cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Low-cost flat-panel array for through wall opportunistic sensing

A novel through wall imaging method employing a discrete set of quick-look images (via a fixed aperture antenna array) was presented. This snapshot method was compared to the conventional SAR imaging approach. It was shown that the new method produced images of nearly the same quality as those of SAR for through wall imaging. In addition, an imaging system design has been proposed which employs a unique planar broadband array. This system is designed to be small, low-cost, efficient, and portable. In the future, new near-field super-resolution techniques will be applied with the goal of producing high resolution images from this fixed aperture system.
A workflow for genome-wide mapping of archaeal transcription factors with ChIP-seq

Deciphering the structure of gene regulatory networks across the tree of life remains one of the major challenges in postgenomic biology. We present a novel ChIP-seq workflow for the archaea using the model organism Halobacterium salinarum sp. NRC-1 and demonstrate its application for mapping the genome-wide binding sites of natively expressed transcription factors. This end-to-end pipeline is the first protocol for ChIP-seq in archaea, with methods and tools for each stage from gene tagging to data analysis and biological discovery. Genome-wide binding sites for transcription factors with many binding sites (TfbD) are identified with sensitivity, while retaining specificity in the identification the smaller regulons (bacteriorhodopsin-activator protein). Chromosomal tagging of target proteins with a compact epitope facilitates a standardized and cost-effective workflow that is compatible with high-throughput immunoprecipitation of natively expressed transcription factors. The Pique package, an open-source bioinformatics method, is presented for identification of binding events. Relative to ChIP-Chip and qPCR, this workflow offers a robust catalog of protein-DNA binding events with improved spatial resolution and significantly decreased cost. While this study focuses on the application of ChIP-seq in H. salinarum sp. NRC-1, our workflow can also be adapted for use in other archaea and bacteria with basic genetic tools.
Plasmid-Related Transmissibility and Multiple Drug Resistance in Streptococcus faecalis subsp. zymogenes Strain DS16

Streptococcus faecalis subsp. zymogenes strain DS16 was found to harbor two plasmids, designated pAD1 (35 megadaltons) and pAD2 (15 megadaltons). pAD1 is transmissible and determines a hemolysin-bacteriocin, whereas pAD2 is non-conjugative and determines resistance to erythromycin, streptomycin, and kanamycin. pAD2 could be mobilized by pAD1, but usually involved formation of a pAD1-pAD2 cointegrate.
SSC 50 mm dipole cross section

In this paper we present the magnetic design of the two dimensional coil and iron cross section, referred1, 2 to as DSX201/W6733, for the 50 mm aperture main ring dipole magnet for the Superconducting Super Collider (SSC). The computed values of the allowed field harmonics as a function of current, the quench performance predictions, the stored energy calculations, the effect of random errors on the coil placement and the Lorentz forces on the coil will be presented. The yoke has been optimized to reduce iron saturation effects on the field harmonics. We shall present the summary of this design which will include the expected overall performance of this cross section. Prototypes of these dipoles are being built at the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL) and at the Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL). There are slight differences between the cross sections at the two laboratories.
Archaeomagnetism and magnetic anomalies in the American Southwest

Magnetic surveying is probably the most widely used geophysical technique at archaeological sites (Weymouth and Huggins, 1985). It is useful for locating features in which the magnetic susceptibility contrasts with the magnetic susceptibility of the surroundings because of induced and/or remanent magnetization. A contrast in magnetic induction can arise, for example, when the disturbed soil fill inside a formerly occupied room has a different magnetic susceptibility from the subsoil outside the room (Tite and Mullins, 1971). A contrast in magnetic remanence most commonly occurs when a baked clay artifact or feature such as a hearth has acquired a thermoremanent magnetization after being heated to several hundred degrees Celsius.
Acetylsalicylic acid hydrolysis in human blood and plasma I. Methodology and in vitro studies

The in vitro hydrolysis of acetylsalicylic acid in 90 vol. per cent human blood and plasma was studied at therapeutically significant levels (below 15 mcg./ml.) by a spectrophotofluorometric method. Several new analytical aspects are presented. The discrepancies with earlier investigations are discussed.
Crosstalk identification in xDSL systems

Crosstalk among telephone lines in the same or neighboring bundles is a major impairment in current xDSL systems. This paper proposes a novel idea of an impartial third party that identifies the crosstalk coupling functions among the twisted pairs in these xDSL systems. The crosstalk identification technique includes the following four major procedures: (1) the transmitted and received signals from each DSL modem for a predefined time period are collected and sent to the third party; (2) the signals are resampled according to the clock rate of the receiver of interest; (3) the signals' timing differences are estimated by cross correlation; and (4) the crosstalk coupling functions are estimated using the least-squares method. The performance of the cross correlation and least-squares methods is analyzed to determine the amount of data needed for identification. Simulation results show that the proposed methods can identify the crosstalk functions accurately and are consistent with theoretical analysis. These identified crosstalk functions can be used to significantly improve the data rate (e.g., multiuser detection) and to facilitate provisioning, maintenance, and diagnosis of the xDSL systems.
Evaluation of drying schedules

