cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Structural and fluid evolution of a young accretionary complex: The Hoh rock assemblage of the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington

The Hoh rock assemblage of the western Olympic Peninsula, Washington, was Deposited in Eocene to Miocene time, and accreted, deformed, uplifted, and eroded by the late Miocene. Northeast-dipping fault zones within the Hoh are characterized by intensely deformed mud matrix melange, and they range from ∼200 m to >1,000 m thick; kinematic indicators within the matrix indicate thrusting to the west-southwest. Both hanging-wall and footwall sections are strongly folded and faulted. Wall-rock sections are lithostratigraphically distinct, with hanging walls composed of massive coarse sandstone and conglomerate, and footwall sections composed of thin- to medium- bedded sandstone and siltstone. Folds within the wall-rock sections are oblique to, and are truncated by, the later fault-zone melanges, indicating that the fault zones postdate folding. Evidence of fluid involvement in the Hoh rocks includes petroliferous outcrops, carbonate and clay cement, and veins of carbonate and laumontite. The progressive evolution of veins and cements (paragenetic sequence) can be interpreted in terms of crystallization under conditions of increasing consolidation, decreasing salinity, and changing fluid composition. Suppressed carbonate luminescence may reflect crystallization under reducing conditions, perhaps related to the sulfate reduction zone, the presence of hydrocarbons, or clay dehydration. Although deformational features may be associated with the earliest phase of veining, most of the localized grain breakage and matrix shear zones formed after the early micritic veins and before the last phase of sparitic carbonate (+laumontite) veins. Laumontite occurred syn-deformationally and in equilibrium with carbonate, and also post-deformationally. The paragenetic sequences observed in all samples from the Hoh rock assemblage can be correlated, suggesting that the sources and processes controlling the fluid emplacement were similar across a wide region. In addition, the paragenetic sequence in the Hoh rocks is similar to that documented in autochthonous coeval basins of southwest Washington. This similarity suggests that the precipitates, formed during the evolution of the Hoh rocks, involved fluids that originated within the matrix and did not involve exotic or far-traveled fluids.
An asymmetric superlinear elliptic problem at resonance

Abstract In this article, we study the existence and multiplicity of solutions to the problem { − Δ u = g ( x , u ) , in Ω ; u = 0 , on ∂ Ω , where Ω is a bounded domain in R N ( N ⩾ 2 ) with smooth boundary, and g : Ω ¯ × R → R is a differentiable function. We will assume that g ( x , s ) has a resonant behavior for large negative values of s and that a Landesman–Lazer type condition is satisfied. We also assume that g ( x , s ) is superlinear, but subcritical, for large positive values of s . We prove the existence and multiplicity of solutions for problem (1.1) by using minimax methods and infinite-dimensional Morse theory.
A comparison of temperament and maternal bother in infants with and without colic

This descriptive, retrospective study compared the temperament styles of 25 4-to 8-month-old infants who had colic with the temperament styles of 30 infants of similar age without colic. Infant temperament style was characterized by the mother's ratings of her infant's behavioral style. The degree of bother that the mother experienced in relationship to her infant's temperament also was examined. Results indicated that mothers of infants with colic rated their infants' temperaments differently than mothers of infants without colic in the temperament dimensions of activity and mood. Mothers of infants with colic were more bothered by the infants' temperament dimension of mood than were mothers of infants without colic. More infants in the colic group were characterized as difficult than were infants in the noncolic group. Individual temperament characteristics should be considered in the differential diagnosis of primary excessive crying (colic) during the newborn and infant periods.
Improving extraction efficiency of light-emitting devices through use of bottom distributed Bragg reflectors

The extraction efficiency of a laser with a photonic crystal at the top and a distributed Bragg reflector below can be as high as 90% if the reflector is a distance of one period away.
Can We Have Supersymmetry with Undetected Superpartners? Lessons from 2+1 Dimensions

We show that the exact solution of the two-superbody problem in N = 2 Chern Simons supergravity in 2+1 dimensions leads to a supermultiplet of space-time. This space-time supermultiplet can be described in terms of an "operator line element" which acts on the Hilbert space of Poincare states which make up the equivalent one-superbody source. For large distance physics, the corresponding geometry may be viewed as that of a spinning cone with an additional finite discrete dimension. One of the interesting features of this universe is that superpartners of a given particle lie in different components of this supersymmetric space-time. Therefore, to have any hope of detecting the superpartners of known particles, supersymmetry must remain exact.
Degradation of the Neurospora circadian clock protein FREQUENCY through the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway.

