cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Quantitative 1H NMR. Development and Potential of an Analytical Method: An Update

Covering the literature from mid-2004 until the end of 2011, this review continues a previous literature overview on quantitative 1H NMR (qHNMR) methodology and its applications in the analysis of natural products. Among the foremost advantages of qHNMR is its accurate function with external calibration, the lack of any requirement for identical reference materials, a high precision and accuracy when properly validated, and an ability to quantitate multiple analytes simultaneously. As a result of the inclusion of over 170 new references, this updated review summarizes a wealth of detailed experiential evidence and newly developed methodology that supports qHNMR as a valuable and unbiased analytical tool for natural product and other areas of research.
A highly selective fluorescent sensor for glucosamine

A new fluorescent chemical sensor for glucosamine is reported. The sensor is based on a boronic acid-containing coumarin aldehyde and shows excellent selectivity for glucosamine by forming a boronic ester with the sugar diol as well as an iminium ion with the amine group of glucosamine. The sensor successfully discriminates glucosamine over other similar biomolecules in terms of both fluorescence intensity and binding affinity. This method provides a new concept for the design and synthesis of very selective turn-on optical sensors for selective detection of multi-functional biomolecules.
A Single Chip Station Memory System With Difmos Non-Volatile Memory

A single chip voltage synthesizer tuning system with on-chip non-volatile memory is discussed. System interfacing circuits are outlined, and the chip architecture and operation are described. The design of the non-volatile memory using DIFMOS technology is overviewed, and its performance is summarized.
Ontogeny of hepatic type I insulin-like growth factor receptors in the rat.

ABSTRACT: We studied the pre- and postnatal developmental regulation of the hepatic type I IGF receptor in the rat. Fetal rat liver membranes bound IGF-I throughout the latter part of gestation (d 17 to 21). After birth, binding diminished rapidly, reaching barely detectable levels by the 13th postnatal d. However, the presence of type I IGF receptors was readily demonstrated by affinity-labeling throughout the immediate postnatal period and in adult rats. Furthermore, IGF-I-dependent autophosphorylation of type I receptors could be seen in both fetal and adult liver membranes. Fasting for 48 h in adult rats led to a 2-to 3-fold increase in affinity-labeled type I IGF receptors. In contrast, nutrient deprivation to the fetus, via maternal fasting, did not alter fetal hepatic IGF-I binding or affinity-labeling of the type I receptor. These results support a role for the IGF and the type I IGF receptor in the autocrine/paracrine regulation of hepatic growth through the latter stages of gestation in the rat. The demonstration of enzy-matically active type I IGF receptors in adult liver, and their increased expression in fasted adult rats is consistent with an autocrine/paracrine role for hepatic IGF-I in the adult.
Colonic electrical stimulation regulates colonic transit via the nitrergic pathway in rats

Gastrointestinal electrical stimulation has been proposed for the treatment of gastrointestinal motor disorders. However, little is known about potential roles of colonic electrical stimulation (CES). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and mechanism of CES on colonic transit in conscious rats. Male rats (N = 14) were equipped with a pair of colonic serosal electrodes for stimulation and a catheter in the colon. Colonic transit was assessed in four randomized sessions with or without CES and with or without nitric oxide synthesis blocker, L-NNA, by calculating the output of phenol red from the anus every 10 min for 90 min. Results were as follows. (1) CES with trains of short pulses significantly enhanced colonic transit. Colonic emptying was 57.3 ± 6.1% in the control session and 81.9 ± 4.6% with CES at 90 min, reflecting a 43% increase. (2) L-NNA delayed colonic transit compared with saline and prevented the accelerative effect of CES on colonic transit. We conclude that CES has an excitatory effect on colonic transit and this excitatory effect may be mediated via the nitrergic pathway.
Potency-Sparing Radical Retropubic Prostatectomy: A Simplified Anatomical Approach

A simplified method of nerve sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy for clinical stage T2a prostate cancer is described based on primary isolation of both neurovascular bundles and secondary division of the urethra, with the puboprostatic ligaments undivided to provide suspension of the deep venous complex above the urethra. The principles for this approach after division of the deep vein complex are based on early unilateral incision of the prostatic fascia laterally, parallel to the ipsilateral neurovascular bundle and extending from the proximal prostate to the urethra; separation of anterior (prostatic) and posterior (rectal) Denonilliers' fascia, which leaves the neurovascular bundle invested in the latter tissue; perforation and incision of contralateral prostatic fascia at its urethroprostatic angle, with cranial extension of the fascial opening dropping the ipsilateral neurovascular bundle invested in its fascia (Denonvilliers' posterior), and anastomotic division of the urethra at its entrance into the prostate.
Transient effects in homonuclear double resonance

Abstract The effect of transient excitation on homonuclear double resonance spectra of spin 1 2 nuclei is investigated. An analysis is given which accurately describes the experimental results presented. The signal received at the irradiation frequency is experimentally verified to be due to a spin transition, and not due to “decoupler breakthrough.” Stationary states calculated by combining spin and quantized radiation states in the laboratory reference frame are used to facilitate the transition probability calculation.
TU‐D‐BRB‐01: PET/CT Guided Dose Redistribution for HDR Interstitial Brachytherapy of Cervical Cancer

