cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of Intraocular Tumors with Hematoporphyrin-Derivative Photoradiation Therapy

Hematoporphyrin derivative (HpD) photoradiation therapy (PRT) is currently being examined for the treatment of intraocular tumors. HpD is taken up in malignant tissue, and tumorcidal action can be induced when HpD is activated with visible red light. Preclinical studies have been performed to examine the pharmacology of HpD and the toxicology of HpD PRT in both normal and malignant structures in the eye of pigmented rabbits. A dye laser system has been utilized to generate red light (630 nm) for localized irradiation of ocular tissue following intravenous administration of HpD. Tissue distribution of HpD was measured by an acid extraction procedure. Vascular structures of the eye, such as the choroid, iris, and experimental ocular tumor, retained significant levels of HpD. In addition, there is a transient uptake of HpD in the aqueous (Fig. 1). Nonvascular structures such as the cornea and lens did not take up HpD. Toxicity studies demonstrated that HpD administration (1–10 mg/kg) followed 48 h later with a transpupil irradiation of red light (630 nm, 40–90 J/cm2) resulted in well-defined areas of retinal damage within the treatment field. The lenses of 18 eyes have remained clear during a 24 month follow-up. Tumor response following HpD PRT is rapid and characterized by massive vascular disruption and tumor tissue necrosis. Currently, 10 patients with intraocular tumors (retinoblastoma or uveal melanoma) have received HpD PRT. The preliminary clinical results will be described.
“Visual Anthropology Is Dead, Long Live Visual Anthropology!”

Rethinking Visual Anthropology. Marcus Banks and Howard Morphy. eds. New Haven, CT: Yale University Press, 1997. 306 pp. Principles of Visual Anthropology. Paul Hockings. ed. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter, 1995. 562 pp. Fields of Vision: Essays in Film Studies, Visual Anthropology, and Photography. Leslie Devereaux and Roger Hillman. eds. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995. 362 pp.
Simulations of ICl-(CO2)n photodissociation: effects of structure, excited state charge flow, and solvent dynamics.

Experiments on the photodissociation of ICl− within size-selected CO2 clusters [Nadal, M. E.; Kleiber, P. D.; Lineberger, W. C. J. Chem. Phys. 1996, 105, 504.] differ from analogous experiments on ...
Prevention of Transthyretin Amyloid Disease by Changing Protein Misfolding Energetics

Genetic evidence suggests that inhibition of amyloid fibril formation by small molecules should be effective against amyloid diseases. Known amyloid inhibitors appear to function by shifting the aggregation equilibrium away from the amyloid state. Here, we describe a series of transthyretin amyloidosis inhibitors that functioned by increasing the kinetic barrier associated with misfolding, preventing amyloidogenesis by stabilizing the native state. The trans-suppressor mutation, threonine 119 --> methionine 119, which is known to ameliorate familial amyloid disease, also functioned through kinetic stabilization, implying that this small-molecule strategy should be effective in treating amyloid diseases.
Effect of ball-milling on 3-V capacity of lithium-manganese oxospinel cathodes

Ball-milling for a sufficient period of time of lithium−manganese oxide spinels, prepared either by a sol−gel method or by solid-state reaction, gave cathode materials of a lithium cell with excellent capacity retention in the 3-V range at room temperature and elevated temperatures despite an apparent Jahn−Teller distortion. In a 50-cycle test with 0.5 mA/cm2, a sample ball-milled for 1 h gave a constant capacity of 122 mAh/g at a constant voltage 2.9 V versus lithium. X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy were performed on the ball-milled spinel powders; they were found to contain significant strain and to consist of nanometer-scale grains. Furthermore, partial oxidation of manganese ions took place during the ball-milling process.
A shock tube study of the rate constants of HO2 and CH3 reactions

Abstract HO 2 and CH 3 are major intermediate species presented during the oxidation of natural gas at intermediate temperatures and high pressures. Previous theoretical calculations have identified several product channels for HO 2 and CH 3 reactions, with CH 3 + HO 2 → CH 3 O + OH and CH 3 + HO 2 → CH 4 + O 2 being the dominant reaction pathways. Both reaction pathways play an important role in the kinetics of CH 4 oxidation as CH 3 + HO 2 → CH 3 O + OH is a chain-branching reaction whereas CH 3 + HO 2 → CH 4 + O 2 a chain termination reaction. H 2 O 2 /CH 4 /Ar mixtures were shock-heated to a temperature between 1054 and 1249 K near 3.5 atm to initiate the reaction. OH radicals yielded from H 2 O 2 thermal decomposition react with H 2 O 2 and CH 4 respectively to produce HO 2 and CH 3 in the reacting system. Using laser absorption spectroscopy, time-histories of H 2 O, OH and HO 2 were measured behind reflected shock waves. The rate constant of reaction CH 3 + HO 2 → CH 3 O + OH was determined to be 6.8 × 10 12 cm 3 mol −1 s −1 with an uncertainty factor of 1.4. The rate constant of the competing CH 3 + HO 2 → CH 4 + O 2 reaction was determined to be 4.4 × 10 12 cm 3 mol −1 s −1 , with an uncertainty factor of 2.1. In addition, the rate constants of two other major reactions of the reacting system, H 2 O 2 (+M) → 2OH (+M) and OH + CH 4 → CH 3 O + OH, were found to have excellent agreement with values recommended in literature.
Laser Verification of Charge Sharing in a 90 nm Bulk CMOS Process

