cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Predictors of Event-Driven Regimen Choice in Current PrEP Users and Sexual Behavior Characteristics of MSM Receiving Sexual Health Services in New York City.

While daily PrEP is undeniably effective, broad-based adoption remains low. Non-daily PrEP modalities, like event-driven PrEP (ED PrEP), offer an efficient way to deliver PrEP’s protection to priority populations. We carried out an at-home survey with patients receiving sexual health services in a LGBTQ-clinic in New York (n = 147). Participants answered questions on ED PrEP awareness and preferences, sexual behavior, and sexual preparatory practices. Only 50% of our sample were aware of ED PrEP, about 30% met eligibility for ED PrEP, and 35% chose ED PrEP as a good HIV prevention option for them. In a robust Poisson model (n = 128), endorsement of ED PrEP as a good prevention choice was significantly more common in participants who were uninsured, preferred taking PrEP only when needed, and those who had concerns about side-effects. Furthermore, participants reported many sexual behaviors patterns and preparatory practices compatible with use of ED PrEP.
Life-Markers and Personal Values

Life-markers are points of inflection: some are shared (e.g., birth, baptism, graduation, our first job); others are yours alone (e.g., a book, a person). Personal life-markers hold one-of-a-kind energy that frames our values and imbues our lives with sense, coherence, and meaning.
Identifying Alternative Antibiotics that Elute from Calcium Sulfate Beads for Treatment of Orthopedic Infections

There has been increasing interest in the use of a synthetic absorbable calcium sulfate (CaSO4 ) for local antibiotic delivery in orthopaedic infections. The purpose of this study was to quantify elution kinetics of six antibiotics (amikacin, meropenem, fosfomycin, minocycline, cefazolin, and dalbavancin) from a clinically relevant CaSO4 bead model and compare elution and antimicrobial activity to the current clinical gold standards: vancomycin and tobramycin. Antibiotic-loaded synthetic CaSO4 beads were immersed in phosphate buffered saline and incubated at 37°C. Eluent was harvested at eight time points over 28 days. Antibiotic concentrations were measured by high performance liquid chromatography to quantify elution rates. CaSO4 beads demonstrated burst release kinetics. Dalbavancin, cefazolin, and minocycline all demonstrated similar elution profiles to vancomycin. Amikacin and meropenem demonstrated favorable elution profiles and durations of above-minimum inhibitory concentration when compared to tobramycin. Clinical Significance: This study provides important novel data regarding the utility of amikacin, meropenem and dalbavancin as alternative choices to place in CaSO4 carriers when treating orthopaedic infections.
A Cadaver-Based Anatomy Course for Advanced Art Students

The history of modern anatomy, from the Renaissance on, is closely linked to changes that art was undergoing at the same time. A number of artists, such as Da Vinci and Michelangelo, personally per...
Making Law in the United States Courts of Appeals: Law Making in a Hierarchical Judicial System

On June 10, 1996, the U.S. Supreme Court handed down its decision in the case of Whren v. United States . Whren and a co-defendant, accused of federal drug law violations, had been convicted in District Court and, after appealing to the U.S. Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit, had lost there too. At both courts they had requested that the drugs found in Whren's car be excluded from evidence at their trial, contending that the arresting police officers' purported basis for stopping them – a minor traffic infraction – was in fact a pretext, employed because the officers wished to search for drugs but had no probable cause to do so. Their argument now failed for a third time. According to a unanimous Supreme Court, “the District Court found that the officers had probable cause to believe that petitioners had violated the traffic code. That rendered the stop reasonable under the Fourth Amendment, the evidence thereby discovered admissible, and the upholding of the convictions by the Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit correct” (819). When viewed as a single Supreme Court case or even a series of cases involving a single defendant, these events probably seem unremarkable. In reality, though, they constitute only the final chapter in a complex, intriguing legal saga involving numerous defendants and courts. The first chapter began eleven years earlier, on June 5, 1985. Early that morning, two men driving along Interstate 95 in Florida were stopped by a trooper from the Highway Patrol.
Chapter 6 Conclusion

[The lecturing of Boltzmann] was the most beautiful and stimulating thing I have ever heard.... He was so enthusiastic about everything he taught us that one left every lecture with the feeling that a completely new and wonderful world had been revealed.
Synthesis and Assessment of Electron Collision Data

In this chapter we describe the three major components of our effortto provide electron-impact reference data relevant to plasma processing,namely, (i) the synthesis, assessment, and recommendation of electroncollision data, (ii) the deduction of unavailable data and understandingfrom the assessed data, including identification of new measurements anddata needs, and (3) the dissemination and updating of the database.
Endoscopic Ultrasound of Ampullary and Duodenal Lesions

Neoplastic transformation of the intestinal mucosa occurs more commonly in the ampulla of Vater than any other area in the small intestines. Given its proximity to vital structures of the pancreaticobiliary system, management of pathology involving the ampulla of Vater is a clinical challenge. This chapter reviews the role of EUS in the evaluation of different pathology involving the ampullary and duodenal segments of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
Innate Natural Killer Cell Responses to Infection

