cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Pygmalion’s Folly and the Author’s Craft in Jean de Meun’s Roman de la Rose

This article studies Jean de Meun’s reworking of the Pygmalion myth in his continuation of the Romance of the Rose. Through a close textual reading, we argue that Jean de Meun in his retelling of the myth mimetically interweaves Pygmalion’s folly and the author’s writing. Although earlier critical studies have recognized the figure of Pygmalion in the Rose as symbolizing the poet, they have generally overlooked how Pygmalion’s folly operates on the level of authorship. We will argue that the Cypriot sculptor’s ‘foolish’ transformation of matter (i.e. his statue of Galatea becoming ‘real’) is imitated in Jean’s transformation of poetic matter into a tangible written artifact. Moreover, this artistic substantiation through madness stages authorial craft as a mimesis of divine power in order to confer to the author a quasi-demiurgic status of deus artifex.
Paecilomyces pyelonephritis complicating nephrolithiasis and review of Paecilomyces infections.

Abstract We report a case of Paecilomyces variotii isolated from the renal pelvis at ureterolithotomy. The patient presented with nephrolithiasis, acute flank pain, fever and pyuria, which resolved postoperatively. Paecilomyces has infected the cornea, prosthetic lens implants, lacrimal sac, maxillary sinuses, prosthetic mitral and aortic valves, skin and a ventriculoperitoneal shunt.
Postinfarction ventricular aneurysmectomy. Surgical Technique.

Prior to the development of extracorporeal circulation, efforts to operate upon ventricular aneurysms were unsatisfactory in virtually all respects. This report describes the surgical treatment that has evolved in detail and emphasizes certain aspects of surgical technique.
[The Langerhans cell organelle in Letterer Siwe's disease].

Beschrieben werden die elektronenmikroskopischen Eigenschaften der Langerhans-Zellorganellen (LZO) enthaltenden Zellen in Hautlasionen von Morbus Letterer-Siwe. Zur Untersuchung kamen nach der Routine-methode aufgearbeitete Praparate (Glutaraldehyd-OsO4) und mit einem Osmium-Zinkjodid-Gemisch (OsO4ZnJ2) fixierte Praparate. Dabei zeigen sich wesentliche Unterschiede zwischen den LZO in den dermalen Histiocyten und in den epidermalen Langerhans-Zellen. Wahrend die epidermalen LZO in der Regel osmiumzinkjodid-positiv sind, verhalten sich die dermalen LZO negativ. Die Bedeutung dieses Befundes und die derzeit noch fragwurdige Identitat sogenannter Langerhans-Zellorganellen werden diskutiert.
Valvular heart disease in older people.

Chronic valvular heart disease was found in 8.3 per cent of patients 50 years of age or older who were necropsied at the Mayo Clinic in 1950 and 1951. Although many lived to old age the valvular deformities presented hazards which indicate that ante- mortem recognition is of importance.
Black Panther Party (BPP)

Formed in Oakland, California in 1966, the BPP aimed to promote Black Power and self-defense. Its founders, college students Huey Newton and Bobby Seale, urged blacks to resist racist violence “by any means necessary,” wore black berets and leather jackets, carried guns, and recruited mostly young urban members. Its official newspaper was The Black Panther . By 1968 the party had a national membership of more than 5,000 in 40 chapters and a Panther circulation of 250,000. Panthers were race rebels. Their community work, including free breakfasts for children, was underappreciated. Media focused on their Ten-Point Program, which included “freedom for all black and oppressed people now held” in prisons and jails, armed rallies, and confrontations with police. State and local authorities monitored them; the FBI also infiltrated the party's operations to create internal strife. Police had killed at least twenty-eight Panthers by 1970, during which time New York State alone sentenced twenty-one of them to prison. BPP declined in the late 1970s.
Chapter 6 – Character Traits of Expert Witnesses: The Good and the Bad

“Impressing” a jury (or a judge) is a relative term. Impressing someone may not be the same as convincing them to believe you, but the oft-referenced list of behaviors and choice of language that aid in creating a good impression are always part of the discussion about expert witnessing “success.” Witness credibility in the legal arena is a multi-factored assemblage of behaviors that the witness must possess in order to be effective. Often, the truth of statements is determined by whether the jury is comfortable with the personality traits discussed in this chapter.
Mídia e Deliberação Política: O Modelo do Cidadão Interpretante

O artigo discute o papel dos meios de comunicacao em regimes democraticos e critica o paradigma dominante que define este papel como a transmissao de informacoes. Para solucionar o "dilema democratico" (o conflito entre as expectativas da teoria democratica em relacao a uma cidadania bem informada e a realidade dos baixos niveis de informacao dos publicos de massa), necessitamos ir alem do ideal do modelo do "cidadao bem-informado". O artigo apresenta o modelo do "cidadao interpretante" como um caminho mais apropriado para resolver o dilema democratico, sugerindo qual deve ser o papel dos meios de comunicacao em uma democracia. As conclusoes ressaltam o papel politico dos meios de comunicacao ao prover ao publico nao apenas informacoes mas tambem "enquadramentos interpretativos" que permitem as pessoas comuns fazer sentido do mundo da politica.
Application of the Intersystem Approach for Combat Veterans Experiencing Sexual Problems Related to Trauma and Injuries of War

