cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Blood or marrow transplantation for mantle cell lymphoma.

PURPOSE OF REVIEW Mantle cell lymphoma is a generally incurable disease for which blood or marrow transplantation is frequently considered. This review assesses the more recent literature on high-dose therapeutic approaches for mantle cell lymphoma. RECENT FINDINGS The benefit of transplantation is most apparent in first remission. Autologous transplantation can prolong event-free and possibly overall survival, although no plateau has been demonstrated in the survival curve. A randomized controlled trial demonstrated a significant event-free survival advantage to upfront autologous transplantation compared with interferon maintenance. The relative merit of autologous versus allogeneic transplantation remains to be better defined. SUMMARY The role of transplantation for mantle cell lymphoma is controversial, as the impact on overall survival is unclear. Transplantation should be considered early in the disease course. Elimination of minimal residual disease through in-vivo purging of stem cells may translate into more durable remissions. Nonmyeloablative allogeneic transplantation and high-dose radioimmunotherapy are topics of ongoing investigation.
Correlation between the Relative Modulation Function and the Magnitude of the Variance of the Wave-Aberration Difference Function

Hopkins’s treatment of tolerance theory shows that, in designing quality optical systems, we should aim at minimizing the variance K of a wave-aberration difference function. This suggests that the value of K may serve as a diffraction-based criterion of image quality in the fine-correction stage of automatic optical design. For this purpose, it would be desirable to know the range of states of poorer correction over which K may still be regarded as a useful criterion. On the basis of the present investigation, it appears that a necessary condition to be satisfied is that the relative modulation of the system should exceed the range 0.60–0.69, depending on the type of wave aberration and the azimuth of the grating test object considered.
An independent-acting row-crop gathering unit for harvesting soybeans

Abstract The design of a soybean gathering unit utilizing conveyor belts on individual row sub-assemblies is presented. The gathering unit losses (9·2%) were 18·6% less than the losses from a floating cutterbar (11·3%). This difference was largely due to the reduction of lodged stalk and stubble losses. A comparison for 2 conveyor belt designs showed no significant differences.
Guaiacol-O-methyltransferase: A mammalian enzyme capable of forming di-O-methyl catecholamine derivatives

On a extrait et characterise une enzyme capable de transferer aux catecholamines 4-O-methyles le group methyle provenant de l'S-adenosylmethionine et produire des substances dimethoxyques. Cette enzyme est active dans differents tissus de Mammiferes.
Seasonal prevalence and intensity of hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) in California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups born in 2002 on San Miguel Island, California

Intestines of California sea lion (Zalophus californianus) pups (n= 204), born in 2002 on San Miguel Island, California, were examined for hookworms (Uncinaria spp.) as part of a seasonal mortality study from June through December 2002 and January 2003. The investigation was planned to coincide with most of the previously established hookworm infection period of the pups. Prevalence of hookworms in dead pups was 100% for each month of the study. The geometric mean intensity of infections per month was: 94.03 (n=30) for June, 629.09 (n=50) for July, 319.90 (n=31) for August, 159.90 (n=30) for October, 109.03 (n=30) for November, 37.84 (n=24) for December 2002 and 11.05 (n=9) for January 2003. In addition to the temporal pattern, the infection intensity was higher for pups in good condition and for male pups. An inter-year comparison of hookworm counts from dead pups collected in July of 1996, 2000, and 2002 also demonstrated higher intensity in pups in better condition but sex-differences in intensity were inconsistent across years. The inter-year comparison also demonstrated higher intensities in dead pups collected from portions of the rookery with sandy substrate versus rocky substrate. No annual differences in intensity were found after adjusting for substrate and condition.
Crop improvement using small RNAs: applications and predictive ecological risk assessments

Crops can be modified by engineering novel RNA interference (RNAi) pathways that create small RNA molecules to alter gene expression in crops or plant pests. RNAi can generate new crop quality traits or provide protection against insects, nematodes and pathogens without introducing new proteins into food and feed products. As a result, stakeholders and regulators need to construct credible ecological risk assessments (ERAs) that characterize potential exposure pathways and hazards for RNAi crops, including off-target effects, non-target effects and impacts from genetic mutations and polymorphisms. New methods are needed to identify RNAi crops and measure the environmental persistence of small RNAs. With some modifications, it seems likely that current ERA frameworks can be applied to most crops engineered through RNAi.
Space-based ornithology: studying bird migration and environmental change in North America

Natural fluctuations in the availability of critical stopover sites coupled with anthropogenic destruction of wetlands, land-use change, and anticipated losses due to climate change present migratory birds with a formidable challenge. Space based technology in concert with bird migration modeling and geographical information analysis yields new opportunities to shed light on the distribution and movement of organisms on the planet and their sensitivity to human disturbances and environmental changes. At the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, we are creating ecological forecasting tools for science and application users to address the consequences of loss of wetlands, flooding, drought or other natural disasters such as hurricanes on avian biodiversity and bird migration. We use an individual-based bird biophysical migration model, driven by remotely sensed land surface data, climate and hydrologic data, and biological field observations to study migratory bird responses to environmental change in North America. Simulation allows us to study bird migration across multiple scales and can be linked to mechanistic processes describing the time and energy budget states of migrating birds. We illustrate our approach by simulating the spring migration of pectoral sandpipers from the Gulf of Mexico to Alaska. Mean stopover length and trajectory patterns are consistent with field observations.
Habit and Behavioral Intentions as Predictors of Social Behavior.

