cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Early Predictors of Corticosteroid Treatment Failure in Icteric Presentations of Autoimmune Hepatitis

Autoimmune hepatitis (AIH) typically responds to treatment in 90% of patients. Early prediction of treatment outcome would be advantageous in clinical practice. We evaluated whether parameters at initiation of therapy or changes in these parameters at day 3 and day 7 following corticosteroid initiation predicted treatment failure. Treatment-naive, jaundiced patients presenting to our tertiary unit between 1999-2009 were identified and mathematical models of prognosis in liver disease scores calculated at day 0, day 3, and day 7. Overall, 72 patients were identified (48 women, 24 men). Treatment failure occurred in 18% (13/72) of patients. At diagnosis, higher median bilirubin (451 μmol/L versus 262 μmol/L, P = 0.02), INR (1.62 versus 1.33, P = 0.005), model for endstage liver (MELD) score (26 versus 20, P = 0.02), MELD-sodium (Na) score (27 versus 22, P = 0.03) and United Kingdom endstage liver disease score (UKELD) score (59 versus 57, P = 0.01) significantly correlated with treatment failure. Analysis of area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUROC) values at day 7 identified change (Δ) bilirubin (AUROC 0.68), Δ creatinine (0.69), Δ MELD (0.79), Δ MELD-Na (0.83) and Δ UKELD (0.83) best predicted treatment failure. Specifically, a fall in UKELD of less than 2 points predicted treatment failure with a sensitivity of 85% and specificity of 68%. Of 13 treatment failures, nine required second-line immunosuppression, three required emergency transplant, and one died of sepsis. In total, four patients died in the treatment failure group compared with one in the responder group (4/13 = 31% versus 1/59 = 1.7%, P = 0.003). Conclusion: Approximately 20% of icteric AIH presentations fail corticosteroid therapy. This is associated with significant mortality and the need for emergency transplantation. Treatment failure is best predicted by change in MELD-Na and UKELD at day 7. Early identification of nonresponders may allow timely escalation of immunosuppression to prevent clinical deterioration. (HEPATOLOGY 2011;)
VitaPad: visualization tools for the analysis of pathway data

Motivation: Packages that support the creation of pathway diagrams are limited by their inability to be readily extended to new classes of pathway-related data. Results: VitaPad is a cross-platform application that enables users to create and modify biological pathway diagrams and incorporate microarray data with them. It improves on existing software in the following areas: (i) It can create diagrams dynamically through graph layout algorithms. (ii) It is open-source and uses an open XML format to store data, allowing for easy extension or integration with other tools. (iii) It features a cutting-edge user interface with intuitive controls, high-resolution graphics and fully customizable appearance. Availability: http://bioinformatics.med.yale.edu Contacts:matthew.holford@yale.edu; hongyu.zhao@yale.edu
Model Simulation of the Cretaceous Ocean Circulation

Three-dimensional numerical ocean circulation model experiments that were designed to evaluate the circulation characteristics for the mid-Cretaceous (∼100 million years ago) show that the primary direction of flow through the Tethys Ocean was eastward; in contrast, a westward flowing circumglobal Tethys current has been a consistent feature of earlier reconstructions of Cretaceous ocean circulation. The model studies demonstrate that (i) ocean circulation is sufficiently sensitive to the role of continental positions, sea level, and climate to limit the application of modern analogs to past circulations, and (ii) reconstructions based on limited biogeographic data may not provide unique surface circulation patterns.
A history of tillage in California’s Central Valley

Abstract The Central Valley (CV) of California is a remarkably productive agricultural region. Much of the productive capacity of the CV stems from the reliable tillage management systems that were developed beginning in the 1930s and that changed very little until the 1990s and even more dramatically in the 2000s. A variety of technologies, people and social networks have contributed to the major transformations in tillage management that have rapidly occurred during this recent time. Factors that influenced the prior slow evolution of tillage systems in the region include the need to find ways to farm with irrigation, cope with a broad range of soils, achieve high crop quality and yields to compete on world markets, expand farming operations to greater acreage, and find ways to farm with ever-increasing costs. The cost increases, recognition of the emerging concepts of conservation agriculture (CA), and the development and broader adoption of advanced irrigation systems are now spurring farmers and research organizations in the CV to overcome problems experienced with conventional tillage practices and to develop new cropping systems in the region including no-tillage and strip-tillage. Ultimately, broader adoption of conservation agriculture principles and practices in this region will stem from a diverse and complex set of motivating factors. The role of global farmer-to-farmer communication has had a major impact on this process. Ongoing targeted problem-solving efforts addressing weed, water and fertility management in conservation agriculture systems will be needed to make them more reliable and widely used.
Permissive beliefs and attitudes about older adult suicide: a suicide enabling script?

