cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Intergenerational Efforts to Develop a Healthy Environment for Everyone: Sustainability as a Human Rights Issue

As climate change proceeds at an unprecedented rate, concern for the natural environment has increased. The world's population aging also continues to rise at an unprecedented rate, giving greater attention to the implications of an older population. The two trends are linked through the fact that changes to the environment affect older adults, and older adults affect the environment. Sustainability is, therefore, an intergenerational phenomenon, and protecting resources today leaves a positive legacy and enhances quality of life for future generations. Older adults have much to share with younger generations about behaviors that promote sustainable living, yet few sustainability efforts are intergenerational in nature. As large numbers of people currently subsist without secure access to basic needs, ensuring equitable resource consumption for all generations is urgent and aligns with the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Through exploring linkages between aging and sustainability, we identify intergenerational strategies to protect the environment and promote human rights and quality of life for older adults.
Integrative Genomics and Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals Potential Mechanisms for Favorable Prognosis of Patients with HPV-Positive Head and Neck Carcinomas

Patients with HPV-positive head neck squamous cell carcinomas (HNSCC) usually have a better prognosis than the HPV-negative cases while the underlying mechanism remains far from being well understood. We investigated this issue by an integrative analysis of clinically-annotated multi-omics HNSCC data released by the Cancer Genome Atlas. As confirmatory results, we found: (1) Co-occurrence of mutant TP53 and HPV infection was rare; (2) Regardless of HPV status, HNSCCs of wild-type TP53 implied a good survival chance for patients and had fewer genome-wide somatic mutations than those with a mutation burden on the gene. Our analysis further led to some novel observations. They included: (1) The genes involved in “DNA mismatch repair” pathway were up-regulated in HPV-positive tumors compared to normal tissue samples and HPV-negative cases, and thus constituted a strong predictive signature for the identification of HPV infection; (2) HPV infection could disrupt some regulatory miRNA-mRNA correlations operational in the HPV-negative tumors. In light of these results, we proposed a hypothesis for the favorable clinical outcomes of HPV-positive HNSCC patients. That is, the replication of HPV genome and/or its invasion into the genomes of cancer cells may enhance DNA repair mechanisms, which in turn limit the accumulation of lethal somatic mutations.
Laser-facilitated epicutaneous immunotherapy to IgE-mediated allergy

Allergen specific immunotherapy has been shown to be the only effective treatment for long-lasting clinical benefit to IgE-mediated allergic diseases, but a fewer than 5% of patients choose the treatment because of inconvenience and a high risk of anaphylaxis. Recently, epicutaneous allergen-specific immunotherapy (EPIT) has proven effective, yet with limitations owing to strong skin reactions. We demonstrate here safer and faster EPIT, named μEPIT, by delivering powdered allergen and adjuvants into many micropores in the epidermis. We fabricated a microarray patch fractionally coated with a powder mixture of ovalbumin (OVA) model allergen, CpG, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (VD3). Topical application of the patch onto laser-microperforated skin resulted in a high level of epidermal delivery while greatly minimizing allergen leakage into circulation system as compared to current subcutaneous immunotherapy (SCIT). Moreover, only three times of μEPIT over two weeks could sufficiently inhibit allergen-specific IgE responses in mice suffering OVA-induced airway hyperresponsivness (AHR), which was unattainable by eight times of SCIT over three weeks. Mechanistically, μEPIT preferably enhanced IgG2a production suggesting TH1-biased immune responses and induced a high level of T-regulatory (Treg) cells against repeated allergen sensitization. The immune tolerance was confirmed by marked reduction in airway wall thickness as well as eosinophil and neutrophil infiltration into the respiratory airway. The μEPIT represents a novel and painless technology to treat IgE-mediated allergic diseases with little local skin reaction and a minimal risk of anaphylaxis.
Characteristics of a Continental Margin Magmatic Arc as a Function of Depth: The Skagit-Methow Crustal Section

Calc-alkaline arc magmatism has been documented throughout NW Washington and SW British Columbia at around 95–85 Ma. Migmatites, orthogneisses, directionless plutons, and volcanic flows of mid-Cretaceous age are exposed in the region, and represent the major constituents of the arc. In the Ross Lake area of northern Washington, upper to middle crustal levels of the arc have been uplifted and exposed by large-scale Paleogene folding as a relatively intact vertical crustal section. Thus, the vertical variation in deformation, metamorphism, and magma behavior in a magmatic arc may be directly observed. Based on stratigraphic, structural, and petrologic data, the arc-section consists of a brittlely deformed upper crust containing a few plutons, and a ductilely deformed and migmatized middle crust containing numerous large plutons. Ductility in the largely quartzose country rocks and plutons is observed only below the uppermost limit of voluminous middle crustal plutons at about 12–14 km depth in the crustal section. Assuming the onset of ductility in quartz represents a high strength gradient in the crust, the high strength “lid” at the brittle-ductile transition is suggested to have caused large-scale ponding of magma. Ambient country rock viscosity thus appears to be a major control on the mechanics of magma ascent in this region.
How Customers Engage with Brands: A New Framework

