cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Proteins inform survival-based differences in patients with glioblastoma.

Background Improving the care of patients with glioblastoma (GB) requires accurate and reliable predictors of patient prognosis. Unfortunately, while protein markers are an effective readout of cellular function, proteomics has been underutilized in GB prognostic marker discovery. Methods For this study, GB patients were prospectively recruited and proteomics discovery using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis (LC-MS/MS) was performed for 27 patients including 13 short-term survivors (STS) (≤10 months) and 14 long-term survivors (LTS) (≥18 months). Results Proteomics discovery identified 11 941 peptides in 2495 unique proteins, with 469 proteins exhibiting significant dysregulation when comparing STS to LTS. We verified the differential abundance of 67 out of these 469 proteins in a small previously published independent dataset. Proteins involved in axon guidance were upregulated in STS compared to LTS, while those involved in p53 signaling were upregulated in LTS. We also assessed the correlation between LS MS/MS data with RNAseq data from the same discovery patients and found a low correlation between protein abundance and mRNA expression. Finally, using LC-MS/MS on a set of 18 samples from 6 patients, we quantified the intratumoral heterogeneity of more than 2256 proteins in the multisample dataset. Conclusions These proteomic datasets and noted protein variations present a beneficial resource for better predicting patient outcome and investigating potential therapeutic targets.
Actin Cytoskeleton: Profilin Gives Cells an Edge

A new study reports that the actin-monomer-binding protein profilin 1 dictates protrusion character at the cell edge. These findings help explain how distinct, tunable actin polymerization pathways collaborate to form higher-order cellular structures.
The Marketing Mix in Parliamentary Library Websites

This study examined the marketing mix elements evident on parliamentary libraries public websites. The 7P marketing mix model of product, price, place, promotion, people, process, and physical evid...
Bidirectional crosstalk between eosinophils and esophageal epithelial cells regulates inflammatory and remodeling processes.

Eosinophils accumulate adjacent to epithelial cells in the mucosa of patients with eosinophilic esophagitis (EoE), yet the bidirectional communication between these cells is not well understood. Herein, we investigated the crosstalk between human eosinophils and esophageal epithelial cells. We report that blood-derived eosinophils have prolonged survival when cocultured with epithelial cells; 96 ± 1% and 30 ± 6% viability was observed after 7 and 14 days of coculture, respectively, compared with 1 ± 0% and 0 ± 0% of monoculture. In the presence of IL-13 and epithelial cells, eosinophils had greater survival (68 ± 1%) at 14 days compared with cocultures lacking IL-13. Prolonged eosinophil viability did not require cellular contact and was observed when eosinophils were cultured in conditioned media from esophageal epithelial cells; neutralizing GM-CSF attenuated eosinophil survival. The majority of eosinophil transcripts (58%) were dysregulated in cocultured eosinophils compared with freshly isolated cells. Analysis of epithelial cell transcripts indicated that exposure to eosinophils induced differential expression of a subset of genes that were part of the EoE esophageal transcriptome. Collectively, these results uncover a network of crosstalk between eosinophils and esophageal epithelial cells involving epithelial mediated eosinophil survival and reciprocal changes in cellular transcripts, events likely to occur in EoE.
Dairy manure compost pelleting process: A techno-economic analysis

Abstract Pelleting of dairy manure compost (C) with or without canola meal (CM) or fish meal (FM) is a promising value-addition process for enhanced and environmentally-friendly utilization of excess manure-nutrients, common in regional-centers with high concentrations of dairy production. Previous studies mostly focused on pellet production for bioenergy applications. However, this study looks at the techno-economic feasibility of the pelleting process from environmental and soil amendment standpoints. Consequently, this study investigated the potential profitability of pelleting dairy manure compost, as well as pertinent factors influencing the feasibility. The main components for the economic analysis modeling process included feedstock procurement, transportation and storage, pre-treatment and conditioning, pelleting, and post-pelleting operations including drying, sieving, and packaging. The cost-implications of different formulations of C, CM, and FM were also evaluated. Sensitivity analysis was conducted to assess the effects of the product recovery, interest rate, and the costs of feedstock, electricity, equipment, and personnel on the production of pelleted products. The minimum selling price (MSP) ranged from $77 ton−1 for the base product (pellets produced with 100% composts) to $150 ton−1 for products with 10% each of CM and FM. Based on the estimated base product selling price of $100 ton−1, the payback period, net present value, and discounted rate of return were 3.5 years, $2.2 million, and 38.2%, respectively. Sensitivity analysis indicated that the payroll-cost was the most important factor to MSP, followed by the feedstock cost and the product recovery, in that order. To improve the marketability of the product, optimization for bioenergy applications is recommended.
Security Comparisons and Performance Analyses of Post-quantum Signature Algorithms

