cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
LATE-LIFE DEPRESSIVE SYMPTOMS FOLLOWING NURSING HOME OR INPATIENT REHABILITATION IN MEDICARE BENEFICIARIES

Introduction Millions of Medicare beneficiaries receive rehabilitation services in skilled nursing facilities or inpatient rehabilitation facilities. This study was designed to study whether receipt of rehabilitation services in nursing homes or inpatient settings is associated with clinically significant depressive symptoms at follow-up among older adult Medicare beneficiaries. Methods We utilized data from National Health and Aging Trends Study (NHATS), which is an annual survey of a nationally representative sample of Medicare beneficiaries aged 65 years and older. Our study included 6,329 participants of the 2015 and 2016 NHATS interviews. The PHQ-2 assessed for the presence of clinically significant depression, and interview questions addressed rehabilitation, demographic characteristics, socioeconomic status, and health and functioning variables. Results Medicare beneficiaries who received rehabilitation services in nursing home or inpatient settings had higher levels of depression at follow-up than those who did not receive these services (25.2% vs. 11.1%; p Conclusions Even after accounting for factors such as medical conditions, baseline depressive symptoms, and changes in ability to engage in self-care and household activities, older adults who receive nursing home or inpatient rehabilitation services comprise an at-risk group for having depression. As depression is associated with considerable morbidity and can interfere with the rehabilitation process, additional efforts to identify and treat depression in these older adults may be warranted. This research was funded by The National Health and Aging Trends Study dataset is publicly available and is sponsored by the National Institute on Aging (grant number NIA U01AG032947) through a cooperative agreement with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health. Dr. Simning was supported by the National Institute on Aging (K23AG058757). The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily reflect the official views of the NIH.
Big Data in Motion: A Vehicle-Assisted Urban Computing Framework for Smart Cities

Smart cities are envisioned to facilitate the well-being of the society through efficient management of the Internet of Things resources and the data produced by these resources. However, the enormous number of such devices would result in unprecedented growth in data, creating capacity issues related to the acquisition, transfer from one location to another, storage, and finally the analysis. The traditional networks are not sufficient to support the transfer of this huge amount of data, proving to be costly both in terms of delay and energy consumption. Alternative means of data transfers are thus required to support this big data produced by smart cities. In this paper, we have proposed an efficient data-transfer framework based on volunteer vehicles whereby we employ vehicles to carry data in the direction of the destination. The framework promotes self-belonging, social awareness, and energy conservation through urban computing encouraging participation by citizens. The proposed framework can also facilitate the research community to benchmark their own route selection algorithms easily. Further, we performed an extensive evaluation of the proposed framework based on realistic models of vehicles, routes, data-spots, data chunks to be transmitted and the energy consumed. Our results show the efficacy of the proposed data transfer framework as the energy consumed through vehicles is significantly less than that consumed by transmission over the Internet thereby reducing the carbon footprint. The results also offer several insights into the optimal configuration of a vehicular data transfer network based on analysis of delay, energy consumption, and data-spot utilization.
Children's belief in purported events: When claims reference hearsay, books, or the internet.

Abstract Children aged 4.75–8.50 years (n = 127) heard testimony about improbable or impossible events—referencing either spoken hearsay, a book, or the internet—and judged whether the events could occur in reality. A separate baseline group (n = 48) judged the events without hearing testimony. Relative to baseline, younger children (4 and 5 years) reported greater belief that improbable events could occur when testimony referenced hearsay and less belief when testimony referenced the internet. In contrast, older children (8 years) were less likely to believe improbable events could occur when testimony referenced hearsay and believed testimony that referenced a text-based source (a book or the internet) at rates similar to baseline. Beliefs about the occurrence of impossible events were similar (and low) across ages and testimony conditions. Implications for children’s learning from spoken and text-based sources are discussed.
Alien ice: an evaluation of some subsidiary effects and concomitant problems in iceberg utilization.

Scientific uncertainty concerning some subtle environmental impacts of iceberg utilization will make plausible several types of political accusations against any who attempt such utilization. Examples are given to suggest how such accusations have been made against weather modification experiments, and how future accusations might contend that iceberg utilization experiments influence global climate.
Editorial Commentary: Femoral Nerve Block: Don't Kill the Motor Branch.

