cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multimethod Assessment of Children's Distress During Noninvasive Outpatient Medical Procedures: Child and Parent Attitudes and Factors

The present study assessed behavioral distress during noninvasive outpatient procedures in children ages 4-10 years using a multimethod approach. Factors hypothesized to exacerbate children's distress included parents' and children's attitudes toward healthcare, children's knowledge of medical settings, and parental anxiety. A total of 53 parent-child dyads were recruited from outpatient clinics, with procedural distress assessed via child report, parent report, and direct observation. Some differences emerged depending on the method used to gauge distress. Children's healthcare attitudes and knowledge were associated with observed and child-reported distress, but parent's personal anxiety was associated only with their own perceptions of children's procedural distress. Parents' attitudes toward healthcare were associated with their anxiety but not with children's behavioral distress or healthcare attitudes. Findings are discussed in terms of more consistent findings regarding children's healthcare knowledge and attitudes versus the potential need for additional research on more divergent findings regarding parents' anxiety and healthcare attitudes.
A tribute to Philip Marcus and the development of the clonogenic assay.

Philip Marcus (1927–2013), a prominent and celebrated virus and interferon researcher, was also influential to the field of radiobiology. His work as a graduate student led to the development of the first mammalian cell clonogenic assay. This tribute to Philip Marcus is written to memorialize this inventive scientist and share the stimulating story of how he and his mentors developed the clonogenic assay.
Analytic Review: Von Willebrand’s Disease-Diagnostic Criteria

Our present criteria for diagnosing von Willebrand’s disease are summarized below and illustrative examples of recently studied patients are shown in Table 1. A) Prolonged bleeding time and decreased AHG: When these abnormalities, inherited as an autosomal dominant, are found in several family members, they are considered diagnostic for these patients and for their clinically affected relatives, even though the latter may now show both defects (Case 10). In the absence of family studies, the diagnosis would also be made in individual subjects if a history of bleeding in relatives was consistent with autosomal inheritance (Cases 3,13,18). When family studies are negative (sporadic cases) or no history is attainable, a diagnosis of typical von Wille-brand’s disease would also be made (Cases 1,2,4,14,15,16) unless intrinsic platelet defects were found (see below) or plasma transfusion failed to produce a progressive increase in AHG activity. B) Prolonged bleeding time, normal AHG: The diagnosis would be considered "probable" in such a patient if the following criteria were met: 1. There was no evidence of an "intrinsic" platelet abnormality, as indicated by normal values for platelet aggregation, PF-3 availability and ADP release by connective tissue and kaolin and 2. Platelet adhesiveness, by the modified Salzman test, was abnormal and/or the patient’s bleeding time was shortened by transfusion of plasma in a dosage of 13-15 ml. per Kg. body weight. C) Normal bleeding time, decreased AHG (Case 17): A diagnosis of probable von Willebrand’s disease would be made if: 1. An unequivocal pattern of autosomal dominant inheritance, by history, ruled out hemophilia. 2. The Salzman test was abnormal. 3. Transfusion of hemophiliac, as well as normal plasma resulted in a progressive increase in plasma AHG concentration. D) Normal bleeding time, normal AHG: The diagnosis would be considered as "possible" if: 1. There was no evidence of intrinsic platelet abnormality (see B 1). 2. The Salzman test was abnormal. The above criteria are tentative and, undoubtedly, will not satisfy all investigators. To confuse matters even more, some patients who appear to have the "classic" syndrome may also have abnormal platelet factor 338 or fail to "synthesize" AHG after plasma transfusion.13,38 Whether even the "classic" syndrome represents a spectrum of disorders remains to be determined.
Hume’s Two Standards of Taste

There are currently two views about the standard of taste proposed by Hume in his essay "Of the Standard of Taste." According to PeterJones and Stuart Brown,' the standard consists in rules, while Peter Kivy and Ted Cohen2 have claimed that the standard is the joint verdict of what Hume calls "true judges". I will argue in this paper that there is a sense in which both of these views are correct. The standard of taste cannot consist in the verdicts of true judges, because these judges may be wrong. This indicates that there is an independent standard of taste, namely the rules of art. But although Hume thinks that these rules are the standard, he also thinks that the verdicts of true judges are a good guide to what the rules are, and so function as a practical standard of taste.
Climate change imprinting on stable isotopic compositions of high-elevation meteoric water cloaks past surface elevations of major orogens