Quantum computing challenges the computational hardness assumptions anchoring the security of public-key ciphers, such as the prime factorization and the discrete logarithm problem. To prepare for the quantum era and withstand the attacks equipped with quantum computing, the security and cryptography communities are designing new quantum-resistant public-key ciphers. National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is collecting and standardizing the post-quantum ciphers, similarly to its past involvements in establishing DES and AES as symmetric cipher standards. The NIST finalist algorithms for public-key signatures are Dilithium, Falcon, and Rainbow. Finding common ground to compare these algorithms can be difficult because of their design, the underlying computational hardness assumptions (lattice based vs. multivariate based), and the different metrics used for security strength analyses in the previous research (qubits vs. quantum gates). We overcome such challenges and compare the security and the performances of the finalist post-quantum ciphers of Dilithium, Falcon, and Rainbow. For security comparison analyses, we advance the prior literature by using the depth-width cost for quantum circuits (DW cost) to measure the security strengths and by analyzing the security in Universal Quantum Gate Model and with Quantum Annealing. For performance analyses, we compare the algorithms’ computational loads in the execution time as well as the communication costs and implementation overheads when integrated with Transport Layer Security (TLS) and Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)/Internet Protocol (IP). Our work presents a security comparison and performance analysis as well as the trade-off analysis to inform the post-quantum cipher design and standardization to protect computing and networking in the post-quantum era.
Developments of Bohmian Mechanics

Bohmian mechanics is a deterministic theory of quantum mechanics that is based on a set of n velocity functions for n particles, where these functions depend on the wavefunction from the n-body time-dependent Schroedinger equation. It is well know that Bohmian mechanics is not applicable to stationary states, since the velocity field for stationary states is the zero function. Recently, an alternative to Bohmian mechanics has been formulated, based on a conservation of energy equation, where the velocity fields are not the zero function, but this formalism is only applicable to stationary states with real valued wavefunctions. In this paper, Bohmian mechanics is merged with the alternative to Bohmian mechanics. This is accomplished by introducing an interpretation of the Bohm quantum potential. The final formalism gives dynamic particles for all states, including stationary states. The final main working equation contains two kinetic energy terms and a term that contains a factor that can be interpreted as a pressure. The derivation is a simple n-body generalization of the recent generalization, or refinement, of the Madelung equations.
Vaccine Hesitancy and Legal Ethics

While the COVID-19 vaccine rollout has been underway since 2020, vaccine hesitancy remains a critical impediment to America’s successful emergence from the pandemic. This Article analyzes the role that legal ethics can play in countering hesitancy. Though the Rules of Professional Conduct do not obligate lawyers to be vaccinated, several prohibit lawyers from spreading disinformation about the importance, safety, and effectiveness of vaccines. As the recent fallout from the 2020 post-election litigation shows, however, professional discipline for spreading disinformation is possible but rare. Accordingly, we propose alternative avenues for aligning legal ethics with public health: requiring vaccine passports for court appearances, incorporating public-health concerns into the Comments accompanying the Rules, countering vaccine disinformation through continuing legal education, and encouraging third-party advocacy.
Private Power, Public Law: The Globalization of Intellectual Property Rights

1. Introduction 2. Structures, agents, and institutions 3. US intellectual property rights in historical perspective 4. The domestic origins of a trade-based approach to intellectual property 5. The Intellectual Property Committee and transnational mobilization 6. Life after TRIPS: aggression and opposition 7. Conclusion: structured agency revisited.
c-2 – Open Maps

Publisher Summary The study of open maps and, in particular, light open maps, is motivated by the fact that a non-constant function w = ƒ (z), analytic in a region R of the z-plane that takes R into the w-plane, is strongly open. That is, if U is open in R, then (U) is open in the w-plane. Furthermore, ƒ is a light map (for each x in R, ƒ −1ƒ (x) is totally disconnected).In fact, ƒ−1ƒ (x) is a discrete set (has no limit point). The study of light open maps is the result of abstracting these concepts from such analytic functions w = ƒ (z), . Generalizations to T1-topological spaces exist and are useful. A map ƒ of X into Y is an open map if and only if (iff) for each U open in X, ƒ (U) is open relative to ƒ (X) in Y; ƒ is a strongly open map iff for each U open in X, ƒ (U) is open in Y. If ƒ is an open map of X onto Y where X is compact, then ƒ can be factored uniquely.
Truncus insufficiency: Common truncus arteriosus with regurgitant truncus valve

Abstract The clinical and pathologic findings in 4 cases of persistent truncus arteriosus associated with thick, nodular, incompetent semilunar valves are described. Review of the literature and theories of pathogenesis are presented. Diagnosis during life of common truncus arteriosus with truncus insufficiency is suggested by a decrescendo diastolic murmur along the left sternal border in a minimally cyanotic infant with cardiac enlargement, increased pulmonary vascularity, and a wide heart base in frontal and oblique roentgenographic views. Selective retrograde aortography should confirm the diagnosis.
The Role of Ion Currents in Establishing Developmental Gradients

In discussing the origin of developmental gradients, I would like to remind the reader of the fact of epigenesis: Instructions for making pattern are of course inherited over the generations; but little or no pattern is so inherited. A degree of primary cell polarity may be so inherited in higher insects and some other animals — it is not really clear what happens during pole cell formation and migration — but beyond that it seems safe to state that ‘oogenesis wipes the slate clean’.
Tourism development agents: the Cypriot resort cycle.

