cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
In Situ Characterization of Polymer–Fullerene Bilayer Stability

A consensus is emerging that mixed phases are present in bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices. Significant insights into the mixed phases have come from bilayer stability measurements, in which an initial sample consisting of material pure layers of donor and acceptor is thermally treated, resulting in swelling of one layer by the other. We present a comparative study of the stability of polymer/fullerene bilayers using two common OPV polymer donors poly(3-hexylthiophene), P3HT, and poly[N-9′-heptadecanyl-2,7-carbazole-alt-5,5-(4′,7′-di-2-thienyl-2′,1′,3′-benzothiadiazole)], PCDTBT, and four fullerene acceptors phenyl-C61-butyric acid methyl ester, phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester, [60]PCBM bis-adduct, and indene C60 bis-adduct. Using in situ spectroscopic ellipsometry to characterize the quasi-steady state behavior of the films, we find that the polymer glass transition temperature (Tg) is critical to the bilayer stability, with no significant changes occurring below Tg of the high ...
Effects of repeated urea dilution measurement on feedlot performance and consistency of estimated body composition in steers of different breed types.

Steers (20 Bos indicus cross [BIX] and 20 Bos taurus cross [BTX]) were randomly assigned to a 2x2 factorial experiment within two weight blocks per treatment 1) to study the effects of repeated urea dilution (UD) measurement on feedlot performance and 2) to determine the consistency of estimated body composition in steers of different breed types. Weights were taken on d 0, 42, 84, 126, and 140. Urea dilution was determined on half of the pens in the experiment, and ultrasonic measurement of backfat (BF) was performed on all cattle on d 0, 42, 84, and 126. Pen means of all performance variables were used in the analysis of variance. Carcass data were analyzed on an individual basis. Within periods, ADG was inconsistent between controls and steers on which UD was determined (1.95 vs 2.03, 1.61 vs 1.28, 1.51 vs 1.71, and 1.77 vs 1.47 kg, P = .23, .02, .09, and .11, respectively, for Periods 1, 2, 3, and 4, SEM = .07). Overall, UD had no effect (control vs UD, respectively) on ADG (1.70 vs 1.68 kg, P = .77, SEM = .07), DMI (8.26 vs 8.03 kg, P = .69, SEM = .36), gain efficiency (207 vs 209 g BW gain/kg DMI, P = .78, SEM = 2.34), hot carcass weight (HCWT; 360 vs 358 kg, P = .90, SEM = 2.52), or percentage of estimated carcass fat, (ECF; 38.8 vs 37.0%, P = .61, SEM = 1.05). Breed types (BIX vs BTX, respectively) had similar ADG (1.74 vs 1.64 kg, P = .27, SEM = .14), DMI (7.96 vs 8.30 kg, P = .50, SEM = .36), backfat thickness (16.4 vs 15.0 mm, P = .30, SEM = .45), and ECF (38.9% vs 36.6%, P = .48, SEM = 2.01). Urea dilution estimated empty body fat values increased with days on feed (14.4+/-1.36; 22.7+/-1.47; 26.0+/-1.36; 30.4+/-1.47%, respectively, for d 0, 42, 84, and 126). Using yield grade factors to calculate ECF consistently produced a value that was higher than empty body fat determined by UD (UDEBF) 14 d prior to slaughter (36.9+/-1.73 vs 30.4%+/-0.17). Significant correlation coefficients were found for the pooled data between UDEBF vs BF, r = .84; UDEBF vs live weight, r = .99; UDEBF vs ECF, r = .82; and UDEBF vs percentage of carcass protein, r = -.99. This study demonstrated that there are no detrimental effects of the urea dilution procedure on performance characteristics of feedlot cattle. Beef cattle of different breed types may be accurately evaluated with urea dilution.
Treatment of Urinary Tract Infections with Varying Regimens of Sulfisoxazole

Four therapeutic regimens of sulfisoxazole were compared and contrasted with the antibody-coated bacteria test in patients with acute urinary tract infections. Of 158 college coeds who entered the study 146 completed the randomly assigned regimen. All 146 patients received 2 gm. sulfisoxazole initially and 1 gm. 4 times daily for 3 days in 44 patients (group 1), 7 days in 51 (group 2), 14 days in 29 (group 3) and 21 days in 22 (group 4). The presumptive sites of infection by the antibody-coated bacteria test were kidney (positive test) in 43 per cent of the patients and bladder (negative test) in 51.3 per cent. There was no correlation between the results of the antibody-coated bacteria test with either the presenting symptoms or the therapeutic responses. The bacteriologic cure rates at 2 days after therapy were 100 per cent in all groups and at 4 weeks after therapy they were 88.6 per cent in group 1, 86.3 per cent in group 2, 86.2 per cent in group 3 and 91 per cent in group 4. A 3-day course of sulfisoxazole was as effective as the longer regimens.
Phospholipase A2 of Mammalian Cells

