cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Empire, Food and the Diaspora: Indian Restaurants in Britain

AbstractDespite being called ‘Indian restaurants’, the family-run curry houses that are characteristic of high streets in Britain are primarily run by Bangladeshi and Pakistani migrants. This article links the evolution of these restaurants in Britain to colonial history, migration after Independence and contemporary political changes. It analyses the popularity of curry houses alongside the continuing racism meted out to the wait staff and patrons by white Britons in the context of colonial history, migration patterns and the changing industrial fortunes of India and Britain in the post-World War II era. The emergence of wealthy and highly-credentialed Indians and British-born Asians has led to the rise of upmarket eateries and to a sharp bifurcation in diasporic communities.
New models of collaboration for delivering government services: a dynamic model drawn from multi-national research

This paper presents a conceptual model of how organizations collaborate to deliver public services to citizens and businesses. The model is derived from a comparative study of 12 collaborations in Canada, the US, and Europe that involved various combinations of public, private, and nonprofit organizations pursuing a variety of service objectives. The study draws on the literature of interorganizational networks, management information systems, public management, and organizational behavior to devise a preliminary model of how such collaborations form and operate. The case study data are then compared to the preliminary model and a revised, more robust and dynamic model is presented which more closely fits the case experiences across various service types, project structures, and national settings.
Phase wrapping of epicyclic perturbations in the Wobbly Galaxy

We use test-particle integrations to show that epicyclic motions excited by a pericentre passage of a dwarf galaxy could account for bulk vertical velocity streaming motions recently observed in the Galactic stellar disc near the Sun. We use fixed potential test-particle integrations to isolate the role of phase wrapping of epicyclic perturbations from bending and breathing waves or modes, which require self-gravity to oscillate. Perturbations from a fairly massive Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, $M_d \sim 2.5 \times 10^{10} M_\odot$, are required to account for the size of the observed streaming motions from its orbital pericentre approximately a Gyr ago. A previous passage of the dwarf through the Galactic disc approximately 2.2 Gyr ago (with a then more massive dwarf galaxy) is less effective. If phase wrapping of epicyclic perturbations is responsible for stellar streaming motions in the Galactic disc, then there should be variations in velocity gradients on scales of a few kpc in the vicinity of the Sun.
The Hand in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

Hand involvement is common in systemic lupus erythematosus, and is different from that seen in rheumatoid arthritis. Raynaud's phenomenon was present in 50 per cent of our patients and, rather than joint deformity and synovitis, often was the primary cause of disability. Deformities in lupus hands are the result of laxity of the supporting soft-tissue structures about the joint. Articular destruction and ankylosis do not occur unless there is coexistent rheumatoid arthritis. Swanneck deformities without tight intrinsics and hyperextension deformity of the thumb interphalangeal joint are characteristic of this disease in the hand.
Matrix Integrators for Real-Time Simulation of Singular Systems

This paper presents a numerical integration method for vector systems with eigenvalues at the origin. This method has regression coefficients that are matrices of the same dimension as the system being integrated. These coefficients are determined directly from the original system without resorting to matrix inversion.
Pork tenderness and postmortem tenderization: Correlations with meat quality traits and the impact of sire line

The objective of this study was to identify differences in rate and extent of postmortem tenderization between sire lines and determine correlations between changes in tenderness and other quality traits in pork. Pigs from eight sire lines were raised in a single production facility and harvested on a single day. Whole bone-in loins (n = 151) were collected for fabrication and further analysis. Quality measurements were performed 24 h postmortem and chops were aged 2, 7, 14 and 21 days postmortem for analysis of Warner-Bratzler shear force. Shear force did not differ (P > 0.10) between sire lines at any day of aging; however, rate and extent of postmortem tenderization were different (P 0.05) for more easily measured quality traits of ultimate pH or color. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS Consumers often denote tenderness as the most important trait in determining the overall quality of pork. Predicting tenderness, however, can be very challenging because many preharvest and postharvest factors influence this trait. Furthermore, tenderness changes with postmortem storage, a phenomenon that is also difficult to predict. This work correlates meat quality traits with both ultimate shear force and the change in shear force with storage. While shear force and the change in shear force are correlated with some quality traits such as water-holding capacity, no one easily measurable trait strongly correlated with shear force. Therefore, this research provides only the first steps in being able to predict tenderness in pork. Furthermore, this work indicates that not all pork ages similarly – the rate and extent of change in postmortem tenderness can be impacted by sire line. These differences between sire lines may offer a new angle of marketing pork.
Anti-dumping and countervailing duties under oligopoly

Abstract This paper constructs a conjectural variations model of international oligopoly in which the home country's optimal policy responses to the foreign government's subsidies and foreign firms' dumping can be calculated. Some theoretical support is found for tariffs that countervail part of the foreign export subsidy; the optimal fraction depends on the size of own and cross effects in demand and on the extent of market competition. However, no normative case is found for anti- dumping duties.
Management of sword-swallower injuries.