Charge-collection circuits were designed and fabricated in a 90 nm bulk CMOS process to examine the effects of charge sharing in sub-100 nm bulk CMOS processes. Laser interrogation of the charge-collection circuits provide the first direct verification of sub-100 nm charge sharing effects and show the nodal spacing dependence of charge sharing. 3-D TCAD simulations corroborate the laser data and also show the use of guard-diodes as an effective charge sharing mitigation technique.
Mother's age at menarche and offspring size

An individual's growth trajectory is, at least in part, inherited. Mother's early age at menarche has been associated with taller offspring height and greater body mass index (BMI) at age 9 years, suggesting that mother's age at menarche may be an intergenerational marker of growth. We examined the association between mother's age at menarche and childhood size at birth, and at ages 1, 3, 4, 7 and 8 years in the Collaborative Perinatal Project. We examined 128 636 measurements obtained from 31 474 Black and White children. We transformed the original measurements into z-scores. Child size was examined in mixed models, adjusted for center, child sex, race, socioeconomic index, child's exact age at measurement (in months), mother's age at recruitment and, depending on which measure was the outcome in the specific model, mother's height, pre-pregnancy weight or BMI. Compared with children whose mother had menarche at age 15 years or later, children whose mothers had age at menarche before age 12 years were taller from 1 year of age and had higher BMI, particularly at ages 7 and 8 years (0.17 and 0.19 z-score units, respectively). Mothers' age at menarche is a modest predictor of their children's growth trajectory. The mechanism is likely to be heritable, although other explanations are possible.
Injury Effects of Rollovers and Events Sequence in Single-Vehicle Crashes:

The effect that rollovers and tripping-event sequence surrounding rollover crashes have on the severity of driver injury was explored. Three-year crash and inventory data from Michigan (N = 35,447) and Illinois (N = 24, 296) were analyzed to explore the effect of rollover, while controlling for roadway, vehicle, and driver factors. The results show that 9 percent of single-vehicle crashes are either fatal or cause incapacitating driver injuries (K + A injuries). Significantly more fatalities and incapacitating injuries occur in rollover crashes. Logistic regression models of fatal and incapacitating injuries (K + A) versus other injuries and noninjuries (B + C + 0) were estimated separately and together for the two states. The results show that the effects of independent variables are largely consistent across the two states. Driver-injury severity increases with rollovers; failure to use a seat belt; passenger cars (as opposed to pickup trucks); alcohol use; daylight; rural roads (as opposed to urban); p...
Annual Endoscopy and Urine Cytology for the Surveillance of Bladder Tumors After Enterocystoplasty for Congenital Bladder Anomalies

Purpose: It is currently recommended that patients with congenital bladder anomalies managed by enterocystoplasty undergo annual surveillance with urine cytology and endoscopy. We reviewed our experience with this protocol and suggest modifications based on this experience.Materials and Methods: A total of 65 patients 10 years or more after enterocystoplasty were placed on an annual surveillance protocol consisting of interval medical history, renal-bladder ultrasound, serum B12, electrolytes, creatinine, urinalysis, urine cytology and endoscopy.Results: Of the 65 patients 50 (77%) with enterocystoplasty (ileal in 40 and colonic in 10) remain on the protocol. Median age at the initiation of surveillance was 28 years (range 24 to 40) with a median time from augmentation of 15 years (range 12 to 29). During the first 5 years of surveillance 26 of 250 cytology results (10.5%) were suspicious for cancer. Further evaluation revealed no evidence of malignancy. Specificity for cytology was 90% with unknown sensi...
Pollutant effects on the mixed function oxygenase (MFO) and reproductive systems of the marine polychaete Nereis virens

The cytochrome P-450 dependent mixed-function oxygenase (MFO) system ofNereis virens, found in the endoplasmic reticulum of the intestinal epithelium, has similar components and cofactor requirements when compared to other invertebrates. Worms exposed to food containing benzo(a)pyrene or a mixture of polychlorinated biphenyls (Aroclor 1254) had significantly higher MFO activity and cytochrome P-450 content than unexposed ones.N. virens from a site in Porland, Maine, USA, which was heavily contaminated with oil, and nearby “clean” reference sites were studied. The weight, MFO activity and presence or absence of gametes were determined. The MFO activity in worms from the oil-contaminated site was approximately six times that of worms from the reference sites; worms from the reference areas were six times larger than oil-contaminated worms. Worms from the oil-contaminated area lacked or had undeveloped gametes in spring, summer and fall. In contrast, many of the worms collected from the reference sites at the same times had fully developed gametes.
Transmission of Ultra-Violet Light Through Window Glass

