cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of Oral and Axillary Temperatures in Intubated Pediatric Patients.

Abstract Purpose Accurate body temperature measurement is essential in providing timely care to critically ill patients. Current practice within the Pediatric ICU (PICU) at a Midwestern academic medical center is to obtain axillary temperatures in endotracheally intubated patients. According to research, axillary temperatures have greater variance than other forms of temperature measurement. Research in adult patients show that oral temperature measurement in endotracheally intubated patients is acceptable as the heated gases from the ventilator has no significant effect on measured temperatures. This study sought to determine if the same is true in pediatrics. Design and Methods Oral and axillary temperatures of endotracheally intubated pediatric patients were obtained during unit prescribed vital assessment intervals. Patients were divided into neonate, infant, and children age groups with 25 sets of temperatures obtained for each group. Descriptive statistics and Bland-Altman plot interpretation were performed to determine confidence intervals for each age group. Results Bland-Altman plot analysis of oral and axillary routes of temperature measurement showed a high positive correlation within all age groups studied. The infant age group showed lower correlation in comparison to neonates and children. The infant age group also had an outlier of data sets with lower oral temperatures as compared to the axilla. Conclusions Oral temperature measurement is a viable alternative to axillary temperature measurement in endotracheally intubated pediatric patients. Correction factors for age groups were calculated for prediction of axillary temperature based on measured oral temperature. Practical implications This study serves as evidence for practice change within the studied unit.
Surviving and Thriving During Stress: A Randomized Clinical Trial Comparing a Brief Web-Based Therapist-Assisted Acceptance-Based Behavioral Intervention Versus Waitlist Control for College Students

The high rates of anxiety in college students and the many barriers to accessing evidence-based care in communities and on campuses indicate a clear need to explore ways to increase access to evidence-based treatments. Web-based interventions and preventions are one way to bridge this gap; they hold the potential to decrease mental health disparities and enhance student functioning. The current RCT examined the acceptability and efficacy of a 3-session web-based therapist-assisted acceptance-based behavioral intervention targeting anxiety (Surviving and Thriving During Stress) for college students versus a waitlist (WL) control condition, in a sample of racially and ethnically diverse college students. Overall, participants rated the program as helpful and acceptable. Mixed-effects regression models (MRMs) were run in SPSS to examine the effects of time, condition, and Condition × Time on outcomes and hypothesized mechanisms. Significant Condition × Time interactions for general anxiety, depression, and quality of life (QOL) emerged, suggesting that SATDS participants reported significantly greater changes on these outcomes from pre- to posttreatment versus WL. However, interaction effects were nonsignificant for anxious arousal and social anxiety. MRMs examining hypothesized mechanisms revealed significant Condition × Time interactions for experiential avoidance, decentering, and values-based living. However, interaction effects were nonsignificant for mindfulness. All significant gains were maintained at 1-month follow-up, with the exception of QOL. Results contribute to the growing literature on the acceptability and efficacy of web-based approaches, and suggest these approaches can be effective for diverse college students, and may provide a unique platform to increase access to evidence-based care.
The Classroom Démueblé: Willa Cather and Maria Montessori

As an editor at McClure’s Magazine, Willa Cather oversaw the publication of the article that first introduced Maria Montessori to many US readers. Her encounter with Montessori’s ideas coincided with, and appears to have contributed to, her shift from the early prose style of Alexander’s Bridge to the mature style that begins with O Pioneers! This latter style shares Montessori’s emphasis on creating a structured, unfurnished space through which subconscious forces can be channeled. However, while Montessori sees these forces as wholly good, Cather sees them as both necessary and dangerous, and this difference leads Cather to politically reorient the Montessori framework from self-conscious progressivism to an ambivalent anti-progressivism. This chapter includes a sustained reading of Montessori’s aesthetic theory.
Fragmentation of Heavy Ions (5000 to 7000 Daltons) Generated by PD and FAB

The phenomenon of desorbing secondary ions from insulating organic materials in the condensed phase following energy deposition by primary particles in a broad kinetic energy range (1 keV–100MeV) has attracted considerable attention in recent years. The interest stems largely from the fact that the phenomenon is successfully exploited in a number of new techniques capable of generating gas-phase ions from involatile thermally labile biomolecules with weights up to 20 kD [1,2]. The most widely used techniques include fast atom bombardment (FAB) and plasma desorption (PD). These two techniques differ markedly in several points: energy of the impinging particles and primary beam flux mechanism of energy deposition sample preparation and exposure method of mass analysis and different time frame of ion detection
WebVAT: web page visualization and analysis tool

WebVAT is an open-source platform-independent visualization tool designed to facilitate Web page analysis. The tool, built on top of the Mozilla Web browser, exposes Mozilla's internal representation of Web pages, Frame Tree, reflecting HTML rendering information. Compared to HTML DOM analyzers, WebVAT provides access to a cleaner, fuller, and more accurate data structure, which contains layout information, reflecting changes made by CSS and some types of dynamic content. WebVAT provides a framework for experiments and evaluations of algorithms over the Frame Tree. WebVAT also captures user interaction with the browser and can be used for data collection. WebVAT is a working tool actively used in the HearSay [10] project. This paper describes the architecture, design, and some of the applications of WebVAT.
Supporting the scaling of innovations: guiding teacher adaptation of materials by making implicit structures explicit

