cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Training of eccrine sweat glands in paraplegics.

In paraplegics sweating was evaluated both above and below a lesion of the spinal cord. Sweating was measured on the forearm and thigh during both thermal stress or repeated injections of methacholine. The results were as follows: (1) Three traumatic paraplegics did not sweat in response to the thermal stress in decentralized areas. (2) Two post-polio subjects responded to thermal stress on both the arm and leg. (3) Six of seven subjects tested showed training on both the arm and leg. Examples of increased sweating due to recruitment, enhancement, and to a combination of these two processes were observed. (4) The predominant process (i.e. recruitment or enhancement) contributing to the increased sweating response during training was the same on the arm and leg of a given individual even in instances where the leg did not respond to thermal stress.
Provider and patient perceptions about dental care during pregnancy.

Objective. To compare the opinions of dentists, obstetricians, and patients on dental care in pregnancy: its necessity, accessibility, and safety.Methods. A 35-item questionnaire was distributed wi...
Food, Energy and the Creation of Industriousness: Work and Material Culture in Agrarian England, 1550–1780

Craig Muldrew, Food, Energy and the Creation of Industriousness: Work and Material Culture in Agrarian England, 1550–1780 (2011), xvii + 355 (Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, £60.00/$99.00). ...
Rituximab for the Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Rituximab has been approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in combination with methotrexate for the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis in patients who failed to achieve adequate benefit from tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors. Rituximab is a biologic agent that depletes peripheral B cells--an action thought to reduce rheumatoid arthritis activity--and induces prolonged clinical improvement. Two 1000-mg infusions administered 2 weeks apart can result in a response that lasts for months. Most patients will require retreatment, but the effect of repeated dosing on patient outcomes has not yet been determined. Combination therapy with methotrexate is recommended as this appears to achieve the best outcomes. Rituximab also has been shown to be safe, although the lack of long-term efficacy and safety data limit its use. More studies are needed, but this agent has been demonstrated to be safe and effective in patients who fail to achieve adequate clinical response to methotrexate and tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors.
Recombinant Listeria monocytogenes as a live vaccine vehicle and a probe for studying cell‐mediated immunity

Summary: The ability of Listeria monocytogenes (L. monocytogenes) to enter the cytosol of host cells allows secreted proteins lo efficiently enter the endogenous antigen-processing pathway leading to presentation by MHC class I molecules. L. monocytogenes has recently been exploited as a live vaccine vehicle for the induction of immunological memory against heterologous antigens. We have established a genetic system for site-specific integration of antigen expression cassettes into the imam genome which allows regulated expression and secretion of heterologous proteins. The ability of recombinant strains to stimulate long-term immunological memory and CD8+ T-cell-mediated protective immunity was investigated using the lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) murine infection model. Vaccination of mice with recombinant Listeria strains expressing LCMV antigens induced LCMV-specific CD8+ T cells which protected mice against LCMV challenge. We have also used a cottontail rabbit papilloma-virus model to test the ability of recombinant Listeria strains to stimulate protective antitumor immunity in domestic rabbits. These studies have demonstrated the protective efficacy of recombinant L. monocytogenes vaccines and have established an experimental system for systematic analysis of cytotoxic T cell induction by an intracellular bacterium.
Nineteen-electron species as intermediates in the photochemical disproportionation of bis(.eta.5-methylcyclopentadienyl)dimolybdenum hexacarbonyl (.eta.5-CH3C5H4)2Mo2(CO)6)

Dismutation photochimique de (η 5 -CH 3 C 5 H 4 ) 2 Mo 2 (CO) 6 conduisant en presence de L (triphos) au complexe CpMo(CO) 2 L +5 par l'intermediaire du complexe transitoire CpMo(CO) 2 L 2 . Mecanismes. Reaction a 366 nm: CpMo(CO) 2 (triphos)→CpMoCO(triphos)+CO. Rendement quantique: 1
Stability of Gene Frequencies in a Randombred Control Population of Chickens

Abstract A NUMBER of control strains of poultry have been developed in recent years for use in genetic studies involving breeding systems or strain evaluation. The number of different uses of control strains in poultry experimentation seems unlimited. However, their value in experiments involving genetic change is based on the assumption that the frequency of the genes in the control population will remain relatively stable from generation to generation. Population size is assumed to be large enough to minimize the effects of random sampling of gametes on gene frequency. Any systematic change in gene frequency due to selection, ultimately leading to a permanent shift in gene frequency, would lessen the usefulness of control populations, especially in breeding work. For this reason it is imperative that information be gathered on this point of genetic stability as rapidly as possible. Merrell (1953) found in small random mating populations of Drosopkila melanogaster that large…
EpidemicSim: Epidemic simulation system with realistic mobility