This research assessed the relative impact of habit and behavioral intentions in predicting classroom teacher behavior, using a model proposed by Triandis. Responses from a behavioral differential,...
Mitochondria and Apoptosis

Apoptosis is a coordinated sequence of events culminating in the death of the cell. Many of these biochemical processes are regulated by the mitochondria, including the release of proapoptotic molecules in addition to the caspase-activating cofactor, cytochrome c. Pro- and antiapoptotic members of the Bcl-2 family regulate mitochondrial participation in cell death. Current models explaining cytochrome c release are discussed in light of mitochondrial structure and physiology.
Basic income in the United States: Redefining citizenship in the liberal state

Abstract This paper examines citizenship-based arguments for work-conditioned welfare and basic income. I argue that the most common citizenship-based justifications for work requirements—the paternalistic and civic republican arguments—are flawed because of their selectivity, and that the only defensible citizenship-based justification for work requirements is the socialist model, which enforces work requirements universally on all. I offer as a liberal alternative a radically pluralist notion of citizenship, with a kind of universal economic suffrage at its core, to justify an unconditional basic income in the US.
Nocturnal flight periodicity of the caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) in a large Michigan river

Over 18,000 caddisfly specimens representing 44 species were collected from sunset until sunrise on each of 6 days during July 2010 from a large river in northern Lower Michigan. Sampling occurred every 15 minutes from sunset until midnight and every hour afterward until sunrise. Mean specimen abundance peaked at 22:30, approximately 1 hour after sunset, before decreasing precipitously. Species richness peaked from 22:30 to 23:00 and decreased more gradually. All species and >95% of specimens were caught before midnight. Both overall specimen abundance and species richness correlated positively with dew point, reflecting relatively constant temperatures throughout the sampling period. Likewise, temperature correlated positively with specimen abundance at each sampling period from 23:00 to 00:00 and at 02:00. Of the 18 most abundant species, 10 had peak abundance between 22:30 and 22:45, 7 had extended peak abundance from 22:30 to 23:00 to 02:00, and 1 peaked after 22:30. Specimen abundance of all trophic ...
The esterified plasma fatty acid profile is altered in early HIV-1 infection.

Previous studies have shown that alterations in micronutrient utilization occur in patients with Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome. In this study, total plasma fatty acid composition was measured in 36 homosexual men infected with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1) and in 17 HIV-1 seronegative homosexual men in order to evaluate differences associated with early HIV-1 infection. Immunologic assessment included CD4 cell number count and lymphocyte blastogenesis in response to the mitogens phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and pokeweed (PWM). The mean total amount of ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (18∶2 and 20∶4) was significantly lower in the HIV-1 seropositive subjects (38±8.1% SD) as compared to HIV-1 seronegative subjects (43±4.2%;P=0.0027). This was also reflected in a higher level of total saturated fatty acids (16∶0 and 18∶0) in HIV-1 seropositive subjects (30±2.2%vs. 26±2.8%;P=0.0001). The ratio of linoleic to arachidonic acid (18∶2 to 20∶4) was higher in the HIV-1 seronegative group (6.76±4.88) compared to the HIV-1 seronegative group (4.86±1.37;P=0.0213). The response to PHA in seropositive subjects correlated inversely with total plasma ω6 fatty acids (r=−0.36;P=0.027), and directly with the 18∶2 to 20∶4 ratio (r=0.33;P=0.046). CD4 cell counts and the response to PWM did not correlate with plasma fatty acid levels in HIV-1 seropositive subjects. We conclude that early HIV-1 infection is associated with lower plasma ω6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, notably arachidonic acid, than are controls, and that the changes in the plasma fatty acid profile correlate with some indices of immune function.
Synthesis and characterization of various Schiff bases for non-linear optical applications

A series of salicylidenes have been synthesized to investigate non-linear optical properties. Attempts have been made to correlate second harmonic generation properties of these Schiff base compounds with ring substitution patterns, as well as the nature of the ring substituents. The result of double substitutions to the aniline moiety is also discussed. It is reported that meta substitution in the aniline moiety gives comparable values for second harmonic generation with respect to urea.
Haloperidol attenuates conditioned place preferences produced by electrical stimulation of the medial prefrontal cortex

