cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Graph clustering with network structure indices

Graph clustering has become ubiquitous in the study of relational data sets. We examine two simple algorithms: a new graphical adaptation of the k-medoids algorithm and the Girvan-Newman method based on edge betweenness centrality. We show that they can be effective at discovering the latent groups or communities that are defined by the link structure of a graph. However, both approaches rely on prohibitively expensive computations, given the size of modern relational data sets. Network structure indices (NSIs) are a proven technique for indexing network structure and efficiently finding short paths. We show how incorporating NSIs into these graph clustering algorithms can overcome these complexity limitations. We also present promising quantitative and qualitative evaluations of the modified algorithms on synthetic and real data sets.
Linking organizational socialization tactics with corporate human resource management strategies

Abstract Researchers have started to discuss how socialization programs can be used to meet the external challenges of organizations, and how human resource management policies on socialization can be used to facilitate meeting corporate strategic goals. This article explores ways of harnessing socialization tactics constructively and purposefully to important organizational strategic goals.
Ubiquitylation by Trim32 causes coupled loss of desmin, Z-bands, and thin filaments in muscle atrophy

During muscle atrophy, myofibrillar proteins are degraded in an ordered process in which MuRF1 catalyzes ubiquitylation of thick filament components (Cohen et al. 2009. J. Cell Biol. http://dx.doi.org/10.1083/jcb.200901052). Here, we show that another ubiquitin ligase, Trim32, ubiquitylates thin filament (actin, tropomyosin, troponins) and Z-band (α-actinin) components and promotes their degradation. Down-regulation of Trim32 during fasting reduced fiber atrophy and the rapid loss of thin filaments. Desmin filaments were proposed to maintain the integrity of thin filaments. Accordingly, we find that the rapid destruction of thin filament proteins upon fasting was accompanied by increased phosphorylation of desmin filaments, which promoted desmin ubiquitylation by Trim32 and degradation. Reducing Trim32 levels prevented the loss of both desmin and thin filament proteins. Furthermore, overexpression of an inhibitor of desmin polymerization induced disassembly of desmin filaments and destruction of thin filament components. Thus, during fasting, desmin phosphorylation increases and enhances Trim32-mediated degradation of the desmin cytoskeleton, which appears to facilitate the breakdown of Z-bands and thin filaments.
Development of a high voltage, high frequency, fast dV/dt tester for the study of failure mechanisms in dielectric materials

A bipolar, high voltage, high frequency pulse generator, with fast dv/dt rise time, was designed and assembled, based on stacked MOSFET modules. This unique design was implemented for the study of the impact of transient voltage with high repetition frequency on polymer insulation materials. Due to its all solid-state component design, the generator provides easily controllable output voltage magnitude (+/−10kV), frequency (<=20kHz), and duty cycle ratio (10–90%). Practical considerations, such as circuit layout, high voltage/current protection, EMI, thermal management, etc., are discussed in the paper. Simulation and experimental results are included to verify the generator's performance.
Pulsed excitation of nonlinear distributed coupling into zinc oxide optical guides

Prism and grating coupling of high-energy laser pulses into thin-film ZnO waveguides has been investigated experimentally by using nanosecond and picosecond pulses. Large decreases in the coupling efficiency, angular shifts in the optimum coupling angle, and pulse distortion have all been observed with increasing pulse energy, primarily at 532 nm but also at 572 and 750 nm. Pulse-probe experiments indicated an intensity-dependent refractive index with a nonlinearity turn-off time of 1 μsec, in good agreement with calculations based on a thermal nonlinearity. The experimental observations were interpreted successfully in terms of a traveling-wave interaction between the incident and generated guided-wave fields for incident pulses of duration much shorter than the nonlinearity recovery time.
A literate programming design language

A literate programming paradigm that provides an environment suitable for documenting and organizing the low-level design of a system is presented. It is shown that a literate program design language (PDL) strengthens the bridge design and implementation activities since the documentation generated during the design phase can be used directly as a shell for program construction. In this type of language, module names and program constructs appear as labeled modules which can be directly expanded into their equivalent code. >
The twin challenges of child labor and youth employment in Ethiopia

Ethiopia accounts for the largest youth population in Sub-Saharan Africa and the lack of employment opportunities for Ethiopian young people is among the critical developing challenges facing the country. The specific factors affecting youth employment in Ethiopia have received little research attention. There is therefore limited empirical basis for formulating policies and programs promoting youth employment and successful school to work transitions. This study is aimed at beginning to fill this gap by analyzing a set of youth employment indicators drawn primarily from the 2001 Ethiopia Labor Force Survey. The study looks specifically at the labor market outcomes of young people and key factors influencing these outcomes, including early labor market entry and human capital accumulation. It also examines the process of labor market entry, and, for those who attended school, the duration of the transition from school to work.
Genome-wide analysis identifies changes in histone retention and epigenetic modifications at developmental and imprinted gene loci in the sperm of infertile men