Phosphorylation of the Neurospora circadian clock protein FREQUENCY (FRQ) promotes its degradation through the ubiquitin–proteasome pathway. Ubiquitination of FRQ requires FWD-1 (F-box/WD-40 repeat-containing protein-1), which is the substrate-recruiting subunit of an SCF (SKP/Cullin/F-box)-type ubiquitin ligase. In the fwd-1 mutant strains, FRQ degradation is defective, resulting in the accumulation of hyperphosphorylated FRQ and the loss of the circadian rhythmicities. The CSN (COP9 signalosome) promotes the function of SCF complexes in vivo . But in vitro , deneddylation of cullins by CSN inhibits SCF activity. In Neurospora , the disruption of the csn-2 subunit impairs FRQ degradation and compromises the normal circadian functions. These defects are due to the dramatically reduced levels of FWD-1 in the csn-2 mutant, a result of its rapid degradation. Other components of the SCF FWD−1 complex, SKP-1 and CUL-1 are also unstable in the mutant. These results establish important roles for SCF FWD−1 and CSN in the circadian clock of Neurospora and suggest that they are conserved components of the eukaryotic circadian clocks. In addition, these findings resolve the CSN paradox and suggest that the major function of CSN is to maintain the stability of SCF ubiquitin ligases in vivo .
Oriented fibrin crystallization: A phenomenon of hypersensitivity to bacteria in psoriasis, vasculitis and other dermatoses.

SUMMARY Heparinized blood from patients with a variety of dermatological problems was incubated with killed bacteria, bacterial extracts or Gram-negative bacterial endotoxin. Within 18–24 h asteroid bodies consisting of an amorphous centre with fine radiating needle crystals were seen. These bodies, not found in the blood of healthy volunteers, were most consistently observed in blood from patients with psoriasis, vasculitis and bacterial infections. Immunofluorescent studies disclosed the asteroid formations to be crystals of fibrin radiating presumably from a central platelet aggregate. The failure to demonstrate IgG, A, M or D suggests that the phenomenon results from the bacterial activation of complement by a non-immune yet specific pathway which in turn involves white cells, platelet aggregation and release of procoagulants.
A multichannel media access control protocol for multihop wireless networks with guaranteed functions

In this paper, we propose a multichannel Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol based on the Point Coordination Function (PCF) stipulated in the IEEE 802.11 standard in order to guarantee the end-to-end bandwidth in a multihop wireless network. In the proposed protocol, each wireless terminal is equipped with multiple wireless interfaces and assigns a wireless channel to each wireless interface. Each wireless interface autonomously determines whether to operate in the master mode as the parent terminal, in the slave mode as a child terminal, or in the silent mode as a transmission disabled terminal, and builds a parent-child relationship with each wireless link. Since this enables the use of the PCF at each wireless link and guarantees the bandwidth, the end-to-end bandwidth can be guaranteed in a multihop wireless network. We evaluate the performance of the proposed protocol in computer simulations and demonstrate improved throughput, delay, and packet loss rate compared to the conventional Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol. We also demonstrate that the bandwidths for bandwidth-guaranteed packets are guaranteed even when traffic mixing conventional bandwidth-guaranteed packets and best-effort packets are present on the network. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Electron Comm Jpn Pt 1, 87(4): 16–25, 2004; Published online in Wiley InterScience (www.interscience.wiley.com). DOI 10.1002/ecja.10139
Regulation of podosomes by integrin αvβ3 and Rho GTPase-facilitated phosphoinositide signaling

In osteoclasts, polyphosphoinositides such as phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PI(4,5)P2) and phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5 trisphosphate (PI(3,4,5)P3) are produced in response to integrin αvβ3 signaling and they have a critical role in actin cytoskeleton remodeling. The levels of PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are regulated by Rho GTPase through the activation of phosphatidylinositol 4-phosphate 5-kinase (PI4P-5 kinase) and phospatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3 kinase), respectively. Interaction of PI(4,5)P2 with gelsolin and Wiscott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASP) is critical for podosome assembly/disassembly and actin ring formation in osteoclasts. Interaction of PI(3,4,5)P3 with gelsolin functions in orchestrating the podosome signaling complex consisting of several key signaling molecules. Gelsolin deficiency has been shown to block podosome assembly and motility in mouse osteoclasts. However, these osteoclasts are able to form a WASP-containing actin ring and retain their resorptive function. The TAT-mediated delivery of gelsolin phosphoinositide-binding domains into osteoclasts resulted in production of podosome clusters and disruption of actin ring formation. Hence, these osteoclasts were hypomotile and less resorptive. Our observations suggest that both PI(4,5)P2 and PI(3,4,5)P3 are involved in regulating osteoclast functions through modulation of severing, capping, and nucleating functions of actin-binding proteins.
PROFS to hone local storm forecasts

Short-range forecasting of local tornadoes, flash floods, blizzards, and other severe storms is at best a tangle of myriad pieces of weather data, intricate processing of the data, careful interpretation of the results, and effective and rapid dissemination of the appropriate information; and because accuracy matters, the job becomes Herculean. A prototype program within the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) has shouldered the task of developing a systematic way to look at weather information and of translating it into operational forecasts for local, severe storms occurring within the proceeding 24 hours. The Prototype Regional Observing and Forecasting Service (PROFS), underway at NOAA's Environmental Research Laboratories in Boulder, Colo., mixes and matches an assortment of techniques used to gather and analyze weather data to see which combination yields the most accurate forecast. PROFS is a cooperative program between the National Weather Service, the National Environmental Satellite Service, and the Environmental Research Laboratories.
Quantitative analysis of contralateral hemisphere hypertrophy and sensorimotor performance in adult rats following unilateral neonatal ischemic-hypoxic brain injury

