cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Simulation of hardness testing on plasma-sprayed coatings

A plasma-sprayed thermal barrier coating consisting of a NiCoCrAlY bond coat and Ce-stabilized zirconia ceramic coating was heat-treated at 400°C for 1000 h. Microhardness measurements were used to evaluate microstructural variations throughout the coating. One hundred and twenty measurements were performed at both the bond coat and ceramic coating positions within the thermal barrier coating system. Both data sets were analyzed to assess whether they could be described as Gaussian (i. e., “normal”) or Weibull distributions. The influence of the sample size, i. e., the number of microhardness tests for a group, on the mean hardness value was also evaluated by a Monte Carlo simulation procedure. The mean value, the standard deviation, the coefficient of variation, and the Weibull modulus for the subsets of data were calculated to assess these effects. The confidence for the mean value was also considered. The results indicated that the reliability of the microhardness test improved as the sample size increased. At least 20 measurements were needed to distinguish differences in micro-hardness between the bond coat and the ceramic coating at a 95% confidence level.
Asymmetrical shoulder kinematics in children with brachial plexus birth palsy.

Abstract Background Shoulder movement patterns differ between limbs of children with unilateral brachial plexus birth palsy. To better understand the interlimb differences we examined the glenohumeral and scapulothoracic joint contributions to arm elevation. Methods Sixteen children with brachial plexus birth palsy, 4–12 years of age participated. Shoulder 3D kinematic data were collected using a magnetic tracking device during arm elevation with the involved and non-involved limbs for three trials each at a fixed rate. Based on maximum arm elevation in the involved limb the children were divided into two groups: group one ⩽75°; and group two >75°. Findings During arm elevation from 15 to 75° the involved limb of group one displayed lower glenohumeral joint excursion than the non-involved and both limbs of group two. Scapular upward rotation was higher in the involved limb of both groups. For group one, the glenohumeral:scapulothoracic ratio for 15–75° arm elevation was lower in the involved (0.6:1) than the non-involved (2.2:1) limb and both limbs of group two: involved (1.7:1); non-involved (1.9:1). During 15–135° arm elevation for group two, the glenohumeral:scapulothoracic ratio was more similar between limbs: involved (1.5:1) and non-involved (2:1). Interpretation The scapulothoracic joint made a greater contribution to arm elevation than the glenohumeral joint only in the involved limb of group one, altering the scapulohumeral rhythm. Musculoskeletal and neural factors may account for the group and limb differences. Routine 3D kinematic analysis of shoulder joint rotation may aid treatment planning and better quantify outcomes in this group.
Stackelberg equilibrium in oligopoly: An explanation based on managerial incentives

Abstract This paper shows that in a model of managerial delegation in a duopoly, if an owner's decision to hire a manager is modeled explicitly, then the subgame perfect equilibrium may coincide with the Stackelberg solution. Interestingly, this can happen even when the cost of hiring a manager is the same for the owner of each firm.
Construction of Customized Mass-Stiffness Pairs using Templates

This paper is a tutorial exposition of the template approach to the construction of customized mass-stiffness pairs for selected applications in structural dynamics. The exposition focuses on adjusting the mass matrix while a separately provided stiffness matrix is kept fixed. Two well known kinetic-energy discretization methods described in finite-element method (FEM) textbooks since the mid-1960s lead to diagonally lumped and consistent mass matrices, respectively. These two models are sufficient to cover many engineering applications. Occasionally, however, they fall short. The gap can be filled with a more general approach that relies on the use of templates. These are algebraic forms that carry free parameters. This approach is discussed in this paper using one-dimensional structural elements as examples. Templates have the virtue of producing a set of mass matrices that satisfy certain a priori constraint conditions such as symmetry, nonnegativity, invariance, and momentum conservation. In particula...
A theoretical equation of state for the inner core

Abstract The results of an electronic band structure calculation for fcc Fe are used to obtain an equation of state for the inner core. Various seismic models of the inner core were used to estimate the temperature distribution and the Gruneisen parameter. The results indicate that the PEM model gives the most consistent description, with an adiabatic temperature distribution starting at 5,500 ± 500°K and a Gruneisen parameter of 1.8 ± 0.4.
From white‐collar crime to red‐collar crime

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore the issue of violence with respect to white‐collar criminals.Design/methodology/approach – The analysis is conceptual, focusing on the historical underpinnings of white‐collar crime and reviewing the evolution of white‐collar criminals.Findings – Findings suggest that white‐collar criminals do display violent tendencies and, contrary to popular belief, can become dangerous individuals.Practical implications – The paper represents an extremely useful and practical source for fraud examiners and other white‐collar crime investigators. Raising the awareness of investigators dealing with white‐collar criminals may prevent them from becoming victims of a violent act.Originality/value – The paper fulfills a need to highlight a dangerous trend with white‐collar criminals in that they may be driven to violence against those involved in investigating their crimes.
W. E. B. Du Bois: Interpreting Religion and the Problem of the Negro Church