There is a tension between curriculum developers' need to maintain the integrity of innovations and teachers' need for local adaptation. On one hand, reformers need to make sure that teachers' practices in classrooms are compatible with the essential ideas in curriculum materials in order to evaluate the influence of reform. On the other hand, teachers frequently adapt curriculum materials according to local needs not anticipated by curriculum designers. Without understanding the intentions behind the curriculum materials, there is a danger that the essence of the reform can be lost in the adaptation. Therefore, teachers need access to the implicit design rationale of curriculum materials to help make wise adaptation decisions (Spillane, Reiser, & Reimer, 2002). It is insufficient to merely provide an overview of the reform ideas behind curricula. Teachers need to see the detailed relationships between reform ideas and each curriculum component. Our hope is that by showing teachers the way that individual curricular components relate to standards, we will help teachers make enactment choices that preserve the essence of the innovation.
Paul revere protocols (transcript of discussion)

All right, saving the worst for last. I guess, keeping with the theme, this is not (well in a sense it is) about bringing protocols to life: in this case it's more bringing history to life. I'm going to be describing an actual protocol that was quite significant in history. Some people may know about it. This is a poem that describes the events. This is something that American schoolchildren for many generations, or decades, were forced to memorize after it came out. I was actually, I think, after that period: I don't remember ever having to memorize this (and my school did keep things around for a long time: we were still having air-raid drills when I was a senior in high school in 1976). But in any case I didn't have to memorize this.
Magnetotactic Protists at the Oxic–Anoxic Transition Zones of Coastal Aquatic Environments

Magnetotactic protists of different types have been sporadically observed in a number of aquatic habitats, mainly at the oxic–anoxic transition zone of chemically stratified coastal environments and the anoxic zone. Cells of those examined contained magnetite (Fe3O4) crystals whose size and shape are close to those of magnetotactic bacteria. While some appear to biomineralize their magnetic crystals, others clearly ingest magnetotactic bacteria, with some egesting indigestible remains of these prokaryotes. Magnetotactic protists show a great potential for iron cycling in chemically stratified environments. Many questions remain to be answered regarding these interesting microorganisms.
Investigating the Solution Space of an Open-Ended Educational Game Using Conceptual Feature Extraction

The rich interaction space of many educational games presents a challenge for designers and researchers who strive to help players achieve specific learning outcomes. Giving players a large amount of freedom over how they perform a complex game task makes it difficult to anticipate what they will do. In order to address this issue designers must ask: what are students doing in my game? And does it embody what I intended them to learn? To answer these questions, designers need methods to expose the details of student play. We describe our approach for automatic extraction of conceptual features from logs of student play sessions within an open educational game utilizing a two-dimensional context-free grammar. We demonstrate how these features can be used to cluster student solutions in the educational game RumbleBlocks. Using these clusters, we explore the range of solutions and measure how many students use the designers’ envisioned solution. Equipped with this information, designers and researchers can focus redesign efforts to areas in the game where discrepancies exist between the designers’ intentions and player experiences.
Wideband Digital Technology for Radio Astronomy

AATRASC2018SummaryWeintroubv6. Otherwise a complex and expensive mixer-filter system is needed, to break the IF bandwidth into smaller blocks for digital sampling and signal processing. Analog-to-digital converters (ADC) capable of sample rates five gigasamples-per-second and faster are now available and DSP technology has been following Moore's law to provide matching processing power. In current wideband instruments, usable bandwidth blocks ∼2 GHz can be processed digitally, and we envisage a near term future where blocks ∼10 GHz might be handled by a single compact module. This paper reviews ultra-wideband ADC and DSP technology, and describes examples of wideband processing in radio astronomy correlators and phased arrays.
Black-White Differences in Incident Fatal, Nonfatal, and Total Coronary Heart Disease.

Background:Blacks have higher coronary heart disease (CHD) mortality compared with whites. However, a previous study suggests that nonfatal CHD risk may be lower for black versus white men. Methods...
Winning and Losing in Large-Scale Software Development: A Multi-Decade Perspective

What have we learned more than 50 years into the life history of software development? This article highlights some lessons about what has worked and what hasn’t. It provides a short history of large-scale software development and covers topics ranging from software seen as intellectual property to software maintenance and evolution.
Genetic identification and characterization of Lynch syndrome in a multi-ethnic biobank.

