cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Introduction of a scented carbohydrate resource into the nest increases departure rate in Polybia occidentalis

Social wasps do not possess a sophisticated, signal-based mechanism for recruiting foragers to food resources. Instead, in some species naive potential foragers use cues, specifically the scent of a resource obtained from successful foragers, to help locate the resource in the field. Prior studies have focused on the effectiveness of this mechanism on increasing the number of foragers at an artificial resource in the field; the increase is typically modest. Here, we focus on the activity at the nest in Polybia occidentalis, a tropical social wasp, and quantify the magnitude of the effect an influx of a known amount of scented carbohydrate solution added directly to the nest has on activating foragers to leave the nest in search of the resource. Under our experimental conditions, adding a scented 2.0 M sucrose solution to the nest doubled the average rate of departure. No increase occurred when the same amount of water was added as a control. This mass activation of foragers may give colonies of this species a competitive edge by enhancing their ability to rapidly exploit new resources.
Coherence effects in hybridly mode-locked dye lasers: theory and experiment

A semiclassical model is presented for a synchronously-pumped mode-locked dye laser with a saturable absorber included in the cavity. The model is verified through comparison with experiments performed on a commercially available hybridly mode-locked dye laser operating with separate jets of rhodamine 6G and DODCI/DQOCI. The effects of varying the absorber molarity and the saturation parameter are mapped theoretically for two different saturable absorber dyes, DODCI and DQOCI. The model predicts a pulse shape and therefore allows more detailed interpretation of measured autocorrelations. A better understanding of this important ultrashort pulse laser system is gained, and possible ways to improve performance are suggested. >
The challenges of determining RA disease activity and remission in clinical practice.

Although useful in clinical trials, current measures of RA activity have important limitations when used in clinical practice. In this Viewpoint, Drs Wolfe and Michaud discuss the limitations of these activity scales and indices, and recommend that clinicians use these measures in combination with longitudinal data and additional non-questionnaire information about the patient.
Rousseau's theory of wealth

(1986). Rousseau's theory of wealth. History of European Ideas: Vol. 7, No. 5, pp. 453-467.
Using Reflective Thinking to Enhance Decision Skills, Cultural Sensitivity, and Teamwork

In this paper, we describe combining a reflective thinking technique (reflection-on-action/reflection-in-action) and the Myers-Briggs Personality Indicator to prepare students for meaningful and successful participation in the global environment of marketing. We discuss the practical considerations of using this pedagogy. Results from a pre- and posttest are provided, as well as a discussion of its adaptability to other settings.
THE RESTRICTED SPIN MODEL

We present a novel anisotropic Heisenberg model in which the classical spin is restricted to a region of the unit sphere which depends on the value of the anisotropy parameter Δ. In the limit Δ→1, we recover the Ising model, and in the limit Δ→0, the isotopic Heisenberg model. Monte Carlo calculations are used to compare the critical temperature as a function of the anisotropy parameter for the restricted and unrestricted models, and finite-size scaling analysis leads to the conclusion that for all Δ>0 the model belongs to the Ising universality class. For small A the critical behavior is clearly seen in histograms of the transverse and longitudinal (z) components of the magnetization.
Ultrasound-guided percutaneous insertion of Hickman lines in children. Prospective study of 500 consecutive procedures.

Abstract Aim The ultrasound-guided percutaneous technique of Hickman line insertion has not been widely adopted in pediatric surgical practice. We wished to review our own experience of using this technique for insertion into the internal jugular vein. Methods Our vascular access team consists of a consultant surgeon and 2 consultant anesthetists. All procedures were prospectively recorded on a database and were either performed or directly supervised by our team. Results Five hundred consecutive Hickman lines were inserted between June 2004 and October 2006. Patients' ages ranged from 14 days to 19 years (median, 44 months). Patients weighed between 600 g to more than 100 kg. Lines inserted were all tunneled silicone Hickman lines with a Dacron cuff (size 2.7F-10F, with 1-3 lumens), of which 60% were 7F double-lumen lines. Successful cannulation occurred in 99.8%. Perioperative complications (within 30 days) occurred in 12 patients (2.4%) and were all treated conservatively with no need for either blood transfusion or chest drain. Catheter-related sepsis rate was 3.16 per 1000 line days. Discussion 1.The technique of ultrasound-guided percutaneous insertion of Hickman line to the internal jugular vein is safe and is applicable to all children regardless of size, age, or diagnosis. 2.Pediatric surgeons and anesthetists can learn this technique without specific training in interventional radiology. 3.A learning curve does exist, and we recommend concentrating pediatric vascular access procedures to a specialist team.
Toxoplasmosis in cats: diagnosis, treatment and prevention.