This chapter describes and reviews the functions of natural killer (NK) cells, primarily from studies of their antitumor properties, and discusses recent advances in the understanding of NK cell responses in host defense against pathogens. The in vitro NK cell proliferative response to high concentrations of interleukin-2 (IL-2) is unlikely to be mimicked in vivo. The role of NK cells in infection is highlighted by the case of an adolescent woman with a selective NK cell deficiency in whom there were frequent, recurrent septicemic episodes due to uncontrolled viral infections, including cytomegalovirus (CMV), varicella-zoster virus, and herpes simplex virus. The NK cell compartment is not fully developed at birth, as indicated by lower natural killing by human cord blood lymphocytes and corroborated by studies on the ontogeny of NK cells in rodents. Classically, NK cells kill their targets by the triggered and directional release of preformed cytoplasmic granules containing perforin and granzymes, a process termed granule exocytosis. The role of NK cells in infection control is related to their receptors that regulate the natural killing function. The inhibitory receptors do not explain all aspects of NK cell specificity. As predicted by the two-receptor model, NK cell recognition also appears to involve activation receptors. The distribution of NK cells and recruitment therefore may be related to organ-specific differences in the NK cell effector mechanism controlling murine CMV (MCMV) replication.
Viral Replication in Cell Cultures

Adsorption of plaque-forming dengue-2 virus on KB cell monolayers follows essentially similar kinetics at 37° and at 28° C. At either temperature, the maximum number of PFU adsorbed is reached between 90 and 120 minutes after infection. However, it is reduced about 2-fold at the lower temperature (Schulze and Schlesinger, 1963a). According to Stim (1970a), adsorption is promoted by magnesium, reduced by calcium ions. The nature of cellular receptors has not been identified. The viral attachment site is likely to reside in the envelope glycoprotein (VP-3).
Nanophotonics for optoelectronic system integration

This study explores the unique capabilities and advantages of nanotechnology in developing next generation integrated photonic chips. The described approach includes design, modeling and simulations of example components and devices, their nanofabrication, followed by validation via characterization and testing of the fabricated devices. The latter exploits the recently constructed near field complex amplitude imaging tool. The long-range goal is to develop a range of photonic nanostructures- including artificially birefringent and resonant devices, photonic crystals with defects to tailor spectral filters, metallodielectric composites, and nanostructures for spatial field localization to enhance optical nonlinearities- to facilitate on-chip system integration through compatible materials and fabrication processes.
Reducing Colonization and Eggborne Transmission of Salmonella Enteritidis in Layer Chickens by In-Feed Supplementation of Caprylic Acid

Salmonella Enteritidis (SE) is a major foodborne pathogen responsible for causing gastrointestinal infections in humans, predominantly due to the consumption of contaminated eggs. In layer hens, SE colonizes the intestine and migrates to various organs, including the oviduct, thereby leading to egg yolk and shell contamination. This study investigated the efficacy of caprylic acid (CA), a medium-chain fatty acid, in reducing SE colonization and egg contamination in layers. Caprylic acid was supplemented in the feed at 0%, 0.7%, or 1% (vol/wt) from day 1 of the experiment. Birds were challenged with 10(10) log colony-forming units (CFU)/mL of SE by crop gavage on day 10, and re-inoculated (10(10) log CFU/mL) on day 35. After 7 days post first inoculation, eggs were collected daily and tested for SE on the shell and in the yolk separately. The birds were sacrificed on day 66 to determine SE colonization in the ceca, liver, and oviduct. The consumer acceptability of eggs was also determined by triangle test. The experiment was replicated twice. In-feed supplementation of CA (0.7% and 1%) to birds consistently decreased SE on eggshell and in the yolk (p 0.05). The results suggest that CA could potentially be used as a feed additive to reduce eggborne transmission of SE.
New macrophage models of Gaucher disease offer new tools for drug development

Gaucher disease is an inherited enzyme deficiency resulting in the lysosomal accumulation of specific glycolipids in macrophages and, in some cases, neurons. While current treatments are effective at reducing this glycolipid storage in macrophages, they are expensive and ineffective in treating neurological manifestations of the disease, driving the search for novel therapeutics. Moreover, mutations in GBA1, the gene implicated in Gaucher disease, are an important risk factor for the development of Parkinson disease and related disorders, an association that has further heightened interest in Gaucher disease research. However, the development of therapeutic strategies has been hampered by a shortage of appropriate cellular models of Gaucher disease. We have generated two novel macrophage models of Gaucher disease, one through the differentiation of peripheral blood monocytes from patients with Gaucher disease and the other through the differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells derived from patient fibroblasts. Both disease models demonstrate similar cellular phenotypes and exhibit extensive glycolipid storage when exposed to exogenous lipid sources such as erythrocyte membranes. Furthermore, we have used these models to confirm the efficacy of a novel small molecule in clearing glycolipid storage and restoring normal macrophage function. These results demonstrate the usefulness of these models in exploring new therapeutics for Gaucher disease and related disorders.
Structure-based design of ligands for protein basic domains: application to the HIV-1 Tat protein.