Objective: To report an unusual case of hypopharyngeal perforation in a sword-swallower, with emphasis on management options.Method:Case report and review of the English language literature concerning sword-swallowing injuries to the hypopharynx and oesophagus. Results: A 29-year-old male sword-swallower suffered hypopharyngeal perforation during a performance. The patient received conservative management, with intensive care unit admission, infectious disease consultation, intravenous antibiotics, discontinuation of oral intake and close observation. He progressed well, resumed oral intake on hospital day six, and was discharged home on hospital day eight. Conclusion: Sword-swallowing is an unusual vocation which may lead to potentially devastating injuries. This case report and review of the literature illustrates the management options for such hypopharyngeal and oesophageal injuries. Language: en
Yearning for God: Trance as a Culturally Specific Practice and Its Implications for Understanding Dissociative Disorders

ABSTRCT This paper suggests a tentative hypothesis to explain the apparent paucity of dissociative disorder patients between the 1920s and the 1970s: that the trance phenomenon that is now so characteristic in patients who struggle with childhood trauma may be a manner of handling emotional distress specific to certain periods in American history. The paper argues that trance is learnable; that there are specific periods in American history in which trance is encouraged in religious experience and that we are now in one such period; that in such periods, trance becomes incorporated into a complex behavioral practice in religious settings in which the boundary between the perceptually real and unreal may be blurred; and that the prevalence of this practice in religious settings may influence the symptom expression of those who struggle with the aftermath of trauma.
Some thoughts on reasons, definitions and tasks to achieve “functional” computer literacy

Computer literacy, according to Richard Austing (1), is a major category of computer science education. Although computer literacy potentially involves the greatest number of people, achieving an ongoing program presents computer educators with formidable problems. My concern is with the concept of “functional” computer literacy, that is, a level of computer literacy expected of everyone living in a computer society. Functional computer literacy can be developed by implementing a curriculum for junior and senior high school students. Two requirements for achieving a computer literacy curriculum are 1) to develop a philosophy which is both “computer” and “literacy” and 2) to identify minimum requirements for being computer literate.
Subcutaneous microdialysis in rats correlates with carbamazepine concentrations in plasma and brain.

Abstract Microdialysis simplifies the measurement of pharmacokinetics in pharmacodynamically relevant tissues. Microdialysis permits serial measurements of unbound drug concentration. The objective of the present work was to study rats to correlate plasma carbamazepine pharmacokinetics with subcutaneous and brain tissues. Microdialysis probes were inserted into the jugular vein, the brain, and subcutaneous tissue in Sprague–Dawley rats. After receiving single doses of carbamazepine, 12 mg/kg i.p., pharmacokinetic sampling occurred simultaneously from three microdialysis sites. Microdialysis sampled unbound carbamazepine and carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide concentrations. Concentrations measured in brain, subcutaneous, and plasma correlated with each other. Except where differences were anticipated, pharmacokinetic parameters, including half-life and time to maximum concentration, were the same regardless of measurement site. The present study suggests microdialysis may allow pharmacokinetic measurements in peripheral physiological spaces that are surrogates for the pharmacologically relevant tissue.
Pulsed critical currents in superconducting films

Abstract The time dependence of the voltage in pulsed critical current experiments with concentrically mounted samples is explained by diffusion of magnetic flux through the film. The voltage is proportional to the current density and the amount of flux broken through.
The Charmides: Socratic Sôphrosunê, Human Sôphrosunê

Dans cet article, l'A. demontre comment les quatre definitions que Critias donne de la sophrosune (prudence) dans le Charmide ainsi que la critique que Socrate emet a leur sujet illuminent la notion socratique de prudence en meme temps qu'elles en montrent les limites. Pour commencer, il met en discussion les deux mots grecs clefs du Charmide : soprosune et episteme. Puis il examine chacune des quatre definitions de Critias avec leur critique socratique
A contact sheet approach to searching untagged images on smartphones

We present a cloud-based approach to opportunistic, near real-time search of untagged images on smartphones that is sensitive to bandwidth and energy constraints. Our approach is inspired by the long-established practice of photographers using contact sheets to rapidly visualize a new collection of photographs, and then selecting a subset on which to focus attention. On behalf of each smartphone, the cloud maintains a virtual contact sheet of images that have been captured but not yet uploaded. The virtual contact sheet consists of a set of low-fidelity images as well as full or partial meta-data associated with each image. If search processing on the cloud indicates that a particular low-fidelity object is relevant, then its full-fidelity image can be obtained just-in-time from the corresponding smartphone for further search processing or presentation to the user. Our approach is not limited to images, but they provide a convenient query space to test search optimizations.
Segmentation algorithms for cranial magnetic resonance images

