cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ultrastructural organization of avian stratum corneum lipids as the basis for facultative cutaneous waterproofing

The ultrastructure of naked neck epidermis from the ostrich (Struthio camelus) and ventral apterium from watered, and water-deprived, Zebra finches (Taeniopygia [Poephila] guttata castanotis) is presented. The form and distribution of the fully differentiated products of the lipid-enriched multigranular bodies are compared in biopsies post-fixed with osmium tetroxide or ruthenium tetroxide. The fine structure of ostrich epidermis suggests it is a relatively poor barrier to cutaneous water loss (CWL). The fine structure from watered, and 16-hr water-deprived Zebra finches, considered in conjunction with measurements of CWL, confirms previous reports of "facultative waterproofing," and emphasizes the rapidity of tissue response to dehydration. The seemingly counterintuitive facts that one xerophilic avian species, the ostrich, lacks a "good barrier" to CWL, whereas another, the Zebra finch, is capable of forming a good barrier, but does not always express this capability, are discussed. An explanation of these data in comparison to mammals centers on the dual roles of the integument of homeotherms in thermoregulation and conserving body water. It is concluded that birds, whose homeothermic control depends so much on CWL, cannot possess a permanent "good barrier," as such would compromise the heat loss mechanism. Facultative waterproofing (also documented in lizards) protects the organism against sudden reductions in water availability. In birds, and probably in snakes and lizards, facultative waterproofing involves qualitative changes in epidermal cell differentiation. Possible control mechanisms are discussed.
Inclusion of ion dynamics in the unified classical path theory of Stark broadening

A theory of Stark broadening of hydrogenic radiators which adds ion dynamic corrections to the unified theory of Smith, Cooper, and Vidal is presented. The dynamic parts of the ion collisions are treated in an impactlike approximation, which is justified for certain plasma conditions by the static-ion field cutoff in the ion interaction integrals. Approximate results are presented for the Lyman-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$, Lyman-$\ensuremath{\beta}$, and H-$\ensuremath{\alpha}$ lines of hydrogen, and comparison is made to experiment and to other theories.
Improved-performance, InGaAs/InGaAsP (=980 nm) asymmetric broad-waveguide diode lasers via waveguide-core doping

Doping the waveguide core (p=2/spl times/10/sup 17/ cm/sup -1/) in asymmetric-waveguide InGaAs/InGaAsP, two-quantum-well diode lasers (/spl lambda/=980 nm) raises the injection efficiency to 90% and decreases the threshold-current density, J/sub th/. For 2 mm long, 100 /spl mu/m wide stripe, uncoated chips J/sub th/ decreases from /spl sim/188 A/cm/sup 2/ to /spl sim/150 A/cm/sup 2/. High characteristic temperatures for J/sub th/ and the slope efficiency are obtained: T/sub 0/=215K and T/sub 1/=600K.
The fifth year: Reaction in Florida

Abstract Implementation of Florida's five-year education requirement for the CPA examination may have had a profound effect on the number of candidates who will be sitting for future CPA examinations in Florida. Movement away from public accounting in Florida is evident. The implications of the Florida experience may be important to other states considering implementation of a fifth-year requirement. Potential CPAs are taking advantage of inconsistent state requirements to circumvent the objective of the fifth year. With a nationwide fifth-year requirement, such manipulation would stop.
Remember the Alcazar! The creation of nationalist myths in the Spanish Civil War: The writings of Robert Brasillach

This article analyses the process of the construction of nationalist myths in the writings of French writer Robert Brasillach on the Spanish Civil War. Brasillach consistently presented the war through romanticised images that he intended to become nationalist myths. In particular, he built into his work a set of markers pointing to medieval epic poetry, which he thought embodied the Spanish – and French – national character. Brasillach envisioned a three-part process wherein myths mobilise the masses and inspire an elite to carry out new acts of heroism, which are then repackaged and presented, through commemoration, as new mythic images. Finally, individuals integrate these mythic images with their own memories, thus placing their lives within the national tradition.
LAKE SHORE PROTECTION AGAINST WIND-GENERATED WAVES

: A method is reported for estimating the height of wind waves in any lake for a given wind condition. Maximum wind speeds from five climatological stations in and around Ilinois for the period of 1950–1972 were analyzed and the maximum wind speed for various durations and return periods were presented. Statistical analysis of wind wave data collected from Carlyle Lake indicated the Rayleigh distribution fitted the wave height distribution reasonably well and that the nondimensional energy spectra followed the (f/fm)-5 rule in the equilibrium range of frequencies. From a consideration of various forces and physical properties of riprap particles and water, a relationship was developed to estimate the stable weight of riprap particles. A practical design criteria is proposed to stabilize lake shores against wind waves.
Teaching sciences: The multicultural question revisited

We contend that science education should be multicultural. We do not believe a universalist view of science is either compatible with a multicultural approach or fully coherent as a foundation for the science curriculum. We begin by summarizing the case for a universalist approach to science education. We then show weaknesses of universalism in accounting for the following: 1. the limits of human cognitive capabilities in constraining what we can understand about nature; 2. a description of reality as a flux; 3. the disunity of science and the role of culturally different forms and social organization of research in shaping the cognitive content of the sciences. We argue that it would be valuable for students to understand the nature of the debates regarding multicultural and universalist perspectives on science. For example, what questions is contemporary molecular biology good at answering? What kinds of problems do other sciences solve? What historical conditions may explain why western sciences arose primarily out of Western European culture rather than elsewhere in the world? How do other belief systems (e.g., religion) interact with indigenous sciences, Chinese science, and Western science? © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Sci Ed85:35–49, 2001.
Endobronchial chondromatous hamartoma in an infant.

