cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with panic symptom severity following a quit attempt among cannabis dependent veterans

Background and Objectives: Prior research suggests that difficulties in emotion regulation are associated with elevations in panic symptoms. The present study aimed to extend this work by prospectively examining the relation between difficulties in emotion regulation and panic symptoms over the course of a self-guided cannabis cessation attempt. Design and Method: One hundred and four cannabis-dependent military veterans participated in the study. Difficulties in emotion regulation and panic symptoms were assessed at baseline and at each week during a four-week cessation attempt for a total of five time-points. Results: Fewer difficulties in emotion regulation were associated with a greater reduction in panic symptoms during the self-guided cannabis cessation period. Results remained significant after statistically adjusting for mean substance use (i.e., cannabis, alcohol, and tobacco) during the study period. Conclusions: Results are discussed in terms of integrating adaptive emotion regulation skills tr...
Partially Observable SDE Models for Image Sequence Recognition Tasks

This paper explores a framework for recognition of image sequences using partially observable stochastic differential equation (SDE) models. Monte-Carlo importance sampling techniques are used for efficient estimation of sequence likelihoods and sequence likelihood gradients. Once the network dynamics are learned, we apply the SDE models to sequence recognition tasks in a manner similar to the way Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are commonly applied. The potential advantage of SDEs over HMMS is the use of continuous state dynamics. We present encouraging results for a video sequence recognition task in which SDE models provided excellent performance when compared to hidden Markov models.
The sliding threshold of modification hypothesis: application to the effect of hypothyroidism or chronic psychosocial stress and nicotine on synaptic plasticity.

Abstract The Bienenstock, Cooper, and Munro (BCM) theory or the sliding threshold model can be used to explain the changes in synaptic plasticity related to learning and memory, namely long-term potentiation (LTP) and depression (LTD). In this study, we applied synaptic plasticity changes induced by either chronic psychosocial stress or hypothyroidism, and their restoration by chronic nicotine treatment, to the sliding threshold model. Psychosocial stress- or hypothyroidism-induced changes in synaptic plasticity generated a shift in the sliding threshold of modification ( θ m ) toward LTD. In addition, chronic nicotine treatment restored the θ m to the normal position by normalizing psychosocial stress- or hypothyroidism-induced impairment of LTP and enhancement of LTD. The data correlate with our previous findings: a shift in the balance of kinase/phosphatase toward phosphatase during psychosocial stress or hypothyroidism, which is restored by chronic nicotine treatment.
Physiology analysis system

In order to address the needs of managing and analyzing large amounts of continuous physiologic data for a diversity of human and animal research studies, the U.S. Army is developing the Physiology Analysis System. This flexible, modular, and interactive research system integrates both data and analysis tools at a central server location, eliminating painstaking downloads to the researchers workstation. The system offers, through a Web browser, a feature-rich, workstation-like environment that analysts require to perform sophisticated post-hoc data mining. For proof-of-demonstration, the Physiology Analysis System is being used to warehouse and analyze continuous pre-hospital vital-sign data collected during transport from the scene of the incident to the trauma center for over 900 civilian trauma casualties.
Contrasting styles of chemical compaction in the Upper Pennsylvanian Dennis Limestone in the Midcontinent region, U.S.A.

ABSTRACT The Upper Pennsylvanian Dennis Limestone of the U.S. Mid-continent region displays a wide variety of pressure dissolution features, the distribution of which was governed largely by patterns of earlier diagenesis. Intergranular compaction in grainstones, measured quantitatively using a newly-developed compaction index, is generally restricted to diagenetic facies that received little cement. Compaction is greatest in the most seaward and stratigraphically lowest facies, where degrading neomorphism, an apparent result of compaction, also occurred despite shallow burial and absence of tectonic deformation. The least compaction in grainstones occurred in the two well-cemented diagenetic facies that are geographically and stratigraphically in the middle of the formation. Intermediate degr es of compaction occurred in the uppermost, most landward diagenetic facies, which was less extensively cemented than the facies just below. Patterns of earlier cementation, and perhaps dissolution of early cement, were more important than porewater chemistry during burial in determining the extent of pressure dissolution in Dennis Formation limestones. Stylolites occur in the most extensively cemented diagenetic facies, where petrographic relationships suggest that stylolitization was initiated by destruction of large voids generated by dissolution of phylloid algae. Dissolution seams, but not stylolites, occur in clay-rich fine-grained dolomitic limestones. Stylolitization, intergranular pressure dissolution, and degrading neomorphism occurred at burial depths of no more than 800 to 1500 m, but these processes may have been promoted by burial temperatures up to 160°C. The style and extent of chemical compaction vary greatly in the Dennis Formation across as little as 5 m vertically and 40 km laterally. This extreme variability within one formation illustrates that compaction and porosity destruction in limestones may often be unpredictable from a purely geographic or stratigraphic perspective, and emphasizes the necessity of understanding earlier diagenetic and hydrologic systems within any given formation.
Direct model reference adaptive control of a PUMA manipulator