A methodology has been developed for designing ligands to bind a flexible basic protein domain where the structure of the domain is essentially known. It is based on an empirical binding free energy function developed for highly charged complexes and on Monte Carlo simulations in internal coordinates with both the ligand and the receptor being flexible. HIV-1 encodes a transactivating regulatory protein called Tat. Binding of the basic domain of Tat to TAR RNA is required for efficient transcription of the viral genome. The structure of a biologically active peptide containing the Tat basic RNA-binding domain is available from NMR studies. The goal of the current project is to design a ligand which will bind to that basic domain and potentially inhibit the TAR-Tat interaction. The basic domain contains six arginine and two lysine residues. Our strategy was to design a ligand for arginine first and then a superligand for the basic domain by joining arginine ligands with a linker. Several possible arginine ligands were obtained by searching the Available Chemicals Directory with DOCK 3.5 software. Phytic acid, which can potentially bind multiple arginines, was chosen as a building block for the superligand. Calorimetric binding studies of several compounds to methylguanidine and Arg-/Lys-containing peptides were performed. The data were used to develop an empirical binding free energy function for prediction of affinity of the ligands for the Tat basic domain. Modeling of the conformations of the complexes with both the superligand and the basic domain being flexible has been carried out via Biased Probability Monte Carlo (BPMC) simulations in internal coordinates (ICM 2.6 suite of programs). The simulations used parameters to ensure correct folding, i.e., consistent with the experimental NMR structure of a 25-residue Tat peptide, from a random starting conformation. Superligands for the basic domain were designed by joining together two molecules of phytic acid with peptidic and peptidomimetic linkers. The linkers were refined by varying the length and side chains of the linking residues, carrying out BPMC simulations, and evaluation of the binding free energy for the best energy conformation. The dissociation constant of the best ligand designed is estimated to be in the low- to mid-nanomolar range.
Inter-personnel communications and network security procedures

This paper proposes an approach to creating domains in organizations based upon a level of information exchange between their employees. Network security procedures that are created for entire organization are very often too restrictive [1,2]. Using our proposed approach, the security procedures (filtering, file access, etc.) can be developed in different ways for different domains.
Assessing the utility of cancer-registry-processed cause of death in calculating cancer-specific survival.

BACKGROUND: Cancer registries use algorithms to process cause of death (COD) data from death certificates, but uncertainties remain regarding the accuracy and utility of those data in calculating cancer-specific survival (CSS). Because it is impractical to reconfirm the COD through meticulous review of the primary medical records, the observed cancer deaths could be compared with the number of attributed deaths, as estimated by using a relative survival (RS) approach, to determine utility in CSS estimation. METHODS: Six major cancer types were evaluated using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) data (1988-1999 cohort). The COD utility was quantified by using the observed-to-expected ratio (O/E ratio) approach, which was calculated as the SEER-documented observed number of cancer-specific deaths divided by the number of expected deaths attributed to the malignancies as estimated using a RS approach. Favorable utility would have an O/E ratio close to 1. RESULTS: In total, 338,445 patients were identified; and their O/E ratios were 0.97, 0.98, 0.90, 1.07, 1.02, and 0.92 for breast, colorectal, lung, melanoma, prostate, and pancreas cancer, respectively. O/E ratios varied slightly with patients' age, race, and tumor stage, but not by sex. CSS for patients with lung cancer appeared to be overestimated considerably. Patients with multiple cancer diagnoses had poor O/E ratios compared with those who had only 1 cancer. CONCLUSIONS: The utility of COD in calculating CSS depended variously on the risk of cancer-related mortality and nontumor factors. However, the impact of this variation on CSS generally was small. The current results indicated that the COD assigned by cancer registries has acceptable validity, and CSS is considered an acceptable surrogate for RS in most circumstances. Cancer 2013. © 2013 American Cancer Society.
The Molecular Composition of Dense Interstellar Clouds

The dense interstellar clouds in our Milky Way Galaxy and other galaxies are the most massive molecular objects known in the Universe. Their composition and chemical evolution are, in consequence, fundamental aspects of nature whose investigation is basic to space chemistry. Because the physical conditions in these clouds are quite extreme by the standards of the terrestrial laboratory, they provide a chemical environment which is quite different from that normally encountered on Earth.
ADJUNCTIVE THERAPIES WITH ETHNICALLY DIVERSE POPULATIONS

Publisher Summary There are multiple components and domains to consider when working effectively with diverse populations, and diversity is not limited to ethnicity. The culturally competent provider needs to take mental health status and physical health issues into account when treating a client. This chapter focuses on the physical and mental health challenges faced by individuals of ethnically diverse groups as well as subsequent treatment-seeking behaviors. A number of different adjunctive treatments are utilized to manage a variety of physical and mental disorders. To effectively treat members of ethnically diverse populations, it is imperative that providers are knowledgeable about the possible adjunctive therapies that may be utilized. Health care providers who hope to retain persons from ethnically diverse backgrounds in treatment must create a therapeutic environment where diversity is accepted, rather than tolerated, and should find a way to integrate principles of cultural competency into standard health care practice. The health care provider who is culturally competent is able to provide insight regarding the influence of race and ethnicity on mainstream health care practices and adjunctive treatments, and is able to translate theory into practice, this translation manifested by the design and execution of culturally appropriate interventions. There are standards of multicultural competency that every health care provider should continually strive to adhere to as a professional. Culturally skilled therapists are aware of how their own cultural background and experiences have influenced attitudes, values, and biases and maintain a heightened awareness of the challenges that socio-race, racial identity development, gender bias, and age present for clients undergoing treatment.
A Wealth Tax for the States

