cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of Sulphuric Acid and Acidifying Ammonium Deposition on Water Quality and Vegetation of Simulated Soft Water Ecosystems

In a greenhouse, seven identical mini-ecosystems, simulating soft water ponds, were exposed to different types of artificial rain water. The effects of rain water containing H2SO4 and nitrate, and rain water containing ammonium sulphate on water quality and vegetation were studied and compared. Causal relations were established between rain water quality, water chemistry and changes in floristic composition. Ammonium sulphate deposition, particularly, strongly affected water quality and vegetation development. Although ammonium sulphate deposition was only slightly acid, due to nitrification it acted as an important acid source, causing acidification to pH=3.8. Under acidified conditions, ammonium sulphate deposition lead to a luxuriant growth of Juncus bulbosus and Agrostis canina. In the mini-ecosystems, H2SO4 deposition with a pH of 3.5 only decreased the pH of the water to 5.1 within 1 yr. The acidification of water appeared to be coupled with changes in alkalinity, sulphate, Al, Cd, Ca, Mg, K and inorganic-N. It is concluded that in NH3-affected regions in The Netherlands, the high atmospheric deposition of ammonium sulphate probably contributes to a large extent in the acidification, eutrophication and floristic changes of oligotrophic soft waters.
Images of Sport in Popular Nonsport Magazines: Power and Performance versus Pleasure and Participation:

This research aims to analyze the relationship between sport and the gender order in society by focusing on sport-related images (N = 312) found in popular nonsport men's and women's magazines (N =...
2. Preliminary findings from a pilot study on the effects of interferon-α treatment on human papillomavirus infection in HIV and hepatitis C virus co-infected men

Background Human papillomavirus (HPV) has been aetiologically linked with several different cancers. A'few older studies have evaluated the effects of interferon-α (IFN-α) treatment on HPV infection and HPV-related dysplasia. However, findings from these studies may not be generalisable to the more recent formulations of IFN-α used to treat hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Methods: The purpose of this small pilot study was to assess whether treatment for HCV, by pegylated rather than standard IFN-α, was associated with presence or distribution of the types of HPV found in the oral, penile, and anal regions of HIV and HCV co-infected men. Participants completed a validated risk factor questionnaire. The prevalence and types of HPV present in the anal, penile, and oral swabs were determined using the Roche HPV Linear Array (Roche Molecular Systems), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Results: A total of 33 men were enrolled in this pilot study. Of these, 10 were in the IFN-α-exposed group and 23 were in the IFN-α-naive comparison group. The IFN-α-naive group had a higher average number of different HPV types present in penile and oral swabs, but not in anal swabs, compared with the treated group. Conclusions: The results of this small pilot study are preliminary. However, our findings have provided some rationale for continuing to explore whether pegylated IFN-α may be a useful adjuvant therapy, or whether it could be combined with other treatment modalities for controlling HPV infection/disease, specifically of the penis or oral mucosa, among high-risk populations.
Cognitive impairment in elderly patients with schizophrenia: Age related changes

Cognitive impairment in schizophrenia is a major feature of the illness. Like many of the other aspects of the illness, however, it has not been studied extensively in older patients. Several studies of older patients with a lifetime course of poor outcome and chronic institutional stay have indicated that some patients manifest evidence of profound cognitive impairments on a cross-sectional basis and cognitive and functional decline over longitudinal follow-ups of 30 months or longer. Risk factors for this decline include lower educational attainment and more severe positive symptoms, but do not include more severe symptoms of physical illness. These impairments have been shown to be discriminable from normal age-related changes and from the changes associated with Alzheimer's Disease. In contrast, studies of patients with no history of lifetime institutional stay find no such evidence of either age-related changes in cognitive functioning or longitudinal decline in cognitive or functional status. Since there is accumulating evidence of progressive brain changes over the lifespan in patients with schizophrenia, the course of cognitive deficits in later life will remain an important topic, both for understanding the lifetime course of schizophrenia and for developing interventions aimed at reduction of disability in the illness.
Far-Infrared Absorption in Ultrafine Al Particles

It is shown that the strong far-infrared absorption in small Al particles, recently observed by Granqvist et al., may be explained as arising from the dielectric losses in the amorphous oxide layers covering the particles. Aggregation of particles into clusters is found essential in order to produce the observed dependence of absorptivity on particle size. The propsed mechanism provides a simple understanding of the absence of any superconducting ordering effects in the absorption.
Shared Leadership as an Outcome of Team Processes: A Case Study

This study examines the dynamics of collaborative work that promote leadership as an outcome of team processes. Through an in-depth exploration of a community college that developed an organizational model of shared leadership over a period of seven months, this study aims to contribute to our qualitative understanding of how a vision of shared leadership takes shape amongst the members of an academic organization, and what conditions make this development possible. A diverse team representative of the college’s community constructed a vision of shared leadership through interrelated processes that allowed them to collect, synthesize, transform, and internalize knowledge of themselves, the institution, and leadership and to develop a model of shared decision-making for their college. The model itself emerged as the outcome of their collaboration. A set of conditions made this possible including shared commitment to the organization’s core values, coordinated teamwork and teambuilding processes, empowermen...
RNA-binding proteins as regulators of gene expression

