cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Multiple Meanings of Inbreeding: The Key to Understanding the Social and Genetic Structure of Subterranean Rodent Populations

Elements of social structure such asmating system or differential dispersal can contribute to genetic structuring of a population. Genetic structure can, in turn, influence the evolution of social structure in a population. While kin selection is the most obvious mechanism for this, lack of dispersal and inbreeding have also been suggested as contributing factors. For example, inbreeding is frequently cited as the explanation for the evolution of eusociality in s based on a number of early assumptions about naked mole-rat natural history, dispersal, and demography. The case of the naked mole-rat illustrates that the term “inbreeding” has a number of biologically andmathematically distinct definitions and is used to describe a range of very different phenomena at the individual andpopulation levels. Examining the differences among these terms allows us to understand how populations of naked mole-rats, and a wide variety of other subterranean mammals, can be ‘inbred’ in the drift or pedigree sense, at the same time that individuals avoid ‘inbreeding’ as their system of mating. It is critical to understand these distinct meanings of inbreeding because only system of mating inbreeding would necessarily foster evolution of eusociality.
Review of fossil abalone (Gastropoda: Vetigastropoda: Haliotidae) with comparison to Recent species

Compared to their Recent counterparts, fossil abalone are rare and poorly known. Their taxonomy is problematic, because most of the 35 fossil species have been described from single specimens and shell characteristics of Recent species are extremely plastic. Thus, the use of fossil species in phylogeny is questionable. Abalone first appear in the Upper Cretaceous (Maastrichian) with one species each in California and the Caribbean, are unknown in the Paleocene, and appear again in the late Eocene and Oligocene of New Zealand and Europe. They are regularly found from the late Miocene to the Recent in tropical to temperate regions worldwide. Most records are from intensely studied areas: SW North America, Caribbean, Europe, South Africa, Japan, and Australia. Despite their highest present-day diversity being found in the Indo-Pacific, their scarcity in the fossil record in this region is remarkable. The family may have originated in the central Indo-Pacific, Pacific Rim, or Tethys. An extensive list of all known fossil records including new ones from Europe and western North America is given. Fossil and Recent abalone both apparently lived in the shallow, rocky sublittoral in tropical and temperate climates. No on-shore/off-shore pattern is detected.
Shear Wave Velocity Measurement in the Centrifuge Using Bender Elements

Shear wave velocity is an important parameter for the design of geotechnical systems, particularly in seismically active areas. The availability of a reliable method for measuring shear wave velocity in centrifuge soil models is necessary in order to fully characterize the soil. The paper describes enhanced bender elements system developed at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. The fabrication process of bender elements in the laboratory is described in this paper. Also, the estimation of the shear wave velocity using the first arrival method is explained along with a study of near field presence in the results. To confirm the validity of the system, four centrifuge experiments were conducted on dry and saturated Ottawa F#55 sand. A comparison is performed between dry and saturated soil having the same relative density. Also, the effect of the direction of polarization of the shear wave is studied in the paper. The results are then compared to theoretical values estimated based on the literature and are found to match reasonably well; thus confirming the accuracy of the new system.
EFFECT OF HYPOTHALAMIC EXTRACT ON HYPOPHYSEAL LH IN IMMATURE MALE RATS.

SummaryImmature male rats were given, intravenously twice a day, either sheep hypo-thalamic extract (HE), saline, vasopressin, or various combinations of vasopressin and oxytocin, or these materials plus testosterone propionate (TP) 100 μg or estradiol 0.1 μg plus progesterone 1 mg (EP) once a day, for 7 days. At autopsy, organ weights were obtained and pituitaries subjected to assay for LH potency.HE alone did not cause a depletion in hypophyseal LH or any change in testicular or sex accessory weights. In combination with EP, and to a lesser degree with TP, however, HE caused a fall in pituitary LH potency and a concomitant and proportional rise in ventral prostate weight, via testicular androgen production. Vasopressin alone and vasopressin plus oxytocin with EP, were ineffective in causing release of LH.The testicular weight reduction associated with EP treatment could be completely inhibited by the extract, but the reduction found with TP treatment could only partially be prevented by HE.
Pruning and Litter Removal or Soil Scraping Controls the Pine Root Collar Weevil in Young Red Pine Plantations

Pruning the lower whorls of red pine branches and removing litter or scraping soil around the tree bole modifies the adult Hylobius radicis Buchanan habitat and reduces weevil populations. However, conditions at the base of the tree become progressively more suitable for the weevils as new litter accumulates, and after 5 years they return to normal. Considering that it takes 3 or 4 years after that before weevil populations again are destructive, and that crown closure usually will occur in a well-stocked plantation by that time, pruning and litter removal can be expected to control the weevil for the life of the trees in these plantations. Further tests involving treatment around epicenters of infestations arc recommended.
Molecular Pathways and Therapies in Autosomal-Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease

Autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most prevalent inherited renal disease, characterized by multiple cysts that can eventually lead to kidney failure. Studies investigating the role of primary cilia and polycystins have significantly advanced our understanding of the pathogenesis of PKD. This review will present clinical and basic aspects of ADPKD, review current concepts of PKD pathogenesis, evaluate potential therapeutic targets, and highlight challenges for future clinical studies.
SnowFort: An Open Source Wireless Sensor Network for Data Analytics in Infrastructure and Environmental Monitoring

SnowFort, an open source wireless sensor network (WSN) for data analytics, is proposed for monitoring infrastructure and environment. The wireless sensing unit is optimized to be low power for extremely long-term deployments. Several features, such as data compression and online reconfiguration, are introduced to further reduce power consumption. A low-power WSN over optimized time division multiple access scheme is designed to be scalable and reliable for a network with hundreds of sensors. Real-time data visualization and analytical tools are provided with a representational state transfer (RESTful) application programming interface. We utilize SnowFort to develop a real-time damage detection application in structural health monitoring. We develop a distributed algorithm robust to data loss and validate it in a laboratory setup.
Abnormal postural control associated with peripheral vestibular disorders.

The development of a systematic approach to the diagnosis and management of ataxias of vestibular origin depends critically on the elucidation of the complex sensory and motor interactions involved in human postural control. In this paper, the results of studies of both sensory and motor control of posture in adults and children with peripheral vestibular deficits are summarized and reviewed. In studies of the sensory organization of postural control, normal subjects and patients with peripheral vestibular deficits were exposed to unreliable information from their support surface and/or visual surround during quiet stance. While normal adults and children were able to maintain balance under these conditions, the majority of children and adults with peripheral vestibular deficits showed one or both of the following abnormalities: (1)Vestibular loss patients were unable to maintain equilibrium when forced to rely on vestibular information for postural control. (2)Vestibular distortion patients were unable to select an accurate source of sensory information when exposed to sensory conflicts during quiet stance. Preliminary results of studies of motor coordination in these patients also suggest that vestibular loss patients rely almost exclusively on ankle sway to control posture, even during balance tasks which require hip movements to maintain equilibrium. In contrast, some vestibular distortion patients appear to rely on hip motions, even when not required to do so to maintain balance. The results of these studies are discussed in terms of the implications for both sensory and motor aspects of postural control in patients with ataxias of vestibular origin.
The Study for Genogroup I of Norovirus Detection Using TaqMan-MGB Probe- Based Real-Time Fluorescent Reverse Translation Polymerase Chain Reaction

Objective To establish a rapid, specific and sensitive molecular method for the detection of genogruop Ⅰ of norovirus using TaqMan-MGB probe-based real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction, and to provide credible molecular evidence for disease control and prevention. Method According to the genogroupⅠconserved sequence of norovirus, specific primers and TaqMan-MGB probe were designed, and were optimized to establish one step real-time RT-PCR system. The specificity, sensitivity and repeatability of this system were evaluated and compared with the conventional RT-PCR. Result The one step TaqMan-MGB probe-based real-time RT-PCR for genogruopⅠof norovirus was so rapid that it can be reported in just an hour, and the sensitivity was 100 copies per reaction, and there was no non-specific cross reaction with other viruses, including rotavirus, adenovirus, astrovirus, hepatitis A virus and the genogruopⅡof norovirus. Five samples containing different concentration of norovirus were tested for 5 times, and the coefficient of variability for the average of Ct values were 0.39%～1.02%. Conclusion The rapid, specific, sensitive and repeatable one step TaqMan-MGB probe-based real-time RT-PCR for the detecting genogruopⅠ of norovirus was successfully established, and could be applied to improve the capacity of rapid detection for the emergency process to the abrupt public hygiene affairs or regular surveillance.
Study on the compatibility of internal combustion engine running room with the room for determining noise power

This paper, from the view of sound absorption treatment, control of background noise and reflected sound, ect, analyses the possibility and condition of the compatibility of internal combustion engine running room with the room for determining noise power. On the basis of acoustic theory and practical experience, expends the gist of design of room for noise determination. Achievements in this research are already applied into engineering practice.
Diagnosis and curative effect evaluation of developmental dysplasia of hip in cases with ultrasonography