This chapter continues with the theme of mammalian phospholipases, also the subject of Chapters 6 and 8. The work described here is most closely related to that in the previous chapter on the other classes of mammalian acyl hydrolases, the phospholipases Al and lysophospholipases. The literature on mammalian phospholipases A2 is larger than that on the phospholipases A, and lysophospholipases, perhaps because of interest in the metabolism of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids.
Mass Spectrometry in the Study of Pesticides: An Introduction

During the preceding ten years, mass spectrometry has enjoyed a phenomenal growth as a technique which provides identification and elucidation of structure of biologically active compounds. Biochemical applications have proliferated intensely and it is rare to read a technical publication dealing with a study of the metabolism or degradation of biologically significant compounds without a reference to the use of mass spectrometry in the characterization of compounds of unknown structure. To a similar extent, mass spectrometry has been increasingly applied in the area of pesticide chemistry as an analytical technique for the confirmation of pesticide residues in environmental substrates and the characterization of intact and degraded residues of unknown structure. From the earliest recognition of thelutility of this valuable technique in evaluating metabolic pathways , to the most recent sophisticated application to thezenvironmental monitoring of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-pdioxin , mass spectrometry has continually proven to be an indispensable tool in solving the wide variety of problems presented by research and development activity in pesticide chemistry.
India: the Tryst with a Divided Destiny

The outbreak of the second world war ushered in the last phase of British rule in India. The war’s impact was twofold; it intensified the Indian demand for independence and progressively weakened the British will and capacity to withhold it. The resulting possibility, or probability, of a withdrawal of the British Raj sooner than had hitherto been anticipated on either side, in turn and by the natural working of the laws of politics, sharpened the struggle for the succession to power within India. Where formerly the Congress and the League had stood side by side, by March 1940 at the latest, when the Muslim League at their Lahore meeting formulated a demand for separate Muslim homelands and a separate Muslim state, they stood face to face. Where once there had been a possibility of association in independence now there was, in the idiom of a later period, confrontation.
Stroke Systems of Care

This material is not likely to be on your boards; however, knowledge about the evolving landscape of the delivery of stroke care is important for the practicing vascular neurologist. Years after IV t-PA was approved by the FDA in 1996, studies showed that the medication was vastly underutilized with mixed outcomes. In turn, the Brain Attack Coalition (BAC) made the initial recommendations for the development of Primary Stroke Centers to promote better standardization of safe and effective acute stroke care. Since then, there has been an emphasis by the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association (AHA/ASA), The Joint Commission (TJC), and Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) to evaluate specific stroke measures and hospital outcomes. In search of faster, more effective administration of lytics, many investigators have focused on the prehospital setting.
A WLCSP 79-GHz band harmonic mixer with high LO-leakage suppression

A 79-GHz band miniature mixer fabricated by using our 3-D WLCSP technology and PHEMT is demonstrated. The mixer consists of a balanced harmonic mixer pair to enhance LO-to-RF leakage suppression. The balun for out-of-phase power splitting is a half-sized Marchand balun, effectively miniaturizing the mixer unit. The 40-GHz and 80-GHz band baluns were designed in the same fashion. Though their bandwidth becomes much narrower than the popular full-size one, the realized bandwidth and 180-degree phase difference were good enough for the radar application. The achieved balanced harmonic mixer is being successfully applied to RX and TX for intelligent automotive radar system.
Equilibrium clumped-isotope effects in doubly substituted isotopologues of ethane

We combine path-integral Monte Carlo methods with a new intramolecular potential energy surface to quantify the equilibrium enrichment of doubly substituted ethane isotopologues due to clumped-isotope effects. Ethane represents the simplest molecule to simultaneously exhibit ^(13)C–^(13)C, ^(13)C–D, and D–D clumped-isotope effects, and the analysis of corresponding signatures may provide useful geochemical and biogeochemical proxies of formation temperatures or reaction pathways. Utilizing path-integral statistical mechanics, we predict equilibrium fractionation factors that fully incorporate nuclear quantum effects, such as anharmonicity and rotational-vibrational coupling which are typically neglected by the widely used Urey model. The magnitude of the calculated fractionation factors for the doubly substituted ethane isotopologues indicates that isotopic clumping can be observed if rare-isotope substitutions are separated by up to three chemical bonds, but the diminishing strength of these effects suggests that enrichment at further separations will be negligible. The Urey model systematically underestimates enrichment due to ^(13)C–D and D–D clumped-isotope effects in ethane, leading to small relative errors in the apparent equilibrium temperature, ranging from 5 K at 273.15 K to 30 K at 873.15 K. We additionally note that the rotameric dependence of isotopologue enrichment must be carefully considered when using the Urey model, whereas the path-integral calculations automatically account for such effects due to configurational sampling. These findings are of direct relevance to future clumped-isotope studies of ethane, as well as studies of ^(13)C–^(13)C, ^(13)C–D, and D–D clumped-isotope effects in other hydrocarbons.
Eosinophils attenuate parainfluenza virus infection through nitric oxide