A plethora of post-transcriptional mechanisms are involved in essential steps in the pathway of genetic information expression in eukaryotes. These processes are specified by cis-acting signals on RNAs and are mediated by specific trans-acting factors, including RNA-binding proteins and small complementary RNAs. Recent information has begun to define the molecular mechanisms by which RNA-binding proteins recognize specific RNA sequences and influence the processing and function of RNA molecules.
U.S. DOE integrated collaborative technology development program for CO2 separation and capture

Electric power generation represents one of the largest carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) emitters in the United States. Roughly one-third of all the United States' carbon emissions come from power plants. Since electricity generation is expected to grow, and fossil fuels will continue to be the dominant fuel source, power generation can be expected to provide even greater CO 2 contributions in the future. Consequently, an important component of the United States Department of Energy's (DOE's) research and development program is dedicated to reducing CO 2 emissions from power plants by developing technologies to capture CO 2 for utilization and/or sequestration. A primary goal of this research is to develop technology options that dramatically lower the cost of eliminating CO 2 from flue gas and other streams by use of either pre- or post-combustion processes. This research is in its early stages, and is exploring a wide range of approaches, including membranes, improved CO 2 sorbents, advanced scrubbing, oxyfuel combustors, formation of CO 2 hydrates, and economic assessments. This paper presents an overview of the DOE research program in the area of CO 2 separation and capture, while specifically addressing the status of research efforts related to promising pathways and potential technological breakthroughs.
Differential Encoding for Multiple Amplitude and Phase Shift Keying Systems

Because of the symmetry in most two-dimensional signal constellations, ambiguities exist at the receiver as to the exact phase orientation of the received signal set. In PSK systems, this ambiguity is resolved by the use of differential encoding. This paper presents differential encoding techniques which can be used with a variety of symmetric signal sets to remove their phase ambiguity. While not proven to be optimum, the techniques do have low performance penalties relative to the uncoded performance. The key to reducing the performance penalty is to use the minimum amount of differential encoding necessary to resolve the ambiguity. Examples of encoding techniques for several common signal constellations are given, including their performance penalties.
QUESTIONING MANDATORY SENTENCING EFFICIENCY: A Case Study of Persistent Felony Offender Rapists in Kentucky

This policy analysis explores the incapacitative efficiency of Kentucky’s career criminal statute in averting the recidivism of offenders convicted of rape. The study utilizes a 1985 cohort of Kentucky persistent felony offenders with at least one rape conviction (n = 62) and tracks recidivism rates up to fifteen years later. The results question the efficiency of mandatory sentencing. In general, mandatory minimum sentences (where offenders are not eligible for statutory good time or parole) kept these offenders incarcerated beyond the time necessary to avert future crimes.
Effects of dietary fat on age-dependent sensitivity to mammary carcinogenesis

Abstract Two groups of female Fischer rats were fed either a high-fat, low-carbohydrate (HF) diet or a low-fat, high-carbohydrate (LF) diet throughout the experiments, beginning from weaning. Each group of rats was divided into 4 subgroups and given an i.v. dose (50 mg/kg body wt.) of N -methylnitrosourea (NMU) at 35, 50, 90 or 130 days of age, respectively. Mammary tumor yield showed an age-dependent response in both groups. Although mammary tumor incidence decreased in rats as their age increased, irrespective of whether they were fed a high- or low-fat diet, the tumor incidence was significantly higher in rats fed the high-fat diet at any age. Thus, the combined effect of dietary fat and age-dependent sensitivity on mammary carcinogenesis caused more than a 4-fold difference in mammary tumor incidence rates between the 2 groups of rats.
Natural killer cell receptors: regulating innate immune responses to hematologic malignancy.

Critical to innate immunity, the natural killer (NK) cell performs its function of immunosurveillance through its recognition of altered or missing self on damaged, infected, or transformed malignant cells. NK cell receptors responsible for detection of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I and class I-like proteins on potential target cells transmit inhibitory and activating signals that integrate to determine NK cell function. Advances in the fields of NK cell receptor biology and immunogenetics have enhanced our understanding of NK cell target recognition and may now guide studies to determine NK cell effects in the clinical setting. Analysis of NK cell receptor-ligand relationships, such as the inhibitory killer immunoglobulin-like receptors (KIRs) and their HLA class I ligands, has revealed the potential for NK cell—mediated benefit in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for hematologic malignancies.
Long-term follow-up of children with confirmed newborn screening disorders using record linkage

