cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cardiac and respiratory self-gated 4D multi-phase steady-state imaging with ferumoxytol contrast (MUSIC)

Background Our recently proposed MUSIC approach acquires ferumoxytol-enhanced 4D images using ECG and airway pressure signal for motion gating. It has been routinely used in our institution and provides detailed information on vascular anatomy. However, the airway pressure signal is only available in patients with general anesthesia (GA) and ECG is often problematic in high field strength. Therefore, we propose the self-gated MUSIC (SGMUSIC) where cardiac and respiratory motion is compensated by retrospective data sorting base on derived SG signals. In this study, we tested SG-MUSIC on pediatric patients under GA so that the derived SG signal can be validated against the recorded physiological signal and the images compared with the original MUSIC.
I Am ALL Woma[e]n!

These research poems were created through a process the author describes as artifact or archival poetry. As part of an ethnographic study of a Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual,Transgendered, Questioning, Ally university student center, the author conducted an Internet search of the local newspaper for all references to Angie Zapata's murder, a transgendered woman. Over 100 references were analyzed, including primarily news articles and other newspaper commentaries such as blogs and editorials. The author sought to retain the voice of the media with the only deliberate change being references to Angie Zapata as 'Angie' rather than using the media convention of calling her 'Zapata'. Similar to transcription poetry, the poems seem to emerge completely from the data set. However, it is important to acknowledge the powerful role of the poet as one who arranges and rearranges data quotations, forming intention and meaning.The author attempts to evoke and provoke with poetry a larger critical inquiry message and at the same time honor Angie and her family as members of the community of Greeley, Colorado and of all humanity.
Successful extubation in the operating room after infratentorial craniotomy: the Cleveland Clinic experience.

Background There is lack of information in the literature about the rate of successful extubation after infratentorial craniotomy and the risk factors associated with failed extubation. This retrospective analysis assessed the rate of successful extubation after infratentorial craniotomy in a tertiary hospital. Methods Only infratentorial craniotomies for tumors, vascular malformations in the brainstem or cerebellum, and fourth ventricle cysts performed in prone position were included. Failed extubation was defined as the need for airway reintubation in the operating room (OR), postanesthesia care unit, or intensive care unit after surgery. Only those patients, in whom the primary reason for reintubation was respiratory failure, deteriorating level of consciousness, or inability to protect the airway were included in the statistical analysis. Prolonged intubation was defined as airway intubation longer than 48 hours from the initial intubation. Results This is a retrospective study that included perioperative information from 145 adult patients. One hundred and twenty patients (82%) were primarily extubated in the OR and the rest remained intubated (18%). From the latter group, 9 (36%) and 16 (64%) were extubated in the postanesthesia care unit or intensive care unit, respectively. The rate of failed extubation within 24 hours after primary extubation in the OR was 0.83%. Patients not extubated in the OR had a statistically significant higher American Society of Anesthesiologists score, a longer length of surgery, a larger blood loss, and a longer stay in the hospital compared with those who were extubated in the OR. Conclusions We conclude that primary extubation in the OR after infratentorial craniotomy is feasible. However, cautions should be taken in patients with poor physical status undergoing vascular surgery and long procedures with potential significant fluid shifts.
Ascorbic Acid Attenuates Hyperoxia-Compromised Host Defense against Pulmonary Bacterial Infection

Supraphysiological concentrations of oxygen (hyperoxia) can compromise host defense and increase susceptibility to bacterial infections, causing ventilator-associated pneumonia. The phagocytic activity of macrophages is impaired by hyperoxia-induced increases in the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and extracellular high-mobility group box protein B1 (HMGB1). Ascorbic acid (AA), an essential nutrient and antioxidant, has been shown to be beneficial in various animal models of ROS-mediated diseases. The aim of this study was to determine whether AA could attenuate hyperoxia-compromised host defense and improve macrophage functions against bacterial infections. C57BL/6 male mice were exposed to hyperoxia (≥98% O2, 48 h), followed by intratracheal inoculation with Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and simultaneous intraperitoneal administration of AA. AA (50 mg/kg) significantly improved bacterial clearance in the lungs and airways, and significantly reduced HMGB1 accumulation in the airways. The incubation of ...
Documentation forms for monitoring occupational surveillance of healthcare workers who handle cytotoxic drugs.

Purpose/objectives To develop a procedure for medical surveillance of healthcare workers who handle cytotoxic drugs. Data sources Literature review and guidelines published by the Occupational Safety and Health Administration and the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health. INFORMATION SELECTION: Studies of possible exposure screening tests, congenital defects in offspring, and case studies. Data synthesis Some degree of risk exists in handling cytotoxic drugs, but no reliable screening test for cytotoxic drug exposure has been developed. Reproductive hazards are possible when protective equipment is not used. Areas to be addressed when devising surveillance procedures include who to cover, what baseline data to gather, what periodic monitoring will be necessary (and at what interval it will be conducted), how to handle exposure incidents, and what documentation system will be used. Conclusions A procedure using a baseline risk factor form and a yearly monitoring questionnaire was devised and implemented. Forms contain documentation of worker teaching. Implications for nursing practice Most often, nurses are the healthcare workers who handle cytotoxic drugs. A consistent approach to monitoring healthcare workers is facilitated by using a defined procedure and standardized forms.
A monoclonal antibody to factor VIII inhibits von Willebrand factor binding and thrombin cleavage

