cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Anti-Angiogenic Strategies in Breast Cancer: An Update

Angiogenesis plays a role in primary tumor growth and metastatic potential of breast cancer, and within the past decade, the development of angiogenesis inhibitors has been a significant focus of clinical research efforts. Multiple studies to date have confirmed a role for bevacizumab, a monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), in combination with chemotherapy in the treatment of metastatic breast cancer. Efforts to determine the efficacy of second-generation VEGF receptor antagonists in breast cancer patients are ongoing. In addition, trials are underway to investigate potential synergy between anti-angiogenic agents and other classes of breast cancer therapeutics and to examine the efficacy of angiogenesis inhibition in nonmetastatic disease. Preliminary work evaluating predictors of response to therapy, including serologic biomarkers, class-effect toxicity, or dynamic radiologic change, and pharmacogenetics, has been promising; however, future study is critical to best identify the patient population most likely to benefit from anti-angiogenic therapy.
Radiologic changes in infancy in McKusick cartilage hair hypoplasia

Cartilage hair hypoplasia (CHH), or metaphyseal dysplasia McKusick type, classically comprises short stature and scant fine hair. In this skeletal dysplasia there is a high incidence of immune deficiency and Hirschsprung disease, as well as a higher rate of malignancy. Clinical findings may be subtle in young children, and radiographic changes may be elusive. We present four children below age 2 in whom the clinical diagnosis of CHH was confirmed radiographically. We emphasize radiologically and clinically discernable anterior angulation of the entire sternum, a sign not previously described in this dysplasia.
Trends of light particle spectra observed in nucleus-nucleus collisions

Abstract The emission of energetic light particles (p,d,t) has been studied for 16 O induced reactions on Al, Zr and Au targets at the incident energies of 140, 215 and 310 MeV. The light-particle energy spectra have been analyzed in terms of a moving thermal source. The apparent temperatures exhibit a systematic variation as a function of the incident energy per nucleon above the Coulomb barrier. The observed trend can be extrapolated in a smooth fashion to temperatures obtained in relativistic heavy-ion collisions.
Uranium chemistry and pinning centers in high temperature superconductor

Abstract A study has been made of compounds formed when up to 1% uranium oxide is added to YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7− δ (Y123), prior to texturing. Initially, the study was to create pinning centers by addition of UO 4 , followed by neutron fission of some of the 235 U component. It was found that, prior to fission, the chemical reaction of U provides sufficient pinning centers to approximately double J c . The U forms in deposits about 300 nm in diameter. The number of such deposits is proportional to the mass of U. TEM and XRD studies identify the compound as (U 0.6 Pt 0.4 )YBa 2 O 6 , a double perovskite. Neither T c nor creep vary with %U. The uranium compound has also been produced outside of Y123. The behavior of uranium in high temperature superconductor (HTS) is thus of interest not only for introducing pinning centers by neutron fission of U but also as an effective chemical method to increase J c .
Regulation of glomerular angiotensin II receptors in renovascular hypertension: absence of response to variations in salt intake.

Etude de la regulation des recepteurs glomerulaires de l'angiotensine II dans l'hypertension renale chez le rat. Aucune modification de la densite de ces recepteurs n'etait observee selon les teneurs en sel des regimes prealablement fournis aux animaux
Effect of alpha-adrenergic blockade with prazosin on large coronary diameter during exercise.

BACKGROUNDExercise-induced dilation of coronary resistance vessels is limited by alpha-adrenergic mechanisms. However, the effect of alpha-adrenergic mechanisms on large coronary arteries during exercise is not known.METHODS AND RESULTSIn the present study, sonomicrometry was used to measure circumflex coronary arterial diameter during treadmill exercise before and after alpha 1-adrenergic blockade with prazosin in eight instrumented dogs. Before infusion of prazosin, exercise caused a fall in coronary vascular resistance (2.1 +/- 0.4 to 1.6 +/- 0.2 units, p less than 0.05) and dilation of the circumflex coronary artery (4.66 +/- 0.37 to 4.79 +/- 0.34 mm, p less than 0.05). Intracoronary infusion of prazosin during exercise caused a further decrease in coronary vascular resistance (1.6 +/- 0.2 to 1.4 +/- 0.2 units, p less than 0.05) and a further increase in circumflex coronary arterial diameter (4.79 +/- 0.34 to 4.83 +/- 0.34 mm, p less than 0.05). Intracoronary infusion of vehicle without prazosin durin...
Studies of electronic structures of the lowest excited triplet states of substituted benzenes and pyridines by EPR

Abstract Single crystal EPR studies of a series of substituted benzenes and pyridines have been made. It was observed that the electronic structures of these systems are primarily determined by the locations of the substituents. The observed results were qualitatively interpreted on the basis of the excited configurations of benzene.
Collision detection without full-decoding of corrupted packets: A novel design technique towards power-efficient and smart Wireless Sensor Networks