Abstract Femoral nerve block is commonly used for pain control after knee surgery and helps to reduce the need for opioids in the early postoperative period. The potential disadvantage is blockage of the motor branch of the femoral nerve, resulting in quadriceps weakness and reduced strength by up to 50%. Adductor canal nerve block is a possible alternative resulting in less muscle weakness. The rationale behind adductor canal nerve block is blockage of the saphenous nerve and part of the obturator nerve, providing reliable and adequate pain relief.
Concept, experimental demonstration and numerical study of force-based hybrid simulation

Hybrid simulation is an advanced technique for dynamic analysis of structures, combining laboratory testing and numerical models. Many successful applications can be found in the studies for seismic analysis of structures. However, applications to the other hazards such as wind and tsunami have been very limited. One of the challenges is that the conventional hybrid simulation does not strictly ensure force equilibrium conditions at each time step, leaving unbalanced force error. In order to expand applications of hybrid simulation to various types of hazards, the unbalanced force has to be eliminated; it is because motion induced forces in aero and hydrodynamic loads have to be consistent with the structural deformation. This study proposes a force-based hybrid simulation to address the above challenge. The paper introduces a concept of force-based hybrid simulation and presents details of the force-based numerical integration algorithm. Following the description of the structural model and test setup, an experimental demonstration of the force-based hybrid simulation for a linear physical specimen is presented. Furthermore, numerical simulation using Bouc-Wen model is performed for an investigation of the applicability of the force-based hybrid simulation to nonlinear system.
Epigenetic Neuropharmacology: Drugs Affecting the Epigenome in the Brain

This review explores how different classes of drugs, including those with therapeutic and abuse potential, alter brain functions and behavior via the epigenome. Epigenetics, in its simplest interpretation, is the study of the regulation of a genes' transcriptional potential. The epigenome is established during development but is malleable throughout life by a wide variety of drugs, with both clinical utility and abuse potential. An epigenetic effect can be central to the drug's therapeutic or abuse potential, or it can be independent from the main effect but nevertheless produce beneficial or adverse side effects. Here, I discuss the various epigenetic effects of main pharmacological drug classes, including antidepressants, antiepileptics, and drugs of abuse.
Microstructural Assessment of a Multiple-Intermetallic-Strengthened Aluminum Alloy Produced from Gas-Atomized Powder by Hot Extrusion and Friction Extrusion.

An aluminum (Al) matrix with various transition metal (TM) additions is an effective alloying approach for developing high-specific-strength materials for use at elevated temperatures. Conventional fabrication processes such as casting or fusion-related methods are not capable of producing Al–TM alloys in bulk form. Solid phase processing techniques, such as extrusion, have been shown to maintain the microstructure of Al–TM alloys. In this study, extrusions are fabricated from gas-atomized aluminum powders (≈100–400 µm) that contain 12.4 wt % TM additives and an Al-based matrix reinforced by various Al–Fe–Cr–Ti intermetallic compounds (IMCs). Two different extrusion techniques, conventional hot extrusion and friction extrusion, are compared using fabricating rods. During extrusion, the strengthening IMC phases were extensively refined as a result of severe plastic deformation. Furthermore, the quasicrystal approximant IMC phase (70.4 wt % Al, 20.4 wt % Fe, 8.7 wt % Cr, 0.6 wt % Ti) observed in the powder precursor is replaced by new IMC phases such as Al3.2Fe and Al45Cr7-type IMCs. The Al3Ti-type IMC phase is partially dissolved into the Al matrix during extrusion. The combination of linear and rotational shear in the friction extrusion process caused severe deformation in the powders, which allowed for a higher extrusion ratio, eliminated linear voids, and resulted in higher ductility while maintaining strength comparable to that resulting from hot extrusion. Results from equilibrium thermodynamic calculations show that the strengthening IMC phases are stable at elevated temperatures (up to ≈ 600 °C), thus enhancing the high-temperature strength of the extrudates.
Effect of Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction on Pitch Accuracy, Velocity, and Movement in Major League Baseball Pitchers:

Background:Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) reconstruction is frequently performed on Major League Baseball (MLB) pitchers. Previous studies have investigated the effects of UCL reconstruction on fa...
Constraining neutron star radii in black hole-neutron star mergers from their electromagnetic counterparts

Mergers of black hole (BH) and neutron star (NS) binaries are of interest since the emission of gravitational waves (GWs) can be followed by an electromagnetic (EM) counterpart, which could power short gamma-ray bursts. Until now, LIGO/Virgo has only observed a candidate BH-NS event, GW190426\_152155, which was not followed by any EM counterpart. We show how the presence (absence) of a remnant disk, which powers the EM counterpart, can be used along with spin measurements by LIGO/Virgo to derive a lower (upper) limit on the radius of the NS. For the case of GW190426\_152155, large measurement errors on the spin prevent from placing an upper limit on the NS radius. Our proposed method works best when the aligned component of the BH spin (with respect to the orbital angular momentum) is the largest, and can be used to complement the information that can be extracted from the GW signal to derive valuable information on the NS equation of state.
An Emergency Control Strategy of Synchronous Condenser to Reduce the Risk of HVDC Continuous Commutation Failure

