cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A half-loop antenna with dual band-notched characteristics using three parallel line elements

In recent years, we have been confronted with spectrum congestion problems for wireless communication systems. To solve this problem, many techniques have been examined to improve the spectrum efficiency. For instance, it is effective to reduce the adjacent channel interference for increasing the spectrum efficiency. Thus, designing antennas with narrow band or notched band to prevent the interference between a new system and the existing wireless communication systems has become a research topic. In particular, several band-notched antenna designs for ultrawideband (UWB) applications have been reported. Most of the previous works were focused on the single notched band design, while the minorities were concentrated on dual or multiple notched bands design in [1]-[4]. In these papers, the most popular approach is to embed slots in a radiation patch. By adjusting shape, length and position of the slots, the band-notched characteristics at rejected frequencies are generated. The optimization of these parameters is quite effective. However, these approaches are applied only to planar antennas, they therefore have not been examined to line antennas.
Nonlinear pulse propagation in dispersion-decreasing fiber studied with frequency-resolved optical gating

We investigate pulse propagation in a dispersion-decreasing fiber over a wide range of input powers both theoretically, and experimentally using frequency-resolved optical gating. Our simulations and experiments verify significant influence of Raman scattering on pulse propagation.
The Inheritance of Ski Wings in DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER.

Page 406, legend table 8, for "F1 duplex ski ♀ × wild type ♂." read "Backcross, duplex ski ♂ × F1 wild-type
Evasion and disruption of innate immune signalling by hepatitis C and West Nile viruses

Signalling pathways leading to type I interferon production are the first line of defence employed by the host to combat viruses, and represent a barrier that an invading virus must overcome in order to establish infection. In this review we highlight the ability of two members of the Flaviviridae, a globally distributed family of RNA viruses that represent a significant public health concern, to disrupt and evade these defences. Hepatitis C virus is a hepatotropic virus, infecting greater than 170 million people worldwide, while West Nile virus is a neurotropic virus that causes encephalitis in humans and horses. While these viruses cause distinct disease phenotypes, the ability of pathogenic strains to modulate the innate immune response is a key factor in influencing disease outcome. Both viruses have evolved unique strategies to target various aspects of type I interferon induction and signalling in order to prevent viral clearance and to promote virus replication.
Lower postprandial oxidative stress in women compared with men.

Abstract Background: Previous studies indicate that oxidative stress is increased following intake of a high-fat meal, mediated in large part by the triglyceride (TG) response to feeding as well as fasting oxidative stress values. It has been suggested that women may process TG more efficiently after high-fat meals, based on the antilipidemic properties of estrogen. It has also been reported that women present with lower fasting oxidative stress values than do men. It is possible that women experience attenuated postprandial oxidative stress compared with men. Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare the postprandial TG and oxidative stress response after a lipid meal in healthy men and women. Methods: This study was conducted at The University of Memphis in Memphis, Tennessee, from October to December 2008. Blood samples were collected before (in a 10-hour fasted state), and at 1, 2, 4, and 6 hours after ingestion of a lipid load (heavy whipping cream at 1 g · kg−1). Blood samples were analyzed for TG, malondialdehyde (MDA), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and nitrate/nitrite (NOx). The AUC was calculated for each variable and results were compared using a t test. Effect-size calculations were performed using Cohen's d. Results: Samples from 10 men and 10 women, aged 18 to 47 years (17 subjects aged Conclusions: These data indicate that women experience lower oxidative stress than do men, with regard to MDA and H2O2, after ingestion of a lipid load in the form of heavy whipping cream. Considering the strong association between oxidative stress and cardiovascular disease, lower postprandial oxidative stress may be one mechanism associated with decreased risk of cardiovascular disease in women compared with men. Further research is needed to confirm this hypothesis.
City as Spectacle: William Birch's Views and the Chestnut Street Theatre

On 27 March 1805, the Chestnut Street Theatre (CST) in Philadelphia held an unprecedented benefit for its ‘principal scene painter’, the British-born artist John Joseph Holland. 1 The theatre often...
The possibility of generating laser plasmas by photoionization

Abstract The summary of two methods of producing laser plasmas with electron densities of the order of 10 12 /cm 3 and greater via photoionization is presented.
Metabolite Control of Nitrate Reductase Activity in Soybean Seedlings

Summary Nitrogen nutrition was investigated as an affector of nitrate reductase activity in soybean seedlings ( Glycine max var. Williams 82). The activity of the pH 6.5 NADPH-linked, the pH 6.5 NADH-linked, and the pH 7.5 NADH-linked isoforms of nitrate reductase were measured in plants treated with nitrate, glutamine, nitrate and glutamine, and no nitrogen. Nitrate supplied to 10 day old soybeans greatly enhanced primary leaf nitrate reductase activities over a 48 hour period. Plants irrigated with Hoagland's solution without nitrogen had approximately 25 % of the pH 6.5 NADH and NADPH-linked activities of plants supplied with nitrate. The NADH-linked activity at pH 7.5 showed virtually no activity without the addition of nitrate. Plants treated with nitrate and glutamine had nitrate reductase activities intermediate to those of plants treated with nitrate alone and those lacking any nitrate treatment. The concentration of nitrate in these tissues was reduced significantly over those tissues provided only with nitrate. Glutamine supplied as a sole nitrogen source slightly enhanced the pH 6.5 linked nitrate reductase activities compared with plants given no nitrogen. These results support the concept that nitrogen nutrition and nitrogenous metabolites play key roles in the regulation of nitrate reductase activity in soybeans. In addition, they demonstrate that the pH 6.5 linked activities appear less sensitive to the flux of nitrate than the pH 7.5 linked activity.
Binding of DTNB to band 3 in the human red cell membrane.

