cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Genome-Wide Expression Analyses of Gene Regulation during Early Development of Dictyostelium discoideum

Using genome-wide microarrays, we recognized 172 genes that are highly expressed at one stage or another during multicellular development of Dictyostelium discoideum. When developed in shaken suspension, 125 of these genes were expressed if the cells were treated with cyclic AMP (cAMP) pulses at 6-min intervals between 2 and 6 h of development followed by high levels of exogenous cAMP. In the absence of cAMP treatment, only three genes, carA, gbaB, and pdsA, were consistently expressed. Surprisingly, 14 other genes were induced by cAMP treatment of mutant cells lacking the activatable adenylyl cyclase, ACA. However, these genes were not cAMP induced if both of the developmental adenylyl cyclases, ACA and ACR, were disrupted, showing that they depend on an internal source of cAMP. Constitutive activity of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase PKA was found to bypass the requirement of these genes for adenylyl cyclase and cAMP pulses, demonstrating the critical role of PKA in transducing the cAMP signal to early gene expression. In the absence of constitutive PKA activity, expression of later genes was strictly dependent on ACA in pulsed cells.
Dimensionality Estimation of Disordered Protein Dynamics

Recent studies have clearly demonstrated that proteins are best described in terms of structural ensembles, expanding our perception of the structure-function paradigm, one of the central tenets of molecular biology, beyond the traditional description of the lone native structure. Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) push this emerging view to the extreme, begging the question of how the free-energy landscape of these proteins differs from proteins that fold to a native structure. In particular, the dimensionality of the motion exhibited by folding proteins should slowly decrease as the protein folds to its native structure, while dimensionality should stay relatively high for IDPs due to their persistent flexibility. We have performed molecular dynamics (MD) simulations of several natively folded and intrinsically disordered proteins in implicit and explicit solvent using various forcefields favored for modeling the disordered state. We then utilize dimensionality estimation techniques to analyze the MD simulations in order to probe the differences between the conformational landscape of the IDPs and natively folded proteins.
Reciprocal acoustic transmissions: Instrumentation for Mesoscale monitoring of ocean currents

By simultaneously transmitting acoustic pulses in opposite directions between two points in midocean, one can separate the effects of ocean currents on acoustic propagation from the effects of sound-speed structure. Reciprocal acoustic transmissions can therefore be used to measure ocean currents. Acoustic transceivers have been designed and built to measure the mean currents between two points separated by 300 km. The equipment functioned satisfactorily during a sbort test conducted during 1983. Preliminary analysis of that experiment has yielded differential travel times that appear reasonable, but more work is required to relate the differential travel times to meaningful ocean-current estimates.
We Shall Be No More: Suicide and Self-Government in the Newly United States. By Richard Bell. (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2012. Pp. 332. $39.95.)

If suicide has long been understood as an intimate and deeply personal act, the author of this book reveals how this personal act came to be a quite public index of national health between the 1780...
Attacking the kad network-real world evaluation and high fidelity simulation using DVN

Summary The Kad network, an implementation of the Kademlia DHT protocol, supports the popular eDonkey peer-to-peer file sharing network and has over 1 million concurrent nodes. We describe several attacks that exploit critical design weaknesses in Kad to allow an attacker with modest resources to cause a significant fraction of all searches to fail. We measure the cost and effectiveness of these attacks against a set of 16 000 nodes connected to the operational Kad network. Using our large-scale simulator, DVN, we successfully scaled up to a 200 000 node experiment. We also measure the cost of previously proposed, generic DHT attacks against the Kad network and find that our attacks are much more cost effective. Finally, we introduce and evaluate simple mechanisms to significantly increase the cost of these attacks. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation--state of the art.

Vascularized composite tissue allotransplantation is a viable treatment option for injuries and defects that involve multiple layers of functional tissue. In the past 15 yr, more than 150 vascularized composite allotransplantation (VCA) surgeries have been reported for various anatomic locations including – but not limited to – trachea, larynx, abdominal wall, face, and upper and lower extremities. VCA can achieve a level of esthetic and functional restoration that is currently unattainable using conventional reconstructive techniques. Although the risks of lifelong immunosuppression continue to be an important factor when evaluating the benefits of VCA, reported short- and long-term outcomes have been excellent, thus far. Acute rejections are common in the early post-operative period, and immunosuppression-related side effects have been manageable. A multidisciplinary approach to the management of VCA has proven successful. Reports of long-term graft losses have been rare, while several factors may play a role in the pathophysiology of chronic graft deterioration in VCA. Alternative approaches to immunosuppression such as cellular therapies and immunomodulation hold promise, although their role is so far not defined. Experimental protocols for VCA are currently being explored. Moving forward, it will be exciting to see whether VCA-specific aspects of allorecognition and immune responses will be able to help facilitate tolerance induction.
The Effects of Cooling Rate on Microstructure and Mechanical Behavior of Sn-3.5Ag Solder

The microstructure, tensile, and creep behavior of bulk Sn-3.5Ag solder were studied as a function of cooling rate. Controlled cooling rates were obtained by cooling specimens in different media: water, air, or furnace. The cooling rate significantly affected secondary dendrite arm size and spacing of the tin-rich phase, as well as the morphology of Ag3Sn. Ag3Sn was relatively spherical at the fastest cooling rate and had a needle-like morphology at the slowest cooling rate. Both the yield strength in tension and creep resistance of Sn-3.5Ag solder increased with increasing cooling rate while the strain-to-failure decreased. In this study, the mechanical behavior was correlated with the observed microstructure, creep-stress exponents, and fracture behavior, in order to understand the underlying damage mechanisms.
A modified generalized Fisher method for combining probabilities from dependent tests.

