cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Active Phase in the Direct Synthesis of H2O2 from H2 and O2 over Pd/SiO2 Catalyst in a H2SO4/Ethanol System

In an effort to determine the active state of supported palladium for the direct formation of H2O2 from H2 and O2, the catalytic behavior of Pd0/SiO2, PdO/SiO2 and partially reduced PdO/SiO2 was determined. The results obtained in an ethanol slurry, with chloride ions and H2SO4 being present, showed that the PdO/SiO2 catalyst was almost completely inactive for the formation of H2O2 at 10 °C. The Pd0/SiO2 catalyst exhibited the highest activity for H2O2 formation, and the PdO/SiO2 material, reduced under very mild conditions, exhibited an intermediate activity. The state of Pd on the three catalysts was characterized by XRD, TEM and XPS methods. Only Pd0 (the metal phase) and PdO were observed on Pd0/SiO2 and PdO/SiO2, respectively. As expected, with the partially reduced PdO/SiO2 catalyst, both Pd0 and PdO phases were evident. The TEM results revealed that the Pd0 particles decorated the larger PdO particles. The results reported here support the role of metallic palladium, rather than the oxide, as the active phase for the direct formation of H2O2.
Recent Developments in the Treatment of Gastric Carcinoma

Surgery remains the mainstay for the curative treatment of gastric carcinoma. However, despite adequate surgery, survival remains poor. The use of adjuvant chemotherapy and radiotherapy has been examined in multiple previous clinical trials without convincing evidence of efficacy. However, recently, a large randomized controlled Intergroup trial, INT 116, demonstrated a survival advantage with chemoradiotherapy following curative surgery for gastric cancer. This review discusses the merits of the Intergroup trial and the ways in which it should affect the treatment of gastric cancer in the United States. INT 116 provides a foundation on which we can build to improve the care of patients with gastric cancer. With the evaluation of potentially better chemotherapeutic agents and the advent of molecularly directed therapy, there is increasing hope for improving the care of patients with gastric carcinoma.
Subcutaneous emphysema: An uncommon presentation of enterocutaneous fistula

Patients with advanced cancer often develop enterocutaneous fistulae. The enterocutaneous fistulae usually develop from gastrointestinal malignancies. We describe a case report of a patient with schwannoma of the ovarian cyst wall who developed enterocutaneous fistula but presented with subcutaneous emphysema.
Markov Chains theory in the detection of research activities in physics

The Markov Chains model was applied on a sample of citation data to predict the shifting trends of scientific inquiry from science and technology to social science subjects [7]. The validity of the findings awaits verification by future data. The same technique has recently been utilized to predict the movements of authors among nine subtopics in ethnomusicology [11]. Although a validation was attempted, unfortunately, inadequate data rendered the comparison inconclusive. In the present study, publications from the 1961–1970 Index were used to model the process of subfield shifts in a physics journal. It was assumed that authors movements among subfields of physics as shown in the subject headings assigned would reflect the subject shifts of the journal. The rate of change between the initial probability distribution and the limiting probability distribution were used to predict developmental trends. Finally, the subject distribution of publications appearing in the next ten-year Index validated the prediction. It is reasonable to conclude that the Markov Chains model appears to predict the shifts of research trends in a specialty journal.
The Role of Tax Regulation and Compensation Contracts in the Decision to Voluntarily Expense Employee Stock Options

We show that firms with executive bonuses that qualify for deduction under Internal Revenue Code Section 162(m) were less likely to expense stock option compensation (SOC) in 2002. Additionally, the more likely it is that a qualified firm will incur re-contracting costs, the less likely it is that the firm will expense SOC. CEOs of qualified firms that also expense SOC receive smaller bonuses than CEOs of expensing firms that are not qualified under 162(m), and the lower 162(m) bonuses are not offset by higher SOC. Our results suggest that 162(m) tax incentives are an important determinant of the decision to expense SOC.
Glenoid revision is best treated with glenoid implants: Affirms

Abstract Radiographic lucency adjacent to the glenoid component is a common finding after a total shoulder arthroplasty. In fact, the majority of patients with this entity are asymptomatic and require no management. However, when there is documented progression of lucent lines, leading to clinically symptomatic loosening, revision total shoulder arthroplasty is warranted. Treatment options for revision surgery are guided by the amount of glenoid bone loss and include either reimplanation or removal. When feasible, reimplantation of the glenoid yields superior clinical results. Reimplantation strategies include reimplantation without bone grafting, one-stage reimplantation with bone grafting, two-stage reimplantation with bone grafting, and reimplantation with the use of glenoid augments. If bone loss precludes, the clinician may consider implant removal with either biologic resurfacing or hemiarthroplasty.
PARAMAGNETIC DEFECTS IN IRRADIATED KClO(4).

