cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Historic Changes (1941–2008) In Side Channel And Backwater Habitats On An Unchannelized Reach Of The Missouri River

Flow regulation has had pervasive effects on aquatic ecosystems within the world's large rivers. While channelization on the lower Missouri River has led to major changes in the river and its floodplain, including the loss of shallow water habitats, effects of upstream dams on unchannelized reaches on the Missouri have not been formally assessed. We quantified changes in the number and size of off-channel habitats, specifically backwaters and side channels, on the 95-km unchannelized reach of the Missouri below Gavins Point Dam (Yankton, South Dakota) using historical (1941, 1983–1985, 2008) aerial imagery. Total and mean areas of side channels declined by 77% and 37% and total and mean length decreased by 79% and 42% from 1941 to 2008. Total area of backwaters increased by 40% from 1941 to 2008, whereas mean area decreased by 36%. Our findings suggest that sharp declines in the area and length of side channels have occurred on this unchannelized remnant reach of the Missouri River, with likely significant impacts on aquatic ecosystem processes. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
A million spiking-neuron integrated circuit with a scalable communication network and interface

Inspired by the brain’s structure, we have developed an efficient, scalable, and flexible non–von Neumann architecture that leverages contemporary silicon technology. To demonstrate, we built a 5.4-billion-transistor chip with 4096 neurosynaptic cores interconnected via an intrachip network that integrates 1 million programmable spiking neurons and 256 million configurable synapses. Chips can be tiled in two dimensions via an interchip communication interface, seamlessly scaling the architecture to a cortexlike sheet of arbitrary size. The architecture is well suited to many applications that use complex neural networks in real time, for example, multiobject detection and classification. With 400-pixel-by-240-pixel video input at 30 frames per second, the chip consumes 63 milliwatts.
Burkitt lymphoma presenting as unilateral deafness in an immunocompetent patient.

A 55-year-old HIV-negative white male presented with right ear deafness, right axillary lymphadenopathy, and weight loss. Laboratory findings included anemia, marked leukocytosis, and thrombocytopenia. Examination of the peripheral smear demonstrated the presence of increased circulating blast-like cells of intermediate size, with basophilic cytoplasm and nuclei with open chromatin. MRI of the brain was compatible with hemorrhagic labyrinthitis. Excisional biopsy of the axillary mass revealed an enlarged lymph node with effaced architecture and “starry sky” appearance. The cells expressed CD20, CD10, BCL6, and surface kappa immunoglobulin light chain, with a high proliferative index by immunohistochemistry and flow cytometry. Subsequent bone marrow biopsy was hypercellular (approximately 95%), with blast-like cells virtually replacing all hematopoietic elements. Routine karyotype as well as FISH analysis of bone marrow cells demonstrated rearrangement of the MYC gene at chromosome 8q24 region, IGH/MYC fusion, and additional signal for IGH gene. We present herein a case of sporadic Burkitt lymphoma occurring in a previously healthy HIV-negative male. The unusual clinical findings in this case include the relatively older age at presentation (55 years), an immunocompetent patient who had nodal involvement and leukemic phase of Burkitt, coupled with partial deafness. A brief educational review of this neoplasm is made.
Readability estimates for commonly used health-related quality of life surveys.

Purpose To estimate readability of seven commonly used health-related quality of life instruments: SF-36, HUI, EQ-5D, QWB-SA, HALex, Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire (MLHFQ), and the NEI-VFQ-25.
Very high SFDR interpolation filters for software radio

Software radio liberates several important functions and parameters from a crippling dependence on hardwired characteristics. Examples are the intermediate frequency (IF), the baseband sampling rate, and the choice of the demodulation/detection scheme. By merely downloading the software matched to a particular mode or standard, it allows the desired operation to be achieved. It also permits the use of frequency agile techniques, since the NCO can change the frequency in a single clock cycle. One such key function is the sampling rate conversion. We present a new family of interpolation filters for sample rate conversion, which offer very high SFDR (spur-free dynamic range) values ranging from 90 dB to 170 dB. Called JIF, they are constructed by cascading two or more stages of Hamming-windowed sine pulse filters. In addition to the remarkable SFDRs, these filters also offer excellent passband characteristics so that the need for an additional shaping stage, warranted in some designs, is obviated. Also discussed is a novel platform-based implementation concept. Significant improvement in both performance and design time can thereby be achieved.
Recent development of high-temperature superconducting (HTS) cable in Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd

Three HTS cable demonstrations in Yokosuka (Japan) by Tokyo Electric Power Company (TEPCO) and Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. (SEI), Copenhagen (Denmark) by NKT and Carrollton (US) by Southwire were successfully implemented. After these successful milestones, the HTS cable development has been entered into the 2nd stage. Three Bi-based cable projects, which are in the real network, have started in US under international collaborations. Also, Asian HTS cable projects are ongoing in Japan, Korea and China. SEI is now engaging in the US Albany Project and KEPRI (Korea Electric Power Research Institute) Project adopting Sumitomo's 3-core in one cryostat type (3-in-One TM ) HTS cable for distribution network.
Tradition for Better or Worse

DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.4038/tapro.v5i2.6282 TAPROBANICA , December, 2013. Vol. 05, No. 02: pp. 99–101.
Sitosterol Feeding: Chronic Animal and Clinical Toxicology and Tissue Analysis

Sitosterol has previously been shown to block cholesterol absorption in both animals and man. Its clinical effectiveness in reducing hypercholesteremia has been repeatedly demonstrated. For periods exceeding 4 years, large amounts of sitosterol have been given daily for maintaining reduction of serum cholesterol concentration. The possibility of adverse side effects resulting from chronic administration has been considered. Long-term animal and clinical studies indicate that sitosterol has no detectable toxicity and does not accumulate or deposit in tissues.
High Performance Long-and Short-Channel In 0.7 Ga 0.3 As-channel MOSFETs

In conclusion, we have demonstrated long and short-channel In0.7Ga0.3As MOSFETs with and without alpha-Si passivation. Devices with alpha-Si show much higher transonductance and effective peak mobility of 3810 cm2/Vs. These results indicates that the alpha-Si layer has successfully passivated the III-V surface. Short-channel MOSFETs with gate length of 160 nm display record current of 825 mA/mm and peak transconductance of 683 mS/mm. These results are promising for realizing InGaAs-channel MOSFETs suitable for VLSI applications.
Macrotidal mudflats of the southwestern Korean coast; a model for interpretation of intertidal deposits

ABSTRACT Extensive muddy tidal flats along the western coast of Korea are distinctly different from other intertidal environments used as standard models for intertidal sedimentation (e.g., the North Sea). The muddy Korean tidal flats lack extensive, dendritic drainage systems, seaward barriers, landward salt marshes, and most sedimentary structures considered diagnostic of intertidal environments (i.e., flaser, wavy, and ripple-laminated bedding). Fifty-one cores were collected from intertidal and subtidal areas of Nam Yang Bay to investigate the distribution of texture, composition, structure, and accumulation rate of these muddy sediments. Sediments coarsen seaward (from about 8.8 phi to 4.6 phi) and downcore, indicating that the tidal flats are actively accreting, with finer-grained, high-tidal- and mid-tidal-flat sediments prograding over the coarser-grained, low-tidal-flat sediments. Sedimentary structures show a trend of increasing preservation of physical stratification (mm-scale parallel to slightly wavy-bedded laminae) toward the mid-tidal flat. Pb-210 accumulation rates are highest on the mid-tidal flat (5-9 mm/yr) and decrease both seaward and landward to 1-2 mm/yr. Upper portions of intertidal cores are laminated and lower portions are mottled; the opposite is true of subtidal cores. Different processes dominate these two environments on both short and long timescales. The most significant difference between the muddy Korean tidal flats and the sandier North Sea setting is the lack of intricate drainage networks. Drainage channels on the Korean tidal flats seem to be relatively stable. Thus, channel-fill sequences do not compose a major part of muddy intertidal deposits. Muddy intertidal deposits would be more difficult to identify in the rock record compared to sandy intertidal deposits because of the lack of channel-fill sequences (which compose the bulk of sandy intertidal deposits) and because the gradients in sedimentological properties are gradual and subtle.
Randomized, controlled pilot study comparing large-volume paracentesis using wall suction and traditional glass vacuum bottle methods

Objectives:Large-volume paracentesis (LVP) can be time and labor intensive depending on the amount of ascites removed and the method of drainage. Wall suction has been adopted as the preferred meth...
Intraocular pressure, safety and quality of life in glaucoma patients switching to latanoprost from adjunctive and monotherapy treatments.

PURPOSE To evaluate efficacy, safety and quality of life in ocular hypertensive or open-angle glaucoma patients changed to latanoprost from previous therapy. METHODS A prospective, multicenter, active-controlled design in which qualified patients had their previous therapy substituted for latanoprost and were followed for at least three months. RESULTS In 1068 patients, latanoprost was continued 92% throughout the 36-month observation period. Latanoprost treatment reduced the intraocular pressure (1OP)(p < 0.001) when compared to previous monotherapies including: beta-blockers (-4.0 +/- 3.7 mmHg, 42%), alpha-antagonists (-3.9 +/- 3.0 mmHg, 14%), miotics (-3.8 +/- 3.5 mmHg, 2%), or carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAI) (-3.8 +/- 3.6 mmHg, n = 16%), and adjunctive therapy including: beta-blocker and CAI (-3.7 +/- 3.1 mmHg, n = 12%), alpha-agonist (-3.7 +/- 3.4 mmHg, n = 5%), or pilocarpine (-3.4 +/- 3.7 mmHg, n = 6%), or CAI and alpha-agonist (-4.6 +/- 6.4 mm Hg, n = 2%)(p < 0.0017). The most common adverse event with latanoprost was ocular allergy (1.5% incidence). Patients showed a preference for latanoprost for many systemic and ocular quality of life measures on a non-validated questionnaire (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS In a clinical setting, patients who have their mono- and adjunctive therapy treatment substituted for latanoprost may on average experience reduced IOP, decreased side effects and increased quality of life measures.
Concerted gene recruitment in early plant evolution

