cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automated Functional Imaging by 2D Speckle Tracking Echocardiography Reveals High Incidence of Abnormal Longitudinal Strain in a Cohort of Pediatric Oncology Patients.

Background Automated functional imaging (AFI) was introduced to two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography to facilitate strain assessment in the clinical settings. In patients treated with cardiotoxic anthracyclines, AFI may be helpful in the detection of early myocardial injury when left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) remains normal. Methods We retrospectively assessed feasibility of AFI in 143 echocardiograms on 102 subjects aged 0.4–22 years (mean 12.3) obtained over a 12-month period. We computed a Z-score for apical four-chamber longitudinal strain using published normal data to assess for abnormal strain in patients with and without previous exposure to anthracyclines. Results AFI was feasible in 95.1% of echocardiograms, with low inter- and intraobserver variability. There was a statistically significant association between abnormal longitudinal strain Z-score (SZ < −2.0) and depressed LVEF (<55%, P < 0.001). However, 46% of echocardiograms with normal LVEF had abnormal SZ; half of which had no prior anthracycline exposure. The correlation between SZ and LVEF was strongest in subjects exposed to anthracyclines (r2 = 0.12, P < 0.01). Increasing age was associated with decreasing SZ. Total cumulative dose, after adjusting for age, was inversely associated with SZ (r2 = 0.42, P < 0.001). Time from last dose of anthracycline had no significant association with SZ. Conclusions. AFI is highly feasible in the clinical settings. The observed high prevalence of abnormal longitudinal strain in our cohort emphasizes the importance of obtaining baseline measurements prior to anthracycline treatment. The effects of anthracycline on longitudinal strain may be dose and age dependent, with younger children less likely to show abnormalities.
A private matter: the implications of privacy regulations for intelligent transportation systems

ABSTRACTThe rapid development and deployment of Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) that utilize data on the movement of vehicles can greatly benefit transportation network operations and safety, but may test the limits of personal privacy. In this paper we survey the current state of legal and industry-led privacy protections related to ITS and find that the lack of existing standards, rules, and laws governing the collection, storage, and use of such information could both raise troubling privacy questions and potentially hinder implementation of useful ITS technologies. We then offer practical recommendations for addressing ITS-related privacy concerns though both privacy-by-design solutions (that build privacy protections into data collection systems), and privacy-by-policy solutions (that provide guidelines for data collection and treatment) including limiting the scope of data collection and use, assuring confidentially of data storage, and other ways to build trust and foster consumer consent.
Flying high above the social radar: Coronal stop deletion in modern Appalachia

In this paper I examine how a classic feature of variationist research, coronal stop deletion (CSD), operates at the end of the 20th century in one of the most renowned vernacular dialects in the United States, English in Appalachia. Through examination of CSD in a corpus of Appalachian speech, this paper also focuses on the methodological choices available. Several methodological questions are reviewed, such as the choices concerning voicing of the codas (wind vs. went vs. west). The corpus comprises interviews with 67 Appalachian speakers, yielding 17,694 tokens of potential CSD. These were analyzed using quantitative variationist methodology to reveal that morphological categories are less influential than even the preceding phonological environment. This finding is in stark contrast with some other vernacular varieties and suggests that apparent morphological influences are actually phonological influences that present themselves as morphological trends. Overall, the following phonological environment is overwhelmingly the most influential linguistic factor on the rate of CSD. These Appalachian speakers maintain relatively high rates, in effect constraining the social distinctions within Appalachia that could possibly be made using CSD, but marking them as vernacular speakers for those outside Appalachia.
Identifying the Convenience-Oriented Consumer:

Convenience-oriented consumers currently comprise a substantial and growing market about which little is known. Convenience-oriented consumer typologies are identified for patterns of convenience f...
Thyroid hormone and tissue cholesterol distribution.

SummaryThe effects of high and low concentrations of circulating thyroid hormone on the total cholesterol contents of plasma and liver, and on aortic cholesterol deposition were studied in rats fed a diet either low or high in cholesterol.In the hyperthyroid groups, the plasma cholesterol values were normal or slightly lower, and to some extent independent of the cholesterol content of the diet; in the thiouracil-treated series, the plasma cholesterol levels were significantly increased, reaching the highest values in the rats fed the high cholesterol diet.The liver cholesterol concentrations were normal in the animals not supplemented with dietary cholesterol, and strikingly increased in all groups fed the high cholesterol diet, to a great extent independently of the concentrations of circulating thyroid hormone.The aorta appeared macroscopically normal in all groups; microscopic examination revealed, in the cholestero-fed animals, a moderate cholesterol deposition, diffuse in the hyperthyroid rats, and ...
The Morphology of Polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) Thin Films Formed by Pulsed-Laser Deposition