Stable isotope paleoaltimetry has been widely used to estimate Cenozoic surface elevation of major orogens. The influence of global climate change on stable isotope paleoaltimetry is uncertain, with proposals that warming could cause either overestimates or underestimates of past surface elevations. In this study we increase atmospheric p CO 2 by two and four times in an isotope-tracking atmospheric general circulation model to investigate the effect of global warming on oxygen isotopic compositions of precipitation (δ 18 O p ) over the continents. As in other climate models, the response in the GENESIS version 3 model to global warming is an amplification of upper troposphere temperatures through enhanced infrared absorption and a reduction in the surface to upper-level temperature gradient. Due to the temperature dependence of isotopic fractionation, vapor δ 18 O (δ 18 O v ) follows suit, leading to a reduction in the surface to upper troposphere δ 18 O v gradient. In regions of subsidence, including the major orogens and deserts, downward mixing of 18 O-enriched vapor from the troposphere to the near surface further reduces the lapse rate of δ 18 O v . As a consequence of these effects, the isotopic composition of precipitation in high-elevation regions, including the Tibetan Plateau, Rocky Mountains, European Alps, and Andean Plateau, increases by 3‰–6‰ relative to that at low elevations. Neglect of this climate effect on high-elevation δ 18 O p has likely led to underestimates of the surface elevation of Cenozoic orogens.
Improved Photoconductivity of ZnO by Ion Beam Bombardment

In this study, single crystal ZnO films are grown by pulsed laser deposition and ion beam processing is used alter the resistivity of the films. A 3 He ion beam was chosen with a specific energy to transmutate oxygen into nitrogen. Analytical ion beam techniques were used to monitor the transmutation process, and changes in film characteristics were monitored by making resistance, photoconductivity and luminescence measurements before and after ion beam processing. The amount of nitrogen produced by this method was estimated to be ∼ 10 14 cm −3 , and was too low to be observable as a p-type dopant due to compensation by the naturally n-type material. However, the ion beam processed films improved dramatically in resistivity, defect luminescence was reduced and photoconductivity increases consistent with the improvements with resistivity were observed. These improvements were attributed to ion beam annealing of the crystal resulting in a reduction of point defects. In some films, blistering of the surface occurred and was attributed to the formation of gas bubbles which causes delamination of the film from the substrate.
Interactive Ram Pump Display Project

During a senior level thermal system design class given at York College of Pennsylvania, a customer-based design project has been implemented. This project provides the students with the opportunity to apply the knowledge that they learned in class and allows them to think creatively to achieve the given task. For this project, students are required to prepare a project proposal based on the needs of the customer and deliver a written report at the end of the semester. The main purpose of the project is to design an interactive museum display to show the working principle of a ram pump for the York County Heritage Trust Museum. The hydraulic ram pump utilizes the power of flowing water to operate without the use of electricity. The project requires students to apply energy and cost analysis. This paper presents the details of the design requirements, procedures and the final design. Examples of student work and the assessment of the work are also provided.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Colonic disease in cirrhosis: An endoscopic evaluation in 412 patients

Abstract Colonic disease is relatively uncommon in cirrhosis. To determine the prevalence of colonic lesions in cirrhosis of all types, cirrhotics evaluated for possible liver transplantation underwent combined pan upper endoscopy and colonoscopy. The patients were divided into two main groups, 248 with parenchymal liver disease (nonviral and viral) and 164 with cholestatic liver disease. The prevalence of the various colonic lesions identified was: polyps, 8.4%; nonspecific edema, 19.9%; inflammatory changes, 11.6%; hemorrhoids, 25.2%; and rectal varices, 3.6%. Normal findings were present in 42.4%. Except for an increased prevalence ( P P
Proteases in Blood Clotting

Proteases are enzymes that hydrolyze peptide bonds within protein substrates. In vertebrates, proteases play an essential role in preventing the loss of blood by promoting hemostasis, a process that culminates in the formation of a platelet plug and the deposition of a polymerized fibrin network at sites of vascular injury. The mechanism of this process was first studied in the mid-1800s by a Scottish surgeon, Andrew Buchanan, who proposed the existence of a clot-promoting factor that he called thrombin. This article discusses the coagulation cascade, and the structure and function of the blood-clotting proteases.
Properties of mixed metal-dielectric nanogratings for application in resonant absorption, sensing, and display

We treat fundamental resonance effects in hybridized metal–dielectric elements that may find applications in absorption, sensing, and displays. The hybrid structures support guided-mode resonance (GMR) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) operating independently or in unison. Numerical simulations of periodic resonant films coated in gold that effectively combine principles of both resonance effects show viability of absorbers with equalized spectra and hybrid waveguides. The experimentally measured spectra show qualitative agreement with theoretical models. We introduce a hybrid GMR/SPR refractive-index sensor consisting of a thin aluminum film integrated with a subwavelength silicon-dioxide grating. The sensor operates between the Rayleigh wavelengths of the cover and the substrate. A GMR is excited by TE-polarized light and is subsequently attenuated by the Rayleigh anomaly as the cover index increases. In transverse-magnetic-polarized light, it operates as a Rayleigh sensor with sharp spectral features that would be easily monitored with a spectrum analyzer. As a final device example, we present simulation results pertaining to a one-dimensional color filter utilizing SPR, GMR, and the Rayleigh anomaly and convert it into a polarization insensitive two-dimensional device. With dual periods along orthogonal directions, two resonant peaks are induced within the visible spectrum for unpolarized input light rendering a color-mixing effect. The output color of the dual pixel is tunable with the input polarization state.
The Levites in the Hebrew Bible

