cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Synthesis and Crystal Structure of an Iodobismuthate Incorporating Both a Cationic and Anionic Bi (III) Complex Ion

A new iodobismuthate of formula [BiI2(terpy)2][BiI4(terpy)] (terpy = 2,2′:6′,2′′-terpyridine), was prepared solvothermally in an ethanolic mixture composed of bismuth (III) iodide, terpy, and ruthenium (III) iodide. The compound crystallizes in the space group P $$ \bar{1} $$ , with Z = 2, a = 9.8491(4) A, b = 15.4181(7) A, c = 17.5323(8) A, α = 89.8140(10)°, β = 80.4160(10)°, γ = 77.9020(10)°. Single-crystal X-ray analysis reveals that the compound is composed of a [BiI2(terpy)2]+ cation and a [BiI4(terpy)]− anion. It is an uncommon example where an iodobismuthate cation and anion are simultaneously incorporated into the same crystal structure. A new iodobismuthate with bismuth-containing cations and anions was prepared and its crystal structure was determined.
Gravitational Lensing, Finite Galaxy Cores, and the Cosmological Constant

We reexamine the sensitivity of the optical depth for gravitational lensing of distant quasars to the role of finite galaxy core radii (including uncertainties), and the nature of the cosmological model used to calculate the redshift-distance relation, in order to examine limits on a possible nonzero cosmological constant. Particular attention is paid to how these factors affect differential and integrated optical depths in a flat universe
The value of plasma corticosteroid assays in the diagnosis of Cushing's disease in the dog

The value of measurements of plasma corticosteroids in the resting state and following dexamethasone suppression and adrenocorticotrophin stimulation in the differential diagnosis of canine Cushing’s disease has been studied. Resting plasma levels appear to be rarely of value. An overnight dexamethasone suppression test depresses plasma levels below 5 pg/lOO ml in normal but not in Cushing dogs. Marked increase in plasma levels occurs in Cushing dogs following sub-optimal adrenocorticotrophin stimulation but not in normal dogs. A comparison of a fluorimetric and a competitive protein binding method for the assay of dog plasma corticosteroids has been made.
Piecewise linear dimension reduction for nonnegative data

In past decade, the increasing popularity of imaging devices, especially smart phones, has led to a great increase in the amount of visual data. The rapidly increasing large scale data pose challenges to the storage and computational resources, and make many computer vision and pattern recognition tasks prohibitively expensive. Dimension reduction techniques explore hidden structures of the original high dimensional data and learn new low dimensional representation to alleviate the challenges. Popular dimension reduction techniques, such as PCA and NMF, do an efficient linear mapping to low dimensional space, while nonlinear techniques overcomes the limitation of linearity at the cost of expensive computational cost (e.g. computing the pairwise distance to find the geodesic distance). In this paper, a piecewise linear dimension reduction technique with global consistency and smoothness constraint is proposed to overcome the restriction of linearity at relatively low cost. Extensive experimental results show that the proposed methods outperform the linear method in the scenario of clustering both consistently and significantly.
A Study of Allusion: Barbey's Stendhal in "Le Rideau cramoisi"

This is the published version, also found here: http://www.jstor.org/stable/461526. This article has also been revised and reprinted by Rookwood Press, under the title "Allusion: A Literary Graft."
Thermodynamic Measurements and Modeling of

Measurements were made of (CO) pressure over at 1823, 1773, 1673, 1573, and 1473 K for various values of x, in the presence of as a solid solution of and , where ΔGxs> is represented by an expansion in two terms, the first of which is temperature-dependent. The model allows for the accurate prediction of chemical activities and phase equilibria in regions also containing , , - , and - (U).
Listening to distraction: a developmental study of selective attention.

One hundred eight children 8, 11, and 14 years old selected one auditory message from two (male-female voice cue). Retention of target and distracting words was tested. Fifty-four control Ss heard the target message alone. Contrary to some earlier studies, distraction hindered the target performance of younger children more than older children. In the experimental groups target retention increased linearly with age but distraction retention remained constant. Intrusions from the distracting message during the selection task decreased greatly with increasing age. These and other results were interpreted as showing that the superior selective listening performance of older children is due not to a greater ability to filter out distracting material at an early stage of processing, but in large part to an ability to inhibit intrusions from the distracting material during the selection task.
History Dependency in Daily Activity Participation and Time Allocation for Commuters

The role of history dependency in explaining activity-travel patterns of commuters is investigated. Specifically, the extent to which one day's activity engagement affects activity frequencies and activity durations of the next day is examined. The analysis uses 2-day activity survey data collected in 1996 in the San Francisco Bay area. Models of daily activity engagement and time allocation are estimated as a function of the previous day's activity pattern to understand day-to-day dependency in activity engagement. Results from the model estimation effort are used to draw conclusions about the extent to which history dependency exists (within a 2-day time frame) in modeling different activity types. The results suggest there is a strong positive history dependency in activity engagement between days within a 48-h time frame.
Formation of lithified micritic laminae in modern marine stromatolites: From study of Red Sea stromatolites: Perspective

