cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cutaneous Lymphosarcoma and Leukemia in a Dog Resembling Sezary Syndrome in Man

A dog with a lymphoproliferative disease resembling the Skzary syndrome variant of mycosis fungoides in man had large numbers of circulating morphologically abnormal lymphoid cells, multicentric cutaneous nodules and plaques, and extracutaneous involvement of lymph nodes and viscera. The presence of Pautrier's microabscesses, intracutaneous hyper- chromatic cells, and leukemic cells with convoluted nuclei distinguished the disease from other types of cutaneous lymphoma. SCzary syndrome and mycosis fungoides are part of a spectrum of malignant cutaneous T cell lymphomas in man.1.2.7.9.16.17 A characteristic histologic feature of cutaneous T cell lymphoma is the presence of Pautrier's microabscesses which are small intraepithelial clusters of tumor cells.22 In addition, hyperchromatic cells and cells with convoluted indented nuclei (mycosis cells) have diagnostic value.22 The SCzary syndrome is a variant of cutaneous T cell lymphqma characterized by the presence of circulating morphologically bizarre lym- phoid cells now recognized as malignant T lympho- cytes.2* I Lymphoproliferative diseases resembling cu- taneous T cell lymphomas have been described previ- ously in the dog.6. 14* ''3 '9*25*26*33 There has been no previous report of the SCzary syndrome variant in the dog.
Intestinal neuroendocrine tumor in a patient with pituitary adenoma. A case report and review of the current screening recommendations.

Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN-1) patients are prone to develop carcinoid tumors. Few cases report the development of gastrointestinal carcinoid tumors in patients with MEN-1 syndrome related tumors. This is the first paper to report the occurrence of an intestinal carcinoid tumour in association with a pituitary adenoma. A s ixty eight year old female presented with intestinal obstruction four years after transphenoidal pituitary resection for pituitary adenoma. During surgical exploration and lysis of adhesions, we accidentally discovered an intestinal carcinoid tumour. Resection of the involved small bowel segment and the draining lymph nodes was undertaken. Postoperative follow up showed no biochemical or radiological evidence of residual tumor. Neuroendocrine tumors (NETs) may occur as part of familial endocrine cancer syndromes including MEN-1. It is recommended that clinicians search thoroughly for MEN-1 in patients presented with NETs, however, there is no current consensus for screening patients suspected to have MEN-1 to rule out NET. We recommend screening patients suspected to have any familial type of endocrine tumors for the presence of NET.
MYCOBACTOCIDIN, A NEW ANTIBIOTIC ACTIVE AGAINST MYCOBACTERIA

Abstract Fregnan, G. B. (University of Wisconsin, Madison) and D. W. Smith. Mycobactocidin, a new antiboitic active against mycobacteria. J. Bacteriol. 83:1069–1076. 1962.—A new antibiotic, produced by a strain of Staphylococcus epidermidis, is described. The name mycobactocidin is proposed because of the specificity of the antibiotic against mycobacteria. Methods for extraction and purification of the antibiotic are described. The water-soluble fraction is shown to be active in vitro. No toxicity could be detected in mice after intraperitoneal or subcutaneous injection. Enzymatic hydrolysis suggests a glyco-protein nature for the antibiotic. Mycobactocidin is soluble in distilled water at neutrality but is generally insoluble in organic solvents. The antibiotic is precipitated from aqueous solution by heavy metals. It is stable in the pH range of 2 to 8, but is precipitated at pH 3 to 4. An aqueous solution of the antibiotic is stable for several days at 5 C, and for longer periods if lyophilized and stored at −20 C. It does not pass through a dialysis membrane and its activity is retained after 15 to 20 hr of dialysis at 5 C. The activity was shown to be unrelated to the formation of hydrogen peroxide.
Maximizing the entropy of a sum of independent random variables

We show that the differential entropy of a sum of independent symmetric random variables supported on [-1,1] is maximal when one is uniformly distributed and the remaining are Bernoulli /spl plusmn/1.
The intrauterine contraceptive device and myometrial activity.

A chronically implantable intrauterine recording device has been developed to study the effect of the Lippes loop upon localized human myometrial activity. Myometrial activity was interpreted by linear displacement analysis. For this purpose, 10 patients were studied through six succesive cycles and 3 patients had continuous recordings made up to 48 hours at a time. Essentially the findings indicate a short period of intrauterine irritability after insertion of the device followed by rapid adaptation of the uterus to the foreign body. In 80 per cent of the case, the cyclic variations indicate maximal activity during the menses; high activity during the proliferative phase followed by a period of quiesence after ovulation lasting until 24 hours before the next menses. As such, it is inferred that uterine myometrial activity plays a minimal role in the mechanism of action of the intrauterine device.
Phenotypic, genotypic, and functional characterization of normal and acute myeloid leukemia-derived marrow endothelial cells