This article provides a summary of the many issues attending the study of the Levites as they appear throughout the Hebrew Bible. The matters of Levite origins, the figure of Moses, the relationship between the Levites and the Aaronide priests, prophecy, kingship, women and Levite status, text production, role in the cult of the Second Temple, and the wisdom tradition are revisited with an evaluation of earlier scholarship and new proposals for understanding these issues and their implications.
Effect of structure on the x-ray photoelectron spectra of nickel oxides

Abstract The structural differences of various nickel oxide thin films have been determined by transmission electron diffraction. The structure of a single crystal of NiO was verified by X-ray diffraction. The effect of these structural variations upon valence band electronic structure was ascertained by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. Results suggest the 3 d levels are affected by the presence of defects and the charge state of the nickel ions. These different d level structures may account for differences in catalytic and magnetic properties.
The role of temozolomide (TMZ) in the management of anaplastic astrocytoma (AA): A comparison of survival in the era prior to and following TMZ.

2053 Background: Adding TMZ to radiation therapy (RT) is common clinical practice for patients with AAs despite the lack of prospective studies documenting a survival advantage. Two retrospective s...
Real-time monitoring of transcranial focused ultrasound in vivo

Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is being investigated in a variety of medical applications. Both thermal and mechanical bioeffects of tFUS are of interest, but localization of the tFUS therapeutic beam remains a major concern in the presence of beam distortion through the skull. We have developed a system for monitoring and delivery of tFUS using dual-mode ultrasound array (DMUA) transducers. The system is capable of delivering therapeutic tFUS in pulsed mode with imaging pulses interleaved at frame rates up to 500 fps utilizing the same array elements. In this way, the DMUA provides inherent registration between the imaging and therapy system thus providing feedback from the target region as well as tissue structures in the path of the beam. The beamformed DMUA echo data was used to image the thermal and mechanical tissue response to the tFUS beam with high spatial specificity. In vivo data from small-animal experiments have shown a temperature sensitivity of 0.2°C with high spatial specificity. Speckle tracking at up to 500 fps also allowed for tracking mechanical deformation produced by the tFUS beam in the presence of pulsations and other brain tissue motions. These results demonstrate the feasibility of characterizing both mechanical and thermal effects of subtherapeutic tFUS beams in vivo. The results are significant in burgeoning applications where the neuromodulatory response is induced by a combination of thermal and mechanical interactions.Transcranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is being investigated in a variety of medical applications. Both thermal and mechanical bioeffects of tFUS are of interest, but localization of the tFUS therapeutic beam remains a major concern in the presence of beam distortion through the skull. We have developed a system for monitoring and delivery of tFUS using dual-mode ultrasound array (DMUA) transducers. The system is capable of delivering therapeutic tFUS in pulsed mode with imaging pulses interleaved at frame rates up to 500 fps utilizing the same array elements. In this way, the DMUA provides inherent registration between the imaging and therapy system thus providing feedback from the target region as well as tissue structures in the path of the beam. The beamformed DMUA echo data was used to image the thermal and mechanical tissue response to the tFUS beam with high spatial specificity. In vivo data from small-animal experiments have shown a temperature sensitivity of 0.2°C with high spatial specificity. S...
Genetic and Environmental Influences on Verbal Fluency in Middle Age: A Longitudinal Twin Study.

Mounting evidence suggests that measures of phonemic fluency and semantic fluency are differentially associated with other cognitive and health phenotypes, but few studies have examined their shared and unique variance, especially using genetically-informative designs. In this study, 1464 middle-aged twins completed six fluency subtests at up to two time-points (mean age 56 and 62 years). Confirmatory factor analyses supported a two-factor solution: a General Fluency latent factor explained variation in all six subtests and a Semantic-Specific factor accounted for additional variance in semantic subtests. Both factors were explained primarily by genetic influences at both waves (a2 = 0.57–0.76). There was considerable stability of individual differences over 6 years (r = .90 for General Fluency, r = .81 for Semantic-Specific), especially for genetic influences (rg = .94 and 1.0, respectively). These results suggest that semantic fluency can be viewed as a combination of general and semantic-specific variance, but phonemic fluency is captured entirely by the general factor.
Factors Influencing the Optic Nerve Head Blood Flow

