cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Don the barriers.

Health care workers (HCWs) have many "barriers" at their disposal to protect them from risk of occupational exposures to bloodborne pathogens or communicable diseases. These barriers include the daily use of personal protective attire, such as gloves, gowns, masks, and eye protection; following appropriate isolation precautions; using work practice controls, such as safety needles; using preventive methods less frequently needed, such as vaccination against the hepatitis B virus, annual influenza vaccinations, and prompt reporting of occupational exposures. Proactive and consistent use of these barriers makes any health care environment a safer place to work.
Pharmacologic treatment of rapid ejaculation.

The recent studies that demonstrate the efficacy of pharmacologic treatment for rapid ejaculation are reviewed. Critical issues concerning the benefits and liabilities of this treatment are discussed.
Retinoic acid for treatment of systemic sclerosis and morphea: A literature review

Systemic sclerosis and morphea are connective tissue diseases characterized by tightening, thickening, and hardening of the skin, leading to significant morbidity. Unfortunately, current treatment options have limited efficacy for many patients. Cutaneous manifestations of these diseases arise from excess collagen deposition and fibrosis in the skin, through pathogenic mechanisms which have yet to be extensively detailed at the causal immune and cellular levels. Research elucidating the mechanism of action of retinoic acid on collagen production in the skin and case series highlighting the success of retinoic acid on the skin manifestations of systemic sclerosis and on morphea demonstrate its promise as a treatment. Herein they will briefly review the treatment options for both systemic sclerosis and morphea, and will discuss the potential of retinoic acid as a therapy and the supporting evidence from the literature, highlighting the previously published basic science and clinical studies investigating the role of retinoic acid in the treatment of sclerotic skin diseases.
Peripheral oculomotor training in individuals with healthy visual systems: Effects of training and training transfer

Individuals with pathological or simulated central visual field loss can be trained to use a preferred retinal locus (PRL) as a substitute for their non-functioning fovea. The functional benefits of a stable PRL are well documented, but little is known about oculomotor adaptations during PRL acquisition or transfer of training to another location in response to real or simulated disease progression. In this study, eight normally-sighted observers were trained to use a pseudo-PRL (pPRL) at one of two locations by guiding an eccentrically placed, gaze-contingent ring over a fixation target. The pPRL location was 6.4 degrees in either inferior or right visual field, balanced across observers. Training was completed in two sessions of 200 hundred trials separated by a week. Between sessions, the pPRL position was switched. Task performance was quantified both in terms of gaze stability around the fixation target and gaze accuracy in terms of distance between the target and ring centers. The latter was used to provide feedback by covarying the diameter of the ring to make the task easier or harder on the basis of subject performance. Accuracy and stability significantly increased with training and was comparable at each trained location. Performance gains were retained over a week and transferred from the first to the second pPRL location. Thus, pPRL training with feedback can provide sustained, generalizable improvements in oculomotor control following simulated foveal vision loss. These results suggest that low vision rehabilitation specialists may prioritize PRL training locations based on sensory function alone, since oculomotor gains are relatively uniform; and that training early in the disease process may benefit later adaptations should eye disease progress.
Selective etching of silicon in preference to germanium and Si 0.5 Ge 0.5

At 50 °C and 760 mTorr, Si may be etched in preference to Ge and Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 with an essentially infinite Si:Ge etch rate ratio (ERR), while for Si:Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 , the ERR is also infinite at 22 °C and 760 mTorr. XPS data shows the selectivity is due to differential suppression of etching by a ∼2 ML thick C x H y F z layer formed by the H 2 /CF 4 /Ar plasma on Si and Ge or Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 . The data is consistent with the less exothermic reaction of fluorine radicals with Ge or Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 being strongly suppressed by the C x H y F z layer, while on Si the C x H y F z layer is not sufficient to completely suppress etching. Replacing H 2 with D 2 in the feed gas results in an inverse kinetic isotope effect (IKIE) where the Si and Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 etch rates are increased by ∼42× with retention of significant etch selectivity. The use of D 2 /CF 4 /Ar instead of H 2 /CF 4 /Ar results in less total carbon deposition and eliminates fluorocarbon deposition on Si and Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 , and gives less Ge enrichment of Si 0.5 Ge 0.5 . This is consistent with the selectivity being due to the differential suppression of etching by an angstrom scale carbon layer.
Abstract 512: Anorectic and Thermogenic Effects of Chronic Vagal Nerve Stimulation in Mice

