cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fluids with highly directional attractive forces. III. Multiple attraction sites

We derive a reformulation of statistical thermodynamics for fluids of molecules which interact by highly directional attraction. The molecular model consists of a repulsive core and several sites of very short-ranged attraction. We explore the relationship between graph cancelation in the fugacity expansion and three types of steric incompatibility between repulsive and attractive interactions involving several molecules. The steric effects are used to best advantage in a limited regrouping of bonds. This controls the density parameters which appear when articulation points are eliminated in the graphical representation. Each density parameter is a singlet density for a species consisting of molecules with a specified set of sites bonded. The densities satisfy subsidiary conditions of internal consistency. These conditions are equivalent to a minimization of the Helmholtz free energyA. Graphical expressions forA and for the pressurep are derived. Analogs of thes-particle direct correlation functions and of the Ornstein-Zernike equation are found.
Diagnostic practices to identify iron deficiency in higher plants

Abstract Fe chlorosis occurs in many plant species although chlorosis of monocots and dicots generally occurs under different soil and climatic conditions. Because an understanding of causal factors for chlorosis is important in diagnosis, the factors which promote iron chlorosis and the regulation of Fe uptake potential are reviewed. Extractable soil Fe is useful in diagnosing soils which will produce chlorotic monocots, but air‐drying soils increases extractable Fe unequally among soils. Certain enzyme changes with microelement deficiencies have been considered as diagnostic practices. However, the fundamental test for Fe deficiency remains ferrous sulfate or ferric chelate foliar sprays, or ferric chelate soil treatments. Sprays can identify Fe chlorosis whether leaves are low Fe (normal Fe deficiency), normal in Fe (inactivation or soil contamination of samples), or high in Fe (as happens with Zn toxicity‐induced chlorosis). Diagnosis is usually made through recognition of visual symptoms. Practical m...
Metastatic melanoma in a patient with Clouston syndrome successfully treated with isolated hyperthermic limb perfusion.

Background:Clouston syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by nail dystrophy, partial or total alopecia, and hyperkeratosis of the palms and soles.Objective:Although a variety of ...
Effects of vitamin D metabolites and analogs on bone collagen synthesis in vitro.

The effects of selected vitamin D3 metabolites and analogs on bone collagen synthesis in vitro were examined in organ cultures of neonatal mouse calvarial bone. The incorporation of [3H]proline into the collagenase-digestible fraction of newly synthesized protein was progressively inhibited by 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1α,25-(OH)2D3) (10−12 M to 10−7 M) in 24-h cultures, and incorporation into noncollagen protein was also blunted at the higher doses employed. The synthetic analog 1α-hydroxyvitamin D3 (1α-OHD3) was almost 300-fold less potent an inhibitor of collagen synthesis than was 1α,25(OH)2D3, and the natural metabolites 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25OHD3) and 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (24R,25(OH)2D3), 1000-fold less potent, although the dose-response curve for each of these compounds was not parallel with that for 1α,25(OH)2D3. The 24S,25(OH)2D3 enantiomer was four-fold less potent than 24R,25-(OH)2D3 or 25OHD3, and vitamin D3 showed less than 2% the activity of 25OHD3. The responses were unaffected by the substitution of 0.4% bovine albumin for 5% horse serum in the medium, and no stimulation of collagen synthesis was observed in response to 25-hydroxylated metabolites between 2×10−14 and 2×10−6 M or in cultures treated for up to 96 h with 24R,25(OH)2D3 (2×10−10M). The overall results emphasize the similarity of the structural requirements for the inhibition of matrix synthesis and the stimulation of resorption by active vitamin D metabolites in bone. In addition, these studies support the importance of the 1-hydroxyl function to the biologic activity of vitamin D in the skeleton.
A double-resonance spectrometer for pure NQR detection

Abstract The design of a high-sensitivity double-resonance NQR spectrometer is described. An NQR frequency is scanned in zero magnetic field and absorption is detected via an NMR signal in a high magnetic field. The sample is kept stationary and the magnetic field is turned on and off electronically. A new approach was used to switch the magnetic field. The solenoid consists of two coils. The current in one of the coils is kept constant. Current driven in parallel direction in the other coil yields a high magnetic field and when reversed the magnetic field vanishes. In this manner the power dissipation of the system remains constant and thermal swings during magnetic field switching are avoided.
Evaluating placement exams with a structured decision system

In a 1983 survey by the National Testing Network in Writing (NTNW), more than two-thirds of responding institutions reported using writing samples to assess their incoming students’ proficiency in composition. According to respondents, half of these tests (53%) relied solely on writing samples. Researchers believe grades and multiplechoice writing tests fail to measure writing competence, arguing that, Multiplechoice tests cannot measure the skills that most writing teachers identify as the domain of composition: inventing, revising, and editing ideas to fit purpose and audience within the context of suitable linguistic, syntactic, and grammatical forms. (Greenberg, 1986, p. xiv)
Building the Heart and the Mind: An Interview With Leading Social Entrepreneur Sarah Harris

