cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of TENS in living kidney donors submitted to open nephrectomy: a randomized placebo-controlled trial.

Background: Pain is a negative factor in the recovery process of postoperative patients. It causes pulmonary alterations and complications, and it also affects functional capacity. Several studies have investigated the effects of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation (TENS) during the postoperative period. However, no studies have assessed the effects of TENS on kidney donors. Thus, the aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of TENS on pain, walking function, respiratory muscle strength and vital capacity in kidney donors. Methods: Seventy-four patients were randomly allocated into two groups: active TENS or placebo TENS. All patients were assessed for pain intensity, respiratory muscle strength, vital capacity and walking function before and after the TENS application on the first day of the postoperative period. Results: The use of active TENS significantly reduced pain at rest (p = 0.006), during the measurement of maximal inspiratory pressure (p = 0.006), during maximal expiratory pressure (p = 0.004) and during vital capacity (p = 0.013). Active TENS also produced a significant increase in maximal expiratory pressure when compared with the placebo TENS group (p = 0.001). Maximal inspiratory pressure, vital capacity and walking function were not significantly different between the two treatment groups. Conclusions: These results suggest that TENS decreases pain intensity at rest and during respiratory manoeuvres and increases maximal expiratory pressure during the postoperative period in kidney donors after open nephrectomy.
Mitotic recombination is suppressed by chromosomal divergence in hybrids of distantly related mouse strains

Mitotic recombination occurs with high frequency in humans1,2 and mice3. It leads to loss of heterozygosity (LOH) at important gene loci and can cause disease4,5,6,7. However, the genetic modulators of mitotic recombination are not well understood. As recombination depends on a high level of nucleotide sequence homology8,9,10,11,12, we postulate that the frequency of somatic variants derived from mitotic recombination should be diminished in progeny from crosses between strains of mice in which nucleotide sequences have diverged. Here we report that mitotic recombination is suppressed, to various degrees in different tissues, in hybrids of distantly related mouse strains. Reintroduction of greater chromosomal homology by backcrossing restores mitotic recombination in offspring. Thus, chromosomal divergence inhibits mitotic recombination and, consequently, may act as a modifier of cancer susceptibility by limiting the rate of LOH. The suppression of mitotic recombination in some F1 hybrids in which meiotic recombination persists indicates that these processes are differentially affected by chromosomal divergence.
Service Innovation in a Voluntary Organization: Creating Work Opportunities for Severely Developmentally Disabled Adults

Current literature on the developmentally disabled indicates they represent a large untapped labor pool that is significantly inhibited in its inclusion in the community. To address this unnecessary isolation, a voluntary agency in Georgia, wanted to innovate its service offering by providing meaningful work opportunities for those that are severely developmentally disabled. The Competing Values Framework (CVF) offers a theoretical framework that has been adapted to explain many business factors in addition to organizational effectiveness. Based on a fourteen-month action research engagement, the authors adapted CVF to concentrate on organizational focus, strategy formation and motivational traits to understand service innovation in a voluntary organization. The authors aided the voluntary organization’s development of a program to provide meaningful work opportunities for those that are severely developmentally disabled, added new knowledge on managing service innovation in voluntary organizations and adapted CVF for understanding and guiding service innovation in that particular context.
Efficient and innovative use of three-dimensional geometry services in IC topography and process flow simulations

This paper describes the development of and experimentation with Berkeley Topography Utilities (BTU), a 41000-line object-oriented (C++) system integrating geometry services from Berkeley's topography simulators and the IBM Geometry Engine. The BTU interface hierarchically organizes topography data into primitive, auxiliary, and aggregate views for flexible combinations of geometry and numerical methods, acts as a testbed for performance testing of geometry servers, and provides application development utilities for rapid development of new simulation applications. Using aggregate utilities for deformation and visibility, new etching and deposition simulators can be written in about 350 lines of code. Auxiliary views such as monotone surfaces are shown to be Important for efficiently accessing CPU-intensive services such as merge, deloop, and visibility. For three-dimensional surfaces with about 1000 triangles, monotone decomposition can be used to reduce CPU-intensive service calls by one to two orders of magnitude. Through the BTU interface, a new capability is created to tag process history on wafer features by combining process flow simulation with solid model attribute propagation. The usefulness of this capability is demonstrated on trace-back of topography propagation effects.
University Technology Transfer: Do Incentives, Management, and Location Matter?