Abstract Few applications of Butler's resort cycle have related the role of the state to the activities of foreign tourism operators and the indigenous context in determining the evolution of tourism at various destinations. This paper provides a holistic perspective of the blend of foreign with indigenous factors in shaping the Cypriot tourism industry. While the island's tourism is subject to a considerable degree of influence from transnational firms, the Government has been a key force responsible for emerging developmental patterns. This research stresses the importance of perceiving the growth of tourism at a destination, not as an actor-less development path, but one contingent on the behavior of national institutions and their response to international agents.
Serum GADD45a methylation is a useful biomarker to distinguish benign vs malignant prostate disease

Serum GADD45a methylation is a useful biomarker to distinguish benign vs malignant prostate disease
Risk versus direct protective factors and youth violence: Seattle social development project.

Background Numerous studies have examined predictors of youth violence associated with the individual child, the family, school, and the surrounding neighborhood or community. However, few studies have examined predictors using a systematic approach to differentiate and compare risk and direct protective factors. Purpose This study examines risk and protective factors associated with youth violence in an ongoing longitudinal panel study of 808 students from 18 Seattle public elementary schools followed since 1985 when they were in 5th grade. Predictors span the individual, family, school, peer, and neighborhood domains. Methods Data were collected annually, beginning in 1985, to age 16 years, and then again at age 18 years. This paper provides findings of analyses in which continuous predictor variables, measured at ages 10–12 years, were trichotomized to reflect a risk end of the variable, a direct protective end, and a middle category of scores. Youth violence was measured at ages 13–14 years and 15–18 years. Results Bivariate analyses of risk and direct protective factors identified the following predictors of violence at ages 13–14 years and 15–18 years. Risk for violence was increased by earlier antisocial behavior (e.g., prior violence, truancy, nonviolent delinquency), attention problems, family conflict, low school commitment, and living in a neighborhood where young people were in trouble. Direct protective factors at ages 10–12 years include a low level of attention problems, low risk-taking, refusal skills, school attachment, and low access and exposure to marijuana at ages 10–12 years. Multivariate regressions showed neighborhood risk factors to be among the most salient and consistent predictors of violence after accounting for all other variables in the tested models. Conclusions Relatively few direct protective factors were identified in these statistical tests, suggesting the need for further review and possible refinement of the measures and methods that were applied. Implications provide important information for programs and policy.
Microbial assimilation of hydrocarbons. I. Fatty acids derived from normal alkanes.

Fatty acids derived from Micrococcus cerificans growing at the expense of odd- and even-carbon normal alkanes were studied. Results demonstrated that cultures grown with a variety of nonhydrocarbon substrates serving as sole carbon and energy source yielded only even-carbon fatty acids. Even-chain alkanes, dodecane through octadecane serving as sole carbon source, resulted in even-carbon fatty acids with direct correlation between carbon number of the major fatty acid species and carbon number of the alkane substrate. Odd-carbon alkanes, undecane through heptadecane serving as sole carbon source, yielded both odd- and even-carbon fatty acids. A transitional shift from even-carbon fatty acids to odd-carbon fatty acids was observed as the carbon number of the alkane substrate increased. Unsaturated fatty acids were found to comprise a significant percentage of all profiles. Analysis of unsaturated fatty acids showed all odd- and even-carbon acids analyzed were Δ9 monounsaturated fatty acids.
Quantum Theory and Social Economics

Abstract. The holistic approach of quantum theory is investigated as a tool for social economists to analyze and to interpret socioeconomic reality and paradigms. The link between quantum theory and the social economist's approach to socioeconomic reality, i.e., the “what is,” rests on the premise that each element of the socioeconomic universe relates to the whole system and vice versa. In other words, the meaning of each part is to be found in its implicit reflection of the whole of reality; it has no meaning exclusive of the whole. In terms of quantum theory, investigations of microeconomic processes are interwoven with the macroeconomic frame of reference of the observer. The very act of observation is to be considered as an integral part of the observed system.
Open MPI: Goals, Concept, and Design of a Next Generation MPI Implementation

A large number of MPI implementations are currently available, each of which emphasize different aspects of high-performance computing or are intended to solve a specific research problem. The result is a myriad of incompatible MPI implementations, all of which require separate installation, and the combination of which present significant logistical challenges for end users. Building upon prior research, and influenced by experience gained from the code bases of the LAM/MPI, LA-MPI, and FT-MPI projects, Open MPI is an all-new, production-quality MPI-2 implementation that is fundamentally centered around component concepts. Open MPI provides a unique combination of novel features previously unavailable in an open-source, production-quality implementation of MPI. Its component architecture provides both a stable platform for third-party research as well as enabling the run-time composition of independent software add-ons. This paper presents a high-level overview the goals, design, and implementation of Open MPI.
Serotonin of mast cell origin contributes to hippocampal function.