W. E. B. Du Bois's contribution to the study of the Negro Church was his historical argument about the viability and influence of African culture. Du Bois asserted the partial autonomy and creativity of black culture. This was a crucial achievement in his day when normative theories of African cultural "backwardness" prevailed. Du Bois's detailed analyses of particular local black communities also enriched his theories on black culture and made possible more accurate generalizations about social change in black communities, an important task in a time when measurements of black progress or decline consumed observers of the "Negro Problem." Du Bois anticipated postmodernist debates about Western religious claims to universality, and in his work among African Americans, he wrestled with many issues that we currently engage with in the contemporary self-reflective mode of our discipline. His work challenged the theoretical boundaries of the newly emerging disciplines of religion, sociology, and anthropology.
Empirical psychology, common sense, and Kant’s empirical markers for moral responsibility

This paper explains the empirical markers by which Kant thinks that one can identify moral responsibility. After explaining the problem of discerning such markers within a Kantian framework I briefly explain Kant's empirical psychology. I then argue that Kant's empirical markers for moral responsibility--linked to higher faculties of cognition--are not sufficient conditions for moral responsibility, primarily because they are empirical characteristics subject to natural laws. Next. I argue that these markers are not necessary conditions of moral responsibility. Given Kant's transcendental idealism, even an entity that lacks these markers could be free and morally responsible, although as a matter of fact Kant thinks that none are. Given that they are neither necessary nor sufficient conditions, I discuss the status of Kant's claim that higher faculties are empirical markers of moral responsibility. Drawing on connections between Kant's ethical theory and 'common rational cognition' (4:393), I suggest that Kant's theory of empirical markers can be traced to ordinary common sense beliefs about responsibility. This suggestion helps explain both why empirical markers are important and what the limits of empirical psychology are within Kant's account of moral responsibility.
Alterations in regulatory behaviors induced by medial septal lesions and superior cervical ganglionectomy.

Following medial septal (MS) lesions peripheral sympathetic fibers, orginating from the superior cervical ganglia (SCG), grow into the hippocampus and habenula. To assess their effect on regulatory behaviors, body weight, and food and water consumption were studied under ad libitum and pharmacological stress conditions, after MS lesions, superior cervical ganglionectomy (Gx) or MS lesion + ganglionectomy (MSGx). Twenty-two animals completed the study: control (n = 7), MS lesion (n = 6), Gx (n = 6), MSGx (n = 4). No differences were observed preoperatively. Postoperatively, body weight fell but over time all groups gained weight. However, animals with MSGx were lighter than MS or Gx animals (which were equivalent), which in turn were lighter than controls (P < 0.0001). Hypophagia was observed in the Gx and MSGx animals when compared to the MS and control groups (P < 0.05), while hyperdipsia was seen in the MS and Gx groups (P < 0.001). Administration of both 1 M NaCl and isoproterenol (25 μg/kg) increased drinking in all animals (P < 0.001), with the MSGx group consuming significantly less than all others (P < 0.025). Food intake increased following 2-deoxy-d-glucose (500 mg/kg) (P < 0.0001), while epineprine (120 μg/kg) treatment produced anorexia only in the MS group (P < 0.05). Hyperthermia was found in the Gx and MSGx groups. The results of this study suggest that both MS region and SCG contribute to the maintenance of normal regulatory behaviors, with combined loss of these neural systems resulting in severe disturbances, both qualitatively and quantitatively different from either MS lesion or Gx. Although the MS lesion group clearly regulated better than the MSGx group, it is unclear whether this is due to ingrowth or just the presence of the SCG.
DETERMINANTS OF POLICE EXPENDITURES IN CHICAGO, 1904–1958

Recent longitudinal analyses of policing resources, both cross- and within-jurisdictional studies, raise serious questions about the explanatory power of the public choice and conflict perspectives...
Increase of β-endorphin concentrations in the plasma and pituitary neuro-intermediate lobe of the rat on the afternoon of proestrus

Abstract β-endorphin (β-EP) concentrations in the plasma and the anterior and neuro-intermediate lobes of the pituitary (AP and NIL) were quantitated by radioimmunoassay (RIA) and gel filtration chromatography in female rats at 1000, 1400, and 1900 h on the day of proestrus and diestrus day-1. There were no significant changes in β-EP in the plasma, AP, or NIL on diestrus day-1. On proestrus, β-EP in the plasma and NIL, but not the AP, increased significantly from 1000 to 1400 h and returned to basal levels by 1900 h. The time course of this increase of β-EP in the NIL and plasma is consistent with the temporal sequence of the prolactin and gonadotropin surges on the afternoon of proestrus, suggesting that β-EP in the NIL may be involved in the regulation of these neuroendocrine events.
Interactive 3D architectural modeling from unordered photo collections