University technology transfer activities are increasingly important as a source of regional economic development and revenue for the university. We use regression analysis, a two-stage model and the most recent data to examine the determinants of technology transfer. Our analysis strongly support four factors, not previously examined in the literature, enhancing university technology transfer: greater rewards for faculty involvement in technology transfer, location of the university in a region with a concentration of high technology firms, a clear university mission in support of technology transfer and the experience of the university's technology transfer office.
Kupferschiefer and Other Sediment-Hosted Deposits in Central Europe: Field Trip Review

The "Kupferschiefer and Other Sediment-Hosted Deposits in Central Europe" field trip (22 May-1 June 1986), which focussed upon the stratiform copper shale (Kupferschiefer) deposits of West Germany and Poland, was a major success. Trip leaders effectively communicated the stratigraphy associated with these deposits, the sulphide zonation, and the controls of mineralization (particularly location with respect to hematitic alteration zones — "Rote Faule" — and to paleotopography). Replacement textures by oxides and copper sulphides and cross-cutting relationships of ore zones with respect to lithologies indicate diagenetic to epigenetic emplacement of ore. While many crucial questions have been answered, several remain.
Impact of unilateral neglect on assistive device use

The number of people in the United States who suffer from stroke has been increasing; in 1994 more than 500,000 people suffered a stroke. Stroke can result in many impairments and have a significant impact on a person’s functional performance. Perceptual dysfunction is one potential complication of stroke, and unilateral neglect is one aspect of perceptual dysfunction. More than 30 percent of people who have had a stroke experience unilateral neglect. Unilateral neglect can impact on performance in daily tasks, tasks for which many persons who have had a stroke use assistive devices to offset the impact of motor impairment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of unilateral neglect to problems with assistive device use by persons with stroke and to investigate how persons with unilateral neglect use assistive devices. Subjects were selected from the sample pool of the Consumer Assessment Study (CAS) of the University at Buffalo Rehabilitation Engineering Research Center on Aging. CAS participants who had a stroke and whose Mini Mental Status Exam (MMSE) score was above 23 were included in the study. Sixteen study participants were assessed for unilateral neglect with the Behavioral Inattention Test (BIT). Participants whose scores on the BIT were less than 129 out of 146 were categorized as having unilateral neglect. Of 12 participants, 3 were identified as having unilateral neglect, 9 were identified as not having unilateral neglect. Numbers of assistive devices owned and used and the rate of device use to device ownership were compared between study participants with and without unilateral neglect. The study also examined how participants with and without unilateral neglect use mobility devices. Problems with a mobility device potentially
Behavioral assessment of sensitivity to intracortical microstimulation of primate somatosensory cortex

Intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) is a powerful tool to investigate the functional role of neural circuits and may provide a means to restore sensation for patients for whom peripheral stimulation is not an option. In a series of psychophysical experiments with nonhuman primates, we investigate how stimulation parameters affect behavioral sensitivity to ICMS. Specifically, we deliver ICMS to primary somatosensory cortex through chronically implanted electrode arrays across a wide range of stimulation regimes. First, we investigate how the detectability of ICMS depends on stimulation parameters, including pulse width, frequency, amplitude, and pulse train duration. Then, we characterize the degree to which ICMS pulse trains that differ in amplitude lead to discriminable percepts across the range of perceptible and safe amplitudes. We also investigate how discriminability of pulse amplitude is modulated by other stimulation parameters—namely, frequency and duration. Perceptual judgments obtained across these various conditions will inform the design of stimulation regimes for neuroscience and neuroengineering applications.
Comparable efficacy with varying dosages of glucarpidase in pediatric oncology patients.

Background Glucarpidase rapidly reduces methotrexate plasma concentrations in patients experiencing methotrexate-induced renal dysfunction. Debate exists regarding the role of glucarpidase in therapy given its high cost. The use of reduced-dose glucarpidase has been reported, and may allow more institutions to supply this drug to their patients. This report explores the relationship between glucarpidase dosage and patient outcomes in pediatric oncology patients. Methods The authors evaluated data from 26 patients who received glucarpidase after high-dose methotrexate. Decrease in plasma methotrexate concentrations and time to renal recovery were evaluated for an association with glucarpidase dosage, which ranged from 13 to 90 units/kg. Results No significant relationship was found between glucarpidase dosage (units/kg) and percent decrease in methotrexate plasma concentrations measured by TDx (P > 0.1) or HPLC (P > 0.5). Patients who received glucarpidase dosages 0.8). Conclusions The efficacy of glucarpidase in the treatment of HDMTX-induced kidney injury was not dosage-dependent in this retrospective analysis of pediatric oncology patients. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2015;62:1518–1522. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Thermal expansion of methanol + cyclohexane near the critical solution point

Abstract We report precise measurement of volume changes as function of temperature in the one phase region of methanol + cyclohexane near the critical solution point. We find a value for the critical exponent α of 0.11 ± 0.07 in the region 11 Mk 1 8 . For temperatures closer to Tc we observe a stronger divergence. In addition we observe unusual behavior over a small region of temperature centered at T – Tc = 15 mK.
Explicit Forecasts of Winter Precipitation Using an Improved Bulk Microphysics Scheme. Part I: Description and Sensitivity Analysis