ABSTRACTThe purpose of this article is to explore how the Intersystem Approach can be applied to combat veterans experiencing sexual problems related to post-traumatic stress disorder, traumatic brain injury, and severe wounds. Thousands of combat veterans have returned home with injuries and traumatic memories that are influencing their overall functioning. The information presented looks at 5 different domains combat veterans might experience problems within, including individual/medical, individual/psychological, dyadic, intergenerational, and society/culture. Assessment ideas and treatment considerations are described in detail within the domains, conveying to therapists the importance of the issue. Following the descriptions of problems combat veterans might face overseas and returning home is a case example. The presenting problems, theoretical framework, and treatment approach are thoroughly explained in order to see how the application of the Intersystem Approach can be used with combat veterans e...
An update on the use of C. elegans for preclinical drug discovery: screening and identifying anti-infective drugs

Introduction: The emergence of antibiotic-resistant and -tolerant bacteria is a major threat to human health. Although efforts for drug discovery are ongoing, conventional bacteria-centered screeni...
Sickle Cell Disease – The American Saga

The transformation of sickle cell disease (SCD) from obscurity in Africa to visibility in America over the past 100 years is intertwined with politics and race relations unique to America.1 Parallel to the development of a conventional scientific understanding of the disease and the evolution of disease control strategies, SCD also developed socio-politically. Initially thought to be a disease exclusively affecting a minority group, it was brought on the political agenda through concerted efforts made primarily by the community that identified closely with the people who suffered from it. The socio-political development that propelled investments in research into the disease’s origins, treatment, and models of care resulted in considerable improvements in life expectancy of people with SCD over the past nine decades.2 In this article, we explore the timeline of scientific attention to SCD and the published literature, available from various online sources including the National Library of Medicine’s PubMed. In our online search, we used the key words and phrases: sickle cell disease history; history of sickle cell disease in United States; and prevalence of sickle cell disease. References found in retrieved articles and books provided additional sources of information aligned with our search.
Disaster Risk Management: Assessing and Leveraging Existing Capacities

This chapter highlights existing institutions and capacities that can be deployed for disaster risk management. It starts with a discussion of the process for assessing capacities and some of the key international, regional, and national actors in the military and civilian sectors with technical expertise, capacity, and authority to address climate change-related natural disasters, including those that work on planning, preparedness, response, and recovery. It then considers tools for building adaptive capacity, including a course on “Climate Change, Disasters, and Security” and a suite of tools on environmental peacebuilding.
Formation of the Vertebrate Neuromuscular Junction

The formation of the neuromuscular junction (NMJ) is an example of establishment of contact between unlike cells—nerve and muscle—that results in functional interaction between them. This chapter focuses on the establishment of contact, the morphogenesis of the NMJ, the acquisition of functional competence, and the regulation of these processes at the cellular level. This chapter is not an exhaustive review of the area; rather, coverage is restricted to the development of the NMJs in three organisms: rat, chick, and the amphibian Xenopus laevis. The exact sequence of events leading to the formation of a NMJ will in the end be unique to that junction. However, general principles will apply to the development of all NMJs. The aim of the present study is to describe the general features common to the development of the junctions of these three preparations. The formation of the NMJ, including studies pertaining to the effects of denervation and regeneration, has also been recently reviewed by Bennett (1983).
Respiratory morbidity among U.S. coal miners in states outside of central Appalachia

Background Recent NIOSH publications have focused on the respiratory health of coal miners in central Appalachia, yet 57% of U.S. coal miners work in other regions. We characterized respiratory morbidity in coal miners from these regions. Methods Active coal miners working outside of central Appalachia who received chest radiographs and/or spirometry during 2005-2015 were included. Chest radiographs were classified according to International Labour Office standards and spirometry was interpreted using the American Thoracic Society guidelines. Prevalence of coal workers’ pneumoconiosis (CWP) and abnormal spirometry were compared by region. Results A total of 103 (2.1%) miners had CWP. The eastern region had the highest prevalence (3.4%), followed by the western (1.7%), and interior (0.8%) regions. A total of 524 (9.3%) miners had abnormal spirometry. Conclusions CWP occurs in all U.S. coal mining regions. Prevalence of CWP was higher in the eastern region, but lower than levels reported in central Appalachia.
Reimagining Childhood: Responding to the Challenge Presented by Severe Developmental Disability

Through an exploration of the experience of severe and profound intellectual disability, this essay will attempt to expose the predominant, yet usually obscured, medical anthropology of the child and examine its effects on pediatric bioethics. I will argue that both modern western society and modern western medicine do, actually, have a robust notion of the child, a notion which can find its roots in three influential thinkers: Aristotle, Immanuel Kant and Jean Piaget. Together, these philosophers offer us a compelling vision: the child is primarily a future rational, autonomous adult. While this tacit understanding has arguably widespread effects on such things as our concept of good parenting, of proper schooling, and so on, I will focus on the effect is has on the treatment of children with severe developmental disabilities. When examined in light of this population, the dominant medical anthropology of the child will be shown to be deficient. Instead, I argue for an expansion—indeed, a full reimagining—of our notions of childhood, not only to re-infuse dignity into the lives of children with SDD, but to better represent the goods of childhood, generally.
The Cross-National Generality of Theoretical Explanation