Electron magnetic resonance studies of x-ray damaged crystals of potassium perchlorate indicate the presence of two types of stable paramagnetic defects at room temperature. One type of defect appears to be a trapped ClO/sub 2/ molecule. Findings are described. (C.H).
Computerized systems in vehicles of novel construction

Computers play a major, and increasing, part in today's motor cars. The quest for lighter cars leads towards the use of exotic materials and processes in the car's structure. The combination of these two trends presents the electronic engineer with a difficult environment, probably poorly understood. Some experience exists: constraints of the above combination and findings are discussed, with a conclusion based on experience of composite vehicle electrics.
Effect of high-dose stereotactic body radiation therapy on liver function in the treatment of primary and metastatic liver malignancies using the Child-Pugh score classification system

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate liver function after high-dose liver stereotactic body radiation therapy (SBRT) in the treatment of metastatic and primary malignancies of the liver using the Child-Pugh score classification system. Methods and materials This was a retrospective analysis of 46 patients treated with SBRT for metastatic and primary malignancies of the liver. Patient, disease, prior treatment, and SBRT dosimetric factors were analyzed to correlate with decline in Child-Pugh class after liver SBRT. Results Median follow-up was 11.0 months for patients alive at last follow-up. Twenty-three patients (50%) had primary liver malignancies. Median delivered dose was 55 Gy in 5 fractions (range, 36-60 Gy in 3-6 fractions) to 1 lesion (range, 1-4 lesions) measuring 4.0 cm (range, 1.3-12.4 cm). Forty-one patients (89%) received ≥50 Gy in 3 to 6 fractions. Child-Pugh score classification was A in 42 patients (91%). Seven patients (15%) received adjuvant chemotherapy or targeted therapy. Twenty-nine patients (63%) experienced an intrahepatic recurrence after treatment. Ten patients (22%) experienced a decline in Child-Pugh class at a median of 1.6 months (range, 0.2-6 months). Eighty percent experienced a one-category decline. Only the V20, V25, V30, and V50 were correlated with decline in Child-Pugh class on univariate analysis, with V25 being most significant ( P = .027). A V25 >32% was associated with a 42% incidence of Child-Pugh class decline compared with 9% for V25 ≤32 ( P = .029). For primary liver malignancies, a V25 >36% was associated with a 4-fold increase in the incidence of Child-Pugh class decline (60% vs 15%, P = .021). Conclusions Approximately one-quarter of patients experience a decline in Child-Pugh class after high-dose liver SBRT. The V25 may be an important dosimetric parameter predicting decline in liver function after treatment.
Finite state vector quantisation with neural network classification of states

The results of employing neural network classification of states (NNCS) in finite state vector quantisation (FSVQ) are presented. In addition to intrablock correlation, already exploited by vector quantisation (VQ), the new design takes advantage of the interblock spatial correlation in typical grey-level images. The main achievement of FSVQ techniques is to assure access to a large master codebook for quantising purposes, thus achieving high image quality, while utilising a small state codebook for the purpose of specifying the block label, thus utilising low bit rates. Typically, FSVQ techniques require a very large memory space for the storage of the numerous state codebooks. However, with NNCS the memory space requirements can be reduced by a large factor (about 102–103) to manageable size, with little or no impairment of image quality, in comparison to FSVQ. This is accomplished by a neural network classification of finite states into representation states, whose associated states all share the same codebook. This codebook is populated by the most frequently occurring codevectors in the representation state. Numerical and pictorial results of simulation experiments are presented for the image LENA. They show that by using NNCS the required bit rate is about 0.25 bits/pixel at 30 dB peak SNR resulting in high quality reconstructed imagery, while the memory requirement is reduced by a factor of 256.
An updated meta-analysis approach for genetic linkage

We present a meta-analysis procedure for genome-wide linkage studies (MAGS). The MAGS procedure combines genome-wide linkage results across studies with possibly distinct marker maps. We applied the MAGS procedure to the simulated data from the Genetic Analysis Workshop 14 in order to investigate power to detect linkage to disease genes and power to detect linkage to disease modifier genes while controlling for type I error. We analyzed all 100 replicates of the four simulated studies for chromosomes 1 (disease gene), 2 (modifier gene), 3 (disease gene), 4 (no disease gene), 5 (disease gene), and 10 (modifier gene) with knowledge of the simulated disease gene locations. We found that the procedure correctly identified the disease loci on chromosomes 1, 3, and 5 and did not erroneously identify a linkage signal on chromosome 4. The MAGS procedure provided little to no evidence of linkage to the disease modifier genes on chromosomes 2 and 10.
Verification and validation of the Optimal Transportation Meshfree (OTM) simulation of terminal ballistics