Objective To investigate the value of high frequency ultrasound combined with dynamic and static examination in early diagnosis and curative effect evaluation of developmental dysplasia of hip(DDH). Methods The infants with clinically suspected DDH(67 cases of 134 hips)underwent high frequency ultrasonography combined with dynamic and static scanning. The diagnosis was performed according to the North American standard and Harcke method. Follow-up examination was performed post treatment. Results According to Graf method diagnostic criteria,74 hips(55.2%) were in type Ⅰ;34 hips(25.4%)were in type Ⅱa andⅡb,16 hips(11.9%)were in typeⅡc,and 3 hips(2.2%)were in type D,7 hips(5.2%)were in type Ⅲ. 23 hips of typeⅡc,type D and type Ⅲcan be reset,while the other 3 couldn't. During the first month follow-up,only 3 cases of type Ⅱa and Ⅱb were re-examined,and all were normal;18 hips of type Ⅱc,type D and type Ⅲ treated with Pavlik harness were re-examined,11 of them were normal,3 hips were in typeⅡb,1 was in typeⅡa,1 was in type Ⅱc, 3 hips had no changes;a total of 12 hips were followed up during 2 months,10 hips were normal,the other 2 were in type Ⅱ b. Conclusion Ultrasound can effectively present the femoral head in children under 6 months old,which provides reliable basis for early diagnosis of DDH.
The report of atypical EBV infection in children with manifestation of respiratory tract infection

Objective To improves the diagnosis and treatment of Epstein-Barr virus(EBV) infection by analyzing the disease spectrum induced by EBV infection and its relation with age in children.Methods The distribution of the disease induced by EBV infection diagnosed with EBV-VCA-IgM and EBV-DNA-PCR in 690 children were retrospectively reviewed.Results Among 690 patients with EBV infection,422(61.16%) manifested typical infectious mononucleosis,268(38.84%) manifested atypical symptoms.Respiratory tract infection(71.27%) was the most common manifestaion in the patients with atypical symptoms.Other disease induced by EBV infection included dermatitis or stomatitides,thrombocytopenic purpura,diarrhea disease,Kawasaki disease,mesentery or cervical adenitis,nephritis or nephropathy,CNS infection,etc.Infectious mononucleosis and respiratory tract infection induced by EBV infection had no difference among age groups.The male patients were more common than the female.Conclusion The disease induced by EBV nfection was diverse,and almost all system were involved.Respiratory tract infection was the most common disease in the patients with atypical manifestation.The disease spectrum by EBV infection had no difference among age.
Living with NEP

We cannot celebrate the supposed victory of non-capitalist evolution in agriculture at the very moment when we are having to make supplementary concessions precisely to the capitalist elements in agriculture. (G. Zinoviev, Leninizm (1925) cited in E. H. Carr, Socialism in One Country , 1924–1926, vol. 1, p. 326) You see, down in the district Soviet they think of me as a bourzhui, because I have built a decent house and have cultivated this fine orchard. I have been told that they are planning to lay a special tax on the orchard, twenty gold roubles … That's what Russia is coming to, my friend. A man cannot even work his head off to improve himself a bit without being called a bourzhui or a koulack and burdened with taxes that break his back. (The “richest man in the village” cited by Maurice Hindus, Broken Earth (New York, 1926), p. 142) Every worker and peasant in a car within fifteen to twenty years! (V. Osinsky in Pravda , 20 July 1927) After three years of NEP, most of the institutions and practices introduced or adumbrated in 1921 were in place. Agricultural products and industrial goods were being marketed through an extensive network of state and cooperative institutions as well as private traders.
Balloon-expandable covered stent implantation for treatment of traumatic aortic pseudoaneurysm in a pediatric patient

Traumatic aortic injuries occur rarely in the pediatric population. Adult vascular interventionalists more frequently encounter aortic injury, and endovascular graft placement is a commonly used management approach. The standard of care in pediatric traumatic aortic injury is an open surgical repair, although it is not always the optimal approach. Endovascular graft placement has been trialed in pediatric patients, but its use has technical limitations. We describe the case of an 8 year old female passenger in a motor vehicle collision, resulting in formation of a traumatic aortic pseudoaneurysm. Due to her co-morbidities, she was a high risk surgical candidate, and therefore, underwent successful percutaneous implantation of an investigational balloon-expandable covered Cheatham platinum (CP) stent (NuMed, Inc., Hopkinton, New York). This case demonstrates the utility of balloon-expandable covered stents for treatment of pediatric traumatic aortic injury (TIA) as an alternative to open surgical repair or percutaneous endograft implantation.
Online Student Collaboration and FERPA Considerations

The increasing use of online or cloud collaboration tools in organizations creates a need for students to develop skills in the use of these tools. Instructors have an opportunity to prepare students by incorporating these collaboration tools into their courses. The use of these online collaboration tools has the potential to expose instructors and educational institutions to potential violations of the Family Educational Rights and Privacy Act (FERPA). In this paper we will explore the benefits of collaboration, a variety of online collaboration tools, FERPA considerations when using such tools, and strategies for staying in compliance.
Blocking Learner Error States in a Training-Wheels System

Some of the most troubling problems for users of computer equipment arise in the getting started stage. A “training-wheels” system was designed for a commercial word processor in which system functions that new users typically do not need, but which can be springboards for errors and confusions, were disabled. The training-wheels word processor improved learning efficiency in two experiments, one of which examined learning by doing and the other, learning by the book.
Meta-analysis of open and endovascular repair of popliteal artery aneurysms.