Thin films of polytetrafluoroethylene have been formed by the pulsed-laser deposition technique. The structure of the films was found to be dependent upon the substrate temperature during deposition. At substrate temperatures from room temperature to 200°C the films were determined, by transmission electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction techniques, to be amorphous. Films formed at higher substrate temperatures were found to contain both amorphous and crystalline components. The data for the crystalline component is consistent with it being highly ordered with the long helical molecular chains aligned parallel to the film-substrate interface plane. The maximum amount of crystalline material occurred when the substrate temperature was close to the melting temperature of the polymer.
Impact of heart rate on diagnostic accuracy of 64-slice spiral computed tomography coronary angiography

Objective To evaluate the impact of heart rate on the diagnostic accuracy of coronary angiography by 64-slice spiral computed tomography. Methods A total of 148 patients with suspected or diagnosed coronary artery disease underwent 64-slice computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA),and the diagnostic outcome was compared with that of conventional coronary angiography (CCA). Patients were classified according to the heart rate into three groups:group I,≤65 bpm; group II,66—75 bpm; group III,75 bpm. Results Accounting for all segments,including lesions in non-assessable segments as false negatives,the sensitivity (SE),specificity (SP),positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) was 89.75%,98.63%,92.33% and 98.12%,respectively,for detecting stenoses ≥50%,and 90.22%,99.21%,91.71%,99.05%,respectively,for stenoses ≥75%. The SE,SP,PPV and NPV for detecting stenoses≥50% was 94.55%,98.80%,95.50% and 98.54% in group I,90.48%,98.43%,87.69% and 98.82% in group II,and 71.93%,95.91%,67.21% and 96.70% in group III. Conclusion 64-slice spiral computed tomography can be used as a noninvasive assessment method of significant coronary artery stenoses.
Mean-Dispersion Preferences with a Specific Dispersion Function

Abstract A popular approach to modeling ambiguity aversion is to decompose preferences into the subjective expected utility of an act and an ambiguity index, or an adjustment factor, or a dispersion function. However, in these approaches the dispersion function (or ambiguity index, or adjustment factor) has very little structure imposed on it, leaving the selection of a specific dispersion function in applications to be rather arbitrary. In this paper, working in the Anscombe–Aumann (1963) framework, we provide a simpler axiomatic characterization of mean-dispersion preferences which uniquely identifies the dispersion function from the infinite class of possible alternatives. We also obtain existence of unique subjective probabilities.
Rodent models of Helicobacter infection, inflammation and disease

Establishing a reproducible rodent model of persistent Helicobacter pylori infection that resembles the H. pylori-associated gastritis observed in humans was a considerable challenge until Lee et al (1) successfully adapted a clinical Cag A and Vac A-expressing strain for the mouse stomach. This so-called SS1 (Sydney) strain has since been extensively used for H. pylori research; other rodent-adapted Helicobacter strains have subsequently been developed and utilized in wild type and genetically engineered rodent models. These bacteria include both H. pylori and the larger but related species H. felis (originally isolated from cats). In this chapter we focus mainly on these two Helicobacter strains and review the rodent models that have been employed to investigate how Helicobacter species induce gastric inflammation and disease.
Anger and the virtues: a critical study in virtue individuation

Aristotle and others suggest that a single virtue – ‘good temper’ – pertains specifically to anger. I argue that if good temper is a single virtue, it is constituted by aspects of a combination of other virtues. I present three categories of anger-relevant virtues – those that (potentially) dispose one to anger; those that delay, mitigate, and qualify anger; and those required for effortful anger control – and show how virtues in each category make distinct contributions to good temper. In addition to clarifying the relationship between anger and the virtues, my analysis has theoretical implications for virtue individuation more generally, and practical implications for character cultivation.
Martyrs in religions

Samson said: “Let me die with the Philistines!” Then he pushed with all his might, and down came the temple … Thus he killed many more people when he died than when he lived. Judges 16:30 When he opened the fifth seal, I saw under the altar the souls of those who had been slain because of the word of God and the testimony they had maintained … each of them was given a white robe, and told to wait a little longer, until the number of their fellow servants and brothers who were to be killed was completed. Revelation 6:9, 11 Martyrdom means witness. Witness is the most powerful form of advertisement, because it communicates personal credibility and experience to an audience. Therefore, it is not surprising that the world's missionary religions have developed the art of the promotional martyrdom into a process that is identifiable and fairly constant through different faiths. Before dealing with the specific commonalities of Islamic martyrdom (Chapter 2) we will first examine the narrative progression that historically attested martyrs and stories of their martyrdoms have laid down for us: the portrayals of the enemy, the nature of the audience participation and subsequent commitment expected from it, and the form of the martyrdom narrative, which is the method of eternalizing the act and its pathos.
Bilateral earlobe creases and coronary artery disease.

