cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Toward an understanding of market resilience: market liquidity and heterogeneity in the investor decision cycle

During liquidity shocks such as occur when margin calls force the liquidation of leveraged positions, there is a widening disparity between the reaction speed of the liquidity demanders and the liquidity providers. Those who are forced to sell typically must take action within the span of a day, while those who are providing liquidity do not face similar urgency. Indeed, the flurry of activity and increased volatility of prices during the liquidity shocks might actually reduce the speed with which many liquidity providers come to the market. To analyze these dynamics, we build upon previous agent-based models of financial markets, and specifically the Preis et. al (Europhys Lett 75(3):510–516, 2006) model, to develop an order-book model with heterogeneity in trader decision cycles. The model demonstrates an adherence to important stylized facts such as a leptokurtic distribution of returns, decay of autocorrelations over moderate to long time lags, and clustering volatility. Consistent with empirical analysis of recent market events, we demonstrate the impact of heterogeneous decision cycles on market resilience and the stochastic properties of market prices.
Molecular engineering of sensors for biological materials

Molecular engineering methods have been used to develop sensors for the capture of DNA, viruses, and bacterial cells, spores, and toxins. The capture technology exploits the molecular basis of pathogenesis and capture events are detected using the intrinsic fluorescence of the captured microbial components. Capabilities include statistically sampling the environment in minutes and sensitivity of /spl sim/100 cells/cm/sup 3/.
Left ventricular outflow tract tachycardias.

Left ventricular outflow tract tachycardia (LVOT-VT) is an uncommon type of idiopathic left ventricular tachycardia (ILVT) thought to be due to cyclic adenosine mono phosphate (c-AMP) mediated triggered activity. The arrhythmia can be terminated pharmacologically with calcium channel blockers or beta-blockers. LVOT-VT can arise above or below the coronary cusps and the former variety can also be called as aortic cusp VT. An S wave in lead I and a precordial R wave transition at V1 or V2 is common to both varieties of LVOT-VT. Absence of S wave in V5 or V6 may suggest supra cuspal origin while an Rs pattern in V5 or V6 may indicate an infracuspal origin.
Some Immediate Effects of Drowsiness and Sleep on Normal Human Performance1

Man spends the greater portion of his life in sub-optimum states of consciousness. The paper reviews the experimental literature describing normal human performance at different levels of drowsiness and sleep, as these states are defined by electroencephalographic patterns. Among the types of behavioral responses to stimuli discussed are reflexes, simple movements, detection (i.e. arousal to external stimuli and awareness of internal states), discrimination, learning, and recall. Non-behavioral electroencephalographic responses are also described. Suggestions are made for future research.
High-speed, graded-base transistor, digital-circuit techniques

This work suggests switching circuit configurations applicable to high-speed data processing systems and utilizing graded-base transistors. The article is oriented toward obtaining the maximum performance (speed wise) from transistors as a circuit means to a system end, a problem that arises often in large system-minded laboratories, and therefore emphasis is placed upon fundamental considerations such as total circuit performance, flexibility, availability of components; etc. and not exact circuit values and detailed circuit analysis.
NMR measurement of the exchange coupling between Cu(2) atoms in Y Ba 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ ( T c = 90 K)

The authors report the transverse NMR relaxation of chain [Cu(1)] and plane [Cu(2)] nuclei in a single crystal of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ (${T}_{c}=90$ K) in the normal state. They demonstrate the existence of a strong indirect spin-spin coupling between Cu(2) nuclei, and show that it can be explained using a model in which the Cu(2) atoms possess electronic magnetic moments which are exchange coupled to one another. In such a model, the strength of the coupling implies an effective electronic exchange coupling ${J}_{\mathrm{eff}}\ensuremath{\approx}1100$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$.
The high level programmer and user interface of the NSLS control system

This paper presents the major components of the high level software in the NSLS upgraded control system. Both programmer and user interfaces are discussed. The use of the high-speed work stations, fast network communications, UNIX system, X-window and Motif have greatly changed and improved these interfaces. >
Layout synthesis of combinational blocks from behavioral hardware descriptions

A CAD tool that generates the layout of a combinational circuit from a behavioral hardware description language (HDL) representation is presented. A minimized transistor netlist is synthesised. Simulated annealing is used to determine the optimal placement and routing of each transistor group. As input, the system accepts VHSIC hardware description language (VHDL), VERILOG, truth table, and Boolean equation descriptions. For simulation purposes SPICE models of the circuit are also generated. >
“Leave a Bowl of Fruit on the Kitchen Table” The Missing Work of Food Provisioning in Food and Nutrition Policy in the United States

Food and nutrition policy in the United States relies heavily on convincing individual household food provisioners to make healthy choices to improve their eating behavior. This policy strategy has not only been unsuccessful in encouraging healthy eating but also ignores the labor involved in this work of provisioning the household. This focus on individual behavior change meshes well with the ideology of consumer sovereignty, which is the belief in the power of the individual consumer to influence the food system by what they purchase. Using the Let’s Move! Program, initiated by Michelle Obama, as an example of mainstream nutrition policy, this article highlights the problems with our current food and nutrition policy, especially with regard to the gendered work involved in provisioning, and offers examples of more effective policies for promoting health through public provisioning policies and programs.
Holistic mental health care: Alternatives and adjuncts to psychotherapy and medication

