cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Communication: HK propagator uniformized along a one-dimensional manifold in weakly anharmonic systems.

A simplification of the Heller-Herman-Kluk-Kay (HK) propagator is presented that does not suffer from the need for an increasing number of trajectories with dimensions of the system under study. This is accomplished by replacing HK’s uniformizing integral over all of phase space by a one-dimensional curve that is appropriately selected to lie along the fastest growing manifold of a defining trajectory. It is shown that this modification leads to eigenspectra of quantum states in weakly anharmonic systems that can outperform the comparatively computationally cheap thawed Gaussian approximation method and frequently approach the accuracy of spectra obtained with the full HK propagator.
EQUATIONS OF HYDRODYNAMICS IN GENERAL RELATIVITY IN THE SLOW MOTION APPROXIMATION

By means of a formal solution to the Einstein gravitational field equations a slow motion expansion in inverse powers of the speed of light is developed for the metric tensor. The formal solution, which satisfies the deDonder coordinate conditions and the Trautman outgoing radiation condition, is in the form of an integral equation which is solved iteratively. A stress-energy tensor appropriate to a perfect fluid is assumed and all orders of the metric needed to obtain the equations of motion and conserved quantities to the 21/2post-Newtonian approximation are found. The results are compared to those obtained in another gauge by S. Chandrasekhar. In addition, the relation of the fast motion approximation to the slow motion approximation is examined.
The Growing Commercialization of Schools: Issues and Practices

Over the past seven years there has been a tremendous influx of commercial marketing efforts in grades from kindergarten to twelfth grade. Other than anecdotal reports, little is known about the extent of these commercial efforts or about the attitudes of teachers, administrators, students, parents, and the public at large toward this increasing commercial presence. This article is intended to be the first in a series of research projects aimed at better understanding this phenomenon and its impact on children.
A New Method for Computing the Mean Center of Population of the United States

The mean center of population of the United States is a convenient location used to summarize the population distribution of the United States and how it changes over time. As computed by the U.S. Census Bureau, the center depends on an arbitrary choice of a map projection. We feel that this location should depend only on the population distribution and not on any choices made in representing the data of the distribution. This note discusses a method for computing this location that does not depend on any choices made and describes how the results of this method differ from those of the Census Bureau.
Liquid settlement, resettlement, slosh wave excitation and geyser motion during during reorientation in microgravity

Abstract A key objective of cryogenic fluid management of the spacecraft propulsion system is to develop the technology necessary for acquisition or positioning of liquid and vapor within a tank in reduced gravity to enable liquid outflow or vapor venting. Resettlement or reorientation of liquid propellant can be accomplished by providing the optimal impulsive acceleration to the spacecraft such that the propellant is reoriented over the tank outlet. Characteristics of slosh waves of various frequencies excited by the resettling flow field are discussed. Slosh wave excitations shift the fluid mass distribution in the container which impose time dependent variations in spacecraft moment of inertia. This information is important for spacecraft control during the course of liquid reorientation.
Kinetic Study of Scale Inhibitor Precipitation in Squeeze Treatment

Oilfield formation damage by scale formation can occur when two incompatible brine streams are mixed. A common method for preventing scale formation is the use of chemical scale inhibitors such as aminotri(methylene phosphonic acid) (ATMP). Scale inhibitors are injected and retained in the reservoir by adsorption and/or precipitation. The induction time, the period between the establishment of supersaturation and the detection of a new phase, is a measure of the ability of an inhibitor solution to remain in the metastable state. As a result, long induction times allow transport of inhibitor fluids into the near-wellbore regions without precipitation of the scale inhibitor and subsequent formation damage. In this study, an induction time model is applied to precipitation of the inhibitor (ATMP) with Ca2+ ions. The nucleation kinetics can be described by classical nucleation theory. Solution equilibrium was calculated by accounting for inhibitor dissociation and cation−inhibitor complexing as a function of ...
College Students' Perceptions and Attitudes Toward the Selection of Study Abroad Programs

The number of U.S. students who participated in study abroad programs has increased by 5% in the past decade. The main goal of this study is to understand the motivations and attitudes of students toward the selection of study abroad programs. Approximately 600 undergraduate students from a land-grant university in the Southeastern U.S. were randomly invited to participate in this study. Participants were approached at the 2 main entrances of the campus library due to its popularity, accessibility, convenient location, and diverse uses. A total of 192 usable surveys were collected in fall 2005. The survey instrument included three sections: (a) students' behaviors during their leisure trips, (b) students' perceptions toward study abroad programs and during an on-site trip, and (c) demographic profiles. Based on the results, promotional strategies for study abroad programs should highlight summer programs lasting 2 to 4 weeks. Opportunities for touring and social contact at low prices are also attractive t...
Inhibition of Key Digestive Enzymes by Cocoa Extracts and Procyanidins