Abstract Inhibition of red cell water transport by the sulfhydryl reagent 5,5′-dithiobis(2-nitrobenzoic acid) (DTNB) has been reported by Naccache and Sha'afi ((1974) J. Cell Physiol. 84, 449–456) but other investigators have not been able to confirm this observation. Brown et al. ((1975) Nature 254, 523–525) have shown that, under appropriate conditions, DTNB binds only to band 3 in the red cell membrane. We have made a detailed investigation of DTNB binding to red cell membranes that had been treated with the sulfhydryl reagent N -ethylmaleimide (NEM), and our results confirm the observation of Brown et al. Since this covalent binding site does not react with either N -ethylmaleimide or the sulfhydryl reagent pCMBS ( p -chloromercuribenzenesulfonate), its presence has not previously been reported. This covalent site does not inhibit water transport nor does it affect any transport process we have studied. There is an additional low-affinity (non-covalent) DTNB site that Reithmeier ((1983) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 732, 122–125) has shown to inhibit anion transport. In N -ethylmaleimide-treated red cells, we have found that this binding site inhibits water transport and that the inhibition can be partially reversed by the specific stilbene anion exchange transport inhibitor 4,4′-diisothiocyanostilbene-2,2′-disulfonate (DIDS), thus linking water transport to anion exchange. DTNB binding to this low-affinity site also inhibits ethylene glycol and methyl urea transport with the same K I as that for water inhibition, thus linking these transport systems to that for water and anions. These results support the view that band 3 is a principal constituent of the red cell aqueous channel, through which urea and ethylene glycol also enter the cell.
New approaches to understanding tradition and modernity

For Bread With Butter and Family Connections take different approaches about immigrants from diverse backgrounds who settled in communities with widely different economic and social opportunities, but they make similar theoretical contributions that go beyond their immediate subject matter. In different ways both studies reject the polar concepts of tradition and modernity as frameworks for understanding immigrant experience and the transformation of late nineteenthand early twentieth-century America. Neither the authors nor others who question oppositional categories mean to abandon concepts altogether or to replace polar concepts with other constructs that constrain and limit new conceptualizations. Morawska does not abandon the term "tradition," but uses it to refer to customs, perceptions, and attitudes predating the changes in European towns and villages that introduced new aspects of commerce and exchange. She emphasizes that traditional and modern patterns intermingled and existed side by side and that East Central European life was not static but in the process of change. This argument does not reject the concept of tradition in reference to immigrants' European experiences, but points out that previous studies have drawn their analyses from the view that tradition and modernity are exclusive and complementary in the sense that any given situation can be characterized by either but not both. Translated historically, this perspective implies that a society characterized as traditional has no modern dimensions (and vice versa) and that the transformation of traditional societies occurred in stages with the inevitable and predetermined outcome of modernity as exemplified by particular Western industrialized societies. Rejection of this model is central to studies of preindustrial societies that examine long-range changes in the context of a world economy and challenge sharp distinctions between prein-
Interaction Between Russian Wheat Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae) and Resistant and Susceptible Genotypes of Wheat

Interaction between the Russian wheat aphid, Diuraphis noxia (Mordvilko), and the resistant wheat, Triticum aestivum L., plant introduction lines PI 137739, PI 140207, and PI 262660 and the susceptible wheat cultivar ‘Stephens’ were studied. D. noxia reproductive rate and population development were higher when fed on Stephens compared with the resistant genotypes. Reproductive rate of D. noxia decreased as aphid density and length of aphid time on plant increased. Whereas, D. noxia populations increased with increasing aphid densities and length of aphid time on plant. Although the populations of D. noxia were lower when fed resistant genotypes. total chlorophyll content was reduced compared with the susceptible genotype. This could have been caused by increased aphid probing activity on resistant genotypes. There was no significant difference between the antibiotic line PI 140207 and the tolerant line PI 262660 in aphid reproductive rate, population density or reduction in leaf chlorophyll content. Expression of several polypeptides were altered by D. noxia feeding on PI 137739 and Stephens. Three polypeptides of sizes ≈32, 33, and 35 k were enhanced in PI 137739 but not in Stephens. Involvement of these proteins in plant defense is discussed.
Intraspecific variation in hair δ13C and δ15N values of ring‐tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) with known individual histories, behavior, and feeding ecology