Objectives: In the United States, suicide rates are highest among European American older adults. This phenomenon calls attention to cultural factors, specifically, the suicide beliefs and attitudes of European Americans. Beliefs and attitudes matter in the vulnerability to suicide. As predicted by cultural scripts of suicide theory, suicide is most likely among individuals and in communities where it is expected and is most acceptable. This study examined beliefs about the precipitants of, and protectors against older adult suicide, as well as suicide attitudes, in a predominantly European American community.Design and Methods: Two hundred and fifty-five older adults (86% European American) and 281 younger adults (81% European American) indicated what they thought were the most likely older adult suicide precipitants and protectors, and their opinion about older adult suicide, depending on precipitant.Results: Health problems were the most endorsed older adult suicide precipitants. Suicide precipitated b...
Authenticity attenuates the negative effects of interpersonal conflict on daily well-being

Prior research has established a consistent relationship between felt authenticity and greater psychological and physical well-being. Nevertheless, a number of important questions remain regarding the role of authenticity in shaping individuals’ responses to stressful events in daily life. Interpersonal conflict in particular, has been established as one of the strongest contributors to daily stress, and a number of prior studies suggest that the negative effects of interpersonal conflict may be moderated by personality factors. The present work used a diary design to examine the role of trait authenticity in buffering individuals from the negative effects of interpersonal conflict. More importantly, we show that the protective role of trait authenticity functions independently from the previously established effects of agreeableness and neuroticism.
Childhood Interstitial Lung Disease

Childhood interstitial lung diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of disorders characterized by common clinical features and diffuse radiographic abnormalities. There are important differences between the types and prognosis of ILD in children than in adults. Additionally, several unique disease entities occur only in infants and young children, including pulmonary interstitial glycogenosis, neuroendocrine cell hyperplasia of infancy, and some disorders affecting lung development. The approach to diagnosis depends on the age of presentation and clinical severity, and may include laboratory investigations, genetic testing, pulmonary function testing, chest HRCT scanning, bronchoscopy, and surgical lung biopsy. Establishing a specific etiology of ILD can have profound management and prognostic implications.
Naturalizing Korean ethnicity and making ‘ethnic’ difference: a comparison of North Korean settlement and foreign bride incorporation policies in South Korea

This article compares North Korean immigrants and foreign bride policies in South Korea. Despite being constructed as distinctive policy target groups, North Korean settlement and foreign bride incorporation policies exhibit striking similarities. The similarities result from the way policy problems are identified and certain solutions are justified; both North Korean immigrants and foreign brides are constructed a burden on welfare and as potential threats to social stability. Policy solutions are justified as they are designed to transform North Korean immigrants and foreign brides into ‘normal’ South Korean citizens. The major difference between two sets of policies lies in assumptions regarding cultural differences. Foreign brides are assumed to carry practices that are foreign and alien to Koreans, while North Korean immigrants are presumed to carry ‘authentic’ and ‘traditional’ Korean culture. Foreign brides’ cultures are visible and alien to South Koreans, and therefore are addressed under the bann...
The Perceived Impact of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act on North Carolina's Free Clinics.

BACKGROUND The Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act of 2010 (ACA) may dramatically affect the demographics of the uninsured population and the funding prospects for free health clinics. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 64 of 80 free clinics (80.0% response rate) in North Carolina to assess free clinic directors' knowledge of the ACA and their perceptions of how the ACA would affect clinic operations. RESULTS Free clinic directors were knowledgeable about well publicized aspects of the ACA (eg, lack of Medicaid expansion in North Carolina), but they were less knowledgeable about provisions such as the Federal Tort Claims Act and high-risk pools, which may have direct and indirect effects on free clinics. Directors expressed concern over the unintended consequences of the ACA, such as reduced funding and reduced volunteerism. Anticipated clinic changes as a result of the ACA include initiation of electronic medical records and, to a lesser extent, a move to become "hybrid" clinics (federally qualified health center look-alikes). LIMITATIONS This study is focused on North Carolina free clinics that are members of the North Carolina Association of Free Clinics (NCAFC). Findings cannot be generalized to non-NCAFC free clinics or to free clinic networks outside the state. CONCLUSIONS Despite its effort to expand health insurance coverage, the ACA may have unintended consequences to low-cost free clinics that serve uninsured populations.
Choroidal Metastatasis From a Neuroendocrine Tumor Masquerading as Choroidal Melanoma

A mushroom-shaped choroidal mass is classically suggestive of melanoma, due to the ability of these tumors to erupt through Bruch's membrane. In contrast, choroidal metastases rarely adopt this growth pattern. The authors present an unusual case of a patient with a large choroidal metastasis from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor that shows a collar-button configuration. The diagnosis was confirmed by histology and immunohistochemistry following enucleation. The authors review the typical appearance of choroidal metastases from neuroendocrine tumors and discuss mechanisms by which uveal tumors may extend through Bruch's membrane.
Effects of Future Traffic on the National Airspace System

