cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An East Indian Laborers’ Household in Nineteenth-Century Jamaica: A Case for Understanding Cultural Diversity through Space, Chronology, and Material Analysis

Cultural diversity is a hallmark of the Caribbean region. This diversity is the result of many diasporas, including European, African, East Asian, and East Indian. Historical archaeology has focused on cultural permutations of the demographically dominant European and African groups. The archaeological record of other groups is present and can add to our understanding of the true depth of diversity in the emergence of social landscapes. This paper explores chronological, spatial, and material evidence related to an East Indian laborers’ household excavated in St. Ann’s Bay, Jamaica. The ways in which space was structured and materials used were distinct from patterns observed in the households of African Jamaicans who resided in a separate locus at the same site. This data suggests potential of examining cultural identities through archaeology.
Coding communications across time: Documenting changes in interaction patterns across adopter categories.

GLOBALink, a large online network of tobacco control professionals, was active in the promotion of the World Health Organization's Framework Convention on Tobacco Control treaty, an international treaty aimed at reducing the global burden of tobacco-related death and disease. We examined and compared the roles that different countries served in the GLOBALink community during FCTC negotiation and ratification. Previous studies of FCTC ratification found the process adhered to a diffusion of innovation model (Valente et al., 2015). We followed that work by conducting content analyses of discussion messages posted by GLOBALink members representing different countries. Based on the time when they ratified the FCTC, each country was labeled by one of the four adoption stages of the diffusion model and we investigated the amount of shared word use between the different stages. A goodness-of-fit chi-squared test indicated that content was not shared in an expected manner between stages (χ2 = 11,856.45, N = 51,447, p < 0.001). A deeper look at the specific words shared between countries within and between adoption stages provided insight into how interactions between certain countries might have served to support the ratification process.
An Interactive, Developmental Approach to Real-Time EEG Analysis

In developing algorithms to combine multiple-channel electroencephalographic (EEG) spectral and transient analysis, interactive graphic display, and heuristic feature extraction in a single, integrated, real-time computer system, we have worked from the premise that an automated EEG analysis system should perform three major functions. It should be (1) an effective clinical tool; (2) a utile monitoring device during surgery, controlled drug studies, etc.; and (3) employable as a probing tool in research, capable of isolating relevant parameters in pilot studies. Computer analysis promises to overcome many of the limitations inherent in the traditional visual method of analysis by offering the possibility of standardized interpretation of EEG records and permitting the extension of research and diagnosis by the extraction of EEG features that are not apparent from visual analysis. In working toward these goals, it is vital that the advantages of the polygraph method over simplistic, automated analysis not be overlooked and eliminated. The traditional method affords a close relationship between the data collection and interpretive processes: the technician frequently adapts montage and other variables to suit conditions apparent during recording, thereby emphasizing features in the record that facilitate diagnosis and minimize costly reruns. In developing EEG analysis systems, we have kept in mind the benefits of not sacrificing this flexibility, and we have augmented automated decision-making with the intelligence of both the technician and diagnostician.
Diagnosing and Correcting Mass Accuracy and Signal Intensity Error Due to Initial Ion Position Variations in a MALDI TOFMS

Frustrated by worse than expected error for both peak area and time-of-flight (TOF) in matrix assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) experiments using samples prepared by electrospray deposition, it was finally determined that there was a correlation between sample location on the target plate and the measured TOF/peak area. Variations in both TOF and peak area were found to be due to small differences in the initial position of ions formed in the source region of the TOF mass spectrometer. These differences arise largely from misalignment of the instrument sample stage, with a smaller contribution arising from the non-ideal shape of the target plates used. By physically measuring the target plates used and comparing TOF data collected from three different instruments, an estimate of the magnitude and direction of the sample stage misalignment was determined for each of the instruments. A correction method was developed to correct the TOFs and peak areas obtained for a given combination of target plate and instrument. Two correction factors are determined, one by initially collecting spectra from each sample position used and another by using spectra from a single position for each set of samples on a target plate. For TOF and mass values, use of the correction factor reduced the error by a factor of 4, with the relative standard deviation (RSD) of the corrected masses being reduced to 12-24 ppm. For the peak areas, the RSD was reduced from 28% to 16% for samples deposited twice onto two target plates over two days. Graphical Abstract.
Psychological Adaptation and Human Fertility Patterns: Some Evidence of Human Mating Strategies as Evoked Sexual Culture

Several features of human fertility, such as age of menarche, age at first marriage, and total number of offspring, vary in significant ways across cultures. At least part of this variation may be attributable to evolved psychological adaptations designed to facultatively respond to varying local environments with different reproductive strategies. Evidence is reviewed which suggests that stressful environments appear to evoke insecure parent–child attachment, which subsequently leads to an adaptive developmental pathway that includes dismissing romantic attachment, interpersonal distrust, and the pursuit of short-term reproductive strategies. Low levels of environmental stress seem to evoke a different reproductive strategy adaptively rooted in secure attachment, heightened interpersonal trust, and long-term mating. Much of the modern variation in human fertility may result from psychological adaptations to our ancestral past differentially functioning across evoked cultures.
Determining protein half-lives