In the CNS, serotonin, an important neurotransmitter and trophic factor, is synthesized by both mast cells and neurons. Mast cells, like other immune cells, are born in the bone marrow and migrate to many tissues. We show that they are resident in the mouse brain throughout development and adulthood. Measurements based on capillary electrophoresis with native fluorescence detection indicate that a significant contribution of serotonin to the hippocampal milieu is associated with mast cell activation. Compared to their littermates, mast cell deficient C57BL/6 KitW-sh/W-sh mice have profound deficits in hippocampus-dependent spatial learning and memory and in hippocampal neurogenesis. These deficits are associated with a reduction in cell proliferation and in immature neurons in the dentate gyrus, but not in the subventricular zone – a neurogenic niche lacking mast cells. Chronic treatment with fluoxetine, a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor, reverses the deficit in hippocampal neurogenesis in mast cell deficient mice. In summary, the present studies demonstrate that mast cells are a source of serotonin, that mast cell deficient C57BL/6 KitW-sh/W-sh mice have disrupted hippocampus-dependent behavior and neurogenesis, and that elevating serotonin in these mice, by treatment with fluoxetine, reverses these deficits. We conclude that mast cells contribute to behavioral and physiological functions of the hippocampus and note that they play a physiological role in neuroimmune interactions, even in the absence of inflammatory responses.
Mitral annular calcification and coarctation of aorta

Although coarctation of the aorta is associated with various cardiac abnormalities, its association with mitral annular calcification (MAC) is not reported. We therefore report a 37-year-old patient with postductal coarctation of the aorta and MAC. Considered to be a degenerative process, MAC is usually seen in elderly patients. It is uncommon in patients less than 50 years old and rare before the age of 40 years. Previous studies have reported increased frequency of cardiac conduction disturbances in patients with MAC compared to age- and sex-matched controls. This is in agreement with complete right bundle-branch block noted on the electrocardiogram of our patient. Clinicopathologic correlative studies and long-term follow-up may determine how such conduction disturbances develop and progress.
A novel adsorbing bioreactor for wastewater treatment

Unite a lit fluidise associant le traitement biologique et l'adsorption sur charbon actif. Etude theorique de l'efficacite de ce type d'association. Probleme de l'oxygenation et de la sedimentation des solides
Encoding of visual information: correlation of EEG response to intracellular response

Abstract The intracellular average evoked response to full field flash in cat visual cortex was seen to have constant PSP correlates in every individual response, with a less constant relationship to spike activity. All components of the average evoked response in the gross EEG are explicable in the response of a single cell, including a component of latency 100 ms for which there is evidence of initiation at the apical dendrites. The data support the hypothesis that information about photostimulation is encoded at the level of the individual cell, with distortion resulting from extraneous ‘noise’.
Clipped photon-counting covariance functions

The joint probability of finding m2 photons in detection interval 2 and m1 photons in detection interval 1 was previously determined by the author [ J. Mod. Opt.34, 91 ( 1987)] in terms of a series expansion of the time-integrated intensity correlation function with coefficients given by a class of orthogonal polynomials in the discrete variables m2 and m1. This expansion is now used to obtain an expression for the average of two general functions υ(m2) and u(m1), 〈υ(m2)u(m1)〉. These functions are specialized to cover two important situations: singly and doubly clipped covariances for essentially arbitrary counting times. In the doubly clipped case, different clipping levels are permitted in the two channels in order to study the influence of clipping mismatch. Numerical calculations, in the form of graphs, are used to illustrate typical behavior.
Classwide Decision-Making Strategies with Curriculum-Based Measurement:

Research indicates the potential for curriculum-based measurement (CBM) to help special educators design more effective instructional programs and effect better student achievement. Nevertheless, few studies have investigated the capacity of general educators to employ this methodology to similar outcomes within regular education settings. One possible explanation for the absence of experimental efficacy trials within general education is that the individual student decision-making focus of CBM requires teachers to make different instructional changes for different students at different times; this can be logistically difficult with large numbers of students. Over the past 3 years, we have addressed this problem by developing innovative CBM decision-making strategies that focus on the class rather than on individuals. In this article, we describe these CBM decision-making strategies in the area of mathematics operations and summarize a series of studies exploring the efficacy of these methods within gener...
Immune function in turkey breeder hens during the short day prelighting period and renewal of photosensitivity for egg production.