This paper presents a sensitivity analysis that was performed to evaluate key aspects of the Radio Technical Commission for Aeronautics Incorporated (RTCA, Inc) Concept of Operations (CONOPS). The analysis first assesses the changes required in the Enroute domain to meet the traffic demand predicted for 2022. The analysis then focuses on the terminal do main and assesses the impact of airport enhancements. It is shown that, although the future traffic demand doubles today’s traffic, a simple homogenous doubling of NAS sector and airport capacities is not required, nor does it provide optimal benefit.
Integrated evaluation of mixed surfactant distribution in water-oil-steel pipe environments and associated corrosion inhibition efficiency

Abstract One multiphysics model, integrated corrosion inhibition (ICI) model, has been theoretically introduced and experimentally validated for the integrated evaluation of water-oil partitioning, aggregation, adsorption/desorption, and corrosion inhibition of mixed surfactant inhibitors in salt-containing water-oil-steel pipe (WOS) environments. The ICI model is based on three major sub-models which consider water-oil surfactant partitioning, micellization, effective adsorption/desorption on substrate, surfactant type, surfactant-solvent interactions, surfactant-counterion pair, and lateral surfactant interactions etc., and intended to serve as a basic framework in the design, selection, optimization, and utilization of various pure and mixed surfactant inhibitors in WOS environments.
The Genetic Epilepsies

Human epilepsy (hEP) genes are those that have been demonstrated to directly cause epilepsy, and genetic epilepsy syndromes are defined as those that are associated with a hEP gene and/or show clear familial inheritance and do not result from gross structural brain abnormalities or metabolic derangements. Genetic epilepsy syndromes often arise at specific times in development. Here, we present the clinical features of nine developmentally specific genetic epilepsy syndromes, including benign familial neonatal epilepsy, infantile and childhood epileptic encephalopathies, febrile seizures, genetic epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS +), Dravet syndrome, childhood absence epilepsy, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, autosomal dominant nocturnal frontal lobe epilepsy, and autosomal dominant epilepsy with auditory features. For each of these syndromes, we report their pattern of heritability and their association with hEP genes. The connection between genetic epilepsy syndromes and hEP genes is heterogeneous. Many genetic epilepsy syndromes are associated with diverse hEP genes, and some hEP genes associate with multiple genetic epilepsy syndromes. Finally, we discuss investigations into the pathophysiology of selected hEP mutations both when recombinant hEP genes were expressed in heterologous cells, and, when applicable, when the hEP mutations were introduced into knock-in mice.
Crystal field and magnetic properties of ErH/sub 2/

The M\"ossbauser effect of the 80.6-keV resonance in $^{166}\mathrm{Er}$ has been used to study the magnetic and electronic properties of Er${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$. The onset of magnetic hyperfine splitting shows a magnetic transition occurring at 2.4 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 0.1 K. The extrapolated saturation hyperfine field is 2480 \ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{} 20 k${\mathrm{O}}_{\mathrm{e}}$, corresponding to a magnetic moment of $(2.75\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}0.08){\ensuremath{\mu}}_{B}$ on the Er ion in the ordered state. Measurements of the hyperfine splitting in an external magnetic field show that the crystal-field ground state is a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{6}$ Kramers doublet. These data, as well as an analysis of previously published magnetic-susceptibility data, indicate that the first excited crystal-field level is \ensuremath{\gtrsim} 150 K above the ground state. Measurements of the hyperfine spectra of Er as a solute in Y${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ give a ${\ensuremath{\Gamma}}_{7}$ ground state, which can arise from a small change in the ratio of fourth-order to sixth-order crystal-field parameters on going from this case to that of Er${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$. All of the above results can be understood on the basis of a "hydridic" (i.e., negatively charged) model for hydrogen in this compound.
Trochlear Groove and Trochlear Cistern: Useful Anatomic Landmarks for Identifying the Tentorial Segment of Cranial Nerve IV on MRI.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The trochlear groove and trochlear cistern are anatomic landmarks closely associated with the tentorial segment of cranial nerve IV. The purposes of this study were to describe the MR imaging appearances of the trochlear groove and trochlear cistern and to test our hypothesis that knowledge of these anatomic landmarks facilitates identification of cranial nerve IV in routine clinical practice. MATERIALS AND METHODS: For this retrospective study, consecutive MR imaging examinations of the sinuses performed in 25 patients (50 sides) at our institution were reviewed. Patient characteristics and study indications were recorded. Three readers performed independent assessments of trochlear groove, cistern, and nerve visibility on coronal images obtained by using a T2-weighted driven equilibrium radiofrequency reset pulse sequence. RESULTS: Interobserver agreement was 78% for visibility of the trochlear groove, 56% for the trochlear cistern, and 68% for cranial nerve IV. Following consensus review, the trochlear groove was present in 44/50 sides (88%), the trochlear cistern was present in 25/50 sides (50%), and cranial nerve IV was identified in 36/50 sides (72%). When the trochlear groove was present, cranial nerve IV was identified in 35/44 sides (80%), in contrast to 1/6 sides (17%) with no groove (P = .0013). When the trochlear cistern was present, cranial nerve IV was identified in 23/25 sides (92%), in contrast to 13/25 sides (52%) with no cistern (P = .0016). CONCLUSIONS: The trochlear groove and trochlear cistern are anatomic landmarks that facilitate identification of cranial nerve IV in routine clinical practice.
Development of cavitation while on bevacizumab (BV) therapy in patients (pts) with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): Results from ARIES—A bevacizumab (BV) treatment observational cohort study (OCS)