We evaluate the performance of the OptimalTransportationMeshfree (OTM) method of Li et al. [21], suitably extended to account for seizing contact and fracture, in applications involving terminalballistics. The evaluation takes the form of a conventional Verification and Validation (V&V) analysis. In support of the validation analysis, we have conducted tests concerned with the normal impact of Aluminum alloy 6061-T6 thin plates by S2 tool steel spherical projectile over a range of plate thicknesses of [0.8 mm, 1.6 mm] and a range of impact velocities of [100, 400]m/s. The tests were conducted at Caltech’s GALCIT gas-gun Plate-Impact Facility. We find excellent agreement between measured and computed perforation areas and a ballistic limits over the thickness and velocity ranges considered. Our verification analysis consists of model-on-model comparisons and an assessment of the convergence of the OTM method. Specifically, we find excellent agreement between the incident vs. residual velocities predicted by the OTM method and by the power-law relation of Recht and Ipson [36]. We also find robust linear convergence of the OTM method as measured in terms of residual velocity error vs. number of nodes.
Web Application Scanners: Definitions and Functions

There are many commercial software security assurance tools that claim to detect and prevent vulnerabilities in application software. However, a closer look at the tools often leaves one wondering which tools find what vulnerabilities. This paper identifies a taxonomy of software security assurance tools and defines one type of tool: Web application scanner, i.e., an automated program that examines Web applications for security vulnerabilities. We describe the types of functions that are generally found in a Web application scanner and how to test it
The Marshfield Clinic Personalized Medicine Research Project: 2008 scientific update and lessons learned in the first 6 years

The Marshfield Clinic Personalized Medicine Research Project is the largest population- based biobank in the USA, with the ability to recontact subjects to obtain additional information to facilitate gene-environment studies. Nearly 20,000 adults have enrolled in the Personalized Medicine Research Project since 2001, after providing active written consent to access their Marshfield Clinic medical records to define phenotype and providing blood samples from which DNA, plasma and serum samples were stored. Numerous studies are underway in the area of pharmacogenetics and genetic epidemiology. In addition to the scientific discoveries being made, much has been learned regarding biobanking and the management of large amounts of data being generated. The purpose of this paper is to share the advice provided by the external Scientific Advisory Board and the scientific lessons learned along the way to build this research infrastructure and facilitate its use.
The position of the fast-inactivation gate during lidocaine block of voltage-gated Na+ channels.

Lidocaine produces voltage- and use-dependent inhibition of voltage-gated Na+ channels through preferential binding to channel conformations that are normally populated at depolarized potentials and by slowing the rate of Na+ channel repriming after depolarizations. It has been proposed that the fast-inactivation mechanism plays a crucial role in these processes. However, the precise role of fast inactivation in lidocaine action has been difficult to probe because gating of drug-bound channels does not involve changes in ionic current. For that reason, we employed a conformational marker for the fast-inactivation gate, the reactivity of a cysteine substituted at phenylalanine 1304 in the rat adult skeletal muscle sodium channel α subunit (rSkM1) with [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]methanethiosulfonate (MTS-ET), to determine the position of the fast-inactivation gate during lidocaine block. We found that lidocaine does not compete with fast-inactivation. Rather, it favors closure of the fast-inactivation gate in a voltage-dependent manner, causing a hyperpolarizing shift in the voltage dependence of site 1304 accessibility that parallels a shift in the steady state availability curve measured for ionic currents. More significantly, we found that the lidocaine-induced slowing of sodium channel repriming does not result from a slowing of recovery of the fast-inactivation gate, and thus that use-dependent block does not involve an accumulation of fast-inactivated channels. Based on these data, we propose a model in which transitions along the activation pathway, rather than transitions to inactivated states, play a crucial role in the mechanism of lidocaine action.
A role for glutamate and its receptors in the regulation of oligodendrocyte development in cerebellar tissue slices

We tested the hypothesis that the neurotransmitter glutamate would influence glial proliferation and differentiation in a cytoarchitecturally intact system. Postnatal day 6 cerebellar slices were maintained in organotypic culture and treated with glutamate receptor agonists or antagonists. After dissociation, cells were stained with antibodies for different oligodendrocyte developmentally regulated antigens. Treatment of the slices with the glutamate receptor agonists kainate or alpha -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid significantly decreased the percentage of LB1(+), NG2(+) and O4(+) cells, and their bromodeoxyuridine labeling index. The non-N-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor antagonist 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione increased the percentage and bromodeoxyuridine labeling of LB1(+), NG2(+) and O4(+) cells. In intact slices, RNA levels of the oligodendrocyte gene for 2′,3′-cyclic nucleotide 3′-phosphodiesterase were decreased by kainate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid, and increased by 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. The percentage of astrocytes was not modified by kainate, alpha -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid or 6, 7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione. Treatment with the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist 2-amino-5-phosphonopentanoic acid did not alter the percentage of O4(+) cells, nor their proliferation. Incubation with the gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor antagonist bicuculline did not modify the percentage of LB1(+), A2B5(+) and O4(+) cells. In purified cerebellar oligodendrocyte progenitor cells, glutamate receptor agonists blocked K+ currents, and inhibited cell proliferation and lineage progression. The K+ channel blocker tetraethylammonium also inhibited oligodendrocyte progenitor cell proliferation. These findings indicate that in rat cerebellar tissue slices: (i) glutamate specifically modulates oligodendrocyte but not astrocyte development through selective activation of alpha -amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors, and (ii) cell depolarization and blockage of voltage-dependent K+ channels is likely to be the triggering mechanism.
Late recovery following spinal cord injury. Case report and review of the literature.

