cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Reconfigurable Josephson Circulator/Directional Amplifier

Superconducting qubit experiments cannot be conducted without nonreciprocal devices such as circulators and directional amplifiers. Researchers show that both of these kinds of devices can be realized using a single Josephson circuit.
Reconstruction of the Medial Ulnar Collateral Ligament of the Elbow: The Docking Technique:

Background:The medial ulnar collateral ligament (MUCL) is the primary restraint to valgus force on the elbow. Since the first description of MUCL reconstruction by Jobe et al in 1986, many technica...
Stereoselective Synthesis of β-Branched Aromatic α-Amino Acids by Biocatalytic Dynamic Kinetic Resolution**

β-Branched noncanonical amino acids are valuable molecules in modern drug development efforts. However, they are still challenging to prepare due to the need to set multiple stereocenters in a stereoselective fashion, and contemporary methods for the synthesis of such compounds often rely on the use of rare-transition-metal catalysts with designer ligands. Herein, we report a highly diastereo- and enantioselective biocatalytic transamination method to prepare a broad range of aromatic β-branched α-amino acids. Mechanistic studies show that the transformation proceeds through dynamic kinetic resolution that is unique to the optimal enzyme. To highlight its utility and practicality, the biocatalytic reaction was applied to the synthesis of several sp3 -rich cyclic fragments and the first total synthesis of jomthonic acid A.
Conscience Clauses and Ideological Bias.

Conscience clauses typically protect health care providers who cannot in good conscience provide a legal, professionally accepted, and clinically appropriate medical service (negative appeals to co...
Synthesis of Ba(II) analogs of Ln(II)-in-(2.2.2-cryptand) and layered hexagonal net Ln(II) complexes, [(THF)Cs(µ–η5:η5–C5H4SiMe3)3LnII]n

Abstract The Ba-in-(2.2.2-cryptand) complexes, [Ba(2.2.2-cryptand)(DMF)2][I]2 and [Ba(2.2.2-cryptand)(OTf)2], were synthesized from the reaction of 2.2.2-cryptand with BaI2 and Ba(OTf)2, respectively, and crystallographically characterized for comparison with lanthanide analogs. The complexes are soluble in THF, just as their Ln = Nd and Sm analogs. The reaction of a mixture of BaI2 and KCp′ (Cp′ = C5H4SiMe3) in THF with excess Cs metal yielded crystals of the layered complex, [(THF)Cs(µ–η5:η5–Cp′)3Ba(THF)]n, which was crystallographically characterized for comparison with [(THF)Cs(µ–η5:η5–Cp′)3YbII]n. A solvent-free analog of these complexes, [Cs(µ–η5:η5–Cp′)3YbII]n, is also reported such that the three structures demonstrate that the layered structure is stable to variable amounts of THF coordination, which is important in using this network as a thin film precursor.
Gynaecological or gastrointestinal origin? Recognising Müllerian neoplasms with gastrointestinal phenotype and determining the primary site in selected entities.

Recognising metastatic gastrointestinal and pancreatobiliary tumours to gynaecological sites may be challenging, as primary Mullerian tumours can demonstrate similar histological features. Endocervical adenocarcinomas can be of gastric and intestinal types, endometrial lesions may show gastrointestinal phenotype, and finally, mucinous tumours with secondary involvement of the ovaries may mimic primary neoplasms. The aim of this review is to address selected neoplastic entities of the gynaecological tract with gastric and intestinal differentiation and provide helpful clinical and pathological parameters for the diagnosis. A brief overview of metastatic tumours originating from the gastrointestinal and pancreaticobiliary tracts is also provided, including the most common pathological features.
Established rheumatoid arthritis

The images presented in this chapter reflect a broad spectrum of clinical manifestations and radiographic images of established rheumatoid arthritis (RA), including some manifestations such as severe deformities that are rarely seen in clinical practice because the clinical presentation of established RA has substantially changed over the last two decades. The change in clinical presentation is largely due to the use of disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), particularly methotrexate, early in the disease course. The effect of DMARDs has been to tame the chronic inflammatory process and delay the progression of RA.
An efficient data deduplication design with flash-memory based solid state drive

Today, a predominant portion of Internet services (e.g., content delivery networks, online backup storage, news broadcasting, blog sharing and social networks) are data centric. A significant amount of new data is generated by these services every day and a large portion of this created data is redundant. Data deduplication is a prevailing technique used to identify and eliminate redundant data, so as to reduce the space requirement for both primary file systems and data backups. The variety of objectives in a deduplication system design is the primary interest of this dissertation. These objects include maximizing the redundant data removed and achieving a high deduplication read/write throughput with a minimum RAM overhead per chunk. To achieve the first objective, this dissertation proposes a novel chunking algorithm that breaks the input dataset into chunks, with a higher redundancy or with larger sizes, so as to identify the more duplicated data without producing larger numbers of chunks, as compared to other chunking algorithms. To achieve high deduplication throughput while minimizing RAM overhead per chunk, this dissertation proposes a RAM frugal chunk index design along with a chunk filter that is used to filter out index lookups on nonexistent chunks. Both index and filter designs efficiently use a very limited RAM space with ash-memory as persistent storage. In particular, the proposed chunk filter design can dynamically scale up to adapt to the growth of the dataset. In addition, the proposed chunk index design could achieve high throughput, low latency chunk lookup/insert operations with extremely low RAM overhead at the sub-byte-per-chunk level.
What Americans Say About Biomedical and Health Research