Rapid developments in molecular technology have yielded a large amount of high throughput genetic data to understand the mechanism for complex traits. The increase of genetic variants requires hundreds and thousands of statistical tests to be performed simultaneously in analysis, which poses a challenge to control the overall Type I error rate. Combining p-values from multiple hypothesis testing has shown promise for aggregating effects in high-dimensional genetic data analysis. Several p-value combining methods have been developed and applied to genetic data; see [Dai, et al. 2012b] for a comprehensive review. However, there is a lack of investigations conducted for dependent genetic data, especially for weighted p-value combining methods. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are often correlated due to linkage disequilibrium. Other genetic data, including variants from next generation sequencing, gene expression levels measured by microarray, protein and DNA methylation data, etc. also contain complex correlation structures. Ignoring correlation structures among genetic variants may lead to severe inflation of Type I error rates for omnibus testing of p-values. In this work, we propose modifications to the Lancaster procedure by taking the correlation structure among p-values into account. The weight function in the Lancaster procedure allows meaningful biological information to be incorporated into the statistical analysis, which can increase the power of the statistical testing and/or remove the bias in the process. Extensive empirical assessments demonstrate that the modified Lancaster procedure largely reduces the Type I error rates due to correlation among p-values, and retains considerable power to detect signals among p-values. We applied our method to reassess published renal transplant data, and identified a novel association between B cell pathways and allograft tolerance.
Generalized TRUST Algorithms for Global Optimization

The TRUST methodology addresses the unconstrained global optimization problem in terms of the evolution of a novel deterministic nonlinear dynamical system, which combines the concepts of subenergy tunneling and non-Lipschitzian “terminal” repellers. In this paper, the TRUST algorithms are generalized by extending the formalism to lower semicontinuous objective functions, and by allowing gradient-directed tunneling with componentwise flow direction reversal at the boundaries of the parameter domain. Known limitations of the methodology are summarized, and the reduction of a multi-dimensional problem to a one-dimensional case (e.g., via hyperspiral embedding) is discussed with regards to a formal convergence proof. Benchmark results are presented, which demonstrate that TRUST is substantially faster than previously published global optimization techniques.
Coherent control of atoms and molecules, for applications in nonlinear optics

The use of temporally-shaped ultrafast light pulses to control the dynamic evolution of atomic and molecular systems is a topic that has had a number of recent successes. This work applies concepts of nonlinear and ultrafast optics to possible practical use for goals such as optical "catalysis" of chemical reactions. However, coherent control concepts also have consequences for nonlinear optics itself, in making possible new nonlinear techniques. We have recently demonstrated two new techniques that make it possible to generate ultrashort-pulse light with unprecedented capabilities. In the first, we generate high-harmonic radiation using shaped light pulses. This work takes advantage of the attosecond time-scale dynamics of the high-harmonic process to enhance the temporal coherence of the light source. In the second technique, we use coherently spinning molecules to phase modulate a single ultrafast pulse in a way that makes it possible to subsequently compress the pulse using positive dispersion from material propagation. This technique promises to make possible new light sources in the deep-UV to EUV regions of the spectrum.
The Evolution of Peafowl and Other Taxa With Ocelli (Eyespots): A Phylogenomic Approach

The most striking feature of peafowl (Pavo) is the males' elaborate train, which exhibits ocelli (ornamental eyespots) that are under sexual selection. Two additional genera within the Phasianidae ...
Intragastric Duodenal Lipids in the Absence of a Pyloric Sphincter: Quantitation, Physical State, and Injurious Potential in the Fasting and Postprandial States

Bile acid, lysolecithin, fatty acid, and lecithin are four duodenal lipids which may cause or modify gastric mucosal injury. We determined total and soluble concentrations of these lipids in gastric aspirates from 9 subjects with Billroth II (B-II) anastomosis and 5 normal controls. To assess injurious potential, each lipid was tested for capacity to disrupt the gastric mucosal barrier in canine Heidenhain pouches. Minimal injurious levels were ~2.5 mM for bile acid and 0.2-0.4 mM for lysolecithin. Neither fatty acid nor lecithin disrupted the barrier or modified injury by bile acid or lysolecithin. No normal subject had intragastric concentrations of bile acid or lysolecithin in the injurious range. During fasting, B-II subjects had a median concentration (millimolar) for total bile acid of 4.24 and for lysolecithin of 0.33. Corresponding median concentration of soluble bile acid was 2.49 and that of lysolecithin was 0.26, both significantly below total levels (P
A Gα12-specific Binding Domain in AKAP-Lbc and p114RhoGEF.