During the commutation failure and its dynamic recovery process, the voltage fluctuation caused by the frequent reactive power exchange between the HVDC system and the receiving-end AC system is one of the important reasons for the continuous commutation failure. Large-capacity synchronous condenser is equipped with strong transient voltage support capabilities, which is important means to reduce the risk of continuous commutation failure. This paper analyzes the effect of the conventional control method of the synchronous condenser to deal with the continuous commutation failure, then based on its response characteristics and HVDC recovery characteristics, an emergency control strategy of the synchronous condenser is proposed. Firstly, control the synchronous condenser to the strong excitation according to commutation state. Secondly, adopting the commutation failure prediction to maintain the strong excitation control. Finally, exiting the strong excitation control with a constant slope control. This method can improve the stability of the commutation voltage and reduce the risk of continuous commutation failure. At last, Based on JingSu DC of the East China Power Grid, the effectiveness of the emergency control strategy is verified with electromechanical transient simulation software PSDEdit.
An X -Band Through Ka -Band Thinned All-Metal Vivaldi Phased Array

The design and performance of a thinned $8 \times {8}$ singly polarized all-metal Vivaldi phased array are presented. A genetic algorithm (GA)-based optimization is employed to demonstrate the feasibility of thinning this small element count, ultrawideband connected Vivaldi array. A 50% thinning factor, obtained by terminating 32 elements, is considered and the thinning configuration is optimized with multiple objectives to maximize total efficiency at the low-frequency end and minimize sidelobe level (SLL) in the E- and H-planes at the high-frequency end. Pattern multiplication with embedded element patterns and simulated finite array S-parameters are utilized for efficient optimization. A prototype operating over 10–35 GHz is fabricated and measured. Experimental and numerical results show that the thinned phased array exhibits a reduction of peak SLL >10 dB in two principal planes, aperture efficiency >50%, and total losses <2.1 dB. The array maintains good performance as it scans up to 45°. Although a small array size is considered herein, the presented analysis and results pave the way for the thinning of large tightly coupled arrays, effectively reducing the number of required transmit/receive (T/R) modules while achieving a desired far-field improvement.
Exploiting & Refining Depth Distributions with Triangulation Light Curtains

Active sensing through the use of Adaptive Depth Sensors is a nascent field, with potential in areas such as Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS). They do however require dynamically driving a laser / light-source to a specific location to capture information, with one such class of sensor being the Triangulation Light Curtains (LC). In this work, we introduce a novel approach that exploits prior depth distributions from RGB cameras to drive a Light Curtain’s laser line to regions of uncertainty to get new measurements. These measurements are utilized such that depth uncertainty is reduced and errors get corrected recursively. We show real-world experiments that validate our approach in outdoor and driving settings, and demonstrate qualitative and quantitative improvements in depth RMSE when RGB cameras are used in tandem with a Light Curtain.
Attention and Concentration

Assessment in this domain examines a youngster’s neurologically-based capacity to screen out distracting stimulation; focus on the most important information, activity, or communication in their immediate environment; and then sustain concentration on this information, activity, or communication for an optimal amount of time. Specific aspects of attentional functioning are also investigated. These include attention to auditory versus visual information, attention to simple segments of information versus complex information that requires more advanced mental manipulations, attention to fundamentally interesting versus more monotonous information, and the ability to maintain attention and concentration even in the face of interference from new information and task demands.
Mutational Hotspot Detection in LGL Leukemia

Cancer genomics has been focused primarily on identifying and studying mutations that are over-represented in known genes. This project applied methods to scan through entire chromosomes and label these loci as "genomic probabilistic hotspots" (GPHs). A GPH is defined as any area on a patient’s chromosome where the observed rate of mutations over positions of a given chromosome window far exceeds what would be expected from random variation. The approach is then applied to 39 patients diagnosed with large granular lymphocyte (LGL) leukemia - a rare form of blood cancer. In order to calculate expected mutation rates in non-LGL patients, data were obtained from the 1000 Genome Project. A negative binomial test was employed to isolate specific GPHs where the distribution of mutations within the LGL patient sample was significantly high. The Negative Binomial approach identified a median of 1 to 2 patient hotspots per chromosome with a mean Jaccard’s distance between patients being 0.90. The KDE method found a median of 40 hotspots with wider span resulting in a mean Jaccard’s distance of 0.43. The results from the Negative Binomial approach indicated heterogeneity between hotspot locations, whereas KDE results were more homogeneous. Negative binomial is best for pinpointing the most significantly dense regions, whereas KDE is best for identifying all broad regions that are more mutated than a reference. These new, gene-agnostic approaches provide novel methods to search chromosomes for mutational abnormalities and can be generalized and scaled to any clinical syndrome. Future directions include extension of the GPH method across genomes, developing a robust library of disease- and/or model species-specific hotspot profiles. These may serve as reference guides in studies seeking to understand the exact biochemical processes driving the onset and progression of rare cancers.
Component additivity model for plastics – biomass mixtures during hydrothermal liquefaction in sub-, near- and supercritical water

Summary We produced oils via hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of binary mixtures of biomass components (e.g., lignin, cellulose, starch) with different plastics and binary mixtures of plastics themselves. Cellulose, starch, and lignin demonstrated synergistic interactions (i.e., enhanced oil yields) with the plastics tested (polypropylene, polycarbonate, polystyrene, and polyethylene terephthalate). Polystyrene exhibited synergy during HTL with the three other plastics as did polypropylene during HTL with PET or PC. We used the experimental results to develop the first component-additivity model that predicts the oil yields from HTL of biomass – plastic and plastic-plastic mixtures. The model accounts for interactions among and between biomass components and plastic components in sub-, near- and supercritical water. The model predicts 88% of 48 published oil yields from HTL experiments with mixtures containing plastics to within 10 wt. %.
Elasticity with Disarrangements

