cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A high-throughput, field-based phenotyping technology for tall biomass crops

Recent advances in omics technologies have not been accompanied by equally efficient, cost-effective, and accurate phenotyping methods required to dissect the genetic architecture of complex traits. Even though high-throughput phenotyping platforms have been developed for controlled environments, field-based aerial and ground technologies have only been designed and deployed for short-stature crops. Therefore, we developed and tested Phenobot 1.0, an auto-steered and self-propelled field-based high-throughput phenotyping platform for tall dense canopy crops, such as sorghum (Sorghum bicolor). Phenobot 1.0 was equipped with laterally positioned and vertically stacked stereo RGB cameras. Images collected from 307 diverse sorghum lines were reconstructed in 3D for feature extraction. User interfaces were developed, and multiple algorithms were evaluated for their accuracy in estimating plant height and stem diameter. Tested feature extraction methods included the following: (1) User-interactive Individual Plant Height Extraction (UsIn-PHe) based on dense stereo three-dimensional reconstruction; (2) Automatic Hedge-based Plant Height Extraction (Auto-PHe) based on dense stereo 3D reconstruction; (3) User-interactive Dense Stereo Matching Stem Diameter Extraction; and (4) User-interactive Image Patch Stereo Matching Stem Diameter Extraction (IPaS-Di). Comparative genome-wide association analysis and ground-truth validation demonstrated that both UsIn-PHe and Auto-PHe were accurate methods to estimate plant height, while Auto-PHe had the additional advantage of being a completely automated process. For stem diameter, IPaS-Di generated the most accurate estimates of this biomass-related architectural trait. In summary, our technology was proven robust to obtain ground-based high-throughput plant architecture parameters of sorghum, a tall and densely planted crop species.
Can Incivility and Deliberation Co-exist?

When people comment online about important topics, they offer the potential to engage in a deliberative discussion, but they also may become uncivil. People must care deeply about a topic to deliberate about it, but those strong feelings also may lead to uncivil speech when they are confronted with a counter viewpoint. This chapter proposes a conceptual model of how incivility and deliberation—or at least “deliberative moments”—may co-occur in comment streams. I argue that some types of uncivil speech are so virulent that they prevent quality debate. However, less severe forms of incivility may still allow for a vigorous discussion, rooted in reason, bolstered by evidence, and open to disagreement. This chapter also proposes a plan to test this model.
Sampling memory to make profitable choices

A computational model explains how memories of past rewards guide value-based choices. Incorporating behavioral and functional MRI evidence, the findings indicate that 'sampling' from individual memories of past rewards influences choices.
‘Gregory Dry’: Parody and the morality of brand

While Bakhtin's (1981) notions of voicing, double voicing, and ventriloquation have been applied extensively in linguistic anthropology and sociolinguistics, only a few scholars have engaged with his related notion of parody. This article examines how a Sardinian manager uses parody in an oral narrative to construct and contest moralities surrounding personal and corporate identities. Through an analysis of both the story and the storytelling event, I show how this manager uses parody to better align himself with the ideals of his company and to frame his relationships with his employers and with the market more generally. In particular, my analysis focuses on how managers discursively create moral hierarchies of value that become key resources for understanding their stance in relation to the competitive dynamics of their industries. Parody in storytelling thus proves to be a crucial analytical tool for understanding brand and branding strategies. (Parody, narrative, brand, Italy, discourse analysis)*
Using distributed temperature sensing to detect CO2 leakage along the injection well casing

Abstract The objective of this study is to evaluate the sensitivity of Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) data to detect CO2 leakage along an injection well casing. This paper describes the relationship between the CO2 leakage rate and temperature response at DTS locations, and the method and numerical model used for understanding such a relationship. The uncertainties in the parameters are propagated to the interpretation of DTS measurements, which may lead to false positive and false negative identifications of CO2 leakage. We propose to identify CO2 leakage by analyzing both temperature history plots at selected vertical locations as well as the vertical temperature profiles at different times. The analysis should be combined with numerical simulations for the estimation of leakage rates. In addition, leakage needs to be confirmed by data from a warm-up test (temperature recovery after injection of cold CO2 is stopped) to minimize the probability of false identifications.
Toward individual glomerular phenotyping: advent of precision medicine in kidney biopsies.

The road to precision medicine for nephrology is approaching quickly. In the present volume, the glomerular proteome has now been characterized at a single glomerulus level in mouse and human kidneys. Using the Single-Pot Solid-Phase–enhanced Sample Preparation (SP3) approach the authors demonstrated that LAMP1 is a key lysosomal protein that is increased in glomerular diseases and may play a pathogenic role.
A Narrative Approach to Strategic Eclecticism

Strategic eclecticism is set forth as a basis from which to use divergent theories and techniques within narrative therapy, a process-oriented model informed by postmodernism. The theory and practice of narrative therapy are described. Principles and guidelines for employing a narrative approach to strategic eclecticism are explicated along with a case example. Directions for future research and theory building also are considered. It is suggested that a narrative approach to strategic eclecticism speaks to the need for convergence between the modernist and postmodernist schools.
Neue Entwicklungen in der cranio-facialen Chirurgie

