cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
FOREWORD: ON RELIGIOUS CONSTITUTIONALISM

This essay is the Foreword to a remarkable symposium sponsored by the Rutgers Journal of Law and Religion. The editors of the Journal asked three distinguished American legal scholars to engage in a thought experiment, to try to describe the principles that could undergird a religiously-grounded constitution for a religiously-committed society. Each of the three articles in this symposium — by Patrick McKinley Brennan, Steven Friedell, and Asifa Quraishi-Landes, giving their accounts of, respectively, Catholic, Jewish, and Islamic constitutions and constitutionalism — is a thought-provoking and powerful document in its own right. Together, they engage each other and the rest of us in a fascinating and important exchange of ideas. My Foreword explores some of the common themes and uncommon insights in the three essays. It particularly analyzes whether any of these accounts of religious constitutionalism might fairly be called “theocratic,” under any of several possible definitions of the term, and concludes that the answer might be “no.” More generally, it argues that the larger conversation of contemporary constitutional theory can only be enriched and clarified by treating religious constitutional discourse as legitimately within its domain.
Mitigating Power User Attacks on a User-Based Collaborative Recommender System.

Collaborative Filtering (CF) Recommender Systems (RSs) ease the burden of information overload faced by online users who browse, search, or shop for products and services. Influential users, known as “power users” are able to exert substantial influence over recommendations made to other users, and RS operators encourage the existence of power user communities to help fellow users make informed purchase decisions. However, the influence power users wield can be used for both positive (addressing the “new item” problem) or negative (attack) purposes. Attacks on RSs tend to bias recommendations by introducing fake reviews or ratings and remain a key problem area for system operators. In prior work, we have shown that attackers emulating power users are effective against user-based, item-based, and SVD-based CF RSs. Previous research has shown that, in general, attacks on RSs can be mitigated by detecting the attackers and either removing them from the dataset or ignoring them during the prediction calculations. In live RS environments, however, these approaches impact legitimate users detected as attackers (false positives) and can lead to reduced coverage for those legitimate power users as well as reduced accuracy for other users that depend on the ratings of those legitimate power users. Our research is investigating alternative mitigation approaches to address these issues for power user attacks. We focus on techniques that remove or reduce the influence of power users and determine their impact on RS accuracy and robustness using established metrics. We introduce a new metric used to assess the trade-off between accuracy and robustness when our mitigation approaches are applied. And our results show that, for user-based systems, reducing power user influence is more effective than removing power users from the dataset.
Collaborative Facial Landmark Localization for Transferring Annotations Across Datasets

In this paper we make the first effort, to the best of our knowledge, to combine multiple face landmark datasets with different landmark definitions into a super dataset, with a union of all landmark types computed in each image as output. Our approach is flexible, and our system can optionally use known landmarks in the target dataset to constrain the localization. Our novel pipeline is built upon variants of state-of-the-art facial landmark localization methods. Specifically, we propose to label images in the target dataset jointly rather than independently and exploit exemplars from both the source datasets and the target dataset. This approach integrates nonparametric appearance and shape modeling and graph matching together to achieve our goal.
Design of high-performance adaptive objective lens with large optical depth scanning range for ultrabroad near infrared microscopic imaging

We report on the theory and design of adaptive objective lens for ultra broadband near infrared light imaging with large dynamic optical depth scanning range by using an embedded tunable lens, which can find wide applications in deep tissue biomedical imaging systems, such as confocal microscope, optical coherence tomography (OCT), two-photon microscopy, etc., both in vivo and ex vivo. This design is based on, but not limited to, a home-made prototype of liquid-filled membrane lens with a clear aperture of 8mm and the thickness of 2.55mm ~3.18mm. It is beneficial to have an adaptive objective lens which allows an extended depth scanning range larger than the focal length zoom range, since this will keep the magnification of the whole system, numerical aperture (NA), field of view (FOV), and resolution more consistent. To achieve this goal, a systematic theory is presented, for the first time to our acknowledgment, by inserting the varifocal lens in between a front and a back solid lens group. The designed objective has a compact size (10mm-diameter and 15mm-length), ultrabroad working bandwidth (760nm - 920nm), a large depth scanning range (7.36mm in air) - 1.533 times of focal length zoom range (4.8mm in air), and a FOV around 1mm × 1mm. Diffraction-limited performance can be achieved within this ultrabroad bandwidth through all the scanning depth (the resolution is 2.22 μm - 2.81 μm, calculated at the wavelength of 800nm with the NA of 0.214 - 0.171). The chromatic focal shift value is within the depth of focus (field). The chromatic difference in distortion is nearly zero and the maximum distortion is less than 0.05%.
Abstract 3339: Single-cell analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of NRAS-mediated leukemia stem cell self-renewal in a murine model of AML