In addition to participation in homing, egress, and transmigration of hematopoietic cells, marrow endothelium also contributes to cell proliferation and survival. Endothelial cells from multiple vascular beds are able to prevent spontaneous or therapy-induced apoptosis in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) blasts. Marrow-derived endothelial cells from leukemia patients have not been well-characterized, and in this work, endothelial cells were purified from marrow aspirates from normal subjects or from newly diagnosed AML patients to compare these cells phenotypically and functionally. By reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction, these cells express CD31, Tie-2, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), supporting endothelial origin. They take up acetyl low-density lipoprotein and are able to form tubular structures. Culture of AML cells with endothelial cells from both normal and AML subjects supported adhesion, transmigration, and leukemia colony-forming unit outgrowth. RNA-sequencing analysis revealed 130 genes significantly up- or downregulated in AML-derived endothelial cells as compared with those derived from normal marrow. The genes differentially expressed (p < 0.001) were included in biological function categories involving cancer, cell development, cell growth and proliferation, cell signaling, inflammatory response, and cell death and survival. Further pathway analysis revealed upregulation of c-Fos and genes involved in chemotaxis such as CXCL16. AML-derived endothelial cells are similar in phenotype and function to their normal marrow-derived counterparts, but genomic analysis suggests a differential signature with altered expression of genes, which could play a role in leukemogenesis or leukemia cell maintenance in the marrow microenvironment.
"What Do We Do When We Win?": Don Nakanishi's Visionary Leadership for the New Generation

As director of the UCLA Asian American Studies Center, Don Nakanishi embodies what visionary leadership means in practice. His actions and ideas anticipate three new leadership challenges for the new generation: first, the responsibility to seek out—and not avoid—positions of power and to use these positions to change relations of power in society; second, the responsibility to use power and resources not only for the benefit of Asian Americans but for all, especially other communities of color; and third, the responsibility to continue to develop Asian American Studies as a multidisciplinary field embracing multiple constituencies and emphasizing linkages between academicians and community leaders. By embracing these responsibilities, Don demonstrates to young professional how visionary leadership can change powerful institutions and redefine the identity of Asian Americans.
Through their lens: Case managers’ experiences of the child welfare system:

Case managers play a significant role in the child welfare system. Although previous studies have highlighted the multiple demands and requirements for case managers, few studies have utilized the ...
A Hybrid Epidemic Model for Antinormative Behavior in Online Social Networks

In this paper, we describe a novel approach to investigate negative behavior dynamics in online social networks as epidemic phenomena. We present a finite-state machine model for time-varying epidemic dynamics, and validate this model with experiments over a large dataset of Youtube commentaries, indicating how different epidemic patterns of behavior can be tied to specific interaction patterns among users. A full version of this paper is available on arXiv.org.
Brief of Amicus Curiae Knowledge Ecology International, in Support of Neither Party (Kirtsaeng v. John Wiley & Sons)

Argues that the US Copyright Act does not limit the first sale doctrine on the basis of place of manufacture of a particular copy of a work, noting that the Constitutional purpose of the copyright system in the US is to promote progress. The brief covers the numerous unintended impacts the Second Circuit's ruling will have for businesses, consumers and the public interest. A blanket limitation on the first sale doctrine would result in absurdities including, for example, greater copyright protection given to foreign-made works. In particular, KEI notes the concerns the Second Circuit's decision with respect to exhaustion of rights will have on accessible format works for persons who are visually impaired, lending by libraries, and the right of display for museums.
The Interaction of Hyperbolic and Shear Stretching in Geophysical Vortex Flows

We have discovered a checkerboard pattern created by the intersection of attracting and repelling Lagrangian coherent structures (LCS) in several geophysical vortex flows. Such structures are formed by highly three-dimensional processes and include the interaction between hyperbolic stretching in two dimensions with shear in the third dimension. Here, we briefly discuss the appearance of this pattern in two geophysical flows and then further examine the LCS in a hurricane simulation. Additionally, we discuss the impact of the complicated LCS on navigation and control of micro-aerial vehicles (MAVs) in a hurricane and present a control strategy to allow MAVs to efficiently navigate to the hurricane eyewall despite their limited flight capabilities.
The impact of preoperative magnetic resonance imaging on surgical planning for women with ductal carcinomain situ.