Marketers’ and advertisers’ thinking about processes is linear (Schultz, 2015). For a long time marketers have used the AIDA Model (attention, interest, desire and action) to explain how customers process advertising messages and make purchase decisions. In 2009, McKinsey introduced an alternative view, the Loyalty Loop, which acknowledges two-way character of brand-customer relationship, but still assumes that a customer follows some kind of pathway (i.e., “consumer decision journey”).
Neurosurgical Considerations in Macrocephaly

Head circumference (HC) or occipitofrontal circumference (OFC) serves as an important indicator of head growth. For pediatric neurosurgeons, there may be no single more important objective measure and fortunately, this is a routine part of almost every well patient visit through 2 years. The head can be considered as several interconnected compartments: the brain parenchyma, blood, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and the bones of the skull. An increase in the volume of any one of these compartments prior to the fusion of the sutures and fontanels results in macrocephaly, which is defined as a HC greater than two standard deviations above normal.
‘Tajikistan’s Turksib’: infrastructure and improvisation in economic growth of the Vakhsh River valley

ABSTRACTThis article analyses the paradoxically central role of a railroad in Soviet economic growth in southern Tajikistan’s Vakhsh River valley during the 1930s. Constructed as a secondary service road of the Vakhshstroi agro-industrial complex, it was not meant to support enterprises throughout the region. Because of the republic’s lack of roads, however, unrelated freightage operations gravitated to the Vakhsh Railroad and made it the unintended mediator of the developing geography of Soviet movement. By examining how the narrow gauge line was used in unplanned ways, I find that state building under Stalin was characterized by improvisation in labour and mobility. Furthermore, the material conditions of transportation limited the locations of economic possibility in unanticipated ways. This case demonstrates that studying the use of infrastructure can further historical understanding of causes, effects and chronologies of economic life in the Stalin era.
Efficient MAC-layer spectrum sensing scheme over underwater cognitive acoustic networks

The cognitive access techniques were originally developed for radio communication networks, and are recently extended to the research area for underwater acoustic networks. One of the important problems for developing the underwater cognitive acoustic networks lies in the optimal spectrum sensing strategy to maximize the exploitation of spectrum holes, which are the idle channels due to the absence of the primary acoustic user. To overcome this challenge, we propose the media access control (MAC)-layer spectrum sensing scheme to find the spectrum hole with minimum channel switching delay while obtaining the maximum signal-to-noise ratio. Using our proposed MAC-layer spectrum sensing scheme, the secondary underwater acoustic users efficiently reduce the channel switching delay.
Environmental cooperation: Contrasting international environmental agreements

This conceptual paper investigates two paired environmental treaties. At the global level, the effectiveness of the Montreal Protocol on reducing ozone depleters is contrasted with the ineffectiveness of the Kyoto Protocol on curbing greenhouse gases (GHGs). Even though curbing ozone shield depletion and reducing GHGs are quintessential global public goods, the outcomes of these treaties are drastically different. This paper explores why. At the regional level, the success of the Helsinki Protocol on reducing sulfur emissions is contrasted with the slower and less profound success of the Sofia Protocol on limiting nitrogen oxides. These paired comparisons demonstrate how effective international cooperation transcends the properties of public goods, thereby encompassing other identified drivers. The paper also contrasts the regional and global paired treaties. Concluding remarks indicate some useful insights for designing effective international environmental agreements.
79 Improving our Reflections on Prescribing for Hospice Inpatients: Positive Outcomes from Introduction of a Tool to Guide our Therapeutic Drug Rounds

Aim: To raise standards of medicines management for inpatients. Background: Without a specialist pharmacist, we were concerned that reflection on medicines prescribed could be forgotten. Thus, our hospice developed a weekly therapeutics drug round, in which drug charts are reviewed away from the patient but in light of knowledge about the patient. Earlier audit of documentation showed poor documentation of …
PHASE STABILITY FROM ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF ORDERED AND DISORDERED ALLOYS

A parameter-free approach to phase stability in substitutional alloys is applied to the study of ordering tendencies for a series of transition metal aluminides TM Al, where TM belongs to the 3d or 4d series in the periodic table, with special emphasis on the possible competition which may take place between the B2 order on the bcc lattice, and the L10 order on the fcc lattice, around equiatomic composition. The study is based upon an application of the linear muffin-tin orbital method in the atomic sphere approximation for the treatment of the ordered states, and of the generalized perturbation method to the Korringa Kohn Rostoker multiple scattering formulation of the coherent potential approximation for the treatment of the disordered state. For these alloys, the electronic origin of the ordering tendencies is rationalized as a function of the average number of valence electrons.
Structures, Interconversions, and Spectroscopy of Iron Carbonyl Clusters with an Interstitial Carbide: Localized Metal Center Reduction by Overall Cluster Oxidation