In his landmark work, Capital in the Twenty-First Century, Thomas Piketty proposed a worldwide net worth tax as a counterweight to inequality. He maintains the levels of inequality we are approaching are politically unsustainable. In the United States, enacting a federal net worth tax would necessitate passing a constitutional amendment unless it is apportioned among the states. But the states are free to impose a wealth tax by statute on their citizens.
Cancer Immunity: Lessons From Infectious Diseases

Innate and adaptive immunity are activated by both infections and tumors. The immune cells infiltrating infected tissues are similar to those infiltrating neoplastic tissues, but their function in the first setting is quite different from that in the latter. Infected tissues are usually characterized by an acute inflammatory environment that favors the generation of protective immunity, whereas tumors are characterized by chronic inflammation that suppresses antitumor immune responses and promotes tumor growth and escape from the immune system. During resolution of the immune response to infection or in chronic infections, immunosuppressive mechanisms that are typical of the tumor microenvironment are observed in infected tissues. Conversely, immunotherapy and chemotherapy may redirect the tumor microenvironment and allow the activation of effective anticancer immune responses. The transformation of neoplastic cells is determined by intrinsic genetic alteration but tumor progression is controlled by the tumor microenvironment and by the inflammatory and immune response to the tumors. Commensal microorganisms live in great numbers in all our barrier epithelia and control inflammation and immunity both locally and systemically. The commensal microbiota is essential for optimal immune response to pathogens and for the establishment of autoimmunity. It also modulates inflammation and immune responses that affect tumor growth and it is required for the effectiveness of anticancer immunotherapy and chemotherapy.
Note on the Brown Competing Response Theory of Perceptual Defense

In his recent book Brown (1961) has presented a competing response theory of perceptual defense which assumes thac tachistoscopically presented taboo words simultaneously arouse tendencies to speak and to not speak. The more vulgar the word, the greater is the inhibitory tendency to not speak. The principle of stimulus generalization is pertinent in thac both the tendency to speak and to not speak are taken to be maximal when exposure time is long, and to be weaker as a function of decreases in exposure time. The conflicting tendencies summate algebraically, and it is assumed that the positive must exceed the negative by a certain fixed amount for the response to become overt. For details of the deduction of higher recognition thresholds for taboo as opposed to neutral words, the reader is referred to Brown (1961, pp. 315- 319), since the book presents three figures which are important to the understanding of the theory. The purpose of the present paper is to point out thac one central assumption is never verbalized, but is implied in the figures. This is the assumption that the positive tendencies have a steeper generalization gradient than the negative or inhibitory tendencies. Were it not for this assumption it does not appear that the theory could generate the deduction in question. It is of interest that the assumption made by Brown is directly opposed to the statement of Miller (1951), ". . . the gradient of avoidance is steeper than that of approach." The present writer is, of course, assuming that the Brown positive and negative tendencies are directly analogous to approach and avoidance. Applying the Miller assumption to the taboo word situation, we would generate the prediction that taboo words would have lower thresholds than would neutral, obviously not the prediction Brown is seeking. But, the Miller assumption is decidedly the more commonly accepted one. It is conceivable that there are special factors in the taboo word situation that would make it inappropriate, in spite of the fact that it has proven useful in so many other contexts. If there are factors that make the Brown assumption more tenable in this situation, it appears desirable to have them clearly specified.
Assessment of Aqua MODIS and AIRS TIR band L1B radiances using ER-2-based observations during TX-2002

During the Terra-Aqua experiment -- 2002 (TX-2002), a NASA ER-2 was used to underfly the EOS Aqua satellite over the Gulf of Mexico for the purpose of gaining insight on the accuracy of MODIS and AIRS thermal infrared (TIR) band radiances. The ER-2 payload included the MODIS Airborne Simulator (MAS) and the Scanning High resolution Interferometer Sounder (SHIS); these instruments have flown previously on the ER-2 for assessing Terra MODIS TIR band radiances. On November 21, 2002, the ER-2 flew directly under the Aqua satellite, with MODIS and AIRS, as it swept over a clear sky region of the Gulf of Mexico. The MAS and SHIS observations were used to simulate the MODIS thermal IR band radiances for the warm (~ 295 K) Gulf of Mexico scene. The results of comparing the simulated MODIS radiances with the MODIS observations show Aqua MODIS TIR bands are performing well. The residuals (MAS - MODIS) in most bands are within or very near specification. The split window 11 and 12 μm band residuals are small and very close to one another at -0.15°C and -0.13°C, respectively. The comparisons suggest that MODIS LWIR CO2 sensitive bands 35 (13.9 μm) and 36 (14.2μm) may be calibrated slightly warm by about 1°C. Early direct comparisons between MODIS and AIRS on Aqua also suggest that the MODIS bands 35 and 36 may be calibrated slightly warm.
ACCUMULATION OF LIPID AND NONLIPID CONSTITUENTS IN RABBIT ATHEROMA.