In commenting on the similarity of findings about adolescent problem behavior emerging from comparative, cross-national studies in markedly different societies, this chapter provides a brief exegesis on the difference between description and explanation. While description is an account at the observable, apparent, or phenotypic level and emphasizes obvious differences, explanation requires an account at the underlying, causal, or genotypic level. It is the latter that can reveal that, despite apparent differences in mean levels of, say, problem behavior, in different societies, and of apparent differences in mean levels of its theoretical predictors, the underlying relations of the theoretical predictors to variation in problem behavior should be invariant across the different societies. The chapter argues for greater theory-oriented rather than descriptive cross-national, comparative research.
Interrogation of the Atherosclerosis-Associated SORT1 (Sortilin 1) Locus With Primary Human Hepatocytes, Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell-Hepatocytes, and Locus-Humanized Mice.

Objective—The noncoding single-nucleotide polymorphism rs12740374 has been hypothesized to be the causal variant responsible for liver-specific modulation of SORT1(sortilin 1) expression (ie, expre...
Evidence-Based Best Practices for Batterer Intervention Programs: A Report From the Field on the Realities and Challenges Batterer Intervention Programs Are Facing

Throughout the United States, individuals are being court-ordered to attend batterer intervention programs (BIPs). BIPs were developed as an option to punish offenders for intimate partner violence (IPV) at the misdemeanor level. The purpose of BIPs is to hold batterers accountable and reduce the likelihood of recurring battery. However, determining the effectiveness of such programs has proven difficult because of the differences across programs and the uniqueness of individual batterers. In any case, there are best practices identified in the literature for particular components of BIPs such as practitioner education and training, proper intake and assessment, and offender oversight. In this article, we review the literature on the history of BIPs as well as the best practices identified earlier. Furthermore, the article describes an exploratory study that surveyed 7 local BIP practitioners. The questionnaire assessed practitioners’ practices and their compliance with current state standards as well as evidence-based practices recommended in the literature. The responses provided insight into the difficulties that practitioners face in meeting current state standards as well as practices outlined in empirical research. We conclude with a discussion on the issue of treating all batterers the same as well as areas for future study in the field of batterer intervention.
The Use of cowside milk progesterone assay as an effective management tool

Progesterone is a hormone that is produced by the corpus luteum during its functional period in the estrus cycle of the cow. Progesterone is produced by the functional corpus luetum during pregnancy. It can also be produced by a luteal cyst. Progesterone circulates in the blood and can be found in the milk in measurable quantities. The level of progesterone in a milk sample indicates the presence or absence of progesterone producing structures on the ovaries. Determination of ovarian structures at a specific time provides valuable information about the stage of estrus, pregnancy status, and ovarian health, as this article will discuss in detail. A cowside milk progesterone assay can be used to rapidly and economically determine the approximate level of progesterone in a sample of milk, which yields valuable information about the reproductive status of the cow.
Connecting interatomic potential characteristics with deformation response in FCC materials

Abstract We present a molecular dynamics study using six different FCC model embedded atom method interatomic potentials. We investigate the relationship between specific interatomic force law properties and the deformation response of nano-scale grain boundary networks. We used a fully periodic quasi three-dimensional sample with random [1 1 0] tilt boundaries, adjusted for the lattice parameter of each potential. This procedure enabled the study of deformation behavior differences to be attributed to the potential used. The interatomic potential characteristics of cohesive energy, elastic constants and stable and unstable stacking fault energies were correlated with grain boundary structure and energy, the yield and flow stress, and the contributions to plasticity from dislocation emission and grain boundary sliding. We find non-planar features in the grain boundary structure for interatomic potentials characterized by low stacking fault energy. In turn, these non-planar features in the grain boundary hinder grain boundary sliding deformation mechanisms. Dislocation emission from the grain boundaries is controlled by the unstable stacking fault energy. The overall yield and flow stresses observed for these nano-scale grain boundary networks correlate with the unstable stacking fault energy given by the potential.
Developmental Psychopathology: Child Psychology Aspects

Developmental psychopathology can be defined as the study and prediction of maladaptive behaviors and processes across time. In this article, three models, a trait model, a contextual or environmental model, and an interactional model are presented as prototypes of the various views of the etiology of psychopathology.
Low-temperature thermal conductivity of YBa2Cu3O7- delta.

