cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Interpolation/Extrapolation of Radar Cross-Section (RCS) Data in the Frequency Domain Using the Cauchy Method

We apply the Cauchy method to interpolate/extrapolate the radar cross-section (RCS) data which is amplitude-only data over a given frequency band. This is accomplished by approximating the amplitude-only data by a ratio of two polynomials, the coefficients of which are calculated by using the total least squares (TLS) implementation of a singular value decomposition (SVD) technique so as to properly estimate the dimension of the null space. By applying the Cauchy method, the power spectrum of an electromagnetic system is represented by a set of symmetric pole and zero pairs in the -plane. Once these coefficients in the numerator and the denominator polynomials in the Cauchy method are computed using the amplitude-only data, the response can be interpolated/extrapolated over other frequencies of interest. Numerical examples are presented to illustrate the applicability of the Cauchy method in interpolating/extrapolating RCS data over a frequency band, including a method of generating the phase response from the amplitude-only data.
The benefits of mystery in nature on attention: assessing the impacts of presentation duration

Although research has provided prodigious evidence in support of the cognitive benefits that natural settings have over urban settings, all nature is not equal. Within nature, natural settings that contain mystery are often among the most preferred nature scenes. With the prospect of acquiring new information, scenes of this type could more effectively elicit a person’s sense of fascination, enabling that person to rest the more effortful forms of attention. The present study examined the direct cognitive benefits that mystery in nature has on attention. Settings of this sort presumably evoke a form of attention that is undemanding or effortless. In order to investigate that notion, participants (n=144) completed a Recognition Memory Task (RMT) that evaluated recognition performance based on the presence of mystery and presentation duration (300 ms, 1 sec, 5 sec, and 10 sec). Results revealed that with additional viewing time, images perceived high in mystery achieved greater improvements in recognition performance when compared to those images perceived low in mystery. Tests for mediation showed that the effect mystery had on recognition performance occurred through perceptions of fascination. Implications of these and other findings are discussed in the context of Attention Restoration Theory.
Activation of Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Signaling by Cotton Balls Used for Environmental Enrichment

Dioxins are nearly ubiquitous environmental contaminants that are produced as byproducts during industrial processes, including the bleaching of paper and textiles. Contamination of animal bedding material with dioxins has been a concern for both laboratory and farm animals. The objective of this study was to determine whether the presence of cotton balls, provided to mice for enrichment, caused induction of the cytochrome P450 1A1 gene (Cyp1A1), which typically is stimulated through activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) by dioxins and dioxin-like compounds. Cyp1A1 transcripts and protein in the liver were increased significantly by either exposure to cotton balls or treatment with a single dose of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-para-dioxin. Unexposed controls displayed low levels of Cyp1A1 transcript and undetectable levels of CYP1A1 protein. These results suggest that cotton balls are potentially contaminated with dioxins and/or dioxin-like compounds that act as potent inducers of Cyp1a1 in laboratory animals if used as nesting material. This study underscores the necessity of considering dioxin content in products used for enrichment in animal facilities.
National Industrialization and the Declining Share of the International Economic Sector, 1890–1959

AB OUT the beginning of the present century, the economic historian Werner Sombart proposed an interesting generalization. The share of foreign trade in total national income, he said, was bound to decline in every country as it became more industrialized.' If true, this proposition should be of major interest to students of politics. As has been amply attested by political studies, such economic changes often are apt to become linked to political changes through the mechanism of interest groups.2 Of course, such groups may be poorly organized, or misinformed, or their interests may be politically ineffective for other reasons. Nevertheless, as we shall argue at greater length below, it seems worthwhile to estimate their potential
Snap, Crackle, Pop: Remediation of a Noisy Curtain Wall

This case study presents an investigation of disturbing noises emanating from the curtain wall system of a multi-story office building located in the southeastern United States. Shortly after the initial construction of the building, building occupants complained of loud popping noises emanating from the exterior building facade. These noises were of a frequency and magnitude to negatively influence the work environment in adjacent office space. The cause of the noises was investigated by several groups with conflicting results. At the request of the building’s general contractor, an investigation was undertaken to determine the cause of the disturbing noises and to develop remedial recommendations. This investigation included a detailed review of the curtain wall shop drawings and on-site observations to identify questionable details possibly responsible for the noises. The most probable cause of the noises was identified as diurnal solar gain that produced unaccommodated movements in the curtain wall system. The orientation and curvature of the wall combined to allow a thermal expansion that progressed along the wall. The details of the curtain wall construction restrained the movement, leading to sudden release of confining stress. To confirm this hypothesis, affected areas of the curtain wall were instrumented with accelerometers and deflection gages strategically located to pinpoint the origin of the noises. To further confirm the point-of-origin identified by the accelerometers, a series of exploratory openings were made to review curtain wall details. After the source of the noise was positively identified, remedial recommendations to mitigate the disturbance were implemented by the building owner.
Quercetin Intake With Exercise Modulates Lipoprotein Metabolism and Reduces Atherosclerosis Plaque Formation

