cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cytotaxonomy of Helianthus ciliaris and related species of the Southwestern U. S. and Mexico

In and around cultivated fields, along roadsides, and in various drainage habitats of the southwestern United States, central and northeastern Mexico, one frequently encounters plants of Helianthus ciliaris DC., commonly called blue weed. In a comprehensive submonographic treatment of Ilelianthus, Watson (1929) considered H. ciliaris as a single, exceedingly variable species, pointing out, in particular, variation in leaf shape, size and pubescence. As a result of cytological, morphological, and population studies in Mexico and the southwestern United States, I have come to the conclusion that several species were included in this taxon as delimited by Watson. The several species are generally similar to H. ciliaris and share with it the ability of rapid vegetative propagation by slender rhizomes, slightly or heavily glaucous stems, and certain types of pubescence. Cytological study has ellucidated the situation in some respects. Heiser and Smith (1955 and unpubl.) have shown that the chromosome number of H. ciliaris is n = 34. They also have one plant from western Texas with X 51 which probably arose by chromosome doubling in a natural hybrid between H. citiaris and one of the related species with n 17 discussed later. Counts from several additional populations of H. ctliaris have all been n 34 (Table 1). leliantivus has a basic number of x -_ 17, and H. citiaris (n 34) would be considered a tetraploid on this base. However, the closely related genus Viguiera has taxa with n -8 and 17, and Heiser and Smith (1955) have suggested that Helianthus may be of polyploid origin. Microsporocytes at diakinesis in Heltianthus ctlitaris from several localities had several quadivalents per cell (Fig. 1). This suggests that H. ctliaris is a segmental allotetraploid, derived from taxa with segments of chromosomes homologous enough for heterogenetic pairing to occur, and the genomic formula C1C1C2C2 is appropriate. The predicted result from intergenomal crossing over is segregation for characteristics by which the parental types differ (Stebbins 1950). At one extreme in H. ciliaris, one finds leaf types that are somewhat pinnately lobed, pilose or hispid, and stems that are pilose or hispid. At the other extreme are plants with entire or almost entire leaves with both leaves and stems glabrous. This suggests two possible ancestral types, both of which can be matched by existing diploids. One probable ancestral type of H. ciliaris is H. arizonensis, a diploid (Table 1), found in west-central New Mexico and east-cenrtal Arizona. Plants of this species are generally shorter than those of H. ctliaris and have smaller heads, but the only qualitative character that has been found to separate the two thus far is the completely yellow disc corollas in H. arizonensis. The disc corollas of H. ciliaris are invariably red-tipped or sometimes completely red. The populations of H. arizonensis tend to be smaller and more scattered than those of H-. cittaris. The other possible ancestor of H. ciliaris, assuming that the tetraploid has
Tyrosine Emission in the Tryptophanless Azurin from Pseudomonas Fluorescens

A strain of Pseudomonas fluorescens contains an azurin with no tryptophan and two tyrosines. This protein is interesting because it allows one to study both the structure of azurin and the emission of tyrosines in proteins. Comprehensive measurements were carried out including spectrophotometric and fluorimetric titration, fluorescence quantum yield, fluorescence polarization, and I- quenching. In the copper-containing protein, almost independent of the copper ion oxidation, the fluorescence quantum yield is approximately 60% of that of the apoprotein. The latter has the remarkable property that its quantum yield is even greater than free tyrosine. The two tyrosines in the metalloprotein have different pKa's, 10.75 and 12.78, but there is only one average pKa, 10.9 in the apoprotein. The polarization of the fluorescence at 310 nm (290-nm excitation) is 0.32 for the metalloproteins and 0.34 for the apoprotein. I- hardly quenches the fluorescence. The conclusion is that the two tyrosines are inaccesible to the solvent, located in nonpolar environments, larger than or equal to 20 A apart, and not adjacent to the disulfide bridge.
A simple Hankel interpretation of the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm

Abstract A simple interpretation of the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm in the light of the Hankel matrix is presented. The salient result is that the jump of the linear feedback shift register (LFSR) length is derived almost trivially from the so-called Iohvidov index of the Hankel matrix, prior to making any reference to the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm itself. Next, the Hankel system of equations that yields the updated connection polynomial is solved via the natural LU factorization of the Hankel matrix, which itself leads to the Berlekamp-Massey algorithm in a simple and transparent manner.
Evidence for change in particle excitation of Jupiter's atmosphere 1968–1979