Auf dem Gebiet der cranio-facialen Chirurgie haben in den letzten Jahren einige neue Entwicklungen stattgefunden. Wenn man die technischen Fortschritte, vom einfachen Rontgenbild uber das gewohnliche Tomogramm hin zum Computertomogramm mit seiner zweidimensionalen Darstellung und weiter zu dem neuen Computerprogramm 3D83 (Abb. 1), fur die wissenschaftlichen Grundlagen der Chirurgie nutzt, dann ist man in der Lage, die cranio-facialen Fehlbildungen mit fortschrittlichen Mitteln zu untersuchen und die Behandlungsmethoden weiter zu verbessern.
Representing the “invisible crime” of climate change in an age of post-truth:

This article builds on prior writing on the ophthalmological aspects of climate change to argue that in an age of climate change denial and “post-truth”—which Oxford Dictionaries defines as “relati...
P043 Assessment of donor specific antibody by single antigen bead/ epitope analysis combined with flow cytometry cross match facillitates better patient management after kidney transplantation

Post transplant epitope analysis of anti-donor specific antibody (DSA) using single antigen bead (SAB) assays when combined with flow cytometry cross matches (FCXM) may provide enhanced ability to direct the management of a patient’s immunosuppressive therapy. This proposal is illustrated by the following case report. A 57 year old female (HLA, A2, A31, B51, B53, DR13, DR15) received a deceased donor kidney transplant (TX) (Donor HLA, A1, B13, B37, C6, DR7, DR15, DQ2, DQ6). The patient was sensitized (cPRA 97%) from a prior kidney TX. Pre-TX DSA was detected to B*37:01, MFI = 645 with a possible epitope 156DA, the sum of which is the MFI- score (MFI-s) = 4515). T and B cell FCXMs were negative. The patient did not receive plasmapheresis (PPE) prior to TX and DSA was not detected one day after transplantation. On day 8, DSA was detected to the A*01:01 SAB (MFI = 591) with and MFI-score of 3992 to the possible epitope 163R that includes A1. The patient’s DSA increased to 2451, A*01:01, MFI-s of 14,936, on day 12 but the creatinine (Cr) decreased from 4.1 to 2.5 mg/dL over the next 14 days so treatment was withheld. On day 30 an increase in Cr from 2.3 mg/dL to 3.7 mg/dL was noted. SAB testing indicated DSA to B*37:01, as well as the A1 bead. A C3d test and a FCXM test was performed (with frozen donor cells).The DSA did not bind C3d and the FCXM was negative. Typically the FCXM would be positive with this level of DSA (14,936). In view of the negative FCXM, further epitope analysis was performed as the patient’s post transplant serum likely contained antibodies with several overlapping specificities. In this case the donor antigen A1 did not express the epitope that was broadly expressed on other beads, 163R, but rather an epitope that was restricted to A1 alleles only 163RG with an MFI-s = 2787. This explained why the FCXM was negative. PPE, IVIG and Rituxan therapy was initiated but only 5 PPE were given since the DSA was of relatively low strength. The patient’s DSA was undetecTable 10 days later and her Cr stabilized to 2.1 mg/dL. This case illustrates how post-transplant assessment of anti-HLA antibody with SAB/ epitope analysis, combined with FCXM, can provide important information on the specificity and strength of the DSA for use in the management of recipients that develop antibodies after kidney transplantation. A.J. Norin:2. Consultant; Company/Organization; ICON PLC, Stony Brook Pathologists. 3. Speaker’s Bureau; Company/Organization; Immuncor, One Lambda.
Parents' early book reading to children: Relation to children's later language and literacy outcomes controlling for other parent language input.

It is widely believed that reading to preschool children promotes their language and literacy skills. Yet, whether early parent-child book reading is an index of generally rich linguistic input or a unique predictor of later outcomes remains unclear. To address this question, we asked whether naturally occurring parent-child book reading interactions between 1 and 2.5 years-of-age predict elementary school language and literacy outcomes, controlling for the quantity of other talk parents provide their children, family socioeconomic status, and children's own early language skill. We find that the quantity of parent-child book reading interactions predicts children's later receptive vocabulary, reading comprehension, and internal motivation to read (but not decoding, external motivation to read, or math skill), controlling for these other factors. Importantly, we also find that parent language that occurs during book reading interactions is more sophisticated than parent language outside book reading interactions in terms of vocabulary diversity and syntactic complexity.
A National Perspective of School Psychology in the Context of School Reform.