Research!America releases the results of a new poll on America's view of biomedical research. New poll data summary shows that majority of Americans consider the new Congress should take immediate action to expand medical research. Among polling results: Nearly 60% of Americans say elected officials are not paying enough attention to combating deadly diseases. 85% of Americans are concerned about stagnant funding for medical research. Nearly 60% of Americans believe medical progress will slip in the U.S. if another country takes the lead in science and innovation. Nearly 60% doubt the U.S. will be considered the number one world leader in science and technology by the year 2020. Nearly 70% say it’s important that the federal research and development tax credit is made permanent. To view America Speaks , Volume 13, visit: http://www.researchamerica.org/uploads/AmericaSpeaksV13.pdf
Hirsutism and evaluation of the dexamethasone suppression and chorionic gonadotropin stimulation test.

Abstract The present study was undertaken to assess the value of the dexamethasone (DXM) suppression and human chrionic gonadotropin (HCG) stimulation test in the differential diagnosis of hirsutism. A total number of 31 women were studied of whom 5 were a group of volunteers from a penal farm. Twenty-six were patients with hirsutism of varied etiology. In the presence of normal adrenal function, a lack of suppression of 17-ketosteroid excretion after 7 days of DXM administration suggests strongly the presence of an androgenic ovary (polycystic ovary syndrome or ovarian tumor). On the basis of the present findings, however, it would have to be concluded that a negative response to HCG stimulation does not exclude the possibility of a Stein-Leventhal syndrome and that the test is invalid if any evidence of adrenal hyperactivity exists. The study on a volunteer who had had previous ovariectomy showed no response to HCG stimulation.
Neutron-scattering study of the ferromagnetic heavy-fermion compound URu1.2Re0.8Si2.

We have performed a neutron-scattering investigation of the heavy-fermion compound ${\mathrm{Uru}}_{1.2}$${\mathrm{Re}}_{0.8}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$, in order to verify the existence of long-range ferromagnetic order and characterize the properties of the ordered phase. This study consisted of measurements of elastic scattering using polarized and unpolarized neutrons, measurements of low-angle critical scattering, and the determination of the temperature (T) dependence of the order parameter. The critical scattering measurements at wave vector Q=0.08 A\r{} $^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ revealed a sharp peak at T\ensuremath{\approxeq}30 K, which was taken as the Curie temperature ${\mathit{T}}_{\mathit{C}}$. The value of the ordered moment estimated from the elastic-scattering data is \ensuremath{\approxeq}0.49${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ at 10 K, which is in good agreement with the value of 0.46${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\mu}}}_{\mathit{B}}$ obtained previously from magnetization measurements. A polarized-neutron beam elastically scattered off the {112} planes was only partially depolarized upon traveling through the sample. The partial depolarization of the beam suggests that ${\mathrm{URu}}_{1.2}$${\mathrm{Re}}_{0.8}$${\mathrm{Si}}_{2}$ is either a weak ferromagnet, or that the domains are extremely small. Extensive short-range correlations precede the onset of long-range order. Preliminary results of inelastic scattering are discussed.
Interdigital Nerve Entrapment

Entrapment of the interdigital nerve is dependent on the fact that extension of the medial and lateral plantar nerves must pass in close relationship to the deep transverse tarsal ligament. Hyperextension of the toes at the metatarso-phalangeal joint increases angulation of the nerves and probably increases the pressure of the nerves against the bone. Each nerve supplies the tips and opposing surfaces of the adjacent toes (Figs. 38 and 39).
Optimism and interventional cardiology.

One day, a decade ago, I was trying to place a coronary stent. It wasn’t going well. I grumbled to Tammy, the cath technologist assisting me, that it looked like we were going to fail. Tammy looked me straight in the eye and said, “Dr. Blankenship, you really are a pessimistic person.” After the case ended successfully, her comment lingered. That night, somewhat defensively, I asked my wife, “I’m not a pessimistic person, am I?” She answered without hesitation: “Yes, you are.” Somewhere I had read that optimism is a choice. I swore at that moment to choose optimism. But that isn’t easy. We face pessimism every day. A 2013 survey by the Doctors Company found that 89% of physician respondents would not recommend a career in medicine to their children [1]. A 2014 Medscape survey found that only 44% of cardiologist responders are satisfied with their income, 39% would not choose a career in medicine again, and 41% would not choose cardiology as a specialty again [2]. Cardiac catheterizations and coronary interventions have decreased by 30% in the past decade, and it often seems that surgeons, payers and the media all think they should decrease further. The majority of cardiologists are now employed, and many mourn their lack of independence and chafe under the bit of hospital administrators. All of these factors might make us pessimistic. Yet I argue for optimism, for 3 reasons. First, opportunities abound in interventional cardiology. Second, optimism often proves to be right. Finally, optimism is good for you. OPPORTUNITIES IN INTERVENTIONAL CARDIOLOGY
JAMS 2010–2015: literature themes and intellectual structure