The subject of elasticity provides, among many other things, a continuum field theory for the dynamical evolution of bodies that undergo large deformations, that respond to changes in geometry through a stored energy function, and that experience internal dissipation in isothermal situations only during non-smooth processes. The central position of this field theory within mechanics has provided a starting point for many approaches to obtaining field theories that capture the effects of submacroscopic material structure or of submacroscopic geometrical changes on the macroscopic evolution of a body. The developments described here employ structured deformations and structured motions in order to formulate field theories for the dynamical evolution of bodies undergoing smooth geometrical changes at the macrolevel, while undergoing only piecewise smooth geometrical changes at submacroscopic levels. In keeping with elasticity, the new field equations should describe bodies that undergo large deformations and that store energy, while, in transcending elasticity in its standard form, the field equations should permit the body to experience internal dissipation during smooth dynamical processes and should provide a connection between the internal dissipation and the non-smooth geometrical changes (“disarrangements”) experienced by the body.
A Distributed Fault-Detection and Diagnosis System Using On-Line Parameter Estimation

The development of a model-based fault-detection and diagnosis system (FDD) is reviewed. The system can be used as an integral part of an intelligent control system. It determines the faults of a system from comparison of the measurements of the system with a priori information represented by the model of the system. The method of modeling a complex system is described and a description of diagnosis models which include process faults is presented. There are three distinct classes of fault modes covered by the system performance model equation: actuator faults, sensor faults, and performance degradation. A system equation for a complete model that describes all three classes of faults is given. The strategy for detecting the fault and estimating the fault parameters using a distributed on-line parameter identification scheme is presented. A two-step approach is proposed. The first step is composed of a group of hypothesis testing modules, (HTM) in parallel processing to test each class of faults. The second step is the fault diagnosis module which checks all the information obtained from the HTM level, isolates the fault, and determines its magnitude. The proposed FDD system was demonstrated by applying it to detect actuator and sensor faults added to a simulation of the Space Shuttle Main Engine. The simulation results show that the proposed FDD system can adequately detect the faults and estimate their magnitudes.
WebVigiL: An Approach to Just-In-Time Information Propagation in Large Network-Centric Environments

In this chapter, we argue that push technology is critical for a large number of applications — traditional as well as network-centric. Push technology can be implemented in various ways depending upon the ‘openness’ of the underlying systems into which the push technology is being inserted. We have experimented with several approaches: integrated, mediated (using intelligent agents) and wrapper-based. Intelligent agents are useful for supporting push technology in situations where the underlying system/software provides some hooks but is not open to user modification. In this chapter, we first overview the need for push and pull technologies. We then provide an overview of active capability for detecting changes in databases and other structured environments.
Science at the Nanoscale: An Introductory Textbook, by C.W. Shong, S.C. Haur and A.T.S. Wee: Scope: monograph. Level: undergraduate

Science at the Nanoscale: An Introductory Textbook, by C.W. Shong, S.C. Haur and A.T.S. Wee, Singapore, Pan Stanford Publishing, 2009, 228 pp., $89.95 (hardback), ISBN 978-981-4241-03-8. Scope: mon...
Hexokinase binding to mitochondria: a basis for proliferative energy metabolism

Current thought is that proliferating cells undergo a shift from oxidative to glycolytic metabolism, where the energy requirements of the rapidly dividing cell are provided by ATP from glycolysis. Drawing on the hexokinase–mitochondrial acceptor theory of insulin action, this article presents evidence suggesting that the increased binding of hexokinase to porin on mitochondria of cancer cells not only accelerates glycolysis by providing hexokinase with better access to ATP, but also stimulates the TCA cycle by providing the mitochondrion with ADP that acts as an acceptor for phosphoryl groups. Furthermore, this acceleration of the TCA cycle stimulates protein synthesis via two mechanisms: first, by increasing ATP production, and second, by provision of certain amino acids required for protein synthesis, since the amino acids glutamate, alanine, and aspartate are either reduction products or partially oxidized products of the intermediates of glycolysis and the TCA cycle. The utilization of oxygen in the course of the TCA cycle turnover is relatively diminished even though TCA cycle intermediates are being consumed. With partial oxidation of TCA cycle intermediates into amino acids, there is necessarily a reduction in formation of CO2 from pyruvate, seen as a relative diminution in utilization of oxygen in relation to carbon utilization. This has been assumed to be an inhibition of oxygen uptake and therefore a diminution of TCA cycle activity. Therefore a switch from oxidative metabolism to glycolytic metabolism has been assumed (the Crabtree effect). By stimulating both ATP production and protein synthesis for the rapidly dividing cell, the binding of hexokinase to mitochondrial porin lies at the core of proliferative energy metabolism. This article further reviews literature on the binding of the isozymes of hexokinase to porin, and on the evolution of insulin, proposing that intracellular insulin-like proteins directly bind hexokinase to mitochondrial porin.
[23] Antisense DNA/RNA-based strategies to analysis of signal transduction via G proteins