A generalized drying program that can simulate any drying conditions has been solved on a computer. The program includes the variation of humidity, temperature, and wind velocity over drying material. These three variables can be treated as functions of time. The correlations require knowledge of several basic properties of the material to be dried and were solved for the case of one directional heat and mass flow. The computer calculated results are checked with experimental data. The effective diffusivity and the solid surface resistance to mass transfer were evaluated by data obtained in three experiments. Solutions for constant drying conditions are presented in graphical form. Variations of such variables as humidity in a drier can be estimated from these curves but the computer program is more reliable.
A Fast, Powerful Method for Detecting Identity by Descent

We present a method, fastIBD, for finding tracts of identity by descent (IBD) between pairs of individuals. FastIBD can be applied to thousands of samples across genome-wide SNP data and is significantly more powerful for finding short tracts of IBD than existing methods for finding IBD tracts in such data. We show that fastIBD can detect facets of population structure that are not revealed by other methods. In the Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium bipolar disorder case-control data, we find a genome-wide excess of IBD in case-case pairs of individuals compared to control-control pairs. We show that this excess can be explained by the geographical clustering of cases. We also show that it is possible to use fastIBD to generate highly accurate estimates of genome-wide IBD sharing between pairs of distant relatives. This is useful for estimation of relationship and for adjusting for relatedness in association studies. FastIBD is incorporated in the freely available Beagle software package.
Systolic preprocessors for linearly constrained beamforming

Systolic preprocessors for linearly constrained beamforming are developed using factorizations of the generalized sidelobe canceller. These preprocessors transform linearly constrained beamformers into unconstrained form, which permits unconstrained adaptive processors to be used for computing the beamformer output. Two preprocessors are developed for small numbers of constraints relative to the data dimension, and two for partially adaptive beamforming where the number of effective constraints is often large relative to the data dimension. All four preprocessors are applicable to arbitrary constraint sets. Tradeoffs between the various preprocessors are discussed. >
Nonlinear Relativistic Waves

When an electromagnetic wave propagating through a plasma is strong enough to drive the electrons to relativistic speeds, two nonlinear effects come into play (Akhiezer and Polovin [101], Lunow [102], Kaw and Dawson [103], Max and Perkins [104], Chian and Clemmow [105], and DeCoster [106], Kaw et al. [107]) (i) relativistic variation of the electron mass; (ii) excitation of space-charge fields by strong V × B forces driving electrons along the direction of propagation of the electromagnetic wave.
Effects of familial predisposition to obesity on energy expenditure in multiethnic prepubertal girls.

Background: The prevalence of childhood obesity is increasing and the causes of this are unknown. Objective: The objective of this study was to determine whether energy expenditure (EE), measured by 24-h calorimetry and doubly labeled water, differed in normal-weight-for-height, multiethnic prepubertal girls with or without a familial predisposition to obesity. Design: Normal-weight, prepubertal white (n = 52), African American (n = 30), and Hispanic (n = 19) girls with a mean (∠ SD) age of 8.5 ∠ 0.4 y were studied according to parental leanness and overweight or obesity. The girls were grouped according to whether they had 2 lean parents ( n = 30), 2 obese parents (n = 27), or 1 lean and 1 obese parent (n = 44). Basal metabolic rate (BMR), sleeping metabolic rate (SMR), 24-h EE, respiratory quotient, heart rate, and activity were measured by 24-h room calorimetry; free-living total EE (TEE), activity-related EE (AEE), and physical activity level were measured by doubly labeled water. EE was standardized by fat-free mass (FFM). Results: There were no significant differences among familial groups in weight, height, fat mass, FFM, or percentage body fat. African American girls had a higher FFM than did white or Hispanic girls (P < 0.05). BMR, SMR, 24-h EE, respiratory quotient, heart rate, and activity levels were not significantly different among familial groups. Additionally, there were no significant familial group differences in TEE, AEE, or physical activity level. However, BMR, SMR, and TEE were lower in African American girls than in white girls ( P < 0.05). Conclusion: There was no significant difference in EE between normal-weight, multiethnic prepubertal girls predisposed to obesity and those not predisposed to obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2000;71:893‐900.
Weighted Cross-Layer Cooperative Beamforming for Wireless Networks

In wireless networks, implementing cooperative beamforming (CB) can enable long-range communications in an energy efficient manner. By appropriately weighting and forwarding message signals, the cooperating nodes form one or more beams to cooperatively transmit one or more message signals to the desired destinations. In this paper, a cross-layer CB framework recently proposed by the authors is revisited and optimal weight design is considered. For single-beam beamforming, closed-form optimal weights that maximize the received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) or signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio (SINR) under a transmit power constraint are derived. It is shown that these weights also achieve maximal spectral efficiency. For multibeam beamforming, determining the weights that maximize spectral efficiency is in general a difficult problem, and two suboptimal weight designs (co-phasing weights and nulling weights) are proposed. Co-phasing weights allow desired signals to combine coherently at destinations and require local channel state information (CSI); nulling weights completely cancel interference at destinations and require global CSI.
Functional isolation of activated and unilaterally phosphorylated heterodimers of ERBB2 and ERBB3 as scaffolds in ligand-dependent signaling

