cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Parathyroid carcinoma in multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 with a classic germline mutation.

ABSTRACT Objective To report the case of a patient with multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 (MEN 1) syndrome with concomitant parathyroid carcinoma and a classic MEN1 germline mutation. Methods We present the clinical findings, laboratory results, imaging studies, and surgical histopathologic features in a woman with MEN 1 syndrome and concomitant parathyroid carcinoma. We also review the literature regarding patients with similar clinical entities and the use of adjuvant radiotherapy for parathyroid carcinoma. Results A 53-year-old woman presented with nausea and severe primary hyperparathyroidism. Computed tomography revealed parathyroid masses, shown later to be bilateral parathyroid carcinomas and adenomas. Magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a pituitary macroadenoma, and gastrinomas were confirmed by computed tomography and a secretin stimulation test. She was successfully treated with total thyroidectomy, subtotal parathyroidectomy, and adjuvant radiotherapy. Genetic analysis revealed a classic MEN1 germline mutation. Conclusion This report describes a patient with parathyroid carcinoma occurring in conjunction with MEN 1, further characterizing this rare condition. In contrast to previously described patients, our patient is the first with a classic MEN1 germline mutation, confirming that parathyroid cancer can occur in association with classic MEN 1 genetics. (Endocr Pract. 2009;15:567-572)
Fission tracks and cooling rates of meteorites.

Recent work on fission track studies of meteorite samples to obtain cooling rates of metetorite parent bodies is reviewed. The cooling rates of chondrites are in excess of 1oK/106 yr. Fission track studies of phosphate grains in mesosiderites do not support the extremely slow cooling rates of 0°1oK/108 yr for these meteorites, inferred from metallographic studies. The accumulating evidence from fission track studies indicates a gross underestimation of the cooling rates of meteorites as determined by the metallographic techniques.
Water permeation through elastomer laminates: 3. Neoprene/styrene-butadiene rubber

Abstract Permeation rates and activation parameters for the transport of water and 3.5% sodium chloride solution through laminates comprised of Neoprene (CR) and styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) have been measured at 23°C, 40°C and 60°C. Sodium chloride solution exhibited higher permeation rates than distilled water and the laminates showed a slight directional character with salt water. Also for salt water a reduction of permeation rates compared with the calculated average was observed. However, for the distilled water, essentially no directional behaviour (valving) was observed and no significant differences from calculated averages occurred, except at 60°C. These findings for distilled water are contrary to those found for other laminates. The temperature dependence of permeation rate had an Arrhenius behaviour. Observed activation energies were found to be lower for membranes which exhibited high permeation rates. Furthermore, the measured permeation rates are satisfactorily explained in the light of free volume concepts of diffusion.
National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) as An Early Predictor of Poststroke Dysphagia

Abstract Background Despite the availability of multiple comprehensive screening methods to detect dysphagia during acute stroke care, consensus is lacking as to the best practice. Our previous study demonstrated favorable sensitivity of the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) compared with a bedside 3-sip test. However, the FIM is challenging to administer during acute stroke care. The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) is administered routinely in the emergency department. Objective To evaluate the utility of the NIHSS as a predictor of clinically relevant poststroke dysphagia compared with FIM data in the same cohort. Design Retrospective analysis. Setting Academic medical center. Patients Individuals with acute stroke who were admitted for acute care and later transferred to acute rehabilitation within the same institution. Methods Clinically relevant dysphagia was defined as aspiration on modified barium swallow or laryngeal penetration on modified barium swallow requiring diet change, or aspiration pneumonia. NIHSS and FIM scores were compiled for all patients. Main Outcome Measurements Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value were calculated for NIHSS and FIM. Sensitivity and specificity of different values of NIHSS and FIM were analyzed via receiver operator characteristic curves. Results Of 290 patients admitted to acute stroke rehabilitation, 88 (30%) manifested clinically relevant dysphagia during their rehabilitation stay. Sensitivity analyses suggested cut-off values for the NIHSS and the FIM of >9 and Conclusions The NIHSS >9 and FIM
The Effects of Stimulus Variation on Lexical Learning

At some early stage in a child's development of the comprehension and production of language, he/she must recognize that single words correspond to referents in the environment. How to best present the critical aspects of the environment to which a verbal label is attached is not entirely known. For language-impaired children it is important to know how to highlight this relationship between linguistic and nonlinguistic cues so that therapy will be most effective. To examine how language-impaired children best learn single word lexical items, nouns and verbs were taught expressively through two modes of stimulus presentation thought to highlight the nonlinguistic environment: object manipulation and picture identification. The efficacy of these two treatment conditions was assessed with four children functioning at Piaget's sensorimotor period of development by using a single subject, alternating treatments design. The results indicated individual variation in learning strategies. Two of the children lear...
Going the (Ethical) Distance

