cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gene profiling in muscle of severely burned children: Age- and sex-dependent changes

Background Thermal injury is associated with a pronounced catabolic response in skeletal muscle. This study identifies gene expression changes in skeletal muscle of thermally injured girls and boys using high-density oligonucleotide arrays. Methods Six burned children with a mean age of 8.3 ± 1.3 years and TBSA burn size covering 51 ± 6% admitted to our hospital with in 48 h of injury and six cleft lip and cleft palate patients were studied. Total RNA was isolated, in vitro transcribed, and hybridized to HG-U95 Av.2 Affymetrix arrays. Messenger RNA expression patterns of controls and burn patients were compared using Affymetrix GeneChip Analysis Suite 5.2 and dChip. Results Statistical analysis of the 12,625 genes on each array showed a significant increase in the expression of 77 genes in burn children and a decrease in 21 genes when compared to controls ( P Conclusions Genes that are differentially expressed in skeletal muscle of burned children, but whose function in muscle is unknown, include those related to various transcription factors and those known to encode proteins involved in signaling pathways. Further analysis is required to achieve the ultimate goal of making functionally relevant conclusions about the molecular pathology of burn injury.
The effect of changes in the federal funds rate target on stock prices in the 1970s

Abstract We examine the effect of monetary policy on the stock market during the period 3efore the change in Federal Reserve operating procedures in October 1979. We do this by investigating how changes in the federal funds rate target during the 1974–1979 period affected stock prices. This period was unique because the Federal Reserve controlled its operating instrument, the federal funds rate, so closely that market participants were able to discern a change in the target on the day it occurred. We find that increases (decreases) in the funds rate target lowered (raised) stock prices. This provides evidence of a liquidity effect for the period before October 1979.
Bromate ion removal by activated carbon

Abstract Bromate ion removal by powdered activated carbon (PAC) in batch mode and granular activated carbon (GAC) in continuous mode was evaluated under various operational conditions. For PAC, removal kinetics were found to be prohibitively slow, with high PAC doses required; removal improved with decreasing pH and decreasing natural organic matter. GAC was also influenced by these same water quality conditions, with an additional influence by empty bed contact time (EBCT). Bromate ion was found to be reduced to bromide ion and not all bromide in bromate was recovered supporting the theory that bromate reduction involves non-equilibrium sorption-reduction mechanisms. Both PAC and GAC results were found to be carbon-specific.
Bayesian networks and traffic accident reconstruction

The attempt to draw rational conclusions about a road accident can be viewed as a problem in uncertain reasoning about a particular event, to which developments in the modeling of uncertain reasoning for artificial intelligence can be applied. Physical principles can be used to develop a structural model for the accident, and this model can then be combined with an expert assessment of prior uncertainty concerning the model's variables. Posterior probabilities, given evidence collected at the accident scene, can then be computed using Bayes theorem. Truth conditions for counterfactual claims about the accident can then be defined using a "possible worlds" semantics, and used to rigorously implement a "but for" test of whether or not a speed limit violation could be considered a cause of the accident.
MBE-Growth of Strain Engineered GaN Thin Films Utilizing a Surfactant

GaN films were grown on sapphire substrates at temperatures below 725 °C utilizing a Constricted Glow Discharge plasma source. A three dimensional growth mode is observed at such low growth temperatures resulting in films that are composed of individual but oriented grains. The strain that originates from the growth on the lattice mismatched substrate with a different thermal expansion coefficient is utilized to influence the thin film growth. The strain can be largely altered by the growth of suitable buffer layers. Thereby, optical and structural film properties can be engineered. It is argued that the surface diffusion of Ga ad-atoms is affected by engineering the strain. Alternatively, surface diffusion can be influenced by surfactants. It is demonstrated that the use of bismuth as a surfactant allows to modify the surface morphology of the GaN films that reflects the size of the grains in the films. The results suggest that a substantial increase of the oriented grain sizes in the films is possible while maintaining a low growth temperature.
DECADAL VARIATIONS IN THE STRENGTH OF ENSO TELECONNECTIONS WITH PRECIPITATION IN THE WESTERN UNITED STATES

Changing patterns of correlations between the historical average June-November Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) and October-March precipitation totals for 84 climate divisions in the western US indicate a large amount of variability in SOI/precipitation relations on decadal time scales. Correlations of western US precipitation with SO1 and other indices of tropical El Nifio-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) processes were much weaker from 1920 to 1950 than during recent decades. This variability in teleconnections is associated with the character of tropical air-sea interactions as indexed by the number of out-of-phase SOI/tropical sea surface temperature (SST) episodes, and with decadal variability in the North Pacific Ocean as indexed by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO). ENSO teleconnections with precipitation in the western US are strong when SO1 and NIN03 are out-of-phase and PDO is negative. ENSO teleconnections are weak when SO1 and NIN03 are weakly correlated and PDO is positive. Decadal modes of tropical and North Pacific Ocean climate variability are important indicators of periods when ENSO indices, like SOI, can be used as reliable predictors of winter precipitation in the US. Copyright 0 1999 Royal Meteorological Society.
Firm resources and joint ventures: what determines zero-sum versus positive-sum outcomes?