Hyperinflation or atelectasis of a lung or one of its lobes is generally due to partial or complete bronchial obstruction. Intramural large airway obstructive lesions or cysts are uncommon in the pediatric age group. They are usually discovered in the supraglottic or glottic areas. Primary pulmonary, tracheal, or bronchial tumors are very unusual in children. In this report, we describe an infant with an endobronchial chondromatous hamartoma obstructing the right main bronchus. This infant presented with cough, wheezing, and unilateral hyperinflation of the right lung. The patient’s symptoms improved after endoscopic resection of the endobronchial lesion.
Understanding Online Community Participation : A Technology Acceptance Perspective

Online community participation has not been well understood from the perspective of technology adoption and use. Using a national sample of 537 online community participants in the United States and structural equation modeling, this study demonstrates that the technology acceptance model (TAM) can provide a useful foundation for theoretical explanation. By empirically testing the original TAM and comparing it with an alternative model, our results confirmed that perceived usefulness (PU) outweighs perceived ease of use (PEOU) in explaining actual use. Our final model further suggested a feedback loop between PU and PEOU, which significantly improved the model fit at both global and local levels. In addition, three exogenous variables (i.e., Internet self-efficacy, community environment, and intrinsic motivation) were proposed and validated. These findings have clear implications for the structure of the TAM as well as for its usefulness for the newly burgeoning practice of online community participation.
CELL DIVISION AND DNA SYNTHESIS IN TETRAHYMENA PYRIFORMIS DEPRIVED OF ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS

The question of amino acid requirements for DNA synthesis and cell division has been studied in Tetrahymena pyriformis by depriving cells of histidine and tryptophan at defined stages in the interdivision interval. Deprivation any time before DNA synthesis does not prevent the initiation of such synthesis but completely inhibits the following division and limits the increase in DNA, as measured microspectrophotometrically, to 20 per cent. H3-thymidine added to the medium is not incorporated during the 20 per cent increase. Deprivation after DNA synthesis is initiated does not prevent the continuation (to completion) of DNA synthesis, and cell division ensues. H3-thymidine added to the medium under these conditions is incorporated into macronuclear DNA. The data indicate that some amino acid-dependent event occurs, about the time of the beginning of the DNA synthesis period, which is not essential for initiation of DNA synthesis but which is essential for the maintenance of synthesis once it has begun. These results are further discussed in terms of enzymes required to convert thymidine (and possibly the other three deoxyribonucleosides) to the immediate precursor of DNA synthesis.
Why is Environmental Engineering an Important Aspect of Environmental Education

Environmental education has become the focus of national attention. The vision statement for a recent national environmental conference included exploring ‘‘the role of education regarding one of the central issues of the 21st century—how to achieve a more sustainable relationship between people and the environment. The security of people and nations, economic opportunity and quality of human life depend upon the continued availability of a life-sustaining environment’’ ~‘‘Vision’’ 2002!. Some of the university level topics explored at this conference included curricular needs for environmental sciences and environmental studies degree programs, integrating human health and environmental education, and transforming education at business schools. There appeared to be very little emphasis placed on the role of environmental engineering in the collegiate environmental education curriculum. As environmental engineers, we need to make sure that we are included in this national agenda. Why is it important to include engineering in this vast interdisciplinary grouping of knowledge? It is important because one of the goals of environmental education is ensuring that people continue to have a life-sustaining environment available to them. Engineering is part of the process in effecting this. In 1949, Merriam-Webster, Inc. ~then known as G & C Merriam Co.! defined ‘‘environment’’ and ‘‘engineering’’ in Webster’s New Collegiate Dictionary ~1949! as en•vi’ron•ment...n...2. That which environs; surroundings; specific, the aggregate of all the external conditions and influences affecting the life and development of an organism, etc., human behavior, society, etc.-en•vi’ron•men’tal,adj.... en’gi•neer’ing...n... 1. Originally the art of managing engines. 2. Applied science concerned with utilizing inorganic products of earth, properties of matter, sources of power in nature, and physical forces for supplying human needs in the form of structures, machines, manufactured products, precision instruments, industrial organization, the means of lighting, heating, refrigeration, communication, transportation, sanitation, and public safety, and other productive work... Almost a half century later, these definitions have become slightly more concise in the 1996 edition of Webster’s II New Riverside Dictionary ~1996! en•vi•ron•ment...n. 1. Surroundings. 2. The combination of external physical conditions affecting the growth and development of organisms.--en•vi’ron•men’tal adj.... en•gi•neer•ing...n. 1. The application of scientific principles to practical ends. 2. The design and construction of large-scale or complex structures such as bridges, roads, and tunnels.
Iodine toxicity treated with hemodialysis and continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration.