Background: Long-term follow-up of children identified through newborn screening is a critical process of data collection and analysis for advancing the public health understanding of the health outcomes and service uptake of the affected children. This article describes first steps toward the long-term follow-up of newborn screening children with confirmed disorders through records linkage using population-based administrative data. Methods: The study cohort consisted of children born in 2006–2007 with confirmed disorders identified through newborn screening. Deterministic data linkage methods were used for record matching. Results: The cohort was followed up to 2 years after birth by matching to data sources including vital records, hospital discharges, the Congenital Malformations Registry, and Early Intervention to monitor service utilization, comorbidities, and mortality of the affected children. Of 1215 children with confirmed conditions identified through newborn screening, 25 deaths (2.1%) were identified, 86.1% used hospital (in- or outpatient) services, 36.1% were enrolled in the Congenital Malformations Registry, and 19.9% used the services of the Early Intervention program during the 2-year follow-up period. Conclusions: Long-term follow-up of children with disorders identified through newborn screening can be initiated by using existing administrative data. This method is an inexpensive, cost-effective. and efficient approach for periodical assessment of services utilization, the efficiency of service delivery, and health outcomes for affected individuals.
Observations on Federal energy research and development—December 1974

Abstract Much of our country's present stance in energy R&D is an embodiment of the recommendations presented in the Dixy Lee Ray report, “The Nation's Energy Future” (NEF). Pa Since that report appeared just one year ago, the Energy Research and Development Administration (ERDA) ∥ has been established, and the Project Independence Blueprint (PIB) ††
Adaptive code unloading for resource-constrained JVMs

Compile-only JVMs for resource-constrained embedded systems have the potential for using device resources more efficiently than interpreter-only systems since compilers can produce significantly higher quality code and code can be stored and reused for future invocations. However, this additional storage requirement for reuse of native code bodies, introduces memory overhead not imposed in interpreter-based systems.In this paper, we present a Java Virtual Machine (JVM) extension for adaptive code unloading that significantly reduces the memory requirements imposed by a compile-only JVM. The extension features an unloader that uses execution behavior to adaptively determine when to unload as well as what code to unload. We implement and empirically identify a set of unloading strategies that enable significant code size reduction (43%-61%). This reduction translates into significant execution time benefits for the benchmarks and JVM configurations that we studied. As such, by using adaptive code unloading, we make compile-only JVMs for embedded devices more feasible.
The content and effect of “psyching-up” strategies in weight lifters

An experiment was designed to investigate the nature and impact of cognitive “psyching” strategies employed by competitive weight lifters on an analogue strength task. At an Olympic-style weight-lifting meet, volunteer subjects were randomly assigned to either an experimental or a control group. After baseline assessment of strength, experimental subjects were asked to use their favorite psyching strategy as a means of improving their performance on a final strength test. Control subjects were urged to strive toward improving their performance but were not instructed to psych themselves up. To minimize the effects of spontaneous (unrequested) psyching, control subjects were asked to engage in a distracting cognitive task during the preperformance interval. Results indicated that subjects who had been asked to psych themselves showed greater improvements in strength than did control subjects. Post experimental interviews suggested that four basic psyching strategies had been employed: (1) statements bearing on selfefficacy, (2) control of attention, (3) preparatory arousal, and (4) imagery techniques. Focus of attention was the most popular strategy. Implications of this study are briefly discussed.
MAGNETOHYDROSTATIC EQUILIBRIA OF FERROFLUID DROPS IN EXTERNAL MAGNETIC FIELDS

Equilibrium axisymmetric shapes of sessile drops of ferromagnetic liquid in an imposed magnetic field of up to 200 gauss have been predicted theoretically and measured. The argreement is good when ...
Labeling of a major fibroblast surface protein (Fibronectin) catalyzed by blood coagulation factor XIIIa

Abstract Incubation of cultured human fibroblasts with blood coagulation factor XIIIa (plasma transglutaminase, fibrinoligase) and the fluorescent primary amine, N-(5-aminopentyl)-5-dimethylaminonaphthalene-1-sulfonamide, resulted in fluorescent labeling of three cellular polypeptides. The molecular weights of the labeled polypeptides, estimated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in sodium dodecyl sulfate after reduction, were: >1.2·106, 2.2·105, and 1.3·105. The labeled 2.2·105 dalton polypeptide was susceptible to mild trypsinization and not present in cultures of SV-40 transformed fibroblasts, indicating that it is the subunit of cell-surface fibronectin and identical with the external transformation-sensitive polypeptide of similar molecular weight described by others. Upon coelectrophoresis, the labeled 2.2·105 dalton polypeptide migrated slightly behind the subunit of plasma fibronectin (cold-insoluble globulin), indicating that the immunologically cross-reactive forms of fibronectin in human plasma and cultured human fibroblasts differ slightly in molecular weight. The identities of the labeled >1.2·106 and 1.3·105 dalton polypeptides are not known. The XIIIa-reactive glutamine residues of fibroblast cell-surface proteins are potential sites for intermolecular cross-linking (by e-(γ-glutamyl)lysyl linkages) to other proteins of connective tissue.
The glutathione-dependent indolylpyruvic acid keto-enol tautomerase of rat liver.