e19045 Background: BV (Avastin), an anti-VEGF monoclonal antibody, prolongs progression-free and overall survival in advanced NSCLC pts. Severe (≥grade 3) pulmonary hemorrhage (sPH) is a rare but serious event that has been associated with BV-based therapy in phase 3 trials (rate of 2–4%). Potential risk factors include squamous histology, prior history of hemoptysis, and presence of tumor cavitation. Rates of baseline (BL) cavitation in NSCLC pts and development of cavitation on BV therapy are unknown. Pts in ARIES, an OCS of approximately 2,000 pts with NSCLC, had BL scans assessed for tumor cavitation. A substudy of approximately 250 pts also had follow-up scans to analyze the likelihood of developing cavitation on BV therapy. For the entire ARIES population, any pt developing sPH is assessed for tumor cavitation. Methods: Pts at specified ARIES sites submitted on-treatment CT scans to an independent review facility (IRF), in addition to BL scans. Evaluable pts had measurable disease at BL and at least...
Gaps in international nutrition and child feeding guidelines: a look at the nutrition and young child feeding education of Ghanaian nurses.

Objective To examine the nutrition and young child feeding (YCF) education and training of nurses in public health clinics of Ghana's Komenda-Edina-Eguafo-Abrem region (KEEA) in relation to global health guidelines, and how nurses served as educators for caregivers with children aged 0-5 years. Design A qualitative study of semi-structured one-on-one and group interviews (n 21) following a questionnaire of closed- and open-ended questions addressing child feeding, nutrition and global health recommendations. Interviews were conducted in English, audio-recorded, transcribed and coded. Descriptive data were tabulated. Content analysis identified themes from open-ended questions. Setting KEEA public health clinics (n 12). Subjects Nurses (n 41) purposefully recruited from KEEA clinics. Results A model capturing nurses' nutrition and YCF education emerged with five major themes: (i) adequacy of nurses' basic knowledge in breast-feeding, complementary feeding, iron-deficiency anaemia, YCF and hygiene; (ii) nurses' delivery of nutrition and YCF information; (iii) nurses' evaluation of children's health status to measure education effectiveness; (iv) nurses' perceived barriers of caregivers' ability to implement nutrition and YCF education; and (v) a gap in global health recommendations on YCF practices for children aged 2-5 years. Conclusions Nurses demonstrated adequate nutrition and YCF knowledge, but reported a lack of in-depth nutrition knowledge and YCF education for children 2-5 years of age, specifically education and knowledge of YCF beyond complementary feeding. To optimize child health outcomes, a greater depth of nutrition and YCF education is needed in international health guidelines.
β-Arrestin-2-Dependent Signaling Promotes CCR4-mediated Chemotaxis of Murine T-Helper Type 2 Cells.

Allergic asthma is a complex inflammatory disease that leads to significant healthcare costs and reduction in quality of life. Although many cell types are implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma,...
Clinical Study of a Permethrin Formulation for Direct or Indirect Use in Control of Ticks on Tortoises, Snakes and Lizards

ABSTRACT The clinical effects of application of a permethrin acaricidal formulation, Provent-a-mite™, were studied on three species of reptiles by direct application to African spurred tortoises, Geochelone sulcata, and by application to the bedding of rosy boas, Lichanura trivirgata, and green iguanas, Iguana iguana, using on each occasion ten times the recommended dosage every fifth day for a total of six applications. No evidence of toxic reactions related to treatment with the permethrin formulation was found in any of the three species of reptiles treated, suggesting that Provent-a-mite™ is a safe product to use as an acaricide for control of ticks on other species of tortoises, snakes and lizards.
Internationality of Women Specialty Journals: Content Analysis and Survey of Editors

In the USA, in criminology and criminal justice, the women specialty journals, Feminist Criminology, Violence Against Women, and Women and Criminal Justice, have played a key role as outlets for research on women and crime. The current study examined the internationality—presently a significant criterion used to measure the quality of scholarly journals—of these women specialty journals. In order to measure their level of internationality, two indicators are studied: (1) geographic diversity of editorial boards and (2) the patterns (frequency, countries, international collaborations, and thematic directions) of the foreign-authored articles between 2010 and 2016. The authors also conducted a survey of the editors of the three women specialty journals to identify trends in international submissions as well as editors’ perceptions of the internationalization of their journals. The results of this study confirm that the three women specialty journals are becoming more international. Finally, recommendations to encourage international diversity of editorial boards and authorships, especially from East Asia, are discussed.
Magnetism of Fe, Ni, and Zn in Nd 1.85 Ce 0.15 CuO 4 : Comparison of experiment and theory