The thermal conductivity of $\mathrm{Y}{\mathrm{Ba}}_{2}{\mathrm{Cu}}_{3}{\mathrm{O}}_{7\ensuremath{-}\ensuremath{\delta}}$ has been measured between 0.1 and 7 K. The data are similar in magnitude and temperature dependence to data for other sintered ceramics.
Desert rangeland livestock management in Soviet Central Asia

Nomadic livestock grazing has occurred on desert rangelands in Soviet Central Asia for centuries. While remnants exist today, a more settled form of grazing was established during the collectivization of Soviet agriculture (1929–33). With the exception of western multiple-use philosophy and ownership of the means of production, livestock management in Central Asia has many similarities to that in the Great Basin of North America, particularly in regard to water development, pasture rotation and seeding of forage species. Future improvements may occur as much from Gorbachev's perestroyka initiatives as from improvements in vegetation and livestock management techniques.
DeepTCR: a deep learning framework for revealing structural concepts within TCR Repertoire

Deep learning algorithms have been utilized to achieve excellent performance in pattern-recognition tasks, such as in image and vocal recognition. The ability to learn complex patterns in data has tremendous implications in the genomics world, where sequence motifs become learned features that can be used to predict functionality, guiding our understanding of disease and basic biology. T-cell receptor (TCR) sequencing assesses the diversity of the adaptive immune system, and while prior conventional biological sequence analysis tools have been insightful, they can miss signals in the data due to their rigidity. We present DeepTCR, a broad collection of unsupervised and supervised deep learning methods able to uncover structure in highly complex and large TCR sequencing data. We demonstrate its utility across multiple basic science and clinical examples, including learning antigen-specific motifs and understanding immunotherapy-related shaping of repertoire. We further extract meaningful motifs from the trained network as a means of explaining the sequence concepts that have been learned to accomplish a given task. Our results show the flexibility and capacity for deep neural networks to handle the complexity of high-dimensional genomics data for both descriptive and predictive purposes.
Kerma Ceramics, Commensality Practices, and Sensory Experiences in Egypt During the Late Middle Bronze Age

This article examines instances of ceramics from the Classic Kerma state in modern-day Sudan found in Egypt during the Middle Bronze Age. Moving beyond traditional colonial and ethnic interpretations of this material, I argue that the inherently sensorial and bodily aspects of these vessels in Kerman eating and drinking practices made these objects appealing for experimentation with Egyptian audiences. Commensality in social reception and hospitality between Kermans and Egyptians is argued to be a primary means through which these objects and practices were exchanged and experimented with. These instances of commensality worked to construct, maintain, and negotiate social bonds and relationships during intercultural encounters and processes such as migration, trade, and diplomacy between Egyptian and Kerman populations.
Human vs robotic organ retraction during laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication

Background: Advances in technique and instrumentation have enabled surgeons to perform an increasing number of complicated procedures through laparoscopy. However, these efforts have often been compromised by the exertion of excessive force when anatomical structures are retracted to create a clear view of the anatomy. Here, we present a comparative study of human and robotic performance in force-controlled organ retraction during laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication (LNF). Methods: Six female pigs (20–25 kg) were anesthetized, intubated, and placed on mechanical ventilation; pneumoperitoneum (13 mmHg CO2) was established. A force-sensing retractor (FSR) was constructed to record the forces applied in retracting the stomach during dissection of the esophageal hiatus. The FSR was calibrated using known forces and then operated by either human alone or robot under human guidance using the FSR data. The esophageal hiatus was visualized and dissected, and LNF was completed. Results: Less force was needed for robotic (74.3 ± 10.5 g; mean ± standard deviation) than for human (108.9 ± 34.3 g) retraction (p= 0.007) to obtain an optimal view of the esophageal hiatus. No significant differences were observed for retraction setup time (robot, 14.3 ± 0.8 min; human, 13.7 ± 9.9 min; mean ± SD) or hiatal dissection time (robot, 14.0 ± 3.0 min; human, 14.0 ± 6.1 min; mean ± SD). Conclusions: These preliminary results illustrate our continuing effort to develop and evaluate an automated surgical assistant for laparoscopy. As more personnel-intensive advanced laparoscopic procedures are performed, robotic retraction is likely to offer a superior alternative to human retraction; it minimizes the forces exerted on the organs while maintaining excellent anatomical view.
Superficial Femoral Artery Occlusion Reduces Aortofemoral Bypass Graft Patency.