Background Horizontal gene transfer occurs frequently in prokaryotes and unicellular eukaryotes. Anciently acquired genes, if retained among descendants, might significantly affect the long-term evolution of the recipient lineage. However, no systematic studies on the scope of anciently acquired genes and their impact on macroevolution are currently available in eukaryotes.
Confined jet mixing in the entrance of a tubular reactor

The equations for the conservation of momentum and mass were solved numerically for the region downstream from the exit of an axial jet into a confined annular stream of the same fluid. An implicit, alternating direction method was used. Numerical results were obtained for radius ratios of 0.281, 0.470, and 0.563 over a range of jet-to-annular velocities from 0.85 to 2.77. The values for the limiting case of the entrance region in pipe flow are in good agreement with the values of Christiansen and Lemmon and Ventras, Duda, and Bargeron. Solution of the equations for the conservation of chemical components produced results for component transfer in agreement with the experimental compositions obtained by Wood for jet mixing. Representative calculations were carried out for a chemical reaction. The results indicate the efficiency of the mixing process for this type of reactor. Experiments were carried out with water and dye to define the conditions under which the assumption of steady, laminar jet mixing is valid. The experiments also indicated the conditions and location of turbulent breakup of the jet.
Clinical implications of statin therapy in patients undergoing hemodialysis

Purpose The clinical implications regarding the use of statins in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis are explored. Summary The majority of the evidence reviewed from randomized controlled trials and recent meta-analyses suggest that there is minimal to no benefit of statin therapy for reducing the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD), including cardiovascular events and mortality, for statin-naive patients undergoing hemodialysis. The Kidney Disease Outcomes Quality Initiative (KDOQI) 2003 dyslipidemia guidelines recommended that patients with ESRD receive a statin to reach a goal low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol concentration of <100 mg/dL; however, there was no distinction between nondialysis and dialysis patients, and newer evidence has since been published. Although KDOQI released 2012 guidelines that recommended against the initiation of statins in dialysis patients due to the lack of evidence to support benefit, the guidelines were specific for diabetic dialysis patients. Clinicians should use their clinical judgment and weigh the risks and benefits from the available evidence when deciding whether to initiate statins in hemodialysis patients. A statin may be warranted for secondary prevention of cardiovascular events or in younger hemodialysis patients who have a longer life expectancy. Conclusion The available literature does not support the initiation of statins in hemodialysis patients who were not receiving statin therapy before requiring hemodialysis. At this time, there are no conclusive data to support discontinuation of statins in ESRD patients on hemodialysis receiving statins for either primary or secondary prevention of CHD.
Reduced-Order Wave-Propagation Modeling Using the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm

This paper presents a computationally efficient version of the Eigensystem Realization Algorithm (ERA) to model the dynamics of large-domain acoustic propagation from High Performance Computing (HPC) data. This adaptation of the ERA permits hundreds of thousands of output signals to be handled at a time. Once the ERA-derived reduced-order models are obtained, they can be used for future simulation of the propagation accurately without having to go back to the HPC model. Computations that take hours on a massively parallel high performance computer can now be carried out in minutes on a laptop computer.
Regulation of HIV-1 gene expression.

Article de synthese sur les progres recents dans la connaissance de la regulation des genes et la replication du virus HIV1; on insiste particulierement sur les facteurs viraux et cellulaires qui contribuent au controle de ce processus
Seizures in patients with primary brain tumors: what is their psychosocial impact?

Seizures occur in most patients with primary malignant tumors and are associated with poor quality of life. To our knowledge, no previous studies have sought descriptions of quality of life in patients’ own words. Patients with a history of a malignant primary brain tumor and seizures participated in semi-structured interviews, which were analyzed with qualitative methodology. Twenty-seven patients participated, most with high grade brain tumors. Most were receiving anti-seizure medication. Three distinct themes emerged: (1) the first seizure as a sentinel event, as manifested in part by how patients described their first seizure in remarkable detail (“I clearly remember the date…”); (2) seizures as inextricably tied to the brain tumor itself; for example, one patient explained how he “always wondered what was happening with my brain tumor” with each seizure; and (3) adaptation and acceptance—or lack therefore—to seizures. With respect to this third theme, patients conveyed frustration from an inability to work, to drive, and to take care of their children (“It’s like you are 15 all over again.”) Others described frustration with taking antiseizure medications (“I felt like an 80 year old, now taking her pills every day”). However, some patients had adapted or resigned themselves (“…so much of life is out of control—you just gotta take what you get.”). These findings have future research implications but should also serve to make healthcare providers more aware of the heavy emotional burden that seizures thrust upon brain tumor patients.
Approaches to Valid Quality Assistance