We proposed that mice supplemented with quercetin, a class of flavonoids known to have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, will have profound effects on the pathophysiology of atherosclerosis when combined with exercise. Forty C57BL6 LDLr −/− mice were divided into four groups (n = 10): control untreated (NN); control group supplemented with 100 μg/day of quercetin (NQ); exercise group (EN); and exercise group supplemented with 100 μg/day of quercetin (EQ). All animals were fed atherogenic diet. The exercise groups were run on a treadmill for 30 minutes, 15 m/min for 5 days/week for 30 days. After 30 day animals were sacrificed and tissues were harvested. Mice supplemented with quercetin during exercise sessions had 78% atherosclerotic plaque reduction compared to control mice and 40% less atherosclerotic plaque formation compared to control group supplemented with quercetin. The manifestation of the combination of quercetin supplementation with exercise was more evident in the pro-reverse cholesterol transport genes, indicating a plausible mechanism for their combined beneficial effect. The pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, the major cause of cardiovascular diseases (CVD), is multifactorial and therefore its treatment approaches and the ability to regress the plaque are complicated. Data from research on animal models and clinical studies have indicated that moderate daily exercise can alleviate the risk for the development of atherosclerotic plaques, while the same has not been true for the supplementation of antioxidants.
Use of a Pharmacy Protocol to Convert Standard Rituximab Infusions to Rapid Infusion Shortens Outpatient Infusion Clinic Visits

tudy Objective To evaluate the impact of a pharmacy protocol that converts standard rituximab infusions to a rapid 90-minute infusion on the duration of outpatient infusion center clinic visits. Design Prospective interventional study. Setting Outpatient infusion clinic at an academic medical center. Patients Sixty-four adults who received at least one rituximab infusion that was eligible for conversion to rapid infusion between August 2010 and July 2011 and who did not receive concurrent chemotherapy or colony-stimulating agents during the same clinic visit. Of the 64 patients, 37 received the rapid infusion (intervention cohort); 27 received the nonrapid infusion (control cohort). Intervention Using a hospital-approved protocol, pharmacists converted rituximab infusions that met eligibility criteria (noninitial rituximab infusion, rituximab given in the previous 90 days, age 18 yrs or older, dose 375 mg/m2 or less per infusion, dose 1000 mg or less per infusion, and no history of a grade 3 or higher reaction) to a rapid 90-minute infusion. Measurements and Main Results The durations of rituximab infusion time and clinic visit time were evaluated and compared between the intervention cohort and the control cohort. Use of the pharmacy protocol to convert standard rituximab infusion to rapid rituximab infusion reduced infusion time by 110.5 minutes/infusion (median 94.5 min [interquartile range (IQR) 90–105 min] for rapid infusion vs 205 min [IQR 138–263 min] for nonrapid infusion; p<0.001) and reduced clinic visit time by 92 minutes/outpatient encounter (median 233 min [IQR 208–277] min for rapid infusion vs 325 min [IQR 275–415 min] for nonrapid infusion; p<0.001). This resulted in a reduction of the duration of outpatient clinic visits by an estimated 255–299 hours in 1 year. Conclusion Use of a pharmacist protocol that converted standard rituximab infusions to a rapid 90-minute infusion decreased the duration of outpatient infusion clinic visits for rituximab infusion.
Vegetation, climate, and fire during the late-glacial–Holocene transition at Spruce Pond, Hudson Highlands, southeastern New York, USA

Pollen, plant macrofossil, and charcoal records from Spruce Pond (41°14′22″N, 74°12′15″W), southeastern New York, USA dated by AMS provide details about late-glacial–early Holocene vegetation development in the Hudson Highlands from >12410 to 9750 14C yr BP. Prior to 12410 yr BP, vegetation was apparently open, dominated by herbs and shrubs (Cyperaceae, Gramineae, Tubuliflorae, Salix, Alnus, Betula), possibly with scattered trees (Picea and Pinus). However, Picea macrofossils are not found until 12410 yr BP. Development of a temperature deciduous–boreal-coniferous forest featuring Quercus, Fraxinus, Ostrya/Carpinus, Pinus, Picea, and Abies occurs between 12410 and 11140 yr BP. A return of predominantly boreal forest taxa between 11140 and 10230 yr BP is interpreted as an expression of the Younger Dryas cooling event. Holocene warming at 10230 yr BP is signalled by arrival of Pinus strobus, coincident with expansion of Quercus-dominated forest. Fire activity, as inferred from charcoal influx, appears to have increased as woodland developed after 12410 yr BP. Two charcoal influx peaks occur during Younger Dryas time. Early Holocene fire activity was relatively high but decreased for approximately 100 yr prior to the establishment of Tsuga canadensis in the forest at 9750 yr BP. © 1997 by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Preliminary studies on the granular activated carbon-sequencing batch biofilm reactor