This study determined the in vitro inhibitory effects of cocoa extracts and procyanidins against pancreatic α-amylase (PA), pancreatic lipase (PL), and secreted phospholipase A(2) (PLA(2)) and characterized the kinetics of such inhibition. Lavado, regular, and Dutch-processed cocoa extracts as well as cocoa procyanidins (degree of polymerization (DP) = 2-10) were examined. Cocoa extracts and procyanidins dose-dependently inhibited PA, PL, and PLA(2). Lavado cocoa extract was the most potent inhibitor (IC(50) = 8.5-47 μg/mL). An inverse correlation between log IC(50) and DP (R(2) > 0.93) was observed. Kinetic analysis suggested that regular cocoa extract, the pentamer, and decamer inhibited PL activity in a mixed mode. The pentamer and decamer noncompetitively inhibited PLA(2) activity, whereas regular cocoa extract inhibited PLA(2) competitively. This study demonstrates that cocoa polyphenols can inhibit digestive enzymes in vitro and may, in conjunction with a low-calorie diet, play a role in body weight management.
Reversible optical control of conjugated polymer solubility with sub-micrometer resolution.

Organic electronics promise to provide flexible, large-area circuitry such as photovoltaics, displays, and light emitting diodes that can be fabricated inexpensively from solutions. A major obstacle to this vision is that most conjugated organic materials are miscible, making solution-based fabrication of multilayer or micro- to nanoscale patterned films problematic. Here we demonstrate that the solubility of prototypical conductive polymer poly(3-hexylthiophene) (P3HT) can be reversibly “switched off” using high electron affinity molecular dopants, then later recovered with light or a suitable dedoping solution. Using this technique, we are able to stack mutually soluble materials and laterally pattern polymer films by evaporation or with light, achieving sub-micrometer, optically limited feature sizes. After forming these structures, the films can be dedoped without disrupting the patterned features; dedoped films have identical optical characteristics, charge carrier mobilities, and NMR spectra as as-c...
Tetrahydrobiopterin uptake into rat brain synaptosomes, cultured PC12 cells, and rat striatum

Abstract The uptake of (6R)-5,6,7,8-tetrahydro- l -biopterin (BH 4 ) was investigated in rat brain synaptosomes, cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells, and rat striatum (control and depleted of dopamine neurons) following peripheral administration. A linear, non-saturable, concentration-dependent intracellular accumulation was observed when BH 4 was added to either synaptosomes or PC12 cells. The uptake of BH 4 , in contrast to that of serotonin uptake into synaptosomes or norepinephrine (NE) uptake into PC12 cells, was not dependent on glucose or extracellular sodium. Stimulation of tryptophan hydroxylation in synaptosomes by incubation with 5 μM tryptophan (which increases utilization of BH 4 in serotonergic cells) did not alter BH 4 uptake. In rats with unilateral 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) lesions of dopamine neurons, BH 4 uptake was the same in control and lesioned striatum following peripheral administration. These results indicate that neurons and PC12 cells do not appear to have a specific membrane carrier for BH 4 and that BH 4 uptake into cells is due to passive diffusion.
Innovative image formation: coherency controlled imaging

Two types of innovative imaging systems are studied. One is the system with non-incoherent effective source and the other is the system with non-coherent pupil function. When the optics are configured in such a way that a certain pattern would be illuminated by a group of waves diffracted by the pattern itself or an exactly the same pattern, the effective source can be made no longer incoherent. Then the coherence of the effective source can be a new parameter to improve image quality. The simulation shows that the contrast of L/S pattern imaging under the off-axis illumination, for instance, can be boosted up to 99.5% with this system, while to only 90.6% with conventional optics. A new pupil filter is proposed; the area of which is divided into some annular zones to be made mutually incoherent. Then the phase difference becomes less crucial and large DOF can be achieved. The simulation shows that this filter is effective for the exposure of contact hole patterns.
Interferon action in triply deficient mice reveals the existence of alternative antiviral pathways.

Abstract Antiviral proteins encoded by the interferon (IFN)-stimulated genes provide a front-line defense against viral infections. In particular, PKR, RNase L, and Mx are considered to be the principal proteins through which IFNs mount an antiviral state. To determine whether alternative antiviral pathways exist, RNase L−/− mice and PKR−/− mice were crossed onto an Mx1−/− background to generate a strain of triply deficient (TD) mice. After infections with encephalomyocarditis virus, the TD mice died 3–4 days earlier than infected, wild-type mice. However, there was an IFN dose-dependent increase in survival times after encephalomyocarditis virus infections for both the TD and wild-type mice. Mice that were deficient for PKR or RNase L showed intermediate survival times between those of the TD and wild-type mice. Surprisingly, cultured embryonic fibroblasts lacking RNase L, PKR, or both proteins were still able to mount a substantial residual antiviral response against encephalomyocarditis virus or vesicular stomatitis virus after IFN-α treatments. These results confirm the antiviral functions of RNase L and PKR in vivo but also provide unequivocal evidence for the existence of novel, innate immune pathways against viruses.
Cohomology of finite-dimensional connected cocommutative Hopf algebras