AKAP-Lbc is a Rho-activating guanine nucleotide exchange factor (RhoGEF) important in heart development and pro-fibrotic signaling in cardiomyocytes. Heterotrimeric G proteins of the G12/13 subfamily, comprising Gα12 and Gα13, are well characterized as stimulating a specialized group of RhoGEFs through interaction with their RGS-homology (RH) domain. Despite lacking an RH domain, AKAP-Lbc is bound by Gα12 through an unknown mechanism to activate Rho signaling. We identified a Gα12-binding region near the C-terminus of AKAP-Lbc, closely homologous to a region of p114RhoGEF that we also discovered to interact with Gα12. This binding mechanism is distinct from the well-studied interface between RH-RhoGEFs and G12/13 α subunits, as demonstrated by Gα12 mutants selectively impaired in binding either this AKAP-Lbc/p114RhoGEF region or RH-RhoGEFs. AKAP-Lbc and p114RhoGEF showed high specificity for binding Gα12 in comparison to Gα13, and experiments using chimeric G12/13 a subunits mapped determinants of this selectivity to the N-terminal region of Gα12. In cultured cells expressing constitutively GDP-bound Gα12 or Gα13, the Gα12 construct was more potent in exerting a dominant-negative effect on serum-mediated signaling to p114RhoGEF, demonstrating coupling of these signaling proteins in a cellular pathway. In addition, charge-reversal of conserved residues in AKAP-Lbc and p114RhoGEF disrupted Gα12 binding for both proteins, suggesting they harbor a common structural mechanism for interaction with this a subunit. Our results provide the first evidence of p114RhoGEF as a Gα12 signaling effector, and define a novel region conserved between AKAP-Lbc and p114RhoGEF that allows Gα12 signaling input to these non-RH RhoGEFs.
MIPSUnit: A Unit Testing Framework for MIPS Assembly

We present MIPSUnit, a unit test framework for MIPS assembly. MIPSUnit's primary benefit is that it reduces the time needed to grade assembly language assignments. It also provides a time-efficient means for giving students additional testing experience; therefore, it can serve as one component of a curriculum-wide emphasis on testing. MIPSUnit is a suite of two tools: MUnit, which allows users to test their assembly code with JUnit tests, and MSpec, which uses RSpec-style unit tests.
The Right-Sided ECG for the Right Diagnosis.

A 64-year-old woman with a history of diabetes mellitus and hypertension presented to the emergency department with substernal chest pressure radiating to her back and left breast. Blood pressure was equal in both arms, and she was diagnosed with acute myocardial infarction. Despite adequate stent deployment resulting in excellent epicardial coronary artery flow, she developed confusion, hypotension, cool extremities, and an elevated serum lactate. The right-sided ECG in Figure 1 was obtained when she became hemodynamically unstable. Identify all the ECG abnormalities and the best management at this point. Figure 1. Right-sided ECG performed in a hemodynamically unstable patient. V3R through V6R are placed in their standard position along the right chest wall. Please turn the page to read the diagnosis. The right-sided ECG presented in Figure 1 shows atrial fibrillation with acute infero-posterior wall ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction with right ventricular (RV) infarction. This ECG shows remarkable ST-segment elevations in the inferior and right-sided leads with reciprocal …
Critical Problems in Quantum Fields

The connections between the problem of constructing non trivial quantum fields in four dimensions and the problem of critical point behaviour in four dimensions are explained.
Diffusion and policy transfer in armed UAV proliferation: the cases of Italy and Germany

In a 2015 policy change, the U.S. State Department released guidelines governing the sale of armed unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) to other countries, and several export agreements were signed shor...
Stressors, allostatic load, and health outcomes among women hotel housekeepers: A pilot study

AbstractHotel housekeepers are exposed to stressors at work and outside of work. A minimal amount is known about these workers' pathophysiological responses to those stressors. Allostatic load is a...
Stranger Under Siege: Higher Education Leadership Case Study of Kennesaw State University’s Sam Olens

This case study and analysis explores the brief, 17-month tenure of Sam Olens as President of Kennesaw State University, including his controversial appointment, leadership mis-steps, and eventual resignation. The political and social contexts of his tenure, which coincided with political turmoil in the wake of the 2016 election and a subsequent resurgence in progressive activism throughout the country, are considered as contributing factors to his downfall. Likewise, his status as an outsider to higher education at the time of his appointment, his visibility as an outspoken conservative, and his employment being the perceived benefit of political corruption are all noted as a contributing elements to his inability to earn the confidence of the faculty and student body of Kennesaw State University, along with his divisive, misguided, and ill-conceived actions while in his executive position. The role of institutional context in regards to the recent histories of Kennesaw State University, the University System of Georgia, and the state of shared governance in American higher education as a whole are respectively explored in how they set the stage for Olens’ tumultuous and temporary reign at Kennesaw State. A set of recommended courses of action are presented as counterfactual alternatives to the events as they actually occurred, based on higher education leadership literature.
Surface passivated and encapsulated ZnO atomic layers by high-κ ultrathin MgO layers.