The Granular Activated Carbon-Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (GAC-SBBR), a system which combines a submerged membrane oxygenation system to support a biofilm with granular activated carbon (GAC), and the Sequencing Batch Biofilm Reactor (SBBR), a comparable system containing no GAC, were investigated to determine the efficiency of each for the treatment of wastewaters containing volatile components. Toluene, at feed concentrations between 100 and 200 mg/L, was reduced to less than 10{mu}g/L in both systems. In the GAC-SBBR, biodegradation and adsorption were responsible for 92% and 8%, respectively, of the toluene removal, while in the SBBR, all of the toluene was removed by biodegradation. The quantity of toluene volatilized from the GAC-SBBR over a 10 week period of operation was approximately 0.003% of the toluene introduced. The major consideration for long-term, efficient operation of these systems is selection of an operating strategy which results in the supply of sufficient oxygen to the biomass. Both biomass wasting and purging of the membrane oxygenation system were critical for maintaining adequate oxygen transfer to the biofilm in the GAC-SBBR and in the SBBR.
An analysis framework for ad hoc teamwork tasks

In multiagent team settings, the agents are often given a protocol for coordinating their actions. When such a protocol is not available, agents must engage in ad hoc teamwork to effectively cooperate with one another. A fully general ad hoc team agent needs to be capable of collaborating with a wide range of potential teammates on a varying set of joint tasks. This paper presents a framework for analyzing ad hoc team problems that sheds light on the current state of research and suggests avenues for future research. In addition, this paper shows how previous theoretical results can aid ad hoc agents in a set of testbed domains.
Claude Le Jeune, Adrian Willaert and the Art of Musical Translation

In calling for a new history of French music and musical life of the second half of the sixteenth century, Howard Mayer Brown's paper has presented scholars with a number of formidable challenges. It admonishes us to re-examine nearly every facet of what remains largely an enigma of music history. Simultaneously exacting and encyclopedic, it considers in turn each of four themes: the relation of words and music; the means and character of print culture; musical styles and genres; and (perhaps most important of all) the social context of the chanson itself – what Brown called ‘the anthropology of the French chanson’. His essay concerns the problems and perspectives of Renaissance musicology: how we hear and how we explain the music of the past in relation to those who first made and heard it. It thus requires us to reconsider our assumptions about the nature and workings of historical change, the status of canonical styles and those who promoted them, and the very place of music in culture.
Intensity Fluctuation Spectroscopy of Motile Organisms

Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) — The determination of the velocity of microscopic particles from the Doppler shift of scattered laser light — has been applied primarily to the study of fluid or airflow problems in which the scatterers are passively carried along by the surrounding medium. Important biological applications of this approach, such as the study of bloodflow in arteries, will be discussed at this Institute by Professor Benedek. Similarly, protoplasmic streaming within large-celled organisms can be studied by scattering laser light from cytoplasmic particles carried along by the flow, and we will review some recent work in this area later in these lectures.
Length-tension relationships of small arteries, veins, and lymphatics from the rat mesenteric microcirculation

The passive and active length-tension relationships of isolated rat mesenteric lymphatics (∼150 μm ID), and adjacent small arteries (∼240 μm) and veins (∼275 μm) were compared under isometric condi...
Comparison of an Urban Lake Targeted for Rehabilitation and a Reference Lake Based on Robotic Monitoring

Abstract A reference lake, Otisco Lake, NY, was selected to evaluate rehabilitation initiatives to mitigate severe cultural eutrophication of Onondaga Lake, NY. Onondaga Lake was mesotrophic before European development. The reference lake selection was based on an analysis of paired monitoring datasets for temperature, fluorometric chlorophyll (Chlf/a) and dissolved oxygen (DO), collected daily by robotic profiling platforms for the spring to fall interval of three years. The various metrics of trophic state documented here for Otisco Lake represent reasonable informal interim goals for the rehabilitation of the cultural eutrophication of Onondaga Lake. The use of Otisco Lake as a reference site is supported by its similar stratification/mixing regime and mesotrophic state, in addition to its proximity (~25 km) and similar morphometry with Onondaga Lake. Strong contrasts in water quality manifestations of trophic state are depicted in Onondaga Lake, including higher Chlf/a (3.5-fold), prevalence of blooms...
Training Bilingual Teachers: A Look at the Title Vii Graduate in the Field

A follow-up survey of 71 graduates from a Title VII Bilingual Education training project was conducted during the fifth year of operation. Issues addressed by the survey include level of implementation of bilingual methodology, perceived areas of strength and weakness, and attitudes toward bilingual education. Findings generally support the effect of the emphasis placed by the project on extra-curricular training activities, such as participation in field experiences, cultural events, and special seminars. Perceived areas of weakness included math and science methods. Overall, extrainees maintained strong positive attitudes toward bilingual education despite a certain amount of adversity encountered in the field.
Review Article: Invisible, Ink.: Classics, Programmers, and the Reprogramming of Cultural History in the Aftermath of the “Book Crisis”

Review article of Marjorie Perloff, "Unoriginal Genius: Poetry by Other Means in the New Century" (Chicago: University of Chicago P, 2010), and Henry Sussman, "Around the Book: Systems and Literacy" (New York: Fordham UP, 2011).
Memory in Chronic Diseases