This issue of the Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science (JAMS) is the final of my term as editor of the journal, although the next several issues will contain articles accepted during my time as editor. It has been a privilege to continue my predecessors’ editorships, most immediately following David Stewart, and to now hand over the reins to Robert Palmatier, as my editorial successor. This editorial is a brief account of my JAMS editorial experiences and statistics, along with an overview of literature themes and the intellectual structure of the 2010–2015 articles in JAMS.
The effects of dietary potassium on fat and whole body urate storage in Periplaneta americana

Abstract Adult male American cockroaches, Periplaneta americana (L) were maintained on diets containing various concentrations of dietary nitrogen and three different levels of potassium. The amount of uric acid plus urate stored in the fat body and the whole insect was determined and compared with total nitrogen, potassium and sodium content. It was found that males maintained on diets containing the higher potassium concentration tended to store greater amounts of urate and potassium than did those fed on similar diets containing less potassium. Those fed on the low potassium diets showed a tendency for increased retention of sodium by the fat body.
Food, fat, and feathers.

The annual cycle of the White-throated Sparrow, Zonotrichia albicollis , is reviewed with brief references to facets of nutritional and energetic importance (1) illustrating the life of a small bird in a varying environment, and (2) showing that certain annual events in field populations can be compared with similar manifestations in caged individuals. Data from captives are employed in discussions of energetic variations related to (1) food, the source of nutritive input, (2) fat, the major form of caloric storage in birds, and (3) caloric expenditure. Metabolizable energy is partitioned by phase of the annual cycle into existence energy, including the costs of thermoregulation, and productive energy, including expenditures for nocturnal activity ( Zugunruhe ) and molt. Costs of vernal migration in field birds are compared with costs of nocturnal activity in captives to show that energetic estimates in each situation are compatible. This conclusion is supported by a metabolic estimate made for field birds that is within 6% of the estimated metabolism of captives under similar conditions. Data and statistics from seven additional species of buntings are used to examine several bioenergetic principles for homoiotherms. (1) Minimal metabolism measured by energy balance methods is proportional to the 0.7 power of body weight but is higher than standard or resting metabolism measured by gaseous methods. (2) Metabolized energy is inversely related to ambient temperature below 25°C, the estimated ad libitum critical temperature. (3) Heat production and loss are proportionately higher in summer-acclimatized birds below the ad libitum critical temperature due to reduced insulation. Two summary plots, relating temperature, metabolizable energy, and body weight are given. Directions for future research in the study of avian nutrition are suggested.
Fatty Acid Composition of Serum and Aortic Intimal Lipids in Rabbits Fed Low- and High-Cholesterol Diets

Lipid fractions from plasma and atheromatous lesions of cholesterol-fed rabbits were analyzed for fatty acids by gas-liquid chro matography. Pronounced differences in the fatty acid composition of plasma and arterial phospholipid fractions support the concept that these lipids are not just random deposits of the corresponding plasma lipids. Cholesterol esters of intimal lesions also differ in fatty acid composition from the plasma esters. Triglycerides ill intima and plasma showed the greatest similarity in composition.
AN ALTERNATE MODEL FOR LEAD‐TIME DEMAND: CONTINUOUS‐REVIEW INVENTORY SYSTEMS

The calculation of reorder points when the distribution of lead-time demand is normal is quite complex, primarily because of having to bound it away from negative demand values. A number of researchers have sought feasible alternative forms of lead-time demand which can be calculated without undue difficulty. It is proposed here to assume a Poisson (daily) demand and an exponential lead time (days). If they are assumed independent their convolution is geometric, which is itself asymptotically exponential. This has a number of advantages: (1) The exponential lead time is appropriate where the lead time is often short (i.e., local source), occasionally longer (when the local sources stock out), and, infrequently, quite long. (2) The geometric lead-time demand is independent of changes of time scale. (3) Reorder points and lot sizes appear in simple closed form. (4) The exponential asymptote is sufficiently close that this further simplification is usually warranted.
Aromatization of n-hexane by platinum-containing molecular sieves I. Catalyst preparation by the vapor phase impregnation method