Summary The ability to selectively suppress the expression of specific signaling elements has provided a new strategy with which to probe the complex regulatory networks of signal transduction pathways. From an economical perspective, the use of antisense DNA oligodeoxynucleotides is practical for studies which require relatively small-scale culture of cells, for pilot studies seeking to test the antisense DNA strategy, and for cell systems amenable to single-cell assays (i.e., patch clamping or histochemical analysis). Vector-driven antisense RNA expression, both constitutive and inducible, in cell culture allows for large-scale cell growth capacities enabling biochemical analyses. Expanding the antisense RNA approach to transgenic animals provides the means to generate unique mouse models with which to explore the role of transmembrane signaling elements in complex biological processes in vivo. In our studies, the use of antisense oligodeoxynucleotides for suppression of Gsα or for suppression of specific protein kinases provided powerful insights into the roles of these proteins in differentiation and receptor desensitization, respectively. Similarly the role of Giα2 in stem cell differentiation and the role of PKC in receptor desensitization have been addressed in cells stably expressing antisense RNA. Finally, investigation of the role of Giα2 in adipose tissue and liver function as well as its role in whole-body metabolism, growth, and development has been made possible only through the hybrid PEPCK gene construct employed in our laboratory. Using a panel of different antisense DNA/RNA-based approaches, one can explore the roles of signaling elements at several distinctly different levels by selectively suppressing either a single target or a family of targets in cells in vitro or in tissues in vivo. Our knowledge of the role of transmembrane signaling elements in disease is growing rapidly. Our success with antisense DNA/RNA-based approaches in vitro and in vivo highlights the potential applications of this technology for use in gene therapy to treat pathological disorders. The delivery of anti-sense DNA oligodeoxynucleotides or retroviruses harboring antisense RNA sequences to tissues as well as the ability to express antisense RNA in a narrowly defined and specific set of tissues has great implications not only for our basic understanding of how signal transduction pathways impinge on these complex events but also for the treatment of human disease.
Chapter 10 Gastrointestinal Manifestations of Rheumatoid Arthritis

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the gastrointestinal (GI) pathology and associated clinical manifestations in patients with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). RA is a chronic, systemic, and progressive inflammatory condition, mediated by self-reactive T and B lymphocytes. It is characterized by inflammation of the synovium and surrounding structures, which lead to significant joint destruction. Some manifestations described as a direct result of RA followed by the GI manifestations that commonly occur as a complication of RA therapy are discussed. Both glucocorticoids and Non-steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used in the management of inflammation and the symptoms associated with it, pain in particular. These drugs are useful for analgesia and improvement of function in cases of significant synovitis. One of the most common associations of bowel disease and inflammatory arthritis or spondylitis is found in inflammatory bowel disease. The diseases that can mimic the presentation of RA in the GI system are focused. Hepatotoxicity, esophageal varices, and dysmotility can occur either directly because of RA or as manifestations of rheumatic syndromes, such as Felty's and Sjogren's, secondary to RA.
Thoraxwandrekonstruktion und Totraumobliteration

Vorgestellt wird der Fall eines 61-jahrigen Patienten mit chronischem Thoraxwanddefekt und bronchopleuraler Fistel nach Resektion und mehrmaliger Rezidivresektion eines Desmoidtumors. Die bronchopleurale Fistel wurde mit einer Lungenkeilresektion verschlossen; die partielle Totraumobliteration und Thoraxwandrekonstruktion erfolgte mit Hilfe eines freien kombiniert intra-/extrathorakalen vertikalen M.-rectus-abdominis (VRAM)-Lappens.
Transport properties of an electron gas in a magnetic field: I. The nonoscillatory transport coefficients☆

Abstract The transport equations for an independent electron gas interacting with fixed, but randomly located, scattering centers in the presence of a constant homogeneous external magnetic field have been derived using the Luttinger-Ward propagator formalism. The magnetic field strength H is assumed to be either sufficiently weak that an expansion in the ratio of the magnetic energy ω = |e| H m ( h = C = 1 ) to the chemical potential μ is valid, or sufficiently strong that an expansion in the ratio of n i , the density of scattering centers, to ω may be used. In the first case we have obtained the transport equations satisfied by the first and second order, in both n i and ω μ , terms of a gauge invariant function f k jγ from which the nonoscillatory part of the transport coefficients may be obtained. To the order studied, the usual Wiedemann-Franz relation is obtained. In the strong magnetic field case our results differ in principle from much of the published literature.
Fine Structure of Leukocytes in Infectious Mononucleosis: In Vivo and In Vitro Studies