background: The sperm chromatin of fertile men retains a small number of nucleosomes that are enriched at developmental gene promoters and imprinted gene loci. This unique chromatin packaging at certain gene promoters provides these genomic loci the ability to convey instructive epigenetic information to the zygote, potentially expanding the role and significance of the sperm epigenome in embryogenesis. We hypothesize that changes in chromatin packaging may be associated with poor reproductive outcome. methods: Seven patients with reproductive dysfunction were recruited: three had unexplained poor embryogenesis during IVF and four were diagnosed with male infertility and previously shown to have altered protamination. Genome-wide analysis of the location of histones and histone modifications was analyzed by isolation and purification of DNA bound to histones and protamines. The histone-bound fraction of DNA was analyzed using high-throughput sequencing, both initially and following chromatin immunoprecipitation. The protamine-bound fraction was hybridized to agilent arrays. DNA methylation was examined using bisulfite sequencing. results: Unlike fertile men, five of seven infertile men had non-programmatic (randomly distributed) histone retention genome-wide. Interestingly, in contrast to the total histone pool, the localization of H3 Lysine 4 methylation (H3K4me) or H3 Lysine 27 methylation (H3K27me) was highly similar in the gametes of infertile men compared with fertile men. However, there was a reduction in the amount of H3K4me or H3K27me retained at developmental transcription factors and certain imprinted genes. Finally, the methylation status of candidate developmental promoters and imprinted loci were altered in a subset of the infertile men. conclusions: This initial genome-wide analysis of epigenetic markings in the sperm of infertile men demonstrates differences in composition and epigenetic markings compared with fertile men, especially at certain imprinted and developmental loci. Although no single locus displays a complete change in chromatin packaging or DNA modification, the data suggest that moderate changes throughout the genome exist and may have a cumulative detrimental effect on fecundity.
Studies of the Formation of Cerium‐Rich Protective Films Using X‐Ray Absorption Near‐Edge Spectroscopy and Rotating Disk Electrode Methods

The deposition of cerium-rich films on copper under cathodic polarization was studied as a model system for understanding the mechanism of corrosion inhibition of copper-containing aluminum alloys. Deposition was also studied on gold and iron for comparison with copper. Inhibition of corrosion of the aluminum alloys is achieved by deposition of a cerium-rich film on the copper-containing intermetallics that blocks the cathodic reduction of oxygen at these sites. X-ray absorption near-edge structure measurements show that cerium-rich films precipitated from aerated solutions are in the tetravalent state. Thermodynamically, the Pourbaix diagram predicts that under these conditions cerium should be in the trivalent state. This indicates that cerium chemistry is determined by processes in the solution rather than the potential of the electrode. Cerium-rich film formation is dependent on reduction of oxygen which influences the oxidation of Ce(III) to Ce(IV) in solution and precipitation of the film by changing the local pH at the electrode. The generation of hydrogen peroxide by oxygen reduction is considered to enhance cerium-rich film formation by oxidizing Ce(III) to Ce(IV) in solution. This was confirmed by addition of hydrogen peroxide to the solution.
Weighted least-squares, cost density-shaping, stochastic optimal control: A step towards total probabilistic control design

To date, both moment-based and cumulant-based stochastic control schemes have been proposed to constrain statistics of the random cost functional in the stochastic optimal control formalism. However, existing methodologies do not enable the designer to deliberately shape the probability density function of the random cost according to a pre-specified target density characterized by a finite number of cost statistics. Since the mean, variance, skew, and kurtosis of a variate are strongly associated with the appearance of its density function, a cumulant-based control paradigm that can steer four or more cost cumulants towards nominal target values would be ideal for cost density-shaping objectives. Bearing this idea in mind, we propose a novel weighted least-squares optimization problem of minimizing a weighted sum of squared differences between initial cost cumulants and target initial cost cumulants, for arbitrarily-many terms. The problem is solved using dynamic programming techniques adapted for the cost cumulant-generating equations of the Linear Quadratic Gaussian (LQG) framework. The Minimum Weighted Least-Squares, Cost Density-Shaping (MWLS-CDS) optimal controller results and is applied in a building protection problem. It is shown that MWLS-CDS controls can achieve target cost cumulants resultant from a family of 3CC controls to within a 0.5% margin of normalized error.
RAFting the rapids of axon regeneration signaling.

The functional regeneration of damaged axons and severed connections in the mature central nervous system (CNS) remains a challenging goal of neurological research. Mature CNS neurons are refractory to axon regeneration for two major reasons, one, because the activity of cell-intrinsic mechanisms that drive axon growth during development is low – and often further suppressed after an injury – and two, because certain molecules that are part of mature extracellular matrix and myelin act as strong inhibitors of axon growth. Genetic removal of growth inhibitory molecules can increase axon sprouting, but is not sufficient to enable long-range axon growth. Since axon growth is robust during early developmental stages, it has long been hypothesized that mature injured neurons may be “reprogrammed” to the earlier growth state by re-activation of the intracellular growth signaling cascades that drive axon elongation in the developing fetus.
Methylation of expanded CCG triplet repeat DNA from fragile X syndrome patients enhances nucleosome exclusion.