Purpose: Advances in functional imaging may allow identification and targeting of tumor sub‐volumes based on their biological characteristics, allowing selective boosting of dose to radio‐resistant sub‐volumes during treatment planning. The purpose of this study was to redistribute high dose regions toward the PET‐hot regions as identified on PET/CT images during High‐Dose‐Rate (HDR) brachytherapy for cervical cancer while maintaining a clinically acceptable DVH. Material and Methods: FDG‐PET and CTimages were acquired and registered. The tumor volume was contoured and segmented into sub‐volumes based on their Standardized Uptake Values (SUV) in PET images. The sub‐volumes with higher SUV were considered metabolically active and therefore required higher radiation dose. The integral tumor was prescribed a uniform dose from external beams followed by a boost dose delivered by HDR interstitial brachytherapy. The HDR treatment plan was optimized using a home‐brew software implementation of an Adaptive Simulated Annealing (ASA) algorithm. The tumordose was then redistributed by increasing and decreasing the prescription dose to sub‐volumes with higher and lower SUV respectively such that the integral tumor prescription dose was kept constant. A routine cervical cancer case with both uniform and PET‐guided plans is presented. Both plans were optimized based on a generalized Equivalent Uniform Dose (gEUD) cost function and renormalized to V100=95% of prescribed dose to the integral PTV. Their isodose distributions and DVHs were compared. Results: The PET‐guided plan had larger hot spots in and near the PET sub‐volume while the DVH of PTV was kept the same as that of the uniformly prescribed plan. Doses to critical organs were also reduced in the PET‐guided plan. Conclusions: The approach described used PET/CT imaging guiding dose redistribution within PTV so that the hot spots encompass metabolically active tumor sub‐volumes. An IRB approved treatment protocol is underway to study the clinical efficiency of this approach.
Switching of G-protein Usage by the Calcium-sensing Receptor Reverses Its Effect on Parathyroid Hormone-related Protein Secretion in Normal Versus Malignant Breast Cells

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaR) is a G-protein-coupled receptor that signals in response to extracellular calcium and regulates parathyroid hormone secretion. The CaR is also expressed on normal mammary epithelial cells (MMECs), where it has been shown to inhibit secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein (PTHrP) and participate in the regulation of calcium and bone metabolism during lactation. In contrast to normal breast cells, the CaR has been reported to stimulate PTHrP production by breast cancer cells. In this study, we confirmed that the CaR inhibits PTHrP production by MMECs but stimulates PTHrP production by Comma-D cells (immortalized murine mammary cells) and MCF-7 human breast cancer cells. We found that changes in intracellular cAMP, but not phospholipase C or MAPK signaling, correlated with the opposing effects of the CaR on PTHrP production. Pharmacologic stimulation of cAMP accumulation increased PTHrP production by normal and transformed breast cells. Inhibition of protein kinase A activity mimicked the effects of CaR activation on inhibiting PTHrP secretion by MMECs and blocked the effects of the CaR on stimulating PTHrP production in Comma-D and MCF-7 cells. We found that the CaR coupled to Gαi in MMECs but coupled to Gαs in Comma-D and MCF-7 cells. Thus, the opposing effects of the CaR on PTHrP production are because of alternate G-protein coupling of the receptor in normal versus transformed breast cells. Because PTHrP contributes to hypercalcemia and bone metastases, switching of G-protein usage by the CaR may contribute to the pathogenesis of breast cancer.
Prostaglandin E1 effects on cyclic AMP and glycogen metabolism in rat liver.

Abstract Prostaglandins E1 or E2 (PGE1, PGE2) 1 stimulated adenylate cyclase(s) from particulate fractions of whole liver homogenates 5- to 6-fold, but caused only slight (1.5- to 2-fold) stimulation of the enzyme from homogeneous hepatocytes. In contrast, glucagon stimulated enzyme from hepatocytes 12- to 15-fold and enzyme from whole liver 8- to 10-fold. Accordingly, most of the total prostaglandin-sensitive adenylate cyclase in cell suspensions was recovered in fractions containing non-parenchymal cells, and most of the total glucagon-sensitive activity was recovered with hepatocytes. PGE1 did not change adenosine-3′,5′-monophosphate (cyclic AMP) concentrations, or alter cyclic AMP increases caused by glucagon in hepatocytes. Glucagon consistently increased hepatocyte cyclic AMP concentrations and stimulated glycogenolysis by 35 to 40%. PGE1 did not affect basal or glucagon-stimulated glycogenolysis in the intact cells.
The Curvature of dA Tracts Is Temperature Dependent