Abstract Objective Endovascular popliteal artery aneurysm repair (EPAR) is increasingly used over open surgical repair (OPAR). The purpose of this study was to analyze the available literature on their comparative outcomes. Methods The PubMed and Embase databases were searched to identify studies comparing OPAR and EPAR. Studies with only one treatment and fewer than five patients were excluded. Demographics and outcomes were collected. Bias risk was assessed using a modified version of the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Results were computed from random-effects meta-analyses using the DerSimonian-Laird algorithm. Results A total of 14 studies were identified encompassing 4880 popliteal artery aneurysm repairs (OPAR, 3915; EPAR, 1210) during the last decade. OPAR patients were younger (standard mean difference, −0.798 [−0.798 to −1.108]; P P = .013) than EPAR patients. OPAR had higher odds of wound complications (OR, 5.182 [2.191-12.256]; P P P P P = .01] and 0.580 [ P = .006], respectively). There was no difference in secondary patency at 1 year and 3 years (0.770 [ P = .458] and 0.642 [ P = .073], respectively). Conclusions EPAR has a lower wound complication rate and shorter length of hospital stay compared with OPAR. This comes at the cost of inferior primary patency but not secondary patency out to 3 years. Studies reporting long-term outcomes are lacking and necessary.
Commentary: Executive functioning-a key construct for understanding developmental psychopathology or a 'catch-all' term in need of some rethinking?

In a recent editorial (Halperin, 2016) Jeffrey Halperin calls for a firmer grasp of the executive function construct and its boundaries. His goal is to advance knowledge of the neurocognitive underpinnings of developmental psychopathology. In this commentary I propose that the development of the emotion regulation construct in relation to executive functioning is an ideal pursuit of this aim. Prior writings (Rice and Hoffman, 2014; Rice, 2016a,b,c) develop the conceptualization of implicit emotion regulation through analogies with defense mechanisms. Observed similarities between “hot” executive functions, implicit emotion regulation, and a contemporary understanding of defense mechanisms (Rice, 2016b) facilitates a more textured understanding of executive functions. Articulation and analysis of the differences between these three conceptualizations of different fields and frameworks performed in tandem with reflection upon their similarities yields an opportunity to develop our understanding of all three concepts in the pursuit of a more nuanced understanding of developmental psychopathology.
Revisiting the immigrant paradox: Suicidal ideations and suicide attempts among immigrant and non-immigrant adolescents

The current study examined the immigrant paradox in suicidal ideations and attempts, whether rates and correlates varied across immigrant/non-immigrant youth in a nationally representative sample of 7,287 Swiss adolescents (10.2% 1st generation immigrants, 10.3% 2nd generation, and 16.1% mixed parentage; Mage = 17.45, SD = 1.85, 46.6% females). Known risk and protective factors for suicidal ideations and attempts (depressive symptoms, family and peer connectedness, and demographics) were used as correlates, and their effects were compared across groups. About 27% of youth thought about suicide in past 12 months, while 5.5% reported attempting suicide once in their lifetime. After controlling for known predictors and nationality, being an immigrant adolescent (1st, 2nd generation, or mixed parentage) lowered the risk for suicidal ideations as compared to native Swiss youth; immigrant status was unrelated to attempts. Findings provide mixed support for the immigrant paradox; both immigrant and native youth would benefit from effective intervention strategies.
Industrial Research, Social Science and Corporate Responsibility

(1974). Industrial Research, Social Science and Corporate Responsibility. Research Management: Vol. 17, No. 5, pp. 13-16.
Alpha Signals, Smart Betas, and Factor Model Alignment

The authors consider the case for augmenting risk models to be used in portfolio construction to reflect information embedded in the portfolio manager’s alphas. They consider both smart beta models and cases in which alpha signals are partly factor driven but incorrectly perceived to be stock specific. In smart beta cases, the authors argue that mechanically augmenting the risk model can cause losses by distorting an otherwise-correct factor structure. The authors show that for cases in which asset-specific alpha signals might unexpectedly be related to hidden systematic factors, errors of omission—missing these hidden factors—generally result in larger expected losses in portfolio efficiency than do errors of commission—unintentionally including nonexistent “phantom” factors. When the alpha signals are very noisy, the practice of mechanically augmenting the risk model with a custom risk factor to offset that noise can improve portfolio efficiency. However, in those cases, the custom risk factor has nothing to do with underlying sources of true risk that all investors face, but instead serves as a penalty that in a back-door way tends to adjust for weak quality of the manager’s alphas.
Quantum zero-point critical fluctuations in arrays of ultrasmall Josephson junctions

We briefly review results from extensive quantum Monte Carlo and semiclassical analytic studies of models of ultrasmall Josephson junction arrays (JJA). Specifically, we mention results: (i) close to the renormalized semi-classical critical temperature and its successful comparison to experiment, (ii) The existing renormalization-group, self-consistent harmonic approximation and QMC evidence for a low temperature quantum induced phase transition in a mutual capacitance dominated JJA in zero magnetic field, (iii) duality transformations and phase structure of two capacitively coupled JJA that leads to a structure reminiscent of a fractional quantum Hall effect type system.
The Evolving Presence of Women in Academic Plastic Surgery: A Study of the Past 40 Years.