Abstract A Conditioned Place Preference test procedure [Ettenberg and Duvauchelle (13)] was used to investigate the effects of dopamine antagonist challenge on the rewarding properties of medial prefrontal cortex (MPFC) electrical stimulation. Rats exhibited strong preferences for the side of a two-compartment test apparatus in which they experienced sessions of experimenter-administered 0.5-s trains of MPFC sine-wave 60-Hz stimulation. Pretreatment with the neuroleptic dopamine antagonist drug, haloperidol (0.0, 0.15, or 0.3 mg/kg IP), resulted in a dose-dependent reduction in the magnitude of observed place preferences. Preference tests were conducted 24 hours after drug-conditioning trials and, hence, were not subject to motoric or other nonspecific actions of the neuroleptic treatments. In a control experiment, haloperidol did not block the place aversions produced by dorsomedial tegmental stimulation. Animals can, therefore, recall place-associations formed in the presence of haloperidol, a result which challenges “state-dependent learning” explanations of the drug's actions. Together, these results are consistent with the view that dopamine neurotransmission is involved in the rewarding consequences of electrical stimulation in the medial prefrontal cortex.
The white shrimp futures market: Lessons in contract design and marketing

The successful introduction of futures contracts to industries unfamiliar with futures markets is likely to become increasingly important as futures exchanges move to alternative governance structures (e.g., for-profit corporations), trading platforms evolve (i.e., electronic/Internet trading), and regulatory requirements relax. Here, we examine the performance of the Minneapolis Grain Exchange's white shrimp futures contract, one of the first futures contracts aimed at the aquaculture industry. Although the market structure largely conforms to the traditional criteria for a successful futures market, the contract's performance is disappointing in terms of liquidity, basis behavior, and ultimately, hedging effectiveness. Furthermore, nonpar-size delivery options embedded in the contract design likely impact basis behavior for certain hedges. While these reasons contributed to the ultimate demise of the contract, a general lack of knowledge regarding futures markets among the shrimp industry was also a factor. Given these findings, pragmatic implications for the introduction and marketing of new futures contracts into new industries are discussed. [JEL/EconLit: Q130, Q140, G130] © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Cancer treatment summaries and follow-up care instructions: which cancer survivors receive them?

Medically underserved subgroups of survivors bear a disproportionate burden of cancer-related health problems. Treatment summaries and follow-up care instructions are one possible strategy to address disparities in cancer-related health among cancer survivors. However, it is not known which cancer survivors receive these documents. This paper sought to identify and describe patterns in the receipt of treatment summaries and follow-up care instructions. Data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System’s 2010 cancer survivorship module were used for this study. This study involved 6,897 adult cancer survivors. Multivariate logistic regression was used to test for associations between survivor’s demographic and cancer-related factors and receipt of treatment summaries and follow-up care instructions. Treatment summaries were received by 31 % of survivors. Demographic characteristics and type of health care provider were associated with treatment summaries (LR χ 2 (31) = 101.02, p < .001). Follow-up care instructions were received by 71 % percent of cancer survivors. Survivors’ demographic and cancer-related characteristics were associated with follow-up care instructions (LR χ 2 (31) = 231.51, p < .001). Written follow-up instructions were received by 66 % of survivors who reported receipt of follow-up instructions. Receipt of written follow-up instructions was associated with gender and age. Demographic and cancer-related patterns exist in the receipt of treatment summaries and follow-up care instructions. These patterns map to documented gaps in survivor cancer-related outcomes. Research that tests associations between treatment summaries and follow-up care instructions and cancer-related health outcomes is needed.
Saving Your Wellness Program

Given the poor health status of U.S. citizens, it is critical to maintain, and even increase, students' opportunities to learn about unhealthy behaviors and to practice healthy ones. However, the current economic environment has led to a dramatic reduction in educational opportunities. Many physical education, health, and wellness programs are not receiving the necessary resources to provide the quality services needed, and are being forced to increasingly justify the need for such programs. This article presents six advocacy secrets that can be used to retain wellness in the curriculum. These suggestions include essential tools for ensuring that institutional decision makers have an unambiguous understanding of the benefits of a wellness program and of how such a program fits into the larger picture of the institution and nation.
Charged droplet formation in sonic spray

Abstract The reasons why sonic spray ionization can readily produce multiply-charged ions when a high voltage is applied to the source housing have been investigated by using aerosol techniques. Charged droplets were produced by sonic spray from a trifluoroacetic acid solution in triethylene glycol/ethanol. These droplets were analyzed with a differential mobility analyzer to obtain their mobilities, and also analyzed with an aerodynamic particle size spectrometer to obtain their diameters. By combining these results, the charge numbers of the droplets have been determined. The results show that some droplets have charge numbers close to the Rayleigh limit and that the abundance of these droplets increases as the voltage applied to the source housing increases. A qualitative explanation is given for the formation of multiply-charged ions.
Optical Approaches To The Helmet Mounted Display

The design of an optical system for a helmet mounted display (HMD) is particularly demanding since the weight and center of gravity of the display is always critical. When major requirements include the ability to see through the display and to shape the package to wrap around the human head, the optical design becomes a challenge. Proven HMD optical design approaches and their relative merits are discussed.
The Piermont allochthon revisited and redefined at its type locality: Discussion