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is frequently fatal because patients who initially respond to chemotherapy eventually relapse. Most anticancer therapies are designed to inhibit proliferation. Yet, in hematopoietic stem cells, the mechanisms of proliferation are distinct from self-renewal (Li et al., Nature 2013). Consequently, targeting proliferation may explain the failure of traditional chemotherapy to eradicate this disease. NRAS G12V is required for self-renewal in a murine AML model (Sachs et al., Blood 2014). To study NRAS-mediated leukemia self-renewal, we use a transgenic mouse model of AML with an Mll-AF9 fusion and a tetracycline repressible, NRAS G12V oncogene (Kim et al., Blood 2009). Doxycycline abolishes NRAS G12V expression leading to leukemia remission. We hypothesize that NRAS-activated pathways required for self-renewal are limited to a subpopulation of LSCs. To identify the NRAS G12V -mediated self-renewing subpopulation, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing on the LSC-enriched cells from our AML model. Hierarchical clustering of LSC single-cell data identified three discrete profiles. Comparing the profiles of NRAS G12V -expressing LSCs (“RAS-on”) to doxycycline-treated LSCs (“RAS-Off”) revealed that two of the three LSC-expression profiles are lost when NRAS G12V is withdrawn. These data suggest that these two profiles are NRAS G12V -dependent consistent with an earlier report that activated NRAS exerts bimodal effects on HSCs (Li et al., Nature 2013). One of these LSC subpopulations preferentially expresses genes associated with leukemia self-renewal. On the basis of this single-cell gene expression data, we identfied cell surface markers (CD36 and CD69) that delineate the two NRAS G12V -responsive LSC-subpopulations. We sorted LSCs based on CD36 and CD69 status and found that CD36 − CD69 + LSCs (the group that expresses self-renewal gene expression profiles) harbor nearly all of the colony-forming capacity of the LSCs, forming an average of 13 colonies versus 0.33 colonies for CD69- LSCs and versus 0.11 colonies for non-LSCs (per 10,000 cells plated, p G12V -mediated self-renewal transcriptional signature. Using mass cytometry to query the activation status of signaling pathways simulteneously with multiple immunophenotypic markers, we show that Ki67 Low LSCs (the putative self-renewing LSCs) preferentially express increased levels of β-catenin and Myc. These data implicating AML self-renewal pathways can provide precise molecular targets for treating this deadly disease. Citation Format: Rebecca S. LaRue, Klara E. Noble-Orcutt, Conner Hansen, Ngoc Ha, David A. Largaespada, Zohar Sachs. Single-cell analysis reveals molecular mechanisms of NRAS-mediated leukemia stem cell self-renewal in a murine model of AML. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3339.
Pain Management in the Primary Care Office

Many things seen in everyday practice are uncomfortable or painful. Although research for common causes of pain have lagged behind some of the more attention-commanding etiologies (e.g., cancer), primary caregivers face a steady stream of less intense causes of pain. Most of the time, simple interventions can signifi cantly reduce the burden of these pains. Educating parents about expectations for entities such as teething, ear infection, colic, and pharyngitis, coupled with straightforward interventions, can bring good results. Creating a “pain-friendly” office can relieve anxiety in the children and their parents, and lower the stress level for all involved. Office staff can learn simple techniques to help children cope with potentially painful aspects of their visit.
1.5 [micro sign]m up-conversion device

An epitaxially integrated 1.5 to 1 /spl mu/m up-conversion device is reported. The device consists of a serially connected In/sub 0.53/Ga/sub 0.47/As photodiode and InAs/sub 0.1/P/sub 0.9/ light emitting diode grown on InP. The device operation relies first on detecting a 1.5 /spl mu/m signal by the photodiode and secondly on driving the emitter by the resulting photocurrent, thus achieving the up-conversion.
Authenticity, language and interaction in second language contexts, edited by R.A. van Compernolle and J. McGregor

Penelope Eckert first introduced the concept of authenticity in sociolinguistics research in the 2003 issue of Journal of Sociolinguistics. Herein, she positions the ‘Authentic Speaker’ as ‘the bel...
Abstract 4608: Racial differences in the distribution of prostate tumor biomarkers and treatment failure: The SCORE study