Analysis of the Pioneer 10 and rocket observations of disk averaged emission from the sunlit atmosphere of Jupiter indicates that the spectrally integrated EUV brightness was reduced by at least a factor of two relative to Voyager spacecraft observations in 1979. Most of the variation is caused by the H Ly-alpha component in the spectrum, which was reduced roughly one order of magnitude near the time of solar minimum in 1972-1973. Although the analysis of the data does not produce entirely consistent results, the weight of evidence points to a factor of order roughly two lower abundance of H in Jupiter's atmosphere in 1972-1973 relative to 1979. The low emission rate in H Ly-alpha near the time of solar minimum in this proposed scenario is caused by an electroglow energy depositon rate reduced by a factor of roughly three. The apparent reduced abundance of H implies a reduced thermospheric temperature, even under the assumption of a constant electroglow deposition rate.
Analysis on the Motivations for the Internationalization Operation of China’s Commercial Bank

As the contemporary trend of world’s economic and financial integration has become more and more visible to see, and as the global market opens up day by day, the economy & finance of individual country penetrates into each other. And the interdependence and fusion between them has reached such a degree that each nation has been integrated into the huge world economy category and become an organic part of it. Under such situation, internationalization has developed as the main feature of current world economy, among which the internationalization development of the commercial bank constitutes a very important part. In 2006, the overall-open-up in China’s bank field was realized, while the internationalization operation of domestic commercial bank has also become an inexorable trend. Therefore, the thesis makes an analysis on the internal and external factors for the internationalization operation of China’s commercial bank based on the introduction of internationalization operation theory.
Deep seabed mining: An Indian perspective

This paper analyzes the prospects for the exploration and exploitation of polymetallic nodules by India. The first section examines the potential for deep seabed mining in the Central Indian Basin of the Indian Ocean. The second section examines the future demand for nickel, copper, cobalt, and manganese by India. The third section summarizes the policy process, and the advantages and disadvantages of deep seabed mining for India under the various options provided by the U.N. Convention. The paper concludes that Indian national interests are well served by the Convention, and that it should undertake deep seabed mining when feasible. 5 figures, 3 tables.
One way finite visit automata

Abstract A one-way preset Turing machine with base L is a nondeterministic on-line Turing machine with one working tape preset to a member of L. FINITEREVERSAL( L ) (FINITEVISIT ( L )) is the class of languages accepted by one-way preset Turing machines with bases in L which are limited to a finite number of reversals (visits). For any full semiAFL L , FINITEREVERSAL ( L ) is the closure of L under homomorphic replication or, equivalently, the closure of L under iteration of controls on linear context-free grammars while FINITEVISIT ( L ) is the result of applying controls from L to absolutely parallel grammars or, equivalently, the closure of L under deterministic two-way finite state transductions. If L is a full AFL with L ≠ FINITEVISIT( L ), then FINITEREVERSAL( L ) ≠ FINITEVISIT( L ). In particular, for one-way checking automata, k + 1 reversals are more powerful than k reversals, k + 1 visits are more powerful than k visits, k visits and k + 1 reversals are incomparable and there are languages definable within 3 visits but no finite number of reversals. Finite visit one-way checking automaton languages can be accepted by nondeterministic multitape Turing machines in space log 2 n . Results on finite visit checking automata provide another proof that not all context-free languages can be accepted by one-way nonerasing stack automata.
The relation of acid mucopolysaccharides and sulfhydryl groups to diseased oral mucosa.

Abstract Normal gingiva and samples of oral mucosa from patients with intraoral pemphigus vulgaris, lichen planus, chronic desquamative gingivitis, chronic gingivitis, and hormonal (pregnancy) hyperplasia of the gingiva were collected and fixed in either formalin or trichloracetic acid-ethanol. Sections of such tissue were stained with azure A between pH 0.5 and pH 6.5. Also, sections were stained with alcian blue, aldehyde fuchsin, aldehyde fuchsin-alcian blue sequences, and dihydroxy-dinaphthyl-disulfide (DDD). The intercellular substance in stratified squamous epithelium contains sulfated acid mucopolysaccharides in the keratinizing layers but nonsulfated acid mucopolysaccharides in the lower prickle-cell layers. There are sulfhydryl groups in the cytoplasm and the “intercellular bridges.” In all instances, sulfhydryl groups occur in the intercellular bridges only when acid mucopolysaccharides are present. In all disease states characterized by loss of intercellular bridges and edema, there is a loss of both acid mucopolysaccharides and sulfhydryl groups intercellularly.
An evaluation of the impact of a faith-based volunteer program

This paper presents a study undertaken to evaluate the impact of a faith-based volunteer program in Fort Wayne, Indiana, and determine how effectively the program serves to connect volunteers, agencies, and the local community. Organizational factors, such as volunteer training, task preparation, and support within the program, affect levels of volunteers’ performance and satisfaction. Based on the volunteers’ and agencies’ input regarding the faith-based volunteer program, we examine how faith-based volunteers perceived their own experiences related to their host program and to what extent they felt satisfied with their assigned work. We discuss survey and interview findings and suggest the need for further research among volunteer organizations.
Media architecture: general purpose vs. multiple application-specific programmable processor

In this paper we report a framework that makes it possible for a designer to rapidly explore the application-specific programmable processor design space under area constraints. The framework uses a production-quality compiler and simulation tools to synthesize a high performance machine for an application. Using the framework we evaluate the validity of the fundamental assumption behind the development of application-specific programmable processors. Application-specific processors are based on the idea that applications differ from each other in key architectural parameters, such as the available instruction-level parallelism, demand on various hardware components (e.g. cache memory units, register files) and the need for different number of functional units. We found that the framework introduced in this paper can be valuable in making early design decisions such as area and architectural trade-off, cache and instruction issue width trade-off under area constraint, and the number of branch units and issue width.
Personal and environmental predictors of posttraumatic stress in emergency management professionals.

