cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Accurate and efficient target prediction using a potency-sensitive influence-relevance voter.

A number of algorithms have been proposed to predict the biological targets of diverse molecules. Some are structure-based, but the most common are ligand-based and use chemical fingerprints and the notion of chemical similarity. These methods tend to be computationally faster than others, making them particularly attractive tools as the amount of available data grows. Using a ChEMBL-derived database covering 490,760 molecule-protein interactions and 3236 protein targets, we conduct a large-scale assessment of the performance of several target-prediction algorithms at predicting drug-target activity. We assess algorithm performance using three validation procedures: standard tenfold cross-validation, tenfold cross-validation in a simulated screen that includes random inactive molecules, and validation on an external test set composed of molecules not present in our database. We present two improvements over current practice. First, using a modified version of the influence-relevance voter (IRV), we show that using molecule potency data can improve target prediction. Second, we demonstrate that random inactive molecules added during training can boost the accuracy of several algorithms in realistic target-prediction experiments. Our potency-sensitive version of the IRV (PS-IRV) obtains the best results on large test sets in most of the experiments. Models and software are publicly accessible through the chemoinformatics portal at http://chemdb.ics.uci.edu/
Are the Macroeconomic Effects Greater from an Oil Price Shock or a Global Oil Demand Shock

Since a higher oil price has preceded ten out of the last eleven U.S. recessions, the macroeconomic responses to different oil market shocks concern policymakers. Although these responses might be declining, there is evidence indicating it is not fluctuations in the oil price that matters but the underlying causes of the fluctuation. The primary underlying cause since the 1970s has been from a global oil demand shock. This paper examines whether the macroeconomic responses to a global oil demand shock are greater than to oil price shocks caused by other oil market factors. Estimating a four-variable VAR with quarterly data from 1974:1-2011:3 and constructing a structural VAR with long-run restrictions, I compare the responses to natural rate of unemployment, global oil demand or oil price, aggregate supply, and aggregate demand shocks on the unemployment rate, economic output, and the headline and core inflation rates. The results indicate that the responses to a global oil demand shock are greater than from other oil market shocks. Policymakers should not necessarily be concerned with the price of oil, but how their policies influence, or react, to global economic activity.
194Antimicrobial Stewardship Evaluation of Meropenem Use at a Large Academic Medical Center

 Due to broad spectrum of activity and high potential to cause collateral damage, meropenem is restricted to:  Antimicrobial Stewardship Program (ASP), Infectious Diseases (ID), and Critical Care (CC) Disclosure: The authors of this presentation have nothing to disclose concerning possible financial or personal relationships with commercial entities. Contact Information: Yanina Dubrovskaya, PharmD, AQ-ID NYU Langone Medical Center 550 First Avenue New York, NY 10016 Email: yanina.dubrovskaya@nyumc.org
A Seventeenth-Century Encomienda: Chimaltenango, Guatemala.

Captain Francisco Antonio de Fuentes y Guzman, whose proud boast it was (as he never tires of reminding us) that he was the great-great-grandson of Bernal Diaz del Castillo, in his erratic, rambling, and frequently delightful Recordacion Florida (c. 1690), has this to say about the ancient town that will be the subject of this article: Three smooth and pleasant leagues north of this City of Goathemala, on a road thickly studded with villages and tile yards, upon a high eminence in the midst of a wide and marvelous plain, but so accessible and gently sloping that, despite the many carts, the journey can be made quite comfortably in a carriage, lies the town of Chimaltenango (called by the Indians, Bocco ). This broad and smiling plain is always clothed with pleasant and fertile meadows, and with rich and extensive cornfields. It is more than sixteen leagues in circumference, of rich and very fecund soil, and produces in abundance, corn, chickpeas, beans, capons and chickens, as well as other things… . The Indians of the district do not cultivate other crops, but maintain themselves with what it yields, so that the people of its villages are plentifully supplied with everything, according to their own way of living, and have no need to seek food elsewhere… . On the contrary, the people from other villages come to their market to buy whatever they lack … , so that for three leagues roundabout (the distance to which their commerce extends) there is as much provender as one finds in the abundant markets of Goathemala City.
SEX-ROLE ORIENTATION AND COGNITIVE COMPLEXITY

The relative adaptability and flexibility of individuals not tied to specific sex-role behaviors, i.e., androgyny ( 2 ) , might reflect complementary high cognitive maturity. To test this, 37 female undergraduates completed five measures of sex-role orientation and rwo measures of cognitive complexity. The use of multiple measures provides a broad test of the hypothesized relationship. Subjects completed Bem's Sex-role Inventory ( I ) , Brogan and Kutner's Sex-role Orientation Scale ( 3 ) , Levison and Huffman's Traditional Faniily Ideology Scale ( 6 ) , Roberts and Woertzel's measure of feminine life style ( 7 ) , and Smith, Ferre, and Miller's FEM scale ( 8 ) . High scores on the orientation, FEW, and life-style measures reflect less traditional sex-role orientation. High scores on Bem's and family ideology scales indicate more traditional sex-role orientation. Subjects also completed two measures of cognitive complexity; the Paragraph Completion Test (5 ) and Harvey's "This I Believe" test ( 4 ) . Contrary to our hypothesis there were no significant relationships betwe:n sex-role orientation and cognitive complexity.
Susceptibility of weeds in Echinochloa to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides and the mechanism