Abstract ORDINARY window glass transmits very little, if any, of the biologically effective ultra-violet light, as shown by Wood (1926), Bethke and Kennard (1926), Tisdall and Brown (1927), Eddy (1928), Cockran and Bittenbender (1928), Scott, Hart, and Halpin (1929), Wyman and associates (1929), and others. Efforts to develop cheap and durable ultra-violet light transmitting materials have been almost universally unsuccessful in the past, as shown by Luckiesh (1930). Vitaglass, Corning glass and other rather expensive special glasses transmit some biologically effective ultra-violet light, as shown by Tisdall and Brown (1927), Eddy (1928), Scott, Hart, and Halpin (loc. cit.), Wyman and co-workers (loc. cit.), Hauch and Hanke (1931). More recently Lustraglass, which sells at the same price as ordinary window glass, has appeared on the market. It is said to transmit biologically effective ultra-violet light. The purpose of this paper is to present data on the transmission of biologically effective ultra-violet light . . .
How internet users find, evaluate, and use online health information: a cross-cultural review.

The Internet has become a favored source to find health information. Worldwide, about 4.5% of all Internet searches are for health-related information. However, research has found that the quality of online health information is mixed, which raises serious concerns about the impact of this information. This paper reviews relevant research to understand how health information on the Internet is retrieved, evaluated, and used. Most users of online health information are looking for information about specific health conditions because they or someone they know was diagnosed with a medical condition. They typically use general search engines to find online health information and enter short phrases, often misspelled. They seldom go beyond the first page of a search. Both their search and evaluation skills are limited although they are concerned about the quality of online health information. They avoid sites with overt commercialism, but often do not pay attention to indicators of credibility. Online health i...
Effects of 14 MeV neutron irradiation on creep of nickel and niobium

Abstract Flux, stress and temperature effects on the creep strength of nickel and niobium were observed in situ at the RTNS-II 14 MeV neutron source at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Creep tests were done on Ni and Nb near 0.3 T m with stresses to 280 MPa in a high vacuum test unit using a digital computer for control and data acquisition. Cyclic flux tests produced dramatic changes in creep rate. This creep behavior is attributed to the point defect fluctuations in the crystal structure. Analysis of creep and stress relaxation under steady state flux indicates that an intermediate temperature, thermally activated deformation mechanism is rate controlling.
High‐precision continuous‐flow isotope ratio mass spectrometry

Although high-precision isotope determinations are routine in many areas of natural science, the instrument principles for their measurements have remained remarkably unchanged for four decades. The introduction of continuous-flow techniques to isotope ratio mass spectrometry (IRMS) instrumentation has precipitated a rapid expansion in capabilities for high-precision measurement of C, N, O, S, and H isotopes in the 1990s. Elemental analyzers, based on the flash combustion of solid organic samples, are interfaced to IRMS to facilitate routine C and N isotopic analysis of unprocessed samples. Gas/liquid equilibrators have automated O and H isotopic analysis of water in untreated aqueous fluids as complex as urine. Automated cryogenic concentrators permit analysis at part-per-million concentrations in environmental samples. Capillary gas chromatography interfaced to IRMS via on-line microchemistry facilitates compound-specific isotope analysis (CSIA) for purified organic analytes of 1 nmol of C, N, or O. GC-based CSIA for hydrogen and liquid chromatography-based interfaces to IRMS have both been demonstrated, and continuing progress promises to bring these advances to routine use. Automated position-specific isotope analysis (PSIA) using noncatalytic pyrolysis has been shown to produce fragments without appreciable carbon scrambling or major isotopic fractionation, and shows great promise for intramolecular isotope ratio analysis. Finally, IRMS notation and useful elementary isotopic relationships derived from the fundamental mass balance equation are presented.
Comparison of the expression of several stress-responsive genes in potato tubers

Changes in gene expression induced by mechanical injury and heat shock were studied by comparing the expression of several stress-responsive gene families in potato tubers. The steady-state levels of mRNA-encoding ubiquitin, HSP70, and phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) increased and patatin transcript levels decreased within 45 minutes of impact injury. Nuclear runoff assays were used to demonstrate that the changes in steady-state transcript levels were due, at least in part, to changes in the rate of transcription for these genes. The observed changes in transcript levels were confined to the injured portion of the tuber. Treatment of tubers with exogenous ethylene elicited the same changes in the steady-state transcript levels as impact injury, indicating a potential role for this hormone in the injury-induced regulation of these genes. Two other forms of physical stress, heat shock and cutting injury, resulted in patterns of gene expression that are different from those induced by impact injury. The stress-induced regulation of these four gene families is complex, even though several characteristics of their expression are similar.
Characteristic high- and low-frequency dental traits in sub-Saharan African populations

