cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Case of Spontaneous Intraperitoneal Rupture of an Acute Necrotic Fluid Collection Associated with Necrotizing Pancreatitis

BACKGROUND An acute necrotic fluid collection is a rare condition that occurs within four weeks of the onset of necrotizing pancreatitis. This report is of a case of spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture of an acute necrotic fluid collection that required emergency laparotomy. CASE REPORT A 61-year-old man presented with worsening symptoms following hospital discharge for necrotizing pancreatitis. On hospital admission, a computed tomography (CT) scan showed changes of pancreatic necrosis and inflammation with a peripancreatic fluid collection. On the sixth day following admission, he developed hemodynamic instability and peritonitis. Repeat CT scan showed a reduction in the size of the peripancreatic collection but free intraperitoneal fluid, consistent with intraperitoneal rupture. At exploratory laparotomy, several liters of necrotic pancreatic fluid were drained from the abdomen, followed by admission to the intensive care unit (ICU) for continued resuscitation. On postoperative day 3, he underwent open cystgastrostomy, cholecystectomy, placement of a jejunostomy tube (J-tube), and abdominal closure. He remained in the ICU for several weeks until ventilatory support could be reduced, and was transferred to the hospital ward when he was able to tolerate J-tube and oral feeding. On postoperative day 35, he was transferred to a long-term care facility. CONCLUSIONS Acute pancreatitis is usually managed conservatively, and surgical management has become less common. A case of acute necrotic fluid collection arising within the first four weeks of onset of acute necrotizing pancreatitis is presented that underwent spontaneous intraperitoneal rupture leading to ascites, peritonitis, and hemodynamic instability, requiring emergency surgical management.
Pathways to Becoming an Academic Subject Specialist: Insights from Three Librarians

Subject librarianship has been a research topic for many years, however there is limited professional literature providing professional advice and practical examples of pursuing this area of librarianship. This article examines pathways to becoming a subject librarian, particularly in an academic setting. Using case studies from three subject librarians with different backgrounds as examples, the article finds common themes and best practices for both obtaining these types of positions and achieving success as a subject librarian. The role of education, professional development and networks, and leveraging experience are discussed as means for librarians to move from working in a broad role as a generalist to transition into a subject specialist. This article approaches the subject from a practical, “getting the job”, professional development perspective, aimed at librarians who are interested in making a career transition.
Physical activity levels of overweight or obese breast cancer survivors: correlates at entry into a weight loss intervention study.

Physical activity is associated with reduced risk and progression of breast cancer, and exercise can improve physical function, quality of life, and fatigue in cancer survivors. Evidence on factors associated with cancer survivors’ adherence to physical activity guidelines from the American Cancer Society and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services is mixed. This study seeks to help fill this gap in knowledge by examining correlates with physical activity among breast cancer survivors. Overweight or obese breast cancer survivors (N = 692) were examined at enrollment into a weight loss intervention study. Questionnaires and medical record review ascertained data on education, race, ethnicity, menopausal status, physical activity, and medical history. Measures of anthropometrics and fitness level were conducted. Regression analysis examined associations between physical activity and demographic, clinical, and lifestyle factors. Overall, 23 % of women met current guidelines. Multivariate analysis revealed that body mass index (p = 0.03), emergency room visits in the past year (p = 0.04), and number of comorbidities (p = 0.02) were associated with less physical activity. Geographic region also was associated with level of physical activity (p = 0.02), with women in Alabama reporting significantly less activity than those in other participating regions. The majority of overweight/obese breast cancer survivors did not meet physical activity recommendations. Physical activity levels were associated with degree of adiposity, geographic location, and number of comorbidities. The majority of overweight breast cancer survivors should be encouraged to increase their level of physical activity. Individualizing exercise prescriptions according to medical comorbidities may improve adherence.
Power-Efficient Multi-Beam Phase-Attached Radar/Communications

Multi-function waveforms possessing simultaneous radar and communication capabilities provide the means with which to efficiently combat congestion of the spectrum. Here a joint coding/spatial diversity radar/communication waveform design approach is introduced for use with digital antenna arrays. The proposed approach combines the recently developed phase-attached radar/communication (PARC) approach with the far-field radiated emission design (FFRED) formulation to realize the transmission of multiple independent data streams in arbitrary spatial directions concurrently with active radar sensing that is minimally impacted. The resulting physical signals emitted from the elements of the multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) array have a desirable structure that is constant-modulus and have improved spectral containment relative to the original FFRED formulation.
G376(P) Reaching the ivory tower: are referrals to picu effective