Much attention has been paid to modeling human behavior and social interactions for epidemic and pandemic predictions. Nearly all of these models and predictive simulations rely on synthetic individuals to simulate social patterns using data gathered from databases such as census and transportation information. At the same time the ubiquity of mobile devices and online social networks have created an opportunity for real-life simulations of disease transmissions. In this paper, we lay the groundwork for a mobile epidemic simulation framework by creating a simulation model of individuals walking in a defined space with varying durations. The population size and walking area are varied to determine the best parameters for simulating disease spread. The effects of different infection probabilities are also investigated for a more realistic simulation framework. The resulting information is employed to create disease social networking maps used to determine the importance of each individual in the network and the connections between the ground zero source of the disease and the total infected population at the end of the simulation.
Dobutamine Stress Echocardiography Prior to Aortic Surgery: Long-Term Cardiac Outcome

This study was undertaken to evaluate the efficacy of dobutamine stress echocardiography (DSE) in predicting not only perioperative but also long-term cardiac events. One hundred fifty-nine patients who were evaluated for elective abdominal aortic surgery were screened preoperatively with DSE from January 1, 1992 to December 31, 1993. We concluded that DSE is useful for preoperative assessment of cardiac risk prior to elective aortic surgery to minimize the need for cardiac intervention and still maintain acceptable perioperative Ml and death rates. A selective approach for coronary revascularization is justified by the higher mortality in the subgroup requiring sequential procedures. DSE also allowed us to identify those high-risk patients who are best excluded from aortic surgery. Patients with abnormal DSE results are at higher risk for late cardiac events, require cardiology follow-up, and may require late coronary intervention.
Trade-offs in probabilistic packet marking for IP traceback

There has been considerable recent interest in probabilistic packet marking schemes for the problem of tracing a sequence of network packets back to an anonymous source. An important consideration for such schemes is the number of packet header bits that need to be allocated to the marking protocol. Let b denote this value. All previous schemes belong to a class of protocols for which b must be at least log n, where n is the number of bits used to represent the path of the packets. In this article, we introduce a new marking technique for tracing a sequence of packets sent along the same path. This new technique is effective even when b = 1. In other words, the sequence of packets can be traced back to their source using only a single bit in the packet header. With this scheme, the number of packets required to reconstruct the path is O(22n), but we also show that Ω(2n) packets are required for any protocol where b = 1. We also study the trade-off between b and the number of packets required. We provide a protocol and a lower bound that together demonstrate that for the optimal protocol, the number of packets required (roughly) increases exponentially with n, but decreases doubly exponentially with b. The protocol we introduce is simple enough to be useful in practice. We also study the case where the packets are sent along k different paths. For this case, we demonstrate that any protocol must use at least log(2k − 1) header bits. We also provide a protocol that requires ⌈log(2k p 1)⌉ header bits in some restricted scenarios. This protocol introduces a new coding technique that may be of independent interest.
Raman spectra of supported molybdena catalysts: II. Sulfided, used, and regenerated catalysts

Abstract Raman spectroscopy has been used to investigate the structural changes that two supported molybdenum oxide catalysts undergo upon specific chemical treatments. Molecular MoS2 structures are indicated after sulfidation by a mixture of H 2 H 2 S . Catalyst samples used in a coal hydrodesulfurization process yield spectra dominated by intense scattering from carbon deposited in the pores of the catalyst. Spectra of used catalyst samples, subjected to controlled air-firing to 600 °C, show that all of the spectral features of the unused catalyst are not recovered after this “regeneration” procedure.
Constrained Clipping for Crest Factor Reduction in Multiple-user OFDM

Crest factor reduction (CFR) techniques aim to solve the high peak-to-average power ratio (PAR) problem encountered in the transmission of modern communication signals such as orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). Constrained clipping is a promising CFR technique that is capable of large PAR reductions while guaranteeing that EVM and spectral mask constraints are met. In this paper, we analyze the computational complexity of constrained clipping and show that it is a practical technique that can be readily implemented. We then demonstrate its performance in a multiple-user OFDM environment such as the IEEE 802.16 OFDMA forward link. More than 5 dB of PAR reduction can be achieved in a four-user scenario
The Impact of Transit Investment on Housing Values: A Simulation Experiment:

This paper uses a joint-choice logit model of travel demand and residential location to simulate the impact of urban rapid-transit investment on housing values within a radial corridor. The model developed is a clean break with the traditional urban economic theory. Instead the heterogeneous nature of travel and location decisions is recognized and the logit model, consistent with stochastic utility maximization, is employed. Simulation experiments reveal that the aggregate increase in property values caused by transit's impact on work trips is highly sensitive to the aggregate number of vacancies within the corridor. Under reasonable assumptions, transit investment tends to lower central-city property values, to increase central-city vacancies, and to raise suburban property values. It tends to help the poor move further away from the center and penetrate the inner suburbs. Depending on several influences, aggregate property values can increase or decrease and the change can often be statistically insignificant. Calculations show that an equitable taxation (and compensation) of property-value changes may raise a small to modest proportion of a transit system's construction cost. Several considerations suggest that even these modest estimates might be optimistic. These results help develop an improved perspective on "value-capture policy" which has not, up to now, benefited from quantitative analysis. Major extensions of the model are briefly considered.(a)
CT angiography of a gonadal artery collateral from an inferior accessory right renal artery.