The immature nervous system is capable of considerable compensatory reorganization following injury. This has been studied extensively following many different types of injury in humans and laboratory animals. One common risk factor associated with perinatal brain injury that has been associated with such reorganization is an ischemic-hypoxic event. Using the established Levine model of neonatal ischemic-hypoxia (IH) to create unilateral striatal, cortical and hippocampal damage, we investigated anatomical changes in the undamaged hemisphere contralateral to the injury. Specifically, we measured cross-sectional area (mm2) of brain sections at the level of + 1.20 and - 2.12 mm from bregma. In addition, we examined sensorimotor deficits in these animals during development and as adults by measuring the amount of time that the animals were able to remain on a rotating treadmill. Our results show that some animals exhibited hypertrophy in the hemisphere contralateral to the lesion as compared to measurements taken from normal control animals. Additionally, we have demonstrated that, following IH, animals that showed significant contralateral whole-hemisphere hypertrophy were able to remain on the Rota-Rod treadmill significantly longer than the animals that did not exhibit this hypertrophy. We conclude that there are compensatory reorganizational changes that occur in the undamaged hemisphere contralateral to injury in some animals following neonatal ischemic-hypoxic brain injury. Furthermore, our data suggest that this plasticity in the contralateral hemisphere may be functionally advantageous.
Bootstrap advice for mature industries

An overview despite more than thirty years of intermittent fanfares proclaiming the onset of the postindustrial society, our manufacturing industries are still the basic driving force of our economy. Their growth has been one of the dominant sources of our rising standards of living as well as of our nation's expanding influence in international affairs since the beginning of this century. Both of these achievements would be seriously undermined by a failure to maintain the competitive strength of this critical sector of our economy through continued vigorous development. Therefore, confronting the threats to these industries from abroad and establishing the means of dealing with them effectively must become a national priority.
Sequential Image Registration for Astronomical Images

Astronomical images are characterized by their smooth features, low level of Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR), and their extreme sensitivity to the motion of platform. Due to the low SNR, it is necessary to collect a large number of frames and consider the average. However, it is a common occurrence to have unregistered frames in the sequence. Frame registration using feature-based approach fails due to low contrast. Also, area-based approaches such as template matching and phase correlation methods, although accurate, suffer from computational inefficiency as a result of the large size and number of image frames in a sequence. This paper introduces a novel two-stage algorithm to accelerate the process of registration. The first stage projects the direction of movement as a cluster of parallel streaks and determines the angle of motion, using Linear Hough Transform. The next stage utilizes Normalized Cross Correlation only in the estimated direction to find the exact amount of displacement. Experimental results have been tabulated to illustrate superior computational efficiency of the proposed algorithm versus phase correlation, as well as robustness of the procedure in the presence of the noise.
EphA2 promotes infiltrative invasion of glioma stem cells in vivo through cross-talk with Akt and regulates stem cell properties

Diffuse infiltrative invasion is a major cause for the dismal prognosis of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), but the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Using human glioma stem cells (GSCs) that recapitulate the invasive propensity of primary GBM, we find that EphA2 critically regulates GBM invasion in vivo. EphA2 was expressed in all seven GSC lines examined, and overexpression of EphA2 enhanced intracranial invasion. The effects required Akt-mediated phosphorylation of EphA2 on serine 897. In vitro the Akt-EphA2 signaling axis is maintained in the absence of ephrin-A ligands and is disrupted upon ligand stimulation. To test whether ephrin-As in tumor microenvironment can regulate GSC invasion, the newly established Efna1;Efna3;Efna4 triple knockout mice (TKO) were used in an ex vivo brain slice invasion assay. We observed significantly increased GSC invasion through the brain slices of TKO mice relative to wild-type (WT) littermates. Mechanistically EphA2 knockdown suppressed stem cell properties of GSCs, causing diminished self-renewal, reduced stem marker expression and decreased tumorigenicity. In a subset of GSCs, the reduced stem cell properties were associated with lower Sox2 expression. Overexpression of EphA2 promoted stem cell properties in a kinase-independent manner and increased Sox2 expression. Disruption of Akt-EphA2 cross-talk attenuated stem cell marker expression and neurosphere formation while having minimal effects on tumorigenesis. Taken together, the results show that EphA2 endows invasiveness of GSCs in vivo in cooperation with Akt and regulates glioma stem cell properties.
Inducing photonic transitions for enabling next generation silicon photonics

We show approaches for achieving several of the main building blocks of next generation silicon photonics including: CMOS compatible on-chip isolators (critical for on-chip networks) and ultra-high speed and low power modulators (critical for high bandwidth datacom).
Transport of the dicyanogold(i) anion.