The results of controlling a PUMA 560 robotic manipulator using a Command Generator Tracker (CGT) based model reference adaptive controller (DMRAC) are presented. Initially, the DMRAC algorithm is run in a simulation using a detailed dynamic model of the PUMA 560. The algorithm is tuned on the simulation and then used to control the manipulator using minimum jerk trajectories as the desired reference inputs. Performance achieved in both simulation and on the actual robot shows that the algorithm is robust in the presence of sudden load changes. >
Geospatial Estimation of Individual Exposure to Air Pollutants: Moving from Static Monitoring to Activity-Based Dynamic Exposure Assessment

Spatiotemporal variability of air pollutant concentrations and individuals' mobility are likely to play an important role in health outcomes and, therefore, time–activity-based exposure assessments are likely to be more sensitive compared to static residence-based air pollution estimates. Applied research on the effects of the variability underlying air pollutant concentrations and individuals' mobility on personal exposure estimates remain limited, however. We demonstrate how consideration of individuals' mobility and the spatiotemporal variability of ambient air pollution affect personal exposure estimates using both real-world data and simulated environmental conditions. Our findings suggest that time–activity-based exposure estimates might be quite similar to static estimates if spatiotemporal patterns of air pollution concentration surfaces lack autocorrelation or if an individual has a low level of mobility. There can be substantial differences, though, between two approaches when the air pollution ...
Incorporating constraints from low resolution density map in ab initio structure prediction using Rosetta

We have developed a new method for adding constraints derived from low resolution density maps to Rosetta ab initio prediction method. This method incorporates the geometrical constraints of the helix skeleton that can be detected from a low resolution density map. We propose a 2-stage approach to predict the backbone of a protein from a low resolution map. In stage one, a small set of possible topologies will be predicted for the helix skeleton [1]. This paper describes the second stage that is to predict the backbone of the protein from a low resolution density map. A constraint scoring function was developed and incorporated in the Rosetta simulation process. The entire density map is only used for the final selection among the possible backbones that satisfy the constraints. Our method was tested with 16 mainly alpha-helical proteins ranging from 50 to 150 residues. 12 of the 16 proteins show improved accuracy for both the top 1 prediction and the best of the top 5 predictions. The average improvement of the RMSD to native is 4.76 A for the top 1 model and 3.05 A for the best of the top 5 ranked models when the density map is applied.
The effects of twinning on mother—Offspring behavior in range beef cattle

Abstract Methods to increase the productivity of beef cattle include induced twinning and multiple fostering of calves on nurse cows, but little is known about the capacity of cows to rear more than one calf in a rangeland environment. Eight single and 14 twin calves and their mothers were studied in a 30.4-ha enclosure in a California rangeland environment from 2 to 20 weeks following parturition. Data were obtained on ingestive, grooming, agonistic, play and sexual behaviors, as well as spatial proximity of calves to mothers and peers. Initially, twins spent more time suckling their mothers than did single calves (presumably due to insufficient milk intake), but later adapted by utilizing natural forage and obtaining milk from alien cows. By 15–20 weeks of age, twins were suckling their dams for less than one-quarter of the time spent at 3–6 weeks, whereas the suckling time of single calves did not decline. Thus, twins may experience a natural early weaning from mother's milk. The hypothesis that mother—Offspring bonds are weaker with twins than with singles was supported by the fact that mothers bearing twins groomed their offspring less than mothers with singles, and twins were normally found at greater distances from their mothers than singles. Most long-distance cow—Calf separations resulted from the cow moving to feed or to obtain water. Reunion of mother and young depended on auditory communication; the calf normally traversed most of the intervening distance.
Effectiveness of a multistage driver education program for novice drivers

This research evaluated the potential effectiveness of a multistage driver education program for novice drivers. This was done by comparing the safety experience of two groups of teenage drivers, one of which received additional instruction in a defensive driving workshop and another that did not. The statistical finding that the trained group recorded fewer citations does suggest some potential safety benefits for the supplemental driver-training course evaluated in this study. However, it remains unclear as to whether the training resulted in an immediate safety benefit.
External Influences on Nocturnal Thermally Driven Flows in a Deep Valley

Abstract The dynamics that govern the evolution of nighttime flows in a deep valley, California’s Owens Valley, are analyzed. Measurements from the Terrain-Induced Rotor Experiment (T-REX) reveal a pronounced valley-wind system with often nonclassical flow evolution. Two cases with a weak high pressure ridge over the study area but very different valley flow evolution are presented. The first event is characterized by the appearance of a layer of southerly flow after midnight local time, sandwiched between a thermally driven low-level downvalley (northerly) flow and a synoptic northwesterly flow aloft. The second event is characterized by an unusually strong and deep downvalley jet, exceeding 15 m s−1. The analysis is based on the T-REX measurement data and the output of high-resolution large-eddy simulations using the Advanced Regional Prediction System (ARPS). Using horizontal grid spacings of 1 km and 350 m, ARPS reproduces the observed flow features for these two cases very well. It is found that the ...
Carbon Black Structure Effects in Synthetic Rubbers