Aims Internal referrals represent 60% of admissions to PICU at this Hospital. A recorded telephone line was introduced for internal referrals to PICU in 2012 following a serious incident attributed to miscommunication. A Situation, Background, Assessment, Recommendations (SBAR) type proforma is available to referring teams; PICU medics have a similar SBAR proforma. Gold standard for accepting referrals into PICU are completing an SBAR proforma and that the referring team’s consultant is aware of referral. Methods Retrospective re–audit of completed SBAR proformas of all internal non–elective admissions to PICU during January 2018 identified from admissions book. Qualitative review of ten randomly identified recorded phone referrals by ST6 PICU GRID Trainee. Phone questionnaire to all UK PICUs to identify the use of recorded telephone technology and structured referral proformas Results 1. 24 non-elective internal admissions identified. SBAR proforma completed in 16/24 referrals, referring doctor’s consultant aware of referral in 12/24 cases. 2. Findings from recorded telephone referrals: Use of SBAR provides structure. Hierarchy of referral seems upwards to PICU; referrers appear overly differential. Referrers appear threatened when asked for their GMC number and if their consultant is aware of referral. Referrers are not knowledgeable about patients’ non-invasive ventilator settings. Referrals made for high nursing acuity, particularly overnight, have medical symptoms exaggerated. 3. Review of practice across the UK (100% response rate): 16/24 PICUs utilised structured proformas; eight used SBAR, four adapted SBAR Four used audio recordings Eight units had consultant only policy to receive referrals, 4/16 remaining units provided training on this. Conclusions A range of communication styles influenced quality of referrals and advice; use of SBAR ensured desired outcomes. Mixed practice noted nationally, audio recording and training in taking referrals not widely provided but may be useful in improving communication. Changes in progress: Enhanced guidance and training on accepting referrals introduced for PICU medics, and SBAR proforma and guidance notes improved. Guidance notes added to SBAR proforma for referrers, including prompt to inform consultant prior to referral. Recommendations disseminated via Hospital Grand Round. Further re–audit will be undertaken to progress the audit spiral.
Prevertebral Soft-Tissue Swelling at C7 Is Highly Sensitive for Cervical Spine Ligamentous Injury Study Type: Retrospective Cohort Study.

To determine the diagnostic potential of prevertebral soft-tissue (PVST) swelling in cervical spine ligamentous injury (LI). Background PVST swelling in the cervical spine is a historical indicator of cervical spine injury; however, at present, there are no limited objective criteria to use PVST swelling to guide clinical decision-making regarding cervical spine LI. This study investigates PVST thickness as a screening measure for cervical spine LI with a potential to identify indications for advanced imaging. Methods The registry at an urban level 1 trauma center was queried for cervical spine injuries between 2010 and 2016. Twenty-nine patients with LIs who had both CT and MRI available were included. Fifty-nine patients with bony injury (BI) were also included, and 99 patients undergoing CT of the cervical spine after blunt trauma without evidence of cervical spine injury were included as control patients. Results PVST swelling >11.5 mm at C7 was 89.7% sensitive (72.7% to 97.8%) and 51.5% specific (41.3% to 61.7%) for LI. In men, a PVST thickness of 11.5 mm at C7 was 96% sensitive (79.7% to 99.9%) and 46.2% specific (32.2% to 60.5%) for LI. Patients with LI were more likely to be men (86.2% versus 52.5% control, P 11.5 mm at C7 (avg. PVST 17.7 mm ± 2.5). Conclusion C7 PVST thickness >11.5 mm was highly sensitive but poorly specific for cervical spine LI. This threshold may represent an appropriate PVST thickness to rule out LI because patients with PVST ≤11.5 mm are unlikely to have cervical spine LI and may not benefit from MRI.
No change in performance metrics in major league baseball players sustaining wrist fractures after being struck by an errant pitch

Abstract Objective This study aimed to determine the effect of wrist fractures on performance metrics in Major League Baseball Players after they were hit by an errant pitch. Methods Players who sustained wrist fractures after being struck by a pitch were identified and changes in performance metrics were calculated. Results In both the short- and medium-term analysis, there were no significant differences in all pre- and post-injury offensive statistics following return to play. Conclusion Wrist fractures sustained after being struck by an errant pitch do not significantly impact professional baseball player performance if the player is able to return to sport.
Studying Pt-based fuel cell electrode degradation with nanoscale X-ray computed tomography

Abstract Improvements in Pt-based catalysts and support durability are important to enable mass-market penetration of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) in the automotive sector. This work focuses on a membrane electrode assembly (MEA) scale analysis of cathode catalyst layer (CCL) degradation processes occurring during catalyst accelerated stability testing (AST). We examined the degradation of the carbon support, decrease in electrochemically active surface area (ECSA), and formation of a platinum (Pt) band. We utilized a combined electrochemical and ex-situ nanoscale X-ray computed tomography (nano-CT) imaging technique to characterize these important degradation processes in state-of-the-art MEAs and examined the effects of AST cycling on two carbon supports, Vulcan (Vu) and a KetjenBlack high surface area carbon (HSC), and two Pt-based catalysts, pure Pt and PtCo. We found that neither support nor catalyst type completely suppressed the formation of a Pt band, but we did find that the PtCo catalyst and HSC support combination was able to limit the ECSA loss and Pt band formation better than the pure Pt and Vu combination. Our results also showed some loss of macroporosity in the HSC support after catalyst AST cycling, helping to explain the reduced performance seen with HSC-supported catalysts at high current densities.
Commonly Prescribed Medications that Affect Clotting: A Comprehensive Overview