To study the interaction of human factor VIII (FVIII) with its various ligands, select regions of cDNA encoding FVIII light chain were cloned into the plasmid expression vector pET3B to overproduce FVIII protein fragments in the bacterium Escherichia coli. Partially purified FVIII protein fragments were used to produce monoclonal antibodies. One monoclonal antibody, 60-B, bound both an FVIII protein fragment (amino acid residues 1563 through 1909) and recombinant human FVIII, but not porcine FVIII. This antibody prevented FVIII-vWF binding and acted as an inhibitor in both the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) assay and a chromogenic substrate assay that measured factor Xa generation. The ability of the antibody to inhibit FVIII activity was diminished in a dose-dependent fashion by von Willebrand factor. This anti-FVIII monoclonal antibody bound to a synthetic peptide, K E D F D I Y D E D E, equivalent to FVIII amino acid residues 1674 through 1684. The 60-B antibody did not react with a peptide in which the aspartic acid residue at 1681 (underlined) was changed to a glycine, which is the amino acid present at this position in porcine FVIII. Gel electrophoretic analysis of thrombin cleavage patterns of human FVIII showed that the 60-B antibody prevented thrombin cleavage at light chain residue 1689. The coagulant inhibitory activity of the 60-B antibody may be due, in part, to the prevention of thrombin activation of FVIII light chain.
The Decomposition of Daminozide (Alar) to Form Unsymmetrical Dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) in Heated, pH Adjusted, Canned Solutions.

Processing conditions were chosen to determine the influence of temperature, pH, and processing on model solutions containing daminozide residues. Daminozide (succinamic acid 2, 2-dimethylhydrazide) fortified solutions (12.5 ppm) containing 50mM NaH2PO4 and 24% sucrose (w/w) were adjusted to pH 3.0, 3.6, or 4.0 and either heated (100°C) for 0, 5, 10, or 15 min in sealed cans and cooled or heated (80°C) for 0, 5, or 10 min in open cans, sealed, heated (100°C) for 5 min, and cooled. Daminozide degradation due to heating was less than the HPLC detection limit (1.5 ppm) for all of the treatments. Unsymmetrical dimethylhydrazine (UDMH) concentration was significantly affected by heating time, pH, and processing. Heating of daminozide solutions in sealed cans produced approximately 1 ppm of UDMH for every minute of heating at 100°C. Heating of daminozide solutions in open cans at 80°C resulted in simultaneous production of UDMH in the solution and loss of UDMH through volatilization. Maximum degradation of daminozide was observed at pH 3.6.
Electronic States of Lead-Salt Nanosheets

The electronic states of lead-salt nanosheets are calculated with an effective mass model. In recognition of the anisotropic shape of the structure, the electron wave functions are separated into two parts. Motion along the narrow dimension is dominated by the quantum confinement, while the lateral motion is dominated by the Coulomb interaction. Strong contrast of the dielectric constant of the host environment further strengthens the Coulomb interaction. The calculated exciton binding energy for lead-salt nanosheets is smaller than that of nanowires of similar size but still larger than the thermal energy at room temperature, so it should be possible to observe excitons at room temperature. The calculation results are compared with existing data, and show good quantitative agreement.
Abstract 346: Use of Aldosterone Antagonists at Discharge in Eligible Heart Failure Patients With a Comprehensive Heart Failure Program: Trends in Compliance With Get With the Guidelines-Heart Failure

Background: Use of aldosterone antagonist (AA) therapy is a class I recommendation in moderate to severe heart failure (HF). Multiple studies have reported the underutilization of AA in eligible patients. We wished to analyze determining factors for this ongoing underutilization using the AHA’s Get With the Guidelines (GWTG) HF database from American Heart Association (AHA). We hypothesized that elevated creatinine is a major barrier to use of AA. Methods: A comprehensive HF program utilizing the GWTG measures was recently established at our institution. Outcome data utilizing the GWTG registry from January 2009 to June 2012 was analyzed. Given ACC/AHA guidelines that creatinine should be < 2.5 mg/dL in men or < 2.0 mg/dL in women, we chose to analyze genders separately. To analyze effect of degree of creatinine elevation on AA therapy at discharge, two subcategories of creatinine levels were analyzed. Creatinine levels above 2.0 mg/dL in women and 2.5 mg/dL in men were excluded, as AAs are contraindicated in these patients. Categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. Results: Our total compliance rate with AA therapy at discharge during the study period was 26% (149 of 565) for females and 31% (199 of 640) for males. There was no significant decline in compliance when creatinine levels were >1 mg/dL. Additionally, when comparing rates of compliance according to creatinine level across gender, there was no statistically significant difference in the use of AAs (see Table). Conclusion: Overall, AA therapy compliance at discharge at our center, as well as a majority of nationally recognized HF center participating in GWTG-HF registry remains suboptimal, irrespective of gender. This is despite known data that has clearly shown AAs significantly reduce mortality, cardiovascular death, HF hospitalizations and the composite endpoints. In contrast to prior studies, mild creatinine elevation does not seem to be a significant barrier to presciption of AAs. It is possible that other variables such as polypharmacy, hyperkalemia and effects of dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system and the possibility of endocrine side effects associated with the non-selective AAs may be playing a role. More aggressive and consistent use of AA therapy for HF is warranted. ![Graphic][1] [1]: /embed/inline-graphic-1.gif
Growth of Schrödingerian Subharmonic Functions Admitting Certain Lower Bounds