Abstract Carbon blacks are composed of spherical particles which are to varying degrees arranged in chainlike structures. This type of particle association, which is readily seen in electron photomicrographs of most carbon blacks, can be termed “primary structure”. The use of the term “structure” to describe interparticle association must not be confused with the basic intraparticle structure of an atomic crystallographic nature. There is strong evidence that primary structure units, and possibly individual particles, can further associate or flocculate in fluid or elastomeric systems. This is a secondary type of structure formation which can be readily disrupted under the influence of mechanical strain. Some investigators have used the term “structure” to describe this strain-sensitive flocculation behavior. It is suggested here that carbon blacks possess both primary structure features and the ability to form secondary structures by flocculation in dispersed systems. The tendency to form secondary struc...
Insights into Multi-Objective Design of Metal–Organic Frameworks

Metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) are a highly versatile class of crystalline porous materials. In recent years, many diverse MOF materials have been experimentally realized, exhibiting a wide range of underlying topologies. In this work, we guide material design efforts by identifying the most promising MOF topologies for achieving high surface area frameworks. High surface area is one of the most targeted properties of MOF materials for adsorption applications, and we focus on evaluating the achievable surface area (gravimetric, volumetric, and a composite function) within each topological class by means of multiobjective optimization, illustrating that researchers can focus on a few select topologies to achieve a particular balance between gravimetric and volumetric surface area.
Na/K Pump: Effect of Obesity and Nutritional State

Publisher Summary Na, K–ATPase, in its role as the major Na/K pump of cells, utilizes significant amounts of energy and thus could be responsible for a considerable proportion of overall cellular thermogenesis. Obesity may, in part, result from disordered cellular thermogenesis and some animal models of obesity have been shown to have both reduced cellular thermogenesis and reduced levels of Na, K–ATPase in tissues. This chapter discusses the status of the Na/K pump in some types of human obesity. In addition, an animal model has been used to determine the influence of dietary factors on tissue Na/K pump activity. It demonstrates a reduction in both the number and the activity of red blood cell Na/K pump units in some obese humans. The increased caloric intake to which obesity is usually attributed results in increased activity of the pump in at least two tissues.
Skills Gap – A Strategy for Increasing Knowledge Worker Supply & Demand

The U.S. Economy has been and continues to be burdened with a “Skills Gap” where the skills of the available workforce are mismatched with the skilled talent needs of employer. The skills gap is especially evident among knowledge workers. Millions of people in the US are looking for jobs while millions of skilled jobs remain open. The unemployed and the underemployed in general do not posess the professional skills necessary for the jobs that are available. The conundrum is this recognized shortage of skilled knowledge workers has not led to the expected increase in salaries traditional economic analysis would suggest. This paper explains the true economic analysis of the skills gap in terms of an economic “wedge” that supresses knowledge worker saleries in the face of worker shortages. The paper recognizes a systemic disharmony between the momentum of traditional higher education and the rapidly changing needs and demands for professional skill sets in the marketplace. Traditional academic institutions are not predisposed to creating job-ready professionals that meet market needs, and private sector businesses are not positioned to fill the professional education, training and development gaps that exist. Significant opportunities exist to reposition the players to cerate opportunities for both academic intuitions and private sector companies to address the skills gap problem efficiently and effectively.
Who's Driving the Bus: The Importance of Interdisciplinary Awareness on the Road to Sustainability

In this paper we examine the inevitable interconnection between engineering, economics and environmental impact in the electricity industry, and how they shape the roles engineers can and should play in designing the energy systems of the future. Involvement of engineers needs to happen in two ways: engineers can bring a technological awareness to the policy debate; and engineers need to be able to identify and re-think their own assumptions about engineering problems, particularly during times of economic and regulatory change. In other words, engineers must help others re-think their assumptions, and engineers must allow others to help them re-think their own. But how do we know which assumptions are valid or invalid in times of change? Often qualitative methods and interdisciplinary collaboration can help.
The 'CASS' approach to component assessment

The CASS scheme limited provides a template for open public use for the purpose of achieving common understanding, common terminology, and common structuring of information for components and subsystems in safety applications. The paper presents an introduction to the template, and the application of that template as the basis for formal product certification.
Navigation Overview for the Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution Mission

The Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution mission is the first mission devoted primarily to the study of the Martian atmosphere. The spacecraft launched on 18 November 2013, entered Mars orbit on ...
Detection of endolymphatic hydrops using traditional MR imaging sequences.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to determine whether Meniere's disease (MD) produces endolymphatic cavity size changes that are detectable using unenhanced high-resolution T2-weighted MRI. Materials & methods This retrospective case-control study included patients with documented MD who had a high-resolution T2-weighted or steady-state free procession MRI of the temporal bones within one month of diagnosis, between 2002 and 2015. Patients were compared to age- and sex- matched controls. Cross sectional area, length, and width of the vestibule and utricle were measured in both ears along with the width of the basal turn of the cochlea and its endolymphatic space. Absolute measurements and ratios of endolymph to perilymph were compared between affected, contralateral, and control ears using analysis of variance and post-hoc pairwise comparisons. Results Eighty-five case-control pairs were enrolled. Mean utricle areas for affected, contralateral, and control ears were 0.038 cm2, 0.037 cm2, and 0.033 cm2. Mean area ratios for affected, contralateral, and control ears were 0.32, 0.32, and 0.29. There was a statistically significant difference between groups for these two variables; post-hoc comparisons revealed no difference between affected and contralateral ears in Meniere's patients, while ears in control patients were different from the ears of patients with MD. All other measurements failed to show significant differences. Conclusions Enlargement of the endolymphatic cavity can be detected using non-contrast T2-weighted MRI. MRI, using existing protocols, can be a useful diagnostic tool for the evaluation of MD, and intratympanic or delayed intravenous contrast may be unnecessary for this diagnosis.
A review of objective assessments of orthopaedic analgesic efficacy of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in horses

There are a limited number of published objective assessments of the orthopaedic efficacy of various non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) in horses. Several different models of pain in horses have been used, but the least invasive orthopaedic model is the reversible foot lameness model using a shoe with either a mechanical heart bar or an eccentrically-placed threaded nut accommodating a bolt, with both models allowing variable levels of lameness after tightening of the bar or bolt against the solar surface of the foot. These and other models have yielded objective data, reviewed here, on NSAID efficacy in orthopaedic conditions. Phenylbutazone and flunixin are of comparable efficacy, and each is superior to ketoprofen, in the reversible model of foot pain, evidenced at rest, during treadmill exercise, and during recovery after exercise. The selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor firocoxib, given either orally or intravenously, appears to be an effective alternative to traditional pan-COX-in...
Large versus Small Group Administration of Selected Attitude, Self-Concept, and Locus-of-Control Scales

Constraints on research in applied settings frequently require gathering data under nonstandard, disruptive conditions that might be presumed to influence results on certain scales, especially affe...
Steam methane reforming furnace temperature balancing via CFD model-based optimization

In this work, we introduce a furnace balancing algorithm that generates an optimized furnace-side feed distribution that has the potential to improve the thermal efficiency of reformers. The furnace balancing algorithm is composed of three major components: data generation, model identification and a model-based balancing scheme. Initially, we adopt a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an industrial-scale reformer developed in our previous work for the data generation, as this model has been confirmed to simulate the typical transport and chemical reaction phenomena observed during reformer operation, and the CFD simulation data is in good agreement with various sources in literature. Then, we propose a model identification scheme in which the algorithm is formulated based on the least squares regression method and basic knowledge of radiative heat transfer. Subsequently, we create a model-based balancing scheme that is formulated as an optimization problem within which the furnace-side feed distribution is the decision variable, and minimizing the sum of the weighted squared deviations of outer reforming tube wall temperatures from a set-point value for all reforming tubes is used as the objective function. CFD simulation results provide evidence that the optimized furnace-side feed distribution created by the furnace balancing algorithm can reduce the temperature nonuniformity inside the combustion chamber, and therefore, allow the reformer thermal efficiency to be increased without shortening the unit's service life.
Agent and task modeling at honeywell

Introduction Modeling the activities, knowledge, and requirements of agents (both human and automated) has been recognized as a recurrent theme in research conducted by members of the Software and Systems Technology Area (SSTA) at the Honeywell Technology Center (HTC). In fact, we have formed a special interest group that aims to collate and clarify the broad range of task and agent modeling experiences of the hundred-odd SSTA members. This paper gives a high-level overview of the various functions agent modeling has played in our research, as exemplified in several projects. We hope that this effort will eventually lead to fruitful cooperative activities with other researchers pursuing related work.
Digital estimation and correction of DAC errors in multibit ΔΣ ADCs

An adaptive digital algorithm is described for acquiring and correcting the errors of the feedback DAC used in a multibit /spl Delta//spl Sigma/ ADC. The method is highly accurate, and is particularly useful for wideband ADCs, where mismatch error shaping becomes ineffective.
Basal Role for Nrf2-transgne on transcriptional (mRNA/miRNA) regulation in the mouse myocardium

