cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Power of a Standardized Bleeding Score in Diagnosing Pediatric Type 1 Von Willebrand Disease.

Abstract 1293 Poster Board I-315 INTRODUCTION Type I von Willebrand disease (VWD) is the most common inherited bleeding disorder. Repetitive testing of von Willebrand factor (VWF) levels is necessary before the diagnosis can be safely ruled out, as VWF levels fluctuate in response to genetic and environmental factors. A predictive bleeding score (BS) could reveal individuals that may benefit from repetitive testing and those for whom repetitive testing is unlikely to be of benefit. While a standardized questionnaire (the Vicenza score) was developed to evaluate hemorrhagic symptoms, it was never prospectively validated for a pediatric population in a tertiary care setting. SUBJECTS The study targeted children, ages 0 to 17 years, referred to the Hemostasis and Thrombosis Center (HTC) of Nationwide Children9s Hospital for a coagulation evaluation as a result of bleeding symptoms, family history of a bleeding disorder and/or abnormal coagulation labs found during pre-operative screening. Children were excluded if they had a previously diagnosed bleeding disorder, if their caregiver did not speak English or if the child did not undergo VWF:Ag and VWF:RCo testing. METHODS Prior to the diagnosis or exclusion of a bleeding disorder in the child, caregivers consented to answer the questionnaire over the telephone. Descriptions of the Vicenza score are available online (http://www.euvwd.group.shef.ac.uk/bleed_score.htm). LABORATORY TESTING A single VWF:Ag or VWF:RCo RESULTS A total of 104 children (52 females and 52 males) with a mean age of 7.53 years (range 1 month to 17 years) were included. At least one hemorrhagic symptom was present in 99 of the 104 children (95%) with the mean number of symptoms being 2.87 (range 0 to 7). The mean Vicenza score was 3.24 (range -1 to 13). Of the 104 children, 8 met criteria for “Definite Type 1 VWD,” 23 met criteria for “Low VWF,” 14 were diagnosed with a “Platelet Function Defect,” and 2 children had bleeding secondary to Ehlers Danlos syndrome. Children with non-bleeding disorders (e.g. Factor XII deficiency) or no laboratory evidence of a bleeding disorder were classified as “No Bleeding Disorder.” In general, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), negative predictive value (NPV) and positive diagnostic likelihood ratio of the bleeding questionnaire demonstrated poor predictive value in our patient population with the exception of high specificity in ruling out “Definite Type 1 VWD” (Table). The NPV was comparably high with both qualitative (>2 bleeding symptoms) and quantitative (BS ≥2) criteria. CONCLUSIONS The Vicenza score, previously validated in adults and in a pediatric primary care setting, appears to have limited predictive value in a pediatric tertiary care setting when evaluating patients with platelet function defects or low VWF levels. While the Vicenza score has a high NPV to exclude “Definite Type 1 VWD,” the use of simpler qualitative criteria is similarly predictive. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Institutional and Ethnic Variations in Postgraduate Enrollment and Completion

Using the B&B:93/03 longitudinal cohort survey, we investigate (1) whether and how much variations in the timing of enrollment, the type of undergraduate institution attended, and type of graduate program pursued contribute to observed racial and ethnic differentials in post-baccalaureate enrollment, and (2) whether the observed enrollment differentials carry over to degree attainment. Dynamic event history methods that account both for the timing of matriculation and the hazard of enrolling reveal that compared to whites underrepresented minorities enroll earlier and also are more likely to enroll in doctoral and advanced professional degree programs relative to nonenrollment. Our results reveal sizable differences in the cumulative probability of advanced degree attainment according to undergraduate institutional mission, with graduates from research institutions enjoying a decided advantage over liberal arts college graduates. The conclusion discusses limitations of the analysis, directions for further research, and implications for strengthening the minority pipeline to graduate school.
Chapter 43 Rethinking Your Purification Procedure

Publisher Summary This chapter introduces the protein purification procedures. During the course of purification, it is important to learn about the stability of the protein under a variety of conditions, as well as about its size, charge, and, perhaps, its affinity properties. It will aid to decide whether the protein is to be concentrated, diluted, dialyzed, or exposed to a variety of agents. The sequence information obtained from the purified protein allow to identify the gene encoding it, opening up the possibility of overexpression and the generation of mutants for physiological and mechanistic studies. All of this information can be of great help in deciding whether an optimal purification scheme has been developed. The chapter presents some questionnaires that can help to consider the best protein purification method.
Cognitive and emotional factors associated with elective breast augmentation among young women

The purpose of this research was to propose and evaluate a psychosocial model of young women's intentions to obtain breast implants and the preparatory steps taken towards having breast implant surgery. The model integrated anticipated regret, descriptive norms and image norms from the media into the theory of planned behaviour (TPB). Focus groups (n = 58) informed development of measures of outcome expectancies, preparatory steps and normative influence. The model was tested and replicated among two samples of young women who had ever considered getting breast implants (n = 200, n = 152). Intentions and preparatory steps served as outcomes. Model constructs and outcomes were initially assessed; outcomes were re-assessed 11 weeks later. Evaluative attitudes and anticipated regret predicted intentions; in turn, intentions, along with descriptive norms, predicted subsequent preparatory steps. Perceived risk (susceptibility, severity) of negative medical consequences of breast implants predicted anticipated ...
On Your Mark, Get Set, Scale?