In this study, we are concerned with the resources that are brought to joint ventures, and whether or not the way in which those resources are combined can improve parent-firm performance. We are also interested in whether or not the exposure of valuable resources through the permeable membrane of the joint venture can have an adverse effect on performance. These questions are explored using a sample of 74 domestic, dyadic joint ventures, and our findings suggest that the strategy can have zero-sum and positive-sum outcomes. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Recruitment of Ataxia-Telangiectasia Mutated to the p21waf1 Promoter by ZBP-89 Plays a Role in Mucosal Protection

Background & Aims: Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi) induce growth arrest, apoptosis, and differentiation, particularly in colon cancer cells where they are potential chemopreventive agents. HDACi induction of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p21waf1 has been shown to require ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM). Nevertheless, how ATM participates in p21waf1 gene expression has not been defined. Methods: In vivo protein complexes forming in response to butyrate were studied using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectroscopy. DNA elements in the p21waf1 promoter were analyzed in vivo by chromatin immunoprecipitation and in vitro DNA affinity precipitation assays. The expression of p21waf1 was analyzed by immunoblots and reporter assays. Results: Reduction of ZBP-89 or ATM with small interfering RNAs blocked HDACi-induced p21waf1 expression. Chromatin immunoprecipitation and DNA affinity precipitation assays showed that both ZBP-89 and ATM are recruited to the GC-rich DNA elements of the p21waf1 promoter with HDACi treatment. Co-immunoprecipitation revealed that ATM associates with ZBP-89 in an HDACi-dependent manner. Serial deletions revealed that ATM interacts with both the N-terminal and DNA binding domains of ZBP-89. Moreover, we found that immunodepletion of ZBP-89 prevented recruitment of ATM to the p21waf1 promoter in vitro. Silencing of ZBP-89 expression blocked HDACi-induced phosphorylation of ATMSer1981 and p53Ser15. ATMSer1981 phosphorylation in the colons of mutant mice expressing an N-terminally truncated form of ZBP-89 was not observed after ingestion of dextran sodium sulfate and correlated with exacerbation of the mucosal injury. Conclusions:ZBP-89 interacts with ATM in a butyrate-dependent manner and is essential for colonic homeostasis in the setting of acute mucosal injury.
Management of early Fontan failure: a single-institution experience.

Objective To analyse the incidence and outcomes of early Fontan failure (EFF) in a large contemporary cohort of palliated patients. Methods A retrospective, single-centre study of all patients undergoing primary Fontan from 1 July 1995 to 31 December 2009 was performed. EFF was defined as death, need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO), Fontan takedown to superior cavopulmonary connection (SCPC) or transplantation within 30 days of the Fontan procedure. The incidence and outcomes were summarized with descriptive statistics, and risk factors for EFF were identified. Results A total of 592 patients underwent primary Fontan procedure during the study period; 67% had a dominant right ventricle. An extracardiac conduit (ECC) was used for Fontan completion in 60.5%, with the remainder having a lateral tunnel. EFF occurred in 11 patients (1.9%), all of whom had ECC. ECMO was used in 5 patients, 5 had Fontan takedown and 2 had heart transplantation. Five of eleven, or 46%, study subjects died as opposed to an overall mortality for primary Fontan of 0.8%. Among patients who had Fontan takedown to SCPC, long-term survival was 80%. By univariate analysis, elevated ventricular end-diastolic pressure (9.5 ± 3.3 vs 7.4 ± 2.7 mmHg, P = 0.019) and total circulatory support time (99 ± 33 vs 71 ± 23 min, P = 0.001) were risk factors for EFF. The mean follow-up for the 6 hospital survivors was 5.9 years. There was one late transplant-related death. Of the 4 surviving patients who had Fontan takedown to a SCPC, 3 underwent subsequent Fontan completion and 1 underwent biventricular repair. Conclusions EFF is rare in the current era, but is associated with significant mortality. High filling pressures and a prolonged intraoperative course are risk factors for EFF. Of the management strategies available, Fontan takedown to an intermediate pathway appears to be associated with the best outcomes.
Effects of reservoir bottom absorption on earthquake response of concrete gravity dams

A procedure is presented to analyse the response of concrete gravity dams due to horizontal and vertical earthquake ground motion components considering dam-water interaction and partial absorption of hydrodynamic pressure waves at the reservoir bottom into the foundation medium. The effects of reservoir bottom absorption on the hydrodynamic force on a rigid dam are examined first. The harmonic response of an idealized dam cross-section is presented for a wide range of parameters characterizing the properties of the dam, the impounded water and the foundation medium. Based on these frequency response functions the effects of dam-water interaction and of reservoir bottom absorption in the response of dams due to horizontal and vertical components of ground motion are investigated.
Talking about texts : middle school students' engagement in metalinguistic talk