Long tracts of CCG trinucleotide or CCGNN pentanucleotide repeats in DNA have previously been shown to resist assembly into nucleosomes. This may provide a molecular explanation for the nature of certain rare, folate-sensitive fragile sites in human chromosomes that contain expanded CCG triplet tracts. Further, it is known that methylation of CpG dinucleotides at or near these fragile sites enhances the fragile phenotype. Here DNAs containing 76 tandem CCG triplets or 48 CCGNN pentanucleotide repeats were methylated with SssI methylase at three different levels of methylation. Using competitive nucleosome reconstitution/gel shift assays, the ability of these DNAs and a mixed sequence DNA from the pUC19 plasmid were compared in their ability to assemble into nucleosomes. DNA methylation had no significant effect on nucleosome formation over the pUC 19 fragment. However, the highly methylated DNAs containing 76 CCG triplets or 48 CCGNN pentanucleotide repeats were 2.0 ± 0.2-fold and 2.1 ± 0.3-fold less efficient in nucleosome assembly than the respective unmethylated forms, and 4.4 ± 0.4-fold and 12.6 ± 1.6-fold less efficient than a pUC19 fragment of similar length.
Clio and Criminal Justice

Criminal justice education has been anti-historical. The purpose of this paper is to suggest why this is so and to offer a reason why the study of criminal justice in the historical context should be included in the curriculum of criminal justice programs.
Root cortical burden influences drought tolerance in maize

BACKGROUND AND AIMS Root cortical aerenchyma (RCA) increases water and nutrient acquisition by reducing the metabolic costs of soil exploration. In this study the hypothesis was tested that living cortical area (LCA; transversal root cortical area minus aerenchyma area and intercellular air space) is a better predictor of root respiration, soil exploration and, therefore, drought tolerance than RCA formation or root diameter. METHODS RCA, LCA, root respiration, root length and biomass loss in response to drought were evaluated in maize (Zea mays) recombinant inbred lines grown with adequate and suboptimal irrigation in soil mesocosms. KEY RESULTS Root respiration was highly correlated with LCA. LCA was a better predictor of root respiration than either RCA or root diameter. RCA reduced respiration of large-diameter roots. Since RCA and LCA varied in different parts of the root system, the effects of RCA and LCA on root length were complex. Greater crown-root LCA was associated with reduced crown-root length relative to total root length. Reduced LCA was associated with improved drought tolerance. CONCLUSIONS The results are consistent with the hypothesis that LCA is a driver of root metabolic costs and may therefore have adaptive significance for water acquisition in drying soil.
Methodology for Optimizing Parameters of Noise-Abatement Approach Procedures

Noise abatement approach procedures reduce the noise impact on communities surrounding airports by enabling aircraft to descend at lower power and along higher vertical path than standard approaches procedures. A design challenge of theses procedure is the selection of the procedure parameters that minimize the adverse impact of delay in the pilot response and uncertainty in the atmospheric condition. In this paper, a methodology developed to determine the optimum design parameters is presented. The methodology involved: 1) conducting a simulator-based, human factors experiment to obtain models of pilot delay in extending flaps/gear in conditions with and without turbulence; 2) formulating the procedure’s parameters as strategic and tactical control variables; 3) using the pilot delay models and the parameter formulation to perform a Monte Carlo Simulation to resolve the conflicting objectives of reducing noise and increasing probability of target achievement. Simulation results showed that the flap schedule has to be designed to get the aircraft to its desired speed at a target altitude that is 50-ft higher than the desired altitude when there is no turbulence, and 200-ft higher than the desired altitude when there is turbulence; 4) determining the feasibility space of the parameters in different wind conditions. Results showed that when the wind uncertainty is large, accounting for the uncertainty in the procedure design significantly reduces the effectiveness of the procedure. A discussion on the implementation of strategic and tactical control variables is also provided.
Energy metabolism and effects of energy depletion or exposure to glutamate.

The entire program of the first day of the IBRO satellite meeting entitled Ions, Water, and Energy in Brain Cells was devoted to the subject of energy. There were three sessions on the topics of energy metabolism, activation, and development and pathological conditions, followed by a final general discussion on the contents of the day's topics. During this general discussion there were spirited exchanges on the role of glycogen in the energy metabolism of the brain, on the metabolic source of the energy consumed by functional activity, e.g., glycolytic or oxidative energy metabolism, and on the sources of the acid-equivalents that are responsible for the tissue acidosis accompanying cerebral hypoxia. Despite the arguments pro and con presented on all of the issues that were discussed, it is doubtful that a consensus was achieved on most of the issues.
Parental satisfaction with early pediatric care and immunization of young children: The mediating role of age-appropriate well-child care utilization