✓ The authors of this prospective, single-case study evaluated the potential for functional recovery from chronic spinal cord injury (SCI). The patient was motor complete with minimal and transient sensory perception in the left hemibody. His condition was classified as C-2 American Spinal Injury Association (ASIA) Grade A and he had experienced no substantial recovery in the first 5 years after traumatic SCI. Clinical experience and evidence from the scientific literature suggest that further recovery would not take place. When the study began in 1999, the patient was tetraplegic and unable to breathe without assisted ventilation; his condition classification persisted as C-2 ASIA Grade A. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed severe injury at the C-2 level that had left a central fluid-filled cyst surrounded by a narrow donutlike rim of white matter. Five years after the injury a program known as “activity-based recovery” was instituted. The hypothesis was that patterned neural activity might stimulate th...
Serum amyloid A is a ligand for scavenger receptor class B type I and inhibits high density lipoprotein binding and selective lipid uptake.

Serum amyloid A is an acute phase protein that is carried in the plasma largely as an apolipoprotein of high density lipoprotein (HDL). In this study we investigated whether SAA is a ligand for the HDL receptor, scavenger receptor class B type I (SR-BI), and how SAA may influence SR-BI-mediated HDL binding and selective cholesteryl ester uptake. Studies using Chinese hamster ovary cells expressing SR-BI showed that 125I-labeled SAA, both in lipid-free form and in reconstituted HDL particles, functions as a high affinity ligand for SR-BI. SAA also bound with high affinity to the hepatocyte cell line, HepG2. Alexa-labeled SAA was shown by fluorescence confocal microscopy to be internalized by cells in a SR-BI-dependent manner. To assess how SAA association with HDL influences HDL interaction with SR-BI, SAA-containing HDL was isolated from mice overexpressing SAA through adenoviral gene transfer. SAA presence on HDL had little effect on HDL binding to SR-BI but decreased (30–50%) selective cholesteryl ester uptake. Lipid-free SAA, unlike lipid-free apoA-I, was an effective inhibitor of both SR-BI-dependent binding and selective cholesteryl ester uptake of HDL. We have concluded that SR-BI plays a key role in SAA metabolism through its ability to interact with and internalize SAA and, further, that SAA influences HDL cholesterol metabolism through its inhibitory effects on SR-BI-mediated selective lipid uptake.
ON THE INTENSITY-TIME RELATIONS FOR STIMULATION BY ELECTRIC CURRENTS. II.

Formulae are derived for the time-intensity relations for stimulation by direct currents using the following hypotheses: first, the current produces an excitatory effect whose rate of growth is proportional to the voltage; and second, the tissue reacts toward the normal state at a rate proportional to the amount of excitation. If p represents the local excitatory process numerically, the hypotheses are represented by the differential equation See PDF for Structure. where K and k are constants and V the applied voltage. For the stimulus to be adequate it is assumed that p must be built up to a certain liminal value. It appears as a deduction from the data that this liminal value is a function of the voltage of the form h ± αV where h and α are constants. α is zero or negligible for certain electrodes. αV is a measure of electrotonus or a similar phenomenon. Experimental data are discussed and are shown to agree satisfactorily with the derived formulae for stimulation both at the anode and cathode.
Pin Reinforcement of Delaminated Sandwich Beams Under Axial Compression

The present study is concerned with translaminar reinforcements in a sandwich beam for preventing buckling of the delaminated face sheet under edge-wise axial compression. Sandwich beams consisting of graphite/epoxy face sheets and an aramid honeycomb core were reinforced in the thickness direction using two techniques: Z-pinning using graphite/epoxy pins and a novel “C-pinning technique” developed by the authors. To evaluate the effect of reinforcement type and reinforcement spacing on the ultimate compressive strength of delaminated beams, compression tests were performed. Critical buckling loads and post-buckling behavior of sandwich beams under axial compression were evaluated by finite element analysis to provide insight into the effectiveness of translaminar reinforcement. Pin reinforcement has been shown to significantly improve the ultimate compressive load of a delaminated sandwich beam.
Isolating metamemory deficits in the self-regulated learning of adults with ADHD.