Abstract In this paper, discourse analytical methods are applied to data from two middle school classrooms, as a teacher, researcher, and students’ engage in research based curricula ( Martinez et al., 2008 , Orellana and Reynolds, 2008 ) designed to leverage students’ language brokering skills and facilitate discussion about languages. Analysis centers on teacher and researcher mediated talk that engages students in exploring their linguistic skills through an examination of voice and register in multiple settings. This paper argues that engaging in talk about how language meets our social needs can provide an authentic and valuable way for teachers and students to recognize what they can do and do bring to the classroom. This type of talk can also help to cultivate students’ metalinguistic awareness and promote students’ discursive consciousness.
Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress in Aortic Stiffening With Age: The Role of Smooth Muscle Cell Function

Objective—Age-related aortic stiffness is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Although oxidative stress is implicated in aortic stiffness, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unelucidated. Here, we examined the source of oxidative stress in aging and its effect on smooth muscle cell (SMC) function and aortic compliance using mutant mouse models. Methods and Results—Pulse wave velocity, determined using Doppler, increased with age in superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2)+/− but not in wild-type, p47phox−/− and SOD1+/− mice. Echocardiography showed impaired cardiac function in these mice. Increased collagen I expression, impaired elastic lamellae integrity, and increased medial SMC apoptosis were observed in the aortic wall of aged SOD2+/− versus wild-type (16-month-old) mice. Aortic SMCs from aged SOD2+/− mice showed increased collagen I and decreased elastin expression, increased matrix metalloproteinase-2 expression and activity, and increased sensitivity to staurosporine-induced apopt...
Fabrication and Performance Limits of Sub-0.1 µm Cu Interconnects

As the on-chip interconnect linewidth and film thickness shrink below 0.1 µm, the size effect on Cu resistivity becomes important, and the electrical performance deliverable by such narrow metal lines needs to be assessed critically. From the fabrication viewpoint, it is also crucial to determine how structural parameters affect resistivity in the sub-0.1 µm feature size regime. To evaluate the scaling of resistivity with thickness, we have fabricated a series of Ta/Cu/Ta/SiO2 thin film structures with Cu thickness ranging from 1 µm to 0.02 µm. These test structures revealed a far larger (∼2.3 ×) size effect than that expected from surface scattering. We have also fabricated test structures containing 50-nm-wide Cu lines wrapped in Ta-based liners and embedded in insulating SiO2 using e-beam lithography, high-density plasma etching, ionized PVD Cu deposition, and chemical-mechanical planarization processes. Direct current (16 nA) resistance measurements from these 50-nm-wide Cu lines have also shown a higher- than-expected distribution of resistivity. Cross-sectional TEM and surface AFM observations suggest that the observed extra resistivity increase can be attributed to small grain sizes in ultra- thin Cu films and to Cu/Ta interface roughness. Monte Carlo simulations are used to quantify the extra resistivity resulting from interface roughness.
Outcome of patients who refused out-of-hospital medical assistance

Activation of the emergency medical services (EMS) system does not always result in transport of a patient to the hospital. This study assessed the outcomes of patients who refused medical assistance in the field, to determine if refusal of medical assistance (RMA) is associated with poor outcomes. Four high-volume suburban volunteer ambulance corps participated in the study. Consecutive patients who refused medical assistance were prospectively enrolled. Medical and identifying data were collected for each patient. Telephone follow-up was conducted to determine the patient's condition and if the patient sought further care after RMA. Primary endpoints were whether the patient sought further care, was admitted to a hospital, or died subsequent to RMA. Follow-up was successfully obtained for 199 of 321 patients enrolled (62%). Of these 199 patients, 95 (48%) sought further medical care within 1 week for the same complaint, with 13 being admitted to the hospital. Six of the 13 admitted patients had chief complaints of a cardiac or respiratory nature. One patient died during hospital admission. Even if none of the patients lost to follow-up had sought further care, a substantial number of patients who refuse out-of-hospital medical assistance seek further care. Some of these patients require hospital admission, especially those with cardiac or respiratory complaints. Efforts to minimize RMA should be especially focused on patients with such complaints.
Solution-processed small-molecule solar cells with 6.7% efficiency

Polymer-based bulk-heterojunction solar cells have shown some of the highest photoconversion efficiencies in organic photovoltaics, but polymer polydispersity impacts their performance. A small-molecule donor is now reported that enables the fabrication of bulk-heterojunction devices with low acceptor content and photoconversion efficiencies of up to 6.7%.
Remote monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and evapotranspiration following saltcedar leaf beetle attack