Chronic anoxia of the brain may result from inadequate cerebral perfusion and from poor oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood. A large number of chronic diseases of the lungs, the cardiovascular system, and the blood can produce chronic anoxia and impairment of cerebral metabolism leading to disturbances of cognitive and memory functions. The clinical manifestations of anoxia vary with the duration and the rate at which anoxia develops. Acute sudden anoxia causes confusion, disorientation, and delirium. Amnesia for the duration of the acute condition, such as cardiac arrest, may persist after the recovery. In some cases, acute anoxia of sufficient duration will result in extensive brain damage and dementia. Chronic anoxia produces slow changes in cognitive functions and personality. Impairment of recent memory functions are frequently more apparent than impairment of cognitive abilities. Changes in personality usually begin with increased irritability and decreased interest in social activities and career achievements.
Electronic Structure of Metal Hydrides

Theoretical studies of the electronic structure of metal hydrides will be discussed from the point of view of ordinary band theory and from the view of disordered materials theories such as the coherent potential approximation. The presentation will cover an introduction to the methodology followed in such calculations and analysis of the results obtained. A comparison will be made between the band structure of the host metal and that of the corresponding hydride. Trends as a function of changing the element of the metal site, and as a function of hydrogen content will be examined.
Synchronization properties of heterogeneous neuronal networks with mixed excitability type

We study the synchronization of neuronal networks with dynamical heterogeneity, showing that network structures with the same propensity for synchronization (as quantified by master stability function analysis) may develop dramatically different synchronization properties when heterogeneity is introduced with respect to neuronal excitability type. Specifically, we investigate networks composed of neurons with different types of phase response curves (PRCs), which characterize how oscillating neurons respond to excitatory perturbations. Neurons exhibiting type 1 PRC respond exclusively with phase advances, while neurons exhibiting type 2 PRC respond with either phase delays or phase advances, depending on when the perturbation occurs. We find that Watts-Strogatz small world networks transition to synchronization gradually as the proportion of type 2 neurons increases, whereas scale-free networks may transition gradually or rapidly, depending upon local correlations between node degree and excitability type. Random placement of type 2 neurons results in gradual transition to synchronization, whereas placement of type 2 neurons as hubs leads to a much more rapid transition, showing that type 2 hub cells easily ``hijack'' neuronal networks to synchronization. These results underscore the fact that the degree of synchronization observed in neuronal networks is determined by a complex interplay between network structure and the dynamical properties of individual neurons, indicating that efforts to recover structural connectivity from dynamical correlations must in general take both factors into account.
Spectrum of Benign Articular and Periarticular Findings at FDG PET/CT

Whole-body fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) positron-emission tomography (PET)/computed tomography (CT) is performed primarily for oncologic indications; however, FDG uptake is not specific for malignancy. Herein we focus on causes of increased FDG uptake in and around joints, as lesions in these locations are commonly benign. A combination of primary intra-articular processes and osseous processes that may occur near the joint space will be discussed. Causes of intra-articular and periarticular increased FDG activity can be broadly divided into infectious, inflammatory, degenerative, and benign neoplastic categories. A familiarity with the full range of these processes is important to avoid misinterpretation, in turn decreasing unnecessary follow-up studies, procedures, and treatments. Differentiation from malignancy is often possible on the basis of a different level of FDG activity, divergent response to therapy, or differing changes over time, in comparison with a patient's known primary cancer. Recognizing an intra-articular lesion location can also be critical, as intra-articular metastases are rare. In some cases, benign FDG-avid articular and periarticular entities have a specific appearance at FDG PET/CT and a correct diagnosis may be made without any additional workup. In most other cases, comparison with prior studies and/or additional imaging can afford an accurate diagnosis. This review is meant to introduce the reader to a spectrum of benign FDG-avid articular and periarticular processes that may be encountered at oncologic FDG PET/CT to increase confidence and diagnostic accuracy. (©)RSNA, 2016.
Early-onset subicular microvascular amyloid and neuroinflammation correlate with behavioral deficits in vasculotropic mutant amyloid beta-protein precursor transgenic mice.

Cerebral microvascular amyloid β protein (Aβ) deposition and associated neuroinflammation are increasingly recognized as an important component leading to cognitive impairment in Alzheimer’s disease and related cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) disorders. Transgenic mice expressing the vasculotropic Dutch/Iowa (E693Q/D694N) mutant human Aβ precursor protein in brain (Tg-SwDI) accumulate abundant cerebral microvascular fibrillar amyloid deposits exhibiting robust neuroinflammation. In the present study, we sought to determine if the unique amyloid pathology of Tg-SwDI mice was associated with deficits in behavioral performance. Behavioral performance tests that assessed a variety of psychological functions, including overall activity, motor ability, balance and strength, anxiety, impulsivity, and learning were conducted on homozygous Tg-SwDI mice and similarly aged wild-type C57Bl/6 mice. Our results indicate that Tg-SwDI mice were impaired in the performance of the Barnes maze learning and memory task at 3, 9, and 12 months of age. While more widespread cerebral microvascular Aβ pathology was evident in older animals, the evaluation of the Aβ pathology in the 3 months old transgenic animals revealed specific accumulation of microvascular amyloid and markedly elevated numbers of reactive astrocytes and activated microglia restricted to the subiculum. These findings indicate that early-onset accumulation of subicular microvascular amyloid and accompanying neuroinflammation correlates with impaired performance in the learning and memory task in Tg-SwDI mice.
Operation of a Laterally Coupled Cavity Semiconductor Laser

