cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Art Museums, Old Paintings, and Our Knowledge of the Past

Art museums frequently remove old paintings from their original settings. In the process, the context of these works of art changes dramatically. Do museums then preserve works of art? To answer this question, I consider an imaginary painting, The Travels and Tribulations of Piero's Baptism of Christ, depicting the history of display of Piero della Francesca's Baptism of Christ. This example suggests that how Piero's painting is seen does depend upon its setting. According to the Intentionalist, such changes in context have no real influence upon the meaning of Piero's painting, and consequently museums can be said to preserve works of art. According to the Skeptic, if such changes are drastic enough, we can no longer identify the picture's original meaning, and museums thus fail to preserve works of art. Skepticism deserves attention, for such varied influential commentators as Theodore Adorno, Walter Benjamin, Maurice Blanchot, Hans-Georg Gadamer, Martin Heidegger, Hans Sedlmayr, and Paul Valery hold this pessimistic view of museums. I develop the debate between the Intentionalist and the Skeptic. Ultimately skepticism is indefensible, I argue, because it fails to take account of the continuities in the history of art's display. But Intentionalism is also deficient because it is ahistorical. In presenting the history of Piero's painting, The Travels and Tribulations of Piero's Baptism of Christ shows that we can re-identify the original significance of Piero's work and the recognizable continuities that obtain through its changes. It thus makes sense to claim that at least in certain circumstances art museums can preserve works of art.
A LOW-INTENSITY, HIGH-UNIFORMITY WATER APPLICATION SYSTEM

Rainfall simulators with high uniformity and low intensities are required in many research areas related to environmental quality. To examine the characteristics of field-scale macropore-type preferential flow, we designed a portable water application system suitable to apply water with intensity < 5 mm h -1 for long-term steady-state infiltration experiments under different climatic conditions. Our results showed that, when water was applied at 345 kPa pressure, the system could deliver 4.36 mm h -1 of water to 19.2 by 2.7 m with 80 to 85% uniformity, while uniformity of the inner 16.2 by 2.1 m reached 94 to 97%. The performance of this system was not influenced by the ambient wind speed. Lower intensities of water application can be achieved by applying water intermittently.
Io Volcanic Plumes: Spacecraft Flythrough Hazard Evaluation

A S THE only other world in the solar system with active silicate volcanism [1,2], Jupiter’s moon Io attracts particular interest among planetary targets, and the National Academy of Science 2013–2022 Decadal Survey [3] recommended an Io Observer as one of the five “NewFrontiers” (∼1B) missions to be implemented in that timeframe. Many scientific investigations on such a mission might benefit from low flyby or orbital altitudes (e.g., higher-order gravitational and magnetic field terms can be sensed, probing Io’s tide-tortured interior, imaging resolution is higher, etc.) and an attractive measurement would be to sample the gases emerging from the interior in Io’s spectacular plumes (Fig. 1). Such composition measurementswould be diagnostic of the vent conditions andmagma composition and temperature. The question naturally arises whether passage through such a plumemight present unacceptable hazards to a spacecraft, which we assume to be in Jupiter orbit [4], making fast flybys of Io to minimize the time spent in the intense Jovian radiation belts. We find that, with modest precautions, plume encounters away from the vent itself should be relatively benign. We consider in turn the gas densities involved, solid particles (“ash”) accelerated by gas in the throat, and particles formed by condensation (“snow”) of the plume gases. We also review observations that constrain the particle properties and fluences, and experience of other spacecraft encounters with dusty plumes (comets and Enceladus).
A high-performance parallel implementation of the certified reduced basis method

Abstract The certified reduced basis method (herein RB method) is a popular approach for model reduction of parametrized partial differential equations. In this paper we introduce new techniques that are required to efficiently implement the Offline “Construction stage” of the RB method on high-performance parallel supercomputers. This enables us to generate certified RB models for large-scale three-dimensional problems that can be evaluated on standard workstations and other “thin” computing resources with speedup of many orders of magnitude compared to the corresponding full order model. We use our implementation to perform detailed numerical studies for two computationally expensive model problems: a natural convection fluid flow problem and a “many parameter” heat transfer problem. In the heat transfer problem, we exploit the computational efficiency of the RB method to perform a detailed study of “snapshot” selection in the Greedy algorithm, and we also examine statistics of the output sensitivity derivatives to obtain a “global” view of the relative importance of the parameters.
An experimental study of insider attacks for OSPF routing protocol

It is critical to protect the network infrastructure (e.g., network routing and management protocols) against security intrusions, yet dealing with insider attacks are probably one of the most challenging research problems in network security. We study the security threats, especially internal/insider threats, for the standardized routing protocol OSPF. In OSPF, a group of routers collaborate, exchange routing information, and forward packets for each other. If one (and maybe more than one) router is evil or compromised, how can this router damage the whole network? In this paper, we analyze OSPF and identify its strengths and weakness under various insider attacks. Furthermore, to confirm our analysis, we have implemented and experimented one attack, the max sequence number attack, on our OSPF routing testbed. Our attack is very successful against two independently developed router products as it will block routing updates for 60 minutes by simply injecting one bad OSPF protocol data unit.
Diabetic Kidney Disease: A Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System Focused Review