Abstract A vapor phase impregnation method with Pt(acac)2 has been developed and used to load Pt into aluminosilicate (KL, BaKL, NaY, CsNaY, cubic and hexagonal polytypes of faujasite, ZSM-12, and SSZ-24) and aluminophosphate (AIPO4-5 and VPI-5) molecular sieves. Pt-containing molecular sieves are characterized by XRD, TPD, elemental analysis, 13C MAS NMR, TEM, and H2 chemisorption. 13C MAS, NMR, TEM, and H2 chemisorption measurements reveal that Pt can be loaded into the micropores of molecular sieves with both charged and neutral frameworks. Pt impregnated into zeolites and aluminophosphates by this method does not migrate to the exterior surface of the molecular sieve catalysts at n-hexane aromatization reaction conditions of atmospheric pressure and temperatures between 460 and 510°C.
A comparison of x-ray- and ultraviolet-induced aberrations in pollen tube chromosomes of tradescantia—II. Influence of protein synthesis inhibitors*

Abstract Experiments were performed on pollen grains of Tradescantia paludosa in which either X-irradiated or ultraviolet-irradiated pollen was germinated on media containing a protein synthesis inhibitor. The inhibitor caused an increase in chromatid aberration yields in X-irradiated but not in u.v.-treated pollen. This is consistent with previous findings (1) that protein synthesis is necessary for the repair (rejoining) of X-ray-induced breaks and (2) that the rejoining mechanism is inhibited more effectively by u.v. than by X-rays.
The elusive link between conflict and conflict adaptation

A core tenet of the original conflict-monitoring model is that regulation is triggered automatically when conflict is present and that the same regulation mechanism explains both trial-to-trial adaptation effects as well as effects of block-wise conflict manipulations. We present here results from two experiments using the Stroop task that show (a) that adaptation effects in the absence of response repetitions may occur only at the beginning of testing and that (b) robust block-wise effects can be found even in the absence of trial-by-trial effects. Furthermore, we show that the failure to eliminate target-to-distractor repetitions can produce artificial trial-to-trial adaptation effects. Based on the evidence of a weak link between conflict and conflict adaptation, we argue that a wider range of possible reasons for conflict adaptation effects needs to be taken into consideration.
P4.24: Design and test of a high efficiency energy recovery pulse modulator

An extremely high efficient cathode modulator utilizing an energy recovery concept for non-gridded tubes is proposed. Long rise- and fall-times of conventional line-type modulators are greatly reduced through the use of high speed MOSFET switches which efficiently recirculate cathode capacitance energy between pulses. This paper presents the overall design concept, and provides both PSPICE simulation and experimental results of a proof-of-principle demonstration modulator using single device (∼1 kV) MOSFET switches.
Focusing dispersive photonic crystal elements for chip-scale wavelength demultiplexing

Dispersion properties of photonic crystals for wave propagation inside these structures have been proposed for a variety of applications. Wavelength demultiplexing is one of the major applications of unique dispersion properties of the photonic crystals
Assessment of a college freshman course in information resources

Using a pre‐test and post‐test, all students enrolled in LIS 1600, Information Resources were evaluated on their library research skills. The purpose was to determine the improvement in test score on completion of the course. A newly revised university studies course was taught the first time in fall of 1996 and spring of 1997. Library Services faculty aimed to assess the effort to impart information literacy skills to freshmen students. Results of the study are reported.
Performance evaluation of Ethernet and HYPERbus local area networks using computer modeling

The local area networks Ethernet and HYPERbus were simulated using the GPSS program language. Measurements of performance were network stability, messages transmitted per unit time, and the number of transmission attempts required per message. The simulations produced these results. Both networks were stable at the normal, 90 and 100 percent loads. At the 90 and 100 percent loads, Ethernet transmitted between 90.31 and 99.16 percent of the expected number of messages per unit time. HYPERbus under the same conditions transmitted 97.52 and 103.87 percent of the expected number of messages per unit time. Ethernet required up to 13 transmission attempts for some messages, with an average of 2.061 attempts per message. HYPERbus transmitted all of its messages on the first attempt.
Hypoxia Affects the Structure of Breast Cancer Cell-Derived Matrix to Support Angiogenic Responses of Endothelial Cells

Hypoxia, a common feature of the tumor environment and participant in tumor progression, is known to alter gene and protein expression of several Extracellular Matrix (ECM) proteins, many of which have roles in angiogenesis. Previously, we reported that ECM deposited from co-cultures of Neonatal Fibroblasts (NuFF) with breast cancer cells, supported 3-dimensional vascular morphogenesis. Here, we sought to characterize the hypoxic ECM and to identify whether the deposited ECM induce angiogenic responses in Endothelial Cells (ECs). NuFF and MDAMB- 231 breast cancer cells were co-cultured, subjected to alternating cycles of 24 hours of 1% (hypoxia) and 21% (atmospheric) oxygen and de-cellularized for analyses of deposited ECM. We report differences in mRNA expression profiles of matrix proteins and crosslinking enzymes relevant to angiogenesis in hypoxia-exposed cocultures. Interestingly, overt differences in the expression of ECM proteins were not detected in the de-cellularized ECM; however, up-regulation of the cell-binding fragment of fibronecin was observed in the conditioned media of hypoxic co-cultures. Ultrastructure analyses of the de-cellularized ECM revealed differences in fiber morphology with hypoxic fibers more compact and aligned, occupying a greater percent area and having larger diameter fibers than atmospheric ECM. Examining the effect of hypoxic ECM on angiogenic responses of ECs, morphological differences in Capillary-Like Structures (CLS) formed atop de-cellularized hypoxic and atmospheric ECM were not evident. Interestingly, we found that hypoxic ECM regulated the expression of angiogenic factors and matrix metalloproteinases in CLS. Overall, we report that in vitro, hypoxia does not alter the composition of the ECM deposited by co-cultures of NuFF/MDA-MB-231, but rather alters fiber morphology, and induces vascular expression of angiogenic growth factors and metalloproteinases. Taken together, these results have important implications for understanding how the hypoxic matrix may regulate angiogenesis in tumors.
High‐pressure phase‐equilibrium studies by gas‐liquid partition chromatography