Using techniques previously developed for etched mirrors, we have fabricated a laterally coupled cavity (LC2) laser consisting of two side-by-side lasers of different lengths with separate electrical contacts. The lasers are close enough together that their fields couple to one another (figure 1).
Abstract LB-183: The impact of protein concentration on the distribution of 111In-antibody conjugate for imaging of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)

Background: Programmed cell Death Ligand 1 (PD-L1) is part of an immune checkpoint system that is essential for preventing autoimmunity. Tumor cells have developed the ability to co-opt these immune checkpoints to suppress anti-tumor immunity. Recent approaches in immunotherapy targeting immune checkpoints have shown great promise in a variety of cancers. PD-L1 overexpression is associated with a poorer prognosis in a variety of cancers, but typically have a stronger response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. PD-L1 is a dynamic biomarker and the ability to image its dynamic nature could provide key information in identifying patients who will best respond to anti-PD-L1 treatment with limited adverse effects. Here we evaluated an 111In-antibody conjugate targeted to PD-L1 for SPECT imaging in an aggressive mouse melanoma model. In addition, we investigated the relationship between the spleen, which we have found to be a sink for anti-PD-L1 antibodies, and specific activity (activity/protein concentration) of the 111In-antibody conjugate. Methods: An anti-PD-L1 antibody was conjugated to DTPA for 111In-labeling. The biodistribution of the resulting conjugate, 111In-DTPA-anti-PD-L1, was performed over a range of specific activities in B16F10 tumor bearing mice. SPECT imaging was also performed with the 111In tracer. Results: 111In-DTPA-anti-PD-L1 (Kd = 0.6±0.1 nM) having a specific activity (SA) of 0.57 Ci/μmol demonstrated uptake in the B16F10 tumor (6.1±2.8%ID/g) at 24 hours, as well as high uptake in the spleen (32.8±5.1%ID/g). Decreasing the SA to 0.01 Ci/μmol blocked PD-L1-postive cells in the spleen (13.4±4.8%ID/g) forcing more of the tracer to remain in circulation, allowing for increase accumulation in the B16F10 tumor (16.8±6.2%ID/g) at 24 hours. The lower SA also demonstrated a reduction in tumor to blood ratios compared to the higher SA (2.2 vs. 4.1), but an increase was shown in the tumor to muscle ratio (27 vs. 4.6). Conclusion: 111In-DTPA-anti-PD-L1 is capable of identifying tumors that overexpresses PD-L1, and has the potential to help select patients that will best respond to anti-PD-L1 therapy. In addition, the further understanding of the spleen/tumor relationship could be utilized to tailor individual doses for anti-PD-L1 therapy and minimize adverse effects. Citation Format: Jessie Nedrow, Anders Josefsson, Sunju Park, Sagar Ranka, George Sgouros. The impact of protein concentration on the distribution of 111In-antibody conjugate for imaging of programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr LB-183.
Kira: Processing Astronomy Imagery Using Big Data Technology

Scientific analyses commonly compose multiple single-process programs into a dataflow. An end-to-end dataflow of single-process programs is known as a many-task application. Typically, HPC tools are used to parallelize these analyses. In this work, we investigate an alternate approach that uses Apache Spark—a modern platform for data intensive computing—to parallelize many-task applications. We implement Kira, a flexible and distributed astronomy image processing toolkit, and its Source Extractor (Kira SE) application. Using Kira SE as a case study, we examine the programming flexibility, dataflow richness, scheduling capacity and performance of Apache Spark running on the Amazon EC2 cloud. By exploiting data locality, Kira SE achieves a 4.1× speedup over an equivalent C program when analyzing a 1TB dataset using 512 cores on the Amazon EC2 cloud. Furthermore, Kira SE on the Amazon EC2 cloud achieves a 1.8× speedup over the C program on the NERSC Edison supercomputer. A 128-core Amazon EC2 cloud deployment of Kira SE using Spark Streaming can achieve a second-scale latency with a sustained throughput of $\sim$ ∼ 800 MB/s. Our experience with Kira demonstrates that data intensive computing platforms like Apache Spark are a performant alternative for many-task scientific applications.
Multimodal image matching using self similarity