Diabetic nephropathy, also referred to as diabetic kidney disease, is a multifaceted complication of one of the largest epidemics in the United States. Diabetic patients currently represent approximately 8% of the US population. Aggressive screening and control of diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia as well as dietary protein restriction are vital to the prevention and management of diabetic kidney disease. Because there are no direct pharmacologic options for diabetic kidney disease, treatment is focused on controlling comorbidities that exacerbate the development and progression of diabetic kidney disease. This article will provide an overview of structural renal alterations during the progression of diabetic kidney disease as well as a concise review of current diabetic kidney disease management guidelines with a focus on agents that affect the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. At this point in time, the mainstays of therapy are angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor...
Protein Kinase C Increases Force and Slows Relaxation in Smooth Muscle: Evidence for Regulation of the Myosin Light Chain Phosphatase

Abstract To determine if activation of protein kinase C (PKC) participates in the molecular mechanism for agonist induced force enhancement, force was measured in single β-escin skinned smooth muscle cells stimulated to contract with Ca2+, myosin light chain (MLC) kinase, PKC and microcystin-LR. The constituently active fragment of protein kinase C (PKM) increased both force and MLC phosphorylation in cells previously stimulated to contract at submaximal Ca2+. For cells contracted with saturating Ca2+, PKM stimulation did not increase either force or MLC phosphorylation. For contractions stimulated with both PKM and microcystin-LR, force rose significantly slower than contractions produced by Ca2+or MLC kinase, suggesting that PKM increases force by a decrease in the rate of myosin dephosphorylation. Consistent with this hypothesis is the finding that the rate of force relaxation was slowed by PKM. This is the first direct demonstration that activation of PKC increases force in smooth muscle, and these results suggest that in smooth muscle, agonist induced activation of PKC plays a role in force regulation via an inhibition of myosin light chain phosphatase activity.
Childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura

Childhood immune thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP) is acute and generally seasonal in nature, suggesting that infectious or environmental agents may trigger the immune response to produce platelet-reactive autoantibodies 4 to 8 weeks following an infection. In general, the patient is well apart from the diffuse bruising and petechiae indicative of a profound thrombocytopenia. Over a period of 6 months, the thrombocytopenia resolves in approximately 85% of children, while the remaining 15% with persistent platelet consumption are designated as chronic ITP patients. The peak age of acute ITP is 2 to 5 years of age, a period when children experience the greatest frequency of viral infections. Children with the chronic form of ITP mirror the adult phenotype, in that females predominate, and there is no seasonal fluctuation of the disease. Evidence from our laboratory suggests that the activated platelet itself may play a role in perpetuating autoantibody production and immune dysregulation associated with ITP. Current data on lymphocyte studies and cytokine alterations noted in response to the variety of regimens used in children with ITP suggest that acute ITP is accompanied by autoantibodies to GPIb and a cytokine profile that is proinflammatory in nature. Early recognition of the immune dysregulation driving acute versus chronic ITP will distinguish those children who might benefit from immunotherapy versus those who will recover without therapeutic intervention.
Residuals and velocities of Pn waves recorded by the San Andreas seismograph network

Abstract Travel-time residuals were calculated for P n arrivals from four nuclear explosions and 10 earthquakes recorded by the U.S. Geological Survey9s San Andreas seismic telemetry network. Arrivals at stations west of the fault are earlier than at stations east of the fault. Stations on basement rocks indicate a variation in crustal thickness of about 5 to 9 km across the fault at the center of the network. The average mantle velocity after correcting for the residuals is 8.0 km/sec. The P n waves traveling from the east, when corrected for crustal delay, have a velocity of 7.7 to 7.8 km/sec. Waves traveling from the north or south, after the same corrections, have a P n velocity of 8.0 to 8.2 km/sec. This difference may be caused by an anisotropic upper mantle, but additional data from seismic sources in the Pacific will be required to confirm this result.
Distributed algorithms for shortest-path, deadlock-free routing and broadcasting in arbitrarily faulty hypercubes

The authors present a distributed table-filling algorithm for point-to-point routing in a degraded hypercube system. This algorithm finds the shortest length existing path from each source to each destination in the faulty hypercube and fills the routing tables so that messages are routed along these paths. A novel scheme for broadcast routing with tables is proposed, and the algorithm required to fill the broadcast tables, given the point-to-point routing tables, is presented. In addition, the modifications necessary to make these algorithms ensure deadlock-free routing are given. A quantitative and equalitative comparison of previously proposed reroute strategies with table routing, where the tables are filled by the authors' algorithms, are presented. >
Reversible Cerebral Vasoconstriction Syndrome, Part 1: Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Clinical Course