Bilateral earlobe creases may be useful to look for in cases of suspected coronary artery disease.
A web-based interface for a system that designs sensor networks

We describe the approach taken in the design of the interface for a system that helps application engineers who are not trained in computer science/engineering to design sensor networks. We cite various taxonomies from the senor network literature that guided the design of the interface. We then describe the overall structure of the system to set the context for how the human interacts with it. We present some examples of the kind of data required to design a sensor network and describe how our interface collects that information. We note at many points in the presentation that a deep understanding of the data of the application allows for the design of an appropriate interface.
A qualitative exploration of companion involvement in the presurgical consent visit for patients undergoing major surgery for advanced cancer.

29Background: The decision to undergo non-emergent cancer surgery is complicated by risk of mortality and diminished quality of life weighed against potential benefits of extended life and symptom management. Sometimes, unanticipated clinical information or quality of life considerations (“disruptions”) arise during these pre-surgical visits, which can lead to to the surgery’s reconsideration, postponement, or cancelation. Little is known about disruptions. This paper explores case studies of how patients, companions, and surgeons negotiate surgical plan disruptions. Methods: This study is based on secondary analysis of pre-surgical recordings with 61 patients and nine surgeons. Patients were recruited at nine surgical oncology clinics at an academic tertiary care hospital from July 2015-September 2016. Qualitative analysis incorporated existing theory and inductively developed codes. Results: Four of the 61 pre-surgical visits were identified as having a disruption. Each case study explores the presentat...
Service Provider Absenteeism: What Happens When You’re Not There? An Abstract

Service provider absenteeism is defined as an instance in which a preferred service provider is not present at the expected time of service provision. Service provider absenteeism is a topic that has remained untouched in the relationship marketing literature, and yet instances of service provider absenteeism may represent possible transformational relationship events (Harmeling, Palmatier, Houston, Arnold, and Samaha, 2015). As such, this topic should be of concern to practitioners and academics alike. The purpose of the present research is to begin the process of understanding the effects of service provider absenteeism on business-to-consumer relationships.
Involvement of ras in sexual differentiation but not in growth control in fission yeast.

Abstract The function of the ras+ gene of Schizosaccharomyces pombe has been studied by constructing null and activated alleles of this gene. An activated allele (rasVal 12) inhibits conjugation but has no effect on cell growth, entry into stationary phase or sporulation. The phenotype of rasVal 12 is distinct from that caused by elevating the intracellular level of cAMP. This supports the hypothesis that ras of fission yeast does not modulate adenylate cyclase in a manner analogous to S. cerevisiae RAS. Introduction of a human ras sequence into fission yeast cells containing a non-functional null allele of ras restored the sexual differentiation process thus indicating that the human sequence can complement S. pombe ras. Our data suggest that although ras genes are highly conserved across a considerable evolutionary divide, the cellular function of the ras gene product varies in different organisms.
A New Algorithm for Finding Positive Eigenvectors for a Class of Nonlinear Operators Associated with M-matrices

In this paper we state the sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of positive eigenvectors for a class of nonlinear operators associated with M-matrices. We also show how to construct a convergent iterative process for finding these eigenvectors. The details of numerical implementation of this algorithm for some spectral methods of discretization of elliptic partial differential equations are also discussed. Some results of numerical experiments for the Gross-Pitaevskii Equation with non-separable potentials in a rectangular domain are given in the end of the paper.
Paleoecology and Evolution

Fossil radiolaria are significant sources of information in the earth sciences for micropaleontological research on stratigraphy, paleoecology, and cognate disciplines. Consequently, a substantial body of literature has appeared on the morphology of radiolarian skeletons, their relation to the history of ancient and modern environments, and the events that shaped the evolution of the marine environment over vast periods of time. As with any historical research, the evidence used in reconstructing past environments is of necessity inferential. Much of the evidence must be considered post facto, since it is not possible to recreate or to find in the present environment those exact or even very similar circumstances that surrounded these early events. In some cases, the conditions are sufficiently uniform over time that good extrapolations can be made from correlations with modern events. It is clearly impossible, however, to recreate experimentally vast ecosystems simulating early Earth environments. Thus the fields of paleoecology and evolution are epistemologically grounded in a type of historical research paradigm that excludes the precision of controlled experimental studies in elucidating causal relations.
Composite materials for spinal implants