This paper presents a new image description and matching process based on internal self-similarity property of images. Various definitions of self-similarity are explored to find the best one for image matching. The method also ensures rotation and scale invariance and computational efficiency through a feature detection process. Experiments demonstrate that the proposed method increases robustness of image matching under different imaging conditions or modalities.
The Function of High Hemoglobin in Large Fish

Over the years, a considerable body of evidence has accumulated which shows that fish hemoglobins not only differ from mammalian hemoglobin, but also differ greatly from one another (1,2,3). A large amount of work is involved in characterizing the function of a hemoglobin in detail so relatively few have been studied fully. It seems, however, that there may be three general classes of fish hemoglobins. These are first, the Root effect hemoglobins, in which one chain has a very low affinity for ligand in the T-state, and which show a marked change in affinity with pH (4). Second, and coexistent in the same fish with the Root effect hemoglobins, are the pH invariant and effector independent hemoglobins, studied first by Hashimoto and Matsuura (5) and since examined in great detail here in Rome as trout 1. The third group includes the shark hemoglobins which are cooperative, have chains which are alike in the T-state, and respond only moderately to pH change and to effectors (6,7,8). In looking for an explanation of this functional diversity it is natural to think first of the transport function of hemoglobin in fishes. There is, however, a good deal of evidence to suggest that many fishes can manage quite well without it.
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma masquerading as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis: a case report

Hodgkin lymphoma is a hematologic malignancy usually confined to lymphatic structures and commonly associated with constitutional symptoms. Bony involvement and musculoskeletal symptoms are uncommon and typically seen in advanced disease. In this case, we report an unusual presentation of classical Hodgkin lymphoma and highlight diagnostic challenges leading to the misdiagnosis and treatment as chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis. A 38-year-old white man presented with lower extremity musculoskeletal pain. Imaging studies revealed multifocal lytic and sclerotic osseous axial lesions. Multiple core needle bone marrow and excisional lymph node biopsies were non-diagnostic. Having met the criteria, a tentative diagnosis of chronic recurrent multifocal osteomyelitis was given. He was treated with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory medications with partial clinical response but had persistent symptoms. A second medical opinion was pursued. An open bone marrow biopsy was performed and yielded a diagnosis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma after 13 months of diagnostic uncertainty. A chemotherapy regimen of doxorubicin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine was instituted with complete symptomatic and radiologic response. This case illustrates diagnostic difficulties of a musculoskeletal presentation of Hodgkin lymphoma, challenges of non-diagnostic bone marrow and lymph node biopsies, and resultant diagnostic delays in delivering a potentially curative therapy. Had the additional open bone marrow biopsy not been performed, the diagnosis and treatment of Hodgkin lymphoma would have been missed.
In Vivo Deficiency of Both Transcription Factors, C/EBPbeta and C/EBPepsilon, Results in Lack of Cytokine Response and a High Susceptibility for Overwhelming Infections.

Abstract 3641 Poster Board III-577 Transcription factors including the CCAAT/enhancer binding protein ( C/EBP ) family are essential for hematopoietic cell development including myelopoiesis. In response to cytokines and/or infection, C/EBPbeta is important for emergent neutrophil production, whereas C/EBPepsilon induces terminal differentiation of granulocytes. We recently generated C/EBPbeta and C/EBPepsilon double-knockout (KO) mice and demonstrated the dependence of the hematopoietic system on both transcription factors. In order to study inflammatory response of this transgenic in vivo model, bone marrow-derived macrophages from wild-type (WT), single- as well as double-KO mice were cultured either with or without 100 ng/mL LPS and 100 ng/mL mIFNgamma as activating stimuli. After 24 hours of exposure, RNA was extracted, and gene expression difference was interrogated by whole genome microarray (Affymetrix ® , mouse genome 430 2.0). The probes were normalized with the MAS 5.0 software for processing Affymetrix oligonucleotide array data, and genes were considered to be differentially expressed with a fold change level of at least 2. Remarkably, we found more than 75 genes which were up to 20-fold downregulated in the stimulated macrophages of the double-KO mice compared to either single KO or WT mice. A pathway-based analysis indicated that these deregulated genes formed networks associated with development and function of the hematopoietic system, inflammatory response and cell-cell signaling. We confirmed the expression for some of the most highly decreased genes by RT-PCR; for example, interleukin -( IL ) 1beta , IL-12beta , CD38 , macrophage mannose receptor ( Mrc-1 ), toll-like receptor-2 ( TLR-2 ), C-type lectin receptor Mincle , and insulin-like growth factor ( IGF-1 ) were almost not detectable in the activated macrophages of the double-KO mice compared to either single-deficient or WT mice. Lacking these and other important regulators of appropriate immune responses and hematopoiesis, the double KO died between 2 - 3 months of age due to systemic infections including formation of hepatic, peritoneal and lung abscesses with Streptococcus viridians , Enterococcus species and Escherichia coli . In conclusion, phentotype as well as expression pattern of mediators of inflammatory response and hematopoiesis of the double-KO mice was distinct from either the C/EBPbeta - or C/EBPepsilon -KO mice, demonstrating that each transcription factor is important in cytokine expression and host defense, but can in part compensate for each other in the single knockout genotype. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Infant Differential Behavioral Responding to Discrete Emotions