Some of the most commonly used medications have new risks associated with their use. For example, millions of Americans co-administer several types of drugs from different classes such as anticoagulants, NSAIDs, and antidepressants. New research suggests that taking these medications together increases the risk of stroke, hemorrhage, and brain bleeding, which can result in death. This manuscript will discuss the three main types of drugs that affect clotting: anticoagulants, antifibrinolytics, and antiplatelets, and interactions that can occur with these medications. We will also discuss other combinations of over-the-counter medications, supplements, and herbs that affect clotting.
Functional Outcomes for Basilar Joint Arthroplasty with Meniscus Allograft Compared with Trapeziectomy Alone.

BackgroundAdvanced thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) joint arthritis is widely treated with trapeziectomy. To obviate the need for autologous tissue, maintain thumb length, and reduce the risk of scaphoi...
Effect of metallosupramolecular polymer concentration on the synthesis of poly[n]catenanes.

Poly[n]catenanes are a class of polymers that are composed entirely of interlocked rings. One synthetic route to these polymers involves the formation of a metallosupramolecular polymer (MSP) that consists of alternating units of macrocyclic and linear thread components. Ring closure of the thread components has been shown to yield a mixture of cyclic, linear, and branched poly[n]catenanes. Reported herein are investigations into this synthetic methodology, with a focus on a more detailed understanding of the crude product distribution and how the concentration of the MSP during the ring closing reaction impacts the resulting poly[n]catenanes. In addition to a better understanding of the molecular products obtained in these reactions, the results show that the concentration of the reaction can be used to tune the size and type of poly[n]catenanes accessed. At low concentrations the interlocked product distribution is limited to primarily oligomeric and small cyclic catenanes . However, the same reaction at increased concentration can yield branched poly[n]catenanes with an ca. 21 kg mol−1, with evidence of structures containing as many as 640 interlocked rings (1000 kg mol−1).
Mobile and wireless research on the POWDER platform

POWDER is a highly flexible, deeply programmable, and city-scale scientific instrument that enables cutting-edge research in wireless technologies. Researchers interact with the POWDER platform via the Internet to conduct their experiments, with zero penalty for remote access. In this two-part demonstration, the POWDER implementers show how to use the platform. First, they present the workflow that researchers follow to conduct experiments. Second, they highlight some of the hardware and software building blocks available through POWDER, including components related to over-the-air wireless and mobile networking, 5G, and massive MIMO.
Breastfeeding initiation among women with chronic hypertension superimposed on pregestational diabetes mellitus.

Objective To compare breastfeeding (BF) initiation among 317 women with chronic hypertension (CHTN) and 106 women with CHTN superimposed on pregestational diabetes (CHTN-DM) who intended exclusive or partial BF. Methods Retrospective cohort study of women who delivered at≥34 weeks of gestation. At discharge, exclusive BF was defined by direct BF or BF complemented with expressed breast milk (EBM), partial BF was defined by formula supplementation. Results CHTN and CHTN-DM groups were similar in prior BF experience (42 vs 52%), intention to BF exclusively (89 vs 79%) and intention to partially BF (11 vs 21%). Women in the CHTN group were younger (31 vs 33y), more likely primiparous (44 vs 27%), and who delivered vaginally (59 vs 36%) at term (85 vs 75%). Women in the CHTN-DM group had higher repeat cesarean rates (32 vs 18%), preterm birth (25 vs 15%), neonatal hypoglycemia (42 vs 14%) and NICU admission (38 vs 16%). At discharge, exclusive BF rates among CHTN was higher (48 vs 19%), while rates of partial BF (34 vs 44%) and FF (18 vs 37%) were lower than in the CHTN-DM group. BF initiation (exclusive plus partial BF) occurred in 82%of CHTN and in 63%of CHTN-DM. Conclusion Although intention to BF was similar, BF initiation rates were higher for the CHTN compared to the CHTN-DM group. Exclusive BF was low in the CHTN and even lower in the CHTN-DM group signaling the need for targeted interventions if BF initiation rates are to be improved.
Optimal Sequential Stochastic Deployment of Multiple Passenger Robots

We present a new algorithm for deploying passenger robots in marsupial robot systems. A marsupial robot system consists of a carrier robot (e.g., a ground vehicle), which is highly capable and has a long mission duration, and at least one passenger robot (e.g., a short-duration aerial vehicle) transported by the carrier. We optimize the performance of passenger robot deployment by proposing an algorithm that reasons over uncertainty by exploiting information about the prior probability distribution of features of interest in the environment. Our algorithm is formulated as a solution to a sequential stochastic assignment problem (SSAP). The key feature of the algorithm is a recurrence relationship that defines a set of observation thresholds that are used to decide when to deploy passenger robots. Our algorithm computes the optimal policy in O(NR) time, where N is the number of deployment decision points and R is the number of passenger robots to be deployed. We conducted drone deployment exploration experiments on real-world data from the DARPA Subterranean challenge to test the SSAP algorithm. Our results show that our deployment algorithm outperforms other competing algorithms, such as the classic secretary approach and baseline partitioning methods, and is comparable to an offline oracle algorithm.
How the ‘terror crocodile’ grew so big

