cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurements of thermal conductivity and optical properties of porous partially stabilized zirconia

Experimental measurements of the high-temperature (300 < T < 800 K) thermal conductivity of highly porous (porosity greater than 80%), partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) were performed. A method of simultaneously inverting conductivity and extinction coefficient from the experimental data is presented. The effect of natural convection within the porous plates with heating from below was found to be negligible. The thermal conductivity integral (TCI) method was incorporated into the inversion of conductivity and radiative properties from the diffusion approximation of the combined radiation and conduction heat flux measurement. The measured conductivity decreased slightly as the pore size of the PSZ increased. The extinction coefficient decreased with increased pore size, and for pore size greater than 0.6 mm the trend had good agreement with the geometric optics limit prediction.
A discrete stage-structured model of California newt population dynamics during a period of drought

We introduce a mathematical model for studying the population dynamics under drought of the California newt (Taricha torosa), a species of special concern in the state of California. Since 2012, California has experienced a record-setting drought, and multiple studies predict drought conditions currently underway will persist and even increase in severity. Recent declines and local extinctions of California newt populations in Santa Monica Mountain streams motivate our study of the impact of drought on newt population sizes. Although newts are terrestrial salamanders, they migrate to streams each spring to breed and lay eggs. Since egg and larval stages occur in water, a precipitation deficit due to drought conditions reduces the space for newt egg-laying and the necessary habitat for larval development. To mathematically forecast newt population dynamics, we develop a nonlinear system of discrete equations that includes demographic parameters such as survival rates for newt life stages and egg production, which depend on habitat availability and rainfall. We estimate these demographic parameters using 15 years of stream survey data collected from Cold Creek in Los Angeles County, California, and our model captures the observed decline of the parameterized Cold Creek newt population. Based upon data analysis, we predict how the number of available newt egg-laying sites varies with annual precipitation. Our model allows us to make predictions about how the length and severity of drought can affect the likelihood of persistence and the time to critical endangerment of a local newt population. We predict that sustained severe drought will critically endanger the newt population but that the newt population can rebound if a drought is sufficiently short.
Prophylactic Antibiotics and Postoperative Complications of Radical Cystectomy: A Population Based Analysis in the United States

Purpose: Infectious, wound and soft tissue events contribute to the morbidity of radical cystectomy but the association between these events and antibiotic prophylaxis is not clear. We sought to describe the contemporary use of antibiotic prophylaxis in radical cystectomy and adherence to published guidelines, and identify regimens with the lowest rates of infectious events.Materials and Methods: We identified the intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis regimen in a population based, retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent radical cystectomy across the United States between 2003 and 2013. Multivariable regression was done to evaluate 90-day infectious events and length of stay.Results: In a weighted cohort of 52,349 patients there were 579 unique antibiotic prophylaxis regimens. Cefazolin was the most commonly used antibiotic (16% of cases). The overall infectious event rate was 25%. Only 15% of patients received antibiotic prophylaxis based on guidelines. Of guideline based antibiotic prophyla...
3D Experimental Measurement of Lattice Strain and Fracture Behavior of Sand Particles Using Synchrotron X-Ray Diffraction and Tomography

AbstractThree-dimensional synchrotron X-ray diffraction (3DXRD) and synchrotron microcomputed tomography (SMT) techniques were used to measure and monitor the lattice strain evolution and fracture ...
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas: very little good, mainly the bad and the ugly.

Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCL) are a heterogeneous group of aggressive non-Hodgkin lymphomas (NHL) with poorer outcomes when compared to the B-cell aggressive NHL [1], with the exception of the...
Anti-HER2 CD4 T helper type 1 response in breast cancer: Is there a role for immunorestoration?

636 Background: Tumor microenvironment infiltration of IFNγ-producing CD4 T helper 1 (Th1) cells is linked to improved prognosis in invasive breast cancer (IBC). We investigated circulating anti-HE...
Computational Study of Ni-Catalyzed C–H Functionalization: Factors That Control the Competition of Oxidative Addition and Radical Pathways

The mechanisms of Ni-catalyzed C–H arylation, alkylation, and sulfenylation with N,N-bidentate directing groups are investigated using density functional theory (DFT) calculations. While the C–H cleavage occurs via the concerted metalation-deprotonation (CMD) mechanism in all types of reactions, the subsequent C–C and C–X bond formation steps may occur via either oxidative addition to form a Ni(IV) intermediate or radical pathways involving Ni(III) complexes generated from homolytic dissociation of disulfides/peroxides or halide-atom transfer from alkyl halides. DFT calculations revealed that radical mechanisms are preferred in reactions with sterically hindered coupling partners with relatively low bond dissociation energies (BDE) such as dicumyl peroxide, heptafluoroisopropyl iodide and diphenyl disulfide. In contrast, these radical processes are highly disfavored when generating unstable phenyl and primary alkyl radicals. In such cases, the reaction proceeds via an oxidative addition/reductive eliminat...
2D carrier profiles by SSRM and TCAD for root cause analysis of low V t PFET