Summary Six groups of 10 rabbits each were fed 1% cholesterol for periods up to 4 months. Free and esterified cholesterol of the thoracic intima were observed to increase exponentially early in the experiment. The rate of cholesterol accumulation was found to depend on time of exposure to atherogenic diet as well as on serum cholesterol level. The data suggest that height of serum cholesterol level will not substitute for length of exposure to cholesterol feeding. Aortic phospholipids also increased exponentially after an initial lag period. Aortic triglycerides, DNA and protein showed relatively minor changes during the same period. It is concluded that these changes are consistent with the view that aortic phospholipids increase in response to cholesterol infiltration and that the increase does not reflect cellular proliferation.
THE “NATURE” OF URBANISM ON THE NEW URBANIST FRONTIER: SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT, OR DEFENSE OF THE SUBURBAN DREAM?

This study critically analyzes the ideas about nature within New Urbanism and its principal approach, the Traditional Neighborhood Development (TND). Although the language and appearance of New Urbanism appear quite progressive, this paper demonstrates the ways that New-Urbanism-as-practice is politically conservative and does not constitute a more sustainable pattern of urban development. My argument is twofold. First, using Prairie Crossing, Illinois—a new TND and “conservation community” located in suburban Chicago—I show how the environmentalism of the New Urbanism is narrow in its focus and rooted squarely in the defense of privately defined middle-class amenities and lifestyles. Second, I demonstrate how the nostalgic impulse at Prairie Crossing results in a highly problematic recollection of the Midwestern White-settlement frontier. I conclude by arguing that this type of development does not constitute a good model of sustainability. Rather, nature here is mobilized to defend the essence of the su...
A Local Citation Analysis of Mathematical and Statistical Dissertations

A citation analysis of the 1980-2002 mathematics and statistics dissertations at an Ohio university was compared with citation analyses of other science disciplines published in the literature. Mathematics and statistics students were found to use their journal literature less frequently than highly research oriented fields like chemistry and biology and more frequently than applied fields like engineering and computer science. The same general trend among the disciplines was seen when title dispersion was examined. Mathematics and statistics used more journal titles than chemistry and fewer journal titles than engineering. Collection managers can use the results of this study to protect a larger core journal collection for mathematics and to keep monograph purchasing at an adequate level.
Synthesis of nuclear and chromosomal proteins on light polyribosomes during cleavage in the sea urchin embryo

Abstract Early development of sea urchin embryos includes about 210 nuclear replications, all of which occur in the absence of net change in mass. Electron microscope autoradiograms and direct analysis of isolated nuclei and cytoplasm show that a large fraction (40 to 60%) of the proteins synthesized during cleavage accumulate in the nuclei. Most or all of these proteins are metabolically stable and are associated with chromosomes. More than 40% of the nuclear protein synthesized during the period of rapid cell division is acid-soluble. We had shown earlier that a prominent class of slowly sedimenting polyribosomes, accumulating during the cleavage period, is active in translation, as are all other polyribosomes in these cells. When the nascent chains are pulse-labeled with [14C]lysine and [3H]tryptophan, the slowly sedimenting polyribosomes are distinguished by a greatly elevated ratio of 14C to 3H. Inhibition of cleavage and of DNA synthesis by hydroxyurea is accompanied by a sharp decrease in this ratio. High lysine and low tryptophan content of the peptides synthesized by slowly sedimenting polyribosomes, and the coupling of that synthesis to DNA synthesis, indicates that histones are primary products. When embryos have their transcription blocked by actinomycin D, they carry out protein synthesis exclusively on templates stored in the cytoplasm during oogenesis. The drug inhibits the accumulation and the rise to prominence of slowly sedimenting polyribosomes, suggesting that these contain mainly new, rather than maternal, messages. Treated embryos were studied by electron microscope autoradiography and by cell fractionation. Accumulation of new proteins in their nuclei is 20 to 40% less than in the controls. Synthesis of acid-soluble nuclear proteins is inhibited with particular severity. Labeling of transcription-blocked embryos with lysine and tryptophan reveals a marked reduction in the ratio asymmetry, although it is clear that some histone-like peptides continue to be assembled in actinomycin D. Hence new nuclear proteins, major products of translation during cleavage, are synthesized largely but not exclusively on embryonic RNA templates.
Direct Control of Germline Stem Cell Division and Cyst Growth by Neural Insulin in Drosophila

Stem cells reside in specialized niches that provide signals required for their maintenance and division. Tissue-extrinsic signals can also modify stem cell activity, although this is poorly understood. Here, we report that neural-derived Drosophila insulin-like peptides (DILPs) directly regulate germline stem cell division rate, demonstrating that signals mediating the ovarian response to nutritional input can modify stem cell activity in a niche-independent manner. We also reveal a crucial direct role of DILPs in controlling germline cyst growth and vitellogenesis.
Patterns of Body Temperature, Activity, and Reproductive Behavior in a Tropical Murid Rodent, Arvicanthis niloticus

