cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Today's preparation for tomorrow's practice: the Lehman College nursing programme.

This paper is based on a speech given at the twenty-second annual convention of the Massachusetts League for Nursing, Boston, USA, on 24 September 1975. The author looks at the changing trends in nursing education in the USA, the importance of agreement on the level of entry into nursing and the need for a clear conceptual educational model. The Lehman College nursing programme is used as a prototype for such a model and its curriculum and the role of its nursing graduates as primary care practitioners are discussed and evaluated.
Angels, Fiction and History in Berlin: Wim Wenders' Wings of Desire

(1991). Angels, Fiction and History in Berlin: Wim Wenders' Wings of Desire. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory: Vol. 66, German Film, pp. 34-47.
Studies in ageing—V The physiological effects of stress in Drosophila

Abstract Attempts were made to study the effects of stress on the Canton-S inbred line of Drosophila melanogaster. Freshly emerged females were divided at random into four groups. Each of the experimental and control populations consisted of two groups. Females in the experimental populations were deprived individually of 0·10 μl of hemolymph. Controls were made by inflicting abdominal injuries on females. The physiological effects of stress were studied by measuring fecundity and longevity at 25 ± 0·50°C. The experimental results reveal that the depletion of hemolymph causes reduction in both the fecundity and longevity. A decline in the physiological parameters measured is interpreted as due to the presence of factors in the depleted hemolymph. The result is interpreted in terms of the lack of reserves, increased rates of waste accumulation, or of a diminished resistance to disease. The inability of homeostatic mechanisms to maintain the normal reproduction is explained as due to the genotypic norm of reaction that permits homeostatic adjustment within a certain range of environmental variation.
Infection of Anopheles freeborni by gametocytes of cultured Plasmodium falciparum

CARTER & BEACH (1977) reported on a method for the stimulation of gametocytogenesis in a Zairian (Z) strain of Plasmodium f alciparum, based upon prolonged culture in vitro without the addition of fresh red blood cells (RBC). Morphologically mature female and male gametocytes, at a density of 0 · 6% of RBCs, developed in culture at an RBC concentration less than 1 % (v/v). Exftagellation of the male gametocytes was obtained in foetal calf serum (FCS) adjusted to pH 8 · 0 (CARTER & NIJHOUT, 1977). Although morphologically mature male gametocytes were present, exftagellation was not readily observed in each experiment. The Z strain proved to be a prolific producer of gameto­ cytes in culture, yet we know of no other reported strains having a comparable characteristic.
Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Breast Cancer Mortality: Are We Doing Enough to Address the Root Causes?

Breast cancer is the most common noncutaneous malignancy and the second most lethal form of cancer among women in the United States. Mortality from breast cancer has declined since the late 1980s, but this decline has been steeper among white women compared with black women. As a result, the black:white mortality rate ratio has increased over the last two decades. Other ethnic minorities also suffer from disproportionately high breast cancer mortality rates. This review discusses the causes of racial and ethnic disparities in breast cancer mortality and describes the most common approaches to reducing these disparities. The literature suggests that outcome disparities are related to patient-, provider-, and health system-level factors. Lack of insurance, fear of testing, delay in seeking care, and unfavorable tumor characteristics all contribute to disparities at the patient level. At the provider level, insufficient screening, poor follow-up of abnormal screening tests, and nonadherence to guideline-based treatments add to outcome disparities. High copayment requirements, lack of a usual source of care, fragmentation of care, and uneven distribution of screening and treatment resources exacerbate disparities at the health system level. Although pilot programs have increased breast cancer screening among select populations, persistent disparities in mortality suggest that changes are needed at the policy level to address the root causes of these disparities.
Surface-Enhanced Infrared Absorption Spectrometry of p-Nitrothiophenol and its Disulfide

The surface-enhanced infrared spectrometry of p-nitrothiophenol and its disulfide on silver films has been investigated by using deposition from solution, from self-assembled monolayers, and from the vapor phase using a direct-deposition gas chromatography/infrared (GC-IR) interface. In solution, the thiophenol oxidizes to form the disulfide, which then adsorbs to the silver film. If a silver film is deposited on top of a layer of the disulfide, the resulting spectrum is strongly different from that seen with a silver underlayer, more closely resembling the spectrum obtained from the self-assembled monolayer. When a GC-IR interface is used, the presence of the enhancement appears to be correlated with temperature-dependent chemisorption.
PULMONARY WASHINGS AND BLOOD IN PULMONARY ALVEOLAR PROTEINOSIS (PAP)