The syntheses, interconversions, and spectroscopic properties of a set of iron carbonyl clusters containing an interstitial carbide are reported. This includes the low temperature X-ray structures of the six-iron clusters (Y)2[Fe6(μ6-C)(μ2-CO)4(CO)12] (1a–c; where Y = NMe4, NEt4, PPh4); the five-iron cluster [Fe5(μ5-C)(CO)15] (3); and the novel formulation of the five-iron cluster (NMe4)2[Fe5(μ5-C)(μ2-CO)(CO)13] (4). Also included in this set is the novel charge-neutral cluster, [Fe6(μ6-C)(CO)18] (2), for which we were unable to obtain a crystallographic structure. As synthetic proof for the identity of 2, we performed a closed loop of interconversions within a family of crystallographically defined species (1, 3, and 4): [Fe6]2– → [Fe6]0 → [Fe5]0 → [Fe5]2– → [Fe6]2–. The structural, spectroscopic, and electronic properties of this “missing link” cluster 2 were investigated by IR, Raman, XPS, and Mossbauer spectroscopies—as well as by DFT calculations. A single νCO feature (1965 cm–1) in the IR spectrum o...
Comparison of affect-regulated, self-regulated, and heart-rate regulated exercise prescriptions: Protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Abstract Recent evidence has highlighted the potential benefits of affect- and self-regulated exercise prescriptions for the promotion of physical activity and exercise behavior (Baldwin et al., 2016; Williams et al., 2015, 2016). However, questions remain about which characteristics of the exercise prescriptions make them more effective. Objectives This study will compare exercise prescriptions with and without choice, and with and without an emphasis on affective valence, to determine which method of intensity regulation is most effective for increasing walking behavior. Design Parallel-groups randomized controlled trial. Methods Insufficiently active (less than 90 min per week of moderate-intensity activity) adults will be recruited to participate in a six-week study consisting of a two-week baseline period and four-week intervention. Walking behavior will be measured objectively using consumer-based activity monitors, and based on self-reported data. Other outcome measures will include affective attitudes, variables related to intrinsic motivation, self-reported compliance, resting heart rate, and weight. Participants will be randomized to one of four walking programs that either regulate intensity based on the choice of the intensity or based on heart rate, and either have or lack an emphasis on the affective valence of exercise. Conclusions Recruitment and onboarding has begun. Results of this randomized controlled trial are expected to be available by the middle of 2018.
Photosynthesis and the World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is an important resource for public awareness and for educating all citizens of the world including its political leaders, granting agencies, pre-university and university students, as well as teachers and researchers in all fields of photosynthesis. The Web began in 1989 when Tim Berners-Lee proposed a hypertext project as a means for scientists at the European Particle Physics Laboratory, CERN (Conseil Europeen pour Recherche Nucleaire), located in Geneva, Switzerland, to exchange data with other scientists around the world (1,2) who were linked by a plethora of wide-area networks using a newly standardized communications protocol, TCP/IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol). The various wide-area networks multiplied and developed into what we now know as the Internet, not a single network at all, but a matrix of networks with numerous redundant connections (3). At first, only scientific data was exchanged via Web servers on the Internet, though it soon became possible for persons on one computer hooked to the Internet to access the information located on another computer that acted as a Web server. All that was needed was an Internet connection and the URL (Universal Resource Locator) address of the server with the information. It was also possible to create text documents containing embedded URL addresses called hypertext links. By selecting a link via keyboard command or, more commonly, by a mouse click, the server serving as host for the text document would route the user to the server that actually contained the material referenced in the link. This material was usually displayed as lines of plain text. In 1993, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications (NC SA) at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign released Mosaic, allowing Web text documents to be displayed graphically on computer monitors (4).
Evolution of NO x in the Denver Urban Plume during the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment

Abstract. As NOx (NOx ≡ NO + NO2) is transported away from cities, it undergoes photochemical oxidation to peroxynitrates (RO2NO2, ΣPNs), alkyl nitrates (RONO2, ΣANs), and nitric acid (HNO3). These higher oxide species each have different lifetimes to permanent removal or conversion back to NOx, resulting in nitrogen oxide chemistry that evolves as plumes are transported away from cities. Here, observations from the Front Range Air Pollution and Photochemistry Experiment (FRAPPE) are used to describe the evolution of NOx and NOy (NOy ≡ NOx + ΣPNs + ΣANs + HNO3 + …) as the Denver urban plume flows outward from the city center. We evaluate the chemistry, dilution, and deposition rates in the plume to provide numerical constraints on the NOx and NOy,i lifetimes. We find that plume dilution with background air occurs with a lifetime of 3.5 hours. NOx concentrations decrease more rapidly with a lifetime to chemical loss and dilution of 2 hours in the near field of the city center. NOy has an effective lifetime of 3 hours and due to a combination of HNO3 deposition and dilution. The results provide a useful test of conceptual and numerical models of chemistry during the evolution of urban plumes.
The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator Has a Role in Predicting Discharge to Post-Acute Care in Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background Patient demand and increasing cost awareness have led to the creation of surgical risk calculators that attempt to predict the likelihood of adverse events and to facilitate risk mitigation. The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator is an online tool available for a wide variety of surgical procedures, and has not yet been fully evaluated in total joint arthroplasty. Methods A single-center, retrospective review was performed on 909 patients receiving a unilateral primary total knee (496) or hip (413) arthroplasty between January 2012 and December 2014. Patient characteristics were entered into the risk calculator, and predicted outcomes were compared with observed results. Discrimination was evaluated using the receiver-operator area under the curve (AUC) for 90-day readmission, return to operating room (OR), discharge to skilled nursing facility (SNF)/rehab, deep venous thrombosis (DVT), and periprosthetic joint infection (PJI). Results The risk calculator demonstrated adequate performance in predicting discharge to SNF/rehab (AUC 0.72). Discrimination was relatively limited for DVT (AUC 0.70, P = .2), 90-day readmission (AUC 0.63), PJI (AUC 0.67), and return to OR (AUC 0.59). Risk score differences between those who did and did not experience discharge to SNF/rehab, 90-day readmission, and PJI reached significance (P Conclusion The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Surgical Risk Calculator has fair utility in predicting discharge to SNF/rehab, but limited usefulness for 90-day readmission, return to OR, DVT, and PJI. Although length of stay predictions are similar to actual outcomes, statistical correlation remains relatively weak.
Tissue-specific endothelial cells: a promising approach for augmentation of soft tissue repair in orthopedics

Biologics are playing an increasingly significant role in the practice of modern medicine and surgery in general and orthopedics in particular. Cell-based approaches are among the most important and widely used modalities in orthopedic biologics, with mesenchymal stem cells and other multi/pluripotent cells undergoing evaluation in numerous preclinical and clinical studies. On the other hand, fully differentiated endothelial cells (ECs) have been found to perform critical roles in homeostasis of visceral tissues through production of an adaptive panel of so-called "angiocrine factors." This newly discovered function of ECs renders them excellent candidates for novel approaches in cell-based biologics. Here, we present a review of the role of ECs and angiocrine factors in some visceral tissues, followed by an overview of current cell-based approaches and a discussion of the potential applications of ECs in soft tissue repair.
Methods for Studying Lipid-Mediated Glycosyltransferases Involved in the Assembly of Glycoproteins in Nervous Tissue

The glycosylation of membrane proteins plays a role in determining the molecular architecture of brain cell surfaces. The great diversity in the complex structures of protein-bound carbohydrate chains provides a means for altering the properties of the membrane surface during developmental changes. Consequently, membrane glycoproteins in nervous tissue could be involved in neural histogenesis, synaptogenesis, myelination of axons, and other neurobiological processes. Although only approximately 20% of brain glycoproteins are found in soluble form (Brunngraber, 1972), it is also quite possible that cytosolic glycoproteins in various cellular compartments may perform neurochemical functions. Because of the potential importance of membrane-bound and soluble glycoproteins in nervous tissue, elucidating the detailed structures of the complex saccharide side chains has been a major goal for numerous neurochemists. Comprehensive reviews on the oligosaccharide structures of glycoproteins have appeared in recent years (Montreuil, 1975; Kornfeld and Kornfeld, 1976; Margolis and Margolis, 1979). Two excellent chapters previously published in this series (Margolis and Margolis, 1972; Gombos and Zanetta, 1978) have described a variety of techniques for the isolation and analysis of brain glycoproteins. Recently, Krusius and Finne (1977) have also presented a procedure for resolving brain glycopeptides into four structurally distinct fractions. This method should have general utility for investigators interested in the structure of glycoproteins in brain and provide a basis for comparative studies. With the currently available methods it should now be possible to approach an understanding of the correlations between the structure and the function of glycoproteins in nervous tissue.
A Proposed Role for Protein

The regulation of dinitrogenase reductase by ADP-ribosylation is depicted in Fig. 1 and is described in detail in a review.1 The ADP-ribose moiety of P-NAD+ is transferred to arginine-101 of dinitrogenase reductase by dinitrogenase reductase ADP-ribosyltransferase (DRAT, the draT gene product).2.3 Modification of one of the two identical subunits of dinitrogenase reductase renders the protein inactive4 and modification of both subunits of the same dimer has not been observed. The structure of dinitrogenase reductase shows arg-101 to be at the surface of the protein near the FeS center.5 ADP-ribose is attached to arginine-101 by an a-specific bond to the guanidinium N.6.7 The ADP-ribosylated dinitrogenase reductase in its reduced, native form can be activated by dinitrogenase reductase activating glycohydrolase (DRAG, the draG gene product) in an MgATP- and Mn2+-dependent reaction. DRAG removes ADP-ribose and regenerates the site of modification in the process.8 ADP-ribose can be removed from both oxidized and oxygen-denatured dinitrogenase reductase in the absence of MgATP, but a divalent metal (Mn2+) is still required.910 Likewise, DRAG can hydrolyze low molecular weight substrates such as dansyl arginine methylester ADP-ribose in the absence of nucleotide.9 DRAT is unable to ADPribosylate small molecule substrates.3
Criminal Identity Resolution Using Personal and Social Identity Attributes: A Collective Resolution Approach