In ischemic optic neuropathies, ischemia is due to deranged blood flow in the optic nerve. To understand their pathogenesis and management a firm grasp of the following is crucial: (i) the blood supply of the optic nerve (as discussed before – see Chap. 3), and (ii) the factors that influence the blood flow of the optic nerve head (ONH). It is the lack of in-depth knowledge of these two factors which is responsible for most of the controversy and confusion on ischemic optic neuropathies. The purpose of this chapter is an attempt to present a brief overview of the current state of our knowledge about the factors that finally determine the state of the circulation in the ONH, as discussed previously [1,2].
The US Healthcare System

This chapter briefly describes the US healthcare system and some of the most important of its many problems. This is a complex topic that I cannot adequately cover in a short, introductory book, so I have provided a number of suggested supplemental readings. For a very complete and detailed discussion of the topics raised here (and others) I suggest the Institute of Medicine publication The Healthcare Imperative: Lowering Costs and Improving Outcomes: Workshop Series Summary which is available for purchase or free download.
Square supramolecular assemblies of uranyl complexes in organic solvents

Uranyl nitrate/extractant complexes form long-range isotropic pairs and short-range ordered dimeric assemblies with a unique square configuration comprised of noncovalent ligand and acid anion mediated interactions, further stabilized by organic phase solvation.
Abstract 2732: Cell-based reporter bioassays to evaluate the Fc gamma receptor-dependent agonistic activities for therapeutic antibodies targeting immune costimulatory receptors

Immune costimulatory receptors synergize with TCR-CD3 signaling to promote cell cycle progression, cytokine production, T cell survival and effector functions. They belong to immunoglobulin super-family (CD28, ICOS) and tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily (4-1BB, OX40, CD27, CD40, GITR, DR3, and HVEM). Preclinical and clinical evidence shows that agonist antibodies against costimulatory receptors can stimulate antitumor immunity and are emerging as a promising approach for cancer immunotherapies. Furthermore, FcγR engagement, especially FcγRIIB due to its bioavailability, has been shown to provide a crosslinking scaffold for the antibody IgG to facilitate TNFR clustering/activation and become requisites for some agonist antibody activities. Here, we report the development of a suite of cell-based reporter bioassays to quantitatively measure the potencies of therapeutic antibodies designed to target costimulatory receptors. For this, we developed engineered effector cells that express each costimulatory receptor and a luciferase reporter driven by response element that specifically responds to costimulatory receptor signaling. We also developed a FcγR-expressing cell line to evaluate the involvement of FcγR in agonist antibody-mediated costimulatory signaling. The assays are specific for each costimulatory receptor, and can be used to detect both agonistic and blocking activities for the antibodies. When co-incubated with the engineered FcγR-expressing cells, they are able to show the Fcγ receptor-dependent or independent agonist activities. In summary, these reporter bioassays can serve as powerful tools in immunotherapy drug development for antibody screening and potency determination. Citation Format: Jun Wang, Michael Beck, Jamison Grailer, Pete Stecha, Jim Hartnett, Frank Fan, Mei Cong, Zhi-Jie Jey Cheng. Cell-based reporter bioassays to evaluate the Fc gamma receptor-dependent agonistic activities for therapeutic antibodies targeting immune costimulatory receptors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 2732.
A Multi-Institutional Analysis of Radiation Dosimetric Predictors of Toxicity After Trimodality Therapy for Esophageal Cancer.

Abstract Purpose This multi-institutional review explored associations between radiation dose-volume histogram (DVH) parameters and cardiopulmonary toxicities with trimodality therapy for esophageal cancer. Methods and Materials We reviewed 465 consecutive patients with esophageal cancer treated with chemoradiation therapy followed by surgery at 2 tertiary-care institutions between 2007 and 2013. Using logistic regression, we assessed associations between lung and heart DVH parameters and cardiopulmonary toxicities and survival. Statistically significant variables were subsequently included in multivariable models, which incorporated age, smoking history, previous history of heart disease, and type of chemotherapy. Results The median age of the patients was 61 years (interquartile range, 54-68 years), and 86% were men. At baseline, 60% of the patients had known cardiac risk factors, 64% were current or former smokers, and 10% had other pulmonary comorbidities. Most patients had stage II to III (96%) adenocarcinoma (94%) of the distal esophagus. The radiation therapy (RT) modalities used were 3-dimensional conformal RT (38%), intensity modulated RT (41%), and proton therapy (20%). An increased heart dose was associated with increased risk of cardiac toxicity on univariable analysis (V20 Gy: odds ratio [OR], 1.20; 95% CI, 1.08-1.33; P = .001) (V30 Gy: OR, 1.24; 95% CI, 1.11-1.38; P Conclusions We observed an association between heart dose and cardiac toxicity for esophageal cancer. The risk of cardiac toxicity was 5%, 10%, and 15% when the heart V30 Gy dose was 14%, 20%, and 30%, respectively. For every 10% increase in V30 Gy, there was a corresponding 24% increase in the relative risk of cardiac toxicity.
Social Comparison in MOOCs: Perceived SES, Opinion, and Message Formality