Pulmonary alveolar proteinosis is a diffuse pulmonary disease of obscure etiology characterized by abnormal accumulations of phospholipids in the lung. Despite severe pulmonary disabilities there is a striking absence of inflammatory cells and fibrosis in the lungs of these patients. We have examined the lung washings and blood from five patients with this disease in an attempt to discover whether there are any inhibitors of the normal inflammatory responses locally or systemically. The complete peripheral blood counts and numbers of T and B lymphocytes and monocytes were entirely normal in all patients. The cellular components of the lung washings were primarily mononuclear cells which exhibited histochemical and surface characteristics typical of alveolar macrophages (AM). Morphologically, these AM were many times larger than AM from control patients and were filled with amorphous material. The lung washings of the patients inhibited Con A and pokeweed mitogen stimulation of allogenic peripheral blood lymphocytes by >90%, but had no significant effects on PHA stimulation. Their sera inhibited stimulation by all three mitogens >95%. This inhibition was not due to cytotoxicity. When the lung washings were injected into normal rabbit peritoneal cavities, there was no inhibition of accumulation of either PMNs or peritoneal macrophages as stimulated by mineral oil. In addition, the lung washings stimulated RNA synthesis in vitro by rabbit AM.
A 475 mV, 4.9 GHz Enhanced Swing Differential Colpitts VCO With Phase Noise of -136 dBc/Hz at a 3 MHz Offset Frequency

A new enhanced swing differential Colpitts VCO architecture enables oscillations to go beyond both the supply voltage and ground making it suitable for low voltage operation. Analysis for the oscillation frequency, differential- and common-mode oscillations, amplitude of oscillation, and start-up condition provides insight into oscillator operation and design considerations. Operating at 4.9 GHz, the VCO consumes from 1.9 mW to 3 mW for supply voltages of 400 mV and 500 mV, respectively. The 130 nm CMOS VCO's measured phase noise ranges from -132.6 to -136.2 dBc/Hz at a 3 MHz offset frequency.
Divalent chromium in magnesium-chromium spinels

Abstract By heating mixtures of MgO and 50–66 mol.% Cr2O3 in a slightly reducing atmosphere at 1800–2000°C a new spinel-type crystalline solution with the unit cell formula (Mg8−xCrx2+)IVCr163+VIO32 was obtained. Data concerning synthesis, structure, electronic spectra, magnetic susceptibility and electrical conductivity for these crystalline solutions are presented. Strong tetragonal (Jahn-Teller) distortion with c a was observed when a critical value of approx. one Cr2+(3d4) ion per unit cell formula in the tetrahedral sites was reached. A strong absorption band in the near infra-red region with Dq = 667 cm−1 could be assigned to the5T2g → 5Eg transition for Cr2+ in the tetrahedral environment. Both the ground state (5T2g) and the excited state (5Eg) split in the tetragonal symmetry and a strong displacement of the absorption maximum towards higher energies is observed. The spinel crystalline solution with x = 3.04 is anti-ferromagnetic with a Neel temperature at 10°K. Magnesium-chromium spinels containing Cr2+ in the tetrahedral sites display high spin magnetic susceptibilities. A relatively high electrical resistivity of 1.2 × 105 Ω-cm at 400°C for the crystalline solution with x = 2.48, indicates that Cr2+ and Cr3+ ions are not in the same coordination sites in the structure. From the electrical resistivity measurements between 200–450°C an activation energy of 0.85 eV was obtained.
Embedded Database Architecture for Multi-RAT Data Handling in Handheld Devices

Over the last decade, there has been extensive work to move to a high bandwidth wireless access network. This has been spearheaded by various radio access technologies (RAT) like WCDMA, CDMA2000trade and WLAN, each with its own advantages and limitations. Recently, there is a growing interest to add WiMAXtrade to this list. Key factor for all these technologies to coexist is mobility of handheld device across different RATs. To make this possible the networks have to share information among them and signal the handheld device to move to a suitable access network. This requires a significant amount of information sharing across multiple RATs. This paper discusses a new way of handling this data through an embedded database concept.
Neonatal congenital malignant melanoma with lymph node metastasis.

A Caucasian baby girl presented at birth with a dark, irregular, raised skin lesion measuring approximately 2 cm in diameter on the medial aspect of her right leg (Fig 1). There was no history of melanoma in her family and no evidence of melanoma in her mother. At two weeks of age, she underwent an incisional biopsy of the lesion at a community hospital. Histologic review showed a superficial spreading invasive malignant melanoma with Breslow thickness greater than 2.5 mm, with a positive deep margin. There was angiolymphatic invasion but no definite ulceration. She was referred to our institution, where clinical exam revealed an otherwise healthy newborn girl, a black lesion on the right leg with a central scar measuring 1.5 cm in diameter. There were small palpable inguinal nodes in each groin, possibly more prominent on the right but not clinically suspicious. One week later, a wide local excision was performed with a 1 cm margin (Fig 1) and a full thickness skin graft. Lymphoscintigraphy revealed a sentinel node in the right groin, and a sentinel lymph node biopsy was performed. Her final pathology revealed an atypical malignant melanoma arising in a nevus with congenital features with Breslow thickness of 2.58 mm and Clark’s level V (Fig 2A). Margins were widely clear. The lesion was consistent with a primary melanoma, rather than metastatic disease from maternal origin. The sentinel node was positive for metastatic melanoma, with mitotic figures (Fig 2B) and S100 staining (Fig 2C). She underwent staging studies including CT scans of her head, chest, abdomen and pelvis as well as a bone scan. These were negative for metastatic disease. One month later, completion right inguinal lymph node dissection was performed, yielding five lymph nodes without metastatic disease. Her postoperative course was complicated by a wound abscess in the right groin that was drained operatively and healed well. Her final staging, at the age of 9 weeks, was therefore Stage IIIA (T3aN1aM0). No additional treatment was performed. She has been followed to her current age of 32 months without evidence of recurrence by clinical exam, serial chest radiographs, and annual CT scans of the abdomen and pelvis. She has had an excisional biopsy of a suspicious skin lesion from her lower abdomen at age 22 months that was an atypical nevus. She has normal function of her right lower extremity without lymphedema and is healthy and developmentally appropriate (Fig 3).
Time Delay Estimation Bounds in Wideband Random Channels