Background: NFE2L2 (nuclear factor, erythroid 2 like 2; Nrf2), is a stress responsive transcription factor that regulates cellular redox homeostasis. The action mechanism of Nrf2 occurs through sensing oxidative stress in the cellular environment in responses to various stresses including altered metabolism, toxic insult and xenobiotic stresses. However, under the basal condition, the role of excess Nrf2 on global miRNA and mRNA interactions in the myocardium is unknown. Here, we tested a hypothesis that excess Nrf2 (transgene) will promote the transcription of antioxidants, which then might escalate the basal defense mechanisms in the heart. Furthermore, we investigated whether changes in the miRNA profile might have a strong role on the transcriptome in TG hearts. Methods: Non transgenic (NTG), and Cardiac specific Nrf2 transgenic (Nrf2 TG) mice in the C57/BL6 background at the age of 6 to 8 months were used to examine transcriptional and posttranscriptional signatures (mRNA and miRNA expressions) by performing next generation sequencing (NGS) for RNA (RNAseq) and small RNA (sRNAseq) for miRNA expressions in the heart (n=3 to 6/group). Validation of the NGS data was performed by quantitative real time PCR (qRT PCR) using specific primers targeting selected miRNAs or mRNAs. Finally, in silico analyses were performed to determine the miRNA and mRNA interactome networks and the pathways that are potentially regulated by these networks. Results: NGS analysis for mRNA indicated that there were 5727 differently expressed genes DEGs) in the Nrf2 TG vs. NTG myocardium. Of which, 3552 were upregulated and 2175 were downregulated significantly. Small RNAseq analysis revealed that 112 miRNAs were significantly altered in Nrf2TG versus NTG hearts. Among these miRNAs, 68 were upregulated and 44 were downregulated significantly. Validation of key targets for mRNA and miRNA by qPCR confirmed the NGS results. In silico analysis (IPA) revealed that the majority of the miRNAs and mRNAs that are significantly altered in response to transgene expression are potentially involved in Nrf2 mediated oxidative stress response, ILK Signaling, hypoxia signaling in the cardiovascular system and glutathione mediated detoxification etc. Conclusion: These high throughput sequencing data sets from cardiac specific Nrf2TG mice revealed the transcriptome wide effects of Nrf2 in the myocardium. Furthermore, our comprehensive analysis indicates that Nrf2 may directly or indirectly regulates these sub sets of cardiac miRNA and mRNA interactome networks under basal physiological setting.
Effects of the addition of boron nitride nanoplate on the fracture toughness, flexural strength, and Weibull Distribution of hydroxyapatite composites prepared by spark plasma sintering.

Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HA) has inherently low fracture toughness and low flexural strength, thus limiting it from wide scale application as an implant material in the biomedical field. To increase the fracture toughness and flexural strength, HA composites were fabricated by adding boron nitride nanoplatelets (BNNP) as reinforcement. Spark plasma sintering was utilized to achieve fine grain structure. The addition of BNNP facilitated grain size refinement. The BNNP reinforced HA composites exhibited increased fracture toughness (2.3 MPa m1/2) and flexural strength (79.79 MPa) of HA over previous published values (1.0 MPa m1/2). Despite that the Weibull Distribution indicated a sacrifice in mechanical reliability, all the composites fabricated in this study showed a low probability of failure and a factor of safety (~ 5.6) that is consistent with that of human bones (~ 6). In addition, the current study provides an approach to statistically design sintering parameters and mechanical loading for fabrication of ceramics.
Reverse breakdown studies of GaN MOSCAPs and their implications in vertical GaN power devices

P-n diodes and metal-oxide-semiconductor-capacitors (MOSCAPs) are integral parts of vertical GaN power MOSFETs. The voltage in the off-state in trench MOSFETs is held by the p-n junction (source-drain) and the MOSCAP (gate-drain). Although the understanding of the reverse bias behavior of the p-n diode and the MOSCAP component is critical, the literature is sparse pertaining to the reverse bias studies of GaN MOSCAPs. In this work, we present a detailed investigation on the reverse bias behavior of in situ grown GaN MOSCAPs. A photo-assisted I-V technique is also presented to estimate the reverse breakdown field of the gate-dielectric.
The Physician As a Witness

This chapter is a personal reflection on the role of the physician as an expert witness in medical malpractice litigation. It looks at both the individual experience and professional obligations of the expert from both the medical and the legal perspectives. A number of practical suggestions for courtroom preparation and deportment are presented.
THEORY OF POLARIZED LIGHT FIELDS IN DISCRETE SPACES

This chapter discusses the theory of polarized light fields in discrete spaces. Discrete-space radiative transfer theory can supply the polarized context with relatively tractable discrete counterparts to the continuous-space concepts. The polarized form of the local interaction principle leads to a set of vector equations. The polarized form of the local interaction principle leads to a complete phenomenological description of radiative transfer processes on discrete spaces without adding essentially new mathematical problems to the discrete-space transfer theory. A phenomenological definition of a physical concept is based on the use of a given real apparatus and prescribed set of operations with that apparatus. The polarizer can be manufactured from some natural polarizing material such as tourmaline or from some man-made polarizing material, such as polaroid sheets. The chapter explains how the discrete-space theory can be uniformly elevated from the unpolarized to the polarized case.
Understanding and managing human tolerance for a large carnivore in a residential system