We have studied the magnetic and superconducting properties of Fe- , Ni- , and Zn-substituted ${\mathrm{Nd}}_{1.85}$${\mathrm{Ce}}_{0.15}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ bulk materials. The normal-state magnetic susceptibility of all samples is found to follow the Curie-Weiss law between 50 and 300 K. The magnitude of local moments deduced for Fe and Ni are 2.2${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ and 2${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$, respectively. The observed moment on Ni is attributed to Ni in a 3+ valency state. A magnetic moment of 0.8${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ is obtained in Zn-substituted samples. This is ascribed to the localized ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ spins. The ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ vs 3d ion concentration (x) curves indicate that Ni inhibits the ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ of this system at an anomalously higher rate. In an effort to understand the correlation between the magnitude of the magnetic moment on the 3d ion and its role in the suppression of superconductivity, we have performed density-functional cluster calculations under local-spin-density approximations. The calculations support the following inferences drawn from the experiments: (i) Ni is in a 3+ state, (ii) the moment of 0.8${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ observed in Zn-substituted samples is due to localized ${\mathrm{Cu}}^{2+}$ spins, and (iii) Zn induces a moment of almost the same magnitude in both the electron-doped and the hole-doped ${\mathrm{La}}_{1.85}$${\mathrm{Sr}}_{0.15}$${\mathrm{CuO}}_{4}$ systems. We have also attempted to explain qualitatively the observed ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{c}}$ vs x behavior in the above systems using the effective single-band t-J model.
IL-24 in Regulation of Antitumor Immune Response and in Signaling

In cancer therapy, cytokines are generally used to increase immunity. Cytokines are either proteins or glycoproteins, which are secreted by immune cells. It is now known that the tumor microenvironment secretes a mixture of cytokines that plays an important role in carcinogenesis. In chronic inflammation, cytokines released at the site of a tumor facilitate tumor growth, instead of promoting antitumor immunity. In 1995, a protein called melanoma differentiation-associated gene-7 (MDA-7), also known as suppressor of tumorigenicity-16 (ST-16), was discovered; it was renamed as interlukine-24 because of its cytokine-like properties and was found to inhibit the growth and proliferation in melanoma cells. The rat counterpart of IL-24 was named as mob-5 or C49a. The murine counterpart was named as FISP. Ectopic expression of MDA-7/IL-24 by means of a replication defective adenovirus (Ad-MDA-7/IL-24) results in growth suppression, inhibits angiogenesis and apoptosis not only in melanoma cells but also in numerous other cancer cell types such as glioblastoma, carcinomas of breast, colon, lung, ovarian and prostate sparing normal epithelial and fibroblasts. Therefore, this article reviews anti-cytokine therapies of MDA-7/IL-24 being pursued in cancer and more details about signaling pathways associated with MDA-7/IL-24 in cancer.
Chasing a 50% efficient solar cell, and fun things we’ve done along the way (Conference Presentation)

III-V multijunction solar cells have demonstrated the highest efficiencies of any photovoltaic technology, in part because of their outstanding material quality and in part because of the ability to reduce thermalization losses while spanning a wide range of the solar spectrum. In this talk I will describe our on-going effort to demonstrate a 50% efficient solar cell using inverted metamorphic technology, and our work on solar cells that operate at temperatures up to 400°C. Along the way, we have learned to enhance photon recycling, to exploit luminescent coupling between junctions, and to fabricate internal reflectors. I will discuss how we are applying these cells to CPV, TPV and hydrogen production applications.
Learning Convex Bodies is Hard.

We show that learning a convex body in R, given random samples from the body, requires 2 √ d/ ) samples. By learning a convex body we mean finding a set having at most relative symmetric difference with the input body. To prove the lower bound we construct a hard to learn family of convex bodies. Our construction of this family is very simple and based on error correcting codes.
Neural correlates of early deliberate emotion regulation: Young children's responses to interpersonal scaffolding.

Abstract Deliberate emotion regulation, the ability to willfully modulate emotional experiences, is shaped through interpersonal scaffolding and forecasts later functioning in multiple domains. However, nascent deliberate emotion regulation in early childhood is poorly understood due to a paucity of studies that simulate interpersonal scaffolding of this skill and measure its occurrence in multiple modalities. Our goal was to identify neural and behavioral components of early deliberate emotion regulation to identify patterns of competent and deficient responses. A novel probe was developed to assess deliberate emotion regulation in young children. Sixty children (age 4–6 years) were randomly assigned to deliberate emotion regulation or control conditions. Children completed a frustration task while lateral prefrontal cortex (LPFC) activation was recorded via functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). Facial expressions were video recorded and children self-rated their emotions. Parents rated their child’s temperamental emotion regulation. Deliberate emotion regulation interpersonal scaffolding predicted a significant increase in frustration-related LPFC activation not seen in controls. Better temperamental emotion regulation predicted larger LPFC activation increases post- scaffolding among children who engaged in deliberate emotion regulation interpersonal scaffolding. A capacity to increase LPFC activation in response to interpersonal scaffolding may be a crucial neural correlate of early deliberate emotion regulation.
Application of intracranial pressure monitoring in children with severe traumatic brain injury

Intracranial pressure monitoring is a mainstay in the management of children with severe traumatic brain injury.The research issues on the intracranial pressure monitoring have become important for neurocritical care.This paper has reviewed the significance of intracranial pressure monitoring in children with severe traumatic brain injury. Key words: Traumatic brain injury; Intracranial pressure monitoring ; Children
Interactions of Linguistic and Domain Overhypotheses in Category Learning.