Prostate cancer exhibits the greatest disparity in mortality between African American (AA) and European American (EA) men of any cancer in the US. The reasons for this disparity include access to care, screening patterns, and behavior. Biological differences may lead some AA men to have biologically aggressive tumors. Using the Study of Clinical Outcomes, Risk, and Ethnicity (SCORE) study, we identified prostate tumor tissues from men undergoing prostatectomy at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania between 1991-2008. Immunohistochemistry was undertaken on the FFPE tumors of 45 EA and 55 AA men (mean age: 59.1 years, range: 41-71). No statistically significant difference in marker phenotypes was observed for prevalence of TMPRSS2/ERG fusion proteins, or in staining intensity for PSMA or Rb. We observed statistically significant differences in marker phenotype for RACEMASE (EA Mean: 188.1 vs. AA Mean: 144.7, p = 0.004), c-myc (EA Mean: 54.7 vs. AA Mean: 21.6, p = 0.005), and AR (EA Mean: 192.1 vs. AA Mean: 136.5, p = 0.002). These data suggest that markers that have been reported to be associated with tumor aggressiveness differ between EA and AA men. We further evaluated whether these markers were associated with clinical outcome as measured by biochemical (PSA) failure (BF) after radical prostatectomy (RP). We observed 41 BF with a mean follow up of 32.6 months post-RP, compared with 68 non-BF with a mean follow up of 53.7 months post-RP. After adjusting for pathology tumor grade, only the presence of a TMPRSS2-ERG fusion protein was significantly associated with BF. We observed a significant interaction (p = 0.031) by race suggesting TMPRSS2-ERG fusions were less likely to be associated with BF in AA than in EA. These data suggest that TMPRSS2-ERG fusions may not be important predictors of prostate cancer outcomes in AA men as has been suggested in EA men. *These authors contributed equally to the work. Citation Format: Priti Lal*, Kosj Yamoah*, Amy Ziober, Amy Walker, Wenting Zhou, Elaine Spangler, Charnita Zeigler-Johnson, Michael Feldman, Timothy R. Rebbeck. Racial differences in the distribution of prostate tumor biomarkers and treatment failure: The SCORE study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 106th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2015 Apr 18-22; Philadelphia, PA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2015;75(15 Suppl):Abstract nr 4608. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2015-4608
Human-Impacted Catenas in North-Central Iowa, United States: Ramifications for Soil Mapping

The catena model is used worldwide to predict soil distribution across hillslopes and is therefore central to soil mapping. However, we found that the soil distribution is hillslope-by-land use dependent, especially in areas of intensive cropping, tile drainage, fertilizers, tillage, and erosion. Soil pH, thickness of mollic colors, organic carbon, geometric mean, and bulk density of four catenas in north-central Iowa are strongly correlated with percent distance from the summit in each individual catena ( r 2 >0.90 in most cases), but combining the data results in a weak soil–landscape relationship ( r 2 <0.25 for most properties). Therefore extrapolating from one hillslope to the next is problematic because differences in management history make soils more unpredictable. This indicates that the ongoing field work is especially important for creating precision soil maps. It further indicates that those precision maps will need to rely upon a new catena model that integrates human impacts vis-a-vis pedology, hydrology, and geomorphology.
Abstract 108: Role of Primary Endothelial Cilia in Hypertension

Primary cilia are mechanosensory organelles that are projected into the lumen of blood vessels. It has been demonstrated that vascular endothelia require primary cilia to sense and transmit external mechanical stimuli into internal biochemical reactions. One of these reactions includes the biosynthesis and release of nitric oxide, which is one of the most potent endogenous vasodilators. This idea has only been investigated in cultured endothelial cells in vitro . Based on this finding, however, a very bold hypothesis is formed to test that abnormal cilia function results in vascular hypertension. Our laboratory has recently generated and obtained several conditional mouse models to specifically study the function and structure of primary cilia in vascular endothelia. These models include 1) mice without cilia function ( Pkd1 or Pkd2 ); 2) mice without cilia structure ( Tg737 or Kif3a ). Our data indicate that mice with abnormal cilia function ( Pkd1 ) or structure ( Tg737 ) show significantly higher systolic (150±19 for Pdgfbcre:Pkd1 flox/flox and 147±10 for Tie2Cre:Tg737 flox/flox vs. 128±9 for wild-type) and diastolic (120±21 for Pdgfbcre:Pkd1 flox/flox and 120±11 for Tie2Cre:Tg737 flox/flox vs. 102±7 for wild-type) blood pressure than the corresponding wild-type mice. Because there is a positive and continuous correlation between blood pressure and cardiovascular diseases, satellite hypotheses are developed to look at the pathophysiological roles of endothelial cilia in cardiac functions and focal vascular diseases in vivo . Our data clearly point towards deteriorating phenotypes in the cardiac muscle, including cardiac fibrosis due to an increased cardiac workload. As a result, a heart-to-body weight ratio was significantly increased by 17 weeks old (0.008 PdgfbCre;Pkd1 f/f vs. 0.006 Pkd1 f/f ).The present study will very likely provide new insights for hypertension and offer advanced scientific understanding of vascular endothelial cilia in other cardiovascular diseases.
False data injection on EKF-based navigation control

Small consumer unmanned aircraft systems (sUASs) have been involved in many security incidents recently. Current defense methods have serious limitations because they mostly try to physically capture an sUAS or jam its communications and its GPS signals to trigger its fail-safe features. While physical methods are usually unscalable and often slow in response, the default fail-safe features can be easily changed to other options such as continuing its pre- configured mission, regardless of jamming. Therefore, new defense solutions must be developed to address these issues. To our best knowledge, very little research has been published in this area. In this paper, we propose a false data injection attack to exploit the limitation of sensoring and processing capabilities on an sUAS and manipulate its on-board sensors, in order to deviate it from its (pre-configured) flight plan. We have analyzed the popular ArduPilot flight control system, identified potential vulnerabilities in its sensor data fusion process, and developed a method to manipulate on-board magnetometer readings while avoiding being detected by its bad-data detection schemes. Our initial results show that the proposed method is able to misguide the navigation system and deviate an sUAS from its target destination far away. While we present our main ideas in this paper, we are further investigating related theoretical issues and improving the proposed method with practical experimental tests.
Level-Up Pavement Patching: Survey of Texas Practice

