cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Methimazole and propylthiouracil inhibit the oxygen free radical-induced expression of a 72 kilodalton heat shock protein in Graves' retroocular fibroblasts.

Reactive oxygen species are generated in tissues by activated mononuclear cells and macrophages. These cells infiltrate the thyroid gland in Graves' disease (GD), as well as the retroocular and pretibial space in Graves' ophthalmopathy and pretibial myxedema (PTM). Because a 72 kilodalton heat shock protein (HSP 72) is associated with autoimmune thyroid disease and is selectively expressed in fibroblasts derived from involved sites of patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy and pretibial myxedema, we studied the influence of oxygen free radicals (OFR), oxygen radical scavangers (ORS), and antithyroid drugs on HSP 72 expression in Graves' retroocular fibroblasts. Fibroblast monolayers were exposed to hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) or heat stress with simultaneous treatment, or pretreatment, with the ORS diaminobenzidine, nicotinamide, glutathione, propylthiouracil (PTU), or methimazole (MT). HSP 72 expression was determined by sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide-gel electrophoresis, followed by immunoblotting with...
Production of clones of homozygous diploid zebra fish ( Brachydanio rerio )

Homozygous diploid zebra fish have been produced on a large scale by the application of simple physical treatments. Clones of homozygous fish have been produced from individual homozygotes. These clones and associated genetic methods will facilitate genetic analyses of this vertebrate.
Spinodal decomposition in nickel based nickel-titanium allols

Abstract The earll stages of the decomposition process in Ni based Ni-Ti allols have been studied bl means of transmission electron microscopl. It was found that the supersaturated solid solution of Ti in Ni decomposes bl the spinodal mechanism into periodic and aligned regions lhich are Ti rich and Ti lean. After a critical amount of Ti enters the Ti rich regions, thel order continuousll to the Ll 2 (Cu 3 Au) structure. The tlo processes then continue together until the fulll ordered metastable γ′ particles are formed.
Influence of Microbial Growth on the Redox Potential of Fermented Cucumbers

Commonly, pH measurements are used during the production of fermented cucumbers to indirectly monitor growth of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and acid production. Redox potential (E(h)) measurements, which are determined by the potential of an electron to reduce an acceptor, could serve as an alternative tool to monitor the progress of fermentation allowing the detection of the metabolic activity and/or growth of LAB and other microorganisms. Pasteurized and inoculated jars of cucumbers were observed to better understand how the E(h) changes during the cucumber fermentation and how it could be used as a monitoring tool. Jars of diced, brined cucumbers were pasteurized and inoculated with microbes previously isolated from fermented cucumbers including Lactobacillus plantarum, Zygosaccharomyces globiformis, and Enterobacter aerogenes. Although an initial decrease in E(h) was observed for all microorganisms, distinctive trends in E(h) occurred when these organisms were inoculated. After a 2-wk fermentation period, the E(h) (Ag/AgCl, 3 M KCl) in jars inoculated with L. plantarum, Z. globiformis, and E. aerogenes was at +453 +/- 55, +104 +/- 5, and -156 +/- 73 mV, respectively. Cucumbers inoculated with a mixture of L. plantarum and Z. globiformis had a terminal E(h) value of +202 +/- 24 mV, which was between that found for the individual microorganisms. L. plantarum dominated the E(h) trend when inoculated along with E. aerogenes with a final E(h) of +411 +/- 72 mV. The results showed that changes in E(h) continued after pH measurements became stable. Thus E(h) measurement can provide a tool to continuously monitor microbial growth during the course of cucumber fermentations.
Pigmented lesions in children: when to worry.

Purpose of reviewAlthough the incidence of melanoma in adolescents and adults has risen dramatically in the past few decades, childhood melanoma remains uncommon. It is therefore important for pediatricians to be aware of the natural history and clinical spectrum of melanocytic nevi in children as w
Surface-charge properties and UO22+ adsorption of a subsurface smectite

Abstract Surface charge and UO22+ adsorption were measured on a clay-sized, subsurface mineral isolate whose mineralogy was dominated by a ferrogenous beidellite. Experiments were performed in batch at 25°C with N2(g) atmosphere and sorbent suspensions (9.46 g clay/kg suspension) that had been adjusted in pH between 4 and 9. Surface charge was defined by measurements of adsorbed Na by isotopic exchange and of proton adsorption by potentiometric titration in NaClO4 (I = 0.1, 0.01, 0.001). Extraction of the clay with La(NO3)3 and aqueous-phase analyses were necessary to establish the contributions of Al and Si dissolution to the proton balance and the total adsorbed cation charge (i.e., Naads+ + 3Alads3+). The adsorption of UO22+ (7.5 × 10−6 mol L−1) was determined in Na+ (0.1, 0.01, 0.001 mol L−1) and Ca2+ (0.05 and 0.005 mol L−1) electrolytes. Adsorption of UO22+ showed contributions of ion exchange and edge complexation reactions in Na+ electrolyte, but by only edge complexation reactions in Ca2+ electrolyte. A multiple-site surface-complexation model containing fixed- X− and variable-charge sites (SiOH, AlOH) was fit to adsorbed cation charge data between pH 4 and 10, with the concentrations of AlOH, SiOH, and X− as the adjustable parameters. Surface acidity and ion-pair formation constants for gibbsite and silica were used to describe the ionization and electrolyte binding of the AlOH and SiOH sites. The model provided an excellent description of the surface-charge characteristics of the clay as measured by sodium isotopic exchange and potentiometric titration. A composite model was formulated to predict UO22+ adsorption by incorporating UO22+ aqueous speciation, competitive ion exchange with background electrolyte cations, and UO22+ complexation with AlOH and SiOH sites. UO22+ complexation with AlOH and SiOH was parameterized by UO22+ sorption on α-Al(OH)3(s) and α-SiO2(s), respectively. The composite model overpredicted UO22+ sorption across the entire pH range in both electrolytes. Acceptable predictions could be obtained if the UO22+ affinity for edge AlOH sites were adjusted 2.03 log units below that of gibbsite. Changes in chemical affinity arising from lattice substitutions and edge site morphology are, therefore, concluded to contribute significantly to adsorption, although the potential competitive effects of dissolved Al3+ and H4SiO4 could not be discounted. The adsorption of UO22+ on the subsurface smectite was similar to that of the reference montmorillonite, SWy-1, with the exception that Al dissolution contributed significantly to adsorbed cation charge.
Flexible Scheduling and Affective Learning.