We have shown that dicyanogold(I), [Au(CN)2]- is a common metabolite found in blood and urine samples of patients treated with different gold based drugs. Some patients have high levels of gold within their red blood cells (RBCs). Size exclusion and C18 reversed phase chromatography show that the majority of the gold in RBC lysates is bound to protein, but small molecules such as dicyanogold(I) and gold-glutathione complexes are also present. Dicyanogold incubation with red blood cells in vitro leads to a rapid and complete uptake of gold. This uptake is unaffected by DIDS, an inhibitor of the anion channel, but is blocked by the addition of external cyanide. Dicyanogold is also readily taken up by H9 cells, a continuous CD4+ cell line. This uptake is significantly inhibited by N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting a requirement for sulfhydryl groups. Dicyanogold inhibits the replication of the AIDS virus, HIV, in a cell culture model.
A new automated screening assay for the diagnosis of von Willebrand disease.

A new, automated assay for von Willebrand factor (vWF) activity has recently become commercially available (HemosIL vWF activity assay, Instrumentation Laboratories, Lexington, MA). We prospectively studied 61 specimens from 58 patients undergoing laboratory testing for suspicion of von Willebrand disease with this new method, in comparison with the established ristocetin cofactor method. Assays for factor VIII and vWF antigen were also performed using an established method on an MDA-180 coagulation analyzer (bioMerieux, Durham, NC) and a new method on an ACL TOP coagulation analyzer (Instrumentation Laboratories). Blood types were determined. The results showed no significant difference between the assays for factor VIII (mean, 97% for MDA-180 and ACL TOP; P = .494) or vWF antigen (mean, MDA-180, 109%; ACL TOP, 111%; P = .766). The mean result for the ristocetin cofactor assay was 106% vs 93% with the automated vWF activity ( P = .007). The automated activity assay was 100% sensitive and 86% specific for detecting vWF abnormalities and seems to be a suitable screening test. Abnormal results should be followed up with a ristocetin cofactor activity assay for confirmation. Further study is recommended to confirm these conclusions.
The α-aminoadipate pathway for lysine biosynthesis in fungi

This review provides a description of the biochemistry and enzymology of the α-aminoadipate pathway for lysine biosynthesis in fungi. The α-aminoadipate pathway is unique to fungi and is thus a potential target for the rational design of antifungal drugs. The present state of knowledge of the mechanisms of the seven enzymes in the pathway is presented, as well as detailed information with respect to structures and mechanisms of homocitrate synthase, saccharopine reductase, and saccharopine dehydrogenase.
Nucleation & Growth of Octahedral Oxide Particles in Silicon: Oxygen Ion Implantation

Czochralski silicon was implanted with oxygen at 0.4 and 3.5MeV to obtain concentrations near 1020 oxygen/cm3 in the implanted region. Following implantation the wafers were aged at about 1000°C for 7 hours, and the resulting precipitates were examined by HREM. A high density of octahedral SiOx precipitates (∼1015/cm3) was the dominant morphology. Plate type precipitates and dislocations were also present at lower density. The data indicate octahedra grow from the plates.
Complex local equivalents to imaginary non-local potentials: Neutron scattering from 208Pb

Abstract The complex equivalent local potential to an imaginary non-local potential obtained in a weak coupling particle vibration model for low energy s-wave neutron elastic scattering from 208Pb is presented. The local potential contains a non-zero real part, is surface peaked, and exhibits resonances. The equivalent local potential and damping of the local wave function relative to the non-local wave function depend on the strength of the Woods-Saxon real central potential also present in the Schroedinger equation.
Evidence for estrogen receptor in cell nuclei and axon terminals within the lateral habenula of the rat: regulation during pregnancy.

The habenular complex is involved in several estrogen-dependent reproductive behaviors in female rats, namely, sexual behavior, maternal behavior, and postpartum sexual behavior. Although it is known that estrogen acts in other brain regions to mediate these behaviors, it is not known whether estrogen may also act directly on the habenular complex. To address this possibility, we examined this region for the presence of estrogen receptor (ER). This analysis was carried out in separate experiments by using in situ hybridization, immunocytochemistry at the light and electron microscopic levels, and steroid autoradiography. Neurons within the lateral habenula (LHb), but not the medial habenula, express ER mRNA, contain ER immunoreactivity (ER-ir) in their nuclei, and concentrate radiolabelled estradiol, providing strong evidence for the presence of functional ER in the lateral habenula. There were also ER-ir containing punctate fibers within the LHb, which, at the electron microscopic level, in part, proved to be axons and presynaptic axonal terminals. Both the level of ER-ir in cell nuclei and the density of ER-ir fibers within the LHb were regulated during the course of pregnancy and the postpartum period, suggesting that the sensitivity of the LHb to estrogen may be altered during this time. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the LHb is likely a more estrogen-sensitive region than was previously considered, and they suggest alternative mechanisms of action for ER. ER within the LHb may play a critical role in the involvement of the LHb in estrogen-dependent female reproductive behaviors. J. Comp. Neurol. 392:330–342, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Hydrolytic activation and detoxication of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid esters in mosquito fish