ABSTRACT Photorefractoriness (PR) in the turkey breeder hen is characterized by a lack of responsiveness to photoperiods that previously induced or maintained egg production. The consequence of PR is spontaneous regression of ovarian function and cessation of lay. Photosensitivity (PS) may be regained by giving at least 8 wk of short photoperiod (8L:16D) (light restriction). Following the transition from PR to PS, the birds may be photostimulated with long photoperiods, which allows for the recrudescence of ovarian function and normal egg production. Although the return of reproductive viability is the parameter for determining the successful recycle of ovarian function, there are no known reports of the physiological costs of this transition on immune function in the turkey breeder hen. We conducted an experiment to determine the immune responsiveness at various stages of recycle in the turkey breeder hen. Fifty photorefractory birds were selected and distributed equally among five treatment groups (time points). All birds were given an 8-wk period of light restriction (8L:16D) followed by a 12-wk period of photostimulation (16L:8D). The cellular (cutaneous basophil hypersensitivity CBH) and humoral (antibody titer) immune responses were determined in each treatment group (sequential time points): prelight restriction, 2-wk light restriction, 7-wk light restriction, 2-wk photostimulation, and 12-wk photostimulation. After 2-wk light restriction, there was a reduction in the cellular (64.1%) and humoral (59.5%) immune responses from that of the PR hens at the start. After 7-wk light restriction, the humoral responses increased (33.5%) as compared to the 2-wk light restriction time point Upon photostimulation, both the cellular (23.3%) and humoral (52.4%) immune responses were reduced at 2 wk of photostimulation as compared to the prior 7-wk light restriction time point. Finally, there was a rise in cellular (45.7%) and humoral (72.3%) immune responses after 12 wk of photostimulation as compared to the prior 2-wk photostimulation time point. We concluded that recycling of PR turkey hens was associated with altered cellular and humoral immune responses characterized by initial decline then recovery in both the light restriction and the postphotostimulation periods.
Management of hospitalized intravenous drug users: Role of the internist

Intravenous drug users present significant clinical challenges to internists. In this paper, we review common clinical dilemmas faced by internists when managing intravenous drug users in the inpatient hospital setting. Articles were identified through a MEDLINE search and bibliographies of published articles. Studies and reviews were selected for information relevant to the management of hospitalized intravenous drug users. Seventy-three papers were selected for this review. We summarize data and information from the relevant literature concerning common presenting medical problems (fever, musculoskeletal pain, and dyspnea), the importance of knowing patients' HIV status, common behavioral issues, special concerns of women, and the diagnosis and management of drug withdrawal in intravenous drug users. We also offer recommendations for hospital discharge planning. With appropriate knowledge of the epidemiology and management of important medical and substance use problems among intravenous drug users, internists may more effectively care for them in the hospital setting.
Is there a prognostic difference between depth of myometrial invasion and the tumor-free distance from the uterine serosa in endometrial cancer?

Abstract Objective The objective was to determine whether tumor-free distance from the uterine serosa is more predictive of patient outcome than depth of endometrial cancer invasion into the myometrium. Methods Patients with surgically staged endometrial adenocarcinoma between 1997 and 2000 were identified. Depth of myometrial invasion (DOI) was identified defined as the distance between endometrial–myometrial junction and deepest myometrial invasion. Tumor-free distance from the uterine serosa (TFD) was defined as the distance between the serosa and deepest myometrial invasion. DOI and TFD were expressed as continuous variables and compared with traditional surgicopathologic variables, recurrence, and survival to determine their predictive and prognostic significance. Results We identified 153 patients who met study criteria. The median DOI was 0.5 cm and the median TFD was 1.4 cm. The most common stage was IB, and 23 patients had positive nodes. With a median follow-up of 29 months, 10 patients have recurred. When DOI and TFD were compared in a univariate model, TFD was an equal or more significant predictor of traditional surgicopathologic variables. TFD but not DOI was predictive of recurrence. Likewise, TFD was a more significant predictor of dying from disease than DOI. In a multivariate model, TFD was shown to correlate with surgicopathologic variables, recurrence risk, and survival. DOI, however, was not predictive unless myometrial thickness was included in the model. A TFD of 1 cm maximized the balance of sensitivity and specificity in predicting recurrence. Conclusions TFD as a single measurement carries significant prognostic importance in women with comprehensively staged endometrial cancer.
Iso‐profit pricing for product lines

When considering a price decrease in response to competitive pressures or stagnating demand, management may ask how much additional volume must be sold at the new price to match the current profit level. This “iso‐profit” pricing problem has been studied extensively for single items manufactured using one resource. This paper solves three realistic extensions of the problem: when two or more items share a resource, when multiple items share multiple resources, and when resource vendors offer quantity discounts. Findings are summarized in 12 points, many of which are counterintuitive.
High-resolution infrared spectroscopy in the 1,200-1,300 cm(-1) region and accurate theoretical estimates for the structure and ring-puckering barrier of perfluorocyclobutane.

