cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emulation of anamorphic imaging on the SHARP extreme ultraviolet mask microscope

The SHARP high-numerical aperture actinic reticle review project is a synchrotron-based, extreme ultraviolet (EUV) microscope dedicated to photomask research. SHARP emulates the illumination and imaging conditions of current EUV lithography scanners and those several generations into the future. An anamorphic imaging optic with increased mask-side numerical aperture (NA) in the horizontal and increased demagnification in the vertical direction has been proposed to overcome limitations of current multilayer coatings and extend EUV lithography beyond 0.33 NA. Zoneplate lenses with an anamorphic 4×/8× NA of 0.55 are fabricated and installed in the SHARP microscope to emulate anamorphic imaging. SHARP’s Fourier synthesis illuminator with a range of angles exceeding the collected solid angle of the newly designed elliptical zoneplates can produce arbitrary angular source spectra matched to anamorphic imaging. A target with anamorphic dense features down to 50-nm critical dimension is fabricated using 40 nm of nickel as the absorber. In a demonstration experiment, anamorphic imaging at 0.55 4×/8× NA and 6 deg central ray angle (CRA) is compared with conventional imaging at 0.5 4× NA and 8 deg CRA. A significant contrast loss in horizontal features is observed in the conventional images. The anamorphic images show the same image quality in the horizontal and vertical directions.
Dynamic gain equalization for next-generation DWDM transport systems

There are a variety of technologies available for dynamic gain equalization. The highest capacity systems will probably require high-resolution units, but modest-resolution units may prove to be useful in for less demanding applications.
Your build data is precious, donźt waste it! leverage it to deliver great releases

Installers generate a huge amount of data such as product files, registries, signature bits, and permissions.Product stakeholders require the ability to compare the difference between two builds. Usually, this comparison is performed manually by deploying the builds every time such a comparison is required, followed by running some script or tool like Beyond Compare to evaluate the differences or verifying signing/registry or permission issues. The data is then stored in XLS or CSV files for further actions. The real problem occurs when a similar comparison needs to be accomplished for multiple builds in a release cycle. In this scenario, the above-mentioned process becomes extremely inefficient as it requires an enormous amount of time and is also prone to errors or faults. To solve this problem efficiently, we have developed a system that allows users to view their product’s structural changes and run comparisons across releases, builds and versions.
Gastric heterotopia in rectum: A literature review and its diagnostic pitfall.

Objectives:The term heterotopia, in pathology, refers to the presence of normal tissues at foreign sites. Gastric heterotopia has been reported anywhere in the gastrointestinal tract. However, the ...
The Truman Commission Report

In 1946, President Truman appointed a special commission to chart a new course for higher education in America. The document produced by this commission, commonly referred to as the Truman Commission Report (published in 1947 in six volumes), reimagined the role of higher education in American life in profound and enduring ways. This report is one of the most historically significant documents ever produced on the subject of higher education. It is also a foundational American document in a larger sense, as it speaks with unprecedented candor and eloquence about the nature of democracy and the ideals of equity and social justice in America.
Image-Induced Aggressive Display: Reinforcement in the Paradise Fish

A mirror presentation and the ensuing species-specific aggressive display served to reinforce the response of swimming through an aperture in paradise fish. Learning and extinction curves were shown with this type of reinforcement; however, non-contingent mirror presentations did not maintain performance. A declining trend in operant swimming performance with repeated image/display reinforcements reflected some habituation of the display.
Clinical outcomes of PCSK9Is: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials.

Background: Previous studies of proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors (PCSK9Is) were not designed to detect clinical benefit and were underpowered for this outcome. However, recently published trials reported improvement in clinical outcomes. The aim of this meta-analysis to assess the impact of PCSK9Is on clinical outcomes. Methods: Medline, Embase and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) were queried from January 2000 through March 2017. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing clinical outcomes in patients treated with PCSK9I versus control group were included. Two independent reviewers selected the studies and extracted data in duplicate. Random-effects meta-analysis was used to pool outcomes across studies. Study endpoints included: major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), myocardial infarction (MI), stroke, coronary revascularization, cardiovascular (CV) mortality and all-cause mortality. Results: A total of 62,776 patients (mean age 61 years, 73% were males) were included from six randomized clinical trials. In comparison to control group, PCSK9I use was associated with lower MACE (RR =0.81, 95% CI, 0.70–0.93, P=0.003), MI (RR =0.78, 95% CI, 0.63–0.97, P=0.03), stroke (RR =0.74, 95% CI, 0.64–0.87, P=0.0002) and coronary revascularization (RR =0.79, 95% CI, 0.73–0.86, P Conclusions: PCSK9Is should be strongly considered to improve clinical outcomes in patients at high risk for atherosclerotic CVD.
SIGNS: Uncovering the mechanisms by which messages in the linguistic landscape influence language/race ideologies and educational opportunities: Linguistics and education