Abstract This study evaluates the sensitivity of winter precipitation to numerous aspects of a bulk, mixed-phase microphysical parameterization found in three widely used mesoscale models [the fifth-generation Pennsylvania State University–National Center for Atmospheric Research Mesoscale Model (MM5), the Rapid Update Cycle (RUC), and the Weather Research and Forecast (WRF) model]. Sensitivities of the microphysics to primary ice initiation, autoconversion, cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) spectra, treatment of graupel, and parameters controlling the snow and rain size distributions are tested. The sensitivity tests are performed by simulating various cloud depths (with different cloud-top temperatures) using flow over an idealized two-dimensional mountain. The height and width of the two-dimensional barrier are designed to reproduce an updraft pattern with extent and magnitude consistent with documented freezing-drizzle cases. By increasing the moisture profile to saturation at low temperatures, a deep, ...
A theory of minimum wage compliance (or voluntary recognition of unions)

An urn-ball matching model of the labor market is used to develop a theory of minimum wage compliance or voluntary recognition of unions. Workers can direct their search but, in the absence of wage commitment from the firms, they have no basis to do so. The default means of wage formation in one-on-one matches is Nash bargaining. When there are multiple applicants competition drives the workers down to their continuation value. By attracting more applicants, a binding wage floor provides a means for firms to increase matching rates and improve match quality. An otherwise poorly enforced minimum wage acts as a commitment device for the payment of more generous wages.
The synthesis and coordination chemistry of a new dithiocarbamate prepared from dipyridylaminedithiocarbamate

Abstract A new dithiocarbamate, dipyridylaminedithiocarbamate (DPADTC), was prepared and the coordination chemistry of this potentially ambidentate ligand was examined. The potassium salt of this new ligand reacts with a variety of MX2 salts in methanol to yield M(DPADTC)2 complexes. The copper, zinc and cadmium complexes have been isolated and characterized. The physical properties of this new ligand and compounds are discussed. The dithiocarbamate is a weakly coordinating S2 ligand in the absence of oxygen donor solvents but reverts to a nitrogen donor ligand alone in the presence of such solvents. Insight into the nature of ambidentate coordination in such complexes is offered.
Position sensing using an integrated VCSEL and PIN photodetector microsystem

Compact, non-contact, and low operating power sensors are desirable for position sensing applications. Vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers integrated monolithically with PIN photodetectors have been designed and fabricated for optical position sensing. This compound semiconductor component has in turn been integrated onto a Si-platform to form a microsystem. Using a metallic grating as a position gauge, the sensor microsystem can measure differences in reflected power from the grating as it travels parallel to the sensors. This measurement technique allows for a high spatial resolution. Calculations indicate that such a device can detect spatial changes on the order of the wavelength of light emitted from the laser. Measurements from the work described here show the potential to use VCSEL/PIN chips to determine position with an accuracy of sub-micron resolution.
Disrupted cerebellar cortical development and progressive degeneration of Purkinje cells in SV40 T antigen transgenic mice

Abstract SV40 T antigen (Tag) expression directed to cerebellar Purkinje cells resulted in the generation of three transgenic mouse lines that displayed ataxia, a neurological phenotype characteristic of cerebellar dysfunction. Onset of symptoms and cerebellar pathology, characterized by specific Purkinje cell degeneration, appeared to be directly dependent upon transgene copy number. The SV5 line (containing >30 transgene copies), exhibited embryonic transgene expression that caused selective death of immature Purkinje cells and a subsequent block in cerebellar development and ataxia at 2 weeks. The developmental effect of the disruption of Purkinje cells in SV5 mice suggests that a normal complement of these cells is required for early development of the cerebellar cortex, especially granule cell proliferation and migration from external to internal layers. Transgene expression in a second line, SW (10 copies), was detectable during the second postnatal week. Death of mature Purkinje cells in the SV4 line resulted in onset of ataxia at 9 weeks. Ataxia in a third line, SV6 (2 copies), was detected after 15 weeks. The distinct cerebellar phenotypes of the SV4-6 lines correlate with specific Tag-induced Purkinje cell ablation as opposed to tumorigenesis.
An agent based model of opinion dynamics using the anchoring and adjustment heuristic

In opinion dynamics models such as "bounded confidence" models, agents employ relatively sophisticated rules for updating their opinions. This paper presents an opinion dynamics model where agents use a cognitively simpler anchoring and adjustment heuristic. Results show that even with simpler rules, convergence and clustering of opinions emerge.
Depositional Environments of Ullin Limestone and Fort Payne Formation (Mississippian), Illinois Basin: ABSTRACT