Abstract A keto-enol tautomerase of indolylpyruvic acid which specifically requires glutathione as its coenzyme exists in rat liver and not in other rat tissues or in the livers of other species examined. The enzyme was separated from the more widely distributed phenylpyruvic acid keto-enol tautomerase. The latter enzyme has a slight activity on indolylpyruvic acid, but it has no coenzyme requirement. The new enzyme has no obvious physiological function but is useful analytically for the determination of derivatives of indolylpyruvic acid.
Optimal and feedback control for light-based circadian entrainment

With the emergence of solid state lighting, light-based circadian rhythm control is becoming increasingly feasible. In this paper, we use a popular empirical model proposed by Richard Kronauer to study the entrainment with the light intensity as the control input. Given a reference circadian oscillation, we formulate the entrainment problem as a tracking problem: adjusting the light intensity to drive the circadian rhythm to the reference trajectory. We compare four cases: periodic light entrainment, active open loop optimal entrainment (using both the Kronauer model and a first-order approximation of only the phase response), active feedback entrainment, and subtractive feedback entrainment. Results from this study provide new insight and guideline to light intensity control for circadian rhythm regulation.
Heterogeneous recurrence monitoring and control of nonlinear stochastic processes

Recurrence is one of the most common phenomena in natural and engineering systems. Process monitoring of dynamic transitions in nonlinear and nonstationary systems is more concerned with aperiodic recurrences and recurrence variations. However, little has been done to investigate the heterogeneous recurrence variations and link with the objectives of process monitoring and anomaly detection. Notably, nonlinear recurrence methodologies are based on homogeneous recurrences, which treat all recurrence states in the same way as black dots, and non-recurrence is white in recurrence plots. Heterogeneous recurrences are more concerned about the variations of recurrence states in terms of state properties (e.g., values and relative locations) and the evolving dynamics (e.g., sequential state transitions). This paper presents a novel approach of heterogeneous recurrence analysis that utilizes a new fractal representation to delineate heterogeneous recurrence states in multiple scales, including the recurrences of both single states and multi-state sequences. Further, we developed a new set of heterogeneous recurrence quantifiers that are extracted from fractal representation in the transformed space. To that end, we integrated multivariate statistical control charts with heterogeneous recurrence analysis to simultaneously monitor two or more related quantifiers. Experimental results on nonlinear stochastic processes show that the proposed approach not only captures heterogeneous recurrence patterns in the fractal representation but also effectively monitors the changes in the dynamics of a complex system.
Right superior vena cava draining predominantly into the left atrium causing cyanosis in a young child.

During preoperative testing for tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy, an asymptomatic 4-year-old child was found to have clubbing, cyanosis (saturation of 78%), and polycythemia (hemoglobin 16.8 g/dl). By auscultation, he had a grade 1/6 systolic murmur. Electrocardiogram was normal. Chest x-ray revealed top normal heart size. Transthoracic echo and bubble study through a right arm vein were suggestive of right superior vena cava (SVC) draining predominantly into the left atrium. Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) confirmed the diagnosis (Fig. 1); however, drainage of the right-sided pulmonary veins could not be defined. At cardiac catheterization, there was a 5-mmHg gradient on pullback from the SVC into the right atrium and an increase in oxygen saturation in the low SVC. SVC angiography demonstrated flow predominantly into the left atrium (Fig. 2) with anomalous drainage of the right upper pulmonary vein into the SVC (Fig. 2). At surgery, the innominate vein and inferior vena cava were cannulated for venous return. The right atrium was opened and a 3-mm tubular connection between the right atrium and SVC was closed. The SVC was divided above the entrance of the right superior pulmonary vein into the SVC and anastomosed to the superior aspect of the right atrial appendage [21]. The patient had an uneventful recovery, with a room air saturation of 99%. Anomalous drainage of the right SVC into the left atrium as an isolated anomaly is rare. Review of the literature documents at least 16 cases since it was first described by Wood [5] in 1956. Seven cases of biatrial drainage have also been reported [2]. Most of these patients were asymptomatic except for mild cyanosis. Although cyanosis appears to be well tolerated, surgical correction is recommended to decrease the risk of paradoxical emboli, which can result in systemic embolization, stroke, and brain abscess [2, 4]. The etiology of this anomaly has frequently been attributed to leftward and cephalic malposition of the right horn of sinus venosus [3]. Another proposed etiology is rightward deviation of atrial septum; however, this is unlikely because both the coronary sinus and the inferior vena cava would then be positioned to the left of the atrial septum [3]. This case illustrates the importance of using both echocardiography and cardiac catheterization to establish the diagnosis of this rare congenital malformation. After the diagnosis was established, the Correspondence to: M.R. Recto, email: mitch.recto@louisville.edu Fig. 1. Transesophageal echo (TEE) two-dimensional/color-flow image in the sagittal plane (long-axis view) demonstrating the superior vena cava (SVC) draining predominantly into the left atrium (LA). RA, right atrium. Pediatr Cardiol 25:163–164, 2004 DOI: 10.1007/s00246-003-9006-8
Growth of some ferroelastic platinate and stannate single crystals

