cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sample Return Missions in the Coming Decades: A Comparison of Entry, Descent, and Landing Scenarios

In the coming decades, several missions will attempt to return samples to Earth from varying parts of the solar system. These samples will provide invaluable insight into the conditions present during the early formation of the solar system, and possibly give clues to how life began on Earth. A description of five sample return missions is presented (Stardust, Genesis, Muses-C, Mars Sample Return, and Comet Nucleus Sample Return). An overview of each sample return mission is given, concentrating particularly on the technical challenges posed during the Earth entry, descent, and landing phase of the missions. Each mission faces unique challenges in the design of an Earth entry capsule. The design of the entry capsule must address the aerodynamic, heating, deceleration, landing, and recovery requirements for the safe return of samples to Earth.
Model of renal cell volume regulation without active transport: role of a heteroporous membrane

Isolated proximal renal tubules of rabbit reach a passive steady-state volume in isotonic medium after active transport is inhibited by ouabain or by inhibition of cellular metabolism or lack of metabolic substrates. If the tubules are then placed in a hypotonic NaCl medium they swell rapidly and then exhibit a volume regulatory decrease (VRD) similar to that seen when active transport is present. We have mathematically modeled these transient events by assuming that the basolateral cell membrane is permeated by pores having at least two distinct reflection coefficients with respect to sodium, potassium, and chloride. VRD depends on the difference of the values of the reflection coefficients of the pore types. As hydrostatic pressure is exerted by the stretching basement membrane, water and ions can be expelled from the cells across the lower reflection coefficient pores and cause VRD. When the hydrostatic pressure compliance is removed, the cells fail to volume decrease unless sufficient extracellular impermeant solute is present to provide an osmotic force for water and ion exit. We conclude that a heteroporous membrane may be an essential feature for cell volume regulation and maintenance.
The use of direct oral anticoagulants in inherited thrombophilia

To review the use of the direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) agents in inherited thrombophilia based on the literature. MEDLINE, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and Google Scholar searches (1970-May 2016) were conducted for case reports, case series, retrospective cohorts, or clinical trials using the key words: protein C deficiency, protein S deficiency, antithrombin deficiency, activated protein C resistance, Factor V Leiden, hypercoagulable, NOACs, dabigatran, apixaban, rivaroxaban, betrixaban, edoxaban, Xa inhibitor, direct thrombin inhibitor. Results were limited to English-only articles. Clinical studies evaluating the use of DOACs for hypercoagulable states related to inherited thrombophilia were selected and evaluated. Thrombophilia, a predisposition to thrombosis, manifests predominantly as venous thromboembolism. Causes of inherited thrombophilia include antithrombin deficiency, deficiencies of proteins C and S, and Factor V Leiden mutation. Many patients with thrombophilia receive anticoagulant therapy for primary or secondary prevention of VTE, historically either warfarin or a heparin product. DOAC's have been considered as potential alternatives to traditional agents based on their pharmacologic activity. Case reports and a post-hoc analysis of a clinical trial have indicated positive results in patients with inherited thrombophilia and VTE. Positive results have been reported for the use of DOACs in inherited thrombophilia. Further robust studies are needed for definitive decision making by clinicians.
On application of LASSO for sparse support recovery with imperfect correlation awareness

In this paper, the problem of identifying the common sparsity support of multiple measurement vectors (MMV) is considered. The model is given by y[n] = Ax s [n], 1 ⋄ n ⋄ L where {y[n]} n=1 L denote the L measurement vectors, A ∈ RM×N is the measurement matrix and x s [n] ∈ RN are the unknown vectors with same sparsity support denoted by the set S 0 with |S 0 | = D. It has been shown in a recent paper by the authors that when the elements of x s [n] are uncorrelated from each other, one can recover sparsity levels as high as O(M2) for suitably designed measurement matrix. This result was shown assuming the knowledge that the nonzero elements are perfectly uncorrelated and that we have perfect estimates for the data correlation matrix, (the latter is true in the limit as L → ∞). In this paper, we formulate the problem of support recovery in the non ideal setting, i.e., when the correlation matrix is estimated with finite L. The resulting support recovery problem which explicitly utilizes the correlation knowledge, can be formulated as a LASSO. The performance of such “correlation aware” LASSO is analyzed by providing lower bounds on the probability of successful recovery as a function of the number L of measurement vectors. Numerical results are also provided to demonstrate the superior performance of the proposed correlation aware framework over conventional MMV techniques under identical conditions.
Single-Molecule Protein Folding Experiments Using High-Precision Optical Tweezers

How proteins fold from linear chains of amino acids to delicate three-dimensional structures remains a fundamental biological problem. Single-molecule manipulation based on high-resolution optical tweezers (OT) provides a powerful approach to study protein folding with unprecedented spatiotemporal resolution. In this method, a single protein or protein complex is tethered between two beads confined in optical traps and pulled. Protein unfolding induced by the mechanical force is counteracted by the spontaneous folding of the protein, reaching a dynamic equilibrium at a characteristic force and rate. The transition is monitored by the accompanying extension change of the protein and used to derive conformations and energies of folding intermediates and their associated transition kinetics. Here, we provide general strategies and detailed protocols to study folding of proteins and protein complexes using optical tweezers, including sample preparation, DNA-protein conjugation and methods of data analysis to extract folding energies and rates from the single-molecule measurements.
Application of sociometer badges in simulated health environments: Can wearable devices quantify individual’s workload?