Among first responders and other emergency workers in the disaster ecology, an understudied group is that of emergency management professionals (EMP). These individuals share many of the same role conflicts and ambiguities as do health care workers and as a group have been part of national discussio
Zinc isotopic evidence for the origin of the Moon

Lunar magmatic rocks are shown to be enriched in the heavy isotopes of zinc and to have lower zinc concentrations than terrestrial or Martian igneous rocks; these variations represent the large-scale evaporation of zinc, most probably in the aftermath of the Moon-forming giant impact event. The heavily favoured theory for the origin of the Earth–Moon system is a giant impact between the proto-Earth and a Mars-sized body. Such a cataclysmic event would have left its mark on the isotopic composition of the Moon, because light isotopes evaporate more readily than heavier ones. Zinc in particular is a powerful indicator of the volatile histories of planets — it undergoes strong isotopic fractionation in planetary rocks, but is hardly fractionated following volcanic activity on Earth. This study compares high-precision zinc isotopic data for lunar basalts, Martian meteorites and terrestrial igneous rocks, and finds that lunar magmatic rocks are enriched in the heavy isotopes of zinc and have lower zinc concentrations than terrestrial or Martian samples. The authors conclude that these variations are the result of large-scale evaporation of zinc in the aftermath of the Moon-forming giant-impact event. Volatile elements have a fundamental role in the evolution of planets. But how budgets of volatiles were set in planets, and the nature and extent of volatile-depletion of planetary bodies during the earliest stages of Solar System formation remain poorly understood1,2. The Moon is considered to be volatile-depleted and so it has been predicted that volatile loss should have fractionated stable isotopes of moderately volatile elements3. One such element, zinc, exhibits strong isotopic fractionation during volatilization in planetary rocks4,5, but is hardly fractionated during terrestrial igneous processes6, making it a powerful tracer of the volatile histories of planets. Here we present high-precision zinc isotopic and abundance data which show that lunar magmatic rocks are enriched in the heavy isotopes of zinc and have lower zinc concentrations than terrestrial or Martian igneous rocks. Conversely, Earth and Mars have broadly chondritic zinc isotopic compositions. We show that these variations represent large-scale evaporation of zinc, most probably in the aftermath of the Moon-forming event, rather than small-scale evaporation processes during volcanism. Our results therefore represent evidence for volatile depletion of the Moon through evaporation, and are consistent with a giant impact origin for the Earth and Moon.
Placing the perceptual-cognitive approach in perspective.

Abstract Although some features of the “psychological approach” are compelling, its immediate impact as a theoretical framework appears to be limited by somewhat ambiguous key constructs and the lack of appropriate placement vis-a-vis extant conceptual views.
Three robot-rooms: the AWE project

We describe innovative new work in the development of an "animated architecture." Specifically, we describe our early research aimed at the creation of intelligent, programmable, physical spaces supporting working life. Our research takes advantage of recent developments in HCI and continuum robotics to enable humans to exploit emerging technologies and adaptively alter both the ambience and functionality of their environments.
The Political Economy of Stalinism: A Bergson Retrospective

This paper examines the nature of the Soviet dictatorship – Stalin and the Politburo – in the 1930s using some of the propositions put forward by Abram Bergson and by other participants in the socialist controversy – Hayek, Mises, and other contributors. Four models of dictatorship are examined using the top level records of the Soviet dictatorship from the Soviet state and party archives to examine how the dictator made decisions and with what results.
Characterization of edge plasma and turbulence in the Phaedrus-T tokamak

A portable fluctuation diagnostic facility, equipped with a fast reciprocating Langmuir probe array, has participated in a collaborative measurements of edge turbulence and transport in the edge plasma of the Phaedrus-T tokamak. As is typical of many other ohmically heated tokamak plasmas, it is found that fluctuation driven particle flux plays an important role in the oarticle transport and that the normalized fluctuation level has ordering e φ ˜ p / T e > n ˜ / n > T ˜ e / T e and e φ ˜ p / T e > p ˜ / p where p=nTe. A comparison is made of Langmuir probe measurements obtained from probe tips of different construction to quantify the poloidal asymmetry in equilibrium plasma parameters observed in the scrape-off layer. Near the last closed flux surface, a shear layer marked by changes in several fluctuation properties was observed.
Dynamic Behavior of the Active and Inactive State of Adenosine A2A Receptors