Background: Respiratory viruses cause asthma exacerbations. Eosinophils are a common inflammatory cell in the airways of many asthmatics and experimentally have been shown to mediate virus-induced airway hyperreactivity. Pulmonary eosinophilia, however, has been associated with reduced virus replication suggesting eosinophils have a role in the lungs9 antiviral immune response. Objective: To determine the effect of eosinophils on parainfluenza virus 1 (PIV-1) infection in the lung. Methods: PIV-1 replication was evaluated in ovalbumin sensitized and challenged mice, hypereosinophilic (CC10.IL5) transgenic mice and eosinophil-deficient (PHIL) transgenic mice in vivo , and in cultures of isolated human eosinophils. Results: Mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin had reduced quantities of PIV-1 RNA in the lungs 4 days after inoculation compared to nonsensitized mice. Similarly, CC10.IL5 mice with lung hypereosinophilia had reduced PIV-1 RNA compared to wild-type controls, however, this effect was lost in eosinophil-deficient PHIL mice. Human eosinophils inhibited PIV-1 replication in vitro in part through the production of nitric oxide. Eosinophils infected with PIV-1 produced progeny virus, but these virions had minimal infectivity. The reduction in PIV-1 infectivity was not due to PIV-1 RNA degradation by eosinophil-associated RNases. Conclusions: These results demonstrate a potent antiviral effect of eosinophils that was mediated in part through the production of nitric oxide, but not through the degradation of viral RNA by eosinophil-associated RNases. This potentially beneficial antiviral role for eosinophils should be considered when designing future asthma therapies that target eosinophil depletion.
Diffusion-Tensor Imaging of the Physes: A Possible Biomarker for Skeletal Growth-Experience with 151 Children.

Diffusion-tensor imaging of the physis and metaphysis shows greater tract length and volume when growth is fastest; tract length and volume have an earlier and smaller peak in girls, in both sexes decline with increasing maturity, and are higher in taller girls.
US Perspectives on the EU Medical Device Approval System, and Lessons Learned from the United States

The literature on the regulation of drugs at the FDA and the European Union is substantial, yet little research has provided comparative analyses and robust empirical data on the regulation of medical devices in the United States and the European Union. As medical and health markets become increasingly globalized, and the U.S. and the EU compete for leadership and recognition, salient domestic regulatory issues are becoming increasingly international and transnational policy issues. Building on Carpenter's (2010) work on drug regulation at the FDA, but taking a slightly narrower yet at the same time a broader approach by drawing on interdisciplinary studies instead of limiting ourselves to only the Political Science literature, this comparison focuses on key aspects of risk regulation and governance of medical devices in the U.S. and the EU, and shows how and why individual and organizational learning is imperative in each case.
Synthesis of Copper–Silica Core–Shell Nanostructures with Sharp and Stable Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance

Copper nanoparticles exhibit intense and sharp localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) in the visible region; however, the LSPR peaks become weak and broad when exposed to air due to the oxidation of Cu. In this work, the Cu nanoparticles are successfully encapsulated in SiO2 by employing trioctyl-n-phosphine (TOP)-capped Cu nanoparticles for the sol–gel reaction, yielding an aqueous Cu–SiO2 core–shell suspension with stable and well-preserved LSPR properties of the Cu cores. With the TOP capping, the oxidation of the Cu cores in the microemulsion was significantly reduced, thus allowing the Cu cores to sustain the sol–gel process used for coating the SiO2 protection layer. It was found that the self-assembled TOP-capped Cu nanoparticles were spontaneously disassembled during the sol–gel reaction, thus recovering the LSPR of individual particles. During the disassembling progress, the extinction spectrum of the nanocube agglomerates evolved from a broad extinction profile to a narrow and sharp peak. Fo...
Full-field functional imaging of nanoscale dynamics using tabletop high harmonics

We report the first stroboscopic full-field EUV microscope using high harmonics. Specifically, we demonstrate nanoscale movies of thermal and acoustic wave propagation in nanostructures with 0.1nm axial resolution, 90nm lateral resolution, and 10fs time resolution.
Substrate Effects on the Structure and Optical Properties of Epitaxial PbTiO3 Thin Films Prepared by Metal-Organic Chemical Vapor Deposition

Epitaxial PbTiO{sub 3} films were prepared by metal-organic chemical vapor deposition (MOCVD) on MgO(001), SrTiO{sub 3}(001) and LaAlO{sub 3}(001) surfaces. Four-circle X-ray diffraction and optical waveguiding experiments were performed to characterize the deposited films. The films on all three substrates were single-crystal; however, the domain structure of the films was strongly dependent on the substrate material. Films on MgO and LaAIO{sub 3} substrates showed a large amount of 90{degrees} domain structures, whereas, the degree of twinning was greatly suppressed for films on SrTiO{sub 3}. The refractive indices and optical birefringence of the films were measured as a function of wavelength using the film-prism coupling method. The authors found that for films on LaAIO{sub 3}(001), the ordinary index and for films on MgO(001) both the ordinary and extraordinary refractive indices were higher than those of bulk single-crystal PbTiO{sub 3}. For films grown on SrTiO{sub 3}(001), the ordinary refractive index was very close to that of single crystal PbTiO{sub 3}. They correlate the increased refractive index and the reduced birefringence to the degree of epitaxial strain and twinning in the samples, respectively.
Citizen Science as a Tool for Augmenting Museum Collection Data from Urban Areas