We propose a criminal identity resolution technique that utilizes both personal identity and social identity information. Guided by existing identity theories, we examine three types of identity features, namely personal identity attributes, social behavior attributes, and social relationship attributes. We also explore three matching strategies, namely pairwise comparison, transitive closure, and collective resolution. Our experiments on synthetic data sets show that both social behavior and relationship attributes improve the performance of identity matching as compared to the use of personal identity attributes alone. The results also show that the collective relational resolution approach outperformed other approaches in terms of F -measure.
Liquid core waveguide-based optical spectrometry for field estimation of dissolved BTEX compounds in groundwater - A feasibility study

The utility of a liquid core waveguide (LCW) system for acting as a sentry monitor for compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, xylene (BTEX) in water was examined. A vapor-permeable LCW s ...
Identifying Windows of Susceptibility by Temporal Gene Analysis

Increased understanding of developmental disorders of the brain has shown that genetic mutations, environmental toxins and biological insults typically act during developmental windows of susceptibility. Identifying these vulnerable periods is a necessary and vital step for safeguarding women and their fetuses against disease causing agents during pregnancy and for developing timely interventions and treatments for neurodevelopmental disorders. We analyzed developmental time-course gene expression data derived from human pluripotent stem cells, with disease association, pathway, and protein interaction databases to identify windows of disease susceptibility during development and the time periods for productive interventions. The results are displayed as interactive Susceptibility Windows Ontological Transcriptome (SWOT) Clocks illustrating disease susceptibility over developmental time. Using this method, we determine the likely windows of susceptibility for multiple neurological disorders using known disease associated genes and genes derived from RNA-sequencing studies including autism spectrum disorder, schizophrenia, and Zika virus induced microcephaly. SWOT clocks provide a valuable tool for integrating data from multiple databases in a developmental context with data generated from next-generation sequencing to help identify windows of susceptibility.
Transformation of the Transcriptomic Profile of Mouse Periocular Mesenchyme During Formation of the Embryonic Cornea.

Purpose Defects in neural crest development are a major contributing factor in corneal dysgenesis, but little is known about the genetic landscape during corneal development. The purpose of this study was to provide a detailed transcriptome profile and evaluate changes in gene expression during mouse corneal development. Methods RNA sequencing was used to uncover the transcriptomic profile of periocular mesenchyme (pNC) isolated at embryonic day (E) 10.5 and corneas isolated at E14.5 and E16.5. The spatiotemporal expression of several differentially expressed genes was validated by in situ hybridization. Results Analysis of the whole-transcriptome profile between pNC and embryonic corneas identified 3815 unique differentially expressed genes. Pathway analysis revealed an enrichment of differentially expressed genes involved in signal transduction (retinoic acid, transforming growth factor-β, and Wnt pathways) and transcriptional regulation. Conclusions Our analyses, for the first time, identify a large number of differentially expressed genes during progressive stages of mouse corneal development. Our data provide a comprehensive transcriptomic profile of the developing cornea. Combined, these data serve as a valuable resource for the identification of novel regulatory networks crucial for the advancement of studies in congenital defects, stem cell therapy, bioengineering, and adult corneal diseases.
Time dispersion and quantum mechanics

In quantum mechanics the time dimension is treated as a parameter, while the three space dimensions are treated as observables. This assumption is both untested and inconsistent with relativity. From dimensional analysis, we expect quantum effects along the time axis to be of order an attosecond. Such effects are not ruled out by current experiments. But they are large enough to be detected with current technology, if sufficiently specific predictions can be made. To supply such we use path integrals. The only change required is to generalize the usual three dimensional paths to four. We predict a large variety of testable effects. The principal effects are additional dispersion in time and full equivalence of the time/energy uncertainty principle to the space/momentum one. Additional effects include interference, diffraction, and entanglement in time. The usual ultraviolet divergences do not appear: they are suppressed by a combination of dispersion in time and entanglement in time. The approach here has no free parameters; it is therefore falsifiable. As it treats time and space with complete symmetry and does not suffer from the ultraviolet divergences, it may provide a useful starting point for attacks on quantum gravity.
Porphyrins with Exocyclic Rings. 11.1 Synthesis and Characterization of Phenanthroporphyrins, a New Class of Modified Porphyrin Chromophores