[Timms (2004)][1] has presented a very restricted interpretation of an important structural feature in the New England Appalachians that I originally termed the Piermont allochthon and interpreted as a far-traveled Acadian thrust sheet ([Moench et al., 1987][2]; [Moench, 1990][3]). As described
Raman Spectra of Polyatomic Gases

Raman spectra of gaseous CO2, N2O, NH3, CH4 and C2H4 have been photographed using the line λ2536 of mercury as the exciting radiation. Vibrational transitions have been observed in all the gases investigated, and rotational transitions in the cases of NH3 and CH4. For the frequency shifts due to the vibrational transitions, the following numerical values (in cm^-1) have been found: CO2: 1264.5; 1285.1; 1387.7; 1408.4. CH4: 2914.8; 3022.1; 3071.5. N2O: 1281.8 C2H4: 1342.4; 1623.3; 2880.1; 3019.3; 3240.3; 3272.3. NH3: 3333.6 Raman spectra of liquid NH3 have been photographed and found to give the two frequency shifts: 3298.4 and 3214.5. In the case of gaseous NH3, pure rotational transitions lead to a moment of inertia having the value I0=2.79×10^-40. In the case of methane, the positive and negative branches of the 3022.1 band lead to the value I0=5.17×10^-40. The relations between these data and infra-red absorption data are discussed.
BEHAVIORAL ACTIVITIES OF MALE CERULEAN WARBLERS IN RELATION TO HABITAT CHARACTERISTICS

Abstract Activities of 29 male Cerulean Warblers (Setophaga cerulea) were quantified on two sites in West Virginia during May–June 2005. Singing and foraging were the most common of 11 observed behavioral activities (81.6%), while maintenance and mating behaviors were uncommonly observed. Male activity differed among vegetative strata (P = 0.02) with lower- and mid-canopy strata used most often (70% of observations), especially for foraging, perching, and preening. The upper-canopy was used primarily for singing, particularly within core areas of territories and in association with canopy gaps. Foraging occurred more than expected outside of core areas. Males were associated with canopy gaps during 30% of observations, but the distribution of behavioral activities was not significantly related (P = 0.06) to gap presence. Males used 23 different tree species for a variety of activities with oaks (Quercus spp.) used most often on the xeric site and black cherry (Prunus serotina) and black locust (Robini...
CARBOHYDRATE PHYSIOLOGY OF ORCHID SEEDLINGS. III. HYDROLYSIS OF MALTOOLIGOSACCHARIDES BY PHALAENOPSIS (ORCHIDACEAE) SEEDLINGS.

Germinating seeds and developing seedlings of Phalaenopsis Habsburg and Phalaenopsis Ruth Burton × (Phalaenopsis Abendrot × Phalaenopsis Abendrot) can utilize glucose, maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, maltohexaose, and maltoheptaose as carbon sources. Fresh weight decreased significantly with increased polymerization from glucose through maltoheptaose. Seedling survival declined on higher molecular weight sugars reaching levels which were significantly different from those on glucose. Sugar uptake increased moderately with increasing molecular weight of oligomers. The maltooligosaccharides used in these experiments are hydrolyzed by the orchid seedlings and of the sugars which can support good growth glucose, but not maltose accumulate in culture media. As a result, media which supported seedlings contained substantial levels of glucose, the starting sugars, and decreasing amounts of the next shorter oligomers. This suggests enzymatic endwise hydrolysis of these maltooligosaccharides. Similar results were obtained with Phalaenopsis seedlings produced from seeds which were germinated on sugar-free medium and transferred to a solution containing the same oligomers. Sugars in media which did not support seedlings were not hydrolyzed.
Low-temperature extraction of a troponin-tropomyosin factor from the I-Z-I brush of striated muscle

Abstract A new form of native tropomyosin has been obtained by a short-term, low-temperature, mild extraction of a preparation of I-Z-I brushes. This protein which we have termed the troponin-tropomyosin factor (TF), appears as a tight complex of troponin and tropomyosin in that the entire complex precipitates under the isoelectric conditions which separate these two proteins in regular native tropomyosin. Differences between native tropomyosin and TF can also be detected by gel filtration and ammonium sulfate fractionation. This TF protein complex is highly active, delaying (in the absence of calcium) the onset of superprecipitation in certain actomyosin preparations for extremely long periods of time and, under standard conditions, binding large quantities of calcium. We have considered whether it might represent a more natural form of this structural and regulatory entity.
Source/drain doping strategy vs. device performance

Shallow junction engineering drives the development of thermal processing manufacturing equipment. Junction depth and lateral source/drain extension doping profiles have an important impact on source/drain parasitic resistance and device short channel effects. These parameters were identified by ITRS as key processing steps. This work presents the result of a modeling study of lateral doping abruptness and its impact on device performance. The impact of lateral abruptness is examined from the point of view of on- and off-current, (I on , I off ). I on , I off curves provide a way for complex comparing of device performance, including both power consumption and circuit performance (circuit delay). It is shown that threshold roll-off characteristics are degraded by a very abrupt lateral profile. The results of this study lead to the conclusion that benefits of the abrupt source/drain extension are overestimated.
Demographics of pet presence and attachment

