cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indications for Surgical Management of Hyperparathyroidism: A Review.

Importance Primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) is a common clinical entity, with approximately 100 000 new cases diagnosed each year in the United States. Most patients with pHPT have a relatively mild form of the disease and present with few if any overt signs or symptoms. This has led to a dilemma regarding which patients should be considered for parathyroid surgery. In this article, we review the established literature on the indications for surgery in asymptomatic pHPT and discuss the most recent consensus conference guidelines. Observations The reviewed literature suggests that there were improved outcomes among patients with asymptomatic pHPT who underwent curative surgery. Conclusions and Relevance Most patients with pHPT should be considered for parathyroidectomy. More randomized clinical trials are needed to strongly support a surgical recommendation for all asymptomatic patients with pHPT.
Speed Limit for Triplet-Exciton Transfer in Solid-State PbS Nanocrystal-Sensitized Photon Upconversion.

Hybrid interfaces combining inorganic and organic materials underpin the operation of many optoelectronic and photocatalytic systems and allow for innovative approaches to photon up- and down-conversion. However, the mechanism of exchange-mediated energy transfer of spin-triplet excitons across these interfaces remains obscure, particularly when both the macroscopic donor and acceptor are composed of many separately interacting nanoscopic moieties. Here, we study the transfer of excitons from colloidal lead sulfide (PbS) nanocrystals to the spin-triplet state of rubrene molecules. By reducing the length of the carboxylic acid ligands on the nanocrystal surface from 18 to 4 carbon atoms, thinning the effective ligand shell from 13 to 6 A, we are able to increase the characteristic transfer rate by an order of magnitude. However, we observe that the energy transfer rate asymptotes for shorter separation distances (≤10 A) which we attribute to the reduced Dexter coupling brought on by the increased effective...
Gait Deviations in Children With Osteogenesis Imperfecta Type I.

Background:Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) is a congenital connective tissue disorder often characterized by orthopaedic complications that impact normal gait. As such, mobility is of particular interest in the OI population as it is associated with multiple aspects of participation and quality of life
A New In Vitro Bioassay System for the Discovery and Quantitative Evaluation of Mosquito Repellents.

Mosquitoes vector many pathogens that cause human diseases. Repellents play a significant role in reducing the risk of these diseases by preventing mosquito bites. In this paper, we are reporting an Ali and Khan (A & K), large cage in vitro bioassay system that can effectively be used to measure repellency of compounds against mosquitoes. The system uses temperature as a landing and feeding stimulus, and collagen as a feeding substrate. The minimum effective dose (MED) of DEET (N, N-diethyl-meta-toluamide; 19.3 µg/cm2) against Aedes aegypti (L.) in a 30-cm2 treatment area from the A & K bioassay falls in the upper range of the in vivo, cloth patch bioassay (6-23 µg/cm2). Undecanoic acid and geranic acid, with MED values of 3.6 and 7.5 µg/cm2, respectively, in the A & K bioassay were active at 5.5-6.6 times lower dose than that in the in vivo bioassay. Thymol and methyl eugenol with MED values of 11.1 and 10.9 µg/cm2, respectively, were active at 3-4 times lower dose than that in the in vivo bioassay, whereas (-)-trans-p-Menthane-3,8 diol with MED value of 32.3 µg/cm2 was active at 1.3 times lower dose. Comparisons between 12-cm2 and 30-cm2 treatment areas, with similar concentration per unit area in the A & K bioassay, indicated that the MED values at 30 cm2 were 1-2 times higher. In addition to its use to identify the repellent properties of new products, the A & K bioassay can generate useful data on promising repellents to make in vivo testing and field evaluation decisions.
Disease-Causing Mutations in the G Protein Gαs Subvert the Roles of GDP and GTP

The single most frequent cancer-causing mutation across all heterotrimeric G proteins is R201C in Gαs. The current model explaining the gain-of-function activity of the R201 mutations is through the loss of GTPase activity and resulting inability to switch off to the GDP state. Here, we find that the R201C mutation can bypass the need for GTP binding by directly activating GDP-bound Gαs through stabilization of an intramolecular hydrogen bond network. Having found that a gain-of-function mutation can convert GDP into an activator, we postulated that a reciprocal mutation might disrupt the normal role of GTP. Indeed, we found R228C, a loss-of-function mutation in Gαs that causes pseudohypoparathyroidism type 1a (PHP-Ia), compromised the adenylyl cyclase-activating activity of Gαs bound to a non-hydrolyzable GTP analog. These findings show that disease-causing mutations in Gαs can subvert the canonical roles of GDP and GTP, providing new insights into the regulation mechanism of G proteins.
The Politics of Nation-Building: The International Politics of Assimilation, Accommodation, and Exclusion