The curvature of dA tracts has been proposed to be important in the recognition, packaging, and regulation of DNA. The effects of dA tracts on the gel mobility, rate of cyclization, and other properties of DNA have been extensively studied. The consensus value for the curvature induced by a single dA tract is about 18°. There are two main competing models for the origin of the curvature of dA tracts. One model assigns the central role to sequence-dependent steric clashes and the other to sequence dependent interactions with cations. The temperature dependence of the shape functions, the molecule specific part of the diffusion coefficients, of a set of six DNAs has been examined here. The set contains DNAs with dA tracts in or out of phase with respect to the helical repeat as well as those with scrambled dA-dT regions. The results show that the curvature of dA tracts is highly temperature dependent and that the curvature is largely melted out by 40 °C. The curvature melts out before there is significant p...
Behavioral and neurochemical effects of repeated administration of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol in rats

Abstract The effects of repeated administrations of Δ 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol (THC, 10 mg/kg i.p. twice daily at 8-hr interval) were investigated on spontaneous motor activity (SMA) in 2.5 hr daily sessions and on the levels of various neurotransmitters (e.g. norepinephrine, NE; dopamine, DA; serotonin, 5-HT) in different brain areas such as caudate nucleus (CN), pons-medulla (PM) and diencephalon-midbrain (DM) in rats. After a single dose of the drug, the SMA of rats decreased during the first hour postdrug along with a decrease of DA levels in the CN and DM and NE levels in the DM and PM, and increase of 5-HT levels in the DM and PM. Following repeated daily administration, the SMA gradually decreased during the first hour postdrug to a minimum on day 5, and then increased beyond the normal level on day 8 reaching its peak on day 10. The SMA then decreased again and remained close to the normal level on day 15 onwards. Concomitantly, DA and NE levels decreased to their minimum, and 5-HT levels increased to their maximum in the respective brain areas on day 5; the levels of neurotransmitters then gradually approached their normal up to day 15. Thus, during the first hour after repeated administration of THC, the changes in behavioral depression can be correlated to the changes in the brain neurotransmitter levels. During the second hour of THC action, SMA was enhanced. On its repeated administration, this increase was gradually reduced up to day 6 after which SMA was again increased to its peak between day 8 and day 10 and then decreased. These behavioral changes could also be correlated with the changes in DA and 5-HT levels in the brain areas during the second hour postdrug after repeated administration.
CLONING AND CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MOUSE INTERLEUKIN ENHANCER BINDING FACTOR 3 (ILF3) HOMOLOG IN A SCREEN FOR RNA BINDING PROTEINS

In a screen for RNA-binding proteins expressed during murine spermatogenesis, we have identified a cDNA that encodes a protein of 911 amino acids that contains two copies of the double-stranded RNA-binding motif and has 80% identity with human Interleukin Enhancer Binding Factor 3 (ILF3). Linkage and cytogenetic analyses localized the Ilf3 cDNA to a portion of mouse Chr 9, which shows conserved synteny with a region of human Chr 19 where the human ILF3 gene had been previously localized, supporting that we had cloned the murine homolog of ILF3. Northern analysis indicated the Ilf3 gene is ubiquitously expressed in mouse adult tissues with high levels of expression in the brain, thymus, testis, and ovary. Polyclonal antibodies detected multiple protein species in a subset of the tissues expressing Ilf3 RNA. Immunoreactive species are present at high levels in the thymus, testis, ovary, and the spleen to a lesser extent. The high degree of sequence similarity between the mouse ILF3 protein and other dsRNA binding motif-containing proteins suggests a role in RNA metabolism, while the differential expression indicates the mouse ILF3 protein predominantly functions in tissues containing developing lymphocyte and germ cells.
Fisher Information, Entropy, and the Second and Third Laws of Thermodynamics

We propose Fisher information as a new calculable thermodynamic property that can be shown to follow the second and third laws of thermodynamics. However, Fisher information is qualitatively different from entropy and potentially possesses much more structure. Hence, a mathematical expression is derived for computing the Fisher information of a system of many molecules from the canonical partition function. This development is further illustrated through the derivation of Fisher information expressions for a pure ideal gas and an ideal gas mixture. Some of the unique properties of Fisher information are then explored through the classic experiment of the isochoric mixing of two ideal gases. Note that, although the entropy of isochorically mixing two ideal gases is always positive and is dependent only on the respective mole fractions of the two gases, the Fisher information of mixing has far more structure, involving the mole numbers, molecular masses, temperature, and volume. Although the application of Fisher information to molecular systems is clearly in its infancy, it is hoped that the present work will catalyze further investigation into a new and truly unique line of thought on thermodynamics. The second law of thermodynamics is based on entropy. The second law states that the total entropy of an isolated system increases over time, approaching a maximum value as time goes to infinity. Entropy in the truest classical sense applies to systems in equilibrium as defined by Clausius, Caratheodory, and others for the case of heat engines with the expression dS ) δQ T (1) where dS is the change in entropy caused by the flow of heat δQ into the system at temperature T. From the microscopic statistical thermodynamics point of view, entropy was defined by Boltzmann as S ) κ ln Ω (2) which can be shown to be equal to Shannon information, which is given by
Circadian feeding and drinking patterns of genetically obese mice fed solid chow diet