AbstractLevel-up patching is a common and inexpensive corrective pavement rehabilitation treatment. It differs from the conventional spot-patching of localized pavement problems. Level-up patching ...
CyanoHABIT: A Novel Game to Identify Harmful Freshwater Algae

CyanoHABIT (Cyanobacterial Harmful Algal Bloom Identifying Technology) is a proposed learning technology designed to give the general public the ability to self-teach identification of potentially harmful bloom-forming algae (HABs) in freshwater lakes. The primary users will be adults who are interested in helping government agencies distinguish potentially toxic algae blooms from other non-toxic blooms. Toxic algae in freshwater lakes present a serious threat to public safety, and while many algal blooms are not toxic, confirming toxicity can be time consuming and expensive. Many states have only one agency that is able to monitor, sample, and test water for HABs, and some states have no resources for this task [1]. Fortunately, relatively few freshwater algae are capable of forming toxins, and distinguishing between benign algae blooms and potentially toxic ones is a task that can be learned in a short time by most adults. With a better educated public, the time and resources of the professional public services can be concentrated on the cases where they are needed most. We developed a gamified trainer for use on smartphones and personal computers to teach this skill to the general public. Our focus was on education, enabling the user to learn the distinguishing features of toxic algae, and not provide a flip-book of pictures of algae. Preliminary testing indicates that the software is enjoyable to use, and that the users do acquire a valuable skill from its use.
Talking with teens about traffic safety: Initial feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of a parent-targeted intervention for primary care settings.

Abstract Introduction The aims of the current pilot study were to evaluate the feasibility, acceptability, and preliminary efficacy of the Talking with Teens about Traffic Safety Program. The program consists of a clinic-based health coaching session with parents of adolescents at their annual well-child visit to promote parent-teen communication about teen driver safety including: a Parent Handbook that is designed to serve as a primer on teen driver safety and facilitate parent-teen communication on a variety of teen driver topics; an interactive practice driving toolset; and an endorsement of the materials by the primary care provider. Method Fifty-four parent-teen dyads (n = 108 total) were recruited from a primary care practice. Dyads were randomized (1:1) into a treatment group or a usual care group. Implementation fidelity was assessed using checklists completed by health coaches and parent interviews. After 6 months, parents reported how often they talked with their teen about 12 safe driving topics (e.g., state graduated driver licensing laws). Results Parents in the treatment group reported more frequent discussions than parents in the control group on 7 out of the 12 topics. Fidelity data indicate that 100% of sessions were implemented as designed and were acceptable to parents. Conclusions The program was feasible to administer and there was evidence for preliminary efficacy. Generally, effects were larger for more infrequently discussed topics, which is to be expected due to the potential for ceiling effects on more commonly discussed topics (e.g., distracted driving). A larger multi-site study is warranted. Practical applications The results from this pilot study provide support for implementation fidelity and establish a proof-of-concept for the Talking with Teens about Traffic Safety Program. The results provide guidance for developing partnerships with pediatricians and parents to develop parent-teen communication interventions on injury prevention topics.
The Language of Texting: Altering English or a Language of its Own?

In lieu of an abstract, below is the first paragraph of the paper. Because language is so intangible, changes over time are not only unavoidable, they also are common and expected. Language is not the same today as it was when it originated; it is not the same today as it was last week. Phrases become "so yesterday" and expressions from a hundred years ago have been entirely eliminated from our language. There are many reasons for changeculture, technology, events in historybut the most influential catalyst for change in today's era is technology. Things like email, texting, and Facebook have led to new words forming, new grammatical changes, and other modifications that are both subtle and noticeable. Technology could eventually help the language become easier to follow, growing similar to other languages, and stray away from the numerous irregularities that we all struggle to master. Language, though. Is constantly evolving with culture, and as technology becomes a larger and more influential part of our culture, it also becomes a larger and more influential part of the English language. This article is available in The Review: A Journal of Undergraduate Student Research: http://fisherpub.sjfc.edu/ur/vol13/iss1/9 how it is changing due to technology. He refers to the language of texting as "textspeak", and explains why textspeak differs from traditional English in the following examples: "The Language of Texting: Altering English or a Language of its Own?"
The world in the model and the model in the world