Abstract #1163 Background : Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) accounts for about 20% of all female breast cancers and is now diagnosed 10 times more frequently than prior to the use of increased screening mammography. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has proven to be a useful imaging modality for invasive cancer, its role and impact in preoperative surgical planning for DCIS is unclear. Our aim is to determine if women diagnosed with pure DCIS on core-biopsy who have preoperative MRI are more likely to undergo mastectomy and sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB). Methods: Retrospective survey of women diagnosed with pure DCIS on stereotactic core biopsy between 2000-2007 at an academic tertiary referral center. All women underwent definitive surgical treatment for DCIS. Patient characteristics, surgical planning and surgical outcomes were compared between patients who underwent preoperative MRI and those without MRI. Continuous variables among the two groups were compared using the t-test. Differences in dichotomous variables between groups were compared using the chi-square test. Significance was determined if p Results: Of 137 women diagnosed with DCIS, 39 underwent preoperative MRI. Mean age, DCIS size and grade, and presence of invasive cancer on surgical specimen were compared between the two groups. The only significant difference between the two groups was younger mean age in the group with preoperative MRI (51 vs 59 yrs, p=0.001). On univariate analysis, mastectomy and SLNB were more commonly employed in the MRI group. The mastectomy rate was 55% for women who had preoperative MRI and 17% for those who did not (p Conclusion: Women who underwent preoperative MRI for DCIS were younger and more likely to undergo mastectomy. However, women who had preoperative MRI required a lower number of re-excisions to obtain negative margins. Our study cannot address whether the strong association between preoperative MRI and mastectomy is a causal one. Nevertheless our data support a critical need for future studies to further define the benefit as well as consequences of the use of MRI for DCIS evaluation and treatment. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 1163.
Charge Transport in Highly Face-On Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Films

We report that the π-stacking direction in poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) films can be made to orient strongly out-of plane by uniaxially straining films in orthogonal directions, providing a valuable opportunity to evaluate charge transport in a very unusual microstructure for this material. The structure of the films was characterized using UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure spectroscopy, showing that unstrained films have a weakly edge-on stacking character with a large orientation distribution, whereas films strained biaxially by 100% in orthogonal directions have highly face-on stacking. In the biaxially strained films the face-on packing occurs while the P3HT long axis orientation is found to be only weakly anisotropic in-plane. Charge transport is characterized in an organic thin-film transistor (OTFT) configuration, showing that the saturated field effect mobility in the biaxially strained films is greater than that for unstrained films for cha...
Changes in Body Size Associated with Range Expansion in the Coyote (Canis latrans)

Northward and eastward expansion of the range of coyote ( Canis latrans ) in North America has been associated with an increase in body size, although documentation is limited. In this study, published weights of coyotes from various geographic areas and new data from the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska, were found to differ by sex ( P < 0.001) and longitude (females, P = 0.036; males, P = 0.017), but not latitude (females, P = 0.861; males, P = 0.302). Significant longitudinal variation was attributable to the large size of coyotes in New Hampshire. We suggest that phenotypic response to food supply may account for most variation in body size of coyotes.
Pseudouroctonus maidu, a new species of scorpion from northern California (Scorpiones, Vaejovidae)

A new species of vaejovid scorpion from northern California, Pseudouroctonus maidu sp. n., is named and described. This new species appears to be most similar to Pseudouroctonus iviei (Gertsch & Soleglad, 1972) and Pseudouroctonus glimmei (Hjelle, 1972).
Clinical interpretation of high-resolution vessel wall MRI of intracranial arterial diseases

Intracranial arterial pathology has traditionally been evaluated with luminal imaging. Recently, high-resolution vessel wall imaging (HR-VWI) with MRI has facilitated submillimetre evaluation of the arterial walls. This technique can help differentiate various causes of intracranial steno-occlusive disease, identify culprit atherosclerotic plaques with a recent cerebral infarct, locate vessel wall pathology in areas with minimal or no narrowing on luminal imaging, predict aneurysm stability and identify a ruptured aneurysm when multiple aneurysms are present. Interpretation of HR-VWI examinations requires a solid understanding of the pathophysiology, clinical features, serum and cerebrospinal fluid laboratory findings, treatment administered and fundamental patterns of VWI abnormalities that may be encountered with the intracranial vasculopathies. This pictorial essay aimed to illustrate the essential findings of common conditions encountered with HR-VWI including intracranial atherosclerosis, moyamoya disease, intracranial vasculitis, varicella zoster vasculopathy, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome and aneurysms.
Wavelet analysis of gamma-ray spectra

Since September 11, 2001, there has been increasing interest in providing first responders with radiation detectors for use in the search for and isotope identification of potentially-smuggled special nuclear material (SNM) or radiological dispersal devices (RDDs). These devices are typically comprised of low-resolution detectors such as NaI, thus limiting their identification abilities. We present a new technique of wavelet analysis of low-resolution spectra for the use in isotope identification. Wavelet analysis has the benefit of excellent feature localization while, unlike with Fourier analysis, maintaining the signal frequency and time characteristics. We will demonstrate this technique with a series of gamma-ray spectra obtained from typical hand-held isotope identifiers, illustrate figures-of-merit to be applied to these results, and discuss future algorithm optimization.
Effects of proper drilling control to reduce respirable dust during roof bolting operations

Dust generated from bolt hole drilling in roof bolting operation could have high quartz content. As a dust control measure, vacuum drilling is employed on most of the roof bolters in US underground mines. However, fine rock particulates from drilling could escape from the dust collection system and become airborne under some circumstances causing the roof bolter operators expose to quartz-rich respirable dust. A previous research shows that drilling can be controlled through properly selected penetration and rotational rates to reduce the specific energy of drilling. Less specific energy means less energy is wasted on generating noise, heat and over-breakage of rock. It implies that proper control of drilling has a great potential to generate significantly less fine rock dust during drilling. The drilling experiments have been conducted to study the effect of controlling drilling on reducing respirable dust. The preliminary results show that the size distributions of respirable dust were different when controlling drilling in different bite depths. This paper presents the findings from laboratory experimental studies.
Abstract WMP77: Neurovascular Complications During Long-term Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) Support: Single Center Experience