Abstract Continuous mediastinal irrigation with povidone-iodine is used commonly for treating severe postoperative mediastinitis. However, concurrent iodine toxicity has been reported, particularly in patients with renal dysfunction (likely because absorbed iodine is renally excreted). The authors were consulted on a 45-year-old patient with mediastinitis who had renal and hepatic dysfunction while being treated with mediastinal irrigation of povidone-iodine. The povidone-iodine irrigation was discontinued because he had toxic plasma iodine levels. Despite this, his condition worsened, and the iodine levels remained elevated. Thus, hemodialysis (HD) was initiated using high-flux membranes followed by continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF; 2 L/h of hemofiltration and 2 L/h of HD). Plasma and effluent iodine levels were measured repeatedly to determine iodine clearance by these 2 modalities (HD, 120 mL/min; CVVHDF, 37 mL and 44 mL/min on days 1 and 2, respectively). Hepatic and renal functions improved with decreasing plasma iodine levels. Based on this experience and after reviewing the literature the authors conclude that: (1) iodine irrigation can increase blood iodine levels significantly, especially in the setting of renal failure, and lead to increased morbidity and mortality; (2) plasma iodine levels should be monitored in patients with renal insufficiency; and (3) HD and CVVHDF are effective at clearing iodine. The authors suggest that patients that are at high risk or already developing signs of iodine toxicity should have the iodine irrigation discontinued and may benefit from renal replacement therapy (RRT). Alternatively, concomitant RRT during iodine irrigation may be attempted to maintain the systemic iodine levels at nontoxic levels. Am J Kidney Dis 41:702-708. © 2003 by the National Kidney Foundation, Inc.
Interaction of thyrotropin releasing factor with membrane receptors of pituitary cells.

Abstract Specific binding of 3H-labelled TRF to mouse thyrotropic tumor membrane preparations and to intact pituitary cells is described. The binding is saturable with respect to 3H-TRF under the conditions used and stoichiometrically competible by unlabelled TRF providing the basis for a workable in vitro assay for this releasing factor. Neither luteinizing hormone releasing factor (LRF) nor a biologically inactive dipeptide derivative of TRF compete for 3H-TRF binding. The dissociation constant for 3H-TRF binding to the tumor plasma membrane fraction is ca. 4 × 10−8M at 0°C.
Rape and responsibility: How and how much is the victim blamed?

In two separate experiments, subjects made attributions after reading a brief description of a rape. Attributions of responsibility were made more strongly to the victim's character for unrespectable victims, and to chance for respectable victims. Also, males placed more blame on the victim's character than females, while females emphasized the role of chance more than males. These results have implications for the treatment of rape victims within the court system.
Power, Legitimacy, and Urgency in Organizational Learning: Learning Through Stakeholder Complaints to Improve Quality in the California Nursing Home Industry:

Although research suggests that organizations learn through interactions with stakeholders, little is known regarding how this process occurs. The author addresses this void by examining how the po...
Resveratrol increases cerebral glycogen synthase kinase phosphorylation as well as protein levels of drebrin and transthyretin in mice: an exploratory study

Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is characterized by intraneuronal β-amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylated tau, leading to neuronal cell death and progressive memory losses. This exploratory work investi...
Stochastic feedback design for a class of non-linear singularly perturbed systems

A class of non-linear singularly perturbed systems in which the slow and the fast states and the output equations are driven by wide-band noises is considered. A stochastic observer is used in the design of an output feedback controller that stabilizes the corresponding reduced-order Markov model. This controller is, in turn, applied to the full-order system. Our previous results on weak convergence and order reduction and stability are directly applied to justify the use of the reduced-order systems and the stability of the resulting closed-loop systems in some stochastic sense.
LRP130 Protein Remodels Mitochondria and Stimulates Fatty Acid Oxidation

Impaired oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) is implicated in several metabolic disorders. Even though mitochondrial DNA encodes several subunits critical for OXPHOS, the metabolic consequence of activating mitochondrial transcription remains unclear. We show here that LRP130, a protein involved in Leigh syndrome, increases hepatic β-fatty acid oxidation. Using convergent genetic and biochemical approaches, we demonstrate LRP130 complexes with the mitochondrial RNA polymerase to activate mitochondrial transcription. Activation of mitochondrial transcription is associated with increased OXPHOS activity, increased supercomplexes, and denser cristae, independent of mitochondrial biogenesis. Consistent with increased oxidative phosphorylation, ATP levels are increased in both cells and mouse liver, whereas coupled respiration is increased in cells. We propose activation of mitochondrial transcription remodels mitochondria and enhances oxidative metabolism.
The Etiology of Different Forms of Urticaria in Childhood