Abstract Human tolerance for interactions with large carnivores is an important determinant of their persistence on the landscape, yet the relative importance of factors affecting tolerance is not fully understood. Further, the impact of management efforts to alter tolerance has not been adequately assessed. We developed a model containing a comprehensive set of predictors drawn from prior studies and tested it through a longitudinal survey measuring tolerance for black bears (Ursus americanus) in the vicinity of Durango, Colorado, USA. Predictors included human-bear conflicts, outcomes of interactions with bears, perceptions of benefits and risks from bears, trust in managers, perceived similarity with the goals of managers, personal control over risks, value orientations toward wildlife, and demographic factors. In addition, we monitored changes in tolerance resulting from a bear-proofing experiment designed to reduced garbage-related conflicts in the community. Residents who perceived greater benefits associated with bears and more positive impacts from bear-related interactions had higher tolerance. Residents who perceived greater risks and more negative impacts and who had greater trust in managers, domination wildlife value orientations, and older age were less tolerant. Conflicts with bears were not an important predictor, supported by our finding that changes in conflicts resulting from our bear-proofing experiment did not affect tolerance. In contrast to conservation approaches that focus primarily on decreasing human-wildlife conflicts, our findings suggest that communication approaches aimed at increasing public tolerance for carnivores could be improved by emphasizing the benefits and positive impacts of living with these species.
Ictal onset sites and γ-aminobutyric acidergic neuron loss in epileptic pilocarpine-treated rats.

Objective The present study tested whether ictal onset sites are regions of more severe interneuron loss in epileptic pilocarpine-treated rats, a model of human temporal lobe epilepsy. Methods Local field potential recordings were evaluated to identify ictal onset sites. Electrode sites were visualized in Nissl-stained sections. Adjacent sections were processed with proximity ligation in situ hybridization for glutamic acid decarboxylase 2 (Gad2). Gad2 neuron profile numbers at ictal onset sites were compared to contralateral regions. Other sections were processed with immunocytochemistry for reelin or nitric oxide synthase (NOS), which labeled major subtypes of granule cell layer-associated interneurons. Stereology was used to estimate numbers of reelin and NOS granule cell layer-associated interneurons per hippocampus. Results Ictal onset sites varied between and within rats but were mostly in the ventral hippocampus and were frequently bilateral. There was no conclusive evidence of more severe Gad2 neuron profile loss at sites of earliest seizure activity compared to contralateral regions. Numbers of granule cell layer-associated NOS neurons were reduced in the ventral hippocampus. Significance In epileptic pilocarpine-treated rats, ictal onset sites were mostly in the ventral hippocampus, where there was loss of granule cell layer-associated NOS interneurons. These findings suggest the hypothesis that loss of granule cell layer-associated NOS interneurons in the ventral hippocampus is a mechanism of temporal lobe epilepsy.
Major acute cardiovascular events in patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

Background Systemic inflammation and immune-mediated diseases have been associated with ischemic heart disease in addition to traditional risk factors. In this study, we investigate associations between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and acute cardiovascular events. Methods An observational study where patient data were extracted from our health system patient pool of 3 917 894. Propensity scores were calculated for all 15 292 patients (0.39%) with IBD to assemble a 1:1 matched cohort balanced for age, gender, race and known cardiovascular risk factors including hypertension, hyperlipidemia, diabetes mellitus and smoking (current and former). Secondary analyses were performed independently for 6658 patients with ulcerative colitis and 9406 patients with Crohn's disease. ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes were used to identify cardiovascular risk factors and outcomes. Results Matched patients (n = 30 584) had a mean age of 51 years, with 58% being women, and 63% Caucasian. During the median follow-up of 4.4 years, all-cause mortality was observed in 1.7 versus 1.2% of patients from IBD and non-IBD groups, respectively [hazard ratio, 1.31; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.08-1.58; P = 0.005]. Combined outcome for myocardial infarction or cardiovascular mortality was noted in 2.3 and 2.1% from IBD and non-IBD groups, respectively (hazard ratio, 1.04; 95% CI, 0.90-1.21; P = 0.588), while hazard ratios for cardiovascular mortality, myocardial infarction and unstable angina were 1.04 (0.74-1.47; P = 0.833), 1.05 (0.89-1.23; P = 0.591) and 1.10 (0.83-1.46; P = 0.524), respectively. Conclusions Among patients with IBD, incidence of acute coronary events did not show a statistically significant difference when compared to the matched cohort.
Cooperating on Urban Sustainability: A Social Network Analysis of Municipalities across Greater Melbourne

This paper presents a social network analysis of twenty-five municipalities within Greater Melbourne to determine which organizations are most central in urban sustainability work. By analysing how...
Exact Partitioning of High-order Planted Models with a Tensor Nuclear Norm Constraint.