For humans learning to categorize and distinguish parts of the world, the set of assumptions (overhypotheses) they hold about potential category structures is directly related to their learning process. In this work we examine the effects of two overhypotheses for category learning: 1) the bias introduced by the presence of linguistic labels for objects; 2) the conceptual 'domain' biases inherent in the learner about which features are most indicative of category structure. These two biases work in tandem to impose priors on the learning process; and we model and detail their interaction and effects. This paper entails an adaptation and expansion of prior experimental work that addressed label bias effects but did not fully explore conceptual domain biases. Our results highlight the importance of both the domain and label biases in facilitating or hindering category learning.
The Negative Impact of Maternal Perinatal Opioid Use on Neonatal Outcomes.

Objective: To compare outcomes among newborns of opioid-using and nonopioid drug-using mothers with those of control mothers who did not report substance use.Methods: Using the Rochester Epidemiology Project, newborns diagnosed with drug withdrawal syndrome (per ICD-9 or ICD-10 codes) from January 2010 through June 2017 were identified. For mothers, data collected included age, race, drug use, number of prenatal visits, and results of the urinary drug abuse survey, meconium test, and self-report survey. Demographic and perinatal data collected for newborns included birth date; sex; Apgar scores at 1, 5, and 10 minutes; neonatal intensive care stay; and vital status. Controls (n = 771) were similarly selected in regard to sex, birth date, and county.Results: Of 328 infants identified, 168 were born with opioid neonatal abstinence syndrome and 160 with a nonopioid withdrawal syndrome. Control mothers had more prenatal visits than mothers in the nonopioid and opioid groups. Newborns of control mothers had higher Apgar scores at 1 and 5 minutes than both substance-using groups. Opioid-using mothers were almost twice as likely to have newborns requiring intensive care and 3 times as likely to use benzodiazepines compared to the other substance-using mothers. Substance-using mothers had more premature babies than controls.Conclusions: Prenatal opioid use is a substantial risk factor for prematurity. Newborns diagnosed with neonatal abstinence syndrome are at risk of perinatal complications. Mothers using opioids during pregnancy also tend to use other substances. Longitudinal research should clarify how prenatal substance use interacts with other risk factors during a child's first years.
Blackness in Morocco: Gnawa identity through music and visual culture: by Cynthia J. Becker, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2020, xv+275pp., $30.00(paperback), ISBN 978-1517909383

In recent years, scholars of North Africa have turned their attention to the region’s complex ethnoracial interactions, hierarchies, and enduring inequalities. Such attention has been motivated by ...
Chapter 7 The Representation of Temporal Structure in Children, Adolescents and Adults

Publisher Summary This chapter illustrates the representation of temporal structure in children, adolescents, and adults. One of the fundamental attributes of environment is its patterning in time. Two temporal patterns on the long time scales of calendar time are considered—namely, days of the week and months. There are many ways in which the relationship between day and month elements could be encoded and processed. Pairs of days or months that are contiguous would have stronger bonds than those that are farther apart in time. Semantic or categorical models also offer a way of representing order. In this kind of model, each element would be associated with one or more linguistic codes that correspond to part of the week or year. A serial model is one in which each element is linked to the next, such that elements can be sequentially activated. On the other hand, an image model is one in which position-like information is directly encoded, allowing perception-like detection of the relative proximity of elements.
Are Wage Premiums for Black Women Illusory? A Critical Examination

Recent evidence documents a wage premium for black women (e.g., Fryer, 2011). However, we find no strong evidence of a premium after accounting for selection into the labor market; years of education attained, conditional on ability; and local cost of living. We find modest evidence of heterogeneous effects by education-small premiums for highly educated black women and penalties for black women with less education. Controlling for actual experience yields estimates at the low end of previously published premiums, but the possibility of discrimination in hiring and firing implies that controls for actual experience may be inappropriate.
Models Supporting Nondeterminism and Probabilistic Choice

In this paper we describe the problems encountered in building a semantic model that supports both nondeterministic choice and probabilistic choice. Several models exist that support both of these constructs, but none that we know of satisfies all the laws one would like. Using domain-theoretic techniques, we show how a model can be devised "on top of" certain models for probabilistic choice, so that the expected laws for nondeterministic choice and probabilistic choice remain valid.
Defining and Measuring Search Bias: Some Preliminary Evidence