Electrical vagal nerve stimulation (VNS) has emerged as a new tool to treat human diseases including obesity. Indeed, chronic VNS has been shown to cause weight loss in humans and in experimental animal models. However, the mechanisms by which chronic VNS causes weight loss are largely unknown due in part to the unavailability of implantable nerve stimulators for mice excluding the use of genetically engineered mouse models to investigate these mechanisms. Identification such mechanisms promises to identify novel approaches for weight loss. Here, we report the development of a miniaturized microprocessor-operated nerve stimulator for chronic use in conscious mice. Effectiveness of the stimulator was verified by the bradycardia induced at stimulation frequencies above 5 Hz (3V, 1mA, 1ms pulses). Next, we used the stimulator to test whether changes in metabolic rate, caloric intake and feeding efficiency (body weight gain per calories consumed) contribute to chronic VNS-induced weight loss. Male C57Bl/6 mice (16 weeks old, on standard mouse chow diet) were instrumented with nerve stimulators (3V, 1mA, 1ms pulses at 5 Hz) on the right cervical vagal nerve and body weight, food intake and metabolic rate (indirect calorimetry) were determined at baseline and weekly thereafter. After the initial post-surgical weight loss, sham animals (n=9, stimulators off) regained pre-surgical body weight within 16 days (100.0±2.7%). In contrast, mice with chronic VNS (n=12) never re-established pre-surgical body weight (94.5±0.9% on day 16, P<0.05 vs. sham). Caloric intake was significantly reduced in mice with chronic VNS compared to sham group (74.7±2.4 vs. 84.6±4.2 kcal/week, P<0.05). Likewise, mice with chronic VNS showed significantly reduced feeding efficiency compared to sham mice (2.6±2.0 vs. 10.6±2.4 mg body weight gain per kcal consumed). Oxygen consumption tended to be elevated (2734±152 vs. 2490±124 mL/kg/h) during the first week, but not thereafter. In conclusion, reduced food intake and lower feeding efficiency contribute to VNS-induced weight loss in mice. We speculate that an initial increase in metabolic rate (assessed by oxygen consumption) may be antagonized by compensatory mechanisms triggered by chronic VNS.
Structure-Reactivity Relationships in Acyclic Diene Metathesis (ADMET) Polymerization

The structure/reactivity behavior for pure hydrocarbon diene monomers, and for dienes containing heteroatoms has been examined. Steric hindrance is the controlling factor for hydrocarbon monomers, and intramolecular electronic interactions determine the reactivity of dienes possessing heteroatom functionality. This electronic interaction phenomenon is termed the “Negative Neighboring Group Effect”.
Utility of Shrimp and Der p 10 specific IgE for Shrimp Allergy Diagnosis in Non-House Dust Mite Sensitized Patients

Background: There are no set specific IgE (sIgE) to predict shrimp allergy as cross-reactivity with other arthropods play a role in shrimp sensitization. Objective: This study identifies the allergens associated with shrimp allergy in house dust mite (HDM) and non-HDM sensitized patients. Methods: Patients with shrimp sensitization (positive skin prick test [SPT] and/or sIgE) with/without history of clinical reaction were recruited. Allergy was confirmed by oral food challenge (OFC) except for patients with history of anaphylaxis. Shrimp allergic (SA) and shrimp tolerant (ST) patients were further classified based on HDM sensitivity. The sIgE to shrimp, shrimp and HDM components were performed. Fishers exact test, Wilcoxon sum rank test and receiver operating characteristics analyses were done. Results: Of 79 patients recruited, 12 SA (7 positive OFC and 5 with history of anaphylaxis), 18 ST and 10 non-shrimp sensitized controls (NC) were enrolled. In non-HDM sensitized patients, sIgE to shrimp (10.5 kUA/L, p=0.012) and Der p 10 (4.09 kUA/L, p=0.035) were higher in SA patients. Shrimp sIgE > or =3.55 kUA/L had 100% sensitivity and 85.71% specificity (ROC=0.94[0.81, 1.0]). Der p 10 sIgE > or =3.98 kUA/L had sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 100% (ROC=0.86[0.57, 1.0]). rPen a 1 ≥1.1 kUA/L had sensitivity of 80% and specificity of 85.7% (ROC=0.80[0.47,1.0]). Conclusions: In non-HDM sensitized patients, shrimp sIgE> or = 3.55 kUA/L and Der p 10 sIgE> or =3.98 kUA/L give 100% sensitivity and specificity, respectively, to diagnose shrimp allergy. HDM sensitivity can influence sIgE levels to shrimp and shrimp/HDM components due to cross-reactivity.
A front-end integrated circuit for a 2D capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT) array as a noninvasive neural stimulator

In this paper, we present a front-end integrated circuit (IC) for an ultrasound neurostimulation system, to be interfaced with a 16×16 2D CMUT array to realize an ultrasound field pattern (USFP) using quantized phases and amplitudes. The IC uses a pulse width modulation (PWM) technique with a three-level pulse to generate excitation signals having multi-level quantized amplitudes. For a programmable phase delay, each transmitter (TX) element has a voltage controlled delay cell (VCDL) controlled by a global delay-locked loop (DLL). A 6.75-V supply voltage is generated by an on-chip 2:1 step-down charge pump. The IC was fabricated in a 0.35-μm 13.5-V DDD process. The nonlinearity of the phase delay is characterized and shown not to significantly degrade the quality of the projected stimulation pattern. In addition, we validated the beamforming and steering capability of the IC with a 16-element 1D CMUT array operating at 6 MHz as part of our initial characterization efforts before integration with a 2D array.
How plastic is the central nervous system

