cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Three-dimensional intricacies in protein-DNA recognition and transcriptional control.

Transcription factors 'recognize' relatively short DNA consensus sequences; their full specificity must depend on a broader set of protein-protein and protein-DNA interactions. Joshi et al. show that, in addition to forming base pair–specific hydrogen bonds in the DNA major groove, certain Hox proteins detect DNA shape in the minor groove.
Evidence for the absence of 4He adsorption on cesium coated graphite surface

In agreement with recent theoretical predictions, volumetric vapor pressure isotherm studies indicate a substantial reduction in the adsorption of 4He at temperature near and below 2K when the graphite surface is coated with Cs.
Sailing in Neurath’s Boat with Infants (and Avoiding Shipwreck)

Selon la psychologie du developpement cognitif, l'enfant construit des concepts coherents et independants, c'est-a-dire des theories abstraites, pour expliquer et prevoir les mouvements des objets et les comportements humains. Selon Gopnik et Meltzoff, le developpement des theories commence des la naissance. Ils cherchent donc a determiner les aptitudes cognitives des nouveau-nes et des nourrissons et ils demontrent que le langage des adultes est l'une des plus importantes sources d'information dans la construction des theories chez l'enfant
Simple collimator for use with diamond‐anvil cells in a synchrotron beam

A simple double‐slit system is described which allows a synchrotron beam to be collimated onto a small sample (∼150‐μm diameter) in a diamond‐anvil cell using remote control. The apparatus can be constructed easily and inexpensively, and allows the shutter positions to be monitored accurately using readily available electronic equipment. A desirable feature of the collimator is the relatively small time needed for adjustment.
Clinobisvanite, eulytite, and namibite from the Pala pegmatite district, San Diego Co., California, USA

The 100 Ma complex LCT-type composite pegmatite- aplite dykes, intruded into various units of the Southern California Batholith, are known to contain bismuth minerals. Jahns and Wright (1951) reported the following primary and secondary bismuth minerals from the quartz-rich cores of a number of dykes in the Pala district, San Diego Co., California: native bismuth, bismuthinite, bismite, bismutite, and beyerite.
Hydroformylation of 1,4-Diacetoxy-2-butene Using HRh(CO)(PPh3)3 Tethered on Alumina as a Catalyst: Kinetic Study

Hydroformylation of 1,4-diacetoxy-2-butene (DAB) was studied using [HRh(CO)(PPh 3 ) 3 ] complex catalyst tethered on alumina using phosphotungstic acid (PTA) as an anchoring agent, with the aim to understand the product distribution, selectivity, and intrinsic kinetics. It was observed that with the tethered heterogeneous catalyst a simultaneous hydroformylation followed by deacetoxylation steps was possible, which is relevant for combining two steps in the sequence of synthesis of vitamin-A intermediate [2-formyl-4-acetoxy butene (FAB)]. 31 P cross-polarization magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (CP MAS NMR) and infrared (IR) instrumental techniques were found be the most effective techniques to establish the catalyst structure and true heterogeneity. On the basis of the spectroscopic evidence, we postulate the loss of a PPh 3 group during tethering to give HRh(CO)(PPh 3 ) 2 -PTA-Al 2 O 3 as a heterogeneous complex catalyst. Experimental data on the concentration-time and CO/H 2 consumption-time profiles were obtained and the effects of DAB concentration, CO partial pressure, H 2 partial pressure, and catalyst loading were studied in a 50 mL stirred batch reactor over a temperature range of 338-358 K. The analysis of solid-liquid-gas mass transfer effects was investigated to ensure that the reaction was operating in the kinetic regime. Various models were developed, and the best model was chosen by a model discrimination procedure. The agreement between the model prediction and the experimental data was found to be excellent. The activation energies for the hydroformylation and deacetoxylation steps were found to be 42.5 and 80.2 kJ/mol.
Low bioavailable testosterone levels predict future height loss in postmenopausal women

The objective of this study was to examine the relation of endogenous sex hormones to subsequent height loss in postmenopausal women, in whom height loss is usually a surrogate for osteoporotic vertebral fractures. This was a prospective, community-based study. The site chosen was Rancho Bernardo, an upper middle class community in Southern California. A total of 170 postmenopausal women participated, aged 55-80 years. None of them were taking exogenous estrogen between 1972 and 1974. Plasma was obtained for sex hormone and sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) assays. Estradiol/SHBG and testosterone/SHBG ratios were used to estimate biologically available hormone levels; bioavailable (non-SHBG-bound) testosterone was measured directly in 60 women. Height loss was based on height measurements taken 16 years apart. Height loss was strongly correlated with age (p = 0.001). These women lost an average 0.22 cm/year in height. Neither estrone nor estradiol levels were significantly and independently related to height loss. Both estimated bioavailable testosterone (testosterone/SHBG ratio) and measured bioavailable testosterone levels predicted future height loss (p = 0.02 and 0.08, respectively) independent of age, obesity, cigarette smoking, alcohol intake, and use of thiazides and estrogen. We conclude that bioavailable testosterone is an independent predictor of height loss in elderly postmenopausal women. The reduced height loss is compatible with a direct effect of testosterone on bone mineral density or bone remodeling.
From IDEA to Implementation: A Discussion of Foundational and Future Responsiveness-to-Intervention Research