1 This research was supported by the Faculty Grant‐In‐Aid Program of Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona.
Ranking and estimation of related means in two—way models—a Bayesian approach

A hierarchical Bayesian approach to ranking and selection as well as estimation of related means in two—way models is considered. Using the method of Monte Carlo simulation with importance sampling, we are able to carry out efficiently the three or four dimensional integrations as needed. An example is included to illustrate the methodology.
Light-cone quantization: Study of a soluble model with q -number anticommutator

A massless Dirac field interacting with a massive vector meson in two-dimensional space-time is considered in an attempt to gain further understanding of interacting systems quantized in light-cone coordinates. It is shown that the solution is equivalent not to the same system quantized on a spacelike surface, but rather to a single-component fermion model already known in the literature. The commutation relations among the field variables are found to be interaction dependent, with the fermion anticommutator having a $q$-number term in addition to the usual $\ensuremath{\delta}$ function. This latter feature may be traced to the fact that the number of degrees of freedom of the light-cone quantized system is fewer than that of the single-component fermion model to which it is equivalent, with this discrepancy in the number of independent dynamical variables being exactly compensated by the interaction-dependent terms in the commutation relations. Some possible applications to four-dimensional space-time are briefly discussed.
Single-machine scheduling with early and tardy completion costs

We address a single-machine scheduling problem in which penalties are assigned for early and tardy completion of jobs. These penalties are common in industrial settings where early job completion can cause the cash commitment to resources in a time frame earlier than needed, giving rise to early completion penalties. Tardiness penalties arise from a variety of sources, such as loss of customer goodwill, opportunity costs of lost sales, and direct cash penalties. Accounting for earliness cost makes the performance measure nonregular, and this nonregularity has apparently discouraged researchers from seeking solutions to this problem. We found that it is not much more difficult to design an enumerative search for this problem than it would be if the performance measure were regular. We present and demonstrate an efficient timetabling procedure which can be embedded in an enumerative algorithm allowing the search to be conducted over the domain of job permutations.© 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Monte Carlo train derailment model for risk assessment

A Monte Carlo train over-speed derailment model for risk assessment is developed based on the derailment coefficient (wheel lateral and vertical force ratio). The model considers a one lump train negotiating on curved tracks or tangent tracks. The derailment coefficients for these two situations are calculated and the probabilities of train derailment are obtained to enhance a large scale Monte Carlo railroad risk assessment simulator called the axiomatic safety critical assessment process (ASCAP). A genetic algorithm based approach is taken to performing the validation of this Monte Carlo train derailment model. From the perspective of railroad risk assessment, the model is analysed and compared with an empirical formula, which is currently used in ASCAP. The Monte Carlo train over-speed derailment model will replace the current empirical formula in ASCAP simulator and will be able to provide a more realistic determination of the probability of train derailment.
Selection of load balancing parameters 1

Wegman (1991) introduced a load balancing algorithm for use in parallel computing when the execution times of individual node tasks are not known apriori. This algorithm divides each node task into two subtasks—one of which is assigned immediately to a node and the other used to fill in idle time. Inherent in this algorithm is the selection of a load balancing parameter representing the “fraction” of each task initially assigned to a node. This paper studies the selection of this parameter as a function of the distribution of task execution times and the number of available processing nodes. Several criteria are considered: minimization of the total execution time, maximization of the improvement over sequential processing, and maximization of the improvement over parallel processing without further load balancing.
Localization and Nonlinear Resistance in Telescopically Extended Nanotubes