(1996). A National Perspective of School Psychology in the Context of School Reform. School Psychology Review: Vol. 25, No. 4, pp. 507-511.
Religious, Cultural, and Social Aspects of Eating

What, when, and how much we eat is the culminating behavior that makes up food intake patterns which can be influenced by religion, cultural context, and social milieu. Such influences are channeled by family, friends, faith communities, media, work environment, entertainment venues, etc. Effective counseling for weight management is dependent on an in-depth knowledge and understanding of and sensitivity to religious diversity/multiculturalism, with social intelligence. Practitioners must have skills to make positive accommodations to address diversity in religion, cultural heritage, and social context to affect positive outcomes. The richness of diversity of the American people offers many opportunities for the practitioner in weight management to partner with their clients and patients to make permanent healthy lifestyle changes. An expanding critical mass of evidenced-based research indicates that making cultural accommodations to weight management interventions has the potential to dramatically improve outcomes. Practitioners have a professional responsibility to assess their cultural competence and develop action plans to strengthen knowledge and skills in areas needing improvement. Many online resources are available that can assist the practitioner in assessing cultural competence. Opportunities exist for research to refine our understanding of how to make cultural adaptations to weight management interventions most effectively. As the American demographic changes, practitioners will be challenged increasingly to address the religious, cultural, and social needs of their patients.
A bibliometric review of process safety and risk analysis

Abstract Process safety and risk analysis have paramount significance in the modern process industries for preventing fatalities and asset and reputation loss due to an accident. Hence, this has been an active area of research for many decades around the world. In this paper, a bibliometric analysis-based review is presented to investigate the evolution of process safety and risk research. Specifically, the following basic questions are addressed: (i) Which countries are active in the research? (ii) What are the key areas? (iii) Who are the leading contributing authors? (iv) What are the potential sources of the publications? (v) What is the focus of most of the documents? (vi) What are the dominant factors behind the citations? and (vii) What is the contribution of the industries? Additionally, the evolution and popularity of major tools used in this field are also analyzed. It is found that safety and risk analysis is a global topic. China, Malaysia, and Iran are the emerging countries with an impressive percentage increase in research volume in this decade (2009–2018). The USA is the leading contributor, and India is the most cost-effective country. Methodology development-related works cover the vast portion of this field, and journals focusing on these works are highly likely to be cited by peer researchers. Despite a healthy contribution from industry, unfortunately collaborative works between industry and academia are rare. It is also observed that the field of process safety and risk analysis is of great growth potential with an exponential increase in the number of annual publications.
Learning What to Learn Across the Life Span: From Objects to Real-World Skills:

One of the most difficult and important problems that all learners face across the life span is learning what to learn. Understanding what to learn is difficult when both relevant and irrelevant in...
Improvement in hypersomnia with high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed adolescents: Preliminary evidence from an open-label study.

Abstract Study objectives Sleep disruption is a significant symptom of major depressive disorder (MDD). To our knowledge, no prior work has examined the impact of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) on sleep disturbances in adolescents with MDD. Methods Seventeen adolescents with treatment-resistant depression received 30 daily sessions of 10-Hz rTMS applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (L-DLPFC). Clinical symptoms were assessed at baseline; after 10, 20, and 30 treatments; and at a 6-month follow-up visit. Insomnia was measured with a 3-item subscale of the Quick Inventory of Depressive Symptomatology – Adolescent (17 Item) – Self Report (QIDS-A17-SR). Hypersomnia was measured with a single QIDS-A17-SR item. Depression severity was rated with the Children's Depression Rating Scale, Revised (CDRS-R). The effect of rTMS on sleep was examined via linear mixed model analyses, with fixed effects of time (as a proxy of treatment), depression severity, age, and hypnotic medication use. Results No significant main effect of time was observed on the insomnia subscale (F4,43.442 = 1.078, p = 0 .379). However, there was a significant main effect of time on the QIDS-A17-SR hypersomnia score (F4,46.124 = 2.733, p = 0 .040), with significant improvement from baseline to treatment 10 (padj = 0.019) and from baseline to 6-month follow-up (padj = 0.044). In exploratory sensitivity analyses, response/nonresponse to rTMS for overall depressive symptoms had no significant effect on sleep outcomes. Conclusions rTMS may have intrinsic effects on hypersomnia apart from its antidepressant effects in depressed adolescents. Future work should utilize sham controls and objective, quantitative measurements of sleep architecture to assess effects of rTMS in depressed adolescents. Clinical trial registry Clinicaltrials.gov identifiers are NCT00587639 , NCT01502033 , NCT01804270 .
Trends in the incidence of fetal macrosomia and its phenotypes in the United States, 1971–2017

Studies have reported a surge in the prevalence of obesity among various demographic groups including pregnant women in the U.S. Given the association between maternal obesity and risk of fetal macrosomia, we hypothesized that the incidence of fetal macrosomia will be on the rise in the U.S. We examined trends in fetal macrosomia and macrosomia phenotypes in the U.S. among singleton live births within the gestational age of 28–42 weeks inclusive. This was a retrospective cohort study covering the period 1971–2017 using U.S. Natality Data files. We applied Joinpoint regression models to derive the average annual percentage change in the outcome. We measured incidence and trends of fetal macrosomia which was defined as birth weight ≥ 4000 g. We further subdivided macrosomia into its phenotypes as previously recommended: Grade 1 (4000–4499 g), Grade 2 (4500–4999 g) and Grade 3 (≥ 5000 g). A total of 147,331,305 singleton births over the entire study period of 47 years were analyzed. From a baseline incidence of 8.84%, the rate of fetal macrosomia declined to 8.07% by the end of the study representing a drop of 8.70% in relative terms. The greatest drop was among infants with Grade 3 macrosomia, the most severe and lethal phenotype. The most impactful factors were maternal age and gestational weight gain. This study is the largest population-based study conducted regarding fetal macrosomia. The rate of fetal macrosomia declined over the previous 5 decades with the most substantial drop observed in the phenotype with the worst prognosis.
Information leakage in financial machine learning research

