core and a less conducting outer sheath promotes axial heat transfer while inhibiting radial thermal flow, thus resulting in an interface shape which is convex toward the melt. Such an interface shape may be favorable for increasing process yields and may also facilitate seeded growth. For the system studied here, a hollow core, which acts as a radiation channel to enhance axial heat transfer, is not found to be as effective as a highly conductive core in enabling convex interface shapes.
Mission Life Thermal Analysis and Environment Correlation for the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter

Standard thermal analysis practices include stacking worst-case conditions including environmental heat loads, thermo-optical properties and orbital beta angles. This results in the design being driven by a few bounding thermal cases, although those cases may only represent a very small portion of the actual mission life. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center Thermal Branch developed a procedure to predict the flight temperatures over the entire mission life, assuming a known beta angle progression, variation in the thermal environment, and a degradation rate in the coatings. This was applied to the Global Precipitation Measurement core spacecraft. In order to assess the validity of this process, this work applies the similar process to the Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter. A flight-correlated thermal model was exercised to give predictions of the thermal performance over the mission life. These results were then compared against flight data from the first two years of the spacecraft s use. This is used to validate the process and to suggest possible improvements for future analyses.
Information Literacy and the Marketing Curriculum: A Multidimensional Definition and Practical Application:

To help prepare students for an increasingly knowledge-based economy, developing students' information literacy should be a major objective of the marketing curriculum. Information literacy include...
Genetic Analysis of Resistance and Sensitivity to 2-Deoxyglucose in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Aerobic glycolysis is a metabolic pathway utilized by human cancer cells and also by yeast cells when they ferment glucose to ethanol. Both cancer cells and yeast cells are inhibited by the presence of low concentrations of 2-deoxyglucose (2DG). Genetic screens in yeast used resistance to 2-deoxyglucose to identify a small set of genes that function in regulating glucose metabolism. A recent high throughput screen for 2-deoxyglucose resistance identified a much larger set of seemingly unrelated genes. Here, we demonstrate that these newly identified genes do not in fact confer significant resistance to 2-deoxyglucose. Further, we show that the relative toxicity of 2-deoxyglucose is carbon source dependent, as is the resistance conferred by gene deletions. Snf1 kinase, the AMP-activated protein kinase of yeast, is required for 2-deoxyglucose resistance in cells growing on glucose. Mutations in the SNF1 gene that reduce kinase activity render cells hypersensitive to 2-deoxyglucose, while an activating mutation in SNF1 confers 2-deoxyglucose resistance. Snf1 kinase activated by 2-deoxyglucose does not phosphorylate the Mig1 protein, a known Snf1 substrate during glucose limitation. Thus, different stimuli elicit distinct responses from the Snf1 kinase.
An Empirical Validation of a Theory of Punishment

This study examined whether the traditional classification of penal-orientation—retribution, deterrence, and rehabilitation—would emerge empirically. The study sample consisted of 150 criminal justice functionaries (judges, defense counsel, prosecutors, social workers, and probation officers). Analysis indicated that the hypothesized dimensions of penal-orientation above were not supported. The new dimensions, which were empirically separable and interpretable were “retribution-deters,” “rehabilitation for society,” and “rehabilitation for individual.”
Fear and Loathing in College Classrooms: A Survey of Political Science Department Chairs Regarding Political Bias

Some conservative critics of higher education have asserted that the current generation of American professors, especially those in the social sciences and humanities, are using their classrooms to advance a liberal political agenda. As evidence, they point to surveys of the political leanings of faculty and have accumulated examples of individual professors they allege to have made inflammatory statements veering from standards of academic objectivity and who punish undergraduates for expressing differing points of view. We surveyed political science department chairs at primarily undergraduate institutions to gather their perceptions about the scope of political bias in the classroom and the institutional procedures available to them to deal with student complaints about such practices. Our results indicate that chairs are indeed sensitive to concerns about faculty who cross the line from legitimate political expression to proselytizing in the classroom. By and large, however, they do not believe such a...
Generic Dirichlet polygons and the modular group

The concept of “marked polygon”, made explicit in this paper, is implicit in all studies of the relationships between the edges and vertices of a fundamental polygon for Fuchsian group, as well as in the topology of surfaces. Once the matching of the edges under the action of the group is known, one can deduce purely combinatorially the distribution of the vertices into equivalence classes, or cycles. Knowing a little more, the order of the rotation group fixing a vertex in each cycle, we can write down a presentation for the group.
Caliceal diverticulum in pediatric patients: the spectrum of imaging findings.