The study of carbon nanotube electronic transport is an active experimental and theoretical research area. It has been demonstrated that single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWNTs) are physical realizations of ideal quantum wires with ballistic conduction [1–3]. Electronic conduction through multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWNTs), on the other hand, is complicated by intershell interactions and possible wave function interference between electronic states on different shells of the composite tube. For charge transport in such MWNTs the experimental understanding is complicated, with different studies variously supporting quantized electrical conductance, conductance dominated by transport along the outermost shell, diffusive scattering, and current-induced damage [2,4 –8]. Part of the difficulty is that most transport experiments are performed without detailed knowledge of the MWNT geometrical characteristics as might be obtained via high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Recently, it was demonstrated that the core shells of MWNTs could be controllably telescoped from their outer shell housings, thus constituting low-friction linear bearings [8–10]. Such experiments were performed insitu inside a high-resolution TEM, allowing simultaneous imaging of the MWNT system. An interesting measurement enabled by this geometry is the determination of the electrical resistance R between the ends of a telescoped MWNT as the telescoping distance, x ,i s varied. In this Letter, we report on the results of such measurements. For all nanotubes studied, R is found to increase nonlinearly with increasing x. The functional
Distributed Generation of Electricity: The Role of Academic Research and Advice in California’s “Clean DG” Policy Network

Deregulation and the combined threats of energy crises and global warming concern nations around the world, yet these issues continue to be addressed more directly by domestic regulatory systems than by international institutions. The present analyses of the integration of distributed sources of power generation (DG) into California’s electric utility system suggests that domestic environmental dilemmas with international repercussions provide an obvious entree for global environmental policy specialists into the practice of environmental policy-making and law. Here I review current scholarship on policy networks that illuminates the contributions that technical and policy experts can make to such networks surrounding environmental issues. I then introduce the key members of California’s “clean DG” policy network that emphasizes the role of academic experts in this influential political system, and discuss how my own research has impacted the development of the state’s DG policy. I conclude that scholars are well positioned to observe and engage domestic and international environmental policy networks, and thereby also to influence environmental politics and law.
The Influence of Management, Breed, and Season upon the pH of Bull Semen

Summary A study of the pH of 371 semen samples from 66 bulls in five studs was made over a period of 11 months. A highly significant correlation was found between the pH levels and the individual studs. It would appear that the conditions at the stud exerted a marked effect upon the pH level of semen produced. From one stud to another, the pH levels between the first ejaculations and the second were markedly different, further indicating the effect of individual stud management upon semen production. A positive correlation was observed between the pH readings taken from the semen of the individual bulls within the different breeds. The semen of individual bulls, irrespective of breed, tended to maintain a constant pH level. A definite seasonal fluctuation could be recognized as there were marked variations throughout the 11 months of study. The authors wish to express their appreciation to Dr. G. E. Dickerson, formerly Geneticist with the Regional Swine Breeding Laboratory, Ames, Iowa, now associate professor of animal husbandry, Columbia, Mo., for his assistance in setting up the statistical analyses.
New form of dynamics and current algebra

Abstract We study a new form of dynamical system, in which the commutation relations for the dynamical variables of a quantized field are defined on a “lightlike surface τ≡ (t+z) 2 =0 rather than at one instant of time t = 0. We clarify the physical implications of the use of the new variables x1 = x, x2 = y, x + = (t+z) 2 , x − = (t−z) 2 and explore its significance as a new form of relativistic dynamics, which holds in any Lorentz frame but not in the so-called “infinite momentum frame.” Using the quark model, we build up a new algebra of currents, in which the current commutators are defined at equal τ. The sum rules and other results of the usual current algebra can be obtained without taking the unjustifiable limit of infinite momentum. In particular, we obtain the Gell-Mann-Okubo mass formulas in quadratic form for both mesons and baryons without the trouble due to momentum dependence. We derive the reduction formula and find the physical high energy limit (not the Bjorken limit) of an amplitude is determined by the equal τ commutator.
MULTIPLE ASSESSMENT OF MANAGERIAL EFFECTIVENESS: INTERRATER AGREEMENT AND CONSENSUS IN EFFECTIVENESS MODELS

Research has consistently identified poor interrater agreement among multiple assessments of managerial performance. Three alternative sources of dissensus in the effectiveness ratings were examined: rating errors, selective perceptions, and variations in criteria type or weight. As the available empirical evidence and theoretical analysis show, all three causes provide plausible reasons—though in varying degrees—for the low agreement coefficient. However, an empirical study designed to test three specific hypotheses on criterion type and criterion weights found consensus in the effectiveness models of superiors, subordinates, and peers. Consensus among different raters was high on both the role behaviors and on the personal traits of the managers as criteria for effectiveness. While these findings supported Biddle's role theory (1979), disagreement on the relative weights of these criteria was evident. These observations underscore the need for further conceptualization on the preference functions of raters as a primary source of the low convergent validity coefficients among multiple raters. Further research is also desirable on contextual and cognitive factors that may lead to shifts in criterion type and criterion weight, as well as on actual rating error tendencies among different raters.
New Neurons Maintain Efficient Stress Recovery

Adult neurogenesis has been the focus of intense investigation, but the function of new neurons remains elusive. Snyder et al. (2011) report that new neurons in the hippocampus play an important role in appropriate shut-off of the stress response.
Particle volatility in the vicinity of a freeway with heavy-duty diesel traffic