Controlling the stability of cellular proteins is a fundamental way by which cells regulate growth, differentiation, survival, and development. Measuring the turnover rate of a protein is often the first step in assessing whether or not the function of a protein is regulated by proteolysis under specific physiological conditions. Over the years, procedures to determine the half-life of proteins in cultured eukaryotic cells have been well-established. This chapter describes in detail the two most frequently used methods, pulse-chase analysis and cycloheximide blocking, to determine a protein's half-life in yeast and cultured mammalian cells.
Uniform Weak (1,1) Bounds for Oscillatory Singular Integrals

Oscillatory singular integrals arise in many problems in harmonic analysis. Their boundedness properties have been studied quite extensively (see, for example, Stein [13]). In this paper we shall establish a uniform L 1 → L 1,∞ estimate for certain oscillatory singular integral operators with smooth phase functions of finite type. Such estimate has been known previously for operators with real-analytic phases only.
New Aspects on the Photobiology of Vitamin D

Vitamin D and rickets are synonymous. Vitamin D was discovered after a century long search for the etiology and an effective treatment of the bone deforming disease, rickets, which was a product of industrial revolution. Research on vitamin D began with an early observation by Sniadecki in 1822 (1) that lack of sunlight exposure was a likely cause of rickets. Ensuing efforts by numerous clinicians and scientists, including Bretonneau, Trousseau, Mellanby, McCollum, Huldschinsky, Hess, Steenbock, Windaus and their colleagues, led to the demonstration that exposure to sunlight alone, or ingesting cod liver oil or UV-irradiated foods could prevent and cure this bone disease, and the identification and synthesis of vitamin D (2). This fmding led Steenbock to recommend irradiating milk added with ergosterol (provitamin D2) as means to provide vitamin D to children and to prevent rickets (3). Ultimately, synthetic vitamin D was added directly to milk. This simple concept led to the eradication of rickets as a significant health problem in the United States and other countries that used this practice.
Sex-Dependent Effects of Mild Blast-induced Traumatic Brain Injury on Corticotropin-releasing Factor Receptor Gene Expression: Potential Link to Anxiety-like Behaviors.

Abstract Traumatic brain injury (TBI) affects 1.7 million people in the United States every year, resulting in increased risk of death and disabilities. A significant portion of TBIs experienced by military personnel are induced by explosive blast devices. Active duty military personnel are especially vulnerable to mild blast-induced (mb)TBI and the associated long-term effects, such as anxiety disorders. Additionally, females are at an increased risk of being diagnosed with anxiety-related disorders. The mechanism by which mbTBI results in anxiety disorders in males and females is unknown. The sexually dimorphic corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) is a brain signaling system linked to anxiety. CRF and its family of related peptides modulate anxiety-related behaviors by binding to CRF receptor subtypes 1 and 2 (CRFR1, CRFR2, respectively). These receptors are distributed throughout limbic structures that control behaviors related to emotion, memory, and arousal. Therefore, the aim of this study was to understand the link between mbTBI and anxiety by examining the impact of mbTBI on the CRFR system in male and female mice. mbTBI increased anxiety-like behaviors in both males and females (p
Predictive Biomarkers and Targeted Therapies in Adult Brain Cancers

Diffuse glial neoplasms in adults remain incurable, with high morbidity and mortality, despite significant advances in our understanding of their molecular characteristics and the underlying alterations in specific signaling pathways. With rare exceptions, and unlike the successes in treatment of other solid tumors, successful application of targeted therapies for glial neoplasms has remained elusive. Mutations in the IDH1/2 genes are factors in the neoplastic transformation of a large proportion of intermediate and high-grade gliomas, and a variety of treatment approaches including the development of vaccines and molecular inhibitors are currently being evaluated. Epigenetic factors such as DNA methylation also play an important role in the response to specific therapies. The accurate screening of predictive biomarkers in the diagnosis of gliomas and other tumors of the nervous system is now needed to allow selection of the most appropriate therapeutic approaches based on the molecular characteristics of the tumor.
Abstract # 3178 Maternal viral infection causes global changes in fetal microglia and alters gene expression and microglia density in the fetal amygdala