Adenosine A2A receptors belong to the class A G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) and are drug targets for the treatments of Parkinson's disease and cardiac ischemia. A2A receptor has been thermostabilized with specific mutations and crystallized in the inactive and active conformations. The crystal structures do not provide a complete picture of how the mutations thermostabilize the specific conformational state of the receptor. Using MD simulations, we investigated the differences in the stability and energy landscape of mutant and wild type in the active and inactive state in the presence/absence of agonist and antagonist ligand. Our results show that the mutations lead to enthalpic stabilization of the receptor. Stabilization resulting from mutations is due to the formation of inter-helical hydrogen bonds that improves the transmembrane domain packing. Such mutations also alter the conformations of the neighboring residues to improve the interhelical packing. The active mutant shows less movement of the TM6 with respect to TM3 than the wild type receptor in this conformation. This TM6 movement signifies the activation process in GPCRs. While this restricted movement of the thermostable mutant is advantageous in purification and crystallization of active mutant, it could be the reason why these mutants are not efficient in activating the G proteins.
Electrophysiological correlates of synchronous neural activity and attention: a short review

Attentional selection implies preferential treatment of some sensory stimuli over others. This requires differential representation of attended and unattended stimuli. Most previous research has focused on pure rate codes for this representation but recent evidence indicates that a mixed code, involving both mean firing rate and temporal codes, may be employed. Of particular interest is a distinction of attended from unattended stimuli based on synchrony within neural populations. I review electrophysiological evidence at macroscopic, mesoscopic and microscopic spatial scales showing that the degree of synchronous activity varies with the attentional state of the perceiving organism.
Internal femoral forces and moments during running: implications for stress fracture development.

Abstract Background Femoral stress fractures tend to occur at the neck, medial proximal-shaft, and distal-shaft. The purpose of this study was to determine the internal femoral forces and moments during running. It was expected that larger loads would occur at these common sites of femoral stress fracture. Methods Ten subjects ran at their preferred running speed over a force platform while motion capture data were collected. Static optimization in conjunction with a SIMM musculoskeletal model was used to determine individual muscle forces of the lower extremity. Joint contact forces were determined, and a quasi-static approach was used to calculate internal forces and moments along a centroid path through the femur. Findings The largest mean peak loads were observed at the following regions: anterior–posterior shear, 7.47 bodyweights (BW) at the distal-shaft (posteriorly directed); axial force, 11.40 BW at the distal-shaft (compression); medial–lateral shear, 3.75 BW at the neck (medially directed); anterior–posterior moment, 0.42 BW m at the proximal-shaft (medial surface compression); torsional moment, 0.20 BW m at the distal-shaft (external rotation); medial–lateral moment, 0.44 BW m at the distal-shaft (anterior surface compression). Interpretation The mechanical loading environment of the femur during running appears to explain well the redundancy in femoral stress fracture location. We observed the largest internal loads at the three femoral sites prone to stress fracture.
Suppression of hyphal formation in Candida albicans by mutation of a STE12 homolog

A Candida albicans gene (CPH1) was cloned that encodes a protein homologous to Saccharomyces cerevisiae Ste12p, a transcription factor that is the target of the pheromone response mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade. CPH1 complements both the mating defect of ste12 haploids and the filamentous growth defect of ste12/ste12 diploids. Candida albicans strains without a functional CPH1 gene (cph1/cph1) show suppressed hyphal formation on solid medium. However, cph1/cph1 strains can still form hyphae in liquid culture and in response to serum. Thus, filamentous growth may be activated in C. albicans by the same signaling kinase cascade that activates Ste12p in S. cerevisiae; however, alternative pathways may exist in C. albicans.
Arctic Radiative Fluxes: Present-Day Biases and Future Projections in CMIP5 Models

AbstractRadiative fluxes are critical for understanding the energy budget of the Arctic region, where the climate has been changing rapidly and is projected to continue to change. This work investigates causes of present-day biases and future projections of top-of-atmosphere (TOA) Arctic radiative fluxes in phase 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Compared to Clouds and the Earth’s Radiant Energy System Energy Balanced and Filled (CERES-EBAF), CMIP5 net TOA downward shortwave (SW) flux biases are larger than outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) biases. The primary contributions to modeled TOA SW flux biases are biases in cloud amount and snow cover extent compared to the GCM-Oriented CALIPSO Cloud Product (CALIPSO-GOCCP) and the newly developed Making Earth System Data Records for Use in Research Environments (MEaSUREs) dataset, respectively (with most models predicting insufficient cloud amount and snow cover in the Arctic), and biases with sea ice albedo. Future projections (2081–90) w...
Root caries incidence and associated risk factors in middle‐aged and older adults