Abstract In recent years, there has been an increasing acceptance of the notion that the mind can influence the body. This is psychosomatic medicine, and is a major step toward restoring the holistic view of health. However, there has been less recognition of the effect that physical health interventions can have on the functioning of the mind; somatopsychic medicine. This paper surveys two of the many available holistic healing modalities that treat the mind through interventions other than psychotherapy and psychopharmacology. Homeopathy and Traditional Chinese Medicine are described, and case material and research are reviewed. Potential advantages of holistic healing approaches are listed as are possible topics for future research.
Regulation of Ubiquitin-conjugating Enzymes by Glutathione Following Oxidative Stress

Upon oxidative stress cells show an increase in the oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to reduced glutathione (GSH) ratio with a concomitant decrease in activity of the ubiquitinylation pathway. Because most of the enzymes involved in the attachment of ubiquitin to substrate proteins contain active site sulfhydryls that might be covalently modified (thiolated) upon enhancement of GSSG levels (glutathiolation), it appeared plausible that glutathiolation might alter ubiquitinylation rates upon cellular oxidative stress. This hypothesis was explored using intact retina and retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cell models. Exposure of intact bovine retina and RPE cells to H2O2 (0.1-1.7 micromol/mg) resulted in a dose-dependent increase in the GSSG:GSH ratio and coincident dose-dependent reductions in the levels of endogenous ubiquitin-activating enzyme (E1)-ubiquitin thiol esters and endogenous protein-ubiquitin conjugates and in the ability to form de novo retinal protein-125I-labeled ubiquitin conjugates. Oxidant-induced decrements in ubiquitin conjugates were associated with 60-80% reductions in E1 and ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme (E2) activities as measured by formation of ubiquitin thiol esters. When GSH levels in RPE cells recovered to preoxidation levels following H2O2 removal, endogenous E1 activity and protein-ubiquitin conjugates were restored. Evidence that S thiolation of E1 and E2 enzymes is the biochemical link between cellular redox state and E1/E2 activities includes: (i) 5-fold increases in levels of immunoprecipitable, dithiothreitol-labile 35S-E1 adducts in metabolically labeled, H2O2-treated, RPE cells; (ii) diminished formation of E1- and E2-125I-labeled ubiquitin thiol esters, oligomerization of E225K, and coincident reductions in protein-125I-labeled ubiquitin conjugates in supernatants from nonstressed retinas upon addition of levels of GSSG equivalent to levels measured in oxidatively stressed retinas; and (iii) partial restoration of E1 and E2 activities and levels of protein-125I-labeled ubiquitin conjugates in supernatants from H2O2-treated retinas when GSSG:GSH ratios were restored to preoxidation levels by the addition of physiological levels of GSH. These data suggest that the cellular redox status modulates protein ubiquitinylation via reversible S thiolation of E1 and E2 enzymes, presumably by glutathione.
Particle Size Influences the Immune Response Produced by Hepatitis B Vaccine Formulated in Inhalable Particles

Purpose To test the hypothesis that particle size influences the magnitude of immune response produced by hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) encapsulated in poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres.
An analysis of the articular surface distribution of the femoral head and acetabulum in anthropoids, with implications for hip function in Miocene hominoids

Abstract Use of linear techniques to represent complex shapes has constrained morphological studies of the hip joint, with the result that functionally significant features have remained unquantified. This study uses a linear least squares sphere fit to the femoral head and acetabular subchondral bone as a framework for mapping the distribution of articular surface on the joint components of several extant anthropoids. The distribution of acetabular articular surface is believed to be related to mobility and the loading environment of the joint. Low dorsal and caudal lunate surfaces inPongopermit a wide range of abduction, while an extensive cranial lunate surface implies substantial cranial loading. The acetabula of pronograde monkeys has a uniform distribution of articular surface, presumably because the hip socket is loaded from cranial, dorsal and caudal directions.Panhas neither as much cranial lunate surface asPongo, nor as much dorsal lunate surface as the monkeys, suggesting a heterogeneous loading environment that may be a consequence of frequently using both orthograde and pronograde postures. The monkeys have a preponderance of articular surface on the anterior aspect of the femoral head, reflecting a greater emphasis on adducted, medially oriented postures and excursions than inPan.Evidence from the femur, and in the case ofProconsul, the acetabulum, was integrated with other data to reconstruct hip mobility and relate it to suspensory behavior in Miocene hominoids. Femoral articular configurations suggest that most Miocene hominoids had mobile hip joints, which would have facilitated climbing and hindlimb suspension, however, available humeral material does not support a similar mobility in the shoulder. The exception to this pattern are the fossil remains from Moroto, which combine a monkey-like hip, compatible with quadrupedal hip use, with a back that suggests orthograde adaptations.
Effect of 6F urethral catheterization on urinary flow rates during repeated pressure-flow studies in healthy female volunteers