Analysis of ultra-shallow junctions has become a critical requirement especially in the advent of new 3D device structures and technologies. Information derived from available traditional tools and concepts is no longer sufficient for use in TCAD tools for device performance optimization. Furthermore, the complex geometry and nanometer scale critical dimensions of current and future technology node devices impose very stringent requirements on characterization and metrology tools. Although not usually viewed as a critical requirement, sample preparation in FINFET characterization of dopant profiles is just as critical as the technique to be employed for the analysis.
P450s controlling metabolic bifurcations in plant terpene specialized metabolism

Catalyzing stereo- and regio-specific oxidation of inert hydrocarbon backbones, and a range of more exotic reactions inherently difficult in formal chemical synthesis, cytochromes P450 (P450s) offer outstanding potential for biotechnological engineering. Plants and their dazzling diversity of specialized metabolites have emerged as rich repository for functional P450s with the advances of deep transcriptomics and genome wide discovery. P450s are of outstanding interest for understanding chemical diversification throughout evolution, for gaining mechanistic insights through the study of their structure–function relationship, and for exploitation in Synthetic Biology. In this review, we highlight recent developments and examples in the discovery of plant P450s involved in the biosynthesis of industrially relevant monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and triterpenoids, throughout 2016 and early 2017. Examples were selected to illustrate the spectrum of value from commodity chemicals, flavor and fragrance compounds to pharmacologically active terpenoids. We focus on a recently emerging theme, where P450s control metabolic bifurcations and chemical diversity of the final product profile, either within a pathway, or through neo-functionalization in related species. The implications may inform approaches for rational assembly of recombinant pathways, biotechnological production of high value terpenoids and generation of novel chemical entities.
Reproductive health decision-making among US-dwelling Somali Bantu refugee women: A qualitative study.

Aims and Objectives To explore Somali Bantu refugee women's reproductive health decision making, as influenced by their resettlement in the U.S. Background Available literature on reproductive health of refugee women is mostly from the healthcare provider perspective, neglecting the lived experience of the population. Design Qualitative Descriptive. Methods A purposive sample of 30 women was recruited for five focus groups. Data was collected via demographic survey and semi-structured focus group discussion. Content analysis was used to analyze the data. Results Our study revealed that Somali Bantu women considered children as wealth. Reproductive health decision making was influenced by three main factors: family influence, cultural/religious ideas, and experience with various hormonal birth control methods. Conclusions Nurses and other healthcare providers would better serve refugee women if equipped with a more nuanced understanding of factors in their reproductive healthcare decision-making. This study can inform tailored and cultural relevant interventions to improve reproductive health among those at greatest need. Relevance to clinical practice Our findings can serve to guide nurses and other healthcare providers’ clinical approach to a subset of the population whose cultural beliefs and practices regarding reproductive health may be unfamiliar. Incorporating the perspective of the Somali Bantu women will facilitate the provision of person-centered care and ensure women receive appropriate, efficient, and quality care that meets their needs, which may potentially reduce financial costs to the healthcare system. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Making the Case for Artificial Intelligence at Government: Guidelines to Transforming Federal Software Systems

Abstract Adopting new technologies (software or hardware) has always been central to the improvement of any organization (including federal agencies). The challenges of such processes, however, tend to vary among organizations. Although it usually takes extended amounts of time to move governments to new technologies, some decisions that are taken at agency or division levels could prompt a great deal of influence. What is presented in this chapter is an example of that—a set of technical decisions taken at an agency to improve its functions (a paradigm that was tested at the US Department of Agriculture). This chapter provides the reasoning behind the critical need to inject more Artificial Intelligence into governmental systems and provides the motivation for doing so at the federal, state, county, or city level.
The Metabolic Syndrome, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance

There has been a dramatic increase in the prevalence of overweight and obese individuals, leading to a worldwide health crisis. Obesity is interrelated with a cluster of metabolic variables including insulin resistance, impaired glucose tolerance, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. When present together, this cluster of abnormalities has been termed the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome can increase the risk of type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, and lifestyle interventions designed to reduce body weight, increase physical activity, and attenuate metabolic syndrome components are associated with reductions in the incidence of disease. This chapter discusses the various definitions of the metabolic syndrome, as well as controversies regarding the use of the metabolic syndrome as a diagnostic tool. In addition, methods are presented for the assessment of the metabolic syndrome variables, such as insulin resistance, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, blood pressure, obesity, and waist circumference. Although some aspects of the physiological mechanisms in the metabolic syndrome are well understood, the root cause of the metabolic syndrome has not yet been established. Clearly, obesity and insulin resistance are driving forces that interact with other variables (e.g., sympathetic nervous system activity) to produce an altered metabolic state. The pathophysiologic consequences of this metabolic dysregulation include systemic inflammation, oxidant stress, and dyslipidemia, which are factors that affect disease burden.
Noncontact Material Testing Using Low-Energy Optical Generation and Detection of Acoustic Pulses