Design:Secondary analyses of cohort data from the National Evaluation of Healthy Steps for Young Children. Data sources included an enrollment questionnaire, parent interview at 2 to 4 months, and medical records. Setting:Twenty-fourpediatricpracticesacrosstheUnited States. Participants: A total of 4896 (85%) of the initial 5565 enrolled families who were interviewed at 2 to 4 months and had abstracted medical records. Main Exposure: Parental satisfaction with overall pediatric care assessed at 2 to 4 months as excellent, good, or fair/poor. Main Outcome Measures: Age-appropriate first dose ofdiphtheria-tetanus-pertussis;thirddoseofdiphtheriatetanus-pertussis; and measles, mumps, and rubella vaccinations; and up-to-date vaccinations at 24 months (4 diphtheria-tetanus-pertussis, 3 polio, and 1 measles, mumps, and rubella). Results:Themajorityofparentsweresatisfiedwiththeir child’s health care; only 4% rated overall care as fair or poor. Children whose parents reported fair/poor satisfaction with care had a reduced odds of receiving age-appropriate first dose of diphtheria-tetanuspertussis vaccination (odds ratio, 0.43; 95% confidence interval, 0.28-0.67); third dose of diphtheria-tetanuspertussis vaccination (odds ratio, 0.52; 95% confidence interval,0.36-0.74);andmeasles,mumps,andrubellavaccination(oddsratio,0.58;95%confidenceinterval,0.370.92); and of being up to date by 24 months (odds ratio, 0.65;95%confidenceinterval,0.43-0.99)comparedwith children whose parents reported excellent care, independent of sociodemographic and maternal health care– utilization variables. The negative effect of fair/poor satisfaction on immunization was largely explained by reduced utilization of age-appropriate well-child care.
War, Sports, and the Construction of Masculinity in American Christianity

Since at least the late 19th century, American Christians have focused attention on the ways faith promotes (or inhibits) masculinity. ‘Muscular Christians’ in the late 19th century imagined Jesus as a robust, manly figure and encouraged the development of a vigorous, masculine faith on playing fields and battlefields. Subsequent generations of mainline Protestants and evangelicals also promoted American war efforts and latched on to amateur and professional athletics, even though critics pointed out how Christians ignored the violence, corruption, and scandal associated with the army and big-time sports. The alliance of evangelical Christians and masculine institutions like the military and professional football has solidified in recent decades.
But the usability people said it was okay . . . or, how not to “Do Usability”

It is sometimes hard to remember to apply usability principles in doing user-centered design. Usability staff members tend to be flexible and have good design skills, so it is pretty common for them to get called in for ad-hoc projects in companies. Often, these quick design reviews are great opportunities to show the potential benefits of work and make inroads into new areas of a company. The challenge is to choose these projects wisely. Despite best efforts, the term “usability” is still not as usable as it should be, and people without knowledge of the area sometimes pigeonhole usability staff as “the people who police design.” This is a very limiting role, and best is to be done to educate the companies about the full range of services. The risk in participating in these quick projects is that some basic background is not provided about the context of user-centered design and clients are left without enough contexts to understand what we did. The chapter discusses the importance to get a feeling for the real deadlines, potential additional resources, and, especially, any unstated goals or hidden agendas in the project.
On the Predictive Validity of MDS: An Experimental Investigation into the Source of Data and the Method of Similarity Matrix Derivation

Measurement of consumer preferences and perceptions is of continual interest to marketing managers. By understanding how consumers perceive and react to the many viable choice alternatives, managers can better develop positioning and marketing strategies for their products and services. These perceptual representations can be derived through various techniques including cluster analysis, conjoint analysis, discriminant analysis, factor analysis, and nonmetric multidimensional scaling, which is the focus of the current study. This study begins to address the lack of research concerning the comparability of two factors important to the constuction of perceptual maps: (1) the data collection methods — the type of data and (2) the methods used to derive similarity measures.
CONFIRMING THE PSOC THROUGH DISCOURSE: TOWARD A GROUNDED THEORY OF DISCURSIVE SENSE OF COMMUNITY (DSOC)

The psychological sense of community (PSOC) is a valued yet quantitatively underconfirmed construct that forms the foundation of our understanding of community. The current study aimed at and succeeded in confirming the factors, where traditional methods have failed. Using grounded theory as an alternate route to reaching this goal, the current study of 2,298 Facebook comments, surrounding anti-lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, questioning, queer (LGBTQ) remarks made by the CEO of the Barilla pasta brand, revealed cogent communities of LGBTQ, allies, Christians, and opponents, which used each of McMillan and Chavis’ (1986) factors in their discourse, thus confirming PSOC. The discursive residue of PSOC indicated a new phenomenon, discursive sense of community (DSOC), which emerged from factors of expectations and empowerment. The DSOC appeared as a defensive strategy to mitigate minority stress. Testing the model against other datasets is recommended, to determine the extent to which this particular incident (i.e., a member of one group making an offensive comment to members of another group) shaped the qualitative findings.
Augmented HR repair mediates acquired temozolomide resistance in glioblastoma