Abstract Spinal disorders due to trauma, pathology, or normal aging can compromise the quality of life. The structure and function of the spine are unique and very complex. The intervertebral disc (IVD) plays an important role in the biomechanics of the spine since its mechanical function results in absorbing shock and distributing axial loads whilst providing flexibility. For this reason, the IVD degeneration may be considered one of the most common causes of low back pain. Indeed, the progressive degeneration usually provides a loss of water and a consequent loss of disc height. Thus the annulus fibrosus and ligaments result pretensioned, creating a mechanically unstable environment which may lead to a spinal degenerative cascade. Even though good short-term clinical results have been obtained through spinal fusion for traumatic and degenerative spinal disorders, long-term studies have shown an alteration in the spine stability. In order to overcome these problems, an artificial IVD has been proposed as an alternative to spinal fusion. Consequently, several models of IVD prosthesis have been developed to restore the normal kinematics and load-sharing properties of the natural IVD. Over the past years, metals, ceramics, and polymers have been widely involved in designing interbody fusion devices and IVD prostheses. Because of their ability to mimic the structure and the mechanical properties of natural tissues, polymer-based composite biomaterials have been developed to overcome the drawbacks related to the use of conventional materials. Firstly, the present chapter describes the state of the art of spinal implants such as interbody spacers and IVD prostheses made of conventional materials, then it highlights the role of composite biomaterials for spine applications. In particular, this chapter underlines the possibility to design multifunctional devices with tailored mechanical properties. In this scenario, a biomimetic approach and a pilot-scale production of customised total artificial IVDs with adequate transport, biological and mechanical properties, are also reported. Finally, in the field of advanced biomaterials for spinal applications, future trends and strategies are discussed.
Automatically inferring database schemas

The goal of this research is to investigate the possibility of automatically inferring a database schema. Our motivation is to make the task of the database designer easier. We require the designer only to provide a picture of how she expects the database to be used. This is provided in the form of natural language queries which the database might be expected to answer. The system synthesises a schema from this information. The above problem can be viewed as a problem in learning. The inference method we are proposing incrementally constructs the schema. The central idea of the inference mechanism is that it exploits certain features occurring in natural languages, namely, the syntactic structure of sentences.
MrpJ Directly Regulates Proteus mirabilis Virulence Factors, Including Fimbriae and Type VI Secretion, during Urinary Tract Infection.

ABSTRACT Proteus mirabilis is a leading cause of catheter-associated urinary tract infections (CAUTIs) and urolithiasis. The transcriptional regulator MrpJ inversely modulates two critical aspects of P. mirabilis UTI progression: fimbria-mediated attachment and flagellum-mediated motility. Transcriptome data indicated a network of virulence-associated genes under MrpJ9s control. Here, we identify the direct gene regulon of MrpJ and its contribution to P. mirabilis pathogenesis, leading to the discovery of novel virulence targets. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP-seq) was used for the first time in a CAUTI pathogen to probe for in vivo direct targets of MrpJ. Selected MrpJ-regulated genes were mutated and assessed for their contribution to UTI using a mouse model. ChIP-seq revealed a palindromic MrpJ binding sequence and 78 MrpJ-bound regions, including binding sites upstream of genes involved in motility, fimbriae, and a type VI secretion system (T6SS). A combinatorial mutation approach established the contribution of three fimbriae (fim8A, fim14A, and pmpA) to UTI and a new pathogenic role for the T6SS in UTI progression. In conclusion, this study (i) establishes the direct gene regulon and an MrpJ consensus binding site and (ii) led to the discovery of new virulence genes in P. mirabilis UTI, which could be targeted for therapeutic intervention of CAUTI.
Pedagogical Content Knowledge in a Mathematics Adolescent Education Master of Arts Program: A Case Study

This chapter is a case study examining the symbiotic relationship among an Arts and Sciences mathematics department, a school of education, and a large urban public school district, as a context for the development of pedagogical content knowledge in the curriculum. Specifically, Hunter College, CUNY, has a long-standing master’s program in adolescent mathematics education, which is a joint program with the Department of Mathematics and Statistics and the School of Education. Recently a subset of students in this program have also been involved in a teacher education residency program funded by the National Science Foundation. One of the goals of this residency program is to explore various interpretations of pedagogical content knowledge and their implementation in the college and the high school curriculum. This chapter describes several of the courses in this master’s program, which seem to be fertile grounds for pedagogical content knowledge. We consider the creation of a new course, dealing with misconceptions in mathematics learning, which explicitly revolves around the idea of PCK, a geometry course which was revised and optimized for the teacher education master’s program and incorporates PCK, and an existing problem-solving course, which naturally contains elements of PCK.
S-Nitrosoglutathione Reductase Is Essential for Protecting the Female Heart From Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury.