Nearly every day we participate in the vast, interconnected global economy. In doing so, we engage in chains of transactions that ultimately result in our benefiting from, or enabling, wrongdoing by others. In some cases this seems to be in itself wrong, but in many cases it seems unproblematic. I develop a concept of ‘ethical distance’ and argue that our responsibility for the wrongdoing of others is a function of our ethical distance from it. Furthermore, I argue that the concept of moral responsibility is vague, but that when we become clearly responsible for wrongdoing by others, we ought to sever our connection to it.
Barriers to Successful Treatment Completion in Child Sexual Abuse Survivors

Child sexual abuse (CSA) often requires psychological treatment to address the symptoms of victim trauma. Barriers to entry and completion of counseling services can compromise long-term well-being. An integrated medical and mental health evaluation and treatment model of a child advocacy center (CAC) has the potential to reduce barriers to mental health treatment. Objective: (a) to describe characteristics between CSA patients who engage versus those who do not engage in mental health treatment and (b) to identify factors associated with successful completion of mental health treatment goals. For design/setting, a retrospective cohort study was conducted of CSA patients (ages 3-16 years) referred to mental health services following a CAC assessment. Outcome variables included linkage with treatment and completion of treatment. Independent variables included demographics, abuse characteristics, and therapist characteristics. Data were abstracted from the CAC and billing databases. Results: Four hundred ni...
Tidal marshes as a source of optically and chemically distinctive colored dissolved organic matter in the Chesapeake Bay

The role of tidal marshes as a source of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and colored dissolved organic matter (CDOM) for adjacent estuarine waters was studied in the Rhode River subestuary of the Chesapeake Bay. Water in a tidal creek draining brackish, high-elevation marshes was sampled every hour during several semidiurnal tidal cycles in order to examine the tidal exchange of dissolved organic matter (DOM). Water leaving the marsh during ebbing tide was consistently enriched in DOC compared to water entering the marsh during flooding tide. There was a net DOC export from the marsh to the estuary during seasons of both low and high marsh plant biomass. Optical analysis demonstrated that, in addition to contributing to the carbon budgets, the marsh had a strong influence on the estuary’s CDOM dynamics. Marsh-exported CDOM had optical properties that were consistently and markedly different from those of CDOM in the adjacent estuary. Specifically, marsh CDOM had: (1) considerably stronger absorption, (2) larger DOC-specific absorption, (3) lower exponential spectral slope, (4) larger fluorescence signal, (5) lower fluorescence per unit absorbance, and (6) higher fluorescence at wavelengths .400 nm. These optical characteristics are indicative of relatively complex, high-molecular-weight, aromatic-rich DOM, and this was confirmed by results of molecular-weight-distribution analysis. Our findings illustrate the importance of tidal marshes as sources of optically and chemically distinctive dissolved organic compounds, and their influence on CDOM dynamics, DOC budgets, and, thus, photochemical and biogeochemical processes, in adjacent estuarine ecosystems.
Activation of transcription initiation from a stable RNA promoter by a Fis protein-mediated DNA structural transmission mechanism.

Summary The leuV operon of Escherichia coli encodes three of the four genes for the tRNA1Leu isoacceptors. Transcription from this and other stable RNA promoters is known to be affected by a cis-acting UP element and by Fis protein interactions with the carboxyl-terminal domain of the α-subunits of RNA polymerase. In this report, we suggest that transcription from the leuV promoter also is activated by a Fis-mediated, DNA supercoiling-dependent mechanism similar to the IHF-mediated mechanism described previously for the ilvPG promoter (S. D. Sheridan et al., 1998, J Biol Chem 273: 21298–21308). We present evidence that Fis binding results in the translocation of superhelical energy from the promoter-distal portion of a supercoiling-induced DNA duplex destabilized (SIDD) region to the promoter-proximal portion of the leuV promoter that is unwound within the open complex. A mutant Fis protein, which is defective in contacting the carboxyl-terminal domain of the α-subunits of RNA polymerase, remains competent for stimulating open complex formation, suggesting that this DNA supercoiling-dependent component of Fis-mediated activation occurs in the absence of specific protein interactions between Fis and RNA polymerase. Fis-mediated translocation of superhelical energy from upstream binding sites to the promoter region may be a general feature of Fis-mediated activation of transcription at stable RNA promoters, which often contain A+T-rich upstream sequences.
Association between 18F-FDG PET/CT and MRI appearance of spinal leptomeningeal disease before and after treatment at a tertiary referral center