Abstract The May spectral sequence for the cohomology of an algebra is based on filtering the algebra by powers of its augmentation ideal. We discuss conditions for this spectral sequence to stop at a finite stage when applied to a connected cocommutative Hopf algebra. These conditions are satisfied for the subalgebras of the Steenrod algebra A ( n ) for p = 2 and P ( n ) for p > 2. The Ivanovskiĭ spectral sequence for the cohomology of a Hopf algebra is conceptually dual to the May spectral sequence. It is obtained by filtering by copowers of the unit co-ideal. If A is a finitely generated connected cocommutative Hopf algebra, then the E 1 -term is easily computable. Under these circumstances we show this spectral sequence stops at a finite stage.
Water integration in the clonal emergent hydrophyte, Justicia americana : benefits of acropetal water transfer from mother to daughter ramets

Clonal plant growth is common in aquatic freshwater plants and their success is largely attributed to the sharing of resources (e.g., photosynthates, minerals, and water) within the greater genet. The flow of materials within the clone is largely driven by source-sink dynamics, and in established genets may involve acropetal and/or basipetal flow. During the production of new ramets, however, the mother often provides needed resources to the daughter through acropetal flow. In this study, we consider the role of water sharing in a clonal hydrophyte, Justicia americana, when soil moisture levels around the daughter plant declined. The results of this study indicate that acropetal water sharing is an important function between mother and daughter ramets in this species, as indicated by sustained growth and higher survival in connected daughters residing in water-deprived soils. Interestingly, mother plants, when connected to a drought daughter, began to develop similar xeromorphic features (e.g., greater leaf succulence) even though the parent remained in flooded conditions. We suspect that some physical or chemical signal was conveyed from the daughter to the mother that “forecast” water scarcities, which could prepare the entire genet for potential drought conditions.
Management of acute ischemic stroke. What is the role of tPA and antithrombotic agents

Every patient with acute stroke who presents to a medical center that has appropriate resources should undergo evaluation for intravenous tPA therapy. Such therapy should not be given unless the patient meets strict eligibility criteria based on clinical, radiographic, and laboratory data. Intra-arterial thrombolysis may be a promising alternative to intravenous tPA therapy, but it should still be regarded as experimental. Daily aspirin therapy should be initiated immediately in most patients who do not receive intravenous tPA therapy and after 24 hours in most patients who receive this treatment. Measures should be taken to prevent medical complications, such as aspiration pneumonia, deep vein thrombosis, contractures, and pressure sores. Early initiation of rehabilitation can maximize stroke recovery. Whenever feasible, institutions should have stroke teams or units to streamline care and provide expertise for patients with acute stroke.
Organizational Change Management: A Test of the Effectiveness of a Communication Plan

In a climate of continuous change, organizations must constantly adapt to survive even while unceasing demands to adapt can create change fatigue and resistance among personnel. A theoretically grounded change management communication plan that was hypothesized to ease accommodation was tested in a large public sector organization as it underwent major restructuring. Findings indicate that personnel beliefs supporting the restructuring that were targeted in the communication plan accounted for 66% of the variance in receptivity to the new structure, 57% of the variance in motivation to make the new structure a success, and 42% of the variance in pessimism about the change.
A note on the structure of the goal‐programming model: assessment and evaluation

Goal programming is an extension of linear programming. Suggests that, although linear programming is used widely in decision‐making processes, it has a major limitation which restricts the users of the technique to narrowing their problems to a single objective function. Goal programming was developed to handle problems with multiple objectives. Proposes that used properly, this technique can be excellent in strategic planning. Shows how the improper structure of a goal programming model induces misleading results.
Development and Factor Analysis of the Student Resistance to Schooling Inventory

The purpose of this study was to develop an instrument measuring high school student resistance to schooling and investigate the factorial validity of the instrument. A 47-item instrument, Student Resistance to Schooling Inventory (SRSI), was constructed. The instrument was administered to 646 high school students in ametropolitan school district in the Midwest. A factor analysis employing principal components extraction procedures with oblique rotation was used to examine the construct validity of the SRSI. The factor analysis and instrument modification resulted in a 25-item instrument for measuring student resistance to schooling.
Efficient and Effective Uses of Technology in Community Research

Abstract This paper describes how a research team at DePaul University is applying recent advances in technology to facilitate the implementation of a large-scale, community research project. The application of technology by members of the social sciences has often focused on advances in computational technologies to provide faster and more sophisticated ways to analyze data. However, there is less documentation of how technology can provide opportunities to improve the way scientists conduct community research. Social and community interventions can profit from technological innovations to alleviate difficulties in collecting, processing, managing, archiving, and sharing data. If researchers within the field of community psychology become more knowledgeable and competent in the use of technology, larger and more complex projects can be implemented in an efficient and effective manner.
Evaluation of DSM-IV personality disorder criteria as assessed by the structured clinical interview for DSM-IV personality disorders.