Abstract Crystals of the methyl, ethyl and isopropyl ammonium chloro and bromostannates and platinates have been grown from water solutions. For the isopropryl ammonium chloroplatinate (IPACP) and the corresponding stannate (IPACS) which exhibit ferroelasticity below 40°C, growth is by a spiral mechanism, with either single or multiple spirals emergent from the pseudo-orthorhombic (010) face. Etching studies using mixtures of methyl and ethyl alcohol reveal emergent dislocation densities of 10 5 /cm 2 and the morphology of the etch pits is consistent with the known symmetry.
Genetic Analysis on the Role of Integrin during Axon Guidance in Drosophila

Heterodimeric cell surface receptor integrin is widely expressed in the nervous system, but its specific role during axon development has not been directly tested in vivo. We show that the Drosophila nervous system expresses low levels of positron-specific (PS) integrin subunits alphaPS1, alphaPS2, and betaPS during embryonic axogenesis. Furthermore, certain subsets of neurons express higher levels of integrin mRNAs than do the rest. Null mutations in either the alphaPS1 or alphaPS2 subunit gene cause widespread axon pathfinding errors that can be rescued by supplying the wild-type integrin subunit to the mutant nervous system. In contrast, misexpressing either the alphaPS1 or alphaPS2 integrin subunit in all neurons leads to no obvious axon pathfinding errors. We propose that integrin does not itself serve as either a "clutch" constituting molecule or a specific growth cone "receptor," as proposed previously, but rather as part of a molecular network that cooperatively guarantees accurate axon guidance.
Inhibition of Glucose- and Calcium-Induced Insulin Secretion from βTC3 Cells by Novel Inhibitors of Protein Isoprenylation

The majority of low molecular weight G proteins undergoes a series of post-translational modification steps, e.g., isoprenylation, at their C-terminal cysteine, which seem to be critical for the transport of the modified proteins to the membrane sites for interaction with their respective effector proteins. Using lovastatin, an inhibitor of mevalonic acid, and hence, isoprenoid biosynthesis, we demonstrated previously that protein isoprenylation is critical for physiological insulin secretion from normal rat islets. Herein, we used more selective synthetic inhibitors of protein prenylation to examine their effects on glucose- and calcium-mediated insulin secretion from betaTC3 cells. Both 3-allyl- and vinylfarnesols, which inhibit and/or modulate protein farnesyl transferases, significantly (80-95%) inhibited glucose- and KCl-stimulated insulin secretion from these cells. In a similar manner, the allyl and vinyl forms of geranylgeraniol, reagents targeted toward protein geranylation, attenuated insulin secretion elicited by glucose and KCl. Furthermore, manumycin A, a natural inhibitor of protein farnesylation, and geranylgeranyl transferase inhibitor-2147 (GGTI-2147), a peptidomimetic inhibitor of protein geranylgeranylation, also inhibited glucose- and KCl-induced insulin secretion to comparable degrees. Treatment of betaTC3 cells with either 3-vinylfarnesol or 3-vinyl geranylgeraniol resulted in accumulation of unprenylated proteins in the cytosolic fraction. These data further support our original formulation that inhibition of isoprenylation of small molecular weight G proteins might impede their interaction with their putative effectors, which may be required for physiological insulin secretion.
Large-Scale Numerical Modeling of Bulk Crystal Growth from the Melt and Solution

Crystal growth is an art which is evolving into a science, and large-scale numerical simulation represents a modern tool for speeding this evolution onward. The use of realistic theoretical models can augment traditional experimental inquiry for obtaining fundamental understanding of crystal growth. In addition, modeling promises to provide a rational mechanism for systematic process optimization and design. Effective large-scale numerical simulation requires a thorough understanding of the underlying process physics, modeling approaches, mathematics, numerical methods, algorithms, and implementations. The reader will be spared of most of the intimate details in the ensuing manuscript; however, a short discussion of the current state of the art is appropriate.
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors and Gulf War illnesses

Increasing evidence suggests excess illness in Persian Gulf War veterans (GWV) can be explained in part by exposure of GWV to organophosphate and carbamate acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AChEis), including pyridostigmine bromide (PB), pesticides, and nerve agents. Evidence germane to the relation of AChEis to illness in GWV was assessed. Many epidemiological studies reported a link between AChEi exposure and chronic symptoms in GWV. The link is buttressed by a dose–response relation of PB pill number to chronic symptoms in GWV and by a relation between avidity of AChEi clearance and illness, based on genotypes, concentrations, and activity levels of enzymes that detoxify AChEis. Triangulating evidence derives from studies linking occupational exposure to AChEis to chronic health symptoms that mirror those of ill GWV. Illness is again linked to lower activity of AChEi detoxifying enzymes and genotypes conferring less-avid AChEi detoxification. AChEi exposure satisfies Hill's presumptive criteria for causality, suggesting this exposure may be causally linked to excess health problems in GWV.
Performance in contention bus local network interconnection

Various levels of protocols of local area broadcast networks interact. These interactions degrade network performance and have been studied using descrete event simulation techniques. Some of the design aspects that have a marked effect on network performance are briefly outlined and the relevant literature indicated.
Translocation (5;6) associated with spontaneously remitting congenital leukemia

We describe a newborn with acute monocytic leukemia who underwent spontaneous remission. Chromosomal analysis of this patient's leukemic blasts identified a translocation between 5q31 and 6q21. Chromosome 5 has been implicated in adult leukemogenesis but only rarely in childhood leukemia. Several hematopoietic growth factors and growth factor receptors have been mapped to the long arm of chromosome 5. This report discusses the possible role of these gene products in inducing leukemia in our index case.
Identification of Recombinant Human Rhinovirus A and C in Circulating Strains from Upper and Lower Respiratory Infections.