Three hundred years ago, the existence of a state did not necessarily presuppose any national sentiments among the population. Other forms for legitimizing authority – cultivating the belief that the governing institutions have the right to rule – were prevalent around the world. States existed long before the age of nationalism, but only during the past two hundred years has the cultivation of nationalistic sentiments become an important part of an increasing number of political leaders’ repertoire for establishing order and securing sovereignty within their borders. Since the rise of nationalism as an organizing principle of political communities, national sentiments have countered dissent (including the evasion of conscription), enhanced the taxing abilities of states, fostered compliance with the laws, and prevented separatist movements. However, these same nationalist sentiments have also led to inter- and intrastate conflict, the deaths of many civilians, population displacements, and even genocide. Legitimate authority in modern national states is connected to popular rule, to majorities. Nation-building is the process through which these majorities are constructed. In this context, foreign powers that want to destabilize a state attempt to undermine its legitimacy by encouraging and nurturing linguistic, ethnic, or religious differences and regional identities within its borders. Thus, governing elites see benefit in harmonizing the political and the national units through the construction and propagation of a common national identity among the population of their state. Now, how do ruling political elites decide who to assimilate, who to accommodate, and who does not belong in their state?
The Solution of a Nested Nonsmooth Optimization Problem

This paper reports on the successful solution of a nonsmooth version of a practical optimization problem using a recently developed algorithm for single variable constrained minimization. The problem is a single resource allocation problem with five bounded decision variables. The algorithm is used in a nested manner on a dual (minimax) formulation of the problem, i.e., a single variable dual (outer) problem is solved where each function evaluation involves solving a five variable Lagrangian (inner) problem that separates into five independent single variable problems.
Measuring Child Labor: Implications for Policy and Program Design

Generally, children of different ages perform work of different types, for different reasons and under different conditions. Work, such as prostitution, debt bondage, and drug trafficking, can be extremely hazardous to the health and well-being of children. Other types of children's work may come at the expense of school attendance and performance. And still other forms of work, under the right conditions and circumstances, can be a positive factor in providing youth with the skills, financial stability, and resources to become self-supportive and positive contributors to their country's economy. The International Labour Organization's Conventions No. 138 (minimum age) and 182 (worst forms) are the most authoritative and comprehensive international labor standards related to children's work and child labor. The current paper discusses common definitions of child labor and the difficulties in translating these ILO labor standards into statistical definitions of children's work, child labor, and hazardous child labor. We also describe the availability and the strengths and weakness of existing data (ILO SIMPOC, World Bank's LSMS, UNICEF's MICS surveys, and other sources) for measuring children's economic activity, child labor and the worst forms of child labor. Finally the paper discusses key indicators that describe the present child labor situation at the national level and indicators of progress towards the elimination of child labor.
An evaluation of ruminally degradable intake protein and metabolizable amino acid requirements of feedlot calves.

Ruminally degradable intake protein (DIP) and metabolizable indispensable amino acid (MIAA) requirements of feedlot steers were evaluated. Dietary treatments consisted of isocaloric 80% concentrate steam-flaked corn-based diets containing either .8% urea, 1.5% fish meal (FM), 3.0% FM, 4.5% FM, or 4.5% soybean meal (SBM). Treatment effects on characteristics of ruminal and total tract digestion were evaluated using four Holstein steers (249 kg) with cannulas in the rumen and proximal duodenum. Ruminal digestibility of OM (RDOM; P .10) on DOM. As the level of FM was increased, MIAA increased linearly (P .10) for urea- and SBM-supplemented diets. Treatment effects on 56-d growth performance were evaluated using 100 medium-framed crossbred steers (231 kg). Daily weight gain (linear effect; P < .01), DM intake (linear effect; P < .10), feed efficiency (linear effect; P < .05), and diet NE (linear effect; P < .05) increased with level of FM supplementation. Daily weight gain (P < .10) and DM intake (P < .05) were greater for urea- than for SBM-supplemented diets. Using bovine tissue as the reference protein, the biological value (based on chemical score) of the intestinal chyme protein averaged 73%; methionine was first-limiting. There was a close association (R2 = .99) between methionine supply to the small intestine and observed/expected dietary NE. The metabolizable methionine requirement (MMETR, g/d) of medium-framed feedlot steers can be reliably predicted from measures of BW and ADG (MMETR = 1.565 + .0234ADG[268 - (29.4 x .0557BW(.75)ADG(1.097))/ADG] + .0896BW(.75)). There was a very close association (R2 = .89) between DIP and MNF (MNF = 13.7DIP - .66DIP(2) + 25.9). At maximal observed synthesis, DIP accounted for 76% of the MNF. A minimum of 100 g DIP/kg of total tract digestible OM was required to maximize RDOM and MNF.
A Novel Deep Learning Method for Red Lesions Detection Using Hybrid Feature

Red lesions detection is the key to controlling disease progression in Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) early stages. In this paper we propose a novel method for red lesions detection based on hybrid features, which consist of deep learned features extracted via an improved LeNet architecture and hand-crafted features. A class balanced cross-entropy loss in full connected layer of the modified LeNet network is used to reduce the interference from the unbalanced data types on learning features. Blood vessels segmentation based on the U-net Convolutional Network is applied to deal with the lesion candidates overlapping with vessels in the process of hand-crafted features extraction. Such ensemble vector of descriptors is used afterwards to identify true lesion candidates using a Random Forest classifier. The approach was evaluated based on the public dataset-DIARETDB1.
Heavy metal contents and enzymatic activity in soils exposed to the impact of road traffic.