Workload experienced by health care workers continues to be a challenge to define and quantify. The purpose of the current study is to present descriptive data on the application of sociometers in ...
Stripe Rust Resistance

Stripe rust is best controlled by utilizing genetic resistance. Resistance to stripe rust has been studied for more than a century, but most progresses have been made during the last three decades. Two major types of resistance, all-stage resistance (ASR) and adult-plant resistance (APR) or high-temperature adult-plant (HTAP) resistance, have been characterized and used in breeding for resistant cultivars in both wheat and barley. So far, 78 permanently named, 67 temporarily designated and 327 quantitative trait loci (QTL) have been reported in various wheat varieties. The majority of these genes and QTL have been located to wheat chromosomes. Although some of the genes or QTL are the same, these numbers indicate that there are abundant resistance genes in wheat germplasm, which can be used for improving stripe rust resistance in commercially grown cultivars. Although the number is smaller, more than 50 resistance loci have been reported in barley for resistance to stripe rust, and about 30 loci have been mapped to barley chromosomes. Based on the characteristics of different types of resistance and the rich sources of resistance genes and molecular markers, we discuss different strategies for developing resistant cultivars and propose to use the combination of genes for durable APR or HTAP resistance and effective ASR to achieve more effective and sustainable control of stripe rust.
Long-term survival in oligometastatic head and neck cancer patients.

6029Background: Aggressive therapies for patients with oligometastatic disease are increasingly being administered with definitive intent in the context of clinical trials. However, outcomes in oli...
Assuring Quality for Non-hospital–based Biologic Infusions in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Clinical Report From the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition

The primary aim of this Clinical Report by the North American Society for Pediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition is to provide formal guidance to pediatric gastroenterologists and clinicians, health systems, and insurance payers regarding home- and office-based infusions for biologic therapies in pediatric inflammatory bowel disease. Patients in North America are increasingly denied coverage by payers based on "place of service" codes at hospital-based infusion units where the treating clinicians primarily provide care. A task force with topic expertise generated 8 best practice recommendations to ensure quality of care for pediatric patients with inflammatory bowel disease receiving non-hospital-based biologic infusions. Pragmatic considerations discussed in this report include patient safety, pediatric-trained nurse availability, care coordination, patient-centeredness, shared liability, administrative support, clinical governance, and costs of care.
ABRAHAM HALEVI’S COMPENDIUM ON THE GENERIC NAME OF GOD IN THE TANAKH

The present paper analyses the study of the grammatical and lexical features of God ’ s generic name contained in the classic Jewish compendium authored by Abraham ben Daud Halevi and situates it against the disquisitions of Judah Halevi, Maimonides and Joseph Albo. These mediaeval compendia were comprehensive presentations of the Jewish tradition devised as instruments for cultivating the Jewish identity. In the Hebrew Bible both אלוה and אלוהים could denote not only God of Israel but also different agents of power such as judges, leaders, nobles, the mighty, angels or idols, depending on the context. Therefore, this topic merited examination within the framework of the Jewish tradition.
The dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) modulates cultural variation in emotional experience

Prior work suggests that people who carry a 7- or 2-repeat allele of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) are more sensitive to environmental influences than those who do not carry this allele. Since culture is an important aspect of the environment for all humans, the carriers of this allele may be more likely to show culturally typical response patterns than non-carriers. The current work tested this hypothesis in the domain of emotional experience. Whereas European Americans typically report experiencing positive emotions more than negative emotions, this positivity bias is atypical for East Asians. Accordingly, we predicted that the positivity bias in emotional experience would be moderated by both DRD4 and culture. 194 European Americans and 204 East Asians rated the frequency of actually experiencing various positive and negative emotions in a typical week. As predicted, we found a significant culture × DRD4 interaction for emotional experience. East Asian carriers (versus non-carriers) of the 7/2R allele of DRD4 reported experiencing greater emotional balance (i.e., weaker positivity bias), than non-carriers of these alleles. For European Americans, however, the pattern was reversed such that the positivity bias was stronger, albeit non-significantly, among the carriers than among the non-carriers. Of note, the culture × DRD4 interaction effect was absent for desirability ratings of experiencing the same set of emotions. Implications for cultural acquisition processes are discussed.
Smooth Signed Distance Surface Reconstruction and Applications