Abstract During February–March 2006, a major field sampling campaign was conducted adjacent to the Interstate 710 (I-710) freeway in Los Angeles, CA. I-710 has high traffic volumes (ca. 11,000 vehicles h−1) and a high percentage (17–18%) of heavy-duty diesel vehicle (HDDV) traffic. The volatility of ambient particles of 20, 40, 80 and 120 nm in diameter was investigated using a Tandem Differential Mobility Analyzer (TDMA) at two locations—close to the freeway (10 m) and approximately 150 m downwind. The smallest particles (20 nm) are largely volatile at both locations. Larger particles, e.g., ⩾40 nm) showed evidence of external mixing, with the non-volatile fraction increasing with particle size. Particle volatility increased with decreasing ambient temperature. The HDDVs contribute to relatively larger non-volatile particle number and volume fractions and greater external mixing than earlier observations at a pure light-duty gasoline vehicle freeway [Kuhn et al., 2005c. Atmospheric Environment 39, 7154–7166]. Finally, the fraction of externally mixed soot particles decreased as the downwind distance increased from the I-710, due to atmospheric processes such as vapor adsorption and condensation as well as particle coagulation.
MPEG/JPEG Encoder Architecture Using Hybrid Technologies

In this paper, we will discuss how we design high-performance hardware implementation architecture of the JPEG/MPEG encoders using hybrid technologies-analog optics and digital VLSI. A major costly computation of the JPEG/MPEG standard is the 2D discrete cosine transform. We design a powerful highly-parallel optical computing technique to perform the cosine transform and use VLSI for additional control-required functions. It can significantly save the cell count and improve the performance by combining the best features of optics and VLSI.© (1996) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Choice reaction time and speed of information processing in old age.

Simple and choice RT were investigated in 54 male Ss, aged 34 to 92 yr. Findings suggested that old age is accompanied by a slowing of information processing.
A Cytoskeletal Mechanism for Ca2+ Channel Metabolic Dependence and Inactivation by Intracellular Ca2+

Many different types of voltage-dependent Ca 2+ channels inactivate when intracellular ATP declines or intracellular Ca 2+ rises. An inside-out, patch-clamp technique was applied to the Ca 2+ channels of Lymnaea neurons to determine the mechanism(s) underlying these two phenomena. Although no evidence was found for a phosphorylation mechanism, agents that act on the cytoskeleton were found to alter Ca 2+ channel activity. The cytoskeletal disrupters colchicine and cytochalasin B were found to speed Ca 2+ channel decline in ATP, whereas the cytoskeletal stabilizers taxol and phalloidin were found to prolong Ca 2+ channel activity without ATP. In addition, cytoskeletal stabilizers reduced Ca 2+ -dependent channel inactivation, suggesting that both channel metabolic dependence and Ca 2+ -dependent inactivation result from a cytoskeletal interaction.
Fermentation of 10% (w/v) sugar to D: (-)-lactate by engineered Escherichia coli B.

Derivatives of ethanologenic Escherichia coli K011 were constructed for d(−)-lactate production by deleting genes encoding competing pathways followed by metabolic evolution, a growth-based selection for mutants with improved performance. Resulting strains, SZ132 and SZ186, contain native genes for sucrose utilization. No foreign genes are present in SZ186. Strain SZ132 also contains a chromosomally integrated endoglucanase gene (Erwinia chrysanthemi celY). Strain SZ132 produced over 1 mol lactate per liter of complex medium containing 10% (w/v) sugar (fermentation times of 48 h for glucose, 120 h for sucrose). Both strains produced 667–700 mmol lactate per liter of mineral salts medium. Yields for metabolized sugar ranged from 88% to 95% in both media.
ALS User Meeting Highlights Accomplishments and Challenges

The 2015 User Meeting brought together 405 ALS users from around the world, many of whom shared insights and sparked discussion with presentations of their ALS research highlights. UEC Chair Chris Cappa launched the meeting with a welcome, followed by another from Berkeley Lab Director Paul Alivisatos. Speaking of the vitality and community that's key to the ALS, Alivisatos also touched on how the ALS could be utilized and optimized with a high-coherence upgrade. ALS Director Roger Falcone outlined short-term and long-term planning for the ALS, with ongoing efforts to develop new beamlines and capabilities within the next three years and beyond.
The calculation of habit planes for elastic transformations by minimization of their elastic strain energy

By using Eshelby’s method for the determination of the stresses and strains generated in a transformation, the shape and orientation of an ellipsoidal region of transformed phase that minimizes the elastic strain energy accompanying the transformation are calculated together with the change in elastic strain energy. The orientation of minimum total energy describes the habit plane. The applicability of the approach is demonstrated by showing that the habit planes of twins in cubic crystals, and martensitic plates in In-20 pct TI and Fe-31 pct Ni, which have been calculated by other methods, can alternatively be determined by this method. It is then used to calculate that the habit plane for martensitic plates in bulk, high density, oriented orthorhombic polyethylene should be (4.67,1,0) orthorhombic. As a consequence of these calculations it is shown that minimization of the total elastic strain energy must be the dominating factor in the nucleation event of transformed products in most metals.
Improved cell surface radioiodination of macrophages.