The aim of the research was to evaluate the influence of car traffic on the content of selected heavy metals in soil from a park area, and to define the dependency between their content and enzyme activity. Soil samples were collected from 13 points located along a communication route, each 100 m from the next and 50 m from the border of the road. Soil material was obtained from two depths (0–20 cm and 20–40 cm) and analysed for: pH in H2O and in KCl, OC, and texture by laser method. Total content of heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu, Ni), available phosphorus and the activity of selected enzymes: catalase, dehydrogenase, acidic and alkaline phosphatase were all determined. The examined soils have the texture of loamy sands or sands (USDA 2012), slightly acidic or neutral pH, Organic Carbon (OC) content in the range from 3.50 to 13.80 g kg−1. The total contents of elements in surface horizons were, in order of decreasing concentrations: Pb>Zn>Cu>Ni>Cd, although in subsurface horizons it was Zn>Pb>Cu>Ni>Cd. Contamination Factor (CF) determined for Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, Cu reaches higher values in samples from subsurface horizons, which confirms the influence of car traffic on the content of heavy metals in the surrounding soils. The calculated CF shows contamination is moderate for Ni, Cd, Zn and Cu and high for Pb and Cu. The investigated soils may be classified as class IV (low) in terms of available phosphorus. The activity of the examined enzymes was higher in soil samples collected from the 0–20 cm layer than from 20–40 cm. The correlation analysis indicates a significant positive dependency between OC content in soils and enzymatic activity. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was also performed. Two principal components PC1 and PC2 account for 66.57% of the variability.
Hot-spot thermal management by phase change materials enhanced by spatially graded metal meshes

Abstract Graded mesh inserts that spatially enhance the thermal conductivity of phase change materials (PCM) are optimized to minimize the time averaged thermal resistance between the heat source and the melt-front, to improve heat dissipation rates for electronics. Conventionally, the low thermal conductivities of PCM are enhanced by incorporating spatially-homogeneous porous fillers with high thermal conductivities. We investigate the relative advantages of porous fillers that spatially distribute enhancements to thermal conductivity. An arbitrary polynomial form of the spatial variation is optimized based on a numerical solution to the heat diffusion equation, to enhance heat dissipation rates in one-dimensional spherical and cylindrical coordinates. The most desirable spatial distributions are non-linear, have higher thermal conductivity near to the hot-spot, and a positive second derivative with respect to the radial coordinate (i.e. concave-up). We demonstrate enhancements of heat dissipation rates for constant temperature hot-spots, or reductions in temperature for constant power hot-spots, by factors of 900% and 300% in spherical and cylindrical coordinates, relative to those achieved by uniform fillers of equivalent average volume fractions. Recent advances in additive manufacturing make metal meshes with spatially graded volume fraction realizable.
“I Have to Social Norm This”: Making Meaning of Hearing Loss from the Perspective of Adults Who Use Hearing Aids

ABSTRACTFramed by relational dialectics theory, the present study takes a critical approach to interrogating the social structures that promote and resist hearing loss and hearing aid-related stigm...
A Simple Bedside Screening Tool for Spasticity Referral.

Background and objectives Spasticity is common in long-term care facilities; however, this often-disabling condition is largely underdiagnosed in this setting and therefore left untreated. This study aimed to test the ability of a three-question flowchart used at the bedside by primary care providers in the long-term care setting to identify residents in need of referral to a specialist for spasticity consultation. Methods All residents of a single long-term care facility were approached for participation in this cross-sectional, observational study. Spasticity diagnostic evaluations by a movement disorders specialist neurologist (reference standard) were compared with referral determinations made by two primary care providers [a primary care physician (PCP) and a nurse practitioner (NP)] using the simple flowchart. Results The analysis included 49 residents (80% male, age 78.2±9.0 years) who were evaluated by the reference standard neurologist and at least one primary care provider. The bedside referral tool demonstrated high sensitivity and moderate specificity when used by the PCP (92% and 78%, respectively; AUC=0.84) and NP (80% and 53%, respectively; AUC=0.67). Conclusion This simple tool may be useful for primary care providers to identify residents to be referred to a specialist for evaluation and treatment of spasticity. These results warrant further investigation of the potential utility of this screening tool across multiple long-term care facilities and various types of care providers.
A Case Report on Paget-Schroetter Syndrome Presenting as Acute Localized Rhabdomyolysis