To obtain insights into the factors that influence the electronic spectra of conjugated porphyrin systems, a series of porphyrins with fused phenanthrene subunits have been synthesized. 9-Nitrophenanthrene reacted with esters of isocyanoacetic acid in the presence of DBU in THF to give a series of phenanthro[9,10-c]pyrroles 14 in good to excellent yields, and subsequent acid-catalyzed condensation with various (acetoxymethyl)pyrroles 18 gave six examples of dipyrrylmethanes 17 that incorporate a fused phenanthrene ring. Cleavage of the benzyl esters from 17a by hydrogenolysis over 10% Pd/C gave the corresponding dicarboxylic acid 24 and this condensed with diformyldipyrrylmethanes 22 under modified MacDonald “2 + 2” condensation conditions to afford the monophenanthroporphyrins 19 and 20. Dipyrrylmethanes 17d and 17f with mixed benzyl and tert-butyl ester moieties were converted into the related formyl dipyrrylmethanecarboxylic acids 29, and subsequent head-to-tail self-condensation in the presence of p-t...
The Nerve to Thyrohyoid Muscle as a Novel Donor Nerve for Laryngeal Reinnervation

Objectives:Recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) injury may be a consequence of surgical procedures of the skull base, neck, and chest, with adverse consequences to function and quality of life. Laryngea...
Analyzing and distinguishing fake and real news to mitigate the problem of disinformation

Identifying fake news has become an important issue. Increasing usage of social media has led to an increase in the number of people who can be influenced, thus the spread of fake news can potentially impact important events. Fake news has become a major societal issue and a technical challenge for social media companies to identify and has led many to extreme measures, such as WhatsApp deleting two million of its users every month to prevent the spread of fake news. The current problem of fake news is rooted in the historical problem of disinformation, which is false information intentionally, and usually clandestinely, disseminated to manipulate public opinion or obfuscate the truth. Our work addresses the problem of identifying fake news by (i) detecting and analyzing fake news features (ii) identifying the textual and sociocultural characteristics fake news features.
Aspirin Is Safe for Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis for Patients With a History of Gastrointestinal Issues

Abstract Background The safety of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA, aspirin) in patients with prior history of gastroesophageal reflux or peptic ulcer disease remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the safety of ASA for venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty in patients with prior history of gastrointestinal (GI) issues. Methods This was an institutional, retrospective cohort study of 19,044 patients who underwent primary total hip and total knee arthroplasty from 2013 to 2019. We divided the patients into two cohorts based on the presence or absence of pre-existing GI issues. Patient demographics, VTE prophylaxis, and postoperative complications were collected. The primary outcome measure was GI bleed. Results In our series, 3090 patients had a preoperative GI issue and 15,954 did not have a GI issue. ASA was the most common mode of VTE prophylaxis (89%), followed by Coumadin (4.7%), direct oralanticoagulants (4.2%), low-molecular-weight heparin (1.7%), and others (0.4%). In the cohort of patients given ASA, there was no significant difference in postoperative GI bleeding between those with (2/1781, 0.11%) and without preoperative GI issues (8/7,628, 0.10%, P = 1.0). In the overall cohort, history of preoperative GI issues was associated with an increased risk of postoperative GI bleeding (0.32% vs 0.11%, P = .031). In logistic regression analysis, ASA was associated with a protective effect against GI bleed (OR = 0.09, 95% CI 0.01-0.40, P = .003). Conclusion ASA is safe for VTE prophylaxis after total joint arthroplasty in patients with history of GI issues and is not associated with an increased risk of postoperative GI bleeds.
In vitro radiotherapy and chemotherapy alter migration of brain cancer cells before cell death.

Although radiotherapy and most cancer drugs target the proliferation of cancer cells, it is metastasis, the complex process by which cancer cells spread from the primary tumor to other tissues and organs of the body where they form new tumors, that leads to over 90% of all cancer deaths. Thus, there is an urgent need for anti-metastasis strategies alongside chemotherapy and radiotherapy. An important step in the metastatic cascade is migration. It is the first step in metastasis via local invasion. Here we address the question whether ionizing radiation and/or chemotherapy might inadvertently promote metastasis and/or invasiveness by enhancing cell migration. We used a standard laboratory irradiator, Faxitron CellRad, to irradiate both non-cancer (HCN2 neurons) and cancer cells (T98G glioblastoma) with 2 Gy, 10 Gy and 20 Gy of X-rays. Paclitaxel (5 μM) was used for chemotherapy. We then measured the attachment and migration of the cells using an electric cell substrate impedance sensing device. Both the irradiated HCN2 cells and T98G cells showed significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced migration compared to non-irradiated cells, within the first 20-40 h following irradiation with 20 Gy. Our results suggest that cell migration should be a therapeutic target in anti-metastasis/anti-invasion strategies for improved radiotherapy and chemotherapy outcomes.
Experimental Characterization and Control of an Impinging Jet Issued from a Rocket Nozzle

Rocket takeoff and landings result in high structural loads on the launch surface and the rocket components along with elevated noise levels. This article presents an experimental study of a jet is...
A time series analysis of the relation between motor skill acquisition and sleep in infancy.