In an earlier investigation (Irish [1993] Biological Affinities of Late Pleistocene Through Modern African Aboriginal Populations: The Dental Evidence [Ann Arbor: University Microfilms]), biological affinities of 32 sub-Saharan and North African dental samples were estimated using comparative analyses of 36 dental morphological traits. Marked dental homogeneity was revealed among samples within each of the two geographic regions, but significant interregional differences were noted. Assuming dental phenetic expression approximates or is an estimate of genetic variation, the present study of 976 sub-Saharan-affiliated Africans indicates they are not closely related to other world groups; they are characterized by numerous morphologically complex crown and root traits. Turner ([1984] Acta Anthropogenetica 8:23-78; [1985] in R Kirk and E Szathmary (eds.): Out of Asia: Peopling the Americas and the Pacific [Canberra: The Journal of Pacific History], pp. 31-78; [1990] Am. J. Phys. Anthropol. 82:295-318; [1992] Persp. Hum. Biol. 2/Archaeol. Oceania 27:120-127; [1992] in T Akaszawa, K Aoki, and T Kimura (eds.): The Evolution and Dispersal of Modern Humans in Asia [Tokyo: Hokusen-Sha Publishing Co-], pp. 415-438) reports that Northeast Asian/New World sinodonts also have complex teeth relative to Europeans, Southeast Asian sundadonts, Australian/Tasmanians, and Melanesians. However, sinodonty is characterized by UI1 winging, UI1 shoveling, UI1 double shoveling, one-rooted UP1, UM1 enamel extension, M3 agenesis, and three-rooted LM1. Sub-Saharan peoples exhibit very low frequencies of these features. It is proposed that the collection of dental traits which best differentiate sub-Saharan Africans from other worldwide samples includes high frequencies of the Bushman Canine, two-rooted UP1, UM1 Carabelli's trait, three-rooted UM2, LM2 Y-groove pattern, LM1 cusp 7, LP1 Tome's root, two-rooted LM2, UM3 presence, and very low incidences of UI1 double shoveling and UM1 enamel extension. This suite of diagnostic traits is termed the sub-Saharan African dental complex.
Current cost and performance requirements for residential cool-storage systems

Abstract Cool-storage systems have the potential to reduce the overall cost of cooling for residential customers by shifting all or part of the electric load occurring during peak-demand periods to off-peak periods, thus lowering the total electrical bill where time-of-day (TOD) rates exist. The potential energy cost savings are substantial. In some U.S. locales (e.g., within the districts served by Oklahoma Gas and Electric, Arkansas Power and Light, and Wisconsin Electric Power), the difference between the peak and off-peak energy charges are >$0.100/kWh. This savings potential is the primary driving force for developing cool-storage systems for residential applications. This study establishes the current cost and performance requirements that make residential cool-storage technologies economically competitive with conventional residential air-conditioning systems. The results are based on the characteristics of conventional air-conditioning equipment and residential TOD rate structures existing during 1986–1987. Initial capital cost and annual coefficient of performance requirements for cool-storage systems were calculated for three U.S. cities with different climates and utility-rate structures. Both new construction and retrofits were considered.
Predicting walleye recruitment as a tool for prioritizing management actions

We classified walleye (Sander vitreus) recruitment with 81% accuracy (recruitment success and failure predicted cor- rectly in 84% and 78% of lake-years, respectively) using a random forest model. Models were constructed using 2779 surveys collected from 541 Wisconsin lakes between 1989 and 2013 and predictor variables related to lake morphometry, thermal habitat, land use, and fishing pressure. We selected predictors to minimize collinearity while maximizing classification accuracy and data availability. The final model classified recruitment success based on lake surface area, water temperature degree-days, shoreline development factor, and conductivity. On average, recruitment was most likely in lakes larger than 225 ha. Low degree-days also increased the probability of successful recruitment, but primarily in lakes smaller than 150 ha. We forecasted the probability of walleye recruitment in 343 lakes considered for walleye stocking; lakes with high probability of natural reproduction but recent history of recruitment failure were prioritized for restoration stocking. Our results highlight the utility of models designed to predict recruitment for guiding management decisions, provided models are validated appropriately. Resume : Un modele de foret aleatoire pour la categorisation du recrutement de dores jaunes (Sander vitreus) s'est avere exact dans 81 % des cas (prediction correcte du succes ou de l'echec du recrutement pour 84 % et 78 % des annees-lac, respectivement). Des modeles ont ete elabores apartir de 2779 evaluations obtenues pour 541 lacs du Wisconsin de 1989 a ` 2013, et de variables predictives reliees ala morphometrie des lacs, al'habitat thermique, al'utilisation du sol et ala pression de peche. Nous avons selectionne les variables predictives de maniere aminimiser la colinearite tout en maximisant l'exactitude de la categorisation et la disponibilite des donnees. Le modele final categorisait le succes de recrutement en fonction de la superficie du lac, des degres-jours de temperature du lac, d'un facteur d'amenagement des berges et de la conductivite. En moyenne, le recrutement etait plus probable dans les lacs de plus de 225 ha. De faibles degres-jours se traduisaient egalement par une probabilite accrue de succes du recrutement, mais principalement dans les lacs de moins de 150 ha. Nous avons predit la probabilite de recrutement de dores jaunes dans 343 lacs consideres comme candidats pour l'ensemencement de dores; la priorite en ce qui concerne l'ensemencement aux fins de retablissement a ete donnee aux lacs presentant une forte probabilite de reproduction naturelle, mais un historique recent d'echec du recrutement. Nos resultats soulignent l'utilite de modeles concus pour predire le recrutement pour ce qui est d'orienter les decisions de gestion, pourvu que ces modeles soient valides adequatement. (Traduit par la Redaction)
Fusion of monocular cues to detect man-made structures in aerial imagery