Abstract The collocations “hidden agendas” and “implicit messages” are commonly used to describe the influence of our linguistic landscape (LL) on language ideologies and subsequent pedagogical decisions in schoolscapes. However, exactly how these messages wield such suggestive power has gone relatively unexplored. In this study, we introduce the Semiotic Index of Gains in Nature and Society (SIGNS), an example of a potential framework for LL analysis that investigates 1) historical and synchronic perspectives of place, 2) messages on syntagmatic and paradigmatic axes, 3) elective vs. circumstantial reverse indexicality, 4) societal myths (Barthes, 1972), and 5) messages as metonyms/metaphors. Using SIGNS, we analyze 30 school neighborhoods in an American Southwest border town and find that wealthier neighborhoods are more likely to have LLs indexed by Spanish than English, and these neighborhoods are subsequently more likely to support bilingual education. This research demonstrates how semiotics, bilingual education, and LL research can together provide for an interdisciplinary approach to better understanding specifically how and why our LLs are implicitly influential.
Ad-Hoc Means Necessity: An Assemblage Machine Infused with Paranoia for Generativity’s Sake

This chapter presents paranoia as a means to generativity. Through the paper’s form and content, Lucero leverages Deleuze and Guattari’s paranoiac machine and its state of nonterminating resistance to create a three-part paper that is a work of bricoleurmanship and a call to use ‘scary’ parameters to make critical works in the world. The first part of the paper is the watercolor images by Julio Cesar Morales that are interspersed throughout the arrangement. These are images of undocumented migrants smuggling themselves into the USA by lodging themselves into different car parts. The second part is a conversation performed as an artwork between Lucero and the artist Morales. This exchange unfolds as poem and as a proposition for how to generate work through limitations. And the final part is a text about how the paranoia about standardization, particularly in creative practices and it the education of art, can be understood as a means to make ‘newness’ not oppress it.
The Substrates of Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay in Caenorhabditis elegans

Nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) is a conserved pathway that strongly influences eukaryotic gene expression. Inactivating or inhibiting NMD affects the abundance of a substantial fraction of the transcriptome in numerous species. Transcripts whose abundance is altered in NMD-deficient cells may represent either direct substrates of NMD or indirect effects of inhibiting NMD. We present a genome-wide investigation of the direct substrates of NMD in Caenorhabditis elegans Our goals were (i) to identify mRNA substrates of NMD and (ii) to distinguish those mRNAs from others whose abundance is indirectly influenced by the absence of NMD. We previously demonstrated that Upf1p/SMG-2, the central effector of NMD in all studied eukaryotes, preferentially associates with mRNAs that contain premature translation termination codons. We used this preferential association to distinguish direct from indirect effects by coupling immunopurification of Upf1/SMG-2 with high-throughput mRNA sequencing of NMD-deficient mutants and NMD-proficient controls. We identify 680 substrates of NMD, 171 of which contain novel spliced forms that (i) include sequences of annotated introns and (ii) have not been previously documented in the C. elegans transcriptome. NMD degrades unproductively spliced mRNAs with sufficient efficiency in NMD-proficient strains that such mRNAs were not previously known. Two classes of genes are enriched among the identified NMD substrates: (i) mRNAs of expressed pseudogenes and (ii) mRNAs of gene families whose gene number has recently expanded in the C. elegans genome. Our results identify novel NMD substrates and provide a context for understanding NMD's role in normal gene expression and genome evolution.
Is Gambling an “Unproductive” Activity?

Among the criticisms of gambling and the casino industry is the claim that gambling is a waste of time, or worse a “directly unproductive profit-seeking” (DUP) activity. Clearly, gambling is a form of entertainment, like golf, tennis, snow skiing, or watching television and movies. Some gamblers may develop a gambling problem, and we should be concerned with that. But it is inappropriate to classify gambling by professionals, for example, as a wasteful activity.
Rigid fixation of phalangeal and metacarpal fractures.

SUMMARY Rational use of rigid fixation in hand surgery requires awareness of the advantages as well as the potential pitfalls of this relatively complex method of fracture management. A rational decision also necessitates familiarity with closed techniques of internal fixation which, in most cases, provide superior alternatives for the phalanges and metacarpals. The optimal application of screws, plates, and tension-band wires to small bone fractures can be ascertained only by critical assessment of large series of cases employing these devices and comparisons with similar series using other techniques of internal fixation. Nonetheless, rigid fixation is the logical choice for treatment of unstable fractures when other methods are predictably less effective. Injuries most suitable for screw or plate fixation include displaced phalangeal condylar fractures, irreducible oblique phalangeal fractures, irreducible transverse metacarpal fractures, disabling malunions, and nonunions requiring multiple adjunctive procedures. For selective fractures, especially those with established deformity or serious joint contractures, the capacity of rigid fixation to effect immediate skeletal stability and facilitate early digital motion can considerably enhance recovery. Complications are minimized by precision—in case selection and surgical techniques.
An in vitro approach for prioritization and evaluation of chemical effects on glucocorticoid receptor mediated adipogenesis.