Human rhinoviruses (HRVs), in the Enterovirus genus within the family Picornaviridae, are a highly prevalent cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI). Enteroviruses are genetically highly variable, and recombination between serotypes is known to be a major contribution to their diversity. Recently it was reported that recombination events in HRVs cause the diversity of HRV-C. This study analyzed parts of the viral genes spanning the 5′ non- coding region (NCR) through to the viral protein (VP) encoding sequences of 105 HRV field isolates from 51 outpatient cases of Acute Respiratory Infectious Network (ARINET) and 54 inpatient cases of severe lower respiratory infection (SLRI) surveillance, in order to identify recombination in field samples. When analyzing parts of the 5′NCR and VP4/VP2 encoding sequences, we found intra- and interspecies recombinants in field strains of HRV-A and -C. Nineteen cases of recombination events (18.1%) were found among 105 field strains. For HRV-A, there were five cases (4.8%) of intraspecies recombination events and three cases (2.8%) of interspecies recombination events. For HRV-C, there were four cases (3.8%) of intraspecies recombination events and seven cases (6.7%) of interspecies recombination events. Recombination events were significantly more frequently observed in the ARINET samples (18 cases) than in the SLRI samples (1 case; P< 0.0001). The recombination breakpoints were located in nucleotides (nt) 472–554, which comprise stem-loop 5 in the internal ribosomal entry site (IRES), based on the HRV-B 35 sequence (accession no. FJ445187). Our findings regarding genomic recombination in circulating HRV-A and -C strains suggest that recombination might play a role in HRV fitness and could be a possible determinant of disease severity caused by various HRV infections in patients with ARI.
An Imaging Passive Microwave Radiometer For Precipitation Retrieval And Mesoscale Storm System Studies

This abstract outlines the development and performance of an imaging passive microwave radiometer operating in the 10 to 85 GHz range specifically for precipitation retrieval and mesoscale storm system studies from the ER-2 high altitude research aircraft. The instrument is referred to as the Advanced Microwave Precipitation Radiometer (AMPR) and was developed under contract to Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA). The AMPR's primary goal is the exploitation of the scattering signal of precipitation at frequencies of 10.7, 19.3 5,37.0 and 85.5 GHz to unambiguously retrieve precipitation and storm structure intensity information in support of the spaceborne Special Sensor Microwave/Imager (SSM/l) during future airborne ER-2 data flights in 1989/1990.
A TOOL KIT FOR LEXICON BUILDING

This paper describes a set of interactive routines that can be used to create, maintain, and update a computer lexicon. The routines are available to the user as a set of commands resembling a simple operating system. The lexicon produced by this system is based on lexical-semantic relations, but is compatible with a variety of other models of lexicon structure. The lexicon builder is suitable for the generation of moderate-sized vocabularies and has been used to construct a lexicon for a small medical expert system. A future version of the lexicon builder will create a much larger lexicon by parsing definitions from machine-readable dictionaries.
An Impregnable Lightweight Device Discovery (ILDD) Model for the Pervasive Computing Environment of Enterprise Applications

The worldwide use of handheld devices (personal digital assistants, cell phones, etc.) with wireless connectivity will reach 2.6 billion units this year and 4 billion by 2010. More specifically, these handheld devices have become an integral part of industrial applications. These devices form pervasive ad hoc wireless networks that aide in industry applications. However, pervasive computing is susceptible and vulnerable to malicious active and passive snoopers. This is due to the unavoidable interdevice dependency, as well as a common shared medium, very transitory connectivity, and the absence of a fixed trust infrastructure. In order to ensure security and privacy in the pervasive environment, we need a mechanism to maintain a list of valid devices that will help to prevent malicious devices from participating in any task. In this paper, we will show the feasibility of using a modified human- computer authentication protocol in order to prevent the malicious attacks of ad hoc networks in industrial applications. We will also present two separate models for both large and small networks, as well as several possible attack scenarios for each network.
Re-evaluation of Antevs' New England varve chronology and new radiocarbon dates of sediments from glacial Lake Hitchcock