Urticaria is a common disease in children. In contrast to the ease of its diagnosis, etiologic factors are often difficult to determine. In order to study whether differences exist among various forms of urticaria in childhood and whether the patterns of different types of urticaria differ between adults and children, we extensively studied the possible causes of urticaria in children. Fifty-four children (23 girls and 31 boys; ages 1-19 years) with various forms of urticaria were included in the study. In all cases, questions about food allergies, food additive intolerance, drug intake, signs of infection, causes of physical urticaria, insect bites, and personal and family history of atopy were asked. Clinical characteristics of the disease, such as duration, recurrence, and associated angioedema and symptoms of anaphylaxis were also investigated. Detailed laboratory tests, including serologic, autoimmune, and allergic analyses, were conducted to reveal the probable etiologies of urticaria. Of the study patients, 68.5% and 31.5% were diagnosed as having acute and chronic urticaria, respectively. The patient group with chronic urticaria was older and included more boys than the acute group. In the acute urticaria group, infection was the most frequently documented cause (48.6%), followed by drugs (5.4%), and food allergies (2.7%), whereas in chronic urticaria, physical factors were the leading cause (52.94%). The most frequently documented infection was urinary tract infection, followed by serologically determined infections of Chlamydia pneumoniae and Helicobacter pylori. In this study we found indications that infections were frequently associated with urticaria, which suggests that urticaria management should include a survey of certain infectious agents in addition to a detailed history.
Mastication and its influence on human salivary flow and alpha-amylase secretion

Unilateral parotid saliva was collected from ten subjects following oral stimulation with water, chewing on parafilm, mastication of celery and bread, and holding of bread in the mouth. Salivary flow induction was independent of chewing rate. Mastication of bread and celery resulted in higher flow rates than did chewing on parafilm. Although limited to two foods at two weights, the results suggest a possible dependence of flow rate on both the type and weight/size of the stimulus. Mastication increased the secretion rate but not the concentration of protein and alpha-amylase. The rate of alpha-amylase secretion was influenced by mastication in accord with digestive function, in that more secretion was induced by food than by nonfood stimuli, more by bread than by celery, and more by larger than smaller pieces of bread. However, these increases might be related more to the physical characteristics than the composition of the stimuli, e.g., force of chewing, dryness, and surface area.
Effect of Tetracycline Hydrochloride Treatment on the Critical Thermal Maximum of Common Shiners

(1980). Effect of Tetracycline Hydrochloride Treatment on the Critical Thermal Maximum of Common Shiners. The Progressive Fish-Culturist: Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 48-49.
Asymmetric hydroformylation of styrene by polymer-supported catalysts: platinum-tin chloride supported on polymer-bound chiral phosphines

Abstract Polymers (2 and 3) containing an optically active chelating phosphine ligand were obtained by copolymerizing N-acryloyl-(2S, 4S)-4-(diphenyl-phosphino)-2-[(diphenylphosphino)methyl]pyrrolidine (1) either with hydroxyethyl methacrylate/ethylene dimethacrylate or with styrene/divinyl-benzene, respectively. Platinum chloride was exchanged onto the polymer supports, and hydroformylation reactions of styrene were carried out in the presence of stannous chloride with a 1:1 mixture of H2/CO. Although branched to normal ratios were low (~0.5), high optical yields (70%) of hydratropaldehyde were obtained. These are the highest optical yields that have been achieved with a polymer-supported chiral catalyst.
Commuting maps on some subsets of matrices that are not closed under addition

Abstract Let M n ( K ) be the ring of all n × n matrices over a field K . We describe additive maps G : M n ( K ) → M n ( K ) such that G ( x ) x = xG ( x ) for all invertible (singular) x ∈ M n ( K ) .
The role of glycosylation in synthesis and secretion of beta-amyloid precursor protein by Chinese hamster ovary cells.

Abstract Alzheimer's disease is characterized by β-amyloid deposition in the brain. This peptide is derived by proteolytic cleavage from β-amyloid precursor protein (APP), a highly glycosylated membrane glycoprotein containing both N- and O-glycans. There are three major isoforms of APP, which are derived by alternative splicing and contain 695, 751, or 770 amino acids. Since glycosylation can affect many properties of glycoproteins, we studied the role of N- and O-glycosylation in the synthesis and secretion of APP. APP expression was examined in untransfected wild-type, Lec-8 mutant, and ldlD mutant Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and in analogous clonal cell lines expressing either the transfected human wild-type 695-amino-acid form of APP (APP695-WT) or a form mutated to delete N-glycosylation sites (APP695-XX). These studies showed that maturation of APP in CHO cells is accompanied by the addition of multiple short O-glycans with the following structures: Neu5Acα2–3Galβ1–3GalNAc, Neu5Acα2–3Galβ1–3[Neu5Acα2–6]GalNAc, and GalNAc. Using glycosylation-defective mutant CHO cell lines and soluble inhibitors of glycosylation, we found that APP secretion was diminished when core N-glycosylation or N-glycan processing was blocked. Surprisingly, similar results were found when synthesis and secretion of either APP695-WT or APP695-XX were analyzed. These results indicate that defective N-glycosylation of other cellular proteins, but not of APP itself, affects the metabolism of APP. Interestingly, inhibition of O-glycosylation did not affect the biosynthesis or secretion of APP. The results of these studies may shed some light on the role that protein glycosylation may play in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease.
Glatiramer acetate biases dendritic cells towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype by modulating OPN, IL-17, and RORγt responses and by increasing IL-10 production in experimental allergic encephalomyelitis.