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) have been considered one of the very promising technologies for the implementation of smart grid. WSN-based smart grid communication protocols have been focused on extending the node's lifetime which is heavily depends on the energy consumption of the node. Since wireless sensors are typically deployed in an ad hoc fashion and operate off of a limited energy source, e.g., a battery, it is imperative to utilize the most power efficient techniques in wireless sensors to prolong battery life. In WSNs, a central node (a receiver) consumes large amount of power due to the necessity to decode every received packet regardless of the fact that the transmission may suffer from packets collision. Current collision detection mechanisms in WSNs have largely been revolving around direct demodulation and full decoding of received packets. The obvious drawback of full decoding of a received packet is the need to expend a significant amount of energy and processing complexity in order to fully-decode a packet, only to discover the packet is illegible due to a collision. In this paper, we propose a suite of novel, yet simple, smart and power-efficient technique to detect a collision at the receiver side of WSNs without the need for full-decoding of the received packet. Our novel technique aims at detecting collision through fast examination of the signal statistics of a short snippet of the received packet via a relatively small number of computations over a small number of received IQ samples. We also present a complexity and power-saving comparison between our novel technique and a conventional full-decoding technique to demonstrate the significant power and complexity saving advantage of our approach. In addition, we demonstrate how to tune various design parameters in order to allow a system designer multiple degrees of freedom for design trade-offs and optimization.
Spraying mode effect on droplet formation and ion chemistry in electrosprays.

Depending on the spraying conditions and fluid properties, a variety of electrospray regimes exists. Here we explore the changes in ion production that accompany the transitions among the three axial spraying modes, the burst mode, the pulsating Taylor cone mode, and the cone-jet mode. Spray current oscillation and phase Doppler anemometry measurements, fast imaging of the electrified meniscus, and mass spectrometry are utilized to study the formation, size, velocity, and chemical composition of droplets produced in the three modes. High-speed images indicate that the primary droplets are produced by varicose waves and lateral kink instabilities on the liquid jet emerging from the Taylor cone, whereas secondary droplets are formed by fission. Dramatic changes in the droplet size distributions result from the various production and breakup mechanisms observed at different emitter voltages and liquid flow rates. We demonstrate that droplet fission can be facilitated by space charge effects along the liquid ...
Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene in an Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line † 127

Transcriptional Regulation of the Human Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene in an Intestinal Epithelial Cell Line † 127
Linear connectivity problems in directed hypergraphs

We introduce a notion of hyperconnection (formally called L-hyperpath) between vertices in a directed hypergraph and relate this notion to existing notions of hyperpaths in directed hypergraphs. We show that some interesting questions in problem domains such as distributed secret sharing and routing in packet filtered networks are basically questions about the existence of L-hyperpaths in directed hypergraphs. We study the computational complexity of problems related to L-hyperpaths and the L-cyclomatic number of directed hypergraphs (the minimum number of hyperedges that need to be deleted to make a directed hypergraph free of L-hypercycles). We prove that the L-hyperpath existence problem, the L-cyclomatic number problem, the minimum L-cyclomatic set problem, and the minimal L-cyclomatic set problem are each complete for the complexity class NP, @S"2^p, @P"2^p, and DP, respectively.
Spatial variability in the soil foodwebs in a contaminated grassland ecosystem

Abstract Spatial relationships among soil nematodes and soil microorganisms were investigated in a grassland ecosystem at the U.S. Army's Aberdeen Proving Ground, Maryland. This area was contaminated with a wide range of concentrations of heavy metals. The study quantified microbial biomass, the abundance of soil protozoa and nematode populations. Geostatistical techniques were used to evaluate cross-correlations among biotic and abiotic parameters and to determine spatial distributions of these parameters in soil. The graphical analysis technique displayed a surface in three-dimensional space, the topography of which was generated by an independent variable and the surface colored by a dependent variable. Both the visualization technique and the cross general relative semivariogram showed a negative correlation between the abundance of fungivore nematodes and fungal biomass, the abundance of bacterivore nematodes and bacterial biomass, and between the numbers of protozoa and microbial biomass in less-contaminated portions of the study site. Graphical analyses of the spatial distribution of soil biota showed that relationships among components of the soil foodweb were altered in the highly contaminated area compared to the less-contaminated local background area. This suggests that environmental conditions in the soil of the contaminated areas may have a detrimental effect on trophic interactions in the soil foodweb.
Getting to Dissemination

The combination of a stage model of psychotherapy and treatment manualization has been a major step forward in treatment development and efficacy testing, but not in dissemination. I argue that the technological model of treatment development makes research on the practical application of these technologies difficult. If we continue on our present course, research on dissemination will be uncommon, expensive, and largely irrelevant to the practical issues that need to be faced. It makes more sense to proceed directly to dissemination research. Alternative methods, including manipulated training designs, will permit this, but these fundamentally challenge the implicit assumptions of the stage model.
Melioidosis presenting as an infected intrathoracic subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm treated with femoral vein interposition graft