Search engines produce immense value by identifying, organizing, and presenting the Internet´s information in response to users' queries. Search engines efficiently provide better and faster answers to users' questions than alternatives. Recently, critics have taken issue with the various methods search engines use to identify relevant content and rank search results for users. Google, in particular, has been the subject of much of this criticism on the grounds that its organic search results — those generated algorithmically — favor its own products and services at the expense of those of its rivals. Much of this criticism has focused on the impact of differences among search engines' algorithmic methods upon individual websites, and allegations of "bias" in search engine results, in lieu of a conventional consumer-welfare driven antitrust analysis. The more useful attempts to define “bias" focus upon differences in organic rankings attributable to the search engine ranking its own content (“own-content bias”); that is, a sufficient condition for own‐content bias is that a search engine ranks its own content more prominently than its rivals do. Critics also fail to explore the possibility that differences in search engine algorithms result naturally from the competitive process and generate consumer benefits, as well as the vast economic literature replete with procompetitive justifications for vertical integration. In this paper, we use a large random sample of search queries to explore empirically the nature of search bias and its potential antitrust implications. Of course, so-called "bias" is not a sufficient condition for competitive harm as a matter of economics because it can increase, decrease, or have no impact at all upon consumer welfare. Nonetheless, documenting whether and how much of the alleged bias exists in Googles and its rivals' search results can improve our understanding of its competitive implications — that is, whether the evidence of discrimination in favor of one's own content across search engines is more consistent with anticompetitive foreclosure or competition. From an antitrust perspective, differences in own‐content references across engines fail to indicate consumer harm; to the contrary, it is quite possible — and indeed likely — that these differences imply the existence of intense competition among engines.
RADICAL FORGIVENESS AND HUMAN JUSTICE

The most substantial source for thinking about forgiveness is Christian ethics. Some Christians offer forgiveness even for atrocities in the absence of repentance and reparations. The paper critically examines Christian idealism about forgiveness, while looking beyond Christianity toward a humanistic approach that acknowledges the tragic conflict between forgiveness and justice. Christian forgiveness is part of a radical revaluation of values regarding the goods of this world, personal identity, and temporality. Humanistic approaches, as found in Kant and the Greeks, do not embrace this radical revaluation of values. But it remains useful to consider the benefits of forgiveness, even for those who are not willing to commit to such a radical revaluation.
The MCAS Way

The MCAS Way extends the MCAS concept of atomic orbitals to molecular bonding. There are many examples given for each bonding type. Part I: The MCAS atomic orbital concept. There are no spherical orbitals and spin pairing does not occur through spin reversal. Quantum numbers do not validate coexistence in identical space. Part II: Single bonds. There are no sigma-bonds wherein two electrons occupy identical space on a line between nuclei; only off-axis (Xi) bonding. Covalent bonding is purely electrostatic; just like ionic bonding. Part III: Triple bonds. There are no Pi-bonds in a triple bond. Part IV: Simple double bonds. There are no sigma bonds; only Pi| and Pi_ bonds. Part V: Multiple bonds. The traditional Pi-cloud is only a group of reciprocating, vertically pumping, electron pistons. Electrons conjugate by flowing around nuclei in the nuclear plane. Atoms adopt a twelve-lobed (T12) orbital arrangement for multiple bonding. Aromaticity is defined by 2(2n+1), not (4n+2). Part VI: Miscellaneous compounds. Isoelectronic XO3, phosphorous and its oxides, and boranes.
Recent advances in channel pre-coding in MIMO wireless systems

Summary form only given. This talk will focus on techniques for exploiting partial channel knowledge at the transmitter in MISO and MIMO wireless systems using pre- coding. Different classes of partial channel knowledge (noisy estimate, covariance, parametric, etc.) will be considered. Also different performance measures such as channel capacity and error rate will be considered. The talk will survey current state-of-the-art and list some interesting open problems.
Comparing the Effects of Monetary Incentives and Foot‐in‐the‐Door Strategies in Promoting Residential Electricity Conservation

The relative effectiveness of incentive and minimal justification techniques in promoting electrical energy conservation among 90 homeowners was investigated. Subjects in the Questionnaire condition were asked to complete a short energy conservation survey. Those in the Commitment condition were asked to curtail their consumption of electricity by 15%. In the Questionnaire + Commitment condition, subjects received both requests. These three groups were compared to an Incentive condition, where individuals were offered a highly attractive monetary incentive for conserving electricity, a Questionnaire + Commitment + Incentive condition, and a Control condition. The groups did not differ in electricity consumption during baseline, initial request, or follow-up periods. However, during the conservation period, homeowners in the Commitment and the combined treatment groups conserved more electricity and contained more conservers than either of the remaining groups. These outcomes were discussed in terms of the comparative effectiveness of minimal justification and incentive strategies for inducing behavioral change.
Perineal rectosigmoidectomy for rectal prolapse: role of levatorplasty