SUMMARY: Reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is a clinical and radiologic syndrome that represents a common presentation of a diverse group of disorders. The syndrome is characterized by thunderclap headache and reversible vasoconstriction of cerebral arteries, which can either be spontaneous or related to an exogenous trigger. The pathophysiology of reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome is unknown, though alterations in cerebral vascular tone are thought to be a key underlying mechanism. The syndrome typically follows a benign course; however, reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome may result in permanent disability or death in a small minority of patients secondary to complications such as ischemic stroke or intracranial hemorrhage. ABBREVIATIONS: RCVS reversible cerebral vasoconstriction syndrome; PRES posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
Probing neural circuits in the zebrafish: a suite of optical techniques.

The ability to image neural activity in populations of neurons inside an intact animal, while obtaining single-cell or subcellular spatial resolution, has led to several advances in our understanding of vertebrate locomotor control. This result, first reported in a 1995 study of motoneurons in larval zebrafish, was the beginning of a series of technical developments that exploited the transparency and simplicity of the larval CNS. Presented here, in chronological fashion, is a suite of imaging techniques that have extended the ability to probe and optically dissect neural control systems. Included are methodological details pertaining to: (1) the in vivo optical recording of neural activity, (2) the optical dissection of complex neural architectures, and (3) additional fluorescence imaging-based techniques for the anatomical and physiological characterization of these systems. These approaches have provided insights into the descending neural control of escape and other locomotive behaviors, such as swimming and prey capture. The methods employed are discussed in relation to complementary and alternative imaging techniques, including, for example, the Nipkow disk confocal. While these methodologies focus on descending motor control in the larval zebrafish, the extension of such approaches to other neural systems is viewed as a promising and necessary step if neurobiologists are to bridge the gap between synaptic and brain region levels of analysis. The efficiency of optical techniques for surveying the cellular elements of intricate neural systems is of particular relevance because a comprehensive description of such elements is deemed necessary for a precise understanding of vertebrate neural architectures.
Defining the genetic differences between wild and domestic strains of Bacillus subtilis that affect poly-gamma-DL-glutamic acid production and biofilm formation

Biofilms are communities of microbial cells that are encased in a self-produced, polymeric matrix and are adherent to a surface. For several species of bacteria, an enhanced ability to form biofilms has been linked with an increased capability to produce exopolymers. To identify exopolymers of Bacillus subtilis that can contribute to biofilm formation, we transferred the genetic determinants that control exopolymer production from a wild, exopolymer-positive strain to a domesticated, exopolymer-negative strain. Mapping these genetic determinants led to the identification of gamma-poly-dl-glutamic acid (gamma-PGA) as an exopolymer that increases biofilm formation, possibly through enhancing cell-surface interactions. Production of gamma-PGA by Bacillus subtilis was known to be dependent on the two-component regulator ComPA; this study highlighted the additional dependence on the DegS-DegU, DegQ and SwrA regulator proteins. The inability of the domestic strain of B. subtilis to produce gamma-PGA was mapped to two base pairs; a single base pair change in the promoter region of degQ and a single base pair insertion in the coding region of swrA. Introduction of alleles of degQ and swrA from the wild strain into the domestic strain was sufficient to allow gamma-PGA production. In addition to controlling gamma-PGA production, ComPA and DegSU were also shown to activate biofilm formation through an as yet undefined pathway. The identification of these regulators as affecting gamma-PGA production and biofilm formation suggests that these processes are regulated by osmolarity, high cell density and phase variation.
Solving a dynamic resource allocation problem through continuous optimization

A class of dynamic resource allocation problems with infinite planning horizon are studied. We observe special structures in the dynamic programming formulation of the problem, which enable us to convert it to continuous optimization problems that can be more easily solved. Structural properties of the problems are discussed, and explicit solutions are given for some special cases.
Viability of inner cell mass versus trophectodermal cells of frozen‐thawed horse embryos

Summary Fluorescein diacetate (FDA), a fluorogenic vital stain, was used in conjunction with a silicon-intensified target (SIT) camera and computer-based image analysis to estimate the viability of cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) of freshly collected and frozen-thawed horse embryos. Fluorescence intensities were greater (p<0.02) for fresh ICM (0.1500) and TE (0.1686) than for frozen-thawed ICM (0.0323) and TE (0.0694). Fluorescence intensity ratios (ICM:TE) also differed (p<0.004) between fresh (0.966) and frozen-thawed (0.482) embryos. These results indicate that 1) the use of FDA coupled with SIT camera image analysis is a repeatable, objective method for assessing embryo viability and 2) the freeze-thaw process is more detrimental to ICM cells than to TE cells of horse embryos.
Gene therapy and heart transplantation