Stable carbon and nitrogen isotope compositions were analyzed from hair samples of 30 sympatric ring-tailed lemurs (Lemur catta) inhabiting the Beza Mahafaly Special Reserve, Madagascar. All lemurs were known individuals involved in a longitudinal study, which allowed us to explore the degree to which group membership, sex, health status, and migration influenced their stable isotope compositions. The differences in delta(13)C and delta(15)N values between groups were small (<1.5 per thousand) but highly significant. In fact, each group was tightly clustered, and discriminant function analysis of the stable isotope data assigned individuals to the group in which they were originally collared with over 90% accuracy. In general, the differences between groups reflected the degree to which they utilized forested versus open habitats. As open habitats at Beza Mahafaly often correspond to areas of anthropogenic disturbance, these data suggest that isotopic data can be useful for addressing questions of lemur conservation. There were few sex differences, but significant differences did occur between individuals of normal and suboptimal health, with those in poor health (especially those in the worst condition) being enriched in (15)N and to a lesser degree (13)C compared with healthy individuals. Moreover, lemurs that had emigrated between 2003 and 2004 had different delta(13)C and delta(15)N compositions than their original groups.
RESPONSE: CONTINUITY IN NES STUDIES

If the subjects of our inquiries-the parties, issues, and candidates of each election period-were not so given to change, and if the theoretical and methodological foundations of our inquiries were not almost equally in flux, a straightforward replication of measurements through time might be relatively easy to achieve in sustaining the ongoing study of American national elections. Such is not the case. Those who design each new NES data collection are bombarded by a multitude of claims based in theoretical developments, improvements in instrumentation, changes in the electoral setting, and the emergence of new candidates promoting fresh issues. In the face of all these changes, perfect continuity in the details of the NES collections is neither realistic nor desirable. Nevertheless, we share with Professor Abramson a deep concern for over-time analysis and appreciate the careful job he has done in documenting a decline in the sheer number of questions from early Michigan studies that are repeated in identical form in current NES data collections. In some respects, we take his report as a compliment: we are pleased that the study documentation we try so hard to make both comprehensive and accessible has enabled him to pinpoint discontinuities in question wording and format. Such discontinuities will not be news to diligent readers of the regularly updated Continuity Guide to the American National Election Studies, produced by the Center for Political Studies and distributed by the ICPSR, nor to careful users of the recently published Data Sourcebook for the American National Election Studies, 1952-1986 (Harvard University Press, 1989). Both the Continuity Guide and the new Data Sourcebook corroborate Abramson's conclusion regarding the frustration likely to be experienced by researchers interested in tracing the evolution of public opinion on matters of government policy. Still, we seem to differ with Abramson over how to establish the comparability of measures. Continuity in survey measures cannot be assured through mechanical repetition of questions, word-for-word as
Investigating robustness of interatomic potentials with universal interface

We present a set of Python routines to perform basic tests of classical atomistic potentials and their example applications. These routines are implemented using universal Atomic Simulation Environment (ASE) and LAMMPS molecular dynamics code. ASE is utilized to create atomic configurations, to write input scripts for LAMMPS, and to read results from output files. Evaluated properties are formation energies and volumes of simple point defects (vacancies, substitutions, and interstitials), formation energies of basic surfaces, heats of formation of simple binary compounds, and elastic constants. The flexibility of LAMMPS allows easy switching between different semi-empirical potentials, while the universality of ASE allows to compare results with a variety of electronic structure codes.
Formation of a Complex between Nucleolin and Replication Protein a after Cell Stress Prevents Initiation of DNA Replication

We used a biochemical screen to identify nucleolin, a key factor in ribosome biogenesis, as a high-affinity binding partner for the heterotrimeric human replication protein A (hRPA). Binding studies in vitro demonstrated that the two proteins physically interact, with nucleolin using an unusual contact with the small hRPA subunit. Nucleolin significantly inhibited both simian virus 40 (SV-40) origin unwinding and SV-40 DNA replication in vitro, likely by nucleolin preventing hRPA from productive interaction with the SV-40 initiation complex. In vivo, use of epifluorescence and confocal microscopy showed that heat shock caused a dramatic redistribution of nucleolin from the nucleolus to the nucleoplasm. Nucleolin relocalization was concomitant with a tenfold increase in nucleolin–hRPA complex formation. The relocalized nucleolin significantly overlapped with the position of hRPA, but only poorly with sites of ongoing DNA synthesis. We suggest that the induced nucleolin–hRPA interaction signifies a novel mechanism that represses chromosomal replication after cell stress.
Histological healing following surgical endodontics and its implications in case assessment: a case report.