The EGFR (ERBB) family provides a model system for receptor signaling, oncogenesis, and the development of targeted therapeutics. Heterodimers of the ligand-binding–deficient ERBB2 (HER2) receptor and the kinase impaired ERBB3 (HER3) create a potent mitogenic signal, but the phosphorylation of ERBB2 in this context presents a challenge to established models of phosphorylation in trans. Higher order complexes of ERBB receptors have been observed biophysically and offer a theoretical route for ERBB2 phosphorylation, but it is not clear whether such complexes provide functionality beyond the constituent dimers. We now show that a previously selected inhibitory RNA aptamer that targets the extracellular domain (ECD) of ERBB3 acts by sterically disrupting these higher order interactions. Ligand binding, heterodimerization, phosphorylation of ERBB3, and AKT signaling are only minimally affected, whereas ERBB2 phosphorylation and MAPK signaling are selectively inhibited. The mapping of the binding site and creation of aptamer-resistant point mutants are consistent with a model of side-by-side oriented heterodimers to facilitate proxy phosphorylation, even at very low endogenous levels of receptors (below 10,000 receptors per cell). Additional modes of signaling with relevance to pathological ERBB expression states emerge at high receptor levels. Hence, higher order complexes of nonoverexpressed ERBB receptors are an integral and qualitatively distinct part of normal ERBB2/ERBB3 signaling. This mechanism of activation has implications for models of allosteric control, specificity of interactions, possible mechanisms of cross-talk, and approaches to therapeutic intervention that at present often generate experimental and clinical outcomes that do not reconcile with purely canonical, dimer-based models.
Hypernatremia in the neurologic intensive care unit: how high is too high?

Hypernatremia is associated with increased mortality in hospitalized patients and in medical/surgical intensive care units. This relationship has not been studied in neurologic/neurosurgical intensive care units (NNICUs), where hypernatremia is often a component of treatment of cerebral edema. We performed a retrospective analysis of prospectively collected data in patients admitted to the NNICU over a 6.5-year period. Hypernatremia (serum sodium >150 mEq/L) was seen in 339 patients (7.9%) and was more common (24.3%) in patients who were treated with mannitol. Hypernatremic patients had a lower median admission Glasgow Coma Scale score (8 vs 14, P 160 mEq/L) was independently associated with increased mortality. Other factors independently associated with mortality were age, mechanical ventilation, initial Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II probability of death or low admission Glasgow Coma Scale score, and a diagnosis of cerebrovascular disease. In conclusion, hypernatremia is common in the NNICU, more so in patients treated with mannitol. In this population, severe (but not mild or moderate) hypernatremia is independently associated with increased mortality.
Teaching nursing research to undergraduates: a text analysis of instructors' intentions.

Reviews of teaching strategies for undergraduate nursing research have been organized according to (a) the type of learning to be achieved, such as learning by doing, or (b) the specific teaching strategy, such as a poster session. For this text analysis, a new tack was taken to reveal the intentions of undergraduate nursing research instructors for student learning. Giorgi's (1985) descriptive phenomenological method was used to analyze 77 narrative reports of instructors about research teaching strategies. Seven intentions were identified, including desensitizing negative perceptions about research and stimulating collaborative learning about research. The intentions were contrasted in scope and relevance to frameworks organized according to learning goals or teaching techniques. The relevance of the intentions was considered in relation to critical trends influencing nursing education.
In Vitro Estimation of Iron Availability in Meals Containing Soy Products

Effects on relative nonheme iron availability of soy protein products incorporated into meals were evaluated. An in vitro method was used to estimate non heme iron availability. Incorporation of soy isolate into a semisynthetic meal reduced estimated iron availability (dialyzable iron) compared to an egg white control, but this effect was reversed by baking the soy isolate. Ascorbic acid was not as effective in increasing estimated iron availability in soy-containing meals as in an egg white control meal. When 34 individual soy products were substituted for egg white in a semisynthetic meal, iron availability ranged from 3.23 to 0.00% dialyzable iron. Iron availability appears to be inversely related to the protein content of the soy products. Soy isolates, as a group, had lower relative iron availability than the group of soy flours evaluated. The amount of soy product protein incorporated into a standard meal was negatively correlated with relative iron availability. The majority of meals containing soy products had lower estimated iron availabilities than meals that did not contain soy. J. Nutr. 112: 1696-1705, 1982.
Genetic Structure, Lack of Introgression, and Taxonomic Status in the Celtis laevigata—C. reticulata Complex (Cannabaceae)