Abstract In this paper, we provide a model based algorithm for segmentation of MRI Brain images. The algorithmuses embedded knowledge and employs generalized morphological operators. Preliminary results obtainedwith the use of the algorithm to segment MRI Brain scans are also presented. 1 Introduction Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) scanners routinely provide 3—D images of the internal structures of thehuman body. An important step in the analysis of these images is segmentation. Segmentation involves the extraction of the desired organs from the reconstructed MIII images. In this paper, we propose an algorithm for the segmentation of MRI Brain. images. We propose a model based approach which hasembedded Knowledge. Mathematical Morphology is used as basic image analysis operators.Mathematical morphology is an algebraic approach to image processiiig[2,4,9}. It is a kind of 'algebraof images' to study shapes mathematically. The algorithms are expressed in a common form as imageequations which are concise, easy to read and manipulate, and obey certain algebraic identities. Thesealgebraic identities make it possible to speed lip certithn calculations or to reduce the amount of hardwareneeded to perform them. Morphological operations can be employed for many purposes, including edgedetection, segmentation and enhancement of images.Segmentation entails partitioning the image space into desirable subsets such as organ and background.There are a variety of techniques available in the literature hich deal with segrnentation{5]. Segmentationis a complex process and is a central problem of Image. Analysis. Expert systems to aid the Segmentationprocess was studied by Raya{1]. Segnlentatioli of NMR images for volumetric calculations was studied byKennedy[6]. Bomans[1O] report techniciues for segmenting MRI Brain images. Suzuki[12] use a knowledgeguided thresholding approach to Head MRJ segmentation. Gong{13J uses local and global thresholds forsegmentation of MRI images. Our approach to the problem is to use a Model Based Segmentation Scheme.
Resident laser refractive surgery training.

Purpose of review The Residency Review Committee Ophthalmology of the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education has recently established guidelines pertaining to the minimum operative requirements for training ophthalmology residents in refractive surgery. Despite being one of the most frequently performed ophthalmic surgical procedures, there is a paucity of literature on residency training in refractive surgery. Moreover, the literature indicates that only half of training programs offer surgical exposure to trainees. The purpose of this article is to review recent research on training ophthalmology residents in refractive surgery and offer an approach to incorporating laser refractive surgery curriculum in residency education. Recent findings Kwon et al. performed a national survey to evaluate current trends in resident laser in-situ keratomileusis (LASIK) training in the USA. The result shows that 54% of respondents had resident-performed LASIK surgery with 9.1% of surveyed programs not offering any LASIK experience. In addition, residents in the study performed a mean of 4.4 LASIK surgeries (range 1-10) during residency training starting during the second year. Summary The data emerging from the survey show that refractive surgery experience is fundamental to the education of the ophthalmology resident. Although the demand for refractive surgery continues to gain pace with millions of such procedures performed worldwide, only a little over half of ophthalmology residency programs offer residents the opportunity to gain surgical experience. With the current mandate, programs must now look for strategies to provide laser refractive surgical experience to residents.
Water-Soluble Polymers. 73. Electrolyte- and pH-Responsive Zwitterionic Copolymers of 4-[(2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropyl)- dimethylammonio]butanoate with 3-[(2-Acrylamido-2-methyl- propyl)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate

Amphoteric copolymers of the carboxybetaine monomer 4-[(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl)dimethylammonio]butanoate (AMPDAB), 1, with the sulfobetaine monomer 3-[(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropyl)dimethylammonio]propanesulfonate (AMPDAPS), 2, have been synthesized by free radical polymerization in 0.5 M NaBr. The feed ratios of 1:2 were varied from 100:0 to 0:100 mol %. Molecular weights were determined by low angle laser light scattering and range from 1.65 × 106 to 3.95 × 106. The homopolymer of 2 was insoluble in deionized water but soluble in aqueous solutions containing a critical concentration of added electrolytes. In contrast, the homopolymer of 1 was soluble in deionized water. The solubility behavior of copolymers of 1 and 2 is complex and varies with copolymer composition, pH, as well as the concentration and nature of the added electrolytes. Coulombic interactions and hydration effects are suggested to be the main factors affecting the solubility behavior of these amphiphilic copolymers. Low shear viscos...
Optical modulation by the isolated human fovea.

Abstract Previously, these authors had analyzed the modulation transfer function (MTF) of albino rat (rod) and squirrel monkey (foveal cone) retinas. Subsequently, three fresh human specimens became available for study. The human foveal MTF exhibits a much higher quality high frequency contrast transfer characteristic than the two previously studied species. If one limits study to the thin fovea centralis, optical quality is sustained for far longer after dissection in the human than in other species studied. The effects of receptor orientation disturbance and the loss of receptor outer segments also are considered in the paper. This study is significant in terms of analyzing retinal optical properties, defining the retinal and (neural) response MTF, microspectrophotometry and visual resolution.
Will kinase inhibitors have a dark side

Small-molecule inhibitors of Akt kinase are being developed as potential therapeutic agents for cancer. However, a recent study suggests that they may promote metastasis in certain settings.
Model for retention and efficiency in open-tubular supercritical fluid chromatography