Author(s): Lee, Jonathan B.; Kurzweil, Ami; Lahham, Shadi | Abstract: Introduction: The life- or limb-threatening differential diagnosis for upper extremity swelling can include deep vein thrombosis (DVT), infectious processes, and compartment syndrome. Chronic anatomic abnormalities such as axillary vein stenosis are rarely a consideration in the emergency department.Case Report: We present a 26-year-old female with history of Chiari type 1 malformation who presented with acute left arm swelling. Initial workup, including point-of-care ultrasound, revealed the presence of significant soft tissue swelling without evidence of DVT.Conclusion: Further workup revealed an early, localized rhabdomyolysis secondary to axillary vein stenosis or venous thoracic outlet syndrome, also known as Paget-Schroetter syndrome.
Production Guide for Choy Sum—An Emerging Asian Vegetable in Florida

Choy sum, also known as Chinese flowering cabbage, is a leafy vegetable that has been widely cultivated in southern China for more than 1,000 years, and is currently cultivated and consumed by a growing population in the western world. This new 5-page publication of the UF/IFAS Horticultural Sciences Department, written by Yanlin Wang and Guodong Liu, provides a brief overview of choy sum and its cultivation, as well as some suggestions for how to include it in a meal.https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/hs1380
Selling Out? The Politics of Navigating Conflicts between Racial Group Interest and Self-Interest

Presenters: Ismail K. White and Cheryl Laird, The Ohio State UniversityTroy D. Allen, History, Southern University-Baton RougeThis paper seeks to explain how it is that African Americans make political decisions that involve tradeoffs between their racial group interest and their simple self-interest. In a series of experiments, we offer black subjects personal incentives to defect from the political position most favored by African Americans as a group. We then examine contextual and attitudinal factors that condition this defection. We find that while many blacks are willing accept private incentives to defect from the group norm of political behavior, social pressure — particularly social pressure from other African Americans — and an awareness of the reputational consequences of defection can effectively constrain black political behavior. The results of this series of experiments speak to the types of internal conflicts that many blacks experience every day of their lives – choosing between maximizing racial group interests and self-interest – and offer new insight into how it is that blacks as actors in American partisan politics remain so politically homogeneous.
Reproducible Challenge Model for BVDV Vaccine Efficacy Studies

In this study we provide documentation of the clinical presentation following infection with a highly virulent type 2 BVDV.
Mojo Workin': The Old African American Hoodoo System

Katrina Hazzard-Donald explores African Americans' experience and practice of the herbal, healing folk belief tradition known as Hoodoo. She examines Hoodoo culture and history by tracing its emergence from African traditions to religious practices in the Americas. Working against conventional scholarship, Hazzard-Donald argues that Hoodoo emerged first in three distinct regions she calls "regional Hoodoo clusters" and that after the turn of the nineteenth century, Hoodoo took on a national rather than regional profile. The spread came about through the mechanism of the "African Religion Complex," eight distinct cultural characteristics familiar to all the African ethnic groups in the United States. The first interdisciplinary examination to incorporate a full glossary of Hoodoo culture, Mojo Workin': The Old African American Hoodoo System lays out the movement of Hoodoo against a series of watershed changes in the American cultural landscape. Hazzard-Donald examines Hoodoo material culture, particularly the ""High John the Conquer"" root, which practitioners employ for a variety of spiritual uses. She also examines other facets of Hoodoo, including rituals of divination such as the ""walking boy"" and the ""Ring Shout,"" a sacred dance of Hoodoo tradition that bears its corollaries today in the American Baptist churches. Throughout, Hazzard-Donald distinguishes between ""Old tradition Black Belt Hoodoo"" and commercially marketed forms that have been controlled, modified, and often fabricated by outsiders; this study focuses on the hidden system operating almost exclusively among African Americans in the Black spiritual underground.
Weakly supervised learning for unconstrained face processing

Machine face recognition has traditionally been studied under the assumption of a carefully controlled image acquisition process. By controlling image acquisition, variation due to factors such as pose, lighting, and background can be either largely eliminated or specifically limited to a study over a discrete number of possibilities. Applications of face recognition have had mixed success when deployed in conditions where the assumption of controlled image acquisition no longer holds. This dissertation focuses on this unconstrained face recognition problem, where face images exhibit the same amount of variability that one would encounter in everyday life. We formalize unconstrained face recognition as a binary pair matching problem (verification), and present a data set for benchmarking performance on the unconstrained face verification task. We observe that it is comparatively much easier to obtain many examples of unlabeled face images than face images that have been labeled with identity or other higher level information, such as the position of the eyes and other facial features. We thus focus on improving unconstrained face verification by leveraging the information present in this source of weakly supervised data. We first show how unlabeled face images can be used to perform unsupervised face alignment, thereby reducing variability in pose and improving verification accuracy. Next, we demonstrate how deep learning can be used to perform unsupervised feature discovery, providing additional image representations that can be combined with representations from standard hand-crafted image descriptors, to further improve recognition performance. Finally, we combine unsupervised feature learning with joint face alignment, leading to an unsupervised alignment system that achieves gains in recognition performance matching that achieved by supervised alignment.
New mini-bucket partitioning heuristics for bounding the probability of evidence

Mini-Bucket Elimination (MBE) is a well-known approximation algorithm deriving lower and upper bounds on quantities of interest over graphical models. It relies on a procedure that partitions a set of functions, called bucket, into smaller subsets, called mini-buckets. The method has been used with a single partitioning heuristic throughout, so the impact of the partitioning algorithm on the quality of the generated bound has never been investigated. This paper addresses this issue by presenting a framework within which partitioning strategies can be described, analyzed and compared. We derive a new class of partitioning heuristics from first-principles geared for likelihood queries, demonstrate their impact on a number of benchmarks for probabilistic reasoning and show that the results are competitive (often superior) to state-of-the-art bounding schemes.
Pulsed-field fingerprinting of listeriae: identification of genomic divisions for Listeria monocytogenes and their correlation with serovar.