Museum collections are critical to contemporary biological research, but museum acquisitions have declined in recent decades, hampering researchers’ ability to use collections to assess species responses to habitat modification, urbanization, and global climate change. Citizen science may be a key method to bolster museum collections data, particularly from urban regions, where ongoing data collection is critical to our understanding of ecosystem dynamics in a highly modified and variable landscape. In this study, we compare data collected as part of the citizen science project Reptiles and Amphibians of Southern California (RASCals), hosted on the platform iNaturalist (www.inaturalist.org), to data in the VertNet database (www.vertnet.org), which houses millions of museum collection records from over 250 natural-history collections, for four focal species, including a native lizard of conservation concern that has declined with urbanization, a native lizard that is widespread in urban areas, and two invasive aquatic species. We compared numbers of VertNet records over time to modern RASCals records, and the number of records collected from urban, suburban, and protected areas from both databases. For all species, citizen science records were generated much more rapidly than museum records. For three of our four focal species, RASCals participants over 27 months documented from 70% to 750% more records than were added to the VertNet database after 1990. For the urban-tolerant southern alligator lizard, RASCals participants collected nearly 45 times more modern urban records than are contained in the VertNet database. For all other species, the majority of RASCals records were collected within suburban or other highly modified landscapes, demonstrating the value of citizen science for collecting data within urban and suburban ecosystems. As new museum acquisitions decline, citizen science projects like RASCals may become critical to the maintenance of modern species distribution data.
ADGN: An Algorithm for Record Linkage Using Address, Date of Birth, Gender, and Name

ABSTRACTThis article presents an algorithm for record linkage that uses multiple indicators derived from combinations of fields commonly found in databases. Specifically, the quadruplet of Address (A), Date of Birth (D), Gender (G), and Name (N) and any triplet of A-D-G-N (i.e., ADG, ADN, AGN, and DGN) also link records with an extremely high likelihood. Matching on multiple identifiers avoids problems of missing data, inconsistent fields, and typographical errors. We show, using a very large database from the State of Texas, that exact matches using combinations A, D, G, and N produce a rate of matches comparable to 9-Digit Social Security Number. Further examination of the linkage rates show that reporting of the data at a higher level of aggregation, such as Birth Year instead of Date of Birth and omission of names, makes correct matches between databases highly unlikely, protecting an individual’s records.
Sustainable management of a wild pheasant population in Austria

In Europe, the majority of driven pheasant shooting is supported by the release of captivereared pheasants to increase numbers of birds available to hunters. In Austria, as in the rest of Europe, intensification of agriculture has contributed to the decline of wild pheasant populations during the last 40 years. However, high densities of wild pheasants can still be found in some areas. Seefeld Estate, a 2400ha farm in Lower Austria, has among the highest densities of wild pheasants in Europe. Spring densities of over 100 hens/km2 have been measured on areas of this efficient and productive modern arable farming estate. Imaginative management of set-aside, game cover and field margins, combined with targeted predation control, have enabled an annual sustainable harvest of wild pheasants to be maintained. The annual harvest in the last 10 years has ranged from 16 to 54 birds/km2. Seefeld has maintained these higher densities in a region where wild pheasants have otherwise declined (current mean annual harvest = 4 birds/km2). This paper discusses the main factors responsible for high pheasant densities at Seefeld Estate and their implications for wild pheasant management in Europe. In addition, we will discuss the added conservation benefits accrued on Seefeld Estate because of wild pheasant management.
Sensitive Detection of Small-Molecule Targets Using Cooperative Binding Split Aptamers and Enzyme-Assisted Target Recycling

Signal amplification via enzyme-assisted target recycling (EATR) offers a powerful means for improving the sensitivity of DNA detection assays, but it has proven challenging to employ EATR with aptamer-based assays for small-molecule detection due to insensitive target response of aptamers. Here, we describe a general approach for the development of rapid and sensitive EATR-amplified small-molecule sensors based on cooperative binding split aptamers (CBSAs). CBSAs contain two target-binding domains and exhibit enhanced target response compared with single-domain split aptamers. We introduced a duplexed C3 spacer abasic site between the two binding domains, enabling EATR signal amplification through exonuclease III’s apurinic endonuclease activity. As a demonstration, we engineered a CBSA-based EATR-amplified fluorescence assay to detect dehydroisoandrosterone-3-sulfate. This assay achieved 100-fold enhanced target sensitivity relative to a non-EATR-based assay, with a detection limit of 1 μM in 50% urine....
The effects of a workplace intervention on employees' cortisol awakening response.