There has been limited research on how perceptions of socioeconomic status (SES) and opinion difference could influence peer feedback in Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs). Using social comparison theory [12], we investigated the influence of ability and opinion-related factors on peer feedback text in a data science MOOC. Perceived SES of peers and the formality of written responses were used as the ability-related factor, while agreement between learners represented the opinion-related factor. We focused on understanding the behaviors of those learners who are most prevalent in MOOCs; those from high socioeconomic countries. Through two studies, we found a strong and repeated influence of agreement on affect and formality in feedback to peers. While a mediation effect of perceived SES was found, a significant effect of formality was not. This work contributes to an understanding of how social comparison theory can be operationalized in online peer writing environments.
Pulmonary Endothelial Mechanical Sensing and Signaling, a Story of Focal Adhesions and Integrins in Ventilator Induced Lung Injury

Patients with critical illness such as acute lung injury often undergo mechanical ventilation in the intensive care unit. Though lifesaving in many instances, mechanical ventilation often results in ventilator induced lung injury (VILI), characterized by overdistension of lung tissue leading to release of edemagenic agents, which further damage the lung and contribute to the mortality and progression of pulmonary inflammation. The endothelium is particularly sensitive, as VILI associated mechanical stress results in endothelial cytoskeletal rearrangement, stress fiber formation, and integrity loss. At the heart of these changes are integrin tethered focal adhesions (FAs) which participate in mechanosensing, structure, and signaling. Here, we present the known roles of FA proteins including c-Src, talin, FAK, paxillin, vinculin, and integrins in the sensing and response to cyclic stretch and VILI associated stress. Attention is given to how stretch is propagated from the extracellular matrix through integrins to talin and other FA proteins, as well as signaling cascades that include FA proteins, leading to stress fiber formation and other cellular responses. This unifying picture of FAs aids our understanding in an effort to prevent and treat VILI.
Social and legislative shaping of access to contraceptives and the pharmacist's role: A literature review.

Abstract Background Despite years of research and numerous policies, access to contraceptives in the United States remains imperfect. Largely due to lack of access to contraceptives, unintended pregnancy rates remain high. Objective To provide researchers and policy-makers with a comprehensive review of the legislative and social landscape that has shaped contraceptive access in the United States, which may help to guide future research and policies. Methods A narrative overview of existing literature on policies and research regarding women's access to contraceptives was compiled, with a focus on the role of pharmacists. Results Contraceptive access has been heavily influenced by laws and policies throughout the years, and disparities remain in underserved populations. Pharmacists are beginning to play a role in improving access to contraceptives through provision of contraceptives using direct pharmacy access policies. Conclusions Continued research and new policies aimed at improving contraceptive access are warranted.
The Lived Experience of Work and Career Among Individuals with Bipolar Disorder: A Phenomenological Study of Discussion Forum Narratives

Individuals with invisible chronic illnesses are often at a disadvantage in the workplace in terms of job security, promotion, and occupational success. Because little is known about the use of public online support forums to help patients with mental health disorders cope with the impact their illness has on their work and career, this research identifies and examines online forum posts related to employment by contributors with bipolar disorder. Seven percent of the total eligible posts from four discussion forums (n = 7,712) contained mentions of work and career (n = 572). A thematic analysis of the 572 posts is reported, organized by characteristics of contributors related to work and career histories, symptoms of bipolar disorder at work, needs for coping at work, the importance of work as part of a healthy life, disclosure of the illness, and recommendations by other contributors. The symptoms associated with the illness can have a negative impact in the work environment. Fear of stigma and other negative consequences inhibit workers from disclosing their condition and negotiating ways to get the fundamental accommodations they need. The posts reveal a climate of fear and uncertainty surrounding mental illness in the workplace, as well as individuals’ desire to conquer their health challenges to achieve meaning and fulfillment in their work life.
Correlation of Surgical Case Volume and Fellowship Training with Simulated Procedural Tasks