Abstract Paralleling our previous mechanistic studies of glatiramer acetate (GA; Copaxone) activity, we show that GA curbs the expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 9 and the universal adapter protein Myd88 in mice with EAE, the animal model for multiple sclerosis. Concurrent with enhanced dendritic cell (DC) production of IL-10, GA interferes with OPN, IL-17, and ROR gamma expression in DCs of mice with EAE, and suppresses brain expression of the EAE-induced chemokines, MIP1α and β, IP-10 and RANTES. Thus GA not only biases dendritic cells towards an anti-inflammatory phenotype, but also suppresses the expression of factors that affect the blood–brain barrier penetration during neuroinflammation.
Thermoelectric properties of CeAl3 prepared by hot-press method

Abstract We present data on the heavy fermion compound CeAl 3 as a potential p -type thermoelectric material at cryogenic temperatures. Samples of CeAl 3 were synthesized by arc-melting, ball milling and hot pressing the nano-powder at different temperatures. Thermal conductivity ( κ ), Seebeck coefficient ( S ), electrical resistivity ( ρ ) and Hall coefficient ( R H ) of the samples were measured at temperatures ranging from 5 to 330 K. The thermoelectric properties of this compound are highly dependent on the hot-pressing (HP) temperature. The thermal conductivity increases with increase in HP temperature which is compensated by increased power factor ( S 2 ρ − 1 ). As a result the samples with higher HP temperatures exhibit higher ZT values. The highest ZT value of 0.016 at 55 K was observed for the sample hot-pressed at 800 °C. The Hall coefficient data reflects an increase in carrier concentration and a decrease in carrier mobility with decreasing hot pressing temperature.
Facets of chemical ecology in insect-plant interactions : an overview

An overall analysis of the complex interrelationships involved in insect-plant interaction has been attempted with particular reference to the mechanisms of host plant searching and acceptance, nutritional and non-nutritional factors, defense systems in plants and insects and recognition systems in plants to invasion by foreign organisms.
Kinetics of Thermal Unfolding of Phenylalanine Hydroxylase Variants Containing Different Metal Cofactors (FeII, CoII, and ZnII) and Their Isokinetic Relationship

The kinetics of thermal unfolding of apo- and holo-Chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase (cPAH) was investigated using circular dichroism (CD) over the temperature range 44-76 degrees C. In addition to the native cofactor (FeII), the unfolding kinetics of holo-cPAH was characterized using ZnII and CoII as cofactors. Kinetic profiles for apo- and holo-cPAH showed a single-phase exponential rise in the CD signal at lambda=222 nm and a first-order dependence on protein concentration. The extrapolated unfolding rate constants (ku) at ambient temperature followed the order apo>Fe>Zn>>Co. Transition-state analysis of the activation parameters revealed an isokinetic correlation, which suggests a common mechanism for the enzyme variants. The values of the entropy of activation (DeltaS++) for apo- and Fe-cPAH were negative but small: -34+/-24 and -32+/-18 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively. On the other hand, DeltaS++ values for Zn- and Co-cPAH were large and positive: 54+/-9 and 175+/-27 J mol(-1) K(-1), respectively. Therefore, at higher temperatures the unfolding rates of Zn- and Co-cPAH are affected significantly by entropy, while the unfolding rates of apo- and Fe-cPAH are dominated by enthalpy even at higher temperatures. The rate of unfolding of holo-cPAH did not depend on excess metal concentrations and maintained single-phase kinetic profiles, refuting the occurrence of adventitious metal binding and the notion that unfolding occurs via apo-cPAH exclusively. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) was employed to measure cPAH binding affinities for Fe, Zn, and Co as well as the enthalpy of metal coordination. Dissociation constants (Kd) decreased in the order Fe>Zn>Co. The non-native metals, Zn and Co, were bound more tightly than Fe. The activation enthalpy for unfolding (DeltaH++) displayed a linear correlation with the enthalpy of metal binding obtained from ITC measurements (DeltaHITC). On this basis, a common mechanism (transition state) is suggested for this family of metal cofactors, and the varying enthalpy of activation arises from the differing stabilities of enzyme variants having different metal cofactors.
Scattering integral equations for distorted transition operators

Methods for embedding phenomenological distorted-wave techniques for rearrangement and inelastic scattering within well-defined theories of multiparticle scattering are developed. The essential point of contact between the two approaches is in the definition and choice of distorting potential. It is shown that the concept of a channel coupling scheme allows a comparative freedom of choice for these potentials; if they are connected operators, such as optical potentials, then it is possible to obtain connected-kernel equations for the distorted transition operators. The latter are introduced in the course of exploiting the two-potential formula for the full transition operator and have the property that their matrix elements with respect to distorted waves are the physical scattering amplitudes. It is found that the distorted counterparts of the Kouri, Levin, and Tobocman and the Bencze-Redish integral equations maintain their connected-kernel and minimally coupled properties. These equations can be used to derive other integral equations with the same properties for the distorted-wave operators which consist of the product of the distorted transition operators and the wave operators corresponding to distorted waves. These simplifications are not realized for arbitrary channel coupling schemes. In order to deal with the general situation an alternative approach employing a subtraction techniquemore » which involves projections on the bound two-cluster channel states is introduced. When the distorting potentials are essentially the optical potentials in the entrance and exit channels a set of multichannel two-particle Lippmann-Schwinger integral equations for the two-cluster distorted-wave transition operators are obtained. Input into these two-particle integral equations involves the solution of a modified N-particle equation. Approximations to the latter are discussed in the particular cases of the Kouri, Levin, and Tobocman and Bencze-Redish channel coupling schemes.« less
REAL-TIME PREDICTION OF TRAFFIC FLOWS USING DYNAMIC GENERALIZED LINEAR MODELS