Echinochloa( barnyardgrass) has long been considered as one of the most troublesome weeds,causing significant yield loss due to its superiority to rice in competition. The Echinochloa could be classified to eight geographic species in Jiangsu province of China. To date,however,limited information is available on susceptibility of eight Echinochloa species to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. Therefore,the aim of this study was to investigate the susceptibility differences of eight Echinochloa species to aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides using whole-plant bioassay,and their physiological bases was also explored. The results,based on clustering analysis of GR50 in dry matter after 25-day treatment,showed that E. crusgalli( L.) Beavu,and E.crusgalli Beauv var. zelayensis( H. B. K) Hitche were respectively susceptible to metamifop and cyhalofopbutyl,while E. crusgalli Beauv var. zelayensis( H. B. K) Schult was tolerant to both herbicides. The susceptible difference also existed in different populations of Echinochloa to two types of aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides. The analyses of the protective enzyme activities revealed that the content of malondialdehyde( MDA) increased in the stem and leaves of E. cruspavonis( H. B. K) Schult,E. crusgalli( L.) Beauv var. zelayensis( H. B. K) Hitche and E. crusgalli( L.) Beavu with the increased doses of aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides over time of the application of metamifop or cyhalofopbutyl,and the content of MDA in susceptible population was higher than that in tolerant population in the same dose treatment. The activities of peroxidase( POD),catalase( CAT),and superoxide dismutase( SOD) ascended at first and descended afterwards after two herbicides treatment. The increases in the protective enzymes activities of susceptible populations were lower than that in tolerant one. At the end of the treatment,three kinds of enzymes activities in the susceptible population were lower than that in tolerant one. The results indicated that the slight change and higher activities in membrane lipid peroxidase and lower content of MDA in aryloxyphenoxypropionate herbicides-tolerant population of Echinochloa might be responsible for the tolerance.
Analysis of epidemic situation of Marmota himalayana plague natural focus in Gansu Provence

Objective To understand epidemic situation of Marmota himalayana plague natural focus in Gansu Province and to predominate dynamic tendency of epidemic situation in future.Methods Surveillance data of human and animal plague from 2000 to 2009 were analyzed with statistics.Results There were 4 outbreaks of human plague,with 4 cases of onset and 2 cases died from 2000 to 2009.440 strains of Y.pestis were isolated with 318 strains from animals and 122 strains from arthropods,and detection rate of 1.60% in animals and 1.20% in arthropod.418 positive samples were detected with positive rate of 3.50%.Conclusions Animal plague epidemic is in violent periods in recent years.Stringency should be done well in control of human plague.
Diagnosis of Iron-Deficiency Anemia in Chronic Kidney Disease

Anemia is a common and clinically important consequence of chronic kidney disease (CKD). It is most commonly a result of decreased erythropoietin production by the kidneys and/or iron deficiency. Deciding on the appropriate treatment for anemia associated with CKD with iron replacement and erythropoietic-stimulating agents requires an ability to accurately diagnose iron-deficiency anemia. However, the diagnosis of iron-deficiency anemia in CKD patients is complicated by the relatively poor predictive ability of easily obtained routine serum iron indices (eg, ferritin and transferrin saturation) and more invasive gold standard measures of iron deficiency (eg, bone marrow iron stores) or erythropoietic response to supplemental iron. In this review, we discuss the diagnostic utility of currently used serum iron indices and emerging alternative markers of iron stores.
WE-F-204-01: Some Lessons from a Career in Research

In recent years heavy focus has been placed on clinical careers in medical physics, and the pathways to such careers are well-known and well-described. For the future advancement of the field of medical physics, it is necessary the focus also include research-oriented careers. It is important for the younger generation of medical physicists to know that there are many career opportunities in research, and that it is quite possible to build a successful career in which research is a major component. We will hear from those who have already blazed a trail of success in academic and industry research careers in order to understand some of the most important decisions to make and skills to develop in order to be successful. Topics such as how to build a research program, how to develop your own lab, and how to initiate good collaborations are not generally taught explicitly but are integral to succeeding in a research career. Skills such as these are often best learned from the experiences of others. The challenges encountered in transitioning from graduate student to faculty member, securing the first grant, and moving into an industry research position will be highlighted and discussed. Learning Objectives: 1.Identify career paths built on interest in research 2.Understand basic steps to starting and maintaining a research career 3.Identify differences between research careers in academia and industry M. Giger, support by NIH and COI will be listed. J. Dempsey, ViewRay, Inc. has provided financial support for my research. R. Mohan, support from NIH.
Parallel Execution Models for Logic Programs

An important property of Logic Programming Languages is that they are single assignment languages. Unlike conventional programming languages they disallow destructive assignment and explicit sequencing. Not only this allows cleaner (declarative) semantics for Logic Programs, and hence a better understanding of them by their users, its also permits an evaluator of logic programs to employ different control strategies for evaluation. That is, different operations in a logic program can be executed in any order without affecting the meaning of the program. In particular, these operations can be performed by the evaluator in parallel.
The psychology of the quiet ego.