The primary objective of this research was to investigate the psychometric and diagnostic efficiency properties of DSM-IV personality disorder (PD) criteria as assessed by the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Personality Disorders (SCID-II). Logistic regression analyses were also employed to identify discriminating and nondiscriminating diagnostic criteria within specific PD categories. Results based on a community sample of 149 psychotropic medication-free persons, 58% of whom had at least one PD as determined from the SCID-II, suggest problems with the assessment and/or conceptualization of some PD categories, most notably obsessive-compulsive PD. For many PD concepts, diagnostic criteria were identified that either detracted from the overall internal consistency and diagnostic efficiency of their associated PD criteria set or failed to uniquely discriminate individuals with specific PDs from those without. Most of these findings cannot be clearly attributed to limitations associated with the method used to assess PD criteria.
Muscle development in squid: Ultrastructural differentiation of a specialized muscle fiber type.

The ultrastructural differentiation of two muscle fiber types of the squid Sepioteuthis lessoniana was correlated with development of prey-capture behavior. Transmission electron microscopy was used to document the differentiation of the fast-contracting cross-striated muscle cells of the tentacles and the obliquely striated muscle cells of the arms of specimens sampled at one week intervals from hatching to 5 weeks. By using high-speed video recordings, the ultrastructural differentiation was correlated with changes in prey-capture behavior that occur during development and growth. The ultrastructural analysis focused on the muscle cells of the transverse muscle of the tentacles and the transverse muscle of the arms. For the first 2 weeks after hatching, the tentacle transverse muscle fibers do not show the adult ultrastructure and are indistinguishable from the obliquely striated fibers of the transverse muscle of the arms. Transverse striation of the tentacle muscle cells appears at approximately three weeks and adult ultrastructure is present by 4-5 weeks after hatching. The high-speed video recordings show correlated behavioral changes. During the first 2-3 weeks after hatching, the animals use a different prey-capture mode from the adults; they jet forward and capture the prey with splayed arms and tentacles rather than employing the rapid tentacular strike. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Further characterization of turkey trypsin: End groups and sequence of histidine-containing peptides

Abstract Crystalline turkey trypsin has been characterized with respect to amino acid composition, end groups, and sequence of amino acids in the vicinity of its three histidine residues. Although amino acid composition and peptide maps indicated dissimilarities in primary structure from mammalian trypsins, the N- and C-terminal residues of turkey trypsin, isoleucine and asparagine, respectively, were identical to those of bovine and porcine trypsin. Five histidine-containing peptides were isolated from a peptic digest of the acid-insoluble core prodviced by the tryptic digestion of reduced and carboxymethylated turkey trypsin. From these five peptides the sequence of amino acids surrounding the three histidine residues could be reconstructed. A high degree of structural homology of these sequences with the histidine regions of bovine and porcine trypsin was evident.
Evolutionary Genetics: Inheritance of a Complex Pollination Syndrome

How adaptive traits that are controlled by multiple genes evolve is an intriguing question in evolutionary genetics. A recent study shows that tight linkage allows genes that contribute to a multitrait pollination syndrome to be inherited together as a unit.
Dialect Readers Revisited

Abstract Recent linguistics research on African American Vernacular English (AAVE) shows little of the concern with educational issues that was evident 20 or 30 years ago, but the educational problems to which we thought we could contribute then remain very real. For instance, the scores of low income African American youth on standardized tests of reading are extremely low, and this raises the question of whether dialect readers—first proposed by linguists in the 1960's—might be worth reconsidering today as one strategy for improving the reading performance of AAVE speakers. We first review the existing literature on dialect readers, noting the theoretical arguments which were articulated in their favor, the experimental evidence of their effectiveness in increasing reading comprehension, and the negative attitudes which led to their disfavoring and disuse. We then present the results of three new mini-studies of dialect readers in Northern California elementary and junior high schools, reporting that the AAVE versions were preferred by many of the students (particularly boys) and that it enhanced reading comprehension in one of the two coses in which this was tested. We conclude that dialect readers represent a viable alternative for teaching AAVE speakers to read, and that linguists should, with renewed vigor, resume research on this and other methods of teaching reading. However, we identify several lessons—for instance, the importance of community involvement—which should be learned from prior research on this subject.
El papel de los estudios lingüísticos en la investigación psicosocial: el caso de las pasiones y los sentimientos.