A further series of field experiments was carried out in both pools inwhich the pH electrodes were permanently fixed just above the surface of the mats. The whole electrode assembly was shielded from waves and wind by a cylindrical metal The pH measurements for the experiments were carried out using a small portable pH meter and a gel-filled combined glass/reference electrode. The pH meter was calibrated between buffers of pH 4 and 7 and the electrode put into position before each measurement.
Force Spectroscopy Reveals Multiple “Closed States” of the Muscle Thin Filament

Tropomyosin (Tm) plays a critical role in regulating the contraction of striated muscle. The three-state model of activation posits that Tm exists in three positions on the thin filament: “blocked” in the absence of calcium when myosin cannot bind, “closed” when calcium binds troponin and Tm partially covers the myosin binding site, and “open” after myosin binding forces Tm completely off neighboring sites. However, we recently showed that actin filaments decorated with phosphorylated Tm are driven by myosin with greater force than bare actin filaments. This result cannot be explained by simple steric hindrance and suggests that Tm may have additional effects on actin-myosin interactions. We therefore tested the hypothesis that Tm and its phosphorylation state affect the rate at which single actin-myosin bonds form and rupture. Using a laser trap, we measured the time necessary for the first bond to form between actin and rigor heavy meromyosin and the load-dependent durations of those bonds. Measurements were repeated in the presence of subsaturating myosin-S1 to force Tm from the closed to the open state. Maximum bond lifetimes increased in the open state, but only when Tm was phosphorylated. While the frequency with which bonds formed was extremely low in the closed state, when a bond did form it took significantly less time to do so than with bare actin. These data suggest there are at least two closed states of the thin filament, and that Tm provides additional points of contact for myosin.
What we learn from quantitative ultraviolet spectroscopy of naked white dwarfs in cataclysmic variables

Abstract Using the Hopkins Ultraviolet Telescope and Hubble Space Telescope, observers have now obtained UV spectra with sufficient signal to noise and resolution to allow quantitative spectroscopic analyses of the WDs in several DNe. In the “cleanest” DNe, such as U Gem, the observations are allowing the basic physical parameters of the WD – temperature, radius, gravity, rotation rate, and surface abundances – to be established. A second component also exists in these systems, which may either be the disk or may be related to the WD itself. Here I summarize the current state of the observations and our understanding of the data, highlighting some of the uncertainties in the analyses as well the prospects for fundamentally advancing our understanding of DNe and WDs with future observations.
Association of age at diagnosis and ulcerative colitis phenotype.

Background Ulcerative colitis (UC) primarily affects young adults; however, 12% of patients are diagnosed at an advanced age. Previous studies report that older patients are less likely to have pancolitis and more likely to have distal disease location.
Influence of forbs and shrubs on nutrient digestion and balance in sheep fed grass hay

Eight Debouillet yearling wethers were used in a replicated 4 × 4 Latin square experiment to evaluate the influence of forb mix, a shrub mix and alfalfa (ALF) hay on nutrient utilization of a basal grass hay (GH; 1.21% N) diet. Wethers ate less (P 0.05) digestibility of dry matter, gross energy, or neutral detergent fiber but ADF digestibility was less (P 0.05) among all diets. Metabolizable energy (ME) values for diets in this experiment (1.23–1.45 kcal/g) were somewhat lower than those reported previously (1.6–1.9 kcal/g) for GH diets. Forb and ALF diets did not differ (P>0.05) in ME content (1.45 and 1.40 kcal/g) and both were greater (P<0.05) than the GH or GH+shrub diets (1.23 and 1.27 kcal/g). Based on these results, forbs and shrubs influence digestibility of most nutrients in GH in a manner similar to ALF. We conclude that shrubs and forbs used in this study can effectively serve as supplements for low-quality GH diets for livestock. Shrubs may have greater potential for improving efficiency of N utilization, whereas forb additions may potentially increase energy retention with GH diets.
Distributional change and conservation on the Andean flank: a palaeoecological perspective

Aim To review the insights that palaeoecology can offer on the threat posed to Andean communities by global climate change. Location The geographical focus is the eastern flank of the tropical Andes, with particular reference to Peru. Method The article presents a synthetic review of the problem.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Multidrug-Resistant Escherichia coli Strain LR09, Isolated from a Wastewater Treatment Plant

ABSTRACT We report the draft genome sequence of Escherichia coli O1:H6 strain LR09, which was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant and displays high resistance to five fluoroquinolone antimicrobials. The assembled data determine that the strain clusters with E. coli phylogroup F and harbors a plasmid conferring resistance to a broad spectrum of antibiotics.
2+ transition charge densities in Zn isotopes

Abstract We use coordinate-space RPA to calculate transition charge densities from the ground state to the first and the second 2 + states in the even Zn isotopes. Good agreement with measurement from recent electron scattering experiments is obtained for the first 2 + states, but not for the second.
Sodium spillage in large LMFBRS resulting from slug impact on the reactor cover