Matsaev’s theorem on the growth of entire functions admitting some lower bounds is extended to subsolutions of the stationary Schrodinger equation
James Luna and the Paradoxically Present Vanishing Indian

James Luna’s performances interrogate how representations of Native Americans have been made to fit western assumptions about the “real Indian.” Using his recognizably Native body as a marker of both presence and endangered existence, Luna links Peggy Phelan’s conception of performance as the presence of loss with the centuries-old stereotype of Native Americans as the “vanishing race”—a stereotype that continues to exert influence. In Take a Picture with a Real Indian (performed in 1992, 2001, and 2010), he invites viewers to have their photograph taken with him wearing one of three options: war dance regalia, a loincloth, or khakis and a polo shirt. Few people choose the third option. The performance foregrounds what has become a tradition of Native Americans performing/posing their native -ness as Otherness for the camera, strategically employing imagery that plays to nostalgic Western views of Native peoples as perpetually vanishing. I argue that Luna’s performances comment not only upon western preconceptions of Native Americans, but also upon the ways that Native Americans have historically reasserted their agency by manipulating such expectations, staging themselves to fit the stereotype.
Oncostatin M activation of Stat3:Smad3 complexes drives senescence.

The molecular mechanisms charged with preventing tumor initiation and disease progression remain to be fully elucidated. Replicative senescence arising from telomere shortening was first described ...
The SAFE-T assessment tool: derivation and validation of a web-based application for point-of-care evaluation of gastroenterology fellow performance in colonoscopy

Background and Aims Attending assessment is a critical part of endoscopic education for gastroenterology fellows. The aim of this study was to develop and validate a concise assessment tool to evaluate real-time fellow performance in colonoscopy administered via a web-based application. Methods The Skill Assessment in Fellow Endoscopy Training (SAFE-T) tool was derived as a novel 5-question evaluation tool that captures both summative and formative feedback adapted into a web-based application. A prospective study of 15 gastroenterology fellows (5 fellows each from years 1 to 3 of training) was performed using the SAFE-T tool. An independent reviewer evaluated a subset of these procedures and completed the SAFE-T tool and Mayo Colonoscopy Skills Assessment Tool (MCSAT) for reliability testing. Results Twenty-six faculty completed 350 SAFE-T evaluations of the 15 fellows in the study. The mean SAFE-T overall score (year 1, 2.00; year 2, 3.84; year 3, 4.28) differentiated each sequential fellow year of training ( P P P = .0134). In dual-observed procedures, the SAFE-T tool showed excellent inter-rater reliability with a kappa agreement statistic of 0.898 ( P r > 0.90, P Conclusions We developed and validated the SAFE-T assessment tool, a concise and web-based means of assessing real-time gastroenterology fellow performance in colonoscopy.
The Efficiencies and Pathologies of Special Interest Partisanship

Why have group-party alliances become more common since the mid-twentieth century? To address this question, I develop a continuum of group-party relationships, running from fluid, unstructured interactions, akin to political pluralism, to highly institutionalized alliances, as we might see in a firm. Drawing on pluralist scholarship and theories of firm formation and evolution, I explore the costs and benefits of different arrangements and explain why we might expect to see movement along the continuum over time. On the one hand, pluralism offers flexibility to parties and groups, and alliances have little value when parties are too weak to discipline their members in Congress. On the other, institutionalized alliances offer significant efficiency and security gains, which are especially valuable during periods of growth. I demonstrate the plausibility of this organizational theory by examining the evolution of group-party relations in the executive branch from the Nixon through Reagan administrations using archival documents collected at four presidential libraries.
Textpresso Central: a customizable platform for searching, text mining, viewing, and curating biomedical literature