Abstract Objectives. To prospectively examine the effect of a 6F urethral catheter on the urinary flow rate in healthy women without lower urinary tract symptoms undergoing pressure-flow studies. Methods. Women between the ages of 30 and 70 years, without lower urinary tract complaints and without a history of surgery for incontinence, were recruited. All women completed the Urogenital Distress Inventory-6 questionnaire, and only women with mild or no symptoms were enrolled. After a free flow rate was determined, cystometry and pressure-flow studies were performed once and then repeated using a 6F urethral catheter. The peak flow rates during the first and second studies were compared with one another and with the nonintubated values. Results. Of the 59 women that applied, 20 volunteers (mean age 41.7 years) met the entry criteria and were evaluated. The mean nonintubated flow rate was 22.65 mL/s. With a 6F urethral catheter in place, our cohort had a mean peak flow rate of 16.25 mL/s on the first study and 15.25 mL/s on the second. A significant difference was demonstrated between the free and intubated peak flow rates for both the first ( P = 0.0006) and the second ( P = 0.0001) study. No significant difference was detected between the two intubated peak flow rates ( P = 0.262). Conclusions. Our data suggest that the presence of a 6F urethral catheter significantly reduces the maximal flow rate compared with free flow studies. Whether these findings represent a truly obstructive effect of the catheter, detrusor fatigue, or other possible effect of the catheter remains to be elucidated.
The effect of water loss on the haemolymph of Arenivaga sp. and Periplaneta americana

Abstract 1. 1. The desert cockroach Arenivaga sp. was compared with Periplaneta americana as regards certain physiological responses to light dehydration, but no significant differences were found. 2. 2. In both species dehydration caused a reduction in haemolymph water as well as in general tissue water, but no conclusive evidence was found to indicate significant movement of water from haemolymph to tissues. 3. 3. The haemolymph osmotic pressure increased during dehydration, but was subject to strong osmoregulation. 4. 4. Removal of chloride ions from the haemolymph appears to contribute to such regulation.
Non-enzymatic isolation and culture of channel catfish hepatocytes.

An alternative method has been developed for isolating and culturing hepatocytes from livers of channel catfish. Hepatocytes are prepared using a collagenase-free perfusion system that relies on the chelating properties of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). Hepatocyte yields of up to 3.6 x 10(8) cells per 100 g body weight have been achieved with initial viabilities routinely exceeding 95%. Cells isolated by this method and incubated in osmotically corrected culture medium at physiological pH have been maintained for several weeks in culture with minimal cell loss. During the first 24-48 h of culture, hepatocytes begin to link together and show structures that closely resemble those seen in intact liver (e.g. bile canaliculi, sinusoids). Cells cultured at 15 degrees C for 7 days maintain levels of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH), 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6PGDH), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), activity similar to those measured in vivo.
Cytoskeleton: Missing links found?

The quest for the function of BPAG1, a major hemidesmosomal protein of skin keratinocytes, has led to the discovery of a group of protein isoforms derived from the same genomic locus that are involved in organizing and integrating cytoskeletal networks in sensory neurons.
The functional neuroanatomy of infantile autism.

Infantile autism is a behavioral syndrome consisting of specific disturbances of social relating and communication, language, response to objects, sensory sensitivity and- motility. The uniqueness of this syndrome suggests one underlying pathophysiologic mechanism, although multiple etiologies, which could activate or replicate such a mechanism, have been demonstrated. Review of considerable experimental evidence and clinical observation suggests that the symptomatology of autism, including the disturbances of social relating and communication, can best be explained as a disorder of sensory modulation. This in turn suggests a neurophysiologic mechanism consisting of dysfunction of a cascading series of neurophysiologic levels or interacting neuronal loops in the brainstem and diencephalon which subserve modulation of sensory input. Some of those same systems modulate motor output in response to sensory input, and their dysfunction may release the abnormal per-serverative motility of infantile autism. Othe...
Polymer Electrolyte-Gated Carbon Nanotube Field-Effect Transistor

Single-walled carbon nanotube field-effect transistors were fabricated using solid electrolyte (PEO plus LiClO4) as gating materials. The SWNT FETs demonstrated strong gate-channel coupling with im...
Drivers of brain plasticity.

Purpose of reviewNeural plasticity represents a crucial mechanism of the human brain to adapt to environmental changes in the developing and adult human central nervous system. This property of the central nervous system contributes to learning and functional recovery from neurological diseases such
Molecular similarity indices in electron propagator theory

Abstract Application of the concept of relaxed, first-order density matrices to electron propagator theory provides a measure of molecular similarity between a reference N -electron Hartree—Fock wavefunction and a correlated final state with N −1 electrons. Illustrative calculations on N 2 and HNO show how the similarity index, computed for various cationic final states, measures their non-Koopmans character. The similarity index provides a description that is complementary to that obtained from Koopmans' defects, Feynman—Dyson amplitudes and pole strengths.
No association of PROP taster status and paternal history of alcohol dependence.