Abstract Clamped homogeneous electric field (CHEF) electrophoresis was optimized for genomic analyses of Listeria monocytogenes. Various human, animal, food, and environmental isolates, as well as strains representing other Listeria species, were separately digested with rarely cutting endonucleases. Of 176 L. monocytogenes strains analyzed, the enzymes AscI and ApaI established 63 and 72 unique restriction endonuclease digestion profiles (REDP), respectively. The 22 non-L. monocytogenes strains exhibited 18 AscI and 19 ApaI unique REDP. Statistical analyses of REDP information using the Dice coincidence index and principal component analysis revealed two distinct genomic divisions of L. monocytogenes that also correlated with the flagellar (H) antigen type: division I contained serovar 1/2a, 1/2c, 3a, and 3c stains and division II contained serovar 1/2b, 3b, 4b, 4d, and 4e strains. Division I isolates digested with ApaI were further grouped into cluster IA (serovar 1/2c and 3c) and cluster IB (serovar 1/2a and 3a) strains. Likewise, division II isolates digested with ApaI were further grouped into cluster IIA (serovar 1/2b and 3b) and cluster IIB (serovar 4b, 4d, and 4e) strains. These data indicate that genotypic data generated by CHEF can be directly related to phenotypic data generated by serotyping for establishing the overall relatedness of isolates. Moreover, these data further substantiate that CHEF analysis is a reproducible and highly discriminating method for characterizing L. monocytogenes strains at the molecular level.
Simultaneous orthognathic surgery and cervicomental liposuction: Clinical and survey results

Adjunctive soft tissue surgical procedures to enhance facial esthetics can be performed simultaneously with orthognathic surgery. Submental-submandibular liposuction was performed with orthognathic surgical procedures in 22 patients from April 1989 to May 1990. Patients ranged in age from 18 to 48 years. Fourteen patients had submental and eight patients had both submental and infralobular incisions. The average estimated amount of fat removed was 40 to 50 cc. In this series of patients there was a marked improvement in facial esthetics. Liposuction created greater definition of the submandibular region and a more distinct jawline, with an improved cervicomental angle. Patients appeared younger. No significant complications occurred, and patient satisfaction was high. A survey of oral and maxillofacial surgery training programs in the United States was conducted to determine experiences with liposuction. Survey results are presented. Our survey results are consistent with our clinical experiences with this procedure.
A Reference Architecture for Mobile Code Offload in Hostile Environments

Handheld mobile technology is reaching first responders and soldiers in the field to aid in various tasks such as speech and image recognition, natural language processing, decision making, and mission planning. However, these applications are computation-intensive and we must consider that 1) mobile devices offer less computational power than a conventional desktop or server computer, 2) computation-intensive tasks take a heavy toll on battery power, and 3) networks in hostile environments such as those experienced by first responders and soldiers in the field are often unreliable and bandwidth is limited and inconsistent. While there has been considerable research in code offload to the cloud to enhance computation and battery life, most of this work assumes reliable connectivity between the mobile device and the cloud—an invalid assumption in hostile environments. This paper presents a reference architecture for mobile devices that exploits cloudlets—VM-based code offload elements that are in single-hop proximity to the mobile devices that they serve. Two implementations of this reference architecture are presented, along with an analysis of architecture tradeoffs.
Transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal carcinoids: the largest reported United States experience

Aim Rectal carcinoids are often inadequately resected by snare excision during colonoscopy. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is a minimally invasive procedure with low morbidity that offers full-thickness excision with a low rate of negative margins. It presents an excellent alternative to radical surgery for mid and proximally located lesions. We report the largest United States (US) experience in the use of transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal carcinoids. Method Data of patients who had undergone transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal carcinoids were prospectively collected and retrospectively analyzed. Patient and tumour characteristics, operative and perioperative details, as well as oncological outcomes were reviewed. Results Over a 12-year period, 24 patients underwent transanal endoscopic microsurgery for rectal carcinoids. Of these, six (25%) were primary surgical resections and 18 (75%) were performed after incomplete snare excisions during colonoscopy. Three (17%) patients who underwent full-thickness resection after snare excision had residual tumour on histopathological examination. Negative margins were obtained in all cases. No recurrences were noted. Conclusion Transanal endoscopic microsurgery is effective and safe for the surgical resection of rectal carcinoids < 2 cm in diameter, with typical features and located more than 5 cm from the anal verge. Transanal endoscopic microsurgery can be used for primary resection or for resection after incomplete colonoscopic snare excision.
The mouse macrophage activation-associated marker protein, p71/73, is an inducible prostaglandin endoperoxide synthase (cyclooxygenase)