Ramon y Cajal expressed the fatalistic view in 1928, of the central nervous system's response to damage that "...once the development was ended, the fonts of growth and regeneration of the axons and dendrites dried up irrevocably. In adult centers, the nerve paths are something fixed, ended, immutable. Everything may die, nothing may regenerate." Recently, however, new techniques for studying the nervous system have led to a reversal of thought. It is now clear the central nervous system (CNS) is remarkably plastic. While neurons cannot be replaced once they are lost through traumatic damage, the action of neurotoxins or disease processes, remaining neurons are capable of a remarkable array of responses under the appropriate conditions. The lines of research that led to this new concept are briefly explored and also current directions being pursued to understand factors that control CNS plasticity.
The common mechanism of turbulent skin-friction drag reduction with superhydrophobic longitudinal microgrooves and riblets

Turbulent skin-friction drag reduction with superhydrophobic (SH) longitudinal microgrooves and riblets is investigated by direct numerical simulation (DNS), using lattice Boltzmann methods, in channel flow. The liquid/gas interfaces in the SH longitudinal microgrooves were modelled as stationary, curved, shear-free boundaries, with the meniscus shape determined from the solution of the Young–Laplace equation. Interface protrusion angles of were investigated. For comparison, the same geometries as those formed by the SH interfaces were also studied as riblets. Drag reductions of up to 61 % and up to 5 % were realized in DNS with SH longitudinal microgrooves and riblets, respectively, in turbulent channel flows at bulk Reynolds numbers of ( ) and ( ), with arrays of SH longitudinal microgrooves or riblets of size and on both walls, where and denote the widths and spacings of the microgrooves in base flow wall units, respectively. An exact analytical expression is derived which allows the net drag reduction in laminar or turbulent channel flow with any SH or no-slip wall micro-texture to be decomposed into contributions from: (i) the effective slip velocity at the wall, (ii) modifications to the normalized structure of turbulent Reynolds shear stresses due to the presence of this effective slip velocity at the wall, (iii) other modifications to the normalized structure of turbulent Reynolds shear stresses due to the presence of the wall micro-texture, (iv) modifications to the normalized structure of mean flow shear stresses due to the presence of the wall micro-texture and (v) the fraction of the flow rate through the wall micro-texture. Comparison to DNS results shows that SH longitudinal microgrooves and riblets share a common mechanism of drag reduction in which of the drag reduction arises from effects (i) and (ii). The contributions from (iii)–(v) were always drag enhancing, and followed a common scaling with SH longitudinal microgrooves and riblets when expressed as a function of the square root of the microgroove cross-sectional area in wall units. Extrapolation of drag reduction data from DNS to high Reynolds number flows of practical interest is discussed. It is shown that, for a given geometry and size of the surface micro-texture in wall units, the drag reduction performance of micro-textured surfaces degrades with increasing bulk Reynolds number of the flow. Curved SH interfaces at low protrusion angle ( ) were found to enhance the drag reduction by up to 3.6 % compared to flat interfaces, while reducing the instantaneous pressure fluctuations on the SH interfaces by up to a factor of two. This suggests that the longevity of SH interfaces in turbulent flow may be improved by embedding the SH surface within the microgrooves of shallow, scalloped riblets.
Delayed diagnosis of post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum: A multicenter case series and review of literature.

Abstract Introduction Pyoderma gangrenosum is a chronic neutrophilic dermatosis which can occur following trauma or surgery and can mimic infection. Surgical intervention can lead to progression of disease. Presentation of cases This case series describes 3 cases of post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum with delayed diagnosis from two large medical centers. Discussion Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical and histopathologic presentation, and management of post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum are discussed with a review of the literature. Conclusion Post-surgical pyoderma gangrenosum (PSPG) can mimic ulcerative disorders including bacterial infection. The diagnosis should be suspected in post-operative wounds with negative bacterial cultures which progress despite broad-spectrum antibiotics and surgical debridement. Recognizing the clinical features of PSPG is fundamental to prevent severe destruction and deformity.
Lipid and Lipoprotein Changes Due to Estrogen Replacement Therapies and Their Association with Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women

Postmenopausal estrogen replacement is prescribed for nearly 2.3 million women in the United States for the relief of symptoms and more recently for the prevention of osteoporosis (Kennedy et al., 1985; Peck et al., 1984). Numerous cohort and case-control studies, however, suggest that estrogen replacement therapy (ERT) may have a more important indication (Ross et al., 1987). These studies show that ERT decreases the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD) in women by as much as one half to two thirds. More than 250,000 women die each year of CAD, and it is the number one cause of death in women. ERT could therefore have a major role in the prevention of heart disease in women.
Is It Time to Revisit the Feres Doctrine? The Disparate Treatment of Active Duty Military Personnel under the Federal Tort Claims Act