Background Caliceal diverticulum (CD) is uncommon in children. As compared to adults, most children with CD are symptomatic. Common complications include stone formation and infection. Correct diagnosis of CD is important for guiding management.
Protecting Sexual Diversity: Rethinking the Use of Neurotechnological Interventions to Alter Sexuality

In this article, I analyze the ethical and social implications of using neurotechnological interventions to alter sexual desires and behaviors. I focus on the psychopharmaceutical interventions that exist or are being developed to treat paraphilias, sex addiction, hypoactive sexual desire disorder, and “marital discord.” I argue that these interventions may simultaneously reflect and reinforce troubling social norms about sexuality and relationality while potentially reducing sexual diversity. Thus, if we wish to use these psychopharmaceuticals, we must think carefully about how to do so without threatening sexual diversity or further marginalizing sexual minorities.
Exploring Fine-Grained Heterogeneity with Composite Cores

Heterogeneous multicore systems—comprising multiple cores with varying performance and energy characteristics—have emerged as a promising approach to increasing energy efficiency. Such systems reduce energy consumption by identifying application phases and migrating execution to the most efficient core that meets performance requirements. However, the overheads of migrating between cores limit opportunities to coarse-grained phases (hundreds of millions of instructions), reducing the potential to exploit energy efficient cores. We propose Composite Cores , an architecture that reduces migration overheads by bringing heterogeneity into a core. Composite Cores pairs a big and little compute $\mu$ Engine that together achieve high performance and energy efficiency. By sharing architectural state between the $\mu$ Engines , the migration overhead is reduced, enabling fine-grained migration and increasing the opportunities to utilize the little $\mu$ Engine without sacrificing performance. An intelligent controller migrates the application between $\mu$ Engines to maximize energy efficiency while constraining performance loss to a configurable bound. We evaluate Composite Cores using cycle accurate microarchitectural simulations and a detailed power model. Results show that, on average, Composite Cores are able to map 30 percent of the execution time to the little $\mu$ Engine , achieving a 21 percent energy savings while maintaining 95 percent performance.
Unintended effects of Program evaluation

Introductory research methods texts regularly include a discussion of the Hawthorne Effect. Students are presented with the story of how unintended effects created by the presence of researchers overshadowed the manipulations controlled by the researchers. However, this discussion is largely absent in the textbooks dealing with program evaluation. Considerable attention is given to controlling the process of generating evaluation results,yet, it seems unlikely that the only effects of evaluation upon a system would result from actions initiated by, and subject to, the direct control of an evaluator. The entrance of outsiders into the Hawthorne Western Electric plant was, in and of itself, an important change in a preexisting system. In much the same way, it seems likely that the presence or existence of program evaluation would exert influence upon a system even if an evaluation report was never prepared. Kirkhart et al. (1979) discuss evaluation in conjunction with a cybernetic or systems orientation toward organizations. They emphasize that evaluation does not take place in a static organizational environment. Instead, organizations are fluid, selfregulatory systems that react to changes. Since the initiation of an evaluation is clearly a change for that system, it would appear likely that the organization may well react to the change in unintended or unnatural ways. Such self-regulatory changes could conceivably either interfere with or aid the evaluator’s task. Therefore, how the mere presence of evaluation influences systems should be a topic of some importance for program evaluators. Despite this possible significance, very little literature addresses how the existence of evaluation changes a system, although some have given thought to the impact of evaluation on program personnel. For example, Thompson and King (1981, p. 17) state, “Presumably evaluation affects the behaviors of program personnel because they know program processes and impacts are being measured. Surprisingly, the results of this type of use have not yet been empirically investigated.” A few evaluators have