Objective: Leptomeningeal disease (LMD), the presence of metastasis in the subarachnoid space, has devastating implications if left untreated. The gold standard for LMD diagnosis is cytologic analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF); MRI is also used to evaluate suspected LMD. The purpose of this study was to compare the appearance of LMD in the spinal canal on 18 F-FDG PET/CT imaging with the appearance of LMD on MRI and with CSF cytology Methods: In twenty-one patients with cytologically-proven spinal LMD, findings on 18 F-FDG PET/CT, MRI, and CSF cytology at diagnosis of LMD and after the initiation of treatment for LMD were retrospectively reviewed. Results: At diagnosis of LMD, abnormal 18 F-FDG avidity was demonstrated in the spinal canal in six patients, and the anatomic distribution of 18 F-FDG activity corresponded to the sites of LMD on MRI. All six of these patients were then treated with intrathecal chemotherapy. Follow-up 18 F-FDG PET/CT and MRI were obtained in four of the six cases. In all four cases, normalization of 18 F-FDG activity in the spinal canal and reduction of enhancement on MRI corresponded to the cytologic response to treatment, as determined by CSF analysis. Conclusion: 18 F-FDG avidity in the spinal canal greater than the normal contents of the canal can suggest spinal LMD. This abnormal avidity may be detected before the diagnosis of LMD has been established with MRI or CSF cytology. The spinal canal should be routinely evaluated on 18 F-FDG PET/CT in patients with suspected LMD so that appropriate treatment is initiated.
Effect of Dopants on Epitaxial Growth of Silicon Nanowires

We investigated the effects of dopants on epitaxial growth of Si NWs, with an emphasis on synthesizing vertical epitaxial Si NW arrays on Si (111) substrates. We found that addition of boron with a B:Si feed-in atomic ratio greater than 1:1000 improved the percentage of Si NWs grown along the vertical direction to more than 90%, compared to 38% for i-Si NWs. We also demonstrated a stemmed growth strategy and achieved a 93% percentage of i-Si NW segments along the vertical direction on Si substrates. In summary, our study opens up potential for using chemical synthesized vertical Si NW arrays integrated on Si substrates for large-scale applications.
Maximum Likelihood Estimates of Symmetric Stable Distribution Parameters

A method is developed to directly obtain maximum likelihood estimates of symmetric stable distribution parameters. This is a difficult estimation problem since the likelihood function is expressed as an integral. The estimation routine is tested on a Monte Carlo sample and produces reasonable estimates.
Stroke in the female: role of biological sex and estrogen

Women are protected from stroke relative to men until the years of menopause. Because stroke is the leading cause of serious, long-term disability in the United States, modeling sex-specific mechanisms and outcomes in animals is vital to research. Important research questions are focused on the effects of hormone replacement therapy, age, reproductive status, and identification of sex-specific risk factors. Available research relevant to stroke in the female has almost exclusively utilized rodent models. Gender-linked stroke outcomes are more detectable in experimental studies than in clinical trials and observational studies. Various estrogens have been extensively studied as neuroprotective agents in women, animals, and a variety of in vitro models of neural injury and degeneration. Most data in animal and cell models are based on 17 beta estradiol and suggest that this steroid is neuroprotective in injury from ischemia/reperfusion. However, current evidence for the clinical benefits of hormone replacement therapy is unclear. Future research in this area will need to expand into stroke models utilizing higher order, gyrencephalic animals such as nonhuman primates if we are to improve extrapolation to the human scenario and to direct and enhance the design of ongoing and future clinical studies and trials.
A technique for estimating dry deposition velocities based on similarity with latent heat flux

Abstract Field measurements of chemical dry deposition are needed to assess impacts and trends of airborne contaminants on the exposure of crops and unmanaged ecosystems as well as for the development and evaluation of air quality models. However, accurate measurements of dry deposition velocities require expensive eddy correlation measurements and can only be practically made for a few chemical species such as O3 and CO2. On the other hand, operational dry deposition measurements such as those used in large area networks involve relatively inexpensive standard meteorological and chemical measurements but rely on less accurate deposition velocity models. This paper describes an intermediate technique which can give accurate estimates of dry deposition velocity for chemical species which are dominated by stomatal uptake such as O3 and SO2. This method can give results that are nearly the quality of eddy correlation measurements of trace gas fluxes at much lower cost. The concept is that bulk stomatal conductance can be accurately estimated from measurements of latent heat flux combined with standard meteorological measurements of humidity, temperature, and wind speed. The technique is tested using data from a field experiment where high quality eddy correlation measurements were made over soybeans. Over a four month period, which covered the entire growth cycle, this technique showed very good agreement with eddy correlation measurements for O3 deposition velocity.
Intestinal Mucosal Amino Acid Catabolism

The small intestine is not only responsible for terminal digestion and absorption of nutrients, but it also plays an important role in catabolism of arterial glutamine and dietary amino acids. Most of glutamine and almost all of glutamate and aspartate in the diet are catabolized by small intestinal mucosa, and CO2 accounts for 56-64% of their metabolized carbons. The small intestinal mucosa also plays an important role in degrading arginine, proline and branched-chain amino acids, and perhaps methionine, lysine, phenylalanine, threonine, glycine and serine in the diet, such that 30-50% of these dietary amino acids are not available to extraintestinal tissues. Dietary amino acids are major fuels for the small intestinal mucosa and are essential precursors for intestinal synthesis of glutathione, nitric oxide, polyamines, purine and pyrimidine nucleotides, and amino acids (alanine, citrulline and proline), and are obligatory for maintaining intestinal mucosal mass and integrity. Because intestinal amino acid catabolism plays an important role in modulating dietary amino acid availability to extraintestinal tissues, it has important implications for the utilization efficiency of dietary protein and amino acids in animals and humans.
Full-thickness skin graft from the neck for coverage of the radial forearm free flap donor site.