1520Background: Lynch syndrome (LS), caused by germline pathogenic variants in mismatch repair (MMR) genes, results in increased risk of colorectal, endometrial, and other cancers. LS has a prevale...
WAVE PROPAGATION IN RANDOM ANISOTROPIC MEDIA

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses wave propagation in random anisotropic media. It describes some important properties of the electromagnetic field excited by a current element embedded in a random anisotropic medium. The permittivity tensor for the medium consists of two parts, one deterministic and the other random. Both the deterministic and random permittivity tensors are considered to be uniaxial, that is diagonal where two of the three elements are equal. The chapter presents the calculation of an effective permittivity tensor which provides a deterministic description of the medium. Using this medium description, the mean dyadic Green's function can be determined. Mathematical techniques are used to examine the influence of random fluctuations. Two important properties of the mean ordinary and mean extraordinary waves are: (1) the introduction of an effective conductive term which differs from that because of absorption and is caused by the scattering of the wave as it propagates, and (2) the increase in the real part of the dielectric constant, again caused by the random inhomogeneities, which causes the waves to travel at speeds slower than when the randomness was zero.
Pride and Pratfalls:Recounting Embarrassing Stories Increases Creativity

We explored how impression management influences creative idea generation in the design thinking process. Specifically, we examined the effect of recalling and recounting embarrassing versus pridef...
Immunotherapy in Esophageal Cancer

Targeting of the immune checkpoints cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen-4 (CTLA-4) and programmed death (PD)-1/PD-ligand 1 (PD-L1) with monoclonal antibodies has been shown to improve outcomes in a number of solid tumors, leading to their routine use in clinical practice. Early phase evaluation of immune checkpoint inhibitors demonstrated encouraging results in esophageal cancer, and studies in the chemorefractory setting have confirmed the activity of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer. Immunotherapeutic strategies continue to be evaluated rapidly in esophageal cancer, in both the locally advanced and metastatic settings. This chapter will focus on the accumulating data regarding the use of immunotherapy in esophageal cancer.
Syrian Entrepreneurs in Turkey: Emerging Economic Actors and Agents of Social Cohesion

Today, the majority of refugees live in urban areas with exposure to social dynamics and economic fluctuations. In regard, Syrians in Turkey are not an exception. There are currently over 3.6 million Syrians in Turkey, and nine out of ten live outside of the 13 government-run camps located in 8 provinces, down from 21 camps just over a year ago. The engagement in urban lifestyle means making ends meet depends on the available jobs in the private sector. Nevertheless, not every forcibly displaced person is preferring wage employment as some seek to create their own businesses. While inability to find a job motivates some refugees to become entrepreneurs, another main reason behind doing so is the already existing experience as being an entrepreneur. Examples from a number of countries show that being a migrant destination country positively contributes to the country’s national and local economy. Turkey, in this regard, is not an exception. This is not only because the country is hosting Syrians but also due to the companies established by Syrian entrepreneurs who are emerging as economic actors and as agents for social cohesion.
High-throughput approaches to profile RNA-protein interactions

RNA-protein interactions play a critical role in post-transcriptional gene regulation. Characterizing these interactions in their native context has been challenging; however, advances in RNA sequencing and mass spectrometrybased proteomics combined with innovative chemical biological tools have heralded the development of robust strategies for performing biochemistry on a cellular scale. Herein, we review recent advances in the development and application of proteomic and transcriptomic approaches to profile cellular RNA-protein interactions, focusing on sequencing-based strategies and proteomic analysis of RNA-binding proteins, as well as approaches to address the role of RNA modifications in protein-RNA binding events.
The separation in coordination between social- and self-regulation for emerging adults with type 1 diabetes.

To examine how self-regulation and social-regulation surrounding type 1 diabetes (T1D) management are coordinated during early emerging adulthood and whether classes of coordination relate to HbA1c and executive functioning (EF). Emerging adult participants (N = 212) with T1D (M age = 18.8 years, SD = .40) completed a 14-day diary to capture components of self-regulation and social-regulation. A mixture multi-level latent coordination model first determined the separate but coordinated factor structure of self- and social-regulation, then determined the number of distinct classes of coordination and how those classes linked to HbA1c and EF. The best-fitting model included three coordinative factors (self, mother, and father) of regulation and two distinct classes. The class with lower HbA1c and higher EF had more stable self- and social-regulation, more connections between self- and social-regulation and reflected more adaptive patterns, consistent with medical management goals. Social connection with parents may aid in regulation during this at-risk transitional time of emerging adulthood.
Boring in a New Way: Estimation and Inference for Political Style at Westminster, 1935–2018

We consider the merits of claims that Members of Parliament (MPs) in the UK have become more ‘boring’ over time—that is, less distinctive from one another in terms of their speech and style. We review theory and previous findings in the area, and note their ambiguity in predictions on this matter. We then provide an efficient new measurement model of distinctiveness that extends traditional efforts to statistically characterize the ‘style’ of authors, and apply it to a corpus of Hansard speeches from 1935 to 2018. In the aggregate, we find no evidence for the claim of increased boringness. But this hides intriguing covariate effects: at the MP level, panel regression results demonstrate that on average, more senior backbenchers tend to be less interesting in speech terms. We also show, however, that this pattern is changing: in recent times, it is more experienced MPs who speak most distinctively.
Identification of a nanomolar affinity α-synuclein fibril imaging probe by ultra-high throughput in silico screening