ADHD in adulthood is associated with chronic academic impairments and problems with strategic memory encoding on standardized memory assessments, but little is known about self-regulated learning that might guide intervention. Objective: Examine the contribution of metamemory judgment accuracy and use of learning strategies to self-regulated learning in adults with ADHD, focusing on the use of self-testing. Method: A total of 34 adults with ADHD and 34 matched controls predicted their memory performance and regulated their learning of paired associates. Results: Adults with ADHD were as accurate as controls at predicting memory performance, despite remembering fewer words. By observation and self-report, they were less likely to use self-testing to learn the pairs. Conclusion: Across groups, self-testing was associated with significantly better recall and largely accounted for differences between diagnostic groups. Adults with ADHD often failed to employ a strategy that was associated with improved memory, identifying an intervention target that may improve self-regulated learning.
Transport limits in high-speed quantum-well lasers: experiment and theory

It is shown experimentally that the modulation bandwidth of quantum well lasers can be reduced by a factor of six due to carrier transport across undoped layers of the laser as in the separate confinement heterostructure (SCH). Analytical expressions are given for the modulation response function, resonance frequency, damping rate and K factor to include carrier transport, and it is shown that carrier transport is responsible for a low-frequency rolloff which limits the modulation response of quantum-well lasers. It also shown that carrier transport leads to a reduction in the effective differential gain, while the gain compression factor remains largely unaffected by it. >
Factors influencing public preferences for invasive alien species management

Abstract Invasive species research has traditionally focused on the ecological aspects of invasions and their threats to biodiversity. Few studies have incorporated social dimensions of invasive alien species (IAS) management. In this study, we surveyed visitors ( N = 1166) to Cumberland Island National Seashore, GA, USA, to measure their knowledge of, attitudes toward, and preferences for various IAS management options. Multinomial logistic regression, two-step cluster analysis, and the Potential for Conflict Index were used to determine factors that predict support for IAS control, identify subgroups of visitors with unique management preferences, and evaluate the level of consensus among these distinct groups. Results showed that, although knowledge and perceived threat scores were related to management preferences, environmental attitude orientations were the best indicators of support for IAS control. Absolute ecocentric visitors (typically younger, less educated individuals with less experience in parks) believed that all living things have a right to coexist without disruption and favored a hands-off management approach. Adaptive ecocentric visitors (typically older, more educated individuals with more experience in parks) believed that some degree of human interference is necessary to maintain ecosystem integrity and favored hands-on management. Despite these different perspectives, adaptive on-site control of invasive species was viewed as the most acceptable and least controversial management option across all visitor subgroups. This study may inform IAS management practices by providing a framework for identifying stakeholder characteristics and synthesizing public preferences to minimize conflict and highlight ecologically beneficial and socially acceptable outcomes.
The market for IVHS: a research perspective

The intelligent vehicle highway systems (IVHS) movement has attracted investments from a vast number of organizations, including federal government, automotive companies, aerospace companies, and a spectrum of high-tech companies. Today, IVHS is reaching a state of maturity where commercial products are becoming available, and research is continuing across a vast spectrum of technologies. In this paper, the market for IVHS products is assessed from a research perspective. Ultimately, this market depends on the benefits that accrue to individuals, businesses and government. With the huge number of companies already developing products, only a small percentage are destined to prosper. Those that do succeed will possess a thorough understanding of the costs and benefits associated with launching products into the competitive IVHS marketplace. Research can provide this understanding.
Experimental Study on Increasing the Received Power of Antenna using Circularly-Polarized Array Antenna

A method to increase the received power of an antenna system by combining polarization, space and frequency diversities is investigated in this paper. The antenna system under investigation consisted of an array of 10 microstrip antenna elements. Each antenna element is a microstrip antena with circular polarization. Two array antennas with circularly polarized elements have been designed for receiving eloctromagnetic energy in 900 MHz and 1800 MHz band. Laboratory measurement has been conducted to study the increase of antenna received power caused by combining space, polarizarion and frequency diversities. Results show that the proposed method is able to increase the received power by 12.9 dB at 900 MHz and by 8.4 dB at 1800 MHz in an indoor environment; and by 15.8 dB at 900 MHz and by 9.5 dB at 1800MHz. This increase is mainly contributed by the use of space diversity, namely the use of array of 10 elements which contributed to increase the received power by 10.3 dB in an indoor environment. The useof circularly-polarized element increased the received power by 2.6 dB. Of the three diversities proposed, frequency diversity was found to have the least significant contribution becase the received power from 1800 MHz band is smaller than the 900 MHz band. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.11591/ijece.v2i2.209 Full Text: PDF
Functional, structural, and metabolic abnormalities of the hippocampal formation in Williams syndrome

Williams syndrome (WS), caused by microdeletion of some 21 genes on chromosome 7q11.23, is characterized by dysmorphic features, mental retardation or learning difficulties, elastin arteriopathy, and striking neurocognitive and social-behavioral abnormalities. Recent studies of murine knockouts of key genes in the microdeleted region, LIM kinase 1 (LIMK1) and cytoplasmatic linker protein 2 (CYLN2), demonstrated significant functional and metabolic abnormalities, but grossly normal structure, in the hippocampal formation (HF). Furthermore, deficits in spatial navigation and long-term memory, major cognitive domains dependent on hippocampal function, have been described in WS. We used multimodal neuroimaging to characterize hippocampal structure, function, and metabolic integrity in 12 participants with WS and 12 age-, sex-, and IQ-matched healthy controls. PET and functional MRI studies showed profound reduction in resting blood flow and absent differential response to visual stimuli in the anterior HF in WS. Spectroscopic measures of N-acetyl aspartate, considered a marker of synaptic activity, were reduced. Hippocampal size was preserved, but subtle alterations in shape were present. These data demonstrate abnormalities in HF in WS in agreement with murine models, implicate LIMK1 and CYLN2 in human hippocampal function, and suggest that hippocampal dysfunction may contribute to neurocognitive abnormalities in WS.
A localized pleural based mass with intense uptake on positron emission tomography scan.