The Fort Payne Formation (Valmeyeran, Mississippian) in the Illinois basin in part grades laterally into the Ullin Limestone and in part thins and pinches out under an increasing thickness of the Ullin. The Fort Payne is a deep-water basin facies consisting of dark colored, siliceous, sparsely fossiliferous, micritic limestone. This facies grades laterally into a deep-water shelf facies of the Ullin composed of light-colored, fine- to coarse-grained, crinoid- and bryozoan-rich bioclastic limestone. In Lawrence and Wabash Counties, Illinois, the shelf-basin transition occurs along the western edge of the La Salle anticline. Significant shelf-basin facies changes also occurred in this same geographic area during Silurian and Devonian deposition. The depositional unit containing the Fort Payne facies thins westward and pinches out at places in Hamilton and Wayne Counties, Illinois. There it is overlain by several hundred feet of light-colored bioclastic Ullin Limestone that is younger than the part of the Ullin that grades laterally into the Fort Payne facies. End_of_Article - Last_Page 1287------------
INFLUENZA VACCINATION OF HEALTHCARE WORKERS

OBJECTIVE: To assess factors associated with influenza vaccination of healthcare workers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional survey. SETITING: University-affiliated Veterans' Affairs medical center. PARTICIPANTS: Staff physicians and nurses employed by the medical center. MEIHODS: A mailed, self-administered questionnaire. RESULTS: The response rate was 38.0%. The mean age of the respondents was 43.6 years, 71.5% were females, and 26.2% were physicians. Nearly all of the practitioners had daily or weekly contact with elderly or high-risk patients. The influenza vaccination rate of the respondents was 61.2%. More than 50% of vaccine recipients indicated that avoiding illness, protecting patients, and being able to receive the vaccine conveniently and free of charge all were very important factors influencing their decisions to receive the vaccine. Avoiding illness was rated the most important factor by 58.8% of vaccine recipients. Among vaccine nonrecipients, concern about side effects was identified as a very important factor by 36.2% and as the most important factor by 30.9%. Vaccine recipients were significantly more likely than were vaccine nonrecipients to indicate that influenza and its complications are very serious for high-risk patients. They also were more likely to report that the vaccine is very effective, that influenza vaccination is uncommonly associated with side effects, that healthcare workers' risk for contracting influenza is higher than the general public's risk, and that it is very important for healthcare workers to receive the vaccine to decrease risk for transmission to high-risk patients. After stepwise
Multilayer films of TiC, Ti and Cu for the gravity probe B relativity mission gyroscopes

Abstract Single-component and multilayer films of TiC, Ti and Cu have been produced by sputtering on fused quartz substrates and have been investigated for suitability as electrodes for the electrostatically suspended gyroscopes of Gravity Probe B. The main requirements for these films are low electron field emission in fields of 3 x 10 7 V m −1 , low film stress, and good thermal and electrical conductivity in the temperature range 2 K–400 K. The films have been studied using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Auger electron spectroscopy, Rutherford backscattering spectrometry, and four-point resistivity techniques. SEM measurements indicate that the TiC films have very smooth surfaces and that multilayer films of TiC, Ti and Cu have reduced roughness as compared with the Ti-Cu multilayer films. Seven-layer 2.5 μm thick Ti-Cu films have been successfully used in the Gravity Probe B gyroscopes, meeting all requirements. Multilayer films of TiC Ti and Cu are at present being tested with the expectation that they will further improve gyroscope performance.
Phase Coherence of Ti:sapphire Optical Frequency Combs across Hundreds of Nanometers

We demonstrate the scaling of the relative phase noise across hundreds of nanometers of spectra from stabilized Ti:sapphire frequency combs. We show good agreement between the predicted and measured phase noise.
Muslim American perspectives of the global war on terror: an exploratory analysis

This study examines the perceptions of Muslim Americans with regards to anti‐terrorist policies including special emphasis on the US‐led Global War on Terrorism (GWOT) in the post‐9/11 era. Data was collected in October/November of 2006 from Muslim Americans in the Dallas/Fort Worth area. Muslim Americans’ perceptions of the effectiveness of the GWOT, the rationale for the GWOT, and the impact of that war on Muslims in general are considered. Differences in these perceptions by level of perceived fairness of US policies in general are examined.
NMR investigation of Co magnetic anisotropy in RCo5 compounds

Abstract The hyperfine field anisotropy of the Co atoms at the two Co sites of R Co 5 compounds is investigated and related to the Co contribution to the magnetic anisotropy.
AMP-activated Protein Kinase Regulates HNF4α Transcriptional Activity by Inhibiting Dimer Formation and Decreasing Protein Stability

AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) is the central component of a cellular signaling system that regulates multiple metabolic enzymes and pathways in response to reduced intracellular energy levels. The transcription factor hepatic nuclear factor 4α (HNF4α) is an orphan nuclear receptor that regulates the expression of genes involved in energy metabolism in the liver, intestine, and endocrine pancreas. Inheritance of a single null allele of HNF4α causes diabetes in humans. Here we demonstrate that AMPK directly phosphorylates HNF4α and represses its transcriptional activity. AMPK-mediated phosphorylation of HNF4α on serine 304 had a 2-fold effect, reducing the ability of the transcription factor to form homodimers and bind DNA and increasing its degradation rate in vivo. These results demonstrate that HNF4α is a downstream target of AMPK and raise the possibility that one of the effects of AMPK activation is reduced expression of HNF4α target genes.
Circumsporozoite gene of a Plasmodium falciparum strain from Thailand.