Purpose This study describes the use of a full-thickness skin graft (FTSG) from the neck to cover the radial forearm free flap (RFFF) donor site in patients undergoing neck dissection and microvascular reconstruction for ablative head and neck oncologic surgery. The authors propose that an FTSG from the neck provides sufficient tissue quantity and quality, fewer surgical sites, and decreased surgical time and cost compared with other FTSG harvest sites and split-thickness skin grafts (STSGs). Materials and Methods This was a retrospective study of 50 patients from 2007 to 2012 who underwent ablative surgery for oral and head and neck cancer with concomitant cervical lymphadenectomy and RFFF reconstruction with repair of the donor site using an FTSG harvested along the neck dissection incision. Patients who underwent donor site repair using other techniques, such as ulnar transposition flaps, were excluded. Medical records and perioperative photographs were reviewed. Results Primary closure of the neck without dehiscence was achieved in all cases. There were no recipient site infections. Minor skin graft loss occurred in a minority of patients and was managed with local wound care until healing by secondary intention. No patients required surgical revision of the forearm. Conclusions An FTSG from the neck provides adequate coverage for most RFFF harvests and offers favorable functional and esthetic outcomes. The primary advantage is avoiding a third surgical site. Complications were comparable to those using FTSGs from other harvest sites. Importantly, cross-contamination from the head and neck with the forearm was shown not to be an issue.
Risk of depression in women with psoriasis: a cohort study.

SummaryBackground Psoriasis is a common, chronic and inflammatory disease of the skin, which has been associated with depression in cross-sectional studies with limited adjustment for confounders. Objectives In this prospective cohort study, we investigated the risk of incident depression among individuals with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis (PsA). Methods We included 50 750 US female nurses from the Nurses' Health Study who were free of depression at baseline in 2000. Those participants who had ever self-reported clinician-diagnosed depression or regular use of antidepressants, or had a Mental Health Inventory score of ≤ 52 were excluded. In 2008, we retrospectively asked participants if they had ever received a physician's diagnosis of psoriasis or PsA. We defined depression as self-report of clinician-diagnosed depression or regular use of antidepressant medication. Time-dependent Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate age and multivariate-adjusted relative risks (RRs) of clinical depression. Results After adjusting for covariates including body mass index, physical activity, smoking and the presence of major chronic conditions, the multivariate-adjusted RRs of clinical depression were 1·29 [95% confidence interval (CI) 1·10–1·52] for women with psoriasis and 1·52 (95% CI 1·06–2·19) for women with psoriasis and concomitant PsA, compared with women without psoriasis. Conclusions We found an increased risk of depression in US women with psoriasis compared with those without psoriasis. This risk was higher in those who reported concomitant PsA. Future studies are needed to confirm these findings in other populations and to identify pathophysiological mechanisms linking psoriasis to depression.
Methylation of Histone H3 Lysine 36 Is Required for Normal Development in Neurospora crassa

The SET domain is an evolutionarily conserved domain found predominantly in histone methyltransferases (HMTs). The Neurospora crassa genome includes nine SET domain genes (set-1 through set-9) in addition to dim-5, which encodes a histone H3 lysine 9 HMT required for DNA methylation. We demonstrate that Neurospora set-2 encodes a histone H3 lysine 36 (K36) methyltransferase and that it is essential for normal growth and development. We used repeat induced point mutation to make a set-2 mutant (set-2RIP1) with multiple nonsense mutations. Western analyses revealed that the mutant lacks SET-2 protein and K36 methylation. An amino-terminal fragment that includes the AWS, SET, and post-SET domains of SET-2 proved sufficient for K36 HMT activity in vitro. Nucleosomes were better substrates than free histones. The set-2RIP1 mutant grows slowly, conidiates poorly, and is female sterile. Introducing the wild-type gene into the mutant complemented the defects, confirming that they resulted from loss of set-2 function. We replaced the wild-type histone H3 gene (hH3) with an allele producing a Lys to Leu substitution at position 36 and found that this hH3K36L mutant phenocopied the set-2RIP1 mutant, confirming that the observed defects in growth and development result from inability to methylate K36 of H3. Finally, we used chromatin immunoprecipitation to demonstrate that actively transcribed genes in Neurospora crassa are enriched for H3 methylated at lysines 4 and 36. Taken together, our results suggest that methylation of K36 in Neurospora crassa is essential for normal growth and development.
AP lesions block suppression of estrous behavior, but not estrous cyclicity, in food-deprived Syrian hamsters