Taste sensitivity to bitter substances, including ethanol, may play a moderating role both in the initiation of drinking and in the intensity and frequency of drinking once it is initiated. A study (Pelchat and Danowski, Physiol Behav 51 :1261-1266, 1992) showed an association between the capacity to taste PROP (6-n-propylthiouracil), a bitter tasting compound, and a family history of alcoholism. The implication of that finding is that family-history-negative individuals may be protected from early initiation of drinking or heavy consumption of alcohol once drinking is initiated. The present study sought to replicate those findings by using direct interview methods (versus history methods) to obtain alcohol use and alcohol problem information from the parents of at risk individuals and by examining a larger number of subjects. A bimodal distribution of the ability to taste PROP was found, similar to that observed in the general population. No association was found between the ability to taste PROP and a paternal history of alcoholism, regardless of the taste threshold employed or after controlling for several potentially confounding variables. A lack of association with alcoholism risk was also observed for subjects' self-reports of reasons for drinking or not drinking alcohol based upon taste preference : high-risk and low-risk for alcoholism groups were not distinguished by either a stated preference for the taste of alcohol as a reason for drinking or a stated dislike for the taste of alcohol as a reason for limiting drinking. Thus, neither taste sensitivity for PROP nor the palatability of ethanol appear to influence the choice to drink among adolescent and young adult individuals at high risk for developing alcohol-related problems.
Clinical phenotype associated with terminal 2q37 deletion

Three children with deletions of the terminal portion of the long arm of chomosome 2 [del (2) (q37)] are described and their clinical findings compared to published cases of 2q terminal deletions. Common clinical findings include development delay, macrocephaly, frontal bossing, depressed nasal bridge and cardiac anomaly. Hypotonia and repetitive behavior are also seen during different times of development. The facial characteristics of children with 2q terminal deletions are not uniform, but development delay is a constant finding. Chromosomal analysis of such children using high resolution banding may uncover the diagnosis of a small chromosomal deletion.
Dilemmas of engineering education

Modern technology has posed a special dilemma for today's professional, who is confronted by rapid change in both the body of knowledge he must use and the needs and expectations of the society that he must serve. The resulting problem for professional education?to ascertain the proper balance between science and art in training for a profession?is considered in this article.
Bronze-2 gene of maize: reconstruction of a wild-type allele and analysis of transcription and splicing.

The maize Bronze-2 (Bz2) gene, whose product acts late in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway, has been cloned and its transcript has been mapped. We have developed a general procedure for reconstructing wild-type alleles from transposable element-induced mutants. An existing transposon-containing clone, bz2::mu1 [McLaughlin, M., and Walbot, V. (1987). Genetics 117, 771-776], was modified by replacing the region of bz2::mu1 containing the transposon with the corresponding polymerase chain reaction-amplified sequence from the progenitor allele that has no Mu insertion. Particle gun delivery of the reconstructed Bz2 gene to embryonic scutellar tissue lacking a functional Bz2 gene complemented the bz2 mutant phenotype, as demonstrated by the production of purple spots. Having cloned the wild-type allele, we then analyzed the Bz2 transcript, whose features include an 82-nucleotide 59-untranslated leader, one small intron (78 base pairs) within the coding region, and multiple polyadenylation sites. Four Mutator transposon insertions that eliminate gene function were mapped within the 850-nucleotide transcription unit. We found that variable levels of unspliced Bz2 RNA are present in purple husk tissue; this finding may indicate that the expression of Bz2 is regulated in part at the level of transcript processing.
Social services and indigenous populations in remote areas: Alaska Natives and Negev Bedouin

EnglishTwo factors – distance and cultural dissonance – have been identified as obstacles in the provision of social services to Indigenous populations in remote areas. This article examines these obstacles as they affect Alaska Natives in rural Alaska and Negev Bedouin in Israel. Strategies to overcome these obstacles are then suggested.FrenchDeux facteurs - la distance et la dissonance culturelle - ont ete´ identifies comme obstacles a la capacited'offrir des services sociaux aux populations indige nes des regions eloignees. Cet article examine l'impact de ces obstacles sur les populations autochtones rurales d'Alaska et sur les bedouins du Negev en Israel. L'article sugge re des strategies pour vaincre ces obstacles.SpanishSe han identificado dos obsta culos en la provisio n de servicios sociales a poblaciones indigenas en a reas remotas: distancia y disonancia cultural. Se examinan estos obsta culos segun afectan a los Nativos de Alaska en a reas rurales, y a los Beduinos del Negev en Israel. Se sugie...
Immunofluorescent Evidence for a Specific Binding Site for Phenytoin in the Cerebellum