Abstract Rising obesity rates worldwide have socio-economic ramifications. While genetics, diet, and lack of exercise are major contributors to obesity, environmental factors may enhance susceptibility through disruption of hormone homeostasis and metabolic processes. The obesogen hypothesis contends that chemical exposure early in development may enhance adipocyte differentiation, thereby increasing the number of adipocytes and predisposing for obesity and metabolic disease. We previously developed a primary human adipose stem cell (hASC) assay to evaluate the effect of environmental chemicals on PPARG-dependent adipogenesis. Here, the assay was modified to determine the effects of chemicals on the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) pathway. In differentiation cocktail lacking the glucocorticoid agonist dexamethasone (DEX), hASCs do not differentiate into adipocytes. In the presence of GR agonists, adipocyte maturation was observed using phenotypic makers for lipid accumulation, adipokine secretion, and expression of key genes. To evaluate the role of environmental compounds on adipocyte differentiation, progenitor cells were treated with 19 prioritized compounds previously identified by ToxPi as having GR-dependent bioactivity, and multiplexed assays were used to confirm a GR-dependent mode of action. Five chemicals were found to be strong agonists. The assay was also modified to evaluate GR-antagonists, and 8/10 of the hypothesized antagonists inhibited adipogenesis. The in vitro bioactivity data was put into context with extrapolated human steady state concentrations (Css) and clinical exposure data (Cmax). These data support using a human adipose-derived stem cell differentiation assay to test the potential of chemicals to alter human GR-dependent adipogenesis.
Global environmental vulnerability and the survival period of all living beings on earth

A mathematical comparison between global carbon emissions and sequestration rate has been performed, which demonstrated that global environment is currently experiencing severe vulnerability to survive all living being on earth. The annual global carbon emission rate has been calculated, considering all forms of carbon dioxide emission from burning fossil fuel, misuse of terrestrial land use along with other sources. Consequently, the global carbon sequestrations by all sources of ocean sink, terrestrial absorption, and the earth sink, and associated factors have also been calculated. This was performed in order to determine the atmospheric CO2 concentration level increasing comparing several years of data. The mathematical calculation revealed that presently atmospheric CO2 concentration is increasing at the rate of 2.11% ppm for that past several years. The 60,000 ppm CO2 concentration into the atmosphere is the toxic level at which all living beings to cause die in 30 minutes. Since atmospheric CO2 is increasing rapidly, thus, I have calculated the survival period of all living being on earth by expressing a simple equation: $$\int \nolimits_{{400^{{( {2.11\% })}} }}^{60,000} ( {2017}) = 121{,}017{,}711.2$$ which revealed that all living beings on earth will become extinct in 121,017,712 years if we do not reduce the current level of CO2 emission.
Acute kidney injury after implantation of a left ventricular assist device: a comparison of axial-flow (HeartMate II) and centrifugal-flow (HeartWare HVAD) devices

Continuous-flow left ventricular assist devices (CF-LVADs) are increasingly being used to treat advanced, refractory chronic heart failure. Herein, we sought to determine the incidence of postoperative acute kidney injury (AKI) in axial-flow (HeartMate II; HM-II) and centrifugal-flow (HVAD) CF-LVAD recipients, as well as the effect of AKI on mortality. The study cohort comprised 520 patients who received a HM-II (n = 398) or HVAD (n = 122) at our center between November 2003 and March 2016. Their records were reviewed to determine the incidence of RIFLE-defined AKI after LVAD implantation. We compared the perioperative characteristics, postoperative complications, and survival rates of the patients with and without AKI and differentiated the outcomes based on device type (HM-II or HVAD). Seventy-five patients (14.4%) developed AKI postoperatively. Patients with AKI after LVAD implantation had significantly reduced survival compared to patients without AKI (p = 0.01). Cox proportional hazards models showed that AKI was a significant independent predictor of mortality (HR = 1.54, p = 0.03). Preoperative mechanical circulatory support and prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass time were independent predictors of AKI. The incidence of AKI was similar for HM-II and HVAD recipients (p = 0.25). There was no significant difference in AKI rates for the HM-II and HVAD recipients. Developing AKI adversely affected survival.
Genitourinary trauma in children

More children die from trauma than from any single disease. In children who sustain multiple injuries, urinary tract trauma is second only to trauma to the central nervous system. Most pediatric trauma is associated with vehicular and pedestrian accidents. However, the increased participation in contact sports and awareness of sports medicine injuries have increased the relative frequency and detection of sports-related injuries as well. Also, the urologist is frequently involved with, and may be legally responsible for, evaluation of children in possible abusive situations. The authors emphasize genitourinary injuries unique to the pediatric age group and update controversies in the management of more complex urologic injuries. Language: en
Polyamines in Pulmonary Vascular Biology