The application of gene transfer technologies to the field of solid organ transplantation is uniquely appealing due to open access to the donor organ at the time of removal and the need for a local biological effect limited to the allograft. The objectives of gene transfer technology in the field of experimental heart transplantation include: firstly, modification of allograft phenotype and secondly, modulation of the host alloimmune response. Both objectives can theoretically decrease or eliminate the need for lifelong immunosuppression with its attendant risks. This article will review the principles and current methodology of gene transfer technology, applications of gene transfer technology to allo- and xeno- transplantation and the current status of clinical trials on gene therapy.
High-Order Compact Difference Methods for Glow Discharge Modeling

This paper explores the feasibility of applying high-order, compact difference methods to the modeling of glow discharges for high-speed flow control. Previous papers (AIAA 2007-0632, 2008-1357) have successfully applied second-order finite difference methods to glow discharge modeling. Detailed grid resolution studies, however, have revealed that very fine grid resolution is required for acceptable quantitative results. Highorder compact difference methods offer a possible means of achieving high spatial accuracy on coarser grids, potentially leading to a significant reduction in the computational cost of an accurate solution. Sample compact difference calculations are presented here for one-dimensional test cases, and accuracy is compared to a standard second-order upwind scheme. In particular, fourth order accuracy is demonstrated with compact differencing for several problems involving the internal structure of weak shocks and the plasma-sheath transition. Future work will focus on applying the compact difference method to problems of interest in plasma aerodynamics.
Predictive Network Anomaly Detection and Visualization

Various approaches have been developed for quantifying and displaying network traffic information for determining network status and in detecting anomalies. Although many of these methods are effective, they rely on the collection of long-term network statistics. Here, we present an approach that uses short-term observations of network features and their respective time averaged entropies. Acute changes are localized in network feature space using adaptive Wiener filtering and auto-regressive moving average modeling. The color-enhanced datagram is designed to allow a network engineer to quickly capture and visually comprehend at a glance the statistical characteristics of a network anomaly. First, average entropy for each feature is calculated for every second of observation. Then, the resultant short-term measurement is subjected to first- and second-order time averaging statistics. These measurements are the basis of a novel approach to anomaly estimation based on the well-known Fisher linear discriminant (FLD). Average port, high port, server ports, and peered ports are some of the network features used for stochastic clustering and filtering. We empirically determine that these network features obey Gaussian-like distributions. The proposed algorithm is tested on real-time network traffic data from Ohio University's main Internet connection. Experimentation has shown that the presented FLD-based scheme is accurate in identifying anomalies in network feature space, in localizing anomalies in network traffic flow, and in helping network engineers to prevent potential hazards. Furthermore, its performance is highly effective in providing a colorized visualization chart to network analysts in the presence of bursty network traffic.
How to be a star engineer

Bell Laboratories hired the best and the brightest from the worlds most prestigious universities, but only a few lived up to their apparent potential for brilliance. Most developed into solid performers of mostly average productivity who did not substantially further Bell Labs' contribution to AT&T's competitive advantage in the marketplace. What the labs wanted to know was: what separates the star from the average performer? Is it innate or can star performance be learned? Could a program to improve productivity be designed that would help turn average performers into stars? Engineers from the best companies helped researchers to dispel the myths about star performers and uncover the surprising secrets of stellar achievement. To discover the secrets of star performance, the author and his colleagues used paper-and-pencil tests, direct observation, work diaries, focus groups, and individual interviews, drawing upon statistical analyses, content analyses, and iterative model building as appropriate. It was found that you need to change how you do your work and how you work with others. Star performers in fact do their work quite differently from the pack. They weave their starring strategies into a consistent pattern of day-to-day behavior. But any engineer with the necessary smarts and motivation can acquire their power. The author gives nine interlocking work strategies which can help engineers become star performers.
Chromosome counting via digital image analysis

Currently, cytogenetic analysis is done using semi-automatic methods, involving substantial human intervention, which is slow and expensive. Chromosome counting is of significant economical importance, for it accelerates the karyotyping process, thereby facilitating quicker and less expensive cytogenetic analysis. In this paper, we present an automated counting algorithm based on digital image analysis. The algorithm was tested on a metaphase image database, with a 6% error rate.
Somatostatin, Clearance and Inhibition of Gastric Acid Secretion in Duodenal Ulcer Patients

Somatostatin is one of several gastrointestinal peptides of potential physiological significance in the inhibitory regulation of gastric acid secretion. It is produced and released in the gastric mucosa and exogenous administration of this peptide strongly inhibits acid secretion stimulated by a variety of secretagogues in man (1).
The Unnatural Tragedy by Margaret Cavendish, presented by the British American Drama Academy at Ovalhouse, London, 10 December 2014 (dress rehearsal)