We present experimental infrared spectra and theoretical electronic structure results for the geometry, anharmonic vibrational frequencies, and accurate estimates of the magnitude and the origin of the ring-puckering barrier in C4F8. High-resolution (0.0015 cm-1) spectra of the nu12 and nu13 parallel bands of perfluorocyclobutane (c-C4F8) were recorded for the first time by expanding a 10% c-C4F8 in helium mixture in a supersonic jet. Both bands are observed to be rotationally resolved in a jet with a rotational temperature of 15 K. The nu12 mode has b2 symmetry under D2d that correlates to a2u symmetry under D4h and consequently has +/- sigmaCF hyperconjugative interactions that are more strongly stabilizing in the puckered than in the planar form. These interactions are, however, somewhat weaker in C4F8 than in C4H8, a fact that is consistent with the smaller barrier in the former (132 cm-1) with respect to the latter (498 cm-1).
Isolation and properties of β‐endorphin‐(1–27)‐like peptide from bovine brains

A beta-endorphin-(1-27)-like peptide was isolated from bovine cerebral hemisphere extracts by gel filtration, ion-exchange chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and paper electrophoresis. The peptide had tyrosine as the amino-terminal residue and its amino acid composition was nearly identical to that of equine pituitary beta-EP-(1-27). It had also the same mobility as equine pituitary beta-EP-(1-27) in paper electrophoresis. In radioimmunoassay and opiate receptor-binding assay, the brain peptide had 50% activity when compared with human beta-endorphin-(1-27). Evidence for the occurrence of NH2-acetylated form of beta-endorphin-(1-27) is also presented.
Sex offending among juveniles: Development and response

This article provides the health care provider with information on normal and aberrant sexual activity in children. It examines the characteristics and risk factors associated with juvenile sex offending behaviors and summarizes treatment approaches taken with children who molest. The primary issues in determining when a child's sexual behavior is abusive include the absence of equality and consent and the presence of coercion. Other than the loss of a parental figure and the presence of emotional problems, few demographic or specific psychologic variables distinguish juvenile offenders for their nonoffending peers. Thus offenders typically come to the attention of health care providers indirectly through their victims.
Quantum Treatment of Continuum Electrons in the Fields of Moving Charges

An ab initio, three-dimensional quantum mechanical calculation has been performed for the time evolution of continuum electrons in the fields of moving charges. Here the essential singularity associated with the diverging phase factor in the continuum wave function is identified and removed analytically. As a result, the continuum components of the regularized wave function are slowly varying with time. Therefore, one can propagate continuum electrons to asymptotically large times and obtain numerically stable, well-converged ejected electron momentum spectra with very low numerical noise. As a consequence, our approach resolves outstanding controversies concerning structures in electron momentum distributions. The main conclusions are general and are illustrated here for ionization of atomic hydrogen by proton impact. Our results show that in order to obtain the correct long-time free-particle propagation, the essential singularity identified here should be removed from the continuum components of solutions to the time-dependent Schroedinger equation.
Assessing normal brain function with magnetoencephalography

Abstract Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is a completely noninvasive method of functional imaging. MEG performs noninvasive functional imaging by recording the magnetic flux on the head surface associated with electrical currents in activated set of neurons, estimating the location of such sets, and projecting the location onto the MRI of the brain to identify and visualize the activated brain region. MEG has rapidly evolved in the last two decades due to the introduction of whole head systems and advances in computer technology. MEG is now the imaging modality of choice where a precise and high degree of localization is required. Ongoing studies show that it provides superior temporal and spatial resolution when compared to functional MRI. MEG is the only imaging technique that can reveal brain function over millisecond intervals. Magnetoencephalography was initially used to localize the primary sensory cortices, and depending on the nature of stimulus, this has been validated for visual, auditory or somatosensory areas. In order to localize brain networks involved during the engagement of cognitive tasks, both temporal and spatial resolution are critical. MEG is the only imaging technology capable of providing this information. We have successfully used magnetoencephalography to noninvasively localize brain areas involved with key language functions. These have been validated through the Wada procedure and with direct electrocortical stimulation. The utility of MEG in noninvasively localizing language function is reviewed. MEG also allows us to understand the differences in functional organization of the brain underlying the reading performances of dyslexic children. We have recently developed a protocol using magnetoencephalography to assess memory function (independent hippocampal activation). This is in the process of being validated by comparison with the Wada procedure. Antepartum knowledge of fetal health status is essential for early identification of fetal risk for injury or death. Most modern techniques monitor the fetal heart rate and use ultrasound to assess fetal movement. We propose that magnetoencephalography, with a new system design that provides good access to the fetal head, will allow assessment of fetal brain activity. Early results show that fetal auditory-evoked potentials can be recorded reliably. Magnetoencephalography has now been demonstrated to be capable of noninvasively mapping primary sensory functions, language function, and soon memory and other affective cognitive stimuli. Additionally, it appears as though this procedure can be extended to the fetus to allow assessment of fetal brain activity. As we continue to use magnetoencephalography to define the substrates for normal brain activity, we will be able to critically evaluate neurologic problems that interrupt or impair these functions. Hopefully, magnetoencephalography will allow early objective identification of these impairments and treatment protocols to be developed.
Dynamic physical interactions between the equine embryo and uterus