Abstract To systematically examine the relation between motor milestone onset and disruption of night sleep in infancy, three families kept microgenetic, prospective, daily checklist diaries of their infants’ motor behavior and sleep (197-313 observation days; 19,000 diary entries). Process control and interrupted time series analyses examined whether deviations from the moving average for night wakings and evening sleep duration were temporally linked to motor skill onset and tested for meaningful differences in individual sleep patterns before and after skill onset. Model assumptions defined skill onset as first day of occurrence or as mastery and moving average windows as 3, 7, or 14 days. Changes in infants’ sleep patterns were associated with changing expertise for motor milestones. The temporal relation varied depending on infant and sleep parameter. Intensive longitudinal data collection may increase our understanding of micro-events in infant development.
ANALYTICAL TOOLS FOR LHe DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM DESIGN

Helium-cooled superconducting magnets depend on computer simulation to accurately analyze their various fluid systems. Because of restrictive simplifying assumptions, traditional closed-form analytical solutions generally have limited validity. Experimental methods are additional design process techniques used in analyzing complex systems. Experimental testing has several disadvantages such as economics, time, and difficulty in achieving exact operating conditions. Computational or numerical methods in the form of computer algorithms provide an extremely advantageous means of analytical solutions. These tools offer the advantages of economics, speed, flexibility, and accuracy. Two such tools for analyzing cryogenic fluid systems of superconducting magnets were developed by the thermodynamics group of General Dynamics Convair Division.
Algorithm development for a spacecraft autonomous power system

Two algorithms were developed to demonstrate the implementation of autonomous functions in an existing spacecraft power system. The functions selected for autonomous operation include a typical performance monitoring function, battery state of charge, and a fault detection and response function represented by a battery state of charge below a preselected limit. The constraints imposed by the existing power system configuration are the available data in the telemetry stream and the existing commands and command structure. The areas requiring future development are the degree of battery characterization, the effects of hardware/software faults, and the verification of faults.
Effects of Ingredients Used in Condensed and Frozen Dairy Products on Thermal Resistance of Potentially Pathogenic Staphylococci

A cell suspension of Staphylococcus aureus (196E) was injected into raw skim milk which contained different concentrations of sugar, serum solids, fat, stabilizers, and emulsifiers. The ingredient samples were exposed for the desired length of time in a constant-temperature water bath (60 C). Standard plate counts were made, and the number of surviving organisms was determined. Regression coefficients for each ingredient concentration were calculated and plotted against the per cent ingredient concentration to give an indication of protective action. Analyses of variance were conducted on bacterial counts to test the protective action of each ingredient. A comparison of the number of survivors in different sugar concentrations showed that with up to 14% sugar all the organisms were killed within 30 min. In sugar concentrations above 14%, the number of survivors increased regularly with each increase in sugar concentration up to 57%, which was the maximum used. In concentrations of serum solids above 9%, some organisms survived 35 min of heat treatment. Butter fat, stabilizer, and emulsifier did not offer any protective action in the concentrations observed.
The Beef Hormone Dispute Between the United States and the EU

Publisher Summary The beef hormone conflict between the United States and the EU has become one of the longest running and most intransigent trade disputes. In the 1970s, European consumers became alarmed about the human health effects of hormones in livestock production. A ban on the use of certain growth hormones in livestock followed in the 1980s, and this ban was eventually extended to include imports of meat from animals which were given hormones. Protests from the United States and other exporters were to no avail. The events leading up to the ban on EU use of hormones in cattle raising and on imports of hormone-treated beef are important in explaining the political longevity of the issue in Europe. Trade concerns were not dominant in the early years, and the disciplines applied by trade rules were in any case weak. For the United States, three objectives were finally achieved. First, the right of exporters to sell without trade restrictions posing as sanitary measures, but not scientifically based, was upheld. Second, the panel maintained the balance between the right to adopt higher levels of protection than are recognized internationally and the World Trade Organization (WTO) requirement that sanitary measures be based on scientific principles and not be more restrictive than they need be. Third, the panel ruled that sanitary measures predating the SPS Agreement are not exempt from its requirements. The EU also found some comfort in the result. The ruling affirmed its right to establish a level of consumer protection higher than the level set by international health standards, provided it is backed by an objective risk assessment.
Identification of heterochronic mutants in Caenorhabditis elegans: Temporal misexpression of a collagen::green fluorescent protein fusion gene

The heterochronic genes lin-4, lin-14, lin-28, and lin-29 specify the timing of lateral hypodermal seam cell terminal differentiation in Caenorhabditis elegans. We devised a screen to identify additional genes involved in this developmental timing mechanism based on identification of mutants that exhibit temporal misexpression from the col-19 promoter, a downstream target of the heterochronic gene pathway. We fused the col-19 promoter to the green fluorescent protein gene (gfp) and demonstrated that hypodermal expression of the fusion gene is adult-specific in wild-type animals and temporally regulated by the heterochronic gene pathway. We generated a transgenic strain in which the col-19::gfp fusion construct is not expressed because of mutation of lin-4, which prevents seam cell terminal differentiation. We have identified and characterized 26 mutations that restore col-19::gfp expression in the lin-4 mutant background. Most of the mutations also restore other aspects of the seam cell terminal differentiation program that are defective in lin-4 mutant animals. Twelve mutations are alleles of three previously identified genes known to be required for proper timing of hypodermal terminal differentiation. Among these are four new alleles of lin-42, a heterochronic gene for which a single allele had been described previously. Two mutations define a new gene, lin-58. When separated from lin-4, the lin-58 mutations cause precocious seam cell terminal differentiation and thus define a new member of the heterochronic gene pathway.
Socioeconomic mobility in adulthood and cardiovascular disease mortality