ABSTRACTPet presence (ownership) and attachment interview items were appended to a statewide telephone survey of more than 1,800 adults to obtain a demographic profile of pet presence and attachment in a Midwestern state in the United States. Pet presence in the adults' households increased from 54% for the 18–25 year-olds to 71% for the 36–45 year-olds and declined to 37% for those more than 65 years old. Pet presence was associated with larger families, rural residences, family income, and marital status. In contrast, companion animal bonding scores were higher for adults in smaller families, urban residents, divorced adults, and those who mentioned a dog first when asked about their pets.
Application aspects of new video camera technology

Some of the new state-of-the-art video cameras offer features which enhance vision-based sensor performance and simplify the task of integrating the cameras into a manufacturing environment. Other new features make some applications possible which previously were not. One of these new features, video frame rates greater than 30 hz, will be described in the context of an application of a six degree of freedom (DOF) sensor. Some new video cameras, such as the EG&G Reticon MC4256 and MC6464, offer very high video frame rates, which make the proposed sensor system appropriate for an application in a suspension kinematic and compliance measurement machine.© (1992) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The insertion of carbon oxysulfide into some organo-metallic amines

Abstract The structures of the products obtained when carbon oxysulfide is allowed to react with organometallic amines of germanium, pholphorus, and arsenic are determined and the effect of changing hardness of the organo-metallic center is discussed. Free energies of activation for rotation about the carbonylnitrogen bond in the products are determined.
The Effect of Adding Items to Scales: An Illustrative Case of LMX:

In this article, the authors examine whether different results occur when items are added to a scale. Because different measures of leader-member exchange (LMX) have included different numbers of items, the authors used the LMX scale. The results, consistent across two studies, support the hypothesis that results based on earlier versions of the LMX measure differ from those of subsequent scales where items were added. The implications of this type of finding for scale development and meta-analysis are discussed. It is suggested that validity as well as reliability be considered when adding new items to scales.
A test of Palmore's Facts on Aging Quizzes as alternate measures

Abstract In 1977, Palmore constructed the first Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ1) in order to inspire students' interest in the topic of aging and to provide a short objective test on the subject. After the broad acceptance of this first quiz, Palmore produced a second, retest version Facts on Aging Quiz (FAQ2). The quizzes were designed to measure basic knowledge of physical, mental, and social facts about old age and aging as well as common misconceptions. We test Palmore's proposition that FAQ1 and FAQ2 can be used as alternate measures of knowledge about aging. Our analysis of data from a sample of nurses contradicts his claims that the quizzes are alternate measures.
A High-Throughput, High-Resolution Strategy for the Study of Site-Selective DNA Binding Agents: Analysis of a "Highly Twisted" Benzimidazole-Diamidine.

A general strategy for the rapid structural analysis of DNA binding ligands is described as it was applied to the study of RT29, a benzimidazole-diamidine compound containing a highly twisted diphenyl ether linkage. By combining the existing high-throughput fluorescent intercalator displacement (HT-FID) assay developed by Boger et al. and a high-resolution (HR) host−guest crystallographic technique, a system was produced that was capable of determining detailed structural information pertaining to RT29−DNA interactions within ∼3 days. Our application of the HT/HR strategy immediately revealed that RT29 has a preference for 4-base pair (bp), A·T-rich sites (AATT) and a similar tolerance and affinity for three A-T-bp sites (such as ATTC) containing a G·C bp. On the basis of these selectivities, oligonucleotides were designed and the host−guest crystallographic method was used to generate diffraction quality crystals. Analysis of the resulting crystal structures revealed that the diphenyl ether moiety of RT2...
The Rate of Ozone Uptake on Carpets: Experimental Studies

Ozone can react with surfaces, reducing indoor concentrations. Carpets may be important ozone sinks because of their high surface area. We conducted laboratory experiments to measure ozone uptake on four samples of whole carpet and on the corresponding carpet fibers and carpet backing. Results were parametrized in terms of reaction probability, defined as the rate of ozone loss on a surface normalized by the rate of ozone-surface collisions. For whole carpet and carpet-backing samples, we found the apparent reaction probability to be of magnitude 10-5 to 10-4. These results are referenced to the floor area that would be covered by the carpet, rather than to the total surface area of the carpet and its fibers. Reaction probabilities of the order of 10-7 to 10-6 were measured on carpet fibers, referenced to total estimated fiber area. The results indicate that carpet is of comparable significance to painted walls in scavenging ozone from indoor air. All samples tested exhibited aging, such that the rate of ...
Investigation of Juniperus species of the United States for new sources of cedarwood oil.