We present the first case of in situ replacement of an infected subclavian artery using superficial femoral vein and the fourth reported case of an infected arterial pseudoaneurysm caused by pseudomonas pseudomallei. Sepsis and hoarseness developed in a 58-year-old man after recent travel to Borneo, Indonesia. Indirect laryngoscopy revealed a paralyzed right vocal cord. Computed tomography and arteriography revealed a 6.5-cm pseudoaneurysm of the proximal right subclavian artery. Blood cultures grew pseudomonas pseudomallei. An abnormal cardiac stress test prompted a coronary angiography, which revealed severe coronary artery disease.The patient underwent coronary artery bypass and in situ replacement of the infected subclavian artery pseudoaneurysm with a superficial femoral vein, along with placement of a pectoralis major muscle flap to cover the vein graft. Operative cultures of the pseudoaneurysm grew pseudomonas pseudomallei. The patient was treated with a 6-week course of intravenous ceftazidime and oral doxycycline and then continued on oral amoxicillin-clavulanate. One week after discontinuing intravenous antibiotics, the patient presented to the emergency department with a rapidly expanding, pulsatile mass in the right supraclavicular space. He was taken emergently to the operating room. After hypothermic circulatory arrest was accomplished, the disrupted vein graft and aneurysm cavity were resected and the subclavian artery was oversewn proximally and distally. Parenteral ceftazidime was continued for 3 months and oral amoxicillin-clavulanate (augmentin) was continued indefinitely. There was no evidence of infection clinically or by computed tomographic scan 2 years later. Although autogenous vein replacement of infected arteries and grafts may be successful in the majority of cases, this strategy should probably be avoided when particularly virulent bacteria such as the organism in this case are present.
Strengthening of austenitic stainless steel by formation of nanocrystalline γ-phase through severe plastic deformation during two-dimensional linear plane-strain machining

Austenitic stainless steel was severely plastically deformed at room temperature using plane-strain machining for two different processing conditions. Using X-ray diffraction, magnetometry, conventional transmission electron microscopy, including a transmission electron microscope based orientation imaging microscopy technique, and hardness measurements, microstructure changes were related to mechanical properties. The observed hardness increase is attributed to the machining-induced grain refinement and stored strain. Depending on the processing condition, dynamic recovery and recrystallization were observed.
A method for the determination of total, free, and 5-fluorodeoxyuridylate-bound thymidylate synthase in cell extracts

Abstract A radiochemical assay for thymidylate synthase (EC 2.1.1.45, dTMP synthase), which permits the accurate determination of total, free, and 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridylate (FdUMP)-bound enzyme in cells exposed to the 5-fluoropyrimidine anticancer agents, is described. The total intracellular concentrations of dTMP synthase (free plus FdUMP-bound enzyme) in extracts from CCRF-CEM leukemic cells incubated with 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine were determined following dissociation of the covalent dTMP synthase-5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate-FdUMP ternary complex in the presence of the substrate, 2′-deoxyuridine-5′-monophosphate. The addition of substrate prevented reformation of the ternary complex during the dissociation procedure, and allowed complete recovery of FdUMP binding sites in cells exposed to a high concentration of 5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine. After removal of the substrate by charcoal adsorption, the concentration of total FdUMP binding sites was determined by titration of the enzyme with a saturating concentration of [6- 3 H]FdUMP and 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate. The concentration of FdUMP-bound dTMP synthase was then calculated as the difference between the total and free (without prior ternary complex disruption) enzyme values. The high sensitivity of this assay coupled with its ability to accurately quantitate both free and FdUMP-bound dTMP synthase in cells exposed to a wide range of fluoropyrimidine concentrations should make it useful for a variety of experimental and clinical studies.
Carrier Ligand Effects in Platinum Resistant Cell Lines

Cisplatin resistance is a major clinical problem. Studies performed in a number of laboratories have shown that cisplatin resistance is multifactorial and varies significantly from one cell line to another. Our laboratory has focused on the carrier ligand effects on resistance, particularly those effects involving the diaminocyclohexane (dach) carrier ligand. The dach carrier ligand is of both historical and clinical interest. In 1977 Burchenal and coworkers first showed that platinum complexes with the dach ligand were effective in L1210 and P388 cell lines which were resistant to cisplatin (1,2). Similar findings have subsequently been reported in a number of cisplatin-resistant human cell lines (3–5). While relatively little is known about the mechanism of these carrier ligand effects, one dach-Pt compound, tetrachloro(trans-d) 1,2-diaminocyclohexaneplatinum(IV) (also known as tetraplatin or ormaplatin), is currently in phase I clinical trials. We initiated studies into the mechanism of these dach ligand effects because we felt that this type of information might allow one to predict the clinical situations where ormaplatin and other dach-Pt complexes would be most effective. Such information might also help in the design and/or selection of more effective second generation platinum complexes, and might allow one to design assays which would predict the likely efficacy of these complexes in treating cisplatin-resistant tumors. Finally, we felt information on the mechanism of carrier ligand effects should contribute to our overall understanding of the resistance phenomenon.
Oral contraceptive medication: a prolonged experience.