Food deprivation inhibits ovulatory cycles and estrous behavior in Syrian hamsters. Lesions of the area postrema (AP) prevented the suppression of estrous behavior in food-deprived hamsters, but they did not prevent the suppression of estrous cyclicity or the increase in running-wheel activity caused by food deprivation. Food deprivation or treatment with pharmacological inhibitors of glycolysis and fatty acid oxidation decreased estrogen-receptor immunoreactivity (ERIR) in the ventromedial hypothalamus (VMH), increased ERIR in the arcuate nucleus (Arc) and the posterior parvicellular paraventricular nucleus (PaPo), but had no effect on ERIR in the posterodorsal medial amygdala or the anterior parvicellular paraventricular nucleus. Lesions of the AP prevented the food deprivation-induced decrease in VMH ERIR and the increase in Arc ERIR, but they did not prevent the increase in ERIR in the PaPo. Thus, whatever physiological cues are produced by food deprivation, an intact AP is required for their transmission to the neural circuits controlling estrous behavior, VMH ERIR, and Arc ERIR. The AP is not essential for transmission of this information to the neural circuits controlling estrous cyclicity, running-wheel activity, or PaPo ERIR.
A Shortage of Privacy Engineers

Companies have an urgent need for trained privacy engineers who can hit the ground running. New courses and degree programs are needed to train students for these privacy engineering jobs.
Generation of correlated parameters for statistical circuit simulation

Standard transformations for converting non-Gaussian raw data to the Gaussian domain are reviewed. Once the appropriate transformation is determined, conversion formulas are developed so that only the raw data's mean and variance are required to convert any future data points to the Gaussian domain. With the input parameters represented in terms of the Gaussian distribution, techniques from multivariate statistics are used to generate statistically correlated sets of parameters. The method used to generate input parameters for Monte Carlo simulations is examined. The technique is based on the relatively easy generation of statistically independent observations and their relationship to the more general case of statistically dependent observations by way of the parameters' correlation matrix. A method called deterministic tracking of model parameters is developed. Using the definition of an isodensity contour for a p-variate normal density function, an expression is derived to calculate the most probable setting of input parameters, given that a subset of these parameters was first fixed to specific values. A simple but realistic three-variable example of the methods developed is shown. >
Ratings for emotion film clips

Film clips are widely utilized to elicit emotion in a variety of research studies. Normative ratings for scenes selected for these purposes support the idea that selected clips correspond to the intended target emotion, but studies reporting normative ratings are limited. Using an ethnically diverse sample of college undergraduates, selected clips were rated for intensity, discreteness, valence, and arousal. Variables hypothesized to affect the perception of stimuli (i.e., gender, race-ethnicity, and familiarity) were also examined. Our analyses generally indicated that males reacted strongly to positively valenced film clips, whereas females reacted more strongly to negatively valenced film clips. Caucasian participants tended to react more strongly to the film clips, and we found some variation by race-ethnicity across target emotions. Finally, familiarity with the films tended to produce higher ratings for positively valenced film clips, and lower ratings for negatively valenced film clips. These findings provide normative ratings for a useful set of film clips for the study of emotion, and they underscore factors to be considered in research that utilizes scenes from film for emotion elicitation.
The Value of Truth Telling

Several scholars have suggested that honesty, honor, fairness and other traditional values play a vital role in making capitalism and democracy function (Fukuyama 1995; Zak 2008). Others have recognized that capitalism and democracy reward greed and reinforce antisocial manipulators (Hayes-Roth 2011a). Some believe that enterprises can reconstruct themselves profitably around the principles of integrity and honoring one’s word (Jensen 2011). Our research complements their work by showing how lies materially harm business prospects, making it possible to increase value through truth telling. In the Internet Age, both harmful and salutary information flow at increasing rates, amplifying the latent value of truth (Hayes-Roth 2011c). Promiscuous customers have little loyalty to vendors and shun untrustworthy ones as too risky. The Internet will soon offer improved mechanisms to identify liars and truth-tellers and to filter out untrustworthy messages automatically. Businesses and other organizations will need to seize the opportunities to significantly improve their truthfulness quotients. Quantitative measurements of the value of truth telling will help management steer in a positive direction.
BUERGENERULA AND THE PHYSOSPORELLACEAE

SUMMARY The European Buergenerula biseptata (E. Rostrup) H. Sydow has as a North American synonym Yukonia caricis Sprague, the type species of Yukonia. The taxonomic position of Buergenerula is with members of the Physosporellaceae in the Phyllachorales. The Phyllachorales is divided into the Phacidiaceae, Porinaceae, Melogrammataceae (Phyllachoraceae), and Physosporellaceae. In the Physosporellaceae the genera Apiospora, Apiothyrium, Arwidssonia, Buergenerula, Exarmidium, Hyponectria, Monographella, Oxydothis, Physalospora, and Pseudomassaria are distinguished by perithecial configuration and shape and septation of asco
A Qualitative and Quantitative Study of the Trichoptera of Western Lake Erie (as Indicated by Light Trap Material)