Abstract This study deals with the sodium spillage phenomenon as it relates to accident energetics and containment integrity. Sodium spillage has been identified as an important issue for large LMFBRs because of the large inventory of sodium present and the potential for energetic accidents. Energetic core-disruptive events leading to slug impact could open leak paths in the reactor cover and vent sodium into the secondary containment. Sodium fires in the containment building could lead to pressurization and thermal stressing of the surrounding structure and jeopardize containment integrity. The potential consequences of such a scenario have prompted the development of analytical tools to quantify the spillage process. One of the primary concerns in assessing the integrity of secondary containment is the amount and velocity of sodium which may be ejected from the primary vessel. A parametric study has been performed, the purpose of which was to study the sensitivity of sodium spillage to accident energetics. Treatment of the spillage process was accomplished with the ICECO code employing a quasi-Eulerian method. A 1000 MWe reactor, with prescribed leak paths, is modelled and analyzed during the slug impact phase. Leak paths are assumed to exist as annular penetrations in the reactor cover and as a gap at the vessel-head junction. The behavior of sodium spillage is investigated under conditions of different accident energetics, various opening sizes, and multiple leak paths, with both stationary and moving reactor covers. The relative influence of short and long term spillage is also addressed. During the transient period immediately following slug impact it was found that spillage from annular penetrations in the reactor cover is only weakly sensitive to changes in slug velocity. The same conclusion applies to spillage from a fixed gap at the vessel-head junction. Significant sensitivity of spillage to accident energetics was seen only in cases of spillage from the vessel-head junction when the reactor cover was movable. The influence of slug impact on the motion of the reactor cover leads to the conclusion that sodium spillage is most sensitive to accident energetics inasmuch as it affects the size of the leak path.
Author Studies: An Effective Strategy for Engaging Pre-Service Teachers in the Study of Children's Literature

I am really excited to share my author study with you today because I think he is a really cool guy and I think you are going to fall in love with him and his books as much as I did. This quote could have been heard in just about any elementary classroom. Or perhaps from a middle-schooler who had just discovered a new favorite author thanks to his latest author study assignment. But it wasn’t… it was spoken by a university student in her final year of classes.
Soliciting Strengths Systemically: The Use of Character Strengths in Couple and Family Therapy

Individuals typically come to therapy believing that they or their family members have a “problem” or enter treatment focusing on deficits. We believe that clients can benefit from therapy services...
Calculation of complex singular solutions to the 3D incompressible Euler equations

Abstract This paper presents numerical computations of complex singular solutions to the 3D incompressible Euler equations. The Euler solutions found here consist of a complex valued velocity field u + that contains all positive wavenumbers; u + satisfies the usual Euler equations but with complex initial data. The real valued velocity u = u + + u − (where u − = u ¯ + ) is an approximate singular solution to the Euler equations under Moore’s approximation. The method for computing singular solutions is an extension of that in Caflisch (1993) [25] for axisymmetric flow with swirl, but with several improvements that prevent the extreme magnification of round-off error which affected previous computations. This enables the first clean analysis of the singular surface in three-dimensional complex space. We find singularities in the velocity field of the form u + ∼ ξ α − 1 for α near 3/2 and u + ∼ log ξ , where ξ = 0 denotes the singularity surface. The logarithmic singular surface is related to the double exponential growth of vorticity observed in recent numerical simulations.
Intra-abdominal fat depots represent distinct immunomodulatory microenvironments: a murine model.

White adipose tissue (WAT) is a multi-faceted endocrine organ involved in energy storage, metabolism, immune function and disease pathogenesis. In contrast to subcutaneous fat, visceral fat (V-WAT) has been associated with numerous diseases and metabolic disorders, indicating specific functions related to anatomical location. Although visceral depots are often used interchangeably in V-WAT-associated disease studies, there has been a recent subdivision of V-WAT into “true visceral” and non-visceral intra-abdominal compartments. These were associated with distinct physiological roles, illustrating a need for depot-specific information. Here, we use FACS analysis to comparatively characterize the leukocyte and progenitor populations in the stromal vascular fraction (SVF) of peritoneal serous fluid (PSF), parametrial (pmWAT), retroperitoneal (rpWAT), and omental (omWAT) adipose tissue from seven-month old C57BL/6 female mice. We found significant differences in SVF composition between all four microenvironments. PSF SVF was comprised almost entirely of CD45+ leukocytes (>99%), while omWAT contained less, but still almost two-fold more leukocytes than pmWAT and rpWAT (75%, 38% and 38% respectively; p<0.01). PmWAT was composed primarily of macrophages, whereas rpWAT more closely resembled omWAT, denoted by high levels of B1 B-cell and monocyte populations. Further, omWAT harbored significantly higher proportions of T-cells than the other tissues, consistent with its role as a secondary lymphoid organ. These SVF changes were also reflected in the gene expression profiles of the respective tissues. Thus, intra-abdominal fat pads represent independent immunomodulatory microenvironments and should be evaluated as distinct entities with unique contributions to physiological and pathological processes.
Characterization of the Changes in Secondary Structure and Architecture of Elastin−Mimetic Triblock Polypeptides during Thermal Gelation