Assuming conversation as the principal model for understanding social episodes, this work aims at presenting a new paradigm in social psychology, exploring its contributions to psychosocial research. Linguistic skills are presented as the way through which social episodes are constructed, and notions as action, act and position are plotted as useful notions for the understanding of daily life. Then, the application of these notions takes place through examples of emotions, passions and feelings. The conclusion is that this new paradigm in social psychology offers the opportunity to overcome problems from the psychology of a different culture or psychopathology.
The mechanical design of a proton microscope for radiography at 800 MeV

A proton microscope has been developed for radiography applications using the 800-MeV linear accelerator at the Los Alamos Neutron Science Center (LANSCE). The microscope provides a magnified image of a static device, or of a dynamic event such as a high-speed projectile impacting a target. The microscope assembly consists primarily of four Permanent Magnet Quadrupoles (PMQ's) that are supported on movable platforms. The platform supports, along with the rest of the support structure, are designed to withstand the residual dynamic loads that are expected from the dynamic tests. This paper covers the mechanical design of the microscope assembly, including the remote positioning system that allows for fine-tuning the focus of an object being imaged.
A hybrid 3D segmentation framework

Classical segmentation methods such as region-based methods and boundary-based methods cannot make full use of the information provided in an image. In this paper we present our hybrid framework that allows us to solve a large variety of 3D medical image segmentation problems. The framework integrates Gibbs Prior models, marching cubes, and deformable models. First, Gibbs Prior models are applied onto each slice in a medical volume and the segmentation results are combined to form a 3D binary mask of the object. Then we create a deformable mesh based on this 3D binary mask using marching cubes. The deformable model will then converge to edge features in the volume with the help of image derived external forces. Then we update the parameters of Gibbs Prior models using the deformable segmentation result. These modules work recursively to reach a segmentation solution. The hybrid segmentation framework is implemented using ITK and has been used to segment various clinical objects. Finally, we demonstrate high quality 3D segmentation results.
Science, sovereignty, and the third law of the Sea Conference

Abstract The international law of marine scientific research is currently in flux. Efforts are under way at the Third Law of the Sea Conference to produce a treaty that, among other things, would make the law of research more uniform and certain. Sortie areas of disagreement certainly still exist in the Conference negotiations. Nonetheless, the negotiations have produced proposed treaty provisions concerning the law of research that have met with substantial approval. At this point, it does not appear likely that the Conference will produce major alterations in the main body of these provisions. These proposed treaty provisions indicate the future direction the law of research will take. Even if a workable treaty does not result from the negotiations, these provisions will undoubtedly inform customary international law. This article examines both the areas of agreement and the areas of disagreement at the Third Law of the Sea Conference in an effort to understand the probable future legal regime under whi...
Immune Dysfunction and Dental Caries: A Preliminary Report

This study was undertaken in order to correlate the immune status of persons with various types of immune dysfunctions with the incidence of dental caries. Preliminary data on caries experience and the microbial composition of plaque in these individuals are presented. The findings suggest that persons with immunoglobulin dysfunctions have a greater susceptibility to dental caries and have a greater frequency of harboring S mutans than do normal persons.
Properties of entire solutions of non-uniformly elliptic equations arising in geometry and in phase transitions

(1.2) div Φσ(u,Du) = Φξ(u,Du). Using compactness methods based on the translation invariance of the equation (1.2), and a priori estimates in C1 norm, we prove various properties of bounded entire solutions of (1.2), such as a sharp inequality for the gradient, energy monotonicity and optimal growth, Liouville type results, and one-dimensional symmetry. An important role in this program is played by the function
Testing alternative kinetic models for utilization of crystalline cellulose (Avicel) by batch cultures of Clostridium thermocellum.

Descriptive kinetics of batch cellulose (Avicel) and cellobiose fermentation by Clostridium thermocellum were examined with residual substrate and biosynthate concen- trations inferred based on elemental analysis. Biosynthate was formed in constant proportion to substrate consumption until substrate was exhausted for cellobiose fermentation, and until near the point of substrate exhaustion for cellulose fermentation. Cell yields (g pellet biosynthate carbon/ g substrate carbon) of 0.214 and 0.200 were obtained for cellulose and cellobiose, respectively. For cellulose fermenta- tion a sigmoidal curve fit was applied to substrate and biosynthate concentrations over time, which was then differentiated to calculate instantaneous rates of growth and substrate consumption. Three models were tested to describe the kinetics of Avicel utilization by C. thermocellum: (A) first order in cells, (B) first order in substrate, and (C) first order in cells and substrate, and second order overall. Models (A) and (B) have been proposed in the literature to describe cultures of cellulolytic microorganisms, whereas model (C) has not. Of the three models tested, model (c) provided by far the best fit to batch culture data. A second order rate constant equal to 0.735 L g C � 1 h � 1 was found for utilization of Avicel by C. thermocellum. Adding an endogenous metabolism term improved the descriptive quality of the model as substrate exhaustion was approached. Such rate constants may in the future find utility for describing and comparing cellulose fermentation involving other microbes and other substrates. Biotechnol. Bioeng. 2013;xxx: xx-xx.
Providing assessable information on effectiveness of maintenance treatments for bipolar disorder to psychiatrists and patients.