Introduction: Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) have emerged as the standard of care for treating patients with advanced heart failure refractory to maximal medical therapy. Postoperative cere...
Outpatient vs Inpatient Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Population-Level Analysis of Outcomes and Cost

BACKGROUND Outpatient anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) is a promising candidate for US healthcare cost reduction as several studies have demonstrated that overall complications are relatively low and early discharge can preserve high patient satisfaction, low morbidity, and minimal readmission. OBJECTIVE To compare clinical outcomes and associated costs between inpatient and ambulatory setting ACDF. METHODS Demographics, comorbidities, emergency department (ED) visits, readmissions, reoperation rates, and 90-d charges were retrospectively analyzed for patients undergoing elective ACDF in California, Florida, and New York from 2009 to 2011 in State Inpatient and Ambulatory Databases. RESULTS A total of 3135 ambulatory and 46 996 inpatient ACDFs were performed. Mean Charlson comorbidity index, length of stay, and mortality were 0.2, 0.4 d, and 0% in the ambulatory cohort and 0.4, 1.8 d, and 0.04% for inpatients (P < .0001). Ambulatory patients were younger (48.0 vs 53.1) and more likely to be Caucasian. One hundred sixty-eight ambulatory patients (5.4%) presented to the ED within 30 d (mean 11.3 d), 51 (1.6%) were readmitted, and 5 (0.2%) underwent reoperation. Among inpatient surgeries, 2607 patients (5.5%) presented to the ED within 30 d (mean 9.7 d), 1778 (3.8%) were readmitted (mean 6.3 d), and 200 (0.4%) underwent reoperation. Higher Charlson comorbidity index increased rate of ED visits (ambulatory operating room [OR] 1.285, P < .05; inpatient OR 1.289, P < .0001) and readmission (ambulatory OR 1.746, P < .0001; inpatient OR 1.685, P < .0001). Overall charges were significantly lower for ambulatory ACDFs ($33 362.51 vs $74 667.04; P < .0001). CONCLUSION ACDF can be performed in an ambulatory setting with comparable morbidity and readmission rates, and lower costs, to those performed in an inpatient setting.
Utility of the Autism Observation Scale for Infants in Early Identification of Autism in Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Abstract Background Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disorder with high prevalence of associated autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Our primary objectives were to determine early predictors of autism risk to identify children with TSC in most need of early interventions. The Autism Observation Scale for Infants (AOSI) was evaluated as a measure of ASD-associated behaviors in infants with TSC at age 12 months and its ability to predict ASD at 24 months. Methods Children ages 0 to 36 months with TSC were enrolled in the TSC Autism Center of Excellence Research Network (TACERN), a multicenter, prospective observational study to identify biomarkers of ASD. The AOSI was administered at age 12 months and the Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule-2 (ADOS-2) and Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) at 24 months. Developmental functioning was assessed using the Mullen Scales of Early Learning. Children were classified as ASD or non-ASD according to the ADOS-2. Results Analysis included 79 children who had been administered the AOSI at 12 months and ADOS-2 and ADI-R at 24 months. The ASD group had a mean AOSI total score at 12 months significantly higher than the non-ASD group (11.8 ± 7.4 vs 6.3 ± 4.7; P Conclusions The AOSI is a useful clinical tool in determining which infants with TSC are at increased risk for developing ASD.
Robust vehicle longitudinal motion control subject to in-wheel-motor driving torque variations

Driving torque variation which introduces external yaw moment greatly impacts vehicle motion particularly for distributed powertrain vehicles such as in-wheel motor electric vehicles. This paper proposes a weighted gain-scheduling H ∞ controller to compensate for torque variation and track desired vehicle motions. The weighted H ∞ performance is adopted to attenuate the effect of torque variation. A weighting factor is designed to tune the relative importance of external input and torque variation. An eigenvalue placement technique is used to confine the feedback control gain in certain region. The state feedback control gain is calculated by solving a minimization problem. Furthermore, a gain-scheduling scheme is used to incorporate time-varying signals in the system. Simulation studies were conducted on a high-fidelity vehicle model developed in CarSim®. Results indicate that the designed controller is able to compensate for driving torque variation and track the desired vehicle trajectory simultaneously.
Are Dental Schools Part of the Safety Net