Vibrational spectroscopy and light scattering studies identify the conformational changes associated with gelation of elastin−mimetic triblock (EMT) copolymers. The EMT polypeptide is based on the VPGVG repeat of elastin and is constructed as a BAB triblock copolymer with relatively hydrophobic B-blocks. Laser Raman and ATR-FTIR spectroscopies probed changes in secondary structure associated with gelation in H2O and D2O. The amide I regions of these spectra suggest that the network-stabilizing interactions are intermolecular β-sheets with a significant fraction of the network containing β-turns and disordered structures. Peak frequency shifts in the ATR-FTIR spectra showed a conversion of extended hydrogen-bonded structures (polyproline II-like structures) to β-sheets during gelation. Molecular weights extrapolated through static light scattering at temperatures below the thermal transition were greater than for a single EMT chain. This suggests that some molecular organization exists prior to gelation, t...
Bound state dissociation in a quark- gluon plasma

Abstract The physical situation appropriate for heavy quarkonium bound states which survive a quark-gluon plasma phase produced in heavy ion collisions at high energy is examined. We find that during the plasma phase this must involve the quantum-mechanical time evolution of initially narrow wave packets with large relativistic momentum components which describe the individual quark motion in the screened potential. Such a description will produce substantially different results for the survival probabilities than those based on classical particle trajectories. One particular aspect is explored in detail using a one-dimensional model for illustration.
Reward reductions found more aversive by rats fed environmentally contaminated salmon

Pacific salmon stocked in Lake Ontario concentrate persistent toxic chemicals such as PCBs, DDT, DDE, mercury and dioxin. The present experiments support earlier findings that consumption of these salmon by laboratory rats increases their behavioral reactions to negative events. For 20 days rats were fed a diet consisting of 30% Lake Ontario salmon or a control diet of Pacific Ocean salmon or no salmon. They were then trained to run down an alley to receive a large 15-pellet or small 1-pellet food reward (6 trials/day). Following 72 trials the 15-pellet groups were shifted to 1 pellet for 90 trials, and showed a contrast (depression) effect: they ran more slowly than the groups always given 1 pellet. Rats previously fed Lake Ontario salmon showed a much larger contrast effect than the two control groups. These results were replicated in a second experiment, and a group fed a 10% diet of Lake Ontario salmon for 60 days showed the same size contrast effect as the group fed a 30% diet for 20 days.
ON OPTIMIZATION IN TUBULAR REACTOR SYSTEMS

The Laguerre polynomial approximation technique is employed in obtaining optimal control variable profiles in distributed parameter systems. The classic problem posed by Denn et al. (1966) is presented and optimal cooling flux profiles obtained by several methods are compared.
GABAergic inhibition contributes to pulse repetition rate-dependent frequency selectivity in the inferior colliculus of the big brown bat, Eptesicus fuscus.

Abstract This study examined the effect of bicuculline application on sharpness of frequency tuning curves (FTCs) of bat inferior collicular neurons plotted under three different pulse repetition rates (PRRs) of 10, 30 and 90 pulses per second. The sharpness of FTCs of collicular neurons, which was expressed in Q n ( Q 10 , Q 20 , Q 30 ) and bandwidths (90, 75 and 50% of the maximal response at the best frequency), improved with increasing PRR. However, this PRR-dependent frequency selectivity of collicular neurons was abolished during bicuculline application. This observation suggests that GABAergic inhibition contributes more effectively to sharpening of FTCs at higher than at lower PRRs.
Monoclonal murine anti‐dna antibody interacts with living mononuclear cells

A monoclonal mouse antibody, 4-B-5, that reacted with both single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) and double-stranded DNA showed direct reactivity and cell association with mouse thymocytes, as well as peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Absorption of 4-B-5 with peripheral blood mononuclear cells or with mouse thymocytes markedly reduced reactivity with both ssDNA and double-stranded DNA. However, treatment of mouse thymocytes or human T cells with DNase completely eliminated monoclonal anti-DNA reactivity with cells. The cellular reactivity was completely restored when monoclonal anti-DNA was incubated with DNase-treated cells in the presence of normal human serum. Normal human serum was found to contain 574 +/- 639 ng/ml of ssDNA. Coincubation or cell preincubation of mouse thymocytes with ssDNA produced a marked increase in 4-B-5 cell association. These findings indicate that mouse monoclonal anti-DNA can react with and can penetrate both mouse and human mononuclear cells, and that this reactivity may depend on the presence of cell membrane DNA on both types of target cells.
Electronic clocks for measuring grazing time of free-ranging cattle: A comparison with vibracorders and visual observations

Abstract Electronic grazing clocks appear to be promising devices for measuring the grazing time of free-ranging cattle. However, grazing clocks have not yet undergone extensive comparisons with currently accepted measuring techniques. This study used 5 yearling steers to compare grazing time measured by grazing clocks, vibracorders and visual observations. Each steer was fitted with both a grazing clock attached to a halter and a vibracorder mounted on the animal's neck. Concurrent visual observations were made at 10-min intervals throughout a continuous 60-h field trial. Measured grazing time did not differ ( P >0.05) among the techniques. Also, no technique × time period interaction existed ( P >0.05), implying that the 3 techniques were equally precise throughout the study. In an additional test, grazing time during 1-h active grazing periods did not differ ( P >0.05) as measured by grazing clocks and continuous visual observations recorded on stopwatches. Our results lend support to the usefulness of grazing clocks as devices for measuring the grazing time of free-ranging cattle.
Donizetti's Gothic Resurrections