Summary Following extraction of a symptomatic mandibular premolar which had been subjected to two periradicular surgical procedures, significant apical healing was identified histologically. The implications of these findings are discussed in relation to contemporary advocated treatment regimens, case assessment, and interpretation for success and failure.
A Survey of Neotropical Chironomidae (Diptera) on San Salvador Island, Bahamas

Chironomidae (Diptera) are among the most diverse and widespread aquatic insects, with approximately 5,500 species described. However, prior to the present work, only 4 species of Chironomidae were reported from the Bahamas. The goal of our study was to provide basic species data on the Chironomidae of San Salvador Island. In March of 2012, a variety of aquatic habitats representing fresh to saline waters were sampled for chironomid larvae and pupal exuviae. Twelve species were found: Chironomus Meigen (3 morphospecies), Dicrotendipes sp. A sensu Epler, Polypedilum ( Tripodura ) scalaenum group (1 morphospecies), Goeldichironomus fluctuans Reiss , Tanytarsus mendax Kieffer, Tanytarsus cf. confusus Malloch, Ablabesmyia ( Sartaia ) metica Roback, Labrundinia maculata Roback, Paramerina anomala Beck & Beck, and Djalmabatista pulchra (Johannsen). All of these are new records for the Bahamas, with Tanytarsus mendax and Paramerina anomala new for the Neotropical region. Chironomidae (Diptera) se encuentran entre los mas diversos y generalizados insectos acuaticos, con aproximadamente 5500 especies descritas. Sin embargo, antes del presente trabajo, solo se reportaron 4 especies de Chironomidae de las Bahamas. El objetivo de nuestro estudio fue proveer datos basicos sobre las especies de Chironomidae de la isla de San Salvador. En marzo del 2012, se tomaron muestras de las larvas y las exuvias de la pupa de los quironomidos en una gran variedad de habitats acuaticos que representan aguas frescas y aguas salinas. Se encontraron doce especies: Chironomus Meigen (3 morfoespecies), Dicrotendipes sp. A sensu Epler, Polypedilum ( Tripodura ) grupo scalaenum (1 morfoespecies), Goeldichironomus fluctuans Reiss, Tanytarsus mendax Kieffer, Tanytarsus cf. confusus Malloch, Ablabesmyia ( Sartaia ) metica Roback, Labrundinia maculata Roback, Paramerina anomala Beck & Beck y Djalmabatista pulchra (Johannsen). Todos estos son nuevos registros para las Bahamas, con Tanytarsus mendax y Paramerina anomala nuevos registros para la region Neotropical. View this article in BioOne
Intelligent agents to support information sharing in B2B E-marketplaces

This article proposes an architecture to support information and knowledge exchange between collaborating business partners. The focus is on knowledge representation and exchange by intelligent agents to support collaborative business functions through agents that exchange problem-specific information in standardized formats. The article then shows the application of the proposed architecture in the context of an infomediary-based B2B E-marketplace.
Formation of extracellular amino acids and peptides in penicillin fermentations.

Abstract The penicillin-producing mold, W49-133, excreted about 0.4 g./ml. of soluble organic nitrogen when grown in a synthetic medium. Most of the nitrogen was released during the first 24 hr. of growth and equalled about 25% of that contained in the mycelium. When penicillin reached its maximum, the soluble organic nitrogen was from 20 to 25 times that contained in the penicillin. Penicillin production was associated with a mycelium high in nitrogen at the beginning of its formation and low in nitrogen at the end of this period. The change in composition was compensated for by an increase in dry weight. Peptides and proteins precipitable by tungstic acid accounted for about 40% of the soluble organic nitrogen. The precipitate and filtrate of samples taken in the middle of the penicillin-producing period were hydrolyzed and analyzed for 16 amino acids. In the filtrate the range was from 0.05 mmole/l. of cystine to 1.7 mmoles of serine. In the precipitate, β-alanine was the lowest (0.03 mmole/l.) and α-alanine was the highest (0.59 mmole/l.). About 55% of the soluble organic nitrogen was accounted for by the 16 amino acids. Coenzyme A accounted for about 75% of the β-alanine in the mycelium at the beginning of penicillin formation but only about 10% at its close. No coenzyme A was found in the cell-free medium.
MACRONUTRIENT (MN) PREFERENCES IN PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME (PWS), NORMAL WEIGHT& OBESE CONTROLS. † 852

MACRONUTRIENT (MN) PREFERENCES IN PRADER-WILLI SYNDROME (PWS), NORMAL WEIGHT& OBESE CONTROLS. † 852
A molecular sensor for the baroreceptor reflex

The reflex that provides rapid neural control of blood pressure is triggered by an unknown molecular pressure sensor. ASIC2, an ion channel in a family that includes a mechanosensor from C. elegans , is shown by Lu et al. in this issue of Neuron to be critical for this reflex in mice, perhaps because ASIC2 is the elusive pressure sensor.
An analysis of tubular gland morphogenesis in chick oviduct

Abstract The administration of estrogen to immature chicks results in the formation of cytoplasmic filaments ranging from 35 to 50 A in diameter in oviduct epithelial cells. A few filaments first appear associated with patches of electron-dense material in the apical cytoplasm after 6 hours of estrogen administration. By 24 hr of treatment, large bundles of filaments lie parallel to the apical membranes of many cells. At the same time, small localized depressions occur in the epithelial surface, signaling the beginning of gland formation. Many glands are seen bulging into the stroma by 36 hr of estrogen treatment. Cytochalasin B treatment of oviducts early in gland formation results in the disappearance of such early glands. Moreover, apical filaments are no longer present. When estrogen-induced mitosis is depressed by hydroxyurea, apical filaments appear and luminal invaginations of the epithelium occur as in the controls. Despite this normality of initial gland morphogenesis, development then stops and outgrowth into the stroma does not take place. Cell division is probably necessary for that process.
PTEN signaling pathways in melanoma