This article examines the current safety net activities of dental schools and reviews strategies by which schools could care for more poor and low-income patients. The primary data come from the annual Survey of Dental Education, a joint American Dental Education Association (ADEA) and American Dental Association (ADA) activity. The analyses use descriptive statistics and are intended to give ballpark estimates of patients treated under varying clinical scenarios. Some 107.4 million people are underserved in comparison to utilization rates for middle-income Americans. In 2013-14, pre- and postdoctoral students treated about 1,176,000 disadvantaged patients. This is an estimate; the actual value may be 25% above or below this number. The impact of potential strategies for schools to provide more care to poor and low-income patients are discussed; these are larger class size, more community-based education, a required one-year residency program, and schools' becoming part of publicly funded safety net clinics. While dental schools cannot solve the access problem, they could have a major impact if the payment and delivery strategies discussed were implemented. This article was written as part of the project "Advancing Dental Education in the 21st Century."
Emancipated Foster Youth and Intimate Partner Violence: An Exploration of Risk and Protective Factors:

Due to their high rates of parental maltreatment and violence exposure, youth in the foster care system are considered particularly vulnerable to experiencing intimate partner violence (IPV) in adolescence and young adulthood. Those who have emancipated from foster care may be at a heightened risk, as they are significantly more likely to struggle in a variety of critical domains (i.e., mental health, substance use, and delinquency). This longitudinal study is the first to explore the impact of demographic, individual, family, and foster care system factors on IPV involvement for foster care alumni at age 23/24. Analyses were conducted on three waves of quantitative data from the Midwest Evaluation of the Adult Functioning of Former Foster Youth (the Midwest Study). We find that approximately 21% of the young adults in our sample were involved in some type of IPV at age 23/24, with bidirectional violence the most commonly reported form. Males were more likely than females to report IPV victimization, whereas females were more likely than males to report IPV perpetration and bidirectional violence. Young adults who reported parental IPV prior to foster care entry were more likely to be involved in bidirectionally violent partnerships than nonviolent partnerships in young adulthood, as were young adults who reported neglect by a foster caregiver and those who reported greater placement instability while in the foster care system. Anxiety at baseline increased the odds of IPV perpetration at age 23/24, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) at baseline decreased the odds of IPV perpetration at age 23/24. Understanding the characteristics and experiences that place these young adults at risk for IPV will allow for more effective and targeted prevention efforts.
Hyperkalemia and Hypokalemia in CKD: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Clinical Outcomes

Abnormalities of serum potassium are common in patients with CKD. Although hyperkalemia is a well-recognized complication of CKD, the prevalence rates of hyperkalemia (14%-20%) and hypokalemia (12%-18%) are similar. CKD severity, use of medications such as renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibitors and diuretics, and dietary potassium intake are major determinants of serum potassium concentration in CKD. Demographic factors, acid-base status, blood glucose, and other comorbidities contribute as well. Both hyperkalemia and hypokalemia are associated with similarly increased risks of death, cardiovascular disease, and hospitalization. On the other hand, limited evidence suggests a link between hypokalemia, but not hyperkalemia, and progression of CKD. This article reviews the prevalence rates and risk factors for hyperkalemia and hypokalemia, and their associations with adverse outcomes in CKD.
A theory-based living standards index for measuring poverty in developing countries

Abstract Living standards indices based on asset ownership are increasingly being used to describe poverty in developing countries. Yet, less work has been done on constructing meaningful weights using economic theory. In this paper, I develop a novel, cardinal index by incorporating asset prices, which can be feasibly collected at low cost. I weight items based on marginal utilities, estimated using a structural model of household preferences. Using data from the Living Standards Measurement Surveys from Malawi (2004, 2010, 2013), Nicaragua (1998, 2001, 2005), and Bulgaria (1995, 1997, 2001), I find that the marginal utility weights are positively but not linearly increasing in price for most items. I compare weighting methods and find that weights, household rankings, and poverty profiles are sensitive to construction method, suggesting that a theory-based method offers some advantages over commonly used statistical methods. Finally, I discuss methodological issues of spatial aggregation, temporal variation, and quality differentiation.
Novel Potassium Polynitrides at High Pressures.

Polynitrogen compounds have attracted great interest due to their potential applications as high energy density materials. Most recently, a rich variety of alkali polynitrogens (RxNy; R = Li, Na, and Cs) have been predicted to be stable at high pressures and one of them, CsN5 has been recently synthesized. In this work, various potassium polynitrides are investigated using first-principles crystal structure search methods. Several novel molecular crystals consisting of N4 chains, N5 rings, and N6 rings stable at high pressures are discovered. In addition, an unusual nitrogen-rich metallic crystal with stoichiometry K2N16 consisting of a planar two-dimensional extended network of nitrogen atoms arranged in fused 18 atom rings is found to be stable above 70 GPa. An appreciable electron transfer from K to N atoms is responsible for the appearance of unexpected chemical bonding in these crystals. The thermodynamic stability and high pressure phase diagram is constructed. The electronic and vibrational propert...
High field semiconductor equations

Semiconductor devices are modeled, at the fundamental level, by the Boltzmann equation which describes the evolution of the densities of electrons and holes in phase space. For conventional devices, a reasonably good approximation, which numerically is much easier to handle, is the drift-diffusion system.
Association of anesthesia technique for radical prostatectomy with biochemical recurrence: a retrospective cohort study