Abstract The nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of the CS gene of a Plasmodium falciparum strain from Thailand (T4) are presented. Comparison with the nucleotide sequences of two other P. falciparum CS genes, 78G from Brazil and Wellcome from West Africa, shows that: (1) the coding regions outside the repeats of T4 and 7G8 are co-extensive and lack 30 nucleotides present in the Wellcome strain prime; to the repeats; (2) in this region, T4 also differes at 3 nucleotide positions from the 7G8 and the Wellcome strains; (3) in the region 3′ to the repeats, T4 differs at two positions from 7G8 and at two other positions from the Wellcome strain - remarkably, all of these differences result in amino acid substitutions; (4) the structure of the tandem repeats in the CS gene of T4 is, 5′ to 3′, [NANP-NVDP] × 3, [NANP] × 38, which is different from that of the two other strains. Due to the use of synonymous codons, the repetition of the sequence is more precise at the amino acid level than at the nucleotide level. These features contrast with those observed in the CS genese of other plasmodial species.
Neuropsychological performance of young nondrinkers, social drinkers, and long- and short-term sober alcoholics

Neuropsychological performance of 23-42-year-old males with diverse drinking histories was assessed. Comparisons were made among nondrinkers, social drinkers, short-term sober (less than 30 days) alcoholics and long-term sober (greater than 30 days) alcoholics. Results of these comparisons provided little support for the notion that neurotoxic effects of chronic alcohol consumption are directly related to cognitive impairment. Instead, these results suggested that performance differences among the groups were more closely related to subclinical withdrawal symptoms or native ability than to long-term alcohol consumption. Because none of the dependent measures was related to length of abstinence, and because Wechsler's Adult Intelligence Scale-R Vocabulary differences among groups paralleled neuropsychological test performance differences, it is suggested that differences among groups may reflect differences in native ability. In addition, there were no differences between social drinkers and nondrinkers, nor were there any significant correlations among drinking variables and performance of social drinkers, providing further evidence against a direct relationship between alcohol consumption and cognitive performance.
Is Russia Still Driving Regional Economic Growth

This paper investigates whether the linkages between economic growth in Russia and growth in other countries in the region have weakened over time, particularly following the 1998 Russian crisis. It specifies an econometric model that includes standard growth determinants as well as Russian economic growth, and which allows for the effects of Russian growth to vary over time. The paper finds that Russian growth was indeed a significant determinant of regional economic growth prior to the Russian crisis, but that this link weakened significantly thereafter.
Simple in-line method to measure the dispersion of an optical system

We describe a simple in‐line method to measure the dispersion of an optical system. The light beam passing through the optical system interferes with a reference beam in a spectrometer, and the resulting spectrum yields the quadratic and cubic dispersion terms of the system. We demonstrate this technique on an optical system made of grating pairs.
Slurry Atomization Direct Flame Emission Determination of Na and K in Hot Dogs

This report describes initial development of a slurry atomization method for rapid, cost-effective, near-direct determinations of sodium and potassium in hot dogs by flame emission. Samples were briefly homogenized in water. Na and K were thereby solubilized. Hot dog slurries were directly introduced with a Babington nebulizer into a clog-free air natural-gas burner. This cool flame eliminated ionization. Instrumental calibration was performed merely with separate aqueous standard solutions of NaCl and KCl. Ionization suppressants, internal standards, standard additions, matrix correction factors, matrix modifiers and matrix matching schemes were all found to be unnecessary for hot dog slurries directly analyzed with this system. The overall slurry atomization method eliminated the need for acids, fume hoods and lengthy sample preparation such as wet or dry ashing. Quantitative accuracy was achieved for near-direct determinations of weight percent Na and K in hot dogs. Total solid sample preparation plus analysis times were ≤5 min.
A EMPIRICAL STUDY OF THE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN SMALL EXPORTING AND NON‐EXPORTING US FIRMS

Introduction Perhaps the most significant economic transformation within the last three decades has been the internationalization of business. From the modest levels of the 1950s, the volume of world trade has exploded to over $2 trillion, and the sales of foreign affiliates of US firms have reached $500 billion by 1983 (Terpstra 1983). Yet, even in the light of accelerated efforts to further stimulate US exporters (e.g., the Export Trading Company Act of 1982), a recent Dunn and Bradstreet survey showed that less than 1% of the US firms had engaged in exporting in 1982 (Trade Marks, 1983). Similarly, the International Trade Administration of the US Department of Commerce has lamented that only 5% of all US manufacturers will have engaged in export marketing in 1984.
Evolution of Novel Signal Traits in the Absence of Female Preferences in Neoconocephalus Katydids (Orthoptera, Tettigoniidae)