Abstract We find no reason to feel that norethindrone and norethindrone acetate with or without ethinyl estradiol produces deleterious metabolic effects when administered continuously for as long as 6 years. The capsules of an ovary removed from each of 3 women treated for 46 to 62.5 cycles each appeared thickened with fibrotic change. The incidence of carcinoma in situ among treated patients has not varied appreciably from the norm for this community. The average effort time for conception subsequent to administration of the above-mentioned drugs for nearly 3.5 years or less was 6.5 months with a range of 1 to 42 months. Some isolated experiences with thrombophlebitis complicating treatment and treatment being administered concomitant with the occurrence of thrombophlebitis are included.
Understanding pulsed IV measurement waveforms

Pulsed IV analysis allows the development of more accurate nonlinear models for RF and microwave device operation. An analysis of pulsed IV waveform allows better exploitation of measurement capabilities to produce accurate results. Static and dynamic IV measurement waveforms produced by a commercially available pulsed IV analyzer are examined. Because transistors can become unstable during any type of IV measurement, the use of bias tees allows a frequency-dependent impedance to be presented. However, it is shown that care must be used when using bias tees in pulsed IV measurement to choose a bias tee with an inductor time constant significantly higher than the pulsing frequency but lower than the frequency at which oscillations develop.
D-branes and time dependent dynamics in two dimensional string theory

We review recent progress in understanding unstable branes and their decays in two dimensionsional noncritical string theory using the dual formulation of the string theory as a matrix model.
Enhancing Automatic Incident Detection Techniques Through Vehicle To Infrastructure Communication

One of the fundamental requirements of a traffic management system is the ability to determine when an incident has occurred so that proper responses can be initiated. Automatic incident detection (AID) has been considered a method for quickly detecting potential incidents on the road. Although vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) started mainly for safety applications, surprisingly a very few work have been done in VANETs for automatic incident detection while most of the research went for developing routing protocols and privacy techniques. In this paper, we introduce a novel incident detection technique for non dense traffic flow by taking advantage of communication between cars and some roadside infrastructure installed on the road every mile or so. The proposed technique can provide a great enhancement to the existing AID techniques specially under sparse traffic where most of them fail to detect non blocking incidents.
Picosecond delay adjustment for 12.8 Gbps multiplexed testing

A novel high-bandwidth adjustable delay circuit is described that is used for XOR-based multiplexing of multi-Gbps test signals. By precisely-aligning the phase offset of two 6.4 Gbps ATE signals, an Indium-Phosphide exclusive-OR gate is used to synthesize a double-data-rate signal with picosecond resolution and ~30 ps accuracy. The delay circuit is based on an experimentally-observed second-order effect in a SiGe variable-amplitude differential buffer. A 2-channel module for testing serial and parallel signals up to 12.8 Gbps is described. The performance of the module is demonstrated between 6.4 Gbps and 12.8 Gbps.
Abdominal Palpation for the Diagnosis of Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

SYSTEMATIC REVIEW SOURCE This is a rational clinical examination abstract, a regular feature of the Annals’ Evidence-Based Emergency Medicine (EBEM) series. Each features an abstract of a rational clinical examination review from the Journal of the American Medical Association and a commentary by an emergency physician knowledgeable in the subject area. The source for this rational clinical examination review abstract is: Lederle F, Simel D. The rational clinical examination: does this patient have abdominal aortic aneurysm? JAMA. 1999;281:77-82. The Annals’ EBEM editors assisted in the preparation of the abstract of this rational clinical examination review as well as selection of the Evidence-Based Medicine Teaching Points.
Density Dependence and Independence

Density dependence occurs when the population growth rate, or constituent gain rates (e.g. birth and immigration) or loss rates (death and emigration), vary causally with population size or density (N). When these parameters do not vary with N, they are density-independent. Direct density dependence, where the population growth rate or gain rates vary as a negative function of N, or the loss rates vary as a positive function of N, is necessary but not always sufficient for population regulation. The opposite patterns, inverse density dependence or the Allee effect, may push endangered populations towards extinction. Direct density dependence is caused by competition, and at times, predation. It is detected observationally by analysis of abundance time-series; however, experimental field manipulations provide the most rigorous analytical methods for both detecting and understanding underlying mechanisms. Future directions include expanded and more detailed mechanistic field data integrated with more sophisticated population models. Key concepts: Direct density dependence occurs when the population growth rate varies as a causative inverse function of population size or density. Inverse density dependence – the Allee effect – may occur in a small population, driving it extinct. Direct density dependence is necessary but not always sufficient for a population to be regulated and may occur simultaneously with density independence. The ecological mechanisms of density dependence are competition, and in some circumstances, predation (including parasitism and disease). Density dependence is most commonly tested by examining the relationship between the population growth rate (or individual demographic rates) and population density, either observationally or experimentally. Understanding density dependence and regulation within the context of a metapopulation – a population of local populations linked by occasional dispersal – faces major empirical challenges. Recommended future research on density dependence includes detailed, mechanistic field observations and experiments, as well as modelling of complex dynamics in complex systems, such as metapopulations. Keywords: population ecology; demographic rates; Allee effect; population regulation; metapopulation
Delegated agents for network management

Current network management depends on centralized monitoring, analysis, and control by operations staff who must manipulate detailed and often obscure element instrumentation. This complex and labor-intensive management paradigm has been stretched to its limits by the scale and complexity of emerging networks. This article describes the use of delegated agents to distribute and automate management functions. With delegated agents, management intelligence can be dynamically embedded in elements and domains so that networked systems can be programmed to be self-managed.
Studies on the structural variation of the H chain of immunoglobulin M(IgM).