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted in from chromosome ten (PTEN), initially also known as mutated in multiple advanced cancers or TGF-beta-regulated and epithelia cell-enriched phosphatase, is a tumor suppressor gene that is mutated in a large fraction of human melanomas. A broad variety of human cancers carry PTEN alterations, including glioblastomas, endometrial, breast, thyroid and prostate cancers. The PTEN protein has at least two biochemical functions: it has both lipid phosphatase and protein phosphatase activity. The lipid phosphatase activity of PTEN decreases intracellular PtdIns(3,4,5)P(3) level and downstream Akt activity. Cell-cycle progression is arrested at G1/S, mediated at least partially through the upregulation of the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor p27. In addition, agonist-induced apoptosis is mediated by PTEN, through the upregulation of proapoptotic machinery involving caspases and BID, and the downregulation of antiapoptotic proteins such as Bcl2. The protein phosphatase activity of PTEN is apparently less central to its involvement in tumorigenesis. It is involved in the inhibition of focal adhesion formation, cell spreading and migration, as well as the inhibition of growth factor-stimulated MAPK signaling. Therefore, the combined effects of the loss of PTEN lipid and protein phosphatase activity may result in aberrant cell growth and escape from apoptosis, as well as abnormal cell spreading and migration. In melanoma, PTEN loss has been mostly observed as a late event, although a dose-dependent loss of PTEN protein and function has been implicated in early stages of tumorigenesis as well. In addition, loss of PTEN and oncogenic activation of RAS seem to occur in a reciprocal fashion, both of which could cooperate with CDKN2A loss in contribution to melanoma tumorigenesis.
Time-variant regularization in affine projection algorithms

We propose a time-variant regularization in affine projection algorithms, where we update the regularization parameter with a gradient method using a momentum term parametrized by a momentum rate. To further improve the convergence properties of the algorithm in transient stages while ensuring a small final misadjustment, we adaptively estimate the momentum parameter. Then, we prove both the weak and strong convergence of the adaptive regularization. We apply the newly proposed algorithm to water quality data for prediction purposes, where we show that the developed algorithm outperforms existing time-varying regularization approaches.
Autecology and clonal variability of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira rotula (Bacillariophyceae) in response to light, temperature and salinity

The influence of 49 combinations of salinity (10–40‰ S, at 5‰ S intervals) and temperature (0°–30°C, at 5C° intervals) on the maximum daily division rate (K) and 18 combinations of light intensity (six levels) and temperature (5°, 15°, and 25°C) on photosynthesis, cell division, and chlorophyll a was examined using two clones of Thalassiosira rotula Meunier isolated from the upwelling area of Baja California (clone C8) and from Narragansett Bay, Rhode Islands (clone A8). Physiological differences appear to characterize these to clones with regard to their temperature tolerance (C8 5°–30°C, A8 0°–25°C), maximum growth rate (C8 K=2.9, A8 K=2.4), chlorophyll a content, and in the rates of growth and photosynthesis in response to light intensity and temperature. Optimum salinity for both clones (25–30‰ S) was generally independent of temperature, while chlorophyll a content decreased with temperature. T. rotula is a cosmopolitan paractic species; experimental studies indicate that it is eurythermal and moderately euryhaline. Comparison of five additional Narragansett Bay isolates of T. rotula reveal minimal spacial or temporal variability in genetically determined physiological characteristics within this local population.
Fair, Flexible and Feasible ISP Billing

The 95th percentile method for calculating a customer's billable transit volume has been the industry standard used by transit providers for over a decade due to its simplicity. We recently showed [1] that 95th percentile billing can be unfair, in that it does not reflect a customer's contribution to the provider's peak load. The 95th percentile method is also inflexible, as it does not allow a provider to offer incentives to customers that contribute minimally to the provider's peak load. In this paper we propose a new transit billing optimization framework that is fair, flexible and computationally inexpensive. Our approach is based on the Provision Ratio, a metric that estimates the contribution of a customer to the provider's peak traffic. The proposed mechanism has fairness properties similar to the optimal (in terms of fairness) Shapley value allocation, with a much smaller computational complexity.
SSPM-based high-speed infrared photometer for astronomy

We describe the design, operation, and performance of a new high-speed infrared photometer using the solid-state photomultiplier (SSPM) detector. The SSPM was developed by Rockwell International Science Center and has single-photon counting capability over the 0.4 - 28 micron wavelength range, intrinsic time response of order 1 ns, and low detector noise (Petroff, et al., 1987). We have operated a 200 X 200-micron back-illuminated SSPM in a liquid-helium cooled dewar with a room-temperature transimpedance amplifier output. Single photon pulses can be easily distinguished above the amplifier noise. The individual photon pulses are binned at a selectable time resolution ranging from 5 microsecond(s) to 64 ms, and then written to Exabyte tape. In the first astronomical application of such a device, we have made observations of the Crab Nebula pulsar and Her X-1 at near-infrared wavelengths (J-, H- , and K-bands), and we present the instrument sensitivities established by these observations. We discuss other astronomical observations which are either planned or currently underway. Finally, we present design specifications and predicted performances for a second-generation SSPM high-speed infrared photometer.
Data Management for Libraries: A Lita Guide