stay was unremarkable, without any recurrence of bleeding. To date, the patient has not had any therapeutic complications or recurrent bleeding. The small intestine presents a challenge when bleeding occurs as a result of its approximate length of 5 meters, which limits endoscopic imaging. Several treatment options exist for the treatment of small-bowel AV malformations. Endovascular methods include localized vasopressin injection, coil embolization, and polyvinyl alcohol embolization. Before the development of embolization treatments, medical treatments with vasopressin and/or subsequent resection were the gold-standard treatment methods. The use of vasopressin to induce vasoconstriction and thereby arrest bleeding was found to be as low as 36% effective (1), and the incidence of recurrent bleeding was as high as 71% (1). Therefore, vasopressin is used temporarily for stabilization and preparation for surgery, and has been replaced in most institutions with superselective embolization of mesenteric vessels. The aim of embolization of AV malformations is to completely obliterate the entire network of abnormal vasculature comprising the malformation, as partial treatment may allow recurrence (2).The use of NBCA adhesive, a liquid monomeric agent that polymerizes and solidifies when in contact with blood, has been shown to be effective in the management of AV malformations in the cranium. It has a low viscosity and can therefore be delivered through microcatheters within diminutive vessels. NBCA has been used to treat acute arterial hemorrhage from gastrointestinal and other pathologic processes (3). Kish et al (3) used NBCA in one of 16 patients for treatment of a rectal carcinoma pseudoaneurysm. NBCA has been shown to be successful in the treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding from a jejunal artery pseudoaneurysm secondary to intestinal tuberculosis (4). Additionally, the combination of microcoils and cyanoacrylate glue has been used to embolize an AV malformation of the superior pancreaticoduodenal artery supplying the duodenum (5).The difficulties associated with the use of NBCA include nontarget delivery, failure to satisfactorily obliterate the nidus, and catheter adhesion and subsequent retention. These difficulties are reduced with careful procedural technique (2). In summary, this case demonstrates a novel use of glue embolization for successful treatment of an AV malformation in the distal SMA presenting with massive lower intestinal bleeding and hypovolemic shock. Future studies are necessary to examine long-term safety and efficacy of glue embolization in the mesenteric arterial system, including the incidences of recurrent bleeding and bowel ischemia.
Some Pharmacological Properties of Polymyxin B Sulfate

Polymyxin B sulfate produces diastolic standstill followed by contracture in the isolated perfused rabbit heart. No increase in cardiac output was noted in the perfused frog heart. Large doses inhibit splanchnic nerve innervation to the perfused superior mesenteric artery of the cat.
The use of biofilters to reduce atmospheric methane emissions from landfills: Part I. Biofilter design

Previous laboratory research has shown that biofilters have the potential to reduce CH4 emissions from landfills by as much as 83%. However, to achieve this level of CH4 reduction biofilters must be properly designed. The present study was conducted to develop a method for properly designing biofilters based on landfill size and location. A quadratic equation was developed to describe the dependence of CH4 oxidation rate in a sandy loam textured soil as a function of soil temperature, soil moisture and ammonium nitrogen concentration. Using this equation and the average monthly soil temperature and moisture contents for the largest cities of each of the 48 contiguous states, the monthly CH4 oxidation rate at each location was calculated. Then, assuming a standard landfill depth of 27.6 m, and a standard area of 121,500 m2, the required biofilter size was calculated. Finally, the ratio of biofilter size to landfill size was calculated. Design calculations for biofilters located in the states of Alabama, Florida, Georgia, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, South Carolina and Texas where the CH4 oxidation rates are relatively high throughout the year indicate that the necessary biofilter sizes are small. In addition, biofilters in these states may be expected to be effective throughout the year. In contrast, the calculations indicated biofilter systems in the states of Idaho, Minnesota and North Dakota will have much lower efficiencies during much of the year due to unfavorable soil moisture and temperature ranges. Given proper design, installation and management, a biofilter should be capable of achieving a significant reduction in atmospheric CH4 emission as compared to emissions from the same landfill without a biofilter.
Hepatitis Carriers Among Soldiers Who Have Returned from Vietnam. Australia Antigen Studies