Abstract Insecticide-resistant mosquito fish ( Gambusia affinis ) were found to be slightly more tolerant to two thiol esters of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) than were fish of a susceptible population. DEF ( S,S,S, -tributyl phosphorotrithioate), at 0.1 ppm for 24 hr, slightly decreased the toxicity of both esters to both populations. Comparison of esterase activities in gill and liver preparations showed that the resistant fish had lower levels of liver esterases than the susceptible fish, but results with gill preparation were not consistent. With the ethyl thiol ester, susceptible fish had the higher activity, but with butyl thiol ester, resistant fish had the higher activity. DEF inhibited activities in both tissues of both populations, but inhibition was appreciably greater in the liver. Results suggest that (i) hydrolysis in the liver activaties 2,4-D esters, (ii) hydrolysis in the gill is a detoxication reaction, (iii) the slight increase in tolerance in the insecticide-resistant fish is primarily the result of decreased activation, and (iv) antagonism by DEF is the result of a greater inhibition of activation than of detoxication.
Estimation of relative hydraulic conductivity of sandy soils based on a sheet flow model

Abstract The sophistication of numerical methods that are available to solve the governing equation of unsaturated flow in soils (Richards’ equation) far exceeds the ability to accurately estimate parametric functions of the equation. One of these parametric functions that defines the relationship between the capillary pressure and saturation (retention function) is usually obtained by fitting one of a number of available models to measured laboratory or field data. A second relationship, the hydraulic conductivity–saturation function can also be obtained by fitting to measured data. More often, the measured data of hydraulic conductivity is not available and a model of hydraulic conductivity–saturation function is obtained by using measured capillary pressure–saturation data. Such a hydraulic conductivity model that is widely used in soil physics applications was developed by Mualem (Mualem, Y., 1976 Water. Resour. Res. 12 (3), 513–522) . An empirical parameter in this model was obtained by fitting to retention data from non-sandy, agricultural field soils. This model also conceptualizes unsaturated flow to occur in pipes that assume no air–water interfaces. In most aquifer contamination problems sandy soils are encountered and the unsaturated flow in these soils is dominated by air–water interfaces. In a laboratory sand column experiment we have demonstrated that the Mualem's model under-predicts the hydraulic conductivity of sandy soils. A new model of unsaturated hydraulic conductivity that is specifically applicable for sandy soils is developed. This model approximates the sand grains by uniform spheres, and uses a flow geometry that allows for the incorporation of an air–water interface at the pore-scale. The model was then applied to predict the capillary pressure head in a laboratory sand column under conditions of vertical infiltration. The proposed model matched the observations much better compared to Mualem's model.
Evaluations by experts and laymen of selected political speakers

Evaluations by experts and laymen of speeches delivered by two politicians in the 1966 congressional campaign were investigated. The results indicate that speech experts and laymen participating in this field study did not differ significantly in their judgments of the selected political speakers.
A Continuum Theory of a Lubrication Problem With Solid Particles

The governing equations for a two-dimensional lubrication problem involving the mixture of a Newtonian fluid with solid particles at an arbitrary volume fraction are developed using the theory of interacting continuua (mixture theory). The equations take the interaction between the fluid and the particles into consideration. Provision is made for the possibility of particle slippage at the boundaries. The equations are simplified assuming that the solid volume fraction varies in the sliding direction alone. Equations are solved for the velocity of the fluid phase and that of the solid phase of the mixture flow in the clearance space of an arbitrary shaped bearing. It is shown that the classical pure fluid case can be recovered as a special case of the solutions presented. Extensive numerical solutions are presented to quantify the effect of particulate solid for a number of pertinent performance parameters for both slider and journal bearings. Included in the results are discussions on the influence of particle slippage on the boundaries as well as the role of the interacting body force between the fluid and solid particles.
Theoretical photoionization parameters for the noble gases argon, krypton, and xenon

Abstract We report a complete theoretical study of photoionization for the noble gases argon, krypton, and xenon for photon energies up to 6 au (≈160 eV). The cross section σ, angular asymmetry parameter β, spin-polarization parameters ξ, η, and ζ, and total spin-polarization parameter δ are presented in graphs.
Buffeting of a slender circular beam in axial turbulent flows

This paper deals with the buffeting of a slender, circular, flexible beam-rod in an axial turbulent flow. The principal excitation mechanisms are the turbulent wall pressure fluctuations and the motion-dependent (self-excited) aerodynamic force caused by the beam motion. On the assumption that the turbulent wall pressure fluctuations are independent of the beam motion, a linear forced-vibration model is used to determine the buffeting response of the beam and to investigate the length scale effects of turbulences on the beam buffeting. Transverse buffeting of the beam in an axial turbulent flow depends largely on the ratio of the longitudinal scale of the turbulences to the bending wavelength of the beam and on the ratio of the circumferential scale of the turbulences to the radius of the beam. The spectra and the mean square values of the buffeting displacement of the beam become vanishingly small, both when either of these ratios is very small ( 10/sup 2/). When the former ratio is very large the first mode of the buffeting is dominant and other modes are less apparent, especially the high-frequency modes. 27 references, 3 figures.
Calcification in the dental pulp