Study Objective To determine an association of surgical case volume and fellowship training with simulated procedural tasks Design Quality initiative via simulation Setting Two academic hospitals Patients or Participants Obstetric and gynecologic (Ob-Gyn) surgeons. Interventions All 109 participants were required to complete a pre-test survey followed by tasks on the Surgical Science LapSim® laparoscopic simulator. A post-test survey was administered. Measurements and Main Results The pre-test survey inquired about average monthly laparoscopic case volume and prior training. Simulation included a basic skills task (peg transfer) followed by a procedural task (salpingectomy). Spearman correlation and Wilcoxon tests determined correlations between survey responses and performance parameters. Participants included generalists and fellowship-trained specialists (38%). Surgeons with higher surgical volume (6-10 and 11+ monthly cases) completed the salpingectomy task quicker and with less blood loss than surgeons who operated less frequently (p = 0.001, 0.004). Economy of movement (instrument path length) was more efficient among high volume surgeons (p = 0.003). Surgeons with fellowship training performed more quickly, efficiently, and with less blood loss compared to generalists (p = 0.001, 0.001, 0.004). There was no difference in ovarian thermal damage regarding case volume and fellowship background (p = 0.67, 0.43). Additionally, there was no difference among most performance parameters for the peg transfer task. Conclusion Surgical experience regarding higher case volume and fellowship training correlate with higher performance scores during simulated procedural tasks. In a prior study, we found similar correlation with simulated basic skills tasks. In the current study, there was no such correlation with the peg transfer task, likely due to familiarity of the task from the prior study. The current study is a continuation of an ongoing quality initiative to establish a validated simulation program for maintenance of credentials among Ob-Gyn surgeons. Future studies will compare prior simulation scores with validated surgical assessments, operative metrics, and surgical outcomes.
Congenital diaphragmatic eventration and hernia sac compared to CDH with true defects: a retrospective cohort study.

Congenital diaphragmatic eventration (CDE) and congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) with or without hernia sac are three different types of congenital diaphragmatic malformations, which this study evaluates. All surgically treated patients with CDE or Bochdalek type CDH between 2000 and 2016 were included in this retrospective analysis. Demographics, CDH-characteristics, treatment, and clinical outcome were evaluated. In total, 200 patients were included. Patients with an eventration or hernia sac had no significant differences and were compared as patients without a true defect to patients with a true defect. The 1-year survival of patients with a true defect was significantly lower than patients with no true defect (76% versus 97%, p = 0.001). CDH with no true defect had significantly better short-term outcomes than CDH with true defect requiring patch repair. However, at 30 days, they more often required oxygen supplementation (46% versus 26%, p = 0.03) and had a higher recurrence rate (8% versus 0%, p = 0.006) (three eventration and two hernia sac patients). Conclusion: Patients without a true defect seem to have a more similar clinical outcome than CDH patients with a true defect, with a better survival. However, the recurrence rate and duration of oxygen supplementation at 30 days are higher than CDH patients with a true defect.
Operative time greater than 120 minutes is associated with increased pulmonary and thromboembolic complications following revision total hip arthroplasty

The aim of this study was to determine the impact of operative time on the development of early postoperative complications in patients undergoing revision total hip arthroplasty (THA). In this retrospective cohort study, data were collected through the American College of Surgeons National Quality Improvement Program Database. All patients who underwent revision THA between 2007 and 2016 were identified and stratified into groups based on operative time|: 0–60 min, 61–120 min, 121–180 min, and > 180 min. The incidence of early postoperative adverse events with 30 days, including cardiac, pulmonary, renal, septic, thromboembolic, urinary tract, and wound complications, death, length of stay > 7 days, and unplanned return to the operating room were collected. The complications rates following revision THA were evaluated with univariate and multivariate analyses with significance set at p 120 min of operative time had a significantly increased risk of the development of pulmonary (OR: 1.339; 95% CI: 1.08–1.661; p = 0.008) and thromboembolic complications (OR: 1.34; 95% CI: 1.053–1.707; p = 0.017) and also had an extended length of stay greater than 7 days (OR: 1.413; 95% CI: 1.295–1.541; p 120 min) during revision THA is associated with increased risk of pulmonary and thromboembolic complications, and prolonged hospitalizations (greater than seven days).
Outcomes of Common Major Surgical Procedures in Older Adults With and Without Dementia.