Small molecules that bind with high affinity and specificity to fibrils of the α-synuclein (αS) protein have the potential to serve as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging probes to aid in the diagnosis of Parkinson's disease and related synucleinopathies. To identify such molecules, we employed an ultra-high throughput in silico screening strategy using idealized pseudo-ligands termed exemplars to identify compounds for experimental binding studies. For the top hit from this screen, we used photo-crosslinking to confirm its binding site and studied the structure-activity relationship of its analogs to develop multiple molecules with nanomolar affinity for αS fibrils and moderate specificity for αS over Aβ fibrils. Lastly, we demonstrated the potential of the lead analog as an imaging probe by measuring binding to αS-enriched homogenates from mouse brain tissue using a radiolabeled analog of the identified molecule. This study demonstrates the validity of our powerful new approach to the discovery of PET probes for challenging molecular targets.
Improving conceptual understanding of gas behavior through the use of screencasts and simulations

Engagement with particle-level simulations can help students visualize the motion and interactions of gas particles, thus helping them develop a more scientifically accurate mental model. Such engagement outside of class prior to formal instruction can help meet the needs of students from diverse backgrounds and provide instructors with a common experience upon which to build with further instruction. Yet, even with well-designed scaffolds, students may not attend to the most salient aspects of the simulation. In this case, a screencast where an instructor provides narrated use of the simulation and points students towards the important observations may provide additional benefits. This study, which is part of the larger ChemSims project, investigates the use of simulations and screencasts to support students’ developing understanding of gas properties by examining student learning gains. This study indicates that both students manipulating the simulation on their own and those observing a screencast exhibited significant learning gains from pre- to post-assessment. However, students who observed the screencast were more than twice as likely to transition from a macroscopic explanation to a particle-level explanation of gas behavior in answering matched pre- and post-test questions. Eye-tracking studies indicated very similar viewing and usage patterns for both groups of students overall, including when using the simulation to answer follow-up questions. Significant learning gains by both groups across all learning objectives indicate that either scaffolded screencast or simulation assignments can be used to support student understanding of gas particle behavior and serve as a first experience upon which to build subsequent instruction. There is some indication that the initial use of the screencast may better help students build correct mental models of gas particle behavior. Further, for this simulation, watching the instructor manipulate the simulation in the screencast allowed students to subsequently use the simulation on their own at a level comparable to those students who had manipulated the simulation on their own throughout the assignment, suggesting that the screencast students were not disadvantaged by not initially manipulating the simulation on their own.
Using social network analysis to explore and expand our understanding of a robust environmental learning landscape

Environmental learning occurs through an interconnected web of opportunities. Some arise via organizations with sustainability- or environmental learning-focused missions, while others are facilita...
Abstract 2428: NR4A1 ligands inhibits PSPC1 regulated EMT and stemness markers in breast, lung and liver cancer cells

The orphan nuclear receptor 4A1 (Nur77, TR3, NR4A1) is highly expressed in solid tumors and is a negative prognostic factor for survival of breast, lung, and liver cancer patients (1) and ongoing studies in our laboratory show that NR4A1 is pro-oncogenic in multiple tumor types. We have also identified a series of bis-indole derived compounds including 1,1-bis(39-indolyl)-1-(p-hydroxyphenyl) methane (DIM-C-pPhOH; CDIM8) that act as NR4A1 antagonists that inhibit pro-oncogenic NR4A1-regulated genes and pathways in multiple cancer cell lines (2). Mechanistic studies show that many of the NR4A1-regulated genes involve interactions of NR4A1 with gene promoter DNA or with Sp-bound to GC-rich sequences and similar mechanisms have previously been observed for steroid hormone and other nuclear receptors. Our studies have identified paraspeckle component 1 (PSPC1) as an NR4A1 regulated gene in breast, lung and liver cancer cells and PSPC1 gene expression and protein levels are suppressed after treatment with C-DIM/NR4A1 antagonists. PSPC1 promotes tumorigenesis, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), stemness and metastasis and is a master activator of pro-metastatic switches and a potential target for anti-metastatic drugs. Knockdown of PSPC1 downregulates EMT and stemness markers in breast, lung and liver cancer cells. The novel buttressed analog of CDIM8 (DIM-C-pPhOH-3-Br-5-OCF3) at a concentration of 10 uM downregulates PSPC1 expression and its downstream targets (Snail, Slug, Nanog, OCT4, SOX2, c-myc). Knockdown of NR4A1 or SP1 inhibits PSPC1 expression in MDA-MB-231, H1299 and SNU449 cell lines respectively. These results identify PSPC1 as a novel gene that regulates EMT and invasion in these cancer cells and NR4A1 is an upstream regulator of PSPC1 gene expression. Thus, NR4A1 ligands act as an antimetastatic mimic by inhibiting PSPC1 and the mechanism of PSPC1 regulation involves ligand induced interactions of NR4A1/SP1 with a GC-rich region of the PSPC1 gene promoter. References:1.Safe S, Jin UH, Hedrick E, Reeder A, Lee SO. Minireview: Role of orphan nuclear receptors in cancer and potential as drug targets. Mol Endocrinol. 2014;28(2):157-72. 2.Mohankumar K, Li X, Sridharan S, Karki K, Safe S. Nuclear receptor 4A1 (NR4A1) antagonists induce ROS-dependent inhibition of mTOR signaling in endometrial cancer. Gynecol Oncol. 2019; 154(1):218-227. Citation Format: Kumaravel Mohankumar, Rupesh Shrestha, Stephen Safe. NR4A1 ligands inhibits PSPC1 regulated EMT and stemness markers in breast, lung and liver cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2021; 2021 Apr 10-15 and May 17-21. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(13_Suppl):Abstract nr 2428.
Synthesis and Characterization of the 2,3-Methylenedioxyamphetamines