Congress enacted the Federal Tort Claims Act in 1946, intending to create a remedy for individuals injured by the negligence of government employees. However, the Supreme Court of the United States carved out an exception, now known as the Feres Doctrine, which bars claims by military personnel for injuries received “incident to military service.” Courts have interpreted “incident to service” to encompass any treatment which military members receive in military medical facilities. Therefore, this doctrine bars service members from bringing claims for medical malpractice. In this paper, we review a recent case involving the Feres Doctrine and discuss the pertinent legislation that makes it difficult for individuals to receive just compensation under the Federal Tort Claims Act. Injured plaintiffs in California and other states face even additional obstacles to recovery under the guise of medical malpractice reform.
The Empirical Grounding of System Performance Measurements

Traditional econometric/statistical methods of performance measurement are unable to account for the complexity in educational systems. Oversimplified performance measures can lead to organizational pathologies. Performance measures that retain empirical grounding in systems-in-transition need to be developed.
Marine Threats Overlap Key Foraging Habitat for Two Imperiled Sea Turtle Species in the Gulf of Mexico

Effective management of human activities affecting listed species requires understanding both threats and animal habitat-use patterns. However, the extent of spatial overlap between high-use foraging areas (where multiple marine species congregate) and anthropogenic threats is not well known. Our modeling approach incorporates data on sea turtle spatial ecology and a suite of threats in the Gulf of Mexico to identify and map “hot spots” of threats to two imperiled turtle species. Of all 820 “high” threats grid cells, our tracked turtles foraged at least one day in 77% of them. Although threat data were not available outside the U.S. Exclusive Economic Zone, our map of turtle and threat “hotspots” can be incorporated in future more comprehensive threat analyses for the region. Knowledge of these shared foraging- and threat-areas can assist managers charged with designing effective conservation and population recovery strategies, in future habitat modeling efforts, and in designations of Gulf of Mexico habitat with high conservation value.
Integrating diagnostics and model-based optimization

Abstract Energy Management and Information Systems are a family of analytics technologies that include energy information systems, fault detection and diagnostics (FDD), and automated system optimization tools. Such systems have the potential to enable buildings to meet energy management goals of reducing total energy consumption and cost. Most current market offerings use data-driven and rule-based analytics. However, the use of physics-based models in the analytics offers potential improvements by providing an accurate estimation of outputs based on representation of the physical principles governing the building system behaviors. This also permits the use of design stage models to inform commissioning and operation. This paper describes the development and testing of a hybrid data-driven and physics model-based operational tool for energy efficiency in central cooling plants. The tool offers FDD functionality, setpoint optimization, and visualization of key performance parameters. It was demonstrated at a university campus in the mixed-humid ASHRAE Climate Zone 4A. Key performance metrics that were analyzed include plant electricity use reduction, plant model calibration, and system economics. Annual simulations indicate the tool can provide electricity savings of greater than 10% for approximately six months of the year, mainly during the winter season when wet bulb temperatures are low, though only 1.38% savings for the entire year. Additionally, over a 4-day period in April, recommended optimal setpoints were implemented, resulting in 17% savings versus metered baseline consumption. With respect to model calibration, the difference between model-predicted and measured parameters was less than 10% for 90% of data points acquired for three of six chillers, and for each ten cooling towers. Finally, the tool users reported that satisfaction with the capabilities was equal to or better than that with the preexisting BAS system.
Distributed Secondary Control Strategy for Microgrid Operation with Dynamic Boundaries

Microgrids (MGs) with dynamic boundaries, also known as dynamic MGs, are able to support critical loads without energization from utility and allow system topology variation upon request. Utilization of dynamic MGs can provide more flexible solutions toward distribution system restoration from natural disasters. This paper proposes a distributed secondary control strategy for dynamic MG operation under both static topology and topology variation. The proposed control strategy aims to guarantee seamless transitions during dynamic MG reconfiguration and proper power management among distributed generators (DGs) that are grouped dynamically. Smart switches (SSWs) are utilized to identify, process, and implement the reconfiguration request. The proposed control strategy provides a framework to coordinate the operation of multiple DGs in neighboring autonomous MGs and determine the operation status of SSWs, so that no transient over-shoots are introduced as SSWs operate and DGs are able to support the system power demand proportionally. Detailed controller designs are provided. Sufficient conditions under which the proposed controllers are exponentially stable are derived and the dynamic performance of the proposed controller are validated by comprehensive case studies in MATLAB/Simulink.
Experimental Dynamic Braking with Energy Storage and Power Generation Capability for Maritime Industry

The use of regenerative braking within the industry of transportation has recently garnered interest within the maritime industry. This paper presented a novel technique for regerneartive breaking with applications to maritime industry. The dynamic braking system is implemented by controlling a separately excited DC (SEDC) brushed machine. A control strategy using real-time microcontrollers is developed in order to implement the proposed method. In addition, the user interface (UI) is used to aid the process of regenerative braking and to generate and store power from maritime cargo ship cranes. The proposed regenerative system is applied to place large shipping containers onto a cargo ship and battery banks are used as storage units. An experimental setup is performed and utilized to demonstrate the impacts and results of the proposed dynamic braking system. The results are reported and thoroughly discussed.
Santayana's Axiom: The South Dakota State Medical Association and Medical Practice Legislation in 1929 and 2017.