Nile grass rats (Arvicanthis niloticus), are murid rodents from tropical Africa that exhibit diurnal patterns of wheel-running. In the present paper we describe the temporal organization of several other behaviors in these animals, as well as daily rhythms in their body temperature. In the first experiment, we characterized rhythms of gross motor activity and core body temperature in four adult females implanted with telemetry transmitters and kept on a 12:12 light:dark (LD) cycle. In all animals body temperature and gross motor activity were clearly diurnal, with peaks often occurring around dawn and dusk. In the second experiment we recorded the times of mating and parturition in eight mating couples housed in a 12:12 LD cycle. We monitored animals 24 h a day using a time-lapse video recording system, beginning when males and females were paired, and ending after the birth of the second litter and the associated post-partum copulation. Mating almost always began just before the lights came on, and parturition generally occurred in an "anticrepuscular" pattern, outside of the periods around dawn and dusk. Thus, these animals exhibit an interesting mosaic of temporal adaptations, with some crepuscular tendencies expressed within a predominantly diurnal pattern.
Texture and grain-boundary evolutions of continuous cast and direct chill cast AA 5052 aluminum alloy during cold rolling

Commercially produced hot bands of continuous cast (CC) and direct chill (DC) cast AA 5052 aluminum alloy were cold rolled to different reductions from 10 pct through 90 pct. Evolution of deformation textures in the CC and DC materials was investigated by using three-dimensional orientation distribution functions (ODFs) that were determined by X-ray diffraction. The electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) technique was adopted to keep track of the evolution of grain boundaries of CC and DC materials during the early stages of cold rolling (≤40 pct thickness reduction). Results showed that the Cube cluster is found in annealed DC hot band. A much stronger Cube orientation is found in DC hot band than in CC hot band. The cold rolling texture evolutions for CC and DC materials follow the same path. The α and β fibers become well developed after 60 pct cold rolling in both CC and DC materials. The highest intensity along the β fiber (skeleton line) is located near the S orientation {123}〈634〉 in both materials. There exists a path by which the copper orientation (112) $$[\overline {11} 1]$$ develops at the expense of the Cube orientation (001) $$[0\bar 10]$$ with an increase in cold rolling reductions. Low-angle boundaries with misorientation angles between 1.5 and 5 deg are rapidly increased during the early stage of cold rolling. There is no evidence of the development of twin and twin-related boundaries in either CC or DC materials when the cold rolling reductions are less than 40 pct.
Nonlinear Susceptibility Magnitude Imaging of Magnetic Nanoparticles.

Abstract This study demonstrates a method for improving the resolution of susceptibility magnitude imaging (SMI) using spatial information that arises from the nonlinear magnetization characteristics of magnetic nanoparticles (mNPs). In this proof-of-concept study of nonlinear SMI, a pair of drive coils and several permanent magnets generate applied magnetic fields and a coil is used as a magnetic field sensor. Sinusoidal alternating current (AC) in the drive coils results in linear mNP magnetization responses at primary frequencies, and nonlinear responses at harmonic frequencies and intermodulation frequencies. The spatial information content of the nonlinear responses is evaluated by reconstructing tomographic images with sequentially increasing voxel counts using the combined linear and nonlinear data. Using the linear data alone it is not possible to accurately reconstruct more than 2 voxels with a pair of drive coils and a single sensor. However, nonlinear SMI is found to accurately reconstruct 12 voxels ( R 2 =0.99, CNR=84.9) using the same physical configuration. Several time-multiplexing methods are then explored to determine if additional spatial information can be obtained by varying the amplitude, phase and frequency of the applied magnetic fields from the two drive coils. Asynchronous phase modulation, amplitude modulation, intermodulation phase modulation, and frequency modulation all resulted in accurate reconstruction of 6 voxels ( R 2 >0.9) indicating that time multiplexing is a valid approach to further increase the resolution of nonlinear SMI. The spatial information content of nonlinear mNP responses and the potential for resolution enhancement with time multiplexing demonstrate the concept and advantages of nonlinear SMI.
Recordings from the slow zone of reentry during burst pacing versus programmed premature stimulation for initiation of reentrant ventricular tachycardia in patients with coronary artery disease

Abstract Programmed premature stimulation and burst pacing were compared for initiation of ventricular tachycardia (VT) in 16 patients with inducible sustained monomorphic VT. In all patients VT could be induced by programmed stimulation with 2 or 3 extrastimuli. On the other hand, initiation of VT by burst pacing was dependent on the length of the train; only 2 to 4 of the 11 trains tested could induce VT in any single patient. Recordings obtained from the slow zone of reentry showed that programmed premature stimulation that induced VT resulted in a critical degree of conduction delay as revealed by lengthening of local fractionated etectrograms spanning 70 to 100% of the diastolic interval. Similarly, the last beat of a burst pacing train that induced VT was always followed by a similar degree of local conduction delay, whereas trains that failed to induce VT were followed by a lesser delay. It is concluded that although programmed stimulation with up to 3 extrastimuli was consistently successful in inducing VT, burst pacing succeeded in only 26% of the trials and was dependent on the length of the train, which varied from one patient to the other. Similar to what was shown previously in the experimental model of reentrant VT, burst pacing could initiate, conceal, terminate, and reinitiate reentry depending on the length of the train.
Optimal parameters for the treatment of leg veins using Nd:YAG lasers at 1064 nm.