Abstract Four different H-chains from IgM proteins (μchains) have been studied from the standpoint of their gross molecular characteristics. These chains were shown to be homogeneous from the standpoint of sedimentation in the ultracentrifuge and migration in polyacrylamide gel disc electrophoresis. From the pattern of elution by gel filtration the molecular weight for all four calculated to be approximately 75,000. Each of the polypeptide chains had approximately 10% hexose, a C-terminal tyrosine residue, and a blocked N-terminal residue. Tryptic peptide maps suggested that the primary structure of these molecules have a significant proportion of their sequence in common, but a length of variable sequence that is limited to a perhaps relatively small part of the polypeptide chain.
Notational definition-a formal account

In the course of developing a mathematical theory or proof it is a common practice to introduce new notation to represent notation that is previously understood. The author presents a formal account that is intended to model the practice of introducing and using notational (abbreviate) definitions. The aim of this work is a pragmatic one: to provide a framework useful in the design and implementation of secure proof system interfaces which accommodate, as much as possible, conventional mathematical practice. A typed lambda -calculus is used to represent expressions of a given object language. A Delta -equation is introduced to model conventional definition equations. >
Roles of bovine serum albumin and copper in the assay and stability of ammonia monooxygenase activity in vitro.

We investigated the effects of bovine serum albumin (BSA) on both the assay and the stability of ammonia-oxidizing activity in cell extracts of Nitrosomonas europaea. Ammonia-dependent O2 uptake activity of freshly prepared extracts did not require BSA. However, a dependence on BSA developed in extracts within a short time. The role of BSA in the assay of ammonia-oxidizing activity apparently is to absorb endogenous free fatty acids which are present in the extracts, because (i) only proteins which bind fatty acids, e.g., BSA or beta-lactoglobulin, supported ammonia-oxidizing activity; (ii) exogenous palmitoleic acid completely inhibited ammonia-dependent O2 uptake activity; (iii) the inhibition caused by palmitoleic acid was reversed only by proteins which bind fatty acids; and (iv) the concentration of endogenous free palmitoleic acid increased during aging of cell extracts. Additionally, the presence of BSA (10 mg/ml) or CuCl2 (500 microM) stabilized ammonia-dependent O2 uptake activity for 2 to 3 days at 4 degrees C. The stabilizing effect of BSA or CuCl2 was apparently due to an inhibition of lipolysis, because both additives inhibited the increase in concentrations of free palmitoleic acid in aging extracts. Other additives which are known to modify lipase activity were also found to stabilize ammonia-oxidizing activity. These additives included HgCl2, lecithin, and phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride.
High-fidelity gates in quantum dot spin qubits

Several logical qubits and quantum gates have been proposed for semiconductor quantum dots controlled by voltages applied to top gates. The different schemes can be difficult to compare meaningfully. Here we develop a theoretical framework to evaluate disparate qubit-gating schemes on an equal footing. We apply the procedure to two types of double-dot qubits: the singlet-triplet and the semiconducting quantum dot hybrid qubit. We investigate three quantum gates that flip the qubit state: a DC pulsed gate, an AC gate based on logical qubit resonance, and a gate-like process known as stimulated Raman adiabatic passage. These gates are all mediated by an exchange interaction that is controlled experimentally using the interdot tunnel coupling g and the detuning [Symbol: see text], which sets the energy difference between the dots. Our procedure has two steps. First, we optimize the gate fidelity (f) for fixed g as a function of the other control parameters; this yields an f(opt)(g) that is universal for different types of gates. Next, we identify physical constraints on the control parameters; this yields an upper bound f(max) that is specific to the qubit-gate combination. We show that similar gate fidelities (~99:5%) should be attainable for singlet-triplet qubits in isotopically purified Si, and for hybrid qubits in natural Si. Considerably lower fidelities are obtained for GaAs devices, due to the fluctuating magnetic fields ΔB produced by nuclear spins.
Bond failure and decalcification: a comparison of a cyanoacrylate and a composite resin bonding system in vivo