The inducible protein p2l/73 marks the response of mouse macrophages to one of several stimuli (e.g., bacterial lipopolysaccharide or poly I:C) that trig- ger the expression of cytolytic activity when these cells have previously been primed for tumor cell killing by interferon--y (IFN-'y). The results reported here identify this marker protein as the inducible prostaglandin endo- peroxide synthase (PES), TIS1O/PES-2. Identification was based on four findings: (1) p71/73, like the TIS1O/ PES-2 protein, was associated with cellular membranes; (2) the sequence of amino acids in the NH2 terminus of both p71 and p73 was 96% identical to the predicted NH2-terminal sequence of the TIS1O/PES-2 protein; (3) a polyclonal antiserum raised against the COOH-terminal region of the TIS1OIPES-2 gene product recognized p71/73 in immunoblots; and (4) dexamethasone, which blocks induction of TIS1O/PES-2 expression, inhibited the induction of both p71/73 synthesis and tumoricidal activity in macrophage. Several regulatory roles for this protein in the activation process are possible. J. Leukoc. Biol. 53: 411-419; 1993.
Analysis of oxide coatings on steam-oxidized Incoloy 800

In-situ formed oxide coatings have been proposed as hydrogen permeation barriers for candidate materials in heat exchangers and for hydrogen containment. In this regard oxides formed by oxidation of Incoloy 800 in 243 and 532 torr (1 torr = 133.3 Pa) steam at 933 K, and in 714 torr steam at 793, 933, and 998 K for exposure times up to 5000 h, have been chemically analyzed. Analytical techniques included ion microprobe mass analysis and optical microscopy. Sample pretreatment, including electropolishing, annealing and cold working, affected the oxidation chemistry. Steam oxidation of electropolished samples formed thick iron oxide at the steam-oxide interface. Electropolished/annealed samples (1173 K for one h under vacuum) formed iron oxide at short exposure times, however longer exposure resulted in the iron oxide spalling, leaving a thin oxide rich in chromium and manganese. Subsequent cold work on annealed samples led to higher iron content in the oxide upon steam exposure.
Compact Hyperspectral and Polarization Imagers

Compact, agile, robust, remotely-controlled imagers using acousto-optic tunable filters with commercial cameras can detect both spectral and polarization signatures from the ultraviolet to the longwave infrared to identify objects of concern in Homeland Security applications.
Renal CD14 expression correlates with the progression of cystic kidney disease

Monocyte and macrophage markers are among the most highly overexpressed genes in cpk mouse kidneys with severely progressive renal cystic disease. We show here that one of these markers, CD14, is abnormally transcribed, activated and shed in cystic kidneys. However, these abnormalities were not associated with an increased number of interstitial CD14-positive mononuclear cells. Instead, we found that most non-cystic and cystic renal tubular epithelia were CD14-positive; even distal nephron-derived principal cells. Cd14 was significantly overexpressed in the kidneys of 5-day-old cpk mice and further increased as the disease progressed. In the cpk model with variable rates of cystic kidney enlargement (due to an intercross of two distinct genetic backgrounds), Cd14 expression positively correlated with kidney volume, exceeding the correlation with MCP-1, an established marker of autosomal-dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). In 16 patients with ADPKD, the baseline urinary CD14 level showed some tendency to correlate with the 2-year change in total kidney volume; however, the tendency was not statistically significant. But the association was significant when the analysis was confined to males. Clearly more studies need to be done to evaluate the utility of CD14 as a marker for outcomes in ADPKD.
Ethical Blowback from Emerging Technologies

Abstract The military is a major driver of technological, world-changing innovations which, like the Internet, often have unpredictable dual uses and widespread civilian impact (‘blowback’). Ethical and policy concerns arising from such technologies, therefore, are not limited to military affairs, but can have great implications for society at large as well. This paper will focus on two technology areas making headlines at present: human enhancement technologies and robotics, representing both biological and technological upgrades to the military. The concerns we will raise are about (1) the unintended effects that these technologies could have on society and (2) the possibly self-defeating nature of these military programs in making war itself more, rather than less likely to occur. Given that society also can influence military programs (e.g., through civil protests) it is important for the military to attend to such concerns.
Growth and development of the lung

THE STUDY of growth and development of the lung provides insights into the pathogenesis and sequelae of congenital malformations and is important in understanding how lung growth is altered by disease and by environmental factors. This review focuses on the clinical implications of normal, abnormal, and compensatory lung growth and development from a morphologic, physiologic, and biochemical point of view. Various techniques have contributed to understanding of lung growth. Thus lung growth may be analyzed (1) anatomically, with use of wax models and casts of the lung, dye injection techniques, and inflation of the lung under constant pressure, with subsequent dissection of
Steroid‐responsive tubular aggregate myopathy