All the changes and introductions of measurement tools reviewed here have transformed medical practice, and the revolution is far from complete. Much more study, research, reflection and testing are necessary to bring quality management and accountability in health care to functional maturity. More developments have been tried and found wanting than have found satisfactory use. In some areas the level of knowledge is no more than embryonic, and in others it is still in its infancy. However, enough initiatives have reached levels of respect and implementation to demonstrate that the assessment and improvement of quality in health care will remain important, perhaps essential elements of practice and administration. The most significant achievement of recent years is the now willingness by all sectors of the health care industry as well as the health care professions to include not only cost but also quality assessments as part of what has become the business of health care.
Attack, Emergence, and Stand Depletion Trends of the Mountain Pine Beetle in a Lodgepole Pine Stand During an Outbreak

Yearly trends of lodgepole pine ( Pinus contorta var. latifolia Engelm.) mortality in relationship to attacking and emerged mountain pine beetle ( Dendroctonus ponderosae Hopkins) populations were measured during the life span of an epidemic within a square-mile area. Epidemic levels of infestation were recorded for 7 yr, with peak tree killing occurring the 4th yr. More small trees were killed than large ones, but in proportion to their occurrence the large trees were killed 1st and at a higher rate. Both density and total numbers of attacking and emerged beetle populations exhibited marked changes during the course of the epidemic. The patterns of total attacking and emerging beetle populations were similar to the trend of annual tree mortality, but population densities expressed on a square-foot basis showed different trends. Generally, the density of attacking beetles increased during the epidemic, and while emergence remained relatively stable during the build-up years, it declined rapidly during and following the peak year of tree killing. Up to and including the year of maximum tree killing, trees of all sizes produced more beetles than they absorbed, but approached or fell below a hypothetical 1:1 emergence-attack ratio during the waning years of the outbreak. A greater percentage of emerged beetles became established in host trees during the build-up and peak year of the infestation than during the declining years.
Review essay: Imagining the techno-capitalist future(s) of higher education

Abstract Higher Education is frequently said to be in a time of disruption, and narratives of how that disruption will play out have become a cottage industry. This essay critically reviews four such narratives – two journalistic works, one corporatist, techno-capitalist vision of the unbundling of Higher Education in America, and one critical, scholarly defense of the university as a center of critical thinking. The essay reflects on what the latter text can tell us about how this coming disruption can be collectively managed by education professionals.
Fat in the Midgut Walls of the Overwintering Two-Spotted Spider Mite, Tetranychus urticae

The storage of an orange lipid material in the walls of the midgut of the overwintering female two-spotted spider mite, Tetranychus urticae Koch (McEnroe 1961), has been questioned by Helle (1968). Fig. 1, top, shows the mass of lipid droplets in the walls and caecal folds of the midgut of the overwintering female. The complete absence of food balls is characteristic of the overwintering phase. Changes in histochemical staining of the midgut also occur between the summer and overwintering form. Phenylthiocetate activity is lost, and 1-napthol acetate activity increases in the overwintering form. Long chain esters continue to show staining activity in the midgut of both the summer and winter form (McEnroe 1963a). Because of the shunt in the digestive system (McEnroe 1963b), fat digestion must occur in the midgut. The role of fats as a store of metabolic reserve is usually essential during hibernation (Prosser 1950).
Research Advances on Drying Technology of Lignite

Lignite has a huge reserve in China and its price is lower than other kind of coal,but its high moisture has been hindering the efficient utilization.The development and application of lignite drying technology can improve the market competitiveness of young coals,and it also can improve the overall economic and environmental benefits of power plants in which burning the lignite.This article introduces several lignite drying technology at home and abroad,and analysis their characteristics.Finally,the direction of development of lignite drying technology were discussed.
Lasing action in gold nanorod hyperbolic metamaterials

We study lasing in two gold nanorod arrays, one exhibiting hyperbolic dispersion while the other is elliptic at the emission wavelength of Rhodamine 101. Results show the hyperbolic metamaterial provides stronger emission with reduced threshold.
Abstract C32: The function of GPR56 in metastasis formation of melanoma