A 77-year-old man was referred for evaluation of a left chest mass found on a routine radiograph during hospitalization for a myocardial infraction. The patient underwent successful coronary stenting for occluded right coronary and left circumflex coronary vessels and remained asymptomatic. His medical history was significant for hypertension, hyperlipidemia, benign prostatic hypertrophy, and peripheral vascular disease. He had undergone a carotid endarterectomy 2 years prior to this hospital admission. His medications included atenolol, aspirin, clopidogrel, pantoprazole, simvastatin, tamsulosin, and amlodipine. His social history was remarkable for cigarette smoking (1 pack a day for 50 years) until he quit 4 years ago. He was retired from the merchant marine, and his work involved ship repair for several weeks at a time. No clear asbestos exposure could be established. His purified protein derivative status was negative. His vital signs, the findings of physical and cardiopulmonary examinations, and results of basic laboratory investigations were unremarkable on presentation.
Active Fixed-Income Portfolio Management Using the Black-Litterman Model

In this paper we study the application of the Black-Litterman model to an active fixed-income portfolio management. We present a rigorous derivation of the model in a general setting and then move on to apply it to active management. We derive the characteristics of the fixed-income portfolio we wish to manage, comprising government bonds, inflation-linked bonds and currencies and present results derived from the application of the BlackLitterman model. We also introduce and use some risk management tools to assess the benefits of using the Black-Litterman model. Finally, we discuss a way to calculate a sound covariance matrix to be used in the optimization process.
Synergy in the Political Science Classroom: Bringing Civic Education and Web-writing Together

As the program chairs for this APSA meeting ask us about “politics after the digital revolution,” the rapporteurs from the 2014 APSA Teaching and Learning Conference for the meetings Civic Engagement track argue that “We want our students to move from passive observers to active citizens who know how to navigate the institutions, processes and human elements of politics” (Bennion, Cole, & Gentry 2014). These concerns converge here. The central and motivating issue behind this paper is the oft-cited disengagement from political life and the political process, especially as seen among young citizens, and how this problem might be addressed through specific activities in political science classes. Multiple works, including Erlich (2000), Zukin et al. (2006), Saltmarsh and Hartley (2011), and Rios Millett McCartney, Bennion, and Simpson (2013), have focused on ways that higher education efforts can help turn around the declining level of civic and political participation in the United States. Addressing the decline is an essential undertaking. Hardly alone among observers, Colby et al. put the need clearly, noting that “political engagement is…required for sustaining American democracy” (2000, xxv).
Some Perspectives on Alcohol Utilization in a Compression Ignition Engine

This paper addresses some of the practical problems encountered in attempts to use the simple alcohols as alternate fuels in compression ignition (Cl) engines for transportation. It is comprised of six sections: 1) the motivations for pursuit of the alcohols for transportation, 2) a brief review of several municipal buses trials in North American cities, 3) relevant literature which is cited to support a hypothesis, 4) the presentation of a hypothesis and solution, 5) some engine performance data to address an issue attendant to the proposed solution, and 6) conclusion. The solution proposes auto ignition of the fuel via intake air heating as a means to overcome the part load engine efficiency problems. However, in implementing this strategy for a direct injection engine, elevated noise has been observed for alcohol operation. This was concluded to be due to a very rapid pressure rise on ignition attendant to air preheating and the high compression ratio of this engine. A different engine with prechamber and glow plug was tested; the purpose was to determine if a continuously operating glow plug would encourage prompt ignition of the alcohol during injection and reduce the observed noise problem. The conclusion reached was that the prechamber itself appears to have solved the noise problem without an energized glow plug.
The Antimicrobial Agent Fusidic Acid Inhibits Organic Anion Transporting Polypeptide-Mediated Hepatic Clearance and May Potentiate Statin-Induced Myopathy