An elution gas that might be either a single component or a binary mixture, but which in any case was appreciably soluble in the fixed liquid phase on the column matrix material, was used to form a multicomponent liquid phase within the chromatographic column. Vapor-liquid equilibrium was studied both with the solute of interest at essentially infinite dilution conditions and with the solute present at some finite concentration in both phases. From the elution data vapor-liquid equilibrium ratios, or K values, were calculated by expressions relating the solute retention volume to the solute K value in the vapor-liquid system maintained within the chromatographic column. Data were taken for the solutes ethane, propane, and n-butane at infinite dilution in the methane-n-decane system at 160°, 70°, 40°, 0°, and −20°F from 20 to 2,000 lb./sq. in.; for propane at infinite dilution in methane-n-hexadecane at 70°F and 20 to 200 lb./sq. in.; and propane in the system methane-propane-n-decane at 40°F from 20 to 460 lb./sq. in. The univariant gas-liquid-solid locus was experimentally determined for the methane-n-decane binary system. The chromatographically determined K values for n-butane at infinite dilution in methane-n-decane were compared with published static equilibrium values and found to be in substantial agreement. Activity coefficients calculated from the data for all the solute isotherms were compared at atmospheric pressure with the results of the Bronsted and Koefoed relation for estimating activity coefficients of hydrocarbons, and close agreement was again found.
Linking spirituality and values to personal initiative through psychological empowerment

To answer calls by organizational scholars for empirical works examining the important individual and contextual antecedents of personal initiative, we develop and test a model in which spirituality and alignment with organizational spiritual values result in greater personal initiative ratings by supervisors through the mediating effects of psychological empowerment. Results from supervisor–subordinate dyadic data (N = 150) obtained from employed MBA students indicated that psychological empowerment partially mediates the influence of spirituality on personal initiative and fully mediates the relationship between organizational spiritual values alignment and personal initiative. These results suggest that spirituality and organizational spiritual values alignment represent key antecedents of personal initiative and that psychological empowerment is an important intermediary of these links. Implications are discussed.
Taking Stock of Management Education: A Comparison of Three Management Education Journals.

The scholarship of teaching and learning (SoTL) relies on peer review of scholarship. Although definitions of SoTL vary by discipline, publication of SoTL research is considered an especially robus...
AN EXPLORATION OF PERCEPTION OF BODY BOUNDARY, PERSONAL SPACE, AND BODY SIZE IN ELDERLY PERSONS

A study of 108 elderly persons using the Body Distortion Questionnaire and the personal space simulation technique test did not support hypotheses that elderly persons with a large personal space will have a larger distortion of body boundary, a larger perception of large body size, a smaller perception of small body size, a larger distortion of body size, and a larger body distortion than elderly persons with a small personal space. The analyses with one-tail t tests showed elderly persons with a small personal space have a larger perception of large body size and a larger distortion of body size than elderly persons with a large personal space. When the extremes of personal space were used the results were the same. Males have a larger personal space and greater distortion of skin perceptions than females.
Routine repeat head CT may not be indicated in patients on anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy following mild traumatic brain injury

Introduction: Evaluation recommendations for patients on anticoagulant and antiplatelet (ACAP) therapy that present after mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) are controversial. At our institution, an initial noncontrast head computed tomography (HCT) is performed, with a subsequent HCT performed six hours later to exclude delayed intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). This study was performed to evaluate the yield and advisability of this approach. Methods: We performed a retrospective review of subjects undergoing evaluation for ICH after mild TBI in patients on ACAP therapy between January of 2012 and April of 2013. We assessed for the frequency of ICH on both the initial noncontrast HCT and on the routine six-hour follow-up HCT. Additionally, chart review was performed to evaluate the clinical implications of ICH, when present, and to interrogate whether pertinent clinical and laboratory data may predict the presence of ICH prior to imaging. We used multivariate generalized linear models to assess whether presenting Glasgow Coma Score (GCS), loss of consciousness (LOC), neurological or physical examination findings, international normalized ratio, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, platelet count, or specific ACAP regimen predicted ICH. Results: 144 patients satisfied inclusion criteria. Ten patients demonstrated initial HCT positive for ICH, with only one demonstrating delayed ICH on the six-hour follow-up HCT. This patient was discharged without any intervention required or functional impairment. Presenting GCS deviation (p<0.001), LOC (p=0.04), neurological examination findings (p<0.001), clopidogrel (p=0.003), aspirin (p=0.03) or combination regimen (p=0.004) use were more commonly seen in patients with ICH. Conclusion: Routine six-hour follow-up HCT is likely not indicated in patients on ACAP therapy, as our study suggests clinically significant delayed ICH does not occur. Additionally, presenting GCS deviation, LOC, neurological examination findings, clopidogrel, aspirin or combination regimen use may predict ICH, and, in the absence of these findings, HCT may potentially be forgone altogether. [West J Emerg Med. 2015;16(1):-0.]
Threshold photoproduction of neutral pions from few-body targets☆