Disseminated cancer cells often persist in tissues for a long period before being manifested as clinically detectable metastases. This metastasis dormancy imposes a main threat for cancer patients, especially after their first line of cancer treatment. Little is known as to how this dormancy is maintained and what triggers its awakening, but tumor microenvironment is thought to play a decisive role. We discovered that a member of newly described family of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), GPR56, inhibits metastasis formation of melanoma cell lines and sequesters them at a dormant state in lung. GPR56 binds to TG2, a component in extracellular matrix (ECM) that could also function as a cross linking enzyme. It is significantly up-regulated in human melanoma metastases relative to the primary tumors and its expression promotes metastasis formation of melanoma cells in the experimental metastasis model. The down-regulation of TG2 by GPR56 may abolish the pro-metastasis function of TG2 in melanoma cells via destabilizing ECM and contribute to their sequestration at the dormant state. Furthermore, RNAseq analyses suggest that GPR56 may regulate the expression of factors involved in cellular homeostasis. It is thus possible that GPR56 maintains metastasis dormancy in melanoma by down-regulating TG2 in ECM and perturbing cellular homeostasis. Citation Format: Nancy Corson, Liquan Yang, Lei Xu. The function of GPR56 in metastasis formation of melanoma. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference: Function of Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression; 2016 Jan 7–10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(15 Suppl):Abstract nr C32.
Tissue interface pressure and skin integrity in critically ill, mechanically ventilated patients.

Summary Objective To describe tissue interface pressure, time spent above critical pressure levels and the effect on skin integrity at seven anatomical locations. Design, setting, patients Descriptive, longitudinal study in critically ill mechanically ventilated adults, from Surgical Trauma ICU-STICU; Medical Respiratory ICU-MRICU; Neuroscience ICU-NSICU in a Mid-Atlantic urban university medical centre. Subjects were enroled in the study within 24 hours of intubation. Measurements Tissue interface pressure was measured continuously using the XSENSOR pressure mapping system (XSENSOR Technology Corporation, Calgary, Canada). Skin integrity was observed at all sites, twice daily, using the National Pressure Ulcer Advisory Panel staging system, for the first seven ICU days and at day 10 and 14. Results Of the 132 subjects, 90.9% had no observed changes in skin integrity. Maximum interface pressure was above 32 mmHg virtually 100% of the time for the sacrum, left and right trochanter. At the 45 mmHg level, the left and right trochanter had the greatest amount of time above this level (greater than 95% of the time), followed by the sacrum, left and right scapula, and the left and right heels. Similarly, at levels above 60 mmHg, the same site order applied. For those six subjects with sacral skin integrity changes, maximum pressures were greater than 32 mmHg 100% of the time. Four of the six sacral changes were associated with greater amounts of time above both 45 mmHg and 60 mmHg than the entire sample. Conclusions Maximum tissue interface pressure was above critical levels for the majority of the documented periods, especially in the sacrum, although few changes in skin integrity were documented. Time spent above critical levels for mean pressures were considerably less compared to maximum pressures. Maximum pressures may have reflected pressure spikes, but the large amount of time above the critical pressure levels remains substantial.
Vitamin E in skin cancer and aging skin

There are many different forms of vitamin E. Little is known about β-tocopherol and its role in the cell cycle [1]. γ-Tocopherol is the most common form of vitamin E in American diets [1]. α-Tocopherol is the most commonly used form of vitamin E in drug trials. Vitamin E is an antioxidant that may be useful in dermatology [2]. Due to many experiments that showed skin benefits from its use, vitamin E has become a popular ingredient in skin products [2]. Vitamin E has proven to show some positive effects in improving skin health in many of the recent trials. However, optimum dosages are not well defined since very few trials have been published studying dose–response [2] and more trials focus on supplementation towards preventing cancer. Much research is being done to see how vitamin E supplements have effects on skin health and cancer prevention. Many factors affect skin aging and risk for cancer. Sun exposure, smoking, and genetic factors may increase problems associated with skin health [2]. Vitamin E may improve some of the issues associated with skin health, such as appearance, and even reduce the risk for some types of cancer [2]. Vitamin E has many functions that could affect the process of aging, as well as reduce risks for cancer, and improve skin health overall. α-Tocopherol is the focus of this review and is referred to as vitamin E.
Action Potential Dynamics in Fine Axons Probed with an Axonally Targeted Optical Voltage Sensor