We will discuss preliminary results on the use of a low-energy laser and a sensitive laser interferometer for noncontact material testing of metals and nonmetals. There have been numerous reports [1–12] on the use of lasers to generate acoustic signals, but this is the first use of a relatively low-energy tunable laser source and improved interferometer to measure acoustic waveforms in both metals and nonmetals [13]. The use of a laser interferometer for the noncontact detection of acoustic pulses has also been reported previously [14–20], but we now report the use of a sensitive “non-Michelson” interferometer with increased signal-to-noise capabilities. The combination of these features allows noncontact, low-energy optical generation and optical detection in a variety of materials, in potentially hostile environments, and provides accurate accoustic waveforms which can be used to characterize specimens. These results, therefore, begin to demonstrate the feasibility of a portable (entirely) optical system for the nondestructive evaluation of materials.
The Reemergence of Restitution: Theory and Practice in the Restatement (Third) of Restitution

The ALI's Restatement (Third) of Restitution provides one of the most interesting expressions of contemporary legal conceptualism. This paper explores the theory and practice of post-realist conceptualism through a review and critique of the Restatement. At the theoretical level, the paper develops a typology of different forms of conceptualism, and shows that the Restatement has more in common with the high formalism of the nineteenth century than with contemporary modes of private law discourse. At the level of substantive doctrine, the paper explains why labels in fact make a difference, and assesses which recoveries are more (and less) likely under the Restatement's scheme. The final section returns to consider why the Restatement reprises the jurisprudence of classical formalism. I suggest that the mythos of legal conceptualism is necessary for introducing a new field that claims to reflect foundational principles of the common law's system of private ordering. Further this mode of discourse helps overcome the dissonance of creating a new field of law in a work that purports to restate existing doctrine.
Efforts to Revive the Aral Sea

The Aral Sea between 1960 and 2012 lost 85 % of its area and 92 % of its volume, while separating into four residual lakes. The Large Aral on the south endured a level drop of 25 m and rise of salinity from 10 g/l to well over 100 g/l. Over this period, the sea suffered immense ecological and economic damage including the destruction of its valuable fishery and degradation of the deltas of its two influent rivers. Nevertheless, in spite of this calamity, and contrary to reports that the sea is a lost cause (popular reports that the sea will “disappear” are simply false), hope has remained that the sea and its deltas could be partially rehabilitated. Various restoration scenarios are discussed. Full revitalization of the sea in the foreseeable future is extremely improbable, but cannot be ruled out for distant times. The project implemented in the first decade of the present century to partially restore the Small (northern) Aral Sea so far has been eminently successful. Partial restoration of the Large (southern) Aral is more problematic as it would be more costly and complicated than the north Aral project. Nevertheless, it is certainly worthy of further investigation. Projects to improve the deltas of the Amu Darya and Syr Darya are also underway. The interested reader should also see Chap. 14 which analyses the potential for biological rehabilitation of the Aral and Chap. 16 focusing on the grandiose Siberian water transfer schemes developed during the Soviet era to radically improve the water balance of the Aral Sea Basin.
Denying the dying. Advance directives and dialysis discontinuation.

A structured interview was administered to a sample of patients on maintenance dialysis and their attending physicians to obtain information on the documentation of their end-of-life treatment preferences. The majonity of the patients reported never having considered stopping dialysis, or having discussed with their nephnologist on family the circumstances in which treatment should be discontinued. Only 7 patients (6%) had completed an advance directive; these patients were all men (P = 0.01) and tended to be better educated (P = 0.02). Only one of the nine physicians had completed an advance directive. In most cases, the dialysis patients and their treatment team staff were preoccupied with the struggles of daily life and had avoided on denied considerations of terminal illness and death. The literature on denial, medical illness, and dying is also reviewed as it relates to dialysis patients, end-of-life treatment, and terminal care.
Cowden’s Disease and Breast Cancer

Cowden’s disease is a heritable syndrome most noted for its characteristic mucocutaneous lesions. The disease is also recognized for its common association with malignancy—especially with breast cancer in women. Diagnosis and patient management techniques are presented.
Effects of receptive language ability on the neural representation of phonetic category structure