The first time I entered a triathlon, in 1991, I ended up losing my way during the opening swim, crossing the rope in the lake that divided outgoing from incoming swimmers, and actually swimming head-on into the top swimmers, who were finishing their lap and returning to shore as I was very slowly trying to make my way away from the starting point. I was so humiliated that I quit the race. A year later, I entered the same race and didn’t get lost at the swim start—but I had an enormous panic attack and quit the swim after two minutes. I did the biking and running part anyway, but couldn’t consider myself an official finisher. These were short triathlons (half-mile swim, 15-mile bike, 5K run), and I thought I could handle them based on my background as a 10K and half-marathon runner, but I was wrong.
Hiding hunger: food insecurity in middle America

This is a community based research project using a case study of 20 people living in middle America who are food insecure, but do not use food pantries. The participants’ rate of actual hunger is twice that of food insecure community members who use food pantries. Since most of the participants are not poor, the Asset Vulnerability Framework (AVF) is used to classify causes of food insecurity. The purpose of the study is to identify why participants are food insecure and why they do not use food pantries. Findings reveal that the participants restrict the quality and quantity of food eaten as a strategy to manage their budget. Following AVF, this strategy allows them to offset lower returns to labor assets, cover rising costs of human capital investment, protect their two most important productive assets of housing and transportation, and compensate for household relationships that increase their vulnerability. In addition, food insecurity itself inhibited social capital formation, further increasing vulnerability. The main reasons the participants do not use food pantries is to protect their social capital assets: almost all of the participants hid their hunger from colleagues, friends, relatives, and even the people they lived with. The participants described fear of societal shaming and blaming as motivations for hiding their hunger. However, using food pantries could reduce their food insecurity. Therefore, there was a feedback loop between food insecurity and social capital: food insecurity reduced social capital and efforts to protect social capital prevented participants from improving food security by using food pantries.
Modeling of Aircraft Measurements of Ice Crystal Concentration in the Arctic and a Parameterization for Mixed-Phase Cloud

AbstractIn this study, two parameterizations of ice nucleation rate on dust particles are used in a parcel model to simulate aircraft measurements of ice crystal number concentration Ni in the Arctic. The parcel model has detailed microphysics for droplet and ice nucleation, growth, and evaporation with prescribed vertical air velocities. Three dynamic regimes are considered, including large-scale ascent, cloud-top generating cells, and their combination. With observed meteorological conditions and aerosol concentrations, the parcel model predicts the number concentrations of size-resolved ice crystals, which may be compared to aircraft measurements. Model results show rapid changes with height/time in relative humidity, Ni, and thermodynamic phase partitioning, which is not resolved in current climate and weather forecasting models. Parameterizations for ice number and nucleation rate in mixed-phase stratus clouds are thus developed based on the parcel model results to represent the time-integrated effec...
Safe From Harm? Youth Self-Report of Physical Assault in Child Welfare Placements

Although most child welfare placements receive a rigorous assessment and ongoing safety monitoring, it is still unclear which is safest in terms of physical abuse. Our goals for this study were to ...
Hospital Teaching Status and Medicare Expenditures for Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery

The association of hospital teaching status and overall expenditures has not been studied among patients undergoing hepato-pancreato-biliary (HPB) surgery. We sought to define the impact of hospital teaching intensity on payments and charges associated with (HPB) surgery from the payer perspective. Surgical patients undergoing HPB procedures were identified using 2013–2015 Medicare Provider Analysis and Review (MEDPAR) data. Hospital teaching intensity was categorized based on hospital resident-to-bed ratio: non-teaching (NTH: 0), minor teaching (minor-TH: 0–0.363), and major teaching (major-TH: > 0.363). Risk-adjusted price-standardized Medicare payments were assessed and compared among HPB surgical patients at NTH versus major-TH. A total of 8863 patients underwent HPB (NTH: n = 1239, 14.0%; minor-TH: n = 3202, 36.1%; major-TH: n = 4422, 49.9%). Patient comorbidities did not vary across hospital according to teaching intensity (p = 0.27). Mean risk-adjusted Medicare payment at a major-TH was $29,541 versus $19,345 at a NTH (Δ-payment: + $10,195; p < 0.001). Differences in Medicare payments associated with hospital teaching status persisted when the risk-adjusted price was standardized to remove social subsidies and regional variation in costs (NTH: $19,760 vs. major-TH: $28,382; Δ-payment: + $8623). Major-TH had higher total charges submitted to Medicare versus NTH (NTH: $100,583 vs. major-TH: $120,498; Δ-charge = + $19,915), including charges for accommodations, laboratory, and blood utilization (all p < 0.05). Compared with NTH, major-TH had lower morbidity (22.6 vs. 19.0%), serious complications (13.0 vs. 10.5%) and 30-day mortality (4.8 vs. 2.3%) (all p < 0.05). Major-TH was associated with higher Medicare expenditures than NTH among HPB surgical patients. These differences were attributable, in part, to higher submitted charges for hospital-based services. While associated with higher payments and charges, TH did have better short-term outcomes compared with NTH.
Estimating the Frequency Response of an Excitation System and Synchronous Generator: Sinusoidal Disturbances Versus Empirical Transfer Function Estimate