In 10 years, Sarah Harris, vice-president of Emmis Communications' Incite entity, has grown a US$7.5 million social enterprise employing 10 social entrepreneurs. Harris insists that social entrepre...
Public health insurance and medical treatment: the equalizing impact of the Medicaid expansions

Abstract We investigate the impact of expanding public health insurance on the medical treatment received by women at childbirth, using Vital Statistics data on every birth in the US over the 1987–1992 period. The effects of insurance status on treatment are identified using the tremendous variation in eligibility for public insurance coverage under the Medicaid program over this period. Among low education mothers who were largely uninsured before being made eligible for Medicaid, eligibility for this program was associated with significant increases in the use of a variety of obstetric procedures. Among women with more education, however, there is a countervailing effect on procedure use. Most of these women had private insurance before becoming Medicaid-eligible, and some may have been ‘crowded out’ onto the public program, moving from insurance which reimburses medical care more generously to insurance with much less generous reimbursement. This movement was accompanied by reductions in procedure use. Thus, on net, the Medicaid expansions had an equalizing effect, increasing the treatment intensity of the previously uninsured while lowering it among the previously insured.
Combinatorial Semantics: Semantics for Frequent Validity

In ordinary first–order logic, a valid inference in a language L is one in which the conclusion is true in every model of the language in which the premises are true. To accommodate inductive/uncertain/probabilistic/nonmonotonic inference, we weaken that demand to the demand that the conclusion be true in a large proportion of the models in which the relevant premises are true. More generally, we say that an inference is [p,q] valid if its conclusion is true in a proportion lying between p and q of those models in which the relevant premises are true. If we include a statistical variable binding operator “%” in our language, there are many quite general (and useful) things we can say about uncertain validity. A surprising result is that some of these things may conflict with Bayesian conditionalization.
Use of Logs within Home Ranges of California Red-Backed Voles on a Remnant of Forest

We used radiotelemetry to investigate patterns of space use of the California red-backed vole ( Clethrionomys californicus ) on a remnant of forest in southwestern Oregon. We radiotracked four voles and mapped the locations of logs of varying decay classes within the home range of each vole. Of the collective locations of voles, 98% coincided with downed logs even though logs covered only 7% of the areas of estimated home ranges. Furthermore, voles used logs in later stages of decay significantly more often than logs in earlier stages of decay. This high use of decayed logs suggests that decayed logs are a critical component of suitable habitat for voles.
Trends in community mortality due to coronary heart disease.

Background Relatively little data are available, particularly from the more generalizable perspective of a population-based investigation, describing recent trends in death rates due to coronary heart disease (CHD). The objectives of this observational study were to describe changes over a twelve year period (1990-2001) in death rates due to CHD and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in residents of the Worcester, Massachusetts, metropolitan area (2000 census = 478,000). A secondary study goal was to describe changes in death rates attributed to CHD over time separately in men and in women, in persons of different ages, and according to location of death. Methods Death datatapes were obtained from the Massachusetts Department of Public Health for greater Worcester residents who died over the period 1990 to 2001. Results Marked declines were observed in the population death rates (per 100,000) due to CHD (1990 death rate = 322; 2001 death rate = 224) and AMI (1990 death rate = 137; 2001 death rate = 87) in the greater Worcester population. Declines in the annual death rates attributed to CHD were observed in both the hospital (4.4% decline) and out-of-hospital setting (1.6% decline) as well as for patients dying from AMI (annual declines of 4.8% and 1.9% respectively). Reductions in CHD death rates over time were observed in men and in women and in persons of all ages. Conclusions The present results demonstrate encouraging declines in community death rates due to CHD and AMI over time and the impact of evolving primary and secondary prevention efforts.
It's Complicated: Corporate Sustainability and the Uneasiness of Life Cycle Assessment

AbstractLife cycle assessment (LCA) is a technique and field of expertise aimed at modeling the complete ‘cradle-to-grave’ life of goods and services, as well as their multiple impacts on environmental and human well-being. Although not new, in recent years LCA has become a central tool in corporate and government initiatives to improve overall product sustainability. These initiatives show how corporate supply chains have become increasingly important sites and objects of knowledge production. But the production process is not straightforward. LCA practitioners must navigate complicated relationships with corporations that serve as both clients and sources of vital information. The challenges of generating knowledge deemed both credible and useful are compounded by the complexity, diversity and contingency of product life cycles, as well as by ongoing debates about exactly how product sustainability should be modeled and assessed. While some of these challenges are unique to LCA, others reflect tensions ...
Population inversion in hyperfine states of Rb with a single nanosecond chirped pulse in the framework of a four-level system