Work-related stressors are known to adversely affect employees’ stress physiology, including the cortisol awakening response (CAR) – or the spike in cortisol levels shortly after people wake up tha...
The Euler Equations

One of the most important applications of Newtonian mechanics occurs in the study of the motion of a rigid body. To apply Newtonian principles to a system of particles rigidly attached to each other is by no means trivial; and when the mathematization of the problem has been carried out, the differential equations which result are among the most elusive in classical mechanics, almost as interesting as those of the three-body problem. Because of its importance this problem attracted the attention of many great mathematicians. Indeed, anyone who has researched the history of the problem will probably agree that it is harder to find mathematicians who have not worked on the problem than to find mathematicians who have. This chapter examines the developments most closely related to the problem as studied by Kovalevskaya, then analyzes her work in detail. Finally, since her work represents the final chapter in the story of closed-form solutions, a comparison will be made with alternative methods, of which the work of Klein is taken as representative.
P008 : AGGREGATED IgG CONTROL FOR PRONASE FC RECEPTOR (FcR) REMOVAL IN FLOW CROSSMATCH

Aim This study evaluated heat aggregated (Agg) IgG in IVIG and normal human serum (NRS) as a control for pronase FcR removal in Flow crossmatch. Pronase treatment of lymphocytes is used to remove FC receptors on B cells to reduce false B cell positive Flow crossmatches due to Agg IgG in patient serum. The effectiveness of pronase treatment can be compromised if there are too many cells or serum proteins present, a positive control is needed to verify that FcRs have been removed from B cells. Methods 1. To aggregate IgG, 5 ml of NRS or IVIG (Gammaguard 100 mg/ml) is heated at 63 °C for 20 min. 2. The working dilution for Agg IVIG is found by titering it on unpronased and pronased cells in a crossmatch. 3. A working dilution for Agg NRS is also found by titering it in a crossmatch, but first the Agg IgG is concentrated at 130,000g, 60 min at 4 °C. 4. The NRS Agg IgG pellet is resuspended in 1 ml PBS, pH 8.1 for titering. Results See the Fig. 1 , Fig. 2 . Conclusion This study demonstrates the ability to use heat Agg IgG in IVIG or from NRS as a control for pronase B cell FcR removal in Flow crossmatch.
Complex self-sustained oscillation patterns in modular excitable networks

We study the relationship between the modularity of scale-free excitable networks and their ability to support self-sustained oscillation patterns. We find that the probability for a network of given degree-distribution exponent to be able to support self-sustained oscillations is strongly affected by its modularity. In addition, both high- and low-modularity networks are more likely to exhibit long-period oscillation patterns than those with intermediate modularity, but the degrees of complexity and correlation in these two cases are different. The long-period oscillations cannot be explained by a minimum-length Winfree loop, but instead arise from the interplay between two or more propagating waves. Finally, we introduce an improved method that can be used to analyze the structure of the self-sustained oscillation sources at different levels of detail and show that the period of the oscillation pattern is statistically correlated with the fraction of modules that are part of the oscillation source.
CULTURAL MODELS OF INFANT EMOTIONS AND NEEDS AMONG THE GAMO PEOPLE OF SOUTHERN ETHIOPIA

How mothers perceive their infants' emotions and their subsequent responses are influenced by cultural values and beliefs. Mothers who live in particularly harsh environments may have perceptions about their infants' emotions that reflect not only cultural values but also constraints of the environment. In this qualitative study, 29 Gamo mothers living in rural Ethiopia were interviewed about perceptions of their infants' emotions, how they felt about these emotions, and what they believed their infants needed in response. Through constant comparative analysis and thematic coding, several patterns emerged in mothers' perceptions about their infants' emotions and what constituted appropriate responses. Mothers said that their infants' negative emotions were possibly related to illness and that appropriate responses were focused mostly on breastfeeding, complementary food, and needing to be held. Mothers also discussed their work demands and how they conflicted with their desire to respond to their infants; however, many mothers said that they relied on their older children to help. Mothers' responses were centered on a parenting strategy aimed at promoting infant health and survival, which is consistent with research on parents living in rural environments who subsist by farming and have relatively high risk for infant mortality.
C5aR1 regulates migration of suppressive myeloid cells required for costimulatory blockade-induced murine allograft survival.

Costimulatory blockade-induced murine cardiac allograft survival requires intragraft accumulation of CD11b+ Ly6Clo Ly6G- regulatory myeloid cells (Mregs) that expand regulatory T cells (Tregs) and suppress effector T cells (Teffs). We previously showed that C5a receptor (C5aR1) signaling on T cells activates Teffs and inhibits Tregs, but whether and/or how C5aR1 affects Mregs required for transplant survival is unknown. Although BALB/c hearts survived >60 days in anti-CD154 (MR1)-treated or cytotoxic T-lymphocyte associated protein 4 (CTLA4)-Ig-treated wild-type (WT) recipients, they were rejected at ~30 days in MR1-treated or CTLA4-Ig-treated recipients selectively deficient in C5aR1 restricted to myeloid cells (C5ar1fl/fl xLysM-Cre). This accelerated rejection was associated with ~2-fold more donor-reactive T cells and ~40% less expansion of donor-reactive Tregs. Analysis of graft-infiltrating mononuclear cells on posttransplant day 6 revealed fewer Ly6Clo monocytes in C5ar1fl/fl xLysM-Cre recipients. Expression profiling of intragraft Ly6Clo monocytes showed that C5aR1 deficiency downregulated genes related to migration/locomotion without changes in genes associated with suppressive function. Cotransfer of C5ar1fl/fl and C5ar1fl/fl xLysM-Cre myeloid cells into MR1-treated allograft recipients resulted in less accumulation of C5ar1- / - cells within the allografts, and in vitro assays confirmed that Ly6Chi myeloid cells migrate to C5a/C5aR1-initiated signals. Together, our results newly link myeloid cell-expressed C5aR1 to intragraft accumulation of myeloid cells required for prolongation of heart transplant survival induced by costimulatory blockade.
Addressing male-targeted university sexual aggression: An experimental evaluation of a social norms approach.