We present an interactive system for generating photorealistic, textured, piecewise-planar 3D models of architectural structures and urban scenes from unordered sets of photographs. To reconstruct 3D geometry in our system, the user draws outlines overlaid on 2D photographs. The 3D structure is then automatically computed by combining the 2D interaction with the multi-view geometric information recovered by performing structure from motion analysis on the input photographs. We utilize vanishing point constraints at multiple stages during the reconstruction, which is particularly useful for architectural scenes where parallel lines are abundant. Our approach enables us to accurately model polygonal faces from 2D interactions in a single image. Our system also supports useful operations such as edge snapping and extrusions.Seamless texture maps are automatically generated by combining multiple input photographs using graph cut optimization and Poisson blending. The user can add brush strokes as hints during the texture generation stage to remove artifacts caused by unmodeled geometric structures. We build models for a variety of architectural scenes from collections of up to about a hundred photographs.
Atomic absorption spectroscopy

Atomic Absorption, Fluorescence and Flame Emission Spectroscopy: A Practical Approach. By K. C. Thompson & R. J. Reynolds. Pp. 319. (Charles Griffin: London and High Wycombe, UK, 1978.) £15
Effects of Antioxidants on the Oxidative Stability of Oils Containing Arachidonic, Docosapentaenoic and Docosahexaenoic Acids

The effects of ascorbyl palmitate at 0, 300, 600, 900, or 1,200 ppm, tocopherol at 0, 200, 400, 600, or 800 ppm, and β-carotene at 0, 3, 6, 9, or 12 ppm on the oxidative stabilities of Oil 1, Oil 2, and Oil 3 containing 0, 0.55, and 0.67% of combined arachidonic acid (AA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), respectively, were studied by a central composite experimental design. The oxidative stability of oil was evaluated by determining the induction time using the Oxidative Stability Index. Ascorbyl palmitate and tocopherol had a significant effect on the stability of all three oils at α = 0.05. β-Carotene did not have any effect on the stability of oils at α = 0.05. The interaction effect of ascorbyl palmitate and tocopherol was significant for the three oils at α = 0.05. The induction time of oils decreased as the total amounts of AA, DPA and DHA increased from 0 to 0.55% or 0.55 to 0.67%. The addition of 1,200 ppm ascorbyl palmitate, 800 ppm tocopherol and 12 ppm β-carotene to Oils 1, 2, and 3 increased the induction time from 13.5 to 29.9 h, from 11.8 to 27.0 h, and from 10.5 to 20.0 h, respectively. The coefficient of determination (r 2) for the linear regression between the experimentally determined and statistically predicted induction time of the three oils was greater than 0.95. The use of an optimum combination of ascorbyl palmitate and tocopherols from the response surface analysis could improve the oxidative stabilities of oils containing AA, DPA and DHA.
Professor Kevin MacDonald's Critique of Judaism: Legitimate Scholarship or the Intellectualization of Anti-Semitism?

Since the end of World War II, anti-Semitism has been relegated to the furthermost fringes of American society. To be sure, the enormity of the Holocaust has limited critical discussion on the topic of Jewish influence on culture, society, and politics. Very few critical studies have been released in the mainstream press, the plethora of scholarship on ethnicity and identity politics notwithstanding. One notable exception is the research of Kevin MacDonald, a professor of psychology at the California State University at Long Beach. In a trilogy ofoooks, MacDonald advances an evolutionary theory to explain both Jewish and anti-Semitic collective behavior. Over the past few years, his research has gained attention through the Internet. Although still a relatively obscure figure, MacDonald seems to have made his most significant impact on the intellectual currents of what is often referred to as the "far right" and as such, can no longer be ignored. This essay examines the scholarship of Kevin MacDonald and his growing influence. The first section provides a short biographical sketch. The next section examines his trilogy and other publications on the topics of Judaism, anti-Semitism, and ethnic conflict. Reactions to his research are examined in the third section, which is followed by an interview in which he expounds on his theories and answers his critics. Finally, the conclusion discusses recent developments in the American far right and the impact MacDonald's theories may have on this movement.
INCIDENT CASES OF HEART FAILURE IN A COMMUNITY COHORT: IMPORTANCE AND OUTCOMES OF PATIENTS WITH PRESERVED SYSTOLIC FUNCTION

Abstract Background The clinical presentation and outcomes of patients with heart failure and preserved systolic function have not been well characterized in the outpatient setting. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of 403 patients with new-onset heart failure in a large regional health maintenance organization between July 1996 and December 1996. The clinical characteristics and treatment of patients with preserved ejection fractions (PrEF; >45%) were compared with those of patients with with reduced left ventricular function (Low EF) after excluding patients with terminal comorbidities. The main outcome measure was the combination of death, cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization, or both, which was assessed for as long as 24 months (mean, 22 months) with proportional hazards models. Results Sixty-five patients (16%) did not have an assessment of left ventricular (LV) function. Of the remaining 338 patients, 191(57%) had an EF Conclusions Patients with preserved LV function constitute a significant portion of incident outpatient patients with heart failure and carry a better prognosis than patients with reduced LV function.
Band inversion and transport properties of L minima in n − GaSb ( Te )