We implement a four-level semiclassical model of a single pulse interacting with the hyperfine structure in ultracold rubidium aimed at control of population dynamics and quantum state preparation. We discuss a method based on pulse chirping to achieve population inversion between hyperfine states of the $5S$ shell. The results may prove useful for quantum operations with ultracold atoms.
Comparison of classification algorithms to predict outcomes of feedlot cattle identified and treated for bovine respiratory disease

Abstract Bovine respiratory disease (BRD) continues to be the primary cause of morbidity and mortality in feedyard cattle. Accurate identification of those animals that will not finish the production cycle normally following initial treatment for BRD would provide feedyard managers with opportunities to more effectively manage those animals. Our objectives were to assess the ability of different classification algorithms to accurately predict an individual calf’s outcome based on data available at first identification of and treatment for BRD and also to identify characteristics of calves where predictive models performed well as gauged by accuracy. Data from 23 feedyards in multiple geographic locations within the U.S. from 2000 to 2009 representing over one million animals were analyzed to identify animals clinically diagnosed with BRD and treated with an antimicrobial. These data were analyzed both as a single dataset and as multiple datasets based on individual feedyards and partitioned into training, testing, and validation datasets. Classifiers were trained and optimized to identify calves that did not finish the production cycle with their cohort. Following classifier training, accuracy was evaluated using validation data. Analysis was also done to identify sub-groups of calves within populations where classifiers performed better compared to other sub-groups. Accuracy of individual classifiers varied by dataset. The accuracy of the best performing classifier by dataset ranged from a low of 63% in one dataset up to 95% in a different dataset. Sub-groups of calves were identified within some datasets where accuracy of a classifiers were greater than 98%; however these accuracies must be interpreted in relation to the prevalence of the class of interest within those populations. We found that by pairing the correct classifier with the data available, accurate predictions could be made that would provide feedlot managers with valuable information.
Steady-state reaction-diffusion-convection equations: dead cores and singular perturbations

(here E > 0, f(0) = 0, and f(u) > 0 for II > 0) or generalizations have been considered by several authors (Bandle, Sperb, and Stakgold [l], Bobisud [2], Bobisud and Stakgold [3], Chang and Howes [I], Fife [5], Friedman and Phillips [6], O’Malley [S, 91, Stakgold [lo], among others). Let z(x) be the solution of the degenerate equation obtained by formally setting E = 0 in (l)-in this case, z(x) = 0. Then Bobisud [2], Chang and Howes [J]. Fife [5], and O’Malley [S, 91 are concerned with the singular perturbation problem, that is, with showing that u,(x) ---, z(x) as E + 0, uniformly for x in a compact subset of (1, l), and with estimating the order of this degeneration. On the other hand, Bandle, Sperb, and Stakgold [I]. Bobisud [2], Bobisud and Stakgold [3], Friedman and Phillips [6], and Stakgold [lo] show a stronger result when f is not Lipschitz continuous at 0: given any compact subset A C (1, l), u,(x) = z(x) on A for all sufficiently small E. For any E > 0, the subset of [1. I] on which u,(x) = z(x) is called the dead core for that E, a terminology that stems from applications to chemical reactors. The special feature of z(x) that makes the existence of a dead core possible is that z is a solution of the full equation EZ” = f(z) for all E 2 0, as will be seen below. Our concern here is the extension of results of both sorts to right hand sides that depend on u; as well as cl,, i.e. to the problem
High resolution target range estimation using frequency-stepped CW radar

An optical signal processing algorithm is derived for obtaining high-resolution target range estimates from a small set of narrow-bandwidth frequency-stepped continuous-wave (CW) radar measurements. The derivation is based on minimizing the two-norm of the difference between the sequence of measured reflection coefficients and those produced by a model which assumes that the echoes from the radar channel are impulses in the time domain. The resolution achievable using the proposed optimization algorithm is demonstrated using two sets of measurements taken from an HP-8510 network analyzer, one at the input port of an air-line coaxial standard containing two step discontinuities in characteristic impedance and the other at the input port of a microwave reflectometer test apparatus. Comparison of the results of the optimization approach with those produced by the conventional inverse fast Fourier transform (IFF) technique shows that when the bandwidth is reduced far beyond the point at which the IFFT fails to distinguish two reflections that are known to exist, the optimization approach clearly resolves the reflections, and estimates the range to each source of reflection accurately. >
One Step Beyond Nozick's Minimal State: The Role of Forced Exchanges in Political Theory