We study the problem of efficient exact partitioning of the hypergraphs generated by high-order planted models. A high-order planted model assumes some underlying cluster structures, and simulates high-order interactions by placing hyperedges among nodes. Example models include the disjoint hypercliques, the densest subhypergraphs, and the hypergraph stochastic block models. We show that exact partitioning of high-order planted models (a NP-hard problem in general) is achievable through solving a computationally efficient convex optimization problem with a tensor nuclear norm constraint. Our analysis provides the conditions for our approach to succeed on recovering the true underlying cluster structures, with high probability.
Descending Bass Schemata and Negative Emotion in Western Song

A descending bass line coordinated with sad lyrics is often described as evoking the "lament" topic—a signal to listeners that grief is being conveyed (Caplin, 2014). In human speech, a similar pattern of pitch declination occurs as air pressure is lost ('t Hart, Collier, & Cohen, 1990) which—coordinated with the premise that sad speech is lower in pitch (Lieberman & Michaels, 1962)—suggests there may be a cognitive-ecological association between descending bass lines and negative emotion more broadly. This study reexamines the relationship between descending bass lines and sadness in songs with lyrics. First, two contrasting repertoires were surveyed: 703 cantata movements by J. S. Bach and 740 popular music songs released ca. 1950–1990. Works featuring descending bass lines were identified and bass lines extracted by computationally parsing scores for bass or the lowest sounding musical line that descends incrementally by step. The corresponding lyrics were then analyzed using the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count (Pennebaker et al., 2015a, 2015b). Results were not consistent with the hypothesis that descending bass lines are associated with a general negative affect and thus also not specifically with sadness. In a follow-up behavioral study, popular music excerpts featuring a descending bass were evaluated for the features of sad sounds (Huron, Anderson, & Shanahan, 2014) by undergraduate musicians. Here, tempo and articulation, but not interval size as anticipated, were found to be the best predictors of songs with descending bass lines.
Examining Decision-Making Processes and Heuristics in Academic Help-Seeking and Instructional Environments

College students often need to seek academic help, especially in online environments. Students may choose from variety of options for help, including their instructor, the internet, and friends. Current research efforts fail to fully explain undergraduate students’ source selection process available in a real-world context. A holistic, learner-centered approach to understanding the decision-making process may result in more effective instructional practices to increase student help-seeking behavior. This study explored how college students describe their decision-making process regarding the selection of help-seeking sources. Interviews were conducted with 25 undergraduate students in their third or fourth year of study to explore their decision-making process when selecting academic help sources. Several themes emerged from the data regarding how participants described their decision-making process checkpoints. The examination of decision-making heuristics may provide a new method to explore help-seeking behavior. Implications for further research exploring decision-making processes associated with academic help-seeking are discussed.
The 1096 Eichō Earthquake and Tsunami

The 1096 Nankai Trough tsunamigenic earthquake devastated communities along the Suruga and Ise coasts. The earthquake also caused damage to large and symbolically important buildings in the capital in Kyoto—this damage is better recorded in historical sources than the impact on the vulnerable communities on the coast. The difference in the scale of the damage and what is known about it in both areas are reflections of both the political and physical landscapes. Responses to the disaster, too, were shaped by this distance, with the concerns of the capital taking precedence.
The Sydney Jewish Museum and the Religious Studies Project with Breann Fallon

Pursuing a degree in religious studies sometimes seems to lead only to an academic position. Ph.D. candidate Breann Fallon suggests otherwise. Drawing upon her work as a Co-Editor of the Religious Studies Project and the Sydney Jewish Museum’s Educational Team, Fallon shows that there are possibilities and opportunities. Fallon candidly tells her story and how she marshaled her academic training to pursue passion projects in the broader educational economy.
United We Feel Stronger? On the Olympics and Political Ideology

Collective ideologies are a feature of the Olympic Games as individual athletes represent entire nations. Prior research has explored one dimension of Olympic ideology, finding a link between national pride and hosting the Olympics. This paper extends the literature by considering a wider variety of ideological indicators, such as confidence in several different components of government and beliefs about different political systems. The results using a series of global surveys across several decades suggest that success at the Olympics and hosting of the Olympics does not guarantee greater citizen support or government legitimacy. Performance in the Summer or Winter Olympics has no consistent effect on the ideological views of survey respondents. In terms of hosting, the effect on ideology varies across the Summer and Winter Olympics. Hosting the Summer Olympics weakens citizen support and government legitimacy while hosting the Winter Olympics strengthens these ideologies. These effects vary based upon the level of democratic quality of the host nations for the Summer Olympics but not for the Winter Olympics.
Systemic Venous Hypertension and Low Output Are Prevalent at Catheterization in Adults with Pulmonary Atresia and Intact Ventricular Septum Regardless of Repair Strategy.