This prospective, in vivo study compared bond failure and enamel decalcification with a cyanoacrylate bracket bonding system (SmartBond, Gestenco International, Gothenburg, Sweden) and a traditional light-cured composite system (Light Bond, Reliance Orthodontic Products, Itasca, Ill). A total of 327 teeth were evaluated after a period of 12 to 14 months; 163 experimental teeth were bonded with the cyanoacrylate bonding system, and 164 control teeth were bonded with the light-cured composite resin. All teeth were evaluated for breakage (bond failure). The average percentage of bracket failures with cyanoacrylate was 55.6% compared with 11.3% with composite resin (P <.001). All maxillary anterior teeth (94) were evaluated for enamel decalcification on a graded scale. Occurrence of enamel decalcification between the 2 bonding systems after 1 year of orthodontic treatment was similar. The cyanoacrylate bonding material had more than 4 times as many bond failures and a similar amount of decalcification as the traditional composite material. Cyanoacrylate as a routine orthodontic bonding agent is not a suitable bonding material for clinical practice at this time. It is important to test new bonding systems in vivo in several studies before using them in routine clinical practice.
Noninvasive Hemodynamic Measurements An Important Advance in Individualizing Drug Therapies for Hypertensive Patients

It has been well established that effective blood pressure (BP) lowering, using various antihypertensive agents with different mechanisms of action, lowers the risk for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.1–4 However, when hypertensive populations are partitioned into subgroups by race, sex, geography, and age, differences in BP responses to single antihypertensive drugs emerge, albeit at the group level, that have been used to guide therapy for individuals within these contrasted groups.1,5,6 With respect to race, perhaps the most widely used group characteristic used to guide individual therapy, we5 and Sehgal6 have argued that the observed racial differences in BP response overlap to such a large degree that, by far, the greatest source of variation in BP response is within rather than between groups. This observation renders the use of group characteristics as grossly suboptimal criterion on which to base therapy for all individuals of a group. The inaccuracy of blanket extrapolation of group characteristics to predict BP responses for individuals is also likely to be true for traits such as geographic residence, age, and sex. Thus, the findings reported by Smith et al7 in this issue of Hypertension were very encouraging. These investigators showed that consideration of hemodynamic parameters, as determined noninvasively by impedance cardiography (IC) (BioZ, Cardiodynamics), in the selection of antihypertensive therapy in primary care practice settings improved rates of BP control and normalization of selected hemodynamic parameters in drug-treated hypertensives with BP >140/90 mm Hg. They …
Modelling chemical systems I: Statistical modeling of fluid-solid reactions in porous media

We discuss statistical modeling of fluid-solid reaction processes in porous media. We show that ideas from modern statistical physics of disordered media, such as the concepts of percolation theory, aggregation processes, dynamic scaling and universality and random walk representation of diffusion processes are potent tools for studying of such processes in porous media. As examples, we briefly describe how such ideas and concepts can be used fruitfully to model non-catalytic gas-solid reactions processes, and the phenomenon of catalyst deactivation with pore plugging. The application of our method to other problems of interest is also discussed.
Character of States Near the Fermi Level in YBa2Cu3O7

The discovery of very high temperature superconductivity in copper oxide materials1,2 raises a number of fundamental questions. Many of these are related to the fact that these oxides are qualitatively different than nearly all other high temperature superconductors (they are similar in some ways to the Ba-(Pb-Bi)-0 system). Preparation requires techniques which are used in the preparation of ceramics, and their properties are similar to many ceramics - brittle rather than malleable, strongly tending to crack rather than bend. Yet, at high temperature they show conductivity characteristic of low density of states metals, and become superconducting in the range Tc = 30–100 K.
Metaphors and User Interfaces in the Twenty-First Century

Future user interfaces will be more multi-modal, contextual, and associated with devices. Designing components well for users remains the primary challenge.
Emotions and Identity Nonverification

When individuals’ identities are not verified, most theories and research suggest that they feel bad when others evaluate them more negatively than how they see themselves. It is less clear whether they feel good or bad when others evaluate them more positively than how they see themselves. We examine people’s emotional reactions to nonverifying feedback across seven studies that include both a survey and a laboratory component. In the survey, individuals feel a little better when others slightly overrate them (an enhancement effect). In both the survey and laboratory, individuals also feel bad for being highly overrated (a consistency effect), and this consistency effect overpowers the enhancement effect. The consistency effect emerges when we measure: (1) individuals’ identity meanings, (2) their responses to how they think others see them (reflected appraisals), and (3) the meanings in the situation that are relevant to an individual’s identity (identity-relevant situational meanings).
Predation by Carcinops pumilio (Coleoptera: Histeridae) and Macrocheles muscaedomesticae (Acarina: Macrochelidae) on the House Fly (Diptera: Muscidae): Functional Response, Effects of Temperature, and Availability of Alternative Prey