The North American species of Celtis have been believed on anecdotal grounds to hybridize commonly in nature, and an understanding of the nature and frequency of natural hybridization among species of Celtis is necessary for understanding phylogenetic relationships within the genus. Extensive natural introgression has been strongly suspected between two species with ranges that overlap broadly in Texas, Celtis laevigata and C. reticulata. Statistical study of morphological and AFLP data was undertaken to test the extent and genetic consequences of natural hybridization between them. Results indicate that there is little or no natural hybridization between these species, contradicting past conclusions. The variability and apparent intergradation between the species that led to the hypothesis of introgression are apparently due to high levels of shared ancestral polymorphism at many loci, and exceptionally high levels of position-associated variation in leaf morphology within individual trees.
PHYLOGENY OF FOSSIL AND EXTANT FRESHWATER CRAYFISH AND SOME CLOSELY RELATED NEPHROPID LOBSTERS

The phylogeny of freshwater crayfish is assessed using a morphological analysis of fossil and extant taxa. Based on external morphological characters, primarily characters of the carapace and appendages, the crayfish comprise a monophyletic group (Astacida). The sister taxon to the crayfish is the Chilenophoberidae, a clade of extinct marine lobsters. Synapomorphies of the freshwater crayfish include a distinctive carapace groove pattern and mobility of the last thoracic segment. Within the Astacida, three smaller clades, considered to be family-level groups, are identified and redefined. All parastacid genera except Gramastacus comprise a monophyletic clade. Species in the Cambaridae are characterized by an apomorphous annulus ventralis in the female, and hooks on the ichiopodites on the third pereiopod in the male. Species in the Astacidae are characterized by randomly arranged tubercules on the medial portion of dactyl. The monophyly of the Astacoidea (Cambaridae plus Astacidae) is also supported. The familial affinity of Cambaroides is questioned, and this genus is tentatively reassigned from the Cambaridae to the Astacidae.
Mechanisms of Stress-Dependent Neuroinflammation and Their Implications for Understanding Consequences of Alcohol Exposure

There is a rich history of studies examining the impact of acute and chronic stress challenges—and the hormonal responses they evoke—on immunological function. Such studies generally fall within the realm of stress-induced immunomodulation and involve exposure of test subjects to various stress challenges in some combination with exposure to an antigen (e.g., lipopolysaccharide; LPS), a replicating pathogen (bacteria, viruses, etc.), or direct wound infliction. The net outcome in these types of studies is that the influence of the stressful experience on recovery from infection ultimately depends upon a variety of factors, including the timing of stress exposure relative to antigen/pathogen infection, specific features/parameters of the stress challenge, and the nature of the infection to which the organism has been exposed. In a now classic series of experiments, for example, Dhabhar and McEwen [1] demonstrated that exposure to acute stress facilitated some aspects of immune function, while chronic stress suppressed these same responses. Indeed, the ability of acute stress to prime certain features of the immune response and facilitate recovery from immune challenge is now well precedented [2–9]. Furthermore, it seems that stress procedures tend to increase and/or accelerate immune cell activity and cytokine expression even in the absence of antigen/pathogen exposure, therefore likely driving some of these effects. It is these more subtle, difficult to detect changes in cytokines and inflammation—evoked by the stress challenge itself—that will first be discussed in this chapter.
Time-of-day preference mediates the relationship between personality and breakfast attitudes ☆ ☆☆

Abstract Personality and time-of-day preference (i.e., chronotype) are two reliable predictors of breakfast behaviors. The current study examined if time-of-day preference mediates the relation between the Big Five personality traits and breakfast-related attitudes and behaviors. Results revealed that conscientiousness, extraversion, and agreeableness predicted healthy breakfast attitudes and behaviors, whereas neuroticism predicted unhealthy breakfast attitudes and behaviors. Importantly, time-of-day preference mediated most of these relationships (except for the agreeableness models). Even when the direct effect of personality on breakfast attitudes and behaviors was not significant, all of the indirect effects through time-of-day preference were significant. Together, these findings indicate that personality differences in breakfast attitudes and behaviors are accounted for by time-of-day preference. These findings also suggest that future work should examine more integrative models of eating behavior to better understand how various individual differences relate to specific attitudes and behaviors.
Critical individuals in dynamic population networks

Diffusion of contaminants, diseases, rumors, fads, and many other dynamic processes typically take place through a network of interacting entities. One fundamental question in the context of diffusion, particularly in social networks is: which entities in a network are critical for a given diffusion process? For instance, these critical entities could be individuals to whom free products should be given in a network so that the adoption of the product is maximized. Or, individuals in a population who should be vaccinated so that the spread of a virus or a contaminant is minimized. Or, leaders in a network that are critical for initiating a mass movement. In my research, I address the question of finding critical individuals for diffusion in networks in the context of network theory, graph mining, machine learning, and social network analysis. My research focuses on two complimentary optimization goals: maximization and minimization of the extent of the resulting extent of diffusion. For diffusion maximization, I analyze: 1. the hardness of diffusion maximization in dynamic networks; 2. the impact of structural changes in prediction of diffusion in networks; 3. the global structural indicators for measuring the effectiveness of various diffusion maximization methods in both static and dynamic networks. For diffusion minimization, I develop simple, practical, and locally computable heuristics for identifying critical nodes in dynamic networks. In this work, I study explicitly dynamic or time evolving networks instead of traditional static or aggregate representation of networks. Lastly, for rigorous analysis of the stochastic diffusion optimization problem, realistic network generative models are very crucial. I present a truly dynamic statistical generative network model that captures membership, formation, and fluidity of community membership and the resulting structure of interactions.
Does Reducing Cochlear Dose Through Beam Sector Blocking Improve Hearing Preservation Following Vestibular Schwannoma Radiosurgery