We report a man with an acute myalgia/cramp syndrome and tubular aggregates on his muscle biopsy. He was placed on prednisone and was found to be exquisitely sensitive to the drug, with changes of only 5 mg precipitating recurrence of symptoms. He was eventually tapered off all steroids, without symptoms, and repeat biopsy showed no tubular aggregates. We recommend similar patients be given a trial of high-dose steroids.
Identification of residues critical for Cu2+-mediated inhibition of glycine α1 receptors

Abstract Endogenous divalent cations Cu2+ and Zn2+ suppress the activity of glycine receptors (glyRs). Whereas residues critical for the effects of Zn2+ on glyRs have been identified, little is known about the determinants of Cu2+-mediated inhibition. In the present studies, we have assessed the potential commonality of Zn2+ and Cu2+-mediated inhibition of glyRs. Cu2+ potently inhibited recombinant human glycine α1 receptors, with an IC50 of 4.1 ± 0.7 μM. Systematic mutation of extracellular histidine residues revealed that mutation H215A greatly reduced the inhibitory modulation by Cu2+. Substitution of H215 with C produced receptors with Cu2+ sensitivity similar to the wild type. Furthermore, modification of H215C with a thio-specific reagent, [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl] methanethiosulfonate bromide (MTSET), reduced Cu2+ sensitivity of H215C receptors. However, mutation of other extracellular histidine residues including H107 and H109, which are known inhibitory Zn2+coordination sites, failed to influence inhibition of glycine currents by Cu2+. Moreover, mutation to alanine of two threonine residues (T112, T133) critical for Zn2+ inhibition had no effect (T133A) or only partial inhibitory effects (T112A) on Cu2+-induced inhibition. The double mutation, T112A/H215A, caused greater effects on Cu2+-mediated inhibition than either mutation alone. In addition, the glycine currents recorded from T112A/H215A mutant receptors were significantly potentiated by low concentrations of Cu2+. Our results have identified critical determinants of Cu2+-mediated inhibition of glyRs. Moreover, we demonstrate for the first time a clear difference in residues responsible for Cu2+-mediated compared to Zn2+-mediated inhibition of glyRs.
Sphere packing lower bound on fingerprinting error probability

We study the statistical performance of spherical fingerprints for a focused detector which decides whether a user of interest is among the colluders. The colluders create a noise-free forgery by preprocessing their individual copies, and then adding a white Gaussian noise sequence to form the actual forgery. Let N be the codelength, M the number of users, and K the number of colluders. We derive a sphere packing lower bound on the error probability, valid for any triple (N,M,K) and any spherical fingerprinting code.
IgE binding to and cross-reactivity among English walnut and other walnut (Juglans) species

Abstract Rationale English walnuts are frequently associated with severe allergic reactions. We sought English walnut cultivars or other walnut species for which IgE binding to walnut seed storage proteins was decreased or the ability to inhibit IgE binding to English walnut extract was incomplete, thereby identifying possible germplasm sources of hypoallergenic walnut seed storage proteins. Methods Sera from patients who have had life-threatening systemic reactions to English walnut were used in immunoblots to identify IgE-reactive proteins in the walnut species and cultivars. In addition, the same sera were used in immunoblot inhibition with several species to determine in vitro cross-reactivity of recombinant and native Jug r 1 and Jug r 2, two important walnut allergens. Results Patient IgE showed similar binding to all walnut extracts with some minor differences between the English and black walnut species. Inhibition with the various walnut species eliminated nearly all IgE binding to the proteins in both the English walnut Chandler cultivar and the Black Walnut Thomas cultivar. Absorption with all walnut species eliminated IgE binding to the recombinant Jug r 2 and decreased IgE binding to the recombinant Jug r 1. Conclusions It is unlikely a hypoallergenic walnut could be bred from available germplasm. Furthermore, based on the extensive cross-reactivity seen in vitro, patients with severe English walnut allergy will likely react to all commercial English walnut cultivars and other closely-related walnut species.
NARRATIVE SCRIPTS: COMPOSING A LIFE WITH AMBITION AND DESIRE

The “formative and deformative narratives” and the psychodynamics of male-female relations permeate us all, and are revealed in theme and variations in our consulting rooms. Conventional narrative forms are largely androcentric, action-oriented, and point single-mindedly toward a goal (Van Buren, 1991), whereas women’s stories and their identities—digressive and complex weavings—are built around the significant relationships in their lives (Gilligan, 1982; Kaplan, 1984; Bernay, 1986). As clinicians, we must be mindful of derangements of our own desire, shaped by our biological mothers and fathers, our psychoanalytic fathers, Freud, and his early followers, and sometimes our own analysts. We must attend to the voice of our own ambition and trace its flourishes and derailments, understanding female ambition from a woman’s point of view in order to assist our patients in reconstructing deformative narratives into healthier and more enabling ones. We need to take responsibility for our own ambition, stilling the disabling voices of the characters in our own intrapsychic dramas, maintaining consciousness of the deformative voices in the culture at large, and attunement to voices of support for ambition integrated with nurturance and aggression.
Ultrasound Imaging-guided Intracardiac Injection to Develop a Mouse Model of Breast Cancer Brain Metastases Followed by Longitudinal MRI