OBJECTIVES The effect of superficial femoral artery (SFA) occlusion on long-term patency of aortofemoral bypasses (AFBs) for aortoiliac occlusive disease (AIOD) was examined. METHODS The AIOD database was reviewed to identify risk factors for AFB failure. The status of the SFA at AFB procedure was categorised as patent; diseased treated (DT), if the SFA occlusion was intervened on concomitant to AFB; or diseased untreated (DU), if the SFA was occluded but not revascularised. Censoring hierarchies for primary patency and patent graft survival time were constructed. Data were analysed by contingency table, Kaplan-Meier, and Cox regression analysis. RESULTS Between 2004 and 2015, 122 AFB (9 unifemoral, 113 bifemoral) for AIOD were performed. Seventy-five (61%) were female and the mean age was 60 ± 10 years. At the time of AFB, 50 (41%) had occluded SFAs (DT/DU). Of these, 15 had concomitant SFA revascularisation (i.e., DT) at the time of AFB. Patients with occluded SFAs had greater history of prior aortoiliac/infrainguinal procedures (aortoiliac 54% vs. 22%, infrainguinal 58% vs. 25%, both p < 0.001), Trans-Atlantic Inter-Society Consensus II classification of femoropopliteal type D lesions (78 vs. 10%, p < 0.001), Rutherford 4-6 categories (80% vs. 57%, p = 0.011), and longer hospital stay (median 11 vs. 7 days, p < 0.004). SFA status did not affect 30 day mortality (overall 9%); however, sub-analysis showed DT had significantly higher mortality than DU (p < 0.03). Over a median follow up of 7.7 (IQR 4.3-11.4) years, primary patency at one and five years was 98.3% and 91.2% in patients with patent SFAs, 87.9% and 82.7% in DU, and 72.7% and 43.6% in DT (p < 0.001), respectively. On multivariable analysis, low baseline glomerular filtration rate (HR 1.01, p = 0.022), DT (HR 3.7, p = 0.020), Rutherford 4-6 (HR 9.1, p = 0.048), and occluded SFA (HR 3.9, p = 0.009) adversely affected primary patency of AFBs. Long-term mortality was not different between the SFA status groups (p = 0.279). CONCLUSION Baseline SFA occlusion predicted a fourfold increased hazard of primary AFB failure. Concomitant SFA revascularisation did not improve AFB durability and was associated with increased in hospital mortality.
Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma Outcomes and Cost: Analysis of the Kids' Inpatient Database.

Objective:To report trends in Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma (JNA) hospitalizations and identify key factors affecting treatment outcomes and cost of care in JNA patients.Methods:The Healthca...
Targeting the Oncogenic Long Non-coding RNA SLNCR1 by Blocking Its Sequence-Specific Binding to the Androgen Receptor

Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are critical regulators of numerous physiological processes and diseases, especially cancers. However, development of lncRNA-based therapies is limited because the mechanisms of many lncRNAs are obscure, and interactions with functional partners, including proteins, remain uncharacterized. The lncRNA SLNCR1 binds to and regulates the androgen receptor (AR) to mediate melanoma invasion and proliferation in an androgen-independent manner. Here, we use biochemical analyses coupled with selective 2'-hydroxyl acylation analyzed by primer extension (SHAPE) RNA structure probing to show that the N-terminal domain of AR binds a pyrimidine-rich motif in an unstructured region of SLNCR1. This motif is predictive of AR binding, as we identify an AR-binding motif in lncRNA HOXA11-AS-203. Oligonucleotides that bind either the AR N-terminal domain or the AR RNA motif block the SLNCR1-AR interaction and reduce SLNCR1-mediated melanoma invasion. Delivery of oligos that block SLNCR1-AR interaction thus represent a plausible therapeutic strategy.
Policing and Racial (In)Justice in the Media: Newspaper Portrayals of the “Black Lives Matter” Movement

The “Black Lives Matter” movement, centered on fighting racial injustice and inequality (particularly in the criminal justice system), has garnered a great deal of media attention in recent years. Given the relatively recent emergence of the movement, there exists very little scholarly research on media portrayals of the movement. In this article, I report findings from a qualitative examination of major newspaper portrayals of the Black Lives Matter (BLM) movement between April and August 2016, before the particularly divisive 2016 presidential election. Inductive textual analyses of 131 newspaper articles indicate that, although the movement’s goals were represented positively and from the perspective of members of the movement, the newspapers politicized and sensationalized the movement, and they focused far more on supposed negative consequences of the movement. I discuss these findings by drawing on the “protest paradigm” and the “public nuisance paradigm” in media coverage of social protest movements, arguing that the latter is particularly useful for interpreting portrayals of Black Lives Matter in the prevailing US political climate.
Understanding the composition and spatial distribution of biological selenate reduction products for potential selenium recovery

Selenate is a common contaminant in agricultural drainage from areas with seleniferous soils. Microbes can convert selenate to elemental selenium nanoparticles, which may be recovered as a valuable resource. One challenge in the recovery of selenium from agricultural drainage is the coexistence of sulfate at very high concentrations. Studies have shown that sulfate may inhibit selenate reduction and lead to the precipitation of selenium sulfides, thus hindering the recovery of elemental selenium nanoparticles. It was found in this work that the hydraulic retention time (HRT) determined the effects of sulfate on selenate reduction by controlling the composition and spatial distribution of the selenium products in a H2-based membrane biofilm reactor. At a HRT of 0.28 days, 99% of selenate was reduced to elemental selenium nanoparticles precipitated in the reactor and suspended in effluent, which was desirable for recovery. When the HRT was decreased to 0.14 days or smaller, selenium sulfides became the dominant particulate selenium product in the effluent. Interestingly, elemental selenium was always the dominant particulate selenium product in the biofilm regardless of HRT owing to further biological reduction of selenium sulfides to elemental selenium and sulfide. At HRTs of 0.28 and 0.14 days, famous selenate and selenite reducers such as Rhodocyclaceae (including Azospira oryzae) and Rhizobium sp. were enriched in the biofilm. Decreasing HRT to 0.07 days resulted in electron donor limitation, which further led to the biofilm dominated by Desulfobulbaceae that is well known for its ability to reduce sulfur and selenium oxyanions and the enrichment of sulfide-oxidizing bacteria.
Time-course analysis of Streptococcus sanguinis after manganese depletion reveals changes in glycolytic, nucleotide, and redox metabolites