Data from population-based longitudinal studies required to assess the incidence of root caries and associated risk factors are sparse in the literature. To this end, a group of 130 middle-aged and older adults were examined for root caries at baseline and at a follow-up visit between nine and 24 months (median: 16 months). Dental examinations were conducted by one examiner at a Tufts dental clinic using NIDR defined diagnostic criteria. Fifty percent of subjects in this study population developed one or more new root caries lesions over the follow-up period. Also, an annualised increment of 0.60 (SD: 0.72) decayed and filled surfaces per person was observed for the 45-59 year old group while the 70+ group showed an annualised increment of 1.38 (SD: 1.97) DFS in this study. Multivariate logistic regression analysis identified past root caries experience, high plaque score, and high number of teeth (> = 22) to be positively associated with new root caries (p < 0.05).
Methylation of Lilium DNA during the meiotic cycle.

Abstract Approx. 4.5 % of the bases in Lilium DNA are 5-methylcytosine. Methylation occurs during each of the three intervals of DNA synthesis associated with the meiotic cycle. Inhibition of methylation by ethionine or norleucine does not block DNA synthesis and does not prevent the cells from progressing through meiosis. Cells with reduced levels of methylated DNA undergo rapid DNA methylation when inhibitory condition is removed. The methylation can occur at any stage of meiosis except during those stages when the chromosomes are maximally contracted. Under normal conditions, methylation of cytosine residues occurs within 2 min of the incorporation of deoxycytidylate into DNA. Such methylation, however, does not occur until after completion of nascent DNA chains. The results provide evidence that meiotic plant cells behave in much the same way as mammalian somatic cells with respect to DNA methylation. They also indicate that reduced levels of methylation in the DNA do not interfere significantly with either chromosome pairing or chiasma formation during meiosis.
Elicitation of cotton isoperoxidases by Aspergillus flavus and other fungi pathogenic to cotton

The distribution of peroxidase(s) in non-inoculated cotton bolls and flowers was qualitatively determined. The soluble and bound forms of cotton peroxidase(s) were investigated for changes elicited by fungal infection. Inoculation of cotton bolls, 30 days post anthesis, with Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium moniliforme, Fusarium semitectum or Rhizoctonia solani followed by a 6-day incubation period stimulated soluble peroxidase activity by 2- to 6-fold. In addition, fungal stress elicited two to five distinct soluble peroxidase isozymes not observed or at very low levels in non-inoculated controls. The pl values by isoelectric focusing for these isoperoxidases were 4·25, 4·35, 4·50, 4·65, 4·75 and 4·83. The pI 4·50 form was produced in controls and was also the major isozyme in the stress profiles. Each cotton-pathogen combination produced a unique peroxidase profile. No differences between control and fungal-stressed bolls were observed with either the specific activity or the peroxidase profile in the case of ionically-bound or covalently-bound classes of the enzyme.
Anxiety and the Influences of Flow, Trauma, and Fantasy Experiences on Dancers:

This study investigated the psychological effects of anxiety on professional and pre-professional dancers (n = 73), in particular the relationships between anxiety and flow, past traumatic events, and fantasy. Results demonstrated that anxiety was statistically related to increased age, total traumatic events, increased fantasy proneness, with no association to flow. All dancers experienced moderate-to-high global flow experiences, and 75.3% of the dancers endorsed high autotelic experiences (an ability to regularly transform potential threats into positive flow experiences). In a stepwise linear regression analysis, together past traumatic events and fantasy explained 19.4% of the variance for anxiety. Greater mean scores for total traumatic events and lower autotelic flow experiences were found in the dancers with pathological levels of anxiety. Since 23.3% of the dancers endorsed clinical levels of anxiety (panic), further understanding regarding panic and anxiety in a dancer population is recommended,...
Gilles de la tourette's syndrome associated with chronic schizophrenia

We report a patient in whom Tourette's syndrome (TS) and Type I schizophrenia coincided, and suggest, based on clinical features and pharmacological responses, that both conditions in this patient could have a common pathophysiological basis.
Energy and surface moisture seasonally limit evaporation and sublimation from snow-free alpine tundra

This study highlights the importance of landscape position and resultant snow accumulation to the hydrologic balance of snow-free alpine tundra, and suggests that modeling studies must account for seasonally dissimilar partitioning of the energy balance in order to accurately predict evaporation and/or sublimation. The eddy covariance method was used to measure the surface energy balance above high-elevation (3502 m above sea level) alpine tundra at Niwot Ridge, CO, over 3 years from 2007 to 2009. During the winter the site was characterized by wind scour, with little snow accumulation. Two co-located towers afforded the opportunity to constrain the influence of complex mountain topography on measurement uncertainty, and overall errors were comparable to other FLUXNET sites. Random measurement uncertainty for the turbulent fluxes was approximately 10% of midday summertime values. The 0.5-h mean energy balance closure was 81% over the entire measurement period, and improved to 91% during the summer when the magnitude of the turbulent fluxes was larger. In spite of 955 mm mean annual precipitation, the 24-h mean evaporative fraction was 0.39, typical of dry grassland or rangeland ecosystems. These low values were attributed to rapid, efficient removal of snow by prevailing windy conditions throughout the winter. During the summer when rainfall provided moisture, evaporation was principally limited by available energy. Overall, an average of 39% of annual precipitation was evaporated or sublimated back to the atmosphere. We conclude that the annual distribution of precipitation is an essential control on evaporation and sublimation from this ecosystem.
Leisure Studies in the 21st Century: The Sky is Falling?