Deinosuchus is a giant crocodylian from the Late Cretaceous period of North America. It was 8 to 10 metres long and weighed between 2,500 and 5,000 kg, three to five times more than the largest crocodiles alive today. How Deinosuchus attained sizes to rival its dinosaurian contemporaries, on which it undoubtedly preyed, has remained a mystery. Did it exhibit accelerated growth rates, like its dinosaurian cousins1, or did it simply maintain primitive reptilian rates for decades (as was once proposed to explain gigantism in dinosaurs2)? We find that growth indices from Deinosuchus skeletons reveal rates comparable to those of smaller crocodylian taxa, indicating that the gigantic proportions were attained by prolonging development.
Relationship between school facility conditions and the delivery of instruction

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate the effects of school facility conditions on the delivery of instruction from the perspective of school principals in the USA.Design/methodology/approach – By employing a multivariate correlational research design, the paper empirically investigated whether the quality of ten facility conditions affects the delivery of instruction after controlling three school and three student characteristics that also may affect the delivery of instruction. The conceptual framework of this paper envisions the physical capital, along with the human and social capitals, as one of the three main core elements for effective teaching and learning. The conceptual framework of the study incorporated facility conditions identified by Schneider and Castaldi. Consistent with the literature, the conditions of school facilities in the conceptual framework included mainly cosmetic factors. The FRSS 88: Public School Principals' Perceptions of Their Facilities: Fall 2005 data set...
The Distribution of Benefits from the 1968 Upland Cotton Program

While attempting to quantify and examine the distribution of payments from the 1968 Upland Cotton Program, some comparisons will be made of the distributive aspects of previous cotton programs. Economists have long been concerned with the impact of government farm programs, but have focused much of their attention on resource use and aggregate returns under alternative programs. At the same time, it has been recognized that farm programs, through income transfers, had certain distributive impacts. One of the first and most comprehensive studies of the distribution of benefits from certain farm programs was conducted by James T. Bonnen.
Multiple transcripts encoded by the ilvGMEDA gene cluster of Escherichia coli K-12.

Abstract We report here that, using Northern (RNA) blots, we identified two relatively stable transcripts of 4.6 and 1.1 kb that correspond to the products of the ilvEDA and ilvE genes and two relatively unstable transcripts of 6.7 and 3.6 kb that correspond to the products of the ilvGMEDA and ilvDA genes. The transcripts were identified by the use of eight probes derived from segments of the ilvGMEDA cluster. In addition, we used two strains with deletions of ilvG or ilvDA and observed the expected decrease in transcript size in Northern blots. Primer extension with reverse transcriptase generated a 169-nucleotide product corresponding to a 5' end within the ilvED intercistronic region, 37 nucleotides from the AUG codon of the ilvD gene. This primer extension product presumably indicates the 5' end of the ilvDA transcript that we detected in Northern blots. The stability of the transcripts was monitored, and RNase E was found to play a major role in ilv transcript degradation. Transcript levels varied in response to growth in the presence of the end product amino acids and in response to the presence of the polar frameshift site in ilvG. Although there have been speculations about the identities and numbers of transcripts derived from the ilvGMEDA cluster on the basis of the identification of some of the sites of transcription initiation and termination, this is the first report of the use of Northern blots to determine the actual sizes and distribution of mRNAs present in vivo.
Annexin A6 Interacts With p65 and Stimulates NF‐κB Activity and Catabolic Events in Articular Chondrocytes

Objective ANXA6, the gene for annexin A6, is highly expressed in osteoarthritic (OA) articular chondrocytes but not in healthy articular chondrocytes. This study was undertaken to determine whether annexin A6 affects catabolic events in these cells. Methods Articular chondrocytes were isolated from Anxa6-knockout mice, wild-type (WT) mice, and human articular cartilage in which ANXA6 was overexpressed. Cells were treated with interleukin-1β (IL-1β) or tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and expression of catabolic genes and activation of NF-κB were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction and luciferase reporter assay. Anxa6−/− and WT mouse knee joints were injected with IL-1β or the medial collateral ligament was transected and partial resection of the medial meniscus was performed to determine the role of Anxa6 in IL-1β–mediated cartilage destruction and OA progression. The mechanism by which Anxa6 stimulates NF-κB activity was determined by coimmunoprecipitation and immunoblot analysis of nuclear and cytoplasmic fractions of IL-1β–treated Anxa6−/− and WT mouse chondrocytes for p65 and Anxa6. Results Loss of Anxa6 resulted in decreased NF-κB activation and catabolic marker messenger RNA (mRNA) levels in IL-1β– or TNFα-treated articular chondrocytes, whereas overexpression of ANXA6 resulted in increased NF-κB activity and catabolic marker mRNA levels. Annexin A6 interacted with p65, and loss of Anxa6 caused decreased nuclear translocation and retention of the active p50/p65 NF-κB complex. Cartilage destruction in Anxa6−/− mouse knee joints after IL-1β injection or partial medial meniscectomy was reduced as compared to that in WT mouse joints. Conclusion Our data define a role of annexin A6 in the modulation of NF-κB activity and in the stimulation of catabolic events in articular chondrocytes.
The eutectoid region of the Zr−Ga system