Abstract The detection and delineation of man-made structures visible in aerial imagery is an important problem for automated cartography, land-use analysis, and thematic mapping. It is also a complex computer vision problem that requires locating regions in imagery that possess properties distinguishing them as man-made objects in the scene, as opposed to naturally occurring terrain features. Current techniques take advantage of structural knowledge to produce building hypotheses. It is reasonable, however, to assume that no single detection method will correctly delineate or verify buildings in every scene. In this paper we introduce a cooperative-methods paradigm for information fusion that is shown to be highly effective in improving the system performance over that achieved by individual building extraction methods. We apply a fusion technique to the symbolic data generated by four monocular building extraction systems in both monocular and stereo image data sets. A set of performance evaluation metrics is developed, described, and applied to the fusion results, and several detailed analyses are presented.
On the absence of case chains in Bambara

In Bambara, problems concerning transitivity appear in sentences containing perfective aspect, and in causatives. These problems will be shown to arise from the interaction of verb movement and the property specific to Bambara that Case cannot be transmitted along a verbal chain. It will be argued that this property follows from a particular setting of a parameter which either allows Case chains or disallows Case chains in a particular language. Quite generally, Case chains can never be formed in Bambara. In the nominal system, the lack of Case chains will account for the fact that syntactic NP movement occurs in more configurations than in a language like English, and for the absence of expletive pronouns that transmit Case at S-structure. I will also suggest that the absence of Case chains has consequences for the syntax of predicate nominals, and may explain the absence of nominal small clauses. Finally, the absence of Case chains suggests a possible account for the absence of syntactic Wh-movement in Bambara.
Point-spread functions for acousto-photonic imaging

The authors are developing a medical imaging technique in which diffusive photon density waves are mixed with ultrasound waves to produce images in diffusive media with the detection capabilities of optical instruments and the resolution capability of ultrasound. In the simplest concept, sidebands of the photon density waves are generated at the focus of the ultrasound wave. Here, the authors report the results of a simulation program that computes the three-dimensional point-spread function (PSF) of the system. They show that while most of the signal arises from the ultrasound focus, the shape of the PSF depends significantly on the location of the optical receiver.
A Study of the Host-Parasite Relationship of Trichophyton Mentagrophytes and Trichophyton Rubrum When Introduced Into the Granuloma Pouch of Rats1

One of two theories is generally offered to explain why the superficial dermato-phytes usually limit their growth to the keratin of the epidermis and its accessory structures. One proposes that the fungus lives entirely in the dead stratum corneum because of nutritional requirements; the other that the host actively and successfully resists any invasive efforts of the dermatophytes, and the stratum corneum and the structures of the skin composed of keratin represent sites of growth by necessity.
VOICE ONSET TIME IN A NORMAL-AGED POPULATION

Evidence suggests that the fine motor coordinations required to maintain the articulatory-laryngeal adjustments represented by measures of voice onset time (VOT) should change as a function of norm...
chipD: a web tool to design oligonucleotide probes for high-density tiling arrays

chipD is a web server that facilitates design of DNA oligonucleotide probes for high-density tiling arrays, which can be used in a number of genomic applications such as ChIP-chip or gene-expression profiling. The server implements a probe selection algorithm that takes as an input, in addition to the target sequences, a set of parameters that allow probe design to be tailored to specific applications, protocols or the array manufacturer's requirements. The algorithm optimizes probes to meet three objectives: (i) probes should be specific; (ii) probes should have similar thermodynamic properties; and (iii) the target sequence coverage should be homogeneous and avoid significant gaps. The output provides in a text format, the list of probe sequences with their genomic locations, targeted strands and hybridization characteristics. chipD has been used successfully to design tiling arrays for bacteria and yeast. chipD is available at http://chipd.uwbacter.org/.
A Mathematical Model of Laser Surface Hardening of Steel

A mathematical model simulating the surface hardening of steel by a laser beam is described, and the results obtained from computer calculations are discussed. The model is based on a finite difference approximation to the differential thermal energy equation which incorporates the latent heat of the solid state phase change. The main process parameters of the process, namely the power, duration, spot size and energy distribution of the beam, and the physical properties of the steel and of the absorbing coating, have all been incorporated into the model. Eutectoid steel with a fine pearlitic microstructure is used as an example.
Dissociations Among Attention, Perception, and Awareness During Object-Substitution Masking