Abstract A model for open-tubular supercritical fluid chromatography at constant mass flow-rate, which takes into account the effects of temperature, density and pressure drop on solute retention and dispersion, is developed and applied to the elution of normal alkanes (C 8 -C 40 ) on a polysiloxane stationary phase using CO 2 mobile phase using CO 2 mobile phase at 40 to 120°C. An exact expression for resolution is derived in terms of observed chromatographic parameters, and the effect of swelling on solute diffusion coefficients in the stationary phase is considered. Plots of apparent plate height vs . temporal average velocity show the onset of gradient-induced band spreading for a variety of conditions. Swelling of the stationary phase is shown to be critical to the achievement of acceptable efficiency for heavy solutes at low temperatures, and the prediction of a second maximum in resolution at high mobile phase velocities suggests the possibility of extremely fast separations by supercritical fluid chromatography.
Environmental Enrichment Produces a Behavioral Phenotype Mediated by Low Cyclic Adenosine Monophosphate Response Element Binding (CREB) Activity in the Nucleus Accumbens

Background Previous research has shown that rats reared in an enriched condition (EC) are more sensitive to the acute effects of amphetamine than rats reared in an isolated condition (IC); yet, EC rats self-administer less amphetamine than IC rats. The present study used cocaine to further explore this environmental enrichment behavioral phenotype, as well as the underlying molecular mechanisms involved. Methods Enriched condition and IC rats were studied in a broad battery of behavioral tests, including cocaine conditioned place preference (CPP) and self-administration and several measures of anxiety- and depression-related behavior. The involvement of the transcription factor, cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP) response element binding protein (CREB), in mediating EC versus IC differences was investigated. Results Enriched condition rats exhibited less cocaine self-administration, despite showing enhanced cocaine CPP. Enriched condition rats also displayed less depression-like behavior but higher levels of anxiety-like behavior. This behavioral phenotype is consistent with low CREB activity in the nucleus accumbens, a key brain reward region. Indeed, EC rats have less phospho-CREB (the transcriptionally active form of the protein) in the nucleus accumbens than IC rats, and a selective knockdown of CREB in this brain region of normally reared rats, by use of a novel viral vector expressing a short hairpin RNA (shRNA) directed against CREB, reproduced the EC behavioral phenotype. Conclusions These studies identify a potential molecular mechanism for how rearing environment—a nonpharmacological, nonsurgical manipulation—can modify a wide range of complex emotional behaviors.
Evidence for binding of metabolically activated 1,2-dibromoethane to chromatin of forestomach and liver

Abstract The covalent binding of metabolically activated 1,2-dibromoethane (DBE), a potent carcinogen, to chromatin constituents of forestomach and liver was examined in vitro . Chromatin was prepared from forestomach and liver of B6C3F1 mice and characterized. In order to activate DBE, microsomes and cytosol were isolated from mouse forestomach and liver and incubated with [ 14 C]-DBE in the presence of a NADPH regenerating system. Results demonstrate that DBE bound covalently to the same extent to protein of microsomes and chromatin isolated from forestomach and liver. On the contrary, DBE bound significantly more to chromatin DNA of forestomach or liver than it did to salmon sperm DNA. It appears from these results that the metabolically activated DBE is more reactive to homologous DNA than exogenous DNA. Fractionation of DBE-bound chromatin protein into histone and nonhistone proteins resulted in higher binding of DBE to non-histone than to histone proteins isolated from forestomach and liver.
Effect of Calcitonin on Rabbit Thyroid Glands

Long-term im administration of porcine calcitonin to rabbits in large doses (100 MRC U/kg body weight as total dose) induces a striking proliferation of thyroid cells. Clusters of interfollicular cells disrupting the follicular pattern and predominance of small follicles lined by high columnar cells with infoldings are evident. Ultrastructurally, most of the thyroid follicular cells are in an apparent hypersecretory state, showing an increase in number and size of microvilli, colloid droplets and heterogeneous dense granules as well as a hypertrophy of Golgi complex. A hyperplasia and hypertrophy of parafollicular (C) cells are also observed. These cells display a large population of small dense granules, free ribosomes and secretory vesicles. These findings suggest that chronic calcitonin administration exerts a goitrogenic effect on rabbit thyroids and also inhibits the release of calcitonin from the parafollicular cells. (Endocrinology 90: 1046, 1972)
The theory of planned behavior in e-commerce: Making a case for interdependencies between salient beliefs

To provide more specific explanation of consumers' purchase intention on the Internet, this study expanded the original theory of planned behavior (TPB) by decomposing belief constructs and by including interdependency terms between salient beliefs. The findings of this study supported the existence of interdependencies between salient beliefs in TPB. Also, the decomposition of attitude components is expected to provide on-line retailers with more clear-cut information about customers' evaluative criteria for e-tailers when they make a purchase decision on the Internet. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Power-efficient-coded architecture for distributed wireless sensing

Most distributed wireless sensor systems avoid using error correction codes because of the added complexity and power consumption of the decoders. Therefore these uncoded sensor systems are not capable of providing a robust communication link in noisy environments. This leads to a high packet loss, limits the communication range and increases the number of sensors required to cover a region. A novel architecture with several simple sensors and a few sensors with complex decoders is proposed. This approach is power efficient, practical and at the same time provides better coverage and link quality. Several coding schemes are studied with the overall goal of maximised performance, while minimising the decoding complexity, hence saving sensor nodes' power. Furthermore, in both additive white Gaussian noise and frequency-flat Rayleigh fading channels a code is optimised to provide the lowest possible bit error rate for a specific memory constraint. It is demonstrated that overall power consumption for a coded wireless sensor system can be less than its uncoded counterpart, even considering the decoding power consumption. The proposed approach is targeted at real-time wireless environmental monitoring, where the information flow is unidirectional, justifying the usage of complex decoders in a few super-nodes.
CHIRAL LAGRANGIAN CALCULATION OF PION--NUCLEON SCATTERING LENGTHS.