Laura Krier and Carly A. Strasser. Chicago, IL: ALA TechSource, 2014, 104 pp., ISBN: 978-1-55570-969-3, $58.00.Data Management for Libraries is not just another book about institutional repositorie...
Green Extension and Traffic Detection Schemes at Signalized Intersections

This paper provides analyses of green extensions associated with two vehicle detection schemes for actuated signal control: the current single-channel detection and the emerging lane-by-lane detection. The current single-channel detection has all detectors across all lanes on a particular approach providing a single input to a signal phase. Lane-by-lane detection, however, monitors headways and gaps on a lane-by-lane basis. A simulation model was developed to analyze both detection schemes. With the simulation model, green extensions by the two detection schemes were compared over a wide range of traffic scenarios. On the basis of study results, it was found that the two detection schemes do not produce significantly different green extensions under normal traffic flow conditions. For the various factors examined, maximum allowable headway (also passage time) is found to be more sensitive compared with other factors such as arrival headway patterns and lane volume distribution. Although the difference between the two detection schemes in average green extension is generally minimal, large differences do exist among certain cycles, and the actual impact on signal operations could be more significant; this would need further evaluation with other standard traffic simulation models.
Development of a radiant heating and cooling model for building energy simulation software

Efficient radiant heating and cooling systems are promising technologies in slashing energy bills and improving occupant thermal comfort in buildings with low-energy demands such as houses and residential buildings. However, the thermal performance of radiant systems in buildings has not been fully understood and accounted for in currently available building energy simulation software. The challenging tasks to improve the applicability of radiant systems are the development of an accurate prediction model and its integration in the energy simulation software. This paper addresses the development of a semi-analytical model for radiant heating and cooling systems for integration in energy simulation software that use the one-dimensional numerical modeling to calculate the heat transfer within the building construction assemblies. The model combines the one-dimensional numerical model of the energy simulation software with a two-dimensional analytical model. The advantage of this model over the one-dimensional one is that it accurately predict the contact surface temperature of the circuit-tubing and the adjacent medium, required to compute the boiler/chiller power, and the minimum and maximum ceiling/floor temperatures, required for moisture condensation (ceiling cooling systems), thermal comfort (heating floor systems) and controls. The model predictions for slab-on-grade heating systems compared very well with the results from a full two-dimensional numerical model.
Affinity adsorption of adsorbates into spherical monodisperse and bidisperse porous perfusive and purely diffusive adsorbent particles packed in a column. Parameter estimation in the Laplace transform domain

A novel mathematical method for parameter estimation is proposed and used to estimate in the Laplace transform domain the values of the parameters that characterize the mechanisms of intraparticle diffusion and convection in spherical perfusive or purely diffusive adsorbent particles with a monodisperse or with a bidisperse porous structure when the adsorbent particles are packed in a column. The parameter estimation method in the Laplace transform domain presented in this work is significantly simpler, easier to use and dramatically faster than the conventional parameter estimation procedure in the time domain, which requires the repeated numerical solution of the partial differential equations that describe the dynamic behaviour of the adsorption of an adsorbate in a column. Furthermore, since the value(s) of the parameter(s) that characterize the diffusional mass transfer mechanism(s) in the porous adsorbent particles is independent of the mode of operation, then the value(s) of the effective pore diffusion coefficient(s) determined by the mathematical method presented in this work could be used to describe the diffusional mass transfer rate of the adsorbate in operational modes other (finite bath (batch) operation, periodic countercurrent column operation, fluidized bed operation) than fixed-bed column operation.
Effects of disorder on the formation of coherence in a heavy-fermion alloy

Abstract We study the formation of the coherent state by investigating the density of states of a heavy-fermion alloy as a function of the concentration of Ce-ions. For simplicity, we consider an orbitally nondegenerate f-band hybridized with one conduction band in one dimension. The high correlations among the f electrons on the Ce-sites are introduced by excluding the double occupation of the f level by means of slave bosons treated within the mean-field approximation. The local densities of states are obtained for several concentrations by solving the one-dimensional mean-field slave-boson alloy problem exactly using a decimation technique.
Adaptating American adult-education methods in lesotho

This article deals with a project sponsored by the US Agency for International Development that was designed to transfer American adult-education techniques to the developing nation of Lesotho in southern Africa. The goal of the transfer was to improve the quality of education in Lesotho at the primary-school level by creating a nation-wide program to improve teacher skills. Intensive, after-hours, in-country, college-level training was offered to the country's teachers. Although this approach is common in developed countries, it was a first-time innovative technique for Lesotho. More than 400 primary school teachers participated in the program. The transfer was initially difficult to implement because of a lack of institutional and governmental interest and a “gap” between project implementation requirements and the Ministry of Education's management capacity. A contingency approach was developed that partially bypassed local institutions. In the short term, the project has succeeded in producing 334 “graduates” and in raising the level of local interest.
The nerve impulse in the axon--a new theory.