Over the past ten years, applications of machine learning research have steadily shown mastery of broader and more complex domains, and the tools to create advanced models have become ubiquitous and more democratized. During that same time, the resources for studying algorithmic finance have also greatly expanded with populous open source communities and more granular time series available to researchers. However, progress in applying machine learning to finance has mostly stagnated, and in some cases regressed. We not only see similar, routine mistakes to those made ten years ago, but the complexity of cutting-edge models and frameworks can easily hide those mistakes. Drawing on both referee reports and published papers, this editorial series will review frequent problems that occur throughout the ML research pipeline which lead to invalid results and unwarranted conclusions.1 The pipeline refers to the series of research stages that are common to all ML projects and independent of any specific machine learning technique or architecture.
Collection and Aquarium Maintenance of Nautilus

The first living Nautilus to be displayed in a public aquarium was N. macromphalus, exhibited at the Noumea Aquarium in New Caledonia in 1958 (Catala, 1964). In 1961, the Monaco Aquarium obtained one living N. macromphalus, which survived 2 months in captivity (Cousteau and Diole, 1973). Apparently no other successful attempts to keep Nautilus in aquaria were made until 1976, when the Yomiuri-Land Aquarium in Tokyo obtained N. macromphalus from the Noumea Aquarium and kept them alive for 8 months (JECOLN, 1980b) (see also Chapter 36). At the same time, specimens of N. pompilius were obtained from Fiji by the Waikiki Aquarium in Hawaii, where they were maintained for 8 months (Carlson, 1977, 1979).
A Volumetric Albedo Framework for 3D Imaging Sonar Reconstruction

We present a novel framework for object-level 3D underwater reconstruction using imaging sonar sensors. We demonstrate that imaging sonar reconstruction is analogous to the problem of confocal non-line-of-sight (NLOS) reconstruction. Drawing upon this connection, we formulate the problem as one of solving for volumetric albedo, where the scene of interest is modeled as a directionless albedo field. After discretization, reconstruction reduces to a convex linear optimization problem, which we can augment with a variety of priors and regularization terms. We show how to solve the resulting regularized problems using the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM) algorithm. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach in simulation and on real-world datasets collected in a controlled, test tank environment with several different sonar elevation apertures.
The Children's Health and Maintenance Program (CHAMP): An innovative community outreach oral health promotion program: A randomized trial.

OBJECTIVE To describe CHAMP (Children's Oral Health Promotion Program) evaluating the impact of two motivational methods in increasing dental care access. METHODS CHAMP is a multi-dimensional oral health promotion programme that recruited and screened underprivileged children/families from community sites in Los Angeles County between 2012 and 2018. A randomized clinical trial (RCT) enrolled children/families into one or more motivational interventions (intra-oral camera and/or social work consultation) designed to impact subsequent scheduling of dental appointments. RESULTS CHAMP served 24 535 families. RCT had 418 families with 68.5% scheduling appointments by second follow-up (P < .001). Excluding children with scheduled appointments by first follow-up, children experiencing both interventions were 4.1 (95% CI 1.5-11.2) times more likely to schedule appointments by second follow-up than were the controls (P=<.01). When experiencing both interventions and had never previously been to the dentist, 68.3% scheduled dental appointments; this was significantly higher than the controls (46.7%) (P = .04). The best predictor for families to have scheduled appointments was a dental visit within the last six months [OR = 3.8 (95% CI 2.2-6.6), P < .001]. CONCLUSIONS Outreach health promotion programmes are important and should consider utilizing various motivational techniques to encourage enrolment and treatment at dental homes.
Class I Methanol (CH3OH) Maser Conditions near Supernova Remnants

We present results from calculations of the physical conditions necessary for the occurrence of 36.169 (4?1-30 E), 44.070 (70-61 A +), 84.521 (5?1-40 E), and 95.169 (80-71 A +) GHz methanol (CH3OH) maser emission lines near supernova remnants (SNRs), using the MOLPOP-CEP program. The calculations show that given a sufficient methanol abundance, methanol maser emission arises over a wide range of densities and temperatures, with optimal conditions at n ~ 104-106?cm?3 and T > 60 K. The 36?GHz and 44?GHz transitions display more significant maser optical depths compared to the 84?GHz and 95?GHz transitions over the majority of physical conditions. It is also shown that line ratios are an important and applicable probe of the gas conditions. The line ratio changes are largely a result of the E-type transitions becoming quenched faster at increasing densities. The modeling results are discussed using recent observations of CH3OH and hydroxyl (OH) masers near the SNRs G1.4?0.1, W28, and Sgr?A?East.
A concluding comment: Toward a critical social network analysis