When a visual target object is surrounded by four dots that onset at the same time as the target but remain visible after the target terminates, the four dots dramatically impair target discrimination performance. This phenomenon is called object-substitution masking, reflecting the hypothesis that both the target and the four dots are identified, but the representation of the four dots replaces the representation of the target object before the target can be reported. The present study used the event-related potential technique to demonstrate that a target masked in this manner is identified by the visual system and triggers a shift of attention. However, by the time attention is shifted to the target, only the mask remains visible, leading to impaired behavioral detection performance. These findings support the object-substitution hypothesis and provide new evidence that perception, attention, and awareness can be dissociated.
Analytical solutions for extended surface electrochemical fin models

Abstract Exact solutions were obtained for variations in the potential and the current for three axisymmetric geometries, with positive, negative and zero curvatures, which simulate current transport in fuel cell electrodes. These solutions can be used to assess the influence of geometry on performance for three dimensional electrode microstructures. A solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) electrode was selected as a test case for these studies. From the exact solutions, simulations of current flow and potential drop for one dimensional networks in SOFC electrodes were performed. Numerical tests demonstrated that surfaces with positive curvature have greater current flow for the same potential drop due to higher current losses through the lateral surface area. The study also showed that zero curvature solutions will be sufficiently accurate for positive or negative curvature geometries for moderate radius changes, but differ significantly from positive or negative curvature solutions for more extreme radius changes. Analytical solutions indicate fundamental differences in geometry and its influence on current flow. Based on the results of the simulations, an approximate solution, based on one non-dimensional parameter, was developed for estimating the effects of extreme changes in cross-section area.
Three dimensional transient modeling of a halbach rotor moving above a conductive guideway using fictitious magnetic charge

An efficient three-dimensional transient finite element method for calculating the lift, thrust and lateral forces created when a magnetic rotor is both translationally moved and rotated above an aluminum sheet guideway is presented. The rotor field is calculated from an equivalent fictitious magnetic charge sheet formula. The rotor field's effect on the guideway is accounted for by incorporating the field terms into the guideway boundary conditions. This model is validated by comparing it with steady-state experimental and finite element calculations.
Murine lupus anti-DNA antibodies cross-react with the hapten (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl, but immunization-induced anti-DNA antibodies do not.

The antigen-binding selectivity of 2 sets of anti-DNA antibodies from autoimmune mice and from normal mice was examined. Eighteen affinity-purified anti-DNA autoantibodies from MRL-lpr/lpr mice were examined for binding to the haptens azoben-zenearsonate, phosphorylcholine, (4-hydroxy-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl and (4-hydroxy-5-iodo-3-nitrophenyl)acetyl (NIP). Five of these autoantibodies bound to NIP-protein conjugates. In contrast, none of 12 monoclonal antibodies to single-stranded DNA or left-handed Z-DNA induced by immunization of BALB/c and C57BL/6 mice with nucleic acid antigens reacted with the tested haptens. In a reciprocal test of the relationship between anti-DNA and anti-NIP binding, we examined 24 monoclonal antibodies to NIP, from various strains of mice, for binding to DNA. One such antibody from a BALB/c mouse also bound to DNA. These results are discussed in the context of the mechanisms underlying autoantibody hyperproduction.
Illuminators based on fiber rings.

En utilisant des fibres optiques pour amener la lumiere venant d'une source a distance, on supprime une cause de perturbations electriques, de chaleur, de vibrations du voisinage du systeme de formation d'image
The Career Maturity Inventory: Myths and realities—A rejoinder to Westbrook, Cutts, Madison, and Arcia (1980)

Abstract A rejoinder to B. W. Westbrook, C. C. Cutts, S. S. Madison, and M. A. Arcia's (1980, Journal of Vocational Behavior, 16, 249–281) article on Crites' Model of Career Maturity reveals several logical and methodological flaws in their study. These flaws are explicated by juxtaposing the myths they propose with the realities of empirical research on the Career Maturity Inventory. Most compelling, however, is a reanalysis of their data with the appropriate methodology (hierarchical factor analysis) to test the dimensionality of Crites' Model, the findings clearly supporting its hierarchical multidimensionality and its increasing differentiation between the ninth grade and college years.
Fully developed turbulence via Feigenbaum's period-doubling bifurcations

Since its publication in 1978, Feigenbaum's predictions of the onset of turbulence via period-doubling bifurcations have been thoroughly borne out experimentally. In this paper, Feigenbaum's theory is extended into the regime in which we expect to see fully developed turbulence. We develop a method of averaging that imposes correlations in the fluctuating system generated by this map. With this averaging method, the field variable is obtained by coarse-graining, while microscopic fluctuations are preserved in all averaging scales. Fully developed turbulence will be shown to be a result of microscopic fluctuations with proper averaging. Furthermore, this model preserves Feigenbaum's results on the physics of bifurcations at the onset of turbulence while yielding additional physics both at the onset of turbulence and in the fully developed turbulence regime.
Accurate static estimators for program optimization