Speech sound categories have a graded internal structure that reflects typicality of the speech input. Neuroimaging findings reveal dissociable regions for resolving category membership and processing phonetic category structure; frontal regions show increased activation for ambiguous compared to unambiguous exemplars, and temporoparietal regions show increased activation for poor compared to prototypical exemplars, even when category membership is unambiguous. Individuals with developmental language disorder (DLD) show behavioral deficits in some categorization tasks, which may reflect difficulty in organizing auditory information into structured categories. An fMRI paradigm is used to examine whether the neural representation of phonetic category structure reflects receptive language ability. Participants were assigned to either the DLD or control group based on performance for standardized assessments of receptive and expressive language. To assess neural representation of phonetic category structure, participants completed a phonetic categorization task for tokens of bowl and pole using an event-related, sparse-sampling design; voice-onset-times (VOTs) of the pole tokens were manipulated to have values representing an ambiguous exemplar, a prototypical exemplar, and an extreme (i.e., long VOT) exemplar. The analyses will examine whether individuals with DLD show attenuated neural representation of phonetic category structure, and, if so, whether attenuation reflects individual differences in receptive language ability.
Exploring Human Resource Development and its Impact on Adult Learning Environments in the U.S. and UK

This paper considers the current provision of adult continuing education and lifelong learning in the United States and the United Kingdom. Twentieth century has witnessed the miracles of Human Resource Development (HRD) activities reflected through increase in GNP and overall productive activities. As such, an analysis of adult learning and education will be analyzed in conjunction with the human resource development issues, trends and policies so as to provide a highly in?uential approach to understanding the role of adult learning in wider economic, social, and political development, drawing on key reports and other recent literature. It concludes that there is a future for adult continuing education and lifelong learning in the United States and the United Kingdom, but more so one based on the current needs of the economy. The full text of the article can be found at 10.18275/fire201401031022
Review of Modeling Techiniques for Marine Debris Flows

As a result of the recent severe storm events in the Gulf of Mexico and along the East Coast there is increasing concern over the volume of man-made debris that has been observed entering the coastal marine ecosystems. Understanding the movement and accumulation patterns of debris within a flow is important for gaining knowledge on how the presence of debris affects the performance of marine facilities. Runoff from storm water discharge introduces a considerable amount of debris into waterways that either float on the surface or travel within the water column. This discharge impacts coastal areas and contributes to the accumulation of trash in the oceans. This research study reports on some of the published field data on flow density of natural and anthropogenic debris that has been reported in the open literature. This includes data reported on the amounts, types, and distributions of marine debris. Several predictive models that have been created to simulate the transport and accumulation of marine debris are discussed. These models were developed to address local knowledge of ocean and river currents and wind patterns. Studies on the influence of debris accumulation at riverine and coastal structures such as bridge piers and hydroelectric dams are also noted. The accumulation of debris at these structures is particularly important due to the risk of blockage, scour, or structural failure. In one of these studies a probabilistic model that investigates the interaction of marine life with hydrokinetic devices is discussed that is based on a limited amount of field data. Of particular concern was the presence of a rotating device and the additional risk of the quantification of various aspects including injury to aquatic life and damage to the structure. This study identifies the need to better understand the distribution and behavior of hard and soft debris and its distribution within a flow in order to more accurately predict its interaction and accumulation patterns about a wide range of constructed facilities.
Modern developments in wind engineering: part 3

Abstract This is the third in a series of review papers devoted to the state-of-the-art in wind engineering. Previous papers were published in the October 1981 issue of Engineering Structures, pp 233–240 and 241–248
Immunoglobulins G from patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis are atypically glycosylated in both the Fc and Fab regions and the relation to disease activity.

Background Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCA) directed against myeloperoxidase (MPO) and proteinase 3 (PR3) are pathogenic in ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). The respective role of IgG Fc and Fab glycosylation in mediating ANCA pathogenicity is incompletely understood. Herein we investigate in detail the changes in Fc and Fab glycosylation in MPO-ANCA and Pr3-ANCA and examine the association of glycosylation aberrancies with disease activity. Methodology Total IgG was isolated from serum or plasma of a cohort of 30 patients with AAV (14 MPO-ANCA; 16 PR3-ANCA), and 19 healthy control subjects. Anti-MPO specific IgG was affinity-purified from plasma of an additional cohort of 18 MPO-ANCA patients undergoing plasmapheresis. We used lectin binding assays, liquid chromatography, and mass spectrometry-based methods to analyze Fc and Fab glycosylation, the degree of sialylation of Fc and Fab fragments and to determine the exact localization of N-glycans on Fc and Fab fragments. Principal findings IgG1 Fc glycosylation of total IgG was significantly reduced in patients with active AAV compared to controls. Clinical remission was associated with complete glycan normalization for PR3-ANCA patients but not for MPO-ANCA patients. Fc-glycosylation of anti-MPO specific IgG was similar to total IgG purified from plasma. A major fraction of anti-MPO specific IgG harbor extensive glycosylation within the variable domain on the Fab portion. Conclusions/Significance Significant differences exist between MPO and PR3-ANCA regarding the changes in amounts and types of glycans on Fc fragment and the association with disease activity. These differences may contribute to significant clinical difference in the disease course observed between the two diseases.
Impact of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy on Peak Serum Troponin T Levels in Patients With Acute Myocardial Infarction.