The IDEA reauthorization of 2004 highlights the application of responsiveness to intervention (RTI) to both early intervention (EI) service delivery and learning disabilities (LD) identification practices, creating the potential for wide-scale execution. Implementation of any educational reform necessitates more than simply changing practices: It is important to understand the foundation upon which the reform stands, as well as the questions yet unanswered by research. This review of literature, therefore, emphasizes what is known about RTI as well as what remains to be learned, beginning with foundational concepts—model iterations—and moving to applications—EI and LD identification. Ultimately, the complexities of the RTI construct, with its potential for systemic change, necessitate a partnership between researchers and practitioners to both implement and further investigate RTI on a wide scale.
Love Will Do the Thing That's Right: Commentary on Paper by Stuart A. Pizer, Ph.D., A.B.P.P.

Sudden health crises can change a life forever, including the life of the analyst. How do the analyst's physical and emotional crises affect the patient? This discussion of Stuart Pizer's paper first considers how the analyst's experience of illness can vary, depending, in part, on aspects of the patient. The discussion goes on to describe Pizer's case as an encounter between two human beings with differing values and histories of emotional experience. In analysis, our core values about life inevitably shape what we focus on, fight for, and fail to notice. This commentary concludes with a description of the active empathy central to Pizer's therapeutic action. More generally, each analysis requires us to grapple with shifts in the balance of our own emotions, as we discover who we need to be, to participate in a particular treatment process.
Concern for ethics in social, industrial, and clinical psychology as reflected in textbooks and journal articles

Concern for ethics in social, industrial, and clinical psychology was assessed through textbook citations and journal articles for the years 1975-1980. Social psychology showed a high concern in texts and a moderate concern in journal articles. Clinical psychology was low as reflected in texts and high as reflected in journal articles. Industrial psychology had a low number of both textbook citations and journal articles.
Immunoglobulin production and transport by the mammary gland.

In origin immunoglobulins in mammary secretions are both humoral, arising from the blood stream, and local, arising from production by plasmacytes in the mammary gland. The relative importance of each of these sources varies between species. In some species (human, rabbit, etc.), the transfer of maternal immunoglobulins to the blood stream of the neonate occurs in utero across the placental or yolk sac membrane. In other species, including ruminants, transfer of maternal immunoglobulins to the neonate occurs exclusively via the colostrum. Both in utero and colostral routes of transfer are operative in other species. The concentration and class of immunoglobulins in the colostrum and milk of a species reflect the route and origin of the immunoglobulins. Immunoglobulins transferred in quantity in utero or via the colostrum are mainly of the IgG class. Immunoglobulins locally produced by plasmacytes located adjacent to the secretory epithelium and in the mammary secretions are largely of the IgA and IgM ClaSSeS. The bovine transfers large amounts of IgG immunoglobulins, and IgG1 in particular, from the blood stream across the mammary barrier into colostrum (and milk) by a specific transport mechanism. Bovine colostrum and milk also contain much smaller amounts of locally produced IgA and IgM.
Patient-Reported Outcomes, Function, and Gait Mechanics After Fixed and Mobile-Bearing Total Ankle Replacement.

Background: The popularity of total ankle replacement as a treatment for end-stage arthritis continues to grow. The purpose of this study was to assess changes in ankle kinetics and kinematics from a preoperative time point through two years postoperatively in patients who had received either a fixed-bearing or a mobile-bearing implant. Methods: Ninety patients who received a primary total ankle replacement (forty-nine mobile-bearing and forty-one fixed-bearing) were examined. Three-dimensional joint mechanics and ground reaction forces were measured during level walking preoperatively and one and two years postoperatively. Patient-reported and functional outcomes were also collected. Data were analyzed with use of a 3 × 2 repeated-measures analysis of variance (ANOVA) to determine significant differences between implant types and across time (α = 0.05). Results: No significant difference was observed in the ankle motion or step time between implant types or across time. However, there was a greater increase in the peak plantar flexion moment and the Short Form-36 (SF-36) total score across time in the fixed-bearing group than in the mobile-bearing group. Conversely, visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores exhibited greater improvement in the mobile-bearing group than in the fixed-bearing group. Independent of implant type, a significant improvement was observed in walking speed, results of the functional tests, spatiotemporal variables, patient-reported outcomes, and vertical ground reaction forces. Independent of time, the fixed-bearing group demonstrated a significant increase in both the weight-acceptance and the propulsion ground reaction forces compared with the mobile-bearing group. The mobile-bearing group completed the Sit-to-Stand test significantly faster. Conclusions: All of the observed changes suggest improved or maintenance of function following total ankle replacement. In general, the group with a fixed-bearing implant demonstrated improvements in ankle moment and ground reaction forces, while the mobile-bearing-implant group demonstrated improvements in patient-reported pain outcome. There were few significant changes between the two implant types. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level II. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Impulse conduction properties of noradrenergic locus coeruleus axons projecting to monkey cerebrocortex