It is not uncommon for excitation system commissioning engineers to choose the time-consuming sinusoidal disturbance method when faced with the task of estimating the frequency response from an input of the voltage regulator to an electrical quantity of a synchronous machine. This method consists of exciting the system with a sinusoidal signal, each time with a different frequency, and comparing disturbance against resulting oscillations. Despite being simple to explain, the results of the sinusoidal disturbance method may be inaccurate if noise and low-frequency oscillations are not properly handled. Resonance can even prevent its application. The empirical transfer function estimate (ETFE) method, which is much quicker and demands only a single test, is usually considered difficult to understand and inaccurate by the same commissioning engineers. This paper uses data from the commissioning of four hydropower generators, rated from 45 to 373 MVA, to discuss practical issues concerning the application of the sinusoidal disturbance and ETFE methods. It intends to show that the ETFE is not as complicated as it seems and that its results are remarkably accurate when compared to the sinusoidal disturbance method.
Effect of titania surface species on the chemisorption of CO and H2 on polycrystalline nickel

A submonolayer amount of titanium was deposited and subsequently oxidized in situ on a clean polycrystalline nickel foil in ultrahigh vacuum. Temperature-programmed desorption revealed the activation energy for CO desorption was reduced significantly by the presence of titania surface species. The titania-containing Ni surface showed three binding states for dissociative hydrogen adsorption. Adsorption into the strongest of these three states was an activated process. These results suggest the apparent suppression of CO and H/sub 2/ adsorption typically observed at 300 K for titania-supported group 8 metals may be due to the existence of titania species on the surfaces of the metal particles.
Hate Crimes: Perspectives on Offending and the Law

Crime and violence motivated by hatred and bigotry, what we now refer to as hate or bias crime, is a centuries-old problem. However, a coherent body of law that explicitly punishes this conduct only emerged in the late 20th century. The first hate crime laws were enacted in the early 1980s, and today these laws appear in the criminal codes of 45 states and in federal law. The specific features of hate crime laws differ from state to state, but there is no doubt that hate crime has been firmly institutionalized in American jurisprudence, and it represents a type of behavior that governments seek to curtail and scholars try to understand and predict.
CHAPTER 316 – Unfolded Protein Response: An Intracellular Signaling Pathway Activated by the Accumulation of Unfolded Proteins in the Lumen of the Endoplasmic Reticulum

The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a membranous network extending throughout the cytoplasm of the eukaryotic cell and is contiguous with the nuclear envelope. The ER is the site of cholesterol and steroid biosynthesis, lipid biosynthesis, assembly of core-asparagine linked oligosaccharides, and membrane and secreted protein biosynthesis. Perturbations that alter ER homeostasis disrupt protein folding and lead to the accumulation of unfolded proteins and protein aggregates, which are detrimental to cell survival. These perturbations include disturbances in calcium homeostasis or redox status, an increased demand for chaperone function due to elevated secretory protein synthesis, the expression of mutant, misfolded, or unassembled proteins, and nutrient deprivation. When homeostasis in the ER is altered, signaling pathways are activated to elicit an adaptive response. These pathways are collectively termed the unfolded protein response (UPR). If adaptation is not sufficient, then the cell activates a cell death response. It is important to note that all newly synthesized proteins are produced in an unfolded state. Therefore, high-level expression of wild-type proteins can also activate the UPR. One enigma in cell biology is how the cell chooses between survival and death upon activation of the UPR. This chapter summarizes the diverse mechanisms for UPR signaling.
Operational Considerations for Autonomous Aerial Monitoring

We explore the suitability of the Maximal Distance Discounted & Weighted Revisit Period utility function as a basis for task selection by an autonomous aerial vehicle in the presence of operational factors. The vehicles must persistently visit tasks that are located throughout a broad region. The four operational factors considered are Dubins constraints on vehicle motion, the presence of no-fly zones in the mission area, return to base requirements, and the addition/removal of vehicles and tasks throughout the mission. We show Euclidean distance to be a sufficient basis for estimating travel times so long as the ratio of the vehicle turning radius to the average distance between tasks is less than 0.3. We also develop a means by which the effect of a no-fly zone on the mission can be measured, which we call the Impact Ratio, and begin to characterize when the utility function parameters must be adjusted due to a no-fly zone. Furthermore, we show that the utility function is capable of meeting a required revisit window to a base node by adjusting task weight parameters. Finally, we demonstrate that our utility function automatically adapts to a changing mission environment, whether those changes are planned by operators or the result of unforeseen events.
Conducting Registered Report Research: A Conversation with Matthew McBee and Scott Peters.