Patients with pulmonary atresia and intact ventricular septum (PA-IVS) require intervention early in life, and most survive to a definitive procedure of either Fontan circulation or right ventricle to pulmonary artery (RV-PA) repair. It remains unknown how surgical strategy impacts hemodynamics and comorbidities in adults. Retrospective analysis of adults (age ≥18 years) with PA-IVS undergoing hemodynamic catheterization at Mayo Clinic, MN between January 2000 through January 2020 was performed. Fourteen patients in the RV-PA group (71% biventricular, 29% 1.5 ventricle repair) and 19 post-Fontan patients [9 lateral tunnel (48%), 6 atriopulmonary (32%), and 4 extracardiac (21%)] were identified. Median age was 29 (21, 34) years. There were no differences in demographics and laboratory data (including MELD-XI) between groups. All patients assessed for liver disease had evidence of hepatic congestion or cirrhosis (14 in the Fontan group and 4 in the RV-PA group). Invasive hemodynamics were comparable between groups with the Fontan and RV-PA groups having similar systemic venous pressure (15.7±4.4 vs. 14.3±6.2, p=0.44) and cardiac output (2.2±0.6 vs. 2.0±0.4 L/min/m2, p=0.23). There was no difference in transplant-free survival (p=0.92; 5-year transplant-free survival RV-PA 84%, Fontan 80%). Hemodynamic derangements, namely elevated systemic venous pressure and low cardiac output, are prevalent in patients with PA-IVS undergoing cardiac catheterization regardless of surgical strategy.
Active Learning Approaches to Integrating Technology into a Middle School Science Curriculum Based on 21st Century Skills

In order to prepare our next generation of scientists, continual improvements in the curriculum are required to capture students’ interest in the sciences early in their developmental years. Improving students’ conceptual understanding, perceived value and enjoyment of science is critical in creating the scientific literacy that is necessary for the 21st century. This chapter describes active learning strategies that are not currently widely adopted but have been shown to be effective in enhancing middle school deep learning of content, as well as fostering positive dispositions toward science and related fields. The authors propose that mechanisms such as these can be institutionalized in the middle school science curriculum. Reasons for why these more innovative strategies are not currently employed by a wider community and steps conducive to wide scale adoption are discussed. Examples of successful programs that use the strategies of active, engaged learning are described as well as ways in which these innovative approaches can be implemented into the classroom.
Influence of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine on morphine tolerance and physical dependence.

Abstract The intracerebral administration of 5,6-dihydroxytryptamine (5,6-DHT) in the mouse inhibited the development of tolerance to and physical dependence on morphine induced by morphine pellet implantation. Reduction in tolerance development by 5,6-DHT was evidenced by the decreased amount of morphine necessary to produce analgesia and reduction in dependence development by the increase in the amount of naloxone necessary to induce precipitated withdrawal jumping in comparison with morphine-implanted animals receiving saline. Further evidence that 5,6-DHT reduced dependence development on morphine was evidenced by the fact that 5,6-DHT decreased the loss in body weight which occurred after abrupt morphine withdrawal. At the dose of 5,6-DHT used in this study (60 μg of the creatinine sulfate dihydrate 24 hr prior to morphine pellet implantation), the 5-HT level in the brain 4 days later was 75% of that of the control group while catecholamine levels remain unchanged. These studies substantiate the suggestion from this laboratory that central serotonergic system may be associated in the development of morphine tolerance and dependence.
Computer Science: Is It Really the Scientific Foundation for Software Engineering?

There are significant differences between an engineering discipline founded on a natural science and one founded on a formal science.
Tribes and Territories in the 21st Century: Rethinking the significance of disciplines in higher education

Edited by Paul Trowler, Murray Saunders and Veronica Bamber (Routledge, London, 2012), viii + 287 pp., £100 (hbk), ISBN: 978-0-415-88062-6 In 1989 Tony Becher authored the book, Academic Tribes and...
Calcification of prosthetic valve anuli: A late complication of cardiac valve replacement

Abstract A previously undescribed late complication of cardiac valve replacement is calcification at the site of attachment of prostheses. Of 24 patients in whom purely incompetent, non-calcified mitral or aortic valves were replaced with rigid-framed prostheses 3 to 116 months earlier, nine (seven mitral, two aortic) of 26 valves had prosthetic anular calcific deposits. Of the eight prostheses in place for 70 months or longer all contained anular calcific deposits; only one of the 18 valves in place for less than 70 months had periprosthetic calcific deposits. The extent of prosthetic calcium also increased with time. The mechanism of formation of prosthetic anular calcium is uncertain, but accelerated wear of the tissues beneath the prostheses due to the constant to-and-fro motion of the rigid frames may be a factor. Possible complications of prosthetic anular calcific deposits include suture rupture, peribasilar leak, and increased hazard to reoperation.