Results: For the entire cohort, the 5-year local control (LC) was 69.6% (95% CI 50e89.2%), and overall survival (OS) was 81.4% (95% CI 65.3e97.5%). All tumor failures were in-field and no distant metastases have yet been observed. In multivariate analysis, LC was significantly associated with prescribed RT dose (HR 0.78 per Gy, pZ0.022) and GTV at RT (HR 1.03 per cm, pZ0.018), while OS was significantly associated with D1cm (HR 0.89 per Gy, pZ0.038). Comparing radiation plans by cohort, the median D1cm in patients experiencing failure was 66.75 Gy (RBE) compared to a median of 76.25 Gy (RBE) in those remaining controlled (pZ0.017). Among the 14 patients with a D1cm 67 Gy (RBE) had a median follow-up of 43 months. The 5-year LC in this subset was 81.1% (95% CI 61.7e100%) (pZ0.004 overall comparison by GTV 67 Gy (RBE)). To improve outcomes, multidisciplinary efforts should focus on optimizing tumor resection to facilitate adequate GTV coverage. Author Disclosure: M.W. McDonald: None. O.R. Linton: Research Grant; Jesse N. Jones, III Memorial Fund.
U-spin conservation tests for electromagnetic interactions using colliding beams

Methods are outlined for generalU-spin predictions of hadron production in colliding lepton-antilepton beam experiments. Shmuskevich's principle andGU-parity are employed.
Mechanism of tissue factor activation on cells

The activation of tissue factor (TF) procoagulant activity (PCA) on the surface of cells may be the first step in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. The latent TF PCA on intact cells is expressed following mechanical disruption or exposure to ionomycin, a Ca2+ ionophore. Within seconds of ionophore addition, an increase in TF PCA of more than 100-fold is observed. The ionophore effect is blocked by pretreating the cells with calmodulin inhibitors. Complexes of TF and activated factor VII (FVIIa) form on both untreated and ionophore-treated cells. However, pseudosubstrate inhibitors bind only to TF-FVIIa on ionophore-treated cells. When proteins on unperturbed cells are crosslinked with 3-3'-dithiobis(sulphosuccinimidylpropionate), crosslinked homodimeric TF is produced. This TF crosslinking is prevented by first treating the cells with ionomycin. Thus, there is an apparent change in TF quaternary structure that is coincident with the ionophore-induced change in TF PCA. These results suggest a simple mechanism for the activation of TF PCA on cells which is triggered by Ca2+ influx into the cytosol. A Ca2+-binding protein, possibly calmodulin, appears to be an essential link in the signal transduction pathway going from increased cytosolic Ca2+ to increased expression of TF PCA on the cell surface. This activation of TF PCA may result from exposure of an essential macromolecular-substrate-binding site on the TF-FVIIa complex that is the direct result of a change in TF quaternary structure, i.e. the conversion of cryptic TF dimers to procoagulant TF monomers.
Preparation of suspensions of small bowel mucosal epithelial cells

Abstract The application of controlled mechanical stress to the intestinal mucosa, in the form of low-amplitude, high-frequency vibration, is a simple, rapid method of obtaining a suspension of intact viable epithelial cells. This technique has the advantage of yielding relatively large volumes of these cells without the use of enzymes or chelating substances. Controlled study of the uptake and/or later release of various labeled substances by these cells should broaden our understanding of the physiology of intestinal absorptive function.
Causality Analysis of Inertial Body Sensors for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnostic Enhancement

Inertial body sensors have emerged in recent years as an effective tool for evaluating mobility impairment resulting from various diseases, disorders, and injuries. For example, body sensors have been used in 6-min walk (6 MW) tests for multiple sclerosis (MS) patients to identify gait features useful in the study, diagnosis, and tracking of the disease. However, most studies to date have focused on features localized to the lower or upper extremities and do not provide a holistic assessment of mobility. This paper presents a causality analysis method focused on the coordination between extremities to identify subtle whole-body mobility impairment that may aid disease diagnosis. This method was developed for and utilized in an MS pilot study with 41 subjects (28 persons with MS (PwMS) and 13 healthy controls) performing 6 MW tests. Compared with existing methods, the causality analysis provided better discrimination between healthy controls and PwMS and a deeper understanding of MS disease impact on mobility.
WebRanz: web page randomization for better advertisement delivery and web-bot prevention