UNLABELLED BACKGROUND SIGNIFICANCE: Communication signals that function to bring together the sexes are important for maintaining reproductive isolation in many taxa. Changes in male calls are often attributed to sexual selection, in which female preferences initiate signal divergence. Natural selection can also influence signal traits if calls attract predators or parasitoids, or if calling is energetically costly. Neutral evolution is often neglected in the context of acoustic communication. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS We describe a signal trait that appears to have evolved in the absence of either sexual or natural selection. In the katydid genus Neoconocephalus, calls with a derived pattern in which pulses are grouped into pairs have evolved five times independently. We have previously shown that in three of these species, females require the double pulse pattern for call recognition, and hence the recognition system of the females is also in a derived state. Here we describe the remaining two species and find that although males produce the derived call pattern, females use the ancestral recognition mechanism in which no pulse pattern is required. Females respond equally well to the single and double pulse calls, indicating that the derived trait is selectively neutral in the context of mate recognition. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE These results suggest that 1) neutral changes in signal traits could be important in the diversification of communication systems, and 2) males rather than females may be responsible for initiating signal divergence.
Trapping-mediated dissociative chemisorption of cycloalkanes on Ru(001) and Ir(111): influence of ring strain and molecular geometry on the activation of C-C and C-H bonds.

We have measured the initial probabilities of dissociative chemisorption of perhydrido and perdeutero cycloalkane isotopomers on the hexagonally close-packed Ru(001) and Ir(111) single-crystalline ...
Detection of molecules with nerve growth factor binding activity in medium conditioned by L-929 fibroblasts.

Abstract L-929 fibroblasts (L cells) secrete a high molecular weight form of nerve growth factor (NGF) that is non-covalently bound and contains as part of its structure a molecule similar, if not identical, to β-NGF in mouse submandibular glands. The other components of the NGF complex have not been characterized. In this study we used radiolabeled β-NGF as a probe to detect molecules with NGF binding activity in L cell conditioned medium. The L cell NGF complex was dissociated at low pH, or with denaturants or detergents, and allowed to reassociate in the presence of 125 I-β-NGF. Radioactivity became associated with a complex that eluted in a high molecular weight volume on columns of Sephadex G-200 and Sephacryl S-500. Incorporation was saturable and did not occur under non-dissociating conditions. The complex was affinity cross-linked and studied by SDS gel electrophoresis. Radiolabeled molecules were observed with molecular weights of 151,000, 56,000 and 53,000. Labeling did not occur in the presence of excess unlabeled NGF or when cross-linking was done with fetal bovine serum, indicating that binding is specific and that binding activity is not derived from serum added to tissue culture medium. Solutions containing 7S NGF from mouse salivary glands were cross-linked by similar procedures but different banding patterns were observed. The data show that NGF binding molecules dissimilar from those in salivary glands are present in L cell conditioned medium.
Novel highly nonlinear memristive circuit elements for neural networks

Highly nonlinear dynamics arises from novel serially and antiserially connected memristive switches. Antiserially connected memristors offer a device with built-in spiking neuron behavior. Serially connected memristors offer new functionality of a cascade of sigmoid staircase curves to represent multi-level spike-timing dependent plasticity (STDP). In a programming operation, a serial arrangement of two switches displays multiple time-delays between threshold transitions showing three distinct current levels and an arrangement of three switches four current levels spanning 6 orders of magnitude. Anti-serially connected resistive switches, aka resistive floating electrode device (RFED), can generate well-controlled spikes as a result of the history of the dynamic input. Both types of composite switches can be packed into a single intersection of a memristive crossbar architecture of 4F2. The switches have been manufactured as a multi-stack of Cu, TaO x , Pt materials with 32 nm of oxygen-deficient TaO x in a crossbar architecture.
Developing a civilised society in transition economies: The Post Keynesian paradigm

A Post Keynesian paradigm of transition requires the exposition of what I define as primary elements: economic analysis; definition of a good society; speed; political structure; ideological structure and the role of initial conditions. The next step is to identify secondary elements, the desired changes with respect to: price liberalisation-stabilisation; privatisation; institutional structure; monetary policy and the financial system; fiscal policy; international trade and social policy. It is argued that Post Keynesianism clarifies the reasons why the orthodox model of transition implemented in transition economies was inappropriate and unsuccessful. The Post Keynesian recommendations would have resulted in a more sensible and successful transition.
A study on the regulation of the concentrations of some trace metals (Rb, Sr, Zn, Pb, Cu, V, Cr, Ni, Mn and Mo) in Saanich Inlet Sediments, British Columbia, Canada