The management of full thickness rectal prolapse remains controversial. Although abdominal approaches have a lower recurrence rate than do perineal operations, they are associated with a higher morbidity. The aim of this study was to compare the outcomes of perineal rectosigmoidectomy with and without levatorplasty. Between 1989 and 1999, a total of 109 consecutive patients (10 men) underwent 120 perineal procedures. These patients were retrospectively evaluated in two groups on the basis of the type of surgery received: perineal rectosigmoidectomy (PRS) or perineal rectosigmoidectomy with levatorplasty (PRSL). Subsequent functional outcome and physiological parameters were assessed. The patients had a mean age of 75.7 years (range, 23.0–94.8 years) and they were followed for an overall mean (in both groups combined) of 28.0 months (range, 0.4–126.4 months) after surgery. Mean duration of surgery was 78.1 min (SD=25.9) and 97.6 min (SD=32.3) in PRS and PRSL, respectively (p=0.002, unpaired t test). There was no significant difference between the two groups in terms of hospital stay, morbidity or mortality. Recurrence rates and mean time interval to recurrence were, respectively, 20.6% and 45.5 months in PRS compared to 7.7% and 13.3 months in PRSL (p=0.049, chi-square test; p=0.001, unpaired t test). Both groups had significant improvements in postoperative incontinence score (p<0.0001, Wilcoxon’s matched-pairs signed-ranks test), however, there were no significant changes in anorectal manometric findings and pudendal nerve terminal motor latency assessment. Perineal rectosigmoidectomy with levatorplasty is associated with a lower recurrence rate and a longer time to recurrence than perineal rectosigmoidectomy alone. Levatorplasty should be offered to patients when a perineal approach for rectal prolapse is selected.
HSCs and niche relations marked by CD166.

In this issue of Blood , Chitteti et al show that CD166 is a potential marker for both human and murine hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) and that the osteoblastic niche plays a critical role in the maintenance of HSCs through homotypic interactions of CD166.[1][1] ![Figure][2] Human and
Differential developmentally regulated expression of gelsolin family members in the mouse.

The gelsolin family of actin-modulating proteins contains seven mammalian members of which three have similar domain structure and function: gelsolin, capG, and adseverin. Previous studies have provided some information on the expression of these proteins, but no comprehensive analysis of expression during development has been performed. By in situ hybridization to murine embryo sections, we show that gelsolin expression is widespread but focal from e12.5 onward, with the exception of brain and mucosal epithelium. In contrast, CapG expression is high in mucosal epithelium, inner renal medulla, and adrenal cortex, and seen at much lower levels more broadly. Adseverin expression is even more restricted, being seen at sites of endochondral bone formation during development only, and in developing and adult outer renal medulla and intestine. In parallel analyses the three genes demonstrated patterns of expression that were complementary and non-overlapping in nearly all organs. The observations suggest new functions for these proteins in organ systems and tissues where their expression was not previously recognized. They further suggest that the proteins have distinct tissue-specific functions in modulating the actin cytoskeleton during cellular motile activities, and that such functions have diverged since the genes arose ancestrally by gene duplication. Dev Dyn 1999;215:297-307.
Hemodynamic stability in medically treated hypothyroid patients undergoing intravenous sedation.

Purpose To evaluate the hemodynamic stability of medically treated hypothyroid patients undergoing intravenous sedation for dentoalveolar surgery. Patients and Methods A retrospective chart analysis of 20 consecutive white male patients actively being treated for hypothyroidism undergoing intravenous sedation for dentoalveolar surgery. Twenty consecutive normothyroid white male patients undergoing intravenous sedation for dentoalveolar surgery were used as controls. Systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), mean arterial blood pressure (MAP), pulse pressure (PP), peripheral oxygen saturation (S p O 2 ) and pulse were recorded at 5-minute intervals during intravenous sedation. Results Statistically significant lower average hemodynamic values were seen in hypothyroid patients compared to normothyroid patients in SBP ( P = .05) and PP ( P = .003). There were highly significant baseline changes for hypothyroid patients in DBP ( P P P = .03), PP ( P = .02) and pulse ( P = .03). All changes were maintained within ± 10% of baseline (range, −8.9% to +9.6%). Conclusions Intravenous sedation for dentoalveolar surgery in medically treated hypothyroid patients maintains hemodynamic stability.
Banking on currency forecasts: How predictable is change in money?

Abstract The paper examines the predictive performance of four structural exchange rate models using both parametric and nonparametric techniques. Error correction versions of the models are fit so that plausible long-run elasticities can be imposed on the fundamental variables of each model. A variety of model evaluation statistics are reported. Our findings confirm that fundamental exchange rate models forecast no better than a random walk model for short-term prediction horizons. For longer horizons, error correction terms can explain exchange rate movements significantly better than a no change forecast for a subset of the models and currencies we consider.
Theory of charge-state splittings of deep levels associated with sulfur pairs in Si

We report self-consistent calculations for the deep levels of nearest-neighbor (S,S) substitutional defect pairs in Si, including (i) the charge-state splitting, and (ii) ratios of hyperfine tensor components. The good agreement with available data lends credence to the mesobonding model of paired-chalcogen deep levels.