The complex and malleable conduction properties of axons determine how action potentials propagate through extensive axonal arbors to reach synaptic terminals. The excitability of axonal membranes plays a major role in neural circuit function, but because most axons are too thin for conventional electrical recording, their properties remain largely unexplored. To overcome this obstacle, we used a genetically encoded hybrid voltage sensor (hVOS) harboring an axonal targeting motif. Expressing this probe in transgenic mice enabled us to monitor voltage changes optically in two populations of axons in hippocampal slices, the large axons of dentate granule cells (mossy fibers) in the stratum lucidum of the CA3 region and the much finer axons of hilar mossy cells in the inner molecular layer of the dentate gyrus. Action potentials propagated with distinct velocities in each type of axon. Repetitive firing broadened action potentials in both populations, but at an intermediate frequency the degree of broadening differed. Repetitive firing also attenuated action potential amplitudes in both mossy cell and granule cell axons. These results indicate that the features of use-dependent action potential broadening, and possible failure, observed previously in large nerve terminals also appear in much finer unmyelinated axons. Subtle differences in the frequency dependences could influence the propagation of activity through different pathways to excite different populations of neurons. The axonally targeted hVOS probe used here opens up the diverse repertoire of neuronal processes to detailed biophysical study.
Theories of Urban Growth, Sustainability, and Transparent Development

Starting with the core argument that dense, diverse, and well-planned American urban environments offer myriad sustainability benefits lacking in low-density suburban environments, this chapter presents a novel theoretical approach to sustainability that transcends purely technological or idealistic solutions for sustainable urban development and engages directly with urban policy and political economy perspectives. Defining sustainability specifically in terms of the “growth paradigm” that undergirds the evolution of social-ecological systems, the chapter identifies sustainability as an ongoing shift from quantitative growth to qualitative development. It reviews sustainability arguments related to the dematerialization and regionalization of economic processes, identifies sustainability’s continued debt to notions of “localism” and “sense of place,” and elaborates an ideal of “transparency” in the relationships between producers and consumers. While dense, transparent urban development is lauded as more sustainable in theory, critical perspectives on the political economy of property development illustrate the cultural, political, and structural barriers to creating such environments in practice. Entrenched policies and practices that define property value in terms of monetary transactions, rather than locally negotiated uses, enable land speculation, non-local property ownership, and private monetization of government regulatory power. The theory and real-world functioning of speculative practices in local property markets are reviewed in particular to emphasize the ways in which speculation harms the transparency of urban development processes. Sustainability and critical theory approaches to development, while fundamentally divergent, commonly emphasize the importance of tangible producer-consumer and person-place relationships, offering a compromise vision for future urban sustainability initiatives.
An imbalance in the deep water cycle at subduction zones: The potential importance of the fore-arc mantle

Abstract The depth of slab dehydration is thought to be controlled by the thermal state of the downgoing slab: cold slabs are thought to mostly dehydrate beneath the arc front while warmer slabs should mostly dehydrate beneath the fore-arc. Cold subduction zone lavas are thus predicted to have interacted with greater extent of water-rich fluids released from the downgoing slab, and should thus display higher water content and be elevated in slab-fluid proxies (i.e., high Ba/Th, H2O/Ce, Rb/Th, etc.) compared to hot subduction zone lavas. Arc lavas, however, display similar slab-fluid signatures regardless of the thermal state of the slab, suggesting more complexity to volatile cycling in subduction zones. Here, we explore whether the serpentinized fore-arc mantle may be an important fluid reservoir in subduction zones and whether it can contribute to arc magma generation by being dragged down with the slab. Using simple mass balance and fluid dynamics calculations, we show that the dragged-down fore-arc mantle could provide enough water (∼7–78% of the total water injected at the trenches) to account for the water outfluxes released beneath the volcanic arc. Hence, we propose that the water captured by arc magmas may not all derive directly from the slab, but a significant component may be indirectly slab-derived via dehydration of dragged-down fore-arc serpentinites. Fore-arc serpentinite dehydration, if universal, could be a process that explains the similar geochemical fingerprint (i.e., in slab fluid proxies) of arc magmas.
Wellness interventions for anesthesiologists.

Purpose of review The review examines the different preventive measures that have been found to be useful to abolish or decrease the negative effects of burnout and increase resilience in anesthesiologists. Recent findings Studies in anesthesiology cite autonomy, control of the work environment, professional relationships, leadership, and organizational justice as the most important factors in job satisfaction. Factors such as difficulty in balancing personal and professional life, poor attention to wellness, work alcoholism, and genetic factors increase an individual's susceptibility to burnout. Exposure to chronic or repeated stress instigates a spectrum of autonomic, endocrine, immunologic, and behavioral responses that activate the sympathetic-adrenal-medullary and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Investigating the difference in psychobiologic reactivity, as well as defining the psychological symptoms that are characteristic to individuals vulnerable to stress-induced illness, would enable scientists to better look into the modalities to eradicate the negative effects. Recent studies have shown that a combination of individual and structural changes in institutions can increase resilience in physicians. Summary Burnout is a pathological syndrome that is triggered by constant levels of high stress. A combination of individual efforts as well as structural interventions can help to increase wellbeing in physicians.
Cities of stars: urban renewal, public housing regeneration, and the community empowerment possibility of governance constellations