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common and aggressive primary brain tumor in adults and is universally fatal. The DNA alkylating agent temozolomide is part of the standard-of-care for GBM. However, these tumors eventually develop therapy-driven resistance and inevitably recur. While loss of mismatch repair (MMR) and re-expression of MGMT have been shown to underlie chemoresistance in a fraction of GBMs, resistance mechanisms operating in the remaining GBMs are not well understood. To better understand the molecular basis for therapy-driven temozolomide resistance, mice bearing orthotopic GBM xenografts were subjected to protracted temozolomide treatment, and cell lines were generated from the primary (untreated) and recurrent (temozolomide-treated) tumors. As expected, the cells derived from primary tumors were sensitive to temozolomide, whereas the cells from the recurrent tumors were significantly resistant to the drug. Importantly, the acquired resistance to temozolomide in the recurrent lines was not driven by re-expression of MGMT or loss of MMR but was due to accelerated repair of temozolomide-induced DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Temozolomide induces DNA replication–associated DSBs that are primarily repaired by the homologous recombination (HR) pathway. Augmented HR appears to underpin temozolomide resistance in the recurrent lines, as these cells were cross-resistant to other agents that induced replication-associated DSBs, exhibited faster resolution of damage-induced Rad51 foci, and displayed higher levels of sister chromatid exchanges (SCE). Furthermore, in light of recent studies demonstrating that CDK1 and CDK2 promote HR, it was found that CDK1/2 inhibitors countered the heightened HR in recurrent tumors and sensitized these therapy-resistant tumor cells to temozolomide. Implications: Augmented HR repair is a novel mechanism underlying acquired temozolomide resistance in GBM, and this raises the possibility of improving the therapeutic response to temozolomide by targeting HR with small-molecule inhibitors of CDK1/2. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 928–40. ©2016 AACR.
Development of a specialty medication prior-authorization service at an urban academic medical center.

Purpose The project in which a clinical pharmacist enlisted the help of pharmacy students to create a team responsible for prior-authorization (PA) paperwork associated with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection treatment is described. Summary Many insurance companies require completion of a time-consuming PA process for approval of high-cost specialty medications, such as those used in the treatment of HCV infection. A clinical pharmacist at an urban academic medical center recruited pharmacy students to assist with and streamline the HCV medication PA process. After training, the students developed a protocol to increase the efficiency of completing PA requests, appealing denials, obtaining PA extensions, and documenting progress in the electronic medical record to ensure continuity of care. The PA team collaborated with clinicians to document proof of medical need and worked with insurers, pharmacies, and patients to achieve timely approval and receipt of medications. From June 2014 to March 2015, three students spent 240 hours developing the PA protocol and completing 88 PA requests, with an overall medication approval rate of 87.7%; 18 patients were also referred to medication assistance programs. The PA team’s work allowed the clinical pharmacist to spend more time on clinical activities and scholarship, while the students increased their knowledge of HCV disease and HCV-targeted therapies and improved their skills in written and verbal communication with patients, providers, and insurance companies. Conclusion Pharmacy students successfully implemented a PA team to manage prescription approval for HCV medications with assistance from a clinical pharmacist.
Exploring Human-Technology Interaction in Layered Security Military Applications

System-of-systems modeling has traditionally focused on physical systems rather than humans, but recent events have proved the necessity of considering the human in the loop. As technology becomes more complex and layered security continues to increase in importance, capturing humans and their interactions with technologies within the system-of-systems will be increasingly necessary. After an extensive job-task analysis, a novel type of system-of-systems simulation model has been created to capture the human-technology interactions on an extra-small forward operating base to better understand performance, key security drivers, and the robustness of the base. In addition to the model, an innovative framework for using detection theory to calculate d’ for individual elements of the layered security system, and for the entire security system as a whole, is under development.
Online dating system design and relational decision making: Choice, algorithms, and control

One of the most popular ways to initiate romantic relationships today is through online dating. Typical dating systems follow one of three formats, see-and-screen (e.g., Match.com), algorithm (e.g., eHarmony.com), and blended (e.g., OkCupid.com), which differ in the amount of individual control and algorithmic involvement they offer users. Do different features affect daters' decisions and expectations regarding relational development with selected partners? Study 1 indicated that although daters appreciated the personal control over mate selection afforded by see-and-screen systems, they also enjoyed using algorithmic systems. Study 2 found that blended systems provided “the best of both worlds” by offering dual benefits of control and algorithmic validation during mate selection. Findings shed light on self-determination theory, decision making, and relationship formation more broadly.
Security in WSNs

Security in wireless sensor networks (WSNs) is centered on six fundamental requirements namely, authentication, confidentiality, integrity, reliability, availability and data freshness [4, 39, 52, 62]. In this chapter, we describe these requirements, the different kinds of attacks that aim to compromise these requirements (and hence the security of a WSN) and the defense mechanisms that can be employed to overcome these attacks.
Richard Zaner on Transcendentality, Eidos and Phantasy

The body of philosophic work produced by Richard Zaner can be divided into two distinct but deeply integrated and inseparable parts. His earlier work focused on core themes in phenomenology, mostly approached from a Husserlian standpoint, and his later work has dealt with themes in ethics, particularly medical ethics.
Reactions of the Dirhenium(II) Complexes Re2X4(μ-dppm)2 (X=Cl, Br; dppm=Ph2PCH2PPh2) with Isocyanides. XXII. A Comparison of Mixed Carbonyl–Isocyanide Complexes with Those Formed by Re2Cl4(μ-dcpm)2 (dcpm=Cy2PCH2PCy2)