INTRODUCTION Like so many other scholars who work in the tradition of strong property rights and limited government, I owe a major intellectual debt to Robert Nozick for his 1974 masterpiece, Anarchy, State, and Utopia1-a debt that is now, sadly, beyond our ability to repay. The central points of his argument have been rehearsed often enough, so that a capsule summary should suffice here. As a political theorist, Nozick believed in two propositions. He believed, first, that the minimal state could be justified under the most exacting standards for political obligation, and, second, that-I choose my words carefully–any more extensive state violates the individual rights that the minimal state secures. When these two propositions are united, it follows that the minimal state is the only permissible state. Anything less does not offer full protection to the rights that individuals have. Anything more than the minimal state violates those rights. In effect, the minimal state functions as both the lower and upper bound of a legitimate state, and hence as the only acceptable version thereof. I think that these propositions are both wrong, and for the same reason; namely, they ignore, or at least understate, the critical role of forced exchanges at both stages of the argument. Perhaps the safest way to put this criticism is this: Nozick begins by developing a theory of the state, and only after that is completed does he develop his theory of individual entitlements in a chapter devoted to undercutting the case for redistribution.
Time Independent Functional Task Training: A case study on the effect of inter-joint coordination driven haptic guidance in stroke therapy

After a stroke abnormal joint coordination of the arm may limit functional movement and recovery. To aid in training inter-joint movement coordination a haptic guidance method for functional driven rehabilitation after stroke called Time Independent Functional Training (TIFT) has been developed for the ARMin III robot. The mode helps retraining inter-joint coordination during functional movements, such as putting an object on a shelf, pouring from a pitcher, and sorting objects into bins. A single chronic stroke subject was tested for validation of the modality. The subject was given 1.5 hrs of robotic therapy twice a week for 4 weeks. The therapy and the results of training the single stroke subject are discussed. The subject showed a decrease in training joint error for the sorting task across training sessions and increased self-selected movement time in training. In kinematic reaching analysis the subject showed improvements in range of motion and joint coordination in a reaching task, as well as improvements in supination-pronation range of motion at the wrist.
Design of RC-active filters for large variations in the gain-bandwidth product

A simple technique to design RC active filters to meet specified performance bounds over a wide range of values for the gain-bandwidth product is presented. The technique uses the simplicity approximation to the acceptability region to iteratively modify an ideal design. >
Use and costs of public-sector behavioral health services for african-american and white women

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to identify differences between African-American and white women in the use of behavioral health services and factors associated with these differences. METHODS: In one large public behavioral health system, data on demographic characteristics, financial resources, clinical disorders, service use patterns, and costs of care were analyzed for 10,905 African-American and 19,069 white women between the ages of 18 and 59 years who received behavioral health services in 1997. RESULTS: The African-American women were more likely to be older, never married, unemployed, and eligible for Medicaid and to have a diagnosis of a psychotic disorder or a substance use disorder. African-American women were more likely than white women to receive inpatient substance abuse services and to receive more community-based day treatment services, medication services, and case management services. However, the costs of that care differed by only 2 to 4 percent from those for white women. P...
Distribution of large-scale contractional tectonic landforms on Mercury: Implications for the origin of global stresses

The surface of Mercury is dominated by contractional tectonic landforms that are evidence of global-scale crustal deformation. Using MESSENGER orbital high-incidence angle imaging and topographic data, large-scale lobate thrust fault scarps have been mapped globally. The spatial distribution and areal density of the contractional landforms are not uniform; concentrations occur in longitudinal bands and between the north and south hemispheres. Their orientations are generally north-south at low latitude to midlatitude and east-west at high latitudes. The spatial distribution and distribution of orientations of these large-scale contractional features suggest that planet-wide contraction due to interior cooling cannot be the sole source of global stresses. The nonrandom orientations are best explained by a combination of stresses from global contraction and tidal despinning combined with an equator-to-pole variation in lithospheric thickness, while the nonuniform areal density of the contractional features may indicate the influence of mantle downwelling or heterogeneities in lithospheric strength.
Studies on the Secretion of Maize Root Cap Slime

The involvement of dictyosomes and their vesicles in secretion of slime by maize root cap cells is demonstrated by kinetic and organelle fractionation experiments using l-fucose as a specific marker for the secreted slime. Pulse-chase experiments show that l-[1-3H]fucose is incorporated into two distinct fractions of root cap cells. Incorporation into a water-soluble, ethyl alcohol-insoluble fraction of the homogenate has a peak at 20 minutes of chasing followed by rapid loss of label. Seventy per cent of the radioactivity in this fraction is secreted from the tissue during a 2-hour chase period. Incorporation of label from [3H]fucose into a water-insoluble fraction is kinetically different suggesting that in situ incorporation of label is occurring into the cell wall. Labeling of the water-soluble, ethyl alcohol-insoluble fraction with an 14C-amino acid mixture differs from that of [3H]fucose. Thus, while release of the [3H]fucose-containing polymer begins after 10 to 15 minutes of chasing, the release of the 14C-amino acid polymer is delayed an additional 5 to 10 minutes and occurs at a lower rate. Cesium chloride density gradient centrifugation of secreted material labeled with radioactivity from [3H]fucose indicates the presence of only one major component having a buoyant density similar to that of purified root cap slime (1.63 g cm−3). Sucrose density gradient centrifugation of homogenates of [3H]fucose-labeled root cap tissue shows that radioactivity in nondialyzable material occurs as a broad band between densities 1.12 and 1.18 g cm−3 with a peak at density 1.15 g cm−3, the same density at which dictyosomes were localized by electron microscopy. Autoradiography of organelle fractions shows that radioactivity was associated almost exclusively with dictyosomes.
Planning Large Transportation Projects: Six-Stage Model