The movement toward open-science is multifaceted with the general goal to promote both better scientific practices and greater access to scientific information. One aspect of the open-science frame...
The adaptation of a strap down formulation for processing inertial platform data

An estimator propagation formulation which ultilizes dynamic data (attitude and sensed acceleration information) from a gimballed inertial platform has been developed to aid in the Shuttle post-flight trajectory reconstruction process and aerodynamic coefficient determination studies. Unlike the classical inertial algorithms, this formulation yields a six degree-of-freedom fully coupled state and attitude estimate. Furthermore, this inertial version is shown to be independent of initial unknown platform misalignments. Results obtained using actual Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) data and Aerodynamic Coefficient Identification Package (ACIP) strap down data from Shuttle flights are presented.
Extreme Singular Values of Random Time-Frequency Structured Matrices

In this paper, we investigate extreme singular values of the analysis matrix of a Gabor frame $(g, \Lambda)$ with a random window $g$. Columns of such matrices are time and frequency shifts of $g$, and $\Lambda\subset \mathbb{Z}_M\times\mathbb{Z}_M$ is the set of time-frequency shift indices. Our aim is to obtain bounds on the singular values of such random time-frequency structured matrices for various choices of the frame set $\Lambda$, and to investigate their dependence on the structure of $\Lambda$, as well as on its cardinality. We also compare the results obtained for Gabor frame analysis matrices with the respective results for matrices with independent identically distributed entries.
Side-Chain Protonation States of a Fluorescent Arginine

An arginine derivative with a fluorescent side-chain, Boc-Arg(Nap)-OH, was prepared by palladium(0)-catalyzed coupling of Boc-Arg-OH with a 4-bromonaphthalimide. The presence of the fluorophore lowers the pKa of the side-chain guanidinium group by several orders of magnitude, to 9.0 (±0.1), allowing the derivative to access an electrically neutral protonation state that is not generally available to arginine itself. Computational modeling (DFT) predicts that protonation takes place at the side-chain C═N atom that bears the fluorophore. Calculated electronic absorptions for the protonated (356 nm) and neutral species (440 nm) are in good agreement with experiment. When irradiated with light, excited-state proton transfer (ESPT) occurs from cationic side-chains to suitably basic solvents, resulting in fluorescence emission from the neutral species. Arg(Nap) can be incorporated into peptides with sterically accessible N-termini using specially adapted conditions of solid-phase peptide synthesis.
Bronchial artery laceration and haemothorax complicating transbronchial needle aspiration

A 74-year-old woman presented with chest pain and dyspnoea following endobronchial ultrasound (EBUS)-guided transbronchial needle aspiration (TBNA) for presumed malignancy. Computed tomography angiography revealed a left-sided pleural effusion with hypertrophied and tortuous bronchial arteries (BAs) with contrast blush into the left lung hilum. Tube thoracostomy and pleural fluid analysis confirmed the diagnosis of haemothorax. The mechanism of injury was determined to be BA laceration during EBUS-TBNA and drainage led to rapid improvement in the patient's symptoms. This is the first reported case of haemothorax due to BA injury during EBUS-TBNA.
Mediating Islamic State| Islamic State and Women: A Biopolitical Analysis

Based on Islamic State (IS)’s own writings and images, this article seeks to understand the type of power wielded by IS. Focusing on IS’s views and treatment of women, we conduct a textual analysis of IS’s online English-language magazine Dabiq . Interpreting our findings through a theoretical framework combining the work of Michel Foucault, Giorgio Agamben, and Achille Mbembe on biopolitics and necropolitics, we theorize IS’s gendered biopolitical power. IS is obsessed with microregulating all aspects of Sunni Muslim women’s lives, imposing a strict dress code and a regime of gender segregation and ensuring women’s subjugation to men in the private and public domains. However, for non-Muslim Yazidi women, IS’s sovereign power manifests itself in the subjection of captured Yazidi women to a “state of exception,” reducing their lives to its bare biological minimum. Our comparative analysis of IS’s treatment of Sunni and Yazidi women enables us to identify shifts and overlaps between biopolitical and necropolitical power.
ASSOCIATION OF CARDIAC RESYNCHRONIZATION THERAPY WITH MORTALITY, DEFIBRILLATION, AND RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE IN PATIENTS WITH LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICES

The association between cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) and outcomes in patients with left ventricular assist device (LVAD) is not well understood. Patients in whom an LVAD (HeartWare or Heartmate II (HMII)) was implanted between January 2008 and April 2017 as a bridge to transplant in the
Asymptotics of Lower Dimensional Zero-Density Regions

Topological data analysis (TDA) allows us to explore the topological features of a dataset. Among topological features, lower dimensional ones have recently drawn the attention of practitioners in mathematics and statistics due to their potential to aid the discovery of low dimensional structure in a data set. However, lower dimensional features are usually challenging to detect from a probabilistic perspective. In this paper, lower dimensional topological features occurring as zero-density regions of density functions are introduced and thoroughly investigated. Specifically, we consider sequences of coverings for the support of a density function in which the coverings are comprised of balls with shrinking radii. We show that, when these coverings satisfy certain sufficient conditions as the sample size goes to infinity, we can detect lower dimensional, zero-density regions with increasingly higher probability while guarding against false detection. We supplement the theoretical developments with the discussion of simulated experiments that elucidate the behavior of the methodology for different choices of the tuning parameters that govern the construction of the covering sequences and characterize the asymptotic results.
Substance Use Disorder and HIV