Background Among surgical subspecialties, plastic surgery holds the highest percentage of women, and, the female contingent of board-certified plastic surgeons and trainees has grown steadily. However, their academic impact has been underestimated. We present the academic footprint of female plastic surgeons over the past 40 years. Methods A list of female plastic surgeons currently active at, and retired from, Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education-accredited plastic surgery residency programs was compiled. Each surgeon was searched on PubMed to gather their total number of publications, journals, and topics of research after completion of training. Date of publication and 5-year impact factor for each journal were recorded. Publications were organized into 10-year periods (1976 to 1985, 1986 to 1995, 1996 to 2005, and 2006 to 2016). Results One hundred fifty-five currently active and 80 retired academic female plastic surgeons were identified, who published 2982 articles in 479 peer-reviewed journals. The average 5-year impact factor was 4.093. The number of publications increased with each decade: 37 (1976 to 1985), 218 (1986 to 1995), 472 (1996 to 2005), and 2255 (2006 to 2016). The most commonly published areas were hand/nerve (22 percent), craniofacial (21 percent), and breast (20 percent). Over time, publications in hand/nerve research decreased (76, 60, 38, and 14 percent, respectively); craniofacial-related publications increased (8, 11, 18, and 23 percent, respectively); and publications in breast research increased (0, 8, 9, and 24 percent, respectively). The 2006 to 2016 period yielded the most even distribution of research topics. Conclusion The academic contribution of female plastic surgeons has substantially increased in number and has become more evenly distributed across subspecialty topics.
The Mechanical Excitation of Tie Molecules through Crystallites

The problem of the mechanical excitation of tie molecules through crystallites, first treated by Chevychelov, is re-examined in the light of recent ESR investigations of chain breakage. The elastic displacement of stressed chains within crystallites is calculated, including also nonuniform crystal potentials. The maximum axial tension which can be exerted by a defect-free crystallite on a chain is derived as 1.4-1011 dyne/cm2 (polyethylene, PE) and 2.8·1011 dyne/cm2 (6-polyamide, 6-PA). Only the latter tension is sufficient to break a chain. After discussing the molecular motion associated with thermal excitation under mechanical stress it is postulated that localized thermal bond excitation outside a crystallite does not interact with elastic chain displacement within crystallites. The contribution by thermal (16 kcal/mole) and mechanical energy (29 kcal/mole) towards activation of scission of a 6-polyamide chain is reported from ESR investigations.
Lamb Wave Based Monitoring of Delamination Growth in Mode I and Mode II Fracture Tests

A new method to monitor the delamination onset and growth in Mode I and Mode II interlaminar fracture tests using Lamb waves is proposed. Double cantilever beam (DCB) and end notch flexure (ENF) specimens made of 8-layer glass-fiber/epoxy (GF/EP) reinforced composite laminates were used as standard samples in the experimental studies. Fundamental A0 mode was actuated in all samples with a pair of collocated piezoelectric transducers and sensing was performed in a pitch-catch configuration using a single surface bonded piezo-element on the opposite side with delamination. It was determined that the amplitude and phase of the received A0 mode wave packets had high sensitivity to both Mode I and Mode II delamination onsets. Besides, the crack length was continuously monitored using the mode conversion effect and relative group velocity change of the A0 mode. The transition points, extracted from the ultrasonic waveforms, correlated well with load–displacement curves used for determining interlaminar fracture toughness. Similar approach can be easily extended to study/monitor adhesively bonded joints.
SLEEP APNEA | Drug Treatments

The conventional first-line treatments available for sleep apnea (continuous positive airway pressure therapy, oral appliances, and surgical intervention) are appropriate for people with symptomatic disease. The benefit of a drug treatment approach is one of convenience and ability to intervene at an earlier stage of the disease, or an alternative for those who cannot or will not accept or tolerate surgical or mechanical treatments. However, drug therapy at present is an uncertain option for the management of sleep apnea. Medications for sleep apnea can broadly be divided into the following functional categories: those that alter the upper airway neuromechanical properties, those that affect the control of respiration, and those that work as adjunctive therapy to minimize symptoms. Some drugs are known to act through more than one discrete pathway. While most attempts at drug therapy for sleep apnea have generally been unsuccessful, certain medications may have some use in specific clinical settings. In summary, convincing data for drug treatment as primary therapy is lacking, and additional therapy with one of the conventional sleep apnea treatments is often still the better option. Recent interest has focused on serotonin active agents as a treatment for obstructive sleep apnea. However, this class of medications is not yet approved for this indication.
Qualitative Analysis for Platform Independent Forensics Process Model (PIFPM) for Smartphones