We have considered two chiral-invariant Lagrangian models of pion-nucleon scattering: Weinberg's model, which contains a direct pion-nucleon scattering term; and an extension of Schwinger's model in which this direct term is replaced by a $\ensuremath{\rho}$-mediated term. These models have been extended by including a $\ensuremath{\pi}N{N}^{*}(1236)$ interaction. This has allowed us to calculate the ${N}^{*}$ contributions to the $S$-wave pion-nucleon scattering lengths and to compute the $P$-wave scattering lengths. The theoretically obtained values for these scattering lengths are found to be in reasonable agreement with experiment, with the possible exception of the ${{a}^{\ensuremath{-}}}_{P\frac{1}{2}}$ scattering length, for which only the direct model gives agreement with the present experimental data. For the ${{a}_{S}}^{+}$ scattering length, agreement was obtained only after the introduction of a contact term. The presence of such a term is made more plausible by the study of the asymptotic behavior of the isospin-even amplitudes. We have also compared our analysis with similar current-algebra calculations and obtain over-all agreement, especially with the $\ensuremath{\rho}$-exchange model, although we differ from these calculations in various details.
Viral myocarditis during pregnancy: Encephalomyocarditis virus infection in mice☆

Abstract The enhanced susceptibility of pregnant MLM-1 mice to EMC was studied. Virus multiplication in the brain was comparable in both pregnant and nonpregnant controls. EMC virus multiplied to higher levels in the hearts of pregnant mice. This was accompanied by myocarditis which was demonstrated histologically. Electrocardiograms of infected pregnant mice evidenced derangement in cardiac function. These findings suggest that involvement of the myocardium during EMC infection might account for the higher mortality rate during pregnancy.
Bulk acoustic wave RF technology

In this article, we will provide an overview of BAW filter technology by discussing comparison between BAW and SAW RF filter technologies, working principles of BAW resonator and filter, BAW resonator key performance parameters, comparison between free-standing bulk acoustic resonator (FBAR) and solidly mounted resonator (SMR) technologies, status of BAW resonator design and models, BAW filter manufacturing challenges, and future BAW technology improvement directions.
A property of trees in terms of unique connected subgraphs

The following theorem is proved: Let G be a graph with p ≥ 3 points such that for some n, 3 ≤ n ≤ p, any n points lie on a unique smallest connected subgraph. Then G = Cn+1 or G is a tree, and conversely.
Low-carrier production of [15O]oxygen, water and carbon monoxide

Abstract In the course of work to label butanol with 15 O, it became necessary to decrease carrier oxygen levels used in 15 O production. The low carrier conditions are incompatible with widely used techniques for production of labeled water and carbon monoxide. Method modifications are reported for production of these radiopharmaceuticals under low-carrier conditions, including the use of platinum as a catalyst for [ 15 O]water production. With these methods, it is possible to continue to produce all routine 15 O radiopharmaceuticals using a single, low-carrier, target gas.
Instabilities of dynamic thermocapillary liquid layers with magnetic fields

We present a linear-stability analysis for the transition from a steady, two-dimensional thermocapillary convection in a liquid-metal layer to a periodic, three-dimensional flow involving hydrothermal waves which propagate in the direction normal to the plane of the base flow. There is a uniform magnetic field applied parallel to the free surface in the plane of the base flow, and there is a linear temperature gradient along the free surface in the base flow. The ratio of the layer's length to its depth, 2L, is large. The magnetic Reynolds number is small. A key parameter is λ, the ratio of the large Hartmann number based on depth to L
MAOA Genotype, Childhood Maltreatment, and Their Interaction in the Etiology of Adult Antisocial Behaviors

Background Maltreatment by an adult or caregiver during childhood is a prevalent and important predictor of antisocial behaviors in adulthood. A functional promoter polymorphism in the monoamine oxidase A ( MAOA ) gene has been implicated as a moderating factor in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and antisocial behaviors. Although there have been numerous attempts at replicating this observation, results remain inconclusive. Methods We examined this gene–environment interaction hypothesis in a sample of 3356 white and 960 black men (aged 24–34) participating in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Results Primary analysis indicated that childhood maltreatment was a significant risk factor for later behaviors that violate rules and the rights of others ( p MAOA genotype, and MAOA genotype was not a significant moderator of the relationship between maltreatment and antisocial behaviors in our white sample. Post hoc analyses identified a similar pattern of results among our black sample in which maltreatment was not a significant predictor of antisocial behavior. Post hoc analyses also revealed a main effect of MAOA genotype on having a disposition toward violence in both samples and for violent convictions among our black sample. None of these post hoc findings, however, survived correction for multiple testing ( p > .05). Power analyses indicated that these results were not due to insufficient statistical power. Conclusions We could not confirm the hypothesis that MAOA genotype moderates the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult antisocial behaviors.
Effects of induced success/failure and attributions on the problem‐solving behavior of psychologically androgynous and feminine women