This paper examines the implementation of the largest public housing regeneration programme in the United States, HOPE VI (Housing Opportunities for People Everywhere), which provided $6 billion in...
The Relationship of Fasting Free Fatty Acids, Adipose Tissue, Insulin Resistance, and Fasting Glucose Concentrations with Subsequent ß-Cell Function in Nondiabetic Subjects

Elevations in both plasma free fatty acids (FFA) and glucose concentrations during fasting are associated with impaired β-cell function and predict progression from prediabetes to diabetes. Their interaction and subsequent effect on β-cell function as quantified by Disposition Index (DI) is unknown. We therefore measured total, saturated, mono-unsaturated and poly-unsaturated FFA concentrations using LC/MS in 120 nondiabetic subjects (across a range of fasting glucose Disclosure M.D. Hurtado: None. J. Adams: None. M.C. Laurenti: Other Relationship; Self; GlySens Incorporated. C. Dalla Man: None. C. Cobelli: Research Support; Self; Sanofi-Aventis. Advisory Panel; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc.. R.A. Rizza: None. M.D. Jensen: Other Relationship; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. Consultant; Self; Novo Nordisk A/S. A. Vella: Research Support; Self; Novo Nordisk Inc., XOMA Corporation. Advisory Panel; Self; VTV Therapeutics, Bayer AG.
Treatment and support in confusional states.

In patients with cancer, delirium occurs both as a transient central nervous system complication of disease and as a side effect of treatment. Dementia, while much less common, is a far more devastating complication because of its irreversible course. Both are mistaken for depression or an emotional response to stress. Prompt and early recognition of the symptoms and a thorough workup to establish the cause and treatment can prevent progression of delirium to coma and death, and the progression of dementia may be slowed. Recognizing diagnostic symptoms and signs and managing the psychologic and behavioral consequences are crucial to good patient care.
A Cosmological Imperative: Emergence of Information, Complexity, and Life

We are entering an age of synthesis such as occurs only once every few generations. The scenario of cosmic evolution now grants us an opportunity to systematically and synergistically inquire into the nature of our existence, to mount an integrated effort to build a modern world view that people of all cultures can adopt-a big-bang-to-humankind story that traces generative and developmental change ranging from quark to quasar, from microbe to mind.
On Modeling Performance of Open-Loop Mechanisms

A technique is presented for modeling the performance of open-loop mechanisms or systems, where performance is measured by success or failure as a function of the selected target for movement along a constrained trajectory and without corrective feedback. A modification of signal detection theory is used, which normalizes dissimilar data and indicates two independent parameters of performance: (1) “discriminability” and (2) “optimality” of the distribution of selected moves. An illustrative application is made to experimental data.
CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES IN BITUMINOUS BUILT-UP ROOFING

ABSTRACT Bituminous built-up roofing membranes are widely used on low-slope roofs in North America. While the cost of low-slope roofs constitute approximately 2–5 percent of the total building cost, roofing failures account for an inordinately high percentage of litigation. This paper reviews some of the materials and construction practices that are currently used in built-up bituminous roofing. A brief summary is provided on the following topics: membrane materials, adhesion, joints, construction equipment and post-construction evaluation.
Response to Part III: Challenges and Promises of Unchartered Water—Lesson Study and Institutes of Higher Education

When an educational practice is implemented in a location away from its origin, there are usually modifications required. The previous chapters in this part are examples of how Japanese lesson study was modified at three sites in the United States. In particular, they illustrate the use of lesson study as a research tool and lesson study in Higher Education.
Legal and Policy Issues in Adolescent Contraceptive Care

This chapter addresses legal and policy issues that may arise in the context of providing contraceptive care and counseling to adolescents, specifically adolescents who are minors. In particular, the chapter will focus on how issues such as consent and confidentiality can influence the provision of contraceptive care to minors. The broad legal framework for understanding consent and confidentiality in adolescent health care is shaped by federal and state constitutions and statutes, regulations issued by administrative agencies, and cases decided by courts. Given the complex interplay of laws and the resulting state variations in policy, this chapter explores the broader issues regarding provision of contraceptive counseling and services to adolescent.
Workplace Harassment, Violence, Inequity, and Inequality

The first part presents forms and types of workplace harassment and infringements of business and professional ethics. Cases include Jenson v. Eveleth Taconite Company (1988), and some controversial psychological experiments involving human subjects (the Murray Experiments on mind control during 1959–1962, the Milgram Experiment on obedience during 1961–1963, the Stanford Prison Experiment on the psychology of imprisonment in 1971). We present feature film adaptations of some of those studies, such as North Country (2005), Stanford Prison Experiment (2015), and Experimenter (2015). Additional films include The Hunt (2012) addressing mob mentality, and Whiplash (2014) questioning the unorthodox measures of the teacher. The second part presents cases of workplace violence and film discussions on A Most Violent Year (2014), Money Monster (2016), Network (1976), and Rollerball (1975). The third part discusses workplace inequity and inequality, mentioning the case of the Ford sewing machinists strike in 1968, the basis for Made in Dagenham (2010), and the 2008 case of Peggy Young versus UPS in violating the Pregnancy Discrimination Act. Additional films include Working Girl (1988) and The Devil Wears Prada (2006).
Classroom storytelling: using instructor narratives to increase student recall, affect, and attention