Abstract The preponderance of gothic themes in Italian operas of the early nineteenth century is often cited as one of the few ways essentially conservative Italian composers flirted with the Romantic revolution sweeping the rest of Europe. By 1838, the very ubiquity of these tropes led the Venetian reviewer of Donizetti9s gory Maria de Rudenz to plead ““exhaustion”” with the ever-present ““daggers, poisons, and tombs”” of the contemporary stage. Based on the French melodrama La Nonne sanglante , Donizetti9s sensational opera is almost a litany of gothic tropes. The most disturbing of these is the female body that refuses to die: Maria herself, who rises from the dead to murder her innocent rival. This fleshy specter is musically rendered as a body that is too receptive to emotion, particularly to (imaginary) cries of longing or grief. Significantly, Donizetti9s foray into the gothic was also distinguished by a spate of self-borrowing; his 1838 revision of the earlier Gabriella di Vergy borrows material from Maria de Rudenz . Exploring the connections between the trope of gothic resurrection and Donizetti9s borrowings highlights how the two works represent a characteristic approach to the gothic, one that mingles a corporeal orientation with more familiar themes of ghostly immateriality.
Chondroprotective supplementation promotes the mechanical properties of injectable scaffold for human nucleus pulposus tissue engineering

Abstract A result of intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration, the nucleus pulposus (NP) is no longer able to withstand applied load leading to pain and disability. The objective of this study is to fabricate a tissue-engineered injectable scaffold with chondroprotective supplementation in vitro to improve the mechanical properties of a degenerative NP. Tissue-engineered scaffolds were fabricated using different concentrations of alginate and calcium chloride and mechanically evaluated. Fabrication conditions were based on structural and mechanical resemblance to the native NP. Chondroprotective supplementation, glucosamine (GCSN) and chondroitin sulfate (CS), were added to scaffolds at concentrations of 0:0 µg/mL (0:0-S), 125:100 µg/mL (125:100-S), 250:200 µg/mL (250:200-S), and 500:400 µg/mL (500:400-S), GCSN and CS, respectively. Scaffolds were used to fabricate tissue-engineered constructs through encapsulation of human nucleus pulposus cells (HNPCs). The tissue-engineered constructs were collected at days 1, 14, and 28 for biochemical and biomechanical evaluations. Confocal microscopy showed HNPC viability and rounded morphology over the 28 day period. MTT analysis resulted in significant increases in cell proliferation for each group. Collagen type II ELISA quantification and compressive aggregate moduli ( H A ) showed increasing trends for both 250:200-S and the 500:400-S groups on Day 28 with significantly greater H A compared to 0:0-S group. Glycosaminoglycan and water content decreased for all groups. Results indicate the increased mechanical properties of the 250:200-S and the 500:400-S was due to production of a functional matrix. This study demonstrated potential for a chondroprotective supplemented injectable scaffold to restore biomechanical function of a degenerative disc through the production of a mechanically functional matrix.
Using Electronic Response Systems in Economics Classes

Abstract College instructors and students participated in a pilot project at the University of Akron to enhance student learning through the use of a common teaching pedagogy, peer instruction. The teaching pedagogy was supported by the use of technology, an electronic personal response system, which recorded student responses. The authors report their experiences in using this technology-enhanced teaching pedagogy and provide another example of an active and collaborative learning tool that instructors can use to move beyond “chalk and talk.” Preliminary survey results from students participating in this pilot project are also reported.
Defective Cd3 Mediated Proliferation and Lps Responsiveness in Multiple Sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis [MS] is a chronic inflamatory disease of the central nervous system which has been postulated to be a T cell mediated disease. We examined proliferation of mononuclear cells to OKT3 mAb, Con A, ionomycin plus PMA and human myelin basic protein in subjects with relapsing-remitting and chronic progressive multiple sclerosis. Age and sex matched controls demonstrated a good proliferation to anti-CD3 mAb whereas subjects with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis showed a significantly decreased anti-CD3 mAb response. There was no difference in mitogen, ionomycin plus PMA or human MBP proliferation between controls and MS subjects. There was also a trend for decreasing anti-CD3 mAb proliferation in patients with chronic progressive multiple sclerosis compared to controls. LPS significantly decreased anti-CD3 mAb proliferation in controls but not in the MS subjects. An abnormality of signal transduction via the CD3 T-cell receptor complex in T cells and responsiveness to the immunomodulator...
Cavity QED with multiple hyperfine levels

We calculate the weak-driving transmission of a linearly polarized cavity mode strongly coupled to the D2 transition of a single cesium atom. Results are relevant to future experiments with microtoroid cavities, where the single-photon Rabi frequency g exceeds the excited-state hyperfine splittings, and photonic band-gap resonators, where g is greater than both the excited- and ground-state splitting.
Equivalence and perspectivity in Baer rings