The 11 taxa of Juniperus with widespread distribution in the United States and with significant biomass production were investigated to determine their yields of cedarwood oil and the major components of commercial interest: alpha-cedrene, beta-cedrene, thujopsene, cuparene, cedrol, and widdrol. Taxa examined wereJ. ashei, J. californica, J. erythrocarpa, J. deppeana, J. monosperma, J. occidentalis var.occidentalis, J. o. var.australis, J. osteosperma, J. pinchotii, J. scopulorum, andJ. virginiana. The volatile heartwood oils were removed by steam distillation and analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy to determine their yields and composition. Cedarwood oil yields inJ. erythrocarpa andJ. scopulorum were comparable to those of the two species currently being utilized (J. ashei, J. virginiana).
Field emission scanning Auger microscope (FESAM)

We have measured the energy distribution of backscattered electrons originating from a tungsten field emission tip positioned several hundred μm above an oxidized Si wafer. Energy loss spectroscopy (ELS) and Auger electron spectroscopy (AES) are shown to be feasible in this manner. Hence we suggest a simple scanning type of microscope yielding electronic-structure information with a spatial resolution in the submicron range similar as e.g. scanning Auger microscopy and employing the piezoelectric translation technology of scanning tunneling microscopy.
Idiopathic Stabbing Headaches Lasting a Few Seconds

SYNOPSIS Four cases of idiopathic stabbing headache subjectively perceived as lasting several seconds are reported. The classification of the International Headache Society suggests that these headaches typically last “a fraction of a second”. The perception of such brief pains may be difficult to quantitate and, therefore, the duration of the headache should not be used as a strict diagnostic criteria.
Structural motifs of DNA complexes in the gas phase

Abstract DNA duplexes are known to be quite stable in the condensed phase but recent mass spectrometry results have shown that DNA complexes are also stable (at least for a limited time) in the gas phase. However, very little is known about the overall shape of the complexes in a solvent-free environment and what factors influence that shape. In this article, we present recent ion mobility and molecular modeling results that address some issues concerning the gas-phase conformations of DNA duplexes. Examples include the effect of metal ions on Watson–Crick base pairing, investigating the onset of helicity in duplexes as a function of strand length, comparison of the stability of C·G and A·T base pairs, and examining the formation of quadruplex structures.
Minimum Distance Decoding of General Algebraic Geometry Codes via Lists

Algebraic geometry codes are defined by divisors D and G on a curve over a finite field F. Often, G is supported by a single F-rational point and the resulting code is called a one-point code. Recently, there has been interest in allowing the divisor G to be more general as this can result in superior codes. In particular, one may obtain a code with better parameters by allowing G to be supported by m distinct F-rational points, where m > 1. In this paper, we demonstrate that a multipoint algebraic geometry code C may be embedded in a one-point code C'. Exploiting this fact, we obtain a minimum distance decoding algorithm for the multipoint code C. This is accomplished via list decoding in the one-point code C'.
Noble Gas Isotope Geochemistry of Mid-Ocean Ridge and Ocean Island Basalts: Characterization of Mantle Source Reservoirs

The study of noble gases in oceanic basalts is central to understanding chemical heterogeneity of the Earth’s mantle and origin of the atmosphere. In the terrestrial environment the abundances of noble gases are quite low because they were excluded from solid materials during planetary formation in the inner solar system. This low background inventory helps to make the noble gases excellent tracers of mantle reservoirs. In this context, mid-ocean ridge and ocean island basalts provide valuable windows into the Earth’s mantle. These oceanic basalts are not prone to the degree of contamination often observed in continental lavas that results from their passage through thick continental lithosphere and crust. Mid-ocean ridge basalts (MORBs) form by partial melting as the ascending mantle beneath spreading ridges reaches its solidus temperature, and MORBs are generally accepted to represent a broad sampling of the convecting upper mantle. Ocean island basalts (OIBs) represent melting ‘anomalies’ that are generally related to mantle upwelling. The extent to which ocean islands are derived from a thermal boundary layer in the deep mantle (e.g., as a mantle plume) or from chemical heterogeneities embedded within the mantle convective flow (e.g., as a mantle ‘blob’) has been debated for decades, and is not currently resolved. The isotope compositions of noble gases in oceanic basalts bear significantly on such debates over the chemical structure of the mantle. When oceanic basalts erupt as submarine lavas, their quenched rims of glass may contain high volatile abundances (especially when they are deeply erupted under elevated hydrostatic pressure), providing the best available opportunity for precisely characterizing the noble gas composition of the Earth’s mantle. In favorable cases, inclusions of melt or fluids trapped within magmatic phenocrysts and mantle xenoliths can also be precisely analyzed for noble gas composition. Measurable changes in the isotope compositions of noble gases …
Asynchronous optical probing of coherent magnetic excitations from picoseconds to nanoseconds

Thermoreflectance and coherent spin dynamics in Fe films are measured using asynchronous optical sampling at kilohertz rates. We observe ultrafast laser-induced time dependence of spin precession frequencies that is attributed to thermal relaxation.
The stretch reflex response in the normal and spastic ankle: Effect of ankle position