It is the purpose of this paper to record a list of the species of those Trichoptera of Western Lake Erie which are attracted to light traps and to discuss some of the aspects of their relative abundance and seasonal distribution. Supplementing the list of species are notes regarding the occurrence of each species. For future students the figures of male genitalia will give an exact placement of the species studied in case that some name or names have been misapplied. A simple key to the more common species of this region is included for the convenience of any future workers in this field. Graphs are presented which indicate that some species occur in two broods or generations per season while others are definitely limited to one. The study is based on some seventy thousand specimens collected during the summer of 1937 near the Franz Theodore Stone Laboratory, Put-in-Bay, Ohio, and represents two years of work on the part of the author in the careful determination of species and checking the data involved[1][1] [1]: #fn-1
Fisher C, Montgomery E, Thway K. Biopsy Interpretation of Soft Tissue Tumors. 2nd ed.

C Fisher, E Montgomery, K Thway. Biopsy Interpretation of Soft Tissue Tumors . 2nd ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer, 2015, 606 pages, $169. “As long as a man's heart beats, as long as a man's flesh quivers, I do not allow that a being gifted with thought and will can allow himself to despair.”—Jules Verne Occasionally, “man’s flesh” more than quivers and forms tumors. In those times, pathologists, even those “gifted with thought and will,” have been known to “despair”—especially when monstrous fleshy tumors are sampled via minuscule biopsies. The second iteration of Biopsy Interpretation of Soft Tissue Tumors , the latest volume to be published in Wolters Kluwer’s Biopsy Interpretation Series, will more than likely prove to be helpful in such …
Investigate Bacterial Vaginosis(BV) Impact PROM

Objective To discuss the bacterial vaginal disease(bacterial vaginosis, BV) on the effect of premature rupture of membranes. Methods 100 cases of patients with premature rupture of membranes to our hospital normal postpartum or after cesarean section vaginal discharge detection and randomly selected 100 cases of full-term pregnancy patients with postpartum vaginal contrast test. Results In patients with premature rupture of membranes BV infection rate is significantly higher than full-term pregnancy, premature rupture of membranes BV infection rate was 26%, the full-term pregnancy BV infection rate was 7%, P0.01, the difference was statistically significant. Conclusion Bacterial vaginosis easily lead to premature rupture of membranes, therefore to BV detection and treatment of pregnancy women has very important clinical significance.
SURVEY ON THE QUALITY OF DISINFECTION WORK IN MEDICAL INSTITUTIONS OF SHENZHEN BAOAN DISTRICT

Objective To determine the quality of disinfection work in medical institutions in Shenzhen Baoan District,and to provide reference for improving the management of disinfection work.Methods Field sampling and bacterial test was used to monitor on disinfection work of medical institutions at all levels in Shenzhen Baoan district.Results A total of 2004～2008 records were analyzed,the overall passing rates of 2004-2008 were 93.52%,96.13%,96.79%,97.11%,96.94% respectively.The overall passing rates of medical institutions at all levels exceeded 95%.The medical institutions with a lowest passing rate was disinfection of indoor air(89.81%)and the highest was in using for disinfection(99.44%).Conclusion The total quality of disinfection work in medical institutions of shenzhen Baoan district was good,but the management of disinfection work of indoor air should be improved in the future.
Identification of drought resistance of landrace rice mini core germplasm in Guangxi

A total of 105 mini core collection of rice germplasm in Guangxi were indentified through treatment of whole growth period drought stress. D value was employed as the standard of evaluation, which was calculated according to panicle neck thick, effective panicles per plant, 1000-grain weight, filled grained per panicle, panicle density, seed setting rate, and grain weight per plant. The results showed that, under drought stress, grain weight per plant showed a significant positive correlation with panicle neck thick, and highly significant positive correlation with the other five morphological traits. By the evaluation of the comprehensive drought index D value, we obtained seven local-cultivated rice varieties with high drought resistance type (6.67%). Guangxi upland rice contains high percentage of high drought resistance resources, which can be used for germplasm screening. The identified germplasm is of significance for improvement of rice drought resistance.
Urine Potassium Excretion, Kidney Failure, and Mortality in CKD