Leisure studies as a discipline is perceived to be in crisis. This perception is not new and is not necessarily negative, as all disciplines go through periods of crises. This crisis is identified as both intellectual and institutional. This essay provides an historical context for identifying the current intellectual issues and the description of two primary concerns facing the field today: the collective identity and the connection between leisure and society. Four approaches for addressing the perceived crisis are offered: embrace change, articulate the collective identity, celebrate the contributions of leisure studies, and identify current and future collaborators.
Bone marrow transplantation: support of the patient and his/her family

Bone marrow transplantation (BMT) has evolved over the last decade from a controversial research procedure to a standard therapeutic modality, becoming an important innovative treatment for hematological malignancies, solid tumors, immunodeficiency diseases and metabolic disorders. historically in research and clinical literature, the BMT procedure is divided into several stages, each accompanied by particular emotional tones and psychological issues. In providing care for transplant recipients, donors, and families, caregivers must be familiar with the psychological stages of the procedure, the psychological themes such as body image, and the patient's mechanisms of coping with the stress of such protocols. BMT's complex regimens of high-dose chemotherapy and total-body irradiation, germ-free environments, graft-versus-host disease, and total parenteral nutrition can precipitate significant psychological sequelae in some patients with acute and long-term consequences. In response to their illness, transplant patients may also develop emotional disturbances of anxiety, depression, agitation, and non-compliance. This paper will address the psychological care of the patient, donor and family from pre-BMT consultation, through informed consent, hospitalization and convalescence. Various psychotherapeutic, pharmacological and behavioral interventions will be briefly described. Finally, areas of research in quality of life after BMT and factors that may predict BMT adjustment and outcome will be explored. We hope this brief paper will familiarize the reader with this psychologically intriguing field and will provide a departure point for future reading, study, research, and patient/family care.
A new concept: Impulse in orthodontics

One of the important uses of extraoral appliances is to counterbalance force systems placed on the reactive, anchor teeth by intraoral appliances such as space closure springs. Extraoral appliances are often worn less than full time, whereas intraoral springs act full time. Anecdotal evidence indicates that sufficient part-time extraoral appliance were with appropriate force level is sufficient to balance intraoral appliance activity while preserving anchorage. A rational explanation is presented to substantiate this clinical evidence through equating extraoral impulse (force × time and/or moment × time) to the impulse conveyed to the teeth by the intraoral appliance. By adjusting force and/or moment magnitude in combination with the correct time of application, the clinician can achieve appropriate energy levels for anchorage in three dimensions.
Menu Design Based on Expert Knowledge Structures: A Validation

This project evaluated the effectiveness gained by redesigning a user interface based on the knowledge structure of domain experts. Scenario-based simulation enables realistic training in synthetic environments. As the instructor remains essential to facilitating effective scenario-based training, their user interface should be efficient. Previous research modeled knowledge structures used to redesign a menu within a scenario generation interface. The current research evaluated the redesigned menu based on the ascertained knowledge structures. To evaluate the redesigned menu, participants were timed as they selected target items in the original and redesigned menus. Results indicated that experienced users selected items in the redesigned menu significantly faster, and preferred the redesigned menu to the original. Thus, this result demonstrates tangible benefits to organizing menus according to expert knowledge, even when users are familiar with a menu structure. Using methods that follow the general pri...
Using information content and base frequencies to distinguish mutations from genetic polymorphisms in splice junction recognition sites

Predicting the effects of nucleotide substitutions in human splice sites has been based on analysis of consensus sequences. We used a graphic representation of sequence conservation and base frequency, the sequence logo, to demonstrate that a change in a splice acceptor of hMSH2 (a gene associated with familial nonpolyposis colon cancer) probably does not reduce splicing efficiency. This confirms a population genetic study that suggested that this substitution is a genetic polymorphism. The information theory-based sequence logo is quantitative and more sensitive than the corresponding splice acceptor consensus sequence for detection of true mutations. Information analysis may potentially be used to distinguish polymorphisms from mutations in other types of transcriptional, translational, or protein-coding motifs. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Studies on the mode of action of calciferol. XIII. Development of a radioimmunoassay for vitamin D-dependent chick intestinal calcium-binding protein and tissue distribution.