We experimentally examined the impact of male undergraduates’ exposure to real antisexual assault injunctive social norms on their attitudes and intentions related to perceived appropriateness of alcohol-facilitated sexual assault, rape myth acceptance, self-perceived likelihood of committing sexual
Regularized Linear Modeling and Controlled Variable Selection

Many biomedical and biosocial studies involve large amounts of complex data, including cases where the number of features (k) is large and may exceed the number of cases (n). In such situations, parameter estimates are difficult to compute or may be unreliable as the system is underdetermined. Regularization provides one approach to improve model reliability, prediction accuracy, and result interpretability. It is based on augmenting the primary fidelity term of the objective function used in the model-fitting process with a dual regularization term that provides restrictions on the parameter space.
Comprehensive molecular profiling and analysis of mutual exclusivity of genetic aberrations (MEGA) of intra- and extrahepatic cholangiocarcinomas (IHC and EHC) evaluation of prognostic features and potential targets for intervention.

4088Background: Varying driver genetic aberrations have been identified among different anatomic and clinical subtypes of IHC and EHC, with suggestive prognostic and/or predictive benefit and poten...
Pathways of Risk: Race, Social Class, Stress, and Coping as Factors Predicting Heterosexual Risk Behaviors for HIV Among Women

African-American women and Latinas as well as women of lower socioeconomic status are disproportionately represented among women with AIDS; therefore, understanding the factors associated with HIV risk behavior for these women is of particular concern. With a diverse sample of women, the current study examined the validity of a theoretical model that proposed that stress and coping mediated the relationships of race/ethnicity and social class to sexual risk behaviors. Structural equation modeling indicated that although social class demonstrated direct and indirect associations with HIV risk behavior, race did not. Women with lower income had higher levels of stress and riskier sexual partners. However, women with higher income were more likely to engage in unprotected intercourse, often within a committed relationship. Coping style did not mediate the relationship of race, social class, and/or stress with risky sexual behaviors. These findings indicate that social class may be a more important factor than race in predicting individual HIV risk behaviors and that assumptions about race and social class must be empirically tested to understand these complex associations. Pathways to risk and prevention are discussed.
Primary Reninism, a New Syndrome

I am delighted to have been invited to speak before this large audience of internists about a newly recognized form of surgically curable hypertension. A large majority of practicing physicians are not yet aware of the existence of this syndrome and it is my purpose to enhance this awareness.
Engaging Engineering Faculty in Transformative Practices

Engaging engineering faculty in transformative practices in course design and teaching is critical to student success, especially in fields like engineering where there are challenges with attrition and retention. This paper presents a current course transformation program in which engineering faculty transform the design of their courses and teaching practices to improve learning supported by embedded experts. In this program, embedded experts are education experts who work with engineering faculty in transforming courses to address the needs of their students. This evaluation study investigates the outcomes of course transformations on engineering student achievement and teaching practices. The results show an overall improvement in student achievement outcomes and indicate that it has helped participating faculty become more successful engineering educators.
In situ transmission electron microscopy investigation of continuous precipitation of Ni3Mo in a superalloy formed by direct current magnetron sputtering

Abstract In situ heating experiments explore a correlation between hexagonal close-packed (HCP) domains in sputter-deposited Ni-25Mo-8Cr films and the precipitation of HCP-type structures (Ni3Mo). Dynamic observation of phase evolution in diffraction mode confirms that precipitation behavior in these defect-dense thin films is not merely kinetically accelerated; instead, the pathway is fundamentally altered. Short-range ordering (SRO) behavior was observed upon reaching 650 °C. SRO has been documented as part of the face-centered cubic (FCC)-precipitation pathway, but has not previously been reported for HCP-based precipitates. This effort provides evidence for continuous ordering of HCP-based precipitates from SRO domains in a mixed FCC-HCP metallic material.
Geriatric Depression Scale