Abstract Rabbit alveolar macrophages at high cell concentrations are inefficiently radiolabeled by the usual lactoperoxidase-catalyzed iodination method. Soluble macromolecules secreted by macrophages were found to inhibit the radioiodination of macrophages and other cells. A modified procedure is described which minimizes the presence of such inihibitory material and thereby considerably improves the radioiodination efficiency for both alviolar macrophages and the macrophage-like P388D 1 cell line.
Applying Basic Neuroscience to Aphasia Therapy

Advances in basic neuroscience have increased our knowledge about the neural processes underlying learning and memory and the cortical reorganization that occurs in response to environmental demand...
Normal Patterns of Acid Exposure at the Gastric Cardia: A Functional Midpoint Between the Esophagus and Stomach

Normal Patterns of Acid Exposure at the Gastric Cardia: A Functional Midpoint Between the Esophagus and Stomach
Increased influenza vaccination of healthcare workers at a pediatric cancer hospital : Results of a comprehensive influenza vaccination campaign

A comprehensive influenza vaccination campaign improved vaccination rates among healthcare workers with direct patient care responsibilities from 45% during the 2003-2004 influenza season to 80% during the 2004-2005 season. A strategy of weekly feedback to unvaccinated employees was the most important factor in enhancing the rate of vaccination acceptance and was particularly effective among the nursing staff.
Fundus laser coagulation using a video system of scanning laser ophthalmoscope

We modified a scanning laser ophthalmoscope for simultaneous photocoagulation of the retina and video recording. Using a diode laser (810 nm wavelength), we produced fundus lesions that scarred within 14 days. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Effects of Keratinocyte Growth Factor on Healing of Tympanic Membrane Perforations

Tympanic membrane (TM) perforations heal by reepithelialization and fibrous layer proliferation. The rat TM model may be used to study growth factors that promote epithelialization and fibroblast proliferation, such as epidermal growth factor (EGF) and fibroblast growth factor (FGF). The authors previously evaluated the effects of FGF on tympanic membrane perforations and showed an enhanced rate of wound healing with preservation of normal structure and function. The same model was used to test keratinocyte growth factor (KGF, also called FGF-7). This growth factor has been shown to stimulate the migration and proliferation of keratinocytes. This is the first study investigating KGF in the tympanic membrane perforation model. Our results show that in contrast to FGF and EGF, KGF does not enhance the rate of wound healing, but rather results in a more organized wound repair process.
Effects of retinol on the temporal expression of transforming growth factor-α mRNA in the embryonic mouse mandible

Development of the mouse embryonic mandible from days 9 to 14 involves tissue interactions in the formation of bone, cartilage, salivary glands and teeth. Growth factors may play an important role in these interactions. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) mRNA expression has been characterized and its presence has been shown to be necessary for odontogenesis. In addition, retinol alters the pattern of dental lamina formation; this effect is correlated with an alteration of the expression of the mRNA for this mitogen (EGF). Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF alpha) mRNA expression has now been characterized by polymerase chain reaction for this entire period of development (days 9-14). Although the mRNA is present at the same time as EGF (days 9 and 10 only), retinol does not alter the expression of this mitogen as it does EGF. This suggests that retinoids may act to control the proliferative pattern of the dental lamina through EGF expression and not TGF alpha expression, although mRNAs for both mitogens are present at the same time.
Adventitial changes in pulmonary vasculature in congenital diaphragmatic hernia complicated by pulmonary hypertension.

Abstract Purpose: The purpose of this study was to characterize structural changes in the pulmonary vasculature in congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) complicated by persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH) with particular emphasis on adventitial thickness. Methods: Victorian blue Van Gieson (VVG) staining and immunostaining with antialpha smooth muscle actin (ASMA) were performed on lung tissues obtained at autopsy from 23 patients with CDH complicated by PPH and 11 age-matched control tissues of sudden infant death syndrome patients (SIDS). The degree of medial and adventitial thickening was measured in pulmonary arteries with an external diameter (ED) of less than 75 μm, 75 to 100 μm, 100 to 150 μm, 150 to 250 μm, 250 to 500 μm, and greater than 500 μm by IPS-4.01 image analyzer and compared statistically. The degree of medial thickening and adventitial thickening was also measured in pulmonary veins with an ED of less than 100 μm, 100 to 200 μm, and greater than 200 μm. To determine whether the characteristic structural changes were size related, each was related to ED. The area of adventitia and media of the pulmonary arteries and veins was measured using image analyzer. Results: There was a significant increase in medial and adventitial thickness in arteries of all sizes in CDH patients compared with controls ( P P P P P Conclusions: The present study provides the first quantitative demonstration of structural alterations in pulmonary veins in addition to pulmonary arteries in CDH complicated by PPH. The structural remodeling of the pulmonary vein is perhaps as a result of an increase in transvascular pressure in PPH.
Violence on television: The Cultural Indicators Project.