Prenatal exposure to maternal infection increases the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders, though the mechanisms remain to be elucidated. We have previously established a maternal immune activation (MIA) swine model, which results in altered piglet social behaviors postnatally, without microglia activation. Here, we sought to identify microglia activity prenatally, immediately following maternal infection with live porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV). Cesarean sections performed 7 and 21 days post-inoculation (dpi) revealed that MIA fetuses had reduced brain weights and that MIA microglia expressed more of the classical activation marker MHCII and reduced phagocytic and chemotactic activity compared to controls. High-throughput gene expression analysis of microglial-enriched genes revealed differential regulation in primary microglia and in whole amygdala tissue across both time points. Microglia density was increased in the fetal amygdala at 7 but not 21 dpi, though few changes in microglia number and morphology were evident in the fetal hippocampus. Our preliminary data also reveal sexual dimorphisms in gene expression patterns and microglia number and morphology across all time points and tissues, indicating that MIA likely induces dissimilar effects between males and females prenatally. Overall, these data suggest that fetal microglia, particularly in the amygdala, are transiently but significantly altered by maternal viral infection, indicating a potential mechanism through which MIA could negatively impact prenatal neurodevelopment and cause altered behaviors postnatally. Supported by NIH HD069899.
Evidence-Based Principles of Antibiotic Therapy

Oh, for the days when I could just write a prescription for penicillin and know that it would be effective for my patient! Those days are over. Now, I have to worry about whether the antibiotic will cover the usual organisms in the infection; if there are highly antibiotic-resistant bacteria present; if my prescription will select for resistant organisms in the patient, or her family, or his community; if the patient will have a toxic or allergic reaction; or if it will interact with one of the many other drugs the patient is taking. What if my patient can’t afford the antibiotic or doesn’t take it as prescribed? How long will he really take the antibiotic for? Just until he feels better? Should I be prescribing this antibiotic at all?
Particle robotics based on statistical mechanics of loosely coupled components

Biological organisms achieve robust high-level behaviours by combining and coordinating stochastic low-level components1-3. By contrast, most current robotic systems comprise either monolithic mechanisms4,5 or modular units with coordinated motions6,7. Such robots require explicit control of individual components to perform specific functions, and the failure of one component typically renders the entire robot inoperable. Here we demonstrate a robotic system whose overall behaviour can be successfully controlled by exploiting statistical mechanics phenomena. We achieve this by incorporating many loosely coupled 'particles', which are incapable of independent locomotion and do not possess individual identity or addressable position. In the proposed system, each particle is permitted to perform only uniform volumetric oscillations that are phase-modulated by a global signal. Despite the stochastic motion of the robot and lack of direct control of its individual components, we demonstrate physical robots composed of up to two dozen particles and simulated robots with up to 100,000 particles capable of robust locomotion, object transport and phototaxis (movement towards a light stimulus). Locomotion is maintained even when 20 per cent of the particles malfunction. These findings indicate that stochastic systems may offer an alternative approach to more complex and exacting robots via large-scale robust amorphous robotic systems that exhibit deterministic behaviour.
Deep Learning With Edge Computing: A Review

Deep learning is currently widely used in a variety of applications, including computer vision and natural language processing. End devices, such as smartphones and Internet-of-Things sensors, are generating data that need to be analyzed in real time using deep learning or used to train deep learning models. However, deep learning inference and training require substantial computation resources to run quickly. Edge computing, where a fine mesh of compute nodes are placed close to end devices, is a viable way to meet the high computation and low-latency requirements of deep learning on edge devices and also provides additional benefits in terms of privacy, bandwidth efficiency, and scalability. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the current state of the art at the intersection of deep learning and edge computing. Specifically, it will provide an overview of applications where deep learning is used at the network edge, discuss various approaches for quickly executing deep learning inference across a combination of end devices, edge servers, and the cloud, and describe the methods for training deep learning models across multiple edge devices. It will also discuss open challenges in terms of systems performance, network technologies and management, benchmarks, and privacy. The reader will take away the following concepts from this paper: understanding scenarios where deep learning at the network edge can be useful, understanding common techniques for speeding up deep learning inference and performing distributed training on edge devices, and understanding recent trends and opportunities.
Rescuing Sensorimotor Declines in a Rat Model of Musculoskeletal Disorders: Is Rest Best?

Overuse-induced musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are a leading cause of pain and physical disability worldwide. Substance P (SubP) and its primary receptor, neurokinin-1 (NK1R), are known for their...
Non-dissociated dislocations in an AZ31 alloy revealed by transmission electron microscopy

dislocations in pure Mg have been reported to dissociate on basal planes, resulting in a sessile configuration that limits the ductility and formability of Mg. In this study, careful tilting ...
Human Cytomegalovirus Prophylaxis and Treatment in Lung Transplantation in the Current Era

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in solid organ transplantation with lung transplant recipients being at highest risk. This article sumarizes recent findings in the pathophysiology of HCMV, especially its effects in lung transplant recipients; the current and new modalities for treatment and prevention of infection; and the latest guidelines for prevention and management of HCMV in lung transplant recipients. Recent findings include moves towards standardization for monitoring and treating HCMV and approval of a new agent, letermovir, for prevention of HCMV reactivation in hematopoietic cell transplant recipients now in clinical trials for solid organ transplant recipients, and updates on the late stage development of maribavir. The newest innovations include promising vaccine candidates as well as adoptive cell-mediated immunity through the use of virus-specific cytotoxic T cells. Finally, assays evaluating HCMV immune function to aid in the evaluation of individual patient’s ability to have a cell-mediated immune response to CMV are being developed. In the past 15 years major advances in diagnosis, prevention, management and risk evaluation in patients with HCMV have occurred, and research continues, which will impact outcomes in the transplant population.
The Use of Electronic Games in Cognitive Rehabilitation