A new varve record from sediments of glacial Lake Hitchcock in the Connecticut River Valley along Canoe Brook in Vermont matches and provides a test of Antevs' New England varve chronology for a span of more than 530 yr. Antevs' methods of correlation and for constructing the varve chronology appear to be valid. The varve record at Canoe Brook records weather-controlled variations in meteoric (nonglacial) discharge as well as glacial runoff. Organic sediment from the Canoe Brook site, which includes twigs, leaf debris,conifer needles, and fine disseminated organic detritus, lies 460-470 couplets above the base of the section and was deposited about 500 yr after deglaciation. The organic sediment was radiocarbon dated at 12,355 ± 75 yr B.P. (GX-14231), 12,455 ± 360 yr B.P. (GX-14780), and 12,915 ± 175 yr B.P. (GX-14781). Our radiocarbon dates are the first from sediments of Lake Hitchcock, and they provide the first real calibration of the New England varve chronology. The dates place the inception of Lake Hitchcock in central Connecticut at before 15,600 yr B.P. and deglaciation of the Canoe Brook site at about 12,900 yr B.P. An abrupt change in sediment types and thickness of varves 50 yr above the radiocarbon dates (about 12,400 yr B.P.) corresponds to a basin-wide change in the New England varve chronology and records the initial breaching of the dam for Lake Hitchcock at Rocky Hill, Connecticut. Nonglacial lakes, lower than Lake Hitchcock, persisted in the northern Connecticut Valley until at least 400 yr after the incursion of marine waters into the Champlain Valley.
Reasoning about hierarchical storage

In this paper, we develop a new substructural logic that can encode invariants necessary for reasoning about hierarchical storage. We show how the logic can be used to describe the layout of bits in a memory word, the layout of memory words in a region, the layout of regions in an address space, or even the layout of address spaces in a multiprocessing environment. We provide a semantics for our formulas and then apply the semantics and logic to the task of developing a type system for Mini-KAM, a simplified version of the abstract machine used in the ML Kit with regions.
Development of a microwave-assisted extraction method and isotopic validation of mercury species in soils and sediments

An efficient and rapid closed vessel microwave-assisted extraction method based on an acidic extractant has been developed to determine inorganic mercury and methylmercury in soils and sediments. Parameters optimized during this study were nitric acid concentration, amount of sample, extraction temperature and irradiation time. The results suggest that the nitric acid concentration and the irradiation temperature are statistically significant both for extraction efficiency and for stability of mercury species. A processed topsoil (Hg < 0.01 ng g−1) spiked with inorganic mercury and methylmercury and SRM 2711 (spiked with methylmercury) were used during the method development. The sample preparation was optimized in a closed-vessel system by heating 1.0 g of sample in 10.0 ml of 4.0 mol l−1 HNO3 for 10 min at 100 °C with magnetic stirring. Analyses of the extracts were carried out by using three types of instruments, Direct Mercury Analyzer-80 (DMA-80), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (ICP-MS) and high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer (HPLC-ICP-MS). The results obtained from each of these detection techniques agreed significantly at the 95% confidence level. The method was validated by the analyses of two types of specifically prepared reference soil samples and four certified reference materials (BCR 580, SRM 2704, SRM 2709 and SRM 1941a). The inorganic mercury and methylmercury concentrations found were in good agreement at the 95% confidence level with the certified or “made-to” value. The method was also validated using EPA Method 6800 as a diagnostic tool to check whether interconversion of inorganic mercury to methylmercury or vice versa took place during or after extraction; the amount of such interconversions was found to be statistically negligible. The method is in the process of consideration and adopted by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) as a primary mercury species extraction protocol from soils and sediments in EPA draft Method 3200.
Temperature dependence of second harmonic generation signal in SrBi2Ta2O9 and BaBi4Ti4O15

The temperature dependence of the optical Second Harmonic Generation Signal has been measured in SrBi2Ta2O9 and BaBi4Ti4O15 through the intermediate phase transition. The experiment indicates that a small polar component remains above this temperature which shows that the transition is ferroelectric-ferroelectric.
Effect of Probucol Treatment on Gene Expression of VCAM-1, MCP-1, and M-CSF in the Aortic Wall of LDL Receptor–Deficient Rabbits During Early Atherogenesis

Probucol is a potent inhibitor of atherosclerosis in animal models. However, the mechanism of its antiatherogenic effect is not known. To investigate the effects of probucol on gene expression of VCAM-1, MCP-1, and M-CSF in vivo during the early stages of atherogenesis, we determined gene expression in 12 control WHHL rabbits and 12 WHHL rabbits fed 1% probucol from age 3 weeks. Three animals from each group were killed at 6, 9, 12, and 18 weeks of age. Two intimal/medial segments of the thoracic aorta, each comprising the orifices of a pair of intercostal arteries, were analyzed by semiquantitative RT-PCR using GAPDH as an internal standard. A third segment located between these two segments was studied by immunocytochemistry. A basal level of VCAM-1 gene expression was observed in lesion-free aortas of both treated and untreated WHHL rabbits (and in normal NZW aortas). Immunocytochemistry showed some VCAM-1 protein in normal arteries and confirmed that VCAM-1 protein expression generally correlated with gene expression. In the untreated WHHL rabbits, a marked upregulation of VCAM-1 expression was observed at 18 weeks. To correlate gene expression with intimal monocyte/macrophages in each animal, the macrophage area was determined by morphometry of immunostained sections. In addition, a scoring system of lesions was used. VCAM-1 expression showed a highly significant correlation with the extent of intimal macrophage presence (P < .001). A lesser degree of correlation between gene expression and macrophage accumulation was also seen for MCP-1. In contrast, M-CSF expression remained constant over the entire study period and showed no correlation with the intimal macrophage accumulation. Probucol treatment completely prevented lesion formation in all animals up to 18 weeks of age. Probucol reduced the level of basal VCAM-1 expression and prevented its upregulation. MCP-1 expression was not affected by probucol treatment, whereas M-CSF expression was significantly lowered by probucol. Our results support the idea that VCAM-1 plays an important role in early atherogenesis and suggest that the antiatherogenic effect of probucol may in part be due to a downregulation of VCAM-1. Reduction of the basal level of M-CSF gene expression by probucol treatment may also contribute to its ability to inhibit atherogenesis.
Somatic (craniocervical) tinnitus and the dorsal cochlear nucleus hypothesis.