Abstract The authors of articles in this special issue on “Ethics in SNA” contribute to enriching the continuing discussion of major ethical dilemmas that social network analysts need to confront. These articles encourage us to replace silence with thoughtful consideration and innovative paths forward. I highlight three themes that emerged in my own reading of these contributions: moving beyond “ethics versus science,” deepening reflexivity, and possible approaches toward a critical SNA.
Diabetes in Youth: A Global Perspective

Diabetes is a common disease among pediatric populations in the United States and worldwide. The incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes is increasing, with disproportional increases in racial/ethnic subpopulations. As the prevalence of obesity continue to increase, type 2 diabetes now represents a major form of pediatric diabetes. The management of diabetes in youth centers on maintaining glycemic control to prevent acute and chronic complications. This article summarizes the epidemiology, etiology, management, and complications of type 1 and type 2 diabetes in youth, as well as future directions and opportunities.
Escaping the Classroom: Replacing Traditional Lecture With Interactive Learning Stations in Nursing Education.

ABSTRACT The daily evolution of the nursing profession has charged nurse educators to be innovative and creative in their teaching strategies, with the goal of engaging and motivating students and promoting lifelong learning. Educational escape rooms use multiple teaching/learning strategies, such as problem-based learning, flipping the classroom, and gamification, to engage learners and promote active learning. The educational escape room experience provides a way to engage and empower nursing students and assist in meeting learning objectives. This article describes an interactive educational escape activity for hematologic disorders.
Daunomycin: an anthracycline antibiotic effective in acute leukemia.

Publisher Summary Daunomycin is an antitumor antibiotic of the anthracycline group, which was isolated in the Farmitalia Research Laboratories in Milan, Italy, from cultures of Streptomyces peucetius. The major part of the drug was found in the culture media of the mycelium and was isolated by means of solvent extraction, cation resins, and paper or column chromatography. The yield was 5–15 mg of product per liter of culture media. The soil sample was from Castel del Monte, near Puglie, and hence the name of the species S. peucetius. The drug is classified as an anthracycline and has similar physicochemical characteristics to rhodomycins, cynerubines, pyrromicins, and rutilantines. Daunomycin consists of a pigmented aglycone (daunomycinone) in glycoside linkage with an amino sugar (daunosamine). Daunomycin inhibits the multiplication of bacteriophage. It strongly inhibits DNA phages by acting during the replication cycle of the phage and not on absorption, injection, or lysis. The RNA phage growth was unaffected by daunomycin. The antiphage activity was proportional to the concentration of daunomycin. The antiphage activity was partially blocked by DNA but not by nucleotides or nucleosides.
Social Network Characteristics Moderate the Association Between Stigmatizing Attributions About HIV and Non-adherence Among Black Americans Living with HIV: a Longitudinal Assessment

Background Stigma may contribute to HIV-related disparities among HIV-positive Black Americans.
Multilevel Master-Slave Parallel Programming Models

We develop a multilevel master-slave (MMS) model that is useful for large-scale master-slave problems. The MMS model implements the MS model at multiple levels and allows parallel creation of slave processes. We describe an MMS structure called the minimum-generation-time (MGT) tree. The results of our experiments show that the MMS model improves the performance of parallel computation.
Permeability and Adhesion Measurements of Laminated Barium Titanate Green Ceramic Tapes

Two techniques are described to characterize the effect of processing variables on the properties of laminated tapes used to fabricate multilayer ceramic capacitors. The permeability is measured by a dynamic flow method, which can be performed on individual, stacked, or laminated tapes. In addition, the effect of lamination time, temperature, and load on the permeability can be assessed. The adhesion strength of laminated tapes is measured by a T peel test using a tensile testing machine. Three features of the load versus displacement curve are indicative of the effect of the lamination conditions on the adhesion strength.
Analgesic and immunomodulatory effects of codeine and codeine 6-glucuronide.

Purpose. The antinociceptive and immunosuppressive effects of codeine and codeine 6-glucuronide were determined in rats after intra-cerebroventricular administration.
Minimum Clique Number, Chromatic Number, and Ramsey Numbers

Let $Q(n,c)$ denote the minimum clique number over graphs with $n$ vertices and chromatic number $c$. We investigate the asymptotics of $Q(n,c)$ when $n/c$ is held constant. We show that when $n/c$ is an integer $\alpha$, $Q(n,c)$ has the same growth order as the inverse function of the Ramsey number $R(\alpha+1,t)$ (as a function of $t$). Furthermore, we show that if certain asymptotic properties of the Ramsey numbers hold, then $Q(n,c)$ is in fact asymptotically equivalent to the aforementioned inverse function. We use this fact to deduce that $Q(n,\lceil n/3 \rceil)$ is asymptotically equivalent to the inverse function of $R(4,t)$.
Extraovarian granulosa cell tumor