Improved Ziv-Zakai bounds (ZZBs) on time delay estimation (TDE) in wideband random channels are developed. The mean-square error (MSE) bounds are independent of estimator bias and do not require regularity conditions. They assume a known transmitted signal with uniform prior on the delay in [0, T], and a tapped delay line random channel model. The taps are modeled as Gaussian, including non-zero mean and possible correlation between taps. The channel model may be tuned to a variety of environments through the choice of mean and covariance, and models wideband and ultra-wideband line of sight (LOS) and non-LOS (NLOS) cases. The bounds are derived for a given channel realization first, and then averaged over the random channel model. They reflect the impact of the random channel, bounding average MSE performance assuming perfect channel estimates are available to the receiver. Examples illustrate the impact of the key system, channel, and signal parameters.
Subacute Sclerosing Panencephalitis in an American-Born Adult

We describe a case of an adult born in the United States who had subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). We discuss the possibility that the patient contracted subclinical measles during the 1989-1991 measles epidemic in the United States.
Numerical Computations of Unsteady Aerodynamics of Maneuvering Projectiles

This paper describes a multidisciplinary computational study undertaken to model the flight trajectories and the free-flight aerodynamics of finned projectiles both with and without control maneuvers. Advanced computational capabilities in computational fluid dynamics (CFD), rigid body dynamics (RBD) and flight control system (FCS) have been successfully fully coupled on high performance computing (HPC) platforms for physics-based “Virtual Fly-Outs” of munitions. Timeaccurate Navier-Stokes computations have been performed with the commercial CFD++ software to compute the unsteady aerodynamics associated with the free flight of finned projectiles using an advanced scalable unstructured flow solver on a highly parallel Linux Cluster. Progress made in the exploration of new techniques to efficiently generate a complete aerodynamic description consisting of both static and dynamic aerodynamic coefficients for projectile flight dynamic modeling is described. A new procedure that uses timeaccurate sweeps allows rapid generation of static aerodynamic coefficients. Another method uses an unsteady, time accurate CFD simulation that is tightly coupled to a RBD projectile flight dynamic simulation and can generate both static and dynamic coefficients. A set of short time snippets of simulated projectile motion at different Mach numbers is computed using the integrated CFD/RBD/FCS software and employed as baseline data. The technique is being exercised on a finned and a canard-controlled projectile. The effect of canard angle deflection on the aerodynamics of the canard controlled projectile is currently being computed using the virtual fly out method and the CFD/RBD/FCS software.
Income-Pooling Arrangements, Economic Constraints, and Married Mothers' Child Care Choices

This study investigates whether financial agreements between husbands and wives, the cost of child care, mothers' wages, and sources of income, rather than just aggregate income, affect a mother's decision to use child care. This study finds that for working mothers, the price of child care is what matters, not their wages; for nonemployed mothers, the reverse is true. However, similar patterns for income effects are found for all mothers. Husbands' incomes do not affect mothers' child care choices, but mothers' own abilities to pay and sources of nonwage income do affect their child care choices. The only detected effect of spouses' incomes on wives' child care choices occurs when husbands pool their incomes with their wives' incomes. Hence, although market child care is a collective consumption good, not all wives in two-parent families have access to husbands' incomes with which to pay for child care.
Real-time response and system integration in a back-end semiconductor manufacturing system

Real-time response is fundamental to a manufacturing execution system used in a back-end semiconductor manufacturing system (BSMS) on the shop floor. This paper presents a practical solution to easing system integration while improving its real-time responses. First, by incorporating the concept of virtual production lines (VPL) into the manufacturing execution system modeling, the model complexity can be reduced significantly, consequently easing its integration to shop floor controls. Secondly, a new system integration framework is introduced, which guarantees the real-time entries of system data for all the activities occurring on the shop floor. Real-time information helps management make optimal decisions, thus improving the productivity of a BSMS.
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) in XPC gene silencing and bladder cancer