In the early 1970’s Atari, a once small electronics firm in Sunnyvale, California, developed and marketed the first commercially successful video game. Referred to as Pong, this video version of ping-pong paved the way for numerous other games which soon appeared in taverns, arcades, airport lobbies, and college dormitories throughout the country. Although Pong remains quite popular, there are now over 40 different Atari videogame programs varying from simple word games (Hangman) to complex games of strategy such as chess (Video Chess) or tic-tac-toe (3-D Tic-Tac-Toe). Each program contains variations both in number of players (1 to 4) and level of difficulty (slow or fast speed; larger or smaller light “paddle”). Some (Video Olympics) have as many as 50 variations from which to choose.
Trace organic contaminants in field-scale cultivated alfalfa, soil, and pore water after 10 years of irrigation with reclaimed wastewater.

Abstract Several studies have assessed the presence of trace organic contaminants (TrOCs) in reclaimed wastewater and their uptake into crops but there are limited data from field-scale studies. In this research, we studied the fate of 12 TrOCs in wastewater samples, 11 in plants and in soil pore water, and 10 in soil at an agricultural research farm, which was irrigated with reclaimed wastewater for more than 10 years. First, we examined the presence of the compounds in the primary, secondary, and treated effluent of a regional water reclamation facility which provides the irrigation water. The agricultural field produced alfalfa, and we measured the contaminants in the alfalfa, soil, and pore water. Reclaimed wastewater contained 11 of 12 TrOCs, with concentrations ranging from 26 ± 9 ng/L (DEET) to 1539 ± 1899 ng/L (trimethoprim). Atrazine was not detected. Pore water collected during non-irrigating periods contained all analyzed TrOCs, from 3 ± 0.1 ng/L (diphenhydramine) to 343 ± 360 ng/L (primidone). TrOCs measured in pore water samples indicated that they may leach to shallow groundwater even when fields are not being irrigated. Soils from 0 to 60 cm contained nine TrOCs from below the reporting limit (fluoxetine) to 329 ng/g (carbamazepine). Atrazine was not detected. TrOC concentrations decreased with increasing soil depth, except carbamazepine, which was more recalcitrant. Nine TrOCs were present in the shoots and leaves of alfalfa grown in the reclaimed wastewater irrigated plots, at concentrations ranging from
Whole-mount Immunohistochemistry of Adult Zebrafish Retina for Advanced Imaging

Immunohistochemistry is a widely used technique to examine the expression and subcellular localization of proteins. This technique relies on the specificity of antibodies and requires adequate penetration of antibodies into tissues. The latter is especially challenging for thick specimens, such as embryos and other whole-mount preparations. Here we describe an improved method of immunohistochemistry for retinal whole-mount preparations. We report that a cocktail of three reagents, Triton X-100, Tween-20, and DMSO, in blocking and antibody dilution buffers strongly enhances immunolabeling in whole-mount retinas from adult zebrafish. In addition, we establish that in whole retinal tissues, a classic epitope retrieval method, based on citrate buffer, is effective for immunolabeling membrane-associated proteins. Overall, this simple modification allows precise and reproducible immunolabeling of proteins in retinal whole-mounts.
Initial Clinical Experience With Mitral Valve Translocation for Secondary Mitral Regurgitation.

Abstract Background Functional (secondary) mitral regurgitation (FMR) results from altered geometry of the mitral valve apparatus. Repair with restrictive mitral annuloplasty is associated with high rates of recurrent mitral regurgitation (MR). We developed a novel operative repair for FMR that translocates the intact mitral valve towards the apex. Methods The mitral valve was detached circumferentially and translocated into the ventricle with a frustum-shaped glutaraldehyde-treated autologous pericardial patch. Clinical and echocardiographic follow-up was performed. Results Fifteen consecutive patients with FMR (mean age, 59 years; 67% female) had mitral valve translocation between 2018 and 2020. Preoperative mean ejection fraction, left ventricular end-diastolic dimension, and systolic pulmonary artery pressure were 40% ± 11%, 59 ± 8 mm, and 49 ± 21 mm Hg, respectively; 33% had atrial fibrillation. Cardiomyopathy was ischemic in 4 and nonischemic in 11. Concomitant procedures included tricuspid valve operation (n = 8), coronary artery bypass grafting (n = 4), and atrial fibrillation ablation (n = 5). Post bypass transesophageal echocardiogram demonstrated none/trace MR in all patients and mean gradient of 3 mm Hg (interquartile range, 2-4 mm Hg). Mean leaflet extent of coaptation was 14 ± 2 mm (range, 11-17 mm). There was no postoperative mortality, stroke, or renal failure. Predismissal echocardiography showed none/trace MR in 14 patients and mild MR in 1. One patient underwent successful late rerepair of a suture line leak. Twelve patients were alive at latest follow-up and MR at 1 and 6 months was mild or less in all patients with mean leaflet extent of coaptation of 14 ± 2 mm (range, 12-16 mm) at 6 months. Conclusions Mitral valve translocation creates a large surface of coaptation and effectively corrects FMR. Further study is needed to demonstrate the long-term durability and clinical utility of this operation.
Theory and methods for calculating the inertial-braking characteristics of a ship