Abstract Introduction Manganese is important for the endocarditis pathogen, Streptococcus sanguinis. Little is known about why manganese is required for virulence or how it impacts the metabolome of streptococci. Objectives We applied untargeted metabolomics to cells and the Brain Heart Infusion media they were growing in to understand temporal changes resulting from manganese depletion. Methods EDTA was added to a S. sanguinis manganese-transporter mutant in aerobic fermentor conditions. Cell and media samples were collected pre- and post-EDTA treatment. Metabolomics data were generated using positive and negative modes of data acquisition on an LC-MS/MS system. Data were subjected to statistical processing using MetaboAnalyst and time-course analysis using Short Time series Expression Miner (STEM). Results We observed quantitative changes in 534 and 422 metabolites in cells and media, respectively. The 173 cellular metabolites identified as significantly different indicated enrichment of purine and pyrimidine metabolism. Further multivariate analysis revealed that the top 15 cellular metabolites belonged to lipids, cCMP, cUMP, and redox metabolites. The STEM analysis revealed global changes in cells and media in comparable metabolic pathways. Products of glycolysis such as pyruvate and fructose-1,6-bisphosphate increased after EDTA addition, which indicates catabolic enzymes may require a manganese cofactor. Nucleosides accumulated after depletion, possibly due to a blockage in the conversion to nucleobases. Accumulation of ortho-tyrosine suggests the cells were oxidized but unable to regulate utilization of redox metabolites such as glutathione. Conclusion Differential analysis of metabolites revealed the activation of a number of metabolic pathways in response to manganese depletion, many of which may be connected to carbon catabolite repression.
A beautiful day in the neighborhood: Application of single cell transcriptomics to unravel liver cell heterogeneity in diseased human livers.

Kim and colleagues have taken advantage of recently developed computational methodology and advances in next generation sequencing of RNA isolates from individual cells and whole livers to characterize and compare differences in liver cell communities across a spectrum of liver diseases.
Alcohol-Associated Liver Disease Before and After COVID-19 – An Overview and Call for Ongoing Investigation

The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has exacted a heavy toll on patients with alcohol-associated liver disease (ALD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD). The collective burden of ALD and AUD was large and growing, even before the COVID-19 pandemic. There is accumulating evidence that this pandemic has had a large direct effect on these patients and is likely to produce indirect effects through delays in care, psychological strain, and increased alcohol use. Now a year into the pandemic, it is important that clinicians fully understand the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on patients with ALD and AUD. To fill existing gaps in knowledge, the scientific community must set research priorities for patients with ALD regarding their risk of COVID-19, prevention/treatment of COVID-19, changes in alcohol use during the pandemic, best use of AUD treatments in the COVID-19 era, and downstream effects of this pandemic on ALD. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has already inflicted disproportionate harms on patients with ALD, and ongoing, focused research efforts will be critical to better understand the direct and collateral effects of this pandemic on ALD.
Household Food Insecurity, Dietary Acculturation, and Obesity.

Ecology of Food and Nutrition (EFN) promotes scholarly discussion and engagement on the holistic and cross-cultural dimensions of food and nutrition. Articles published in this journal focus on foo...
Streptococcus oralis MitraClip endocarditis following a dental procedure: a case report.

Background Transcatheter edge-to-edge mitral valve repair using the MitraClip device is increasingly used for high surgical risk patients with severe mitral regurgitation (MR). Previous guidelines for infective endocarditis prophylaxis prior to dental procedures focused on high-risk patients, but without explicit recommendation for MitraClip recipients. We believe this could be the first reported case to identify Streptococcus oralis as the causative organism. Case presentation An 87-year-old male with severe MR treated with two MitraClip devices three months prior to index admission, presented with worsening malaise and intermittent chills on a background of multiple comorbid conditions. The patient had dental work a month prior to presentation, including a root canal procedure, without antibiotic prophylaxis. Vitals were significant for fever and hypotension. On physical examination, there was a holosystolic murmur at the apex radiating to the axilla, bilateral pitting edema in the lower extremities, and elevated jugular venous pulsation. A transthoracic echocardiogram showed severe MR with a possible echodensity on the mitral valve, prompting a transesophageal echocardiogram, which demonstrated a pedunculated, mobile mass on the posterior leaflet of the mitral valve. Five blood cultures grew gram positive cocci in pairs and chains, later identified as Streptococcus oralis, with minimum inhibitory concentration to penicillin 0.06 mg/L. Initial empiric antibiotics were switched to ceftriaxone 2 gr daily and subsequent blood cultures remained negative. However, the patient developed pulmonary edema and worsening hemodynamic instability requiring vasopressors. As surgical risk for re-operation was considered prohibitive, the decision was made to continue medical management and comfort-directed care. The patient died a week later. Conclusions Despite low incidence, infective endocarditis should be included in the differential among MitraClip recipients. The explicit inclusion of this growing patient population in the group requiring prophylaxis prior to dental procedures in the 2020 ACC/AHA valvular heart disease guidelines is an important step forward.
From STARNET to CORD: Lessons Learned from Stanford WDM Projects