The Classical Theory of function in the nervous system postulates that the nerve impulse is the result of a sequential reversal of the membrane potential due to an increased permeability of the membrane, first to sodium ions, then to potassium ions. The new theory presents a bio-physical model which depicts the nerve impulse as an event involving the motions of electrons and waves, and their interactions with sodium and potassium atoms and ions. The velocity of the nerve impulse (the most important parameter of nerve function) is determined by the product of two constants: c = the speed of light, which is a constant for all nerves; k =a constant for each nerve and is believed to be a specific property of nerve matter related in some way to the atomic process. The theory proposes that the nerve impulse in the axon is ‘dualistic’ in nature (particles and waves play equally significant roles). The dualistic nature accounts for the three most fundamental characteristics of conduction of the nerve impulse: periodicity (conduction of a nerve impulse over long distances with constant velocity and form); non-summing (two nerve impulses cannot be in the same place at the same time); ‘quantum nature’ of each nerve impulse — i.e., the unit message of the nerve impulse is an indivisible unit.
Intensity redistribution for multiconjugate adaptive optics

Multi-Conjugate Adaptive-Optical (MCAO) systems have been proposed as a means of compensating both intensity and phase aberrations in a beam propagating through strong-scintillation environments. Progress made on implementing a MCAO system at the Starfire Optical Range (SOR), Air Force Research Laboratory, Kirtland AFB, is discussed. As a preliminary step toward controlling a two deformable mirror (DM) system, the First-stage Intensity Redistribution Experiment (FIRE) examines one aspect of an MCAO system-control and compensation of wavefront intensity. Two wavefront sensors (WFS) and a single DM are employed for this experiment. One WFS is placed conjugate to the DM while the second WFS is located at a distance which produces a desired Fresnel number for the propagation between the WFSs. The WFS measurements are input to a Gerchberg-Saxton based control algorithm in order to determine the DM commands. The phase pattern introduced by the DM is chosen so propagation along the path between the two WFSs produces a desired intensity profile at the second WFS. The second WFS is also used to determine the accuracy of the intensity redistribution and measure its effects on the wavefront phase. In the next phase of MCAO development, a second DM will be added conjugate to the second WFS in order to correct the remaining phase aberrations. This paper presents the setup and operation for FIRE along with initial laboratory results.
The environmental protection agency's regulatory practices: The impact of a holistic approach

Necessite de pratiques reglementaires integrees. projet d'integration des toxiques: approche par composes chimiques, par industries et par situations geographiques. Projet de revision statutaire
Compensated deleterious mutations in insect genomes.

Relatively little is known about the importance of amino acid interactions in protein and phenotypic evolution. Here we examine whether mutations that are pathogenic in Drosophila melanogaster become fixed via epistasis in other Dipteran genomes. Overall divergence at pathogenic amino acid sites is reduced. However, ∼10% of the substitutions at these sites carry the exact same pathogenic amino acid found in D. melanogaster mutants. Hence compensatory mutation(s) must have evolved. Surprisingly, the fraction 10% is not affected by phylogenetic distance. These results support a selection-driven process that allows compensated amino acid substitutions to become rapidly fixed in taxa with large populations.
A 2.5 µm pitch CMOS active pixel sensor in 65 nm technology for Electron Microscopy

This work presents the design and characterization of a monolithic active pixel sensor manufactured in a commercial 65 nm CMOS process. The chip is the first prototype of our third generation development of CMOS pixel sensors as direct detectors for Transmission Electron Microscopy, and follows previous designs manufactured in 0.35 μm and 0.18 μm processes. The sensor features square pixels of 2.5 μm pitch, arrayed on a 400×400 pixel matrix and subdivided in four sections implementing different layouts for the charge collecting diode and the readout transistors. The paper will present results from the characterization performed in the laboratory and in an electron microscope, including the evaluation of the sensor performance after irradiation to a 200 Mrad dose, and compare them to those obtained on the previous sensors.
Systemic lupus erythematosus: considerations for a genetic approach

There is powerful evidence suggesting that etiology and pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus has both genetic and environmental components. Unfortunately, understanding the genetics of lupus has been impeded by knowing the pattern of inheritance. Indeed, a complex mode of inheritance for the lupus disease phenotype is suggested by the known characteristics of this disorder. Twenty-five multiplex pedigrees for lupus have been enrolled and have been used to evaluate power to reveal linkage. The power to find linkage in these pedigrees is greater for autosomal recessive than for autosomal dominant modes of inheritance. Once 100 similar pedigrees are available for analysis our results predict that linkage is likely to be present for genetic models with relatively relaxed requirements. At loci operating by autosomal recessive inheritance linkage should be detectable despite genetic homogeneity as low as 40% and penetrance as low as 50%. For loci operating by autosomal dominant inheritance genetic homogeneity must be 60% or more when penetrance is as low as 50% to be able to establish linkage. Available preliminary data are also consistent with a possible genetic linkage of FCgammaRIIIpmn with lupus in American Black pedigrees multiplex for lupus. J Invest Dermatol 103:144S-149S, 1994
Nonlinear mathematical modeling of butterfly valves driven by solenoid actuators