Summary Repealed examinations of mares with real-time ultrasound echography demonstrated that the well-known phenomenon of transuterine migration of the equine conceptus is not a simple one-way passage. Instead, the embryonic vesicle was shown to bypass its eventual site of attachment many times per day while traversing the full length of each uterine horn and the uterine body. The embryonic vesicle showed limited mobility on Days 9 and 10 post ovulation when it spent more than 60 per cent of the time in the uterine body. Maximum mobility occurred on Days 11 to 14. Location changes within a uterine horn were more likely to be progressive when the vesicle was moving in a caudal direction, whereas location changes within the body were more likely to be progressive when the vesicle was moving in a cranial direction. Individuals of twin conceptuses had mobility patterns similar to those of singletons. Administration of a sympathomimetic blocking agent reduced the extent of mobility, indicating that uterine contractions are the propulsive force for vesicle mobility. Water-filled balloons acting as simulated vesicles were also mobile when placed in the uterus on Days 12 or 13 of dioestrus, but their rate of movement was less than that of embryonic vesicles. It is suggested that the mobility of the embryonic vesicle may play a role in blocking the uterine luteolytic mechanism. Cessation of vesicle mobility (fixation) occurred on Day 15, 16 or 17 and it remained firm with no further movement between horns. Twin embryos exhibited a preference for unilateral fixation (70 per cent). Fixation may be a function of expansion of the embryonic vesicle combined with intraluminal resistance to mobility resulting from increasing uterine tone. The site of fixation was in the caudal portion of one of the horns, perhaps because of the curvature of the horns at that point. The concept of extensive mobility of the equine conceptus provides rationale for the development of hypotheses concerning the perplexing effects of reproductive status on the site of fixation and the consistency of fixation of the vesicle in the caudal portion of a uterine horn. Orientation is defined as rotation of the vesicle so that the embryonic pole is located ventrally, opposite the mesometrial attachment of the uterus. It is proposed that orientation takes place between the day of fixation and Day 19 when the embryo proper is first detectable by ultrasound. Orientation is attributable to disproportionate encroachment of the dorsal uterine wall, a massaging action by uterine contractions and greater thickness of the vesicle wall at the embryonic pole.
CHLOROPLAST DNA EVIDENCE FOR THE INTERRELATIONSHIPS OF TOMATOES, POTATOES, AND PEPINOS (SOLANACEAE)

We used chloroplast DNA restriction site analysis to test hypotheses of relationships of solanum subgenus potatoe (including potatoes and pepinos), two other Solanum, Cyphomandra (the tree tomatoes), and Lycopersicon (the tomatoes). Capsicum and Datura were used as outgroups. The results support two main clades among the taxa we studied: 1) Solanum subgenus Potatoe and Lycopersicon; and 2) other Solanum and Cyphomandra. Within the first clade, the following groups were supported: a) sect. Basarthrum and sect. Anarrhichomenum; b) sect. Etuberosum; c) sect. Petota; d) sect. Juglandifolium, including subsect. Lycopersicoides; and e) the genus Lycopersicon. These results, in combination with an analysis of morphological data, advocate the controversial, but previously suggested, treatment of Lycopersicon as congeneric with Solanum in subgenus Potatoe. Thus, the cultivated tomato will be recognized as Solanum lycopersicum L. Solanum chmielewskii and Solanum lycopersicum var. cerasiforme are proposed as new combinations; Solanum neorickii is proposed as a new name for Lycopersicon parviflorum. Our data also suggest that Cyphomandra should be included within Solanum.
Product and Promotion Adaptation in Export Ventures: An Empirical Investigation