Polyamines are essential for cell growth and development. They regulate many functions, including cell division, migration, ion channel regulation, apoptosis, and the cellular synthesis of DNA, RNA, and proteins. A recent review on the roles of polyamines in the lung emphasized studies on respiratory cell biology and polyamine uptake (1). The primary goal of this chapter is to review evidence that polyamines contribute to phenotypical changes in pulmonary vascular cells that underlie the pathogenesis of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Because arginases can regulate polyamines, their potential role in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and asthma also will be reviewed. The data suggest polyamines may be future therapeutic targets for pulmonary hypertension, although clinical trials measuring polyamines and their regulation are lacking.
Critical Success Factors of Enterprise Performance Excellence

There are a wide variety of ways to structure an organization’s Enterprise Performance Excellence program. This chapter describes practical guidance based on the literature and the author’s experience for designing your Enterprise Performance Excellence program to help enhance the success of the program.
Evaluation of hyperspectral image classification using random forest and fukunaga-koontz transform

Since hyperspectral imagery (HSI) (or remotely sensed data) provides more information (or additional bands) than traditional gray level and color images, it can be used to improve the performance of image classification applications. A hyperspectral image presents spectral features (also called spectral signature) of regions in the image as well as spatial features. Feature reduction, selection, and transformation has been a challenging problem for hyperspectral image classification due to the high number of dimensions. In this paper, we firstly use Random Forest (RF) algorithm to select significant features and then apply Kernel Fukunaga Koontz Transform (K-FKT), a non-linear statistical technique, for the classification. We provide our experimental results on AVIRIS hyperspectral image dataset that contains various types of field crops. In our experimental results, we have obtained overall classification accuracy around 84 percent for the classification of 16 types of field crops.
Stochastic Variation in Avian Survival Rates: Life-History Predictions, Population Consequences, and the Potential Responses to Human Perturbations and Climate Change

Stochastic variation in survival rates is expected to decrease long-term population growth rates. This expectation influences both life-history theory and the conservation of species. From this expectation, Pfister (1998) developed the important life-history prediction that natural selection will have minimized variability in those elements of the annual life cycle (such as adult survival rate) with high sensitivity. This prediction has not been rigorously evaluated for bird populations, in part due to statistical difficulties related to variance estimation. I here overcome these difficulties, and in an analysis of 62 populations, I confirm her prediction by showing a negative relationship between the proportional sensitivity (elasticity) of adult survival and the proportional variance (CV) of adult survival. However, several species deviated significantly from this expectation, with more process variance in survival than predicted. For instance, projecting the magnitude of process variance in annual survival for American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla) for 25 years resulted in a 44% decline in abundance without assuming any change in mean survival rate. For most of these species with high process variance, recent changes in harvest, habitats, or changes in climate patterns are the likely sources of environmental variability causing this variability in survival. Because of climate change, environmental variability is increasing on regional and global scales, which is expected to increase stochasticity in vital rates of species. Increased stochasticity in survival will depress population growth rates, and this result will magnify the conservation challenges we face.
Mycoremediation of Copper: Exploring the Metal Tolerance of Brown Rot Fungi

In recent decades, fungal roles in bioremediation of toxic contaminants such as potentially toxic elements (PTEs) residing in soil, waste water, and landfills have been studied. Bioremediation is an alternative way to deal with toxic contaminants in the environment. Some decay fungi are able to remove metals by producing metabolites, such as oxalate, which can react with metal ions and generate insoluble forms of metal:crystal complexes. Brown-rot fungi have the ability to produce extracellular oxalate in significant amounts, and this is closely related to chelation of copper by precipitating to copper oxalate crystals. Copper-tolerant brown-rot fungi have a potential role in a bioremediation system by depolymerizing the structure of wood treated with copper-based wood preservatives and adapting to copper through increased oxalate production and formation of copper oxalate crystals. The focus of this review is to suggest that copper-tolerant brown-rot fungi could be a viable option for use in future mycoremediation practices.
Introduction to the Peabody Journal of Education 93(4): Tensions Between School Choice and Neighborhood Schools Research

School choice’s effects on neighborhood schools and school diversity is one of the most hotly debated topics in education reform today. This issue of the Peabody Journal of Education tackles the te...
An experimental test of end-fire synthetic aperture sonar for sediment acoustics studies

Seafloor sediment acoustic returns are comprised of scattering from both the interface and sediment volume. At low-frequencies, volume scattering is often the dominant mechanism; however, direct measurements of this component have rarely been made, due to interface roughness biasing caused by large beamwidths. End-fire synthetic aperture sonar (SAS) can achieve narrower beamwidths by coherently combining multiple acoustic returns as a vertically oriented transmitter and/or receiver is moved towards the seafloor. Beam pattern simulations suggest end-fire SAS can reduce the beamwidth of a sonar by a factor of 6 with an array length of 100 wavelengths. Achieving these gains is dependent on the ability to resolve relative sonar motion to at least an eighth of a wavelength. This talk will present results from an end-fire SAS field trial. Results will include an analysis of beamwidth gains achieved during the end-fire SAS field test and methods to improve these gains by using the scattered field to refine sonar positions.
Distributed Learning of Mode Shapes in Power System Models