Electrical transport measurements have been made on tellurium-doped $n$-type GaSb in the temperature range between 1.4 to 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K and at hydrostatic pressures up to \ensuremath{\sim} 13 kbar. Samples with concentration in the range \ensuremath{\sim} 2 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{17}$ to \ensuremath{\sim} 7 \ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{} ${10}^{18}$ ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ were investigated. At the highest pressures, the results suggest complete carrier transfer from the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ minimum into the $L$ minima or into impurity levels associated with the $L$ minima. The existence of the levels is confirmed by the observation of impurity conduction at low temperatures and deionization effects at elevated temperatures. An impurity activation energy of ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}_{1}=13.8$ meV is seen for the tellurium donors in the lowest-concentration sample; the activation energy decreases with increasing concentration but remains nonzero in the highest-concentration sample. Weak-field magnetoresistance anisotropy was observed, and the relations $b+c=0$ and $dg0$ for the inverted Seitz coefficients were found to hold at high pressures in the temperature range where $L$-band conduction is expected. Calculations indicate that in highly doped samples, acoustic mode scattering dominates at 300\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K, whereas at 77\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K the $L$-band carrier scattering is mainly due to ionized impurities. The results obtained for pressures insufficient to produce complete thermal decoupling between the $\ensuremath{\Gamma}$ minimum and the Te levels associated with the $L$ minima are shown to be predictable using a band model employed by Kosicki and Paul.
Anxiety in adolescents: Update on its diagnosis and treatment for primary care providers

Anxiety disorders are the most prevalent mental health concern facing adolescents today, yet they are largely undertreated. This is especially concerning given that there are fairly good data to support an evidence-based approach to the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety, and also that untreated, these problems can continue into adulthood, growing in severity. Thus, knowing how to recognize and respond to anxiety in adolescents is of the utmost importance in primary care settings. To that end, this article provides an up-to-date review of the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety disorders geared towards professionals in primary care settings. Topics covered include subtypes, clinical presentation, the etiology and biology, effective screening instruments, evidence-based treatments (both medication and therapy), and the long-term prognosis for adolescents with anxiety. Importantly, we focus on the most common types of anxiety disorders, often known as phobias, which include generalized anxiety disorder, social anxiety/social phobia, separation anxiety disorder, panic disorder, and specific phobias. In summary, anxiety is a common psychiatric problem for adolescents, but armed with the right tools, primary care providers can make a major impact.
Engaging students in programming fundamentals using alice 2.0

Many of the programming principles taught in any programming fundamentals course are essentially the same. We will describe some of the principles and techniques that students learn in a first programming course using Alice 2.0 that is shared by programs in IS, IT, CS and liberal studies, drawing from the IT Computing Curricula 2005. We will then describe a set of nifty assignments that result in projects that exercise these principles and techniques and may be used to emphasize one or more in depth topical issues.
Suppression of photon rescattering due to spatial anisotropy in a cold atomic gas

Photon rescattering in anisotropic clouds of laser cooled atoms is investigated by studying the amplification of a weak probe beam propagating through the atoms. In the case where the atomic ensemble is optically thick in all directions, the amplification of the probe is rapidly saturated due to multiple scattering of spontaneous photons. As the aspect ratio of the cloud is increased, the amplification converges to the values predicted by Mollow's theory indicating a suppression of light reabsorption.
Rheology of Poly(ethylene oxide)/Organoclay Nanocomposites

A series of poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO)/organoclay nanocomposites have been prepared via a solvent casting method. Using three different organoclays modified with the alkylammonium salts, the effect of surfactants on organoclay surfaces in polymer/organoclay nanocomposites was investigated by focusing on two major aspects: internal structure analysis and rheological measurement of the nanocomposites. The d spacings of both the pure PEO and intercalated organoclay were examined via X-ray diffraction analysis, and the microstructure of these nanocomposites was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Rheological properties of these nanocomposites exhibited different behavior with different modifier concentrations and surfactant sizes (chain lengths). To analyze the non-Newtonian flow behavior, we fitted shear viscosity data via the Carreau model, showing that steady shear viscosity and power-law behavior increase with organoclay content. Hysteresis phenomenon was also enhanced with organoclay content, ...
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.