Abstract A case of extraovarian granulosa cell tumor is described. It is believed to be clinically benign. There is evidence that the tumor caused disturbance of genital function with endometrial hyperplasia and repeated abortion or miscarriage. The patient's only normal full-term pregnancy occurred after surgical removal of the tumor. Histogenesis of the tumor is discussed.
Growth factors differentially stimulate the phosphorylation of Shc proteins and their association with Grb2 in PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells

Growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases can form stable associations with intracellular proteins that contain src homology (SH) 2 domains, including two proteins, Shc and Grb2, that are thought to lie upstream from the ras protooncogene in a signaling cascade. The phosphorylation and molecular associations of these proteins were evaluated in PC-12 pheochromocytoma cells treated with nerve growth factor (NGF), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and insulin. Both NGF and EGF stimulated the tyrosine phosphorylation of Shc proteins and their subsequent association with the receptors. In contrast, insulin had no effect on Shc phosphorylation, despite the expression of functional insulin receptors in these cells at levels comparable to those observed for NGF and EGF. NGF and EGF also induced the association of Shc proteins with a Grb2 fusion protein or endogenous Grb2, whereas insulin had no effect. All of the tyrosine-phosphorylated Shc proteins associated with the Grb2 fusion protein, although only about half of the endogenous Shc was phosphorylated in response to NGF or EGF. However, all three hormones induced the association of several additional tyrosine phosphorylated proteins with Grb2, some of which also coprecipitated with antiserum against the 85-kDa subunit of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase. Moreover, these growth factors stimulated the association of phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activity with the Grb2 fusion protein, although this activity was not detected in anti-Shc immunoprecipitates. These results provide further evidence for the divergence of signaling pathways in insulin action, and suggest that Grb2 forms separate complexes with tyrosine-phosphorylated proteins in PC-12 cells.
The (Black) Woman in the Mirror: Determining the Relationship Between Internalized Body Image & Sexual Risk Taking Behaviors in African American Women

This study examines the relationship between internalized body image and sexual risk taking behaviors in African American women. Data were collected at a large Midwestern university (n=359). The study measured religiosity, ethnic identity, Black Women Strength, weekly music consumption, age, and body mass index. The respondents surveyed were all African American college aged women from the psychology subject pool. Results indicated a positive correlation between religiosity, ethnic identity, Black woman strength with more positive perception of body image; whereas body mass index was more negatively correlated. Sexual risk taking behaviors were correlated inversely with religiosity.
How to discover a knowledge representation for causal reasoning by studying an expert physician

The ability to identify and represent the knowledge that a human expert has about a particular domain is a key method in the creation of expert computer system. The first part of this paper demonstrates a methodology for collecting and analysing observations of experts at work, in order to find the conceptual framework used for the particular domain. The second part develops a representation for qualitative knowledge of the structure and behavior of a mechanism. The qualitative simulation, or envisionment, process is given a qualitative structural description of a mechanism and some initialization information, and produces a detailed description of the mechanism's behavior. This "vertical" slice of the construction of a cognitive model demonstrator, an effective knowledge acquisition method for the purpose of determining the structure of the representation itself, not simply the content of the knowledge to be encoded in that representation. Most importantly, it demonstrates the interaction among constraints derived from the textbook knowledge of the domain, from observations of the human expert, and from the computational requirements of successful performance.
Bifurcations of the Hill’s region in the three body problem

In the spatial three body problem, the topology of the integral manifolds 97t(c, h) (i.e. the level sets of energy h and angular momentum c, as well as center of mass and linear momentum) and the Hill's regions S (c, h) (the projection of the integral manifold onto position coordinates) depends only on the quantity v = hlc2. It was established by Albouy and McCord-Meyer-Wang that, for h < 0 and c $ 0, there are exactly eight bifurcation values for v at which the topology of the integral manifold changes. It was also shown that for each of these values, the topology of the Hill's region changes as well. In this work, it is shown that there are no other values of v for which the topology of the Hill's region changes. That is, a bifurcation of the Hill's region occurs if and only if a bifurcation of the integral manifold occurs.
Considering the Effects of Nonresponse on Correlations Between Surveyed Variables

Nonresponse to organizational surveys is a vexing problem. Although scholars have a reasonable understanding of how systematic nonresponse influences estimates of population means, they are likely to have less context for understanding how it impacts correlations. We present the results of a simulation study designed to provide a frame of reference for understanding the extent to which systematic nonresponse can bias observed correlations between surveyed variables. Although there were cases where notable levels of bias were observed in the correlations, the majority of situations simulated resulted in mean observed correlations that were within .05 of the true correlation. The variety of situations simulated allows researchers to evaluate the external validity of observed correlations in their data – a critical goal for survey researchers in practice and academics.
Interaction of amphiphiles with integral membrane proteins. II. A simple, minimal model for the nonspecific interaction of amphiphiles with the anion exchanger of the erythrocyte membrane