Chronic treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains with the bacteriostatic agent fusidic acid (FA) is frequently associated with myopathy including rhabdomyolysis upon coadministration with statins. Because adverse effects with statins are usually the result of drug-drug interactions, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of FA against human CYP3A4 and clinically relevant drug transporters such as organic anion transporting polypeptides OATP1B1 and OATP1B3, multidrug resistant protein 1, and breast cancer resistance protein, which are involved in the oral absorption and/or systemic clearance of statins including atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, and simvastatin. FA was a weak reversible (IC50= 295 ± 1.0μM) and time-dependent (KI= 216 ± 41μM and kinact= 0.0179 ± 0.001 min(-1)) inhibitor of CYP3A4-catalyzed midazolam-1'-hydroxylase activity in human liver microsomes. FA demonstrated inhibition of multidrug resistant protein 1-mediated digoxin transport with an IC50 value of 157 ± 1.0μM and was devoid of breast cancer resistance protein inhibition (IC50> 500μM). In contrast, FA showed potent inhibition of OATP1B1- and OATP1B3-specific rosuvastatin transport with IC50 values of 1.59μM and 2.47μM, respectively. Furthermore, coadministration of oral rosuvastatin and FA to rats led to an approximately 19.3-fold and 24.6-fold increase in the rosuvastatin maximum plasma concentration and area under the plasma concentration-time curve, respectively, which could be potentially mediated through inhibitory effects of FA on rat Oatp1a4 (IC50= 2.26μM) and Oatp1b2 (IC50= 4.38μM) transporters, which are responsible for rosuvastatin uptake in rat liver. The potent inhibition of human OATP1B1/OATP1B3 by FA could attenuate hepatic uptake of statins, resulting in increased blood and tissue concentrations, potentially manifesting in musculoskeletal toxicity.
Trips to medical care among persons with disabilities: Evidence from the 2009 National Household Travel Survey.

Abstract Background Persons with disabilities experience multiple barriers to obtaining necessary medical care. Problems with access to transportation and provider choice could lead to longer travel distances and longer travel times to medical appointments. Objective/hypothesis 1) Persons with disabilities travel further distances to receive necessary care, holding other variables constant. 2) Travel to medical appointments takes a longer amount of time for persons with disabilities, controlling for distance, mode of transportation and other factors. 3) Disability is the key factor influencing access to transportation options, holding other variables constant. Methods The 2009 National Household Travel Survey (NHTS) is used to examine travel patterns of persons with disabilities as they access medical care. Logistic regressions are run on distance to medical appointments, time taken for travel to medical appointments, and access to private vehicle. Results There is no difference in the distance traveled, but trips to medical care by persons with disabilities take longer amounts of time than trips taken by persons without disabilities, holding other variables constant. Access to private transportation is similar for both persons with and without disabilities. Conclusions Persons with disabilities experience longer travel times to receive medical care, despite traveling similar distances and having similar access to private vehicles.
Alternative vocabularies in the test validity literature

Justification of testing practice involves moving from one state of knowledge about the test to another. Theories of test validity can (a) focus on the beginning of the process, (b) focus on the en...
IPv4+4

The IPv4+4 architecture presented provides an evolutionary approach to the extension of IPv4 address space. It builds on the existence of network address translators (NATs) and private address realms. During and after the transition from IPv4 to IPv4+4 there is no need to change routers, only NATs and end-hosts. End-to-end address transparency is regained incrementally as deployment progresses. The transition process is simple and it provides incentives for networks with both private and public addresses to upgrade and increase transparent reachability. Early implementation experiences are also included.
People's Beliefs about the Internet: Surveying the Positive and Negative Aspects

The explosion of the Internet – and the World Wide Web (WWW) in particular – has led to the distribution of information to a much more diverse and unspecified audience. Human factors professionals have a stake in the design of these Internet-based tools and the delivery of information over them. An initial survey distributed to a large diverse population asked respondents to provide positive and negative aspects about the WWW and related Internet communication technologies. The responses (n = 380) were grouped according to general positive and negative categories. Most of the categories paralleled each other on the negative and positive side. Access to information and security dominated both the positive and negative. A second survey had respondents rate 26 positive and negative items based on aspects identified in the first survey. The responses (n = 219) supported the larger categories identified in the first survey and revealed differences in attitude towards the Internet based on age, gender, and stud...
Effect of o-Carborane on the Optoelectronic and Device-Level Properties of Poly(fluorene)s

Carboranes have been previously noted to distinctively affect the luminescent properties of semiconducting polymers when incorporated into the conjugated backbone. In this report, we use carborane-based poly(fluorene) derivatives as active materials for polymer light-emitting diodes and transistors. Optoelectronic analysis unequivocally shows that carborane does not participate in the π-conjugated network, yet their presence causes major red-shifting in device electroluminescence as well as in thin film photoluminescence. In field effect transistors, they also improve charge carrier mobility by an order of magnitude despite disrupting π-conjugation. This use of carborane-containing conjugated polymers in active devices holds promise as new responsive materials in electronic polymer applications.
Naturally derived biomaterials for addressing inflammation in tissue regeneration