Previous studies have reported that peak serum troponin I levels were disproportionately elevated in patients with acute anterior ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy (LVH) compared with those with normal LV mass. The purpose of this retrospective study was to assess the relation of peak serum troponin T levels in patients with normal LV mass and in subjects with mild, moderate, and severe LVH in patients with acute STEMI or non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) when stratified on variables that might be expected to affect serum troponin T levels. The study population consisted of 262 patients; 91 with STEMI and 161 with NSTEMI. Serum troponin levels and 2-dimensional echocardiograms were obtained within the first 24 hours of hospitalization for STEMI or NSTEMI. There was no significant difference in serum troponin T levels in LV mass and/or LVH groups (p = 0.3210). There was no significant difference in serum troponin T levels in LV mass and/or LVH groups when these data were stratified on third variables including serum creatinine >1.2 mg/dl (p = 0.3681), LV ejection fraction
Extraordinary manipulations of particles by acoustic radiation forces and torques

Particle manipulations using radiation forces and torques produced by acoustic waves have been found valuable applications in biomedical and material engineering. Recent work suggests extraordinary manipulations of particles associated with direction reversals of forces and torques by some specific sound beams. When considering the three-dimensional acoustic radiation force, the momentum view enlightens into the superposition and coupling of manipulations by multiple beams and the force dependence on scattering functions [L. Zhang, JASA 144 (1), 443–447 (2018)]. It is efficient to apply the superposition to consider forces and torques on particles moved away from the equilibrium trapping position [L. Zhang, JASA 143(5), 2796–2800 (2018)]. The superposition reveals how the radiation torque associated with energy absorption can spin an object around its center of mass in a direction reversed with respect to the wave vortex’s handedness [L. Zhang, Phys. Rev. Appl. 10(3), 034039 (2018)]. These insights into extraordinary manipulations are of interest for advancing the flexibility of particle manipulations by acoustic tweezers and to the field of acoustofluidics.
Role of Radiotherapy in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma

The role of radiotherapy in the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has evolved over the past few decades with the advancement of technology and improved imaging. Radiotherapy can offer high local control rates in unresectable HCC, including cases with major vascular involvement, and can provide a modality to help bridge patients to potentially curative resection or transplantation. In metastatic cases, radiotherapy can provide good palliation. This review focuses on the common radiotherapy treatment modalities used for HCC, provides outcome comparisons of these radiotherapy techniques to outcomes with other treatment modalities for HCC, and highlights the discrepancy of the role of radiotherapy in HCC amongst the current available treatment guidelines.
Lognormal and Gamma Mixed Negative Binomial Regression

In regression analysis of counts, a lack of simple and efficient algorithms for posterior computation has made Bayesian approaches appear unattractive and thus underdeveloped. We propose a lognormal and gamma mixed negative binomial (NB) regression model for counts, and present efficient closed-form Bayesian inference; unlike conventional Poisson models, the proposed approach has two free parameters to include two different kinds of random effects, and allows the incorporation of prior information, such as sparsity in the regression coefficients. By placing a gamma distribution prior on the NB dispersion parameter r, and connecting a lognormal distribution prior with the logit of the NB probability parameter p, efficient Gibbs sampling and variational Bayes inference are both developed. The closed-form updates are obtained by exploiting conditional conjugacy via both a compound Poisson representation and a Polya-Gamma distribution based data augmentation approach. The proposed Bayesian inference can be implemented routinely, while being easily generalizable to more complex settings involving multivariate dependence structures. The algorithms are illustrated using real examples.
Optimal schedule for the administration of oral poliovirus vaccine