Abstract Feeding and drinking were recorded in male ob/ob mice and lean mice fed pelleted Purina Lab Chow No. 5001 with water to drink. The circadian patterns of eating and drinking of obese mice differed from those of lean mice, in both the proportional temporal distributions of feeding and of drinking behavior across the 24-hour day and in the absolute amounts consumed hourly. The pattern of increased food consumption by the obese mice was different than that underlying increased water consumption. When meal parameters were analyzed in terms of ‘complete meals’ of both feeding and drinking (the end of a meal defined as at least 12 consecutive minutes with no ingestion), obese and lean mice had the same number of meals and their periodicity was similar, but meal size was much greater in the obese mice. In the dark, both obese and lean mice showed strong postprandial correlations of meal size with time from the start of a meal to start of the next meal.
Metal artifact reduction image reconstruction algorithm for CT of implanted metal orthopedic devices: a work in progress

Introduction Despite recent advances in CT technology, metal orthopedic implants continue to cause significant artifacts on many CT exams, often obscuring diagnostic information. We performed this prospective study to evaluate the effectiveness of an experimental metal artifact reduction (MAR) image reconstruction program for CT.
Religious Attendance and Happiness: Examining Gaps in the Current Literature—A Research Note

Two major gaps exist in research examining the positive association between religious attendance and happiness. First, scholars have argued that this association may be because of people's perceived relationship with God or the social cohesion one experiences with other parishioners, but scholars have not studied both pathways simultaneously. Using nationally representative cross-sectional data (General Social Survey), I first examine the influence of one's perceived relationship with God and one's perceived social cohesion within the religious community on happiness. One's perceived relationship with God is more strongly associated with happiness than is social cohesion. Second, scholars overwhelmingly use religious attendance as the independent variable, with happiness as the dependent variable. Using two waves of data from a nationally representative panel study (National Survey of Families and Households), I then examine the relationship between religious attendance and happiness over time, finding that religious attendance has a greater effect on happiness than happiness has on religious attendance.
Transport and degradation characteristics of methotrexate dialkyl ester prodrugs across tape-stripped hairless mouse skin

Abstract A series of methotrexate dialkyl esters were examined with respect to their permeability across tape-stripped hairless mouse skin. The dialkyl esters showed a parabolic permeability versus side chain length relationship with the dimethyl ester being the most permeable compound. These compounds were also found to undergo an increased degree of degradation with increased ester chain length during the diffusion process, while with substantially reduced degradation occuring with the branched chain diisopropyl ester. No measurable methotrexate was formed during the course of the experiment, apparently due to the chemical and enzymatic stability of the intermediate α- and -γ-monoesters.
On the pair correlation of the eigenvalues of the hyperbolic Laplacian for PSL(2,Z)⧹H

Let H be the upper half plane and X=PSL(2,Z)⧹H the corresponding modular surface. The eigenvalues of the hyperbolic Laplacian, Δ, on X are denoted by λj=1/4+tj2. For α>0 and T⩾2 let E(α,T)=∑0<tje−tj2T2cos(αTtj). In this paper, we evaluate E(α,T) by means of the Selberg trace formula. Since the contribution to the Selberg trace formula from the hyperbolic conjugacy classes is not manageable, we have the result that the Selberg trace formula, the seemingly natural tool to use to attack the pair correlation problem, does not yield meaningful results when used with a natural choice of test function. In combining the results in this paper with the results in Part II, substantial evidence is presented to indicate that the Selberg trace formula may not be the natural tool to use to attack the problem, after all.
The genetic implications of biological and cultural structuring processes during hominid evolution

Human populations are genetically structured through biological reproduction but reproduction is socially structured through culturally expressed systems of marriage, hence the need to take into account the cultural dimension of human societies when considering the genetic structure of modern human populations. The interplay between these two structuring processes is examined through the implications of a biologically based primate form of social organization versus a culturally based foraging form of social organization for an anomaly between the genetic differentiation implied by micro-evolutionary genetic models versus the species-wide pattern of morphological change implied by hominid fossil evidence. Simulation is used to derive the pattern for genetic differentiation at the level of the living group for both forms of social organization and a competition model is added to the genetic model as a way to resolve the anomaly. The importance of the competition model for the transition from a biologically based to a culturally based form of social organization is discussed.
Wireless remote control clinical image workflow: utilizing a PDA for offsite distribution

Last year we presented in RSNA an application to perform wireless remote control of PACS image distribution utilizing a handheld device such as a Personal Digital Assistant (PDA). This paper describes the clinical experiences including workflow scenarios of implementing the PDA application to route exams from the clinical PACS archive server to various locations for offsite distribution of clinical PACS exams. By utilizing this remote control application, radiologists can manage image workflow distribution with a single wireless handheld device without impacting their clinical workflow on diagnostic PACS workstations. A PDA application was designed and developed to perform DICOM Query and C-Move requests by a physician from a clinical PACS Archive to a CD-burning device for automatic burning of PACS data for the distribution to offsite. In addition, it was also used for convenient routing of historical PACS exams to the local web server, local workstations, and teleradiology systems. The application was evaluated by radiologists as well as other clinical staff who need to distribute PACS exams to offsite referring physician’s offices and offsite radiologists. An application for image workflow management utilizing wireless technology was implemented in a clinical environment and evaluated. A PDA application was successfully utilized to perform DICOM Query and C-Move requests from the clinical PACS archive to various offsite exam distribution devices. Clinical staff can utilize the PDA to manage image workflow and PACS exam distribution conveniently for offsite consultations by referring physicians and radiologists. This solution allows the radiologist to expand their effectiveness in health care delivery both within the radiology department as well as offisite by improving their clinical workflow.
Action Spectrum of Ultraviolet Light-Induced Damage to Nuclear Dna In Vivo*