Abstract Objective: The influence of stretch of the gastrocnemiussoleus muscle on the stretch reflex activity was studied, by varying the ankle angle in steps from 10° of plantarflexion (PF) to 5° of dorsiflexion (DF). Design: Nonrandomized control trial. Setting: Department of Rehabilitation Medicine of a university medical center. Patients: Sixteen subjects with and 16 subjects without spasticity. Main Outcome Measures: The passive elastic stiffness and active reflex response, expressed by the total and elastic path lengths, were determined at each ankle angle as a sinusoidal displacement of 5° was applied to the joint at frequencies from 3 to 12Hz. Results: The elastic stiffness showed no difference between the spastic and normal subjects for all ankle angles ( p > .05). The elastic stiffness increased linearly similarly in both groups when the ankle was dorsiflexed. The reflex response was significantly greater in the spastic group for all positions ( p ≤ .01). The total and elastic path lengths showed a linear increase in both groups when the ankle angle was varied from PF to DF. The spastic group, however, had a significantly faster increase ( p ≤ .005). Between-group comparison showed a significant quadratic trend in the elastic path length for the spastic group ( p ≤ .05), with a maximum at 2.5° of DF. Conclusions: This study showed that the stretch reflex activity varies with the ankle position. This must be considered when performing spasticity tests subsequent to an intervention that has changed the available range of motion and when comparing subjects measured at different ankle positions.
Analysis of various all-electric-ship electrical distribution system topologies

As advances in technology mature, the need is evident for a coherent simulation of the total electric-drive ship to model the effect of new systems on the overall performance of the vessel. Our laboratory has been developing an integrated architectural model in a physics-based environment which analyzes ship variants using a standard set of metrics, including weight, volume, fuel usage and survivability. This paper discusses advances in the model including the use of operational scenarios, incorporation of a survivability metric, and streamlining the performance of model. The model is employed herein to compare two possible distribution system topologies: a ring bus and a breaker-and-a-half. The ring bus is heavier and larger but more survivable. Fuel usage is equivalent in the two variants.
Focusing on unlikely accented nominals: context, alternatives and implied expectations

In English, accenting a pronoun occasionally switches its reference rela- tive to an unaccented pronoun: (1) John pushed Bill and... a. heb/# j fell. b. HEj/#b fell. However, accent does not always have this effect - it is not licit in (2) below: (2) John bought Bill a drink and then... a. hej/?b went home. b. # HE went home. This paper argues that the felicity of the accent in (1b) is dependent on a presupposition of relative unlikeliness, which is unfulfilled in (2b). The presence of this accent is due to a focus-sensitive operator, Opunlikely, which presupposes the existence of a likelier alternative to the asserted one. The reference and the distribution of accented pronouns is due to the satisfaction of this presupposition. Opunlikely not only accounts for accents on pronouns, but also on coreferential nouns and other types of constituents as well. Finally, this operator also accounts for the distribution of accent and unlikeliness associated with other focus-sensitive constructions.
A biomechanical and histological evaluation of the structure and function of the healing medial collateral ligament in a goat model

This study evaluated the healing process of an isolated medial collateral ligament (MCL) rupture at 12 weeks in a goat model. Using a robotic/UFS testing system, knee kinematics in multiple degrees of freedom and in situ forces in the healing MCL in response to (1) a 67-N anterior tibial load and (2) a 5-Nm valgus moment were evaluated as a function of angles of knee flexion. Then a uniaxial tensile test of femur-MCL-tibia complexes (FMTCs) was preformed to obtain the structural properties of the FMTC and mechanical properties of the healing MCL substance. The histological appearance of the healing MCL was also examined for collagen and cell organization. The anterior tibial translation in response to a 67-N anterior tibial load was found to range from 1.9 to 2.4 mm, which was not significantly different from the sham-operated, contralateral control knee. In response to a 5-Nm valgus moment, however, MCL injury caused a 40% or more increase in valgus rotations over sham-operated controls for all angles of knee flexion tested. The magnitudes of the in situ forces in the healing MCLs for neither external loading conditions differed from sham-operated controls. For the structural properties of the healing FMTC, the stiffness returned to sham-operated control levels, but ultimate load at failure remained 60% of sham-operated control values. In terms of mechanical properties of the healing MCL, its tangent modulus and stress at failure were only 40% of sham-operated control values. Histologically, the collagen and cell organization at the femoral and tibial insertions as well as the midsubstance remained disorganized. Comparing these data to those previously reported at 6 weeks, there was a marked improvement in the in situ forces in the healing MCL and of the stiffness of the FMTC. Also, the data obtained for the goat model revealed a faster healing process than those for the rabbit model. These findings suggest that greater post-injury activity levels may render the goat to be a better animal model for studying the healing process of the MCL.
La loi des trois consonnes et la chute du cheva en québécois

A premiere vue, les regles qui regissent l’effacement du cheva en quebecois, tout particulierement dans les monosyllabes, paraissent tres complexes du fait qu’il existe tellement de situations diverses et variables dont on doit chercher a rendre compte. Cependant, si on etablit au prealable toutes les contraintes phonotactiques sur le nombre et le type de consonnes qui peuvent se succeder — une sorte de pendant a la soi-disant loi des trois consonnes du francais — on arrive a expliquer tout le processus de la chute du cheva d’une facon beaucoup plus simple, claire et economique.
Information systems innovation for environmental sustainability