Tamarisk (Tamarix spp.) has invaded riparian ecosystems throughout the Western United States, including significant portions of riparian ecosystems within U.S. National Parks and Monuments. Recently, the saltcedar leaf beetle (Diorhabda elongata) was released as a tamarisk biocontrol agent. Although initial releases have been monitored, no comprehensive program is currently in place to monitor the rapid spread of Diorhabda that has resulted from numerous subsequent releases by county and state agencies. Long term monitoring of tamarisk defoliation and its impacts on habitat and water resources is needed. This study examines the potential for using higher spatial resolution Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) data and lower spatial resolution Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) data for monitoring defoliation caused by Diorhabda and subsequent changes in evapotranspiration (ET). Widespread tamarisk defoliation was observed in an eastern Utah study area during summer 2007. ASTER normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) showed only minor changes between 2005 and 2006, but a significant drop in NDVI was found within riparian areas between 2006 and 2007. The decrease in NDVI caused by defoliation was apparent despite partial refoliation within the study area. MODIS time series data revealed that absolute decline in EVI varied by site, but that the timing of EVI decline during summer 2007 was early with respect to phenological patterns from 2001 through 2006. Defoliation caused decreases in ET values estimated from both ASTER and MODIS data. MODIS estimated ET declined earlier than in previous years, although annual ET was not significantly different than ET in previous years due to high year-to-year variability. Challenges to detection and monitoring of tamarisk defoliation include spectral mixing of tamarisk and other cover types at subpixel spatial resolution, spatial coregistration of time series images, the timing of image acquisition, and changes unrelated to defoliation in non-tamarisk land cover over time. Continued development of the techniques presented in this paper may allow monitoring the spread of Diorhabda and assessment of potential water salvage resulting from biocontrol of tamarisk.
Transnational Feminism in Sociology: Articulations, Agendas, Debates

What is the current terrain of transnational feminism in sociology? This essay begins by introducing the key interdisciplinary writings that helped initiate a specifically transnational feminist approach in women’s and gender studies. It then delineates three primary ways in which these writings have been adapted and/or expanded with/in sociology, as well as some points of tension and debate among these varying approaches. It argues that although there are numerous sociologically oriented transnational feminisms, most authors do not acknowledge this multiplicity and complexity, contributing to a sometimes confusing conversation where assumptions about key concepts, causality, and processes remain unclear. The essay ends with suggestions for future research.
Four epistemological views of information organization behavior on personal computers of information workers

Hjorland proposes a typology of four epistemological views in analyzing professional knowledge organization systems. In this study, we identified all four views as components of personal information organization in the current hierarchical folder structures on personal computers. The typology enabled us to synthesize the varieties and commonalities within the large number of particular information organizational practices observed both within and between individuals over time. The study demonstrated that the typology is a promising analytic descriptive framework and can help illuminate problems in current folder systems.
Hippocampal mediation of stimulus representation: A computational theory

The authors propose a computational theory of the hippocampal region's function in mediating stimulus representations. The theory assumes that the hippocampal region develops new stimulus representations that enhance the discriminability of differentially predictive cues while compressing the representation of redundant cues. Other brain regions, including cerebral and cerebellar cortices, are presumed to use these hippocampal representations to recode their own stimulus representations. In the absence of an intact hippocampal region, the theory implies that other brain regions will attempt to learn associations using previously established fixed representations. Instantiated as a connectionist network model, the theory provides a simple and unified interpretation of the functional role of the hippocampal region in a wide range of conditioning paradigms, including stimulus discrimination, reversal learning, stimulus generalization, latent inhibition, sensory preconditioning, and contextual sensitivity. The theory makes novel predictions regarding the effects of hippocampal lesions on easy-hard transfer and compound preexposure. Several prior qualitative characterizations of hippocampal function--including stimulus selection, chunking, cue configuration, and contextual coding--are identified as task-specific special cases derivable from this more general theory. The theory suggests that a profitable direction for future empirical and theoretical research will be the study of learning tasks in which both intact and lesioned animals exhibit similar initial learning behaviors but differ on subsequent transfer and generalization tasks.
Post-operative analgesia by high thoracic epidural versus intramuscular nicomorphine after thoracotomy. Part III. The effects of per- and post-operative analgesia on morbidity.

One hundred and twenty-nine patients were subjected to three different types of thoracic operations. The patients were randomly allocated to balanced intravenous anaesthesia including i.v. nicomorphine during surgery and epidural nicomorphine post-operatively (epidural group, n = 58) or to balanced intravenous anaesthesia without i.v. opiates but with high thoracic epidural regional block during the operation and with post-operative intramuscular nicomorphine (intramuscular group, n = 71). Post-operative nicomorphine was only given at the request of the patients, and as frequently as needed to obtain satisfactory pain relief. Patients in the epidural group were given nicomorphine exclusively by epidural injection. Post-operatively, both groups (i.m. and epidural) obtained effective and rapid onset of analgesia, but the pain assessments by the patient and the medical team favoured the epidural group. The requirements of nicomorphine over a period of 3 days were significantly lower in the epidural group 42 mg (s.d. = 18) versus 92 mg (s.d. = 33) in the intramuscular group. Significantly fewer pulmonary complications were observed in the epidural group: 7 atelectases compared to 27 in the intramuscular group. The epidural group showed no signs of ventilatory depression in spite of a catheter inserted at the T3-T4 level.
Uniform Inference in Nonlinear Models with Mixed Identication Strength