The reactions of the electron-rich triply bonded dirhenium(II) complex Re2Cl4(μ-dcpm)2 (dcpm=Cy2PCH2PCy2) with the isocyanide ligands XylNC (Xyl=2,6-dimethylphenyl) and t-BuNC afford the complexes Re2Cl4(μ-dcpm)2(CNXyl) and Re2Cl4(μ-dcpm)2(CN-t-Bu)2 which in turn react with CO to give salts of the [Re2Cl3(μ-dcpm)2(CO)2(CNXyl)]+ and [Re2Cl3(μ-dcpm)2(CN-t-Bu)2(CO)]+ cations which exist in different isomeric forms. This chemistry is compared with that developed previously for the analogous complexes derived from Re2Cl4(μ-dppm)2.
Marker-Assisted Selection in Sorghum

Sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench] is an important food and feed crop in many parts of the world, and has potential uses in the biofuels industry. Compared to most other cereals, sorghum is more tolerant to many abiotic stresses, including heat, drought, and flooding, making it an ideal crop for growing on marginal lands as demands for food, feed, and energy increase. Though it is generally stress-tolerant, the true potential of sorghum can only be realized through concerted genetic improvement programs. The use of DNA-based markers for the genetic analysis and manipulation of important agronomic and stress-tolerance traits is becoming an increasingly useful tool in sorghum improvement. The known germplasm of sorghum is incredibly diverse, and molecular markers are being used to assess this diversity to help manage large germplasm collections, and to make these collections more useful to breeders. Molecular markers have been used in sorghum to identify quantitative trait loci (QTL) for many complex traits, including pre-flowering and post-flowering drought tolerance, early-season cold tolerance, and resistance to the parasitic weed Striga. However, progress in utilizing these QTL had been limited by the lack of a standard genetic map and a common nomenclature for the various linkage groups of sorghum. Fortunately, the genetic map of sorghum has recently become standardized, and has also been linked to physical chromosomes. The use of a common map will facilitate the exchange of marker and QTL information between sorghum research groups. This will allow independent validation of QTL and should expedite efforts to use these QTL for the development of improved sorghum cultivars through marker-assisted selection and trait introgression. Newer, faster marker technologies based on single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and mapping methods based on linkage disequilibrium (association mapping), will soon become useful tools for future efforts to improve this important crop.
cytotoxicity of certain munition nitroaromatic compounds

Abstract Neutral red (NR) uptake assays in the rat liver hepatoma H4IIE cell line were employed to compare the cytotoxicities of the explosive 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene, four of the principal nitroaromatic pollutants associated with its manufacture, and monoamines with the potential to be formed from the compounds in the environment. The assay system was responsive to all munition associated compounds tested and their corresponding amines. The order of cytotoxicity for the nitroaromatic compounds in vitro was 1,3,5-trinitrobenzene>2,4,6-trinitrotoluene>1,3-dinitrobenzene≥2,4- and 2,6-dinitrotoluenes and was in general agreement with that of other systems used for munition toxicity screening. Most of the amino nitroaromatic compounds were similar to each other in their cytotoxic potency, and most were less toxic than their nitroaromatic analogues.
Percutaneous Management of Renovascular Diseases

The prevalence of atherosclerotic renal artery stenosis has been described in population-based, autopsy, and referred populations and has been summarized in multiple reviews. The prevalence is highest among patients with known atherosclerotic disease. For example, in 319 patients undergoing catheter-based angiography for aortic or peripheral atherosclerotic disease, >50 % stenosis of a renal artery was found in 38 % patients. The prevalence remains high for patients suspected to have coronary artery disease. In over 20,000 patients referred for coronary angiography across seven studies, the prevalence of >50 % renal artery stenosis by angiography ranged from 6.3 to 23 %. In the general population, the prevalence is lower but not insignificant. That is, in a study of 834 Medicare patients with a mean age of 77 years, nearly 7 % had a renal artery stenosis of >60 % by screening duplex ultrasonography.
MLTL Benchmark Generation via Formula Progression

Safe cyber-physical system operation requires runtime verification (RV), yet the burgeoning collection of RV technologies remain comparatively untested due to a dearth of benchmarks with oracles enabling objectively evaluating their performance. Mission-time LTL (MLTL) adds integer temporal bounds to LTL to intuitively describe missions of such systems. An MLTL benchmark for runtime verification is a 3-tuple consisting of (1) an MLTL specification \(\varphi \); (2) a set of finite input streams representing propositional system variables (call this computation \(\pi \)) over the alphabet of \(\varphi \); (3) an oracle stream of \(\langle v, t \rangle \) pairs where verdict v is the result (true or false) for time t of evaluating whether \(\pi _t\,\models \,\varphi \) (computation \(\pi \) at time t satisfies formula \(\varphi \)). We introduce an algorithm for reliably generating MLTL benchmarks via formula progression. We prove its correctness, demonstrate it executes efficiently, and show how to use it to generate a variety of useful patterns for the evaluation and comparative analysis of RV tools.
Youthquakes in a Post-Truth Era: Exploring Social Media News Use and Information Verification Actions Among Global Teens and Young Adults:

Teaching information verification skills has become increasingly important in the current post-truth era. Through surveys and interviews with teenagers and young adults in the Middle East and Unite...
Active Cushing Disease Is Characterized by Increased Adipose Tissue Macrophage Presence.