This protocol describes pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE), a method developed for separation of large DNA molecules. Whereas standard DNA gel electrophoresis commonly resolves fragments up to ∼50 kb in size, PFGE fractionates DNA molecules up to 10 Mb. The mechanism driving these separations exploits the fact that very large DNA molecules unravel and “snake” through a gel matrix, and such electrophoretic trajectories are perturbed in a size-dependent manner by carefully oriented electrical pulses. PFGE has enabled the rapid genomic analysis of microbes and mammalian cells, and motivated development of large-insert cloning systems such as bacterial and yeast artificial chromosomes. As such, this protocol includes descriptions of two types of PFGE instrumentation (not commercially available), along with detailed instructions for their operation. Additionally, this protocol provides basic instructions for the preparation of intact chromosomal DNA from several types of organisms. PFGE takes 2–3 days, excluding sample preparation.
Contextual Android education

Advances in mobile phone hardware and development platforms have drastically increased the demand, interest, and potential of mobile applications. We report on development of a new special topics software engineering course that combines the appeal of Android application development with software engineering topics and entrepreneurial thinking. The primary contribution of this project and the focus of this paper is a series of detailed educational laboratory exercises that are designed to supplement the Android documentation by providing contextual examples, activities, and tutorials. The labs were contributed to the Google Code University under the Creative Commons license, resulting in over 30,000 visits and nearly 100,000 pageviews in its first three months.
E-Business and Social Networks: Tapping Dynamic Niche Markets Using Language-Action and Artificial Intelligence

“That social networks are hard to penetrate” is an often given reason for recent corporate investment decreases in this technology. The cause is the traditional mass market perspective: firms use social networks to connect with, and eavesdrop on, customers. The result: online ads weakly aligned to customer conversations. One alternative: adopt a Language–Action Perspective; identify the market created by a conversation in a social network. The result: online ads strongly aligned to that conversation. One measure of this alignment is the mental distance between the intent of a social network conversation and the intent of the online ads that surround it. This paper will: explore the nature of “intention” in social networks, introduce its elements, show how these elements can create data and software architecture, and show how to create better online ads.
Conserved water molecules in the specificity pocket of serine proteases and the molecular mechanism of Na+ binding

Conservation of clusters of buried water molecules is a structural motif present throughout the serine protease family. Frequently, these clusters are shaped as water channels forming extensive hydrogen-bonding networks linked to the protein backbone. The most conspicuous example is the water channel present in the specificity pocket of trypsin and thrombin. In thrombin, other vitamin K-dependent proteases, and some complement factors, Na+ binds in this water channel and enhances allosterically the catalytic activity of the enzyme, whereas digestive and fibrinolytic proteases are devoid of such regulation. A comparative analysis of proteases with and without Na+ binding capability reveals the role of the water channel in maintaining the structural organization of the specificity pocket and in Na+ coordination. This enables the formulation of a molecular mechanism for Na+ binding in thrombin and leads to the identification of the structural changes necessary to engineer a functional Na+ site and enhanced catalytic activity in trypsin and other proteases. Proteins 30:34–42, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Microwave systems applications in deep space telecommunications and navigation: Space Exploration Initiative architectures

The US Space Exploration Initiative (SEI) calls for the charting of a new and evolving manned course to the Moon, Mars, and beyond. The fundamental SEI support objectives are to provide the mission with means to monitor and control mission elements, acquire engineering, science, and navigation data, compute state vectors and navigate, and move these data efficiently and automatically between mission nodes for timely analysis and decision-making. Microwave links provide the means to communicate between system nodes, and the essential radio metrics to navigate; later, these probably will be augmented with optical links. The general mission telecommunications and navigation support requirements and resulting architectures for SEI mission support are described, and then the implications of these on the role of microwave technology in these architectures, particularly for Mars exploration support, are discussed. >
Frequencies of micronuclei in human lymphocytes: Comparison between healthy donors and cancer patients and their in vitro response to ionizing radiation

We obtained peripheral lymphocytes from both healthy donors (n = 7) and cancer patients (n = 14) for the cytokinesis-blocked micronucleus (MN) assay. Lymphocytes were irradiated with 137Cs to 2 Gy. Cytochalasin B (6 μg/ml) was added to the incubation at 44 hr and the cells were harvested at 72 hr. We found that compared to healthy donors, lymphocytes of cancer patients revealed no significant difference in the MN baseline level (P = 0.86). Apparently DNA damage manifested as MN in the lymphocytes of cancer patients is not more severe than that of healthy donors. In addition, 2 Gy in vitro irradiation of lymphocytes caused no difference in the MN formation between cancer patients and healthy donors (P = 0.9). Radiation induced cell cycle delay as evaluated by the number of mononucleate, binucleate, and cells with >2 nuclei and by the mitotic indices showed similar results in both populations. However, the difference for MN frequency in lymphocytes before and after 2 Gy in vitro irradiation was highly significant for both cancer patients and healthy donors (P = 0.0001). These studies in general indicate that the MN frequency in cytochalasin B-blocked human lymphocytes has the potential of serving as a quantitative biological dosimeter for the screening of radiation exposure to either healthy individuals or cancer patients. © 1993 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Design actuation and control of active patch antennas