Antidromically driven action potentials were recorded from norepinephrine-containing locus coeruleus neurons in response to electrical stimulation of cerebrocortical and thalamic areas in anesthetized squirrel monkeys. These cells reliably conducted impulses from cortical sites of distances up to 100 mm from locus coeruleus. Monkey locus coeruleus neurons were found to exhibit several properties previously described for these cells in rat, including slow spontaneous discharge rates, characteristic impulse waveforms, antidromic activation from many target areas, a period of suppressed activity following either antidromic or orthodromic driving and responsiveness to noxious stimuli presented as subcutaneous electrical stimulation of a rear foot. However, a large population of monkey locus coeruleus neurons was found to exhibit more rapid conduction velocities than previously found for rat (e.g. approximately 34% were greater than 1 m/s), resulting in similar conduction latencies to distant target areas in the two species. This indicates that the conduction times required for locus coeruleus impulses to reach distant target areas may be conserved across different species and sizes of brains, suggesting that these latencies play an important role in the general function of the locus coeruleus system in brain and behavioral processes.
Optimal control of robot behaviour using language measure

This paper presents optimal control of robot behaviour in the discrete event setting. Real signed measure of the language of supervised robot behaviour serves as the performance index for synthesis of the optimal policy. The computational complexity of control synthesis is polynomial in the number of states of the deterministic finite state automaton model that is generated from the regular language of the unsupervised robot behaviour. The results of simulation experiments on a robotic test bed are presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed optimal control policy.
Effects of Phytic Acid, Divalent Cations, and Their Interactions on α‐Amylase Activity

The effects of phytic acid and its interactions with divalent cations (Ca++ and Mg++) on α-amylase activity were investigated in model systems. Amylase activity was influenced by both preincubation time with phytate as well as phytate concentration. At 6-30 mM concentrations, Ca++ and Mg++ ions lowered the enzyme activity by 9-34% and 24-49%, respectively. When divalent cations were added simultaneously with phytate, a slight increase in enzyme activity with Ca++ and lowered enzyme activity with Mg++ were observed, as compared to when added independently. The enzyme activity was only moderately lowered when phytate was first preincubated with the divalent cations. Amylase inhibition by phytate was found to be of noncompetative type with an apparent inhibitor constant of 1.75 mM under the assay conditions.
The Joy of Aging: Alex Comfort and the Popularization of Gerontology

Alex Comfort is remembered as the author of the bestselling The Joy of Sex. This versatile and prolific writer, however, also had a distinguished career as a gerontologist, producing many research papers on longevity, publishing important textbooks on the biology of aging and on geriatric psychiatry, and popularizing gerontology in a variety of books and essays for the general public. Exploring a range of his writings—from textbooks to essays, book reviews and magazine articles—this essay will focus on how Comfort drew upon the roles of scientific researcher, doctor, and polemicist to create a series of narratives on aging.
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor antagonist, 3'methoxy-4'nitroflavone, attenuates 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin-dependent regulation of growth factor signaling and apoptosis in the MCF-10A cell line.

Abstract Previous studies have demonstrated that 2,3,7,8 tetracholorodibenzo- p -dioxin (TCDD) mimics epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling in the MCF-10A human mammary epithelial cell line and protects cells from EGF withdrawal-induced apoptosis. These effects appear to be due to the ability of TCDD to increase the expression of transforming growth factor-α (TGFα), a known EGFR ligand. Because TCDD’s effects occurred at concentrations as low as 1 nM, a role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) was hypothesized. In the present study, 3′methoxy-4′nitroflavone (MNF), a known AhR antagonist, was used to analyze AhR signaling in this cell line. MNF suppressed TCDD-dependent dioxin response element (DRE)-driven luciferase activity at concentrations as low as 10 nM. In addition, MNF attenuated TCDD’s ability to inhibit apoptosis and to activate Akt and Erk1,2, two EGFR-dependent signaling molecules. Finally, the TCDD-dependent increase in TGFα mRNA was also suppressed by MNF. MNF’s effects on TCDD action in the MCF-10A cell line occurred at concentrations ranging from 1 nM for Akt phosphorylation and TGFα expression to 100 nM for inhibition of apoptosis. Attenuation of TCDD-dependent luciferase activity occurred at concentrations as low as 10 nM, which suggests that TCDD inhibits apoptosis in human mammary epithelial cells by multiple mechanisms.
Low gravity synthesis of polymers with controlled molecular configuration

Heterogeneous chemical systems have been studied for the synthesis of isotactic polypropylene in order to establish baseline parameters for the reaction process and to develop sensitive and accurate methods of analysis. These parameters and analytical methods may be used to make a comparison between the polypropylene obtained at one g with that of zero g (gravity). Baseline reaction parameters have been established for the slurry (liquid monomer in heptane/solid catalyst) polymerization of propylene to yield high purity, 98% isotactic polypropylene. Kinetic data for the slurry reaction showed that a sufficient quantity of polymer for complete characterization can be produced in a reaction time of 5 min; this time is compatible with that available on a sounding rocket for a zero-g simulation experiment. The preformed (activated) catalyst was found to be more reproducible in its activity than the in situ formed catalyst.
THE NATURAL HISTORY OF CARCINOMA OF THE COLON AND RECTUM.