We describe a new and simple variational formulation to reconstruct the surface geometry, topology, and color map of a 3D scene from a finite set of colored oriented points. Point clouds are nowadays obtained using a variety of techniques, including structured lighting systems, pasive multi-view stereo algorithms, and 3D laser scanning. In our formulation the implicit function is forced to be a smooth approximation of the signed distance function to the surface. The formulation allows for a number of different efficient discretizations, reduces to a finite dimensional least squares problem for all linearly parameterized families of functions, does not require the specification of boundary conditions, and it is particularly good at extrapolating missing and/or irregularly sampled data. The resulting algorithms are significantly simpler and easier to implement than alternative methods. In particular, our implementation based on a primal-graph octree-based hybrid finite element-finite difference discretization, and the Dual Marching Cubes isosurface extraction algorithm is very efficient, and produces high quality crack-free adaptive manifold polygon meshes. After the geometry and topology are reconstructed, the color information from the points is smoothly extrapolated to the surface by solving a second variational problem which also reduces to a finite dimensional least squares problem. The resulting method produces high quality polygon meshes with smooth color maps, which accurately approximate the source colored oriented points. An open source implementation of this method is available for download. We describe applications to digital archaeology, 3D forensics, and 3D broadcasting.
Diagnosis and Treatment of Acute Low Back Pain

Acute low back pain is one of the most common reasons for adults to see a family physician. Although most patients recover quickly with minimal treatment, proper evaluation is imperative to identify rare cases of serious underlying pathology. Certain red flags should prompt aggressive treatment or referral to a spine specialist, whereas others are less concerning. Serious red flags include significant trauma related to age (i.e., injury related to a fall from a height or motor vehicle crash in a young patient, or from a minor fall or heavy lifting in a patient with osteoporosis or possible osteoporosis), major or progressive motor or sensory deficit, new-onset bowel or bladder incontinence or urinary retention, loss of anal sphincter tone, saddle anesthesia, history of cancer metastatic to bone, and suspected spinal infection. Without clinical signs of serious pathology, diagnostic imaging and laboratory testing often are not required. Although there are numerous treatments for nonspecific acute low back pain, most have little evidence of benefit. Patient education and medications such as nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, acetaminophen, and muscle relaxants are beneficial. Bed rest should be avoided if possible. Exercises directed by a physical therapist, such as the McKenzie method and spine stabilization exercises, may decrease recurrent pain and need for health care services. Spinal manipulation and chiropractic techniques are no more effective than established medical treatments, and adding them to established treatments does not improve outcomes. No substantial benefit has been shown with oral steroids, acupuncture, massage, traction, lumbar supports, or regular exercise programs.
Delta-tocotrienol inhibits non-small-cell lung cancer cell invasion via the inhibition of NF-κB, uPA activator, and MMP-9.

Background Delta-tocotrienol (δT), an isomer of vitamin E, exhibits anticancer properties in different cancer types including non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Yet, anti-invasive effects of δT and its underlying cellular mechanism in NSCLC have not been fully explored. Matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9)-based cell migration and invasion are critical cellular mechanisms in cancer development. The current evidence indicates that MMP-9 is upregulated in most patients, and the inhibition of MMPs is involved in decreasing invasion and metastasis in NSCLC. Therefore, its suppression is a promising strategy for attenuating cell invasion and metastasis processes in NSCLC. Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the possibility of MMP-9 inhibition as the underlying mechanism behind the antimetastatic properties of δT on NSCLC cells. Methods The effects of δT on cell proliferation, migration, invasion, adhesion, and aggregation capabilities were investigated using different cell-based assays. An inhibitory effect of MMP-9 enzyme activity with δT was also identified using gel zymography. Using real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, a number of cellular proteins, regulatory genes, and miRNA involved in the Notch-1 and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA)-mediated MMP-9 pathways were examined. Results The study found that δT inhibited cell proliferation, cell migration, invasion, aggregation, and adhesion in a concentration-dependent manner and reduced MMP-9 activities. Real-time PCR and Western blot analysis data revealed that δT increased miR-451 expressions and downregulated Notch-1-mediated nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), which led to the repressed expression of MMP-9 and uPA proteins. Conclusion δT attenuated tumor invasion and metastasis by the repression of MMP-9/uPA via downregulation of Notch-1 and NF-κB pathways and upregulation of miR-451. The data suggest that δT may have potential therapeutic benefit against NSCLC metastasis.
Arylsulfonylacetamides as bifunctional reagents for alkene aminoarylation