Antiserum against UV-irradiated DNA was used as a specific reagent in an indirect immunofluorescent technique to detect photochemically damaged DNA in skin. Hairless mice were irradiated with different wavelengths of monochromatic UV radiation, killed immediately after irradiation and the skin examined for photochemical DNA lesions in cell nuclei with the immunofluorescent technique. UV radiation from 254 to 300 nm was effective in producing photochemically damaged DNA in cell nuclei of the epidermis of irradiated hairless mice. However, at 310 nm approximately four times more radiant energy was required than at the shorter wavelengths to produce photochemically damaged nuclear DNA.
Heat distribution and flash temperatures in radial seals

Abstract A method is described for the calculation of the flash temperatures in radial fluid seals during dry friction of the rotating shaft on the stationary seal. For a particular case of practical interest, diagrams are given for the hand computation of the flash temperatures. It was found that previous models can introduce considerable error in this calculation.
Exact vacuum solutions of the Einstein equations

The vacuum Einstein equations for the Kerr-Schild metric are investigated. It is shown that they admit representation in the form of the double four-dimensional curl of the perturbation of the Euclidean metric, whereupon it is possible to note certain general directions in which to seek exact solutions. For spaces with a normal isotropic geodesic congruence the GR equations are rewritten with the application of a dyadic splitting of the metric; cases of two-dimensional subspaces of constant curvature are discussed. The investigation is illustrated by the exact nonstationary algebraic type N and anti-Schwarzschild solutions.
The chemistry of insect hemolymph. II. Trehalose and other carbohydrates.

α,α-Trehalose, a sugar previously regarded as a product characteristic of certain lower plants, has been identified as a major blood sugar of insects. Trehalose has been isolated in pure form from the blood of pupae of the silk moth, Telea polyphemus, and has been recognized chromatographically in all the insects examined, which comprise 10 species belonging to 5 different orders. Trehalose has been determined quantitatively with anthrone after either chromatographic separation or chemical degradation of other sugars. In larvae and pupae of 4 species of Lepidoptera it ranges from 0.2 to 1.5 gm. per 100 ml. of blood and makes up over 90 per cent of the blood sugar; in larvae of a sawfly, about 80 per cent of the blood sugar is trehalose. In Bombyx mori and Platysamia cecropia, the pupal blood trehalose level is about half that in the mature larva, suggesting utilization of trehalose for glycogen synthesis during pupation. Small amounts of glucose and apparent glycogen are also present in the plasma of these insects. In Bombyx larval plasma there is also 0.04 to 0.12 gm. per 100 ml. of glucose-6-phosphate and smaller amounts of an apparent ketose phosphate.
Powder X-ray Diffraction Determination of Phyllosilicate Mass and Area versus Particle Thickness Distributions for Clays from the Athabasca Oil Sands

Abstract Bitumen recovery from Athabasca oil sands is known to be affected by the clay component. This effect increases dramatically with decreasing particle sizes of the constituent clay minerals. The present work comprises a mineralogical study of distinct size-fractions of clays from the Athabasca oil sands. Mass and area versus thickness distributions per unit weight of phyllosilicate-mineral component are obtained by Bertaut analysis of measured XRD peak profiles for the first 00l reflection. Distributions for both kaolinite and illite components from distinct size-fractions correlate with particle size. The powder pattern for the smallest size-fraction (< 0.1 μm) is shown to correspond to delaminated illite particles.
The mixed powerdomain

This paper introduces an operator M called the mixed powerdomain which generalizes the convex (Plotkin) powerdomain. The construction is based on the idea of representing partial information about a set of data items using a pair of sets, one representing partial information in the manner of the upper (Smyth) powerdomain and the other in the manner of the lower (Hoare) powerdomain where the components of such pairs are required to satisfy a consistency condition. This provides a richer family of meaningful partial descriptions than are available in the convex powerdomain and also makes it possible to include the empty set in a satisfactory way. The new construct is given a rigorous mathematical treatment like that which has been applied to the known powerdomains. It is proved that M is a continuous functor on bifinite domains which is left adjoint to the forgetful functor from a category of continuous structures called mix algebras. For a domain D with a coherent Scott topology, elements of MD can be represented as pairs (U, V) where U ⊆ D is a compact upper set, V ⊆ D is a closed set and the downward closure of U ⌢ V is equal to V. A Stone dual characterization of M is also provided.
The spectral properties of some visual pigment analogs