ABSTRACT FROM: Miura T, Noma H, Furukawa TA , et al . Comparative efficacy and tolerability of pharmacological treatments in the maintenance treatment of bipolar disorder: a systematic review and network meta-analysis. Lancet Psychiatry 2014;1:351–9. Randomised studies have established that bipolar disorders (BD) are chronic and that maintenance treatments are needed to minimise subsyndromal symptoms and associated social and functional morbidity. The authors identified randomised controlled trials published between 1970 and 2012 that compared active treatments for BD with placebo for at least 12 weeks. The primary outcomes were the number of participants with recurrence of any mood episode and the number of participants who discontinued the trial because of adverse events. The authors considered studies (open and blinded) of mood stabilisers, antidepressants, antipsychotics and anticonvulsants. Secondary outcomes included: the number of participants who had depressive, manic, hypomanic or mixed episodes, respectively; those who discontinued treatment for any reason, including relapse; and the number of …
State Estimation and Optimal Control of Nonlinear Continuous Fermentation Processes

The paper describes the problems concerning computer state estimation and optimal control of continuous fermentation processes. At the beginning the mathematical model of continuous fermentation proceses are investigated. Then the model linearisation and discretization are studied. Finally the adaptive estimation of unmeasurable states by extended Kalman filter and optimal control of considered processes are discussed.
Slow, stochastic transgene repression with properties of a timer

When gene expression varies unpredictably between genetically identical organisms, this is sometimes ascribed as stochastic. With the prevalence of retroviral vectors, stochastic repression is often observed and can complicate the interpretation of outcomes. But it may also faithfully reflect characteristics of sites in the genome. We created and identified several cell clones in which, within a given cell, retroviral transcription of a transgene was repressed heritably and essentially irreversibly. This repression was relatively slow; total repression in all cells took months. We observed the dynamics of repression and found that they were ergodic, that is, tending with a probability to a final state independent of previous conditions. Different positions of the transgene in the genome demonstrated different dynamics. At a position on mouse chromosome 9, repression abided by near perfect first-order kinetics and was highly reproducible, even under conditions where the number of cell generations per day varied. We propose that such a cell division independent 'off' mechanism could play a role in endogenous gene expression, potentially providing an epigenetically based timer for extended periods.
Determination of Low Levels of Methanol in Crude Oils by Multi-dimensional Gas Chromatography (MDGC) Using Novel Micro Channel Flow Technology

The accurate and precise determination of methanol in crude oils at concentrations less than 10 ppm is of economic value to the petroleum industry. This report presents the optimization, results and long term performance of a flow switching device MDGC hardware, the Swafer™, for the rapid and precise analysis of methanol from approximately 0.4 ppm (w/w) to 1000 ppm. The use of low temperature injection and backflush technique decreases maintenance and increases sample throughput. The short term quantitative percent relative standard deviations at 1, 30 and 1000 ppm (w/w) methanol in crude oils are 5, 3 and 0.3, respectively. The MDGC procedure follows closely that described in ASTM D7059 for determination of crude oils; however, D7059 previously has not been evaluated at concentrations of less than 10 ppm. This work further extends the application of D7059 to concentrations of <10 ppm.
Extending the Brewer-Nash model to a multilevel context

It is shown how the Brewer-Nash Chinese wall model can be extended to a policy for handling the aggregation problem in a multilevel context. A lattice-based information flow policy that can be integrated into both the multilevel and Drewer-Nash context is derived. This information flow policy is used to develop a security policy described in terms of labeled subjects accessing labeled objects that will make it possible to construct a system that prevents users from accessing aggregates that they are not cleared to see. >
Seafloor-precipitated carbonate fans in the Neoproterozoic Rainstorm Member, Johnnie Formation, Death Valley Region, USA