While the desirability of marketing adaptation vs. standardization has long been debated within both academic and business circles, empirical studies investigating the conditions under which each strategy becomes appropriate have been rare. This article provides a formal investigation of the correlates of product and promotion adaptation in export ventures. A conceptual framework of product and promotion adaptation in export ventures is proposed to integrate the diverse perspectives on the issue of standardization versus adaptation. The conceptual framework is further specified in a testable form and tested via data collected by a series of in-depth personal interviews with export marketing managers. The results support the contingency perspective recently emerging in the standardization literature, and suggest that the degree of the various aspects of product adaptation (i.e., upon and after entry) and promotion adaptation (i.e., positioning, packaging/labeling, and promotional approach) are significantly influenced by company, product/industry, and export market characteristics. However, the profile of the correlates varies across the various aspects of product and promotion adaptation.
An equation of state for the detonation product of copper oxide/aluminum nanothermite composites

An equation of state (EOS) for the detonation product of the copper oxide/aluminum (CuO/Al) nanothermite composites is developed based on the Chapman–Jouguet (CJ) theory and the nanothermite detonation experiment. The EOS is implemented into a coupled computational fluid dynamics and computational solid dynamics code through the material point method for the model-based simulations of the detonation response of the CuO/Al nanothermite material placed in a small well. The simulations demonstrate the validity of the formulated EOS to catch the essential feature of the detonation response of the CuO/Al nanothermite. The EOS parameters are determined by comparing simulated and experimentally measured pressure–time histories.
Tutorial: computer system monitors

The most important questions to be answered before attempting to monitor a machine are what to measure and why the measurement should be taken. There is no general answer to these questions, although a comprehensive set of considerations has been discussed elsewhere. The following example indicates some of the considerations involved. Suppose one is interested in tuning a medium scale system which utilizes virtual memory to support a batch multiprogramming strategy. The nature of the job load is a major factor in determining system performance; the mix may be monopolized by I/O-bound jobs which use very little processor time. In this case, the bottleneck might be the mass storage system or the peripheral devices. Resource utilization of the peripheral devices may indicate bottlenecks at that point; high mass storage utilization may not be attributable only to the I/O operations, but may be significantly influenced by the virtual memory replacement policy. Processor utilization in this system is also an insufficient measure for most purposes, since the overhead time for spooling, multiprogramming, and virtual memory may be unknown. A more useful measurement for operating system policy studies would quantify processor utilization for the user as well as for each function of interest in the operating system. From this example, one can see that the variety of evaluation objectives and computer systems causes the determination of what and why to be largely a heuristic problem.
Electronic states of selected deep level defects in III–V semiconductors

Abstract The results of self-consistent cluster calculations of the electronic states associated with cation vacancies and anion anti-site defects in InP, GaP, and GaAs are summarized. Also presented and discussed are the results obtained for the multi-electron impurity levels associated with substitutional chromium and iron transition metal atoms in an InP host.
Microbial hydrolysis of thermochemically treated and untreated manure-straw mixtures

Abstract Four experiments were conducted to evaluate effects of temperature, pH, substrate concentration, and alkaline pretreatment on the rate and extent of hydrolysis of manure-straw mixtures. The rate of hydrolysis, as measured by the total organic acids (TOA) production in fermenters, was more rapid at 40°C than at higher temperatures (50, 55 at 60°C). Very little TOA was produced at 60°C. This was true even when fermenters were inoculated with bacteria acclimated to 55°C. Inoculating fermenters with slurry from a thermophilic anaerobic fermenter decreased the time required to reach maximum TOA production from 3 days to 1 day for the 40°C fermenters, but had little effect on fermenters at 50, 55 or 60°C. Both pH adjustment and alkaline treatment (120°C, 80 g NaOH kg −1 VS straw) of the straw increased the extent of TOA production. However, alkaline treatment increased the extent of TOA production substantially more than pH adjustment (56 versus 12%).
Atomistic simulation of B-type–fluorite structural relationship and B-type large defect clusters in gadolinia-doped ceria

Abstract Because initial reports suggested that the nano-domains found in gadolinia-doped ceria, a material used amongst other things as an electrolyte in solid oxide fuel cells, could have a B-type rare earth oxide structure, atomistic models were developed to incorporate the B-type structure into the host fluorite structure. A one-to-one correspondence was discovered between the cation positions in monoclinic B-type structure and those in the cubic fluorite structure, which allows in principle the incorporated B-type structural element to retain its monoclinic symmetry. Defect energy calculations showed, however, that the incorporation of the gadolinia only becomes favorable when the initial B-type structure was partially converted into the C-type structure, thus suggesting that nano-domains are more likely to adopt a C-type arrangement. The calculations also indicated that oxygen diffusion plays a central role in the B- to C-type phase transition in gadolinia.
Re‐Reading Disney: not quite Snow White

(1996). Re‐Reading Disney: not quite Snow White. Discourse: Studies in the Cultural Politics of Education: Vol. 17, No. 1, pp. 5-14.