The design of an optical WDM network requires the resolution of six key issues: (1) topology; (2) signaling and control; (3) slot synchronization; (4) bit clock recovery; (5) interfacing; and (6) node structure. The Optical Communications Research Laboratory (OCRL) at Stanford University has developed two optical WDM networks: STARNET and CORD. In the development of these networks, several different approaches have been taken to address each of these six issues. The approaches developed and tested include: physical star topology with reconfigurable logical ring and star topologies; combined modulation and multichannel subcarrier multiplexing to provide out-of-band control; asynchronous electronic buffering and network-wide slot alignment for slot synchronization; parallel oversampling, embedded clock tone, and PLL techniques for bit clock recovery; electronic and optical techniques for interfacing with other networks; and various node structures based on electronic and optical buffering schemes. In this paper we describe and contrast the approaches taken in STARNET and CORD and conclusions are drawn as to which techniques are best suited for the next generation WDM optical networks.
Increasing Competitiveness for an Otolaryngology Residency: Where We Are and Concerns about the Future

For graduating medical students, securing a residency in otolaryngology–head and neck surgery has become exceedingly difficult. This commentary explores the ways that applicants and residency programs are reacting to the increasing competitiveness in applying to, interviewing for, and matching to an otolaryngology residency. The commonly held perceptions of applicants are compared to perspectives held by residency program directors and resident selection committees. Unintended consequences of the growing trend for medical students to add a research year to their curriculum are presented. Some cautions and suggestions about how to improve the application and selection process are offered.
Accurate resource estimation algorithms for behavioral synthesis

Given a scheduled data flow graph the functional, storage, and interconnect (multiplexors) resources are analytically estimated taking into account the effects of post-scheduling tasks. Complexity of the controller implementation is also estimated. The novelty of this work lies in predicting the effects of the post-scheduling task on the final amount of resources, the effects of data path resource optimization on the controller complexity. Experimental results show high correlation between estimated and actual numbers.
Complex composite odontoma involving the maxilla and maxillary sinus; report of a case.

Abstract A case of a very large complex composite odontoma in an 11-year-old girl has been presented. The tumor was resected surgically from the left maxilla and maxillary sinus. Healing was uneventful and the patient's symptoms of ocular pressure not only were relieved following surgery, but corrected themselves to a large degree. No oral-antral perforation has resulted following surgery and the patient will be able to wear a normal partial denture to replace missing teeth.
Anisotropy control in the reactive ion etching of InP using oxygen in methane/hydrogen/argon

This paper contrasts the various uses of oxygen in methane/hydrogen/argon (O/sub 2/:MHA) RIE, in continuous or cyclical processes, for etching deep structures (>5 /spl mu/m). In particular, we show its application to long wave, InGaAsP/InP mirrors for vertical cavity surface emitting laser structures (VCSELs). >
Large cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma of childhood: Analysis of 78 consecutive patients enrolled in 2 consecutive protocols at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center.

BACKGROUND The authors report a study of pediatric patients with advanced diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLCL) who were treated with 2 consecutive regimens, LSA2-L2 and LSA4, over a 25-year-period at the Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center. They also describe a comparative analysis of two subgroups retrospectively identified as having CD30 positive (+) anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) and CD30 negative (−) DLCL. To the authors' knowledge, this study represents the longest follow-up on the largest series of uniformly treated pediatric DLCL patients reported to date. METHODS A total of 78 consecutive patients were treated for Stage III/IV DLCL. Immunophenotypic data were obtained retrospectively for 52 patients using a panel of monoclonal antibodies against CD30, CD15, CD45, CD45Ro, CD43, epithelial membrane antigen, CD5, BCL-2, cyclin-D, and p53. RESULTS A disease free survival rate of 72% in patients with advanced stage DLCL using the LSA2-L2 and LSA4 regimens. Of the 78 treated patients, 56 are alive and without evidence of disease with a median follow-up of 120 months (range, 24–312 months). The recurrence rate was significantly higher in the CD30+ ALCL subgroup (33%) than in the CD30− DLCL group (0.04%). Of 52 patients for whom immunophenotypic data were available, 28 had disease of B-cell lineage, 24 had disease of T-cell/null phenotype, 19 were CD30+ (36.5%), 18 had disease of T-cell phenotype, and 1 had disease of B-cell lineage. CONCLUSIONS The CD30− DLCL cases mostly were of B-cell lineage, had a small risk of treatment failure, and did not develop a recurrence off therapy. A distinct clinical pattern was identified for the CD30+ ALCL group; although these tumors were of T-cell lineage and had a significantly higher rate of late recurrences (median follow-up of 24 months) they all were salvageable. Based on the findings of the current study, the authors propose that T-cell CD30+ ALCL be addressed in the future according to equal dose intensity regimens in induction therapy, as is done for B-cell lymphomas; prolonged periods of maintenance chemotherapy, as is done for T-cell lymphoblastic lymphomas; and no central nervous system prophylaxis beyond the induction period unless other recognized risk factors are present. Cancer 2000;88:186–97. © 2000 American Cancer Society.
Taking and Using Depositions Before Action or Pending Appeal in Federal Court