This paper details how forensic examiners determine the mobile device process and if the Platform Independent Forensics Process Model for Smartphones (PIFPM) helps them in achieving the goal of examining a smartphone. The researcher conducted interviews, presented the PIFPM process to the examiners, and supplied surveys that the examiners were exposed to. Using convenience sampling, the frequency and percent distribution of each examiner is given as well as strengths and weaknesses of PIFPM as it relates to the examiner. Based on the hypotheses given by the researcher, the results were either refuted or supported through sampling from the forensic examiners. The goal of this paper is to uncover interesting details that the researcher overlooked when examining a smartphone.
An anxious descent

Eric Johnson's beautifully titled Anxiety and the Equation: Understanding Boltzmann's Entropy is a conundrum. The writing in this text, which doubles as an introduction to the life of Ludwig Boltzmann and his entropy formula, is unusually literary for a popular-science book.
Newton’s Theological Manuscripts

The past two decades have witnessed a concentrated exploration of Newton’s manuscripts. More than anything else, this factor has set the tone of recent Newtonian scholarship. However, one major section of his papers remains almost totally unknown. The great bulk of Newton’s theological papers have become available only recently. Lost from public view after the auction in 1936, they have come to rest at last as the Yahuda Papers in the Jewish National and University library in Jerusalem. Professor Manuel used them in the preparation of his recent Religion of Isaac Newton (Oxford, 1974), but with his attention focused on Newton rather than the manuscripts, Professor Manuel did not attempt to offer a guide to their content. Such a guide, not confined to the Yahuda Papers but inevitably concentrating heavily upon them since they are the major collection, is what I hope to present in this paper. I have examined all of the theological papers the location of which is known except the one in the Bodmer Library (Geneva), which apparently regards it as a perishable resource which reading would exhaust. Judging by the papers that accompanied it at the sale, I think the Bodmer manuscript contains only miscellaneous fragments without anything not found elsewhere, but only a chance to see it, a privilege which the Bodmer Library does not grant to mere scholars concerned to study Newton, can determine its content. While reading will not exhaust the manuscript, one reading is likely to exhaust any interest in it if my guess at its contents is correct.
Safety of EndoAnchors in real-world use: A report from the Manufacturer and User Facility Device Experience database:

ObjectivesA hostile proximal neck anatomy is the most common cause of abdominal aorta endovascular aneurysm repair failure leading to a higher risk of device migration, proximal type I endoleak, an...
Fibroelastolytic Papulosis in a Middle-Age Female: Presentation and Review of Treatment

Introduction:Fibroelastolytic papulosis (FEP) is a rare, benign, acquired cutaneous disease with a histopathology that shows variable fibrosis and elastolysis of the papillary dermis. FEP clinically presents as white-ivory to yellow papules and plaques commonly occurring on the neck. Prior to this date there have been no specific treatment guidelines for FEP, thus various management options are explored in this case report. Case Report:We present a 62-year-old female with an isolated ivory, cobblestoned plaque with open comedones on the left shoulder since childhood. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of FEP. The patient had been previously treated with topical clindamycin, salicylic acid, tretinoin, and tazarotene without success.Conclusion: This case demonstrates the importance of recognizing FEP, as clinical presentations can vary. FEP can be distressing to patients, and it is important to explore additional treatment options. Treatment options including topical retinoids and ablative lasers have been reported, but with limited and inconsistent success. However, due to the rarity of the disease there is currently no standard of care for the treatment of FEP and additional successful treatment options are needed.
Left Ventricular Reverse Remodeling in Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy and Long-Term Outcomes

Abstract Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between improvement in left ventricular end-systolic volume (LVESV) with cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and mortality and whether this relationship was modified by the presence of a left bundle branch block (LBBB) electrocardiographic pattern. Background Left ventricular reverse remodeling in patients receiving CRT has been shown to predict outcomes. However, the extent to which reverse remodeling contributes to long-term survival is not well understood. Methods Changes in LVESV were assessed in MADIT-CRT (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial With Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy) patients receiving CRT with a defibrillator (CRT-D) and echocardiograms available at 1 year (n = 752), stratified by LBBB, relative to long-term all-cause mortality, compared with those with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) only (n = 684). Results In patients with LBBB, a reduction in LVESV of >35% (median) translated into significantly lower risk for long-term mortality (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.34; p 27.6%). CRT-D patients without LBBB with the least reverse remodeling (quartile 1) had a more than 3-fold increased risk for death compared with those with ICDs only (HR: 3.11; p Conclusions In patients with LBBB, CRT-D-induced reduction in LVESV at 1 year is associated with long-term survival benefit. Despite left ventricular reverse remodeling with CRT-D, there is no survival benefit and potential harm in patients without LBBB.
Experimental Characterization of the Flow-Induced Flutter of a Suspended Elastic Membrane