The optimal schedule for the administration of oral poliovirus vaccine (OPV) can be based on a simple paradigm in which the period of maximum risk from natural infection is balanced by the influence of factors which may affect the immune response to vaccination. Surveillance of paralytic poliomyelitis and seroprevalence data indicate that the maximum risk of wild poliovirus infection in most developing countries occurs between 6 and 24 months of age, suggesting that the primary vaccination series for OPV should be completed as early in life as possible. Although scientific evidence and programmatic considerations provide strong support for the currently recommended schedule of OPV at birth, 6, 10, and 14 weeks of age, as many as 30–40% of recipients may still remain susceptible to poliovirus types 1 and 3 after the fourth dose. Because age-specific gaps in immunity have often been associated with epidemic disease, additional strategies to increase population levels of immunity should be considered as progress continues towards the goal of global eradication of poliomyelitis by the year 2000. Administration of OPV in mass vaccination campaigns has been shown to be highly successful in the virtual elimination of wild poliovirus infections in the Americas, and has been adopted as the strategy of choice for the global initiative. Further studies of other supplemental approaches that may hasten eradication should also be pursued, such as expansion of the routine schedule for OPV to five or more doses, and the combined use of both oral and inactivated poliovirus vaccines.
Immobilization and exchange of perrhenate in sodalite and cancrinite

Abstract Highly alkaline nuclear tank wastes containing key anionic contaminants have leaked into the subsurface at the U.S. Department of Energy's Hanford Site. Laboratory studies showed that when simulated caustic tank wastes contact subsurface sediments, mineral dissolution and precipitation result in feldspathoid formation. Feldspathoids are environmentally important for waste management and disposal purposes because of their purported potential to sequester contaminants of interest (e.g., 99 TcO 4 − , 137 Cs + , 90 Sr 2+ ) into their structure. We investigated the incorporation of perrhenate (ReO 4 − ), a surrogate for TcO 4 − , in the presence of competing anions (X) including OH − , NO 2 − , NO 3 − and Cl − on feldspathoid formation and under conditions mimicking tank waste solution compositions. The resulting solids were characterized by their chemical composition, structure and morphology. Regardless of solution pH, sodalite formed in the presence of Cl − and NO 2 − whereas NO 3 − promoted either cancrinite formation in 16-mol OH − /kg (16 m ) or mixed sodalite/cancrinite phases in 1-mol OH − /kg (1 m ) solutions. In the presence of Cl − , NO 2 − , and NO 3 − less than 0.02 mol fraction of ReO 4 − was incorporated into the feldspathoid phase(s). Although, the NO 2 -sodalite and mixed NO 3 -cancrinite/sodalite phases incorporated significantly more ReO 4 − than NO 3 -cancrinite or Cl-sodalite phases, the total ReO 4 − fraction was ∼1% or less of the total sites. The ReO 4 − immobilized in ReO 4 -sodalite, NO 2 -sodalite, mixed NO 3 -cancrinite/sodalite and NO 3 -cancrinite was resistant to ion exchange with either NO 2 − or NO 3 − . The results imply that ReO 4 − , and thus by analogy 99 TcO 4 − , does not compete well with smaller ions for incorporation into feldspathoids, but, once sequestered, is difficult to exchange.
The Partisan Politics of New Social Risks in Advanced Postindustrial Democracies: Social Protection for Labor Market Outsiders

Advanced postindustrialization generates numerous challenges for the European social model. Central among these challenges is declining income, unstable employment, and inadequate training of semi- and unskilled workers. In this chapter, I assess the partisan basis of support for social policies that address the needs of these marginalized workers. I specifically consider the impacts of postindustrial cleavages among core constituencies of social democratic parties on the capacity of these parties to pursue inclusive social policies. I argue – and find support for in empirical analyses – that encompassing labor organization is the most important factor in strengthening the ability of left parties to build successful coalitions in support of outsider-friendly policies. I go beyond existing work on the topic by considering the full array of postindustrial cleavages facing left parties, by more fully elaborating why encompassing labor organization is crucial, and by considering a more complete set of measures of outsider policies than extant work. I compare my arguments and findings to important new work that stresses coalition building and partisan politics but minimizes the role of class organization.
PERSON-CENTERED CARE: DEFINITIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF VARIOUS STAKEHOLDERS

Implementation of culture change in nursing homes shifts the care model from a traditional, more medically focused approach to person-directed care. Person-directed care promotes resident autonomy and decision making and the empowerment of direct care staff. In this paper, we examine how different stakeholders in nursing homes (residents, family members, direct care staff, administrative staff) conceptualize and experience a selection of person-centered care concepts (consistent assignment, meal choice, waking/bedtime practices, and bathing). We describe the commonalities and differences in the ways different groups of stakeholders operationalize these core person centered care practices and describe areas of potential conflict of views. Lastly, we consider how the well-being and quality of life for residents is affected by the use of these practices.
Drug Susceptibility of Individual Mycobacterial Cells

Mycobacterium tuberculosis causes the world’s deadliest infectious disease. Part of the pathogen’s success is its ability to diversify itself phenotypically and survive antibiotic therapy even in the absence of genetic resistance. Here, we will highlight the physiological aspects of the pathogen that promote tolerance and describe the mechanisms by which some of these vary in a genetically identical population. A better, molecular, understanding of this phenomenon may provide the key to improved TB therapy.
The Professional Values of Program Directors and Head Athletic Trainers: The Impact of the Hidden Curriculum