Synthetic methods and spectroscopic and chromatographic data are provided for four 2,3-methylenedioxyamphetamines (2,3-MDA, N-methyl-2,3-MDA, N-ethyl-2,3-MDA and N,N-dimethyl-2,3-MDA). These compounds are aromatic positional isomers of the corresponding 3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamines, which are well known, widely abused central nervous system stimulants with euphoric properties. Direct spectroscopic and chromatographic comparisons of the two isomeric series indicate that the 2,3-MDA's may be easily and unambiguously differentiated from the corresponding 3,4-MDA's via standard analytical methodologies.
Simple computable bounds for solutions of linear complementarity problems and linear programs

It is shown that each feasible point of a positive semidefinite linear complementarity problem which is not a solution of the problem provides a simple numerical bound for some or all components of all solution vectors. Consequently each pair of primal-dual feasible points of a linear program which are not optimal provides a simple numerical bound for some or all components of all primal-dual solution vectors. In addition we show that the existence of such numerical bounds is not only sufficient but is also necessary for the boundedness of solution vector components for both the linear complementarity problem and the dual linear programs.
THE PRESIDENT'S COUNCIL ON BIOETHICS—REQUIESCAT IN PACE

In mid-June 2009, the Obama administration dissolved the President's Council on Bioethics (PCBE), a group established by President George W. Bush in August 2001 and whose nearly eight-year life was marked from beginning to end by controversy. While some will regret the PCBE's passing, others will regard the Council as a failed experiment in doing public bioethics.
Location of focal points

The effect of various factorizations of a disconjugate linear operator on focal points is studied.
Inhibition of epidermal growth factor receptor biosynthesis caused by the src oncogene product, pp60v-src.

Abstract We have previously shown that an intracellular mechanism down regulates epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor levels in rodent fibroblasts transformed by the src oncogene (W. J. Wasilenko, L. K. Shawver, and M. J. Weber, J. Cell. Physiol. 131:450-457, 1987). We now report that this down regulation is due to an inhibition of EGF receptor biosynthesis. With Rat-1 (R1) cells infected with a temperature-sensitive src mutant, we found that 125I-labeled EGF binding to cells began to decrease soon after the activation of pp60v-src by shift down to the permissive temperature for transformation. This effect of src on EGF receptors was reversible. Pulse-chase studies with [35S]methionine-labeled cells revealed that the tyrosine protein kinase activity of pp60v-src had little if any effect on EGF receptor degradation rate. By contrast, the expression of pp60v-src caused a large reduction in the apparent rate of EGF receptor biosynthesis. Northern (RNA) blot analysis demonstrated that pp60v-src also caused marked reductions in the steady-state level of EGF receptor mRNA. These data indicate that one way the expression of the src oncogene can affect the machinery of growth control is by affecting the expression of specific genes for growth factor receptors.
Pathologic assessment of liver cell dysplasia and benign liver tumors: differentiation from malignant tumors.

Abstract Recent developments in the pathologic assessment of several benign hepatic processes are reviewed, with particular emphasis on distinguishing these processes from malignant lesions. Liver cell dysplasia remains a controversial lesion, with mounting evidence to support its preneoplastic nature. Adenomatous hyperplastic nodules are large regenerative nodules in cirrhotic livers, and may also have malignant potential. Distinguishing these nodules from hepatocellular carcinoma by histology may become increasingly important, with the advent of more sensitive Imaging techniques. Differentiating features of noncancerous biliary epithelium versus well-differentiated cholangiocarcinoma, sclerosing hemangioma versus epithelioid hemangioendothelioma, and angiomyelollpoma versus the clear cell variant of hepatocellular carcinoma are also presented and discussed.
Formate oxidation by Phormia regina larvae