A model is presented that describes the life of large transportation projects. The model has six stages, each one devoted to a different part in the life of the project: prehistory of the project, project development, procurement, implementation, operations and maintenance, and long-range impacts and economic restructuring. This six-stage model should help planners and project promoters go through the task of developing and implementing large transportation projects. The model describes the different issues in each stage and embedded in the discussion are ways for addressing them. The political, institutional, as well as technical aspects are addressed, and they are linked to show how they affect the evolution of the project. The analysis presented in the six-stage model can be interpreted as a call for planners and project promoters to acknowledge that large transportation projects are very complex and that planning and implementing them requires planners and promoters to behave in a strategic way that includes intertwining technical and political issues.
Functional Specificity of Mossy Fiber Innervation of GABAergic Cells in the Hippocampus

One million mossy fibers in the rat provide individually sparse but functionally important synaptic connections between the dentate gyrus and hippocampus. Although the majority of mossy fiber targets are GABAergic cells, the functional organization of the feedforward GABAergic machinery modulating the interactions of granule cells and CA3 pyramidal cells are not yet understood. We used mossy fiber bouton to GABA neuron paired recordings in the CA3 to demonstrate that mossy fibers provide cell type-specific innervation to distinct GABAergic neurons with specialized intra- and extrahippocampal outputs. Our results show that mossy fibers contact the perisomatically projecting fast-spiking and regular-spiking basket cells, in addition to the dendritically projecting ivy cells, and the septum-projecting spiny stratum lucidum cells. Monosynaptic mossy fiber inputs to fast-spiking basket cells and spiny stratum lucidum cells were found to be numerous, but they were small in amplitude and displayed low transmission probabilities. In contrast, regular-spiking basket cells and ivy cells were less likely to be innervated by mossy fibers, but the amplitudes of mossy fiber EPSCs were large and the transmission probabilities were high. The dependence of the numbers and strengths of the mossy fiber inputs to CA3 GABAergic cells on the postsynaptic cell type was correlated with the frequency of the background synaptic events, so that cells with weak but numerous mossy fiber inputs received high rates of spontaneous synaptic events. Together, these results reveal the diverse components and high degree of functional specificity of the GABAergic cellular machinery underlying the dentate gyrus–CA3 interface.
Dealing with constraints: a biomechanical approach

Quantitative observations are presented on how normal human subjects manipulate a loaded crank. Velocity patterns showed that the task was performed smoothly, despite kinematic singularities which required rapid, precisely timed reversals of joint motion. Significant forces were exerted normal to the crank such that the crank partially supported the weight of the arm. Kinematic data revealed that arm motion depended on the direction of crank motion. These observations suggest that humans use a task-oriented control strategy and may take advantage of motion constraints to reduce required effort. >
In Vitro Cytotoxicity of Periodontally Diseased Root Surfaces

The purpose of this experiment was to develop a model system for controlled in vitro testing of root surface toxicity. Human gingival fibroblasts were placed into a depression created in the root surfaces of ten heat sterilized periodontally involved teeth, one half of which were root planed to remove all irritants. The teeth and fibroblasts were incubated in culture medium for 5 days, after which the cells were fixed and stained. Each tooth was examined for migration of cells onto the root planed and non-root planed areas of the tooth, and for evidence of any cytotoxic reaction. No difference in pattern of cell growth, cell migration, or cytotoxic reaction was discernible between root planed and non-root planed areas. Normal fibroblasts could be detected on the surfaces of dentin, calculus, periodontally involved cementum, and enamel. It appears that heat-sterilized periodontally-involved root surfaces, as well as calculus and calculus-laden enamel, were not toxic to human gingival fibroblasts in cell cu...
Disproportionality at the "front end" of the child welfare services system: an analysis of rates of referrals, "hits", "misses", and "false alarms".

Data from NIS-4, NCANDS, and the State of California were used to analyze the front end of the child welfare services system--the referral and substantiation components--in terms of the system's ability to diagnose or detect instances of child maltreatment. The analyses show that Blacks are disproportionately represented in rates of referral into the system. Moreover, the analyses demonstrate that the system is less accurate for Blacks than for other racial or ethnic groups. There is a higher rate of false positives (or "false alarms") for Blacks than for other groups--that is, referrals leading to unsubstantiated findings. There is also a higher rate of false negatives (or "misses") for Blacks than for other groups--that is, children for whom no referral was made but who are in fact neglected or abused. The rate of true positives (or "hits")--children for whom a referral has been made and for whom that allegation has been substantiated--is generally higher for Blacks than for other groups, but this is attributable largely to the higher rate of referral for Blacks. In sum, the system demonstrates lower levels of accuracy for Blacks than for other groups. A model is proposed demonstrating that random error, as opposed to systematic bias, could produce a pattern of results much like that observed in the data. Language: en
Identification of Skin-reacting Substance in Blood Sera from Tuberculous Patients and Animals.