This production, undertaken with American student actors, probably represents the first time that The Unnatural Tragedy has been heard since group readings aloud were organized in the aristocratic drawing rooms of seventeenth-century England and the Low Countries. Be that as it may, the Ovalhouse performance made good use of modern dress to bring out the sort of social satire that certainly was intended by Margaret Cavendish. The decision to costume the apparently innocent Sociable Virgins in English schoolgirl uniforms was a wonderful audience pleaser, as was the opening scene in which two male characters (Frere and his friend) were decked out for a beach party complete with beer cans, loose-fitting floral shirts, and Bermuda shorts. Music and dance came into play when the Sociable Virgins evoked a night-club scene in conjunction with other characters, including Frere and his friend, to create an atmosphere of youthful abandon. This mix of characters was not in the original script, but it definitely reinforced the light and witty feeling written in to the first part of the play.
From Physiological Fluids to Pathological Gels: Disordered Proteins at the Nexus of Liquid Phase Separation and Neurodegenerative Disease

Disordered protein domains are emerging as key players in driving the assembly of both pathological fibrous aggregates and functional RNA/protein (RNP) bodies with liquid-like properties. However, the molecular mechanisms governing protein assembly into either liquid-like or solid-like gel states are yet to be understood. Here, we combine soft matter and biochemical approaches to examine the relationship between diverse assembly states of several disordered RNP model proteins. Building on our recent work revealing that protein droplet viscosity and dynamics could be tuned by exogenous substrates or conditions, we investigate the maturation and non-equilibrium dynamics of droplets over time. We use several complementary microrheology approaches, including a new microfluidic platform, to measure precise viscoelastic changes in protein droplet material properties. We also use fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) and biochemical aggregation assays to probe the dynamics and solubility states of protein components. Together, this work provides mechanistic insight into the relationship between diverse protein assembly states and the way in which disordered protein and protein/nucleic acid interactions give rise to mesoscopic materials with unique properties.
Polyvocality and forgotten proverbs (and persons): Ravi Shankar, George Harrison and Shambhu Das

In 1993, Sara Cohen issued a challenge to popular music scholars, asserting that the ethnography of local amateur bands could be as theoretically fruitful as studying celebrities. This article suggests a third angle and related challenge, problematizing the inclusion of testimonies by musicians who play an important role in the collaborative constellation around celebrities, but are placed decidedly in the margins of dominant narratives of popular music history. George Harrison’s sitar studies led to his creating a new hybridic musico-spiritual sound that was heard on Beatles’ albums, infusing the sixties’ psychedelic soundscape with ‘raga-rock’. According to my interviews with Shambhu Das, Ravi Shankar’s disciple appointed initially to assist Harrison with sitar fingerings, Das played a much more significant role than previous historical accounts have admitted. This raises important questions about the theoretical approach and methodological application of a polyvocal texture where contradictions and ambiguities are revealed that challenge heretofore unquestioned narratives.
Instrument-Independent Ms./Ms. Database for Xqq Instruments: A Kinetics-Based Measurement Protocol

A detailed kinetics-based measurement protocol is proposed for the development of a standardized MS/MS database for XQQ tandem mass spectrometers. The technical basis for the protocol is summarized. A CAD database format is proposed.
An Investigation of Single-Phase Incompressible Flows Through Rectangular Micro-Constriction Elements

Incompressible flow through constriction elements (orifices, nozzles and venturis) are commonly encountered in several macro and micro scale engineering applications.. The current research endeavor experimentally investigates single-phase incompressible flows of de-ionized water through rudimentary micro-constriction configurations such as rectangular slot micro-orifices entrenched inside microchannels. Additionally, the effects of micro-orifice and microchannel size on the discharge in single-phase flows have been evaluated, and experimental data suggests that the flow rate is dictated by the constriction element opening rather than the microchannel area. The discharge coefficients associated with incompressible flows through multifarious micro-orifices have been estimated, and the effects of Reynolds number, micro-orifice size and microchannel area on the discharge coefficients have been explored. The discharge coefficients are calculated based on standardized D-D/2 (One channel diameter upstream and half channel diameter downstream) pressure tap specifications, and can be directly employed in the design of micro-valves and other micro-constriction devices. Furthermore, experimental results indicate that the discharge coefficient rises and peaks at a critical Reynolds number (200 ≤ ReCrit ≤ 500), which indicates the emergence of turbulence immediately downstream of the micro-orifice and re-laminarization further downstream. The discharge coefficient stabilizes and reaches a steady value after the critical Reynolds number has been transgressed. Finally, a correlation for the discharge coefficient, which includes the Reynolds number and the ratio between the hydraulic diameter of the micro-orifice and the microchannel, is presented to aid designers of MEMS devices involving micro-constriction components.© 2005 ASME
Driving Mechanism of Cultivated Land Resources and Its Effects on Yield of Major Grain Producting Area in Northeast China