Abstract : Australia antigen or antibody was detected by immunodiffusion in 17 of 803 Vietnam returnees, but in none of 846 recruits. From this it is estimated that about 58,000 hepatitis carriers will have been added to the population by servicemen returning from Vietnam. A past history of hepatitis appeared to be no more common among those with Australia antigen (Au(1)) or antibody (anti-Au(1)) than in those in whom they were not found. It is recommended that all servicemen returning from Southeast Asia be tested to detect asymptomatic hepatitis carriers. (Author)
Synergy between nanocomposite formation and low levels of bromine on fire retardancy in polystyrenes

An organically-modified clay has been prepared using ammonium salts which contain an oligomeric material consisting of vinylbenzyl chloride, styrene and dibromostyrene. The presence of dibromostyrene enhances the flame retardancy of polystyrene nanocomposites compared to both the virgin polymer and polystyrene nanocomposites prepared from non-halogen-containing organically-modified clays. The nanocomposites were prepared both by bulk polymerization and melt blending and they were evaluated by X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, thermogravimetric analysis and cone calorimetry measurements. Bulk polymerization produced nanocomposites with reduced peak heat release rate, reduced total heat release and improved thermal stability. It is noteworthy that all these improvements were obtained with clay loading as low as 3% and bromine content less than 4%.
A Measure of Relative Dispersion

Summary This paper suggests a measure of dispersion which is invariant with respect to linear transformations and distinguishes between large and small spreads.
Comparison of survey estimates of the finite population variance

The Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program (EMAP) of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency has conducted several probability surveys of aquatic resources. Such surveys usually have unequal probability of including population elements in the sample. The Northeast lakes survey, which motivated this study of variance estimation, was such a survey. We examine ten estimators for the finite population variance using a Monte Carlo factorial experiment that considers three population characteristics. The results show that the correlation between the inclusion probabilities and the response is the most important factor that differentiates the estimators. Under conditions of low correlation (approximately <0.4), a common feature in environmental surveys, the sample variance is best, elsewhere, two ratio estimators, one based on consistency and the Horvitz-Thompson Theorem (HT) and the other based on the Yates-Grundy form, behave similarly and best.
Multi-agent based energy and comfort management in a building environment considering behaviors of occupants

Intelligent buildings are becoming a trend of next-generation's commercial buildings, which facilitate intelligent control of the building to fulfill occupants' needs. Energy and comfort management is the major task for a building automation system. Since occupants' behaviors have a direct impact on the system performance, the building should be capable to interacting with occupants by responding to their requests and obtaining feedbacks based on their behaviors. In this paper, a multi-agent based intelligent control system is developed for achieving effective energy and comfort management in a building environment. The developed multi-agent system turns out to be capable of facilitating the building to interact with its occupants for realizing user-centered control of buildings.
Leaching of chlorine Illinois coal. Theoretical and empirical correlation of data

This paper describes a model for the removal of chlorine in a bath process based on unsteady-state diffusion. Because of the complex nature of coal, the difficulty to evaluate key parameters such as effective diffusivity, and the limitations of the experimental techniques to obtain very accurate data, an empirical approach used to fit the data is also presented. The rate equation 100I(CsCo)=kt13+b where CS is chlorine content remaining in the coal at leaching time t, Co is the chlorine content of the original coal, and k and b are constants, allowed correlation of experimental and empirical data for three different Illinois coal samples with an average absolute deviation of ±5%. The empirical constants k and b have been correlated with temperature and weight percent of chlorine in coal, respectively.
Infrared intensities in crystalline SF6

Abstract Absolute infrared intensities of solid SF 6 have been measured. The results are v 5 , B = 104,000 cm mmole −1 v 6 , B = 12,200 cm mmole −1 The values represent a 1 per cent decrease and 63 per cent increase, respectively, from the gas phase. The changes in intensity and the relatively large shift of v 5 from its gas-phase frequency are correlated and partially explained on the basis of intermolecular dipole interactions, which cause mode mixing between v 5 and v 6 .
Calcium-induced gastric hypersecretion: lack of effect of endogenous parathyroid hormone.

Abstract The discrete effects of serum calcium and endogenous parathyroid hormone (PTH) secretion upon gastric acidity were studied in patients with primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism and in others with upper gastrointestinal pathology. There was no correlation between PTH and basal acid secretion. An increase in acid secretion from the stomach associated with calcium infusion occurred in patients in all three groups and was related to changes in serum calcium concentration but not to PTH. These studies suggest that in man, endogenous parathyroid hormone has no direct stimulatory effect on gastric acid secretion but influences this indirectly by regulating calcium ion concentration.
The Determination of Total C-H by Near Infrared Analysis

Abstract A method for determining total hydrogen bonded to carbon has been developed, employing the 1st overtone of the C-H stretch which occurs in the near infrared spectral region. Six different hydrocarbons have been employed; all gave satisfactory results. Mixtures can be studied with an accuracy of approximately 10%. The method should find application in the study of pollution by organic materials.
Existence for a model arising from the in situ vitrification process

Existence of a solution is established for a time-dependent problem that can be used to model the in situ vitrification process. Certain properties of the solution are also presented.
Depression screening in pediatric epilepsy: evidence for the benefit of a behavioral medicine service in early detection.