Introduction Anesthesia technique has been associated with cancer outcomes after radical prostatectomy (RP). These studies are limited by variability in surgeon experience, bias in patient selection, and in some cases, sample size. We evaluated the impact of anesthesia technique for RP on biochemical recurrence (BCR) using a large cohort of patients operated on by a single experienced surgeon.
The effects of the Fed’s monetary tightening campaign on nonbank mortgage lending

Abstract We examine the response of mortgage credit volumes to the Fed’s planned monetary tightening campaign of continued policy rate increases and slowed future purchases of agency securitized mortgages. A shadow policy rate measures unconventional policy tools used at the zero lower bound. After the Great Recession, our results from a time-varying parameter factor-augmented VAR model show that a policy rate increase identified with sign restrictions shifts mortgage lending from banks to less regulated nonbanks. More mortgage funding comes from increased issuance of agency rather than private-label securitized mortgages.
Metabolism and disposition of arsenic species from controlled dosing with sodium arsenite in adult female CD-1 mice. III. Toxicokinetic studies following oral and intravenous administration.

Abstract Arsenic is a ubiquitous contaminant, with typical dietary intake below 1 μg/kg bw/d and drinking water exposures up to 50 μg/kg bw/d. Arsenic exposures are associated with human diseases and doses of toxicological concern are similar to typical dietary intake. Metabolism of arsenite to dimethylarsinate (DMAV) by arsenite-3-methyltransferase (As3MT) promotes clearance, but also generates reactive trivalent intermediates that bind extensively to cellular thiols. This study measured pentavalent and trivalent arsenic species in blood and tissues after oral and intravenous administration of arsenite (50 μg/kg bw). After oral administration, the intestine and liver contained elevated levels of AsIII and MMAIII, relative to erythrocytes, lung, and kidney, suggesting incomplete conversion to DMA during first-pass metabolism. However, blood concentrations of the predominant species, DMA, were similar for oral and intravenous dosing. While all tissues examined contained DMAIII, muscle, brain, and plasma had undetectable levels of MMAIII. Tissue levels of arsenic species were similar following intravenous vs. oral administration, except lower in the intestine. The results confirm the role of metabolism in producing fluxes of putatively toxic trivalent arsenic intermediates. Tissue dosimetry suggests that the intestine, liver, lung, and kidney could be more susceptible to effects of bound arsenic, relative to muscle and brain.
Psychological stress-mediated hypertension is regulated via redox-signaling in T-lymphocytes

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating psychological disorder that increases sympathoexcitation, norepinephrine (NE) outflow, and the risk of comorbid diseases such as hypertension by >50%, but the mechanisms remain unclear. Hypertension is regulated in part due to inflammation, and our laboratory previously reported that exposure to NE can modulate levels of T-lymphocyte pro-inflammatory cytokines by redox signaling mechanisms. Therefore, we hypothesized that psychological stress-induced sympathoexcitation leads to a redox-regulated increase in pro-inflammatory cytokine production from T-lymphocytes, which impacts the development of hypertension. Utilizing a mouse-model of PTSD-like psychological stress, increased sympathoexcitation was confirmed by a 2.5 fold increase in splenic NE and 4.1 fold increase in tyrosine hydroxylase content (TH; p
Liver Allocation Policies in the USA: Past, Present, and the Future.

Identifying the optimal allocation policy with regard to hepatocellular carcinoma has been a persistent and evolving challenge. The current criteria for LT for HCC endorsed by the United Network of Organ Sharing (UNOS) are based on the Milan Criteria: a solitary tumor 1000 ng/mL that do not decrease to < 500 ng/mL with treatment. Appeals for MELD exception points for patients with HCC vary widely between UNOS regions, with success of nonstandardized exception point appeals varying from 3.1 to 21% between regions. In an effort to make prioritization for HCC more consistent, a national liver review board (NLRB)is being convened that will focus on developing a national guidance for assessing common requests and addressing exception points, including for HCC.
Complications of TEVAR

In this chapter, we will be reviewing complications after TEVAR, including mortality, neurological complications (stroke, spinal cord ischemia), complications related to coverage of subclavian artery, device malfunctioning, endoleak, migration, retrograde dissection, and access complications.
Shading and IBA Treatment Do Not Improve Rooting of Stem Cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides ‘Emerald Sentinel’

Abstract Shoot tip cuttings of Quercus phillyraeoides A. Gray ‘Emerald Sentinel’ (‘Emerald Sentinel’ oak), in a transitional growth stage between softwood and semi-hardwood, were collected from con...
The development and validation of an algorithm to predict future depression onset in unselected youth