Purpose Life course models suggest that socioeconomic mobility is associated with decreased cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality risk. We examined adult socioeconomic mobility measured by household income in relation to CVD mortality risk among older adults.
Facilitating content creation and content research in building the city of lit digital library

In conjunction with Iowa City's designation as a UNESCO "City of Literature," an interdisciplinary research team at The University of Iowa collaborated to develop a digital library featuring important Iowa City authors and locations. The "City of Lit" digital library consists of a mobile application for the general public and a set of web-based interfaces for researchers and content creators. This paper explains the motivation and describes the design and implementation of the digital library, its framework, the user-side mobile app and our future plans. We also outline a pilot study, in which undergraduate students conducted scholarly research and created content for the digital collection.
The Rehabilitation-Recovery Paradigm: A Statement of Philosophy for a Public Mental Health System

Abstract The purpose of this statement is to provide an overview of the rehabilitative-recovery philosophy of mental health services. It is an extension of an earlier document that the author was asked to prepare for discussion within the Illinois Office of Mental Health. The use of a recovery philosophy as a general guide for service planning and delivery necessitates a process of interpreting its meaning and exploring its concrete implications for a particular system of services, a process for which this article is only the first step. It is intended to address some common questions regarding (a) the meaning of recovery, (b) the premises for adopting such a philosophy, (c) this philosophy's relationship to various service models, and (d) its implications for policy and program development with examples drawn from the Illinois public mental health services system.
In vitro induction of physiological maturation in Rana pipiens oocytes removed from their ovarian follicles

Abstract Full-grown oocytes dissected from their ovarian follicles can be induced to undergo physiological maturation by exposure, in vitro, to the steroid hormones progesterone and deoxycorticosterone or to homoplastic pituitary suspensions. Evidence for the occurrence of physiological maturation includes (1) a positive response to an activation stimulus and (2) the ability to undergo cleavage and subsequent development. While all the hormones tested are capable of inducing maturation, the steroids are most effective. Exposure of afolliculate oocytes to progesterone (1 μg/ml) for 1 hour is routinely successful in inducing maturation in 100% of the cases at virtually any time of the year. The effectiveness of pituitary preparations did not reach 100%, varied considerably, and exhibited seasonal dependence. These results support the hypothesis that steroids act directly on the oocyte to induce maturation whereas pituitary hormones act through the mediation of follicular tissue.
Autonomous parts assembly: comparison of ART and neocognitron

ABSTRACTIn this paper, we present the performance analysis of three different neural network paradigms, ART-i,ARTMAP inspired ART-i and Neocognitron, for part recognition in an autonomous assembly system. This intelligent manufacturing system integrates machine vision, neural networks and robotics in order to identify, locateand assemble randomly placed components on printed circuit boards requiring precision assembly. The system usesan IBM 7547 robot controlled by an IBM PS/2 computer, a CCD camera and an image capture card. The electronic components are identified and located by using artificial neural networks. The system's component location andidentification accuracy are tested on all test components. The results show that the neocognitron-based system performed better than the other two systems. 1.INTRODUCTION Using artificial neural networks in assembly processes in manufacturing systems is a revolutionary approach emerged recently. The most important application of the neural networks technology in this area is patternrecognition. Correct pattern identification and assembly is one of the fundamental steps taken to create systemswhich can function automatically. Another important point is to build the systems to satisfy new demand and
1411 INDOMETHACIN (I) ASSOCIATED SEPSIS IN VERY LOW BIRTH WEIGHT INFANTS

I inhibits adult neutrophil (PMN) function yet sepsis complicating I therapy in neonates with PDA has not been reported. We studied the risk of sepsis in infants treated with oral I and the effects of I on PMN chemotaxis (C), adherence (A), and killing (K). Neonates treated with I were compared to those with PDA managed expectantly or surgically. Overall, the occurrence of sepsis in infants with or without concurrent antibiotics did not differ (3/30 vs. 5/28: NS). All 7 episodes of sepsis in the I group occurred within one week of therapy. Patients in the I group developing sepsis were less mature (26.0±1.5 wks vs. 29.0±2.6 wks: p<.05), had more GI complications (3/7 vs. 1/24: p<.05), and were less likely to survive (3/7 vs. 23/24:p<.01). Concurrent antibiotics did not differ (2/7 vs. 9/24: NS). No differences were observed in PMN C and A measured before and after I in 9 neonates. No effect on C, A, or K was noted when PMN's from cord blood were incubated with I. VLBW infants treated with oral I may be at risk of sepsis shortly after therapy. The mechanism does not appear to involve PMN inhibition. GI mucosal injury from oral I may be a factor.