Abstract Aldehydes related to vitamin A aldehyde were synthesized after which cis and trans isomers were isolated. The geometric isomers in turn were mixed with cattle opsin and the pigments which were formed were studied spectrally. cis -Aldehydes which had the methyl group at positions 9 and/or 13 replaced by a hydrogen atom formed pigments with opsin, as did an aldehyde which had an epoxide linkage at the 5,6 position in the ring and an aldehyde which had a substituted cyclopentene ring instead of the normal substituted cyclohexene ring. The position of λ max in these analogs of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin seems to be most strongly influenced by the substituent at the 9-position. λ max Shifts to shorter wavelengths when the 9-methyl group is replaced by a hydrogen atom. Substituents on the cyclohexene ring and modifications of this structure appear to affect the reactivity of the aldehyde toward opsin, but when reaction does occur, λ max for the resulting pigment is at its expected position relative to rhodopsin and isorhodopsin. Circular dichroism (CD) spectra of pigments formed from cattle opsin and the 9- or 11- cis isomers of either retinal or analogs of retinal all show an α-band in the visible spectrum. Many have a β-band in the near u.v. as well. α-Bands for all these pigments are shifted to shorter wavelengths as compared to the absorption spectra, and we have tried to account for both the shift in λ max between absorption and CD spectra as well as the relative intensities of the α- and β-bands by applying the coupled oscillator model of Kirkwood. Both features in the CD spectrum are accounted for if a tryptophan residue is appropriately situated on opsin between 4·3 and 3·5 A from the chromophore. Comparison of the intensities of α- and β-bands in the CD spectra of rhodopsin and isorhodopsin analogs suggests that the α-band arises principally as a consequence of the interaction with opsin of that portion of the polyene chain near the Schiff base linkage. The magnitude of the β-band in CD appears to be influenced by both the structure of the ionone ring and its interaction with the protein. We conclude that analogs of retinal are useful in assessing the steric limitations and the sites of interaction at the chromophoric site in opsin.
Postcolonial and Queer Theories: Intersections and Essays

Preface Global Gaze/Global Gays by Dennis Altman The Perfect Path: Gay Men, Marriage, Indonesia by Thomas M. Boellstorff Heavenly Creatures' Queer Sort of Fandom: The Closeted Indigene, Lesbian Islands and New Zealand National Cinema by Elizabeth Guzik Im/De-position of Cultural Violence: Reading Chen Kaige's Farewell My Concubine by Benzi Zhang Gender Crossing and Decadence in Taiwanese Fiction at the Fin de Siecle by Liang-Ya Liou Racial and Erotic Anxieties: Ambivalent Fetishization, From Fanon to Mercer by Sonia Otalvaro-Hormillosa Race, Class and the Homoerotics of The Swimming-Pool Library by James N. Brown and Patricia M. Sant The U.S. in South Africa: (Post) Colonial Queer Theory? by Ian Barnard Other and Difference in Richard Rodriguez's Hunger of Memory by David William Foster In Search of a Lost Body with Organs: Reclaiming Postcolonial Gay Interiority After Bersani's Reading of Gide by Christian Gundermann Theorizing the Under-Theorized by Erich De Wald Index
The Development and Evaluation of a Lactation Rotation for a Pediatric Residency Program at a Tertiary Care Teaching Hospital

Professional Issues Poster Presentation Objective To evaluate the effect of a Lactation Rotation on pediatric residents’ knowledge and clinical confidence about breastfeeding. Design Pretest-posttest design. Setting Tertiary care teaching center in Illinois. Sample Convenience sample of 12 first-year pediatric residents. Methods The participating 12 residents were provided educational materials, including the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) policy statement on breastfeeding and the use of human milk, Wellstart International Self-Study Modules, Academy of Breastfeeding Medicine Protocols, and Hale's Medications and Mothers’ Milk . Each resident spent a minimum of 50 hours with an International Board Certified Lactation Consultant (IBCLC). Training included inpatient rounding, hands-on management, observation with the neonatal intensive care unit IBCLC, answering helpline calls, and viewing breastfeeding videos. In addition, each resident created an evidence-based lactation presentation for staff. Residents were evaluated to measure proficiency in providing breastfeeding care. In turn, they evaluated their rotation in terms of strengths, weaknesses, and suggestions for improvement. To measure breastfeeding knowledge and clinical confidence levels, each resident completed the AAP's Breastfeeding Residency Curriculum Pretest four times: the first and last day of the rotation and at 6 and 12 months postrotation. Results Pretest and confidence scores were evaluated. Statistically significant differences were found between test 1 and 2 ( M = 74.67, SD = 8.41 vs. M = 87.33, SD = 7.78, p = .001), test 1 and 3 ( M = 74.67, SD = 8.41 vs. M = 89.33, SD = 5.48, p M = 74.67, SD = 8.41 vs. M = 89.0, SD = 7.65, p p values >.05), demonstrating retention of knowledge gained. With regards to clinical confidence, the ability to adequately address parent's questions about breastfeeding differences between test 1 and 2, 1 and 3, and 1 and 4 were significant with confidence increasing in tests 2, 3, and 4 ( p values being .003, .020, and .009, respectively), and the ability to completely manage common breastfeeding problems differences between test 1 and 2, 1 and 3, and 1 and 4 were significant with confidence increasing in tests 2, 3, and 4 ( p values being p Conclusion/Implications for Nursing Practice As a result of an innovative, comprehensive educational lactation program, the pediatric residents’ knowledge and clinical confidence related to breastfeeding significantly increased.
Notched strength of woven fabric composites with moulded-in holes