Mary Morgan’s new book on models in economics represents the culmination of more than a decade of research on the subject. She is certainly one of the most expert and accomplished researchers on the nature and role of models in economics, and this book provides an extensive review of the practice of modelling in economics across the history of the field. Her Models as Mediators, edited volume with Margaret Morrison (1999), is an influential collection of papers on how models function in modern science. So, readers in the history and philosophy of science interested in modelling in economics should find this book a valuable resource. Whether it answers their questions about models and resolves debates about the practice of modelling in economics is another issue. Morgan delimits some of those concerns in defining her project in a particular way. She speaks as an historian of economics first and foremost, and largely defers more weighty philosophical questions to others. She has two main reasons for doing so. The first is methodological. In her estimation, adequate historical narrative is, as she puts it, ‘messy’. Historians often pursue linear accounts in the interest of providing a clear and cohesive understanding of their subject matter. But this comes at the expense of suppressing events and developments that do not fit their general story, and for Morgan, this undermines the integrity of that story. Important details are left out, and differences between cases get suppressed. Thus, The World in the Model is meant to be a heterogeneous collection of historical case studies each of which stands in its own right as an exercise in modelling in economics. ‘‘I have long described [the book] as a kind of travel guide: I present, as three-star tourist sites, some of the best known, and historically significant, models in economics, and use each as the basis upon which to fashion a philosophical commentary about the nature of modern economics’’ (xv). That philosophical commentary comes in the form of a collection of insights but not as a large philosophical argument about what
The Undertreatment of Pain in Children: An Overview

At the present time, the management of pain in children is not addressed with the same vigor and enthusiasm as is the management of pain in adults. Limited accessible information and limited research have allowed inaccurate and inadequate information to persist, which serves to justify the status quo. The personal nature of pain and the complexity of assessing it have offered further obstacles. Changes are occurring, however, which will dramatically alter present practice. It will soon be unacceptable socially and medically to ignore the suffering of children.
SYNTACTICIZATION: from discourse to syntax: grammar as a processing strategy

The traditional transformationalist approach to independent syntax is untennable on two grounds: First, it is derived from a set of data that is restricted and presanitized. Second, it does nothing to further the understanding as to why the grammar of human language is the way it is. This chapter discusses that: there are many facts supporting the existence of some structural level called syntax, but to explain the formal properties of that structural level, one must make reference to a number of substantive explanatory parameters of language. It also describes a number of recurring themes in diachronic syntax. It is suggested that all of them represent processes by which loose, paratactic, pragmatic discourse structures develop, over time, into tight, grammaticalized syntactic structures. For each one of these processes, one could prepare a balance sheet of communicative gains and communicative losses. If language constantly takes discourse structure and condenses it—via syntacticization—into syntactic structure, one would presumably expect human languages to become increasingly syntacticized over time.
Turbulent Inflow Generation Through Buoyancy Perturbations with Colored Noise

An inflow generation method for large-eddy simulations of wall-bounded turbulent flows is presented. The method builds upon the work of Munoz-Esparza et al. (“A Stochastic Perturbation Method to Ge...
Association Between Embedded Cellular Phone Calls and Vehicle Crashes Involving Airbag Deployment

A study was done of a cellular telephone system embedded in a vehicle by the vehicle manufacturer. This study examined voice calls to a service advisor made with a single button press (an OnStar call). The OnStar system also automatically places a call to an advisor notifying of an airbag deployment (an airbag call). The main objective of this study was to determine the probability of an airbag-deployment crash, given that an OnStar call was in progress. The complete OnStar database from October 1996 to May 2001 was searched for all occurrences of OnStar calls associated with airbag calls. In the total population of about eight million OnStar calls, there were eight cases of an OnStar voice conversation being followed in less than 10 minutes by an airbag call. The advisor's written comments in these eight cases indicated there were even fewer cases, likely only two, in which the phone was actually in use at the time of the crash. The comments contained no specific indications that the OnStar calls contributed to causing the crashes, but did contain indications of other possible causes, such as a driver's self-report of drowsiness. The conclusions are: (1) An embedded cell phone call with an advisor followed by airbag-deployment crash within 10 minutes is rare, occurring at a frequency of one event per million calls during the five-year period of the study; (2) An embedded cell phone in use at the time of an airbag-deployment crash is even more rare, occurring at a frequency of one event per four million calls; (3) Embedded cell phone usage uniquely causing an airbag-deployment crash occurs even more rarely.
The Butter Bump, a Magpie, John Clare

The strategies of natural history are distancing ones, and, since Michel Foucault’s The Order of Things, the genre has been the subject of powerful modes of distanced reading. A corollary, perhaps, is that any instance of natural history writing, and especially, any single entry in a natural history compilation, can seem closed to “close” reading: in the field guide as in the taxonomic systems that inform its organization, the highly codified general descriptor, structurally equivalent to every other general descriptor in the set, swallows up the situated, the particular, the near. Within this arena, John Clare’s natural history writing is, in Sara Guyer’s phrase, “hyperbolically local.” Readers have variously praised Clare’s writing on natural subjects for its decentering of an anthropomorphizing perspective, for its mimetic fidelity to an experienced local environment, for what has been described as its proto-environmental or –ecological awareness. This essay pursues the forms of local attentiveness displayed in Clare’s natural history writing in a different direction, to explore how his work engages in close, critical readings of the operations of natural history. My essay tracks Clare’s pursuit of two odd birds, “the” butter bump and “a” magpie, each of which makes a “strange noise” that reverberates through its world, traversing borders, confounding equivalencies, and sounding both the power and the limits of an already-arrived natural order of things.
Measuring Medication Adherence Among Type 2 Diabetes: An Integrative Review.