The link between HIV and substance use is well established. Substance use and substance use disorder are directly and indirectly related to HIV transmission, delayed diagnosis, entry into care, and worse treatment outcomes. Communities of color are disproportionately affected by negative consequences of HIV and substance use due to structural and societal barriers and risk factors. Treatment for substance use and integration of HIV and substance use treatment lead to improved health outcomes.
Abstract 5760: Trends in oral contraceptive and intrauterine device use among reproductive aged women in the US from 1999-2017

Importance: Since the 1960s, an increase in the use of oral contraceptives (OC) and other hormonal contraceptives has mirrored a decreased incidence of ovarian and endometrial cancers in the US. With improved access and increased contraceptive options over time, it is important to follow trends of use and consider how changing patterns can affect gynecologic cancer risks. Objective: To evaluate trends in OC use and intrauterine device (IUD) use among reproductive aged women in the US. Methods: Nationally representative data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, N=19,216) and the National Survey for Family Growth (NSFG, N=26,262) were used to determine current OC and IUD use among reproductive aged women in the US. Women with prior hysterectomy, bilateral oophorectomy or that were post-menopausal were excluded due to ineligibility for standard OCs. Adjusted logistic regression and unadjusted Joinpoint models (to determine inflection points) were used to evaluated trends in contraceptive use between 1999-2017. We used questionnaire data from continuous NHANES and NSFG cycles from 1999/2000 to 2015/16 and 2006/08 to 2015/17, respectively. Within each survey, temporal trends in OC use were assessed overall and by race, age, gravidity, education and BMI. OC formulation/generation were determined from current prescriptions in NHANES. Trends in IUD use were evaluated in NSFG. Results: Since 1999, self-reported OC use overall decreased annually by 3% in NHANES [OR 0.97 (95%CI 0.96, 0.99) P=0.001] and 4% in NSFG [0.96 (0.94, 0.97) P Conclusions: IUD use is increasing at a rate faster than that of the decreasing rate of OC use. There is some suggestion that like OC use, IUD use also reduces ovarian and endometrial cancer risks, although associations with hormonal IUDs are less clear. As such, the changing landscape of contraceptive practices in the US may alter future trends in ovarian and endometrial cancers and thus requires further surveillance. Citation Format: Lauren A. King, Kara A. Michels, Barry I. Graubard, Britton Trabert. Trends in oral contraceptive and intrauterine device use among reproductive aged women in the US from 1999-2017 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research 2020; 2020 Apr 27-28 and Jun 22-24. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2020;80(16 Suppl):Abstract nr 5760.
Evaluation of Long Bone Fractures in Infants for Non-Accidental Trauma: An Analysis of Physician Assessment and Documentation at a Tertiary Care Medical Center

Background: Fractures are the second most common infant and toddler injury resulting from child abuse. Yet fractures are not always evaluated for possible non-accidental trauma often due to the lack of recognition and incomplete work-up by the evaluating physician. When non-accidental injuries are missed it can result in more serious or fatal injury. In this study, we aim to determine how well a tertiary center follows the clinical guidelines in evaluating infants with long bone fractures established by the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP). …
Sexual excitation and sex-linked substance use predict overall cannabis use in mostly heterosexual and bisexual women.

Background: Bisexual and mostly heterosexual women report higher substance use than exclusively heterosexual or lesbian women. In sexual minority men, sex-linked substance use (SLSU) can increase r...
World on Fire: How Exporting Free Market Democracy Breeds Ethnic Hatred and Global Instability

Amy Chua's remarkable and provocative book explores the tensions of the post-Cold War globalising world. As global markets open, ethnic conflict worsens and democracy in developing nations can turn ugly and violent. Chua shows how free markets have concentrated disproportionate, often spectacular wealth in the hands of resented ethnic minorities - 'market-dominant minorities'. Adding democracy to this volatile mix can unleash suppressed ethnic hatred and bring to power 'ethno-nationalist' governments that pursue aggressive policies of confiscation and revenge. Chua also shows how individual countries may be viewed as market-dominant minorities, a fact that could help to explain the rising tide of anti-American sentiment around the world and the visceral hatred of Americans expressed in recent acts of terrorism. Chua is not an anti-globalist. But in this must-read bestselling book she presciently warns that, far from making the world a better and safer place, democracy and capitalism - at least in the raw, unrestrained form in which they are currently being exported - are intensifying ethnic resentment and global violence, with potentially catastrophic results.
Incorporation of [14C] glucosamine and [14C] leucine into mouse kidney beta-glucuronidase induced by gonadotrophin.