Background Universal depression screening in youth typically focuses on strategies for identifying current distress and impairment. However, these protocols also play a critical role in primary prevention initiatives that depend on correctly estimating future depression risk. Thus, the present study aimed to identify the best screening approach for predicting depression onset in youth. Methods Two multi-wave longitudinal studies (N = 591, AgeM = 11.74; N = 348, AgeM = 12.56) were used as the ‘test’ and ‘validation’ datasets among youth who did not present with a history of clinical depression. Youth and caregivers completed inventories for depressive symptoms, adversity exposure (including maternal depression), social/academic impairment, cognitive vulnerabilities (rumination, dysfunctional attitudes, and negative cognitive style), and emotional predispositions (negative and positive affect) at baseline. Subsequently, multi-informant diagnostic interviews were completed every 6 months for 2 years. Results Self-reported rumination, social/academic impairment, and negative affect best predicted first depression onsets in youth across both samples. Self- and parent-reported depressive symptoms did not consistently predict depression onset after controlling for other predictors. Youth with high scores on the three inventories were approximately twice as likely to experience a future first depressive episode compared to the sample average. Results suggested that one's likelihood of developing depression could be estimated based on subthreshold and threshold risk scores. Conclusions Most pediatric depression screening protocols assess current manifestations of depressive symptoms. Screening for prospective first onsets of depressive episodes can be better accomplished via an algorithm incorporating rumination, negative affect, and impairment.
Asset manager funds

We estimate that asset managers hold 26% of worldwide investable assets and receive $177 billion in annual fees from institutional investors. Asset managers earn positive gross (and net) alphas in market models. The average non-intermediated dollar thus loses to the market even before fees. We estimate a tactical beta model based on Sharpe (1992) and nd that alphas attenuate and tracking errors decrease. Using fund-specic fee data, we show that institutional investors pay
The impact of plasticity and maternal effect on the evolution of leaf resin production in Diplacus aurantiacus

Our previous quantitative genetic study of leaf resin production in Diplacus aurantiacus revealed large environmental and maternal effects on variation in resin production, which suggests the possibility of a genotype×environment interaction for this trait when plants grow in heterogeneous environments. Our objectives in this study were to observe the genetic variation in plasticity of resin production under field and chamber conditions, compare phenotypic correlations of resin content with growth traits under these two environmental conditions, and distinguish the possible basis of the maternal effect on resin production using parents and half-sib progeny. A significant genotype×environment interaction (P<0.0001) in leaf resin production was found, which suggests a potential for the evolution of plasticity of these secondary metabolites under heterogeneous environments. The phenotypic correlation between resin content and growth rate also exhibited plasticity. In addition, the resin content of dam half-sib families grown in the chamber had a closer relationship with their maternal parents in the field (r=0.65, P=0.059) than in the chamber (r=0.39, P=0.34), suggesting an environmentally based maternal effect on the secondary chemicals. We suggest that the maternal environmental effect may act as a contributor to plasticity of resin production and, while it may not diminish the appearance of the genotype×environment interaction, the heritable variation of plasticity of resin production may be confounded.
A region-specific microdissection library for human chromosome 2p23–p25 and the analysis of an interstitial deletion of 2p23.3–p25.1

A region-specific library for human chromosome 2p23-p25 was constructed using microdissection and polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-mediated microcloning techniques. This library is large, comprising 300,000 recombinant microclones. The insert sizes range between 50-600 base pairs (bp) with a mean of 200 bp. About 50%-60% of the clones contain unique or very low copy number sequence inserts as determined by their weak or no hybridization to total human DNA. A subset of 48 microclones that did not hybridize to total human DNA after colony hybridization was analyzed, and 26 (54%) clones were shown to contain single-copy inserts and hybridize to human chromosome 2 DNAs, indicating that they are human chromosome 2 specific. The human genomic fragments identified by these clones after cleavage with HindIII have also been characterized. The single-copy microclones were used to analyze an interstitial deletion in the 2p23.3-p25.1 region--46,XY, del(2) (pter-->p25.1::p23.3-->qter)--previously reported in a patient with severe growth and mental retardation and multiple anomalies. Of the 26 microclones analyzed, 14 clones were mapped to the deletion region. The availability of the 2p23-p25 region-specific library and the probes derived from the library should be valuable for fine structure physical mapping analysis and the cloning of disease-related genes localized to the region. These studies also demonstrate the efficiency with which useful probes can be quickly generated for genome studies and for positional cloning.
Evaluation of the effect of doxasozin and zonisamide on voluntary ethanol intake in mice that experienced chronic intermittent ethanol exposure and stress.