Rates of house fly, Musca damestica L., destruction by Carcinaps pumilia (Erichson) adults and Macrocheles muscaedamesticae (Scopoli) females at two densities in a poultry manure substrate were determined at 27°C as a function of prey availability, and models based on the disk equation of Holling fit the observed data closely (R2 > 0.92). Asymptotic predation rates were 54 fly immatures destroyed per predator per day for C. pumilia and 17 and 11 for M. muscaedamesticae at 5 and 20 mites per assay container, respectively. At 15 and 33°C, predation rates of C. pumilia were 12.3 and 82.7 per day, respectively, and those of M. muscaedamesticae were 5.0 and 36.3 per day, respectively. C. pumilia destroyed significantly fewer house flies when acarid mites (Calaglyphus sp.) were present as an alternative prey than when only fly immatures were present; there were no reductions in predation on the house fly in the presence of nematodes (Diplagasteraides sp.) or sphaerocerid (Capraica hirtula Rondani) immatures. M. muscaedamesticae destroyed significantly fewer house flies when nematodes and sphaerocerids were present than when only fly immatures were present; there was no reduction in predation on the house fly in the presence of acarid mites. I KEY WORDS mesticae Arachnida, Insecta, house fly, Carcinaps pumilia, Macracheles muscaeda-
Serous Otitis Media Immunoglobulin and Lysozyme Levels in Middle Ear Fluids and Serum

The middle ear fluids of seven patients with bilateral, and five patients with unilateral serous otitis media (SOM), were demonstrated to be microbiologically sterile when assessed for the presence of bacteria, mycoplasma, viruses, and fungi. The concentrations of immunoglobulins G, M, A, D, and lysozyme (muramidase) were determined in the serum and middle ear fluids. Lysozyme levels of middle ear aspirates were found to be elevated in SOM patients. The elevated levels of lysozyme in combination with the antibody-containing classes of immunoglobulins may explain the microbiologically sterile condition of the middle ear fluids of SOM patients. Also, the elevated lysozyme concentrations in middle ear fluids may indicate the previous presence of neutrophils and hence a previous inflammatory insult. The increased levels of IgA demonstrated in middle ear fluids may indicate local synthesis of secretory IgA by secretory cells of Eustachian tube and middle ear. The closed Eustachian tube, partial vacuum conditio...
Myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular thrombus and fatal thromboembolism following abrupt cessation of dabigatran

Novel anticoagulants are increasingly utilised in lieu of warfarin to treat non-valvular atrial fibrillation. Their clinical use in other non-FDA approved settings is also increasing. We present a case in which a patient abruptly stopped taking dabigatran due to a small bowel obstruction and shortly thereafter suffered a myocardial infarction complicated by left ventricular thrombosis with fatal embolisation to the superior mesenteric artery. In this context, we discuss the possibility of a rebound phenomenon of hypercoagulability with abrupt cessation of novel anticoagulants.
Iodine metabolism: III.

Statistically, both simple and exophthalmic goiter are related to iodine starvation. (Draft Board in U. S., Eggenberger in Europe.)In iodine metabolism it is always necessary to analyze the food, but in making up diets it is convenient to know the approximate content beforehand. The following table gives food-stuffs prepared as for the table except that oats and barley contained the husk, which has the greatest amount of the iodine, but this may be eaten by some experimental animals. The prunes contained the pits which are not eaten. The loganberries contained the seeds which are not digested, therefore the iodine may not all be absorbed.
Outcome of triplet pregnancies after assisted reproductive techniques : how frequent are the vanishing embryos ?

Objective To assess the incidence of spontaneous embryo reduction as well as the obstetric and neonatal outcome of triplet gestations after assisted reproductive techniques (ART). Methods We analyzed the spontaneous outcome of 38 pregnancies in which three gestational sacs were identified with vaginal ultrasound between 21 and 28 days after ART. Weekly follow-up visits were scheduled during the first trimester until referral to a high-risk obstetrician. After delivery, each patient was interviewed individually and, if necessary, the obstetrician was contacted. Results The triplets delivery rate was 47.4%, whereas 31.6% delivered twins, 18.4% delivered singletons, and only one patient miscarried all three sacs (2.6%). Finding three fetal heart beats was associated with a triplet delivery rate of 69.2%, a twin incidence of 19.2%, and a singleton birth rate of 11.6%. Embryo resorptions were observed mainly during the first 7 weeks of gestation and did not occur beyond the 14th week. The mean gestational age at delivery and neonatal birth weight were significantly lower among triplets (32.8 weeks and 1,740 g versus 35.3 weeks and 2,352 g in twins and 39.1 weeks and 3,122 g for singletons). Triplets had a 100% prematurity and cesarean section rate compared with 67% and 75% in twins and 0% and 43% in singletons, respectively. Hospitalization at the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit was required in 83% of newborn triplets, 29% of twins, and 0% of singletons, with a mean stay of 34 and 21 days for triplets and twins, respectively. One stillbirth and no neonatal deaths were reported, with an overall perinatal mortality rate of 11.9 per 1,000. Conculsion Spontaneously, approximately 50% of triplet pregnancies will experience at least one embryo resorption. The ongoing triplets demand a complex and more expensive perinatal management, a strong argument to consider limiting the number of oocytes-embryos transferred in ART.
Numerical simulation of SRM with finocyl grain during ignition transient

By using software(Fluent)of fluid calculation and user definition function(UDF),and in consideratiun of the effect of transient pressure interior three dimensional flow field of a SRM with finocyl grain was simulated during ignition transient.They are the curves of pressure-time of transient ignition in head area was obtained.The result shows one pressure oscillation before rupture of seal diaphragm and three pressure oscillations after rupture of seal diaphragm isn combustion chamber,and a variety trend of feebleness eatlier and intensity late for the pressute in cobustion chamber.The method can be used to predict characteristics of transient ignition.
Tone regulates opposing endothelium-dependent and -independent forces: resistance brain vessels in vivo.