Context Although glucocorticoids (GCs) have potent anti-inflammatory actions, patients with hypercortisolism due to Cushing disease (CD) have increased circulating proinflammatory cytokines that may contribute to their insulin resistance and cardiovascular disease. The mechanisms and tissues that account for the increased systemic inflammation in patients with CD are unknown. Objective To determine whether chronic endogenous GC exposure due to CD is associated with adipose tissue (AT) inflammation in humans. Design, setting, participants Abdominal subcutaneous AT samples from 10 patients with active CD and 10 age-, sex-, and body mass index‒matched healthy subjects were assessed for macrophage infiltration and mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokines. Main outcome measure Using immunohistochemistry, AT samples were analyzed for the expression of vimentin, caspase, CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11c, CD20, CD31, CD56, CD68, and CD163. Quantitative PCR was used to assess the mRNA gene expression of arginase, CD11b, CD68, EMR-1, IL-6, IL-10, MCP-1, and TNF-α. Results Immunohistochemistry revealed higher mean percentage infiltration of CD68+ macrophages and CD4+ T lymphocytes, increased mean area of CD11c+ M1 macrophages, higher number of CD11c+ crownlike structures, and decreased vimentin in the AT of patients with active CD compared with controls. PCR revealed no differences in mRNA expression of any analyzed markers in patients with CD. Conclusions Chronic exposure to GCs due to CD increases the presence of AT macrophages, a hallmark of AT inflammation. Hence, AT inflammation may be the source of the systemic inflammation seen in CD, which in turn may contribute to obesity, insulin resistance, and cardiovascular disease in these patients.
Supporting Seamless Connectivity in Drone-assisted Intelligent Transportation Systems

Considering emergency scenarios for intelligent transportation applications, we propose a swarm of drones communication architecture that can sustain connectivity to assist the authorities for damage assessments. The connectivity sustenance needs stem from the fact that drones may move to various locations in response to service requests from the authorities but they still need to cooperate for data collection and transmissions. To address this need, we propose a centralized connectivity maintenance heuristic which will enable the swarm to dynamically adapt its formation in response to the service requests while ensuring uninterrupted live assessment reports. To select the moving drone(s), the minimum connected dominating set concept is utilized to come up with three strategies of mixed stretching or moving heuristic for the connectivity restoration. The proposed architecture and heuristics are implemented in ns-3 network simulator and the effectiveness is tested in terms of providing undisturbed services under heavy multimedia traffic. The results indicate that the proposed approaches enable uninterrupted multimedia traffic delivery.
Characterizing International Arbitration Agreements as Truly Separable Clauses

Based on the Principle of Separability, an arbitration clause is considered to be separate in nature from its container contract. This current view regarding the position of arbitration clauses has important consequences such as independency of the clause’s status from that of the container’s, possibility of being governed by a different law and autonomy from any national laws. Despite the Principle’s vital and positive consequences which are globally recognized, considering the clause to be absolutely separate in nature raises negative and absurd results as well. For example in cases of transfer of container to new parties, it would be unreasonable to automatically transfer the arbitration clause along with the container when the clause is considered totally separate from its container. Therefore, either it should be admitted that if separability is considered to be a principle curved on stone, it has limitations or exceptions, or it may also be admitted that, instead of turning separability to a principle, having an arbitration clause to be truly separable is conceivable, which the latter is the purpose of this paper.Today, the phrase “separability” is applied to characterize the position of arbitration clauses, however what is meant is not ‘separable’ but ‘separate’. This paper aims to characterize arbitration clauses being truly separable or suspended, i.e. capability of being conceptually separate, where separability is a principle and at the same time being flexible enough to attach to the container, in cases of exception to the principle, which it may function in either way in one scenario. This shall be supported more due to the fact that separability is a concept than being a fact and inflexible, in other words having a conceptual separability than factual. The paper first gives an introduction on arbitration clauses in general. Then it will include an overview on the separability and competence-competence principles and their consequences, based on the relevant literature and their global recognition. Some remarks on the limitations to the principle of separability and introducing a truly separable clause instead are the focus of the final part.
Pediatric Pharmacological Cognitive Enhancement in a Self-Medicating Society