Male BALB/C mice were injected intraperitoneally with 2.5 i.u. of gonadotrophin. After the injection, increase of beta-glucuronidase activity was first observed in the microsomal fraction. By 36h 45-50% of the total homogenate activity was found in the microsomal fraction compared with 20-25% in the control microsomal fraction. From 36 to 80h not only microsomal beta-glucuronidase but also lysosomal beta-glucuronidase increased progressively. After 69h stimulation with 2.5 i.u. of gonadotrophin, d-[1-(14)C]glucosamine or l-[U-(14)C]leucine was injected intraperitoneally. After a further 3h the kidneys were homogenized and five particulate fractions were prepared by differential centrifugation. The beta-glucuronidase in the microsomal and lysosomal fractions was released respectively by ultrasonication and by freezing and thawing treatment. The enzyme was purified by organic-solvent precipitation and by sucrose-density-gradient centrifugation. The results demonstrated the incorporation of these two labels into the mouse renal beta-glucuronidase. The microsomal beta-glucuronidase was much more radioactive than the lysosomal enzyme and approx. 80% of the newly synthesized enzyme appeared in microsomes and approx. 20% of that was found in lysosomes at this period. These results suggest that the mouse renal beta-glucuronidase is a glycoprotein and that the newly synthesized enzyme is transported from endoplasmic reticulum to lysosomes.
Magnetostructural transition in Gd5Sb0.5Ge3.5

Magnetic and crystallographic properties of ${\text{Gd}}_{5}{\text{Sb}}_{0.5}{\text{Ge}}_{3.5}$ were investigated using dc magnetization, ac magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity of an oriented single crystal, combined with temperature and magnetic field dependent x-ray powder diffraction. The compound undergoes an unusual magnetostructural transition at 40 K and a nonmagnetic second-order transition around 63 K. The detailed crystallographic study of ${\text{Gd}}_{5}{\text{Sb}}_{0.5}{\text{Ge}}_{3.5}$ shows that contrary to the ${R}_{5}{({\text{Si}}_{x}{\text{Ge}}_{1\ensuremath{-}x})}_{4}$ systems ($R$ is a rare-earth metal), the structural transition occurs without shear displacements of the $_{\ensuremath{\infty}}^{2}[{R}_{5}{T}_{4}]$ slabs ($T=\text{Si}$, Ge, and Sb), and a substantial volume change $(\ensuremath{-}0.5%)$ does not lead to a change in crystallographic symmetry. The first-principles electronic structure calculations show higher interslab than intraslab ferromagnetic exchange interaction indicating that ${\text{Sm}}_{5}{\text{Ge}}_{4}$ type of structure supports a ferromagnetic ground state in ${\text{Gd}}_{5}{\text{Sb}}_{0.5}{\text{Ge}}_{3.5}$.
A stochastic return map for stochastic differential equations

A method is presented for constructing a stochastic return map from a stochastic differential equation containing a locally stable limit cycle and small-amplitude [O(e)] additive Gaussian colored noise. The construction is valid provided the correlation time isO(e) orO(1). The effective noise in the return map has nonzeroO(e 2) mean and is state dependent. The method is applied to a model dynamical system, illustrating how the effective noise in the return map depends on both the original noise process and the local deterministic dynamics.
Relationship Between Attitudes Toward Feminism and Levels of Dogmatism, Achievement, and Anxiety

More than 1,500 American women from a wide range of age, socioeconomic, and educational backgrounds were administered measures of dogmatism, anxiety, achievement, and feminism. One hundred nine Ss who scored above the 75 percentile on the Attitudes Toward Women Scale (high supporters of the feminist movement) were matched with 109 Ss who scored below the 25 percentile on the Scale (low supporters of feminism). Statistical analyses showed that women who strongly supported women's equality were (a) less close-minded; (b) more goal oriented toward nontraditional roles (vocational, educational, etc.); and (c) no different from the low supporter group in anxiety level or ego strength on four out of five dimensions. These results support the notion that feminist supporters as a group are as well adjusted as their nonfeminist counterparts on these specific traits.
PTP1B: A molecular mediator of leptin resistance.

Leptin acts in the brain to suppress food intake and body adiposity, but in most cases obesity is associated with a resistance to leptin action. Protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) dephosphorylates key components of the leptin receptor signaling cascade, and represents a molecular mediator of leptin resistance. Our recent work demonstrates that hypothalamic PTP1B levels are elevated in a model of aging-induced leptin resistance, and that acute inhibition of PTP1B improves hypothalamic leptin sensitivity in this setting. We therefore tested whether hypothalamic PTP1B is increased in diet-induced obesity, another model of leptin resistance. Twenty-eight days of high-fat (HF) feeding increased body weight and fat pad weights (P
Contrast medium-related artifacts observed during in vitro radiographic characterization of urocystolith mineral composition.