Abstract In 1928 members of the South Dakota State Medical Association (SDSMA or the Association) held a special meeting in Huron to consider a basic science bill that conformed "…in its entirety to the conditions existing in our state." Their draft bill proposed a standardized examination for all practitioners of the healing arts. A legislative committee, with its attorney, "…was in Pierre during the early part of the 1929 legislative session to make sure the bill was properly launched and in effective channels." Shortly after its introduction, the bill was withdrawn due to opposition from one SDSMA district whose legislative representatives were among the most influential in the legislature. A similar bill promoted by the SDSMA in 1933 also failed. It would be another six years before a basic science bill was enacted by the legislature. Eighty-nine years later, a bill governing the practice of certified nurse practitioners (NP) and certified nurse midwives (NM), including a board independent of the South Dakota Board of Medical and Osteopathic Examiners, was considered (Senate Bill 61). Introduced by a senator who characterized herself as representing the "House of Nursing," the bill challenged "…the overarching role that medicine thinks and perceives that they may have regarding advanced practice nursing practice." SB 61 passed in the senate and house and was signed by the governor. For this legislation in the 1930s and in 2017, the SDSMA's interest was defining and maintaining control of medical practice under the twin rubrics of quality and patient welfare. In both circumstances, legislators and other health care professional organizations contested not only the SDSMA's motivations, but also the evidence supporting their efforts. Our research explored (1) whether the collective viewpoints and conduct of the legislature, the SDSMA, and non-physician medical professionals are comparable in the two circumstances; and (2) if the circumstances are comparable, can we derive a useful concept or theme that could help guide the SDSMA in the future?
Human genotyping and an experimental model reveal NPR-C as a possible contributor to morbidity in coarctation of the aorta.

Coarctation of the aorta (CoA) is a common congenital cardiovascular (CV) defect characterized by a stenosis of the descending thoracic aorta. Treatment exists, but many patients develop hypertensi...
Serum miR-17 levels are downregulated in obese, African American women with elevated HbA1c.

Type 2 diabetes is heterogeneous disease characterized by several conditions including hyperglycemia. It is estimated that over 350 million people worldwide are suffering from type 2 diabetes and this number is expected to rise. According to the CDC, African Americans were observed to have a 40% higher incidence of diabetes compared to European Americans. Epigenetic modulating mechanisms such as microRNAs (miRNAs), have recently been established as a massive regulatory machine in metabolic syndrome, obesity and type 2 diabetes. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the serum levels of circulating miRNA 17 (miR-17) of obese, African American women with elevated HbA1c. We investigated miR-17 serum levels using qPCR. Then we used Pairwise Pearson Correlation Test to determine the relationship between clinical metabolic parameters and miR-17 serum levels. The results indicated that participants with elevated HbA1c exhibited a down regulation of serum miR-17 levels compared to participants with normal HbA1c. MiR-17 was also correlated with serum calcium in participants with normal HbA1c. The results suggest that serum miR-17 is involved in the regulation of glucose and calcium homeostasis, which may contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes.
Assessment of Acoustic impact for the wind farm in Algeria

The aim of this article is to evaluate noise impact produced by wind farm, the ISO 9613-2 standard method it be used to evaluate the acoustic impact for one row of twelve wind turbines from South-South-East (SSE) to North-North-West (NNW), 208 m of distance between each two turbines. The results obtained show that the noise level of this wind farm is approximately 45 dB at 236m from the nearest wind turbine and it is corresponds to the noise inside quiet house, while the noise level produced is acceptable, except an ellipse (1.87km2) around of the wind turbines, which the noise is greater than 45dB; we can conclude that these noise levels are consistent with the national standard (Executive Decree No. 93-184 of July 27, 1993, regulating noise emission)
Before Consent: Qualitative Analysis of Deliberations of Patients With Advanced Cancer About Early-Phase Clinical Trials

PURPOSE:Patients with advanced cancer and oncologists deliberate about early-phase (EP) trials as they consider whether to pursue EP trial enrollment. We have limited information about those delibe...
Abstract A22: Synchronous ovarian and uterine cancers in US women, 2004-2015