Abstract For certain Baer ∗-rings A (including all von Neumann algebras), the lattice L ( A ) of idempotent-generated principal right ideals has the following property: for idempotents e , f in A , the ideals eA , fA are isomorphic as right A -modules if and only if there exist orthogonal decompositions e = e 1 + e 2 , f = f 1 + f 2 such that e i , f i are similar ( i = 1,2). The analogous result is proved for (von Neumann) regular right self-injective rings, and the similarity of idempotents e , f in A is related to the perspectivity of eA , fA in L ( A ).
Predictability of Ultralong Waves in Global and Hemispheric Quasi-Geostrophic Barotropic Models

A global quasi-geostrophic barotropic model, including orography, zonal forcing, and frictional dissipation, is compared to two hemispheric models, one with antisymmetric equatorial boundary conditions and one with symmetric boundary conditions. The stationary solutions in the global model and the hemispheric models are found to be different, because the hemispheric models lack either the symmetric or antisymmetric waves, and because the nonlinear feedbacks are much larger in the hemispheric models. Time-dependent calculations show that the hemispheric models can excite anomalous Rossby waves and can produce erroneous short-range forecasts in middle latitudes. It is concluded that global models are preferred for making both short-range and long-range forecasts for middle latitudes.
Quantifying Mitochondrial Dynamics in Apoptotic Cells with Optical Gabor-Like Filtering

We demonstrate a rapid throughput optical scatter method based on Gabor-like filtering to measure subcellular dynamics within single apoptotic cells. The technique is sensitive to a decrease in particle orientation consistent with apoptosis-induced mitochondrial fragmentation.
Counterion Condensation on Heparin Oligomers

The electropherogram of native heparin shows a broad distribution of mobilities μ, which truncates abruptly at a notably high μ = 4.7 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1. This highly skewed mobility distribution is also found for the 20-saccharide chain, which shows from mass spectrometry a more uniform (symmetrical) with respect to sulfation level. Since a partially degraded heparin exhibits oligomer peaks with μ> 5 × 10–4 cm2 V–1 s–1 (appearing to escape the limitation of the mobility value for native heparin), we examined the electrophoretic behavior of chain-length monodisperse heparin oligomers. Their mobilities varied inversely with the logarithm of the contour length, L, for L from 3 to 10 nm and reached an asymptotic limit for L > 20 nm. The generality of this effect was indicated by similar behavior for oligomers of poly(styrene sulfonate). A recent theory of polyelectrolyte end effects (Manning, G. S. Macromolecules2008, 41, 6217–6227), in which chain termini exhibit reduced counterion condensation was found to ...
Cultural implications of architectural mortar selection at Mesa Verde National Park, Colorado

Architectural mortar from two ancestral Pueblo sites (Spruce Tree House and Nordenskiold's Ruin 12) located in Mesa Verde National Park was investigated using visual, mineralogical, and geochemical techniques. Results indicate ancestral Pueblo people had a preference for mortars composed of sand and clay contents that produce a USDA textural class of sandy clay loam to clay loam. A temporal trajectory of soil selection is observed at Spruce Tree House, with mesa-top soils being preferred during the early period of occupation, but with soils below cliff dwellings preferred during later periods. Mortar geochemical composition is found to differ between cliff dwellings, and sometimes between households within a cliff dwelling, due to local soil differences and/or potential amendment additions. Results from Spruce Tree House indicate that contemporaneous households shared access to mortar sources. The prevalence and possible origins of gypsum found in mortar are discussed. Finally, this research examines the possibility that land tenure rights may have extended beyond those lands used exclusively for agricultural purposes. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Physicians' Involvement with the New York State Health Care Proxy.

This study examined physicians' attitude, involvement, and perceived barriers with the health care proxy. A cross sectional, correlational design was used to survey practicing physicians (N = 70). Physicians had positive attitudes toward the health care proxy and indicated that the most significant barriers to health care proxy completion were patient discomfort in discussing the topic, patient knowledge about the health care proxy, and timing of discussions. Physician involvement with the health care proxy included supporting patients' wishes on the health care proxy, initiating discussions with patients about the New York State (NYS) health care proxy, and advocating for patients' rights about the health care proxy. A multiple regression analysis was conducted to understand the factors that predicted overall physician involvement. End-of-life training was a significant predictor. Implications for training and education of physicians and multidisciplinary work with health care professionals, including so...
Maturation-Dependent Licensing of Naive T Cells for Rapid TNF Production

The peripheral naive T cell pool is comprised of a heterogeneous population of cells at various stages of development, which is a process that begins in the thymus and is completed after a post-thymic maturation phase in the periphery. One hallmark of naive T cells in secondary lymphoid organs is their unique ability to produce TNF rapidly after activation and prior to acquiring other effector functions. To determine how maturation influences the licensing of naive T cells to produce TNF, we compared cytokine profiles of CD4+ and CD8+ single positive (SP) thymocytes, recent thymic emigrants (RTEs) and mature-naive (MN) T cells during TCR activation. SP thymocytes exhibited a poor ability to produce TNF when compared to splenic T cells despite expressing similar TCR levels and possessing comparable activation kinetics (upregulation of CD25 and CD69). Provision of optimal antigen presenting cells from the spleen did not fully enable SP thymocytes to produce TNF, suggesting an intrinsic defect in their ability to produce TNF efficiently. Using a thymocyte adoptive transfer model, we demonstrate that the ability of T cells to produce TNF increases progressively with time in the periphery as a function of their maturation state. RTEs that were identified in NG-BAC transgenic mice by the expression of GFP showed a significantly enhanced ability to express TNF relative to SP thymocytes but not to the extent of fully MN T cells. Together, these findings suggest that TNF expression by naive T cells is regulated via a gradual licensing process that requires functional maturation in peripheral lymphoid organs.
Hard x-ray spectrometer for hot electron measurements on the National Ignition Facility