Summary: The regional distribution of phenytoin in the brains of experimental animals was studied using the indirect fluorescent antibody technique. Using antibodies directed against phenytoin, we observed a specific pattern of staining the Purkinje and granule cell layers of the cerebellum. An identical pattern of staining was seen in phenytoin-treated and untreated animals. Several control procedures and studies indicated that the observed pattern was not caused by nonspecific staining or autofluorescence. The distinctive staining pattern obtained using this technique can be attributed to the high molecular specificity of antigen-antibody reactions and a discrete binding site for phenytoin in the vicinity of cerebellar Purkinje and granule cells. RESUMEN Utilizando la tecnica de anticuerpos con fluorescencia indirecta se ha estudiado la distribucion regional de la fenitoina en cerebros de animales experimentales. Usando anticuerpos anti-fenitoina, hemos observado en un parton especifico de tenido en las celulas de Purkinje y en la capa de celulas de granulos del cerebelo. Un parton de tenido identico tambien se encontro en los animales que no habian recibido la droga. Varios estudios de control indican que el parton observado no fue producido por tenido inespecifico o autofluorescencia. El parton distintivo conseguido con esta tecnica puede atribuirse a la elevada especificidad molecular de las reacciones antigeno-anticuerpo y al selectivo lugar de ligadura de la fenitoina en la ve-cindad de las capas de celulas de Purkinje y granulos en el cerebelo. ZUSAMMENFASSUNG Die regionale Verteilung des Phenytoins in den Gehirnen von Versuchstieren wurde mit Hilfe der indirekten Antikorperfluoreszenztechnik untersucht. Mit Hilfe von Antikorpern gegen Phenytoin beobachteten wir ein spezifisches Muster der Anfarbung in der Pur-kinjezellschicht und in den Zellschichten des Cerebellum. Ein identisches Muster der Anfarbung existierte auch in den Gehirnen von Tieren, die keine Medikamente erhalten hatten. Verschiedene Kontroll-prozeduren und Untersuchungen zeigten, das das beobachtete Muster nicht durch unspezifische Anfarbung oder Autofluoreszenz hervorgerufen wurde. Die deutliche Anfarbung mit Hilfe dieser Technik mus der hochmolekularen Spezifitat der Antigen-Antikorper-reaktion und einer deutlichen Bindungsstelle fur das Phenytoin in der Nachbarschaft der Purkinje- und Kornerzellen des Kleinhirns zugeschrieben werden.
A conjecture regarding quantum fluctuation of gravitation and elementary particles as excitons in a turbulent gravitational field

Based on Wheeler's conjecture that the quantum fluctuations of the metric create a multiple connected foam-like structure of the vacuum with a structure constant of L∗ = (hGc3)12 ≈ 10−33cm and large virtual energy densities of the order c4GL∗2 ≈ 10115erg/cm3 and that elementary particles are exciton-like weak coherent perturbations in the violent vacuum physics, a model theory is constructed in which real turbulent fluctuations are superimposed on the average metric with the fluctuating metric satisfying the free space Einstein equations. A stationary turbulent field of “mixing length” L∗ represents the vacuum fluctuations, long-range coherent fluctuations the exciton-like particles. Averaging gives the Einstein equations for the average metric which because of the nonlinear terms contains a vacuum term associated with the small-scale fluctuations and a term associated with the coherent part which is interpreted as the energy momentum tensor. Estimate of the leading terms in the energy momentum tensor gives for the size L of the excitons the relation L ∼ L∗23R013 with the average universal curvature radius R0. For R0 ∼ 10−28 cm, L is of the correct order of magnitude 10−13 cm. Further relations between microscopic and cosmologic quantities are derived which appear to be Eddington's relations. The vacuum terms give a modification of Einstein's equations which act as mass production terms and are proportional to the average curvature with an estimated rate of 10−46 g/cm3 sec. Possible consequences due to time dependence of R are briefly discussed.
The epidemiology of complications

This is the seventh in a series of reports on the American Diabetes Association (ADA) 61st Scientific Sessions held in Philadelphia, PA, in June 2001. It covers topics related to the treatment of type 2 diabetes. John Fuller, London, U.K., gave the Kelly West lecture on the epidemiology and prevention of diabetic complications. Data from the World Health Organization (WHO) multinational study of vascular disease in diabetes showed interesting discrepancies between national groups in rates of nephropathy and cardiovascular disease (CVD). Mortality rates increase with increasing cigarette use, blood pressure, and cholesterol; proteinuria, triglyceride, and fasting blood glucose are additional risk factors. Studies with electron beam computerized tomography (EBCT) show increased calcium levels in the coronary arteries of both men and women with diabetes, correlating with the duration of diabetes, systolic blood pressure, BMI, and total/HDL cholesterol ratio (1,2). Patients with diabetes have a 2.5- to 5-fold greater risk than those without diabetes of having an increased coronary artery calcification (CAC) score. The EURODIAB study in 31 centers in 16 countries in Europe followed 3,250 patients with type 1 diabetes beginning in the late 1980s. Coronary heart disease (CHD) incidence rates of 10 and 12 per 1,000 patient-years were seen in men and in women, with age and albuminuria independent risk factors in both sexes, the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) an additional risk factor in men, and systolic blood pressure an additional risk factor in women. Using baseline assessment in 1988–1991, of 1,134 patients with normoalbuminuria, 12.6 and 1.7% developed micro- and macroalbuminuria (3). Risk factors for worsening albuminuria are HbA1c, baseline albuminuria level, triglyceride, and BMI. Among normo-, micro-, and macroalbuminuric patients, CHD event rates were 7, 12, and 22%, respectively. There was a 56% incidence of new retinopathy over 7.5 years for those without retinopathy …
Transport of 2-deoxy-d-glucose by dissociated brain cells