The zirconium-rich portion of the Zr−Ga phase diagram was determined by the optical examination of microstructures of isothermally annealed and quenched alloys. A deviation from binary equilibrium, was observed even though careful selection of materials and techniques held impurities to a minimum and produced alloys with a purity of at least 99.9 pct. The slopes of the α-β boundaries are depressed and the range of solubility of the solid solution phases is restricted when compared to the phase diagrams of other Group IIIB elements, apparently as a result of the large difference in atomic size between zirconium and gallium. Thea0 andc0 lattice constants of cph zirconium are contracted and the axial ratio is expanded by the addition of gallium. The change inc/a at 1 at. pct was very close to the change observed in Zr-In alloys, in agreement with general dependence of these properties in zirconium alloys upon electron to atom ratio. A eutectoid reaction occurs at 860°C with β solid solution (1.8 at. pct Ga) decomposing into α solid solution (0.8 at. pct Ga) and Zr3Ga. Cast microstructures suggest a eutectic reaction in which liquid (21.0 at. pct Ga) decomposes into β (8.0 at. pct Ga) and Zr5Ga3. It is proposed that intermediate phases are formed at 25.0 at. pct Ga (Zr3Ga), 37.5 at. pct Ga (Zr5Ga3), and 50.0 at. pct Ga (ZrGa) although the exact composition was not determined.
Motorola PowerPC/sup TM/ microprocessor with AltiVec/sup TM/ technology-the system engineer's answer to revolutionizing life cycle COTS design paradigms with software-based high performance computing

With the introduction of AltiVec technology, Motorola is again demonstrating its commitment to the PowerPC architecture and to meeting the requirements of next generation high performance computing applications. AltiVec technology expands the PowerPC's capabilities by adding high-bandwidth SIMD functional units to attack complex signal processing challenges. An example 2-D convolution was examined on both scalar and AltiVec processors. An AltiVec enabled processor provides a significant performance improvement over a scalar processor. General purpose processors with SIMD functional units will provide an aggressive performance growth path for embedded and computing systems designers, while lowering development barriers inherent in multiple architecture designs, thereby reducing the time to market and total system development expense.
Watershed management strategies to prevent and control cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms.

The tenets of watershed management - a focus on the land area linked to the water body, the incorporation of sound scientific information into the decision-making process and stakeholder involvement throughout the process - are well-suited for the management of cyanobacterial harmful algal blooms (C-HABs). The management of C-HABs can be viewed as having two main areas of focus. First, there is mitigation - control and/or removal of the bloom. This type of crisis response is an important component to managing active C-HABs and there are several techniques that have been successfully utilized, including the application of algicides, physical removal of surface scums and the mechanical mixing of the water column. While these methods are valuable because they address the immediate problem, they do not address the conditions that exist in the system that promote and maintain C-HABs. Thus, the second component of a successful C-HAB management strategy would include a focus on prevention. C-HABs require nutrients to fuel their growth and are often favored in longer-residence time systems with vertical stratification of the water column. Consequently, nutrients and hydrology are the two factors most commonly identified as the targets for prevention of C-HABs. Management strategies to control the sources, transformation and delivery of the primary growth-limiting nutrients have been applied with success in many areas. The most effective of these include controlling land use, maintaining the integrity of the landscape and applying best management practices. In the past, notable successes in managing C-HABs have relied on the reduction of nutrients from point-sources. Because many point sources are now well-managed, current efforts are focused on non-point source nutrient reduction, such as runoff from agricultural and urban areas. Non-point sources present significant challenges due to their diffuse nature. Regardless of which techniques are utilized, effective watershed management programs for decreasing the prevalence of C-HABs will require continuing efforts to integrate science and management activities. Ultimately, it is increased coordination among stakeholders and scientists that will lead to the development of the decision-making tools that managers require to effectively weigh the costs and benefits of these programs.
A Molecular Outflow Traced by SiO Masers in Orion KL