Bladder cancer is one of the most common malignancies and causes hundreds of thousands of deaths worldwide each year. Bladder cancer is strongly associated with exposure to environmental carcinogens. It is believed that DNA damage generated by environmental carcinogens and their metabolites causes development of bladder cancer. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the major DNA repair pathway for repairing bulk DNA damage generated by most environmental carcinogens, and XPC is a DNA damage recognition protein required for initiation of the NER process. Recent studies demonstrate reduced levels of XPC protein in tumors for a majority of bladder cancer patients. In this work we investigated the role of histone deacetylases (HDACs) in XPC gene silencing and bladder cancer development. The results of our HDAC inhibition study revealed that the treatment of HTB4 and HTB9 bladder cancer cells with the HDAC inhibitor valproic acid (VPA) caused an increase in transcription of the XPC gene in these cells. The results of our chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) studies indicated that the VPA treatment caused increased binding of both CREB1 and Sp1 transcription factors at the promoter region of the XPC gene for both HTB4 and HTB9 cells. The results of our immunohistochemistry (IHC) staining studies further revealed a strong correlation between the over-expression of HDAC4 and increased bladder cancer occurrence (p < 0.001) as well as a marginal significance of increasing incidence of HDAC4 positivity seen with an increase in severity of bladder cancer (p = 0.08). In addition, the results of our caspase 3 activation studies demonstrated that prior treatment with VPA increased the anticancer drug cisplatin-induced activation of caspase 3 in both HTB4 and HTB9 cells. All of these results suggest that the HDACs negatively regulate transcription of the XPC gene in bladder cancer cells and contribute to the severity of bladder tumors.
Formal specification and verification of the kernel functional unit of the OSI session layer protocol and service using CCS

This paper describes an application of formal methods to protocol specification, validation and verification. Formal methods can be incorporated in protocol design and testing so that time and resources are saved on implementation, testing, and documentation. In this paper we show how formal methods can be used to write the control sequence, i.e. pseudo code, which can be formally tested using automated support. The formal specification serves as a blueprint for a correct implementation with desired properties.As a formal method we chose a process algebra called "plain" Calculus of Communicating Systems (CCS). Our specific objectives were to: 1) build a CCS model of the Kernel Functional Unit of OSI session layer service: 2) obtain a session protocol specification through stepwise refinement of the service specification; and 3) verify that the protocol specification satisfies the service specification. We achieved all of our objectives. Verification and validation were accomplished by using the CCS's model checker, the Edinburgh Concurrency Workbench (CWB). We chose plain CCS because of itssuccinct, abstract, and modular specifications, strong mathematical foundation which allows for formal reasoning and proofs, and existence of the automated support tool which supports temporal logic. The motivation for this work is: 1) testing the limits of CCS's succinct notation; 2) combining CCS and temporal logic; and 3) using a model-checker on a real-life example.
Real-time subnanometer position sensing with long measurement range

Proposes real-time position sensing devices with subnanometer precision. The precision level sought is in the range of 10/sup -9/ m to 10/sup -12/ m with long range capability on the order of 8-12 inches. These devices will use either synthetic gratings or an atomic layer of a material, such as graphite, as the reference scales in conjunction with scanning probe microscope (SPM) technologies. This paper discusses the feasibility of the proposed subnanometer position sensing concept, with preliminary experimental results.
Response to Critiques

In my target paper, I attempted to build on the work of a number of excellent investigators, several of whom were invited to critique my paper. It is a privilege and an honour to respond to my critics, from whom I have learned so much. In their thoughtful commentary, Slater and Quinn cite a body of work that collectively suggests that newborns can discriminate among different faces, and show preferences for the mother’s face and for attractive faces. In all three sets of findings, the authors initially argue for a rapid learning mechanism. Although I do not disagree with their conclusion, I am troubled by the observations they cite. For example, to discriminate between a mother and a stranger, or to prefer an attractive versus an unattractive face must require access to subtle differences between/among faces; in addition, it is likely that such information is coded in higher spatial frequencies. Given the remarkably limited visual ability of the newborn infant (including the very impoverished contrast sensitivity function; see Dannemiller, 2001, for review), how are to we account for these findings? One possibility is that infants are basing their discrimination/ preferences on different cues than the adult, and/or employing different neural and perceptual mechanisms. If true, it may well be that the phenomena observed in newborns is qualitatively different than what is observed in the older infant or adult. Furthermore, we know that, even in the adult, there are individual differences in facial preferences. For example, Perrett et al. have demonstrated that the phase of a woman’s menstrual cycle will influence her judgment of male face preferences (Perrett et al., 1998; Penton-Voak et al., 1999). My point is that the mechanisms that guide newborn facial preferences may be fundamentally different than what guides such preferences in the older infant, no less the adult. Therefore, it may be misleading to suggest that newborn preferences for certain faces is a result of a face ‘module’ per se. Of course, a relatively simple way to evaluate whether faces represent a special class of objects is to see if they show comparable preferences for some non-face objects over others. If they do, would we conclude that there is an object module? Most likely, not. Rather, we would attempt to account for what distinguishes (perhaps psychophysically) one object from another. Nonetheless, it would be a slippery slope indeed if we began to add modules to the brain every time one object was found to be preferred over another. Would we, as Charlie Gross once reflected, have a module for recognizing our grandmother’s face? Slater and Quinn go on to conclude that infants ‘enter the world with a detailed representation of the human face’. Thus, despite their previous arguments about learning, here they appear to argue for a strong nativist position.
Jaberg, Karl (1877–1959)