Abstract The feasibility of enhancing damage tolerance and durability of fibre composites through the design of microstructure has been examined using three woven fabric-reinforced composite systems (carbon, Kevlar and carbon-Kevlar in epoxy matrix). Enhancement in notched strength has been demonstrated by comparing the performance of composites with drilled and moulded-in circular holes. Specimens with moulded-in holes exhibited failure strengths which were 2.7–38.3% higher than those of drilled specimens. Furthermore, for certain lay-ups of Kevlar and carbon-Kevlar hybrid laminates, the presence of moulded-in holes did not reduce the unnotched laminate strength; indeed a strength enhancement of 0.4–22.1% was observed. Comparisons of experimental data with existing notched strength theories are made and directions for future research are indicated.
Pediatric ECMO for severe quinidine cardiotoxicity

We report the use of extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) to establish and maintain cardiovascular stability in a 16 month old with refractory bradydysrrhythmias and hypotension after an acute overdose of quinidine. He underwent an 11-day course of ECMO and was discharged with normal neurologic function. This case illustrates the role ECMO can play in the treatment of profound cardiovascular collapse caused by toxic ingestions. To be optimally effective, management of such patients must be anticipatory.
In VitroThymocyte Maturation Is Associated with Reduced Cellular Susceptibility to Fas-Mediated Apoptosis

Abstract We have developed a novel system in which the susceptibility of murine thymocytes to Fas-mediatedapoptosis can be modulated. Thymocyte susceptibility to Fas decreases under in vitro culture conditions that promote aspects of thymocyte maturation. The hyporesponsive state is specific for the Fas pathway, since cellular susceptibility to other apoptotic stimuli is not reduced. Hyporesponsiveness is not associated with alterations in the thymocyte subset distribution, decreased expression of full-length Fas protein, or alterations in FADD, Bcl-2, or Bcl-X L expression. Hyporesponsiveness is overcome by increasing the strength of the Fas cross-linking stimulus, leading us to propose that reduced thymocyte susceptibility to apoptosis results from altered Fas signaling. The block in Fas signaling resides proximal to ceramide generation, since Fas-hyporesponsive thymocytes are susceptible to ceramide-induced apoptosis. Further characterization of Fas signaling in these in vitro cultured thymocytes may facilitate the identification of factors regulating the susceptibility of wild-type lymphocytes to Fas.
Three New Genera and Six New Species of Lecanicephalideans (Cestoda) from Eagle Rays of the Genus Aetomylaeus (Myliobatiformes: Myliobatidae) from Northern Australia and Borneo

abstract: New lecanicephalidean cestodes inhabiting the spiral intestine were investigated in 4 of the 6 known species of eagle rays of the genus Aetomylaeus Garman. Hosts examined consisted of 5 specimens of Aetomylaeus vespertilio from northern Australia, 5 of Aetomylaeus maculatus from Borneo, 10 of Aetomylaeus nichofii sensu stricto from Borneo, and 7 of Aetomylaeus cf. nichofii 2 from northern Australia. As a result of these new collections, 3 new genera and 6 new species of lecanicephalideans are formally described. Aetomylaeus vespertilio hosted the new genera and species Collicocephalus baggioi n. gen., n. sp. and Rexapex nanus n. gen., n. sp., as well as Aberrapex weipaensis n. sp. Aetomylaeus maculatus and A. nichofii sensu stricto hosted 3 new species of the novel genus Elicilacunosus, with the former eagle ray hosting Elicilacunosus sarawakensis n. sp. and the latter hosting both Elicilacunosus dharmadii n. sp. and Elicilacunosus fahmii n. sp. No new lecanicephalideans were described from A. ...
Efficiency improvements of white-light CdSe nanocrystal-based LEDs

We have recently demonstrated white-light devices based on single size, ultra-small cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals that possess broadband emission (420-710 nm). When encapsulated in a polymer and coated on commercial UV LEDs, these nanocrystals act as frequency downconverters to produce high quality white light. These devices emit very pure white light with excellent CIE coordinates (0.35, 0.31) and a very high color rendering index of 93 when excited with a 365 nm LED. The relatively low luminous efficiency of preliminary devices, up to 1 lm/W, is a result of unoptimized device geometry, low light extraction efficiency, low UV LED efficiency, and low nanocrystal quantum yield (~10%). In order to address the issue of efficiency, we have pursued two studies. First, we investigate the use of photonic crystal mirrors, chirped mirrors, and thin film filters to increase the extraction efficiency and decrease UV light leakage from the device. Simulation results of chirped mirrors consisting of alternating layers of silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) and hafnium dioxide (HfO 2 ) have demonstrated high reflectance throughout the visible region, thus increasing extraction efficiency by reflecting emitted white light out of the device that would normally be lost. Second, we examine the tradeoff of color quality and efficiency that results from using blue LEDs for excitation: unabsorbed blue light will imbalance the white-light spectrum, but the conversion of blue to white light yields a lower Stokes loss than UV excitation light.
Thyroxine binding to the apolipoproteins of high density lipoproteins HDL2 and HDL3.