The upcoming National Ignition Campaign (NIC) on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) will attempt to achieve fusion ignition and gain using a ≈1 MJ laser-driven hohlraum. In order to maintain the fuel on a low enough adiabat so it reaches adequate compressed areal density, the amount of ≫ 170 keV hot electrons generated, those that can penetrate to the DT fuel [1] has to be below 0.25 J for the first 7 ns of the drive pulse, and stay below 500 J during the peak of the pulse at 13 ns. On the NIF, hot electron spectra and yields are inferred from the ≪ 20 keV bremsstrahlung spectrum generated by the hot electrons depositing energy in the hohlraum walls using an absolutely calibrated Filter-Fluorescer (FFLEX) diagnostic [2]. An early version of FFLEX successfully characterized 20 – 120 keV brems-strahlung spectra generated by electrons having 30 keV temperature on vacuum hohlraum experiments using 4 NIF beams [3]. For the upcoming NIC experiments, however, the FFLEX must be capable of measuring x-ray spectra above 170 keV characteristic of electrons above that energy. We propose high energy (100 – 300 keV) channel upgrades that will allow us to estimate the generated hot electron populations with the required accuracy.
Glottal Airflow Resistance in Excised Pig, Sheep, and Cow Larynges

This study was to investigate glottal flow resistance in excised pig, sheep, and cow larynges during phonation at different oscillation ranges and to examine the relation of the glottal flow resistance to the laryngeal geometry and vocal fold vibration. Several pig, sheep, and cow larynges were prepared, mounted on an excised larynx bench, and set into oscillation with pressurized, heated, and humidified air. Glottal adduction was controlled by either using two-pronged probes to press the arytenoids together, or by passing a suture to simulate the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle action. Each excised larynx was subjected to a series of pressure-flow experiments, with adduction and flow rate as independent variables. The subglottal pressure, fundamental frequency, and glottal flow resistance were treated as dependent variables. The subglottal pressure, electroglottograph (EGG), and flow rate signals were recorded during each experiment. Glottal flow resistance was calculated from the pressure and flow signals, whereas the EGG signal was used to extract fundamental frequency. Preliminary data indicated a nonlinear behavior in the pressure-flow relations of these larynges with increasing glottal resistance due to increases in adduction. The average glottal flow resistance was 35.3+/-14.8 cmH(2)O/(L/s) for the pig, 30.8+/-17.5 cmH(2)O/(L/s) for the sheep, and 26.9+/-14.9 cmH(2)O/(L/s) for the cow.
How Does National Culture Impact Internalization Benefits in Cross‐Border Mergers and Acquisitions?

We examine how cultural differences between bidder and target countries impact internalization benefits in cross-border takeovers. The value of internalizing intangible assets may increase if cultural differences create high transaction costs. On the other hand, integration difficulties between culturally distant acquirers and targets may reduce the value of internalization. Our results show that greater cultural distance (CD) has a positive influence on the long-run performance of bidders with high intangibles, suggesting that significant internalization benefits from technological know-how are realized when CD is great. These findings highlight the importance of national culture when examining internalization benefits in cross-border mergers.
Researcher as Artist/Artist as Researcher

This is a postmodern article that is nontraditional in its form, content, and mode of representation. Upon recognizing that we share interests and common experiences as artists, we decided to colle...
César Roux and His Original 1893 Paper

The Roux-en-Y type of gastrointestinal anastomosis, originated by the Swiss surgeon Cesar Roux, is a valuable technique used in drainage of the stomach, esophagus, and the pancreatico-biliary tree. It is now frequently used in reconstructing the GI tract after resections for a number of diseases, and known by the general public due to its importance in bariatric surgery. This article presents, along with a brief biographical sketch, an English translation and discussion of Roux's original 1893 French report on gastrointestinal surgery that was published in Revue de Chirurgie.
Management of the Patient Who Has Been Resuscitated From Sudden Cardiac Death