Atomically transparent vertically aligned ZnO-based van der Waals materials have been developed by surface passivation and encapsulation with atomic layers of MgO using materials by design, and their physical properties have been investigated. The passivation and encapsulation led to a remarkable improvement in the optical and electronic properties. The valence-band offset ΔEv between MgO and ZnO, ZnO and MgO/ZnO, and ZnO and MgO/ZnO/MgO heterointerfaces is determined to be 0.37 ± 0.02, −0.05 ± 0.02, and −0.11 ± 0.02 eV, respectively, and the conduction-band offset ΔEc is deduced to be 0.97 ± 0.02, 0.46 ± 0.02, and 0.59 ± 0.02 eV, respectively, indicating straddling type-I in MgO and ZnO, and staggering type-II heterojunction band alignment in ZnO and the various heterostructures. The band-offsets and interfacial charge transfer are used to explain the origin of n-type conductivity in the superlattices. Enhanced optical absorption due to carrier confinement in the layers demonstrates that MgO is an excellent high-κ dielectric gate oxide for encapsulating ZnO-based optoelectronic devices.
Germinal Matrix Hemorrhage Neonatal Rat Model Using Bacterial Collagenase Injection

Bacterial collagenase has been used to model neonatal germinal matrix hemorrhage and adult cerebral hemorrhage. This chapter details the bacterial collagenase injection germinal matrix hemorrhage neonatal rat model.
Self-Assembly of Emissive Nanocellulose/Quantum Dot Nanostructures for Chiral Fluorescent Materials.

Chiral fluorescent materials with fluorescent nanoparticles assembled into a chiral structure represent a grand challenge. Here, we report self-assembled emissive needle-like nanostructures through...
Expression and growth-promoting effect of group VIA Calcium independent phospholipase A2 in ovarian cancer

950 Angiotensin-(1-7) [Ang-(1-7)], an endogenous peptide hormone of the renin-angiotensin system, is a molecular regulator of blood pressure and natriuresis. Our previous studies showed that Ang-(1-7) inhibits the growth of vascular smooth muscle cells, cardiac myocytes and fibroblasts as well as lung and breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating that the heptapeptide also regulates cell proliferation. In the present study, we examined whether one mechanism whereby Ang-(1-7) inhibits lung and breast tumor growth is by the inhibition of angiogenesis. EA.hy926 cells, a human endothelial cell line, were treated with Ang-(1-7), to determine whether the heptapeptide inhibits endothelial tube formation in vitro. EA.hy926 cells formed multiple tube-like structures after 16 h incubation on Matrigel; in contrast, Ang-(1-7) caused a marked disruption of tubule length and formation. The Ang-(1-7)-mediated reduction of tubule formation was dose-dependent with greater than 50% inhibition at 10 nM. The anti-angiogenic effect of Ang-(1-7) (54.3 ± 5.8% of control, n = 3 in triplicate) was completely blocked by the specific Ang-(1-7) receptor antagonist [D-Pro7]-Ang-(1-7) (93.0 ± 7.0% of control, n = 3 in triplicate), suggesting that these effects are mediated by a selective Ang-(1-7) receptor. [D-Pro7]-Ang-(1-7) alone did not alter tubule formation by the EA.hy926 cells. Additionally, we found that treatment of EA.hy926 with 100 nM Ang-(1-7) caused a marked reduction in 0.5% serum-stimulated cell proliferation (57.9 ± 4.2 % control, n = 4, in triplicate), as determined by 3H-thymidine incorporation. This study suggests that the anti-angiogenic properties of the heptapeptide may be due, in part, to the growth inhibition of endothelial cells. The inhibition of angiogenesis in vivo was determined using the CAM assay, to visualize vascular formation in the developing chick chorioallantoic membrane. Fertilized eggs from White Leghorn chickens were obtained from a commercial supplier and maintained in a humidified atmosphere at 37°C. On embryonic day 4, 100 nM Ang-(1-7) or cell culture media was added to the contents of the eggs and incubation was continued for 48 hours. Quantification of the branch point number showed that Ang-(1-7) administration markedly reduced neovascularization compared to the control (58.6 ± 3.6 branch points vs 29.5 ± 3.6, p
Overview and Management of Paraesophageal Hernias

At present, controversy exists regarding the management of hiatal hernia and its associated conditions such as gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and chronic anemia. The majority of the controversy stems from the variable definitions of hernia types based on anatomic changes at the hiatus, and the accuracy of diagnostic tests in differentiating these anatomic abnormalities. In general, hiatal hernia can be defined as migration of either the stomach or esophagogastric junction and occasionally other visceral organs into the mediastinum, in the setting of deterioration of the phrenoesophageal ligament and widening of the hiatus. Patients with large mixed hiatal hernias, with migration of the fundus and the cardia into the chest, usually have severe GERD. Additionally, these patients may develop short esophagus over time due to inflammation and scarring of the esophagus, which may lead to further surgical challenges. The diagnostic management of these patients entails assessment of anatomical changes, as well as an extensive functional workup via GI function studies to evaluate all possible pathophysiologic causes. Patients with massive hiatal hernias do carry the infrequent but increased risk of presenting as a surgical emergency. Additionally, these patients may suffer long term from sequelae of aspiration and other respiratory problems. Surgical management is performed today by laparoscopic resection of the hernia sac, reconstruction of the hiatal anatomy, and by adding a laparoscopic fundoplication. These can be complex procedures and should be performed by an experienced team.
Reasoning from the Body: Universal Vulnerability and Social Justice