Abstract Purpose: Of all nonauditory sensory systems, only the somatosensory system seems to be related to tinnitus (eg, temporomandibular joint syndrome and whiplash). The purpose of this study is to describe the distinguishing characteristics of tinnitus associated with somatic events and to use these characteristics to develop a neurological model of somatic tinnitus. Materials and Methods: Case series. Results: Some patients with tinnitus, but no other hearing complaints, share several clinical features including (1) an associated somatic disorder of the head or upper neck, (2) localization of the tinnitus to the ear ipsilateral to the somatic disorder, (3) no vestibular complaints, and (4) no abnormalities on neurological examination. Pure tone and speech audiometry of the 2 ears is always symmetric and usually within normal limits. Based on these clinical features, it is proposed that somatic (craniocervical) tinnitus, like otic tinnitus, is caused by disinhibition of the ipsilateral dorsal cochlear nucleus. Nerve fibers whose cell bodies lie in the ipsilateral medullary somatosensory nuclei mediate this effect. These neurons receive inputs from nearby spinal trigeminal tract, fasciculus cuneatus, and facial, vagal, and glossopharyngeal nerve fibers innervating the middle and external ear. Conclusions: Somatic (craniocervical) modulation of the dorsal cochlear nucleus may account for many previously poorly understood aspects of tinnitus and suggests novel tinnitus treatments.
Small Aircraft Transportation System as Implemented in Nebraska

The Small Aircraft Transportation System (SATS) is an improved mode of air travel for personal transportation that makes use of the network of commercial and general aviation airports. It is a system of highly developed aircraft and ground facilities that can safely and affordably move people among several thousand of currently underused airports throughout urban, suburban, and rural America. The SATS is a combined program that consists of three main components: new vehicle technology, airspace infrastructure, and SATS service provider. The objective of this research was to study the SATS service provider component. It consisted of the definition and analysis of the demand forecast, airfield design, terminal area, and ground transportation access metrics and their interrelationships. A computer model that allowed the evaluation of different scenarios of planning and design of airfields for the SATS in Nebraska was also developed. The results of a base simulation for 2001 showed that 88 out of 91 Nebraska ...
Appropriateness of drugs prescribed by primary care physicians for depressed outpatients.

Abstract In a sample of middle class individuals seeking marital and sexual counseling, 30% had diagnosable psychiatric illness, including 14% who had depressions at the time of interview. Those with psychiatric syndromes were significantly more likely to have been prescribed psychoactive drugs than those without these syndromes. Those with depression were more likely to have received diazepam and similar drugs than antidepressants. The same was true for those with other syndromes but in many of these cases, diazepam or other antianxiety agents seemed more appropriate. Thus, affective disorder might well be the psychiatric syndrome for which these drugs are most often inappropriately prescribed. Inappropriate treatment is a matter of concern in an illness which is potentially fatal.
Finite-Difference Approximation for Fluid-Flow Simulation and Calculation of Permeability in Porous Media

We introduce a finite-difference method to simulate pore scale steady-state creeping fluid flow in porous media. First, a geometrical approximation is invoked to describe the interstitial space of grid-based images of porous media. Subsequently, a generalized Laplace equation is derived and solved to calculate fluid pressure and velocity distributions in the interstitial space domain. We use a previously validated lattice-Boltzmann method (LBM) as ground truth for modeling comparison purposes. Our method requires on average 17 % of the CPU time used by LBM to calculate permeability in the same pore-scale distributions. After grid refinement, calculations of permeability performed from velocity distributions converge with both methods, and our modeling results differ within 6 % from those yielded by LBM. However, without grid refinement, permeability calculations differ within 20 % from those yielded by LBM for the case of high-porosity rocks and by as much as 100 % in low-porosity and highly tortuous porous media. We confirm that grid refinement is essential to secure reliable results when modeling fluid flow in porous media. Without grid refinement, permeability results obtained with our modeling method are closer to converged results than those yielded by LBM in low-porosity and highly tortuous media. However, the accuracy of the presented model decreases in pores with elongated cross sections.