The aim of the present study was to examine the relation between masculinity and femininity in women and their responses to induced success or failure. Also experimentally manipulated were the subjects' performance attributions. Psychologically androgynous and feminine women either succeeded or failed at a concept formation task and were provided with internal, external, or no causal attributions for their performance. Then a second concept formation task was administered. The attribution manipulation failed to affect task performance and was not involved in any interactions. For feminine subjects, failure increased the trials necessary to reach criterion on the second task, whereas success had no effect. In contrast, the performance of androgynous subjects was unaffected by failure but facilitated by success. Finally, whereas androgynous subjects attributed success primarily to their ability and failure to task difficulty, feminine subjects attributed success and failure about equally to these two factors. It was suggested that androgynous women's use of the “egotistical” pattern of performance attributions gives them an advantage over feminine women with respect to the maintenance of self-esteem.
Retrovirus vectors: promise and reality.

Article de synthese sur les avantages et desavantages des retrovirus comme vecteurs de transfert de DNA
Thermoelectric Determination of Cation Distributions in Fe304-MgFe204

Thermoelectric coefficient measurements in the system Fe304-MgFe204 were used to determine the cation distributions from 600° to 1300°C. The cation distributions obeyed the relationship: −RT ln KMgCD= 17.4 + 2(−16.4)b (kJ/mol) where KMgCD is the magnesium distribution constant and b is the tetrahedral Fe3+ concentration. Low-temperature distributions are consistent with electrical behavior in the system. High-temperature thermodynamic activities calculated from our distributions agree with experimental values.
Atypical endometrial changes associated with carcinoma.

Abstract Attempts to identify precursors of endometrial carcinoma have been made sporadically over the past 25 yr. This summary includes additional material on the subject.
Artes de la memoria y universo chicano: La memoria como técnica estructural en …y no se lo tragó la tierra

This article analyzes the structural composition of the chicana/o novel …y no se lo trago la tierra, by Tomas Rivera, a book that has become a collective point of reference for chicana/o culture an...
Purification and Characterization of Carboxypeptidase D, a Novel Carboxypeptidase E-like Enzyme, from Bovine Pituitary

Carboxypeptidase E (CPE) is involved in the biosynthesis of most neuropeptides and peptide hormones. Until recently, CPE was the only intracellular carboxypeptidase thought to be involved in neuroendocrine peptide processing. However, the finding that fat/fat mice, which have a mutation within the CPE gene that inactivates the enzyme, are capable of a reduced amount of insulin processing suggests that another carboxypeptidase is present within the secretory pathway. We have detected a CPE-like enzyme, designated CPD, which has many properties in common with those of CPE. Like CPE, CPD is a metallocarboxypeptidase that has a pH optimum of 5.5-6. The Km and Kcat values for a series of short peptide substrates show only minor differences between CPD and CPE. Several active site-directed inhibitors also show generally similar potency toward the two enzymes, although guanidinoethylmercaptosuccinic acid is approximately 10-fold more potent, and hippuryl-Arg is approximately 100-fold more potent as an inhibitor of CPD than of CPE. A major difference between the two enzymes is the molecular masses; CPE is 50,000-56,000, whereas CPD is approximately 180,000. Also, CPD does not elute from a substrate affinity column when the pH is raised to 8, which elutes CPE, although CPD can subsequently be eluted by arginine. Both CPE and CPD are present in purified bovine anterior pituitary secretory vesicles, but the tissue distribution of CPD is more uniform than that of CPE. Antisera to the N- and C-terminal regions of CPE do not recognize CPD. The partial N-terminal amino acid sequence of bovine CPD shows 30-40% homology with an N-terminal region of bovine and rat CPE and 70% homology with a duck protein known as gp180, a hepatitis B virus particle binding protein that shows 47% homology to CPE. Taken together, these results suggest that CPD is a novel secretory pathway enzyme that may be the bovine homologue of gp180.
Dynamic targeted pricing with strategic consumers

Abstract We investigate in this paper whether dynamic targeted pricing based on consumer purchase history could benefit a practicing firm even when consumers are “strategic” in that they actively seek to avail themselves of a low price in the future. Such strategic behavior on the part of consumers has been shown in the literature to render such dynamic targeted pricing unprofitable, even for a monopoly firm. We show that dynamic targeted pricing can benefit competing firms, when they actively pursue customer recognition based on consumer purchase history. This is because in order to pursue customer recognition, competing firms need to price high to “screen out” price-sensitive consumers and hence price competition is moderated. As a result, all competing firms can become better off with targeted pricing than without even when consumers behave strategically. Interestingly, because of this competition moderation effect, the paradoxical outcome occurs where dynamic targeted pricing may not benefit a monopolist, but it may benefit competing firms. We also show that dynamic targeted pricing can expand the market such that social welfare unambiguously improves.
What Next for Wood Construction/Demolition Debris?