Nine pure mineral types of canine uroliths (bladder or urethral origin only) were exposed to sequential increasing concentrations of iodinated, radiographic contrast medium in petri dishes. The uroliths studied were those composed of 100% magnesium ammonium phosphate, calcium oxalate monohydrate, calcium oxalate dihydrate, calcium phosphate appatite, and calcium hydrogen phosphate dihydrate (Brushite), ammonium acid urate, sodium acid urate, cystine, and silica. Two phenomena were observed. First, there was a tendency for selected urocystoliths to undergo radiopacity augmentation beyond that expected for just contrast medium superimposition. This was termed, contrast medium adhesion, which persisted despite repeated washing of the urocystoliths. Second, there was a tendency for bubbles to form on or near selected urocystolith chemical types. These observations prompted careful scrutiny for their occurrence in subsequent clinical simulation of radiographic procedures using these same urocystoliths in a urinary bladder phantom. Imaging techniques simulated were survey radiography, pneumocystography, double contrast cystography (two iodine concentrations). The contrast medium adhesion occurrence found in the petri dish studies was compared to urocystolith mineral type. Similar comparisons were made for contrast medium adhesion occurrence in the bladder phan tom. The detection of contrast medium adhesion in the bladder phantom differed from that observedin the petri dish experiments. While contrast adhesion occurred across a fairly broad range of the urocystolith mineral types in the petri dish studies, it was observed primarily for sodium acid urate and cystine urocystoliths in the bladder phantom. Prompted by the observation of bubbles in association with a limited number of urocystolith types in the petri dish studies, bubble occurrence in the bladder phantom was compared to the urocystolith type. Bubble formation on or near the urocystoliths, although uncommonly observed, was seen only with either cystine or silica urocystoliths. The potential clinical utility and clinical caveat aspects of these phenomena are discussed.
Ultrastructural analysis of cell component distribution in the apical cell of Ceratodon protonemata.

A distinctive feature of tip-growing plant cells is that cell components are distributed differentially along the length of the cell, although most ultrastructural analyses have been qualitative. The longitudinal distribution of cell components was studied both qualitatively and quantitatively in the apical cell of dark-grown protonemata of the mossCeratodon. The first 35 μm of the apical cell was analyzed stereologically using transmission electron microscopy. There were four types of distributions along the cell's axis, three of them differential: (1) tubular endoplasmic reticulum was evenly distributed, (2) cisternal endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi vesicles were distributed in a tip-to-base gradient, (3) plastids, vacuoles, and Golgi stacks were enriched in specific areas, although the locations of the enrichments varied, and (4) mitochondria were excluded in the tipmost 5 μm and evenly distributed throughout the remaining 30 μm. This study provides one of the most comprehensive quantitative, ultrastructural analyses of the distribution of cell components in the apex of any tip-growing plant cell. The finding that almost every component had its own spatial arrangement demonstrates the complexity of the organization and regulation of the distribution of components in tip-growing cells.
KSHV and the pathogenesis of Kaposi sarcoma: listening to human biology and medicine

The linkage of Kaposi sarcoma (KS) to infection by a novel human herpesvirus (Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus [KSHV]) is one of the great successes of contemporary biomedical research and was achieved by using advanced genomic technologies in a manner informed by a nuanced understanding of epidemiology and clinical investigation. Ongoing efforts to understand the molecular mechanisms by which KSHV infection predisposes to KS continue to be powerfully influenced by insights emanating from the clinic. Here, recent developments in KS pathogenesis are reviewed, with particular emphasis on clinical, pathologic, and molecular observations that highlight the many differences between this process and tumorigenesis by other oncogenic viruses.
The causes of Iran's backwardness

Zibakalam, Sadeq. Ma cheguneh ma shodim? risheyabi-e ‘elal-e’ ‘aqabmandegi dar Iran. 2d ed. (Tehran: Rowzaneh, 1996). 446 pages.
Simultaneous Determination of Skeletal Model Parameter Values, Motions, and Controls From Noisy Measurement Data

Accurate model parameter value and motion determination is important for obtaining reliable results from inverse dynamics analyses of gait. If the model parameters do not properly match their true values, the predicted motions and loads may lose their clinical significance [1]. Typical approaches to biomechanical model parameter estimation have included the use of scaling rules based on cadaver studies [2] and the use of multi-level optimization routines [3,4]. However, scaling rules do not provide optimal parameter estimates, and multi-level optimization techniques are computationally expensive.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Rate constants and branching ratios for the reactions of various positive ions with naphthalene from 300 to 1400 K

Abstract Temperature dependent rate constants and branching ratios are reported for the reactions of a variety of ions with recombination energies ranging from 9.26 eV (NO + ) to 21.56 eV (Ne + ) with naphthalene. For most ions, the measurements are made between 300 and 370 K in a variable temperature-selected ion flow tube (VT-SIFT). For the reactions of Ar + and N 2 + , data have also been measured between 300 and 500 K in the selected ion flow tube. In addition, for the reactions of O 2 + and N 2 + , data have been obtained between 500 and 1400 K in a high temperature flowing afterglow (HTFA). These are among the first determinations of branching ratios for ion–molecule reactions measured over 700 K. All reactions are found to proceed at the Langevin collision rate for all temperatures studied. The reactions proceed by nondissociative and dissociative charge transfer except for the reaction involving F + where some of the reactivity is attributed to chemical channels. No dissociative charge transfer is observed for ions with recombination energies equal to or less than that for N 2 + at room temperature. At higher temperatures in the N 2 + reaction and for ions with higher recombination energies (F + , Ne + ), naphthalene cation dissociation is observed, implying a threshold over 16 eV. This value is substantially higher than the known thermodynamic threshold because of kinetic shifts and quenching of the excited state of C 10 H 8 + by collisions with the helium buffer gas. The observed product thresholds and branching ratios are presented within the context of previous work and the implications for combustion chemistry are discussed.
Oil-assisted agglomeration for toner deinking: Population balance model and experiments