Cm-sized carbonate seafloor fans occur in the Neoproterozoic Rainstorm Member of the Johnnie Formation, Death Valley, USA. The fans formed in a mixed carbonate-clastic succession near storm wave base at the base of parasequences on a storm-dominated ramp. Petrographic observations indicate that the fans were originally precipitated as aragonite and later inverted to calcite during diagenesis. Although not directly dated, the Rainstorm Member preserves a large magnitude negative carbon isotopic anomaly (down to −11‰ PDB) tentatively correlated to the largest known carbon isotope excursion found in many stratigraphic successions around the world between 585 Ma and 550 Ma. Thus, the age distribution of seafloor aragonite fans in Neoproterozoic strata appears more widespread than previously thought, occurring in strata significantly younger than the last widespread Neoproterozoic glaciation. Rainstorm Member carbonate fans and oolitic units (representing time-correlative shallower environments) record similar carbon isotope ratios during the negative carbon isotopic anomaly. The carbon isotopic homogeneity displayed between fans and other carbonate sediments implies that waters across the shelf were well-mixed rather than stratified during the late Neoproterozoic isotopic anomaly. In addition, the similarity of carbon isotope ratios shared among fans along a stratigraphic horizon (on a m- to cm-scales) suggests that the local source of alkalinity required for fan growth was derived from a well-mixed reservoir, likely seawater, rather than local diagenetic fluids. Increased alkalinity and the presence of inhibitors to carbonate nucleation (perhaps Fe2+ under anoxic conditions) likely fostered precipitation of aragonite crystal fans on the seafloor.
TCP performance analysis of a DMT-based ADSL system

This paper examines the performance of TCP, the Internet data transport protocol, over a DMT-based ADSL system. Specifically, we attempt to develop a basic understanding, using analysis and simulation, of the properties of TCP over an ADSL system. The following key results are obtained. First, high error probability leads to significant throughput deterioration. Second, there is an optimal data rate which will maximize the TCP throughput under constraint energy. We conclude the paper by presenting the preliminary analytical and simulation results.
Temporal-based pericranial flaps for orbitofrontal Dural repair: A technical note and Review of the literature

Abstract Introduction Pericranial flaps are widely used for dural repair as they are easily accessible and have a lower rate of infection than artificial grafts. Vascularized flaps increase the rate of successful dural closure and minimize the risk of cerebrospinal fluid leak and infection. However, regional access can be limited by the necessity of maintaining the vascularized pedicle. Classically, frontal-based vascularized flaps have been used for dural repair after orbitalfrontal approaches to large anterior fossa meningiomas. We present an alternative lateral temporal-based flap for dural repair in orbitalfrontal approaches. Surgical Technique & Methods Two cases are presented where a temporal-based flap was used. In the two cases presented, we found that temporal-based pericranial flaps can be harvested with preservation of blood supply and can achieve watertight dural closure. The surgical technique and relevant anatomy are described. Surgical results and clinic follow up are reported. Conclusions A temporal-based pericranial flap represents an alternative vascularized pedicle flap to the classic frontal-based pericranial flap used in orbitofrontal dural repair. In certain clinical settings, the temporal-based flap may be preferable.
Screening for Neurodisability in Low-Resource Settings Using the Ten Questions Questionnaire

Very little information is available that can address neurodisability risk across different cultures and low-resource settings. This chapter summarizes the ways in which the ten questions questionnaire (TQQ) has been used to gather epidemiological information and to screen for childhood cognitive, motor, seizure, and sensory disability or delay in low-resource settings. Several validation studies have been done in a variety of locations which show the usefulness of the TQQ as a screening measure. However, its ability to detect developmental disability is limited to that of a screening measure, particularly for gathering epidemiological information across a large number of children. Those children identified by the TQQ to be at risk for disability should be assessed with more thorough diagnostic measures in order to specifically address psychiatric, neurological, neurocognitive, or neurodevelopmental manifestations of disease.
Modulation of cholinergic neuromuscular transmission by nitric oxide in canine colonic circular smooth muscle.

This study examines the effect of nitric oxide (NO) on cholinergic transmission in strips of canine colonic circular muscle in which neural plexus-pacemaker regions had been removed. Electrical fie...
Indulgent Employment? Careers in the Arts for People with Disabilities

This Article explores developments in the Americans with Disabilities Act and social security programs that have shaped the education and employment prospects of artists with disabilities. Success in the arts depends on reaching certain benchmarks of excellence and talent, and often people with disabilities are overlooked and underappreciated for this kind of selective employment. Moving from barriers in higher education to those in employment achievement, this Article fulfills an unmet need in understanding obstacles to coveted, “elite” jobs by examining those barriers through the example of the arts. The National Endowment for the Arts and the Kennedy Center originally commissioned portions of this Article for a policy paper to inform its planning and discussions for the Second National Summit on Careers in the Arts for People with Disabilities. The author goes farther in this work than in the original policy paper by advancing potential explanations for the underemployment and unemployment of artists with disabilities through the lens of the myth of indulgent employment. When policymakers, service providers, and scholars’ views of appropriate employment goals for people with disabilities are funneled through this myth, talented disabled people are channeled into jobs that are easy to obtain and entirely predictable. Safe and dependable employment may also be unfulfilling and demeaning for people who want to enter the arts and have such talents. Lowered employment expectations for people with disabilities perpetuate views of disabled workers as undesirable, risky, and inferior. These low expectations are reinforced by the disability and social security systems, and even by people with disabilities themselves. Drawing on literature and research from the social sciences, vocational rehabilitation, human resources, and the law, the author ties the minimal advances in the employment status of artists with disabilities to these attitudinal barriers that reify antiquated policy approaches and service delivery at the grassroots and national levels.
ECH/EBW heating of Proto-MPEX plasmas