The biomedical literature continues to grow at a rapid pace, making the challenge of knowledge retrieval and extraction ever greater. Tools that provide a means to search and mine the full text of literature thus represent an important way by which the efficiency of these processes can be improved. We describe the next generation of the Textpresso information retrieval system, Textpresso Central (TPC). TPC builds on the strengths of the original system by expanding the full text corpus to include the PubMed Central Open Access Subset (PMC OA), as well as the WormBase C. elegans bibliography. In addition, TPC allows users to create a customized corpus by uploading and processing documents of their choosing. TPC is UIMA compliant, to facilitate compatibility with external processing modules, and takes advantage of Lucene indexing and search technology for efficient handling of millions of full text documents. Like Textpresso, TPC searches can be performed using keywords and/or categories (semantically related groups of terms), but to provide better context for interpreting and validating queries, search results may now be viewed as highlighted passages in the context of full text. To facilitate biocuration efforts, TPC also allows users to select text spans from the full text and annotate them, create customized curation forms for any data type, and send resulting annotations to external curation databases. As an example of such a curation form, we describe integration of TPC with the Noctua curation tool developed by the Gene Ontology (GO) Consortium. Textpresso Central is an online literature search and curation platform that enables biocurators and biomedical researchers to search and mine the full text of literature by integrating keyword and category searches with viewing search results in the context of the full text. It also allows users to create customized curation interfaces, use those interfaces to make annotations linked to supporting evidence statements, and then send those annotations to any database in the world. Textpresso Central URL: http://www.textpresso.org/tpc
Detection and Characterization of Intrusions to Network Parameter Data in Electric Power Systems

Combating cyberattacks is an emerging challenge in maintaining the reliable and economic operation of electric power systems. Possible cyberattacks include intrusions to the parameter data at a control center. In this class of attacks, algorithms at the control center are correctly executed, but the attacker’s modification of the associated parameter data yields improper results. This paper proposes an algorithm for detecting and characterizing cyberattacks to network parameter data, with specific application to optimal power flow problems. The proposed algorithm evaluates whether historical operating point data are consistent with the network parameters. Inconsistencies indicating potential cyberattacks are characterized using historical operational data (power injections and voltage phasors) along with network parameter data. Simulated test cases illustrate the proposed algorithm’s detection and characterization capabilities.
Hydrazido(1-), 1,2-Hydrazido(2-), and Hydrazido(4-) Complexes of Tungsten(VI)

We have found (Rocklage, Schrock, 1982) that niobium or tantalum neopentylidene complexes of the type M(CHCMe3)(THF)2Cl3 react with 0.5 eq of an azine such as PhCH=N-N=CHPh to yield cis and trans-Me3CCH=CHPh and sparingly soluble orange (M = Ta) or plum-colored (M = Nb) complexes of the composition [MCl3(THF)2]2 (μ-N2). The THF ligands in [TaCl3(THF)2]2− (μ-N2) can be replaced by phosphine ligands such as PMe2Ph or PEt3 to give related complexes of the type [TaCl3L2] 2(μ-N2). If one equivalent (per Ta) of PBZ3 (Bz = CH2Ph) is employed a product having the composition [TaCl3(THF)(PBz3)] 2(µ-N2) can be isolated. An x-ray structural study (Churchill, Wasserman, 1982, 218) shows it to have the structure in Figure 1. The Ta=N distance (1.796(5)A) compares favorably with that (1.765(5)A) found in the analogous imido complex, Ta(NPh)Cl3(THF)(PEt3) (Churchill, Wasserman, 1982, 223). The rather long N-N distance (1.282(6)A) and essentially linear Ta-N-N arrangement (178.9(4)°) suggest that the µ-N2 ligand is essentially a µ-hydrazido(4−) ligand. In keeping with this description this and similar complexes react readily with excess HC1 in ether to produce 85–90% of the expected hydrazine dihydrochloride. They also react with acetone to give Me2C=N−N=CMe2 in ~50% yield, an unprecedented type of reaction of a μ-N2 complex, but one which is analogous to the reaction of related phenylimido complexes with acetone to give Me2C=NPh in high yield. Treatment of the [MCl3(THF)2]2(μ-N2) complexes with Mg(CH2CMe3)2 or KOCMe3 yields neopentyl and t-butoxy complexes of the type [Ta(CH2CMe3)3(THF)] 2(μ-N2) and [Ta (OCMe 3) 3 (THF)] 2 (μ-N2), respectively, in good yield.
Statistical considerations for vaccine immunogenicity trials: Part 2: noninferiority and other statistical approaches to vaccine evaluation

Part 2 of this series investigates the statistical considerations of vaccine evaluation in an active-control trial. In particular, the strengths and weaknesses of the noninferiority methodology will be explored and contrasted for T-cell independent (does not elicit a memory response) and T-cell dependent (elicits a memory response) vaccines. At present, the noninferiority model is widely accepted as the primary tool for comparing the immunogenicity of a new or reformulated vaccine to an already existing licensed product. However, conclusions drawn from statistical hypothesis testing are dependent on the bioassay endpoint (e.g., antibody concentration) and the metric analyzed (e.g., geometric mean concentration, proportion fold-response, etc.). Competing vaccines may be highly immunogenic and still be judged inferior to licensed vaccines. T-cell dependent vaccines introduce new issues into the evaluation process regarding the analysis of short- and long-term immune response. Also, the kinetics of vaccine response is increasingly being recognized as an important variable in quantifying peak antibody levels after an immunization. This report will also illustrate a method for using multiple immunogenicity endpoints to measure vaccine effectiveness and protection through the use of statistical models and indicate the strengths and weaknesses of using these techniques.
7. The Role of Endoscopy in Bariatric Surgery