This chapter offers a clear roadmap for the application of vulnerability theory. It engages with the ontology of the body in order to highlight the universality of vulnerability. This embodied vulnerability and the inevitable social dependency that goes alongside it provide a clear and unambiguous challenge to liberal understandings of legal subjectivity grounded in liberty, autonomy, and rationality. Placing vulnerability at the centre of governance and policy-making necessitates a responsive state that recognises law as both an inherently social endeavour and a primary instrument of accomplishing social justice. Recognising vulnerability as the human condition redirects our ideas about what it means to be human and compels the state to respond to this. This, in turn, shapes legal relationships and social institutions, as well as informs what we consider to be justice within those arrangements and institutions.
“The Person I Dislike Is Myself”: How Narratives of Individualism Shape Justice-involved Youth’s Identity Construction:

Since the vast majority of incarcerated youth will one day be released back to their home communities, juvenile corrections facilities are required to adopt programming that attempts to reduce reof...
Structural and Proteomic Studies of the Aureococcus anophagefferens Virus Demonstrate a Global Distribution of Virus-Encoded Carbohydrate Processing.

Viruses modulate the function(s) of environmentally relevant microbial populations, yet considerations of the metabolic capabilities of individual virus particles themselves are rare. We used shotgun proteomics to quantitatively identify 43 virus-encoded proteins packaged within purified Aureococcus anophagefferens Virus (AaV) particles, normalizing data to the per-virion level using a 9.5-A-resolution molecular reconstruction of the 1900-A (AaV) particle that we generated with cryogenic electron microscopy. This packaged proteome was used to determine similarities and differences between members of different giant virus families. We noted that proteins involved in sugar degradation and binding (e.g., carbohydrate lyases) were unique to AaV among characterized giant viruses. To determine the extent to which this virally encoded metabolic capability was ecologically relevant, we examined the TARA Oceans dataset and identified genes and transcripts of viral origin. Our analyses demonstrated that putative giant virus carbohydrate lyases represented up to 17% of the marine pool for this function. In total, our observations suggest that the AaV particle has potential prepackaged metabolic capabilities and that these may be found in other giant viruses that are widespread and abundant in global oceans.
Zika virus depletes neural stem cells and evades selective autophagy by suppressing the Fanconi anemia protein FANCC.

Zika virus (ZIKV) is an emerging flavivirus, which when passed through vertical transmission from mother to developing fetus can lead to developmental abnormalities, including microcephaly. While there is mounting evidence that suggests a causal relationship between ZIKV infection and microcephaly, the mechanisms by which ZIKV induces these changes remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that ZIKV infection of neural stems cells, both in vitro and in vivo, induces macroautophagy to enhance viral replication. At the same time, ZIKV downregulates a number of essential selective autophagy genes, including the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway genes. Bioinformatics analyses indicate that the transcription factor E2F4 promotes FANCC expression and is downregulated upon ZIKV infection. Gain and loss of function assays indicate that FANCC is essential for selective autophagy and acts as a negative regulator of ZIKV replication. Finally, we show that Fancc KO mice have increased ZIKV infection and autophagy protein levels in various brain regions. Taken together, ZIKV downregulates FANCC to modulate the host antiviral response and simultaneously attenuate neuronal growth.
Intra-Ethnic Diversity in Hispanic Child Mortality, 1890-1910

The recent demography of the Hispanic population of the United States has received considerable attention, but historical perspective is more elusive partly due to data limitations. A nationally representative sample of the Hispanic population of the United States, based on the manuscripts of the 1910 census, now exists that includes 71,500 Hispanic-origin persons plus another 24,000 of their non-Hispanic neighbors. We estimate childhood mortality for 1890 to 1910, using indirect demographic methods of estimation and find infant and child mortality in the Hispanic population that was higher than for the non-Hispanic whites but slightly lower than for nonwhite, non-Hispanics (mostly African Americans). Hispanic rural, farm populations in California, Texas, and Arizona did the best, though still experiencing high mortality. The usual advantage of rural residence at the turn of the century holds outside of New Mexico and Florida.
Scalable MPI Collectives using SHARP: Large Scale Performance Evaluation on the TACC Frontera System

The Message-Passing Interface (MPI) is the de-facto standard for designing and executing applications on massively parallel hardware. MPI collectives provide a convenient abstraction for multiple processes/threads to communicate with one another. Mellanox's HDR InfiniBand switches pro-vide Scalable Hierarchical Aggregation and Reduction Protocol (SHARP) capabilities to offload collective communication to the network and reduce CPU involvement in the process. In this paper, we design and implement SHARP-based solutions for MPI Reduce and MPI Barrier in MVAPICH2-X. We evaluate the impact of proposed and existing SHARP-based solutions for MPI_Allreduce, MPI_Reduce, and MPI_Barrier operations have on the performance of the collective operation on the 8th ranked TACC Frontera HPC system. Our experimental evaluation of the SHARP-based designs show up to 5.4X reduction in latency for Reduce, 5.1X for Allreduce, and 7.1X for Barrier at full system scale of 7,861 nodes over a host-based solution.
Associations of Cutaneous Immune-Related Adverse Effects of Immunotherapy With Treatment Response in Patients With Metastatic Melanoma