Abstract Despite the increased risk and prevalence of depression in youth with epilepsy, only one-third receive mental health services. Untreated depression can contribute to negative outcomes and increased health-care utilization and medical cost. Proactive behavioral medicine screening may facilitate identification of depressive symptoms and necessary interventions in efforts to optimize behavioral health and health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Primary study aims included the examination of 1) rates of self-reported depression in youth with epilepsy, 2) differences in depression by demographic and medical variables, 3) the impact of depression on HRQOL, and 4) changes in depression and suicidal ideation following a behavioral medicine consultation. As part of routine clinic care over a 24-month period, youth with epilepsy of 7–17 years of age completed the Children's Depression Inventory—Second Edition. Parents completed the PedsQL. A chart review was conducted to ascertain demographics, medical variables, and behavioral medicine visits and recommendations. A subsample with Time 1 and Time 2 depression data was examined. Time 1 participants included 311 youth with epilepsy (Mage = 11.9 years, 50% female, 84% Caucasian, 46.0% with localization-related epilepsy, 71.0% with seizure control in the past 3 months). Elevated depression was identified in 23% of youth, with 14% endorsing suicidal ideation. Depression significantly varied by age, antiepileptic drug, and insurance. After controlling for seizure status, HRQOL worsened with elevated depression. Depression significantly decreased from Time 1 to Time 2 (n = 159), particularly for those referred for behavioral medicine services at Time 1. Systematic assessment and early detection of depression and/or suicidal ideation in youth with epilepsy can improve HRQOL and decrease depression. Depression screening can be implemented through clinic-based behavioral medicine services.
Photoreduction in algae.

FOR several years it has been known that a number of green algae are able to carry out reduction of carbon dioxide by molecular hydrogen at low light intensities1:
Mapping fractality during the process of deforestation in an Amazon tri-national frontier

Tropical forests in the Amazon are being cleared rapidly, and road paving has stimulated this process and consequently prompted forest clearing. Fractal analysis can be used to study the spatial patterns of such developed areas, specifically by utilizing fractal dimension methodologies. However, the traditional box-counting method utilized in this approach is quite limited and often fails to characterize landscape heterogeneity, due to the problem of where to place the areas of interest or boxes on the landscape. To improve upon this limitation, we have utilized a fixed-grid scans approach and here have applied it to an example which looks at the process of deforestation across a tri-national frontier region in the Amazon. Specifically, we pixelize the entire landscape and calculate the fractal dimension of the developed areas within each pixel. The results indicate that deforestation has expanded across the landscape but with different patterns and rates. Such differences are summarized within a proposed...
Adjusting the Consensus Measure to Target Ordinal Scale Arguments

Much research data is collected and analyzed as ordinal scale data. The Likert scale is an example of such a data collection tool. Comparing different Likert scale data sets can be difficult, for no specific tool has been identified that is conceptually sound, though researchers typically apply ratio scale mathematics to the data. In this paper a modification of the consensus measure is examined and shown to be a valuable tool in the comparison and ranking of ordinal data. By identifying a specific target category, i. e., the "strongly agree" category of a Likert scale, the target consensus measure calculates a value between 0 and 1, the 0 identifying a Likert scale frequency distribution as being the furthest distance possible from the targeted value, and the 1 representing all values being assigned to the targeted category.
Peptides with CCK-like activity administered intracranially elicit satiety in sheep

Abstract Cholecystokinin (CCK) peptides and receptors have been shown to be present in the brain as well as in gastrointestinal organs. While functions for peripheral CCK are well recognized, those for central CCK peptides are only now being investigated. We have shown previously that CCK-octapeptide (CCK-OP) is a very potent and specific suppressor of feeding when administered in the cerebral ventricles of sheep. In the present study the objective was to determine the relative potency of several CCK analogues in inhibiting feeding when administered as 75 min continuous injections into the lateral cerebral ventricles of 2-hr fasted sheep. In comparing feeding response during CCK-OP injections to that during caerulein injections, it was found that feed intakes were similar only at an equal molar dose (0.638 pmole/min); whereas three times as much CCK-33 (1.91 pmoles/min) as CCK-OP (0.638 pmoles/min) was required to produce similar feed intakes. Both caerulein (0.638 pmoles/min) and CCK-33 (1.91 pmoles/min) caused significant decreases in feeding compared to control (sCSF). Desulfated CCK-OP had no effect on feeding at a dose (0.638 pmoles/min) that causes 80–100% decreases in feeding when the C-7 tyrosine is sulfated. Feed intake was significantly less with 2.55 pmoles/min CCK-OP than with an equal dose of desulfated CCK-OP. These results concur with those of previous studies on specific CCK receptors in the pancreas and in the brain, and therefore support the concept of specific CCK receptors in brain having a role in satiety.
Sleep Quality and Pulmonary Function in the Healthy Elderly