Abstract Review was made of 583 cases of adenocarcinoma of the colon or rectum in which no treatment or only palliative treatment (exclusive of radiation) was given. The average survival time from diagnosis of incurable disease to death was 9.8 months. Longer survivals were observed in females, in patients with low-grade malignancy and in cases with only local spread of the carcinoma. There was little correlation with duration of symptoms prior to diagnosis or time elapsed before recurrence, with age of the patient at the time of diagnosis or with location of the primary tumor. Shorter survivals were seen in patients who had chronic ulcerative colitis with secondary malignancy.
Self-Lubricating, TiN-MoS2 Composite Coatings Produced by Simultaneous Deposition from Ti((CH3) 2N)4/NH3/MoF6/H2S GAS Mixtures

Composite coatings consisting of discrete phases of TiN and MoS2 were codeposited on graphite substrates from Ti((CH3)2N)4/NH3/MoF6/H2S gas mixtures in a cold-wall reactor at 1073 K and 1.3 kPa. Chemical composition and microstructure of the coatings were characterized by Auger electron spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and transmission electron microscopy. Kinetic friction coefficients of the coatings were determined by a computer-controlled friction microprobe and values less than 0.2 were obtained with a type-440C stainless-steel counterface under ambient condition.
14C-dopamine microinjected into the brain-stem of the rat: dispersion kinetics, site content and functional dose.

Abstract MYERS, R. D. AND D. B. HOCH. 14 C-dopamine microinjected into the brain-stem of the rat: Dispersion kinetics, site content and functional dose . BRAIN RES. BULL. 3 (6)601–609, 1978.—A morphological analysis was undertaken of both the dispersion characteristics and tissue content of dopamine (DA) microinjected acutely into the brain-stem of the anesthetized rat. 14 C-DA, with a specific activity of 56–62 mCi/mMol, was infused unilaterally into the pars compacta of the substantia nigra in one of four test volumes: 0.5, 1.0, 4.0 or 8.0 μl. The concentration of the 14 C-DA solution was 1.0 μCi/μl, equivalent to 3.01 μg/μl, which was delivered at an injection rate of 1.0 μl per 45 sec. At an interval of either one min or 15 min following the microinjection, the rat's brain was removed rapidly from its calvarium, flash frozen and then cut in the coronal plane on a freezing microtome in 500 micron slabs. After each of the respective serial slabs was mounted on glass, the Eik Nes-Brizzee trochar technique for the discrete removal of tissue samples was used to obtain 0.5 mm dia. cylindrical plugs of meso-diencephalic tissue at distances from the site of injection ranging from 0.5 to 2.5 mm, center to center. Each sample plug was subsequently solubilized and 14 C-DA activity quantitated by liquid scintillation spectrometry. The results show that regardless of volume, the spatial patterning of the microinjected solution assumes a tear-drop or pear shape, not a sphere. Further, as the volume of the injection is increased from 0.5 to 8.0 μl, the magnitude of the dispersion of 14 C-DA is enhanced throughout the surrounding parenchyma, but not in a linear fashion. At the 15 min period following the microin-jection, an equal or even greater quantity of 14 C activity is present at a distance of 0.5 or 1.0 mm from the injection site than in the locus itself. In addition, as the microinjection volume is increased from 0.5 to 8.0 μl, the radioactivity detectable in tissue is progressively elevated but approaches a ceiling concentration, suggesting that a physico-chemical saturation level exists for the catecholamine in the rat's brain-stem. Finally, the actual nanogram content of DA detected in the injection site, 1 min after the microinjection, declines from a level of 3% of that amount infused in the 0.5 μl volume to a value of only 1% of the DA contained in the largest injected volume, 8.0 μl. The latter finding demonstrates that (1) a substantially smaller quantity is the actual dose acting in the brain during a “chemical stimulation” experiment, and (2) the concentration of an amine as well as other endogenous substrates indeed approaches the physiological range of efficacy after all. The serious limitations which are entailed in the usage of a microinjection volume in excess of 0.5 μl in studies with the rat, involving putative neurotransmitters or neurotoxins such as 6-hydroxydopamine, are presented.
The association between fecal incontinence and sexual activity and function in women attending a tertiary referral center