Bariatric surgery has evolved to occupy a prominent place in the practice of surgery. There are over 200,000 and probably closer to 220,000 bariatric operations performed every year in the USA, making it one of the leading individual areas of surgery in many hospitals in terms of case volume. The rise in popularity of bariatric surgery began just over a decade ago, when volumes escalated from about 20,000 cases per year in the 1998 era to about 140,000 cases per year by the year 2003. During that 5-year period, the performance of bariatric surgery evolved from using an open approach to a laparoscopic approach. This was the likely major source of the rise in popularity. Since then, there has been a steady but less dramatic annual increase in case volume. As more procedures are done, the prevalence of bariatric patients with perioperative and postoperative symptoms and problems, many of which can and should be addressed endoscopically, is also rising. The need for the bariatric surgeon to also be a flexible endoscopist is now greater than ever. Fortunately, many are doing so. Patients also seek health care in emergency rooms, clinics, and hospitals, where their bariatric surgeon is not located. Thus, there is a need for those surgeons and nonsurgeons performing flexible endoscopy to be appropriately familiar with the anatomy of various bariatric operations, as well as to the prevalent pathologic conditions which accompany these different bariatric procedures and their treatment. It is to that end that this chapter is written.
The Designer Fallacy and Technological Imagination

Earlier in the twentieth century, literary theorists developed the notion of an “intentional fallacy.” This was the notion that the (meaning of a text lay with the author’s intentions: if these could be uncovered, then the meaning of the text was established. One can easily see how, if this is the only true way to establish meaning, there could be difficulties. What if the author was long dead? Or, even if the author was living, how could one tell that he or she was telling the truth? What of unintended meanings, or meanings that fit but were not thought of in advance? Thus, the intentional fallacy recognizes such difficulties and cannot be considered an adequate account of interpretation.
Respiratory and Cardiovascular Effects of Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol Alone and in Combination with Oxymorphone, Pentobarbital, and Diazepam

Among the clear effects of marihuana and its derivatives are subjective sensations of pleasure, euphoria, dissociation, and mild analgesia. These are just the sensations an anesthesiologist would wish to induce in his patients preoperatively. He would like to provide these desirable effects at little cost to respiratory and circulatory control. Indeed, undesirable side effects on respiration and circulation constitute the major limitations to the various classes of premedicants generally in use, that is, opioids, sedatives, and ataractics. A common approach is to combine two or more types of drugs so that limited dosage of any one type will limit expression of side effects. In selecting drugs and dosage the anesthesiologist would like to have detailed dose response data, especially for respiratory and circulatory effects, including information on physiological interaction of different classes. This report considers the cardiovascular and respiratory effects of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and its interaction with drugs typical of the three classes, oxymorphone, pentobarbital, and diazepam. This work is both preliminary to and more broadly applicable than a clinical trial as a premedicant. In short, by discriminating and careful physiologic measurements of respiratory control and cardiovascular dynamics, we attempt to delineate toxic effects and mechanisms of THC aione, and in interaction with the other depressants. In brief, we found little alarming about large intravenous doses of THC except for its psychic effects, notably abject fear.
Nanotubes for tissue engineering

Abstract: From collagen fibrils in the extracellular matrix to hydroxyapatite crystals in bone, various tissues are comprised of nano-building units. The ubiquitous nature of nano-features in the human tissues has led to a strong motivation to use nanomaterials as part of tissue engineering efforts in order to build artificial tissues and organs. Nanotubes, a class of nanomaterials, have increasingly gained popularity due to their excellent physical properties and close resemblance to native structures in tissues. Their hollow tubular structure also enables them to be great candidates for drug and growth factor delivery. This chapter will mainly focus on carbon, silicon, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and membrane nanotubes, some of the biologically relevant nanotube groups, their fabrication and tissue engineering applications. The chapter will also cover the recent studies about nanotube biocompatibility and their possible clearance from the human body.
Mario Henrique Simonsen e Antonio Delfim Netto: Socializações Desiguais, Carreiras Análogas, Modalidades Díspares de Exercício do Poder

RESUMO Este artigo apresenta e analisa duas modalidades contrastantes de acesso a elite dirigente e de exercicio do poder, a partir da comparacao das origens sociais e das atuacoes na academia e na politica de Mario Henrique Simonsen e Antonio Delfim Netto. Tal abordagem permite observar uma transicao entre um modelo de acesso ao poder calcado na combinacao entre origem social privilegiada, trunfos culturais, cosmopolitismo e lacos de familia; e um modelo no qual a especializacao tecnica e os lacos tecidos no universo profissional ganham destaque. Simonsen e Delfim desempenharam funcoes analogas na consolidacao da ciencia economica no Brasil, sendo centrais na moldagem da pos-graduacao em economia e na incorporacao de perspectivas matematizadas no ensino e na pesquisa. Em seguida, transitam para o Governo Federal, carregando consigo seus alunos e a capacidade de legitimar tecnicamente suas decisoes politicas. O artigo sustenta que, malgrado a homologia profissional, os dois agem em suas escolas e exercem o poder de formas dispares, correlacionaveis as suas origens sociais e vias de acesso a elite dirigente.
Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention 2019 year in review statement from the editors.