We address the problem of distributed estimation of eigenvectors for power system models using online phasor measurements. The power system is considered to be divided into a set of non-overlapping areas, each of which is equipped with a local estimator. Online measurements of bus voltage and current phasors are first used to generate estimates of the generator states in each area using decentralized Kalman filters. Thereafter, these estimates are used for identifying a reduced-order model of the system in a completely distributed way by sharing state information between the estimators over a strongly connected communication graph. The identified model is then utilized to estimate its right eigenvectors over the same distributed graph. Results are validated using a 50-bus power system model with four areas.
The High Energy Cost of Theta–Gamma Activity during REM Sleep

The occurrence of wake-like electroencephalography (EEG) traces during rapid-eye movement sleep (REM) has intrigued scientists for decades. A recent study by Bergel et al. (Nat. Commun. 2018;9;5364) imaged brain-wide hemodynamics in rats during wakefulness and sleep. The findings suggest that brain energy expenditure is highest during REM because of heightened theta and gamma activity.
Univ. of Paderborn’s PARBUS System

The University of Paderborn’s PARBUS system includes scheduling, partitioning, and data path synthesis. The system is aimed at producing designs with two partitioned buses.
Negotiating collaboration and commodification: the social media logic of co-design on Pinterest

ABSTRACTThis study presents an empirical case focused on the co-design activities of professional designers and client-stakeholders in the context of the social media platform Pinterest. Overall, t...
Kinetic hydricity of silane hydrides in the gas phase

Herein, gas phase studies of the kinetic hydricity of a series of silane hydrides are described. An understanding of hydricity is important as hydride reactions figure largely in many processes, including organic synthesis, photoelectrocatalysis, and hydrogen activation. We find that hydricity trends in the gas phase differ from those in solution, revealing the effect of solvent. Calculations and further experiments, including H/D studies, were used to delve into the reactivity and structure of the reactants. These studies also represent a first step toward systematically understanding nucleophilicity and electrophilicity in the absence of solvent.
Platinum Oxide Nanoparticles for Electrochemical Hydrogen Evolution: Influence of Platinum Valence State

Electrochemical hydrogen generation is a rising prospect for future renewable energy storage and conversion. Platinum remains a leading choice of catalyst, but because of its high cost and low natural abundance, it is critical to optimize its use. In the present study, platinum oxide nanoparticles of approximately 2 nm in diameter are deposited on carbon nitride (C3N4) nanosheets by thermal refluxing of C3N4 and PtCl2 or PtCl4 in water. These nanoparticles exhibit apparent electrocatalytic activity toward the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) in acid. Interestingly, the HER activity increases with increasing Pt4+ concentration in the nanoparticles, and the optimized catalyst even outperforms commercial Pt/C, exhibiting an overpotential of only -7.7 mV to reach the current density of 10 mA cm-2 and a Tafel slope of -26.3 mV dec-1 . The results from this study suggest that the future design of platinum oxide catalysts should strive to maximize the Pt4+ sites and minimize the formation of the less active Pt2+ species.
Limit cycles and their period detection via numeric and symbolic hybrid computations

Abstract Computing the attracting cycles via iterations near bifurcation parameters for the logistic map could be misleading for the beginner. The matter is the recognition of numerical convergence when it is not ultimately monotone, thereby the true length of the limiting cycle as opposed to the impression of a double length. Among the tools used are Grobner basis, Mathematica calculations, and symbolic dynamics (word-lifting). We compute all the 209 superstable points of period length ≤ 11. We also obtain the degree of these algebraic integers. Such computer-assisted proofs are of philosophical interest too. The realization of a 5-periodicity as covered in this paper may resemble the discovery of quasicrystals, a topic we briefly mention. Both share the symbolic dynamics aspect of self-similarity. Finally, for the antisymmetric cubic map we calculate some singly and some doubly superstable parameters.
Design for a source-agile automatic direction finder (ADF)

The design is intended for aircraft although any vehicle or even a man-mobile system could use the concept. An automatically reconfigurable antenna using MEMS RF switches is driven to seek signals consistent with the current location of the system. The antenna feeds a Software Defined Radio (SDR) that scans for signals and when a signal is found, it is identified and then the azimuth to the signal is used, along with a signal strength parameter, to confirm the location of the system. This is an extension of the now obsolete Automatic Direction Finder (ADF) aircraft navigation tool that used AM broadcast non-directional beacons (NDB), many of which are still in service. The current system can access any radio signal within the limits of the reconfigurable antenna and the SDR.
P-002 Single shot intra-aortic angiography for whole brain vascular and perfusion imaging utilizing a hybrid CT-angiography suite – potential application in endovascular stroke therapy