Egotism is in. For the past few decades, it has been okay to "look out for Number 1," with the assumption that "Number 1" refers to an individualistic notion of the person—and then mostly in the immediate moment, without regard for the individual's own long-term interests. Advertising and marketing campaigns feed our cultural obsession with egoistic pursuits, and political and economic forces help make many self-indulgent behaviors and expectations a perceived necessity. The burgeoning business of self-help books in pop psychology has contributed to the cultural endorsement of excessive self-interest, selling advice on how to be, or to get, anything one wants. What is wrong with that? To start, excessive self-interest is not entirely in the interest of the self: As the chapters in this book demonstrate, the problems of egotism include not only social disharmony but also diminished personal well-being, health, productivity, and self-esteem. Public messages from academic psychology and the social sciences have taken fierce stands against unchecked egotism (e.g., Lasch, 1979/1991; Twenge, 2006), have surveyed the conflicts in American life between self-interest and collective concern (Bellah, Madsen, Sullivan, Swidler, & Tipton, 1985; Putnam, 2000), and have pointed down paths of lessened ego investment (e.g., Leary, 2004; Schwartz, 2005). In addition, the academic and popular interest in positive psychology demonstrates a widespread concern for the problems of egotism and the ways of transcending it. Finally, the self-help industry is not entirely about selfish gain: Books on the humanistic, prosocial forms of personal growth have always made bestseller lists and are still on the rise in that respect (Korda, 2001). Thus, it is no cultural coincidence that psychological research has recently emerged to examine the transcendence of self-interest. We use the terms the quiet ego and quieting the ego to connote the individual who routinely transcends egotism as well as the need to turn down a few notches the booming volume of egotism, on both individual and cultural levels. The blossoming of research on transcending self-interest has grown in scattered patches across the vast field of psychology. With this book we hope to provide a unifying source and framework for understanding and advancing this research. In this chapter, we introduce this research as a new area of scientific inquiry, provide a framework for understanding the empirical research on the quiet ego, sketch psychology's historical interests in quieting the ego, and finally, point to current research and future directions that we find especially
Multicultural Cities: Toronto, New York, and Los Angeles, by Mohammad Abdul Qadeer: (2016). Toronto, ON, Canada: University of Toronto Press. 384 pages. $36.95 (paperback).

Multicultural Cities: Toronto, New York, and Los Angeles is a new book from Mohammad Qadeer, a professor emeritus of geography and planning at Queen’s ­University in Canada. In his book, Qadeer con...
Conversations on restorative justice: a talk with Clifford Shearing

Clifford Shearing holds positions at Griffith University, the universities of Cape Town, Montreal and New South Wales. His academic work has broadened criminology’s boundaries, with a primary focus...
On the Relation Between the Circumpolar Westerly Current and Rainfall Over the Hawaiian Islands

The frequency distributions of the position, maximum shear, and velocity of the jet stream over the western Pacific at 700 mb are studied. These factors are correlated with the Hawaiian rainfall. The rainfall increases with the latitude of the jet. It also increases with the amount of the anticyclonic shear south of the westerlies and decreases as the speed of the jet increases.
Case 20-2017 - A 48-Year-Old Man with Weight Loss, Confusion, Skin Lesions, and Pancytopenia.

A 48-year-old man was evaluated for confusion that had developed while he was traveling in Mexico. He had purplish skin lesions, pancytopenia, and pleocytosis and an elevated protein level in the cerebrospinal fluid. Diagnostic tests were performed.
Molecular dynamics simulations of ferroelectric domain formation by oxygen vacancy

An oxygen vacancy, known to be detrimental to ferroelectric properties, has been investigated numerically for the potential uses to control ferroelectric domains in films using molecular dynamics simulations based on the first-principles effective Hamiltonian. As an electron donor, an oxygen vacancy generates inhomogeneous electrostatic and displacement fields which impose preferred polarization directions near the oxygen vacancy. When the oxygen vacancies are placed at the top and bottom interfaces, the out-of-plane polarizations are locally developed near the interfaces in the directions away from the interfaces. These polarizations from the interfaces are in opposite directions so that the overall out-of-plane polarization becomes significantly reduced. In the middle of the films, the in-plane domains are formed with containing 90° a 1/a 2 domain walls and the films are polarized along the [1 1 0] direction even when no electric field is applied. With oxygen vacancies placed at the top interface only, the films exhibit asymmetric hysteresis loops, confirming that the oxygen vacancies are one of the possible sources of ferroelectric imprint. It has been qualitatively demonstrated that the domain structures in the imprint films can be turned on and off by controlling an external field along the thickness direction. This study shows qualitatively that the oxygen vacancies can be utilized for tuning ferroelectric domain structures in films.
Application of linear least squares to the analysis of Auger electron spectroscopy depth profiles of plutonium oxides