Background: Dermatologic toxicity is the most common immune-related adverse effect of cancer immunotherapy. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the health records of adult (≥18 years) melanoma patients who received ipilimumab, nivolumab, or pembrolizumab from January 1, 2011, through September 15, 2017, at Mayo Clinic. The χ2 test was used to assess the association between development of a cutaneous immune-related adverse effect and antitumoral response to the immune checkpoint inhibitors. Odds ratios were calculated with logistic regression models and were adjusted for sex and immunotherapeutic drugs. We described the various cutaneous immune-related adverse effects and assessed the response to immunotherapy (each patient’s objective clinical response was categorized as favorable [complete or partial response] or unfavorable). We then determined whether development of a cutaneous immune-related adverse effect was associated with the clinical response. Results: Of 690 melanoma patients, 232 (33.6%) had a cutaneous immune-related adverse effect. The most common effects were dermatitis (21.4%), pruritus (5.5%), and vitiligo (4.2%). Median (range) time to onset of dermatitis was 3 (0-7) weeks; lichenoid dermatitis, 12 (6-18) weeks; and vitiligo, 40 (12-96) weeks. Development of a cutaneous immune-related adverse effect was significantly associated with favorable clinical response. Conclusions: Development of cutaneous immune-related adverse effects is associated with favorable responses to nivolumab, ipilimumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab plus nivolumab therapy in patients with metastatic melanoma.
Highly-Scalable Container Integrity Monitoring for Large-Scale Kubernetes Cluster

Container integrity monitoring is defined as key requirements for regulatory compliance, such as PCI-DSS, in which any unexpected changes such as file updates or program runs must be logged for later audit. Syscall monitoring provides comprehensive monitoring of such change events on container, while it suffered from large amount of false alarms unless well-defined allowlist rules are coordinated before deploying container. Defining such comprehensive allowlist is not feasible especially when managing various kinds of application workloads in large-scale enterprise cluster. We propose new approach for identifying real anomaly of syscall events effectively without relying on any predefined allowlist configuration in this paper. Our novel filtering algorithm based on the knowledge acquired autonomously from Kubernetes cluster control plane reduces 99.999 % noise effectively and distilling only abnormal events in real time. Our experiment with real applications on more than 4000 containers demonstrates its effectiveness even on large-scale cluster.
Gauging Political Tolerance through a List Experiment: Findings from a Survey of American Muslims

Do the considerations motivating political tolerance vary between majority and minority populations? Does theological intolerance breed political intolerance? This study addresses both these largely neglected questions, offering empirical evidence from original survey data augmented with a list experiment. The featured sample population is a socially salient community for which comparatively little quantitative data exists: American Muslims. Three key findings emerge from the analysis: 1) American Muslims are not broadly intolerant of groups that are anti-religion, but rather focus their intolerance towards those that specifically target Muslims; 2) affect toward Islamophobic groups is buttressed, in contradistinction to previous findings on political tolerance, not simply by sociotropic threat—threats to one’s way of life—but also by egocentric threat—threats to personal safety; and 3) of the religiosity variables tested on the pooled sample, only salvific exclusivity (an operationalization of theological intolerance) exerted a discernable impact on tolerance judgments. These results, in order, partially confirm, problematize and expand upon the existing literature on political tolerance. On a more practical level, these data also serve as a counterweight to Islamophobic discourses that cite presumably prevalent and broad American Muslim intolerance as a pretext for curbing that community’s civil liberties.
Effect of hyperlipidemia in patients with a history of colon cancer.

e15603Background: The most common cancer of the digestive system is colorectal cancer. 5-year survival rate of early-stage colon cancer is > 90% whereas it is only 10% for patients with distant met...
Relationship between cell concentration and image quality of 111In-labeled leukocyte scans

2505 Objectives The composition of a standard 111In-labeled leukocyte (InWBC) preparation used for imaging inflammation and infection includes not only leukocytes, but erythrocytes (RBC) and platelets (PLT). 111In binds not only to WBCs but to RBCs and PLTs as well, which potentially could adversely affect image quality. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of RBC and PLT concentrations in 111In-WBC injectates on image quality. Methods Samples from 15 InWBC labelings performed according to standard methods were included in this prospective investigation. WBC labeling efficiency and WBC viability on completion of labeling also were determined. A commercially available automated cell analyzer was used to determine WBC, RBC & PLT concentration in whole blood and in the injectate. Two experienced Nuclear Medicine physicians read images by consensus blinded and graded image quality on a 4-point scale in relation to blood pool (BP) activity: (0: no BP, 1: BP iliac crest activity). Results WBC labeling efficiency was 92±3%; cell viability was 98.33±1.00%. Cellular concentration values in injectates for PLTs were 69-559 x 106/mL, for RBCs were 12-120 x 106/mL, and for WBCs were 16-143 x 106/mL, and were normally distributed, but with very wide variability (standard deviation:mean ratios = 62%, 34% & 66%, respectively). By logistic regression, images scored as 1 were not associated with PLT, RBC or WBC injectate concentrations (χ2 = 0.1-1.3; p = 0.25-0.75). Image quality also was unrelated to counts in any isolated structures seen on scintigrams. Conclusions Despite wide variations in values, cellular concentrations did not adversely affect image quality, indicating that standard blood preparation techniques result in robust InWBC image quality.
Anodontia: Two cases of different etiology☆