We present full-resolution (~0.2 mas, ~0.1 AU) Very Long Baseline Interferometry maps of the v=1, J=1→0 SiO masers in the Orion KL nebula. The morphology and turbulent nature of the maser emission argues against models in which the masers form in an expanding and rotating protostellar disk. Rather, we find that the symmetry evident in the SiO maser emission points toward its genesis in a bipolar outflow. Water masers that also appear toward Orion KL are known to share the velocity profile and double-peaked characteristics of the SiO maser emission yet form much farther away from the protostar. We link the water masers to our present results by proposing that both species of maser form around a flared molecular outflow of roughly constant velocity.
Sentimentalism and Self-Directed Emotions

There is a long-standing philosophical debate about the role of emotions in moral judgment. Some argue that emotions are inessential; we can make moral judgments without having an emotional response. Others, so-called sentimentalists, argue that emotions play an essential role. Philosophers have debated these positions for ages with no resolution. Intuitions vary as to whether emotions are essential to morality. The stalemate can be broken by moving beyond intuitions an empirically investigating the psychological processes that underlie moral judgment. Such methods are delivering results that strongly favor sentimentalism. Healthy moral judgments seem to depend on emotions. But sentimentalism faces a number of serious philosophical objections, which have not been directly addressed in the scientific literature. This is where self-directed emotions come in. Self-directed emotions have been comparatively neglected in the recent flurry of empirical research on moral judgment.
Electron transfer in TTF-TCNQ and related compounds

Abstract The S(2p) binding energies have been measured at room temperature in TTF–TCNQ and related compounds. The results indicate an electron transfer of 1.0 ± 0.5 electrons/molecule for TTF–TCNQ.
ADAM10 Regulates Transcription Factor Expression Required for Plasma Cell Function

A disintegrin and metalloprotease 10 (ADAM10) is a key regulator of cellular processes by shedding extracellular domains of transmembrane proteins. We have previously demonstrated that deletion of B cell expressed ADAM10 results in changes in lymphoid tissue architecture and impaired germinal center (GC) formation. In this study, mice were generated in which ADAM10 is deleted in B cells following class switch recombination (ADAM10Δ/ΔIgG1-cre+/− mice). Despite normal GC formation, antibody responses were impaired in ADAM10Δ/ΔIgG1-cre+/− mice, implicating ADAM10 in post-GC and extrafollicular B cell terminal differentiation. Surprisingly, plasma cell (PC) numbers were normal in ADAM10Δ/ΔIgG1-cre+/− mice when compared to controls. However, PCs isolated from ADAM10Δ/ΔIgG1-cre+/− mice exhibited decreased expression of transcription factors important for PC function: Prdm1, Xbp1 and Irf4. Bcl6 is a GC transcriptional repressor that inhibits the PC transcriptional program and thus must be downregulated for PC differentiation to occur. Bcl6 expression was increased in PCs isolated from ADAM10Δ/ΔIgG1-cre+/− mice at both the mRNA and protein level. These results demonstrate that ADAM10 is required for proper transcription factor expression in PCs and thus, for normal PC function.
Characteristics of Patients Referred to Psychiatrists for Competency Evaluations

Requests for inpatient psychiatric consultations at a general hospital over a three-year period were reviewed. Of 2,423 referrals, 79(3.3%) were specifically for evaluation of competency, and 78.5% of those cases resulted in a diagnosis of an organic mental disorder. The proportion of referrals with organic mental disorder was significantly greater than it was in a control population of patients referred for consultation for any reason. Patients with organic mental disorder who were referred for competency evaluation had greater cognitive impairment than did control subjects.
Probing AC Stark shift with attosecond transient absorption

The dynamics of helium 1snp excited states in an intense, few-cycle laser pulse are probed using isolated attosecond pulses in a transient absorption scheme. In addition to the dynamic Stark shift, we observe half-cycle oscillations.
‘Over There’ and ‘Back Then’: An Odyssey in National Subjectivity

In this paper I explore the ways in which Latinas, young US-born Mexican-descent teenage girls, construct national belonging through difference: corporeal, spatial, and temporal difference between themselves and their Mexican contemporaries, young Mexicanas. Specifically, I analyse their representations of Mexico and Mexicanas, in narratives of their own and others' travels, and experiences of living, ‘over there’ and ‘back then’. I argue that, in and through an engagement of body image with national narratives and transnational hierarchies, the young women intervene in and reproduce hegemonic narratives of nation and gender. In so doing they simultaneously construct a transgressive modern national subjectivity for themselves and a regressive domestic subjectivity for the young Mexicanas, both of which are fixed in place and ordered differentially in time.
Superficial stellate cells of the dorsal cochlear nucleus

The dorsal cochlear nucleus (DCN) integrates auditory and multisensory signals at the earliest levels of auditory processing. Proposed roles for this region include sound localization in the vertical plane, head orientation to sounds of interest, and suppression of sensitivity to expected sounds. Auditory and non-auditory information streams to the DCN are refined by a remarkably complex array of inhibitory and excitatory interneurons, and the role of each cell type is gaining increasing attention. One inhibitory neuron that has been poorly appreciated to date is the superficial stellate cell. Here we review previous studies and describe new results that reveal the surprisingly rich interactions that this tiny interneuron has with its neighbors, interactions which enable it to respond to both multisensory and auditory afferents.
Preoperative irradiation of osteogenic sarcoma with intra-arterially injected yttrium-90 microspheres. Case report.