Residents in localities throughout the world voluntarily participate in the routine recycling of household wastes, such as paper, metals, and plastics containers. But when a house in their neighborhood gets built or torn down, most of the debris – including wood waste – gets landfilled. Such a waste of material suggests that there are opportunities to add value to these under-utilized resources. The great variability, as well as contamination, pose major challenges. It is recommended that reclaimed wood be primarily used in the manufacture of durable goods, and then whatever is left over be used for energy (or heat) generation.
Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase and its role in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon metabolism

Dihydrodiol dehydrogenase(s) (DD) have been implicated in the detoxication of proximate (trans-dihydrodiol) and ultimate carcinogenic (anti-diol-epoxide) metabolites of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). These activities are catalyzed by soluble hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases and/or by aldehyde reductases. Molecular cloning indicates that these enzymes have a high degree of sequence identity with members of the aldo-keto reductase superfamily. Substrate specificity studies indicate that non-K-region trans-dihydrodiols are the preferred substrates and that anti-diol-epoxides are not oxidized by the enzyme. The products of the DD reaction are transient catechols which auto-oxidize to PAH-o-quinones. As a consequence of this auto-oxidation superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide and semiquinone radicals are generated. Studies on the biotransformation of (±)-trans-7,8-dihydroxy-7,8-dihydro-benzo[a]pyrene indicate that in subcellular fractions from uninduced rat liver, DD plays a significant role in the metabolism of this proximate carcinogen. Thus, the formation of benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-dione is only superseded by the formation of tetraols which are derived from the anti-diol epoxide of benzo[a]pyrene [anti-BPDE;(±)-anti-7β,8α-dihydroxy-9α,10α-epoxy-7,8,9,10-tetrahydrobenzo[a]pyrene]. PAH-o-quinones produced by DD can inactivate the enzyme. These PAH-o-quinones also vary in their reactivity towards cellular nucleophiles, their cytotoxicity and their genotoxicity. Non-bay region and methylated bay-region PAH-o-quinones generated by DD are the most reactive Michael acceptors, and are also the most cytotoxic in hepatoma cells. Cytotoxicity results from the le− redox-cycling of the PAH-o-quinone, concomittant production of superoxide anion and a subsequent alteration in redoxstate. PAH-o-quinones are also genotoxic thus [3H]-benzo[[ifa]pyrene-7,8-dione readily forms deoxyguanosine-adducts with native calf-thymus DNA, i.e., to the same extent as anti-BPDE. The cytotoxic and genotoxic properties of PAH-o-quinones suggest that DD may initiate a hitherto unrecognized pathway of PAH activation.
Ultraviolet protective eyewear for Wood's light use.

: When interpreting delayed patch test reads for children suspected of having contact dermatitis, we use the Wood’s light to illuminate the highlighter outlines we made at the first read. Our pediatric patients wear single-use ultraviolet protective goggles to shield their retinas, because children have a propensity to attempt to look into the Wood’s lamp.
Comparative analysis of multiple receptor subunit mRNA in micropunches obtained from different brain regions using a competitive RT-PCR method

Current methods for the quantification of mRNA either require amounts of tissue which make the analyses unsuitable for studies of changes in discrete brain nuclei (RNA protection assay) or limit analysis to a few species at a time (in situ hybridization). A method is described which permits comparative analysis of the expression of mRNAs obtained from punches of the central nervous system. This approach uses a synthetic, PCR-generated, internal standard which is directed towards the same sequence as the target message but is smaller in length. The internal standard is added to the PCR mix and amplified at the same rate as the target message. The mass of both the endogenous target message and internal standard is then measured, using densitometry, and expressed as the mass ratio of target message to internal standard. This approach has been used to compare the expression of mRNA for three receptor subunits: GABAA-α1, NMDA-R1 and Glu-R1, in two distinct brain regions: the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus and the caudal nucleus of the solitary tract. The mass ratios of target to internal standard from the PVN and caudal NTS punches from six rats were measured and averaged. In the PVN, the mass ratio of GABAA-α1 message (19.80±1.20, mean±SE) was higher than that of NMDA-R1 (0.74±0.19, p<0.01) or Glu-R1 (1.04±0.07, p<0.01). Similarly, in the NTS the mass ratio for GABAA-α1 (10.03±1.67) was higher than that of NMDA-R1 (1.21±0.13, p<0.05) or Glu-R1 (0.70±0.09, p<0.05). Within both the PVN and NTS, there was no difference between the mass ratios for NMDA-R1 and Glu-R1. Comparing the PVN to the NTS, the mass ratios for GABAA-α1 and Glu-R1 were higher in PVN compared to NTS (p<0.05), while the ratio for NMDA-R1 was comparable in the two nuclei. The method described permits comparison of relative levels of mRNA expression in anatomically distinct brain nuclei and is appropriate for measuring changes in the receptor subunit composition of a given species following interventions or changes in physiological state.
A clonal analysis of glial lineages in neonatal forebrain development in vitro.