Loss of sleep causes deterioration of pulmonary function and ventilatory responsiveness in normal humans and in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. To evaluate the effects of variations in sleep quality on breathing, we studied 48 healthy elderly volunteers (mean age, 70 years). Electroencephalographically derived indices of sleep quality were correlated with spirometric performance, MIP, MEP, and waking SaO2. We found significant correlations between several indices of sleep quality and the spirometric measurements in the group as a whole, and striking correlations between sleep quality and PFTs in those with sleep efficiency less than or equal to 70 percent. We conclude that sleep disturbance may be related to poor performance on PFTs. These results suggest that spirometry should be performed on well-rested patients. The results also point to sleep quality as a potentially important variable in the management of patients with pulmonary disease.
Magnetic particle microrheometric dynamics in Newtonian fluids: numerical simulations on the early motion and beyond

Rotating magnetic particle microrheometry has been a promising technique in measuring material properties in limited-sample high-viscosity fluids. Experimental limitations in the early motion require further theoretical exploration. In this work, the rotation of a ferromagnetic particle is considered under the influence of an external uniform magnetic field in an infinite highly viscous Newtonian fluid. The motion is restricted at the very low Reynolds number limit. Early-time analytical approximations are utilised to initiate numerical calculations in an attempt to describe the azimuthal velocity dependency on scaled time and radius. The equation of motion is solved by implementing a Crank-Nicholson finite-difference scheme, while the driving time-dependent boundary condition is discretised according to a Lax-Wendroff scheme. Stability and convergence criteria for the PDE are also discussed. It is demonstrated that the step function form of the applied magnetic field does not cause finite displacement other than that expected from Newtonian fluid flow for the typical magnetic field magnitude ranges encountered in micro-rheometric studies. The numerical solution is compared against analytical values available for particle 'zero-total-torque' condition and it was found to be second-order accurate in time and radial dimension.
Bayesian statistics applied to the optical estimation of background in routine nuclear counting procedures

Abstract Bayesian estimation theory is applied to the problem of determining a best estimate of the background count rate in routine counting procedures. The optimal estimation procedure is carried out using a practical loss function and a conjugate prior probability distribution. The Bayes estimate is obtained by using data, prior information and tabulated values of the chi-square probability function.
HEAT OF DILUTION AND ENTHALPY CONCENTRATION RELATIONS FOR SLASH PINE KRAFT BLACK LIQUORS

Abstract Enthalpy-concentration charts have been developed for different black liquors from the results of statistically designed pulping experiments for pulping slash pine in a pilot scale digester. Black liquors were considered as pseudobinary solutions and enthalpy-concentration relations over wide ranges of temperature were developed by using heat capacity data and heal of solution data for the liquors. Heats of dilution of black liquors were determined by an absolute calorimetric method at 80°C and then were used to establish a thermodynamic reference state for enthalpy calculation of black liquors. Heats of dilution for diluting slash pine black liquors from 80% to 5% solids are 175-260 kJ/kg solids, depending upon the cooking conditions. The effects of pulping variables on heats of dilution of black liquors are discussed.
The National Popular Vote Compact: Horizontal Federalism and the Proper Role of Congress Under the Compact Clause

On August 8, 2011, California became the ninth United States jurisdiction to pass the “Agreement Among the States to Elect the President by National Popular Vote” (NPV agreement). Once the NPV agreement receives the equivalent of at least 270 electoral votes, the traditional Electoral College will be overhauled in favor of a national popular vote for the President of the United States. Specifically, member states like California will be bound to abandon the widely used practice of selecting electors based on the outcome of the statewide vote. Instead, state electors will be chosen in favor of the candidate winning the most votes nationally. Until August of 2011, the NPV agreement had obtained less than thirty percent of the 270 vote total. With the addition of California’s fifty-five electors, the agreement now has nearly fifty percent of the votes required to become effective.
Maturation of rat proximal tubule chloride permeability

We have previously shown that neonate rabbit tubules have a lower chloride permeability but comparable mannitol permeability compared with adult proximal tubules. The surprising finding of lower ch...
Role of the Laboratory in the Diagnosis of Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli Infections

Shiga-toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) organisms were first associated with enteric disease in the early 1980s when Riley et al. ([26][1]) reported on the isolation of E. coli O157:H7 from patients who experienced hemorrhagic colitis associated with the ingestion of undercooked hamburgers at
A simple test of the external shock model for the prompt emission in gamma-ray bursts