Abstract Photoproduction of neutral pions from the deuteron, 3 H and 3 He is calculated near threshold. Momentum dependent terms in the photoproduction operator and a two-nucleon charge exchange production mechanism are found to be important.
Can prehospital personnel detect hypoxemia without the aid of pulse oximeters

Although pulse oximeters have been proven accurate in the prehospital environment, they have not been proven to be necessary. This study was undertaken to determine if emergency medical services (EMS) providers can identify hypoxemia without pulse oximetry. An oximeter was placed at the ambulance entrance to the emergency department (ED), and EMS personnel obtained saturation levels on all patients on arrival. Hypoxemia was defined as a saturation level of 95% or less. The hypoxemia was classified as "recognized" if the patient received aggressive intervention and "unrecognized" if the patient did not. One hundred eighty patients were enrolled in the study; 30 had a saturation level of 95% or less. Twenty-seven (90%) of those patients had "unrecognized" hypoxemia. Twenty-three (85.2%) of the 27 patients with "unrecognized" hypoxemia did not complain of respiratory distress. Thus, there are patients whose hypoxemia is unrecognized by EMS providers, and this occurs most frequently in patients who do not complain of respiratory distress.
Neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptor modulation by general anesthetics.

Abstract 1. General anesthetics have been shown to inhibit synaptic transmission in multiple areas of the central and peripheral nervous systems. 2. The mechanism of inhibition is not well understood. 3. It has become clear that general anesthetics modulate the function of members of the ligand gated ion channel superfamily, including receptors for GABAA, glycine (Harrison et al., Mol. Pharmacol. 44(3), 1993, 628–632) and 5HT3 (Zhou and Lovinger, J. Pharmacol. Exp. Therap. 278(2), 1996, 732–740). 4. Studies of the activity of general anesthetics on recombinant neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors have added this receptor family to those potently inhibited by general anesthetics (Flood et al., Anesthesiology 86(4), 1997, 859–865; Violet et al., Anesthesiology 86(4), 1997, 866–874). 5. Studies of neuronal nicotinic receptors in native neurons suggest that the inhibition of these receptors by general anesthetics at low clinical concentrations may be biologically significant (Nicoll, Science 199(4327), 1978, 451–452). 6. Recent work on neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in the central nervous system suggests that their primary role may be to modulate synaptic transmission (Role and Berg, Neuron 16(6), 1996, 1077–1085). 7. Thus, inhibition of nicotinic modulation in the central nervous system may result in inhibition of synaptic transmission and some of the behavioral consequences of general anesthesia.
What to do when you suspect child abuse.

Child abuse and neglect continue to gain prominence as a public health problem in the United States. Ocular injuries are common. Since ocular signs of abuse are diverse, history-taking is extremely...
Photomechanics of Light-Activated Shape Memory Polymers

Photomechanical shape memory polymers are an exciting class of materials that are able to store a temporary shape and recover their original shape when stimulated by light. In this work we develop a model to simulate the photomechanical behavior of light-activated shape memory polymers. To the best of our knowledge this is the first theoretical model developed to describe this exciting class of active materials. Our model incorporates the interplay among four aspects of the underlying physical phenomena: light propagation, photo-chemistry, chemical-mechanical coupling, and mechanical response. The model framework is applied to a recently developed photo-induced shape memory polymer system [1, 2]. We describe a suite of experiments used to guide the modeling efforts, calibrate the model parameters, and then validate model predictions. Regarding the latter, we measure and then simulate the photo-induced bending behavior of shape memory polymer samples; model predictions are in good agreement with measurements. We use the model to then explore the effect of important photomechanical parameters (applied strain magnitude, irradiation time and intensity, and photoabsorber concentration) on material response with a view toward the design of novel actuator materials and structures.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Chiral liquid chromatography for resolving malic acid enantiomers in adulterated apple juice.