Nowadays, a rapidly increasing number of web users are using Ad-blockers to block online advertisements. Ad-blockers are browser-based software that can block most Ads on the websites, speeding up web browsers and saving bandwidth. Despite these benefits to end users, Ad-blockers could be catastrophic for the economic structure underlying the web, especially considering the rise of Ad-blocking as well as the number of technologies and services that rely exclusively on Ads to compensate their cost. In this paper, we introduce WebRanz that utilizes a randomization mechanism to circumvent Ad-blocking. Using WebRanz, content publishers can constantly mutate the internal HTML elements and element attributes of their web pages, without affecting their visual appearances and functionalities. Randomization invalidates the pre-defined patterns that Ad-blockers use to filter out Ads. Though the design of WebRanz is motivated by evading Ad-blockers, WebRanz also benefits the defense against bot scripts. We evaluate the effectiveness of WebRanz and its overhead using 221 randomly sampled top Alexa web pages and 8 representative bot scripts.
OncotypeDx genomic scores independent of disease volume in men with favorable-risk prostate cancer.

93Background: To determine if disease volume at biopsy correlates with GPS among men with favorable risk prostate cancer. Methods: All men with NCCN very low (VLR) and low risk (LR) and GPS from 20...
Using microsecond single-molecule FRET to determine the assembly pathways of T4 ssDNA binding protein onto model DNA replication forks

DNA replication is a core biological process that occurs in prokaryotic cells at high speeds (∼1 nucleotide residue added per millisecond) and with high fidelity (fewer than one misincorporation event per 107 nucleotide additions). The ssDNA binding protein [gene product 32 (gp32)] of the T4 bacteriophage is a central integrating component of the replication complex that must continuously bind to and unbind from transiently exposed template strands during DNA synthesis. We here report microsecond single-molecule FRET (smFRET) measurements on Cy3/Cy5-labeled primer-template (p/t) DNA constructs in the presence of gp32. These measurements probe the distance between Cy3/Cy5 fluorophores that label the ends of a short (15-nt) segment of ssDNA attached to a model p/t DNA construct and permit us to track the stochastic interconversion between various protein bound and unbound states. The length of the 15-nt ssDNA lattice is sufficient to accommodate up to two cooperatively bound gp32 proteins in either of two positions. We apply a unique multipoint time correlation function analysis to the microsecond-resolved smFRET data obtained to determine and compare the kinetics of various possible reaction pathways for the assembly of cooperatively bound gp32 protein onto ssDNA sequences located at the replication fork. The results of our analysis reveal the presence and translocation mechanisms of short-lived intermediate bound states that are likely to play a critical role in the assembly mechanisms of ssDNA binding proteins at replication forks and other ss duplex junctions.
State capacity and the resilience of electoral authoritarianism: Conceptualizing and measuring the institutional underpinnings of autocratic power:

This article discusses three main challenges to gaining a better understanding of whether state capacity contributes to the resilience of electoral authoritarian regimes. First, the concept of stat...
Care of Special Populations in an Observation Unit: Pediatrics and Geriatrics

Infants and children and the elderly comprise a large and growing (especially the elderly) segment of the US population. The benefits of observation medicine have been documented in these two age groups: Based on the success of observation medicine, and recognizing the growth of these special populations, it is likely that observation medicine will be expanding in the future, especially within the pediatric and geriatric populations. Future studies should be able to provide further evidence regarding the value of observation medicine in these two diverse population age groups.
Efficacy of sodium bicarbonate buffered versus non-buffered lidocaine with epinephrine in inferior alveolar nerve block: A meta-analysis.

Introduction This systematic review evaluated the use of buffered versus non-buffered lidocaine to increase the efficacy of inferior alveolar nerve block (IANB). Materials and Methods Randomized, double-blinded studies from PubMed, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, Embase, and ProQuest were identified. Two of the authors assessed the studies for risk of bias. Outcomes included onset time, injection pain on a visual analog scale (VAS), percentage of painless injections, and anesthetic success rate of IANB. Results The search strategy yielded 19 references. Eleven could be included in meta-analyses. Risk of bias was unclear in ten and high in one study. Buffered lidocaine showed 48 seconds faster onset time (95% confidence interval [CI], -42.06 to -54.40; P < 0.001) and 5.0 units lower (on a scale 0-100) VAS injection pain (95% CI, -9.13 to -0.77; P=0.02) than non-buffered. No significant difference was found on percentage of people with painless injection (P = 0.059), nor success rate (P = 0.290). Conclusion Buffered lidocaine significantly decreased onset time and injection pain (VAS) compared with non-buffered lidocaine in IANB. However due to statistical heterogeneity and low sample size, quality of the evidence was low to moderate, additional studies with larger numbers of participants and low risk of bias are needed to confirm these results.
Homopolymer Structure and Behavior

Polymer blends and composites display a broad gamut of behavior, ranging from toughened elastomers through impact-resistant plastics to fiber-reinforced thermosets and polymer-impregnated concrete. Such materials are of practical importance because their unique two-phased structure often allows for nonlinear and synergistic behavior. In this monograph, polymer blends are defined as combinations of two kinds of polymers, and composites are defined as systems containing polymeric and nonpolymeric materials.
The Textuality of Human Rights: Founding Narratives of Human Personality