This article surveys the life and career of Karl Jaberg (1877–1958), whose entire teaching career was spent at the University of Bern. Jaberg was a specialist in lexical studies (often written from a Worter und Sachen perspective) and dialect geography. He was co-editor (with Jakob Jud) of the Sprach- und Sachatlas Italiens und der Sudschweiz.
Population pharmacokinetics (PK) of tremelimumab in patients (pts) with melanoma

3048 Background: Tremelimumab is a fully human monoclonal antibody targeted against CTLA4, a protein on T cells critical for regulating T-cell activities, which is under development for treatment of various cancers, including melanoma. Population PK analysis was conducted using concentration-time data from 450 pts, most with melanoma or solid tumors, enrolled in four phase I or II studies that evaluated PK, tolerability, and efficacy of single-agent tremelimumab. Methods: Tremelimumab was administered intravenously either as single dose or multiple doses every 4 or 12 weeks; doses varied between 0.01 and 15 mg/kg. PK was determined using nonlinear mixed-effect modeling implemented in NONMEM VI. Baseline characteristics, including body weight, ECOG score, age, sex, serum creatinine, AST, ALT, and bilirubin, and formulation effects were investigated as potential factors affecting PK. Tremelimumab plasma concentrations were determined using a sensitive, specific, validated ELISA assay. Results: A two-compart...
Aristotle and Chamaeleon and Anonymous in the Margins of Genev.gr. 44

A scholion in a 13th-century ms., citing contradictory explanations of Zeus’ comments about war, gives not only Aristotle’s view and Chamaeleon’s reply but also a third view as well.
Tunability in Ba 1- x Sr x TiO 3 -based Ferroelectrics

Ferroelectrics are presently of interest for phase shifters, filters, and true time delay devices. Voltage tunable paraelectrics have the potential to lower device cost and reduce power consumption compared with presently available devices. In order to improve device performance to acceptable levels, materials must have high tunability, low dielectric constant, low loss tangent, and low leakage current. Using existing predictive techniques, compositions of Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3-based ferroelectrics with charge-compensated substitutions for Ti4+ were synthesized. Results of capacitance measurements are used to obtain dielectric constant and tunability in the paraelectric (T > TC) regime. The relevance to device requirements is discussed. Results for substituted samples are compared to those for (unsubstituted) Ba0.6Sr0.4TiO3. Discussion of the impact of the results on predictive techniques for tunability is addressed.
Biological production of ethanol from coal synthesis gas

The anaerobic bacteriaClostridium ljungdahlii produces ethanol and acetate from CO, CO2, and H2 in synthesis gas. Early studies with the bacterium showed that relatively high concentrations of ethanol could be produced by lowering the fermentation pH and eliminating yeast extract from the medium in favor of a defined medium. This article presents the results from a medium development study based on the aerobic bacteriumEscherichia coli. The results of continuous-reactor studies in a continuously stirred tank reactor (CSTR) with and without cell recycle are shown to demonstrate the utility of this improved medium.
Mobile or stationary? Chemical analysis of clay administrative devices from Tell Brak in the Late Uruk period

Abstract One of the most diagnostic artifact types of the Uruk expansion is the impressions of cylinder seals on clay administrative devices which served to secure packages of commodities or to mark documents. Regardless of their findspot, the stylistic and iconographic isomorphy of the seal imagery, as well as the identity of the functional types, strongly suggest that as an artifact type the glyptic art and associated administrative practices derive from a single cultural source, which is understood to have its origins in the southern alluvium. Chemical characterization of the clay on which seals have been impressed has been undertaken by Blackman on samples from various sites to determine whether local or nonlocal clays were used in these administrative processes. Newly presented here are the instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA) results for Late Uruk sealings from excavations at Tell Brak, one of the major Late Uruk sites in the Jezira. Pittman contextualizes these results within larger universe of Late Uruk administration. The results are consistent with our understanding that most administrative activity at Late Uruk sites was a local affair and that the uniformity of imagery and administrative function over such a large geographic region cannot be understood as solely the result of the movement of goods.
Multivalent Peptidomimetic Conjugates: A Versatile Platform for Modulating Androgen Receptor Activity