Rationale: Protein S-nitros(yl)ation (SNO) has been implicated as an essential mediator of nitric oxide-dependent cardioprotection. Compared with males, female hearts exhibit higher baseline levels...
The Geography and Equity of Crowdsourced Public Participation for Active Transportation Planning

Transportation planners increasingly use new forms of online public participation alongside traditional in-person approaches, including crowdsourcing tools capable of encouraging geographically spe...
Differences in Maternal Immunoglobulins within Mother’s Own Breast Milk and Donor Breast Milk and across Digestion in Preterm Infants

Maternal antibody transfer to the newborn provides essential support for the infant’s naive immune system. Preterm infants normally receive maternal antibodies through mother’s own breast milk (MBM) or, when mothers are unable to provide all the milk required, donor breast milk (DBM). DBM is pasteurized and exposed to several freeze–thaw cycles, which could reduce intact antibody concentration and the antibody’s resistance to digestion within the infant. Whether concentrations of antibodies in MBM and DBM differ and whether their survival across digestion in preterm infants differs remains unknown. Feed (MBM or DBM), gastric contents (MBM or DBM at 1-h post-ingestion) and stool samples (collected after a mix of MBM and DBM feeding) were collected from 20 preterm (26–36 weeks gestational age) mother–infant pairs at 8–9 and 21–22 days of postnatal age. Samples were analyzed via ELISA for the concentration of secretory IgA (SIgA), total IgA (SIgA/IgA), total IgM (SIgM/IgM) and IgG. Total IgA, SIgA, total IgM and IgG concentrations were 55.0%, 71.6%, 98.4% and 41.1% higher in MBM than in DBM, and were 49.8%, 32.7%, 73.9% and 39.7% higher in gastric contents when infants were fed with MBM than when infants were fed DBM, respectively. All maternal antibody isotypes present in breast milk were detected in the infant stools, of which IgA (not sIgA) was the most abundant.
Fostering adolescent curiosity through a question brainstorming intervention.

Abstract Introduction High adolescent curiosity is associated with several positive outcomes, yet questioning, a common behavioral manifestation of curiosity, declines once children enter formal schooling. The present quasi-experimental study empirically investigated whether directly teaching students to question helps to foster students’ more enduring, dispositional tendency towards curiosity. Method The study explored the impact of a direct-instruction student-brainstorming intervention, the Question Formulation Technique (QFT), on adolescents' curiosity. The study's sample included adolescents (N = 3173) in four public high schools in the United States nested within 43 educators' English/Language Arts classrooms. Teachers (N = 43) were randomly assigned to two groups, one of which received professional development in the QFT in fall 2015 and the other in the winter of 2016. The study utilized student self-report questionnaires and teacher fidelity checks at three time points (fall, winter, and spring) to consider the impact of the QFT on participating adolescents' curiosity. Results Multilevel modeling results indicated a positive treatment effect of the QFT on adolescents' curiosity, a positive adherence effect on adolescents' curiosity growth, and a positive dosage effect on adolescents’ curiosity growth. Conclusions The study suggests that adolescent dispositional curiosity can be significantly increased by directly teaching students to question.
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphoma: Mycosis Fungoides and Sézary Syndrome

Cutaneous T-cell lymphomas (CTCLs) represent a wide range of clinical entities with differing pathogenesis and responses to treatment. This chapter will review the most common classifications of CTCL, which include mycosis fungoides (MF), MF variants, and Sezary syndrome (SS). Clinical and pathologic staging systems will be discussed in detail along with the implication of staging on clinical outcomes. Current therapy approaches consist of topical, systemic, or combined therapies depending on stage of disease and comorbidities. Due to the complexity of disease presentations and therapy selections available, assessment and treatment recommendations are best delivered by a multidisciplinary team.
Goal-oriented A Posteriori Error Estimates in Finite Hyperelasticity

Coming full circle in this chapter, expansions of the goal-oriented error estimation procedures presented in the preceding chapter to the finite hyperelasticity problem within both Newtonian and Eshelbian mechanics are derived for compressible and (nearly) incompressible materials. These error estimation procedures represent the most challenging ones presented in this monograph from both theoretical and numerical points of view. As a consequence, attention is focused on the derivation of error approximations rather than upper- or lower-bound error estimates. In the nonlinear case, a natural norm, such as the energy norm does not exist. The estimation of the general error measures introduced in the preceding chapter, on the other hand, does not necessarily rely on norm-based error estimators and thus allows for the derivation of a more versatile approach in a posteriori error estimation that can be employed in this chapter. Throughout this chapter, we confine ourselves to Galerkin mesh-based methods although similar error estimation procedures can also be developed for Galerkin meshfree methods.
Electron-phonon coupling and electron mobility in degenerately doped oxides from first-principles (Conference Presentation)

Recent developments in growing highly n-doped wide bandgap oxides like β-Ga2O3 and more recently ZnGa2O4 hint to important applications, such as transparent electrodes and ohmic contacts. Attempts to interpret the phonon contribution to the measured magnetoconductivity raise fundamental questions on the interplay between the large number of phonon modes in these lattices, electron-phonon scattering, and lattice disorder. Here, we present density functional theory (DFT) modeling of electron-phonon scattering for a wide range of n-carrier concentrations and temperatures in β-Ga2O3 and ZnGa2O4 . The calculated coupling strengths are corroborated with zone-unfolded phonon spectra extrapolated from a series of simulation supercells of different sizes and with calculated dielectric functions. The results provide a first-principles understanding of dominant low-field mobility features suggested by phenomenological models used traditionally for semiconductors with high lattice symmetry.
8 – Techniques of Integration