In this Article, Professor Grenig examines the procedures for taking or using a deposition or other methods of discovery before an action has commenced or pending an appeal.
The chromic acid oxidation of oxalic acid

Abstract In the chromic acid oxidation of oxalic acid in the range where the reaction is first order in the substrate, oxalic acid is very reactive toward chromium(IV) and rather unreactive toward chromium(V). A mechanism analogous to that of the chromic acid oxidation of alcohols and aldehydes is proposed for the first order kinetic term.
The use of biological markers in studies of health effects of pollutants Foreword to the proceedings of the second workshop on health surveillance around Point Sources of Pollution

Abstract The focus of this Conference on Point Sources of Pollution represents one approach to greater precision in the specification of exposure of populations. One paper drew attention to an additional and potentially very fruitful approach: The use of biological markers. Biological markers are cellular or biochemical changes in individuals that are indicative of exposure to environmental agents and which may or may not be precursors of morbidity. In addition to improving quantitative and qualitative specification of the dependent and independent variables in epidemiologic research, studies of such markers should provide a better linkage between the efforts of epidemiologist public health professionals concerned with the more practical problems of disease control and prevention and basic science medical researchers in their inquiries into mechanism and disease etiology.
An efficient calibration method for continental‐scale land surface modeling

[1] Land surface models contain physically conceptualized parameters that require calibration for optimal model performance. However, calibration time can be prohibitive. To reduce computational time, we calibrated the VIC land surface model for a subset of the grid cells and then interpolated the parameters to the uncalibrated grid cells. In the continental United States, the “observation” to which we calibrated was the monthly runoff ratio, calculated for 1130 small basins throughout the country and interpolated to those grid cells that did not fall within a small gauged basin. The results demonstrated that this approach is sufficiently accurate and computationally efficient for large-scale applications. We examined the effect of model spatial and temporal resolutions on calibrated parameter sets to evaluate if one could calibrate at coarser resolutions and apply these parameter sets to finer resolutions, reducing computational time. Results indicated that calibrating at different temporal resolutions causes minimal changes in modeled runoff while transferring parameter sets across spatial resolutions can cause significant changes in model performance.
Electronic cleansing in CT colonography: past, present, and future

Fecal tagging is a means of ‘marking' fecal residues (stool and fluid) in a colon by use of the oral administration of a positive contrast agent (barium or iodine) in CT Colonography (CTC). Electronic cleansing (EC) is an emerging technique for removal of tagged fecal materials in fecal tagging CTC images after the image acquisition, and thus to avoid the physical bowel cleansing prior to CT scanning. In this syllabus, we present a brief overview about the past, present, and the future developments of EC technology in fecal tagging CTC.
An Empirical Multi-Output Production Decision Model for the Profit Maximizing Multiproduct Firm

Empirical estimation of a theoretical multi-output production model that uses multiple inputs is difficult because of the complexities of its functional form. By using proper parameterization to linearize theoretical model’s functional form, this paper develops an empirical estimation for multi-output production decision using multiple inputs in the profit maximizing firm, namely, multi-output production decision model. The model aligns with the dual approach of cost minimization and revenue maximization for the profit maximizing multi-product firm while keeping jointness in production structurally intact.
Improvement of estimated splice loss accuracy by measuring MFD of spliced fiber

Estimated splice loss accuracy has been improved. The splicer has been improved to measure the mode field diameter (MFD) of the spliced fiber, and estimate the MFD mismatch loss accurately. This improvement is useful for dissimilar fiber splicing.
Synthesis, restriction analysis, and molecular cloning of near full length DNA complementary to bovine parathyroid hormone mRNA

DNA complementary (cDNA) to a partially purified preparation of bovine parathyroid hormone mRNA was synthesized using avian myeloblastosis viral reverse transcriptase. The PTH cDNA contained about 750 bases and was greater than 95% sensitive to digestion by S1 nuclease. Analysis of the mRNA preparation by excess RNA hybridization to the PTH cDNA revealed one rapidly hybridizing component consisting of 50% of the PTH cDNA. Sequential incubation of the PTH mRNA with reverse transcriptase and E. coli DNA polymerase I produced near full length double-stranded PTH cDNA. Of the 22 restriction endonucleases tested, double-stranded PTH cDNA could be cleaved with Alu I, Mbo II, Sau 3A, Sst I, and Taq I. The restriction fragments corresponding to the 5' terminus of the sense strand were identified for the last three enzymes by comparing the size of fragments obtained from PTH cDNA before and after cleavage of the hairpin loop connecting the two strands by S1 nuclease. The restriction map of the cDNA was used to detect clones of bacteria containing recombinant plasmids with near full length PTH cDNA inserts.