(1995). Standpoint: Violence on television: The cultural indicators project. Journal of Broadcasting & Electronic Media: Vol. 39, No. 2, pp. 278-283.
Inelastic seismic response of one-storey, asymmetric-plan systems : effects of stiffness and strength distribution

The effects of plan-wise distribution of stiffness and strength-as determined by the number, location, orientation and yield deformations of resisting elements-on the inelastic response of one-storey systems are evaluated. In particular, various systems are investigated for wide ranges of parameters involved, with the objective of establishing how the response is influenced by: (i) the presence of resisting elements perpendicular to the direction of ground motion; (ii) the number of resisting elements along the direction of ground motion; (iii) the overstrength typical of code-designed buildings; (iv) the relative values of strength and stiffness eccentricities; and (v) whether the asymmetry of the system is due to eccentricity in stiffness or in mass. The results presented for a simple excitation make it possible to explain the inconsistencies in conclusions from various earlier investigations, and to evaluate their applicability to actual buildings.
Endotoxin-Induced Susceptibility to Staphylococcal Infection and Its Reversal by Adrenergic Blocking Agents

Abstract Sultzer, Barnet M. (Princeton Laboratories, Inc., Princeton, N.J.), and Henry H. Freedman. Endotoxin-induced susceptibility to staphylococcal infection and its reversal by adrenergic blocking agents. J. Bacteriol. 90:1001–1006. 1965.—The transient phase of increased susceptibility to bacterial infection in mice provoked by prior administration of small doses of endotoxin was investigated for possible mediation by vasoactive substances. Animals were given endotoxin intravenously shortly before intraperitoneal injection of Staphylococcus aureus Smith, thereby lowering the lethal inoculum 10-fold. To determine whether this susceptibility state could be obviated, mice were pretreated with phenoxybenzamine or dibenzylchlorethylamine. Mortality decreased from an average of 81% in the endotoxin control groups to about 23% in the treated mice, closely approximating the mortality in control mice injected with saline and staphylococci. Neither antiadrenergic agent independently altered the resistance of mice to a higher lethal staphylococcal challenge, nor did these materials induce extravascular leukocyte mobilization into the peritoneal cavity. The results suggest a possible role of vasoactive staphylococcal α-toxin, as well as epinephrine or epinephrine-like factors, in this altered state of resistance to staphylococcal infection.
Calyculin synthetic studies. 2. Stereocontrolled assembly of the C(9)-C(13) dithiane and C(26)-C(37) oxazole intermediates

Abstract The C(9)-C(13) dithiane (+)- 2 and C(26)-C(37) γ-amino acid/oxazole (+)- 5 , key building blocks for calyculin total synthesis, have been elaborated in homochiral form. Noteworthy features of the schemes include stereocontrolled generation of the C(36) steeocenter, exploiting a nucleophilic addition to the N-acyliminium cation derived from (+)- 24 , and amide formation via aluminum-mediated coupling of γ-lactam (−)- 11 with amine (−)- 12 .
Fixed-dose combination of sofosbuvir and ledipasvir for the treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 1

Introduction: The recent October 2014 approval of the fixed dose combination (FDC) of the NS5B polymerase inhibitor sofosbuvir (SOF) and the NS5A inhibitor ledipasvir (LDV) for the treatment of treatment-naive and -experienced HCV genotype 1a/1b (HCV-1) has marked a new era of IFN and ribavirin free treatment for chronic hepatitis C. SOF/LDV combination is approved for 12 weeks in treatment-naive patients with and without cirrhosis. For treatment-experienced patients, it is approved for 12 weeks in patients without cirrhosis but for 24 weeks in patients with cirrhosis. A shorter 8-week course of treatment can be considered for treatment-naive patients who have pretreatment HCV RNA of < 6 million IU/ml and do not have cirrhosis.Areas covered: The purpose of this synopsis is to review the pharmacotherapy and results of pivotal clinical trials for SOF/LDV as the current standard-of-care for HCV-1 patients. We also briefly discuss emerging data with SOF/LDV for certain special populations. Preliminary data is...
Foster Care and Healing from Complex Childhood Trauma

Children enter foster care with many forms of adversity and trauma beyond maltreatment that impact their short- and long-term physical, mental, and developmental health and their adaptation to their new care environment. Applying an understanding of the impact of toxic stress on the developing brain and body allows the health care provider to understand findings in this vulnerable population. Complex trauma alters immune response, neurodevelopment, and the genome, resulting in predictable and significant cognitive, behavioral, and physical consequences. Pediatric care of children in foster care must be trauma informed to meet their medical, mental health, and developmental needs.
Childhood and Adolescent Animal Cruelty Methods and Their Possible Link to Adult Violent Crimes

Few researchers have investigated the potentially predictive power of childhood and adolescent animal cruelty methods as they are associated with subsequent interpersonal violence in adulthood. Based on a sample of 261 inmates at medium- and maximum-security prisons in a southern state, the present study examines the relationship between several retrospectively reported animal cruelty methods (drowned, hit or kicked, shot, choked, burned, and had sex) and violent criminal acts committed against humans (assault, rape, and murder). More than half of the sample reported they had shot animals, and almost half had either kicked or hit them. About one in five said they had choked animals, and about one in seven said they had either drowned, burned, or had sex with them. Regression analyses revealed that drowning and having sex with an animal was predictive of later interpersonal violence as adults.
Lymphography: A Great Advance, Abandoned