Taking Bayan County in grain producing areas of Northeast China as the study area,with "3S" technology,Logistic model is used to indentify the driving forces of cultivated land resources change.Single factor index method and path analysis are used to explore the impact of single factor and composite factors on food production.Results showed that:(1)The driving forces of cultivated land resources change mainly included slope,soil type,average land GDP and other 8sensitive factors,and the driving mechanism of each driving factor was different.(2)The changes in the classification of single driving factor index might lead to changes in food production.The maximum change occurs in soil organic matter content with a level of 1—2 while the minimum change occurs in policies and regulations with a level of 2—3.(3)The impact of complex factors on food production was that 0.1changes in the driving forces may lead to a change in food production around 950kg/hm2.Both single factor and composite factors had a great impact on food production.Therefore,specific measures need to be formulated to enhance food production according to the different characteristics of the driving factors.
On Zhang Xue-liang's Political proposal of Re-unification and Construction

Zhang Xueliang had a strong hope of reunifying China.This made him sick of and against the war,in pursuit of the peace.However his prejudice of reunification and resistance of repentance made him change the flag of the army,help and support Jiang Jieshi to"wipe out the communists",and also made him move from right to wrong.But the ideal that the country could not be reunified without resisting against the Japanese aggression again returned him from wrong to right,that he forced Jiang to ally with the communists and to fight the Japanese.Zhang would look at the economic development as an important strategy.He did not aim to enlarge the territory but to develop economy to strengthen the national capabilities.He thought:if a nation had not strong economic foundation,her politics could not be independent,and the country would be invaded by powerful countries,and the nation could not be survived.Therefore,we should make great efforts to develop the economy so as to let the Chinese nation stand firm in the world family of nationalities.
Segond fracture: an MR evaluation of 146 patients with emphasis on the avulsed bone fragment and what attaches to it

To re-evaluate the Segond fragment emphasizing those structures that attach to the fragment in patients with reported acute/subacute anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries, and to clarify the nomenclature used to describe these structures. A search of databases of knee MR examinations over 4.5 years with reported ACL tears yielded 19,726 studies. Using strict exclusion criteria, a total of 146 MR studies with acute/subacute ACL tears were re-assessed with respect to the Segond fragment's size, shape, orientation, location, displacement, attaching soft tissue structures, and associated osseous and/or soft tissue injuries. Segond fractures were present in 1.25 % of reported acute/subacute ACL tears. The fragment measured 11.9 × 7.3 × 3.27 mm, being thin, ovoid, vertically oriented, situated anterolaterally along the proximal tibial epiphysis, posterior to Gerdy's tubercle and inferior to the lateral tibial plateau, and displaced up to 6 mm laterally. The attached structures were the meniscotibial component of the mid-third lateral capsular ligament (mt-MTLCL) in 58.9 %, both the mt-MTLCL and the posterior fibers of the ITB (pf-ITB) in 35.6 %, and the pf-ITB in 5.48 % of cases. In no case was there an additional attaching structure that did not meet criteria for the mt-MTLCL or the pf-ITB. The mt-MTLCL most commonly attaches to the Segond fragment, but the pf-ITB can also attach to this fragment. In no case was there an additional attaching structure that did not meet criteria for the mt-MTLCL or the pf-ITB.
Production and commissioning of a large prototype Digital Hadron Calorimeter for future colliding beam experiments

A new detector technology is being developed for future colliding beam experiments that is based on the use of fine-grained calorimetry, to optimize the use of Particle Flow Algorithms (PFAs) in measuring hadronic jets. Instead of traditional tower geometry and energy summation from many sampling layers, the new approach measures energy deposition in 1 cm2 cells on each sampling layer using discriminators. Jets are reconstructed using hit patterns from each layer, combined with information from inner tracking and the electromagnetic calorimeter. We have built a 480,000 channel prototype detector that is based on Resistive Plate Chambers (RPCs) to demonstrate this concept. The development is part of the CALICE Collaboration. The readout system uses a 64-channel custom integrated circuit called DCAL to record hits from each cell and apply a global timestamp. The chips mount directly on sophisticated front-end boards that are not only an integral part of the charge collection of the detector chambers, but also incorporate digital signal transmission, clock and control, and power and ground. The readout of data is serial, multiplexed into high-speed serial streams and sent to a “back-end” VME system for time-sorting and higher-level triggering. The system can be operated with an external trigger or be self-triggered, and can produce trigger signals from the front-end chips. The construction, installation, and commissioning of this prototype system is now complete. We have begun a measurement program using a test beam at Fermilab. An overview of the system is described. Experiences in building this large prototype system are reported. Results from the test beam are presented.
An Invisible Crisis in Plain Sight: The Emergence of The 'The Eviction Economy,' Its Causes, and the Possibilities for Reform (Reviewing Desmond, EVICTED)