This paper describes high fidelity modeling and analysis of the opening and closing processes of butterfly valves driven by solenoid actuators using multiphysics models. The equations are derived and solved numerically. The variable of primary interest is the butterfly valve rotation angle. The coupled model for electromagnetics, fluid dynamics and mechanical dynamics are derived by making some simplifying assumptions. It is shown that the behavior of hydrodynamic torque plays an important role in the closing and opening processes. A discussion is presented with an explanation of the results and a comparison has been made for both the processes.
Tebuconazole dissipation and metabolism in Tifton loamy sand during laboratory incubation

The fungicide tebuconazole is widely used to control soil-borne and foliar diseases in peanuts and other crops. No published data are currently available on the extent and rate at which this compound degrades in soil. Unpublished data summarized in registration documents suggest that the compound is persistent, with 300-600 days half-life. We conducted a 63-day laboratory incubation to evaluate tebuconazole's dissipation kinetics and impact on soil microbial activity in Tifton loamy sand. Tifton soils support extensive peanut production in the Atlantic Coastal Plain region of Georgia and Alabama. Products containing tebuconazole are applied to an estimated 50% of the peanut acreage in the region. At the end of the incubation, 43 (+/-42)% of the parent compound was recovered in soil extracts. The first-order kinetic model, which gave a good fit to the dissipation data (r2 = 0.857), yielded a soil half-life (t1/2) of 49 days. This is 6-12 times more rapid than t1/2 values described in unpublished tebuconazole registration documents. Four degradates were identified. Tentative structural assignments indicated that degradates were derived from hydroxylation of the parent compound and/or chlorophenyl ring cleavage. Cleavage products showed a steady increase during the incubation, and on a molar basis were equal to 63% of the time zero tebuconazole concentration. No significant effect on soil microbial biomass was observed, indicating that when the compound is applied at normal agronomic rate it does not impact soil metabolic activity. Use of the soil-half life data derived in this study should improve the accuracy oftebuconazole fate assessments for Coastal Plain peanut production. The study also indicated that environmental assessment of selected degradates may be needed to fully evaluate risks of tebuconazole use.
Experimental Johne's disease in cattle.

Summary The lesions and clinical syndrome of Johne's disease may be reproduced in cattle by the intravenous inoculation or oral administration of 100 mg. of recently isolated culture of M. johnei to young calves. Calves so infected excrete M. johnei in their faeces for many months before clinical signs of the disease become apparent or the organisms can be demonstrated microscopically. M. johnei may be recovered in culture, not only from the intestine and its associated lymph nodes but also from many of the other tissues of clinical cases of Johne's disease in cattle.
ATMOSPHERIC IMAGING ASSEMBLY MULTITHERMAL LOOP ANALYSIS: FIRST RESULTS

The Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) on board the Solar Dynamics Observatory has state-of-the-art spatial resolution and shows the most detailed images of coronal loops ever observed. The series of coronal filters peak at different temperatures, which span the range of active regions. These features represent a significant improvement over earlier coronal imagers and make AIA ideal for multithermal analysis. Here, we targeted a 171 A coronal loop in AR 11092 observed by AIA on 2010 August 3. Isothermal analysis using the 171-to-193 ratio gave a temperature of log T ≈ 6.1, similar to the results of Extreme ultraviolet Imaging Spectrograph (EIT) and TRACE. Differential emission measure analysis, however, showed that the plasma was multithermal, not isothermal, with the bulk of the emission measure at log T > 6.1. The result from the isothermal analysis, which is the average of the true plasma distribution weighted by the instrument response functions, appears to be deceptively low. These results have potentially serious implications: EIT and TRACE results, which use the same isothermal method, show substantially smaller temperature gradients than predicted by standard models for loops in hydrodynamic equilibrium and have been used as strong evidence in support of footpoint heating models. These implications may have to be re-examined in the wake of new results from AIA.
Influence of leaf morphology and optical properties on leaf temperature and survival in three mediterranean shrubs

Abstract Three Mediterranean shrubs, Salvia triloba, Cistus salviifolius and Cistus incanus , which grow side by side in the same habitat and differ in their leaf morphology and behaviour, were compared. The main cause for the differences in the appearance of the leaves lies in the higher light absorption in S. triloba and C. incanus compared with C. salviifolius . The amount of light absorbed is related to the presence or absence of leaf pubescence. As transpiration cannot overcome the heat load during the summer, alternative mechanisms have evolved in these plants. These mechanisms are: (1) A decrease in surface area through production of smaller leaves; (2) A decrease in surface area by the folding of leaf margins; (3) A difference in leaf properties caused by different hair densities: a sparse cover on the adaxial side and a dense cover on the abaxial surface, coupled with an ability to expose the abaxial side under conditions of water stress.