A biologic method has been devised for identifying a specific skin-reacting substance in the blood serum of tuberculous patients and animals. The point of departure was an earlier observation reported elsewhere1 that sensitization in normal guinea pigs could be accomplished with fractional tuberculins prepared from non-protein substrates.Duplicate series of healthy white guinea pigs, weighing 450 to 500 grams, were used in each set of experiments. These were grouped as follows:(1) Normal guinea pigs previously injected with tuberculin fractions.(2) Normal, untreated guinea pigs, and(3) Tuberculous guinea pigs with early, moderately advanced, and far advanced infections.The animals were tested with (a) human sera from early and far advanced tuberculosis, (b) same sera heated at 60 to 65° C. on a water-bath for 45 minutes, (c) normal human serum, (d) guinea pig serum from early and moribund stages of tuberculosis. Intracutaneous injections of 0.02 cc. of each serum were given for each test. The guinea pigs ...
Gas Volume Changes in the Esophageal Diverticula of Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae)

At adult emergence, the midgut is distended with gas and the diverticula are empty. Gas then disappears from the midgut and, by 24 h the diverticula are inflated to a volume which remains unchanged for at least 48 h. By 24 h after ingestion of blood, the diverticula are nearly devoid of gas and are then re-inflated. Diverticular gas volume decreases immediately following a sugar meal in specimens starved for 24 h and then increases at a constant rate. Diverticular gas volume does not decrease immediately following ingestion of sugar in specimens starved for 72 h. We suggest the following: (1) diverticular gas decreases specific gravity when an increase in the efficiency of utilization of energy reserves would be advantageous, i.e., when reserves are depleted and when the female is ready to fly to an oviposition site; and (2) the proportion of a sugar meal which goes to the diverticula and to the midgut is a function of physiological state.
The Search for a Physiologically Active Substance in Calf Thymus Tissue

SummaryNone of the metabolic functions studied have been significantly or specifically influenced by extracts of the thymus gland under the conditions cited.
An introduction to academic radiology

If you are a junior faculty member or are thinking of pursuing an academic career path, and you have read this far, you may be feeling somewhat overwhelmed. Keep all of this in perspective with your own personal goals and your "nonacademic" life outside the medical center. The multifaceted career of an academic radiologist may span 20-30 years or more. Whichever aspect of an academic career suits you best now may not be what suits you best 5 or 10 years from now. While you should be concentrating on the publication of manuscripts as an assistant professor, the other aspects, particularly administration and participation in organized radiology, may play a larger role in your career as you become more senior.
Modeling severity of single vehicle run-off-road crashes in rural areas: model comparison and selection

Run-off-road (ROR) crashes account for a large proportion of fatalities and serious injuries to vehicle occupants, especially in rural areas. While performing crash severity analysis using discrete...
Research on Modeling and Simulation of Command Entity

Introduced the typical application of command entity's modeling and simulation home and abroad.Deeply analyzed kinds of key technologies adopted by the three main aspects of command entity's modeling and simulation-mission planning,command and control,maneuver cooperation.Pointed out the development of technology and application about command entity's modeling and simulation.
Size measurement of nanoparticles using atomic force microscopy

This chapter outlines procedures for sample preparation and the determination of nanoparticle size using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Several procedures for dispersing gold nanoparticles on various surfaces such that they are suitable for imaging and height measurement via intermittent contact mode, or tapping mode, AFM are first described. The methods for AFM calibration and operation to make such measurements are then discussed. Finally, the techniques for data analysis and reporting are provided. The nanoparticles cited are National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) Au nanoparticle Reference Materials RM 8011 (nominally 10 nm particles), RM 8012 (nominally 30 nm), and RM 8013 (nominally 60 nm).
Mismanagement or Maladjustment

In previous chapters it was demonstrated that the multilateral organizations got their analysis and recommendations for Sierra Leone consistently wrong. At this point we go beyond criticism to analyse what actually happened to the economy of Sierra Leone to produce such chronic instability in the 1980s. First, we again summarize the story the multilaterals told about Sierra Leone in the 1980s: after the economy suffered an external shock in the late 1970s, the government unwisely expanded expenditure which worsened the balance of payments and provoked inflation; the inflation resulted in overvaluation of the exchange rate; the overvalued exchange rate depressed exports, which fed back to make a bad balance-of-payments situation even worse; and compounding these problems was a foolish policy of intervention in domestic agricultural markets which discouraged production, as well as worsening the rural-urban income gap. As we saw, there was little fact and much fiction to this story: (1) from the late 1970s onwards the Government cut real expenditure, it did not raise it; (2) compared with other currencies of the region, the Leone was not overvalued; (3) when the Leone appreciated in the 1980s, the trade balance improved; (4) with regard to agricultural policy (a) the policies of the Rice Board seem to have had little negative effect on production; (b) producer prices for the major export crops closely followed the trend in world prices; and (c) there is no evidence that export crop output correlated with the gap between the producer price and the export price; (5) had a shift in income toward urban areas occurred (and the opposite happened), it would have probably improved income distribution, not worsened it.
The Idealization of an Integrated BIM, Lean, and Green Model (BLG)