Abstract A total of 591 human teeth were surveyed histologically for pulpal calcification. Both carious and noncarious teeth, taken from patients ranging in age from 8 to 63 years, were included. The incidence of pulpal calcification in carious teeth from children and young adults was nearly five times that in noncarious teeth from the same age group. A comparison was made between young and old patients with noncarious teeth and the findings revealed that the incidence of pulpal calcification in older patients was ten times that seen in young patients. The pulp calcifications were classified as diffuse or discrete, and their locations were recorded as root or crown. The discrete calcifications were further classified according to histomorphology.
Pessimism and Optimism in Judicial Reform

Book Reviewed in this article Philip L. Dubois (editor) The Analysis of Judicial Reform (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books; D.C. Heath and Company, 1982); 221 pp.; ISBN 0-669-04480-6; $23.95. Philip L. Dubois (editor) The Politics of Judicial Reform (Lexington, Mass.: Lexington Books; D.C. Heath and Company, 1982); 187 pp.; ISBN 0-669-04478-4; $24.95 cloth.
Differences of Lateral and Septal Mitral Annulus Velocity by Tissue Doppler Imaging in the Evaluation of Left Ventricular Diastolic Function

Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction (LVDD) was investigated in 276 outpatients at a university cardiology practice by tissue Doppler imaging of mitral valve annular velocity. The well-investigated parameters of mitral inflow were used as the standard. Using septal E/Ea ratios, 62 patients (22%) had no LVDD, 44 patients (16%) had mild LVDD, 126 patients (46%) had moderate LVDD, 25 patients (9%) had severe LVDD, and 19 patients (7%) had indeterminate LVDD. Using lateral E/Ea ratios, 131 patients (48%) had no LVDD, 40 patients (14%) had mild LVDD, 62 patients (22%) had moderate LVDD, 9 patients (3%) had severe LVDD, and 12 patients (13%) had indeterminate LVDD. In conclusion, the use of septal tissue Doppler imaging tends to overestimate the severity of LVDD compared with the use of lateral tissue Doppler imaging.
Chemical Quantitation of Epinephrine and Norepinephrine in Thirteen Patients with Pheochromocytoma

Fluorescent quantitation of epinephrine and norepinephrine in plasma of patients suspected of having pheochromocytomas is of considerable diagnostic value. The concentrations of these pressor amines in normal subjects, patients with various diseases with and without hypertension, and 13 patients with pheochromocytomas are reported. In all patients with pheochromocytomas and sustained hypertension the concentrations of pressor amines were significantly elevated. However, in patients with paroxysmal hypertension secondary to pheochromocytomas the pressor amine concentrations may be unelevated when the blood pressures are normal. In this latter group provocative tests with intravenous histamine are indicated to induce hypertension prior to quantitating pressor amines.
Programming manual for IDENT, a parametric and nonparametric linear systems identification package

This document is intended to provide helpful information to anyone wishing to adapt IDENT for use on a computer other than an LSI-11, or on an operating system other than RT-11 version 4, or with different data structures. An overall picture of IDENT is provided by Tables 1-7, in which the common variables and the overlay structure are outlined. The function of each subroutine is noted briefly. The main program establishes parameters for the program run. Part of it is concerned with specific data structures or with RT-11 functions and would probably require change. The subroutine, COMMAN, is called by the main program for each set of input and output data. COMMAN is the calling routine for all of the commands processed by IDENT and thus must be located in the root segment. Also provided in this manual are linking instructions, a list and description of RT-11 functions used in IDENT. A discussion of the structure of a main program is provided. Also, the means by which the parameter estimator's convergence rate could be altered by some minor program changes is outlined.
Dopamine receptor signaling.

The D1-like (D1, D5) and D2-like (D2, D3, D4) classes of dopamine receptors each has shared signaling properties that contribute to the definition of the receptor class, although some differences among subtypes within a class have been identified. D1-like receptor signaling is mediated chiefly by the heterotrimeric G proteins Gαs and Gαolf, which cause sequential activation of adenylate cyclase, cylic AMP-dependent protein kinase, and the protein phosphatase-1 inhibitor DARPP-32. The increased phosphorylation that results from the combined effects of activating cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase and inhibiting protein phosphatase 1 regulates the activity of many receptors, enzymes, ion channels, and transcription factors. D1 or a novel D1-like receptor also signals via phospholipase C-dependent and cyclic AMP-independent mobilization of intracellular calcium. D2-like receptor signaling is mediated by the heterotrimeric G proteins Gαi and Gαo. These pertussis toxin-sensitive G proteins regulate some effec...
Activation of cdc2 protein kinase during mitosis in human cells: Cell cycle-dependent phosphorylation and subunit rearrangement