The peripheral blood mononuclear cell population in patients with heterophile positive infectious mononucleosis is comprised of small and medium sized lymphocytes, monocytes, increased numbers of lymphoid-plasma (LP) cells, and large lymphocytoid cells with abundant polysomes. Cell-lines derived from these patients contain a spectrum of cells of the lymphoid plasma cell series. These cultures are morphologically indistinguishable from Burkitt lymphoma and leukemic suspension cultures. A large portion of the cells present in these continuous suspension cultures have fine structural features similar to phytomitogen stimulated lymphocytes, and to cells implicated in the immune response.
The N* Program at Jefferson Lab - Status and Prospects

I discuss recent results on the electroproduction and photoproduction of mesons in the region of non-strange baryon resonances. Results on the quadrupole transition from the ground state nucleon to the Delta show the importance of the nucleon pion cloud. The excitation of the ''Roper'' N{sub 1/2}{sup +}(1440) is being studied in single pion production, and the excitation of the lowest negative parity state N{sub 1/2}{sup -}(1535) is studied in the p{eta} and in the N{pi} channels. First results on electroproduction of p{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup -} show intriguing resonance structure which seems difficult to explain using known baryon resonance properties. Searches for resonances in KY* and in p{omega} channels also reveal resonance-like behavior. I briefly address a new avenue of N* physics using exclusive deeply virtual Compton scattering, recently measured for the first time at JLAB and at DESY.
"Practical suggestions on facial plastic surgery--how I do it". Sublabial mucosal flap: repair of septal perforations.

The majority of perforations of the nasal septum, regardless of etiology, create little more than an annoyance to the patient. Perf orations commonly may be totally asymptomatic, discovered only on careful nasal examination. It is reasonable to assume, therefore, that only those septal defects creating important symptoms are deserving of repair and correction. Heavy crusting, recalcitrant bleeding and impending or actual loss of dorsal support are justifications for perforation closure. Textbooks and journals abound with suggested varieties of techniques of repair, testifying to the non-effectiveness of any one suitable approach. Local mucosal flaps, turbinate flaps, pedicle skin flaps, and free grafts of skin, dermis, perichondrium, cartilage, and fascia have all been employed with variable results. An inadequate blood supply and unfavorable scarred host bed commonly lead to failure of the above reconstruction methods. In the past five years a horizontal mucosal flap derived from the under-surface of the upper lip has proved reliable and expedient in septal perforation re-epithelialization and closure. The reconstructive procedure is not technically difficult and leads to minimal patient discomfort.
Registered Nurse Peer Evaluation in the Perioperative Setting

ANNUAL PERFORMANCE evaluations can be difficult to prepare and may rely, in part, on anecdotal information. PERIOPERATIVE RNs at CHRISTUS St Patrick Hospital, Lake Charles, La, developed and implemented a peer evaluation as part of nurses' annual performance evaluations. THE EVALUATION FORMS created were considered to be useful and fair by both staff members and managers.
Astroglial cells regulate the developmental timeline of human neurons differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells

Neurons derived from human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) have been used to model a variety of neurological disorders. Different protocols have been used to differentiate hiPSCs into neurons, but their functional maturation process has varied greatly among different studies. Here, we demonstrate that laminin, a commonly used substrate for iPSC cultures, was inefficient to promote fully functional maturation of hiPSC-derived neurons. In contrast, astroglial substrate greatly accelerated neurodevelopmental processes of hiPSC-derived neurons. We have monitored the neural differentiation and maturation process for up to two months after plating hiPSC-derived neuroprogenitor cells (hNPCs) on laminin or astrocytes. We found that one week after plating hNPCs, there were 21-fold more newly differentiated neurons on astrocytes than on laminin. Two weeks after plating hNPCs, there were 12-fold more dendritic branches in neurons cultured on astrocytes than on laminin. Six weeks after plating hNPCs, the Na+ and K+ currents, as well as glutamate and GABA receptor currents, were 3-fold larger in neurons cultured on astrocytes than on laminin. And two months after plating hNPCs, the spontaneous synaptic events were 8-fold more in neurons cultured on astrocytes than on laminin. These results highlight a critical role of astrocytes in promoting neural differentiation and functional maturation of human neurons derived from hiPSCs. Moreover, our data presents a thorough developmental timeline of hiPSC-derived neurons in culture, providing important benchmarks for future studies on disease modeling and drug screening.
Safe introducer technique for pacemaker lead implantation.

Over the last several years, an introducer approach for pacemaker lead insertion has evolved that eliminates most introducer-related complications. The approach consists of defining a safe region for intra thoracic cannulatiort of the subclavian vein. If specific conditions cannot be met for entering the “safe” region or if the vein cannot be found, the subclavian vein is cannulated extrathoracically. Recently, this technique was used in 263 consecutive patients undergoing pacemaker implantation. The infrathoracic portion of the subclavian vein was used in 239 (90.9%) cases and the extrathoracic portion in 24 (9,1%). One hundred and ninety-eight (75.3%) cases were right-sided and 65 (24.7%) were left-sided. On the right side, 177 (89.4%) used the intrathoracic portion of the subclavian vein and 21 (10.6%) used the extrafhoracic portion. On the left side, 62 (95.4%) used the intrathoracic portion and three (4.6%) used the extrathoracic. The introducer technique was successful in all cases and there were no introducer-related complications.
Suppression of renal excretion of fencamfamine in man.