Alkene aminoarylation with a single, bifunctional reagent is a concise synthetic strategy. We report a catalytic protocol for the addition of arylsulfonylacetamides across electron-rich alkenes with complete anti-Markovnikov regioselectivity and excellent diastereoselectivity to provide 2,2-diarylethylamines. In this process, single-electron alkene oxidation enables carbon-nitrogen bond formation to provide a key benzylic radical poised for a Smiles-Truce 1,5-aryl shift. This reaction is redox-neutral, exhibits broad functional group compatibility, and occurs at room temperature with loss of sulfur dioxide. As this process is driven by visible light, uses readily available starting materials, and demonstrates convergent synthesis, it is well suited for use in a variety of synthetic endeavors.
2018 European Control Conference (ECC) June 12-15, 2018. Limassol, Cyprus Optimal Energy Reserve Procurement

Uncertainties from renewables and demands create power imbalances in real-time electricity markets. This paper studies the problem of procuring reserve services in forward capacity markets from diverse resources to cover imbalance signals $\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{t}}$. We consider the reserve procurement problem in two scenarios: (a) $\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{t}}$ reveals itself causally, (b) $\mathrm{e}^{\mathrm{t}}$ is revealed all at once by an oracle. Each case induces an optimal resource procurement cost. The ratio between the costs in these two cases is defined as the price of causality. It captures the additional procurement cost from not knowing the entire imbalance signal in advance. An upper bound on the price of causality is derived, and the exact price of causality is computed in some special cases. The algorithmic basis for these computations is set containment linear programming. A mechanism is proposed to allocate the procurement cost to agents that contribute to the aggregate imbalance signal. This allocation is fair, budget- balanced, and respects the cost causation principle. Our resultsare validated through simulation studies, where we explore the dependence of the price of causality on unit resource prices.
The Role of Workplace Leaders Who Champion Workforce Inter-Personnel Diversity

A supportive culture, champions, communication, time, and change are needed to sustain workforce inter-personnel diversity in organizations. Many workforces have undereducated and undertrained employees. For effective change to occur leaders must champion change efforts. Leaders are needed to champion workforce inter-personnel diversity efforts in the workplace. The champions must be dedicated to employee development efforts. They must inspire employees to perform to meet productivity goals; provide leadership that attract followers to help them achieve organization goals; establish realistic job performance criteria; provide appropriate performance incentives; and support competency-based, skill-based, and/or performance-based pay efforts. Champions must expand their view beyond a narrow frame which can become rigid fallacies and block opportunities for success. Extending thought processes beyond the norm can allow HRD professionals to gain credibility and an opportunity to lead more workplace initiatives. Leaders can use their power to establish workforce inter-personnel diversity so that all employees become a part of alliances and networks that have a reputation of success. They can help their followers understand how to work together because of their understanding of symbols of success for the organization. Within workforce inter-personnel diversity initiatives, champions can manage employee efforts using competency, skill, and/or performance-based pay systems so that all employees feel valued by their organizations based on objective measures.
A CASE OF ACUTE FULMINANT HEART FAILURE ABATED BY THE HEART TEAM

Early recognition of acute fulminant myocarditis is critical to ensure timely therapy. 53 year old female presented with syncope and NSTEMI (troponin 17 ng/ml). Initial ECG showed complete heart block (CHB). Cardiac catheterization revealed normal coronary arteries, while echocardiogram showed
Geometric analysis of 1+1 dimensional quasilinear wave equations.

We prove global well-posedness of the initial value problem for a class of variational quasilinear wave equations, in one spatial dimension, with initial data that is not-necessarily small. Key to our argument is a form of quasilinear null condition (a "nilpotent structure") that persists for our class of equations even in the large data setting. This in particular allows us to prove global well-posedness for $C^2$ initial data of moderate decrease, provided the data is sufficiently close to that which generates a simple traveling wave. We take here a geometric approach inspired by works in mathematical relativity and recent works on shock formation for fluid systems. First we recast the equations of motion in terms of a dynamical double-null coordinate system; we show that this formulation semilinearizes our system and decouples the wave variables from the null structure equations. After solving for the wave variables in the double-null coordinate system, we next analyze the null structure equations, using the wave variables as input, to show that the dynamical coordinates are $C^1$ regular and covers the entire space-time.
Replay of cortical spiking sequences during human memory retrieval

Episodic memory retrieval is thought to rely on the replay of past experiences, yet it remains unknown how human single-unit activity is temporally organized during episodic memory encoding and retrieval. We found that ripple oscillations in the human cortex reflect underlying bursts of single-unit spiking activity that are organized into memory-specific sequences. Spiking sequences occurred repeatedly during memory formation and were replayed during successful memory retrieval, and this replay was associated with ripples in the medial temporal lobe. Together, these data demonstrate that human episodic memory is encoded by specific sequences of neural activity and that memory recall involves reinstating this temporal order of activity.
Curiosity is associated with enhanced tonic firing in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex

Disparity between current and desired information, known as information gap, is an important driver of information-seeking and curiosity. To gain insight into its neural basis, we recorded responses of single neurons in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) while rhesus macaques performed a task that induces and quantifies demand for information. We find that enhanced firing rates in dACC before the start of a trial predict a stronger bias towards information-seeking choices. Following choices of uninformative options, firing rates are tonically enhanced until information is delivered. The level of enhancement observed is correlated on a trial-by-trial basis with the value assigned to the prospective information. Finally, variation in this tone is positively correlated with receptiveness to new information, as inferred by preference changes on subsequent trials. These patterns are not observed in a complementary dataset collected in orbitofrontal cortex (OFC), suggesting these effects reflect at least somewhat anatomically localized processing.
Measuring Learning in the Blink of an Eye: Adolescents' Neurophysiological Reactions Predict Long-Term Memory for Stories

Anticipating what adolescents will remember is a common goal in education research, but what tools allow us to predict adolescents’ memory without interrupting the learning process as it naturally occurs? To attempt to identify neurophysiological markers of deep processing that may predict long-term retention, here we conducted an exploratory study by adding a cued recall probe to the last wave of data collection in a longitudinal psychosocial and neuroimaging study of 65 urban adolescents. Five years prior, and again three years prior, participants had reacted to the same emotionally evocative true stories during a videotaped interview that allowed us to measure eye blink rate (EBR), and again during fMRI scanning. We analyzed EBR and neural data from the initial story exposure. We found that memory for a story was predicted by both EBR (a proxy for striatal dopamine) and default mode network neural activity to that story (involved in integrative memory and processing of emotional feelings). EBR and default mode network activity were uncorrelated and explained additive variance. Though more work is needed, our study contributes preliminary supportive evidence linking EBR and neural activity trial-by-trial to long-term memory in a naturalistic task. The analyses suggest that including EBR, a non-invasive, portable and inexpensive measure that can be coded from high-quality video recording, could be useful in future studies of adolescents’ learning.
Expression of Cyr61 in ApoE-/- mice with chronic unilateral renal artery ligation.

Cyr61 is a member of the CCN family of proteins that is expressed in atherosclerotic lesions and regulated by angiotensin II. It is unknown whether renal artery stenosis (RAS) increases Cyr61 expression. Male ApoE-/- mice were randomized to surgically induced RAS, RAS + treatment with either irbesartan, aliskiren or amlodipine or sham-surgery. RAS resulted in increased plasma angiotensin II levels, a mild, sustained increase in systolic blood pressure and increased aortic lipid deposition compared to sham-surgery. Surgically induced RAS led to the formation of atheroma in the infrarenal aorta and there was consistent and intense staining for Cyr61 within the atheroma. Treatment with irbesartan, aliskiren and amlodipine were associated with decreased aortic lipid deposition and decreased staining for Cyr61 in aortic atheroma. Serum levels of Cyr61 were not increased in mice or humans with RAS. In summary, Cyr61 expression in aortic atheroma but not serum is increased by RAS in ApoE-/- mice and is reduced by agents that lower blood pressure.
The first quixotic sports hero: Federico Martín Bahamontes and national identity creation in Spain

Spain in the twentieth century was a country in search of a unified national identity. The Franco regime (1939–75) set this nationalising process as one of its main goals, in order to legitimise it...
The Great Recession and Economic Resilience: A Longitudinal Analysis of Low-Income Households in the United States

This paper examined the extent to which low-income households in the United States recovered from the Great Recession. Using the 2008 Survey of Income and Program Participation Panel, this longitud...
Persistence of Performance

Performance persistence refers to a portfolio manager's ability to consistently deliver investment returns above (or below) a benchmark return. Keywords: methodology for empirical testing of performance persistence; models for performance evaluation; methodology for assessing persistence; evidence; issues outstanding
Eco-Feminism in Emily Dickinson's Poetry

Through the study of Emily Dickinson’s life and her works as well as the comments on her, the thesis is intended to find out that how Eco-feminism influences her works and life deeply, and the perspective of Eco-feminism in her poetry. As one of the most prominent poetesses in the nineteenth century, Emily Dickinson made a great impact on American literature, and she was praised as “the most topping poetess in the west since Sapphic”. She was outstanding among the contemporary poets for her unique writing style, creating images and profound ideology. This thesis begins with the fundamental introduction of Emily Dickinson and the Eco-feminist criticism. Based on the former researches on Dickinson and her poetry, this paper further discusses Dickinson’s Eco-feminism, mainly exploring Dickinson’s rebellion and challenge on the religious belief, literary trends and social tradition in the nineteenth century. After that, this thesis analyzes the themes and styles of Dickinson’s poetry from Eco-feminism. Through the Eco-feminist reading of the themes and styles of Dickinson’s poetry, Dickinson research not only means to make a detailed description and analysis of her life and poetry, but also means to provide new interpretive methods and appreciating perspectives. In the first chapter of this essay, I just explain the Eco-feminism idea in a whole way. The reflection of Eco-feminism to Dickinson’s life and her poems writing are discussed in the second and third chapter. In the last chapter, I mainly analyze the Eco-feminist style in Dickinson’s poems.
Designer genes and anti-anxiety drugs.