Abstract Bulk metal concentrations were measured in the sediments of Saanich Inlet in an attempt to establish the occurrence of trace metal enrichment in the anoxic central basin. Ba, Ni, V, Cr, Zn, Pb, Cu and Mo were found to be enriched in the anoxic ooze over the possible contributions from lithogenic sources. Spatial and seasonal variations in the chemical composition of the settling particulates collected with interceptor traps gave further indications of the mode of incorporation of these metals. Biogenic Ba and Cr appeared to be associated with opaline silica, although alternative explanations are also possible, particularly for Ba. Zinc seemed to be added to the sediment essentially in association with planktonic materials, while Cu required an additional source directly linked to the anoxic environment. Similarly, Ni, V and Mo were added to the anoxic sediments by reactions occurring at the sediment-water interface. In the nearshore environment studied here, these metals, particularly Ni and Mo, were not associated to any significant extent with planktonic materials. Of all the elements analyzed, Mo showed the largest enrichment in the anoxic sediments of Saanich Inlet.
New approach for mapping and monitoring damascene trench depth using CD-SEM tilt imaging

Due to miniaturization of semiconductor devices, ArF (193nm) lithography is likely expected to be used for sub 100nm regime. For sub 100nm devices, high NA exposure tools and various strong off-axis illumination (OAI) conditions should be used. But unlike KrF (248nm) lithography, resist pattern collapse becomes one of the most serious problems in ArF lithography. In order to solve pattern collapse problem, thin resist process is generally introduced but its poor etch resistance is an obstacle for being applied in real production process. Due to this reason, new kinds of organic BARC materials are investigated and optimized to avoid pattern collapse. As mentioned, the most important issue in ArF organic BARC is believed to be the pattern collapse problem. A number of organic BARCs were made by varying polymer, cross-linker, thermal acid generator, and additive. We tried to analyze the key factor in terms of pattern collapse. This paper is to compare the various elements of the organic BARC formulation and to discuss what brings and causes pattern collapse.
Numerical simulation of wave propagation in composite plates

Composite structures are being extensively used in modern industrial applications due to their superior physical attributes, thus necessitating the need for structural health monitoring (SHM) systems to ensure their structural integrety. Guided wave (GW)-based methods are an obvious choice because of their ability to travel long distances through the thickness of the composite structures. In this work, local interaction simulation approach (LISA), a finite difference (FD)-based numerical method, is used to study the GW propagation characteristics in laminated composite plates. The iterative equations, which form the core of the LISA method, have been derived for orthotropic materials with in-plane rotation. Simulation results for uni-ply and quasi-isotropic graphite/epoxy laminates are used to demonstrate the capabilities of the advanced equations.
Kniest Dysplasia: New Radiographic Features in the Skeleton

Objective To describe skeletal findings in patients with Kniest dysplasia, focusing on osseous abnormalities that have not been characteristically associated with this disorder.
Philanthropy and accountability in Europe

Philanthropy in Europe: A Rich Past, A Promising Future. Norine MacDonald and Luc Tayart de Borms, eds. London: Alliance Publishing Trust, 2008. 304 pp., free of charge from the European Foundation Centre, efc@efc.be.
Mechanical properties and fatigue performance of crosslinked polyethylene in total knee applications

Abstract There has been increasing concern about the structural fatigue resistance of crosslinked ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) components due to deterioration of certain mechanical properties. However, due to the lack of clear correlation between specific mechanical properties and clinical performance, these concerns remain theoretical. To mimic clinical use and thus evaluate the potential risks and benefits of various crosslinked polyethylene materials for knee and hip bearing applications, two clinically relevant, worst-case scenarios were simulated on functional devices. In the first scenario, cemented all-polyethylene patellar components were tested under simulated stair-climbing conditions with femoral component rotational malalignment. In the second scenario, thin, metal-backed, polyethylene acetabular liners were tested in a hip joint simulator under rim-loading conditions. To compare the mechanical properties of these materials, various types of crosslinked UHMWPE were prepared according to published process descriptions of commercial materials. These materials were then subjected to standardized tensile strength testing. The results indicated that material performance was more significantly affected by the postirradiation thermal treatment history than by the total dose of irradiation. Remelting following irradiation led to catastrophic fractures of the pegs of the rotationally malaligned patellar components and the rim-loaded liners. The ultimate tensile strength appeared to be the key mechanical property that correlated with the structural fatigue performance of crosslinked polyethylene materials, whereas tensile elongation within the 250 to 400% range had no effect on structural integrity.
Initiation of terpenoid synthesis in osmophores of Stanhopea anfracta (Orchidaceae) : A cytochemical study

The floral scent glands (osmophores) of Stanhopea produce a fragrance composed ofterpenoids and aromatics which attract pollinators. The terpenoid component is composed of isoprene units synthesized via the mevalonic acid pathway. Localization of hydroxymethylglutaryl CoA synthase in the mevalonic acid pathway was achieved using a technique which elicits the formation of an electron-dense precipitate of uranyl ferrocyanide at the point in the mevalonic acid pathway where an acetyl group from acetyl CoA is transferred to acetoacetyl CoA, releasing free CoA-SH. Applying this technique to cells of the osmophore of S. anfracta resulted in a precipitate between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes, in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum, and, to a lesser extent, on the outer surface of the tonoplast membranes and between the inner and outer membranes and granal membranes of amyloplasts indicating multiple, subcellular locations for at least some enzymes in the mevalonic acid pathway. Localization of camitine acetyltransferase by a similar technique resulted in a precipitate between the inner and outer mitochondrial membranes and in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum indicating multiple, subcellular locations for this enzyme also.
Costs, Benefits and Unintended Gastrointestinal Side Effects of Pharmaceutical Therapy