We introduce a family of multivalent peptidomimetic conjugates that modulate the activity of the androgen receptor (AR). Bioactive ethisterone ligands were conjugated to a set of sequence-specific peptoid oligomers. Certain multivalent peptoid conjugates enhance AR-mediated transcriptional activation. We identify a linear and a cyclic conjugate that exhibit potent anti-proliferative activity in LNCaP-abl cells, a model of therapy-resistant prostate cancer. The linear conjugate blocks AR action by competing for ligand binding. In contrast, the cyclic conjugate is active despite its inability to compete against endogenous ligand for binding to AR in vitro, suggesting a non-competitive mode of action. These results establish a versatile platform to design competitive and non-competitive AR modulators with potential therapeutic significance.
Evidence of a dominant transcriptional pathway which regulates an undifferentiated and complete metastatic phenotype.

The highly metastatic amelanotic C8161 human melanoma line was found to exhibit complete dominance of its undifferentiated and metastatic phenotype in multiple somatic cell hybridization studies designed to bypass the presence of potential tumor suppressor genes. In a three armed approach involving somatic cell fusions of C8161 with recipient lines of greater differentiation, different lineage, and different tumorigenicity status, the metastatic and undifferentiated phenotype of C8161 was promiscuously dominant. In somatic cell hybrids produced between the C8161 and a group of non-metastatic human melanoma lines which exhibited melanocyte differentiation markers including S100, HMB-45, NKI/C3, and melanin, the fusions were uniformly metastatic and undifferentiated. In somatic cell hybrids of C8161 and MCF-7 the fusions exhibited an estrogen independent and unresponsive, estrogen receptor (ER) negative, and highly metastatic phenotype. In fusions between C8161 and HMS-1, an immortalized `benign' human myoepithelial line which produced an abundant extracellular matrix (ECM) and high levels of protease and angiogenic inhibitors including maspin, tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 (TIMP-1), α1-antitrypsin (α1-AT), protease nexin II (PN-II), thrombospondin-1 and soluble basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) receptors, the hybrids showed complete absence of matrix, absent maspin expression, markedly decreased protease inhibitor and angiogenic inhibitor production, high levels of proteases and angiogenic factors, and a highly metastatic phenotype. In our somatic cell fusions, the human-human hybrids represented true and complete fusions and not hybrid clones selected for by loss of dominant-acting growth suppressor genes. This finding was supported by detailed comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) studies, Q-banding karyotype analysis, and autofusions of representative clones. The purposeful creation of inherently unstable human-murine fusions between C8161 and B16-F1 where loss of putative suppressor loci would be expected, resulted in fusions exhibiting decreased growth and non-metastatic behavior with progressive chromosomal loss. Neither p53, nm23, DNA methyltransferase, activated ras, fibroblast growth factor-4 (FGF-4), or epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) mediated the acquisition of the metastatic or undifferentiated phenotype within the C8161-human fusions. These studies are the first studies ever to successfully transfer the complete metastatic phenotype by somatic cell fusion and support the presence of a new high level regulatory pathway(s) involving dominant trans-acting factors which act pleiotropically to regulate an undifferentiated and highly metastatic phenotype.
R2R+BCO-DMO-linked oceanographic datasets

The Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) and the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R) program are two key data repositories for oceanographic research, supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF). R2R curates digital data and documentation generated by environmental sensor systems installed on vessels from the U.S. academic research fleet, with support from the NSF Oceanographic Technical Services and Arctic Research Logistics Programs. BCO-DMO human-curates and maintains data and metadata including biological, chemical, and physical measurements and results from projects funded by the NSF Biological Oceanography, Chemical Oceanography, and Antarctic Organisms & Ecosystems Programs. These two repositories have a strong connection, and document several thousand U.S. oceanographic research expeditions since the 1970’s. Recently, R2R and BCO-DMO have made their metadata collections available as Linked Data, accessible via public SPARQL endpoints. In this paper, we report on these datasets.
CAQE: A Contract Driven Approach to Processing Concurrent Decision Support Queries.

Real-time analytical systems need to handle workloads comprised of expensive decision support queries with diverse quality of service requirements known as contracts. Contract driven multi-query processing, being an NP-hard problem, remains unaddressed to date. The traditional approach of blindly pipelining the entire input through a shared execution plan is not viable due to the diversity in query contracts. To tackle this challenge, we now develop a flexible model to express contracts and accompany it with an effective means to measure the run-time contract satisfaction. We propose our Contract-Aware Query Execution framework CAQE. In this work, we exploit the principle that “different portions of the input contribute to disparate subsets of queries with varying degrees of progressiveness.” Therefore, CAQE’s processing of the input chunks is driven by how the different query contracts are being met at run-time. To maximize the contract satisfaction of the workload, CAQE leverages the dependencies of input chunks across the queries. This enables us to determine the impact of processing particular input chunks on improving the run-time contract satisfaction. Our experiments demonstrate the effectiveness of CAQE in increasing the overall contract satisfaction of the workload, specifically 2 fold better than existing multi-query processing techniques.
Tuberculosis Incidence and the Seroprevalence of HIV Infection in the United States