Bipedal lymphography (LAG), a radiologic diagnostic procedure, was a dramatic advance when introduced almost 50 years ago. The procedure enabled radiologists and clinicians to visualize previously undetectable lymphadenopathy in the retroperitoneum. The procedure was difficult to perform, involving the cannulation of almost invisible lymphatics in the dorsum of the feet, usually with a 30-gauge needle, and infusing a viscous, fat-soluble, iodine-containing contrast solution (ethiodol) over a period of several hours. Usually a dye, methylene blue or chlorophyll, was injectedsubcutaneouslybetweenthetoestovisualizethelymphatics.Thiswasoftenpainful,withprolongeddiscolorationofthefeet, sometimes resulting in infection. The ethiodol dye traversed up the lower extremity lymphatics into the retroperitoneum, entered the cysterna chyli and thoracic duct, emptying into the left subclavian vein, and then to the lungs, with acceptable minimal pulmonary symptomatology. The dye is retained by the phagocytic cells of the lymph nodes for a period of 1 to 2 years, but sometimes longer, and is easily visualized with plain diagnostic x-ray studies. Abnormal lymph nodes, as small as 1 cm, could be identified
Retrorectal cystic hamartoma: report of 5 cases with malignancy arising in 2.

Abstract Background.—Retrorectal cystic hamartomas, or tailgut cysts, are rare congenital lesions that typically present as presacral masses. These lesions are frequently clinically unrecognized and misdiagnosed. Malignant change is extremely rare. Only 10 additional cases with associated malignancy were recovered from the literature. We describe the clinicopathologic features of 5 cases, including 2 cases with malignant transformation. Results.—All patients were women (age range, 36–69 years). The most common symptoms were pain with defecation and rectal bleeding. One patient was asymptomatic. All lesions presented as multicystic presacral masses and all were surgically resected. The lesions varied in size from approximately 2 to 12 cm (average, 9.5 cm) and overall had similar histology composed of a variety of epithelial linings (stratified squamous, transitional, and simple or ciliated pseudostratified columnar). Skin adnexa, neural elements, and heterologous mesenchymal tissue, discriminators between ...
Entropy of spatiotemporal data as a dynamic truncation indicator for model reduction applications

We have provided a methodology for retrieving spatial and temporal eigenfunctions from an ensemble of data. Focusing on a Newtonian fluid flow problem, we illustrate that the efficacy of these two families of eigenfunctions can be different when used in model reduction projections. The above observation can be of critical importance for low-order modeling of distributed parameter systems in on-line control applications, due to the computational savings that are introduced. For the particular fluid flow problem, we introduce the use of the entropy of the data ensemble as the criterion for choosing the appropriate eigenfunction family. Finally, we examine the use of the entropy as a dynamic truncation indicator.
Contention-aware application mapping for Network-on-Chip communication architectures

In this paper, we analyze the impact of network contention on the application mapping for tile-based network-on-chip (NoC) architectures. Our main theoretical contribution consists of an integer linear programming (ILP) formulation of the contention-aware application mapping problem which aims at minimizing the inter-tile network contention. To solve the scalability problem caused by ILP formulation, we propose a linear programming (LP) approach followed by an mapping heuristic. Taken together, they provide near-optimal solutions while reducing the runtime significantly. Experimental results show that, compared to other existing mapping approaches based on communication energy minimization, our contention-aware mapping technique achieves a significant decrease in packet latency (and implicitly, a throughput increase) with a negligible communication energy overhead.
Adaptive Tuning and Control of a Hard Disk Drive

This paper deals with the implementation of adaptive tuning and control on a computer hard disk drive (HDD). A model-based adaptive loop is added to a LTI stabilizing controller to minimize the position control error of the HDD head. This adaptive loop may be used in either of two modes: control tuning (CT) or real-time fully adaptive control (RTFAC). The former (CT) consists of adapting a FIR filter to compensate for unknown disturbance dynamics using the inverse QR-RLS algorithm. Once the filter has converged it is wrapped into the LTI controller and a new tuning process is performed, iteratively improving the control performance. The second method (RTFAC) consists of adapting indefinitely a FIR filter to compensate for unknown disturbances. This method is implemented using an unwindowed lattice RLS filter, which makes the scheme converge substantially faster than when using other adaptive algorithms. This pertains to the HDD data seek time. Another innovation in this paper is the introduction of a frequency-weighting filter in the RTFAC scheme, which accounts for robust stability. Experimental results are presented for both adaptive tuning and control methods, programmed on a commercial hard disk drive.
Fast algorithms for sparse principal component analysis based on Rayleigh quotient iteration

We introduce new algorithms for sparse principal component analysis (sPCA), a variation of PCA which aims to represent data in a sparse low-dimensional basis. Our algorithms possess a cubic rate of convergence and can compute principal components with k non-zero elements at a cost of O(nk + k3) flops per iteration. We observe in numerical experiments that these components are of equal or greater quality than ones obtained from current state-of-the-art techniques, but require between one and two orders of magnitude fewer flops to be computed. Conceptually, our approach generalizes the Rayleigh quotient iteration algorithm for computing eigenvectors, and can be viewed as a second-order optimization method. We demonstrate the applicability of our algorithms on several datasets, including the STL-10 machine vision dataset and gene expression data.
Antibacterial and Cell-adhesive Polypeptide and Poly(ethylene glycol) Hydrogel as a Potential Scaffold for Wound Healing