Abstract 1. 1. Homogenates of the larvae of Phormia regina (Meig.) oxidize formate to carbon dioxide. 2. 2. The formate oxidizing enzyme was purified about eighteenfold, and simultaneously a similar purification of catalase was obtained, 3. 3. Formate oxidation is competitively inhibited by nitrite and ethanol and is oxidized by a catalase-peroxide complex. 4. 4. Hydrogen peroxide is generated by oxidation of reduced sulfhydryls like glutathione and homocysteine. It is also produced by the oxidation of hypoxanthine by xanthine oxidase, NADH 2 and NADPH 2 through flavins, and possibly folate. 5. 5. Thus formate oxidation in Phormia involves coupled reactions between enzyme systems producing hydrogen peroxide (except glutathione oxidation if it is a non-enzymatic reaction) to form a complex with catalase, which in turn oxidizes formate to carbon dioxide.
A la Recherche d'une Profession Unie

recent dinner meeting of a visiting committee, composed mostly of non-educators, and the top-ranking professors in the Department of Romance Languages of an important Eastern university. We had been discussing aims and objectives of language and literature teaching, and the members of the committee had been plugging the importance for students of mastery of the speaking skill. Whereupon six distinguished professors, no one of whom is 479
Connections between cisternae of the golgi apparatus and the granular endoplasmic reticulum in Amoeba proteus

Numerous morphological continuities between the cisternae of the convex face of the Golgi apparatus and the granular endoplasmic reticulum (GER) were observed in post-division amebae that had divided following enucleation and renucleation. Electron microscopic radioautography with the use of 3H-uridine as a tracer indicated that perhaps the Golgi apparatus is derived from the GER. The possibility of the connections between GER and Golgi apparatus facilitating transport of materials between the two is also discussed.
Similarity solutions for homogeneous and nonhomogeneous aerosol balance equations

Abstract This paper is concerned with similarity solutions for homogeneous and nonhomogeneous aerosol balance equations. The systems describe the time evolution of an aerosol population in fluid media under the influences of volumetric sources and sinks, coagulation of particles, condensational growth, a vertical wind field, gravitational settling, and vertical diffusion. Applying transformation equations, the physical space is mapped into a one-dimensional similarity space. Direct and indirect methods are used to solve the governing equations for the number densities in the similarity space. The forms of the solutions vary with the changes in the system parameters. Hence, several relationships between the parameters and the similarity spectra and the integral moments of the spectra are obtained. For example, the heavier-tailed spectra correspond to the unbounded coagulation parameters and the lighter-tailed spectra correspond to the bounded kernels.
Utilization of a staff development group in prison consultation

Increasing emphasis on permanent, nonprofessional staff members as the target of mental health consultative services requires identification of techniques likely to be effective for this purpose. A staff development group emerged as the key element in a new consultative program in a state correctional facility unaccustomed to such services and employing individuals with diverse backgrounds. Group behavior was described and interviews, which were conducted prior to and after the group meetings, were analyzed. In general, the staff become more “group oriented” and much less negative about the facility and their jobs. Experience with the group alerted the consultant to possible directions for future program development in the unit. It was concluded that the training of the mental health professional provides excellent preparation for this type of consultative activity.
DC Changes recorded Transcranially during “Typical” Three per Second Spike and Wave Discharges in Man

SUMMARY Simultaneous DC and AC recordings of 1233 bilaterally synchronous “typical” spike and wave discharges of duration exceeding 2 sec were taken in 21 human subjects. Slow potential changes referred to as “paroxysmal negative shifts” (PNS) occurred during all paroxysms. They were generally unrelated to GSR changes and were not generated, but could be variously altered, by potential changes due to movement of the eyes. There was a close relationship between the distribution of the PNS at the surface of the scalp and the topography of the slow wave component of the spike and wave discharge. In no instance did DC shifts clearly precede the manifestation of spike and wave activity in the EEG. The PNS were enhanced by slow wave sleep during which they occasionally continued for a brief time after the paroxysm. In some subjects the initial PNS was consistently followed by a “secondary paroxysmal positive shift” (SPPS) during the discharge. Positive shifts occurring after cessation of the spike and wave discharge could not be demonstrated unequivocally. On the basis of the available evidence, it is suggested that the PNS accompanying the occurrence of typical bilateral spike and wave discharges in human subjects are of neural origin. It is postulated that they result from summated current flows towards the cortical surface occurring during both the spike and the wave components of the paroxysm but especially during the latter. RESUME Chez 21 sujets on a enregistre simultanement, en DC et AC, 1233 decharges de pointes ondes “typiques” bilaterales et synchrones, d'une duree superieure a 2 secondes. Dans toutes les decharges on a retrouve des changements de potentiels lents, qu'on a appeles “paroxysmal negative shifts” (PNS). Ces PNS etaient generalement independants des changements de la resistance cutanee et n‘etaient pas engendres par les changements de potentiel dus aux mouvements oculaires, qui toutefois pouvaient les modifier. II y avait une relation etroite entre la distribution du PNS enregistre sur la surface du scalp et la topographie de l'onde lente de la decharge de pointes ondes. On n'a jamais observe de DC shifts avant le debut des decharges de pointes ondes. Les PNS etaient accentues pendant le sommeil avec ondes lentes au cours duquel ils se prolongeaient parfois pendant un temps bref apres la decharge. Chez quelques sujets le PNS initial etait constamment suivi d'un “secondary paroxysmal positive shift” (SPPS) au cours de la decharge. On n'a pas rencontre d'une facon certaine de shifts positifs apres la fin de la decharge de pointes ondes. Sur la base des donnees actuelles, on suggere que les PNS qui accompagnent les decharges de pointes ondes bilaterales typiques chez l'Homme sont d'origine nerveuse. On postule que le PNS resulte de la sommation des influx de courant vers la surface durant la pointe, et surtout durant l'onde du complexe paroxystique.
Mean lifetimes of V-particles and heavy mesons