Unlike other available studies, this article not only recognizes a human immunodeficiency virus-tuberculosis (HIV-TB) correlation but also shows its strength, statistical significance, and the method of calculation. These results increase comparability of the data on the HIV-TB relationship and allow more accurate analysis for developing better control of the two diseases. This population-based study compares data by states on HIV seroprevalence among 1,799,771 military recruits and the incidence of TB in the general population of the United States in 1987. The corresponding correlation coefficient was 0.8 (P less than .001). Although military recruits do not constitute a random sampling of the population at risk for TB, the high correlation suggests that HIV infection contributes substantially to population-based rates of TB.
Catalysis Using Rare Earth and Actinide Internetallics Containing Fe, Co, Ni and Cu

Rare earth and actinide elements form numerous intermetallic compounds. The sub-set of substances involving these elements in chemical union with the 3d elements Mn, Fe, Co, Ni and Cu numbers about 300 compounds (1). Many of these compounds absorb hydrogen extensively (2). The absorption is very rapid, dissociative and, in many cases, reversible. In view of the dissociative nature of the absorption, hydrogen must exist on the surface of the metal for at least a fleeting instant as a monatomic species. This suggested that these materials might be effective as hydrogenation catalysts. Numerous studies have been carried out in the last five or six years to test this hypothesis (3–15). These have involved hydrogenation of ethylene, hydrocarbon isomerizations, synthesis of NH3 from the elements and the production of hydrocarbons and alcohols from synthesis gas. The present account gives a brief summary of the synthesis of NH3 and syngas conversion studies.
Global trade in creative services: an empirical exploration

ABSTRACTWhile global trade continues to rise steadily, the role of creative goods and services has been increasingly recognised for their contribution to economic development and growth. Export markets are an important component of creative goods and services. We assess the stability of earnings from exports of creative services exports. Creative services reflect the fundamental aspects of an economy, not only for the traditional factors of production but also for intangibles such as human capital, animated creative and innovative spirit of citizens and the infrastructure items of education system, development of information and communications technology (ICT), intellectual property regime of patents and copyrights, tourism and hospitality services and affordability of non-traditional tools of creativity. We use various samples of countries to encompass factor-driven, efficiency-driven and knowledge-driven economies. These samples are used to assess the performance of exports of creative services over the...
Optimal control of airport pushbacks in the presence of uncertainties

This paper analyzes the effect of a dynamic programming algorithm that controls the departure pushback rate at congested airports, with an emphasis on the uncertainty of the underlying processes. The state of the airport at any time includes the number of departures taxiing to the runway, and the number of departures queued at the runway. The state of the airport surface at the start of a time-window is used to calculate the probability distribution of the state at the end of that time-window, accounting for uncertainties in the system. A cost function that penalizes both excessively long as well as empty runway queues is used to determine the optimal pushback rate for that time-window, using dynamic programming. Since the level of uncertainty in the system increases with the length of time-window, the performance of the dynamic programming policy is evaluated, for different lengths of time-window and planning time horizon. Uncertainty in both arrival and departure demand parameters are evaluated in simulation. Case studies of LaGuardia International Airport (LGA) shows that the dynamic programming algorithm can potentially reduce the departure taxi-out time by over 175,000 minutes over a 2-month period, even in the presence of arrival and departure demand uncertainties, and a planning horizon of 45 minutes.
Quantifying the Impact of Edge Computing on Mobile Applications

Computational offloading services at the edge of the Internet for mobile devices are becoming a reality. Using a wide range of mobile applications, we explore how such infrastructure improves latency and energy consumption relative to the cloud. We present experimental results from WiFi and 4G LTE networks that confirm substantial wins from edge computing for highly interactive mobile applications.
Heart Rate Changes of Limited Value in Detection of Neonatal Seizures

Heart rate changes were studied during 169 seizures in 14 neonates with severe birth asphyxia at the Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Political Invasions into Collective Memories: Russia

This article analyzes the political manipulations of Vladimir Putin’s regime using the collective memory of World War II to undermine protest potential within Russian society in 2013–2015. In light of the unfolding Ukrainian protests against former president Viktor Yanukovych’s rule, Putin’s government has launched a massive propaganda campaign presenting the Ukrainian political resistance as a neofascist initiative. Given the close relationship between Russia and Ukraine and Putin’s low rating at the beginning of 2013, the political changes in Ukraine could provoke a similar public response and inspire anti-Putin insurgencies. The Russian media has established a strong correlation between fascist war crimes committed during World War II and the activities of protesters, thus trying to manipulate the Russian collective memory. Emphasizing the negative experience while repressing positive memories, media outlets have selectively presented historical events and facts in order to establish a negative image of the situation in modern Ukraine. Whereas propaganda associates Putin with war winners and the Soviet legacy, Ukrainian protesters are depicted as the ancestors of the defeated Nazi regime.
TCT-632 Implementation of a Moderate Sedation Protocol for Transfemoral Transcatheter Aortic Valve Replacement: A Review at 6 Months