Abstract It is demonstrated here that if the prompt GRB emission is produced by the simplest version of the external shock model, a specific relation should prevail between the observed duration, isotropic equivalent energy, and photon peak energy. In essence, this relation arises because both the burst duration and the typical energy of the emitted synchrotron photons depend on the same combination of the, usually poorly constrained, external density at the deceleration radius, ndec, and initial bulk Lorentz factor, Γ0. This has the fortunate consequence of making the relation independent of both Γ0 and ndec. Unless the efficiency of electron acceleration is very low, synchrotron gamma-rays from the external shock would fail to meet the current observational constraints for the vast majority of GRBs, including those with a smooth, single peak temporal profile. This argues either against an external shock origin for the prompt emission in GRBs or for changes in our understanding of the microphysical and radiation processes occurring within the shocked region.
A Study Regarding Spanish-Speaking Parents’ Preference of Physician Attire in the Pediatric Emergency Room

Objective. A study to determine Spanish-speaking parents’ acceptance of the physician’s attire in the pediatric emergency department. Hypothesis. The attire of the physicians does not matter for the parents. Methods and materials. The sample size was 450. An anonymous patient survey with no identifiers was used. The sample questionnaire was enclosed, and the parents were asked to answer the questionnaire. The results were interesting; patients preferred physicians who wear hospital scrubs (410/450 or 91%) and short hair (430/450 = 96%). They preferred physicians wearing sneakers (430/450 = 96%) compared with dress shoes, and male physicians with moustaches/beards and wearing glasses (450/450 = 100%). Parents did not like women physicians wearing makeup and high heels. Conclusions. Parents prefer physicians wearing hospital scrubs and sneakers and having short hair. This could indicate that parents do not prefer formal attire in the pediatric emergency room (ER). Also, a gender difference was noticed. Pare...
Determining the risks of clinically indicated nonthoracic magnetic resonance imaging at 1.5 T for patients with pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: Rationale and design of the MagnaSafe Registry

Background Until recently, the presence of a permanent pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator has been a relative contraindication for the performance of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A number of small studies have shown that MRI can be performed with minimal risk when patients are properly monitored and device programming is modified appropriately for the procedure. However, the risk of performing MRI for patients with implanted cardiac devices has not been sufficiently evaluated to advocate routine clinical use. The aim of the present protocol is to prospectively determine the rate of adverse clinical events and device parameter changes in patients with implanted non–MRI-conditional cardiac devices undergoing clinically indicated nonthoracic MRI at 1.5 T. Methods The MagnaSafe Registry is a multicenter, prospective cohort study of up to 1500 MRI examinations in patients with pacemakers or implantable cardioverter-defibrillators implanted after 2001 who undergo clinically indicated nonthoracic MRI following a specific protocol to ensure that preventable potential adverse events are mitigated. Adverse events and changes in device parameter measurements that may be associated with the imaging procedure will be documented. Results Through August 2012, 701 MRI studies have been performed, representing 47% of the total target enrollment. Conclusions The results of this registry will provide additional documentation of the risk of MRI and will further validate a clinical protocol for screening and the performance of clinically indicated MRI for patients with implanted cardiac devices.
Tetramerization and ATP binding by a protein comprising the A, B, and C domains of rat synapsin I

Abstract Synapsins are multidomain proteins that are critical for regulating neurotransmitter release in vertebrates. In the present study, two crystal structures of the C domain of rat synapsin I (rSynI-C) in complex with Ca2+ and ATP reveal that this protein can form a tetramer and that a flexible loop (the “multifunctional loop”) contacts bound ATP. Further experiments were carried out on a protein comprising the A, B, and C domains of rat synapsin I (rSynI-ABC). An ATP-stabilized tetramer of rSynI-ABC is observed during velocity sedimentation and size-exclusion chromatographic experiments. These hydrodynamic results also indicate that the A and B domains exist in an extended conformation. Calorimetric measurements of ATP binding to wild-type and mutant rSynI-ABC demonstrate that the multifunctional loop and a cross-tetramer contact are important for ATP binding. The evidence supports a view of synapsin I as an ATP-utilizing, tetrameric protein made up of monomers that have a flexible, extended N terminus.
Error-prone lesion bypass by human DNA polymerase η

DNA lesion bypass is an important cellular response to genomic damage during replication. Human DNA polymerase η (Polη), encoded by the Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV) gene, is known for its activity of error-free translesion synthesis opposite a TT cis-syn cyclobutane dimer. Using purified human Polη, we have examined bypass activities of this polymerase opposite several other DNA lesions. Human Polη efficiently bypassed a template 8-oxoguanine, incorporating an A or a C opposite the lesion with similar efficiencies. Human Polη effectively bypassed a template abasic site, incorporating an A and less frequently a G opposite the lesion. Significant –1 deletion was also observed when the template base 5′ to the abasic site is a T. Human Polη partially bypassed a template (+)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-N2-dG and predominantly incorporated an A, less frequently a T, and least frequently a G or a C opposite the lesion. This specificity of nucleotide incorporation correlates well with the known mutation spectrum of (+)-trans-anti-benzo[a]pyrene-N2-dG lesion in mammalian cells. These results show that human Polη is capable of error-prone translesion DNA syntheses in vitro and suggest that Polη may bypass certain lesions with a mutagenic consequence in humans.
Drag reduction through self-similar bending of a flexible body