The Prototype Materials Plasma Exposure Experiment (Proto-MPEX) is a linear, high-intensity RF plasma source1 that requires plasma electron heating in overdense conditions to provide target parameters in the density and temperature range needed for plasma facing material studies. In Proto-MPEX, a dense helicon plasma is produced by ∼100 kW 13.56 MHz RF power and is further heated by 28 GHz microwaves via Electron Bernstein Waves (EBW). Plasma conditions are well diagnosed utilizing several probes and thermal and optical emission diagnostics.
Gabapentin in Phantom Limb Pain Management in Children and Young Adults: Report of Seven Cases

Seven children and young adults with phantom limb pain (PLP) were treated with gabapentin. PLP resolved in six patients within two months. One patient still had symptoms to a lesser degree. Mean follow up time was 1.74 years. Gabapentin may be a useful adjunct to pain management in patients with PLP symptoms.
Cost-Constrained Dynamic Optimal Electric Vehicle Charging

Electric vehicles are an integral component of an environmentally sustainable and resilient infrastructure. Successful penetration of electric vehicles requires close coupling between the customers and load serving entities, adaptive energy markets, and technological advancements. In this paper, distribution line over-loading due to vehicle charging has been mitigated using both day-ahead (static) and real-time (dynamic) frameworks, using continuous and discrete charging rates. The proposed solution focuses on valley filling (system perspective) and charging cost reduction (customer perspective). The real-time solution was achieved using a moving horizon optimization technique. In addition to providing charging coordination, the impacts of two different pricing structures were analyzed to ascertain the customer's individual cost optima with respect to the system optima. The results presented strongly indicate that a global pricing structure will not be optimal for all consumers due to their diverse driving habits.
Phononic and Phasonic Debye-Waller Factors for 1D Quasicrystals

The main purpose of crystallography is to solve and refine crystal structures based on measured diffraction data. One of important corrections crucial in the refinement process is the Debye–Waller factor correction for phonons in physical, and phasons in perpendicular space. In our paper we show the limitations of the standard approaches to the Debye–Waller correction in case of quasicrystals and propose new approach based on the statistical method. For the model 1D quasicrystal we show that in case of phonons there is no significant objection against classical (exponential) Debye–Waller factor, however using different forms can slightly improve the results of a refinement. In case of phasons the classical formula gives no rise to the efficiency of the refinement and completely new approach is required. We propose a redefinition of the Debye–Waller factor in terms of the statistical approach and show its effectiveness.
Spall damage repair using 3D printing technology

Abstract Concrete road surfaces may crack due to shrinkage from drying. Often, cracks are induced at predetermined locations to solve this problem. However, the impact loads from vehicles are concentrated on these pre-induced transverse joints, often resulting in palm-sized spall damage. Repairing this damage with cast-in-place concrete leads to indirect losses from road blockages that occur during curing. This research presents a new method of repairing spall damage that minimizes indirect loss. A three-dimensional concrete patch is prepared in advance and placed over the damaged area. When using cast-in-place concrete to repair spall damage, road use must be restricted for a minimum of seven days. The proposed method reduces road closure to 2 h. According to the US Department of Transportation guidelines, the proposed method is estimated to reduce indirect losses from road repair from USD $140,000 to USD $1700. A three-dimensional concrete patch attached to a damaged surface can withstand a shear load of up to 15.7 MPa. The proposed method can withstand at least 91% of this load. Moreover, given the friction between the patch and the damaged surface, the structural stability of a concrete patch in response to shear loads may be even greater than 91%. This study presents the proposed methodology and discusses its economic value and structural practicality.
Clinical utility of Foundation One tissue molecular profiling in men with metastatic prostate cancer.

318Background: In the era of precision medicine, significant effort has been placed on identifying clinically actionable molecular targets to aid in the treatment of metastatic prostate cancer (mPC). Recent data supports homologous repair and mismatch repair deficiencies to guide the use of PARP inhibitors/platinum chemotherapy or pembrolizumab, respectively. We analyzed the clinical utility of Foundation One (FO) somatic genomic profiling in men with mPC. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of men with mPC in the Duke Cancer Center who received FO testing 01/2010 - 04/2017. We asked whether FO testing identified actionable genomic lesions that led to a change in clinical practice, and if men benefited from this novel genomic matched approach to treatment. Results: We identified 77 men with FO tests. Of these, 77% (59/77) had adequate tissue for FO testing. 76% had mCRPC, 42% had > 3 prior systemic therapies (enzalutamide 51%, docetaxel 39%, abiraterone 41%, sip-T 34%, radium-223 22%). The most c...