Introduction and hypothesis To determine whether fecal incontinence (FI) is associated with sexual activity and to compare sexual function in women with and without FI.
Use of short-pulse experiments to study bacteria transport through porous media

Continuous-flow column experiments with short-pulse inputs of one hydrophobic and one hydrophilic bacterium were used to study the retention of bacteria on quartz (negatively charged), hematite-coated quartz (positively charged) and polymer-coated quartz (hydrophobic surface), at pH 7.3. Both bacteria were Gram-negative rods. All breakthrough peaks occurred about one pore volume after the input pulse, and were attenuated compared to a bromide-tracer peak. Maximum bacteria concentrations in the column outlet were 0.08–57% of the peak bromide concentration. A one-dimensional advection-dispersion transport model with first-order bacteria removal described by colloid-filtration theory was used to estimate attachment and detachment rate coefficients and the relative sticking efficiency (α) of bacteria in each experiment. Attachment was reversible, with rate coefficients for attachment on the order of 10−4−10−3 s−1, implying that the time scale for attachment was of the same order as the column detention time of 1.2 h. The time scale for detachment was on the order of days to weeks. This slow detachment could be important in deep subsurface environments where transport on geologic time scales is important, and in some shallow aquifer recharge situations where soils are used to eliminate pathogenic bacteria from sewage effluent. Values for α were 0.04-0.4. Slower attachment and detachment rates were observed for the hydrophilic vs. hydrophobic bacteria, suggesting that hydrophilic bacteria could move further before being removed by attachment to soil, but once attached, would be resuspended at a slower rate.
The pharmacological basis of coronary and systemic vasodilator actions of diazepam (Valium)

Summary 1 The effects of α and β-adrenoceptor blockade, depletion of catecholamine stores, vagotomy, atropine, and ganglionic blockade on diazepam-induced vasodilatation were investigated in forty-six anaesthetized dogs. 2 Coronary blood flow was measured by timed collections of coronary venous efflux from fibrillating, decompressed ventricles; coronary and systemic vascular resistances were determined during total cardiopulmonary bypass under conditions of normothermia and constant aortic (coronary artery) pressure. 3 No significant alteration in the vasodilatation produced by diazepam was observed following either vagotomy or α-adrenoceptor blockade; partial inhibition of vasodilatation occurred after β-adrenoceptor blockade or catecholamine depletion, and nearly total inhibition was observed after small doses of atropine or ganglion-blocking agents. 4 The results suggest that diazepam may act as a specific ganglion-stimulant, causing active sympathetic and cholinergic vasodilatation.
Managing beyond an uncertain illness trajectory: palliative care in advanced heart failure

A lack of comprehensive and effective palliative care is clearly evident in a number of studies describing the end of life for patients with advanced heart failure. These patients have been portrayed as experiencing a wide array of poorly managed symptoms. The primary rationale for the lack of care has been the uncertain illness trajectory that characterizes living with advanced heart failure. Nurses must manage care beyond the illness trajectory from an emphasis of palliative care as each of these patients may face significant illness burden and even sudden death. The purpose of this paper is to: discuss the current status of palliative care for patients with advanced heart failure; explain the basic pathophysiology and resulting signs and symptoms of advanced heart failure; describe pharmacological and non-pharmacological symptom management strategies for patients with advanced heart failure.
Myopia, amnesia, and consistent intertemporal choice

Abstract Social scientists often explain observed streams of behavior as the outcome of constrained choice at successive dates, with actors choosing among planned sequences of actions extending into the future. This paper presents four axioms for consistent intertemporal choice in such models. Within this framework, myopia and amnesia are defined to be choice processes in which future feasible actions and past decisions, respectively, play no role in current choice. Each of these modeling strategies is argued to have some plausibility on the basis of bounded rationality considerations. It is shown that an anticipatory process reduces to a behaviorally equivalent myopic process if and only if binary choices are lexically organized. Amnesia, or the absence of endogenous preference formation, is characterized by the condition that binary choices be ‘ahistorical’. The paper closes with some remarks on the methodological role of the consistency axioms, and the problems posed by inconsistent choice processes.
The origin of the high-K latites from Camp Creek, Arizona: constraints from experiments with variable fO2 and \(a_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}} \)

Near-liquidus melting experiments were performed on a high-K latite at fO2's ranging from iron-wustite-graphite (IWG) to nickel-nickel oxide (NNO) in the presence of a C-O-H fluid phase. Clinopyroxene is a liquidus phase under all conditions. At IWG \((a_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}} = 0.17)\), the liquidus at 10 kb is about 1,150° C but is depressed to 1,025° C at NNO and \(a_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}} = 1\). Phlogopite and apatite are near-liquidus phases, with apatite crystallizing first at pressures below 10 kb. Phlogopite is a liquidus phase only at NNO and high \(a_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}} \). Under all conditions the high-K latites show a large crystallization interval with phlogopite becoming the dominant crystalline phase with decreasing temperature. Increasing fO2 affects phlogopite crystallization but the liquidus temperature is essentially a function of \(a_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}} \). The chemical compositions of the near-liquidus phases support formation of the high-K latites under oxidizing conditions (NNO or higher) and high \(a_{{\text{H}}_{\text{2}} {\text{O}}} \). It is concluded from the temperature of the H2O-saturated liquidus at 10 kb, the groundmass: crystal ratio and presence of chilled latite margins around some xenoliths that the Camp Creek high-K latite magma passed thru the lower crust at temperatures of 1,000° C or more.
The evolution of solar ultraviolet luminosity