Abstract In a previous paper we have reported on the structural perturbation of the erythrocyte membrane anion exchanger by a regular series of model amphiphiles, as shown by differential scanning calorimetry (Gruber, H.J. and Low, P.S., Biochim. Biophys. Acta, preceding article). Now the data are interpreted by a model in which the effects of amphiphile structure upon buffer-membrane partitioning are well separated from the dependence of the intrinsic potencies of membrane-bound amphiphiles upon amphiphile structure. The buffer-membrane partitioning situation was demonstrated to regularly change between extremes within a series of homologous amphiphiles, i.e. from a negligible to a predominant fraction of total amphiphile in the sample residing in the membrane. Based upon this demonstration a large number of reports on the chain length dependence of apparent potency could be reinterpreted in terms of chain length profiles of intrinsic potency, allowing for a comparison of the responses of various membrane proteins to homologous series of amphiphiles. The response patterns for chain length variation could be divided into three distinct classes: the intrinsic potency (i) can be independent of chain length over a very wide range of length, (ii) it can be rather independent up to a critical length where a sudden cut-off in potency occurs, or (iii) it can drop monotonically over a wide range of chain length. The intrinsic potency values of saturated fatty acids in destabilizing the anion exchanger were interpreted by very simple assumptions: only direct interactions between amphiphiles and target proteins and a simple amphiphile partition equilibrium between a pool of equivalent low affinity sites on the protein and the bulk lipid matrix. The observed monotonic decay of the intrinsic potency of saturated fatty acids with increasing chain length from C 8 to C 20 was translated constant increment of free energy by which each additional CH 2 favors the transfer away from sites on the protein towards the bulk lipid matrix. Arguments were presented suggesting that the direct interaction between amphiphiles and target protein is completely nonspecific for alkyl chain length while the residual specificity for shorter over longer amphiphiles is due to the higher tendency of longer chains to preferentially bind in the bulk lipid matrix. Thus a completely new role of the lipid as a competitor, rather than a mediator, was postulated.
Reconsidering the Book and the Sword: A Rhetoric of Passivity in Rabbinic Hermeneutics

The motif of the "book and the sword" as it appears in a Babylonian Talmud martyrdom narrative suggests that Torah and violence are mutually exclusive. This essay will explore in what ways the book and the sword have a more complicated relationship within the Babylonian Talmud and its sources than this narrative suggests. The essay will focus attention on a posture of interpretive passivity that rabbinic legislators adopt in a variety of legal contexts in which their audience's physical and social welfare is at stake, including criminal execution and women's claims upon their husbands. The essay will contrast the representation of the rabbi who laments, "What can I do? For behold the Torah said …" to the creative hermeneutics he in fact exercises. The essay will argue that this idiom, as it appears in several tannaitic texts and then is expanded in Babylonian talmudic texts, is unusual within Antiquity in giving explicit expression to embarrassment about scriptural canon. The essay proposes that the stereotyping of early rabbis as hermeneutically passive by Babylonian talmudic editors allows them to highlight their own exegetical and judicial activism as they transform inherited sources. The essay considers what the representation of hermeneutically passive rabbinic judges can reveal about the complex relationship between legal exegesis, judicial authority, and violence within rabbinic literature, from early to late, from Palestine to Babylonia.
On the Solar Spectrum and the Color Sensitivity of the Eye

The solar spectrum peaks in the green part of the spectrum, right? Wrong! It only peaks in the green when plotted in wavelength units. It peaks in the near-infrared when plotted in frequency units.
"IT JUST MAKES SENSE”: EARLY CHILDHOOD TEACHERS AND MIXED‐AGE GROUPING IN ONE PRESCHOOL SETTING

(1999). 'IT JUST MAKES SENSE”: EARLY CHILDHOOD TEACHERS AND MIXED‐AGE GROUPING IN ONE PRESCHOOL SETTING. Journal of Early Childhood Teacher Education: Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 337-345.
Health care worker, vaccinate thyself: toward better compliance with influenza vaccination.

At our hospital, workers can decline to be vaccinated, but everyone must go to our Web site and be counted.
Establishment and development of northern white-cedar following strip clearcutting

Abstract Overbrowsing by white-tailed deer ( Odocoileus virginianus ) has created difficulties in regenerating northern white-cedar ( Thuja occidentalis L.) in Michigan during the last 30 years. This has prompted concerns among resource managers regarding the long-term sustainability of cedar forests. After reviewing many areas, we identified three that were strip clearcut 20–30 years ago and had successfully regenerated. We determined patterns of species establishment and height growth and computed the time interval over which this cedar was vulnerable to browsing by deer. Cedar comprised 51–82% of all trees and 36–70% of overstory trees in the three study areas. Balsam fir ( Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.), black spruce ( Picea mariana (Mill.) B.S.P.), and white spruce ( P. glauca (Moench) Voss) were important associates. Seedling establishment in these stands had continued for up to 20 years after clearcutting. However, all overstory trees were derived from advance regeneration or from seedlings that established within the first 10 years after cutting. Seedlings that established early but were overtopped by faster growing trees, or seedlings that established later than 10 years after cutting, were restricted to understory positions. It took 23–26 years after logging for two of our study sites to become fully stocked with cedar that were tall enough to escape overbrowsing by deer. The third area had no trees of this size, even after 20 years. Cedar's successful regeneration on these strip clearcuts can be attributed to its aggressive colonization, the lack of faster-growing competitors, and limited herbivory over several decades. Extending this experience to other areas, where strip clearcutting has failed, will require an unprecedented, steadfast management policy.
Fuel blend fraction estimation for fuel-flexible combustion control: Uncertainty analysis