Reversed-phase HPLC with an aqueous mobile phase containing the chiral ligand-exchanger Cu11/ (N,N-dimethyl-L-valine)2 resolved the enantiomeric alpha-hydroxy acids, D- and L-malate. Post-column detection with acidic Fe111 resulted in specific detection of alpha-hydroxy acids, so filtered apple juice gave a simple profile. D-Malic acid in apple juices suspected of being adulterated with synthetic DL-malic acid is presently determined from the difference between DL-malic acid (HPLC assay) and L-malic acid (L-malate dehydrogenase assay). The potential of the chiral HPLC method relative to the indirect method was evaluated and additional possibilities for direct and more sensitive determination of D-malate were suggested
Transaction security system extensions to the common cryptographic architecture

A well-designed application program interface for a line of cryptographic products simplifies customer use of cryptographic services by helping to ensure compliance with national and international standards and by providing intuitive high-level services that may be implemented on disparate systems. The Common Cryptographic Architecture is IBM's strategic cryptographic architecture. The Transaction Security System implements the Common Cryptographic Architecture in full. Furthermore, the Transaction Security System has implemented extensions to the architecture to address additional customer requirements. This paper gives the design rationale for some of the additional cryptographic functionality in the Transaction Security System beyond that mandated by the Common Cryptographic Architecture.
Repeat Cytoreductive Surgery and Heated Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy May Offer Survival Benefit for Intraperitoneal Mesothelioma: A Single Institution Experience

Cytoreduction with heated intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) has demonstrated improved overall survival (OS) in malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM). The role of repeated HIPEC for MPM is less clear. An institutional review board-approved database of MPM patients was analyzed for clinical factors and outcomes. From June 2004 to March 2012, 29 patients underwent surgical treatment for mesothelioma. HIPEC was aborted in 3 and completed in 26; 8 underwent additional repeat HIPEC. The majority was male (62 %), median age 66 years. There was no significant difference in surgery duration, blood loss, or hospital-stay-duration between initial and repeat HIPEC. Cisplatin was the chemotherapy used. Complications occurred in 17 (65 %) initial and 6 (50 %) repeat HIPEC, with wound complications being most common. Reoperation was less common (4 % initial and 25 % repeat), and perioperative death was rare (4 % initial, 0 % repeat). Fourteen (54 %) initial and seven (58 %) repeat HIPEC patients received adjuvant chemotherapy. Median time from HIPEC to initiation of chemotherapy was not different between initial and repeat HIPEC (8.8 and 4.6 months, respectively, p = 0.68). Median treatment-free time (time from initial to repeat HIPEC or chemotherapy) also was not different between initial and repeat HIPEC (8.8 and 6.3 months, respectively, p = 0.92). Median OS for the cohort was 41.2 months. Patients who underwent repeat HIPEC had improved median OS (80 months) versus single HIPEC (27.2 months; p = 0.007). A lower peritoneal carcinoma index and complete cytoreduction were associated positively with OS. Cytoreduction and HIPEC for MPM are associated with longer OS. Patients who are candidates for repeat HIPEC may derive an even greater OS advantage.
Magnetic resonance imaging identifies multifocal and multicentric disease in breast cancer patients who are eligible for partial breast irradiation.

BACKGROUND. In this retrospective study, the authors hypothesized that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) would alter partial breast irradiation (PBI) eligibility by identifying cancers outside the PBI volume compared with mammography alone. METHODS. Since 2002, MRI was used nonselectively at the authors' institution for the staging of patients with nonmetastatic breast cancer. Of 450 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer, 110 patients who were eligible for PBI were identified by using criteria outlined by National Surgical Adjuvant Breast and Bowel Project B-39/Radiation Oncology Group trial 0413 based on mammography, ultrasonography, and initial pathology. In that trial, patients were randomized (stage I/II invasive cancers that measured ≤3 cm and ≤3 positive lymph nodes) to receive either whole-breast radiotherapy or PBI. MRI reports were reviewed to determine whether MRI identified secondary lesions 1) within the same quadrant (multifocal), 2) in a different quadrant (multicentric), or 3) in the contralateral breast. These lesions were pathologically proven carcinoma and would have rendered the patient ineligible for PBI. RESULTS. MRI identified secondary lesions in 10% of patients (95% confidence interval [CI], 4.4%-15.6%). Multifocal disease was identified in 3.6% (95% CI, 1.4%-9%), multicentric disease was identified in 4.5% (95% CI, 2%-10.2%), and contralateral disease was identified in 1.8% (95% CI, 0.5%-6.4%). The proportion of patients with false-positive MRI findings was 4.5% (95% CI, 2%-10.2%). The positive predictive value of MRI was 72.2% (95% CI, 46.4%-89.3%). CONCLUSIONS. MRI identified frequent secondary cancers that would not be removed routinely by surgery or targeted in the radiation field if treated with PBI. The current data suggest that MRI should be considered to assess PBI eligibility to minimize potential local failures. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Differences in national information infrastructures: the reflection of national cultures