2018 was quite a year for Eating Disorders: The Journal of Treatment and Prevention (EDJTP)! This was the first year for the journal with the two of us as the new Co-Editors-in-Chief after the foun...
Influence of Spirituality on Depression-Induced Inflammation and Executive Functioning in a Community Sample of African Americans

African Americans (AAs) are disproportion­ately affected by cerebrovascular pathology and more likely to suffer from premature cognitive decline. Depression is a risk fac­tor for poorer cognitive functioning, and research is needed to identify factors that serve to mitigate its negative effects. Studies have demonstrated positive influences of spirituality within the AA community. De­termining whether spirituality attenuates the effects of depressive symptoms on cogni­tive functioning and the pathophysiological mechanisms that explain these relationships in AAs is paramount. This study examines the influence of daily spiritual experiences on the relationship between depressive symptoms and cognitive functioning, and how inflammatory markers may partially explain these associations. A sample of 212 (mean age= 45.6) participants completed the Daily Spiritual Experience Scale (DSES), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), Trail Making Test A and B (TMT) and Stroop Col­or and Word Test (Stroop). Blood samples were collected to measure inflammatory mediators (IL-6, IL-1a, TNF-a). Linear regres­sion analyses were used to evaluate associa­tions. Higher BDI-II scores were associated with poorer psychomotor speed and visual scanning, measured by TMT A (B=1.49, P=.01). IL-6 explained a significant amount of variance in this relationship (B=.24, CI 95% [.00, .64]). IL-6 also significantly mediated the relationship between depres­sive symptoms and psychomotor speed and mental flexibility, measured by TMT B performance (B=.03, CI 95% [.003, .095]). Frequent spiritual experiences among AAs may ameliorate the negative influence of depressive symptoms on cognitive func­tioning. Ethn Dis. 2019;29(2):267-276; doi:10.18865/ed.29.2.267
Phase I trial of a novel DNA vaccine in patients (pts) with smoldering Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (sWM).

8050Background: Idiotypic determinants of the surface immunoglobulin (Ig) associated with a given pt’s B-cell lymphoma are unique to that tumor, and thus are a tumor-specific marker. This study aim...
EUS-guided biliary drainage is equivalent to ERCP for primary treatment of malignant distal biliary obstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background and study aims Although endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is standard of care for malignant biliary obstruction, endoscopic ultrasound-guided biliary drainage (EUS-BD) as a primary treatment has become increasingly utilized. The aim of this study was to perform a systematic review and meta-analysis to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of EUS-BD for primary treatment of malignant biliary obstruction and comparison to traditional ERCP. Methods Individualized search strategies were developed through November 2018 using PRISMA and MOOSE guidelines. A cumulative meta-analysis was performed by calculating pooled proportions. Subgroup analysis was performed for studies comparing EUS-BD versus ERCP. Heterogeneity was assessed with Cochran Q test or I 2 statistics, and publication bias by funnel plot and Egger’s tests. Results Seven studies (n = 193 patients; 57.5 % males) evaluating primary EUS-BD for malignant biliary obstruction were included. Mean age was 67.4 years (2.3) followed an average of 5.4 months (1.0). For primary EUS-BD, pooled technical success, clinical success, and adverse event (AE) rates were 95 % (95 % CI 91 – 98), 97 % (95 % CI 93 – 100), and 19 % (95 % CI 11 – 29), respectively. Among EUS-BD and ERCP comparator studies, technical and clinical success, and total AEs were not different with lower rates of post-ERCP pancreatitis and reintervention among the EUS-BD group. Conclusion Primary EUS-BD is an effective treatment with few AE. Comparing EUS-BD versus ERCP, EUS-BD has comparable efficacy and improved safety as a primary treatment for malignant biliary obstruction. Further randomized trials should be performed to identify patient populations and clinical scenarios in which primary EUS-BD would be most appropriate.
Incomprehensible!: A Study of How Our Legal System Encourages Incomprehensibility, Why It Matters, and What We Can Do About It (Chapters 1 and 3)

Drawing together evidence from work in administrative law, consumer contracts, financial disclosures, patents, chemical regulation, and legislative process, this book isolates a foundational flaw in the design of a number of legal processes. Each of these programs requires transparency and equal access to information, in large part because the regulated parties or other sophisticated actors are reluctant to share the “whole truth,” but at the same time, each of these programs is generally oblivious to the equally vital imperative of ensuring that this shared information is actually understandable and useful to the target audience. Instead, the burden for processing this information – no matter how vast, technical, or inscrutable – is regularly placed on audiences who are often less able to make sense of it. As a result of this loophole, some well-financed actors play information games to sidestep accountability and exploit target audiences who lack the resources and expertise needed to process the information being shared. Chapters 1 and 3 help lay the foundation for the book’s primary claims and for the legal applications and reform proposals that follow.
Using publicly available flight data to analyze health disparities in aeromedical retrieval