The major drawback of a microstrip patch antenna is it's narrow bandwidth characteristics. One method that has been investigated to increase bandwidth is the addition of a parasitic element to the microstrip patch antenna. In an active microstrip patch antenna, variable bandwidth can be achieved by varying the spacing between the antenna and the parasitic element, which is fixed to a dielectric plate. In this study, an actuator is developed, tested and employed on an actual microstrip patch antenna and it's parasite. Since a relatively large displacement (1 cm) is needed, this mesoscale actuator is comprised of stacked Rainbow actuators. This study takes advantage of the fact that, for antennas operating at higher frequencies, smaller absolute displacements will result in significant percentage changes in antenna bandwidth. The use of the parasite and the active system accounted for up to a factor of five increase in antenna bandwidth. Various control techniques were employed to counteract the effects of hysteresis and creep on the actuator. Because the use of metal components can degrade antenna performance, emphasis was placed on synergy in the design process.
Association analysis of a CCR5 variant with ewe lifetime production in three breeds of sheep.

Journal: Animal Genetics Manuscript ID: AnGen-09-07-0245.R2 Manuscript Type: Brief Note Date Submitted by the Author: Complete List of Authors: Mousel, Michelle; USDA, ARS, US Sheep Experiment Station White, Stephen; USDA-ARS, Animal Disease Research Unit; Washington State University, Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology Herrmann-Hoesing, Lynn; USDA-ARS, Animal Disease Research Unit; Washington State University, Veterinary Microbiology & Pathology
Commentary on Gregory Tassey’s “Rationales and mechanisms for revitalizing US manufacturing R&D strategies”

Gregory Tassey is one of the country’s leading experts on technology issues and his article on the problems with US manufacturing and technology policy deserves respect. I agree with much of what he says, but in the spirit of constructive criticism I will focus on the ways in which I disagree. The current state of the US economy and of the manufacturing sector is terrible. There is over 10% unemployment and manufacturing has lost over two million jobs in the downturn. The cause of the current economic downturn has nothing to do with technology and everything to do with the financial crisis. The loss of jobs in manufacturing since 2007 was the result of the global collapse in demand for capital goods, and the sharp decline of demand in the US for construction materials, cars and other goods. The recession was made here at home. A variety of economic policies to address the recession has already been undertaken and they are working so far. The Federal Reserve and the Treasury have restored the large Wall Street banks and the fiscal stimulus package has contributed to a recovery in overall demand. GDP grew at 2.2% in the third quarter of 2009 and is expected to grow at well over 4% in the fourth quarter. Many questions remain about the strength of growth in 2010 and beyond, and it is virtually certain that high unemployment will be with us for many years to come. We are paying the price for lax regulation, greedy and foolish bankers and excessive borrowing by households like yours and mine. Let us not confuse our current economic disaster with problems with technology policies. Employment in manufacturing was declining well before the current downturn. Over three million jobs were lost in the sector after 2000 and they did not come back even with economic recovery. Most Americans blame international trade for this loss of jobs and there is some truth to that. The US manufacturing sector has faced a deficit in international trade that widened steadily in the late 1990s and early 2000s. The trade deficit reduced manufacturing employment in two ways. The first and most important is that industries such as clothing, footwear, leather goods, toys and a variety of other low-tech manufactures became much smaller and many such products pretty much stopped being produced in the US, ending up in China, Mexico or other low-wage countries. Few if any of those
Choosing the road less traveled by: a ligand–receptor system that controls target recognition by Drosophila motor axons

In this issue of Genes & Development, Siebert and colleagues (pp. 1052–1062) define a ligand–receptor system that controls motor axon guidance and target recognition in the Drosophila embryo. The beaten path (beat) and sidestep (side) genes were known to be important regulators of motor axon guidance. Siebert and colleagues now show that Beat and Side are cell surface proteins that physically interact with each other, and that Beat-expressing motor axon growth cones reach their targets via recognition of Side-expressing pathways.
Mother-Child Bed-Sharing in Toddlerhood and Cognitive and Behavioral Outcomes

OBJECTIVE: We examined the predictors and consequences of mother-child bed-sharing at 1, 2, and 3 years of age in a racially/ethnically and geographically diverse sample of low-income families across the United States. METHODS: We analyzed data from 944 low-income families who had children assessed at 1, 2, 3, and 5 years of age. RESULTS: Mothers who were Hispanic and black were more likely to bed-share with children at ages 1, 2, and 3 years than other mothers. Maternal negative regard also predicted bed-sharing. Bed-sharing at ages 1 to 3 years was bivariately associated with poorer behavior and cognition at age 5 years. However, these associations lost significance when child and mother characteristics were controlled. CONCLUSION: There seem to be no negative associations between bed-sharing in toddlerhood and children9s behavior and cognition at age 5 years.
Theorizing Political Psychology: Doing Integrative Social Science Under the Condition of Postmodernity