Emotional communication regulates the behaviors of social partners. Research on individuals' responding to others' emotions typically compares responses to a single negative emotion compared with responses to a neutral or positive emotion. Furthermore, coding of such responses routinely measure surface level features of the behavior (e.g., approach vs. avoidance) rather than its underlying function (e.g., the goal of the approach or avoidant behavior). This investigation examined infants' responding to others' emotional displays across 5 discrete emotions: joy, sadness, fear, anger, and disgust. Specifically, 16-, 19-, and 24-month-old infants observed an adult communicate a discrete emotion toward a stimulus during a naturalistic interaction. Infants' responses were coded to capture the function of their behaviors (e.g., exploration, prosocial behavior, and security seeking). The results revealed a number of instances indicating that infants use different functional behaviors in response to discrete emotions. Differences in behaviors across emotions were clearest in the 24-month-old infants, though younger infants also demonstrated some differential use of behaviors in response to discrete emotions. This is the first comprehensive study to identify differences in how infants respond with goal-directed behaviors to discrete emotions. Additionally, the inclusion of a function-based coding scheme and interpersonal paradigms may be informative for future emotion research with children and adults. Possible developmental accounts for the observed behaviors and the benefits of coding techniques emphasizing the function of social behavior over their form are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Record
The influence of HLA antigen mismatch and epitope mismatch on lung transplant survival: Analysis of OPTN data after LAS allocation

Aim HLA incompatibility has been shown to have negative impact on lung transplantation survival by previous studies. In this study, we intended to investigate the impact of HLA mismatch (MM) in the era after LAS based lung graft allocation has been implemented, and further to examine whether we could do better by applying HLA class I cross-reactive epitope group (CREG) match for the otherwise HLA antigen mismatched donor-recipient pairs. Methods OPTN lung transplantation data was retrieved in June 2014. Target dataset was created by selecting cases of only the primary lung transplant performed after the implementation of the LAS allocation in May 2005; the recipient age group was ADULT, and the donor type was CADAVER. Cases with graft or patient survival shorter than 30 days were excluded. HLA match/mismatch was assessed based on 2007 UNOS’s HLA antigen equivalent table. CREG match/mismatch was determined according to McKenna’s 10-GREG list. Kaplan–Meier method was used to establish 5-year graft survival function. Survival was compared with log-rank test. Results The target dataset included 12,556 primary lung transplants performed since the implementation of LAS allocation. In univariate analysis of each HLA locus, when comparing zero or one MM vs. 2 MM, a significant difference in graft survival was observed for HLA-A ( p = 0.042) and HLA-DR ( p = 0.003), but not for HLA-B ( p = 0.303). When we analyzed the match/mismatch based on the CREG in the HLA-A 2 MM subgroup, no significant difference of survivals between 0 CREG MM and 1 or 2 CREG MM was found ( p = 0.123). In subgroup with HLA-A 1 MM, no significant difference of graft survivals between 0 CREG MM and 1 CREG MM was observed either ( p = 0.523). Conclusion The data analysis of the UNOS lung transplants performed since LAS allocation implementation indicates that HLA match still influenced the outcome of lung transplantation. However, our findings suggest trying epitope match within HLA class I CREG groups may not bring additional benefit on graft survival.
An iterative method for generated Jacobian equations

The purpose of this paper is to present an iterative scheme to find approximate solutions, to any preset degree of accuracy, for a class of generated Jacobian equations introduced in Trudinger (Discrete Contin Dyn Syst 34(4): 1663–1681 2014). A proof of an upper bound on the number of iteration steps, without assuming any condition of Ma-Trudinger-Wang type, is presented. Applications to optimal mass transport and to the parallel reflector problem in optics are also provided.
Characterization of calcination temperature on a Ni-substituted lanthanum-strontium-zirconate pyrochlore

Abstract A lanthanum strontium zirconate pyrochlore material was substituted with Ni, and the effect of calcination temperature on important catalytic properties was evaluated. The introduction of the Ni into the pyrochlore decreased the BET surface as compared to non-Ni containing materials due to enhanced sintering. The presence of Ni dispersed in the precursor material produced oxygen vacancies which improved solid state diffusion of the pyrochlore cations, and lowered the onset of crystallization by almost 100 °C compared to the baseline material without Ni. Furthermore, only a small amount of Ni was found to be soluble in the structure up to 1000 °C, at which point almost no Ni occupies lattice positions in the pyrochlore crystal structure. The Ni was found to exsolve to the surface and grain boundary regions of the pyrochlore and reside on the surface as NiO. Heating to temperatures greater than 800 °C also led to the formation of a La 2 ZrNiO 6 perovskite phase. Surface composition, as measured by XPS, showed a decrease in Ni concentration at the surface as the calcination temperature was increased. This was likely due to the formation of larger Ni particles with increasing temperature, as well as the migration of the Ni into the bulk through the formation of the La 2 ZrNiO 6 phase. Temperature programmed reduction results showed that increasing the calcination temperature resulted in particle growth of the NiO and a weaker interaction with the pyrochlore surface, which made the NiO more reducible at lower temperatures. Multiple reduction-oxidation TPR/TPO cycles showed that the results were not reproducible from cycle-to-cycle for the lowest calcination temperature material (700 °C) due to an amorphous La-Zr-O phase initially present. However, materials calcined at all other temperatures showed an almost identical TPR/TPR profiles after the second cycle.
Sports involvement, injury history, and non‐medical use of prescription opioids among college students: An analysis with a national sample