Anxiolytic-like and sedative effects of benzodiazepines can be dissociated in mice with a mutant GABAA receptor α1 subunit gene or in wild-type mice by a new benzodiazepine-site ligand.
Spatial and temporal considerations in next place predictions

We present synthesized findings from a systematic study of user mobility based on a well grounded data set through mining attributes of place-to-place transitions. Next place predictions are the atomic units in constructing end-to-end user mobility trajectories based on historical trace data. These trajectories in turn form models for opportunistic networks to be utilized for providing location and communication services. We start with a baseline of the user's current place, start time, and end time to predict the next place. We demonstrate the efficiency of an algorithm called PeriodicaS through aggregated average prediction accuracies across all users over a large set of diverse participants. PeriodicaS mines periodicity intelligently in users' mobility traces and further improves prediction accuracies with additional classification rules. We derive these classification rules by applying explicit semantic annotations (home, work place and public transportation points associated with places visited), and accompanying group information. We propose novel ways of transforming bits of information in the mobility traces, defined to be inherent semantic annotations, as features for mobility modeling in PeriodicaS. Inherent semantic annotations are computed with temporal variations from visited places such as end time only, and measuring duration time. We deduce more inherent semantic annotations from place rankings by frequency of visits. By progressively employing these two types of semantic annotations, explicitly stated in the data set and deduced from the mobility traces, we improve next place prediction accuracies up to 54% compared to baseline predictions.
Testimony of Robert Hockett: Improving Financial Institution Supervision: Examining and Addressing Regulatory Capture

This written testimony accompanied Professor Hockett's oral testimony before the U.S. Senate Committee on Banking, Housing and Urban Affairs, Subcommittee on Financial Institutions and Consumer Protection, given on 21 November 2014. Professor Hockett testifies that the Federal Reserve Board (FRB) and the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (FRBNY) have made remarkable strides in addressing the 'reactiveness' and 'groupthink' challenges identified by internal critics in the wake of the 2008-09 financial dramas, but that further improvement might be in order where the bank examination process is concerned. He also makes structural reform recommendations aimed toward that end.
Effects of parasitic capacitances on the small-signal frequency response of a regulated dc-to-dc converter designed for discontinuous-mmf operation

The presence of parasitic capacitances in the power stage of a dc-to-dc converter designed for discontinuous-mmf operation results in a ringing of the mmf during the time that the mmf is intended to be equal to zero. With a constant-frequency controller, this ringing is shown to result in a widely fluctuating small-signal loop gain for relatively small changes in operating conditions. This fluctuating loop gain, which cannot be predicted by present-day smal1-signal-modeling techniques, may result in instability if not allowed for in the design process.
Switching Antipsychotics as a Treatment Strategy for Antipsychotic-Induced Weight Gain and Dyslipidemia

Patients taking antipsychotic medications for psychiatric disorders also have many risk factors for medical comorbidities and early death. While these risk factors were present before the arrival of the newer antipsychotic medications, the overall risk factor burden is exacerbated for those high-risk patients whose antipsychotic therapy causes or aggravates obesity or dyslipidemia. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective interventions to address problems related to the additional iatrogenic burden from weight gain and dyslipidemias caused by antipsychotic medications. For patients with schizophrenia, complete discontinuation of antipsychotic therapy is not advisable and, therefore, pharmacologic options are narrowed to dose adjustments, adding adjunctive agents to induce weight loss, discontinuation of other adjunctive agents associated with weight gain, or changing the antipsychotic medication ("switching"). This article reviews the evidence showing that relative to other possible treatment options, switching to an antipsychotic with a lower propensity to induce weight gain or dyslipidemia can be effective for reversing the weight gain and dyslipidemia caused by previous antipsychotic treatment.
Magnetization and magnetoresistance in insulating phases of Sr Fe O 3 − δ