At the beginning of the 21st century, the field of political psychology; like the social sciences more generally, is being challenged. New theoretical direction is being demanded from within and a greater epistemological sophistication and ethical relevance is being demanded from without. In response, direction for a reconstructed political psychology is offered here. To begin, a theoretical framework for a truly integrative political psychology is sketched. This is done in light of the apparent limits of cross-disciplinary or multidisciplinary inquiry. In the attempt to transcend these limits, the theoretical approach offered directly addresses the dually structured quality of social life as the singular product of both organizing social structures and defining discourse communities on the one hand and motivated, thinking individuals on the other. To further this theoretical effort, meta-theoretical considerations are addressed. The modernist-postmodernist debate regarding the status of truth and value is used as a point of departure for constructing the epistemological foundation for a truly political psychology. In this light, structural pragmatic guidelines for theory construction, empirical research and normative inquiry are presented.
Dermal Hypersensitivity to Toxoplasma Antigens (Toxoplasmins)

SummaryThe preparation of toxoplasmin, a skin testing antigen made of toxoplasma has been described. Toxoplasmin evokes reactions of a delayed (tuberculin) type of hypersensitivity in certain patie...
Pathophysiology and Management of Moderate and Severe Traumatic Brain Injury in Children

Traumatic brain injury remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children. Key pathophysiologic processes of traumatic brain injury are initiated by mechanical forces at the time of trauma, followed by complex excitotoxic cascades associated with compromised cerebral autoregulation and progressive edema. Acute care focuses on avoiding secondary insults, including hypoxia, hypotension, and hyperthermia. Children with moderate or severe traumatic brain injury often require intensive monitoring and treatment of multiple parameters, including intracranial pressure, blood pressure, metabolism, and seizures, to minimize secondary brain injury. Child neurologists can play an important role in acute and long-term care. Acutely, as members of a multidisciplinary team in the intensive care unit, child neurologists monitor for early signs of neurological change, guide neuroprotective therapies, and transition patients to long-term recovery. In the longer term, neurologists are uniquely positioned to treat complications of moderate and severe traumatic brain injury, including epilepsy and cognitive and behavioral issues.
Beyond the basics : preschool children label objects flexibly at multiple hierarchical levels

Although preschoolers typically accept the basic level label for an object (e.g. dog) and tend to resist all others (e.g. collie, animal), this tendency is not inviolable. Under certain circumstances, children accept more than one label per object. In this experiment, with 20 three- and 20 four-year-old children, we extended this body of research in three ways. We examined (1) children's production of multiple, hierarchically related labels; (2) the pragmatic consequences of the inherent asymmetry of inclusion relations; and (3) the influence of morphology (modifier + noun constructions vs. simple lexemes) at the subordinate level. Children labelled objects most frequently at the basic level, but also readily produced many non-basic level terms. Children, like adults, may prefer to label objects at the basic level, but they exhibit no general prohibition against also labelling at other, non-basic levels. Their performance challenges the notion that the ability to label objects flexibly at multiple levels is beyond the young child's capacity.
Late Effects of Ionizing Radiation on the Microvascular Networks in Normal Tissue

Damage to the microvascular networks constitutes one of the most important components of ionizing radiation damage to normal tissue. Previously, we have reported the early (3, 7 and 30 days postirradiation) effects of ionizing radiation on the structure and function of normal tissue microvascular networks. Here we report on the late effects of ionizing radiation on the structural and functional changes in microvascular networks in locally irradiated (single 10-Gy dose) hamster cremaster muscles observed 60, 120 and 180 days postirradiation; age-matched animals were used as controls. As in the previous study, intravital microscopy was used to measure structural and functional parameters in complete microvascular networks in vivo. A factorial design was used to examine the effects of radiation status, time postirradiation, and network vessel type on the structure and function of microvascular networks. Our results indicate that the progression of radiation-induced microvascular damage continues during the late times but that there is partial recovery from radiation damage within 6 months postirradiation. Red blood cell flux, red blood cell velocity, and capillary blood flow in irradiated networks at 180 days postirradiation were significantly greater than control levels. As at the early times, all vessel types were not damaged equally by radiation at every time.
Impact of antibacterials on subsequent resistance and clinical outcomes in adult patients with viral pneumonia: an opportunity for stewardship