Objectives Specialist healthcare cannot be provided in all locations. Helicopters can help to reduce the inherent geographical inequity caused by long distances or difficult terrain. However, the selective use of aeromedical retrieval could lead to other forms of health disparities. The aim of this project was to evaluate such inequities in access to helicopter transport. Methods This was a geospatial analysis of publicly available flight tracking data for 18 emergency medical helicopters in the state of Alabama for a 90-day period between March 2019 and June 2019. Data are presented as the number of incidents attended per population, by population (total, insured, and uninsured), as funnel plots, by county. This method allows the identification of positive and negative outliers. Results We identified 672 likely scene retrieval flights. Twelve counties were probable (outside of 99% confidence interval [CI]) high outliers (more helicopter retrievals than expected), and 4 were possible (outside of 95% CI) high outliers. There were 5 possible low outliers (fewer helicopter retrievals than expected) and 6 probable low outliers. Analysis by insurance status revealed similar results. However, there was no easily discernible geographic pattern to this variability. Conclusion There is considerable geographical variability in the number of helicopter retrievals, with no easily discernable pattern. Some of this variability may be due to differences in injury epidemiology, but others may be due to case selection. However, the present data are insufficient to come to firm conclusions, and additional study is warranted.
Primary Lung Cancer

Thermal ablation is a newer tool in the therapeutic armamentarium for local control, but one with an established and increasingly important role to play in the overall paradigm of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) treatment. Since the first description of thermal ablation for lung tumors over two decades ago, techniques, which were at one time novel, have been continually refined and developed to improve its safety and efficacy. Currently, image-guided thermal ablation (IGTA) is inclusive of radiofrequency ablation (RFA), microwave ablation (MWA), and cryoablation (CA) and is a form of local therapy or local ablative therapy that can be considered as a potential alternative to other local therapies. Of the forms of local control available, thermal ablation is a cost-effective alternative and the only one consistently associated with lung preservation, especially prudent in patients with compromised lung function. Multiple large series of patients have been published with long-term data, demonstrating favorable rates of local control and overall survival, and several clinical trials have been performed demonstrating the efficacy of the procedure in a controlled setting. As our understanding of both clinical and technical aspects of the thermal ablation has improved, its role within the greater context of lung cancer therapy has emerged, not only as a stand-alone form of local therapy for early-stage NSCLC but as an aggressive complement in advanced stage disease. As the procedure becomes further validated and adopted and technology and techniques continue to advance, more patients with early- and late-stage NSCLC will benefit from this treatment alternative.
The Impact of Sociodemographic Factors, Comorbidities, and Physiologic Responses on 30-Day Mortality in Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Patients in Metropolitan Detroit

BACKGROUND: The relationship of health disparities and comorbidities in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) related outcomes are an ongoing area of interest. This report assesses risk factors associated with mortality in patients presenting with Covid-19 infection and healthcare disparities. METHODS: A retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients presenting to emergency departments within an integrated health system who tested positive for COVID-19 between March 7 and April 30, 2020 in Metropolitan Detroit. The primary outcomes were hospitalization and 30-day mortality. RESULTS: A total of 3,633 patients with mean age of 58 years were included. The majority were female and black non-Hispanic. Sixty-four percent required hospitalization, 56% of whom were black. Hospitalized patients were older, more likely to reside in a low-income area, and had a higher burden of comorbidities. By 30-days, 433 (18.7%) hospitalized patients died. In adjusted analyses, the presence of comorbidities, age >60 years and more severe physiological disturbance were associated with 30-day mortality. Residence in low income areas (odds ratio, 1.02; 95% confidence interval 0.76 - 1.36), and public insurance (odds ratio, 1.24; 95% confidence interval 0.76 - 2.01) were not independently associated with higher risk of mortality. Black female patients had a lower adjusted risk of mortality (odds ratio, 0.46; 95% confidence interval, 0.27 to 0.78). CONCLUSIONS: In this large cohort of COVID-19 patients, those with comorbidities, advanced age, and physiological abnormalities on presentation had higher odds of death. Disparities in income or source of health insurance were not associated with outcomes. Black women had a lower risk of dying.
Regulation of Continuous-Time Linear Input Delayed Systems Without Delay Knowledge

In this chapter, we propose a control scheme that, in the absence of any knowledge of the delay, regulates to zero the state and the control input of a linear input delayed system whose open loop poles are at the origin or in the open left-half plane. Two main features of our control scheme are its non-distributed nature in the sense that only the current state is used in the feedback and its delay independence in the sense that no knowledge of the delay, neither its exact value nor its upper bound, is required. The main ingredients of our control scheme and the regulation proof include the design of a delay independent truncated predictor feedback law with a time-varying feedback parameter, Lyapunov function based adaptation of the time-varying parameter, a mechanism for switching between two update laws of the time-varying parameter, and the partial differential equation based analysis of the closed-loop system.
Gender Trouble in South Asia