Flow-induced flutter of elastic membranes has many applications in engineering, biology, and medicine; and recent advances in computational modeling are enabling the simulation of such problems in ...
Building Community Capacity for Integrating Engineering in Rural Middle School Science Classrooms

Broadening participation in engineering is an important national priority and has led to increasing demands for engineering content to be integrated into traditional K-12 curriculum. However, expecting teachers to incorporate engineering into their classrooms without additional training or resources is unreasonable. Partnering teachers with industry partners is one promising way to prioritize integrated science and engineering content while also introducing youth to possible career paths. In this programmatic article, we introduce the Partnering with Educators and Engineers in Rural Schools (PEERS) project that focuses on the collaborative design, implementation, and study of recurrent hands-on engineering activities with middle school youth in three rural communities in or near Appalachia. We discuss the curricular priorities of the program as well as preliminary findings on both student-focused and capacity-building metrics across the partnerships. Key discussion points include (1) a need to distill goals for engineering outreach by wrestling with what success might really look like for middle-school youth engagement with engineering and (2) cultivating community capacity to better support education systems and the simultaneous potential for and challenges of collaborating to build such infrastructure.
Pancreaticoduodenectomy (Whipple Resection) in the Treatment of Chronic Pancreatitis: Indications, Techniques, and Results

Pancreaticoduodenectomy is excellent for the relief of pain in the patient whose lifestyle provides the probability of a stable, ongoing life. Furthermore, in the author’s experience, if carcinoma of the head of the pancreas is suspected at operation, pancreaticoduodenectomy is the procedure of choice. The individual surgeon, however, must assess his own experience, for a low operation mortality risk is essential. A continuing alcoholic is not a good candidate for pancreaticoduodenectomy in this disease. The same limitation exists for the narcotic addict, but in the author’s experience, narcotic addiction under these circumstances is largely a problem of bygone days. Most patients who do not stop drinking or who do not discontinue narcotics prior to operation are probably not acceptable candidates for pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Voice of the Physician

Greater attention to patient-centered care is essential to the effectiveness and sustainability of a modern and robust care delivery system. However, there are concerns that patient-centeredness could run the risk of exacerbating the challenges faced in US healthcare around physician engagement and resilience. The cost of physician burnout is measured in not just dollars, but also lives. Happily though, patient-centeredness absolutely does not need to come at this expense. Thoughtful attention to the voice of physicians and indeed all clinical providers allows for appropriate balance and even synergy when tackling issues such as interdisciplinary care, the electronic health record, big data and value in support of our patients. If done well, true commitment to patient-centered care engages and empowers all members of the care team in service to the patient while never compromising the values or well-being of anyone.
The Shortcomings of Transparency for Democracy

“Transparency” has become a widely recognized, even taken for granted, value in contemporary democracies, but this has been true only since the 1970s. For all of the obvious virtues of transparency...
Microlensing of Blended Stellar Images

A popular model of single microlensing light curves neglects the possibility that only a fraction of the light is due to the lensed star, the remaining part being due to a close, unresolved blend, which may be related or unrelated to the lens. Unfortunately, the effects of blending are significant, as all microlensing experiments choose very crowded fields as their targets. The propensity of blends among double lenses is the most direct evidence for the seriousness of the problem. In this paper, we point out a strong degeneracy of the fitting procedure for single lensing events, which makes it very difficult to detect the presence of a blend, and practically impossible to correct for it by purely photometric means, in a large part of the parameter space. Some blends may be detected by astrometric means, but the majority have to be corrected for statistically. It will be helpful to measure the luminosity function well below the ground-based detection limit, e.g., using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST). Binary stars in the target population affect blending and may be undetectable with HST; their presence will be revealed by repeating microlensing events, so it will be possible to correct for them statistically. If no correction is made, then the event timescales and the lens masses are systematically underestimated.
Characterization of Intermetallics Formation in µFSSW of Dissimilar Al/Cu Alloy Sheets