One of the most serious problems of modern navigation is the accident rate that occurs due to inept or belated maneuvering of ships. As a result of accidents in the world, more than 200 ships sink every year and every fourth receives significant damage. Full-scale tests show that the stopping distance of large-tonnage ships turn out to be much less permissible, and shipbuilders are able to significantly reduce the astern power of such ships, making them cheaper at the expense of safety. The low accuracy of inertial-braking characteristics is mainly due to unqualified field tests. Analysis of graphs and tables based on the results of such tests show that the spread in the values of inertial-braking characteristics for ships of the same type reaches 30%, and in some cases even more. In many tables and graphs, inertial-braking characteristics are expressed in relative values and are not suitable for direct use when maneuvering a ship. Finally, even when graphical and/or tabular maneuvering information is available on the navigating bridge, it is difficult to use it when maneuvering a ship at night. The research carried out by the author results in: - creation of an alternative computational method for determining the inertial-braking characteristics of the ship, suitable for use on any on-board computer; - development of an improved methodology for calculating the path and time of acceleration and braking of the ship in various ahead motion modes; - development of a methodology for taking into account the influence of a passing and opponent current on the length of the stopping distance of the ship; - development of methods for solving applied problems, ensuring a decrease in the accident rate of ships during maneuvering. The obtained methods include the development of theoretical foundations, mathematical models and comparison of the calculated inertial-braking characteristics of ships with the data of a full-scale experiment. For the first time, to derive the calculated formulas for the time and stopping distance, theorems are used on the change in the momentum and kinetic energy during accelerated and decelerated motion of the ship. In the course of the study, the problems of calculating and formalizing the inertial-braking characteristics of the ship are being comprehensively solved. For the first time, the hypothesis that the nature of the change in the thrust force of the propeller during reverse can be approximated by linear equations has been substantiated and confirmed. The general results are used to calculate the inertial-braking characteristics of specific ships. ISBN 978-617-7319-30-5 (on-line) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ How to Cite: Kalinichenko, E. (2020). Theory and methods for calculating the inertial-braking characteristics of a ship. Kharkiv: PC Technology Center, 76. doi: http://doi.org/10.15587/978-617-7319-30-5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Indexing:
Fine needle aspiration cytology of myositis ossificans.

Fine needle aspiration was performed on a large soft tissue mass of the left thigh and hip region in a 27-year-old paraplegic man. Cytologic examination revealed sheets of immature fibro-blasts and scattered skeletal muscle cells in various stages of degeneration compatible with myositis ossificans. This case is probably the first needle aspiration cytology of this lesion. The danger of confusing the cytology with that of a sarcoma is emphasized.
Counting lattice paths by crossings and major index I: the corner-flipping bijections

We solve two problems regarding the enumeration of lattice paths in $\mathbb{Z}^2$ with steps $(1,1)$ and $(1,-1)$ with respect to the major index, defined as the sum of the positions of the valleys, and to the number of crossings. The first problem considers crossings of a single path with a fixed horizontal line. The second one counts pairs of paths with respect to the number of times they cross each other. Our proofs construct new lattice path bijections with neat visual descriptions, and the answers are given by remarkably simple formulas involving $q$-binomial coefficients.
Evaluation of the Preanalytical Interference of Hemoglobin, Bilirubin, or Lipids in Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Assays on Beckman Coulter AU Analyzers.

OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of hemolysis, icterus, and lipemia (HIL) interferences on 8 therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) assays. METHODS Amikacin, carbamazepine, digoxin, lidocaine, lithium, methotrexate, phenobarbital, and theophylline were spiked in specimen pools at the clinical decision cutoff values. The interferents were spiked in vitro in specimen pools. All analytes were tested on Beckman Coulter AU analyzers. RESULTS Hemolysis interference was detected in quantitative microsphere system (QMS) amikacin at 55.59 μg/mL at a concentration of 500 mg/dL hemoglobin. Icterus interference was detected in enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique amikacin at 43.62 μg/mL and in QMS amikacin at 55.59 μg/mL, at a concentration of 20 mg/dL bilirubin. CONCLUSION Although the reference range value is recommended for clinical significance bias assessment for HIL interferences on most chemistry assays, an important investigation of the HIL interferences on TDM assays is to establish interferent thresholds at the clinical critical cutoff values.
Performance of Automated Telemetry in Diagnosing QT Prolongation in Critically Ill Patients.