Purpose: Ovarian and uterine cancers are the 5th and 6th leading causes of cancer death in US women and comprise over 77,000 of new cancer cases diagnosed each year. Synchronous primary tumors, or tumors diagnosed within one year of each other, in gynecologic cancers are rare. While case studies of synchronous ovarian and uterine cancers have been reported, limited evidence exists on the co-occurrence of this cancers at a population level. We aimed to assess the incidence of synchronous ovarian and uterine cancers in the United States, along with the demographic and tumor characteristics of the women diagnosed with synchronous cancers. Methods: We analyzed incident cases of malignant epithelial ovarian and uterine cancers reported to population-based central cancer registries funded by CDC’s National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) or the NCI’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) during the 2004-2015 time period. Cases reported only from death certificates or autopsy were excluded. We considered women to have a synchronous ovarian and uterine cancer if the diagnosis of the other cancer occurred within six months of the first primary ovarian or uterine cancer. We conducted a descriptive analysis examining demographic and clinical characteristics among women having only a first primary uterine or ovarian cancer compared to women with synchronous cancers. Results: Between 2004-2015, 7,654 women were diagnosed with synchronous ovarian and uterine cancers. During that same time period, 183,284 women were diagnosed with primary ovarian cancer alone and 397,657 women were diagnosed with primary uterine cancer alone. Women with synchronous uterine and ovarian cancers were significantly younger than women diagnosed with only one cancer (33.71% vs. 14.77% under age 50, p Conclusion: Women diagnosed with synchronous ovarian and uterine cancers differed significantly from women diagnosed with only ovarian or uterine cancer for multiple demographic variables and tumor characteristics. This could suggest that women meeting these characteristics who are diagnosed with either ovarian or uterine cancer may benefit from assessment for presence of the other cancer at the time of diagnosis. Citation Format: Mary Puckett, Julie S. Townsend, Sherri L. Stewart. Synchronous ovarian and uterine cancers in US women, 2004-2015 [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr A22.
Fabrication and Testing of a Gold Nanoparticle-loaded Tissue-mimicking Phantom for Validation of Gold $L$ -shell X-ray Fluorescence Imaging Results

We previously reported the development of direct x-ray fluorescence (XRF) imaging system for quantitative imaging of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) on a benchtop setting. This system is implemented with an ordinary polychromatic x-ray source and, by detecting gold $L$ -shell XRF photons, is capable of detecting/imaging trace amounts of gold nanoparticles (GNPs), on the order of parts-per-million (ppm), under the calibration conditions. For routine XRF imaging of biological samples (e.g., explanted tumors) containing ppm-level GNPs, this system needs to be tested further under more realistic imaging conditions. Thus, we developed a GNP-loaded tissue-mimicking phantom and performed a phantom imaging study using our benchtop XRF imaging system. For the tissue-mimicking phantom construction, the GNP-filled capillary tubes with known GNP concentrations were placed in an “E” shaped pattern and sandwiched between three layers of cheese. The results (i.e., XRF map) from the scanning of this phantom showed that the “E” shape of the phantom was well visible in the XRF map and all three arms and the stem of “E” were spatially resolved within ∼2 mm. The measured GNP concentrations were in good agreement with the known GNP concentrations.
History as Postmodern? Revisiting the Debate Across Historical Organization Studies

Efforts to enact a ‘turn’ to an historically-informed ethos in management and organization studies have resulted in a proliferation of research across multiple scholarly communities. This is parall...
Molecular structure of [(tBu)2Al(3,5-Me2py)]2(μ-O): Preferential hydrolysis of an aluminum-aryl over an aluminum-alkyl

The structure of [(tBu)2Al(3,5-Me2py)]2(μ-O) has been determined as a consequence of the preferential hydrolytic cleavage of an Al–O versus an Al–C bond from the hydrolysis of the quinone bridged compound, [(tBu)2Al(3,5-Me2py)]2(μ-OC6H4O). The Al–O distance is 1.710(1) A and the Al–O–Al angle is 180° because of crystallographic symmetry. Crystal data: triclinic, P\(\overline 1\), a = 9.334(2) A, b = 10.639(2) A, c = 10.661(2) A, α = 112.65(3)°, β = 93.84(3)°, γ = 115.84(3)°, V = 843.4(3) A3, Z = 1, R = 0.0581, Rw = 0.1674.
Learning to feed in the dark: how light level influences feeding in the hawkmoth Manduca sexta.

Nocturnal insects like moths are essential for pollination, providing resilience to the diurnal pollination networks. Moths use both vision and mechanosensation to locate the nectary opening in the...
Consequences of resistance: in vitro fitness, in vivo infectivity, and transmissibility of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A viruses.

Please cite this paper as: Govorkova EA. (2012) Consequences of resistance: in vitro fitness, in vivo infectivity, and transmissibility of oseltamivir-resistant influenza A viruses. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses 7(Suppl. 1), 50–57. The development of drug resistance is a major drawback to any antiviral therapy, and the specific anti-influenza drugs, the neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors (NAIs), are not excluded from this rule. The impact of drug resistance depends on the degree of reduction in fitness of the particular drug-resistant virus. If the resistance mutations lead to only a modest biological fitness cost and the virus remains highly transmissible, the effectiveness of antiviral use is likely to be reduced. This review focuses on the fitness of oseltamivir-resistant seasonal H1N1 and H3N2, 2009 pandemic H1N1 (H1N1pdm09), and highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza A viruses carrying clinically derived NAI resistance-associated NA mutations.
Studying GPCR/cAMP pharmacology from the perspective of cellular structure.

Signal transduction via G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) relies upon the production of cAMP and other signaling cascades. A given receptor and agonist pair, produce multiple effects upon cellular physiology which can be opposite in different cell types. The production of variable cellular effects via the signaling of the same GPCR in different cell types is a result of signal organization in space and time (compartmentation). This organization is usually based upon the physical and chemical properties of the membranes in which the GPCRs reside and the repertoire of downstream effectors and co-factors that are available at that location. In this review we explore mechanisms of GPCR signal compartmentation and broadly review the state-of-the-art methodologies which can be utilized to study them. We provide a clear rationale for a ‘localized’ approach to the study of the pharmacology and physiology of GPCRs and particularly the secondary messenger cAMP.
Elevated CO2 increases productivity and invasive species success in an arid ecosystem.