Astronomical observations of stars analogous to the sun are used to construct a tentative account of the evolution of solar UV luminosity. Evidence exists that the young sun was a much more powerful source of energetic particles and radiation than it is today, and while on the main sequence, solar activity has declined as an inverse power law of age as a consequence of angular momentum loss to the solar wind. Observations of pre-main sequence stars indicate that before the sun reached the main sequence, it may have emitted as much as ten thousand times the amount of ultraviolet radiation that it does today. The impact of the results on knowledge of photochemistry and escape of constituents of primordial planetary atmospheres is discussed.
EVAPORATION EFFECTS DURING SUPERFLOW OF LIQUID HELIUM II

The rate of distillation of helium between two liquid surfaces at different temperatures was measured and found to be in approximate agreement with simple kinetic theory. The influence of evaporation on the thermal effects accompanying film flow is discussed. It seems unlikely that the decrease in the rate of film flow at small level differences can be explained in terms of these thermal effects. (auth)
A Study Of Microseismic And Man-Made Vibrations On Mauna Kea

The scientific need for building telescopes with much higher spatial resolution than can be achieved with existing or planned instruments is well known. Michelson-type interferometers with baselines from a few tens of meters up to several kilometers have been proposed. While the larger baselines will undoubtedly be constructed in space, consideration of ground-based sites for baselines up to a few hundred meters will be important because of the relative costs. To measure fringes in the absence of optical path variations due to atmospheric turbulence, the interferometer baseline, B, must be stable.
The administrative colloquium: developing management and leadership skills for faculty.

Objective.—Development of leadership competencies has become a priority for many academic health science centers. However, traditional faculty development has focused almost exclusively on improving teaching skills. The process and outcomes of developing leadership skills for academic health science center faculty has not been extensively studied. Methods.—The University of Nebraska Medical Center (UNMC) created a year-long course, called the Administrative Colloquium, as a means to enhance faculty leadership skills. Completion of the course required attendance at 8 half-day workshop sessions, each devoted to teaching a leadership competency (eg, leading with vision, managing change) and completing a project with a project report (oral or poster presentation). Course evaluation was multifaceted. Attendees were queried multiple times by a pre- and poststrategy and retrospective pre- and poststrategy concerning their perceptions about knowledge obtained during the course. Paired t testing was used to determine statistical differences between the mean pre- versus postvalues and the retrospective pre- versus postvalues. Project content was qualitatively analyzed for themes. Results.—All comparisons of pre- and postdata and retrospective pre- and postdata were statistically significant (P Conclusions.—The pre- and postknowledge data and the retrospective pre- and postknowledge data demonstrate that learning was significant as well as sustained. Qualitative analysis of the project content demonstrates that the participants were applying the course content to solving real-world problems. These results give preliminary support to the conclusion that the Administrative Colloquium has had an impact on faculty leadership development at UNMC.
Ultrastructure of the formation of γ particles during zoosporogenesis in Allomyces macrogynus and Catenaria anguillulae

The sequence of intracellular transitions leading to the formation of γ particles during zoosporogenesis was examined by electron microscopy of synchronous cultures of Allomyces macrogynus and semisynchronous cultures of Catenaria anguillulae . In Allomyces the first identifiable progenitors of the γ matrix are 60-nm-diameter electron-opaque granules found within cisternae of rough ER. These particles appear during the first 30 minutes after the induction of sporogenesis. By the completion of papilla formation these “subunits” increase in number and size to form spherical structures ca. 133 nm in diameter. At the beginning of nuclear cap formation the 133-nm-diameter electron-opaque granules fuse to form larger spheres averaging 216 nm in diameter. These structures occur singly and in groups which fill the smooth-surface cisternae containing them. Toward the end of nuclear cap formation the granules fuse to form the 500-nm-diameter γ body. In Catenaria the first progenitors of γ particles are 45-nm-diameter electron-opaque granules with transparent centers that appear within swollen cisternae of tubular smooth ER. These granules form larger aggregates which fuse after cleavage to form the fully differentiated γ matrix. The γ particles of Catenaria are ca. 250 nm in diameter, which is smaller than the ca. 500-nm-diameter γ particles of Allomyces macrogynus and Blastocladiella emersonii .
Diffractive Optics: Scalar And Non-Scalar Design Analysis