This cross-sectional study uses data from the Premier Healthcare Database to compare in-hospital mortality, home discharge, and hospital length of stay among older adults with and without dementia who have undergone major surgical procedures.
Integrating Government Silos: Local Emergency Management and Public Health Department Collaboration for Emergency Planning and Response

The United States arguably faces the most serious disaster it has faced since World War II: the COVID-19 pandemic. The pandemic itself has created further cascading economic, financial, and social crises. To date, approximately 114,000 Americans have died and approximately 2,000,000 (as of this writing) have become infected. American emergency planning and response, including for pandemics, begins at the local (city, town, and county) level, close to the individuals and communities most impacted. During crises like COVID-19, natural and other disasters, best practices include “whole of government” and “whole community” approaches, involving all parts of the government, community organizations, institutions, and businesses, with representation from diverse individual community stakeholders. Local emergency management and public health agencies are at the heart of emergency planning and response and thus warrant further examination. While collaboration between the two is recognized as a best practice, in reality there appear to be silos and gaps. This Commentary describes the American emergency planning system and the roles of local emergency management and public health departments. Closer examination illuminates similarities and differences in practitioner demographics, professional competencies, organizational goals, and culture. The Commentary reviews the limited research and observations of collaboration efforts and suggests areas for integrating the two practice areas in future research, education, professional training, and practice. Breaking down the silos will strengthen local emergency and public health preparedness planning and response, ultimately leading to stronger community health, well-being, resilience, and more efficient local administration.
Lamenting Loss: A New Understanding of Trauma in Lam 1

This article experiments with the applicability of modern trauma studies in applied interpretations of Lamentations. Using theories from Kai Erickson, Cathy Caruth, Ruth Leys, and more, this work w...
Total parenteral nutrition.

The need for adequate nutrition is now considered a fundamental tenet in the management of most diseases. In the last decade, total parenteral nutrition has evolved as an important means for accomplishing this goal.
Humility and Empathy in Emancipatory Politics

What does it look like for members of differently situated social groups to cultivate understanding in ways that are productive in the context of emancipatory social movements? Through a reading of the use of empathy and humility in antebellum antislavery narratives, I criticize a model of such understanding grounded in empathy and defend a model grounded in humility. On the empathy model, increasing understanding consists in learning more about the experience of members of other social groups. I argue that when privileged political actors focus on cultivating empathy with subordinated political actors, they tend to act in ways that efface the latter’s own political judgment and agency. On the humility model, increasing understanding consists in acknowledging the limits and particularities of one’s social position. Cultivating humility is still a matter of increasing understanding, however: humble political actors are better able to acknowledge other persons as autonomous and equal political agents.
Carborane Guests for Cucurbit[7]uril Facilitate Strong Binding and On-Demand Removal.

High-affinity guests have been reported for the macrocyclic host cucurbit[7]uril (CB[7]), enabling widespread applications, but hindering CB[7] materials from being returned to their guest-free sta...
Comparison of Amino Acid PET to Advanced and Emerging MRI Techniques for Neurooncology Imaging: A Systematic Review of the Recent Studies

Introduction Standard neuroimaging protocols for brain tumors have well-known limitations. The clinical use of additional modalities including amino acid PET (aaPET) and advanced MRI (aMRI) techniques (including DWI, PWI, and MRS) is emerging in response to the need for more accurate detection of brain tumors. In this systematic review of the past 2 years of the literature, we discuss the most recent studies that directly compare or combine aaPET and aMRI for brain tumor imaging. Methods A PubMed search was conducted for human studies incorporating both aaPET and aMRI and published between July 2018 and August 2020. Results A total of 22 studies were found in the study period. Recent studies of aaPET with DWI showed a superiority of MET, FET, FDOPA, and AMT PET for detecting tumor, predicting recurrence, diagnosing progression, and predicting survival. Combining modalities further improved performance. Comparisons of aaPET with PWI showed mixed results about spatial correlation. However, both modalities were able to detect high-grade tumors, identify tumor recurrence, differentiate recurrence from treatment effects, and predict survival. aaPET performed better on these measures than PWI, but when combined, they had the strongest results. Studies of aaPET with MRS demonstrated that both modalities have diagnostic potential but MET PET and FDOPA PET performed better than MRS. MRS suffered from some data quality issues that limited analysis in two studies, and, in one study that combined modalities, overall performance actually decreased. Four recent studies compared aaPET with emerging MRI approaches (such as CEST imaging, MR fingerprinting, and SISTINA), but the initial results remain inconclusive. Conclusions aaPET outperformed the aMRI imaging techniques in most recent studies. DWI and PWI added meaningful complementary data, and the combination of aaPET with aMRI yielded the best results in most studies.
Sonographic Detection of Placenta Percreta With Associated Placenta Previa and Succenturiate Lobe

Placenta percreta is the most complicated degree of the placenta accreta spectrum (PAS). It involves placental invasion through the uterine myometrium and into, or beyond, the uterine serosa, which...
Abstract B33: Classification of pancreatic cysts in a minority population through cytokine profiling of cyst fluid fine-needle aspirate