Arid ecosystems, which occupy about 20% of the earth's terrestrial surface area, have been predicted to be one of the most responsive ecosystem types to elevated atmospheric CO2 and associated global climate change1,2,3. Here we show, using free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) technology in an intact Mojave Desert ecosystem4, that new shoot production of a dominant perennial shrub is doubled by a 50% increase in atmospheric CO2 concentration in a high rainfall year. However, elevated CO2 does not enhance production in a drought year. We also found that above-ground production and seed rain of an invasive annual grass increases more at elevated CO2 than in several species of native annuals. Consequently, elevated CO2 might enhance the long-term success and dominance of exotic annual grasses in the region. This shift in species composition in favour of exotic annual grasses, driven by global change, has the potential to accelerate the fire cycle, reduce biodiversity and alter ecosystem function in the deserts of western North America.
An insect lipid transfer particle promotes lipid loading from fat body to lipoprotein.

The role of Manduca sexta lipid transfer particle (LTP) in the transport of lipid from fat body to lipophorin was investigated in vitro. Fat body that contained radiolabeled lipid was incubated with either high density lipophorin or low density lipophorin, and it was shown that lipid was transferred from fat body to lipophorins. The transfer of diacylglycerol was blocked by preincubating fat body with LTP antibody. Furthermore, transfer was restored by the addition of LTP, indicating that LTP promotes the transfer of lipid from fat body to lipophorins. Using lipophorins radiolabeled in their lipid moiety, transfer of lipid from lipophorin to fat body was demonstrated. This transfer was not mediated by LTP. The adipokinetic hormone-induced diacylglycerol mobilization from the fat body and the concomitant interconversion of high density lipophorin to low density lipophorin were performed in vitro and were shown to require the presence of LTP.
Development Impact Fees: Is Limited Cost Internatlization Actually Smart Growth?

Sprawl has defined development in the United States for the past fifty years. As people have moved from the cities to the suburbs, communities have been faced with staggering infrastructure, social, and environmental costs. Many municipalities have attempted to recoup costs of this development by imposing impact fees-charges on development used to pay for necessary public sefYices. Many environmental and smart growth advocates have embraced impact fees as a cost-internalizing approach to regulating growth. Federal and state courts, however, have placed substantial constraints on the scope of the costs that municipalities are able to recover through impact fees. Furthermore, because the most direct infrastructure costs are more readily recouped, development may occur in areas where the lack of these sefYices would otherwise have been prohibitive, while remaining social costs are borne by society at large. This Comment cautions local governments to be wary of using impact fees as a tool to address the broader impacts of sprawl, and urges them to balance the benefits of limited cost recovery with the effect of accommodating growth that might otherwise not occur.
Downtown vibrancy influences public health and safety outcomes in urban counties

Abstract Aims We explored the relationship between downtown vibrancy and county-level public health and safety outcomes in 48 large U.S. cities. Methods We developed a composite vibrancy index for the downtown areas in our sample and used cross-sectional linear regression analysis to relate this index to seven public health and safety outcomes, measured for the county in which each downtown is located. We also constructed a series of regression models in which the vibrancy index was disaggregated into its individual components to explore various dimensions of accessibility and urban form. Results Greater vibrancy was associated with lower prevalence of both physical inactivity and motor vehicle fatalities. Vibrancy was not significantly correlated with pedestrian or bicycle fatality risks or the prevalence of diabetes, obesity, or premature death. Individual measures of accessibility and connectivity had explanatory power comparable to the composite index for physical inactivity, and mixed land uses had comparable explanatory power for motor vehicle fatalities. Conclusions Urban counties with more vibrant downtowns may have more favorable population-level health and safety outcomes. Both composite and individual measures of vibrancy offer useful insights when considering mobility-related health and safety outcomes. Investments in vibrant centers that improve walkability and accessibility may encourage active transportation.
Microwave-induced zero-resistance states are not necessarily static

We study the effect of inhomogeneities in Hall conductivity on the nature of the zero resistance states seen in the microwave irradiated two-dimensional electron systems in weak perpendicular magnetic fields and show that time-dependent domain patterns may emerge in some situations. For an annular Corbino geometry, with an equilibrium charge density that varies linearly with radius, we find a time-periodic nonequilibrium solution, which might be detected by a charge sensor, such as a single electron transistor. For a model on a torus, in addition to static domain patterns seen at high and low values of the equilibrium charge inhomogeneity, we find that, in the intermediate regime, a variety of nonstationary states can also exist. We catalog the possibilities we have seen in our simulations. Within a particular phenomenological model, we show that linearizing the nonlinear charge continuity equation about a particularly simple domain-wall configuration and analyzing the eigenmodes allows us to estimate the periods of the solutions to the full nonlinear equation.
THE FINE STRUCTURE OF THE AXON AND GROWTH CONE OF THE DORSAL ROOT NEUROBLAST OF THE RABBIT EMBRYO