Determining the relative execution frequency of program regions is essential for many important optimization techniques, including register allocation, function inlining, and instruction scheduling. Estimates derived from profiling with sample inputs are generally regarded as the most accurate source of this information; static (compile-time) estimates are considered to be distinctly inferior. If static estimates were shown to be competitive, however, their convenience would outweigh minor gains from profiling, and they would provide a sound basis for optimization when profiling is impossible.We use quantitative metrics to compare estimates from static analysis to those derived from profiles. For C programs, simple techniques for predicting branches and loop counts suffice to estimate intraprocedural frequency patterns with high accuracy. To determine inter-procedural estimates successfully, we combine function-level information with a Markov model of control flow over the call graph to produce arc and basic block frequency estimates for the entire program.For a suite of 14 programs, including the C programs from the SPEC92 benchmark suite, we demonstrate that static estimates are competitive with those derived from profiles. Using simple heuristics, we can determine the most frequently executed blocks in each function with 81% accuracy. With the Markov model, we identify 80% of the frequently called functions. Combining the two techniques, we identify 76% of the most frequently executed call sites.
Using Alice 2.0 to Design Games for People with Stroke.

Abstract Computer and videogames are gaining in popularity as rehabilitation tools. Unfortunately, most systems still require extensive programming/engineering knowledge to create, something that therapists, as novice programmers, do not possess. There is software designed to allow novice programmers to create storyboard and games through simple drag-and-drop formats; however, the applications for therapeutic game development have not been studied. The purpose of this study was to have an occupational therapy (OT) student with no prior computer programming experience learn how to create computer games for persons with stroke using Alice 2.0, a drag-and-drop editor, designed by Carnegie Mellon University (Pittsburgh, PA). The OT student learned how to use Alice 2.0 through a textbook, tutorials, and assistance from computer science students. She kept a journal of her process, detailing her successes and challenges. The OT student created three games for people with stroke using Alice 2.0. She found that al...
Effect of covalent modification on coproporphyrinogen oxidase from chicken red blood cells.

ABSTRACT The biosynthesis of heme is a complex multi-step pathway requiring the efforts of eight enzymes. The initial enzymes in the heme biosynthetic pathway have been well characterized in relation to their mechanisms. Coproporphyrinogen oxidase (Copro'gen oxidase) is one of the last three enzymes in the pathway and is one of the least well understood. Copro'gen oxidase converts Coproporphyrinogen III to protoporphyrinogen IX via oxidative decarboxylation of the 3- and 8- propionic side chain moieties. To further our understanding of the recognition and binding of substrate, Copro'gen oxidase was partially purified from chicken red blood cell hemolysates then incubated with covalent modifiers of specific amino acids. Incubation with tetranitromethane, p-hydroxyphenylglyoxal, N-acetylimidazole, or trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid resulted in substantial reduction of Copro'gen oxidase activity implying the presence of critical tyrosine, arginine and lysine residues. We conclude that these amino acids play imp...
Strong test ideals

Abstract We prove that the test ideal is a strong test ideal whenever it commutes with completion. Additional constructions of strong test ideals are considered.
Ruptured ectopic pregnancy with contralateral adnexal torsion after spontaneous conception.

Objective To describe a case of ruptured ectopic pregnancy and contralateral adnexal torsion after spontaneous conception. Design Case report. Setting Tertiary university medical center. Patient(s) A 23-year-old multiparous female with severe bilateral pelvic pain and a positive pregnancy test. Intervention(s) Operative laparoscopy with detorsion of left adnexa, drainage of left ovarian hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst, right salpingectomy, and dilation and curettage. Main Outcome Measure(s) Laparoscopy revealed a 5 cm hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst of the left ovary, torsion of the left ovary and fallopian tube, and a ruptured right ampullary ectopic pregnancy. Result(s) Normal perfusion of left ovary and fallopian tube after detorsion, resolution of left ovarian hemorrhagic corpus luteum cyst, patent left fallopian tube with chromopertubation, and successful removal of ectopic pregnancy. Conclusion(s) This is a unique case of adnexal torsion and contralateral ectopic pregnancy occurring after spontaneous conception.
Peripheral neuropathy in workers exposed to nitromethane

Background Two workers from a headlight subassembly plant developed severe peripheral neuropathy. These workers had extensive, but brief (1–2 months) dermal and inhalational exposure to nitromethane, a solvent. Methods Environmental sampling was performed for nitromethane and ethyl cyanoacrylate. Medical records, including electrodiagnostic studies, were reviewed. Literature on nitromethane, ethyl cyanoacrylate, and other exposures in the workplace was reviewed. Results Electromyography and nerve conduction studies performed on these patients were consistent with a severe, axonal neuropathy. No etiology was discovered despite an extensive medical evaluation. Environmental sampling revealed exposure to nitromethane at the threshold limit value. Conclusions The history of acute onset of severe peripheral neuropathy temporally associated with exposure to nitromethane is suggestive of a toxic neuropathy. While it cannot be definitively concluded that these two workers developed peripheral neuropathy secondary to exposures at work, occupational exposure to nitromethane appears to be the most likely etiology. Am. J. Ind. Med. 40:107–113, 2001. © 2001 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
83 Kr Nuclear quadrupole coupling in KrHF: evidence for charge transfer