Plastic microspheres containing yttrium-90 were injected intra-arterially into an osteogenic sarcoma of the femur to administer preoperative irradiation. Brems-strahlung scans showed radioactivity localized in tumor and lungs. Specimens from the sarcoma and adjacent normal tissue were assayed for radioactivity and dose administered, about 2800 rads to the tumor and 100 rads to the adjacent skin. This method of preoperative irradiation merits further investigation.
Successful transient introduction of Leishmania RNA virus into a virally infected and an uninfected strain of Leishmania.

Abstract Viruses of Leishmania have recently been identified and characterized. These viruses are consistently double-stranded RNA viruses of approximately 5 kb. To date, they have not been reported to exist outside their protozoan host, nor have they been shown to be infectious. We report here the ability to transiently transfer these viruses to two strains of Leishmania, one previously infected and one that did not previously carry a virus. A PCR-based assay was used to detect viral negative-stranded RNA. Input RNA was ruled out as the source of template because a replication-incompetent (UV inactivated) virus was not detectable after transfer into Leishmania.
Microwave Dielectric Properties and Low-Temperature Cofiring of BaTe4O9 with Aluminum Metal Electrode

Polycrystalline BaTe4O9 ceramic compound was investigated as a promising microwave dielectric compound for low-temperature cofired ceramics (LTCC) applications. The binary phase BaTe4O9 was synthesized and subsequently densified over the temperature range of only 500°–550°C, which allows for low-temperature cofiring with aluminum metal. The dielectric properties of BaTe4O9 ceramics sintered at 550°C for 2 h were determined in the microwave region of 12–14 GHz. The dielectric constant and Q×f product obtained were 17.5 and 54 700 GHz at 12 GHz, respectively. The temperature coefficient of resonance frequency showed a negative value of −90 ppm/°C. In terms of its evaluation for LTCC, the BaTe4O9 composition was found to be chemically compatible and successfully cofired with highly conductive aluminum electrode, while maintaining good electrical performance.
Pair correlation function for a system with velocity-dependent interactions

The canonical statistical sum for the Breit-Darwin plasma is investigated by means of a generalized van Kampen cellular method. In particular, the pair correlation function is derived. This function agrees with that previously obtained by Trubnikov from the approximate closure of the BBGKY hierarchy. The method developed in this paper can be used for the description of other systems in which the velocity-dependent forces are pairwise.
Distribution of integrin-like immunoreactivity on primate brain microvasculature.

The objective of this immunohistochemical study was to detail the distribution patterns of α and β integrin subunit expression in non-ischemic non-human primate brain in comparison to that reported for rodents and humans. For this purpose cerebral specimens were obtained from 3 adolescent male baboons by direct perfusion and immediate processing. Well-characterized monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against human α and β integrin subunit antigens were used to define their location and distribution relative to the markers for vascular basal lamina, laminin (LM), and astrocytic fibers or glial fibrillic acid protein (GFAP). Quantitation of microvascular epitopes required computerized videoimaging microscopy and laser confocal microscopy (LCM). Each subunit was categorized into one of four microvascular patterns relative to LM antigen : (a) all microvascular diameter categories-α 1 , α 6 , and β 1 ; (b) antigen-sparing capillaries α 2 , α 4 , α 5 , α v , and β 3 ; (c) a subset of all microvascular diameter classes-α 3 , β 4 , and β 5 ; and (d) no antigen apparent, β 2 . Subunit antigens α 1 , α 2 , β 1 , and β 5 were detected on perivascular astrocytes. Subunits α 1 and β 1 , and GFAP colocalized (LCM). This quantitative survey detailed specific microvascular and astrocyte associations of certain α and β integrin subunits in non-human primate brain. Specific reproducible and consistent distributions of α and β subunits form the basis for further investigation of their responses to focal ischemia in a human relevant system.
Agentless cloud-wide monitoring of virtual disk state

Abstract : This dissertation proposes a fundamentally different way of monitoring persistent storage. It introduces a monitoring platform based on the modern reality of software defined storage which enables the decoupling of policy from mechanism. The proposed platform is both agentlessmeaning it operates external to and independent of the entities it monitorsand scalablemeaning it is designed to address many systems at once with a mixture of operating systems and applications. Concretely, this dissertation focuses on virtualized clouds, but the proposed monitoring platform generalizes to any form of persistent storage. The core mechanism this dissertation introduces is called Distributed Streaming Virtual Machine Introspection (DS-VMI), and it leverages two properties of modern clouds: virtualized servers managed by hypervisors enabling efficient introspection, and file-level duplication of data within cloud instances. We explore a new class of agentless monitoring applications via three interfaces with two different consistency models: cloud-inotify (strong consistency), /cloud (eventual consistency), and /cloud-history (strong consistency). cloud inotify is a publish-subscribe interface to cloud-wide file-level updates and it supports event-based monitoring applications. /cloud is designed to support batch-based and legacy monitoring applications by providing a file system interface to cloud-wide file-level state. /cloud-history is designed to support efficient search and management of historic virtual disk state. It leverages new fast-to-access archival storage systems, and achieves tractable indexing of file-level history via whole-file deduplication using a novel application of an incremental hashing construction.
Understanding generational gaps to improve faculty–student relationships