Abstract Two cases of partial anodontia involving both the deciduous and the permanent dentitions have been described. A consideration of the histories indicated that each case had a different etiology. One case appeared to have been inherited, whereas the other occurred for the first time in the family's history. On the basis of differing etiological factors, it was postulated that two types of anodontia exist, the inherited type being termed “phylogenetic” and the “de novo” type being termed “ontogenetic.”
Putting the Public into State Publications: The North Carolina Saga.

Abstract From 1983 to 1987, a small group of dedicated documents librarians waged a successful campaign to enact a new state documents depository law in North Carolina. This article documents the activities of the Depository System Committee and the State Library, and describes the process of accumulating evidence, developing system guidelines and draft legislation, building grassroots support, promoting positive media coverage, and lobbying for the legislation.
An assessment of feeding jejunostomy tube placement at the time of resection for gastric adenocarcinoma: A seven-institution analysis of 837 patients from the U.S. gastric cancer collaborative

Background Jejunostomy feeding tubes (J-tubes) are often placed during resection for gastric adenocarcinoma (GAC). Their effect on postoperative complications and receipt of adjuvant therapy is unclear. Methods Patients who underwent curative-intent resection of GAC at seven institutions of the U.S. Gastric Cancer Collaborative from 2000 to 2012 were identified. The associations of J-tubes with postoperative complications and receipt of adjuvant therapy were determined. Results Of 837 patients, 265 (32%) received a J-tube. Patients receiving J-tubes demonstrated greater incidence of preoperative weight loss, lower BMI, greater extent of resection, and more advanced TNM stage. J-tube placement was associated with increased infectious complications (36% vs. 19%; P < 0.001), including surgical-site (14% vs. 6%; P < 0.001) and deep intra-abdominal (11% vs. 4%; P < 0.001) infections. On multivariate analysis, J-tubes remained independently associated with increased risk of infectious complications (all: HR = 1.93; P = 0.001; surgical-site: HR = 2.85; P = 0.001; deep intra-abdominal: HR = 2.13; P = 0.04). J-tubes were not associated with increased receipt of adjuvant therapy (HR = 0.82; P = 0.34). Subset analyses of patients undergoing total and subtotal gastrectomy similarly demonstrated an association of J-tubes with increased risk of infectious outcomes and no association with increased receipt of adjuvant therapy. Conclusions J-tube placement after resection of gastric adenocarcinoma is associated with increased postoperative infectious outcomes and is not associated with increased receipt of adjuvant therapy. Selective use of J-tubes is recommended. J. Surg. Oncol. 2015 111:195–202. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Paragon: A Language Using Type Hierarchies for the Specification, Implementation, and Selection of Abstract Data Types

Abstract.- Goals of Paragon and their relation to previous efforts.- The basic of Paragon.- The object-manager model and its implementation.- Selection of implementations.- A complete example using Paragon.- Implementation.- Retrospective on the language design and implementation.
Predictable File Access Latency for Multimedia

Multimedia applications are sensitive to I/O latency and jitter when accessing data in secondary storage. Transparent adaptive prefetching (TAP) uses software feedback to provide multimedia applications with file system quality of service (QoS) guarantees. We are investigating how QoS requirements can be communicated and how they can be met by adaptive resource management. A preliminary test of adaptive prefetching is presented.
Is chaos indeterministic

Although classical mechanics (CM) is a successful, mature and stable theory, our understanding of CM has undergone substantial growth and refinement over the last twenty-five years. The recent explosion in the study of chaotic dynamics has uncovered a rich variety of behavior in simple macrophysical systems previously unsuspected by the vast majority of the physics community (Hilborn, 1994). One of the essential features of chaos is sensitivity to initial conditions. In CM the behavior of simple physical systems is described using models such as the harmonic oscillator which capture the main features of the systems in question (Giere, 1988). Some models of CM evolve in much the same way for all nearly identical initial states. Chaotic models, however, evolve in radically different ways in a relatively short time period and may be extremely sensitive to quantum fluctuations. Jesse Hobbs (1991) and Stephen Kellert (1993) have argued that quantum events can influence chaotic macro-physical systems through sensitivity to initial conditions. Such arguments raise questions about whether chaos is indeterministic and what types of models are appropriate for capturing the dynamics of such systems.
Screening for Breast Cancer