Abstract This paper reports on the different paths seven countries (the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, Japan, Singapore and China) each took in forming a National Information Infrastructure (NII). While many factors play a role in the development of an NII, this paper examines the pervasive role national culture had in the policy decisions and formation of the various NIIs. The main lesson from observing these seven countries is that when a country is forming an NII it should look to similar countries, in terms of national culture, for guidance in the creation of an NII.
CFTL: a convertible flash translation layer adaptive to data access patterns

The flash translation layer (FTL) is a software/hardware in terface inside NAND flash memory. Since FTL has a critical impact on the performance of NAND flash-based devices, a variety of FTL schemes have been proposed to improve their performance. In this paper, we propose a novel hybrid FTL scheme named Convertible Flash Translation Layer (CFTL). Unlike other existing FTLs using static address mapping schemes, CFTL is adaptive to data access patterns so that it can dynamically switch its mapping scheme to either a read-optimized or a write-optimized mapping scheme. In addition to this convertible scheme, we propose an efficient caching strategy to further improve the CFTL performance with only a simple hint. Consequently, both the convertible feature and the caching strategy empower CFTL to achieve good read performance as well as good write performance.
Dielectric Properties of Lithium Hydrazinium Sulfate.

The dc conductivity and ac dielectric susceptibility of normal and deuterated lithium hydrazinium sulfate have been measured over a wide temperature range at frequencies up to 9.33 GHz. Over a very large temperature and frequency range the real and imaginary parts of the susceptibility are very large (up to ${\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\simeq}{\ensuremath{\epsilon}}^{\ensuremath{'}\ensuremath{'}}\ensuremath{\simeq}{10}^{6}$) and vary with frequency somewhat as ${f}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$. This unusual behavior is shown to result form the nearly one-dimensional protonic conductivity and its extreme sensitivity to barriers caused by local structural defects. Etching studies indicate that the crystal is not ferroelectric, implying that the apparent hysteresis loops result from saturation of the ac conduction.
Brazilian socioeconomic development : issues for the eighties

Since 1964 Brazil has experienced rapid economic growth, exclusionary politics and a persistently unequal distribution of income. After 1973 rapid growth was maintained only at the cost of accelerating inflation and massive foreign borrowing, while a process of political liberalization was begun. A change in economic development strategy could increase the number of jobs created per unit of capital invested, concentrate benefits on those who have least profited from the growth process to date, decrease imports, and increase the productivity of the poor. Such a strategy, the outlines of which can be found in Brazil's Third National Development Plan, makes good social as well as economic sense.
Building secure Web-based environments: understanding research interrelationships through a construction metaphor

Researchers are attempting to take the Internet to the next level of importance in people's lives. We can think of this as creating Web-based environments - communities of interest centered around a specific sphere of activity, where participants interact exclusively (or at least primarily) via the Web. These environments include all the buzz words that fill the media today, such as e-business, e-government, e-banking, e-law, e-learning, and e-health. Web surfing requires some minimal level of security, and online shopping requires a somewhat higher level of security. But participation in a Web-based environment can demand unprecedented levels of both security and privacy. This is why so much research activity currently exists in this area. Moreover, Web-based environments are complex and multifaceted; consequently, research into securing them is also complex and multifaceted. Thus, we might step back and put together a bigger picture of how this research is organized and interconnected
The locations of congestible facilities in adjacent jurisdictions

Abstract This paper examines the locations of congestible facilities (such as parks) chosen by adjacent jurisdictions. Judisdiction A lies between 0 and 1/2 on a unit linear market, while jurisdiction B lies between 1/2 and 1. The socially optimal locations of two facilities are at 1/4 and 3/4. However, if each jurisdiction locates its facility to minimize the sum of transportation costs and congestion costs for its own residents, then the Nash equilibrium locations are further apart than this, but in no event further apart than 1/8 and 7/8.
Computer skills in patients with movement disorders.

Abstract Background Electronic communication is important in healthcare, but the level of computer proficiency among patients with neurological disorders is unknown. Objective This study sought to determine the proportion of a movement disorder clinic population that was able to perform basic computer skills, and the effect of specific cognitive and motor features on computer proficiency. Methods One hundred and four movement disorder patients participated. Seventy-four completed both paper and computerized questionnaires to evaluate data entry skills and thirty subjects completed paper questionnaires only. Basic e-mail messaging and Internet skills were evaluated. Demographic information, Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) score, and Hoehn and Yahr stage were assessed. Results Ninety-six percent of subjects successfully completed computerized data entry tasks, and over 70% completed e-mail and Internet tasks. Computer data entry had an average accuracy of nearly 95% when compared to paper data entry. Poorer performance on computer tasks was associated with older age, less education, and cognitive impairment. Computer performance was reduced in subjects with a history of parkinsonism and when both tremor and dyskinesia were present during task performance. Nearly three-quarters of subjects have access to a computer. Subjects who completed the paper questionnaire but refused to complete the computer questionnaire were older, less educated and more cognitively impaired. Conclusion The majority of patients visiting a tertiary movement disorders center were able to perform computer data entry, e-mail messaging and Internet usage. These results reinforce the potential value of electronic communication and information systems in neurology practice.