In previous real-time flow prediction studies, the emphasis was placed on the prediction accuracy of the model. The accuracy of the prediction bounds (or limits), on the other hand, was largely ignored. Prediction bounds are, however, important input parameters in such applications as real-time stochastic traffic control, incident detection, and route guidance in the context of dynamic traffic assignment. The objectives of this study are to explore the statistical nature of traffic flows when aggregated at short time intervals and to examine the potential of using the generalized linear model in the dynamic setting to predict traffic flows and provide prediction bounds. Specifically, this study derives recursive algorithms based on the quasi-likelihood principle and performs on-line, multiple-step-ahead predictions of short-term arrival flows for signalized intersections. Preliminary results are presented using a simulated data set from CORSIM and a real data set collected from signalized intersections.
Interactions between glyphosate and imazethapyr on four annual weeds

Abstract Greenhouse and field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of various combinations of imazethapyr (0, 23, 46, and 70 g ai/ha) with glyphosate (0, 210, 420, 630, and 840 g ae/ha) on Setaria faberi, Amaranthus rudis, Abutilon theophrasti, and Ipomoea hederacea control. Additivity was the most frequently observed interaction and no synergistic interaction occurred throughout this study. The combination of imazethapyr with glyphosate at 210 g/ha caused an antagonistic response on Setaria faberi. Glyphosate at 420 g/ha with or without imazethapyr provided at least 95% control of Setaria faberi. The interaction between glyphosate and imazethapyr was additive on Amaranthus rudis control. Eight of the twenty-one herbicide combinations were antagonistic on Abutilon theophrasti control. Antagonistic interactions occurred when 46 or 70 g/ha of imazethapyr was added to 420 or 630 g/ha of glyphosate; while no antagonistic interactions were noted when glyphosate rate was 840 g/ha. The interactions on Ipomoea hederacea control were additive when the glyphosate rate was at least 420 g/ha. Glyphosate at 210 g/ha plus imazethapyr at 46 or 70 g/ha caused antagonistic interactions on Ipomoea hederacea control. Weed control tended to be more variable when the glyphosate rate was 210 g/ha and the imazethapyr rate was 46 or 70 g/ha. In general, the addition of imazethapyr to low rates of glyphosate improved control of Amaranthus rudis and Ipomoea hederacea and did not improve control of Setaria faberi and Abutilon theophrasti.
The conflicting logics of cross-border reterritorialization: Geopolitics of Euroregions in Eastern Europe

Abstract Europe is currently experiencing an unprecedented process of reterritorialization in the context of European Union integration. Central to this process is the implementation of various cross-border cooperation schemes, commonly known as Euroregions, aimed at redefining fixed, border-induced Westphalian territoriality. The literature on Euroregions has primarily examined the reterritorialization of state power and institutions across borders, documenting the emergence of cross-border governance networks. However, the territorial underpinning of cross-border reterritorialization, as well as the process of territorial constitution of cross-border spaces has been less well explored. This paper examines cross-border reterritorialization from a geopolitical perspective informed by multi-scalar conceptualizations of political territoriality. Actors at supranational, national and local scales often follow territorial logics that are at odds with each other. Competing meanings of territory and territoriality interact to produce a geopolitics of Euroregions that shapes cross-border reterritorialization. The paper focuses on the Euroregions established at the current fringes of the EU, in the Romanian–Ukrainian–Moldovan borderlands.
Search for the Standard Model Higgs Boson with the Aleph Deterctor at LEP2

As the LEP collider at CERN has increased its maximum center-of-mass energy to 209 GeV, a total integrated luminosity of 99.8 pb-1 has been collected in the ALEPH detector. The ALEPH searches for Higgs bosons have been updated, But no firm evidence for Higgs production has been observed. Standard Model Higgs boson production is excluded at 95% confidence level for Higgs masses less than 111.1 GeV/c2, and the combined LEP results exclude Higgs masses below 113.3 GeV/c2. The recently-granted LEP extension will allow the a currently 2σ fluctuation from background expectation at mH = 115 GeV/c2 to become more significant if it is truly due to Higgs production.
The design and synthesis of 2,5-linked pyrrolinones. A potential non-peptide peptidomimetic scaffold

Abstract The de novo design and initial synthetic studies directed toward construction of a novel non-peptide scaffold for β-strand/sheet and related secondary peptide structural mimics are described. The scaffold, consisting of a repeating array of 2,5,5-trisubstituted pyrrolinone (enaminone) units punctuated with appropriate amino acid side chains, is conceptually related to our previously successful 3,5-linked polypyrrolinone non-peptide peptidomimetic scaffold. Construction of the 2,5,5-trisubstituted pyrrolinone ring system proceeds via intramolecular condensation of an N-protected amino dione. The latter is prepared from a protected α-amino ketone and aldehyde via an aldol-oxidation reaction sequence.
An empirical open-economy macro model with credit