CD is a 68-year-old man who had an anterior myocardial infarction 6 months ago. Evaluation at that time demonstrated an occluded left anterior descending artery, which was successfully stented with no other significant lesions. Left ventricular ejection fraction was 35%. He had no recurrent angina or heart failure symptoms. Early one morning he lost consciousness. Paramedics verified ventricular fibrillation (VF) and provided effective defibrillation within 5 minutes; spontaneous circulation returned before transfer to the hospital. Sudden cardiac death claims 300 000 to 450 000 lives a year in the United States and represents approximately 50% of all cardiac death.1–3⇓⇓ Despite recent declines in age-adjusted cardiac mortality and sudden death risk, the overall incidence has remained relatively stable as our population ages.3 Coronary heart disease is present in the majority (70% to 80%) of patients with sudden death, but cardiac arrest is the first manifestation of this underlying process in 50%.4 Resuscitation rates are very low, averaging from 1% to 3% in most major cities.2,5⇓ There are some data to suggest that focused attempts to reduce the time to effective defibrillation, with improved training of first responders or more widespread availability of automatic external defibrillators, provide some hope for the future. It is a widely held belief that the majority of sudden death events are due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) that degenerates into VF (Figure 1).6 This idea may well reflect our greater experience in observing patients with structural heart disease and prior myocardial infarction. Acute severe ischemia may cause primary polymorphic VT even in the absence of preexisting structural heart disease. Autopsy studies document acute changes in coronary morphology (such as plaque rupture, thrombus, etc) in >50% of sudden death events.7 Severe bradyarrhythmias or electromechanical dissociation probably represent an important …
Oxidative desulfurization of fuels using ionic liquids: A review? ?

Extractive oxidation, wherein aromatic sulfurcontaining compounds are extracted and subsequently oxidized to their corresponding sulfones, has proven to be one of the most effective desulfurization methods for producing ultra-low sulfur content fuels. As non-volatile and highly designable solvents, ionic liquids (ILs) have attracted considerable attention for the oxidative desulfurization of fuels. In this review, we systematically discuss the utility of ILs in catalytic and extractive oxidation, including their role as extractant, catalyst, or both. We also discuss the challenges facing the use of ILs in this regard, including their relatively high cost and excessive viscosity, as well as their efficiency and stability as catalyst. Open image in new window
Estimating optimal profiles of genetic alterations using constraint‐based models

Metabolic engineering involves application of recombinant DNA methods to manipulate metabolic networks to improve cellular properties. It is critical that the genetic alterations be performed in an optimal manner to maximize profit. In addition to the product yield, productivity consideration is also critical, especially for the production of bulk chemicals such as 1,3-propanediol. In this work, we demonstrate that it is suboptimal from the standpoint of productivity to induce genetic alteration at the start of the production process. A bi-level optimization scheme is formulated to determine the optimal temporal flux profile for the manipulated reaction. In the first case study, an optimal flux in the reaction catalyzed by glycerol kinase is determined to maximize the glycerol production at the end of a 6-h batch cultivation of Escherichia coli under aerobic conditions. The final glycerol concentration is 30% higher for the optimal flux profile compared with having an active flux during the entire batch. The effect of the mass transfer coefficient on the optimal profile and the glycerol concentration is also determined. In the second case study, the anaerobic batch fermentation of the ldh(-) strain of Escherichia coli is considered. The optimal flux in the acetate pathway is determined to maximize the final ethanol concentration. The optimal flux results in higher ethanol concentration (11.92 mmol L(-1)) compared to strains with no acetate flux (8.36 mmol L(-1)) and fully active acetate flux (6.22 mmol L(-1)). We also examine the effects of growth inhibition due to high ethanol concentrations and variations in final batch time on ethanol production.
Improved transient oscillation detection with multiwavelets

Multiwavelets have recently been used for analysis of transient oscillations. Here we use them for transient oscillation detection by incorporating them into two existing Morlet-based self-normalizing detectors, one that operates on a single time series and another on two correlated time series. The Morlet-based detectors are effective in detecting weak, transient oscillations, especially in strong clutter where FFT based methods fail. Simulated receiver operating curves reveal that the new multiwavelet detectors show marked improvement when applied to complex, transient oscillations in white Gaussian noise and 60 dB clutter. At 0.1% false alarm rate for a (signal on) signal to noise ratio of 0.25, detection rates are: 95.5% and 99.6% for the single and dual time series detectors, respectively. These compare to 75% and 95.5% for the Morlet wavelet detectors.
Inactivity detection on an ISDN B-channel

A description is given of an idle detection scheme that could be used when a logical link, using one of several types of synchronous layer-2 protocols, is set up on a B-channel. Once an inactivity state is detected, there are various actions that might be taken. The author describes how an ISDN D-channel information message could be used for alerting a terminal user when this user's logical link to a remote computer appears to be inactive. >
Cylindrical indentation induced deformation in face-centered cubic metal single crystals

We investigate the deformation field induced by a cylindrical indentation on a face-centered cubic single crystal of aluminum or copper. We first present experimental measurements of the load‐displacement curve and the crystal lattice rotation field (under plane strain condition) of an aluminum single crystal subject to indentation, together with related results for a copper crystal. Next, finite element simulations of the lattice rotation and displacement field associated with the cylindrical indentation are provided. The numerical and experimental results about lattice rotation features are compared with theoretical predictions based on the single crystal plasticity. Finally, the displacement fields obtained from the numerical solutions and experiments are compared. Both electron backscatter diffraction experiments using scanning electron microscopy and finite element simulations show the existence of different slip sector boundaries in the single crystals, in agreement with theoretical predictions of active slip systems and dislocation structures.