The paper studies inference in nonlinear models where identication loss presents in multiple parts of the parameter space. For uniform inference, we develop a local limit theory that models mixed identication
Bacterial Heme Oxygenases

Many microbial pathogens are known to possess heme acquisition systems that allow the organisms to utilize heme or heme-bound proteins as sources of iron. These systems have been demonstrated to procure iron from heme, hemoglobin, haptoglobin, or hemopexin and are identified as nonsiderophore heme iron acquisition systems. Heme oxygenase activity from mammalian cells was first demonstrated in the 1960s. This enzyme is capable of degrading heme to α-biliverdin with the liberation of free iron. Bacterial heme oxygenase activity was first found in the gram-positive pathogen Corynebacterium diphtheriae, the causative organism of the respiratory disease diphtheria. Structure-function relationships have been investigated by site-directed mutagenesis in the hopes of identifying crucial residues participating in the binding of heme and the enzymatic cleavage of the porphryin ring. Overall, human heme oxygenase HO-1 and bacterial heme oxygenase HmuO are mechanistically the same, and they show only slight structural variations when investigated by such methods as electron paramagnetic resonance, resonance Raman spectroscopy, and nuclear magnetic resonance studies.
Running an Effective Meeting

Meetings often seem to be a waste of time, but often they can be the best way to disseminate or collect information, make a decision, or solve a problem. A meeting should be held only if there is a good reason for it, and identifying that reason also serves to define the agenda for the meeting. Circulating a written agenda in advance is probably the most important element of a successful meeting. Meeting organizers should consider the purpose of the meeting when determining the number of participants and the time limit for the meeting. The leader must maintain a balance between control and openness; participants also have an important role in contributing to the success of a meeting.
Muscle contraction phenotypic analysis enabled by optogenetics reveals functional relationships of sarcomere components in Caenorhabditis elegans

The sarcomere, the fundamental unit of muscle contraction, is a highly-ordered complex of hundreds of proteins. Despite decades of genetics work, the functional relationships and the roles of those sarcomeric proteins in animal behaviors remain unclear. In this paper, we demonstrate that optogenetic activation of the motor neurons that induce muscle contraction can facilitate quantitative studies of muscle kinetics in C. elegans. To increase the throughput of the study, we trapped multiple worms in parallel in a microfluidic device and illuminated for photoactivation of channelrhodopsin-2 to induce contractions in body wall muscles. Using image processing, the change in body size was quantified over time. A total of five parameters including rate constants for contraction and relaxation were extracted from the optogenetic assay as descriptors of sarcomere functions. To potentially relate the genes encoding the sarcomeric proteins functionally, a hierarchical clustering analysis was conducted on the basis of those parameters. Because it assesses physiological output different from conventional assays, this method provides a complement to the phenotypic analysis of C. elegans muscle mutants currently performed in many labs; the clusters may provide new insights and drive new hypotheses for functional relationships among the many sarcomere components.
Environmental effects on Segregation-distorter in Drosophila melanogaster: irradiation of SD- 72 at the onset of spermatogenesis.

To ascertain the effect of irradiation at the onset of spermatogenesis on Segregation-distorter, irradiation treatments were administered to very late third instar male SD larvae. Part of the experimental and control groups were stored. The first four daily broods from unstored irradiated males exhibited depressed k values and aberration products. The percentage of aberrations observed per sperm batch is inversely correlated with the k values exhibited. The SD mechanism appeared to be most sensitive to irradiation prior to or at Prophase I. Using aberration products as an index, stored males transfer few sperm which were in meiotic or premeiotic stages at the time of treatment. The induction of these aberrations affected the action of the SD mechanism very little. The SD-bearing exceptional chromosomes were 0.9 of the total exceptions recovered. Lack of mating activity depressed the drive of SD in both irradiated and control groups. Prolongation of spermiogenesis may allow recovery of SD+ gametes which were rendered temporarily dysfunctional.
The ionic double layer at the interface

Abstract An experimental study of the adsorption of potential-determining ions at the zincite (ZnO) aqueous solution interface is reported. Changes in solubility of the oxide with pH are shown to limit adsorption measurements to the pH range 8–10. The pzc of ZnO, as determined by the intersection of adsorption curves at low ionic strength, is shown to depend on the method of preparation and on the nature of the supporting electrolyte.
Leslie Marmon Silko’s Ceremony: Healing Ethnic Hatred by Mixed-Breed Laughter