Objective To report the feasibility of a combined imaging and treatment strategy for acute ischemic stroke (AIS) utilizing a hybrid CT-Angiography suite. Methods A descriptive case report covering the technical aspects of whole-brain vascular and perfusion imaging with a single intra-aortic injection of 7 ml of iodinated contrast for suspected large vessel occlusion (LVO). Results A middle-aged man was transferred after 20-hours with a suspected LVO on imaging. The NIHSS was 12 with right sided hemiplegia and slurred speech. A 5F pigtail catheter was placed in the aortic arch in the hybrid interventional (AlphenixTM) and CT (GenesisTM Aquilion One) suite (Canon Medical Systems, Tustin, CA). A 2-second, intra-aortic injection was performed with 20 ml of 30% contrast-saline mixture at 10 ml/s. Simultaneous triggering of the continuous CT volumetric acquisition was performed with a peak of 80 KVP at a constant 320 mAmp. Volumetric angiography reconstruction of the data set was performed at 0.3s interval (320 images, 0.5 mm thickness with 16cm of coverage). The 12-second single acquisition generated a non-contrast CT of the brain, multiphase angiography at 3 frames/second and whole-brain perfusion imaging (figure 1). The non-contrast CT showed patchy infarcts. The angiography showed a sub-occlusive left MCA thrombus with good collaterals. The perfusion imaging showed matched defects corresponding to the infarcts but no significant penumbral tissue. A standard selective left internal carotid artery catheter angiography confirmed the sub-occlusive thrombus and good collaterals. Repeat on table clinical exam had improved from admission. Given the sub-occlusive thrombus, good collaterals and no at-risk ischemic tissue on perfusion – thrombectomy was not performed. Conclusion Rapid assessment of suspected LVO with simultaneous treatment is feasible in select stroke patients, e.g. transfers, using a hybrid CT-Angiography suite and direct intra-aortic diluted contrast injection. An intra-arterial injection gives superior signal-to-noise ratio and temporal resolution than intravenous injection. Immediate thrombectomy following the acquisition in the same room can shorten door to recanalization times. Disclosures A. Rai: 2; C; Stryker, Microvention, Cerenovus. A. Tarabishy: None. S. Boo: 2; C; STRYKER.
Synthesis of Spirocyclic 1‐Pyrrolines from Nitrones and Arynes through a Dearomative [3,3′]‐Sigmatropic Rearrangement

A dearomative [3,3']-sigmatropic rearrangement that converts N-alkenylbenzisoxazolines into spirocyclic pyrroline cyclohexadienones has been developed by using the dipolar cycloaddition of an N-alkenylnitrone and an aryne to access these unusual transient rearrangement precursors. This cascade reaction affords spirocyclic pyrrolines that are inaccessible through dipolar cycloadditions of exocyclic cyclohexenones and provides a fundamentally new approach to novel spirocyclic pyrroline and pyrrolidine motifs that are common scaffolds in biologically-active molecules. Diastereoselective functionalization processes have also been explored to demonstrate the divergent synthetic utility of the unsaturated spirocyclic products.
Genome-wide admixture mapping of DSM-IV alcohol dependence, criterion count, and the self-rating of the effects of ethanol in African American populations

African Americans (AA) have lower prevalence of alcohol dependence and higher subjective response to alcohol than European Americans. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genes/variants associated with alcohol dependence specifically in AA; however, the sample sizes are still not large enough to detect variants with small effects. Admixture mapping is an alternative way to identify alcohol dependence genes/variants that may be unique to AA. In this study, we performed the first admixture mapping of DSM-IV alcohol dependence diagnosis, DSM-IV alcohol dependence criterion count, and two scores from the self-rating of effects of ethanol (SRE) as measures of response to alcohol: the first five times of using alcohol (SRE-5) and average of SRE across three times (SRE-T). Findings revealed a region on chromosome 4 that was genome-wide significant for SRE-5 (p value = 4.18E-05). Fine mapping did not identify a single causal variant to be associated with SRE-5; instead, conditional analysis concluded that multiple variants collectively explained the admixture mapping signal. PPARGC1A, a gene that has been linked to alcohol consumption in previous studies, is located in this region. Our finding suggests that admixture mapping is a useful tool to identify genes/variants that may have been missed by current GWAS approaches in admixed populations.
Transcriptomic and Epigenetic Preservation of Genetic Sex Identity in Estrogen-feminized Male Chicken Embryonic Gonads