Human life is dependent upon the natural environment, which, most would agree, is rapidly degrading. Business enterprises are a dominant form of social organization and contribute to the worsening, and enhancement, of the natural environment. Scholars in the administrative sciences examine questions spanning organizations and the natural environment but have largely omitted the information systems perspective. We develop a research agenda on information systems innovation for environmental sustainability that demonstrates the critical role that IS can play in shaping beliefs about the environment, in enabling and transforming sustainable processes and practices in organizations, and in improving environmental and economic performance. The belief-action-outcome (BAO) framework and associated research agenda provide the basis for a new discourse on IS for environmental sustainability.
Southern Ocean upper water column structure over the last 140 kyr with emphasis on the glacial terminations

Abstract We use δ18O and δ13C isotopic records from both shallow- and deep-dwelling planktonic foraminiferal species to describe the transition of surface water column structure over the last two glacial terminations in the Atlantic sector of the Southern Ocean between 41°S–50°S. The δ18O differences between deep- and shallow-dwelling foraminifera are typically less pronounced before and during a termination than they are following a termination. Additionally, δ13C minima occur during terminations that may be linked to changes in thermohaline circulation mode. These observations collectively point toward water column structural changes that vary from relatively unstratified to relatively stratified during the course of a typical climate transition. The data can potentially be explained by southward retreats of surface water masses that previously advanced to the north during a typical glacial (i.e. frontal migration). Some of the δ18O phenomena can also be explained by subduction, entrainment, and advection of continental ice meltwater from higher latitudes. In either case, the glacial subantarctic between 41°S–50°S was less thermally stratified than it is today.
Dissolution kinetics of high explosives particles in a saturated sandy soil.

Solid phase high explosive (HE) residues from munitions detonation may be a persistent source of soil and groundwater contamination at military training ranges. Saturated soil column tests were conducted to observe the dissolution behavior of individual components (RDX, HMX, and TNT) from two HE formulations (Comp B and C4). HE particles dissolved readily, with higher velocities yielding higher dissolution rates, higher mass transfer coefficients,and lower effluentconcentrations. Effluentconcentrations werebelowsolubility limitsforallcomponentsat superficialvelocitiesof10–50cmday � 1 .Undercontinuous flow at 50 cm day � 1 , RDX dissolution rates from Comp B and C4 were 34.6 and 97.6 A gh � 1 cm � 2 (based on initial RDXsurface area), respectively, significantly lower thanpreviously reported dissolution rates. Cycling between flow and no-flow conditions had a small effect on the dissolution rates and effluent concentrations; however, TNT dissolution from Comp B was enhanced under intermittent-flow conditions. A model that includesadvection,dispersion,andfilmtransfer resistancewasdevelopedtoestimatethesteady-stateeffluent concentrations.
Predictive value of ALT levels for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and advanced fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).

Background Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients with elevated serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) generally undergo a liver biopsy to evaluate for possible non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) or advanced fibrosis. However, patients with normal ALT could also have advanced stages of NAFLD. Aim To determine ALT value that will accurately predict NASH and advanced fibrosis using area under the receiver operating characteristics curve (AUROC) analysis. Methods Demographic, clinical and laboratory data of an ethnically diverse cohort of biopsy proven NAFLD patients were retrospectively analysed under univariate and multivariate analyses. Liver biopsies were scored using NASH clinical research network (NASH CRN) system. AUROC were performed for NAFLD Activity Score ≥5 (NASH) and fibrosis score ≥2 (advanced fibrosis). Results Two hundred and twenty-two patients were analysed. Fifty six (23%) had normal ALT. There was no difference in the rate of advanced fibrosis between normal and elevated ALT (26.8% vs. 18.1%, P = 0.19). However, significantly lower percentage of normal ALT group had NASH compared with elevated ALT group (10.7% vs. 28.9%, P < 0.01). Overall, 37.5% of normal ALT group had NASH or advanced fibrosis, whereas 53% of elevated ALT had no NASH or advanced fibrosis. Higher ALT values correlated with higher specificity, but lower sensitivity for both NASH and advanced fibrosis. AUROC for ALT level correlating NASH and advanced fibrosis were 0.62 and 0.46 respectively. Conclusion There is no optimal ALT level to predict NASH and advanced fibrosis. Metabolic risk factors should be evaluated to select patients for a liver biopsy to confirm NASH and advanced fibrosis.
The Aesthetic Construction of Darwin’s Theory

The nature and operation of natural selection are conveyed in the Origin of Species by two famous metaphors, whose history in Charles Darwin’s consciousness form the substance of this paper.1
Somatic mutations induced in stamen hairs of Tradescantia clone 02 by relativistic muons

(1974). Somatic Mutations Induced in Stamen Hairs of Tradescantia Clone 02 by Relativistic Muons. International Journal of Radiation Biology and Related Studies in Physics, Chemistry and Medicine: Vol. 25, No. 3, pp. 315-320.