HeLa cell p34, homolog of the yeast cdc2+/CDC28 protein kinase, has been investigated. p34 was phosphorylated at two or more sites and existed in a complex with p13, the previously identified homolog of the suc1+ gene product of S. pombe. A fraction of the most highly phosphorylated form of p34 was also associated with p62, a newly identified protein that became phosphorylated in vitro. The phosphorylation state of p34, its association with p62, and the protein kinase activity of the complex were each subject to cell cycle regulation. In newly born cells early in G1, p34 was unphosphorylated, not associated with p62, and inactive as a protein kinase. Each of these conditions was reversed in G2 and the p34/p62 complex was maximally active as a protein kinase, with respect to both endogenous and exogenous substrates, during mitotic metaphase. p34 may act to regulate the G2/M transition in HeLa cells.
A MODIFIED INCIDENTAL‐TEACHING PROCEDURE FOR AUTISTIC YOUTH: ACQUISITION AND GENERALIZATION OF RECEPTIVE OBJECT LABELS

A modified incidental-teaching procedure was used to increase the receptive language skills of autistic youth who had previously experienced lengthy institutionalization. At the time of the study, the two severely language-delayed children had recently been transitioned to a community-based group home. Receptive-labeling skills were taught for four sets of objects typically used in school lunch preparation. The percentage of correct, unprompted object identifications displayed by Youth 1 increased when the incidental-teaching package (gestural prompts, behavior-specific praise, and contingent access to lunch-making supplies) was sequentially introduced in a multiple-baseline design across sets of objects. These results were replicated with Youth 2. The youths' newly acquired language skills also generalized to a different setting (the dining room of the group home) and to a different activity occurring later in the day (a traditional sit-down, discrete-trial session). This research indicates that the linguistic skills of severely developmentally delayed autistic children can be accelerated by incidental instruction that is provided in the course of shaping other home-living skills.
Loss of SDHB and NF1 genes in a malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast as detected by oligo-array comparative genomic hybridization

Abstract We report oligo-array comparative genomic hybridization findings in a case of malignant phyllodes tumor of the breast. In addition to gains of 1q and 5p, and losses of 10p and 13q14∼q22, this tumor had also losses of two regions to which tumor suppressor genes are mapped: 1p36 ( SDHB ) and 17q11.2 ( NF1 ). Both genes are associated with hereditary cancer syndromes, including gastrointestinal stromal tumors. Whether these two genes played a role in the development or progression of this phyllodes tumor of the breast with a sarcomatous stromal component warrants further investigation of similar cases.
Action of diphenylamine carboxylate derivatives, a family of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, on [Ca2+]i and Ca2+-activated channels in neurons

Abstract Ca 2+ -activated channels, including Ca 2+ -activated non-selective (CAN) channels and Ca 2+ -activated Cl − channels play important roles in regulating the electrical activity of neurons. No blockers of neuronal CAN channels have been previously reported. We used 2-electrode voltage clamping to measure membrane currents and fura-2 fluorescence imaging to measure [Ca 2+ ] i in molluscan neurons. We show that the diphenylamine carboxylate derivative flufenamate (FFA), but not mefenamate or the parent compound, cause a transient increase in I CAN and a slow outward current, and a maintained increase in [Ca 2+ ] i We interpret this as a FFA-dependent release of Ca 2+ from intracellular stores and Ca 2+ influx, [Ca 2+ ] i -dependent activation of the CAN and slow outward currents, and slow FFA-dependent channel block.
Use of the reference noise method bounds the performance loss due to upstream power backoff

This paper presents mathematical proofs that the performance loss due to using the reference noise method of upstream power backoff is bounded. First, it is shown that when two lines of arbitrary lengths are considered, application of the reference noise method results in an upstream signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) degradation of less than 3 dB relative to when the two loops are the same length and the remote transceivers transmit at the maximum allowed power spectral density. Next, an extension to the reference noise method is introduced, and it is shown that the 3-dB bound holds for an arbitrary number of lines. Finally, the reference noise method is shown to minimize the maximum SNR loss relative to when all lines are the same length and all remote transceivers transmit at the maximum allowed power spectral density. The result is significant for very high-speed digital subscriber line applications because it allows service providers to determine a priori the worst case impact of upstream power backoff on upstream bit rates without consideration of the loop plant topology.
Optimizing Expected Time Utility in Cyber-Physical Systems Schedulers

Classical scheduling abstractions such as deadlines and priorities do not readily capture the complex timing semantics found in many real-time cyber-physical systems. Time utility functions provide a necessarily richer description of timing semantics, but designing utility-aware scheduling policies using them is an open research problem. In particular, scheduling design that optimizes expected utility accrual is needed for real-time cyber-physical domains. In this paper we design scheduling policies that optimize expected utility accrual for cyber-physical systems with periodic, non-preemptable tasks that run with stochastic duration. These policies are derived by solving a Markov Decision Process formulation of the scheduling problem. We use this formulation to demonstrate that our technique improves on existing heuristic utility accrual scheduling policies.
Implementing a relational database for an accelerated-life-test facility