Application of the linear least squares (LLS) methodology allows for quantitative determination of variation in material composition with depth. LLS fits were applied to decompose and enhance the interpretation of spectra obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy during depth profiles of oxidized plutonium surfaces. By means of the LLS algorithm, chemical state assignments of the Pu P1VV/O45VV, O KLL, and C KLL Auger transitions were determined and the existence of a subsurface oxycarbide layer was identified, with confirmation of the oxide and metal components provided from comparison to previous measurements of standard samples.Application of the linear least squares (LLS) methodology allows for quantitative determination of variation in material composition with depth. LLS fits were applied to decompose and enhance the interpretation of spectra obtained by Auger electron spectroscopy during depth profiles of oxidized plutonium surfaces. By means of the LLS algorithm, chemical state assignments of the Pu P1VV/O45VV, O KLL, and C KLL Auger transitions were determined and the existence of a subsurface oxycarbide layer was identified, with confirmation of the oxide and metal components provided from comparison to previous measurements of standard samples.
Remarkable long-term stability of nanoconfined metal-halide perovskite crystals against degradation and polymorph transitions.

Metal–halide perovskites are promising candidates to advance optoelectronic devices but are known to suffer from rapid material degradation. Here we demonstrate that nanoconfinement is an effective strategy for the long-term stabilization of metal–halide perovskite MAPbI3 crystals against humidity-induced degradation and temperature-induced polymorph transitions. Two-dimensional X-ray diffraction patterns of MAPbI3 films reveal an unprecedented air-stability of up to 594 days in non-chemically modified, non-passivated MAPbI3 films deposited on substrates imposing complete 2D confinement on the tens of nanometers length scale. Temperature-dependent X-ray diffraction analysis and optical spectroscopy further reveal the suppression of temperature-dependent phase transitions in nanoconfined MAPbI3 crystals. Most notably, the high-temperature cubic phase of MAPbI3, typically stable at temperatures above 327 K, remains present until a temperature of 170 K when the perovskite crystals are nanoconfined within the 100 nm diameter pores of anodized aluminum oxide templates. Photoluminescence mapping confirms that nanoconfined MAPbI3 crystals exhibit spatial uniformity on the tens of microns length scale, suggesting that nanoconfinement is an effective strategy for the formation of high-quality, stable MAPbI3 crystals across large areas.
The Hall Effect in Hopping Conduction

The Hall mobility associated with hopping motion differs qualitatively from that attributed to the notion of itinerant carriers. Particularly striking is the occurrence of Hall-effect sign anomalies: electrons and holes which circulate in a magnetic field in the sense of positive and negative charges, respectively. A concise overview of the theory of the small-polaron Hall effect is presented with emphasis being placed on the physical original of the small polaron’s distinctive properties.
Fast-Response Cryogenic Calorimeter Containing a 52-Kilogram Radiation Absorber

This paper describes an isothermal liquid helium boil-off calorimeter which was used to measure fission product beta and gamma radiation following exposure of 60-mg 235U foils to the thermal neutron flux in the Los Alamos Omega West Reactor. This work is part of a program sponsored by the U. S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission to provide better values of the fission product decay heat following reactor shutdown, for use in reactor safety evaluations. Particular effort was directed at reducing the uncertainty during early cooling times (10 to 1000 sec), where the present American Nuclear Society ANS-5.1 Decay Heat Standard [1] is assigned an uncertainty of +20% to -40%.
Los espíritus de la ciencia ficción: Espiritismo, periodismo y cultura popular en las novelas de Eduardo Holmberg, Francisco Miralles y Pedro Castera

En este estudio, Luis C. Cano delinea el ambiente intelectual y cultural que influencio la produccion de tres obras pioneras de la ciencia ficcion hispanoamericana publicadas inicialmente como foll...
Understanding health disparities for individuals with intellectual disability using photovoice.

Background: Individuals with intellectual disability (ID) are at an increased risk for health disparities that serve as barriers to participation in daily occupations. Understanding the lived exper...
Incorporating local-scale variables into distribution models enhances predictability for rare plant species with biological dependencies

The conservation of rare species is typically challenging because of incomplete knowledge about their biology and distributions. Species distribution models (SDMs) have emerged as an important tool for improving the efficiency of rare species conservation. However, these models must include biologically relevant predictor variables at scales appropriate for discriminating suitable and unsuitable habitat. We used a species distribution modelling tool, maximum entropy (Maxent), to assess the relative influence of biologically relevant topographic characteristics, land cover features, geological formations, and edaphic factors on the occurrence of the endangered endemic orchid Spiranthes parksii (Navasota ladies’ tresses). Our final model produced an excellent AUC value (0.984), with the permutation importance to model fit of predictor variables representing topographic characteristics, land cover features, geological formations, and edaphic factors summing to 8.17, 35.12, 10.43, and 46.28%, respectively. Local-scale edaphic variables were the most informative, with soil taxonomic units explaining the highest amount of variance (36.40%) of all variables included in the model. These results document the importance of local edaphic characteristics in discriminating between suitable and unsuitable habitat for S. parksii, and emphasize the importance of including local-scale edaphic factors in SDMs for species such as S. parksii with specialized habitat requirements and close relationships with other organisms.
Software Overview and Methods Review: Minitab