Abstract The renal excretion of fencamfamine and pipradrol after oral administration was followed over several days by measuring the amount of unchanged drug in each urine fraction by gaschromatographic analysis. The biological half-life in man of fencamfamine and pipradrol were approximately 12 and 25 hr respectively. The renal excretion of fencamfamine was completely suppressed over several hours by ingestion of about 10 g sodium bicarbonate. The renal excretion of pipradrol was also suppressed by the same treatment but to a lesser extent. It was concluded that the doping control may lead to false negative results when fencamfamine is used in combination with an alkalising agent. Pharmacokinetics Renal excretion Suppression of elimination Gaschromatography Amphetamines Fencamfamine Biological half-life Doping control Abuse of stimulants
Si-JFET devices and related noise behavior under irradiation

Monolithic N-channel junction field effect transistors (NJFETs) dc characteristics, small signal parameters and noise have been studied from 300 K down to cryogenic temperatures before and after irradiation with 60 Co γ-rays and fast neutrons (1 MeV). Radiation induced effects on dc parameters and noise are reviewed. Noise spectral density measurements performed at various temperatures have shown that the radiation induces a noise increase which is temperature and frequency dependent.
Decreasing Dog Litter Behavioral Consultation to Help a Community Group

The present study describes a collaborative effort between an ad hoc community group and a university-based research team. The community group formed to ameliorate a health and aesthetic problem—na...
Molecular dynamics simulation for liquid water using a polarizable and flexible potential

A molecular dynamics simulation for liquid water at room temperature is reported. A sample of 1000 water molecules has been analyzed with the Nieser–Corongiu–Clementi polarizable potential, to which is added vibrational flexibility. The sample was contained in a cubic box subject to periodic boundary conditions, a cutoff radius of 15.54 A was used in evaluating energies and forces, the long-range interactions were taken into account with the reaction field method, and the integration of the equation of motion has been performed using a sixth-order Gear predictor–corrector algorithm. The simulation, after 35 ps of equilibration time, has been carried out for 10.4 ps with a time step of 1.25 × 10−16 s. The trajectories and velocities, collected in the production phase of the simulation, have been used to compute the geometry of the water molecule within the liquid, thermodynamical quantities, the pair correlation functions, the Dore neutron pair correlation function, X-ray and neutron scattering structure functions, translational, rotational, orientational autocorrelation functions and their Fourier transforms, mean square displacements, diffusion coefficients, and NMR relaxation times. A detailed study on the spectral density is presented, and good agreement is found with the most recent infrared, Raman, and neutron scattering laboratory data. All the simulated properties so far analyzed are in good agreement with experimental data, and, with confidence, we can assess that our ab initio polarizable potential with inclusion of vibrations is the most reliable water potential in today's literature for the description of water.
Eigenmodes of a dilute simple gas in equilibrium

Abstract The eigenmodes of a dilute simple gas described by the spatially inhomogeneous linearized Boltzmann operator are studied. These eigenmodes can be obtained approximately using a finite set of polynomia in the velocity of a molecule. Three approximation methods are compared: the Chapman-Enskog method, the moment method and the Bhatnagar-Gross-Krook method. The implications for the dynamic structure factor for light and neutron scattering are discussed. This factor is dominated by the hydrodynamic modes and their extensions to smaller wave lengths, λ, for λ ≧ 7.5 l 0 and by a Gaussian and its first correction for λ ≦ 1.5 l 0 , where l 0 is the mean free path.
Nucleic Acid Digestion and Macronuclear Form in Cannibal Blepharisma, New York University Strain*

SYNOPSIS. Cannibal giant Blepharisma undulans americanus, NYU strain, grown in mass culture, showed increased numbers of macronuclear lobes and greater variability in their number, compared to the bacteria-fed form. Feulgen and methyl greenpyronin preparations stained both the DNA and RNA of the cannibals and of the ingested forms within the food vacuoles. During the first 3 to 6 hours of digestion, macronucleus and deoxyribonucleic acid disappear from the food vacuole; during the last 6 hours the ribonucleic acid disappears from the food vacuole; DNA and RNA are therefore presumed to be digested and absorbed.
Pain, depression, and health care utilization over time after spinal cord injury.