Abstract Retrovirus-mediated gene transfer combined with triple immunostaining for astro- and oligodendroglial markers antibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein, GD3 ganglioside, and galactocerebroside, and the 04 antibody) was used to study clonal aspects of glial lineage in primary cultures of the neonatal rat striatum. We found two major clonal populations: astrocyte clones containing GFAP + , but GD3 − , O4 − , and GC − cells, and oligodendrocyte clones containing cells expressing various combinations of GD3, 04, and GC, with rare GFAP + cells. These results indicate that astrocytes and oligodendrocytes belong to separate lineages in forebrain postnatal development.
Physical Characterization and In Vitro Biological Impact of Highly Aggregated Antibodies Separated into Size-Enriched Populations by Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting

An IgG2 monoclonal antibody (mAb) solution was subjected to stirring, generating high concentrations of nanometer and subvisible particles, which were then successfully size-enriched into different size bins by low-speed centrifugation or a combination of gravitational sedimentation and fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS). The size-fractionated mAb particles were assessed for their ability to elicit the release of cytokines from a population of donor-derived human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) at two phases of the immune response. Fractions enriched in nanometer-sized particles showed a lower response than those enriched in micron-sized particles in this assay. Particles of 5-10 μm in size displayed elevated cytokine release profiles compared with other size ranges. Stir-stressed mAb particles had amorphous morphology, contained protein with partially altered secondary structure, elevated surface hydrophobicity (compared with controls), and trace levels of elemental fluorine. FACS size-enriched the mAb particle samples, yet did not notably alter the overall morphology or composition of particles as measured by microflow imaging, transmission electron microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The utility and limitations of FACS for size separation of mAb particles and potential of in vitro PBMC studies to rank-order the immunogenic potential of various types of mAb particles are discussed.
The Influence of Pore Structure on the Properties of Cement Paste: Initial Observations about Research-in-progress

Initial observations of the influence of pore structure on material properties of cement paste are described. The total porosity is held constant and pore structure is altered by use of a superplasticizer. Corresponding changes in strength and fracture energy are observed. Changes in the cement paste pore structure are evaluated by analysis of images obtained by optical microscopy. The technique is a direct method of measurement that avoids assumptions about pore geometry.
Responses of non-primed or primed seeds of 'Marketmore 76' cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) slurry coated with Trichoderma species to planting in growth media infested with Pythium aphanidermatum.

Abstract Aqueous slurries of commercial preparations of Trichoderma harzianum Rifai strain KRL-AG2 G41 (Th), T. virens Strain G-41 (Tv), or their combination (ThTv, at half rates each of the single application rate) were applied to ‘Marktetmore 76’ cucumber seeds (Cucumis sativus L.) that were non-primed or primed for 3 days at 25 °C either osmotically (−2.5 MPa from 0.337 molal Ca(NO3)2) or osmomatrically (−1.0 MPa from 0.135 molal Ca(NO3)2 plus −1.5 MPa from 50% water in exfoliated grade 5 vermiculite). Slurries were applied to seeds (1 mg per seed) either before or after priming. Seeds were sown in soilless, peat-based media with or without inoculation with Pythium aphanidermatum (Pa). Protection against damping-off caused by high pressures of Pa (16% emergence in non-coated, non-primed seeds) was increased by slurry coating Th on non-primed (76.4% emergence) or on osmotically primed seeds, with coating either before or after priming having no effect on efficacy (average 62.6% emergence). Slurry coating Th on osmomatrically primed seeds failed to increase final emergence percentage (FEP). Colony forming units per three seeds (CFU, all 103) was 2.8 for non-primed seeds, and 3.2 and 2.6, respectively, when osmotically and osmomatrically primed seeds were coated after priming. In a second study with lower disease pressure (58.1 FEP from non-coated, non-primed seeds), slurry coating of non-primed or osmotically primed seeds with Th, Tv or ThTv reduced percentage damping-off and increased FEP. The combination coating eliminated damping-off only in non-primed seeds, and tended to reduce percentage damping-off in osmotically or osmomatrically primed seeds compared to coating with Th or Tv alone. In a third study using only non-primed seeds, slurry coatings with mefenoxam fungicide, Th, Tv, or ThTv decreased total damping-off to 2.6%, 7.4%, 2.0%, and 0%, respectively, from the 30.1% occurring in non-coated seeds. Th, Tv or ThTv applied to growth media at the same rate as the seed coating (1 mg per seed) were generally as effective as the seed coatings, and only the ThTv growth medium application eliminated damping-off. A fourth experiment revealed that Th, Tv or ThTv remained viable on non-primed seeds for up to 4 weeks (the longest storage duration) at 21 or 4 °C, but 21 °C storage resulted in faster seed germination by week 3 and higher CFU per three seeds by week 4. In summary, coating of non-primed seeds with Th, Tv or ThTv was more effective than coating primed seeds in reducing percentage damping-off. While priming treatments generally led to faster seedling emergence and greater seedling shoot fresh weight than was achieved with non-primed seeds, only for non-primed seeds was damping-off eliminated by the ThTv seed coating or growth medium application.