In Ceremony, Leslie Silko brilliantly crosses racial styles of humor in order to cure the foolish delusions readers may have, if we think we are superior to Indians or inferior to whites, or perhaps superior to whites or inferior to Indians. Silko plays off affectionate Pueblo humor against the black humor so prominent in 20th-century white culture. This comic strategy has the end-result of opening our eyes to our general foolishness, and also to the possibility of combining the merits of all races. Joseph Campbell wrote in The Inner Reaches of Outer Space of the change in mythologies away from the local and tribal toward a mythology that will arise from "this unified earth as of one harmonious being" (16-17). Ceremony is a work that changes local mythologies in that more inclusive spirit. Silko is the right person to have written this book. She herself is a mixed-blood, and her experience has evidently given her access not only to a variety of problems, but also to a variety of styles of clowning and joking. Although Elaine Jahner has mentioned the presence of jokes in the novel (39), I have known whites to read Ceremony as not comical at any point. Probably their power of recognition had been switched off by "the picture of the humorless Indian ... so common in so much of the literature, in so many of the film and television depictions of Native Americans" (Bruchac 22). Although Ceremony is serious, offering a number of valuable propositions for our consideration, the narrative also spins a web of jokes in the morning sun. If readers' cultural background has not prepared them for Pueblo reverence for the maternal spider, they could think of Silko's writing as resembling the turning and darting of a brown-and-white bird hunting insects in the air, at one moment flashing white sunlight, the next nearly invisible against the browns of this beautiful Earth.
Elevated Plantar Pressure and Ulceration in Diabetic Patients After Panmetatarsal Head Resection: Two Case Reports

Panmetatarsal head resection (variously called forefoot arthroplasty, forefoot resection arthroplasty, the Hoffman procedure, and the Fowler procedure) was developed for the relief of pain and deformity in rheumatoid arthritis. Although there are successful retrospective series reported in the literature, such an approach is not supported by carefully designed controlled trials. This procedure has also been advocated by some for the relief of plantar pressure in diabetic patients who are at risk for plantar ulceration. The efficacy of the procedure in this context is not supported by existing pressure measurements on rheumatoid arthritis patients in the literature, which has tended to show that although pain relief is obtained, the procedure results in elevation of forefoot pressure. Case reports are described of two patients (three feet) with sensory neuropathy who presented to our clinic 1 to 2 years after panmetatarsal head resections had been performed. Peak plantar pressures in these feet during first step gait were above the 99th percentile and outside the measuring range of the device used (EMED SF platform; NOVEL Electronics Inc., St. Paul, MN). Both patients had also experienced plantar ulcers subsequent to the surgery. Combining the information on patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) with that from our two case studies, we conclude that panmetatarsal head resection does not necessarily eliminate focal regions of elevated plantar pressure.
MO-DE-209-01: Primer On Tomosynthesis

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT) is rapidly replacing mammography as the standard of care in breast cancer screening and diagnosis. DBT is a form of computed tomography, in which a limited set of projection images are acquired over a small angular range and reconstructed into tomographic data. The angular range varies from 15° to 50° and the number of projections varies between 9 and 25 projections, as determined by the equipment manufacturer. It is equally valid to treat DBT as the digital analog of classical tomography – that is, linear tomography. In fact, the name “tomosynthesis” stands for “synthetic tomography.” DBT shares many common features with classical tomography, including the radiographic appearance, dose, and image quality considerations. As such, both the science and practical physics of DBT systems is a hybrid between computed tomography and classical tomographic methods. In this lecture, we will explore the continuum from radiography to computed tomography to illustrate the characteristics of DBT. This lecture will consist of four presentations that will provide a complete overview of DBT, including a review of the fundamentals of DBT acquisition, a discussion of DBT reconstruction methods, an overview of dosimetry for DBT systems, and summary of the underlying image theory of DBT thereby relating image quality and dose. Learning Objectives: 1.To understand the fundamental principles behind tomosynthesis image acquisition. 2.To understand the fundamentals of tomosynthesis image reconstruction. 3.To learn the determinants of image quality and dose in DBT, including measurement techniques. 4.To learn the image theory underlying tomosynthesis, and the relationship between dose and image quality. ADM is a consultant to, and holds stock in, Real Time Tomography, LLC. ADM receives research support from Hologic Inc., Analogic Inc., and Barco NV.; ADM is a member of the Scientific Advisory Board for Gamma Medica Inc.; A. Maidment, Research Support, Hologic, Inc.; Research Support, Barco, Inc.; Scientific Advisory Board, Gamma Medica, Inc.; Scientific Advisory Board, Real-Time Tomography, LLC.; Shareholder, Real-Time Tomography, LLC; J. Mainprize, Our lab has a research agreement with GE Healthcare on various topics in digital mammography and digital tomosynthesis; W. Zhao, Research grant from Siemens Health Care
Beyond Motivation Training Experiment

Careful study by the author of theories, experiments, and results, and observation of certain national social trends suggest this conclusion: the application of the major forces in newly created dimensions of human behavior to a group of highly talented, positive striving sales people, should produce results that would fulfill the estimate that average production can be the level that has been the production level accomplished only by the top thirty percent of the sales force.
Optical performance of the Los Alamos free-electron laser