Respiratory viruses are increasingly recognized as significant etiologies of pneumonia among hospitalized patients. Advanced technologies using multiplex molecular assays and polymerase-chain reaction increase the ability to identify viral pathogens and may ultimately impact antibacterial use. This was a single-center retrospective cohort study to evaluate the impact of antibacterials in viral pneumonia on clinical outcomes and subsequent multidrug-resistant organism (MDRO) infections/colonization. Patients admitted from March 2013 to November 2014 with positive respiratory viral panels (RVP) and radiographic findings of pneumonia were included. Patients transferred from an outside hospital or not still hospitalized 72 hours after the RVP report date were excluded. Patients were categorized based on exposure to systemic antibacterials: less than 3 days representing short-course therapy and 3 to 10 days being long-course therapy. A total of 174 patients (long-course, n = 67; short-course, n = 28; mixed bacterial-viral infection, n = 79) were included with most being immunocompromised (56.3 %) with active malignancy the primary etiology (69.4 %). Rhinovirus/Enterovirus (23 %), Influenza (19 %), and Parainfluenza (15.5 %) were the viruses most commonly identified. A total of 13 different systemic antibacterials were used as empiric therapy in the 95 patients with pure viral infection for a total of 466 days-of-therapy. Vancomycin (50.7 %), cefepime (40.3 %), azithromycin (40.3 %), meropenem (23.9 %), and linezolid (20.9 %) were most frequently used. In-hospital mortality did not differ between patients with viral pneumonia in the short-course and long-course groups. Subsequent infection/colonization with a MDRO was more frequent in the long-course group compared to the short-course group (53.2 vs 21.1 %; P = 0.027). This study found that long-course antibacterial use in the setting of viral pneumonia had no impact on clinical outcomes but increased the incidence of subsequent MDRO infection/colonization.
The use of decoys as a research tool for attracting wading birds

The ability to attract wading birds to a specific location is an important tool for wading bird research. We examined the effectiveness of three commercially available decoy types in attracting free-ranging wading birds to a precise location. There was a statistically significant effect of decoy type on the abundance of wading birds. Wading birds were more attracted to sites with plastic flamingo and Tyvek® bag decoys than with Texas rag decoys or no decoys (control sites). The flamingo and Tyvek® bag decoys have a rigid three-dimensional shape, which may be a more important characteristic than the detailed features of a decoy in attracting wading birds. White wading birds showed a significant effect of decoy type on abundance, whereas birds with dark plumage did not.
Biochemical Genetics of Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase: High Frequency Transfer and Chromosome Mobilization by Broad Host-Range R-Factors in CO2-Fixing Bacteria

Much attention has recently been focused on CO2 fixation, and especially on ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP) carboxylase/oxygenase which may represent a rate-limiting step in crop productivity (see Siegelman and Hind, dy1978, for recent symposium). For example, symbiotic N2 fixation is probably often limited by the availability of energy in the form of photosynthate supplied by the host plant (Hardy and Havelka, 1975).
Nestmate Recognition between Males and Gynes of the Social Wasp Polistes fuscatus (Hymenoptera: Vespidae)

In the laboratory, Polistes fuscatus (F.) males and gynes from the same colony (i.e., nestmates) are significantly more tolerant of each other and copulate significantly less often than unrelated males and gynes. Interactions between a male and a gyne are affected by a gyne's previous exposure to male nestmates.
Intracytoplasmic sperm injection: a powerful tool to overcome fertilization failure

Objective To describe the novel micromanipulation technique known as intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI), which has been applied successfully to treat male factor infertility, even in patients with severely impaired sperm characteristics. This paper reviews the historical aspects that led to the development of ICSI in the animal model as well as the current experience in the human. Design Before using assisted fertilization techniques to enhance fertilization of human gametes, it is imperative that practitioners gain extensive experience in the animal model. In addition, criteria for accepting individuals for treatment with ICSI are discussed along with other applications of the procedure in infertile couples who do not benefit from standard IVF. Results Because ICSI resulted in limited success in animal models, it seemed unlikely that it would be successful in humans. Yet, ICSI now appears to be the most successful and significant innovation developed for dealing with male factor infertility since the emergence of IVF itself. To date, a relatively large group of healthy children have been born from this technology and there appears to be no increased incidence of congenital malformations. Conclusions The consistently high success rate resulting from the application of ICSI to treat couples with male factor infertility is comparable to the results obtained using standard IVF techniques performed in nonmale factor couples. This finding indicates that spermatozoa obtained from subfertile men selected for intracytoplasmic injection are usually genotypically normal.
Analytic-comparative Study of Chinese Philosophy: On A Rising Trend in North America

Since the 1990s there has been a trend in North America to study Chinese philosophy from analytic and comparative perspectives. It formed a triadic relationship with the traditional way of studying Chinese philosophy as in Chinese studies and with the reconstructionist study of Chinese philosophy. Three types of scholars have been involved in this trend. They are Chinese philosophers in North America, students from philosophy departments with strength in Chinese philosophy, and traditional Western analytic philosophers turned to Chinese philosophy. Although the merit and weakness of this kind of study of Chinese philosophy still need to examined, it has the notable effect of promoting Chinese philosophy on the world stage and enhancing the dialogue between Chinese and Western philosophy. Studying and understanding this significant trend can help us better understand the state of Chinese philosophy in the world and benefit our own study of Chinese philosophy.