Pancreatic cyst detection rate has increased due to the widespread use of cross-sectional imaging. Pancreatic cysts can be divided pathologically into pseudocysts, non-neoplastic cysts such as serous cystadenomas, and pancreatic cystic neoplasms. Malignant potential is seen in pancreatic cystic neoplasms, particularly mucinous cystic neoplasms and intraductal papillary mucinous neoplasms. Proper identification of mucinous cysts warrants either continual surveillance or evaluation for surgical resection to prevent potential development of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. Large urban medical centers, serving a predominantly minority population with an increased incidence of pancreatic cancer, require accurate and prompt diagnosis of malignant cysts. Currently, the standard cyst fluid analyses include CEA, amylase and cytology. In many cases these are of limited value and new biomarkers need to be defined to assist in accurate designation of cyst type. Previous studies have used proteomic analyses to improve cyst identification. One candidate set of protein markers are cytokines, which are involved in cell-mediated responses. A subset of cytokines has been implicated in the carcinogenic process. We hypothesized that the cytokine concentration in the pancreatic cyst fluid obtained via endoscopic ultrasound fine-needle aspiration will be differentially detected and could be used as an additional test to differentiate mucinous cystadenomas and cystadenocarcinomas from pseudocysts and serous cystoadenomas. The study protocol was designed to determine the pancreatic cyst fluid cytokine levels between mucinous and nonmucinous pancreatic cysts using a slide-based quantitative multiplex cytokine antibody array (Raybiotech, Norcross, GA). The cytokine array allowed for the quantitative detection of 20 cytokines with the parallel measurement of individual cytokine standard curves. Initial screening of 18 samples (8 mucinous, 10 nonmucinous) demonstrated differential detection of multiple cytokine targets, such as IL-1α and IL-5 that were statistically significant (P Citation Format: Rajesh Ramachandran, Larry Siu, Vadim Kurbatov, Evan Grossman, Frank Gress, Laura Martello. Classification of pancreatic cysts in a minority population through cytokine profiling of cyst fluid fine-needle aspirate. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Pancreatic Cancer: Innovations in Research and Treatment; May 18-21, 2014; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(13 Suppl):Abstract nr B33.
Rising Mountain Ranges

Stable isotope measurements of ancient soil minerals reveal the elevation history of a mountainous region in the Bolivian Andes.
Practical and value compatibility: their roles in the adoption, diffusion, and success of telecommuting

Innovation literature has long advocated that an innovation may be compatible or incompatible with an organization’s existing systems or resources (Rogers 1983). Compatibility of an innovation has traditionally meant that the innovation is compatible with the existing values, skills, and work practices of potential adopters. However, Tornatzky and Klein (1982) criticized this multi-faceted definition of compatibility as too broad, noting that compatibility may refer to compatibility with the values or norms of potential adopters (value compatibility) or it may represent congruence with existing practices of the adopters (practical compatibility). Much anecdotal evidence exists that employee telecommuting may be incompatible with both value and practical compatibility. Therefore, this study investigates compatibility and its relationship to telecommuting’s adoption, diffusion and success among IS personnel. The organization’s ability to secure telecommuting (a dimension of practical compatibility) was found to be a major facilitator of the adoption and diffusion of telecommuting. Group values were found to be major facilitators of diffusion and success, and practical compatibility was found to be a facilitator of success. Implications for research and management are discussed.
Stability of switching systems and generalized joint spectral radius

This paper studies the mean stability of stochastic switching linear systems. We first show that the mean stability is characterized by an extended version of so called generalized joint spectral radius. Then it is shown that, under an invariance condition, the quantity can be computed as the spectral radius of a certain matrix associated with the given switching system. Also we show that the mean square stability is equivalent to the existence of a Lyapunov function. Our results are illustrated by numerical examples.
A Brief Global Perspective on Biomass for Bioenergy and Biofuels

Biomass has a large energy potential. A comparison between the available potential with the current use shows that, on a worldwide level, about two-fifths of the existing biomass energy potential is used. In most areas of the world the current biomass use is clearly below the available potential. Only for Asia does the current use exceed the available potential, i.e. non-sustainable biomass use. Therefore, increased biomass use, e.g. for upgrading is possible in most countries. A possible alternative is to cover the future demand for renewable energy, by increased utilization of forest residues and residues from the wood processing industry, e.g. for production of densified biofuels (Parrika, 2004). If carried out on a large scale, the increased use of agricultural resources for energy will have the effect of raising the prices of most commodity crops and reducing the need for subsidies – with particular benefit for producers of commodity crops in developing countries. An aggressive program of bioenergy development could lead to reductions in government support to farmers without any loss of income. The long-term success of bio-based facilities and markets is dependent in part on the level of commitment of feedstock from forest landowners and farmers. Forest, crop, and animal residues present considerable potential as a biomass feedstock. They are renewable, sustainable, locally available, and often considered carbon-neutral when compared to fossil fuels (Hoogwijk, 2004; Mathews, 2008).