We are at a historical moment where increases in global population and economic affluence are creating exponentially greater resource consumption and a similar exponential increase in the generation of Greenhouse Gases (GhG). The construction industry is bracing for a prolonged inflationary period driven by rapidly expanding global demand and an urgent need to provide built environments that are sustainable in the long run. For the industry, the lack of idealization of futuristic solutions is a strong cultural and professional barrier; it also lacks a body of theory.
Gifted and Thriving: A Deeper Understanding of Meaning of GT

Gifted and talented children one day become adults and the experiences of their pre-adult years at home, in their various communities, and in school settings impact both their success and their happiness as adults. While development, education, and life experiences affect all individuals, it is in the interactions of high ability, ability-related performance, and what can best be called wisdom that the gifted and talented individual will find happiness. This chapter explores the dynamics related to the transformation of gifts into personal thriving. Talent has been called the development of the gifts into high-level performances, thriving begins with talent development but looks beyond high-level performance to deep satisfaction and what allows the gifted and talented to flourish across their life span. The notion of thriving includes academic and career success and adds the goal of personal happiness. Thriving is explored through the aspects of the psychology of human strengths, subjective well-being, strength of character, integrity, wisdom, the interaction of ability–interests–accomplishments, spirituality and faith, and positive personal relationships.
Influence of a Trematode Parasite (Microphallus turgidus) on Grass Shrimp ( Palaemonetes pugio ) Response to Refuge and Predator Presence.

Abstract The grass shrimp (Palaemonetes pugio) is a staple prey species in the diet of many ecologically and economically important species such as blue crab and striped bass and is commonly infected with a trematode parasite, Microphallus turgidus. To complete its life cycle, M. turgidus must be consumed as a metacercaria by a bird or mammal definitive host. Previous research has found that infected grass shrimp behave more conspicuously than uninfected shrimp around predators, which include mummichogs (Fundulus heteroclitus). In addition, grass shrimp are more likely to avoid predation when they have access to coarse woody debris (CWD). Aquaria experiments revealed that uninfected shrimp significantly reduce the amount of time spent swimming in the presence of a fish predator, whereas infected shrimp did not exhibit this predation avoidance behavior. Uninfected shrimp also increased predator avoidance behavior (“backthrusts”) in the absence of CWD, whereas infected shrimp did not. These findings suggest...
Architecture for remote training of home telemedicine patients.

In spite of efforts to develop easy-to-use devices, patients may require multiple training sessions to achieve mastery of advanced telehealth devices, especially those incorporating web-access. In geographically-distributed projects, such repeat training can be costly. A software architecture for simultaneous voice conferencing and remote device control over a single telephone line is presented. Evaluation of the pilot implementation is favorable. Background : The IDEATel project is an 8-year randomized controlled study of the efficacy of a home telemedicine system for diabetes care of the elderly rural and inner-city patients in medically underserved areas, supported by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS). Central to this project is the home telemedicine unit (HTU), which provides: videoconferencing, remote monitoring, secure messaging, data review, and web- based education.
Fracture characterization in tight carbonates: An example from the Ozark Plateau, Arkansas

Outcrop studies of fracture development, used as analogs for subsurface fracture patterns, are critical because of the importance of fractures as fluid flow pathways and the fact that most fracture networks exist at a smaller resolution than current seismic data can resolve. Fracture networks in carbonate units are typically controlled by the mechanical properties of the unit, indicating that the mechanical stratigraphy, as well as the fracture stratigraphy, should be considered. This study presents the results of a fracture analysis in the Mississippian carbonates of the Ozark Plateau, considering both mechanical and fracture network characteristics. Mechanical characteristics of the succession were defined using a combination of rebound values and thin section petrography. Fracture characteristics included orientation and intensity, together with abutting relationships. Results indicate that fracture orientations show a distinct evolution throughout the measured succession, including the appearance of early systematic sets, followed by pervasive systematic fracture sets related to existing basement features. Fracture orientation changes do not correspond to changes in mechanical stratigraphy. Fracture intensity, however, is related to the thickness of the mechanical unit instead of the bed thickness and is greatest in less competent units. Mechanical control influences the fracture network on a smaller scale than that of regional tectonic stresses. Thus, evaluations of carbonate reservoirs must account for both the large-scale and the small-scale investigations into fracture characteristic controls. Outcrop evaluations are of critical importance to properly assess characteristics that are challenging to recover from conventional subsurface data sets such as core and seismic reflection volumes.
Confronting the female athlete paradox with humor and irony: a thematic analysis of SoccerGrlProbs YouTube video content