The ideal wound-healing scaffold should provide the appropriate physical and mechanical properties to prevent secondary infection, as well as an excellent physiological environment to facilitate cell adhesion, proliferation and/or differentiation. Therefore, we developed a synthetic cell-adhesive polypeptide hydrogel with inherent antibacterial activity. A series of polypeptides, poly(Lys)(x)(Ala)(y) (x+y=100), with varied hydrophobicity via metal-free ring-opening polymerization of NCA-Lys(Boc) and NCA-Ala monomers (NCA=N-carboxylic anhydride) mediated by hexamethyldisilazane (HMDS) were synthesized. These polypeptides were cross-linked with 6-arm polyethylene glycol (PEG)-amide succinimidyl glutarate (ASG) (M(w)=10K) to form hydrogels with a gelation time of five minutes and a storage modulus (G') of 1400-3000 Pa as characterized by rheometry. The hydrogel formed by cross-linking of poly(Lys)(60)(Ala)(40) (5 wt.%) and 6-arm PEG-ASG (16 wt.%) (Gel-III) exhibited cell adhesion and cell proliferation activities superior to other polypeptide hydrogels. In addition, Gel-III displays significant antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli JM109 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC25923. Thus, we have developed a novel, cell-adhesive hydrogel with inherent antibacterial activity as a potential scaffold for cutaneous wound healing.
MECHANISM OF HYDROCARBON REDUCTION USING MULTIPLE INJECTION IN A NATURAL GAS FUELLED/MICRO-PILOT DIESEL IGNITION ENGINE

AbstractResearch has shown that a large amount of natural gas (NG) is unburned at light loads in an NG fuelled/micro-pilot diesel compression ignition engine. A mechanism of unburned hydrocarbon (HC) reduction using multiple injections of micro-pilot diesel has been proposed in this paper. Multidimensional computations were carried out for a dual-fuel engine based on a modified CAT3401 engine configuration. The computations show that a split injection with a small percentage (e.g. 30 per cent of diesel in the second injection pulse) can significantly reduce HC, CO and NOx emissions. Based on parametric studies to optimize the timing of both of the injection pulses, HC emissions could be reduced by 90 per cent, with a reduction in CO emissions of 50 per cent and NOx emissions of 70 per cent in comparison to a single-injection pulse-base case configuration.
SH2 domains: A question of independence

The three-dimensional structures of parts of two enzymes that contain tandem Src homology 2 (SH2) domains have recently been determined. The structures suggest how the SH2 domains function in concert to regulate enzymatic activity and localization.
A vision-based autonomous lane following system for a mobile robot

In this paper, a vision-based autonomous lane following system for a mobile robot is presented. To achieve the autonomous lane following, the lane images are obtained in real time using a camera fixed mounted on the robot. Lane position is presented based on Lane Boundary Pixel Extractor (LBPE) and Hough Transform in the image coordinate frame, and transformed to the mobile robot coordinate frame using photogrammetric techniques. The visibility of the lane information is checked by the lane width constraints and its parallel property. Path planning of the mobile robot is performed based on mobile robot's position and orientation with respect to the lanes obtained from the vision information. Experimental results demonstrated the feasibility of the approach.
The Masal Bugduv hoax: Football blogging and journalistic authority

In the latter half of 2008 a still-unidentified hoaxer created a fictional soccer player named Masal Bugduv. Initially the subject of blog forum posts made by the hoaxer, Bugduv climbed the feeding chain of European football media by going from an insertion in a Wikipedia page, to comments in forums, to blog posts, and then – after making the leap to more mainstream media – to a football magazine and finally to the ‘Football’s Top 50 Rising Stars’ list of 2009 in The Times (London). This article analyzes the Bugduv hoax as a case study of sources of journalistic authority in blogs. A brief history of the hoax is presented followed by a rhetorical analysis of reasons why the hoax was successful. Although Bugduv eventually jumped journalistic platforms from internet to print, the communications that the hoaxer initiated with the audience were entirely on blogs. By considering the textual dynamics successfully used by the hoaxer in claiming sufficient journalistic authority to sustain the hoax, the sources o...
Evidence That Chromium Modulates Cellular Cholesterol Homeostasis and ABCA1 Functionality Impaired by Hyperinsulinemia—Brief Report

Objective— Trivalent chromium (Cr 3+ ) is an essential micronutrient. Findings since the 1950s suggest that Cr 3+ might benefit cholesterol homeostasis. Here we present mechanistic evidence in support of this role of Cr 3+ . Methods and Results— High-density lipoprotein cholesterol generation in 3T3-L1 adipocytes, which are rendered ineffective by the hyperinsulinemia that is known to accompany disorders of lipid metabolism, was corrected by Cr 3+ . Mechanistically, Cr 3+ reversed hyperinsulinemia-induced cellular cholesterol accrual and associated defects in cholesterol transporter ATP-binding cassette transporter-A1 trafficking and apolipoprotein A1–mediated cholesterol efflux. Moreover, direct activation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which is known to be activated by Cr 3+ , or inhibition of hexosamine biosynthesis pathway activity, which is known to be elevated by hyperinsulinemia, mimics Cr 3+ action. Conclusion— These findings suggest a mechanism of Cr 3+ action that fits with long-standing claims of its role in cholesterol homeostasis. Furthermore, these data imply a mechanistic basis for the coexistence of dyslipidemia with hyperinsulinemia.