In the Evicted, Matthew Desmond explores the lives of landlords who evict and tenants who are evicted in poor neighborhoods of Milwaukee. While the book could be understood as simply an ethnography of a handful of landlords and their low-income tenants in one mid-sized American city, it is much more. Evicted, read in conjunction with Desmond’s prior scholarship, illustrates the emergence of what I call an Eviction Economy in our cities – an economy in which eviction of the poor is not exceptional, but rather the norm, part of landlords’ business models and poor people’s way of life. The greatest achievement of Evicted is that it makes this Eviction Economy, and the terrible human and societal toll it takes, visible to a broad audience. However, as much as it provides a compelling descriptive account of the Eviction Economy, Evicted is not fully persuasive in its explanation of the rise of the Eviction Economy. In particular, Desmond’s argument that the Eviction Economy is caused by landlords’ charging exploitative rents is conceptually and empirically problematic. As a response to the Evicted Economy, Desmond primarily calls for a robust universal voucher program, which would indeed address the lack of supply of affordable housing. But the political feasibility of such a program is questionable. Evicted does not address less sweeping reforms that could be both politically feasible and effective in limiting the scope and harmful effects of the Eviction Economy.
THE S-BAND 1.6 CELL RF GUN CORRELATED ENERGY SPREAD DEPENDENCE ON π AND 0 MODE RELATIVE AMPLITUDE

The π mode or accelerating mode in a 1.6 cell rf gun is normally the only mode considered in rf gun simulations. However, due to the finite Q there is a small but measurable 0 mode present even at steady state. The π mode by definition has a 180° phase shift between cells but this phase shift for the total field is several degrees different. This results in a correlated energy spread exiting the gun. A comparison of simulation and experiment will be shown.
G428 Variation in respiratory rate measurments in children

Background Respiratory rate (RR) is an important vital sign used in the initial and ongoing assessment of unwell children. Measuring respiratory rate can be difficult and time consuming, especially in an uncooperative child. There are concerns that there may be high levels of inconsistencies in measurements of respiratory rate. This may impact greatly on the child, their clinical assessment and subsequent management, and the accurate identification of possible deterioration. Aim To determine the reliability of a respiratory rate count on a child when assessed by three independent observers. Method From August 2016 to October 2016 the respiratory rate of 169 children was measured by three independent observers in one tertiary children’s hospital. The first respiratory rate was taken by different healthcare professionals from within the hospital using their own method of measurement. A further count of respiratory rate was then taken by two different observers simultaneously within 30 min of the first measurement. They measured the respiratory rate using the WHO recommended method of measurement by observing chest movements over 60 s. All observers were blinded to each of the others’ measurements. Results A total of 507 respiratory rate measurements were taken on 169 children aged between 3 days and 15 years. The 95% limits of agreement between the first RR measurement and second and third measurements was 10.15 to 17.68 and 11.36 to 18.73 respectively. For simultaneous measurements the 95% limits of agreement were 7.11 to 6.95, meaning that that the difference in measurements could have been anything from 7 breaths less to 6 breaths more. Significantly, in 25% of the children the difference in the measured RR was such that the child would not have been assessed as being tachypnoeic by one or more of the three observers. Conclusion There exists a large variation in respiratory rate measurements taken in children. The agreement between measurements and the identification of tachypnoea was poor. The effect that this variation may have on the clinical assessment of a child is significant. These findings highlight the need for a robust review of our current reliance and interpretation of such an important vital sign.
Graphene composites with synthetic polymers

Hybrid materials made of graphene and synthetic polymers have high interests among academic and industrial research groups. These hybrids integrate the viscoelastic nature of the polymer and conductivity/strength of the graphene, which is a suitable material for applications in flexible/thin electronic devices. Polymer composites of graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide are thoroughly discussed in the literature, thus the systems with unoxidized graphene are focused here. These composites are prepared by two major routes, either by in situ or by postmodification. In situ methods explore exfoliation of graphite in polymer solutions, when the polymer has surface energy comparable to that of graphene. Postmodification of graphene with polymers can be executed by carefully designing or choosing the polymers that will stabilize the graphene/polymer interface. The advantage of postmodification is that the commercially available graphene and polymers can be tailored to form hybrids for specific applications. Mass production opportunities of such composites as well as their (bio)degradation is an important criterion for environmentally responsible growth of this new field.
Mechanical Behavior and Prestress Loss of Unbonded Posttension Strands in Self-Centering Structures

AbstractUnbonded posttension strands are used between anchorages to provide restoring forces to self-centering structures. In this research, monotonic and quasi-static cyclic tests were performed o...
Modeling of time-lapse seismic monitoring using CO2 leakage simulations for a model CO2 storage site with realistic geology: Application in assessment of early leak-detection capabilities