This paper describes the design of a relational database and associated command structure for an accelerated-life-test facility. The primary goals of the design were to: (1) improve data integrity, and (2) provide a complete and consistent historical record of reliability test results. The intended reader is the engineer who wants to understand the issues involved in automating the reliability-data collection and reporting process. The paper: (1) shows (via the story of a particular reliability database design) in a tutorial fashion how to use system requirements and the formalisms of the relational model to create a database system for engineering tests; and (2) serves as a guide for developing relational database applications for other engineering and production activities. The paper makes three primary contributions by showing: (a) a practical method for constructing a relational database. The method is based on an IDEFO representation of the testing process, which is easier for the database novice to understand and implement than the usual approaches of data flow or entity-relationship diagrams. (b) The value of a particular database structure for maintaining engineering test database integrity: a table for test measurements, a table for kinds of test measurements, and a table for test measurement procedures. (c) How to write data entry/reporting application programs that maintain data integrity and ease the user's input burden. While specific issues in reliability testing are discussed, the methodology to construct the database and user interface applies broadly. >
Cytomegalovirus infection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy in children.

The relationship between viral infections, host immune responses, and long-term cardiac allograft outcomes is complex and not fully elucidated at this time.1 Children are exposed to many viruses, and young transplant recipients will often experience their primary infection for a given viral pathogen while under iatrogenic immunosuppression. Despite this, most viruses cause only mild clinical illness, and transplant recipients often clear infection in a fashion similar to that of their healthy (nonimmunocompromised) peers. Death or serious morbidity from acute viral infection, especially those caused by common respiratory and intestinal viruses, is very rare in children who have received heart transplants. Serious morbidity and mortality may, however, follow infection with human herpes viruses. Article p 1798 Human herpes virus infections occur in most children during the course of childhood, and the viruses persist in the body indefinitely. Many primary infections carry no symptoms, and the presence of prior infection is identified through evidence of seroconversion at the time of evaluation for transplantation. Symptomatic disease is more common when primary viral infection occurs in the immunocompromised host. Primary Epstein–Barr virus infection posttransplantation poses significant risk for the development of posttransplantation lymphoproliferative disorders.2 Cytomegalovirus (CMV) may also cause severe infection, especially if primary infection occurs in the early weeks or months after transplantation. This risk appears low, however, in the modern era.3 Prevention commonly involves early postoperative use of intravenous ganciclovir and/or oral administration of valganciclovir, with or without immunoglobulin preparations. The length of therapy varies widely between centers. Pretransplantation seropositive status for …
Liquid polymer nano-PEBBLEs for Cl− analysis and biological applications

The first nanometer scale anion sensing fluorescent spherical nanosensors, or PEBBLEs (probes encapsulated by biologically localized embedding) have been developed for the intracellular monitoring of chloride. The general scheme for the polymerization and introduction of sensing components creates a matrix that allows for the utilization of the highly selective ionophores used in poly(vinyl chloride) and poly(decyl methacrylate) ion-selective electrodes. We have demonstrated that our previously developed scheme for cation sensors can be utilized to tailoring selective submicron sensors for use in intracellular measurements of biologically relevant anions for which selective enough fluorescent probes do not exist. Three schemes were attempted for the development of chloride sensitive PEBBLEs. The first two used the Chloride ionophore indium(III) octaethylporphyrin chloride (In(OEP)Cl) (1) as an ionophore working in tandem with a chromoionophore and (2) as a chromoionophore with a peak shift generated by chloride mediated breaking of hydroxide ion-bridged porphyrin dimer. The third method used the optically silent Chloride ionophore III (ETH 9033) working in tandem with chromoionophore III (ETH 5350) to indirectly monitor Cl− activity by reporting the H+ coextracted into the matrix. Method 3 gave the most promising results, at a pH of 7.2 these PEBBLEs have a limit of detection of 0.2 mM Cl− with a linear dynamic range of 0.4 mM–190 mM Cl−. These PEBBLEs were delivered into C6 glioma cells, utilizing a gene gun, and intracellular chloride levels were monitored during ion-channel stimulation by kainic acid.
"Wage Bargaining, Hard Money and Economic Performance: Theory and Evidence for Organized Market Economies"

The political and economic couplings between wage bargaining institutions and macro-economic policy regimes are explored in this article. It is argued that in advanced industrialized democracies with well-organized unions and employers' associations, macro-economic performance (especially unemployment) is the outcome of an interaction between the centralization of the wage bargaining system and the monetary policy regime. Thus, a decentralized bargaining system in which the government in credibly committed to a non-accommodating monetary policy rule poses an institutional alternative to a centralized mode of wage regulation where the government enjoys macro-economic policy flexibility. Based on time-series data from ten highly organized market economies, I show that both of these institutional ‘equilibria’ produce superior employment performance, but also that the two systems are associated with very different distributional outcomes, and that they are supported by different coalitions of organized interests. In addition to predicting economic outcomes, the proposed model provides a theoretical framework for analysing institutional change in wage bargaining systems and in macro-economic policy regimes.