It is the thirtieth anniversary of the publication of Gender Trouble by the feminist philosopher of gender, sexuality, and governmentality, Judith Butler. When Gender Trouble came out in the United States, it hit the stands like a hit; it transformed and unraveled the modalities through which ontologies and epistemologies of gender came to be. This was especially the case with the trouble, the disturbances, the turbulence that Gender Trouble carried along with it. Gender Trouble's thematics sometimes syncopated against familiar habits of belief that were and are carefully nursed and held to one's heart, upending them in sometimes unexpected ways. The concept of “performativity,” for instance, generated a buzz, partly because it unhinged and reoriented several fail-safe, deeply felt materialized beliefs, such as the ontological immutability of gender cohering resolutely and unremittingly in and through an inveterate notion of the biological (belief certainty in the sense that the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein might intend as the unnoticed grounding of one's sense of and use of language itself laid in so deeply that it disappeared from immediate purchase). Gender Trouble also asked us to address the seemingly intransigent separations between interiority and exteriority and the obdurate artifice of an “interior core” (psyche, soul, etc.), which, because it was constituted as a priori, meant that people believed it lay beyond being touched or constituted by any social, economic, or political exigencies, “regulations,” or “disciplinary practices” and thus “preclude[d] an analysis of the political constitution of the gendered subject.”
Innovation by MNEs in Emerging Markets

Innovation is a key competitive advantage for companies in the 21st century. R&D and other innovative work was traditionally carried out by MNEs in their home countries, although it spread to some affiliates in other developed countries in the late 20th century, and to some emerging markets more recently. This paper analyzes the assignment of innovative activity, particularly R&D, by MNEs to their affiliates in emerging markets. Using both aggregate data produced by government organizations and company-specific interviews and published commentaries, we find that MNEs assign more responsibility for R&D and innovation to affiliates in emerging markets that have larger markets, lower human resource costs, greater overall R&D activity and to some extent greater activity of the company in question. China and India are huge exceptions to the rule that MNEs tend to assign only development work to emerging market affiliates: they are increasingly assigning core R&D to these two large countries. Corporate strategy can be adjusted to take advantage of low-cost R&D capabilities, particularly in these large markets, and to pull innovations from those affiliates throughout the rest of the firm. Public policy to attract R&D by MNEs should look at offering companies better access to sizable markets, offering incentives for R&D activity and building up R&D activity in the local economy, by companies and government alike.
How to Recognize and Treat MGRS

Abstract Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) represents a group of B-cell or plasma cell proliferative disorders that causes kidney injury via a monoclonal immunoglobulin they produce. The need for this new category of hematologic disorders came from a lack of renal definition in the current diagnostic criteria for plasma cell disorders, Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL). By definition, the hematologic conditions considered to be MGRS do not meet standard consensus criteria for malignancy or treatment, but they cannot be diagnosed as monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS) because of the end-organ damage. Although generally not life threatening except in the cases of immunoglobulin (AIg) amyloidosis and monoclonal immunoglobulin deposition disease (MIDD) with extrarenal manifestations, the kidney diseases secondary to MGRS are progressive and are associated with significant morbidity. The MGUS designation is also problematic because treatment is not recommended for the MGUS stage of these hematologic disorders. The clone directed therapy required for preservation of kidney function would not be available when these conditions were classified as MGUS, IgM MGUS or low-grade CLL. MGRS clearly separates these conditions from MGUS and allows for the use of clone directed therapy without contradicting current diagnostic criteria and guidelines.
GUILT, BLAME, AND RESPONSIBILITY: THE EXPERIENCES OF PARENTS AND CLINICIANS PROVIDING SERVICES TO ADOLESCENTS WITH CO-OCCURRING MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE CHALLENGES

GUILT, BLAME, AND RESPONSIBILITY: THE EXPERIENCES OF PARENTS AND CLINICIANS PROVIDING SERVICES TO ADOLESCENTS WITH COOCCURRING MENTAL HEALTH AND SUBSTANCE ABUSE CHALLENGES By Katherine Corinne Cohen-Filipic, M.S.W. A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2013 Major Director: Kia J. Bentley, Ph.D. Professor of Social Work The purpose of this study is to understand and describe the experiences of parents of, and clinicians who provide services to, adolescents with co-occurring mental health and substance use challenges, particularly as they relate to issues of guilt, blame, and responsibility. The study is based in a theoretical framework derived from Symbolic Interactionism (Blumer, 1969), Attribution Theory (Heider, 1958), and Barrett‘s (1995) Theory of Guilt and Shame. The guiding question the study is: What are the experiences of parents of adolescents with co-occurring mental health and substance abuse challenges and clinicians who provide treatment services around issues of blame, guilt, and responsibility, and how do those experiences shape their collaboration? Twenty three participants engaged in in-depth interviews. The results have been analyzed using a phenomenological approach to qualitative research. The results of the study have been
On the gap between structured singular values and their upper bounds

A geometric description of the gap between complex structured singular value (SSV or /spl mu/) and its "D-scaling" upper bound is given. As an application, it is shown that the gap grows not faster than linearly in the number of uncertain blocks. >