The characteristics of glucose transport into dissociated cells from rat brain were determined using [1,2-3H]2-deoxyglucose as substrate. The rate of net uptake exhibited biphasic saturation kinetics with increasing substrate concentration; two values each for Km (8.85 and 1.05 mM) and Vmax (20.41 +/- 5.99 nmol/min/mg protein) were obtained, indicating the presence of two transport systems. D-glucose competed with [1,2-3H]2-deoxyglucose as shown by increasing degrees of inhibition of uptake of labeled substrate with increasing concentrations of D-glucose. The presence of an accelerative exchange mechanism was demonstrated by enhanced rates of uptake of labeled substrate by cells pre-loaded with high levels of unlabeled 2-deoxyglucose. Transport was inhibited by cytochalasin B, phloretin and phloridzin in a manner suggesting that the system is sodium-independent. Transport was also inhibited by sodium cyanide, potassium cyanide and dinitrophenol, but not by sodium arsenite or ouabain. Insulin status of the animals had no effect on the rate of transport of this substrate. Net transport was significantly lower in neonatal (4-day-old) rats than in either older sucklings (14-16-day-old) or adult animals; no significant difference between the latter two groups was observed. These findings demonstrate that two carrier-mediated systems for glucose transport are present on the membranes of these mixed brain cells suggesting that the kinetic characteristics of glucose transport may differ between neurons and glial cells. The age change in transport rate may reflect age-associated glial cell proliferation and/or an age-dependent increase in the number of transporters per cell in one brain cell type.
Readers theatre productions of combined arts: The pre‐raphaelite paradigm

(1977). Readers theatre productions of combined arts: The pre‐raphaelite paradigm. Western Journal of Speech Communication: Vol. 41, No. 2, pp. 98-109.
Non-Gaussianity of amplitude jitter in DM fiber links with DPSK coding

Amplitude jitter due to nonlinear intra-channel pulse interaction is investigated in dispersion managed optical fiber links with Differential Phase Shift Keying. It is shown that as in the case of amplitude modulation, nonlinear effects lead to errors. The probability distribution function is characterized for the energy of the output pulses.
Subcutaneous Administration of IgG

The availability of IgG preparations that could be administered safely by the intravenous route was finally achieved in the early to mid-1980s. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) revolutionized the treatment of primary immune deficiency diseases (PIDD) and led to the discovery of the therapeutic value of high-dose IgG in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases not associated with PIDD. Improved therapy has improved outcomes and expectations, and most PIDD patients can lead fully active and productive lives. Administration of IgG by the subcutaneous route is effective and safe and overcomes obstacles to the use of IVIG in some patients. Many patients find administration of subcutaneous IgG at home more convenient than receiving IVIG at the Doctor's office or hospital. The coming years will see increased use of subcutaneous immunoglobulin in PIDD, which will be facilitated by advances leading to higher-concentration IgG products and easier delivery.
What do network members know? Network members as reporters of depression among Caucasian-American and African-American older women.

Objective: To determine whether family members and friends can be accurate reporters of depression in older women and whether their reports predict diagnostic depression concurrently and across a one-year time interval. Method: African-American and Caucasian older women (N = 153; mean age = 75) previously screened for depression nominated network members (NMs) who could be contacted as informants. NMs completed an informant version of the CES-D, described their closeness to the participant, the extent of the participant's support from family and friends, and their assessment of the participant's typical coping strategies. These reports were then used to predict participant CES-D, Hamilton depression scores, and Structured Clinical Interview (SCID) depression diagnoses concurrently and at six-month and one-year intervals. Results: NMs’ estimates of participants CES-D status were highly correlated with participants own CES-D scores, and also predicted Hamilton depression scores and SCID diagnoses concurrent...
A Comprehensive Peer Network Intervention to Improve Social Communication of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Randomized Trial in Kindergarten and First Grade

The purpose of this randomized control group study was to examine the effects of a peer network intervention that included peer mediation and direct instruction for Kindergarten and First-grade children with autism spectrum disorders. Trained school staff members provided direct instruction for 56 children in the intervention group, and 39 children participated in a comparison group. Results showed children in the intervention group displayed significantly more initiations to peers than did the comparison group during non-treatment social probes and generalization probes. Treatment session data showed significant growth for total communications over baseline levels. Children in treatment also showed more growth in language and adaptive communication. Finally, teachers' ratings of prosocial skills revealed significantly greater improvements for the intervention group.
Linkage Analysis of Quantitative Refraction and Refractive Errors in the Beaver Dam Eye Study