Abstract We estimate a model of the credit view of the transmission mechanism, in which the effect of movements in the exchange rate are explicit. We find, first, that changes in credit are at least as important as any other variable in explaining movements in output, prices and interest rates. This reconfirms what others have found concerning the importance of credit in the transmission mechanism. Second, and more novel, we find significant effects from changes in exchange rates on credit. The results imply that the recent emphasis placed by the Federal Reserve on monitoring exchange rates has been wise.
Mutual impedance of nonplanar-skew sinusoidal dipoles

The mutual impedance of nonplanar-skew sinusoidal dipoles is presented rigorously as a summation of several exponential integrals with complex arguments.
CHRONIC MATERNAL THIRD TRIMESTER HYPOXIA ON MEDIONINE ENKEPHALIN LEVELS IN PRETERM RABIT BRAINSTEN

Acute hypoxia alters the content of the neuropeptide methionine enkephalin (ME) within specific brainstem regions involved in respiratory control. This alteration is both age and region specific (Ped Res 20:655-657, 1986). Since ME is implicated in abnormalities of respiratory control, particularly in the newborn, we examined the effect of chronic hypoxia on ME levels within specific brainstem regions of prenatal animals. 6 pregnant animals were placed in environmental chambers at gestational day E-10. Between days E-14 and E-28, 3 pregnant animals breathed 21% O2 (control) and 3 pregnant animals breathed 14% O2. On E-28 (term = E30-31) the fetuses were delivered by hysterotomy and immediately sacrificed. The brains were removed and sectioned into the colliculi, pons and medulla, and ME measured by RIA. The results are reported as ng ME/mg protein ± SEM and are tabulated below: These data show: 1) In both control and hypoxia exposed fetuses ME is greatest in the medulla, lesser in the pons and lowest in the colliculi and 2) ME is increased within the pons (a regulator of respiratory frequency) of prenatally hypoxia-exposed animals. This tendency (but not significance) is also seen in the medulla of hypoxia-exposed animals. These results offer additional support for a role of ME in abnormalities of respiratory control under basal conditions and a role in the increased susceptibility of the hypoxic preterm infant.
The Course of Well-Being in Romantic Relationships: Predicting Positive Affect in Dating Participants

People use different methods to make themselves happier, but their attempts at lasting happiness are often thwarted by the hedonic adaptation process. We examined changes in well-being over 8 weeks in participants who were involved in romantic relationships and those who were not. On average, both groups declined in well-being over time, but the relationship group experienced more positive emotions overall. High positive affect was predicted by higher aspirations, higher passionate love, and being in a same-ethnicity relationship. None of the variables we measured significantly predicted changes in positive affect over time, which may be due to the short duration of the study.
Vegetative and climatic controls on Holocene wildfire and erosion recorded in alluvial fans of the Middle Fork Salmon River, Idaho

The Middle Fork Salmon River watershed spans high-elevation mixed-conifer forests to lower-elevation shrub-steppe. In recent decades, runoff from severely burned hillslopes has generated large debris flows in steep tributary drainages. These flows incised alluvial fans along the mainstem river, where charcoal-rich debris-flow and sheetflood deposits preserve a record of latest Pleistocene to Holocene fires and geomorphic response. Through deposit sedimentology and 14C dating of charcoal, we evaluate the processes and timing of fire-related sedimentation and the role of climate and vegetation change. Fire-related deposits compose ~66% of the total measured fan deposit thickness in more densely forested upper basins versus ~33% in shrub-steppe-dominated lower basins. Fires during the middle Holocene (~8000–5000 cal. yr BP) mostly resulted in sheetflood deposition, similar to modern events in lower basins. Decreased vegetation density during this generally warmer and drier period likely resulted in lower-sev...
Atmospheric transmission testing using a portable, tunable, high power thulium fiber laser system

A narrow linewidth thulium fiber laser is tuned from 1945 – 2090 nm to investigate atmospheric transmission at 1 km. Results confirm simulations with high transmission >2025 nm and strong atmospheric absorption <1960 nm.
The 1990 census: how good is it?

Abstract In 1990, Americans took their twenty-first decennial census. The numbers will be used to reapportion Congress and state and local legislative bodies, and to provide the broadest data on the population for the decade. Critics of the census have challenged its accuracy. A coalition of cities and civil rights organizations have sued the Commerce Department to force the Census Bureau to adjust the complete count for a projected undercount of residents in poor inner city neighborhoods. This article evaluates the 1990 census in light of its constitutional functions and the demographic history of the United States. It provides some principles which may be used to judge the quality and adequacy of the census.
Acetylcholinesterase Activity in the Optic Lobes of Chicks at Hatching

ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE (AChE) activity is used as an indicator of the development of function in the central nervous system (CNS). In the spinal cord of the chick embryo, AChE reaches a peak activity after 2 weeks of incubation and corresponds with the functional development of the chick spinal cord (ref. 1 and Turbow, M. M., and Burkhalter, A., in preparation). For example, chick embryos show full flexor-extensor seizures elicited by direct stimulation of the spinal cord at 14 days of incubation1. Observations by Lindeman2 have shown that the pupillary constrictor reflex can first be elicited by stimulating the chick retina at 18 days of incubation and corresponds with a sharp rise in ACh content and an increase in AChE activity. Peters et al.3 have found that the electrical activity in the optic lobes is sharply increased at about 18 days of incubation, a time at which AChE activity begins to rise sharply. AChE activity has also been correlated with the functional and morphological development of the synapse in the spinal cord of the rat foetus4,5.
Delayed hemodynamic responses in schizophrenia.