Context: Athletic training education programs (ATEPs) promote the development of foundational behaviors of professional practice. Situated in the context of professional values, ATEPs are challenged to identify outcome measures for these behaviors. These values are tacitly reflected as part of the hidden curriculum. Objective: To ascertain the importance of professional values as perceived by program directors and head athletic trainers at professional ATEPs located in the Great Lakes Athletic Trainers' Association (GLATA) district. Design: Cross-sectional survey design. Setting: 77 ATEPs in GLATA and accredited by the Commission on Accreditation of Athletic Training Education (CAATE). Participants: We surveyed a convenience sample of program directors and head athletic trainers from CAATE-accredited ATEPs in GLATA. We partitioned the 146 participants by their professional role: program director (PDs), head athletic trainer (HATs), and program director/head athletic trainer (PD/HATs). Main Outcome Measure...
Construction of SET and MYND domainrcontaining protein 3 fluorescent plasmid and relationship of SMYD3 and biological behaviors of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells

Objective To construct SET and MYND domainrcontaining protein 3 (SMYD3) fluorescent plasmid and observe the relationship of SMYD3 and biological behaviors of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells to provide evidence of epigenetic regulation in hilar cholangiocarcinoma.Methods SMYD3 gene was amplified by using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) from human tissue and connected in the plasmid of pEGFP-C3.The hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells were transfected with the plasmid and the expression level of SMYD3 was verified by Western blotting.The growth curve of FRH0201 was examined by cell counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) method and the migratory ability of FRH0201 cells by Transwell.Results The sequencing results showed SMYD3 sequence was successfully connected in the plasmid of pEGFP-C3.Western blotting results showed the expression of SMYD3 was upregulated by (73.23 ± 5.60) ％ in the plasmid transfected group as compared with the empty group and empty plasmid transfected group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).CCK-8 and Transwell showed the growth of cells and the migratory ability were significantly increased in the SMYD3 transfected group as compared with the empty group and empty plasmid transfected group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).Conclusion Over-expression of SMYD3 could increase the proliferation and migratory ability of hilar cholangiocarcinoma cells,which may be one of the important factors in the pathogenesis of hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Key words: Histone methyltransferase; Cholangiocarcinoma; Proliferation
Abstract 71: Sex and Genetic Predisposition Synergistically Influence Risk of Stroke and Myocardial Infarction in Middle-Aged Persons Without Risk Factors

Background and Hypothesis: Driven by aging-related physiological changes, the incidence of stroke and myocardial infarction rises rapidly in persons aged >40 years. A significant proportion of thes...
STIG JOHANSSON and KNUT HOFLAND. Frequency Analysis of English Vocabulary and Grammar Based on the LOB Corpus. Volume 2: Tag Combinations and Word Combinations.

(1992). STIG JOHANSSON and KNUT HOFLAND. Frequency Analysis of English Vocabulary and Grammar Based on the LOB Corpus. Volume 2: Tag Combinations and Word Combinations.. WORD: Vol. 43, No. 1, pp. 154-158.
JA:2021-35. Knowledge of Heat-Related Illness First Aid in Migrant Farmworkers: A Pilot Study

Purpose: The last 5 years have been the hottest years on record during the modern era. Due to increasing temperatures, outdoor workers are exposed to hotter working conditions and are at increasing...
Identification of mass transfer resistances in microporous materials using frequency response methods

The frequency response (FR) method, a pseudo-steady state relaxation technique employing perturbation frequency, plays an essential role in discriminating between multi-kinetic mechanisms in microporous materials for separation and catalytic processes. Experimental and theoretical principles are reviewed for three frequency response methods, including one commonly used batch system with volume perturbation and two recently developed flow-through systems with pressure or concentration oscillation. Even though these methods have different overall transfer functions, they can be linked closely through the adsorbed-phase functions, which account for individual or coupling of mass transfer resistances and heat effects. Mass transfer resistances include micropore diffusion, macropore diffusion, surface barriers, and external film resistance. By judicious application of FR methods, it is not only possible to identify dominating mass transfer resistances but also to extract reliable mass transfer coefficients based on corresponding mathematical models. Representative examples to display the ability of the FR methods in studies of zeolites, carbon molecular sieves, and other microporous materials are discussed. Mixture studies and future developments, including nonlinear frequency response and chemical reactions, have also been briefly described.
Temperatures of drug storage areas in large animal veterinary practice vehicles in the summer