Par l'observation des arterioles de la pie mere du cerveau de souris par microscopie televisee et par leur mesure par une technique a dedoublement d'images, comparaison de la reponse de ces arterioles a la serotonine et a l'histamine a forte dose, avant et apres alteration du tonus vasculaire
The effect of access restrictions on the vintage of drugs used by Medicaid enrollees.

Objective To examine the extent to which recent Medicaid drug access restrictions, such as preferred drug lists (PDLs), may affect the vintage (or time since Food and Drug Administration approval) of 6 types of drugs used by Medicaid beneficiaries. Study design Retrospective claims database analysis using National Drug Code pharmacy claims data. Methods A regression model was developed to analyze the effect that Medicaid access restrictions had on the vintage of medications prescribed in 6 different therapeutic categories. A "difference in differences" approach was used to compare the change in vintage of medications prescribed in Medicaid versus non-Medicaid patients between the January-June 2001 and July-December 2003 study periods. Results The results of the regression model showed that PDLs increased the age of Medicaid prescriptions by less than 1 year for drugs in 5 of the 6 therapeutic classes analyzed. In the case of pain management medications, the increase was more than 1.2 years. Conclusions The results of the regression model suggest that Medicaid drug access restriction programs (e.g., PDLs) have resulted in an increase in the age of drugs prescribed for Medicaid beneficiaries versus non-Medicaid patients. Since previous research has suggested a clinical and economic advantage to utilizing newer versus older drugs, further research should be conducted to explore how these medication restriction policies may unduly affect Medicaid beneficiaries compared with privately insured patients.
Prospects for research on the modulation of gene activity during brain aging

This brief review is concerned with prospects of the role of modulated gene expression in the brain during aging and in two age-related neurological diseases: Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases. Two key mechanisms involved in the disturbance of neuronal function during aging, i. e. deafferentation syndromes (as a result of the impairment of afferent influences) and steroid-induced neuronal changes, have been studied. The author suspects that many aspects of cell aging in the brain represent the influence of the environmental factors. The conception of new therapeutic approaches to the treatment of Alzheimer's disease has been developed.
Overview of Real-Time Software Design Method for Embedded Systems

Model-based systems engineering (Buede 2009, Sage 2000) and model-based software engineering (Booch 2007, Gomaa 2011, Blaha 2005) are recognized as important engineering disciplines in which the system under development is modeled and analyzed prior to implementation. In particular, embedded systems, which are software intensive systems consisting of both hardware and software components, benefit considerably from a combined approach that uses both system and software modeling. As described in Chapter 2, the modeling languages used in this book are SysML for systems modeling and UML for software modeling. This chapter provides an overview of the real-time software design method for embedded systems called COMET/RTE ( C oncurrent O bject M odeling and Architectural Design M et hod for R eal- T ime E mbedded systems), which uses the SysML, UML, and MARTE notations. Section 4.1 starts with an overview of the COMET/RTE systems and software life cycle. Section 4.2 describes each of the main phases of COMET/RTE. Section 4.3 compares the COMET/RTE life cycle with the Unified Software Development Process, the spiral model, and agile software development. Section 4.4 provides a survey of design methods for real-time embedded systems. Finally, Section 4.5 gives an introduction to the multiple view modeling and design of real-time embedded software architectures described in this textbook. COMET/RTE SYSTEM AND SOFTWARE LIFE CYCLE MODEL This section presents an overview of the COMET/RTE method from a system and software life cycle perspective. COMET/RTE starts with a systems structural analysis and modeling of the total system (hardware, software, people), which leads to defining the boundary between the system and the external environment and to designing the hardware/software interface. This is followed by an iterative software development process, which is both use case–based and object-oriented. The COMET/RTE life cycle model, which is depicted in Figure 4.1, is highly iterative and encompasses both system and software modeling. Iteration is between successive phases, as well as iterating back through multiple phases using an incremental development approach. Studies have shown that errors in requirements engineering and software architectural design are usually the last to be discovered and the most costly to fix (Boehm 2006), and this is particularly the case for real-time embedded systems. COMET/RTE focuses on requirements and design within an iterative system and software life cycle, as described in this section.
Protection of neonatal mice from fatal reovirus infection by immune serum and gut derived lymphocytes.

Murine reovirus infection has been used as a model to define the mechanisms of immunity to enteric viruses. Previous studies have shown that both cellular1–5 and humora14,6–8 immune responses develop in reovirus-infected mice. These specific immune responses, and particularly mucosal immune responses, probably play a pivotal role in containing and resolving enteric reovirus infection.