Screening is defined as the presumptive identification of unrecognized disease by means of tests, examinations, or other procedures that can be applied rapidly. The World Health Organization outlines a number of important prerequisites to justify implementation of an effective screening program: Target cancer should have a high prevalence and be associated with a high mortality and morbidity; the screening test has to be safe, effective, and acceptable; the compliance of the target population in attending initial screening and diagnosis and in follow-up visits has to be high; effective treatment should be available to be delivered to screen positive cases; an ideal screening test is one which detects a high percentage of cancers [sensitivity] and has low false-positive rate so that disease-free women are not subjected to unnecessary diagnostic tests. A high prevalence of cancer in the target population being screened is an important prerequisite since even the best screening test will be ineffective when deployed in a population with a low prevalence of cancer. National and/or professional or regulatory body guidelines in individual countries for cancer screening should be based on cancer incidence and prevalence statistics. These need to address at what age and how frequent screening needs to be performed; additional influencing factors to be taken into consideration will also include cost-effectiveness of screening strategy. Quality control and assurance to ensure effectiveness, accuracy, and consistency has to be applied to and monitored for health-care personnel performing and interpreting these tests as well as for the equipment used for this purpose. A tested and a robust referral system for women testing positive for cancers needs to be in place. An information system that can send out invitations for initial screening, follow-up visits, and repeat screening at predetermined intervals is a must to ensure success.
Two Approaches to Reading Instruction with Children with Disabilities: Does Program Design Make a Difference?

This study examined the effects on reading achievement of variation in program design and tested the hypothesis that Distar Reading Mastery's (Engelmann & Bruner, 1988b) demonstrated effects with disadvantaged children in Project Follow Through can be generalized to children with disabilities. We compared the effects of two synthetic phonics reading programs, Direct Instruction (DI) Reading Mastery I and II and Addison Wesley's Meet the Superkids and The Superkids' Club, (Rowland, 1982a, 1982b) for 81 children in transitional kindergarten special education classes. No significant achievement differences were evident for the instructional program either at the end of the treatment year, or on follow-up testing 1 year later. However, among children who made advanced progress, the DI group showed larger reading gains.
REM-dependent repair of competitive memory suppression

Memories are enhanced during sleep through memory consolidation processes. A recent study reported that sleep increases competitive forgetting in the absence of sleep-dependent consolidation of the target memory (Racsmany et al. in Psychol Sci 21:80-85, 2010). Here, using a modified retrieval-induced forgetting task, we examined whether sleep-dependent modulation of forgetting occurs concurrently with the consolidation of related target memories. Participants encoded a word-pair list and then practiced retrieving a portion of these pairs. Following a break with sleep or wake, recall of all pairs was tested. As expected, recall for practiced pairs was greater following sleep relative to wake. Contrary to Racsmany et al. (Psychol Sci 21:80-85, 2010), competitive forgetting decreased following sleep. Moreover, recall for practiced pairs correlated with slow wave sleep (SWS) while forgetting of competing targets correlated negatively with REM, suggesting a novel function of these sequential brain states on memory processing.
Problems in the separation of radium from uranium ore tailings

Abstract The radium content of a representative sandstone type of uranium ore was found to be distributed uniformly according to particle size before leaching, but in sulfuric acid-leached tailings was found predominantly in the −325 mesh fraction. The radium leaching characteristics from both ore and sulfate-leached tailings were investigated. Several 1 M salt solutions showed poor to moderate RaSO 4 dissolution from “slimes solids” tailings, while 3 M HNO 3 or HCl solutions dissolved approximately 95% of the radium content of either ore or tailings. Tests are reported in which −325 mesh sand particles were coated with alkaline-earth sulfates by a special technique to simulate slime solids tailings. The dissolution of RaSO 4 from these coated sands was decreased by the presence of BaSO 4 , but increased by the presence of CaSO 4 . The interrelationships in the dissolution of mixtures of CaSO 4 , SrSO 4 , BaSO 4 , and RASO 4 are shown, and a generalized equation for the estimation of the dissolution of a minor component is presented.
High Relaxivity Gadolinium Hydroxypyridonate-Viral Capsid Conjugates: Nano-sized MRI Contrast Agents

High relaxivity macromolecular contrast agents based on the conjugation of gadolinium chelates to the interior and exterior surfaces of MS2 viral capsids are assessed. The proton nuclear magnetic relaxation dispersion (NMRD) profiles of the conjugates show up to a 5-fold increase in relaxivity, leading to a peak relaxivity (per Gd3+ ion) of 41.6 mM(-1) s(-1) at 30 MHz for the internally modified capsids. Modification of the exterior was achieved through conjugation to flexible lysines, while internal modification was accomplished by conjugation to relatively rigid tyrosines. Higher relaxivities were obtained for the internally modified capsids, showing that (i) there is facile diffusion of water to the interior of capsids and (ii) the rigidity of the linker attaching the complex to the macromolecule is important for obtaining high relaxivity enhancements. The viral capsid conjugated gadolinium hydroxypyridonate complexes appear to possess two inner-sphere water molecules (q = 2), and the NMRD fittings highlight the differences in the local motion for the internal (tauRl = 440 ps) and external (tauRl = 310 ps) conjugates. These results indicate that there are significant advantages of using the internal surface of the capsids for contrast agent attachment, leaving the exterior surface available for the installation of tissue targeting groups.