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how one can recognize classes of functions that can be integrated in the sense of actually finding a recognizable antiderivative. There are many techniques which have evolved over a period of decades particular to the detection of particular integrals. The most notable of such techniques is called integration by parts; it is derived from the product rule of differentiation. Thereafter, it is possible to simplify a large number of complicated-looking integrals by making an appropriate trigonometric substitution. There are sometimes two or more ways to integrate a rational function with a quadratic denominator. Many other types of expressions can be integrated by making appropriate substitution, but there is no obvious way to find the one substitution that works, and it is often necessary to resort to trial and error. There are extensive tables of integrals made available at present to the student for aid in applications.
Rethinking the use of Multi-User Virtual Environments in education

Multi-User Virtual Environments (MUVEs) have gained more prominence in education of late; however, the question of their theoretically sound implementation remains relatively understudied. The curr...
Getting in the game: Putting golf at the forefront of your networking toolbox

Abstract Networking is imperative for career success in business, particularly in industries like sales and marketing. Success in the sales industry is directly tied to networking and building relationships. In this article, we shed light on the relationship between women, business, and golf as a potential networking tool. Many believe golf is the piece de resistance of business networking, yet there is no research to support this assumption. To boot, women report golf as one of the primary informal networks they feel excluded from, which creates a disadvantage for women working in sales in marketing. We conducted a content analysis of over 500 pages of articles about women and golf from which three primary categories emerged: the benefits of golf for women in business, the effects of not golfing, and the reasons why women don’t golf. We include recommendations for managers who may want to encourage their teams to get in the game.
Patient-reported treatment delays in breast cancer care during the COVID-19 pandemic.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic has had a profound impact on cancer care in the US Guidelines focused on the management of COVID-19, rather than healthcare needs of breast cancer patients requiring access to crucial services. This US survey of breast cancer survivors characterizes treatment delays early period in the pandemic. We developed a survey and administered it to 609 adult breast cancer survivors in the US. We used snowball sampling with invitations distributed via social media. We used logistic regression to select a model of delay from a pool of independent variables including race, cancer stage, site of care, health insurance, and age. We used descriptive statistics to characterize delay types. Forty-four percent of participants reported cancer care treatment delays during the pandemic. Delays in all aspects of cancer care and treatment were reported. The only variable which had a significant effect was age (97 (.95, 99), p < 0.001) with younger respondents (M = 45.94, SD = 10.31) reporting a higher incidence of delays than older respondents (M = 48.98, SD = 11.10). There was no significant effect for race, insurance, site of care, or cancer stage. Our findings reveal a pervasive impact of COVID-19 on breast cancer care and a gap in disaster preparedness that leaves cancer survivors at risk for poor outcomes. Delays are critical to capture and characterize to help cancer providers and healthcare systems develop effective and patient–tailored processes and strategies to manage cases during the current pandemic wave, subsequent waves, and future disasters.
An Engaging and Fun Breakout Activity for Educators and Students about Laboratory Safety

To maintain a safe laboratory working environment, academic institutions are highly committed to providing safety training to all employees, and engaging educators and students in the process must be an integral component of an overall safety training program. At SUNY Plattsburgh, annual mandatory safety training is required for all employees. One of the main challenges is trying to maintain a high level of engagement of educators during the safety training session. This recently led to designing an engaging and simple hands-on breakout safety activity to teach educators and students about safe laboratory practices. The breakout safety activity mimics the fun of a typical “escape room” game. The different components of the breakout safety activity and the effect on the level of engagement of the participants are highlighted here. The versatility of the novel breakout safety activity is appealing as it can easily be modified for various science laboratories and implemented with diverse participants including educators and undergraduate and graduate students. Overall, this new breakout safety activity turned out to be not only engaging, but also fun and effective for all.
Frontoparietal network and neuropsychological measures in typically developing children.

Abstract Resting-state activity has been used to gain a broader understanding of typical and aberrant developmental changes. However, the developmental trajectory of resting-state activity in relation to cognitive performance has not been studied in detail. The present study assessed spectral characteristics of theta (5–8 Hz) and alpha (9–13 Hz) frequency bands during resting-state in a priori selected regions of the frontoparietal network (FPN). We also examined the relationship between resting-state activity and cognitive performance in typically developing children. We hypothesized that older children and children with high attentional scores would have higher parietal alpha activity and frontal theta activity while at rest compared to young children and those with lower attentional scores. MEG data were collected in 65 typically developing children, ages 9–14 years, as part of the Developmental Chronnecto-Genomics study. Resting-state data were collected during eyes open and eyes closed for 5 min. Participants completed the NIH Toolbox Flanker Inhibitory Control (FICA) and Attention Test and Dimensional Change Card Sort Test (DCCS) to assess top-down attentional control. Spectral power density was used to characterize the FPN. We found during eyes open and eyes closed, all participants had higher theta and alpha power in parietal regions relative to frontal regions. The group with high attentional scores had higher alpha power during resting-state eyes closed compared to those with low attentional scores. However, there were no significant differences between age groups, suggesting changes in the maturation of neural oscillations in theta and alpha are not evident among children in the 9-14-year age range.
Computer delivered intervention for alcohol and sexual risk reduction among women attending an urban sexually transmitted infection clinic: A randomized controlled trial