Background Low urine potassium excretion, as a surrogate for dietary potassium intake, is associated with higher risk for hypertension and cardiovascular disease in a general population. Few studies have investigated the relationship of urine potassium with clinical outcomes in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Study Design Longitudinal cohort study. Setting & Participants The MDRD (Modification of Diet in Renal Disease) Study was a randomized controlled trial (N = 840) conducted in 1989 to 1993 to examine the effects of blood pressure control and dietary protein restriction on kidney disease progression in adults aged 18 to 70 years with CKD stages 2 to 4. This post hoc analysis included 812 participants. Predictor The primary predictor variable was 24-hour urine potassium excretion, measured at baseline and at multiple time points (presented as time-updated average urine potassium excretion). Outcomes Kidney failure, defined as initiation of dialysis therapy or transplantation, was determined from US Renal Data System data. All-cause mortality was assessed using the National Death Index. Results Median follow-up for kidney failure was 6.1 (IQR, 3.5-11.7) years, with 9 events/100 patient-years. Median all-cause mortality follow-up was 19.2 (IQR, 10.8-20.6) years, with 3 deaths/100 patient-years. Baseline mean urine potassium excretion was 2.39±0.89 (SD) g/d. Each 1-SD higher baseline urine potassium level was associated with an adjusted HR of 0.95 (95% CI, 0.87-1.04) for kidney failure and 0.83 (95% CI, 0.74-0.94) for all-cause mortality. Results were consistent using time-updated average urine potassium measurements. Limitations Analyses were performed using urine potassium excretion as a surrogate for dietary potassium intake. Results are obtained from a primarily young, nondiabetic, and advanced CKD population and may not be generalizable to the general CKD population. Conclusions Higher urine potassium excretion was associated with lower risk for all-cause mortality, but not kidney failure.
Online, Absolute Quantitation of Propranolol from Spatially Distinct 20- and 40-μm Dissections of Brain, Liver, and Kidney Thin Tissue Sections by Laser Microdissection-Liquid Vortex Capture-Mass Spectrometry.

Spatial resolved quantitation of chemical species in thin tissue sections by mass spectrometric methods has been constrained by the need for matrix-matched standards or other arduous calibration protocols and procedures to mitigate matrix effects (e.g., spatially varying ionization suppression). Reported here is the use of laser “cut and drop” sampling with a laser microdissection-liquid vortex capture electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LMD-LVC/ESI-MS/MS) system for online and absolute quantitation of propranolol in mouse brain, kidney, and liver thin tissue sections of mice administered with the drug at a 7.5 mg/kg dose, intravenously. In this procedure either 20 μm × 20 μm or 40 μm × 40 μm tissue microdissections were cut and dropped into the flowing solvent of the capture probe. During transport to the ESI source drug related material was completely extracted from the tissue into the solvent, which contained a known concentration of propranolol-d7 as an internal standard. This allowed ab...
Relation of ovarian stromal hyperplasia to endometrial carcinoma. II. A comparison of autopsy and surgical controls.

Abstract 1. 1. Ovaries from autopsy specimens from postmenopausal women have been studied and compared with those obtained at the operating table from patients with and without endometrial carcinoma. 2. 2. The findings indicate that while there is no difference between the two surgical groups, they both vary, in some cases significantly, from the autopsy group. 3. 3. Findings compatible with a diagnosis of “ovarian stromal hyperplasia” are more frequent in the surgical groups than in the autopsy group, a fact previously pointed out by others. In this case, the surgical groups include ovaries from both controls and patients with carcinoma which have previously been shown to be almost identical. 4. 4. A real difference between the ovaries from autopsy specimens and operative specimens has been demonstrated.
The effect of different pre-operative feeding regimens on plasma glucose and gastric volume and pH in infancy.

The effects of four different pre-operative feeding regimens were studied in 123 children below the age of one year presenting for surgery. Plasma glucose concentrations, blood acid-base values, ga...
The origin of infrasonic ionosphere oscillations over tropospheric thunderstorms

Thunderstorms have been observed to introduce infrasonic oscillations in the ionosphere, but it is not clear what processes or which parts of the thunderstorm generate the oscillations. In this paper, we present a new technique that uses an array of ground-based GPS total electron content (TEC) measurements to locate the source of the infrasonic oscillations and compare the source locations with thunderstorm features to understand the possible source mechanisms. The location technique utilizes instantaneous phase differences between pairs of GPS-TEC measurements and an algorithm to best fit the measured and the expected phase differences for assumed source positions and other related parameters. In this preliminary study, the infrasound waves are assumed to propagate along simple geometric raypaths from the source to the measurement locations to avoid extensive computations. The located sources are compared in time and space with thunderstorm development and lightning activity. Sources are often found near the main storm cells, but they are more likely related to the downdraft process than to the updraft process. As a result, the sources are also commonly found in the convectively quiet stratiform regions behind active cells and are in good coincidence with extensive lightning discharges and inferred high-altitude sprites discharges.
Cache-aware interfaces for compositional real-time systems: invited paper

Interface-based compositional analysis is by now a fairly established area of research in real-time systems. However, current research has not yet fully considered practical aspects, such as the effects of cache interferences on multicore platforms. This position paper discusses the analysis challenges and motivates the need for cache scheduling in this setting, and it highlights several research questions towards cache-aware interfaces for compositional systems on multicore platforms.
What Is Being Done to Increase Organ Donation