Summary Background The treatment of large vessels such as leg veins is successfully performed in clinical practice using pulsed Nd:YAG lasers. However, it is still unclear how laser parameters such as wavelength, fluence and pulse duration influence vessel destruction in leg veins. Objectives To elucidate the governing parameters in selective photothermolysis of large vessels. Methods A recently developed mathematical model for photothermolysis has been adapted for the treatment of leg veins. The model was used to analyse the effectiveness of the selective photothermolysis process in laser treatment of leg veins by Nd:YAG at 1064 nm. The efficiency of laser-induced vessel heating was defined as a ratio between the absorbed and delivered energy. Results The efficiency improved with increasing vessel diameter, in agreement with clinical findings in various studies. The pulse duration made a minor contribution for laser fluences of 100–400 J cm−2, whereas the efficiency was better for a small spot. The use of moderate fluences of 100–200 J cm−2 reduced excess dermis heating and pain. Conclusions We provide reference parameters for optimal treatment of leg veins using Nd:YAG lasers at 1064 nm. Our model predicts a maximal efficiency of a range of fluences (100–200 J cm−2) and pulse durations (10–100 ms).
The Effect of Aerosols/Clouds upon the Atmospheric Rotational Raman Scatter Spectrum as Measured by the Ozone Monitoring Instrument (OMI)

Presented are calculations of the sky radiance spectrum for an atmosphere containing molecular and Mie scatterers, and includes both elastic and inelastic scattering (via rotational Raman scattering from molecular scatterers) at OMI spectral resolution.
Highly concentrated ceramic binder suspensions. Wet milling processes and technological problems

We analyzed the production processes for obtaining HCBS by wet milling in ceramic mills. The differences between the methods involving single-stage and multistage (step-by-step) charging of the pulverizable material were shown.
Recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhages leading to the discovery of ocular adnexal lymphoma.

Abstract Background Subconjunctival hemorrhages commonly occur idiopathically or from causes including ocular surgery, trauma, anticoagulation medications, or a Valsalva maneuver. When a hemorrhage persists or recurs, a more extensive list of differential diagnoses must be considered. This report details a case in which persistent subconjunctival hemorrhages led to the discovery of ocular adnexal lymphoma. Case Report A 68-year-old white man presented with a 7- to 8-month history of a recurrent red left eye. There was no associated pain, discharge, or change in vision over that time. The right eye was never involved. An ocular examination of the left eye found a mild nasal subconjunctival hemorrhage and a salmon-pink–colored lesion involving the superior conjunctiva. Clinical findings, photos, magnetic resonance images, and histopathology results are presented and reviewed. The signs, symptoms, incidence, pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis of ocular adnexal lymphoma are also discussed. Conclusion Lymphomas can occur in a variety of sites in the body. It is well documented that primary tumors can originate in the ocular adnexa. Although not typical, the first sign in this case was a recurrent subconjunctival hemorrhage. The importance of a thorough ocular examination is paramount for a patient's ocular health and possibly the patient's life.
A pair potential analysis of dilute solutions of hydrogen in transition metals, alloys and compounds: Unrelaxed lattice model

Abstract Hydrogen-metal potentials have been derived which are applicable to the prediction of partial molar energies of solution of hydrogen ( E H ∞ ) at infinite dilution in hosts having the A1 or A2 crystal structures as basis structures, e.g. L12 and B2, respectively. These potentials are based on fixed reference lattices, i.e. unrelaxed positions of host atoms at ideal site coordinates. The dependence of E H ∞ the lattice parameter in Pd-based alloy hosts is quantitatively accounted for if H occupies sites surrounded by Pd atoms only. Similarly, the E H ∞ values observed for certain A2-type (b.c.c.) alloy hosts correspond to those predicted for the most stable sites, which are the tetrahedral sites surrounded by four Ti atoms in 50 Nb-50 Ti and 50 Ti-50 Mo and by four Mo atoms in 70 Nb-30 Mo. Good agreement is also obtained between observed and predicted values of E H ∞ in the B2-type hosts FeTi, CoTi and NiTi. Contrary to previous experience, the short-range hydrogen-metal potential is not transferable between the Al and A2 structures, although the short-range potential in A2 hosts and the long-range potential in Al hosts yield the same predicted lattice parameter and cohesive energy for the corresponding metallic hydrogen. The prediction is made that FeRh (B2) should be similar to Fe Ti (B2) as a host for hydrogen, i.e. it should have the same E H ∞ value. Also, it is predicted that CoHf (B2) should attract hydrogen much more strongly than either component, i.e. a predicted E H ∞ of −80 000 cal (g atom)−1 compared with −60 000 cal (g atom H)−1 observed for Hf and −44 000 cal (g atom H)−1 observed for Co. The model provides an explanation for the Lundin effect and for exceptions to this effect. It also explains why ∂ E H ∂n values are negative for metallic hosts and suggests why these values are positive for certain compound hosts.
The oxyhemoglobin dissociation curve in type A and type B COPD

Patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have been clinically separated into Type A and Type B COPD. Type A patients are characterized by the presence of anatomical emphysema or an increased total lung capacity, low sputum production, late onset of cough, rare hypercapnia, rare cor pulmonale and absent polycythemia. In contrast, Type B patients are characterized by roentgenographic evidence of chronic inflammation or smaller total lung capacity, significant sputum production, frequent hypercapnia with cor pulmonale and the presence of polycythemia. We studied whole blood oxygen transport (P50, 2,3-DPG, and ATP) in 11 Type A patients and 13 Type B patients. Whole blood oxygen transport was not different in the two groups of patients. Type A patients with higher hemoglobin values had a lower 2,3-DPG. Type A patients with a higher hemoglobin value also had a higher ATP level. In all patients, Type A and Type B, 2,3-DPG was inversely related to hemoglobin concentration. Despite other distinguishing clinical and laboratory characteristics, whole blood oxygen transport was not different in Type A and Type B patients.
Not So Fast, My Friend: Biases in College Football Polls

The national championship game in Division IA football is selected in part by voters. Are the voters biased? Examining all weekly rankings from 2004 to 2008, the authors find the following results. Voters in the USA Today (Coaches’) Poll tend to rank their team’s recent opponents 4.3 places higher than the average voting coach and rank the recent opponents of their alma mater 3.2 places higher. Additionally, both coaches and sports media (AP Poll) overassess teams who play in certain Bowl Championship Series (BCS) conferences relative to non-BCS conferences and reward ‘‘running up the score’’ by voting teams with high offensive output above their peers.
Correlation of late Pleistocene glaciation in the western United States with North Atlantic Heinrich events

A survey of the chronology of late Pleistocene glaciers in the western United States indicates a record of glacier advances during the last glaciation which is more variable than that predicted by orbital forcing. Numerical dating of late Pleistocene deposits from the Puget lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet and alpine glaciers and ice caps in the Rocky Mountains and Cascade Range suggests that advances and retreats of these glaciers were in phase with episodes of growth and collapse of the Laurentide ice sheet associated with the North Atlantic Heinrich events. Specifically, the existing chronologies indicate that these glaciers were advancing to their terminal areas up to several thousand years before a Heinrich event and retreated shortly thereafter. Because midlatitude glaciers respond relatively rapidly to climate change, this complex record of glacial fluctuations suggests mechanisms of climate forcing in western North America that are in some way tied to Heinrich events. One possible mechanism involves southerly and northerly displacement of the jet stream across the western United States in response to growth and collapse of the Laurentide ice sheet.
Measurement of parallel transport of B+ and Al2+ impurities in a linear He+ plasma

Abstract Laser ablation is used to inject trace quantities (∼1%) of boron or aluminum impurities into steady-state, cylindrical He + plasmas. The He + plasmas have an axial flow velocity of about 2 × 10 3 m/s, corresponding to Mach number M ∼ 0.2. The parallel flow of the resulting B + or Al 2+ impurity ions is measured directly using photomultiplier tubes with line filters. Perpendicular loss of the impurity ions is estimated indirectly from particle conservation. Rapid ( + in the background flow is observed; Al 2+ ions appear to accelerate up to perhaps half the background flow velocity in the same time period. Preliminary comparisons with expected transport rates indicate that the observed parallel transport is ≈2–3× faster than expected from classical collisional transport, while perpendicular transport appears slightly slower than expected.
The inheritance of digital dermatoglyphic patterns in 54 American Caucasian families

We searched for single gene effects in determining digital patterns and compared with the evidence for monogenic determination in Israelis (Slatis et al., '76). Our subjects were 108 parents from central Louisiana and 123 of their offspring; there were 127 females and 104 males ranging in age from eight to 66 years. Arches on the thumb--Among 11 subjects, two were bilateral, and three pairs were related, two as parent-child and one as sib-sib; the findings support the concept of an incompletely penetrant dominant gene. Radial loops on the thumb--three occurred unilaterally in unrelated subjects. Ulnar loops (U) and whorls (W) on the thumb--Phenotype frequency was 104 UU, 65 UW, 47 WW, 15 other. The proportion of UU offspring was highest with both UU parents and diminished as the parents had increasingly more W, supporting the single locus hypothesis. Arches (A) on the fingers--71 A, 160 non-A showed a greater A frequency than in the Israelis. The proportion of A offspring was highest with both A parents and diminished as the parents became non-A. Sequence WWUWW--Among nine subjects, one was bilateral, two left, and six right; two pairs related as parent-child and sib-sib. Sequence WUUWW--Among five subjects, one was bilateral, and three were related as parent-offspring. Radial loops on index fingers--Frequency of 32% was greater than in the Israelis. Middle fingers--86% were U, 73% being bilateral. Radial loops on ring and little fingers--Among eight unilateral subjects, none was related. Ulnar loops and whorls on ring fingers--Proportion of UU offspring was greatest with both UU parents and diminished as parents became WW. We conclude that the Louisianians showed evidence for single gene effects similar to that of the Israelis.