The centrally directed neurite of the dorsal root neuroblast has been described from the period of its initial entrance into the neural tube until a well-defined dorsal root is formed. Large numbers of microtubules, channels of agranular reticulum, and clusters of ribosomes are found throughout the length of the early axons. The filopodia of the growth cone appear as long thin processes or as broad flanges of cytoplasm having a finely filamentous matrix material and occasionally small ovoid or elongate vesicles. At first the varicosity is a small expansion of cytoplasm, usually containing channels of agranular reticulum and a few other organelles. The widely dilated cisternae of agranular reticulum frequently found within the growth cone probably correspond to the pinocytotic vacuoles seen in neurites in tissue culture. The varicosities enlarge to form bulbous masses of cytoplasm, which may measure up to 5 µ in width and 13 µ in length. They contain channels of agranular reticulum, microtubules, neurofilaments, mitochondria, heterogeneous dense bodies, and a few clusters of ribosomes. Large ovoid mitochondria having ribonucleoprotein particles in their matrix are common. Dense membrane specializations are found at the basal surface of the neuro-epithelial cell close to the area where the early neurites first enter the neural tube.
Characterization of NOx, N20, and CO for Lean-Premixed Combustion in a High-Pressure Jet-Stirred Reactor

A high-pressure jet-stirred reactor (HP-JSR) has been built and applied to the study of NO{sub x} and N{sub 2}O formation and CO oxidation in lean-premixed (LPM) combustion. The measurements obtained with the HP-JSR provide information on how NO{sub x} forms in lean-premixed, high-intensity combustion, and provide comparison to NO{sub x} data published recently for practical LPM combustors. The HP-JSR results indicate that the NO{sub x} yield is significantly influenced by the rate of relaxation of super-equilibrium concentrations of the O-atom. Also indicated by the HP-JSR results are characteristic NO{sub x} formation rates. Two computational models are used to simulate the HP-JSR and to provide comparison to the measurements. The first is a chemical reactor model (CRM) consisting of two perfectly stirred reactors (PSRs) placed in series. The second is a stirred reactor model with finite rate macromixing (i.e., recirculation) and micromixing. The micromixing is treated by either coalescence-dispersion (CD) or interaction by exchange with the mean (IEM) theory. Additionally, a model based on one-dimensional gas dynamics with chemical reaction is used to assess chemical conversions within the gas sample probe.
The Use of Pricing and Markets for Water Allocation

This paper will argue that increased demand for water resources and higher cost of development of new water resources require a transition toward water systems that enhance conservation by adoption of efficient irrigation and application technologies, improving water delivery systems, and improving the efficiency of water allocation. This can be done by a transition from systems of water queuing based on historical water rights to systems of trading and efficient pricing. The design of water pricing has to consider political-economy and equity considerations and therefore we present alternative approaches — including active and passive trading with water markets, and various institutions including tiered pricing. Incentives to adopt cleaner and greener technology is essential for the improvement of water quality and we will present a framework for pricing water and inputs that affect water quality taking into account heterogeneity among water users and across locations. The analysis will use illustratio...
Determination of mixed venous O2 and CO2 tensions and cardiac output by a rebreathing method

Abstract Rebreathing from a bag containing a volume approximating the functional residual capacity of 8–9 % CO 2 in N 2 results in alveolar O 2 and CO 2 tensions which become stable four to eight sec after the beginning of rebreathing and are maintained for approximately six sec. These tensions are believed to reflect mixed venous blood tensions. Ranges at rest are from 35 to 52 mm for P O 2 and 44 to 47 mm for P CO 2 . During exercise, P O 2 decreases and at an oxygen uptake of two 1/min is of the order of 30 mm Hg. Cardiac output values calculated from these data agree well with figures obtained with another method.
INTEREST RATE HEDGING: AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF ALTERNATIVE STRATEGIES

For hedging, financial and agricultural futures contracts differ in their usefulness. This paper presents a new hedging approach uniquely appropriate to financial futures that better fits the typical hedging situation confronted by those wishing to hedge interest rate risk. The superiority of this new hedging strategy is demonstrated empirically by comparing the strategy with several other methods currently in use.
On the inappropriate use of the intrinsic level as a measure of the electrostatic potential in semiconductor devices

The relationship between the intrinsic Fermi level E i and the electrostatic potential φ is reviewed in detail. It is shown that, contrary to popular belief, E i has no physical significance and cannot be used in general as a reference for φ. The local vacuum level gives the spatial variation of φ and is defined in the context of the energy-band diagram. These results pertain directly to the analysis of devices with nonuniform band structure, such as heterojunctions.
Armed services and society

An examination of the methods by which the main by which the inter-relationships of armed services and society may be explored and explained. It identifies the chief variables, assesses current theories and proposes an overarching theory which can explain changes and be used for prediction.