The purposes of this chapter are to review many of the most powerful statistical techniques from the previous chapters and to illustrate their application with Minitab® software. To focus the review, ten questions about simple experimental systems are asked and answered using Minitab and previously mentioned techniques.
Abstract B29: Dissecting the effects of Brd4 short isoform on breast cancer progression

Breast cancer is one of the most common female malignancies in the United States with metastatic disease being the main contributor to breast cancer morbidity and mortality. Our lab previously identified BRD4, a member of the bromodomain family, as a regulator of breast cancer progression. Brd4 is a chromatin-modifying factor that regulates the expression of a large set of genes. Brd4 is normally expressed as two isoforms. The long isoform (Brd4-LF) contains two bromodomains in the N-terminus, an ET domain, a serine-rich SEED domain, and a proline-rich C-terminus. The short isoform (Brd4-SF) differs from the long isoform by a deletion of the proline-rich C-terminus and a three amino acid difference on the N-terminal domain. Previous studies in our laboratory indicate that these two isoforms have opposing effects on breast cancer progression. Highly metastatic mouse mammary tumor cells overexpressing Brd4-LF suppressed tumor growth and dissemination, whereas overexpression of Brd4-SF increased metastatic outgrowth in lungs. We have shown that these two isoforms are found in different compartments within the cell nucleus, leading to altered interaction with nuclear proteins. Brd4-LF is localized in the nuclear matrix while Brd4-SF is found in the nuclear envelope where it interacted with the LINC complex and known metastasis susceptibility proteins RRP1B and SIPA1. Given that these two isoforms reside in different subnuclear locations, we hypothesize that the isoforms bind to different sets of genes. To test this hypothesis we are utilizing the chromatin-immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-seq) assay to characterize the genetic interactions associated with Brd4-SF. Identification of the Brd4-SF interacting genes will provide us with mechanistic insight into the underlying causes of the different metastatic outcomes promoted by the two isoforms, highlighting potential targets for future targeted therapies. Citation Format: Xinyi Zhu, Kent W. Hunter. Dissecting the effects of Brd4 short isoform on breast cancer progression. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Metastasis; 2015 Nov 30-Dec 3; Austin, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(7 Suppl):Abstract nr B29.
Issues Facing Community College Job Training Programs: A Delphi Approach

One significant function community colleges serve is the provision of training programs for today’s jobs. Students in job training programs are pursuing valued industry credentials and occupational...
Impact of Rotation Rate on Bismuth Saturation in GaAsBi Grown by Molecular Beam Epitaxy

GaAs1−xBix has been grown by solid-source molecular beam epitaxy using varying substrate rotation rates. Changes in local bismuth saturation were studied by varying the Bi/Ga pressure ratio across the wafer. Films were grown on both GaAs and InGaAs buffer layers with varying indium content to change the strain conditions of the bismide layer and the out-of-plane growth rate. All samples demonstrated vertical composition modulations with a period of ∼ 4 nm that tracked with the rate of growth per substrate rotation cycle. The thermal stability of these composition modulations was shown to behave similarly to bulk GaAsBi. Bismide composition modulations are attributed to the low growth temperature and the varying Bi/Ga pressure ratio across the sample rather than the varying V/III ratio.
Quantifying the temperature dependence of nitrate reduction in woodchip bioreactors: experimental and modeled results with applied case-study

Temperature significantly influences nitrate removal rates in woodchip bioreactors (WBRs), which are increasingly being adopted as engineered natural treatment systems for urban stormwater, agricultural drainage, and wastewater. In this study, three replicate columns with 15 month aged woodchips were operated under steady-state conditions with a synthetic stormwater matrix at three measured flow rates and in four temperature-controlled settings (4–30 °C). Dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) concentrations were measured along the depth profiles of the columns. Temperature explained 45% of the variance in the measured nitrate removal rates and 40% of the variance in the measured DOC production rates. We used these data to adapt our previously-developed and validated WBR mechanistic model for different temperatures, flow rates, and influent nitrate concentrations. DO inhibition influenced nitrate removal rates at influent nitrate concentrations <2 mg-N L−1; above that, nitrate removal could be effectively modeled as a zero-order reaction with temperature dependence using a simplified Arrhenius equation with a temperature coefficient (θ) of 1.16. The high temperature dependence suggests WBRs may be most cost/space efficient in applications with elevated water temperatures, such as wastewater effluent. We applied WBRs to a case study scenario site in Sonoma County, California. Temperature and variable flow led to a 3–6X higher annual nitrate removal rate in wastewater effluent than stormwater. Comparing nitrogen removal technologies, WBRs were the lowest cost per kg N removed using existing infrastructure to comply with future wastewater N restrictions to San Francisco Bay in a cost-efficient, environmentally-friendly manner.
Rapid Quantitative Spectroelectrochemical Responses of Hydrogel-based Sensors for the in situ Evaluation of Corrosion Inhibitors on Steel