Background and purpose The literature indicates there is a lack of evidence of a standard for diabetes medication adherence (MA) measures. The purpose of this integrative review (IR) was to identify instruments appropriate to measure MA among adults with T2DM. Methods The IR was conducted according to Whittemore and Knafl (2005) methodology. The databases CINAHL, OVID, PubMed, and Scopus were searched for manuscripts published between 2006 and 2016 using the keywords "adherence," "diabetes," "instrument," and "measure." Ten manuscripts reflecting the psychometric properties of twelve published instruments were reviewed. Results The most commonly used instrument was the Morisky Medication Adherence 8 item. Reliability and validity varied among studies. Conclusion The findings suggest the need for continued psychometric testing of diabetes MA instruments.
DevOps - Preparing Students for Professional Practice

This work in progress paper presents a course on DevOps which is a combination of software development skills and software operations skills. This new course is for sophomores and juniors in the computer science program who want to be prepared for professional software engineering careers. Introduction to DevOps Is a hands-on laboratory course that brings students through Git for source code management, Capybara for automated testing, AWS, Docker, and Ansible for automated virtual machine provisioning and configuration, and Jenkins for Continuous Integration. Unlike our current course offerings which primarily focus on the single developer context in a localized environment, this course prepares students for highly collaborative, team-based projects that use cloud resources to facilitate management of the software deployment pipeline. We developed this course based on feedback from our external advisory board and under consultation from a number of industrial partners. This is complementary to our current offerings in software engineering which focus on Agile software practices. In this paper we describe the core concepts, the design, learning experiences, technologies, and lessons learned through developing and conducting this course. In future work we hope to present student perceptions of learning and provide data collected through direct assessment of student outcomes.
Combined influence of inspiratory loading and locomotor subsystolic cuff inflation on cardiovascular responses during submaximal exercise

Reflexes arising from the respiratory and locomotor muscles influence cardiovascular regulation during exercise. However, it is unclear how the respiratory and locomotor muscle reflexes interact wh...
CREBBP/EP300 mutation is associated with poor outcome in HNSCC and targetable with synthetic cytotoxicity.

Background: Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) harbors few directly targetable mutations, however several mutations in this malignancy may be sensitive to synthetic cytotoxicity. Methods: Whole exome sequencing in human HNSCC tumors (n=235) was analyzed for effect on outcome. In vivo shRNA screening in HNSCC models was performed following by in vitro and in vivo studies of tumor response and DNA damage repair. Results: Mutation in either the histone acetyltransferases CREBBP and EP300 or CASP8 were associated with poor outcome following radiation therapy in HNSCC. In vivo shRNA screening identified synthetic cytotoxicity in CREBBP/EP300 mutant tumors by combining radiation and inhibition of histone acetyltransferase (HAT) function. This effect appears to be due to increased DNA damage following ionizing radiation through inhibition of homologous recombination and altered acetylation of histone marks. Conclusion: CREBBP/EP300 mutation is associated with radiation resistance in HNSCC and is targetable via synthetic cytotoxicity.
Nutritional and stress effects on immunologic function

Abstract Immune cell function and metabolism are closely linked. Alterations in cellular metabolism influence cell function. The best studied example of critical energy changes are in T cells. Naive T cells utilize oxidative phosphorylation of lipids, amino acids, and glucose-derived pyruvate. Once activated, they increase glucose uptake, glycolysis, and reduction of pyruvate to lactate, a process aptly named aerobic glycolysis. Less well understood, however, are the effects of systemic metabolism or whole organism nutritional status on immune cell function and metabolism. Emerging epidemiological and basic studies are now elucidating dietary and other metabolic effects on immune function.
Telemedicine in the emergency department in the era of COVID-19: front-line experiences from 2 institutions

During the COVID-19 pandemic, one of the major changes that has occurred in emergency medicine is the evolution of telemedicine. With relaxation of regulatory and administrative barriers, the use of this already available technology has rapidly expanded. Telemedicine provides opportunity to markedly decrease personal protective equipment (PPE) and reduce healthcare worker exposures. Moreover, with the convenience and availability of access to medical care via telemedicine, a more fundamental change in healthcare delivery in the United States is likely. The implementation of telemedicine in the emergency department (ED) in particular has great potential to prevent the iatrogenic spread of COVID-19 and protect health care workers. Challenges to widespread adoption of telemedicine include privacy concerns, limitation of physical examination, and concerns of patient experience. In this clinical review, we discuss ED telemedicine applications, logistics, and challenges in the COVID-19 era as well as recent regulatory and legal changes. In addition, examples of telemedicine use are described from 2 institutions. Examples of future applications of telemedicine within the realm of emergency medicine are also discussed.
Physical modeling of fluid-filled fractures using the dynamic photoelasticity technique

AbstractWe have developed an optical apparatus based on the dynamic photoelasticity technique to visualize and analyze the propagation of the Krauklis wave within an analog fluid-filled fracture. A...
Quantitative REM Sleep without Atonia in Parkinson's Disease and Essential Tremor.