The GDS was developed to address the limited applicability of existing depression scales with older adults1,2. One such problem with scales that were developed and validated with younger populations relates to somatic complaints. Though somatic complaints can be a useful indicator of depression in younger samples, it is common for older adults to report somatic problems that can skew the sensitivity and specificity of a screen where older adults are more likely to have false positive depression scores. As such, the GDS does not include many somatic components in the scale and also consists of questions that are appropriate for the ageing population both in content and format. Initially, 100 questions were selected by researchers and clinicians with geriatric experience and administered to both non-depressed and depressed older adults. Of the original 100 items, the 30 items that correlated most highly with the total score were included in the final scale. The scale was designed so that it could be administered easily in a self-rating format that would not be cumbersome for patients or medical personnel2. Most individuals complete the GDS in under 10 minutes. The GDS has a forced-choice response format where individuals are asked to respond yes or no to each item. However, some patients have problems with the yes/no dichotomy, instead preferring to answer ‘sometimes’ by either writing it in or by circling the space between the yes and no responses, though neither is a scored answer. It can help if explicit instructions are provided to patients to respond to each item in the way that best answers the question. In the initial validation study, the examiner read the items orally and recorded responses for individuals who could not complete the form without assistance. However, later studies found significant differences between mean scores for self-administered and staff-administered modes of presentation, with higher scores reported for self-administered scales3,4. There is no significant difference between scores of a card-based administration and verbal administration of the GDS5. For each of the 30 GDS items, the depressive response garners 1 point for a maximum total of 30 points. Regarding general cutoffs, total scores ranging from 0 to 9 indicate normal mood; scores ranging from 10 to 19 indicate mild depressive symptoms, and scores ranging from 20 to 30 indicate severe depressive symptoms. The measure is free to use and in the public domain. It can be accessed at www.stanford.edu/∼yesavage/GDS.html.
Which Language(s)

This chapter explores historical and political overviews of linguistic policy, culture, and curriculum issues in K-12 settings in the United States. This analysis addresses which language or languages should be used to teach students and how to use curriculum to deliver a fair education. The sources for this chapter represent the constant drive to revive and sustain the languages and cultural heritages of people: Little Man’s Family: Dine Yazhi Ba’atchini in 1950 from the Navajo Nation, Proyecto Saber, 1974–1975 from Seattle’s Latinx community, and an oral history project with Dr. Phala Chea about Khmer language and culture. Founded upon a sociocultural theory of language and identity, this chapter demonstrates the ways in which language is interwoven with culture and communal efforts to sustain their cultures.
Ultrahigh-speed, high-resolution, large-area optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging for rapid evaluation of breast cancer surgical specimens (Conference Presentation)

The purpose of this study was to develop an ultrahigh-speed, high-resolution, large imaging area optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging system for improved evaluation of breast cancer surgical specimens. A 2-axis direct-drive servo motorized linear translation stage enables automatic acquisition and stitching of multiple OCT volumes, providing large-area imaging of tissue sizes up to 10cm x 10cm surface area x 2mm imaging depth. OCT images of breast specimens with this system will demonstrate normal breast parenchyma, cysts, radial scars, benign neoplasms such as fibroadenoma, atypical ductal/lobular hyperplasia, and carcinomas in situ and invasive.
A case of metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma diagnosed by thyroid cytology

Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) cytology of the thyroid gland has been widely used for the evaluation of thyroid nodules. Most of the nodules are primary thyroid lesions. However, up to 4% of thyroid FNA may harbor a metastatic neoplasm. The metastases are most commonly from lung, kidney, breast, and skin. Metastatic colorectal cancers are also seen in thyroid but less common. Here we report the cytologic features, differential diagnosis and clinical implications of a metastatic rectal adenocarcinoma to the thyroid gland diagnosed by FNA.
Recent advances in the researches of surgical treatments for biliary atresia

Biliary atresia (BA) is a severe life-threatening pediatric hepatobiliary condition. Kasai portoenterostomy acts as a first-line treatment for BA. Around 60% of BA patients develop such postoperative complications as cholangitis, intestinal obstruction, anastomotic stricture, bile leakage and gastrointestinal bleeding, etc. And around one half of them develop cirrhosis and liver failure within 2-5 years and liver transplantation is often required. Sequential combination of Kasai portoenterostomy and liver transplantation significantly improves the prognosis. This review summarized the latest domestic and international researches of surgical treatments for BA from the perspectives of operative age, surgical techniques, intra/extra-abdominal Kasai, mini-invasive versus open Kasai, redo Kasai and liver transplantation, etc. Key words: Biliary atresia; Operation; Liver transplantation
Cystatin C as a biomarker of chronic kidney disease: latest developments.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is common, occurring in over 10% of individuals globally, and is increasing in prevalence. The limitations of traditional biomarkers of renal dysfunction, such as serum...
A case series on inflammatory cardiomyopathy and suspected cardiac sarcoidosis: role of cardiac PET in management.