Diffractive Optical Elements can be used to manipulate wavefronts in very complex ways. They can be used to manipulate, the amplitude, phase, and polarization of a wavefront. In this presentation we discuss optical components whose feature size is larger than one wavelength, about equal to one wavelength, and smaller than one wavelength. We outline the analytical development which describes these elements.
The Rhetoric of Ethnic Identity Construction Among Taiwanese Immigrants in the United States

The construction of ethnic identity is often influenced by the surrounding culture and in some cases anti-immigrant sentiment in a new country. Because Taiwanese identity is already troubled and unsettled before immigration to the United States, the construction of ethnic identity within this diasporic Taiwanese community becomes a very challenging process that deserves scholars' attention. The authors argue that the combination and interaction of both physical and virtual spaces created by the Internet will produce a distinctive environment where ethnic identity among diasporic Taiwanese immigrants will be formed. They use a qualitative textual analysis method to examine websites and discussion groups on the Internet to discover the process, strategies, and characteristics of constructing a Taiwanese American identity through the Internet.
Investigations of sales representatives’ valuation of options

The present research leverages the “irrational options” theoretical framework to explore options rationality differences between salespeople and non-salespeople. Specifically, the reported research first examines (Study 1) whether or not salespeople are more likely to place a higher value on diminishing options than individuals who do not work in sales. Two follow-up studies embed a potential internal moderator (salesperson thinking style; Study 2) and a potential external moderator (performance-based incentives; Study 3) of salesperson valuations of diminishing options. The method employed in all three studies is an experimental design tailored after Shin and Ariely’s (Management Science 50(5):575-586, 2004) seminal work on irrationality and options availability. The results demonstrate that, compared to non-salespeople, salespeople are more inclined to value option availability (Study 1), with this effect being especially pronounced for rule-bound thinkers (Study 2) and those operating under incentive-based compensation plans (Study 3). The article concludes by highlighting key managerial and theoretical implications, while acknowledging limitations and proposing directions for related, future work.
A conceptual framework for guaranteeing higher education

The lessons of quality management apply to services as well as tangible goods. Awareness also has been increasing that services, like tangible goods, can be guaranteed as a means of implementing a total quality management (TQM) orientation in the organization. While higher education has been exploring some of the tenents of TQM, it has been slow to embrace the power of service guarantees. In this conceptual article we present a system of service guarantees designed to foster a TQM orientation in higher education. We propose that institutions consider a system of guarantees aimed at three primary constituent groups – students, faculty, and employers – over the short, medium and long term. The rationale and implications of the guarantee system are explored, and possible impediments are discussed.
Laterally averaged interaction potentials for 1H2 and 2H2 on the (0001) graphite surface

Laterally averaged interaction potentials for 1H2 and 2H2 on the basal plane of graphite are derived from lattice sums of Lennard-Jones (6, 12) pairwise potentials using empirically derived parameters for the carbon-carbon interactions in graphite and the molecule-molecule interactions for 1H2 and 2H2. The anisotropy of the carbon atoms in graphite is explicitly taken into account. The resulting potentials and their excited levels are compared with experimental energy levels reported by Mattera et al. [1] and with the potential functions inferred by them from these levels. Considering that the calculations presented here contain no adjustable parameters, the agreement with the experimental results is quite satisfactory.
Teachers, race and student achievement revisited

Within the education literature, a controversy exists with respect to the issue of matching student and teacher race in an effort to improve student performance. Ehrenberg et al. (1995) finds very little support for this issue, while more recently Dee (2004) finds that there are significant educational gains when students are assigned to an own-race teacher. Dee's result is found after confirming that there was no association between assignment of an own-race teacher and student characteristics, i.e., sorting of students did not transpire. We extend Dee's work by including the effects of student innate ability and teacher gender on student achievement. Our findings indicate that once these two variables are taken into consideration, sorting of students does transpire, and matching students and teachers of similar race has no statistically significant affect on student achievement.
Development and Implementation of an Introductory Endovascular Training Course for Medical Students

Background Endovascular simulation has been promoted as an educational tool for trainees to practice procedures in a safe environment and improve basic technical skills. We sought to determine whether an established endovascular training course for medical students could increase technical proficiency, enhance interest in vascular surgery, and be implemented at another academic institution. Methods At Center A, medical students participated in an eight-week elective course with a structured curriculum comprised of weekly mentored simulator sessions and didactic teachings. A similar course was developed at Center B to train a similar cohort of students using the same high-fidelity simulator. Demographics and survey data, including interest in vascular surgery, were obtained, and pre- and postcourse graded simulator sessions on renal stent or iliac/superficial femoral artery stent modules were conducted. Performance was assessed by expert observers using a standardized global endovascular rating scale and objective procedural metrics collected from the simulator. Results Seventy-seven medical students (41 at Center A and 36 at Center B; 56 men and 21 women) completed the course from 2007 to 2009. Parameters measured on the standardized global endovascular rating scale, including angiography skills, wire handling, and interventional criteria as well as simulator-generated metrics, significantly improved from pre- to postcourse values for both groups of medical students at the two institutions (p Conclusion A simulation-based endovascular course provides an educational tool that improves basic technical performance and increases interest in vascular surgery among medical students. This simple educational module appears to be transferable and adaptable at another institution with minimal modification to produce similar results.
The role of exotic ladybeetles in the decline of native ladybeetle populations: evidence from long-term monitoring

Ladybeetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) are ubiquitous predators which play an important role in suppressing pest insects. In North America, the coccinellid community is increasingly dominated by exotic species, and the abundance of some native species has declined dramatically since the 1980s. Several hypotheses have been proposed to describe the mechanism of invasion coupled with native species declines, e.g. vacant niche exploitation, intraguild predation, competitive exploitation and habitat compression. We analyze a 24-year dataset of coccinellid community structure in southwestern Michigan to elucidate the most likely mechanism(s) of native coccinellid decline and implications for their conservation. Correlation analyses indicated that impact of exotic species on native coccinellids varies with their degree of interaction. Although several native species were observed to be in numerical decline, only Adalia bipunctata and Coleomegilla maculata had declines that were statistically significant. The magnitude of decline in these two species varied with the degree of dietary overlap with invaders, thus their decline is most likely driven by competitive exploitation. Habitat use patterns by some native species (A. bipunctata and Coccinella trifasciata) changed during years when the exotic Harmonia axyridis reached high numbers, lending support to the habitat compression hypothesis, where native species survive in ancestral (i.e. natural or semi-natural) habitats when invaders dominate cultivated habitats. Coccinellid communities occurring in semi-natural forested habitats were unique in both composition and variability from those occurring in cultivated habitats. Such semi-natural habitats can act as refuges for native coccinellids and may play a role in maintaining the functional resilience of coccinellid communities.
Phenological and Morphological Components of Cotton Crop Maturity

Full season cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) cultivars may be better adapted to the lower southeastern USA because early maturing cultivars may not recover from the many episodic drought events that annually plague the region. The objective of this investigation was to determine if cotton maturity may be defined on the basis of flowering interval, boll maturation period, or whole plant yield distribution. Studies were conducted at the University of Georgia Coastal Plain Experiment Station in 2001,2002, and 2003. Nine commercially available cotton cultivars were over seeded and hand thinned to 10.8 plants m -2 . Areas within each plot were reserved for daily white flower and open boll tagging and hand harvest. Mean vertical flowering intervals were 2.1 (2001), 2.7 (2002), and 2.6 (2003) d. Mean vertical flowering intervals increased from main stem node 5 to about main stem node 11 and then began to decline. Mean horizontal flowering intervals were 3.2 (2001), 4.4 (2002), and 3.8 (2003) d and were shorter than those in previous reports. In all years, the earlier maturity cultivars possessed the shortest boll maturation periods while the later maturity cultivars possessed the longest. The earlier maturity cultivars also produced a greater percentage of their total lint yields at lower main stem nodes. Of the many possible pathways to early crop maturity, the ones investigated in this study that appear to have been most useful in breeding programs are shortening of the horizontal flowering interval and boll maturation period and lengthening of sympodial branches at lower main stem nodes.
A β-Cyclodextrin “Click Cluster” Decorated with Seven Paramagnetic Chelates Containing Two Water Exchange Sites

The development of novel macromolecular contrast agents that offer enhanced relaxivity profiles at high magnetic fields have the potential to greatly improve the diagnosis, understanding, and treatment of disease. To this end, we have designed a monodiperse paramagnetic β-cyclodextrin click cluster decorated with seven paramagnetic arms. A novel alkyne-functionalized diethylenetriaminetetraacetic acid (DTTA) chelate (6) has been created and coupled to a per-azido-β-cyclodextrin core (7) to yield the precursor macromolecule (8). After removal of the protecting groups and titrating with Gd3+, the final paramagnetic click cluster, Gd10, was obtained. Luminescence measurements were carried out in H2O and D2O on an analogous structure, Eu10, and indicated that at each lanthanide has an average of 1.8 water exchange sites, which is important for enhancing relaxivity and MRI resolution. This discrete paramagnetic click cluster yields a high relaxivity profile (43.4 mM−1 s−1 per molecule and 6.2 mM−1 s−1 per Gd3+...
Effects of growth regulators on fatty acids of soybean suspension cultures

Abstract Soybean suspension cultures were grown for 24 weeks in the absence of plant growth regulators and in the presence of 1 ppm levels each of an auxin (indole-3-butyric acid), a cytokinin (kinetin) and a gibberellin (gibberellic acid), individually and in all possible combinations. Cells grown in the presence of the auxin with and without gibberellin contained relatively greater amounts of palmitic and smaller amounts of polyunsaturated acids than did cells grown under other regimens. The combination of cytokinin and gibberellin caused a higher proportion of linoleic and a lower proportion of linolenic acids than in cells of the other groups. Neither of these regulators by itself produced the effect, and addition of auxin to the other two diminished the effect.