During the past year of oscillator experiments, the Los Alamos free-electron laser (FEL) has demonstrated high-power and diffraction-limited output capabilities with a factor-of-4 wavelength tunability in the IR. The conversion of electron energy into optical radiation occurs within a 1-m long undulator composed of SmCo5 permanent magnets arranged in a uniform-period plane-polarized configuration. Relativistic electron pulses are supplied by a conventional rf linear accelerator operating at 1.3 GHz with a nominal energy of 20 MeV. Sufficient rf power is supplied to the accelerator to produce a burst of 2000 uniform-current micropulses, each ~40 psec in width and spaced by 46 nsec, the round-trip time of light in the 8.9-m optical cavity. Peak currents in excess of 50 A have been directed through the undulator. The primary experiments, however, were conducted with a peak current of ~30 A, a longitudinal energy spread of 2%, and a transverse emittance of 3π mm · mrad.
Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Acute Liver Failure Present in a 67-Year-Old Immunocompetent Female

Acute liver failure (ALF) is a rare illness with a high mortality rate. The only favorable management is emergent liver transplantation. About 13% of ALF cases have no clear etiology. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated ALF accounts for less than 1% of all ALF cases, and is seen mostly in adults younger than 40 years. There are only a few cases of EBV-associated ALF in elderly immunocompromised adults. We report a case of ALF in an immunocompetent 67-year-old woman caused by EBV infection that was treated by orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT). The diagnosis of EBV-associated ALF was established by EBV-DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and EBV-encoded RNA (EBER-RNA) in situ hybridization (EBER-RISH). The patient is currently doing well 6 months after transplantation without any evidence of clinical EBV infection. This case illustrates the importance of early recognition and diagnosis of EBV-associated ALF by detection of EBV from liver biopsy, especially when patients are immunocompetent and other causes are excluded. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first case of EBV-associated ALF present in an immunocompetent elderly female. Gastroenterol Res. 2016;9(4-5):74-78 doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14740/gr718e
A “psychoanalysis for liberation”: Reading Freire as an act of love

Contemporary psychoanalysis is becoming increasingly attuned to the importance of multicultural and social justice concerns in clinical practice. However, the intersection of clinical and political praxis remains unclear in clinical theory. In order to address the split between theory and practice, Liberation Psychology, an influential movement in social justice and multicultural psychology, will be introduced through the work of Paulo Freire, who was in turn influenced by psychoanalytic insights. The psychoanalytic pedigree of Freire’s thinking will be reviewed, and it will be argued that including Freire within the corpus of psychoanalytic thinkers on social issues can help integrate different strands of thought on the interaction of power, social inequality, and the therapeutic relationship.
Bayesian Analysis of Silica Exposure and Lung Cancer Using Human and Animal Studies.

Background:Bayesian methods can be used to incorporate external information into epidemiologic exposure–response analyses of silica and lung cancer.Methods:We used data from a pooled mortality analysis of silica and lung cancer (n = 65,980), using untransformed and log-transformed cumulative exposur
American Power and Security during the Bosnian War (1993–1995): National Identity, Credibility, and the ‘Stalemate Machine’

AbstractThis manuscript uses recently declassified documents to examine the factors shaping US policy toward Bosnia from 1993 to 1995. Drawing upon IR theoretical insights from constructivism and realism, these documents reveal that the halting and inconsistent nature of US actions during this period can be explained by a mismatch between US identity-driven goals and the constraints of the post-Cold War world. Having committed themselves to bold yet largely unattainable objectives in the region, US officials feared a loss of credibility and, for much of the period under investigation, did just enough not to ‘lose’ Bosnia without taking the kinds of decisive actions that would have made a difference on the ground. Eventually, atrocities in Sarajevo and Srebrenica convinced the US that more forceful action was necessary to preserve US and NATO credibility.
Compressed sensing MRI reconstruction from 3D multichannel data using GPUs

Purpose To accelerate iterative reconstructions of compressed sensing (CS) MRI from 3D multichannel data using graphics processing units (GPUs). Methods The sparsity of MRI signals and parallel array receivers can reduce the data acquisition requirements. However, iterative CS reconstructions from data acquired using an array system may take a significantly long time, especially for a large number of parallel channels. This paper presents an efficient method for CS-MRI reconstruction from 3D multichannel data using GPUs. In this method, CS reconstructions were simultaneously processed in a channel-by-channel fashion on the GPU, in which the computations of multiple-channel 3D-CS reconstructions are highly parallelized. The final image was then produced by a sum-of-squares method on the central processing unit. Implementation details including algorithm, data/memory management, and parallelization schemes are reported in the paper. Results Both simulated data and in vivo MRI array data were tested. The results showed that the proposed method can significantly improve the image reconstruction efficiency, typically shortening the runtime by a factor of 30. Conclusions Using low-cost GPUs and an efficient algorithm allowed the 3D multislice compressive-sensing reconstruction to be performed in less than 1 s. The rapid reconstructions are expected to help bring high-dimensional, multichannel parallel CS MRI closer to clinical applications. Magn Reson Med 78:2265–2274, 2017. © 2017 International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine.
Factors Influencing Nest Survival in Florida Bass