Background Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep behavior disorder (RBD) occurs occasionally in essential tremor (ET), but polysomnographic REM sleep without atonia (RSWA) analyses have been sparse. Objective To characterize the amount and distribution of polysomnographic RSWA, the electrophysiologic substrate of RBD, in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) and ET. Methods We analyzed quantitative RSWA in 73 patients: PD (23), ET (23), and age-sex-matched controls (27). None had dream-enactment behavior history or received antidepressants. Phasic, tonic, "any," and phasic-burst duration RSWA measures were calculated in the submentalis (SM) and anterior tibialis (AT) muscles. The automated REM atonia index (RAI) was also determined. Statistical analysis was performed by Kruskal-Wallis rank-sum and Mann-Whitney tests. Results SM phasic RSWA was significantly greater for PD than ET patients and controls (12.5% ± 12.8% vs. 4.9% ± 6.7%, 3.9% ± 2.6%), as was SM "any" (13.54% ± 14.30% vs. 5.2% ± 7.6%, 4.2% ± 2.6%). RAI was significantly lower in PD than in ET and controls (0.78 ± 0.23 vs. 0.92 ± 0.09 vs. 0.90 ± 0.17, P ≤ 0.005), but no different between ET and controls. AT phasic and "any" RSWA was similar between the 3 groups. ET and control RSWA was similar in all measures. Two ET patients (8.7%) had SM RSWA similar to PD patients. Conclusions Elevated SM RSWA distinguished PD from ET in patients without dream-enactment symptoms and occurs frequently in PD patients, and in isolated tremor suggests underlying synucleinopathy. Prospective studies will further validate these findings.
Ideal theory in AI ethics.

This paper addresses the ways AI ethics research operates on an ideology of ideal theory, in the sense discussed by Mills (2005) and recently applied to AI ethics by Fazelpour \& Lipton (2020). I address the structural and methodological conditions that attract AI ethics researchers to ideal theorizing, and the consequences this approach has for the quality and future of our research community. Finally, I discuss the possibilities for a nonideal future in AI ethics.
The Milky Way globular cluster system within the context of a closed box

Metallicities of the Milky Way globular cluster (GC) system are interpreted within the framework of a closed box model of chemical evolution. Model age-metallicity relations normalised to the Sun are compared with an observed age-metallicity relation constructed from literature data for the Galactic globular clusters and solar neighbourhood dwarf stars. One branch of the GC age-metallicity relation is seen to form a natural extension of the solar neighbourhood relation to low metallicities. Such clusters may fit in situ into the same Galactic closed-box model as many disk stars. Timescales for halo and disk GC formation are computed based on this assumption. However, a single closed box cannot account for a second branch in the GC age-metallicity data. This problem is addressed by assuming that some GCs did not form in situ within the closed box of the Galaxy, but rather were formed within separate parent objects whose chemical evolution was characterised by longer star formation timescales than the Milky Way box. These parent objects were eventually acquired by the Milky Way. Estimates are made of the initial mass and star formation timescale of those objects that contributed GCs to the accreted component of the Milky Way.
Dietary factors and MRI metrics in early Multiple Sclerosis

Abstract Background Despite significant interest in diet by the MS community, research on this topic is limited; there are no published studies evaluating associations between diet and neuroimaging in MS. Methods We utilized baseline data from the RADIEMS cohort of early MS (diagnosed Results MIND diet score was associated with thalamic volume; individuals in the highest quartile of MIND diet scores had greater thalamic volumes versus those in the lowest quartile (Q4 vs. Q1: 1.03mL; 95%CI: 0.26mL, 1.79mL; p Conclusions In this first study focused on neuroimaging and diet in MS, we note significant associations in a cross-sectional early MS cohort. Longitudinal follow-up of imaging/clinical outcomes will provide additional insights.
Effect of Crossflow Transition on the Pressure-Sensitive-Paint Rotor in Hover

The amplification factor transport transition model has been extended to include crossflow transition and applied to a rotor in hover. Validation of the crossflow model implementation has been perf...
The Children’s English and Spanish Speech Recognition Test (ChEgSS): Normative data