Background and objectives The United States is in the midst of a prescription drug epidemic, particularly related to opioids. To more effectively deal with the devastating outcomes associated with non-medical use of prescription opioids (NUPO), research is needed to identify populations at increased risk. The current research builds on a small number of studies that have shown that adolescents involved in competitive sports are more likely to report NUPO. Specifically, we examine the relationship between athlete status, injury history, and NUPO among college students. Methods Using data from the National College Health Assessment (NCHA II from 2008 to 2011), we estimated several logistic regression models to examine the individual, and combined, effects of sex, athlete status, and injury history on NUPO. Results In the NCHA II 8.3% of students reported NUPO, 8.0% identified as a varsity athlete, and 17.4% reported an injury. Looking at factors individually, having an injury, being a varsity athlete, and being male were all significantly associated with NUPO. By combining these factors together we were able to determine that male athletes, athletes with injuries, and male athletes with injuries were at the greatest risk for NUPO, after controlling for relevant covariates. Discussion and conclusions To create effective prevention and intervention programs that target the health and wellness of college students, it is important to understand which groups of students are most likely to report NUPO. Scientific significance This study advances our understanding of the relationship between sports involvement and NUPO. (Am J Addict 2018;27:15-22).
The motivational drivers underlying for-profit venture creation: Comparing social and commercial entrepreneurs:

Despite the increase in scholarship on social entrepreneurship over the years, there is a lack of large-scale empirical research from which generalizations about social entrepreneurs can be made. A...
Remodeling of calcium handling in human heart failure.

Heart failure (HF) is an increasing public health problem accelerated by a rapidly aging global population. Despite considerable progress in managing the disease, the development of new therapies for effective treatment of HF remains a challenge. To identify targets for early diagnosis and therapeutic intervention, it is essential to understand the molecular and cellular basis of calcium handling and the signaling pathways governing the functional remodeling associated with HF in humans. Calcium (Ca2+) cycling is an essential mediator of cardiac contractile function, and remodeling of calcium handling is thought to be one of the major factors contributing to the mechanical and electrical dysfunction observed in HF. Active research in this field aims to bridge the gap between basic research and effective clinical treatments of HF. This chapter reviews the most relevant studies of calcium remodeling in failing human hearts and discusses their connections to current and emerging clinical therapies for HF patients.
The Use of Monoclonal Antibodies and Flow Cytometry in the Diagnosis of Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria

We have characterized the erythrocytes, granulocytes, and platelets of 54 patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) with antibodies to glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins (anti-CD55, anti-CD59, and anti-CD16) and flow cytometry to establish the usefulness of this technique in the diagnosis of this disorder. All patients demonstrated either completely (PNH III) or partially (PNH II) deficient red cells and granulocytes. Anti-CD59 best demonstrated PNH II red cells, which were present in 50% of the patients. The proportion of abnormal granulocytes was usually greater than the proportion of abnormal red cells; 37% of the patients had >80% abnormal granulocytes. Anti-CD55 did not delineate the erythrocyte populations as well as did anti-CD59. Either anti-CD55 or anti-CD59 could be used equally well to analyze granulocytes; anti-CD16 did not demonstrate cells of partial deficiency. Platelets could not be used for detailed analysis as the normal and abnormal populations were not well distinguished. Flow cytometry of erythrocytes using anti-CD59 or of granulocytes using either anti-CD55 or anti-CD59 provides the most accurate technique for the diagnosis of paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria; it is clearly more specific, more quantitative, and more sensitive than the tests for PNH that depend upon hemolysis by complement (the acidified serum lysis [Ham] test, the sucrose lysis test, and the complement lysis sensitivity [CLS] test).
Gender Differences in Self-Reported Reasons for Homelessness

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate some of the ways in which the perceived pathways into homelessness are socially structured. We do this by examining the relative frequency of 11 different reasons homeless males and females cite for being homeless. Males were more likely to cite the following as their main reasons for homelessness: loss of a job, discharge from an institution, mental health problems, and alcohol or drug problems. Women were more likely to cite the following as their main reason for homelessness: eviction, interpersonal conflict, and someone no longer able or willing to help. Self-reported reasons for being homeless are also related to age, marital status, race, and being a veteran. As expected, they are also linked to receptiveness to treatment. Gender differences in reasons for homelessness may require different approaches to building helping relationships with homeless men and women.