Abstract Objective We sought to determine if a computer delivered brief alcohol intervention (CBI) with or without interactive voice response counseling and text messages (CBI-IVR-TM), reduced alcohol use and sexual risk behaviors compared to attention control. Methods We conducted a 3-arm RCT among women (n = 439) recruited from Baltimore City Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) Clinics. Eligibility included: 1) consumption of >7 drinks per week or 2) ≥2 episodes of heavy episodic drinking or ≥2 episodes of sex under the influence of alcohol in the prior three months. Research assessments conducted at baseline, 3, 6 and 12 months included a 30-day Timeline Followback querying daily alcohol use, drug use, and sexual activity. We used the MINI International Neuropsychiatric Interview-DSM-IV to ascertain drinking severity. Primary alcohol outcomes included: drinking days, heavy drinking days, drinks per drinking day. Secondary sexual risk outcomes included number of sexual partners, days of condomless sex, and days of condomless sex under the influence of drugs and alcohol. Results Median age was 31 (IQR 25–44 years), 88% were African American, 65% reported current recreational drug use, and 26% endorsed depressive symptoms. On the MINI 66% met criteria for alcohol use disorder (49% alcohol dependence, 18% abuse). At follow-up, all three groups reduced drinking days, heavy drinking days, drinks per drinking day and drinks per week with no significant differences between study arms. There was no difference in sexual risk outcomes among the groups. Conclusions Among women attending an urban STI clinic single session CBI with or without IVR and text message boosters was insufficient to reduce unhealthy alcohol use or sexual risk behaviors beyond control. The high severity of alcohol use and the prevalence of mental health symptoms and other substance use comorbidity underscores the importance of developing programs that address not only alcohol use but other determinants of STI risk among women.
Minimal DNA Electron Transfer Catalysts Switched by a Chaotropic Ion

Here we demonstrate that a DNA nanodevice can perform switchable electron transfer. The nanodevice is comprised of two strands, one of which can be selectively switched between a G-quadruplex and duplex or single-stranded conformations. In the G-quadruplex state, it binds the cofactor hemin, enabling peroxidase activity. This switching ability arises from our discovery that perchlorate, a chaotropic Hofmeister ion, selectively destabilizes duplex over G-quadruplex DNA. By varying perchlorate concentration, we show that the device can be switched between states that do and do not catalyze electron transfer catalysis. State switching can be achieved in three ways: thermally, by dilution, or by concentration. In each case, when operated in the presence of the cofactor hemin, the device catalyzes electron transfer in only the G-quadruplex state.
Update on Management of the OMFS Patient on Corticosteroids.

Corticosteroids have been the cornerstone for treatment of many inflammatory and immune disorders with these beneficial effects well recognized by the medical community. It also possesses many undesirable clinical adverse effects that can occur within 2 weeks of use. Moreover, in the past decade, chronic users of corticosteroids have been linked to skeletal (vertebral and hip) osteoporosis/osteonecrosis with some patients requiring adjunctive antiresprotive medications to counteract fracture prevention. Additionally, two case reports have implicated daily prednisone user to cause osteonecrosis of the mandible. This chapter highlights current adrenal suppression classifications, pathophysiology, drug interactions, and perioperative surgical and anesthesia management.
Magic Numbers and Geminate Recombination Dynamics of Anions in Water Clusters

Several recent reports1–3 involving the hydration of anions in water clusters have suggested that the solvation occurs in an asymmetric fashion where water molecules “wet” one side of the cluster, leaving the anion exposed at or near the surface of the cluster. This result appears to arise from the strength of the hydrogen bonded network compared to the ion-water interaction, raising the interesting question of how large the anionic clusters must be before the anion is indeed surrounded by the medium. At present, there are no good structural diagnostics capable of establishing the location of the solute anion in water clusters, and we therefore take this opportunity to report two properties of A–·(H2O)n clusters which indirectly bear on the question of structure: the evolution of magic numbers in the parent ion distribution with the nature of the solute anion and the geminate recombination probability of a photodissociated anion within the water clusters. We typically find at least one magic number in the A−.(H2O)n clusters in the vicinity of n=15–20. In order to explore whether these numbers are signalling encapsulated structures or “shell closings”, we have taken a closer look at the O− 2 (H2O)n system where we photodissociate the O− 2 Superoxide anion within the cluster and monitor the geminate recombination probability to establish the ability of the water molecules to “stop” the ejected oxygen atom. We indeed find a break in the recombination propensity around n=15, somewhat above the magic number (n=13) in that system. This behavior is compared to that displayed by dissociation of dihalide anions in carbon dioxide clusters,4–6 where the geminate recombination probability is strongly correlated to the location of magic numbers in the mass spectrum.
Langmuir-Blodgett Films of Potential Organic Rectifiers