The Children’s English and Spanish Speech Recognition Test (ChEgSS) is a clinical tool for assessing children’s English and Spanish word recognition in a noise or two-talker masker. The English and Spanish versions of the test are acoustically, phonetically, and linguistically similar. The goal of this study was to establish threshold norms for Spanish-English bilingual and English monolingual children, and to evaluate effects of age and language proficiency on performance. Participants were 81 Spanish-English bilingual and 89 English monolingual children (4–17 years) with normal hearing. Children completed word recognition testing using an adaptive, 4AFC procedure with a picture-pointing response. All children completed testing in both a noise and a two-talker masker. Bilingual children were tested in English and in Spanish, and monolingual children were tested in English. Language proficiency was assessed using standardized assessments of receptive vocabulary as well as parent report. Both groups of children performed more poorly in two-talker speech than in speech-shaped noise. Preliminary results indicate that age and receptive vocabulary were significant predictors of word recognition performance in both languages and for both maskers. Performance for balanced bilinguals (i.e., similar language proficiency in Spanish and English) was similar for Spanish and English stimuli.
Consequences of inbreeding for offspring fitness and gender in Silene vulgaris, a gynodioecious plant

Abstract In gynodioecious plants, hermaphrodite and female plants co-occur in the same population. In these systems gender typically depends on whether a maternally inherited cytoplasmic male sterility factor (CMS) is counteracted by nuclear restorer alleles. These restorer alleles are often genetically dominant. Although plants of the female morph are obligatorily outcrossing, hermaphrodites may self. This selfing increases homozygosity and may thus have two effects: (1) it may decrease fitness (i.e. result in inbreeding depression) and (ii) it may increase homozygosity of the nuclear restorer alleles and therefore increase the production of females. This, in turn, enhances outcrossing in the following generation. In order to test the latter hypothesis, experimental crosses were conducted using individuals derived from four natural populations of Silene vulgaris, a gynodioecious plant. Treatments included self-fertilization of hermaphrodites, outcrossing of hermaphrodites and females using pollen derived from the same source population as the pollen recipients, and outcrossing hermaphrodites and females using pollen derived from different source populations. Offspring were scored for seed germination, survivorship to flowering and gender. The products of self-fertilization had reduced survivorship at both life stages when compared with the offspring of outcrossed hermaphrodites or females. In one population the fitness of offspring produced by within-population outcrossing of females was significantly less than the fitness of offspring produced by crossing females with hermaphrodites from other populations. Self-fertilization of hermaphrodites produced a smaller proportion of hermaphroditic offspring than did outcrossing hermaphrodites. Outcrossing females within populations produced a smaller proportion of hermaphrodite offspring than did crossing females with hermaphrodites from other populations. These results are consistent with a cytonuclear system of sex determination with dominant nuclear restorers, and are discussed with regard to how the mating system and the genetics of sex determination interact to influence the evolution of inbreeding depression.
Deletion of Stat3 enhances myeloid cell expansion and increases the severity of myeloproliferative neoplasms in Jak2V617F knock-in mice

The JAK2V617F mutation commonly found in myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) induces constitutive phosphorylation/activation of the signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (Stat3). However, the contribution of Stat3 in MPN evoked by JAK2V617F remains unknown. To determine the role of Stat3 in JAK2V617F-induced MPN, we generated Stat3-deficient Jak2V617F-expressing mice. Whereas expression of Jak2V617F resulted in a polycythemia vera-like disease characterized by increased red blood cells (RBCs), hematocrit, neutrophils and platelets in the peripheral blood of Jak2V617F knock-in mice, deletion of Stat3 slightly reduced RBC and hematocrit parameters and modestly increased platelet numbers in Jak2V617F knock-in mice. Moreover, deletion of Stat3 significantly increased the neutrophil counts/percentages and markedly reduced the survival of mice expressing Jak2V617F. These phenotypic manifestations were reproduced upon bone marrow (BM) transplantation into wild-type animals. Flow cytometric analysis showed increased hematopoietic stem cell and granulocyte-macrophage progenitor populations in the BM and spleens of Stat3-deficient Jak2V617F mice. Stat3 deficiency also caused a marked expansion of Gr-1+/Mac-1+ myeloid cells in Jak2V617F knock-in mice. Histopathologic analysis revealed marked increase in granulocytes in the BM, spleens and livers of Stat3-deficient Jak2V617F-expressing mice. Together, these results suggest that deletion of Stat3 increases the severity of MPN induced by Jak2V617F.
Estimating the Enthalpy of Gasification of Acrylonitrile–Butadiene–Styrene Hybrid Rocket Fuels

This report investigates the pyrolysis properties of both extruded and additively manufactured acrylonitrile–acrylonitrile–styrene at material surface temperatures from 350 to 725°C. These temperatures approximate the range of surface temperatures reached during combustion when acrylonitrile–acrylonitrile–styrene is employed as a hybrid rocket propellant. This temperature range is significantly higher than temperatures evaluated during previous acrylonitrile–acrylonitrile–styrene fire-safety combustion and pyrolysis studies. Linear regression rates of acrylonitrile–acrylonitrile–styrene fuel grain material specimens are measured during pyrolysis and used to derive estimates for both the molar and mass-based enthalpies of gasification. Molar values for enthalpy of gasification are estimated from the regression rate data using an Arrhenius-type process model. The mass-based enthalpy of ablation is calculated from the power duty cycle of the heating element used to produce the fuel pyrolysis. Test results co...