As one of the primary rationales enabling contemporary international human rights law, "human personality" replaces both the absolutist organicism of natural law and the possessive and positivist individualism of liberal economic materialism; but the act of substitution effectively cleaves "human personality," causing it to serve simultaneously as the foundation and aim of human rights. Thus "human personality," as the 1948 Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) has it, is both antecedent to human rights and is also (con)sequent to human rights, establishing a sort of tautological construction in which the "human personality" to be achieved through the codification and observance of human rights must be posited as prior to human rights, as an innate and inhering feature of pre-juridical human personality. As articulated, human rights aspire to enable a developmental sequence that follows a posited originary human personality through a teleology that will arrive at some expressive civil manifestation of this personality. This teleology-in-tautology of human rights re-naturalizes human personality by describing it narratively as a structure of human development in which the human personality achieves its fullest expression through its emergence as a (self-) narrating international citizen-subject, a narrative vision of the human that the law shares with the traditional literary generic conventions of the Bildungsroman (the story of the "socialization" of the individual). Rather, then, than institutionalizing a static, singular subject, human rights animate the contemporary human rights subject as an aspirational project and a narrative process by which the individual is to be incorporated internationally through the regulation of the enfolding of the citizen-subject as a juridical person who will narrate such enfolding as the unfolding of innate and inhering human qualities, as a narrative act of volition.
Exploratory study on the international medical graduate-patient relationship: patient's perceptions of the quality of care delivered by his or her non-native doctor.

OBJECTIVE: This study examined the influence of social distance upon the patients' perceptions of the quality of care delivered by their non-native international medical graduates (NNIMGs) in an inner-city primary care residency program. Within the inner city, there is a growing trend of NNIMGs providing health care services, thereby creating a situation of maximal social distance with respect to nativity, race, and socioeconomic status. DESIGN: Two female NNIMG residents, one from India and one from China, were the focus of ten hour-long in-depth interviews with patients who participated in this exploratory qualitative research. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: Structural supports, communication processes, and status equalization effects emerged as three self-reported influences on the assessment of care that were particular to their physician's NNIMG status. The physician's NNIMG status seemed to exert a status equalization effect that reduced social distance and subsequently increased the perception of the quality of care. Ethn Dis . 2012 Winter;22(1):79-84.
PRACTICING PPE: THE CASE OF ADAM SMITH

Adam Smith has long been celebrated as a polymath, and his wide interests in and contributions to each of the discrete component fields of PPE have long been appreciated. Yet Smith deserves the attention of practitioners of PPE today not simply for his substantive insights, but for the ways in which his inquiries into these different fields were connected. Smith’s inquiry was distinguished by a synthetic approach to knowledge generation, and specifically to generating knowledge with applications exportable to other fields. Further, Smith’s investigations of various areas of study led him to recognize patterns in and across these fields, and his sensitivity to such patterns helped guide his inquiry and render it a connected enterprise. This paper examines several of Smith’s discrete inquiries in the history of astronomy, language, moral philosophy, and political economy, to show how he employed the techniques of pattern detection that he practiced in each of these inquiries to the task of generating new insights into new fields of inquiry. In so doing, Smith not only distinguished himself as an early practitioner of what we today identify with PPE, but he also provides a useful point of reference for those doing PPE today.
Generalized fractional integral inequalities by means of quasiconvexity

Using the newly introduced fractional integral operators in (Fasc. Math. 20(4):5-27, 2016) and (East Asian Math. J. 21(2):191-203, 2005), we establish some novel inequalities of the Hermite–Hadamard type for functions whose second derivatives in absolute value are η-quasiconvex. Results obtained herein give a broader generalization to some existing results in the literature by choosing appropriate values of the parameters under consideration. We apply our results to some special means such as the arithmetic, geometric, harmonic, logarithmic, generalized logarithmic, and identric means to obtain more results in this direction.
Accelerating 2D NMR relaxation dispersion experiments using iterated maps

NMR relaxation dispersion experiments play a central role in exploring molecular motion over an important range of timescales, and are an example of a broader class of multidimensional NMR experiments that probe important biomolecules. However, resolving the spectral features of these experiments using the Fourier transform requires sampling the full Nyquist grid of data, making these experiments very costly in time. Practitioners often reduce the experiment time by omitting 1D experiments in the indirectly observed dimensions, and reconstructing the spectra using one of a variety of post-processing algorithms. In prior work, we described a fast, Fourier-based reconstruction method using iterated maps according to the Difference Map algorithm of Veit Elser (DiffMap). Here we describe coDiffMap, a new reconstruction method that is based on DiffMap, but which exploits the strong correlations between 2D data slices in a pseudo-3D experiment. We apply coDiffMap to reconstruct dispersion curves from an [Formula: see text] relaxation dispersion experiment, and demonstrate that the method provides fast reconstructions and accurate relaxation curves down to very low numbers of sparsely-sampled data points.
Abstract 737: N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor (NSF) is Essential in Necrotic Cell Death