Large animal veterinarians carry drugs in storage areas in practice vehicles which are not typically refrigerated. The most common upper limits of storage temperatures for U.S. approved non-refrigerated drugs are 77°F or 86°F. Because ambient temperatures in many locations in the U.S. exceed these temperatures in summer, our objective was to measure storage area temperatures in two distinct geographic locations to evaluate the extent to which manufacturers’ recommended storage temperatures are exceeded.
Oversight May Reduce Military Health System Leakage: Preventing Inappropriate Interhospital Transfers

INTRODUCTION The Military Health System (MHS) offers an example of a socialized healthcare model, operating within a larger "purchased care" civilian healthcare market. This arrangement has facilitated a trend wherein MHS clinicians often transfer moderate-to-complex patients to surrounding civilian hospitals, despite having the capability to care for such patients in-house. In an effort to stem this behavior, two initiatives were introduced at Carl R Darnall Army Medical Center (CRDAMC): A Transfer Policy Statement and Transfer Rounds. The Transfer Policy Statement emphasized that patients ought to be transferred only for capability gaps within the hospital. Transfer Rounds were then used to review the care received by each transferred patient and assess if that care could have been delivered internally. The purpose of this study is to assess the effect of these initiatives on reducing transfers from our hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective chart review from July 2019 through June 2020 to identify the number of total emergency department (ED) transfers, subcategorized as either transfers we had the capability to care for or transfers we did not have the capability to care for. The Transfer Policy Statement was published in August 2019, and Transfer Rounds were instituted in November 2019. We hypothesized that the two interventions would decrease the number of monthly inappropriate transfers. This was assessed by analyzing the proportion of inappropriate to appropriate patient transfers via Cochran and Armitage using SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute, Cary, NC). The projected received an Exemption Determination from the CRDAMC's Human Research Protections Office. The Defense Health Agency approved the data-sharing agreement. RESULTS Over the study period, a total of 706 transfers met the criteria for analysis. The monthly median for total ED transfers was 64.5 (Interquartile Range (IQR) 45-74); appropriate transfers averaged 29.5 (median, IQR 24.5-36) and inappropriate 25.5 (median, IQR 9-41.5). A statistically significant downward trend in the fraction of inappropriate transfers was demonstrated by Cochran and Armitage (P < .0001). CONCLUSION Our analysis supports the hypothesis that implementing a Transfer Policy and Transfer Rounds can significantly reduce the amount of MHS Leakage-that is the number of transferred patients that the MHS could have equally cared for. The effects of reduced patient transfers have many implications for the MHS: patients experience improved continuity of care by remaining in the same hospital system; clinicians maintain and extend their scope of practice by treating more complex patients; and patient flow and ED wait times are reduced by eliminating the transfer process. The financial implications of reduced MHS Leakage were not directly evaluated by our study, however may be assessed in future study.
CORRELATES OF DRINKING-DRIVING IN MEN AT RISK FOR IMPAIRED DRIVING CRASHES

The objective of this research was to examine attitudes and behavior related to drinking-driving among men whose sociodemographic profile places them at increased risk for fatal alcohol-related motor vehicle collisions. The sample contained 750 young men, including 230 binge drinking drivers (BDD). Results indicate that BDD drank more often, consumed more per drinking episode, and were more likely to believe they could drive safely after binge drinking. BDD were less likely to make plans to avoid drinking-driving and were more likely to have been in an alcohol-related accident. It was concluded that BDD report deviant drinking and drinking-driving behavior and possess casual attitudes toward drinking-driving.
A randomized trial of two beta-mimetic drugs for the treatment of threatening early labor

Abstract Ritodrine (Prepar, Utopar) and fenoterol (Berotec, Partusisten) were tested in a randomized way, and judged in their capacity to lengthen the duration of pregnancy after symptoms of threatening immature — or premature — delivery. Apart from on age, the two groups, each including 48 patients, were comparable on relevant factors as parity, obstetric history, amenorrhea at the start of treatment and tocolytic index. No statistically significant difference was found according to the gain in days, either in absolute number or in relation to the lengthening of pregnancy that could possibly be reached. The outcome of pregnancy, tested by several parameters, was the same for both groups. As to the side-effects, the expected increase in heart frequency during treatment proved to be more pronounced in the ritodrine-treated patients, judged at the maximum dose levels used. However, the evaluation of side-effects has been made between two groups treated with the minimum dose necessary to achieve complete tocolysis, and not in a longitudinal study comparing equivalent doses in each woman.
A He I Case-B Recombination Code

Recent calculations of collisionless, Case-B, He I emissivities were performed by Bauman et al. (2005). The source code used in the calculation has been freely available online since that paper was published. A number of changes have been made to simplify the use of the code by third parties. Here I provide details on how to obtain, compile, and execute the program and interpret the results.