Abstract The comorbidity between alcohol use disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder represents a serious health care burden with few effective treatment options. The current study was designed to evaluate the effect of an alpha 1 receptor antagonist (doxazosin) and a novel anticonvulsant (zonisamide) in a model of alcohol (ethanol) dependence and stress exposure. The main dependent variable was voluntary ethanol intake in mice that experienced chronic intermittent ethanol (CIE) exposure and forced swim stress (FSS) alone, and in combination. Adult male and female C57BL/6J mice had access to a single bottle of 15% (v/v) ethanol for 1-hr in the home cage, 3-hr into the dark phase of the light/dark cycle. Once stable ethanol intake was established (~4 weeks), mice were separated into four groups (CTL, CIE, FSS, CIE + FSS). Mice in the FSS condition received 10-min FSS exposure 4-hr prior to drinking sessions (remaining mice were not disturbed). During baseline and the first two test cycles, all mice received vehicle (saline) injections (IP) 30-min before ethanol access. As previously observed, FSS increased ethanol drinking in dependent (CIE-exposed) mice but not in nondependent control (CTL) mice. In the following test cycles mice were evaluated for ethanol intake after administration of doxazosin, zonisamide or their combination. Results indicated that the three doses of doxazosin evaluated significantly reduced voluntary ethanol intake in all mice. Zonisamide had a more modest effect and may require a more prolonged treatment regime. The combined administration of both compounds was not more effective than each drug alone. This study suggests that doxazosin is reliable at reducing voluntary ethanol intake in mice independently of their history of ethanol dependence and stress exposure.
Completely dark photons from gravitational particle production during the inflationary era

Starting with the de Broglie-Proca Lagrangian for a massive vector field, we calculate the number density of particles resulting from gravitational particle production (GPP) during inflation, with detailed consideration to the evolution of the number density through the reheating. We find plausible scenarios for the production of dark-photon dark matter of mass in a wide range, as low as a micro-electron volt to 1014 GeV. Gravitational particle production does not depend on any coupling of the dark photon to standard-model particles.
Near-infrared hyperspectral imaging for identification of aflatoxin contamination on corn kernels

The potential of near infrared hyperspectral imaging over the spectral range of 900 - 2500 nm was investigated for identification of aflatoxin contamination on corn kernels. A total of 600 kernels were used with 3 treatments, namely, 200 kernels inoculated with the AF13 fungus (aflatoxigenic), 200 kernels inoculated with the AF36 fungus (nonaflatoxigenic), and 200 kernels inoculated with sterile distilled water as control. One hundred kernels from each treatment were incubated at 30 °C for 5 and 8 days, separately, and then the kernels were dried and surface wiped to remove exterior signs of mold prior to imaging. The mean spectra including mean reflectance and absorbance, and the textural features consisting of contrast, correlation, energy and homogeneity, were extracted separately from the endosperm regions of single kernels. The partial least-squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) models were established using extracted mean spectra or textural features as individual inputs. The full spectral PLS-DA modeling results indicate that the mean spectra including both reflectance and absorbance spectra performed significantly better than using the textural features in identifying aflatoxin contamination on corn kernels. Using the mean reflectance and absorbance spectra between 925 and 2484 nm, the full spectral PLS-DA models achieved mean overall prediction accuracies of 88.3% and 86.3% when taking 20 ppb as the classification threshold. The corresponding means of overall prediction accuracies were 85.5% and 85.6% when 100 ppb was applied as the classification threshold. The extracted textural features were not found to be useful in identifying aflatoxin contamination.
Incidence of neurobehavioral side effects associated with levetiracetam compared to phenytoin in traumatic brain injury patients

Background: Phenytoin is recommended for seizure prophylaxis in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Levetiracetam has been proposed as an alternative agent. The purpose of this study was to determine whe...
Technical, Managerial, and Institutional Correlates of Data Sharing in Local Government

Although the rise of big data, open government, and social media implies greater data sharing, data exchange involves a complex social process. Based on prior research, this paper hypothesizes that greater data sharing will occur in agencies that demonstrate characteristics of interdependency, asymmetries of power and influence, and imposed requirements for access and exchange. Additionally, we anticipate that organization factors, including technical capacity and agency type, will explain data sharing outcomes. We test hypotheses using data from a 2012 national survey of local government managers in the US. Generally, the findings provide some support for the hypotheses and indicate that despite the significant improvements in technical feasibility of data sharing, sharing is strongly determined by social and organizational factors. Conclusions provide insights for future research directions and for practice.
Wireless collision detect (WCD): multiple access with receiver initiated feedback and carrier detect signal

An ad-hoc wireless network is a collection of wireless nodes that can communicate with each other without the aid of any pre-existing communication infrastructure. The medium access control protocol plays a crucial role in such networks by enabling efficient communication among multiple devices on the shared medium. At high data rates, busy-tone protocols will be much more efficient than collision avoidance protocols because of transceiver turn-around times. Wireless collision detect (WCD) is proposed to enhance the performance of existing busy-tone solutions. This improves the performance and eliminates hidden and exposed nodes. This protocol is based on collision detection by the destination node (DN) and performs similarly to the Ethernet protocol. We analyze the protocol and get very close agreement between analytical and simulation results. At 100 Mbps, WCD achieves 77% efficiency even with packets as short as 192 bytes which is a 10 fold improvement over the IEEE 802.11 MAC protocol. When the time during which the node is vulnerable to a collision is three times the time to detect a carrier, WCD performs 20% better than RI-BTMA.