Today nursing classrooms have students from various generations, ranging from Baby Boomers to Generation Y. This multi-generational nursing classroom has incorporated numerous challenges for nursing faculty. Learning styles differ across each generation span and we as nursing faculty need to be aware of our own generation learning style to move forward. We as educators can enhance our teaching strategies to challenge the various generations.
Ensemble-based global ocean data assimilation

Abstract We present results of experiments performing global, ensemble-based, ocean-only data assimilation and assess the utility of such data assimilation in improving model predictions. The POP (Parallel Ocean Program) Ocean General Circulation Model (OGCM) is forced by interannually varying atmospheric fields of version 2 of the Coordinated Ocean Reference Experiment (CORE) data set, and temperature and salinity observations from the World Ocean Database 2009 (WOD09) are assimilated. The assimilation experiments are conducted over a period of about two years starting January 1, 1990 using the framework of the Data Assimilation Research Testbed (DART). We find that an inflation scheme that blends the ensemble-based sample error covariance with a static estimate of ensemble spread is necessary for the assimilations to be effective in the ocean model. We call this Climatology-based Spread Inflation or CSI for short. The effectiveness of the proposed inflation scheme is investigated in a low-order model; a series of experiments in this context demonstrates its effectiveness. Using a number of diagnostics, we show that the resulting assimilated state of ocean circulation is more realistic: In particular, the sea surface temperature (SST) shows reduced errors with respect to an unassimilated SST data set, and the subsurface temperature shows reduced errors with respect to observations. Finally, towards assessing the utility of assimilations for predictions, we show that the use of an assimilated state as initial condition leads to improved hindcast skill over a significant period of time; that is when the OGCM is initialized with an assimilated state and run forward, it is better able to predict unassimilated observations of the WOD09 than a control non-assimilating run ( ≈ 20% reduction in error) over a period of about three months. The loss of skill beyond this period is conjectured to be due, in part, to model error and prevents an improvement in the representation of variability on longer time-scales.
Multifetal pregnancy reduction and selective termination

The incidence of multifetal pregnancies has increased markedly over the past 20 years because of advancements in assisted reproductive techniques. Despite efforts to avoid multifetal pregnancies, data from the National Center for Health Statistics indicates that from 1971 to 1998 the rate of twins increased from 1.8% to 2.8%, the rate of triplets increased 5.9-fold, and the rate of quadruplets increased 11-fold [1]. This dramatic increase in the number of multifetal pregnancies has driven physicians to develop techniques to deal with complications that arise as a result of these pregnancies. Multifetal pregnancy reduction (MPR) and selective termination (ST) are ultrasound-guided procedures that have evolved over the past 20 years [2,3]. While the technical aspects of the procedures are similar, the purpose and the long-term outcomes are different. MPR is the nonselective reduction of one or more fetuses in a multifetal pregnancy. The purpose is to reduce the number of fetuses in an attempt to prolong the pregnancy to a point at which it is likely to result in a term or near-term birth of the remaining fetus or fetuses, obviating the complications of extreme prematurity. ST is offered when a multifetal pregnancy has one or more fetuses that have a karyotypic, structural, or genetic abnormality. While the procedure was originally performed for major anomalies that result in survival of a severely impaired fetus, it also can be performed for a lethal anomaly. The purpose of ST is to continue the pregnancy with only a nonanomalous fetus or fetuses. This article discusses the natural history of multifetal pregnancies and the indications, techniques, risks, benefits, and alternatives for MPR and ST procedures. The psychological impact of MPR and ST is also addressed.
A New Macromodeling Approach for Digital Output Drivers and Application in Simultaneous Switching Noise Analysis

Output driver models play a critical role in simultaneous switching noise (SSN) analysis. However, their accuracy must often be compromised with simplicity of implementation for large scale SSN simulations. We present an approach for creating simple, fast, and accurate macromodels of output drivers. To demonstrate their usefulness, simulation results in multi-IO SSN simulations are shown and compared to those obtained from transistor level SPICE libraries.
What is coronary blood flow reserve? : Insights using myocardial contrast echocardiography

This review will briefly describe the principles of myocardial contrast echocardiography, and then discuss the clinical and experimental observations that led to the use of this approach to investigate the pathophysiological basis of coronary blood flow reserve. The insights offered by myocardial contrast echocardiography are unique and novel, and highlight the importance of the myocardial capillaries in determining coronary blood flow reserve in health and disease.