Background Presentation of life-threatening arrhythmias concomitantly with a new-onset non-ischaemic cardiomyopathy raises concern for an inflammatory cardiomyopathy such as cardiac sarcoidosis or cardiac manifestations of connective tissue disease. Comprehensive workup for specific aetiologies may be unrevealing except for signs of myocardial inflammation identified on cardiac positron emission tomography (PET). Here, we present five cases of such subjects and their clinical course. Case summary We collected clinical, imaging, pathological, and follow-up data of five subjects presenting with arrhythmias and unexplained new-onset cardiomyopathy. Mean age was 56.2 ± 5.8 years. Three subjects presented with ventricular tachycardia and two with atrial arrhythmias. Echocardiography showed a mean left ventricular ejection fraction of 37 ± 9%. Significant coronary artery disease was ruled out in all cases as the cause of the cardiomyopathy. All patients underwent cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and PET scan at presentation and follow-up. In all patients, cardiac MRI revealed hyperenhancement in epicardial and mid-myocardial pattern in a non-coronary distribution, while PET scan revealed fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) mismatch defects in multiple foci in a non-coronary distribution. Right ventricular biopsy was obtained in all patients and revealed interstitial fibrosis and cardiomyocyte hypertrophy. On median follow-up of 210 days, all subjects had improvement in both heart failure symptoms and arrhythmias and repeat PET in four out of five patients showed decreased inflammation. Discussion A high level of suspicion for inflammatory cardiomyopathy is needed in patients presenting with new unexplained cardiomyopathy and arrhythmias. A cardiac FDG-PET should be considered for diagnosis if cardiac inflammation is in the differential. This can inform further decisions regarding targeted immunomodulation therapy that may be helpful in this cohort.
Sarcoidosis is associated with lower risks of penetrating disease and colectomy in hospitalized patients with inflammatory bowel disease

Background and Aim Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and sarcoidosis, primarily considered distinct entities, share commonalties in pathophysiology and clinical manifestations. This study aimed to examine the in-hospital outcomes of patients with concurrent IBD and sarcoidosis. Methods The National Inpatient Sample was used to identify hospitalized adult patients with IBD and sarcoidosis from 2010 to 2014. Primary outcomes were in-hospital mortality, rates of septic shock, acute renal failure, respiratory failure, length of stay, and total hospitalization charges. Secondary outcomes were IBD-specific complications and surgery interventions. Results A total of 3995 patients with IBD and coexisting sarcoidosis (IBD/sarcoidosis), of which 2500 patients had Crohn's disease with coexisting sarcoidosis (Crohn's disease [CD]/sarcoidosis) and 1495 patients had ulcerative colitis with coexisting sarcoidosis (ulcerative colitis [UC]/sarcoidosis), were included. Patients with IBD/sarcoidosis had a lower risk of penetrating disease (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] 0.3, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.16-0.55, P < 0.0001) and colectomy (aOR 0.48, 95% CI 0.27-0.84, P < 0.05). Subgroup analysis demonstrated lower rates of colectomy when comparing CD/sarcoidosis (P < 0.05) and UC/sarcoidosis (P = 0.0003) versus CD or UC alone. There was no difference in mortality. Conclusion IBD/sarcoidosis is associated with lower risks of penetrating disease and colectomy when compared to patients with IBD alone.
How NPC1 Loss Twists the TORCque of Lysosomes

Niemann-Pick type C is a neurological disorder caused by mutations in the lysosome cholesterol exporter NPC1. In this issue of Developmental Cell, Davis et al. dissect how NPC1 loss elevates mTORC1 signaling, and demonstrate that suppression of mTORC1 signaling can rescue disease pathology in NPC1-deficient cell models.
Impact of a Pharmacist Intervention in the Emergency Department on the Appropriateness of Direct Oral Anticoagulants Prescribed in Venous Thromboembolism Patients

Background:It is now widely accepted to manage low risk acute venous thromboembolism (VTE) in the outpatient setting with direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). Although DOACs are straightforward to d...
Graphic novels through the lens of Goodreads reviews: Artistic, textual, or blend of both?:

In this study, a textual analysis of the linguistic characteristics of Goodreads user-generated reviews associated with popular graphic novels revealed reviewers’ rich evaluations of both textual a...
Shale Renders the ‘Obsolescing Bargain’ Obsolete: Political risk and foreign investment in Argentina's Vaca Muerta

Abstract Argentina is a risky place for foreign investors, with frequent political swings from right to left, weak enforcement of contracts and property rights, endemic corruption, combative unions and a volatile macroeconomic environment. And yet, between 2013 and 2019 IOCs invested $13 billion in developing oil and gas concessions in Argentina. However in contrast to past investments, which were in conventional developments, these recent investments have been almost exclusively in unconventional developments in the Vaca Muerta shale play. We hypothesize tight oil and shale gas extraction is exposed to fewer expropriation risks than conventional oil and gas, and as a result, Argentina is likely to attract more investment in the Vaca Muerta formation than would otherwise be realized given its troubled history. Moreover, while we focus on Argentina, the case may have implications for the global oil market. If risk is institutionally and structurally lower in shale investments, this realization could encourage wider proliferation of shale production outside the United States.
Interactions with Potential Mis/Disinformation URLs Among U.S. Users on Facebook, 2017-2019

Misinformation and disinformation online---and on social media in particular--- have become a topic of widespread concern. Recently, Facebook and Social Science One released a large, unique, privacy-preserving dataset to researchers that contains data on URLs shared on Facebook in 2017-2019, including how users interacted with posts and demographic data from those users. We conduct an exploratory analysis of this data through the lens of mis/disinformation, finding that posts containing potential and known mis/disinformation URLs drew substantial user engagement. We also find that older and more politically conservative U.S. users were more likely to be exposed to (and ultimately re-share) potential mis/disinformation, but that those users who were exposed were roughly equally likely to click regardless of demographics. We discuss the implications of our findings for platform interventions and further study towards understanding and reducing the spread of mis/disinformation on social media.