AbstractComprised of three former collegiate female soccer players, SoccerGrlProbs initially built a large Twitter following before they began producing popular YouTube videos in 2012. Subsequently, SoccerGrlProbs has grown into a lifestyle brand, producing over 70 videos, and creating a complete line of apparel – designed ‘to establish a sense of unity and sisterhood in the female soccer community’. This study considers how the amusing videos produced by SoccerGrlProbs confront the female athlete paradox endured by competitive female soccer players. An analysis of a purposive sample drawn from the group’s YouTube channel video content revealed that SoccerGrlProbs addresses the female athlete paradox by ironically and humorously tackling femininity, competitiveness and aggression, and dedication and commitment.
Synthesis and Assembly of Click-Nucleic-Acid-Containing PEG–PLGA Nanoparticles for DNA Delivery

Co-delivery of both chemotherapy drugs and siRNA from a single delivery vehicle can have a significant impact on cancer therapy due to the potential for overcoming issues such as drug resistance. However, the inherent chemical differences between charged nucleic acids and hydrophobic drugs have hindered entrapment of both components within a single carrier. While poly(ethylene glycol)-block-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PEG-PLGA) copolymers have been used successfully for targeted delivery of chemotherapy drugs, loading of DNA or RNA has been poor. It is demonstrated that significant amounts of DNA can be encapsulated within PLGA-containing nanoparticles through the use of a new synthetic DNA analog, click nucleic acids (CNAs). First, triblock copolymers of PEG-CNA-PLGA are synthesized and then formulated into polymer nanoparticles from oil-in-water emulsions. The CNA-containing particles show high encapsulation of DNA complementary to the CNA sequence, whereas PEG-PLGA alone shows minimal DNA loading, and non-complementary DNA strands do not get encapsulated within the PEG-CNA-PLGA nanoparticles. Furthermore, the dye pyrene can be successfully co-loaded with DNA and lastly, a complex, larger DNA sequence that contains an overhang complementary to the CNA can also be encapsulated, demonstrating the potential utility of the CNA-containing particles as carriers for chemotherapy agents and gene silencers.
Effect of yarn structure on wicking and its impact on bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) on woven cotton fabrics

Bloodstain pattern analysis (BPA) of bloodstains on hard, non-porous surfaces has found widespread use in crime scene analysis and reconstruction for violent crimes in which bloodshed occurs. At many violent crime scenes, bloody clothing is also found and may be analyzed. However, to date, there are no definitive methods for analyzing bloodstains on textiles, even for simple drip stains. There are two major classes of textiles used for apparel and household textiles, weaves and knits. In this article, drip stains on two 100% cotton plain weave fabrics representative of bed sheets are analyzed. Since it is common practice in the manufacture of bed sheeting to use different types of yarn in the warp and weft direction to reduce cost, custom weaves were made from yarns produced by each of the three most common staple yarn production techniques to control this variable. It was found that porcine blood wicked into the fabrics made with ring spun yarn, but not into those made with open end or vortex spun yarns. The uneven wicking of blood into the different yarns resulted in elliptical-shaped stains on commercial bed sheeting that can be misleading when performing bloodstain pattern interpretation based on the stain morphology. This surprising result demonstrates that it is not sufficient to analyze the structure of the fabric, but one must also characterize the yarns from which the fabric is made. This study highlights the importance of a deeper characterization of the textile structure, even down to the yarn level, for BPA on textiles.
The de Haas-van Alphen effect in white tin

Abstract A low frequency field modulation differential magnetometer has been adapted to allow numerical Fourier analysis of data taken in de Hass-van Alphen (DHVA) effect studies. The technique is used to determine the effect mass of those sections of the Fermi surface in white, metallic, tin contributing to the DHVA with the magnetic field parallel to the (100) and (001) crystallographic axes. In addition, the observation of anomalous, intense oscillations whose frequencies are high order (greater than sixth) linear combinations of the frequencies of the fundamental DHVA oscillations are reported and discussed.
A novel battery management system using a duality of the adaptive droop control theory

This paper proposes a new battery management system (BMS) for a series string of battery cells. The proposed control structure is based on a duality of the adaptive droop control theory used in grid / microgrid connected sources. The presented BMS control structure yields higher reliability compared to the conventional ones due to its decentralization features and its communication-less ability. The adaptive droop control duality is achieved by adjusting the DC/DC converter virtual admittance value according to the associated battery State Of Charge (SOC). Thus, balanced power sharing can be achieved between the connected battery cells during both charging and discharging conditions. The proposed BMS architecture and control structure are validated both using two case study results and experimentally.