The need for organs greatly outnumbers the amount of organs donated for transplantation. This is true for all countries around the world. Many organizations globally have been created to solve this problem. Spain has been very successful with its drive to increase organ donation. Educational campaigns are a great tool being utilized by all countries and the medical communities to promote a positive perception of organ donation. These campaigns include using the television industry, raising money for travel expenses, and education seminars. This article looks at the different groups and programs aimed at increasing organ donation.
Industrial revolutions in the 21st century

Three massive scientific waves are gathering momentum as we approach the end of the 20th century. These waves are set to transform our lives in the 21st century to a far greater extent than our parents' and grandparents' lives were changed by advances made during this century Nanoscale science, information science and molecular biology are all rapidly developing into engineering disciplines, and each will be responsible for the start of at least one major industrial revolution during the next 20 years.
3D Seismic Flexure Analysis for Subsurface Fault Detection and Fracture Characterization

Seismic flexure is a new geometric attribute with the potential of delineating subtle faults and fractures from three-dimensional (3D) seismic surveys, especially those overlooked by the popular discontinuity and curvature attributes. Although the concept of flexure and its related algorithms have been published in the literature, the attribute has not been sufficiently applied to subsurface fault detection and fracture characterization. This paper provides a comprehensive study of the flexure attribute, including its definition, computation, as well as geologic implications for evaluating the fundamental fracture properties that are essential to fracture characterization and network modeling in the subsurface, through applications to the fractured reservoir at Teapot Dome, Wyoming (USA). Specifically, flexure measures the third-order variation of the geometry of a seismic reflector and is dependent on the measuring direction in 3D space; among all possible directions, flexure is considered most useful when extracted perpendicular to the orientation of dominant deformation; and flexure offers new insights into qualitative/quantitative fracture characterization, with its magnitude indicating the intensity of faulting and fracturing, its azimuth defining the orientation of most-likely fracture trends, and its sign differentiating the sense of displacement of faults and fractures.
Rethinking Secrecy in Cyberspace

Secrecy is central to the strategic and political dynamics of cyberspace operations. The ease with which actors can launch attacks while masking their identity poses serious problems for both attribution and retaliation. Yet, actors sometimes willingly claim credit for their attacks. To date, the literature has done little explain this variation. We argue that this oversight stems in large part from the failure to distinguish between two qualitatively different types of deception. Deception is not, as the literature presumes, an inherent feature of all cyber operations from beginning to end. Rather, it is only required during the planning and execution stages of an attack. Relying on deception to conceal sponsorship of an operation afterwards is a political choice. In short, while all cyber operations must be clandestine, they need not be covert. Understanding why some actors might voluntarily attribute themselves while others embrace complicity is the second task of this article. Better understanding the politics and optics of voluntary attribution is important from both a theoretical and a practical perspective.
Cerebral X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy: The University of Minnesota Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Experience from 1991 to 2004.

Hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is the only effective long-term treatment for cerebral X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD), a beta-oxidation disorder of very-long-chain fatty acids. The most common cerebral phenotype of X-ALD has a median onset of 7 years and is characterized by adrenal insufficiency, disability, dementia and typically death within months to several years after clinical onset. The international HCT experience from 1982 to 1999 for cerebral X-ALD clearly demonstrated that baseline neurologic and neuropsychological function, degree of disability, and neuroradiologic status predicted outcomes following HCT [Peters C. et al. BLOOD2004;104:881]. The estimated 5-year survival varied with the number of neurologic deficits and the MRI severity score before HCT: 0 or 1 neurologic deficits and MRI severity score less than 9 (n=25), 92% (95% CI, 81%–100%); all other patients (n=37), 45% (95% CI, 23%–67%; P
The Case for Chromium. By-passed until now, What are the prospects for Cr-alloys in high-temperature service?

Chromium, as an alloy base for high-temperature construction service, is discussed. The expectations for the metal and its technological limitations are approached from an historical point-of-view, and recent developments in chromium technology are discussed. In addition to the physical and strength properties of the metal, processing techniques, availability, and cost are discussed. The future prospects for this metal in high-temperature service are reviewed.
An Empirical Justification for the Use of Racially Distinctive Names to Signal Race in Experiments

Researchers studying discrimination and bias frequently conduct experiments that use racially distinctive names to signal race. The ability of these experiments to speak to racial discrimination depends on the excludability assumption that subjects’ responses to these names are driven by their reaction to the individual’s putative race and not some other factor. We use results from an audit study with a large number of aliases and data from detailed public records to empirically test the excludability assumption undergirding the use of racially distinctive names. The detailed public records allow us to measure the signals about socioeconomic status and political resources that each name used in the study possibly could send. We then reanalyze the audit study to see whether these signals predict legislators’ likelihood of responding. We find no evidence that politicians respond to this other information, thus providing empirical support for the excludability assumption.