Whereas in ovo exposure of genetically male (ZZ) chicken embryos to exogenous estrogens temporarily feminizes gonads at the time of hatching, the morphologically ovarian ZZ-gonads (FemZZs for feminized ZZ gonads) are masculinized back to testes within 1 year. To identify the feminization-resistant "memory" of genetic male sex, FemZZs showing varying degrees of feminization were subjected to transcriptomic, DNA methylome, and immunofluorescence analyses. Protein-coding genes were classified based on their relative mRNA expression across normal ZZ-testes, genetically female (ZW) ovaries, and FemZZs. We identified a group of 25 genes that were strongly expressed in both ZZ-testes and FemZZs but dramatically suppressed in ZW-ovaries. Interestingly, 84% (21/25) of these feminization-resistant testicular marker genes, including the DMRT1 master masculinizing gene, were located in chromosome Z. Expression of representative marker genes of germline cells (eg, DAZL or DDX4/VASA) was stronger in FemZZs than normal ZZ-testes or ZW-ovaries. We also identified 231 repetitive sequences (RSs) that were strongly expressed in both ZZ-testes and FemZZs, but these RSs were not enriched in chromosome Z. Although 94% (165/176) of RSs exclusively expressed in ZW-ovaries were located in chromosome W, no feminization-inducible RS was detected in FemZZs. DNA methylome analysis distinguished FemZZs from normal ZZ- and ZW-gonads. Immunofluorescence analysis of FemZZ gonads revealed expression of DMRT1 protein in medullary SOX9+ somatic cells and apparent germline cell populations in both medulla and cortex. Taken together, our study provides evidence that both somatic and germline cell populations in morphologically feminized FemZZs maintain significant transcriptomic and epigenetic memories of genetic sex.
Aristotle East and West : metaphysics and the division of Christendom

This book traces the development of conceptions of God and the relationship between God's being and activity from Aristotle, through the pagan Neoplatonists, to thinkers such as Augustine, Boethius and Aquinas (in the West) and Dionysius the Areopagite, Maximus the Confessor and Gregory Palamas (in the East). The result is a comparative history of philosophical thought in the two halves of Christendom, providing a philosophical backdrop to the schism between the Eastern and Western Churches.
A Case of Esmolol-Induced False-Positive Amphetamine Urine Drug Test.

False-positive urine drug screens can occur and lead to implicit bias. Confirmatory testing with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry can be performed. A morbidly obese patient with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation spent multiple days in the cardiac intensive care unit (ICU) due to a false-positive test for methamphetamine. The patient was planned to undergo direct cardioversion with conscious-sedation anesthesia. His care was delayed because anesthesia was not comfortable administering sedatives in the setting of a positive urine drug screen for presumed methamphetamine use. Knowing that esmolol can cause a false positive on urine drug screen is imperative for delivering the best patient-centered care.
A Racism Burnout: My Life as a Black Academic:

The author explores within the context of academia the interpersonal and structural dynamics that underpin the systemic racism to which the Black Lives Matter movement responds.
Association of Delaying School Start Time With Sleep–Wake Behaviors Among Adolescents

Abstract Purpose Few adolescents spend enough time asleep on school nights. This problem could be addressed by delaying high school start times, but does this translate to reduced prevalence of sleep–wake problems like awakening too early or feeling sleepy during the day? Methods The START study (n = 2,414) followed a cohort of students from five Minnesota high schools to evaluate impacts of school start time delays. Participants were enrolled in ninth grade (Baseline) when all schools started early (7:30 or 7:45 a.m. ). At Follow-Up 1 (10th grade) and Follow-Up 2 (11th grade), two schools had delayed their start times by 50 and 65 minutes while three comparison schools started at 7:30 a.m. Six sleep–wake behaviors were assessed at all three time points via survey. Generalized estimating equation models were used to investigate changes in sleep–wake problems between policy change and comparison schools. Results The prevalence of sleep–wake problems at Baseline ranged from 11% for being late to class due to oversleeping to 48% for needing to be told to wake multiple times in the morning. Compared to students from comparison schools, students at policy change schools reported smaller increases in the prevalence of feeling sleepy daily and oversleeping and being late to class between 9th and 11th grade. After implementation of the delayed start, awakening too early was more common among students at policy change schools compared to the comparison schools. Conclusions This longitudinal study provides evidence that delaying high school start times reduces daytime sleepiness and school tardiness.
Research on Grid High Voltage Harmonic Detection Based on Ubiquitous Power Wireless Network

The intelligent optimized operation of the power grid depends on the ubiquitous perception of the system and complete and correct data support, which is also the most basic requirement that the ubiquitous power Internet of Things perception layer must meet. In the application of ubiquitous power Internet of Things, obtaining complete and correct measurement data is the basis for managing power quality problems. However, in the entire link of the actual grid collection and transmission, data defects will inevitably occur. Based on the background of the ubiquitous power Internet of Things wireless network, the paper adopts the idea of modular programming and divides it into three modules: frequency measurement sampling, waveform display and harmonic display according to the performance indicators of the harmonic analyser. It can measure the frequency of the input AC voltage, perform AC synchronous sampling of the input voltage according to the measured frequency, and display the waveform of the input voltage; and then calculate the harmonics of each order through the FFT algorithm. The simulation found that the proposed control strategy significantly improved the harmonic current content than the traditional d-q positive and negative sequence decoupling control.
Trends and perspectives in applied mathematics