Transfemoral transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TF TAVR) can be performed under general anesthesia (GA) or moderate sedation (MS). Despite observational studies suggesting a shorter length of stay (LOS), shorter procedural time and a similar mortality rate with MS, only 5% of patients
Distributed reactive control synthesis for aircraft electric power systems via SAT solving: WiP abstract

Designing complex distributed cyber-physical systems (CPSs) that can react to the events happening in their environment, while guaranteeing correct and safe behavior, is a challenging task. Recently proposed correct-by-construction control synthesis approaches aim to overcome this challenge by providing a principled approach that starts with accurate system models and formal system requirements and that algorithmically constructs the controllers to achieve desired closed loop behavior [3]. However, similar principled approaches for synthesis of distributed controllers are lacking, partly due to the undecidability of general distributed synthesis problem [2] when temporal logic requirements are considered.
An Infusion of Social Justice into Teaching and Learning

We present a narrative account of the effects of adopting a social justice perspective on one mathematician’s career path. We offer geographic and institutional context, explore interpretations of “social justice” and its intersections with mathematics, and describe implications for teaching and professional learning. We illustrate our explorations of this perspective in teaching first-year seminars, number theory for in-service teachers, mathematics for pre-service teachers, as well as some standard mathematics courses such as abstract algebra and linear algebra. The chapter ends with some reflections on the author’s professional development.
Mapping Factor VIIIa Inter-Subunit Interactions Using Chemical Modification and Zero-Length Cross-Linking.

Abstract Activated factor VIII (FVIIIa) is a complex of three subunits, designated A1, A2, and A3C1C2, that serves as a cofactor for factor IXa in the proteolytic activation of factor X. The structure and surface interactions between factor VIIIa subunits have yet to be fully defined, but a homology-based model is available as a predictive tool (Stoylova-McPhie et al, Blood, 2002). To investigate FVIIIa inter-subunit interactions we used a chemical modification approach to determine surface-exposed and potentially interactive residues. The protein modification reagents acetic anhydride and diethylpyrocarbonate (DEPC), that modify lysine and histidine residues, respectively, were used to identify residues that are modified in the free subunits but protected in the bound complex. The modified samples were digested with various proteases and the resulting digests were analyzed by MALDI-TOF mass spectrometry to determine sites of peptide modification (Figure 1). The majority of data observed was in agreement with the A1/A3C1C2 interface in the predicted model. Protection was observed at Lys-89, Lys-142, and Lys-230 in the A1 subunit, all of which are near the A3C1C2 interface. While most His residues were completely modified by DEPC, partial protection was seen at His-1954, His-1957, and His-1961 in A3C1C2, which we have previously shown to be an A1-interactive region (Ansong and Fay, Biochemistry, 2005). In addition to this data, we attempted to define inter-subunit contacts by covalently cross-linking the FVIIIa complex. Using the zero-length cross-linker 1-ethyl-3-[3-dimethylaminopropyl] carbodiimide (EDC), which cross-links Glu/Asp residues to Lys, four distinct cross-linked bands were identified by SDS-PAGE (Figure 2). The composition of the cross-linked products was determined using proteolytic digestion and MALDI analysis. The four products correspond to each possible combination of the three subunits. Interestingly, there are no candidate cross-link sites between A1 and A2 in the model, yet this cross-link is the most predominant of the four. One alternative is that the A1–A2 cross-link may involve the A1 337–372 region that is not represented in the model. Taken together, the data are directed toward physically defining interactive regions between FVIIIa subunits and serve to test and supplement current structure models. Download : Download high-res image (74KB) Download : Download full-size image
Social and Individual-Level Predictors of Alcohol Use Initiation and Escalation: Replicating and Extending Tests of Differential Effects.

Objective:Although alcohol use is considered a developmental phenomenon, there is a relative dearth of studies disaggregating predictors of alcohol use initiation versus early escalation of drinking. One perspective that has emerged is that social levels of influence may be relevant for the initiation of drinking, whereas individual levels of influence may be relevant for the early escalation in level of drinking among initiators, which we refer to as the specificity hypothesis.Method:A sample of alcohol-naive youth (n = 944; mean age = 12.16 years, SD = 0.96) was prospectively assessed for 3 years, spanning six waves of data collection.Results:Both social (parental conflict, perceived prevalence of peer drinking) and individual-level (higher sensation seeking) variables uniquely predicted increases in the likelihood of alcohol initiation. Likewise, both social (perceived descriptive norms of peer drinking) and individual-level (lower school grades, higher sensation seeking) variables uniquely predicted e...