A RIA for chick intestinal calcium-binding protein (CaBP) has been developed with a sensitivity of 1 ng. The antiserum was generated in rabbits injected with highly purified vitamin D-dependent chick intestinal CaBP. The assay employs the double antibody technique, and 125-labeled CaBP was prepared using chloramine T. Low molecular weight peptide hormones and normal rabbit, rat, and human serum proteins show no cross-reactivity in the assay. Measurements of chick intestinal and kidney CaBP by RIA showed a good correlation with measurements of CaBP by the radial immunodiffusion method. The assay is reproducible (interassay variability, 16.3%) and precise (intraassay variability, 4.0%). The concentration of immunoreactive CaBP (iCaBP) in chick serum (2.7 ng/ml serum) can now be measured as early as 8 h after the administration of 6.5 nmol 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3; a maximum of 11 ng/ml is reached at 20 h. The level of CaBP in chick serum was found to be dependent on the dose of vitamin D3 or 1,25-dihydroxyv...
Detecting Nitrogen and Phosphorus Stress in Corn Using Multi-spectral Imagery

Abstract The ability to evaluate in-season nutrient deficiencies and/or estimate grain yield could be beneficial to producers in helping make various management decisions. Proper nutrient management decisions could lead to decreased environmental pollution due to over fertilization. A field experiment was established to evaluate the use of multi-spectral imagery for estimating in-season plant biomass, plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) concentration, grain yield, and grain N and P concentration with varying degree of N and P nutrition. The experiment was a randomized complete block design with four replications using a factorial arrangement of treatments in an irrigated continuous corn (Zea may L.) system. There were four N rates (0, 67, 134, and 269 kg N ha−1) and four P rates (0, 22, 45, 67 kg P ha−1). Multi-spectral imagery was collected throughout the growing season using a four [blue, green, red, and near-infrared (NIR)]-band sensor. Grain yield, in-season biomass and N concentration increased wit...
Proceedings of the workshop, Impact cratering: Bridging the gap between modeling and observations

Proceedings of the workshop, Impact cratering: Bridging thegap between modeling and observations
Ultrasonic Cardiac Echography for Determining Stroke Volume and Valvular Regurgitation

Ultrasonic echography for ventricular size determination, calculating stroke volume and valvular regurgitation severity
An Optimized Method for the quantitation of Carboxyamidotriazole (CAI) in Human Plasma with Solid Phase Extraction and reversed Phase HPLC

Abstract The anticancer agent CAI was quantitated from human plasma using a C-18 column with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and water (each containing 0.01M ammonium acetate) pumped over a gradient at a flow rate of 1.0 mL min. The detection of CAI and the internal standard, harmine, was accomplished using a photodiode-array detector set at 264 and 323 nm, respectively. The chromatographic run time was 17.5 minutes. The plasma samples were prepared for HPLC analysis using a C-18 solid phase extraction procedure. Two calibration curves were prepared. and the assay was shown to be linear in the concentration range of 0.02 to 0.5 μg/mL for the low curve and 0.25 to 10.0 μg/mL for the high curve, with average correlation coefficients of 0.9933 and 0.9938, respectively. Intra-assay and inter-assay imprecisions were less than 10.0% with an error of accuracy of less than 11.0%. The assay was reproducible with the sensitivity needed for the prediction of CAI levels in the plasma of cancer patients.
VELOCITY GROWTH CURVES FOR VLBW INFANTS. † 1224

Growth data prospectively collected on 1665 infants [birthweight (BW) 501-1500 g] by the 12 Network centers were used to evaluate velocity growth. Infants had been admitted to a Network NICU between 8/31/94 and 8/9/95 at age≤ 24 hrs, survived > 7 d, and were free of major congenital anomalies. They were followed until discharge, transfer, age 120 d or until reaching a body weight (WT) of 2000 g. WT was recorded daily until BW was regained and/or a minimum of 14 d, then it was recorded weekly; length (L), head circumference(HC), and midarm circumference (MAC) were recorded weekly. A random effects regression model which included time, log (time), and other covariates [eg gestational age (GA)] was used to analyze these longitudinal data and to construct velocity growth curves for infants within 100 g BW groups(Figure). Statistically significant correlations between the velocity of WT gain, L gain, HC gain, MAC gain, and MAC/HC ratio were noted. Within each 100 g BW group, GA, race and gender had no effect on the rate of growth. These curves were derived from a large, diverse population of VLBW infants. They will be useful to assess growth and to monitor the response to nutritional interventions.
Influence of strict, intermediate, and broad diagnostic criteria on the age- and sex-specific incidence of Parkinson's disease