A maximum-likelihood procedure for determining mean lifetimes of V-particles from cloud-chamber data is applied to samples taken from a group of 134 neutral V-particle decays. For 74 events which were consistent with a decay into a proton and a negative π-meson, a lifetime of (2.5±0.7)×10-10 sec is obtained. Dividing the data into "low Q" and "high Q" groups on the basis of the calculated energy release in the decay, a value of τL=(2.9±0.8)×10-10 sec is found for those cases with 0<~Q<~50 Mev and a value of τH=(1.6±0.5)×10-10 sec is found for those cases with 50<Q<~150 Mev. While no significant difference exists between these two values, the difference is greater than for other plausible division schemes which are considered. A qualitative discussion of lifetimes is given for the case of 23 charged V-particle decays. For the charged V-particles these data suggest either a lifetime less than that of the neutral V-particles, provided the sample is homogeneous, or, more likely, an apparent average lifetime less than that of the neutral V-particles, if the sample is a mixture of two or more types of particles. The possibility that κ- and/or χ-mesons make up a part of these decays is considered.
A computational study of SrTiO3 thin film deposition: Morphology and growth modes

The growth of SrTiO 3 (STO) thin films is examined using classical molecular dynamics simulations. First, a beam of alternating SrO and TiO 2 molecules is deposited on the (001) surface of STO with incident kinetic energies of 0.1, 0.5, or 1.0 eV/atom. Second, deposition of alternating SrO and TiO 2 monolayers, where both have incident energies of 1.0 eV/atom, is examined. The resulting thin film morphologies predicted by the simulations are compared to available experimental data. The simulations indicate the way in which the incident energy, surface termination, and beam composition influence the morphology of the thin films. On the whole, some layer-by-layer growth is predicted to occur on both SrO- and TiO 2 -terminated STO for both types of deposition processes, with the alternating monolayer approach yielding thin films with compositions that are much closer to that of bulk STO.
Studies of hypotension and cardiac flow in lsoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis

Abstract The role of hypotension in isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis was evaluated using suprarenal aortic ligation as a means of mechanically reversing the severe hypotension caused by isoproterenol. Total myocardial metal content was measured as a sensitive indicator of myocardial damage at 3 and 6 hr after subcutaneous isoproterenol administration (100 mg/kg). A marked increase in Ca 2+ content indicative of severe myocardial necrosis occurred in spite of aortic ligation. The magnitude of the Ca 2+ increase was diminished in ligated animals, however, probably due to hyperkalemia, increased myocardial K + content, and decreased myocardial Na + induced by the ligation procedure. Fractional blood flow was also examined by a 86 Rb technique following isoproterenol alone and isoproterenol with aortic ligation. Isoproterenol increased flow to the entire heart—preferentially to the epicardium—and decreased flow to kidney and liver. Aortic ligation with isoproterenol markedly increased flow to both the epicardium and endocardium of the heart, and increased flow to the liver. These findings seriously question the importance of hypotension and decreased cardiac flow in the etiology of isoproterenol-induced myocardial necrosis.
Abstract A54: TACE-regulated TGF-alpha shedding drives GRB7-dependent invasion in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines

The Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) is frequently expressed in triple-negative breast cancer and is a marker of poor prognosis. We have also recently identified an EGFR-associated adaptor protein, GRB7, as being associated with reduced relapse-free survival in triple-negative breast cancer. In this study we have sought to define the mechanisms underlying the contributions of EGFR and GRB7 to triple-negative breast cancer progression. Because activating mutations in EGFR are very rare events in breast cancer, we screened breast tumor gene expression profiles to examine the distribution of EGFR ligand expression. Of the six known EGFR ligands, TGFalpha was expressed more highly in triple-negative breast tumors than in tumors of other subtypes. TGFalpha is synthesized as a transmembrane precursor requiring TACE/ADAM17-dependent proteolytic release in order to activate its receptor. In this study we show that an inhibitor of this proteolytic release blocks invasion, migration and colony formation by several triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. Each of these effects of the drug was reversed upon expression of a soluble TGFalpha mutant which does not require TACE activity to function, implicating this one metalloproteinase substrate as playing a critical role in these metastasis-related phenotypes. A cyclic peptide inhibitor of GRB7, G718-NATE, also blocked tumor cell invasion and colony formation in 3D culture. Importantly, cell lines overexpressing the soluble TGFalpha mutant remained sensitive to the effects of the GRB7 inhibitor, suggesting that a linear TACE-TGFalpha-EGFR-GRB7 signaling module is involved. We additionally demonstrate that GRB7 overexpression upregulates several pathways with roles in tumor cell proliferation, migration and survival. Taken together, these data demonstrate that TGFalpha is the key ligand for EGFR in triple-negative breast cancer and that it drives invasion and proliferation via GRB7. This work suggests that triple-negative breast tumors in which this pathway is active might benefit clinically from either EGFR or TACE inhibitors. Citation Format: Veronica Calvo, Orsi Giricz, Paraic A. Kenny. TACE-regulated TGF-alpha shedding drives GRB7-dependent invasion in triple-negative breast cancer cell lines. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr A54.
Discussion of What Determines Corporate Transparency