Necrotic cell death is the main way in which cells die during myocardial infarction (MI) and heart failure (HF), yet the molecular mechanisms regulating necrotic cell death are poorly defined. To e...
Uncertainty and Disturbance Estimator-Based Global Trajectory Tracking Control for a Quadrotor

This article presents an uncertainty and disturbance estimator (UDE) based global trajectory tracking control strategy for a quadrotor. The main contribution of this article is the fusion of the UDE technique with the unit quaternion to achieve the robust global full degrees of freedom trajectory tracking control with experimental demonstrations. The novelty of this article lies in the development of the UDE-based global tracking technique to the overall system (attitude and position) with a quaternion-based nonlinear reference model. The UDE-based attitude and position controllers are derived from the unit quaternion-based quadrotor dynamics with a cascade control structure to deal with underactuation, model uncertainties, and external disturbances. The attitude controllers that are developed with the backstepping techniques avoid the rotation matrix calculation and the unwinding problem. The position controllers are derived using the thrust-vectoring approach. A nonlinear unit quaternion-based reference model is developed to achieve the time-scale separation for the cascade control loops. The stability analysis of the closed-loop system is conducted with the Lyapunov method. Extensive flight experiments are conducted to demonstrate the global singularity-free tracking property and the superior robustness of the proposed controller.
Bilateral leukemic infiltration of the lacrimal sac in a child

An 8-year-old boy with a history of refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia presented with left-sided periorbital erythema and painless enlargement of the lacrimal sac. MRI revealed a soft tissue mass on the floor of the left orbit, extending into the nasolacrimal sac and duct. Lacrimal sac biopsy was consistent with B-lymphoblastic leukemia. The patient was treated with chemotherapy and radiation with satisfactory remission of local disease. However, similar symptoms emerged shortly after on the contralateral side, and repeat MRI was concerning for new leukemic infiltration of the right lacrimal sac. Bone marrow biopsy revealed concurrent medullary relapse. Systemic chemotherapy was adjusted and radiation therapy of the right orbit was initiated. This is the first reported pediatric case of bilateral leukemic involvement of the lacrimal sac.
Optimization-based, property-preserving finite element methods for scalar advection equations and their connection to Algebraic Flux Correction

Abstract This paper continues our efforts to exploit optimization and control ideas as a common foundation for the development of property-preserving numerical methods. Here we focus on a class of scalar advection equations whose solutions have fixed mass in a given Eulerian region and constant bounds in any Lagrangian volume. Our approach separates discretization of the equations from the preservation of their solution properties by treating the latter as optimization constraints. This relieves the discretization process from having to comply with additional restrictions and makes stability and accuracy the sole considerations in its design. A property-preserving solution is then sought as a state that minimizes the distance to an optimally accurate but not property-preserving target solution computed by the scheme, subject to constraints enforcing discrete proxies of the desired properties. We consider two such formulations in which the optimization variables are given by the nodal solution values and suitably defined nodal fluxes, respectively. A key result of the paper reveals that a standard Algebraic Flux Correction (AFC) scheme is a modified version of the second formulation obtained by shrinking its feasible set to a hypercube. We conclude with numerical studies illustrating the optimization-based formulations and comparing them with AFC.
Surprisingly Low Levels of Measles Immunity in Persons With HIV: A Seroprevalence Survey in a United States HIV Clinic.

Background Measles outbreaks have become increasingly common due to deteriorating vaccination rates, fluctuating herd immunity, and varying antibody decline. Limited knowledge exists regarding prevalence and risk factors associated with measles seronegativity among persons with HIV (PWH). Methods This was a cross-sectional study conducted at an academic HIV clinic in Omaha, Nebraska. Participants were screened for the presence of measles IgG antibody. Demographic and clinical information was obtained through electronic medical record review. Simple and multivariable logistic regressions were performed to identify risk factors for measles seronegativity. Results Three hundred fifty-one participants were enrolled, with a measles seroprevalence rate of 70.3%. The mean age (range) was 48 (20-74) years, 77% were male, and 53% were Caucasian. The mean CD4 nadir (range) was 334 (1-1675) cells/mm3. At the time of testing, 86% and 87% of the seronegative and seropositive participants had an HIV RNA <50 copies/mL, respectively. Younger age was significantly associated with measles seronegativity (P = .003), as was birth year after 1957 (P = .021). Prior history of measles infection was associated with seropositivity (P = .011). All other risk factors evaluated, including written documentation of adequate vaccination, were not associated with seronegativity. Conclusions Our study demonstrates a measles seroprevalence rate that is remarkably lower than previously reported in PWH (92%), and, more importantly, is considerably lower than the rate needed to maintain herd immunity (95%). With higher than expected seronegativity and absence of notable risk factors aside from age, our findings support expanded measles immunity screening for PWH who are at risk of measles exposure.