Tissue regeneration strategies have traditionally relied on designing biomaterials that closely mimic features of the native extracellular matrix (ECM) as a means to potentially promote site-specific cellular behaviors. However, inflammation, while a necessary component of wound healing, can alter processes associated with successful tissue regeneration following an initial injury. These processes can be further magnified by the implantation of a biomaterial within the wound site. In addition to designing biomaterials to satisfy biocompatibility concerns as well as to replicate elements of the composition, structure, and mechanics of native tissue, we propose that ECM analogs should also include features that modulate the inflammatory response. Indeed, strategies that enhance, reduce, or even change the temporal phenotype of inflammatory processes have unique potential as future pro-regenerative analogs. Here, we review derivatives of three natural materials with intrinsic anti-inflammatory properties and discuss their potential to address the challenges of inflammation in tissue engineering and chronic wounds.
3D glasma initial state for relativistic heavy ion collisions

We extend the impact-parameter-dependent Glasma model to three dimensions using explicit small-$x$ evolution of the two incoming nuclear gluon distributions. We compute rapidity distributions of produced gluons and the early-time energy momentum tensor as a function of space-time rapidity and transverse coordinates. We study rapidity correlations and fluctuations of the initial geometry and multiplicity distributions and make comparisons to existing models for the three-dimensional initial state.
Predicting Prognosis in Patients With Superficial Bladder Cancer

Bladder cancer is the most common urologic malignancy and is expected to affect approximately 54,000 people in 1998. Superficial bladder tumors (Tis, Ta, and T1 lesions) account for approximately 70% to 80% of these
Pattern Recognition and Preliminary Identification

This chapter describes potentially productive training and research agendas for AGP at hunter-gatherer (h/g) sites. Above all, learning how experimentally to identify actual human behavioral information from buried simulated archaeological deposits is advocated powerfully. If simulation training is OK for fighter pilots, it is probably OK for h/g archaeologists.
Association of corrected QT interval with body mass index, and the impact of this association on mortality: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

Summary Background Both QT interval and body mass index (BMI) are independently associated with mortality. Those with higher BMI have longer QT, although evidence is inconsistent. The joint association of QT and BMI with mortality merits investigation. Objective To examine the association of QT with BMI, and to examine the joint association of QT and BMI with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Methods We followed 4036 participants from NHANES III for a median of 14.7 years. Weighted sample was divided into 4 categories by BMI as: 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9 and ≥35, and 2 categories by corrected QT interval (QTc) as: normal ( Results QTc was longer among those with higher BMI (mean QTc: 424.7, 425.8, 430.9 and 437.8 respectively for BMI 18.5–24.9, 25–29.9, 30–34.9 and ≥35, p-trend: Conclusion Individuals with higher BMI have a significantly longer QTc. BMI is associated with increased all-cause and cardiovascular mortality risk when QTc is prolonged but not when QTc is normal. These novel observations suggest that QTc should be factored into risk stratification of obese individuals with a screening electrocardiogram. This may help stratify individuals into lower risk categories when QTc is normal.
Trajectory mining, representation and privacy protection

The maturing of mobile devices and systems provides an unprecedented opportunity to collect a large amount of real world human motion data at all scales. The rich knowledge contained in these data sets is valuable. In this analysis, we first study information dissemination through the physical contacts learnt from the data sets. Also, we propose the topological representation of trajectories, specially the homotopy types, which record how trajectories pass around certain regions of interest in the domain. Thereafter, as various types of personally sensitive information can be revealed from the published data sets, we present a simple algorithm, mix-and-match, for the type of applications that requires a faithful distribution at any temporal snapshot but does not require geometric shape of each individual to be preserved.
Small molecule inhibition of polo-like kinase 1 by volasertib (BI 6727) causes significant melanoma growth delay and regression in vivo.

The objective of this study was to determine the therapeutic potential of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1) inhibition in melanoma, in vivo. Employing Vectra technology, we assessed the Plk1 expression profile in benign nevi, malignant (stages I-IV) and metastatic melanomas. We found a significant elevation of Plk1 immunostaining in melanoma tissues. Further, a second generation small molecule Plk1 inhibitor, BI 6727, resulted in reductions in growth, viability and clonogenic survival, as well as an increase in apoptosis of A375 and Hs 294T melanoma cells. BI 6727 treatment also resulted in a G2/M-as well as S-phase cell cycle arrest in melanoma cells. Importantly, BI 6727 (intravenous injection; 10 and 25 mg/kg body weight) treatment resulted in significant tumor growth delay and regression in vivo in A375-and Hs 294T-implanted xenografts in athymic nude mice. These anti-melanoma effects were accompanied with a decreased cellular proliferation (Ki-67 staining) and induction of apoptosis (caspase 3 activation). In addition, BI 6727 treatment caused a marked induction of p53 and p21 in vitro as well as in vivo. Overall, we suggest that Plk1 inhibition may be a useful approach as a monotherapy as well as in combination with other existing therapeutics, for melanoma management.
Long-term Correction in Sleep Disturbance Is Sustained After Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair.

Background:Sleep disturbance is a major complaint of patients with rotator cuff disease that often leads them to seek treatment. The authors previously reported a prospective analysis of patients w...