Abstract While there are many reports of reduced amplitude of hemodynamic responses in schizophrenia, there are no reports of delayed hemodynamic responses, in spite of event-related brain potential (ERP) evidence of slowed neural responses. Recently, Henson et al. (2002) [Henson, R., Price, C., Rugg, M., Turner, R., Friston, K., 2002. Detecting latency differences in event-related BOLD responses: application to words versus nonwords and initial versus repeated face presentations. NeuroImage, 15:83–97] proposed a new method for testing small latency effects ( P n = 12) and sex- and age-matched healthy control subjects ( n = 12) were recruited from the community. Although groups differed only minimally in activation height, hemodynamic responses were significantly delayed in basal ganglia, thalamus, and anterior cingulate in patients with schizophrenia. Psychomotor slowing reflected in reaction times to targets recorded outside the magnet was related to hemodynamic slowing in basal ganglia, anterior cingulate, thalamus, as well as left cerebellum in controls. Delays in the hemodynamic response have far-reaching implications for understanding the pathophysiology of schizophrenia from slowed neural responses to slowed substrate delivery, and depending of the degree of delay, may raise methodological issues regarding modeling hemodynamic responses in patients and controls.
Optimal stabilization policy with instruments of differing frequency

Abstract This paper presents an alternative solution for the optimal control problem of a linear econometric model whose control variables are subject to different frequency of adjustment. The suggested solution is basically a combination of open-loop and closed-loop controls laws, the former being applied for the variables of lower frequency and the latter for those of higher frequency.
Subsets of midbrain dopaminergic neurons in monkeys are distinguished by different levels of mRNA for the dopamine transporter: Comparison with the mRNA for the D2 receptor, tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin immunoreactivity

The midbrain dopamine system can be divided into two groups of cells based on chemical characteristics and connectivity. The dorsal tier neurons, which include the dorsal pars compacta and the ventral tegmental area, are calbindin positive, and project to the shell of the nucleus accumbens. The ventral tier neurons are calbindin-negative and project to the sensonmotor striatum. This study examined the distribution of the mRNAs for the dopamine transporter molecule (DAT) and the D2 receptor in the midbrain of monkeys by using in situ hybridization. The distribution patterns were compared to that of tyrosine hydroxylase and calbindin immunohistochemistry. The results show that high levels of hybridization for DAT and the D2 receptor mRNA are found in the ventral tier, calbindin-negative neurons and relatively low levels are found in the dorsal, calbindin-positive tier. Within the dorsal tier, the dorsal substantia nigra pars compacta has the least amount of both messages. These results show that in monkeys, the ventral tegmental area and the dorsal pars compacta form a dorsal continuum of dopamine neurons which express lower levels of mRNA for DAT and D2 receptor than the ventral tier. DAT has been shown to be involved in the selective neurotoxicity of N-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Different levels of DAT mRNA and calbindin may explain the differential effects of MPTP neurotoxicity. © 1995 Wiley-Liss Inc.
Dimensions of spaces of Siegel modular forms of low weight in degree four

We calculate the dimensions of using Erokhin's work on Niemeier lattices and geometric methods involving the hyperelliptic locus.
Intracortical evoked potentials of cats elicited by punctate visual stimuli in receptive field peripheries.

Abstract Intracortical visual evoked potentials, related to stimulus eccentricity from receptive field center, were investigated as a possible measure of interaction among adjacent populations of cortical neurons. Displacement of the stimuli from field center resulted in (1) a progressive decline in amplitude of the primary potential and (2) an enhancement or development of longer latency (60–100 ms) ‘secondary’ potentials often not apparent with field center stimulation.
Production-induced Normal Faulting in the Valhall and Ekofisk Oil Fields

In situ stress and pore pressure data from the Valhall and Ekofisk oil reservoirs indicate that at the onset of production in both fields an incipient state of normal faulting existed in the crest of the anticlinal structures. In contrast, on the flanks of the structures the initial least principal stress values indicate an almost isotropic state of stress. Oil production from both fields caused marked pore pressure reductions as well as poroelastic reductions of the least principal stress in both the crest and flanks of the two structures. We demonstrate that as a result of production-induced pore pressure and stress changes, normal faulting appears to have spread out from the crests of the structures on to the flanks. Further evidence of a normal faulting stress state at Valhall has been found using data from a passive seismic monitoring experiment. Numerous microearthquakes were recorded during a six week monitoring period that are located at the very top of the reservoir or in the shale caprock immediately above it. An inverse/composite focal plane mechanism of these microearthquakes is consistent with a normal faulting stress regime.