AbstractAngling nesting Florida Bass Micropterus salmoides floridanus may influence the survival of the brood and could negatively affect bass populations. Our objectives were to estimate daily nest survival for Florida Bass and to examine factors that influence nest survival to the swim-up fry stage. Snorkelers examined a total of 259 nests in a small, mesotrophic lake in north-central Florida from 2010 to 2012. We compared nest survival rates with accumulated degree-days, largest temperature drop following nest discovery, nest score, presence of a guarding male bass, and size of the guarding male. The most important factor in determining nest survival was the presence of a male bass. However, guarding male fish were only observed on 66% of active nests despite multiple visits to each nest, indicating a lower tendency to remain with the brood than has been reported in other Micropterus species. Florida Bass have displayed lower nest guarding behaviors in other studies; a prolonged spawning season and the...
IRREGULAR SHOCK REFRACTIONS AT A MATERIAL INTERFACE

The collision of a shock with a material interface produces a variety of complicated diffraction patterns. We consider waves produced by transitions from self-similar refractions to more complicated configurations. The analysis can be used in front tracking simulations of shock- fluid interface interactions to provide enhanced resolution computations of such flows.
Age and Perceived Risks and Benefits of Preventive Genomic Screening

As genome sequencing moves from research to clinical practice, sequencing technologies focused on “medically actionable” targets are being promoted for preventive screening despite the dearth of systematic evidence of risks and benefits and of criteria for selection of screening subjects. This study investigates researchers’ and research participants’ perceptions of these issues within the context of a preventive genomic screening study, GeneScreen. We recorded researcher deliberations regarding age eligibility criteria and the risks and benefits of screening, and conducted interviews with 50 GeneScreen participants about their motivations for joining and their perceptions of risks and benefits. Researchers made assumptions about who would want and benefit from screening based on age. After discussion, researchers opted not to have an upper age limit for enrollment. Participants of all ages perceived similar benefits, including prevention, treatment, and cascade testing, and similar risks, such as insurance discrimination and worry. While clinical benefits of preventive genomic screening for older adults are debatable, our respondents perceived a range of benefits of screening in both clinical and research settings. Researchers and clinicians should carefully consider decisions about whether to exclude older adults and whether to provide information about benefits and risks across age groups.
Global patterns of dust and bedrock nutrient supply to montane ecosystems

A global compilation of erosion rates and modeled dust fluxes shows that dust inputs can be a large fraction of total soil inputs, particularly when erosion is slow and soil residence time is therefore long. These observations suggest that dust-derived nutrients can be vital to montane ecosystems, even when nutrient supply from bedrock is substantial. We tested this hypothesis using neodymium isotopes as a tracer of mineral phosphorus contributions to vegetation in the Sierra Nevada, California, where rates of erosion and dust deposition are both intermediate within the global compilation. Neodymium isotopes in pine needles, dust, and bedrock show that dust contributes most of the neodymium in vegetation at the site. Together, the global data sets and isotopic tracers confirm the ecological significance of dust in eroding mountain landscapes. This challenges conventional assumptions about dust-derived nutrients, expanding the plausible range of dust-reliant ecosystems to include many temperate montane regions, despite their relatively high rates of erosion and bedrock nutrient supply.
Burnout Rates in Pediatric Emergency Medicine Physicians.

Objective Burnout is a syndrome in which a reduced sense of personal accomplishment, depersonalization, and emotional exhaustion develop in response to prolonged stress. It is well known that physicians suffer high rates of burnout; emergency medicine physicians experience significantly increased rates of burnout, whereas physicians in other specialties, like pediatrics, may be spared. Pediatric emergency medicine physicians are on the frontline of care for the critically ill child, which could put them at high risk for burnout. This study evaluates the rate of burnout in pediatric emergency medicine physicians. Methods We conducted a survey assessing burnout using a sample of pediatric emergency medicine physicians who subscribe to an open Listserv server maintained by Brown University. Burnout was measured using a validated instrument, the Maslach Burnout Inventory-Human Services Survey, which was distributed by e-mail to the study group. Results Respondents averaged a score of 9 (95% confidence interval [CI], 8-10), 23 (95% CI, 21-25), and 39 (95% CI, 38-40) in the subscales of depersonalization, emotional exhaustion, and personal accomplishment, respectively. This placed our cohort into the average range for all subscales. The percentage of respondents who scored in the high levels of burnout (moderate to high scores in both depersonalization and emotional exhaustion and low to moderate scores in personal accomplishment) was 25% (95% CI, 18-32). Conclusions Unlike previous literature showing burnout prevalence in excess of 60% in emergency medicine physicians and 38% in pediatricians, our pediatric emergency medicine physicians fared better with only 25% (95% CI, 18-32), showing elevated levels of burnout.
The efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation by normal and leukemic human leukocytes.

Davis, Virginia E., Wilson, William L. and Spurr, Charles L.: The efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation by normal and leukemic human leukocytes. Blood 13 :367-375 (April), 1958. P. 369, line 11: for "reagent bank," read "reagent blank." P. 370, line 5: for "3 µM DNP," read "3 µM DPN." P. 370, table 1, column 1: for "DNP," read "DPN."