BACKGROUND QT prolongation increases the risk of ventricular arrhythmia and is common among critically ill patients. The gold standard for QT measurement is electrocardiography. Automated measurement of corrected QT (QTc) by cardiac telemetry has been developed, but this method has not been compared with electrocardiography in critically ill patients. OBJECTIVE To compare the diagnostic performance of QTc values obtained with cardiac telemetry versus electrocardiography. METHODS This prospective observational study included patients admitted to intensive care who had an electrocardiogram ordered simultaneously with cardiac telemetry. Demographic data and QTc determined by electrocardiography and telemetry were recorded. Bland-Altman analysis was done, and correlation coefficient and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) coefficient were calculated. RESULTS Fifty-one data points were obtained from 43 patients (65% men). Bland-Altman analysis revealed poor agreement between telemetry and electrocardiography and evidence of fixed and proportional bias. Area under the ROC curve for QTc determined by telemetry was 0.9 (P < .001) for a definition of prolonged QT as QTc ≥ 450 milliseconds in electrocardiography (sensitivity, 88.89%; specificity, 83.33%; cutoff of 464 milliseconds used). Correlation between the 2 methods was only moderate (r = 0.6, P < .001). CONCLUSIONS QTc determination by telemetry has poor agreement and moderate correlation with electrocardiography. However, telemetry has an acceptable area under the curve in ROC analysis with tolerable sensitivity and specificity depending on the cutoff used to define prolonged QT. Cardiac telemetry should be used with caution in critically ill patients.
Insights into the modular design of kinase inhibitors and application to Abl and Axl

Scaffold hopping is a common strategy for generating kinase inhibitors that bind to the DFG-out inactive conformation. Small structural differences in inhibitor scaffolds can have significant effects on potency and selectivity across the kinome, however, these effects are often not studied in detail. Herein, we outline a design strategy to generate an array of DFG-out conformation inhibitors with three different hinge-binders and two DFG-pocket groups. We studied inhibitor selectivity across a large segment of the kinome and elucidated binding preferences that can be used in scaffold hopping campaigns. Using these analyses, we identified two selective inhibitors that display low nanomolar potency against Axl or wild-type and clinically relevant mutants of Abl.
Efficacy of Anthem, Anthem ATZ, Solstice, Keystone NXT, Corvus, and Surestart II in Glyphosate-Resistant Irrigated Corn

The best treatments provided excellent green foxtail, crabgrass, or shattercane control. All treatments dramatically increased corn yield compared to the control.
Rechnerunterstützung für datenorientierte Kooperation

Die Darstellung von Wesen und Formen kooperativer Gruppenarbeit in Kapitel 2 war unabhangig von konkreten Mechanismen. Das Ziel des vorliegenden Buches ist jedoch die technische Unterstutzung von datenorientierter Kooperation als Form der freien Kooperation. Bevor die Anforderungen der freien Kooperation in Konzepte und Mechanismen umgesetzt werden, ist es sinnvoll, bereits bestehende Losungen zu betrachten. Sie konnen gegebenenfalls spater als Bausteine integriert werden. Um die Untersuchungen auf ein uberschaubares Mas zu beschranken, mus zuerst eine Abgrenzung des Untersuchungsgebietes erfolgen (Abschnitt 3.1). Abschnitt 3.2 diskutiert das Spektrum der Anforderungen an die Rechnerunterstutzung fur kooperative Gruppenarbeit, wie sie in der einschlagigen Literatur genannt werden. Den Schlussel zur Rechnerunterstutzung bietet schlieslich nicht ein bestimmter Ansatz, sondern das, was bezuglich des kooperativen Geschehens als korrekter Ablauf mit konsistenter Datenbasis betrachtet wird. Ablaufkorrektheit und Zustandskonsistenz werden unter dem Begriff Akzeptierbarkeit subsumiert (Abschnitt 3.3). Aus diesen Uberlegungen folgt, das die Rechnerunterstutzung fur akzeptierbare Korrektheit und Konsistenz sorgen mus. Anhand von ausgewahlten datenbanknahen Mechanismen werden in Abschnitt 3.4 und 3.5 diesbezugliche Modelle erortert. Abschnitt 3.6 schliest das Kapitel mit den Aufgabenfeldern einer Unterstutzung fur datenorientierte Kooperation ab.
Pancreatobiliary duct brushing cytopathology: an analysis of the CAP Non-Gynecologic Cytology (NGC) program for pancreatic pathology 2000-2011.