Electric vehicle battery packs consist of a large number of battery cells which must be assembled together with robust mechanical and electrical joints. One of the challenges is to join highly conductive and dissimilar multilayer materials such as Al to Cu alloy sheets with 100% reliability. Micro-friction stir spot welding (µFSSW) is a spot-like joining process utilizing a non-consumable tool to generate frictional heat and join multilayer materials under the solid-state condition, which makes the µFSSW a strong candidate for joining dissimilar Al/Cu sheets to manufacture various types of battery interconnects. However, investigations to the dissimilar µFSSW of ultra-thin Al to Cu alloy sheets (<500 µm) are limited. This paper presents experimental investigations on intermetallics (IMCs) formation in µFSSW of ultra-thin Al to Cu sheets. Accordingly, a series of µFSSW of dissimilar 400 µm ultra-thin 6061Al-T6 to Cu-Astm B370 sheets trials were conducted and the stir zone temperature was measured. The obtained weld cross sections were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) equipped with energy dispersive X-Ray spectroscopy (EDS). The effect of µFSSW conditions on the weld zone IMCs formation was evaluated. It has been found that the IMCs formations are closely related to the processing temperature, which is decided by the tool dwell time in this present study.
Effects of cleavage plane and material strength on fracture of polycrystalline brittle materials: A phase-field modeling study

Abstract A modified phase-field model for fracture is presented which includes the material strength and cleavage planes to quantitatively predict the crack propagation path and the mechanical response in polycrystalline brittle materials. To demonstrate the capability of this model, the crack initiation and propagation and the mechanical response in zirconium diboride bi-crystal and polycrystalline samples are investigated. Using a relationship analogous to the modified Read-Shockley model for grain boundaries with large misorientation angles, the fracture surface energy and the strength of the grain boundaries are made dependent on the misorientation angle of the adjacent grains. In general, the crack path inside each grain follows the orientation of the cleavage plane similar to the experimental observations. At the grain boundaries, a low fracture surface energy and/or a low material strength can result in intergranular crack propagation. Comparing the results of different models show that to have a reasonable mechanical response it is necessary to include the material strength and cleavage planes in the formulations of the model. The proposed phase-field model enables designing texture and engineering grain boundaries to control intergranular and transgranular crack propagations and the macroscopic mechanical response.
Inchworm-inspired Soft Robotic Climber with Embedded Fiber Optic Sensors

An inchworm-inspired soft robotic climber with three embedded fiber Bragg grating sensors in the body is proposed and demonstrated. The grating sensors monitor the unique locomotion status of the climber for precise feedback and control.
Regulation of Serum Amyloid a Synthesis in Primary Mouse Hepatocyte Cultures

Induction of serum amyloid A synthesis has been partially characterized as a sequence of cellular and molecular events involving macrophage production of a circulating mediator Interleukin 1 (IL-1) which precedes transcription of SAA mRNA and synthesis of SAA in liver [1]. Further definition of these events at the molecular levels requires the use of liver cell cultures for induction of SAA synthesis. This would permit direct analysis of the molecular chain of events that is initiated by IL-1 (or its second message) and which includes initiation and termination of transcription and translation of SAA mRNA. In this report, we summarize our progress toward definition of these culture conditions necessary to mimic the in vivo situation of 1000 fold increase in SAA synthesis.
Stochastic Theory of the Slamming Response of Marine Vehicles in Random Seas

A stochastic theory is developed for the dynamic response of marine vehicles to slamming loads in random seas. Based on slamming observations and records, the slams are temporally represented as a train of Poisson impulses of random intensity occurring at random time intervals. Model analysis is used to derive the impulse response and system functions of the marine vehicle. The probability density functions, spectral densities, autocorrelation functions, and other relevant statistics of both the imput slams and the output vehicle response are developed and discussed. Special attention is given to the bending moment response. A numerical examaple is pres- ented in the last section in order to illustrate the application of the theory covered by the Authors. In this example, the mean square of the bending moment response of a Mariner-class ship is calculated.
On Concurrent Identification Protocols (Extended Abstract)

We consider communication networks in which it is not possible to identify the source of a message which is broadcasted through the network. A natural question is whether it is possible for two users to identify each other concurrently, through a secure two-party protocol. We show that more than the existence of a secure Public Key Cryptosystem should be assumed in order to present a secure protocol for concurrent identification. We present two concurrent identification protocols: The first one relies on the existence of a center who has distributed “identification tags” to the users; while the second protocol relies on the distribution of “experimental sequences” by instances of a pre-protocol which have taken place between every two users.
Psychosocial correlates of AUDIT-C hazardous drinking risk status: implications for screening and brief intervention in college settings

The current study identified psychosocial variables associated with AUDIT-C hazardous drinking risk status for male and female college students. Logistic regression analysis revealed that AUDIT-C risk status was associated with alcohol-related negative consequences, injunctive norms, and descriptive norms for both male and female participants. Sociability and self-perception outcome expectancies predicted risk status for females. Cognitive and behavioral impairment expectancies predicted risk status for men in the sample. Implications for screening and brief intervention programming efforts are discussed.