Two insulating phases of $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ have been found by the introduction of oxygen deficiencies in metallic $\mathrm{Sr}\mathrm{Fe}{\mathrm{O}}_{3}$, one with $0.15\ensuremath{\leqslant}\ensuremath{\delta}\ensuremath{\leqslant}0.19$ (Sample A) and the other above $\ensuremath{\delta}=0.19$ (Sample B). Sample A shows large negative magnetoresistance around the charge ordering temperature (CO) associated with a magnetic anomaly. A three-dimensional variable range hopping associated with a localized moment antiferromagnetic behavior was seen in Sample B without any measurable CO down to 70 K. Ac and dc susceptibilities (${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{ac}}$ and ${\ensuremath{\chi}}_{\mathrm{dc}}$) show multiple magnetic anomalies associated with a frustrated magnetic order with competing ferro- and antiferromagnetic interactions. The frustration decreases with increasing content of ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$, the direct consequence of which is the dilution of helical magnetic spin ordering. The competing effects of ferro- and antiferromagnetic phases extend up to high temperatures $T\ensuremath{\sim}230\phantom{\rule{0.3em}{0ex}}\mathrm{K}$ revealing a characteristic temperature scale not known earlier. These observations are discussed in the context of magnetic interactions associated with ${\mathrm{Fe}}^{4+}∕{\mathrm{Fe}}^{3+}$.
From Reconstruction to Deconstruction: Undermining Black Ownership, Political Independence, and Community Through Partition Sales of Tenancy in Common Property

This article considers one of the primary ways in which African Americans have lost millions of acres of land that they were able to acquire in the latter part of the nineteenth century and the beginning part of the twentieth century and the sociopolitical implications of this land loss. Specifically, this article highlights the fact that forced partition sales of tenancy in common property, referred to more commonly as heirs' property, have been a major source of black land loss within the African American community. The article argues that involuntary black land loss has had a significant negative impact upon the African American community given that the acquisition of land represented more than simply the acquisition of an important economic asset for African Americans who had been denied the opportunity for the most part to become real property owners prior to the Civil War and the period of Reconstruction. Consistent with political and property theory, after Reconstruction, many African Americans believed that landownership would enable them to participate much more robustly in the political life of the country and in civil society and that such ownership would provide African Americans with a foundation for the establishment of healthy and stable communities. In contrast to the default rules governing exit from tenancy in common ownership, the article demonstrates that the law often enables certain groups or communities to own property under various common ownership structures in a way that supports the ability of these groups and communities to maintain stable ownership of their real property over time. Given that poor and minority communities have lost a great deal of land that they had valued for both important economic and non-economic reasons, this article advocates for several reform proposals. These proposed reforms include proposed modifications to the default rules governing tenancy in common property that would enable groups such as African Americans who own much of their land under these default rules to maintain ownership of their property in a significantly more stable way than they do today.
Conflict Strategies Related to Organizational Theories and Management Systems.

Abstract : The report describes in theoretical terms the relevance of management systems theory to the problem of conflict management. Possibilities for resolving conflict constructively are seen as residing in the use of an interaction influence system characterized by a participative-group structure. (Author)
Phase-Contrast and Electron Microscopy of Murine Strains of Mycoplasma

Abstract Nelson, John B. (The Rockefeller University, New York, N.Y.), and Michael J. Lyons. Phase-contrast and electron microscopy of murine strains of Mycoplasma. J. Bacteriol. 90:1750–1763. 1965.—Two strains of Mycoplasma pulmonis (associated with infectious catarrh) on examination in fluid culture (20% horse serum-bouillon) by phase microscopy were highly pleomorphic, with many bacilliform elements and fewer coccoid ones. Motility, characterized by gliding of rods and spinning of spherical forms, was observed through the 9th subculture of one strain and the 15th of the second. Motile elements were not seen in later transfers and pleomorphism was reduced. One strain of M. neurolyticum (associated with conjunctivitis and encephalitis) was much less pleomorphic and showed neither bacilliform elements nor motility at any time. When examined by negative-contrast electron microscopy, organisms of this strain were found to have an average diameter of 0.7 μ and to possess a concentrated peripheral layer of cytoplasm and a central mass which may represent the cells' nuclear equivalent. The latter feature was not prominent in spherical forms of M. pulmonis. These cells, when observed after 48 hr of culture, showed evidence of the generation of new progeny cells in their central area. The filamentous or bacilliform cells of M. pulmonis were frequently serpentine in appearance, 2.0 to 3.0 μ in length and 80 to 250 mμ in width. They appeared to generate new cells from terminal buds from which outpouchings initially developed. Older cells, in the stationary phase, showed evidence of undergoing multipolar germination. Microtubules, about 60 mμ wide, were found in association with most filamentous cells from 48-hr cultures; fragments of membrane, studded with closely packed ribosomelike particles, were also found. There was no evidence of flagella or any specialized structure that could account for the observed motility of the organisms.
Kinetics of crystallization of isotactic polypropylene between 120 and 160C.