Purpose. Refraction, as measured by spherical equivalent, is the need for an external lens to focus images on the retina. While genetic factors play an important role in the development of refractive errors, few susceptibility genes have been identified. However, several regions of linkage have been reported for myopia (2q, 4q, 7q, 12q, 17q, 18p, 22q, and Xq) and for quantitative refraction (1p, 3q, 4q, 7p, 8p, and 11p). To replicate previously identified linkage peaks and to identify novel loci that influence quantitative refraction and refractive errors, linkage analysis of spherical equivalent, myopia, and hyperopia in the Beaver Dam Eye Study was performed.
On the effect of a radiation field in modifying the intermolecular interaction between two chiral molecules

The change in the mutual energy of interaction between a pair of chiral molecules coupled via the exchange of a single virtual photon and in the presence of an electromagnetic field is calculated using nonrelativistic quantum electrodynamics. The particular viewpoint adopted is one that has an intuitive physical appeal and resembles a classical treatment. It involves the coupling of electric and magnetic dipole moments induced at each center by the incident radiation field to the resonant dipole-dipole interaction tensor. The energy shift is evaluated for fixed as well as random orientations of the molecular pair with respect to the direction of propagation of the field. A complete polarization analysis is carried out for the former situation by examining the effect of incident radiation that is linearly or circularly polarized and traveling in a direction that is parallel or perpendicular to the intermolecular distance vector. After tumble averaging, all polarization dependence of the energy shift vanishes. In both cases the interaction energy is directly proportional to the irradiance of the applied field, and is discriminatory, changing sign when one optically active species is replaced by its enantiomer. The asymptotic behavior of the energy shift at the limits of large and small separations is also studied.
Evaluation of ratemeters: application to an improved fixed-time instrument

Abstract Procedures and instrumentation for the evaluation of reaction ratemeters are discussed and applied to an improved fixed-time reaction ratemeter which employs digital integration. The improved ratemeter is compared with similar systems described previously. A procedure which allows evaluation of the computation circuitry with real noise from the reaction monitor is developed; this new procedure provides a much better evaluation of how the ratemeter will perform in real rate measurement situations. Results presented for synthetic slopes with and without artificial noise show typical relative standard deviations and relative errors of less than 0.3 %. However, with a significant amount of real noise, the precision of rate measurements is reduced.
Efficacy of fenbendazole granules and pyrantel pamoate suspension against Toxocara canis in greyhounds housed in contaminated runs

The efficacy of fenbendazole granules against Toxocara canis in naturally infected greyhounds housed in contaminated environments was evaluated. Eight pens, each containing three to seven greyhounds, 3-12 months of age, were randomly allotted into two treatment groups. Greyhounds in Group 1 were treated with fenbendazole granules mixed in their feed at 50 mg/kg/day for 3 consecutive days once a month for 4 months. Greyhounds in Group 2 were treated with pyrantel pamoate suspension at 5.0 mg/kg per os once a month for 4 months. Quantitative fecal examinations were performed on days 0, 10 and then on the first day of each monthly treatment. Greyhounds administered fenbendazole had fecal egg count reductions (FECRs) of 95.8 and 99.8% at 10 and 31 days following initial treatment, respectively. Greyhounds administered pyrantel pamoate had FECRs of 85.8 and 88.3% at 10 and 31 days after the first treatment, respectively. T. canis fecal egg counts conducted from Day 31 through Day 128 were significant lower in those greyhounds administered fenbendazole as compared to greyhounds administered pyrantel pamoate. Fenbendazole produced FECRs in greyhounds from Day 31 through Day 128 by 96.8-99.8%. Pyrantel pamoate reduced fecal egg counts during the same time period 71.4-98.3%.
A stochastic eigenvalue problem

Abstract In this paper, we consider the monoenergetic eigenvalue problem in rod geometry, for a Markovian stochastic mixture of two immiscible materials. We obtain an explicit solution, in the small fluctuation and small correlation length limit, for the ensemble-averaged eigenvalue. This result shows that, in this limit, the effect of stochasticity is to increase the ensemble-averaged reativity over that of the nonstochastic reference reator.
981 DEPRESSED OXIDATIVE METABOLISM IN INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTED PHAGOCYTIC CELLS