This study examines the selective agglomeration of hydrophobic toner particles from a repulped paper fiber slurry by adding an immiscible oil that preferentially wets the toner particles. Effects of cationic starch additives, agitation rate, time, temperature and oil composition are examined experimentally in terms of the dynamic and steady-state evolution of the particle-size distribution produced. A simple, but effective, population balance model is solved numerically to simulate the agglomeration process and provides quantitative relationships between process variables and the effectiveness and rate of agglomeration. These relations are simple and clear. The process is shown to be controlled by the composite effect of the aforementioned variables on the aggregation and breakup rates, and the observed hehavior is understood in these terms. Practical recommendations for agglomeration, a process potentially useful for deinking toner-printed paper, are deduced from the results.
Tests of Purchasing Power Parity via cointegration analysis of heterogeneous panels with consumer price indices

Abstract There has been significant interest in the empirical performance of the Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) hypothesis. Initial studies were, in general, unfavorable for PPP. These results led researchers into two directions. One branch of the literature employed price data for a limited range or goods (e.g., fruits or clothing). A second branch has reevaluated the performance of PPP with more powerful methods. In this paper we combine these two branches of the literature. We use consumer price sub-indices data and recently developed panel cointegration techniques to test weak PPP. Our results are suggestive that the failure of PPP can be attributed to inclusion of non-traded goods in the overall index.
Advances in group-based trajectory modeling and an SAS procedure for estimating them.

This article is a follow-up to Jones, Nagin, and Roeder (2001), which described an SAS procedure for estimating group-based trajectory models. Group-based trajectory is a specialized application of finite mixture modeling and is designed to identify clusters of individuals following similar progressions of some behavior or outcome over age or time. This article has two purposes. One is to summarize extensions of the methodology and of the SAS procedure that have been developed since Jones et al. The other is to illustrate how group-based trajectory modeling lends itself to presentation of findings in the form of easily understood graphical and tabular data summaries.
Complete 13C and 1H NMR assignments for a series of aromatic C-ring derivatives of dehydroabietic acid

Complete 13C and 1H NMR spectral assignments for a series of derivatives of the naturally occurring C-ring aromatic diterpene resin acid dehydroabietic acid have been made. The use of a combination of 1D and 2D NMR techniques allowed mostly unambiguous assignments of all 13C resonances. 1H resonances were also assigned.
Separation of egg yolk proteins and lipids with carboxymethyl cellulose

A process was developed to separate proteins and lipids from egg yolk using carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) solutions with the intent of maintaining the pro teins near tneir native state. the process produced pure globulins (γ-livetins), concentrated total lipids present in yolk plasma into a semi-solid fraction, and yielded a subnatant containing about 68% proteins with a yield of 111 mg/g egg yolk. the method required no pH adjustment and took less centrijugation time as compared to other methods for egg yolk globulin separation. Total lipids of yolk plasma were recovered from the supernatant fraction by hexane-isopropanol (HIP) extraction. the protein residue obtained after HIP extraction of fresh egg yolk retained all the natural proteins of the yolk.
Application of carbon-powder-polymer composite as a continuous crack-length sensor

This paper explores the application of carbon-powder-impregnated polymeric composites for measuring crack extensions. The strain sensitivity of the gage material is shown to be very small. In the first series of tests, the gage material is characterized by measuring the change in electrical resistance due to machined slits for various gage lengths. The measured responses is compared with the response predicted from a very simple electrical model. On the basis of good correlation and repeatability, the usefulness of such gages to measure crack extensions is assessed by a second series of tests. Further work to improve the gage response by optimizing the shape of the gage and making the gage and the adhesive layer thinner is proposed. The presented concept, with improvements, can result in a reliable, inexpensive crack gage requiring inexpensive instrumentation.
Complex movements evoked by microstimulation of precentral cortex

Electrical microstimulation was used to study primary motor and premotor cortex in monkeys. Each stimulation train was 500 ms in duration, approximating the time scale of normal reaching and grasping movements and the time scale of the neuronal activity that normally accompanies movement. This stimulation on a behaviorally relevant time scale evoked coordinated, complex postures that involved many joints. For example, stimulation of one site caused the mouth to open and also caused the hand to shape into a grip posture and move to the mouth. Stimulation of this site always drove the joints toward this final posture, regardless of the direction of movement required to reach the posture. Stimulation of other cortical sites evoked different postures. Postures that involved the arm were arranged across cortex to form a map of hand positions around the body. This stimulation-evoked map encompassed both primary motor and the adjacent premotor cortex. We suggest that these regions fit together into a single map of the workspace around the body.
The ordering of the zero field triplet spin sublevels in the chlorophylls. A magnetophotoselection study

Abstract The ordering of the zero field triplet spin sublevels in several monomeric chlrophylls has been determined by magneto- photoselection techniques. For all the chlorophylls which we have examined D > 0. The sign of E changes for the chlorophylls with a chlorin ring structure (i.e. chlorophyll a and related molecules) compared to those with a tetrahydroporphin ring structure (i.e., bacteriochlorophyll a and related molecules).