Introduction The College of American Pathologists (CAP, Northfield, Illinois) monitors performance in cytologic analysis to evaluate the standard of practice and consider strategies for method improvement. Materials and methods 5700 responses to 97 pancreatobiliary tract brushing slide challenges were collected by the CAP Non-Gynecologic Cytopathology (NGC) Program, between 2000 and 2011. Analysis examined participant agreement with the general diagnostic categories of benign or malignant. Suspicious responses were classified as concordant with slides having a positive general diagnosis. Conventional smears with Pap stain and Romanowsky stain were evaluated in addition to CytoSpin, ThinPrep, and SurePath preparations. A nonlinear mixed model was fit with 3 factors—general diagnosis, participant type, and preparation type. Results Overall concordance rate was 91.7%. Preparation type and general diagnosis were significantly associated with the concordance rate. The interaction term between these two factors was also statistically significant, with ThinPrep performing marginally better for positive cases and CytoSpin performing better for negative cases. Conventional smears did not perform as well as CytoSpin, ThinPrep, or SurePath. Conclusions Participants performed well with greater than 90% agreement with the target diagnostic category. There was no significant difference between cytotechnologists and pathologists. Small significant differences were found between preparations types. The statistical differences between concentration techniques may be due to dissimilarities in the quantity of cells and quality of cytomorphology, thus affecting the interpretations by participating laboratories.
Forest‐Fire Models

For applied mathematicians forest-fire models refer mainly to a nonlinear dynamic system often used to simulate spread of fire. For forest managers forest-fire models may pertain to any of the three phases of fire management: prefire planning (fire risk models), fire suppression (fire behavior models), and postfire evaluation (fire effects models). In this context forest-fire models may be statistical, rule-based, process-based, or a combination of all three. Keywords: burn probability; extreme events; farsite; Huygen's principle; prometheus; spatial–temporal point process
Blast Overpressure Waves Induce Transient Anxiety and Regional Changes in Cerebral Glucose Metabolism and Delayed Hyperarousal in Rats

Physiological alterations, anxiety and cognitive disorders are strongly associated with blast-induced traumatic brain injury (blast TBI) and are common symptoms in service personnel exposed to blasts. Since 2006, 25-30,000 new TBI cases are diagnosed annually in U.S. Service members; increasing evidence confirms that primary blast exposure causes diffuse axonal injury and is often accompanied by altered behavioral outcomes. Behavioral and acute metabolic effects resulting from blast to the head in the absence of thoracic contributions from the periphery were examined following a single blast wave directed to the head of male Sprague-Dawley rats protected by a lead shield over the torso. An 80 psi head blast produced cognitive deficits that were detected in working memory. Blast TBI rats displayed increased anxiety as determined by elevated plus maze at day 9 post-blast compared to sham rats; blast TBI rats spent significantly more time than the sham controls in the closed arms (p<0.05; n=8-11). Interestingly, anxiety symptoms were absent at days 22 and 48 post-blast. Instead, blast TBI rats displayed hyperactivity and increased rearing behavior at day 48 post-blast compared to sham rats. Blast TBI rats also exhibited suppressed acoustic startle responses, but similar pre-pulse inhibition at day 15 post-blast compared to sham rats. Acute physiological alterations in cerebral glucose metabolism were determined by positron emission tomography 1 and 9 days post-blast using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose. Global glucose uptake in blast TBI rat brains increased at day 1 post-blast (p<0.05; n=4-6) and returned to sham levels by day 9. Our results indicate a transient increase in cerebral metabolism following a blast injury. Markers for reactive astrogliosis and neuronal damage were noted by immunoblotting motor cortex tissue from day 10 post-blast in blast TBI rats compared to sham controls (p<0.05; n=5-6).
Materiality and Social Practice: Transformative Capacities and Intercultural Encounters

This collection of papers, edited by Joseph Maran and Philipp W. Stockhammer, signals a new theoretical bent on the part of German archaeologists. It derives from a 2010 conference on ‘Materiality ...
Emergence of the Operant Model of Effective Supervision : or How anOperant Conditioner Got Hooked on Leadership

A first‐hand account of how one of the lesser known features of operant conditioning – its prosocial stance hooked an idealistic graduate student in the late 1960s and has kept her contentedly spinning models in the field of leadership.
Health and Illness, Cultural Perspectives on

Health and illness in every society are socially constructed concepts discussed using key cultural symbols and metaphors. Different medical systems, including biomedicine, humoral medicine, and spirit healing should be understood in their cultural context. Doctors and patients can gain cultural competency when each knows the other's perspective on health and illness. We should not, however conflate culture and poverty when discussing differences in health outcomes. Keywords: culture; health; illness; medical anthropology; sociology of health and illness
Small single-copy region of plastid DNA in the non-photosynthetic angiosperm Epifagus virginiana contains only two genes. Differences among dicots, monocots and bryophytes in gene organization at a non-bioenergetic locus.