Four preparations of high density lipoprotein HDL2, five of HDL3, and purified apolipoproteins apoA-I, apoA-IV, and apoE were photoaffinity labeled with [125I]T4 and analyzed by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Gels were also immunoblotted with antiserum against apoA-I, apoA-II, apoA-IV, apoE, or apo(a), and the immunostained membrane was then autoradiographed. In HDL2, the two major radioactive bands migrated near the origin of the resolving gel and at 28-31 kilodaltons (kDa). The first band, stained by anti-apo(a) and anti-apoB-100, accounted for 40-96% of the total radioactivity and was attributed to lipoprotein(a), which is isolated in the same density range as HDL2. The second band, stained by anti-apoA-I, accounted for 1-57% [41-95% after correction for contaminating lipoprotein(a)] of the [125I]T4 in the resolving gel. In HDL3, the major radioactive band was identified as apoA-I and contained 93-94% of the [125I]T4 in the resolving gel. Minor radioactive bands in both HDL2...
Attachment-related individual differences in the consistency of relationship behavior interpretation.

The consistency with which people interpret relationship-based information has important implications for attachment theory and research. Our objective is to determine whether there are attachment-related individual differences in the manner and the consistency with which individuals interpret hypothetical relationship behaviors. In two studies (N = 629, 79% female, 63% American, M(age) = 29; N = 820, 78% female, 65% American, M(age) = 29), we assessed participants' ability and consistency in relationship behavior interpretation across two blocks and estimated how they would have performed had they interpreted information perfectly consistently. Secure participants were generally more consistent in their interpretations relative to insecure participants. Estimates of perfectly consistent interpretation revealed that improvements to both systematic factors related to behavior interpretation (e.g., working models) and consistency would have led to a more secure interpretation style for participants of all attachment styles. Results imply that both secure and insecure individuals process relationship-based information according to secure scripts, but insecure individuals do so inconsistently. Our results imply that, due to the inconsistent behavioral responses that may occur as a result of inconsistent information processing, the consistency with which people process relationship-related information will be related to relationship satisfaction. Further directions for future research are discussed.
Fault detection using topological case based modelimg and its application to chiller performance deterioration

We apply a new modeling technique, Topological Case Based Modeling (TCBM), to fault diagnosis. In this paper we propose a new model which represents a continuous input/output relation using a set of numerical data, and it is possible to describe nonlinear systems. We employ the idea of case based reasoning (CBR). CBR infers a new case from stored cases and these relation.[1] It is important to define the similarity, that is a relation among the cases. We propose to define the similarity as the neighbourhood in input space corresponding to output accuracy and its accuracy is arbitrarily set before constructing the model. We name this technique Topological Case Based Modeling. In addition, we describe that TCBM has several advantages over other models. Finally we also show the example of TCBM to detect the deterioration for a chiller system. >
Gene regulation by PAX6: Structural-functional correlations of missense mutants and transcriptional control of Trpm3/miR-204

Purpose Pax6 is a key regulatory gene for eye, brain, and pancreas development. It acts as a transcriptional activator and repressor. Loss-of-function of Pax6 results in down- and upregulation of a comparable number of genes, although many are secondary targets. Recently, we found a prototype of a Pax6-binding site that acts as a transcriptional repressor. We also identified the Trpm3 gene as a Pax6-direct target containing the miR-204 gene located in intron 6. Thus, there are multiple Pax6-dependent mechanisms of transcriptional repression in the cell. More than 50 Pax6 missense mutations have been identified in humans and mice. Two of these mutations, N50K (Leca4) and R128C (Leca2), were analyzed in depth resulting in different numbers of regulated genes and different ratios of down- and upregulated targets. Thus, additional studies of these mutants are warranted to better understand the molecular mechanisms of the mutants' action. Methods Mutations in PAX6 and PAX6(5a), including G18W, R26G, N50K, G64V, R128C, and R242T, were generated with site-directed mutagenesis. A panel of ten luciferase reporters driven by six copies of Pax6-binding sites representing a spectrum of sites that act as repressors, moderate activators, and strong activators were used. Two additional reporters, including the Pax6-regulated enhancer from mouse Trpm3 and six copies of its individual Pax6-binding site, were also tested in P19 cells. Results PAX6 (N50K) acted either as a loss-of-function or neutral mutation. In contrast, PAX6 (R128C) and (R242T) acted as loss-, neutral, and gain-of-function mutations. With three distinct reporters, the PAX6 (N50K) mutation broke the pattern of effects produced by substitutions in the surrounding helices of the N-terminal region of the paired domain. All six mutations tested acted as loss-of-function using the Trpm3 Pax6-binding site. Conclusions These studies highlight the complexity of Pax6-dependent transcriptional activation and repression mechanisms, and identify the N50K and R128C substitutions as valuable tools for testing interactions between Pax6, Pax6 (N50K), and Pax6 (R128C) with other regulatory proteins, including chromatin remodelers.