The goal of Bushman, Piotroski, and Smith (hereafter, BPS) is to extend our understanding of financial information systems around the globe. They focus on the availability of firm-specific information to those outside of publicly traded firms to examine how and why this information varies across countries. Given the breadth of the question and the scope of global work, the paper includes far-ranging discussions of these factors and a large number of empirical variables. However, the analyses address two relatively straightforward questions. First, which aspects of the information system are observed to occur together? Second, how are these aspects of the information system related to the government's role in the economy? Clearly, these are important questions. Global variation in financial markets and accounting is a topic increasingly studied by academics in accounting as well as economics and finance. These variations have been attributed with affecting economic development within countries and affecting the ability to transact business across countries (La Porta et al. [1997], Clayton,Jorgensen, and Kavajecz [2002], Leuz, Nanda, and Wysocki [2003], Bradshaw, Bushee, and Miller [2003]). Given the increasing globalization of business in general, it is only reasonable to expect that studies of global
Tomorrow's libraries: more than a modular telephone jack, less than a complete revolution— Perspectives of a provocateur

The annual operating costs for traditional libraries can be shown to be greater than the cost to distributing a portable computer and related sources of electronic information to each library user in the academic environment. For public libraries, opportunity to reach the disadvantaged are inherent in this and other developments in the delivery of information. A time frame for the emergence of an information appliance—the tablet computer—capable of supporting the required information traffic, is presented and a model is developed to predict the migration of content from paper to electroform for each subject discipline. As one viable approach to library planning for the coming “new” information environment, the author suggests converting the “central library” into an “electronic information distribution center” that can support users regardless of physical location, while also incorporating automated storage and retrieval facilities to minimize warehousing costs for residual hard copy materials. The economical provision of information SERVICE is the objective; not greater staffs, collections of little used materials, and buildings.
Formation of isobutene from 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate by diphosphomevalonate decarboxylase.

Isobutene is an important commercial chemical used for the synthesis of butyl rubber, terephthalic acid, specialty chemicals, and a gasoline performance additive known as alkylate. Currently, isobutene is produced from petroleum and hence is nonrenewable. Here, we report that the Saccharomyces cerevisiae mevalonate diphosphate decarboxylase (ScMDD) can convert 3-hydroxy-3-methylbutyrate (3-HMB) to isobutene. Whole cells of Escherichia coli producing ScMDD with an N-terminal 6×His tag (His6-ScMDD) formed isobutene from 3-HMB at a rate of 154 pmol h−1 g cells−1. In contrast, no isobutene was detected from control cells lacking ScMDD. His6-ScMDD was purified by nickel affinity chromatography and shown to produce isobutene from 3-HMB at a rate of 1.33 pmol min−1 mg−1 protein. Controls showed that both His6-ScMDD and 3-HMB were required for detectable isobutene formation. Isobutene was identified by gas chromatography (GC) with flame ionization detection as well as by GC-mass spectrometry (MS). ScMDD was subjected to error-prone PCR, and two improved variants were characterized, ScMDD1 (I145F) and ScMDD2 (R74H). Whole cells of E. coli producing ScMDD1 and ScMDD2 produced isobutene from 3-HMB at rates of 3,000 and 5,888 pmol h−1 g cells−1, which are 19- and 38-fold increases compared to rates for cells producing His6-ScMDD. This showed that genetic modifications can be used to increase the rate at which ScMDD converts 3-HMB to isobutene. Because 3-HMB can be produced from l-leucine, ScMDD has a potential application for the production of renewable isobutene. Moreover, isobutene is a gas, which might simplify its purification from a fermentation medium, substantially reducing production costs.
Perceived instructor argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness and student outcomes

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between instructor argumentativeness and verbal aggressiveness, and student affective learning and satisfaction. Participants were 169 undergraduate students enrolled in a variety of communication courses at a small Midwestern university. Results indicate that perceived instructor argumentativeness is positively correlated with student affect toward the course, student affect toward the instructor, and student satisfaction whereas perceived instructor verbal aggressiveness is negatively correlated with student affect toward the course, student affect toward the instructor, and student satisfaction. Future researchers may examine the reasons behind instructor argumentative and verbally aggressive behaviors as well as the composition of the various messages used to exemplify these behaviors.