We studied the influence of three sets of diagnostic criteria on the age- and sex-specific incidence of Parkinson's disease (PD) among residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, for the period 1976 to 1990. Incidence cases of parkinsonism were detected using the medical records-linkage system of the Rochester Epidemiology Project. PD was separated from other types of parkinsonism using strict, intermediate, and broad criteria. We found 154 incident cases of PD using the strict criteria, 215 using the intermediate criteria, and 266 using the broad criteria. The incidence rate was consistently higher for men across all ages with all three sets of criteria; however, sex differences were more striking at older ages when using the broad criteria. In men above age 79 years, the incidence rate of PD declined with strict criteria, remained stable with intermediate criteria, and increased with broad criteria. The impact of diagnostic criteria on the age-specific incidence curve was less striking for women. When using the broad criteria, the risk of PD increased constantly with age in both sexes, suggesting that PD is an aging-related disease. Our findings suggest that the diagnostic criteria used to separate PD from other types of parkinsonism influence the magnitude of PD incidence and its distribution by age and sex.
High aspect ratio cylindrical nanopores in silicon-on-insulator substrates

Cylindrical solid-state nanopores with 40 nm diameter were fabricated in silicon-on-insulator substrates using standard cleanroom semiconductor processing techniques. Here we report on a fabrication sequence which consistently produced robust nanopores with control over the final diameter. The electrolyte concentration dependence of ion transport through a single nanopore was measured over the range of 0.316 mM to 1 M. Experimentally measured values follow the bulk linear behavior at high concentrations but deviate from the simple model at lower concentrations. These deviations were modeled using a surface charge conduction mechanism.
Effects of electrophysiologic testing of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator on left ventricular systolic function and diastolic filling.

We investigated the effects of electrophysiologic testing of the automatic implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (AICD) on left ventricular systolic function and diastolic filling in 12 patients. Ventricular tachycardia or ventricular fibrillation was induced by programmed electrical stimulation and alternating-current, respectively. Patients were studied before and immediately after, 10 minutes after, and 1 hour after defibrillation by the AICD using M-mode, two-dimensional, and pulsed Doppler echocardiography. Immediately after defibrillation, increases were found in the peak early filling velocity (70 ± 10 cm/sec to 84 ± 24 cm/sec, p < 0.01), peak early-to-atrial filling velocity ratio (1.05 ± 0.21 to 1.29 ± 0.26, p < 0.005), and maximum rate of diastolic chamber enlargement (82 ± 26 mm/sec to 102 ± 44 mm/sec, p < 0.05). These changes were not evident at 10 minutes and 1 hour. Cardiac output and ejection fraction were unchanged after defibrillation. Heart rate and diastolic filling time were unchanged. We conclude that electrophysiologic testing of the AICD does not impair left ventricular function in the immediate to 1-hour period after defibrillation. Left ventricular systolic function is unchanged and diastolic filling is enhanced.
FORMATION OF PYRIMIDINE DIMERS IN SIMIAN VIRUS 40 CHROMOSOMES AND DNA in vitro: EFFECTS OF SALT

— Simian virus 40 chromosomes were used to determine whether packaging of DNA into chromatin affected the yield of cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers introduced by ultraviolet light (254 nm). SV40 chromatin and purified SV40 DNA (radioactively labeled with different isotopes) were mixed and irradiated in vitro. The proteins were extracted and pyrimidine dimers detected as sites sensitive to the UV-endonuclease encoded by bacteriophage T4. When irradiation was carried out in the presence of at least 0.05 M NaCl the same number of dimers were formed in chromatin as in free DNA. Irradiation in the absence of NaCl, however, reduced the relative yield of dimers in chromatin to 89% of that in free DNA. Different methods of chromatin preparation did not influence these results.
Multiplicities and Rees valuations

Let $(R,\m)$ be a local ring of Krull dimension~$d$ and $I\subseteq R$ be an ideal with analytic spread~$d$. We show that the $j$-multiplicity of~$I$ is determined by the Rees valuations of~$I$ centered on~$\m$. We also discuss a multiplicity that is the limsup of a sequence of lengths that grow at an~$O(n^d)$ rate.
Modeling virtual machine performance: challenges and approaches

Data centers are increasingly employing virtualization and consolidation as a means to support a large number of disparate applications running simultaneously on server platforms. However, server platforms are still being designed and evaluated based on performance modeling of a single highly parallel application or a set of homogenous work-loads running simultaneously. Since most future datacenters are expected to employ server virtualization, this paper takes a look at the challenges of modeling virtual machine (VM) performance on a datacenter server. Based on vConsolidate (a server virtualization benchmark) and latest multi-core servers, we show that the VM modeling challenge requires addressing three key problems: (a) modeling the contention of visible resources (cores, memory capacity, I/O devices, etc), (b) modeling the contention of invisible resources (shared microarchitecture resources, shared cache, shared memory bandwidth, etc) and (c) modeling overheads of virtual machine monitor (or hypervisor) implementation. We take a first step to addressing this problem by describing a VM performance modeling approach and performing a detailed case study based on the vConsolidate benchmark. We conclude by outlining outstanding problems for future work.