We review here the progress made towards the goal of a truly unimolecular device, the organic rectifier. A unimolecular device, by definition, is an electronic or other device whose active principle is based on the manipulation of the molecular geometry, or the molecular conformation, of a single organic molecule or a small cluster. This goal is at the forefront of a new field of research, called “molecular electronics” (ME), which aims to fill a future need: conventional “inorganic” microelectronic devices, based on silicon, gallium arsenide or germanium, must become ever smaller because of the need for faster electronic circuits, but the fabrication difficulties will rise rapidly and, at the nanometer level, organic molecules, with the tunability of their molecular orbitals, should offer significant advantages.
Optimization of humanoid's motions under multiple constraints in vehicle ingress task

This paper presents an approach on whole-body motion optimization for a humanoid robot to enter a ground vehicle. Motion capture system (mocap) was used to plan an initial suboptimal motion. Reinforcement learning was then implemented to optimize the trajectories with respect to kinematic and torque limits at the both body and the joint level. The cost functions in the body level calculated a robot's static balancing ability, collisions and validity of the end-effector movement. Balancing and collision checks were computed from kinematic models of the robot and the vehicle model. Energy consumption such as torque limit obedience was checked at the joint level. Energy cost was approximated as joint torque, measured from a dynamic model. Various penalties such as joint angle and velocity limits were also computed in the joint level. Physical limits of each joint ensured both spatial and temporal smoothness of the generated trajectories. Finally, experimental evaluations of the presented approach were demonstrated through simulation and physical platforms in a real environment.
Evolutionary Psychology and the Social Sciences

This essay provides a general, nontechnical survey of the field of evolutionary psychology and discusses some of the implications of evolutionary psychology for law and the social sciences. The focus of the essay is on the "four paths to cooperation" in nature that have been identified by evolutionary psychologists. Through this discussion, the essay illuminates the importance of evolutionary psychology for a proper understanding of social norms, the state, constitutions, and the evolution of cooperation in the absence of culture, informal norms, legal rules, and political institutions. By understanding the evolution of cooperation absent these other forces it becomes possible to understand the sources and the importance of norms, rules, and institutions, at the margin. Discussion of these social institutions is incomplete without a grounding in evolutionary psychology. The essay concludes with a survey of developing issues in law and the social sciences that could be fruitfully studied through the lens of evolutionary psychology.
An Evaluation of Arizona Cooperative Extension’s Rangeland Monitoring Program

Abstract We evaluated Arizona Cooperative Extension's Rangeland Monitoring Program with the use of focus groups and a self-administered mail survey of grazing permittees and natural resource agency employees. Our primary objectives were to 1) determine whether Extension is reaching its target audience, 2) describe the monitoring practices and attitudes of permittees and agency staff, 3) determine whether there is a relationship between permittees' exposure to Cooperative Extension and their monitoring and management practices, and 4) identify the monitoring information needs and preferences of permittees and natural resource agency staff. We found that Arizona's rangeland monitoring Extension program has been effective in reaching a large part of its target audience, and a significant proportion of Arizona permittees monitor on public, private, and state-owned rangelands. However, overall monitoring adoption rates remain low. Extension contact is associated with use of monitoring and other beneficial mana...
Molecular weight fractions of natural foods that stimulate feeding in crustaceans, with data from the lobster Homarus americanus..

The fraction of a tissue extract of Mytilus edulis containing molecules less than ca. 1000 daltons was as effective as the unfractionated tissue extract in eliciting two phases of feeding behavior, grabbing and ingestion, by the lobster Homarus americanus, while the fraction containing molecules greater than ca. 1000 daltons was inactive at the concentration tested. These results with H. americanus, together with studies of other species, indicate that chemical cues used by marine crustaceans in feeding on animal tissues can be molecules of widely varying size but are usually molecules of low molecular weight. Recent evidence of “mixture suppression” in crustaceans is discussed, and mixture suppression is suggested as a possible explanation for why different tissues have been found to contain their most stimulatory activity in different molecular weight fractions.
Father-child separation, retrospective and current views of attachment relationship with father, and self-esteem in late adolescence.

Relationships between paternal separation in childhood and adult measures of self-esteem, paternal acceptance and independence-encouragement were investigated with 236 nonparent college students as...