Susceptibility to bacterial disease following viral infection may be related to virus induced host defense dysfunction, In vitro, influenza A virus (INFA) stimulated oxidative metabolism in human polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) and monocytes (MN) as measured by the chemiluminescence assay. Electron microscopy of PMN and MN incubated with INFA for 20 min demonstrated virus attached to the cell membrane and within intracellular spaces. When PMN and MN were stimulated with opsonized zymosan there was depressed peak chemiluminescence in cells pre-incubated with INF/compared to cells pre-incubated with buffer (MN: 3.6 ± .14 cpm per mn vs 19.7 ± 0 cpm per mn, p < .001; PMN: 12.8 ± 1.9 cpm per pmn vs 18.4 ± .9 cpm per pmn, p < .05). Depressed chemiluminescence also occurred in cells stimulated with phorbol myrisitate acetate which were pre-incubated with INFA compared to cells in buffer (MN: 2.6 ± .28 cpm per mn vs 6.2 ± .85 cpm per mn, p < .05; PMN: 1.4 ± .21 cpm per pmn vs 12.7 ± 0 cpm per pmn, p < .001). In vivo, depression of the PMN chemiluminescence response to opsonized zymosan and phorbol myrisitate acetate occurred in chinchillas inoculated intranasally with INFA. These animals also demonstrated depressed PMN bacterial activity for pneumococcus. These results suggest that INFA stimulation of phagocytic cell oxidative metabolism may induce cellular changes which inhibit the cells' response to subsequent particulate or soluble stimuli. Viral induced depression of phagocytic cell function could thereby contribute to increased susceptibility to bacterial disease.
Perspectives from the Bench: Technology in the Pittsburgh Courtroom An Interview with the Honorable Nora Barry Fischer, District Judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania

Judge Nora Barry Fischer has served as a district judge for the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania since 2007, when she was appointed by President George W. Bush. Prior to her service as a district judge, Judge Fischer worked as a legal editor at Callaghan & Company, was a partner in private practice at Meyer Darragh Buckler Bebenek & Eck, and was an equity partner at Pietragallo Bosick & Gordon. Additionally, Judge Fischer worked as a trained mediator and arbitrator in Pennsylvania and West Virginia. Judge Fischer is a Fellow of the American College of Trial Lawyers, an active member of the Executive Women’s Council of Pittsburgh, a past President of the Academy of Trial Lawyers of Allegheny County, and a member of the Pennsylvania Bar Association Commission on Women in the Profession, where she serves on the Mentoring Subcommittee. She received a Bachelor of Arts Degree magna cum laude from Saint Mary’s College, and a JD degree from Notre Dame Law School in 1976.
Spacelab 2 Plasma Diagnostics Package

The Plasma Diagnostics Package is a small, deployable satellite designed to study the interaction of the Space Shuttle Orbiter with the ionospheric environment as well as to be used in joint experiments with the plasma depletion and the vehicle charging and potential investigations during the Spacelab 2 mission. This paper provides a brief description of the small spacecraft, its instrumentation and operation, and the scientific objectives of the investigations. A brief summary of the scientific results obtained thus far is also presented.
Recovery by push-pull perfusion of neurochemicals released within the cuneate nucleus of the cat by somatosensory stimulation

The present work describes a combination of techniques for the identification of neurochemicals released within the cuneate nucleus. During electrical stimulation of the superficial radial nerve, the extracellular fluid of the nucleus is continuously sampled by push-pull perfusion. In addition, the population electrical activity of peripheral nerve as well as the activity of cuneate neurons are recorded. Subsequently, the neurochemical content of the sampled fluid is assessed by HPLC analysis. The comparison of sampled fluid content during control (no stimulation) versus stimulation runs indicates that somatosensory stimulation elicits the release of specific neurochemicals within the cuneate nucleus. The possible sources of released neurochemicals are discussed.
T-Pouch: A new valve design for a continent ileostomy

PURPOSE: After proctocolectomy for ulcerative colitis or familial adenomatous polyposis, creation of a continent ileostomy is one of the surgical options. Although most patients will be offered a pull-through procedure, the continent ileostomy is a valuable alternative in patients who are either not candidates for or have failed an ileal pouch-anal anastomosis or who—for other reasons—prefer a permanent ileostomy. The traditional continent reservoirs (Kock or Barnett pouch) with an intussuscepted bowel segment as valve mechanism have an unsatisfactorily high incidence of dysfunction and frequent reoperations. The objective of this study was to adapt the T-pouch valve concept, previously used for urinary reservoirs, for a continent stool reservoir and to construct a valve mechanism that omits intussusception of the bowel and maintains the blood supply to the valve segment. METHODS: The technique for the critical valve construction is described in detail. It consists of isolating the terminal segment of the small bowel with its blood supply. The valve mechanism is created by embedding this segment in a serosa-lined tunnel of two apposed limbs of bowel that will form the pouch reservoir. RESULTS: Preliminary results in six patients indicate complete continence of the pouch. CONCLUSION: Although long-term results are not yet available, the new T-pouch concept is suitable as a continent stool reservoir and promises a significant improvement as compared with the traditional Kock pouch.
First-Principles Study of π-Bonded (100) Planar Defects in Diamond

A periodic density functional study of the high-energy {pi}-bonded (100) stacking fault in diamond that can serve as a prototype of a twist grain boundary has been carried out. Information on formation energies, geometries and the electronic structure has been obtained. A single point electronic structure calculation of a {Sigma}5 twist grain boundary based on the geometry taken from a molecular dynamics simulation has also been performed.