Objective The aim of this research was to examine comorbid pain and depression after spinal cord injury (SCI) in terms of: frequency, longitudinal course, and associations with medical conditions and use of SCI specialty care. Method Three consecutive standardized annual psychological evaluations were reviewed for 286 persons with SCI receiving care at an SCI specialty care center. Chart abstraction included medical and demographic information, a depression scale, and a pain scale. Administrative databases were used to collect SCI specialty care utilization data. Participants were categorized as having elevated pain, elevated depression, both elevated pain and depression, or neither elevated, using cut-off scores on the pain and depression scales. ANOVA and repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare study groups. Results Approximately 20% of the sample showed both elevated pain and depression at Year 1. Persons with elevated pain and depression showed higher scores on those measures than did persons with either pain or depression alone. Pain scores tended to be stable over time. Depression scores tended to improve over 3 years, but persons with elevated pain and depression showed less improvement on depression scores than did persons with depression alone. Persons with pain and depression tended to utilize more SCI specialty care. Conclusions Pain and depression are often comorbid after SCI. This comorbidity is associated with higher pain and depression severity, more persistent pain and depression over time, and more use of SCI specialty care. Comorbid pain and depression should be anticipated among persons with SCI and addressed in care plans.
Comparison of the association between disease burden and inappropriate medication use across three cohorts of older adults

Abstract Background: Use of potentially inappropriate medications is common in nursing facilities (NFs), in which frail older adults are particularly vulnerable to adverse drug effects. The community-dwelling elderly are generally healthier and have lower overall rates of medication use, but their prescribed medications are not subjected to the same degree of regulatory scrutiny as those of residents in NFs. Frail elderly (FE) adults who are nursing home eligible but are receiving home- and community-based services (HCBS) constitute a distinct group sharing a high disease burden and high levels of medication use with the NF population. Objective: The goal of this study was to examine the relationship between disease burden and inappropriate medication use in these 3 cohorts, with adjustment for demographic and clinical differences. Methods: We performed retrospective analyses of Medicaid claims data from May 2000 through April 2001 to identify 3 cohorts of Kansas Medicaid beneficiaries: community-dwelling older adults (the ambulatory cohort); persons receiving HCBS through the Kansas Frail Elderly Program (the FE cohort); and elderly NF residents (the NF cohort). Demographic, clinical, and medication data were extracted from the Medicaid claims data. Unconditionally inappropriate medications were identified using the 1997 Beers criteria. The Cumulative Illness Rating Scale for Geriatrics was used to calculate the disease burden sum, classified as 0 or 1, 2 or 3, 4 or 5, or ≥6 disease categories. Odds ratios for inappropriate medication use at each level of disease burden in each cohort were derived using multivariable models adjusted for demographic and clinical factors, including overall level of medication use. Results: The final sample included 3185 persons in the 3 cohorts (1163 ambulatory, 858 FE, 1164 NF). Inappropriate medication use was determined to have occurred in 21%, 48%, and 38% of the respective cohorts and was highest in FE cohort members with the greatest disease burden (61%). For the ambulatory and FE cohorts, inappropriate medication use rose as the disease burden increased. The same was not observed in the NF cohort, in whom rates of inappropriate medication use showed little variation regardless of disease burden. Conclusions: The relationship between disease burden and inappropriate medication use varied by setting. Those members of the FE cohort with the highest disease burden had the greatest risk for inappropriate medication use.
Transcatheter Recanalization of Totally Occluded Proximal Pulmonary Arteries and Major Systemic Veins in Patients With Congenital Heart Disease

The purpose of the present study was to assess the results and technical aspects of attempted transcatheter recanalization of occluded pulmonary arteries or major systemic veins from our center. Occluded pulmonary arteries or major systemic veins are often not considered amenable to transcatheter treatment and can be a cause of significant hemodynamic compromise for patients. The records of patients with occluded pulmonary arteries or major systemic veins who underwent cardiac catheterization from April 1997 to February 2011 were reviewed. We identified 18 patients, of whom, 9 had occluded pulmonary arteries and 9 occluded systemic veins. Recanalization was achieved in 17 of the 18 patients (94%). At a median follow-up of 35 months (range 6 months to 12 years), all vessels remained patent. The freedom from reintervention rate in the entire cohort was 61% at 6 months, 35% at 1 year, and 35% at 5 years. Freedom from an unplanned reintervention was 67% at 6 months. Procedural adverse events occurred in 2 patients. One death occurred within 24 hours of the catheterization procedure and 2 late deaths occurred, all unrelated to the procedure. In conclusion, both acute and chronic success at recanalizing the occluded pulmonary arteries and major systemic veins can be achieved using percutaneous techniques. Careful follow-up is needed, because reintervention can be necessary to maintain long-term vessel patency without stenosis.
Control of flapping wing micro-air vehicles using variable stiffness membrane wings

This paper describes a new actuation method for generating control forces and moments on flapping wing micro air vehicles (MAVs) without modifying the flapping kinematics of the wing. These forces and moments are produced by varying the tension of the wing membrane using piezoelectric actuation. The paper details the formulation of a computational model to predict the aerodynamic forces that are produced using this actuation scheme. From this computation the effect of varying the tension on the aerodynamic forces and moments on the wing can be studied. After tuning, this model can be made sufficiently accurate to be used for control design and optimization.