Breast cancer brain metastasis, occurring in 30% of breast cancer patients at stage IV, is associated with high mortality. The median survival is only 6 months. It is critical to have suitable animal models to mimic the hemodynamic spread of the metastatic cells in the clinical scenario. Here, we are introducing the use of small animal ultrasound imaging to guide an accurate injection of brain tropical breast cancer cells into the left ventricle of athymic nude mice. Longitudinal MRI is used to assessing intracranial initiation and growth of brain metastases. Ultrasound-guided intracardiac injection ensures not only an accurate injection and hereby a higher successful rate but also significantly decreased mortality rate, as compared to our previous manual procedure. In vivo high resolution MRI allows the visualization of hyperintense multifocal lesions, as small as 310 µm in diameter on T2-weighted images at 3 weeks post injection. Follow-up MRI reveals intracranial tumor growth and increased number of metastases that distribute throughout the whole brain.
Raman spectroscopic sensing using whispering gallery microresonators

We investigate Raman spectroscopic sensing using whispering gallery microresonators as a label-free method toward single particle detection. Whispering gallery mode microresonators are used as platforms to perform sensitive particle detection by exploiting the strong, evanescent field of a resonant mode exposed on the surface of the microresonator. Particles adhered to the microresonator surface interact with the field and scatter photons circulating within the resonator. In particular, Raman scattered photons are detected, providing molecular-specific "fingerprint" information regarding the adhered particles. The exploitation of a resonant mode allows for enhancement of generated Raman signal over traditional methods of spontaneous Raman scattering. Preliminary proof-of-concept experimental results are shown.
Risk Factors for Severity and Type of the Hip Fracture

More severe hip fractures such as displaced femoral neck (FN) fractures and unstable intertrochanteric (IT) fractures lead to poorer outcomes, but risk factors for severe fractures have not been studied. To identify risk factors for severe types of hip fracture, we performed a prospective cohort study and obtained preoperative hip radiographs from women who sustained an incident hip fracture (excluding traumatic fractures). A single radiologist scored the severity of FN fractures by the Garden System: grades I and II, undisplaced; grades III and IV, displaced. The severity of IT hip fractures was rated by the Kyle System: grades I and II, stable; grades III and IV, unstable. A total of 249 women had FN fractures: 75 (30%) were undisplaced. A total of 213 women had IT fractures: 59 (28%) were stable. Both types of hip fracture increased with age, but older age was even more strongly associated with more severe hip fractures. Low BMD was more strongly related to undisplaced FN fractures (p interaction BMD × FN type, p = 0.0008) and stable IT fractures (p interaction BMD × IT type, p = 0.04). Similar findings were observed for estimated volumetric BMD and hip geometric parameters. Corticosteroid use was only associated with displaced FN fractures, and Parkinson's disease was only associated with stable IT fractures. Little difference was reported in the self-reported circumstances surrounding each type of fracture. In conclusion, the lower the BMD, the greater the likelihood of experiencing a hip fracture that is less displaced and more stable.
Phosphate excess and progressive renal failure: The precipitation-calcification hypothesis

Chez une femme de 44 ans porteuse d'une insuffisance renale sur reflux apparaissent des calculs phosphatiques. A travers ce cas clinique et une revue de la litterature est degagee l'hypothese d'une toxicite renale du phosphore, par mecanisme de precipitation et calcification. Le role de l'apport alimentaire est fondamental. Differentes etudes, sur l'animal ou l'homme insuffisant renal, de restriction alimentaire en proteines et/ou phosphore, mettent en evidence differents mecanismes de toxicite: il s'agit principalement de l'action sur le taux de diluation glomerulaire pour les proteines et de l'interaction avec le metabolisme calcique pour le phosphore. Les modalites de la restriction d'apports et de l'emploi des chelateurs du phosphore restent a preciser
Alzheimer’s Disease Risk Genes and Mechanisms of Disease Pathogenesis

We review the genetic risk factors for late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD) and their role in AD pathogenesis. More recent advances in understanding of the human genome-technologic advances in methods to analyze millions of polymorphisms in thousands of subjects-have revealed new genes associated with AD risk, including ABCA7, BIN1, CASS4, CD33, CD2AP, CELF1, CLU, CR1, DSG2, EPHA1, FERMT2, HLA-DRB5-DBR1, INPP5D, MS4A, MEF2C, NME8, PICALM, PTK2B, SLC24H4-RIN3, SORL1, and ZCWPW1. Emerging technologies to analyze the entire genome in large data sets have also revealed coding variants that increase AD risk: PLD3 and TREM2. We review the relationship between these AD risk genes and the cellular and neuropathologic features of AD. Understanding the mechanisms underlying the association of these genes with risk for disease will provide the most meaningful targets for therapeutic development to date.