The classical theory of high-speed flow1 predicts that a moving rigid object experiences a drag proportional to the square of its speed. However, this reasoning does not apply if the object in the flow is flexible, because its shape then becomes a function of its speed—for example, the rolling up of broad tree leaves in a stiff wind2. The reconfiguration of bodies by fluid forces is common in nature, and can result in a substantial drag reduction that is beneficial for many organisms3,4. Experimental studies of such flow–structure interactions5 generally lack a theoretical interpretation that unifies the body and flow mechanics. Here we use a flexible fibre immersed in a flowing soap film to measure the drag reduction that arises from bending of the fibre by the flow. Using a model that couples hydrodynamics to bending, we predict a reduced drag growth compared to the classical theory. The fibre undergoes a bending transition, producing shapes that are self-similar; for such configurations, the drag scales with the length of self-similarity, rather than the fibre profile width. These predictions are supported by our experimental data.
QCD corrections to Higgs boson production: Nonleading terms in the heavy quark limit.

We compute analytic results for the QCD corrections to Higgs boson production via gluon fusion in hadronic collisions in the limit in which the top quark is much heavier than the Higgs boson. The first nonleading corrections of {ital O}({alpha}{sub {ital s}}{sup 3}{ital M}{sub {ital H}}{sup 2}/{ital m}{sub {ital t}}{sup 2}) are given and numerical results presented for both CERN LHC and SSC energies. We confirm earlier numerical results showing that the dominant corrections have the same mass dependence as the Born cross section.
Evaluation of hollow, glass microspheres used as an additive in positive, lead/acid battery paste

Abstract New materials and electrode designs provide the possibility for dramatically improving the performance of lead/acid batteries. This paper investigates the use of lightweight, hollow, glass microspheres as a filler in the positive paste of lead/acid batteries. The paste density for this study was varied from 1.53 to 4.27 g cm −3 where the low number is associated with a high loading of glass microspheres. All the plates fabricated exhibited good mechanical properties. The capacity (ampere hour) performance of the paste was evaluated with plates having similar thicknesses and porosities. The utilization of the paste, defined as the ampere hours discharged divided by the stoichiometric capacity of the paste, was plotted against the specific rate, defined as A g −1 of paste. The data show that at the higher specific rates, the plates with glass microspheres performed much better than those without glass microspheres. The data also suggest that there is an optimum loading for the glass microspheres in the paste.
Unequal error protection using low-density parity-check codes

In this study, we propose a scheme to construct low-density parity-check (LDPC) codes that are suitable for unequal error protection (UEP). We derive density evolution formulas for the proposed ensemble over the binary erasure channel (BEC). For the finite length case, we compare our code with some other LDPC codes and the time-sharing method. Simulation results indicate the superiority of the proposed design methodology for unequal error protection.
Design and development of an upper extremity motion capture system for a rehabilitation robot

Human robot interaction is a new and rapidly growing field and its application in the realm of rehabilitation and physical care is a major focus area of research worldwide. This paper discusses the development and implementation of a wireless motion capture system for the human arm which can be used for physical therapy or real-time control of a robotic arm, among many other potential applications. The system is comprised of a mechanical brace with rotary potentiometers inserted at the different joints to capture position data. It also contains surface electrodes which acquire electromyographic signals through the CleveMed BioRadio device. The brace interfaces with a software subsystem which displays real time data signals. The software includes a 3D arm model which imitates the actual movement of a subject’s arm under testing. This project began as part of the Rochester Institute of Technology’s Undergraduate Multidisciplinary Senior Design curriculum and has been integrated into the overall research objectives of the Biomechatronic Learning Laboratory.
Market, Crime and Community: Toward a Mid-Range Theory of Post-Industrial Violence

In this paper I argue that `market societies' — those in which the pursuit of private gain becomes the dominant organizing principle of social and economic life — are especially likely to breed high levels of violent crime. At least seven mechanisms contribute to this vulnerability: the progressive destruction of livelihood; the growth of extremes of inequality and material deprivation; the withdrawal of public services and supports; the erosion of informal networks of mutual support; the spread of a materialistic and neglectful culture; the deregulation of the technology of violence; and the weakening of social and political alternatives. The tendency of market society to breed violent crime helps explain high levels of life-threatening violence in the US, as well as in parts of the Third World and the former Soviet bloc. This has obvious, and troubling, implications for the future in a world hurtling toward global deregulation.