All healthcare services, however beneficial, carry inherent risks in addition to the costs of care, which may involve expenditures on unanticipated side effects. Substantial research over the past few decades has elucidated the full range of clinical and resource use effects of peptic ulcer medications, particularly for histamine H2-receptor antagonists and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)-related gastropathy. Less well known are some of the positive and negative side effects of many different types of pharmaceuticals on the gastrointestinal tract.
The Community College Student Experiences Questionnaire: Introduction and Application.

Most student involvement research has focused on students in 4‐year college and university settings and is of limited use to institutional researchers and administrators of community colleges. This article familiarizes 2‐year college educators with the development, structure, and potential uses of the Community College Student Experiences Questionnaire (CCSEQ), a student self‐report instrument that provides information about student academic and social integration into the 2‐year college setting. CCSEQ data were collected as a collaborative activity between a university research center on higher education and an informal consortium developed by the four 2‐year institutions of higher education in west Tennessee. This collaborative effort was begun for the purpose of enhancing institutional research, assessment, evaluation, and improvement efforts at the participating 2‐year institutions. An analysis of CCSEQ data from 478 students attending selected community colleges in Tennessee is described in this arti...
CARDIAC DYSFUNCTION IS ASSOCIATED WITH INSULIN RESISTANCE IN OBESE ADOLESCENTS

One third of adolescents are obese in the United States. Half of them have insulin resistance (IR). Animal and human adult studies suggest that IR is associated with alterations in myocardial substrate metabolism and efficiency that lead to cardiac dysfunction. We hypothesize that in obese
The Sensitivity of Value-Added Estimates to Specification Adjustments: Evidence From School- and Teacher-Level Models in Missouri

We provide a side-by-side comparison of school and teacher growth measures estimated from different value-added models (VAMs). We compare VAMs that differ in terms of which student and school-level (or teacher-level) control variables are included and how these controls are included. Our richest specification includes 3 years of prior test scores for students and the standard demographic controls; our sparsest specification conditions only on a single prior test score. For both schools and teachers, the correlations between VAM estimates across the different models are high by conventional standards (typically at or above 0.90). However, despite the high correlations overall, we show that the choice of which controls to include in VAMs, and how to include them, meaningfully influences school and teacher rankings based on model output. Models that are less aggressive in controlling for student-background and schooling-environment information systematically assign higher rankings to more-advantaged schools,...
On the directional dependence of composite field operators

The Wilson expansion of the field operator productA1(x1)A2(x2) may be used to define composite operators which are local with respect to 1/2(x1+x2) and depend in addition on a vector η proportional to the distancex1−x2. It is proved that the composite operators are polynomials in η, for fixed η2 ≠ 0, and that their dependence on η2 only involves powers of η2 and lgη2.
CACHET: an adaptive cache coherence protocol for distributed shared-memory systems

An adaptive cache coherence protocol changes its actions to address changing program behaviors. We present an adaptive protocol called Cachet for distributed sharedmemory systems. Cachet is a seamless integration of several micro-protocols, each of which has been optimized for a particular memory access pattern. Cachet embodies both intraprotocol and inter-protocol adaptivity, and exploits adaptivity to achieve high performance under changing memory access patterns. Cachet is presented in the context of a mechanism-oriented memory model, Commit-Reconcile & Fences (CRF), which is a generalization of sequential consistency and other weaker memory models in use today. A protocol to implement CRF is automatically a correct implementation of any memory model whose programs can be expressed as CRF programs.
Simulation on Vibration Friction Mechanism of Vibration Pile System

Vibratory pile drivers are widely used in mechanical industry field. In this paper, the nonlinear dynamic model of vibration friction pile-soil system considering the soil friction force is proposed. By numerical simulation, the dynamics characteristics of vibration friction for pile-soil system were obtained. The results showed that with the increasing of excitation amplitude and frequency, the displacement of the pile and frame are both increased.
Isolation of microsatellite loci in the Florida Scrub-Jay Aphelocoma coerulescens

The Florida Scrub-Jay (Aphelocoma coerulescens), a habitat specialist listed as Threatened by the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, exhibits extremely limited natal dispersal. We hypothesize that this behaviour results in a correlation of genetic and geographical distance. To test this, we are sampling intensively along the north–south orientated Lake Wales Ridge of central Florida. We describe the isolation and characterization of 31 microsatellite loci developed to determine the minimum distance at which genetic structure can be detected, and to test for isolation by distance. There are 3–15 alleles per locus, with expected heterozygosities from 0.16 to 0.86.