Abstract Time-lapse surface seismic surveys have been widely used at carbon sequestration sites for site characterization, monitoring subsurface CO2 plume migration, and detecting potential CO2 leakage from a storage reservoir. Monitoring in the first permeable unit directly above the primary seal is important for early detection of CO2 leakage. Forward modeling of time-lapse seismic data can be used to assess the utility of the seismic method for CO2 leakage detection. We develop a workflow for forward modeling of time-lapse seismic data, including constructing seismic velocity models using flow simulation outputs, modeling of pre-stack and post-stack synthetic seismic data following seismic data processing sequence and analysis of processed synthetic time-lapse seismic data. We apply the forward modeling and analysis workflow to assessing the detectability and the earliest detection time of seismic monitoring using the hypothetical CO2 leakage scenarios for a model geologic storage site with realistic geology. We derive the detection thresholds using the simulated normalized root-mean-square (NRMS) differences for the no-leakage case at a range of signal-to-noise ratios, representing the background noise levels in seismic data. We then compare NRMS differences triggered by the CO2 leakage to the detection thresholds at each time step to quantify the detectability and the earliest detection time of seismic monitoring. We analyze the effects of the acquisition parameters and elastic parameters on the produced synthetic seismic data and earliest detection time. Our modeling results indicate that high signal-to-noise ratio is needed to detect the CO2 leakage at the model site. Minimizing the background noise in seismic data is crucial for improving the detectability of the seismic method. Increasing the shot density or increasing the dominant frequency of the source wavelet is likely to increase the possibility of the leakage detection and reduce the time needed for the detection. The elastic parameters used in the rock physics modeling have significant effects on the resultant seismic velocity models and synthetic seismic data, highlighting their critical roles in understanding and interpreting time-lapse seismic reflection data associated with CO2 monitoring, verification and accounting activities.
Vaginal Delivery After Cesarean Section

Patients who have previously had a cesarean section should be allowed to deliver vaginally in subsequent births provided that they are carefully selected, their labors are closely managed, and they are examined for intrauterine defects following delivery. The benefits of a diminished cesarean section rate include decreased maternal morbidity and hospital costs.
Normal Tissue Complications and Protection in Head and Neck Cancer Patients

It has been long recognized that radiotherapy, surgery, and chemotherapy for head and neck (H&N) cancer cause a wide range of acute and late morbidities. These effects impact general and H&N-specific symptoms, quality of life, and critical functions. The increasing use of altered fractionation and chemoradiation has led to a substantial increase in both acute and late toxicity. Countering this is the growing use of intensity-modulated radiation which has lowered dry mouth-related issues and targeted agents which are associated with less complex/lower burden toxicity profiles. In this chapter, we discuss issues in toxicity measures and reporting methods. We also discuss the management of mucositis, swallowing disorders, and osteonecrosis.
Negotiating and Monitoring Evaluation Contracts and Agreements

In the previous chapter, we discussed the essential ingredients in an evaluation contract or agreement and some considerations in establishing such formal agreements. In this chapter we turn our attention to how to take the next steps -- negotiation of the contract and monitoring of formal evaluation agreements.
Stepping On: Cancer Edition: A fall-prevention intervention adapted for older adults with cancer.

e22020Background: 20-50% of older patients (pts) with cancer have fallen in the past 6 months. Stepping On, a 7-week group-based self-management fall-prevention program addressing exercise, medicat...
SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH ASSOCIATED WITH MALIGNANT MITRAL VALVE PROLAPSE

Mitral Valve Prolapse (MVP) is caused by myxomatous valve leaflet changes. Malignant MVP is an understated cause of sudden cardiac death (SCD). A 56 year old female A with history of MVP presented as a witnessed cardiac arrest while golfing. Patient received bystander CPR and was defibrillated once
Wernicke–Korsakoff syndrome: Focus on low-threshold diagnosis and prompt treatment in the primary care setting:

The authors present the case of an inpatient hospitalized at the Veterans Affairs psychiatric unit diagnosed with Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome to promote awareness of this prevalent yet often underdiagnosed and undertreated condition. Although Veterans present with a unique predisposition for alcohol abuse, it remains problematic in the general population as well. Analysis from 2000 to 2003 reveals alcohol use in the past month in Veterans at 56.6% and 50.8% in comparable non-Veterans. According to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, it is estimated that of those who are 18 and older, 86.4% have used alcohol, 26.9% have engaged in binge drinking in the past month, 7% engaged in heavy alcohol use in the past month, and 6.2% (15.1 million) carried the diagnosis of alcohol use disorder., The lifetime prevalence of alcohol abuse in the general population is estimated to be between 4.5% and 13.2%. Primary care providers should maintain a high degree of vigilance in evaluating patients for timely diagnosis and prompt treatment of those suspected to have thiamine deficiency. Indeed, Wernicke's encephalopathy carries a significant level of morbidity and mortality associated with the syndrome, even in cases when it does not present with all of the classic signs. This article aims to raise the primary and ambulatory care provider's ability to recognize the condition, emphasize a low threshold to treat, and highlight current treatment recommendations.