Abstract A direct sensor to quantitatively evaluate the inhibitory performance of a range of fatty acids (from formic to behenic) as corrosion inhibitors for steel is described. The sensor consists of a buffered polymeric hydrogel of 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid and poly(acrylic acid), equilibrated in potassium ferricyanide. This sensor responds to soluble transition metal ions by complexation to produce metal hexacyanoferrate, a process which rapidly induces measurable photonic and impedimetric changes within the hydrogel. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was utilized to characterize differences in the surface chemistry across the range of inhibitors studied and to connect this work to other studies that investigated the surface coverage of some of the same molecules on steel. The contextualization of our simple, quantitative sensor responses via XPS and published literature suggest an improvement over current corrosion testing techniques, offering earlier, in situ detection with an understanding of the surface processes usually limited to advanced or high-vacuum techniques.
Blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 Immune Checkpoints Combined with Vaccination Restores the Function of Antiviral Tissue-Resident CD8 + T RM Cells and Reduces Ocular Herpes Simplex Infection and Disease in HLA Transgenic Rabbits

Chronic viruses such as herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) evade the hosts' immune system by inducing the exhaustion of antiviral T cells. In the present study, we found that exhausted HSV-specific CD8+ T cells, with elevated expression of programmed death ligand-1 (PD-1) and lymphocyte activation gene-3 (LAG-3) receptors were frequent in symptomatic patients, with a history of numerous episodes of recurrent corneal herpetic disease, compared to asymptomatic patients who never had corneal herpetic disease. Subsequently, using a rabbit model of recurrent ocular herpes, we found that the combined blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 pathways with antagonist antibodies significantly restored the function of tissue-resident antiviral CD8+ TRM cells in both the cornea and the trigeminal ganglia (TG). An increased number of functional tissue-resident HSV-specific CD8+ TRM cells in latently infected rabbits was associated with protection against recurrent herpes infection and disease. Compared to the PD-1 or LAG-3 blockade alone, the combined blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 appeared to have a synergistic effect in generating frequent polyfunctional Ki-67+, IFN-γ+, CD107+, and CD8+ T cells. Moreover, using the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) transgenic rabbit model, we found that dual blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 reinforced the effect of a multiepitope vaccine in boosting the frequency of HSV-1-specific CD8+ TRM cells and reducing disease severity. Thus, both the PD-1 and the LAG-3 exhaustion pathways play a fundamental role in ocular herpes T cell immunopathology and provide important immune checkpoint targets to combat ocular herpes.IMPORTANCE HSV-specific tissue-resident memory CD8+ TRM cells play a critical role in preventing virus reactivation from latently infected TG and subsequent virus shedding in tears that trigger the recurrent corneal herpetic disease. In this report, we determined how the dual blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 immune checkpoints, combined with vaccination, improved the function of CD8+ TRM cells associated with a significant reduction in recurrent ocular herpes in HLA transgenic (Tg) rabbit model. The combined blockade of PD-1 and LAG-3 appeared to have a synergistic effect in generating frequent polyfunctional CD8+ TRM cells that infiltrated both the cornea and the TG. The preclinical findings using the established HLA Tg rabbit model of recurrent herpes highlight that blocking immune checkpoints combined with a T cell-based vaccine would provide an important strategy to combat recurrent ocular herpes in the clinic.
Female college student weight perception discordance

AbstractObjectives: Examine the prevalence of body weight perception discordance, and its relationship with physical activity and mental health among college women.Participants and methods: Data we...
Impact of neutrino decays on the supernova neutronization-burst flux

The discovery of nonzero neutrino masses invites one to consider decays of heavier neutrinos into lighter ones. We investigate the impact of two-body decays of neutrinos on the neutronization burst of a core-collapse supernova---the large burst of ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$ during the first 25 ms post-core-bounce. In the models we consider, the ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{e}$, produced mainly as a ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3}({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{2})$ in the normal (inverted) mass ordering, are allowed to decay to ${\ensuremath{\nu}}_{1}({\ensuremath{\nu}}_{3})$ or ${\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{1}({\overline{\ensuremath{\nu}}}_{3})$ and an almost massless scalar. These decays can lead to the appearance of a neutronization peak for a normal mass ordering or the disappearance of the same peak for the inverted one, thereby allowing one mass ordering to mimic the other. Simulating supernova-neutrino data at the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment (DUNE) and the Hyper-Kamiokande (HK) experiment, we compute their sensitivity to the neutrino lifetime. We find that, if the mass ordering is known and depending on the nature of the physics responsible for the neutrino decay, DUNE is sensitive to lifetimes $\ensuremath{\tau}/m\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{6}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{eV}$ for a Galactic supernova sufficiently close by (around 10 kpc), while HK is sensitive to lifetimes $\ensuremath{\tau}/m\ensuremath{\lesssim}{10}^{7}\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{s}/\mathrm{eV}$. These sensitivities are far superior to existing limits from solar-system-bound oscillation experiments. Finally, we demonstrate that using a combination of data from DUNE and HK, one can, in general, distinguish between decaying Dirac neutrinos and decaying Majorana neutrinos.
The transcription factor NKX1-2 promotes adipogenesis and may contribute to a balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation

Although adipogenesis is mainly controlled by a small number of master transcription factors, including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein family members and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), other transcription factors also are involved in this process. Thyroid cancer cells expressing a paired box 8 (PAX8)–PPARγ fusion oncogene trans-differentiate into adipocyte-like cells in the presence of the PPARγ ligand pioglitazone, but this trans-differentiation is inhibited by the transcription factor NK2 homeobox 1 (NKX2-1). Here, we tested whether NKX family members may play a role also in normal adipogenesis. Using quantitative RT-PCR (RT-qPCR), we examined the expression of all 14 NKX family members during 3T3-L1 adipocyte differentiation. We found that most NKX members, including NKX2-1, are expressed at very low levels throughout differentiation. However, mRNA and protein expression of a related family member, NKX1-2, was induced during adipocyte differentiation. NKX1-2 also was up-regulated in cultured murine ear mesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) during adipogenesis. Importantly, shRNA-mediated NKX1-2 knockdown in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes or EMSCs almost completely blocked adipocyte differentiation. Furthermore, NKX1-2 overexpression promoted differentiation of the ST2 bone marrow–derived mesenchymal precursor cell line into adipocytes. Additional findings suggested that NKX1-2 promotes adipogenesis by inhibiting expression of the antiadipogenic protein COUP transcription factor II. Bone marrow mesenchymal precursor cells can differentiate into adipocytes or osteoblasts, and we found that NKX1-2 both promotes ST2 cell adipogenesis and inhibits their osteoblastogenic differentiation. These results support a role for NKX1-2 in promoting adipogenesis and possibly in regulating the balance between adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation of bone marrow mesenchymal precursor cells.
The ubiquitin ligase Smurf1 regulates cell polarity and protrusion formation by targeting the small GTPase RhoA for degradation.

2432 The small Rho family GTPases are key regulators of cytoskeletal dynamics that control cell shape, polarity and motility. Recent studies show that PAR6, which binds to atypical protein kinase C zeta (PKCζ), is key effector of Cdc42 and Rac1 and important for cell transformation, cell polarity, and regulation of epithelial tight junctions. However, it is still not clear how these biological functions are controlled by the Cdc42/Rac1-PAR6-PKCζ. The Smurf C2-WW-HECT domain ubiquitin ligases were recently shown to regulate TGFbeta signal transduction by targeting Smad signaling molecules for degradation. Here we demonstrated that Smurf1, a C2-WW-HECT domain E3 ubiquitin ligase, regulated cell polarity and protrusive activity and was required to maintain the transformed morphology and motility of a tumor cell. Overexpression of Smurf1 in Mv1Lu cells induced large number of dynamic protrusions, while moderate levels of expression of Smurf1 in NIH3T3 cells disrupted cell polarity. We also found that Smurf1 interacted with PKCζ, an effector of the Cdc42/Rac1-PAR6 polarity complex, and colocalized at cellular protrusions. The localization of Smurf1/ PKCζ complex was dependent on the PKCζ activity, while the expression of Smurf1 was also crucial for PKCζ localization at the protrusions. Furthermore, we showed that Smurf1 targeted RhoA for degradation through ubiquitin dependent proteasome pathway and therefore controlled the local level of RhoA, which is important for the local actin cytoskeleton dynamics. Thus, Smurf1 may link the polarity complex to degradation of RhoA in lamellipodia and filopodia to prevent RhoA signalling during dynamic membrane movements.
Minimizing self-oscillation in belt drives: Surface texturing

Abstract Detachment waves have recently been identified as one of the main sources for self-oscillation and accompanying energy losses in belt drive systems under low-speed and otherwise steady operation. In light of this, herein we explore mitigation of detachment wave-induced instabilities via regular and irregular texturing of the belt contact surface. The results document that surface texturing reduces the magnitude of belt drive oscillations, with the reduction being significantly more pronounced in the driver case than in the driven case. While both regular and irregular surface topographies are useful in minimizing the vibrations, regular patterns result in a stronger effect. The aspect ratio of surface projections is found to be the most important parameter, while excessive texturing of the belt surface is shown to result in belts losing their tractive capabilities.
Dysregulated Gut Homeostasis Observed Prior to the Accumulation of the Brain Amyloid-β in Tg2576 Mice.

Amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) are associated with inflammation. Recent studies demonstrated the involvement of the gut in cerebral amyloid-beta (Aβ) pathogenesis; however, the mechanisms are still not well understood. We hypothesize that the gut bears the Aβ burden prior to brain, highlighting gut–brain axis (GBA) interaction in neurodegenerative disorders. We used pre-symptomatic (6-months) and symptomatic (15-months) Tg2576 mouse model of AD compared to their age-matched littermate WT control. We identified that dysfunction of intestinal epithelial barrier (IEB), dysregulation of absorption, and vascular Aβ deposition in the IEB occur before cerebral Aβ aggregation is detectible. These changes in the GBA were associated with elevated inflammatory plasma cytokines including IL-9, VEGF and IP-10. In association with reduced cerebral myelin tight junction proteins, we identified reduced levels of systemic vitamin B12 and decrease cubilin, an intestinal B12 transporter, after the development of cerebral Aβ pathology. Lastly, we report Aβ deposition in the intestinal autopsy from AD patients with confirmed cerebral Aβ pathology that is not present in intestine from non-AD controls. Our data provide evidence that gut dysfunction occurs in AD and may contribute to its etiology. Future therapeutic strategies to reverse AD pathology may involve the early manipulation of gut physiology and its microbiota.
Predictors of Quality of Life in Young Adults Diagnosed With Cancer

A cross-section correlational study was conducted to evaluate the overall quality of life in young adults (AYAs) diagnosed with cancer, and the impact of health-related and non-health-related factors on their quality of life. Fifty-six AYA cancer survivors were recruited to elicit the impact of biological function (cancer type and comorbidity), symptoms, functional status, general perception of health status, gender, and characteristics of the environment on quality of life. Participants experienced higher than average quality of life. Symptoms, functional status, and general perception of health status were significant predictors of quality of life in this group of AYAs diagnosed with cancer. In delivering quality cancer care, nurses must be able to thoroughly assess symptom status, AYA cancer survivors' perception of their health status, and functioning in order to implement supportive measures to help improve their quality of life.
Cross Cultural Team Collaboration: Integrating Cultural Humility in mHealth Development and Research.

The World Health Organization called for mobile health initiatives to improve population health outcomes, particularly in limited-resource settings. The aim of our study was to reflect upon approac...
Covid-19! QUEM 'DESCOBRIU' QUEM? : rumo a uma teoria curricular itinerante dos povos

We live in an era that normalized the absurd and the abnormal. From successive economic and environmental chaos, the world is now facing a pandemic with a lethal footprint across the planet. The pandemonium has gone global. This article places the current COVID-19 pandemic in the context of an infinite plethora of devastating sagas pushing humanity into an unimaginable regression. In so doing, the article examines how this pandemic reflects the very colors of an intentional epistemological blindness that frames Eurocentric reasoning, paralyzed the political economy of global capitalism by deepening and accelerating an endless and non-stop crisis that began in 2008. It also explores the social construction of the current pandemic and advocates alternative ways of thinking and doing education and curriculum theory to challenge modern Western Eurocentric reasoning. In doing so, it advances the itinerant curriculum theory as a fair approach, a "now theory" just alter-curriculum, which respects the pluri-epistemological diversity of the world and aims to move from utopias framed within the borders determined by coloniality towards an anti-decolonial climax and "heretopia".
Post-contingency equilibrium analysis techniques for power systems

Different methods of calculating the post-contingency equilibrium state of a power system are presented and tested. One method utilizes a full Newton's method, and two utilize a standard commercial power flow program. These three methods are illustrated on two small test systems. The results from these simulations are then compared to a dynamic simulation using numerical integration to an equilibrium state, and conventional contingency analysis using only a standard power flow solution.
The Millimeter and Submillimeter Spectrum of AlCH3 (X̃1A1)

The pure rotational spectrum of AlCH3 has been recorded using millimeter/submillimeter direct absorption techniques. This is the first time this species has been observed in the laboratory by any spectroscopic method. AlCH3 was created in a d.c. discharge by the reaction of aluminum vapor and dimethyl mercury. The K = 0, 1, 2, and 3 components in fourteen rotational transitions of this symmetric top molecule were measured in the frequency range 188-517 GHz and several lines recorded for K = 4, 5 and 6 ladders as well. From these data, rotational parameters have been accurately determined. This study confirms the structure predicted for AlCH3 from theoretical calculations, as well as provides precise rest frequencies. Aluminum-bearing molecules have been observed in the late-type carbon star IRC +10216, which also has a large abundance of CH4. Hence, AlCH3 may be detectable in this object and perhaps in other sources.
Hobbes, Bramhall and the Politics of Liberty and Necessity: A Quarrel of the Civil Wars and Interregnum

Introduction 1. Bishop Bramhall, the 'Great Arminian', 'Irish Canterbury' and 'Most Unsound Man in Ireland', 1633-41 2. Bishop Bramhall, the Earl of Newcastle, Thomas Hobbes and the first English Civil War 3. Hobbes's flight to France, De Cive and the beginning of the quarrel with Bramhall, summer 1645 4. An epistolary skirmish, 1645-6: Bramhall, 'Discourse', Hobbes, 'Treatise' and Bramhall, 'Vindication' 5. Bramhall and the Royalist schemes of 1646-50 6. Hobbes and Leviathan among the exiles, 1646-51 7. The public quarrel: Hobbes, Of Liberty and Necessity, 1654, Bramhall, Defence of True Liberty, 1655 and Hobbes, Questions concerning Necessity, Liberty and Chance, 1656 8. Castigations of Hobbes's Animadversions and The Catching of Leviathan, 1657-8: Hobbes as Leviathan of Leviathans 9. The restoration and death of Bramhall and Hobbes's last word, 1668 Conclusion.