ABSTRACTThis quasi-experiment examined how incorporating an instructor narrative into teaching augmented students’ recall, affect, and sustained attention. One hundred and ninety-four undergraduate students were assigned to one of two teaching conditions in a college classroom: a lecture that included an instructor narrative summarizing the lesson’s key points (treatment) or the same lecture that utilized comparable examples instead, reviewing the lesson’s key points (control). Results indicated that students in the narrative lecture condition liked the instructor more and indicated they were likely to take a future course with the instructor. In addition, students in the narrative condition reported more sustained attention toward the lecture and performed slightly better on a test of short-term recall compared with students in the examples condition. Finally, students also performed better on a retention test of extraneous information, suggesting that instructor narratives serve a double-edged function ...
Two-step long short-term memory method for identifying construction activities through positional and attentional cues

Abstract Recognizing construction activities and involved working groups is critical to enhancing construction safety and improving productivity. Most existing studies use videos that only contain one activity with involved entities and rely solely on the spatial-temporal relationship among entities. However, in practice, many workers and machines co-exist and collaborate to accomplish different activities, and not all of them are relevant to the same activity, even though they are spatially close. This paper presents a two-step classification approach – working group identification followed by activity recognition, leveraging both positional and attentional cues, to recognize complex interactions and their involved entities from videos that contain different activities with multiple entities. The spatial and attentional states of individual entities are represented numerically, and the corresponding positional and attentional cues between two entities are computed. Long short-term memory (LSTM) networks are designed to (1) classify whether two entities belong to the same group, and (2) recognize the activities they are involved in. The newly created method is validated using two sets of construction videos. Identifying working groups before recognizing ongoing activities enables the exclusion of group-irrelevant entities and thus, improves the performance. Moreover, by leveraging both positional and attentional cues, the accuracy increases from 85% to 95% compared with cases using positional cues alone.
Removing Personally Identifiable Information from Shared Dataset for Keystroke Authentication Research

Research on keystroke dynamics has the good potential to offer continuous authentication that complements conventional authentication methods in combating insider threats and identity theft before more harm can be done to the genuine users. Unfortunately, the large amount of data required by free-text keystroke authentication often contain personally identifiable information, or PII, and personally sensitive information, such as a user’s first name and last name, username and password for an account, bank card numbers, and social security numbers. As a result, there are privacy risks associated with keystroke data that must be mitigated before they are shared with other researchers. We conduct a systematic study to remove PII’s from a recent large keystroke dataset. We find substantial amounts of PII’s from the dataset, including names, usernames and passwords, social security numbers, and bank card numbers, which, if leaked, may lead to various harms to the user, including personal embarrassment, blackmails, financial loss, and identity theft. We thoroughly evaluate the effectiveness of our detection program for each kind of PII. We demonstrate that our PII detection program can achieve near perfect recall at the expense of losing some useful information (lower precision). Finally, we demonstrate that the removal of PII’s from the original dataset has only negligible impact on the detection error tradeoff of the free-text authentication algorithm by Gunetti and Picardi. We hope that this experience report will be useful in informing the design of privacy removal in future keystroke dynamics based user authentication systems.
Draft Genome Sequence of the Caffeine-Degrading Methylotroph Methylorubrum populi Pinkel.

A pink-pigmented facultative methylotroph, Methylorubrum populi Pinkel, was isolated from compost by selective enrichment with caffeine (3,5,7-trimethylxanthine) as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source. We report here its high-quality draft genome sequence, assembled in 35 contigs totaling 5,630,907 bp. We identified 5,681 protein-coding sequences, including those putatively involved in caffeine degradation.
Hair, Hormones, and Haunting: Race as a Ghost Variable in Polycystic Ovary Syndrome:

In this paper, we examine how polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is racialized in biomedical research. Drawing from Star’s seminal concept of triangulation, we analyze how the diagnostic criteria for...
Convergence of Iterative Hard Thresholding Variants with Application to Asynchronous Parallel Methods for Sparse Recovery

Recently several asynchronous parallel algorithms for sparse recovery have been proposed. These methods share an estimation of the support of the signal between nodes, which then use this information in addition to their local estimation of the support to update via an iterative hard thresholding (IHT) method. We analyze a generalized version of the IHT method run on each of the nodes and show that this method performs at least as well as the standard IHT method. We perform numerical simulations that illustrate the potential advantage these methods enjoy over the standard IHT.