Abstract We have determined the nucleotide sequence of a 7 kb (1 kb = 10 3 base-pairs) region that includes the entire small single-copy region (SSC) of the plastid genome of Epifagus virginiana , a non-photosynthetic, parasitic flowering plant. The SSC (4.8 kb) is considerably smaller than those of photosynthetic plants due to the complete deletion of all photosynthetic, chlororespiratory and ribosomal protein genes. This leaves only two genes: a protein gene of 1738 codons whose product is unlikely to be involved in bioenergetic processes and a leucine tRNA gene ( trn L UAG ). Both genes span junctions between the inverted repeat and the SSC, with the consequence that the terminal 20 base-pairs of the repeat is transcribed in both directions and functions both as the 3′ end of the tRNA gene and as an internal segment of orf1738 . We find that the region of tobacco plastid DNA homologous to Epifagus orf1738 contains a single open reading frame (ORF) of 1901 codons rather than the three ORFs of 1244, 273 and 228 codons originally reported. However, we confirm that the equivalent region of the bryophyte Marchantia contains two genes (1068 and 464 codons) corresponding to the N and C-terminal portions of the dicot protein. In contrast, rice plastid DNA contains a severely truncated pseudogene at this locus.
CenterSurface model for 3D analysis of regional left ventricular function

The growing availability of surface reconstructions of the heart has increased interest in methods of quantitative analysis of left ventricular (LV) function in 3D. The authors are interested in transferring the advantages of the Centerline method from 2D to 3D. In the CenterSurface method, a medial surface is constructed between reconstructions of the endocardium at end diastole and end systole for wall motion analysis, and between the endocardial and epicardial surfaces for wall thickness. The measurement of motion or wall thickness is made perpendicular to the medial surface. The CenterSurface method will enable one to analyze regional LV wall motion or wall thickening in a uniform manner, independent of patient-to-patient differences in LV size and shape, and using data from any tomographic imaging modality. >
Planning a Global Array of Broadband Seismic Arrays

A diverse group of more than 70 seismologists met for 2 days in Raleigh, N.C., to report on recent innovations in seismic array methods and to discuss the future of seismic arrays in global seismology. The workshop was sponsored by the Incorporated Research Institutions for Seismology (IRIS), with U.S. National Science Foundation funding. Participants included representatives of existing array research groups in Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Norway, and the United States, with individuals from academia, government, and industry. The workshop was organized by the authors of this meeting report, Pablo Ampeuro (California Institute of Technology), and Colleen Dalton (Boston University), along with IRIS staff support.
A Review of “Abstracts and Abstracting: A Genre and Set of Skills for the Twenty-First Century”

Abstracting education (usually combined with indexing) has long been a part of the library and information science curriculum. Tibor Koltay's book is aimed at information professionals who write ab...
Lenalidomide and secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia: a case series

Lenalidomide is often used in the maintenance setting for multiple myeloma and has been linked to the development of secondary primary malignancies. The mechanism of lenalidomide causing secondary malignancies has not been fully elucidated, but case reports and phase 3 trials have captured this uncommon occurrence. A case series describing development of secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia in patients receiving lenalidomide maintenance therapy is presented. Based on data published in the literature thus far and commonalities among patients in this case series, secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia is likely duration related rather than dose related. Increased cognizance of this secondary malignancy will allow for a more accurate characterization of its true incidence. Regimens for acute lymphoblastic leukemia can be used for management of secondary acute lymphoblastic leukemia with plan for stem cell transplantation. Further studies are needed to identify risk factors for development of secondary malignancy and the best management approach for these patients. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Evolution and Age Relations of Karst Landscapes

Any karst landscape is a work in progress. The observed evolution of the landscape is dictated by competing rate processes of surface denudation, stream downcutting, cave development, and tectonic uplift. Quantitative data on these processes, applied to two physiographic provinces of the Appalachian Mountains of eastern United States gives ages and time scales that are in agreement with previous geomorphic interpretation. The results are anchored, very loosely, by the few dates that have been established for cave sediments. Unfortunately, the measured rates vary over an order of magnitude as a result of local circumstances making regional interpretation a rough approximation at best.
Enhancing siRNA effects in T cells for adoptive immunotherapy

Genetically manipulated T cells can be endowed with novel functions to obtain desired in vivo effects after adoptive transfer. This genetic approach is being used to introduce genes such as chimeric immunoreceptors and tumor-specific T cells are being evaluated in early phase clinic trials. However, the ability to alter the genetic programming of T cells also presents opportunities to remove unwanted T-cell functions in order to augment an anti-tumor effect or endow resistance such as to HIV infection. Specifically, the use of RNA interference (RNAi) to disrupt gene expression by targeting either the mRNA or the promoter, provides investigators with many new opportunities to genetically modify T cells that should prove useful in future applications of adoptive immunotherapy.
Integrability of the super-chiral model with a Wess-Zumino term

Abstract It is demonmined that the two-dimensional super-symmetric chiral model with Wess-Zumino term has all the classical integrability properties: the existence of linear systems, infinite conservation laws, Riemann-Hilbert transformations, Kac-Moody algebra, Bianchi-Backlund transformations, Riccati equations and their relations to the original linear system.