Abstract “Fuel-flexible combustion control” strategies require accurate fuel composition information. A physics-based fuel blend fraction estimator for lean-burn combustion is used to assess the impact of uncertain variables on the estimator accuracy. For biodiesel blends in a diesel engine, the strategy is shown to be minimally affected by biodiesel feedstock variations, and expected fuel flow and oxygen sensor errors. However, observed airflow estimate errors are expected to lead to large estimator errors. When applied to ethanol blends, the estimator error is lower due to a higher stoichiometric mixture fraction for ethanol, and inherent differences in typical lean-burn gasoline engine operating conditions.
High-energy hadron physics at future facilities

Abstract We outline several directions for future investigations of the three-dimensional structure of nucleon, including multiparton correlations, color transparency, and branching processes at hadron colliders and at hadron factories. We also find evidence that pQCD regime for non-vacuum Regge trajectories sets in for − t ⩾ 1 GeV 2 leading to nearly t-independent trajectories.
Comments on: ℓ1-penalization for mixture regression models

We would like to wholeheartedly congratulate Professors Stadler, Buhlmann and van de Geer for an interesting and important paper on developing the L1 regularization theory and methodology in finite mixture regression (FMR) models. An innovated reparametrization scheme is introduced to ensure equivariance under affine transformations and enhance the performance. Some nonasymptotic oracle inequalities on the average excess risk of the Lasso-type estimator are established in high dimensions, where the number of covariates can be much larger than the sample size. The authors also introduce an efficient EM-type algorithm combined with an improved coordinate descent for implementation. We appreciate the opportunity to comment on several aspects of this paper.
Short-chain acylcarnitines of human blood and urine

Abstract The total carnitine and short-chain acylcarnitines of human blood and urine of healthy adults were identified and quantitated. The major short-chain acylcarnitine of both blood and urine is acetylcarnitine. Urine contains proportionately lower amounts of acetylcarnitine than blood; it has a higher ratio of short-chain acylcarnitine to free carnitine than blood and it contains larger amounts of the branched-chain acylcarnitines, isobutyrylcarnitine, and isovalerylcarnitine than blood. The data indicate that carnitine and possibly acetylcarnitine are preferentially reabsorbed by kidney while isobutyrylcarnitine and isovalerylcarnitine are less readily reabsorbed.
Updated Report on Comparative Effectiveness of ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and Direct Renin Inhibitors for Patients with Essential Hypertension: Much More Data, Little New Information

OBJECTIVES A 2007 systematic review compared angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) in patients with hypertension. Direct renin inhibitors (DRIs) have since been introduced, and significant new research has been published. We sought to update and expand the 2007 review.
Does Cardioplegic Arrest Compromise Long-Term Left Ventricular Function?

This study was undertaken to evaluate the chronic, long-term effect of global ischemia produced by cold potassium cardioplegia during cardiopulmonary bypass. Fifteen dogs underwent either control thoracotomy and chronic instrumentation(Group A) or cardiopulmonary bypass and 60 minutes of cold cardioplegic arrest (Group B). With the dogs conscious, hemodynamic variables and left ventricular studies were recorded weekly for 12 weeks postoperatively, both at rest and during volume overload with saline solution. At rest, the heart rate in Group B was 18% higher and stroke volume was 14% lower than Group A. With volume overload, cardiac output and maximum rate of rise of left ventricular pressure in Group B rose only from 3.7 +/- 0.6 to 7.1 +/- 0.8 liters per minute and 2,410 +/- 220 to 2,730 +/- 130 mm Hg per second, respectively, compared with 3.9 +/- 0.6 to 10.4 +/- 0.8 liters per minute and 2,740 +/- 230 to 3,890 +/- 350 mm Hg, respectively, in Group A (p less than 0.01). In Group B, the other variables reached a plateau sooner than in Group A (48 versus 110 seconds). The left ventricular function curve showed a mild decrease in functional capacity and depressed contractility. Therefore, one hour of cardioplegic cardiac arrest caused no depression of function at rest. Mild depression of left ventricular function was demonstrated up to 7 weeks postoperatively during acute volume overload.
From Quietism to Quiet Politics: Inheriting Emerson's Antislavery Testimony

While Ralph Waldo Emerson has been increasingly acknowledged as an American thinker influential in the evolution of nineteenth-century philosophy, his essays have largely failed to escape the charges of quietism and political apathy bestowed upon them in his lifetime. Yet if Emerson insisted on the importance of silence to the antislavery movement, it was perhaps due to his theory that one's deepest obligations become involuntarily part of the self and thus refuse to withstand representation in direct speech. My article reads Emerson's writing in this light, suggesting more broadly that the common notion that silence and politics are antithetical be reconsidered with regard to the possibility that what constitutes political speech need not be explicit — or even vocal.