Abstract The 83 Kr nuclear quadrupole coupling constant in KrHF has been measured to be x = 10.227(71) MHz. Using the known 83 Kr nuclear quadrupole moment, the field gradient at the Kr nucleus is evaluated and interpreted in terms of charge transfer in the weak Kr-HF van der Waals bond. Rotational assignments are reported for 82 Kr, 83 Kr, 84 Kr, and 86 Kr isotopic KrHF.
Thermodynamics of molten Li-Sn alloys

The activity of Li in molten Li-Sn alloys was continuously varied and monitored electrochemically in cells of the type Al-LiAl/glass electrolyte/Sn/glass electrolyte/Al-LiAl. The temperature (320 to 380 °C) and compositional dependence of the Li activity coefficient, γLi, was found to follow a quadratic expression of the form In γLi = A + B(1 − XLi)2 up to 30 mole pct lithium. Further, the liquidus temperature, TL, was found to follow TL(°C) = 642 XLi + 188 for 0.20 XLi 0.44 over the temperature range 320 to 470 °C. The partial and integral molar heats of solution were calculated and the results indicate that strong attractive forces exist between Sn and Li. These forces are strong enough to induce substantial ordering in the melt to an extent that the integral molar entropy of mixing at high Li contents (36 mole pct) is negative.
Formation of a recirculation zone in low Re-number turbulence

The formation of a recirculation bubble in swirling jets is investigated using direct simulation results and the pole conditions for the azimuthal Fourier modes in cylindrical coordinates to construct interpolation functions in the grid patch containing the emerging bubble. The time before and after the emergence of the bubble for axi-symmetric and 3-d flows show the structural instability of the axi-symmetric bubble. The properties of the 3-d bubble are documented using streamlines, streamsurfaces and associated Poincare sections and Lyapunov exponents. The streamsurfaces near the unstable manifold of the upstream critical point consist of tightly packed layers and the streamlines inside the bubble are separated into two non-mixing set of lines.
Studying the microscopic clusters involving N in dilute GaIn(Al)NAs alloys via local mode spectroscopy and computer simulation

In the framework of a Green's function theory we report the results of our comprehensive study for the localized vibrational modes (LVMs) associated with microscopic clusters involving N, In and Ga in Ga1–xInx(Alx)NyAs1–y alloys. From the force variation correlation with the bond covalency for the closest mass acceptors CAs(a–) and isoelectronic NAs defects in III-As we have obtained the corrected value of the interaction parameter for Al-N bond predicting NAs local mode in AlAs (∼510 cm–1) at a higher frequency than that of GaAs:14N (∼471 cm–1). Various impurity complexes NAs-Ga4; NAs-InGa(1)-Ga3 and NAs-InGa(2)-Ga2 are identified by comparing the calculated impurity modes with the existing infrared and Raman scattering spectroscopy data. (© 2009 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)
A predictive aircraft landing speed model using neural network

Expected increases in air traffic demand have stimulated the development of automated tools intended to assist the air traffic controller in accurately and precisely spacing aircraft landing at congested airports. Such tools require an accurate landing-speed prediction to increase throughput while decreasing the need for controller' interventions for avoiding separation violations. There are many practical challenges to developing an accurate landing-speed model that has acceptable prediction errors. This paper focuses on a near-term implementation, using readily available information, to model the final approach speed profile from the top-of-descent phase of flight to the landing runway. The developed models accurately predicted the landing speed, for the MD-80 aircraft type operations at the Dallas/Fort Worth airport, 95% of times with error margins of 12.6% for the low-and-no gust and 12% for high gust conditions, respectively. Also, the models reduced the uncertainties of the landing speed predictions by at least 9.5% for both gust conditions from the current state-of-the-art predictions.
Enantioselective Total Synthesis of Pladienolide B: A Potent Spliceosome Inhibitor

An enantioselective and convergent total synthesis of pladienolide B (1) is described. Pladienolide B binds to the SF3b complex of a spliceosome and inhibits mRNA splicing activity. The synthesis features an epoxide opening reaction, an asymmetric reduction of a β-keto ester, and a cross metathesis strategy for the side chain synthesis.
A Comparison of the Efficacy of Various Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Irradiated Polyethylene

Background Ultrahigh-molecular-weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) is subjected to radiation crosslinking to form highly crosslinked polyethylene (HXLPE), which has improved wear resistance. First-generation HXLPE was subjected to thermal treatment to reduce or quench free radicals that can induce long-term oxidative degeneration. Most recently, antioxidants have been added to HXLPE to induce oxidative resistance rather than by thermal treatment. However, antioxidants can interfere with the efficiency of radiation crosslinking.