Pediatric pharmacological cognitive enhancement (PPCE) refers to children’ and adolescents’ nonmedical use of prescription and recreational drugs for enhanced performance at school. Adolescents’ own intentional decision for substance use to compete with fellow students must be distinguished from parental decisions to enhance their children’s performance as an investment in their children’s or in their own future, respectively. While several recent studies have examined the prevalence and the correlates of pharmacological cognitive enhancement among healthy students and employees, only little is known about PPCE among school students. Given that decision-making in adolescence is strongly modulated by emotional and social factors, peer influence, and availability, the theory of self-medication might best explain intentional PPCE in late adolescence. In addition, regular recreational drug use is likely to lower the barriers for PPCE in populations interested in enhancing their performance at school. To ensure equal developmental opportunities for today’s school students, an individual-centered approach should focus on strengthening adolescents’ resources and self-efficacy.
Empirical bias of extreme-price auctions: analysis

We advance empirical equilibrium analysis (Velez and Brown, 2020, arXiv:1907.12408) of the winner-bid and loser-bid auctions for the dissolution of a partnership. We show, in a complete information environment, that even though these auctions are essentially equivalent for the Nash equilibrium prediction, they can be expected to differ in fundamental ways when they are operated. Besides the direct policy implications, two general consequences follow. First, a mechanism designer who accounts for the empirical plausibility of equilibria may not be constrained by Maskin invariance. Second, a mechanism designer who does not account for the empirical plausibility of equilibria may inadvertently design biased mechanisms.
DIFFERENTIAL IMPACT OF CHRONIC ELECTRONIC CIGARETTE AND TOBACCO CIGARETTE SMOKING ON MONOCYTE ACTIVATION IN HUMANS

Electronic cigarettes (ECs), advertised as a safer alternative to tobacco cigarettes (TCs), are increasingly used by young, never smokers (NS). TCs increase monocyte (MNC) and macrophage (M/M) activation and proportion of proinflammatory MNCs (INF-MNCs) leading to premature atherosclerotic
Intercomparison of Ionizing Doses From Space Shielding Analyses Using MCNP, Geant4, FASTRAD, and NOVICE

Several commonly used space radiation particle transport tools, MCNP, Geant4, FASTRAD, and NOVICE are compared to check the consistency of total ionizing dose (TID) estimates for hardware in a harsh-electron Jovian mission environment. Simple geometries with aluminum, tantalum, and a combination of both materials were used to represent typical and high-density shields. The forward Monte Carlo (FMC) analyses from MCNP and Geant4 were in good agreement within run uncertainty. Compared to FMC results, the reverse Monte Carlo (RMC) analysis results from NOVICE and FASTRAD differed by ±20% ~ ±50%, depending on the simple geometry material. The doses from FASTRAD’s ray-tracing methods differed from NOVICE RMC doses by +60%/−10%. TID analyses of complex as-designed geometries from selected flight instruments and electronics boxes were also compared using the NOVICE and FASTRAD tools. The TID results from these complex geometries with aluminum equivalent thickness ranging from 0.1 to 3000 mil (3 in) differed by as much as +200%/−50% between FASTRAD (ray-tracing and RMC) and NOVICE analyses. We conclude that while MCNP and Geant4 FMC analysis results have extensive experimental validation and therefore provide the most accurate TID estimates, RMC analyses are faster to implement and suitable as conservative tools for missions with a sufficient mass margin. We also conclude that ray-tracing analyses can be suitable during the development phase of shield design optimization for its fast runtime capability.
109 Hyperthyroidism-induced Psychosis

Objective: To describe the presence of psychotic symptomatology in a patient with hyperthyroidism Abstract: Psychiatric-spectrum symptoms associated with thyrotoxicosis has been well reported in the past. However, psychosis in a patient with a thyroid nodule is a rare find. Here, the case of twenty four-year-old, single, unemployed, Albanian American male with self-reported history of Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD) and Cannabis use disorder was brought in to the Comprehensive Psychiatric Emergency Program (CPEP) due to new onset psychosis. Patient was paranoid, disorganized with labile mood. He had poor insight, judgement and impulse control. The event coincided with a period of unemployment in his life and new onset of hallucinations from past few days. He was brought in to the hospital after he was found pacing and having lack of sleep. Patient was treated with antipsychotic for acute psychosis. He was started on Risperidone initially to which he did not respond to. Blood work showed low TSH and elevated T4. Physical exam was noted for palpable thyroid nodule. Further labs resulted in high thyroid peroxidase antibody. Ultrasound of thyroid with color flow showed single nodule in the left lobe and iodine uptake activity localized to the left lobe. Patient was started on Methimazole 5 mg along with Haldol 5mg orally twice a day which improved his symptoms tremendously. Patient was stabilized and after 1 week was discharged on Haldol 5 mg by mouth two times a day for Psychosis, Cogentin 1 mg by mouth two times a day for extrapyramidal system (EPS), and Methimazole 5 mg by mouth daily for overactive thyroid nodule. Conclusion: Psychosis associated with thyroid nodule is rare but possible. The onset of psychotic syndrome is an important clinical element whose underlying medical cause must be promptly clarified. Psychosis can present in a number of ways and can have different causes. Apart from psychiatric causes, underlying medical causes should always be considered. In this case it was important to get a full clinical history of the patient as well as complete physical examination. The differential diagnosis of a psychotic disorder in light of a medical disease should always be considered in order to promptly diagnose and treat the underlying cause to reduce the morbidity and possibly the mortality associated with it.