This will be the 100th volume of the Applied Mathematical Sciences series. In order to mark the occasion, this special volume has been created which will impact in an important way on the community that practices and is served by applied mathematics. Ten leading figures in the field present their own perspective of applied mathematics. The articles that are collected in this volume bear testimony to both the vitality and diversity of the subject. The contributors included here are: V.I. Arnol'd, Peter Constantin, Mitchell J. Feigenbaum, Martin Golubitsky, Daniel D. Joseph, Leo P. Kadanoff, Heinz-Otto Kreiss, H.P. McKean, Jerrold Marsden, and Roger Temam. The articles cover such topics as: mathematical problems in classical physics; geometric and analytic studies in turbulence; viscous and viscoelastic potential flow; difference methods for time dependent partial differential equations; geometric mechanics, stability and control. This special volume will be dedicated to Fritz John. John is one of the earliest advisors for the Springer- Verlag mathematics program, which includes his capacity as a series editor for the Applied Mathematical Sciences series. This volume appears in his honor.
Natural Selection and Random Variation in Human Evolution

Ever since science or its predecessor, philosophy, have considered the problem of human variation, there have been two opposing explanations. One can be termed deterministic or causal in that it attempts to relate human variation to some environmental determinant. Today, this kind of interpretation would most likely fall under the rubric of natural selection or adaptation. The other explanation tends to be nondeterministic in the sense that it relies on historical factors or happenstance. Today, this alternative would be concerned with or based on some form of random genetic drift, but generally drift is used as a more sophisticated model to justify the old practice of taxonomy. Hence the old nonadaptive traits and survivals are now marker genes and neutral amino acid substitutions.
Causal Factors of Smokeless Tobacco Use among College Students: A Literature Review

Objectives: This paper presents a literature review that explores the causal factors of smokeless tobacco use among college students in the United States. Methods: A literature search was conducted among national and international peer-reviewed literature in the following databases: Academic Search Premier, CINAHL Plus with Full Text, Education Resource Information Center (ERIC), MEDLINE, and PsycARTICLES. A manual search was performed to obtain relevant articles within selected journals. Results: Of the five reviewed studies, three indicated that participation in intercollegiate sports is a causal factor that has a significant relationship with smokeless tobacco use among college students. Two of the reviewed studies provided evidence that peer influence is closely related to smokeless tobacco use among college students. Finally, one of the reviewed studies showed that school type was also an important casual factor relating to college students' smokeless tobacco use. Conclusion: The findings from this literature review indicate that future smokeless tobacco use prevention efforts targeting college students might benefit from incorporating intercollegiate sports participation, peer influence, and school type into multicomponent programs that focus on the different causal factors.
Impact of income-detection technology and other factors on aggregate income tax evasion:the case of the United States

This study empirically investigates the impact of improving income-detectiontechnology, as well as a variety of other factors, on aggregate income taxevasion. The study focuses on the U.S., using available data for the 1975-97 period. The empirical findings indicate that improving income-detection technology appears to have significantly reduced the degree of aggregate income-tax evasion in theU.S. over time. In addition, the estimates indicate that federal income tax evasionappears to be an increasing function not only of the federal personal income tax rate but also of the public's dissatisfaction with government. Furthermore, income taxevasion appears to be a decreasing function both of penalties imposed by the IRS on unpaid taxes and IRS audit rates. JEL Codes: H24, H26, H31 Keywords: Evasion, Income Tax Evasion, Income Tax, Tax Evasion, Tax
Making the Case for Conflict Bifurcation in Afghanistan: Transnational Armed Conflict, Al Qaeda, and the Limits of the Associated Militia Concept

In response to the terror attacks of September 11th, 2001, the United States launched Operation Enduring Freedom to disable al Qaeda capabilities in Afghanistan and to oust the Taliban regime that provided safe haven to al Qaeda. This military operation triggered a flurry of debate over the proper legal classification for this armed conflict. Although the United States initially asserted the conflict was not international in character because Afghanistan was a failed state, it ultimately reversed this position and acknowledged that at least with respect to Taliban forces it was engaged in an international armed conflict. However, the classification of the conflict against al Qaeda in Afghanistan remained unclear. While most experts did then and continue to assert that operations directed against al Qaeda are subsumed within the broader armed conflict against Afghanistan, the United States never expressly adopted this proposition. Instead, the decisions related to the status of captured al Qaeda personnel indicated that the United States considered the conflict between it an al Qaeda distinct from the conflict with the Taliban.This article will consider the viability of this bifurcated armed conflict approach to operations in Afghanistan, and will challenge the assumption that the geographic continuity of military operations against the Taliban and al Qaeda in Afghanistan mandate that these armed conflicts be treated as unitary. This challenge will be based on two primary arguments. First, that it is conceptually possible for the United States to engage in a distinct non-international armed conflict with al Qaeda. Second, that the spirit and purpose of the "associated militia" provisions of the law of armed conflict do not automatically justify a unitary conflict conclusion for al Qaeda forces in Afghanistan simply because operations of these forces were geographically and at times tactically contiguous with operations of Taliban forces. The article will conclude by considering why characterizing military operations directed against transnational terrorist groups like al Qaeda as armed conflict is a more legitimate and pragmatic approach to the legal regulation of such operations than denying such operations are armed conflicts and instead characterizing them as extraterritorial law enforcement operations.