Physical changes which accompany the crystallization of isotactic polypropylenes have been observed by dilatometry and optical microscopy at temperatures between 120 and 160°C. Samples were fused at 220°C. and then held at a predetermined crystallization temperature for times ranging up to many hours. Rate constants for the crystallization were calculated from volume changes and from measurements of radial growth of spherulites. Polypropylenes from different sources exhibited quite different concentrations of spherulites and growth rates. Crystallization appears to proceed, at least at the higher temperatures, by spherical growth from a fixed number of nuclei, apparently arising from foreign matter in the polymer. With decreasing temperature, the number of nuclei (hence also the number of spherulites) increases, since apparently the conditions for nucleation become less critical. The crystallization follows the kinetics of a nucleation-controlled process according to an Avrami equation, -log (1 - ΔV / ΔV ∞) = kt3. Deviations from the third power of time at the lower temperatures may be the result of a secondary ordering process, slower than the primary crystallization.
Vitamin D and gestational diabetes mellitus

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) complicates 7 %-14 % of pregnancies in the United States. Vitamin D deficiency also is common in pregnancy. Emerging evidence suggests that Vitamin D administration can improve insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance, but whether vitamin D supplementation can prevent GDM is unknown. Observational studies provide conflicting evidence as to whether low serum 25-hydroxyvitmain D (25(OH)D) levels are associated with GDM. Two recent systematic reviews concluded that vitamin D deficiency is associated with a higher risk of GDM. However, these reviews are limited by the observational and diverse nature of the included studies. Of greatest concern is the inability to understand how important confounding variables such as race/ethnicity and adiposity might affect the association. Randomized controlled trial data remain limited but are critical to understanding whether supplementation with vitamin D beyond what is contained in routine prenatal vitamins will prevent GDM or improve glucose tolerance for women with GDM.
Selective final-state population in electron capture by low-energy highly charged projectiles studied by energy-gain spectroscopy

Energy-gain spectra and total cross sections have been measured for projectiles of 492-eV Ne/sup +10/ and 443-eV Ne/sup +9/ capturing electrons from rare-gas targets. For each collision system a single, or at most two, principal quantum numbers on the projectile are found to be populated. The effective electron-transfer probabilities are found to be quite dependent upon the collision system.
Banking Options and Neighborhood Crime: Does Fringe Banking Increase Neighborhood Crime?

In the past few years, scholars interested in neighborhoods and crime have turned their attention to the role of neighborhood organizations. Recently, (Kubrin, Squires, Graves, and Ousey, Criminology & Public Policy, 10(2), 437–466, 2011) examined the impact of payday lenders on neighborhood crime. They found that there is a significant relationship between payday lenders, and both violent and property crime rates. The current research builds upon their work by exploring banking options in the city of Norfolk, Virginia. Findings indicate that the presence of payday lenders is significantly related to property crime in 2010 and violent crime in 2010, though the findings for violent crimes are not robust. Also there is a mild suppression effect predicting violent crime rates once socioeconomic deprivation is controlled. Pawn shops are not significantly related to either property or violent crimes. Interestingly banks are significant positive predictors of both property and violent crimes. The difference between the findings here and those of (Kubrin, Squires, Graves, and Ousey, Criminology & Public Policy, 10(2), 437–466, 2011) are discussed.
Forty mouse strain survey of body composition.

Abstract We measured body weight and composition of ∼ 10 male and ∼ 10 female mice from 40 inbred strains. Body composition was assessed in ∼ 16-wk old mice that had been individually housed and fed a high-carbohydrate, low-fat diet (AIN-76A) for the previous 8 wk. Carcass lean and fat weights were assessed using a PIXIMus II DEXA and confirmed by fat extraction assay. There was a nearly continuous range of body weights, from a strain mean ± SE of 11.4 ± 0.2 g (MSM/MsJ) to 39.3 ± 1.8 g (NON/LtJ). The percentage of body weight that was fat (%Fat) ranged from 16 ± 4% (C58/J) to 39 ± 2% (NON/LtJ). In general, heavier strains had a higher %Fat (r = 0.57) but several light strains were also quite fat (e.g., SPRET/EiJ, body weight = 15.7 ± 0.6 g, %Fat = 26 ± 1%). Males were significantly heavier than females in 26 strains and significantly fatter than females in 9 strains; only the KK/H1J strain had fatter females than males. Some of the fattest strains are infrequently used in obesity experiments, for example the JF1/Ms and CBA/J strains. These data illustrate the diversity of body weight and composition in inbred mice. They will serve as a reference standard and assist in the selection of strains for future work.
Neural correlates of strategic reasoning during competitive games

Although human and animal behaviors are largely shaped by reinforcement and punishment, choices in social settings are also influenced by information about the knowledge and experience of other decision-makers. During competitive games, monkeys increased their payoffs by systematically deviating from a simple heuristic learning algorithm and thereby countering the predictable exploitation by their computer opponent. Neurons in the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) signaled the animal’s recent choice and reward history that reflected the computer’s exploitative strategy. The strength of switching signals in the dmPFC also correlated with the animal’s tendency to deviate from the heuristic learning algorithm. Therefore, the dmPFC might provide control signals for overriding simple heuristic learning algorithms based on the inferred strategies of the opponent.