Abstract The clinical and parasitologic features of toxoplasmosis, serologic diagnosis, treatment, transmission and prevention are discussed.
Mechanical oscillation and cooling actuated by the optical gradient force.

In this work, we combine the large per-photon optical gradient force with the sensitive feedback of a high quality factor whispering-gallery microcavity. The cavity geometry, consisting of a pair of silica disks separated by a nanoscale gap, shows extremely strong dynamical backaction, powerful enough to excite coherent oscillations even under heavily damped conditions (mechanical Q≈4). In vacuum, the threshold for regenerative mechanical oscillation is lowered to an optical input power of only 270 nW, or roughly 1000 stored cavity photons, and efficient cooling of the mechanical motion is obtained with a temperature compression factor of nearly 14 dB with an input optical power of only 11 µW.
Improving the quality of pneumonia care that patients experience

Abstract Purpose Although many hospitals have reported attempts to reduce length of stay for patients hospitalized with community-acquired pneumonia, few have included efforts to educate patients to prepare them for earlier discharges. We aimed to improve patients' knowledge about pneumonia and their experiences with inpatient care as part of a multifaceted intervention that included attempts to reduce unnecessary time on intravenous antibiotics and length of hospital stay. Methods We developed guidelines for the appropriate duration of intravenous antibiotics in patients with community-acquired pneumonia and collected baseline data retrospectively on patients discharged from October 1996 through April 1997. We surveyed these patients to assess knowledge and experience with care. Beginning in July 1997, we conducted a series of physician and nurse educational interventions (lectures, feedback of performance data, one-on-one education by peers). Patients received education about pneumonia from their nurses and a specially developed educational brochure. Following the interventions, we collected clinical and survey data on patients with pneumonia discharged from October 1997 through April 1998. Results Among patients who responded to the survey (163 in the preintervention period; 114 in the postintervention period), fewer reported that no one went out of the way to help them (preintervention, 37% [n = 60]; postintervention, 6% [n = 7]; P = 0.001), more reported that they received all the information they needed to recover (75% [n = 122] vs. 94% [n = 107], P = 0.02), and more reported that they were told about danger signals of relapse (46% [n = 75] vs. 60% [n = 68], P = 0.03). Mean (± SD) time on intravenous antibiotics decreased from 5.0 ± 3.7 days to 4.3 ± 3.3 days ( P = 0.04). Conclusion The interventions improved patients' knowledge and experiences with care, while decreasing time on intravenous antibiotics.
Harvested human neurons engineered as live nervous tissue constructs: implications for transplantation. Laboratory investigation.

Object Although neuron transplantation to repair the nervous system has shown promise in animal models, there are few practical sources of viable neurons for clinical application and insufficient approaches to bridge extensive nerve damage in patients. Therefore, the authors sought a clinically relevant source of neurons that could be engineered into transplantable nervous tissue constructs. The authors chose to evaluate human dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons due to their robustness in culture. Methods Cervical DRGs were harvested from 16 live patients following elective ganglionectomies, and thoracic DRGs were harvested from 4 organ donor patients. Following harvest, the DRGs were digested in a dispase–collagenase treatment to dissociate neurons for culture. In addition, dissociated human DRG neurons were placed in a specially designed axon expansion chamber that induces continuous mechanical tension on axon fascicles spanning 2 populations of neurons originally plated ∼ 100 μm apart. Results The adult...
Cultural Networks and UNESCO: Fostering Heritage Preservation Betwixt Idealism and Participation

Cultural issues are prominent in UNESCO and almost define the identity of the organization. Despite the various controversies, this essay will demonstrate that the most durable influence of UNESCO's contributions to cultural heritage is in mobilizing global cultural networks that inform the collective understandings and governance of this issue. The recognition that cultural heritage is linked to economic development provides added importance to cultural networks linked with UNESCO. Nevertheless, this essay also shows that cultural governance at UNESCO has favored top-down decision-making, which often marginalizes local communities immediately impacted by the links with tourism, economic development, and cultural heritage. The essay explores cases that may provide exemplars for participatory development, policy priorities, and UNESCO expertise.
Multisensor fusion description using category theory

Data fusion as a science has been described in the literature in great detail by many authors, particularly over the last two decades. These descriptions are, for the vast majority, non-mathematical in nature and have lacked the symbolism and clarity of mathematical precision. This paper demonstrates a way of describing the science of data fusion using diagrams and category theory. The description begins with a clear definition of what fusion is in a mathematical sense. Then category theory is applied to develop a generic category of object-fusion. Using a simple diagram of a multisensor process, several categories are developed. Fusion rules, called fusors, are described paving the way for development of a theory of optimization of fusors over categories.
Emphysema and Chronic Bronchitis

The diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is predicated upon the recognition of its two major forms: emphysema and chronic bronchitis. These distinct entities represent different manifestations of COPD, although they frequently coexist in the same individual. Physiologic impairment occurs as a consequence of the impediment of airflow and air trapping as measured by pulmonary function testing. Other forms of airflow obstruction are discussed in the chapters on bronchial obstruction (Chapter 5), asthma (Chapter 15), and pathology of small airways (Chapter 25).
Neural Substrates of Response-based Sequence Learning using fMRI

Representation of sequential structure can occur with respect to the order of perceptual events or the order in which actions are linked. Neural correlates of sequence retrieval associated with the order of motor responses were identified in a variant of the serial reaction time task in which training occurred with a spatially incompatible mapping between stimuli and finger responses. After transfer to a spatially compatible version of the task, performance enhancements indicative of learning were only present in subjects required to make finger movements in the same order used during training. In contrast, a second group of subjects performed the compatible task using an identical sequence of stimuli (and different order of finger movements) as in training. They demonstrated no performance benefit, indicating that learning was response based. Analysis was restricted to subjects demonstrating low recall of the sequence structure to rule out effects of explicit awareness. The interaction of group (motor vs. perceptual transfer) with sequence retrieval (sequencing vs. rest) revealed significantly greater activation in the bilateral supplementary motor area, cingulate motor area, ventral premotor cortex, left caudate, and inferior parietal lobule for subjects in the motor group (illustrating successful sequence retrieval at the response level). Retrieval of sequential responses occurs within mesial motor areas and related motor planning areas.
How Does Tenure Status Impact Library Usage: A study of LaGuardia Community College

This study explores how LaGuardia Community College faculty use library resources for personal research. Faculty were given a survey of library usage patterns, as well as their attitude toward the LaGuardia library and libraries in general. Findings indicate tenured faculty more likely to use the LaGuardia library than untenured faculty.
Active learning in small to large courses

This paper presents the authors' experiences promoting active learning in programming courses from introductory to advanced levels. They use a variety of techniques as their courses vary greatly in size and their facilities vary in layout and equipment. For large lectures, they present active interludes that require students to work in small groups, respond to periodic polls, or help a professor program. For moderately sized courses, they ask students to work in groups and share their observations with the class. Finally, in their interactive computer classroom they have almost completely departed from long lectures to run the course in a workshop format, giving students a chance to work on the computer almost everyday in a supervised, safe environment. In short, although these techniques often require longer preparation time, they show that active learning can be done in any classroom situation and students must be active everyday to remain engaged in the material.
Characterization of the Aspergillus parasiticus Δ12-desaturase gene: a role for lipid metabolism in the Aspergillus–seed interaction

In the mycotoxigenic oilseed pathogens Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus and the model filamentous fungus Aspergillus nidulans, unsaturated fatty acids and their derivatives act as important developmental signals that affect asexual conidiospore, sexual ascospore and/or sclerotial development. To dissect the relationship between lipid metabolism and fungal development, an A. parasiticus Δ12-desaturase mutant that was unable to convert oleic acid to linoleic acid and was thus impaired in polyunsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis was generated. The Δ12-desaturase mutant demonstrates delayed spore germination, a twofold reduction in growth, a reduced level of conidiation and complete loss of sclerotial development, compared to the wild-type. Host colonization is impaired, as reflected by a decrease in conidial production on live peanut and corn seed by the mutant compared to the wild-type. Similarly, the previously isolated A. nidulans Δ12-desaturase mutant has reduced colonization capabilities compared to the wild-type. Therefore, desaturation mutants display a key requisite that affords a genetic solution to oilseed crop contamination by mycotoxigenic Aspergillus species: a reduction in the production of conidia, the infectious particle of the pathogenic aspergilli.
Reduced switch NPC-based transformerless PV inverter by developed switching pattern

The neutral point clamped (NPC) topology and its derived topologies are getting more and more widespread in the application of transformerless photovoltaic (PV) inverters as the key elements for integration of power conversion in order to improve efficiency, practicality and reliability of PV systems. The regular, active and Conergy topologies have been proven that they are very suitable due to high efficiency, low leakage current and electromagnetic interference (EMI). This paper discusses a one-switch-reduced NPC-based structure compared with Conergy NPC topology with potential for reduced cost and increased efficiency. In addition, an elegant switching function is presented and implemented here with decreased complexity, with respect to the Conergy topology, via a bidirectional switch (BDS) logic that is independent of the grid current direction. The theoretical discussion, real-time data and experimental results are provided to validate performance of the proposed converter.
Metrics and Connections for Rigid-Body Kinematics:

The set of rigid-body motions forms a Lie group called SE(3), the special Euclidean group in three dimensions. In this paper, we investigate possilble choices of Riemannian metrics and affine conne...
Network-centric architecture to enable secure communications and discovery

In organizations today there exists an amplified need for increased integration and collaboration within and across organizational boundaries. With the emergence of Web service technologies, has come a significant architectural shift in service oriented architectures (SOA). Built on pervasive technologies such as HTTP and XML, Web Services has the potential to gain broad adoption over its predecessors such as DCOM and CORBA and has the support of industry leaders such as Sun Microsystems, Microsoft, and IBM. Web Services technology is well positioned to become the primary solution for business integration and collaboration problems due to its decentralized, loosely coupled, and highly interoperable architecture. This highly interoperable architecture allows Web Services to be consumed and built using any development technology that supports the simple object access protocol (SOAP), the foundation of Web services communications. However, securing and utilizing Web services within a SOA introduces new obstacles that cannot be fully addressed by existing information technology (IT) solutions.
Toward wisdom in procedural reasoning: DBI, not BDI

Belief, desire, intention (BDI) procedural reasoning agent systems are founded on philosophic presuppositions that may be reassessed to aid the construction of sapient (wise) agents. We propose a fundamental shift in order from BDI to DBI such that desire precedes belief and intention. This reordering may improve the ability of agent systems to wisely utilize procedural reasoning. This reordering to DBI is driven by interdisciplinary integration including the process philosophy of Alfred North Whitehead and philosophy of embodiment of George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. Their philosophic shift aids the redefinition of desire as the perception of affordances in the world. This new degree of freedom in the operation of procedural reasoning enables the use of human-in-the-loop evaluation qualities of aesthetic, affective, and emotional value structures or cue saliency constellations. These affective symbolisms may support dynamic restructuring necessary for wisely adapting procedures to unknowable futures.
Cationic Polypeptides Are Required for Antibacterial Activity of Human Airway Fluid

In a search for direct evidence leading to the biological relevance of airway secretions in innate host defense, we characterized the antibacterial function of cationic polypeptides within minimally manipulated nasal fluid. In this study, we show that cationic antimicrobial polypeptides are responsible for most of the bactericidal activity of whole nasal fluid. The removal of cationic polypeptides using a cation-exchange resin ablated the activity of nasal fluid against Escherichia coli, Listeria monocytogenes, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. By using a novel proteomic approach, we identified a dozen cationic peptides and proteins within nasal fluid, all of which either are known antimicrobial polypeptides or have other proposed roles in host defense. Of the three most abundant cationic polypeptides in nasal fluid, lysozyme was more effective than either lactoferrin or secretory leukoprotease inhibitor in restoring the antibacterial activity of the cationic polypeptide-depleted fluid against a mucoid cystic fibrosis isolate of P. aeruginosa.
5-HT receptors mediate lineage-dependent effects of serotonin on adult neurogenesis in Procambarus clarkii

Background Serotonin (5-HT) is a potent regulator of adult neurogenesis in the crustacean brain, as in the vertebrate brain. However, there are relatively few data regarding the mechanisms of serotonin's action and which precursor cells are targeted. Therefore, we exploited the spatial separation of the neuronal precursor lineage that generates adult-born neurons in the crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) brain to determine which generation(s) is influenced by serotonin, and to identify and localize serotonin receptor subtypes underlying these effects.
A study of the energetics and economics of microalgal mass culture with the marine chlorophyte Tetraselmis suecica: implications for use of power plant stack gases.

The marine phytoplankter Tetraselmis suecica was grown in shallow outdoor flumes for a period of approximately 6 months at the Natural Energy Laboratory of Hawaii. In full sunlight, gross production rates were 15–20 g C m−2 d−1. The corresponding photosynthetic efficiencies (PE's) were 9–10%. Respiration losses removed about half the gross production. The CO2 utilization efficiencies of 96 ± 11% were achieved by bubbling CO2 into the culture with the use of a counterflow sump system. Adding the CO2 in the form of carbonated water resulted in utilization efficiencies of 81 ± 11%. Archimedes screws proved superior to both paddle wheels and propellers as a means of circulating the water in the flumes. Insertion of foil arrays into the flumes to effect systematic mixing of the culture significantly enhanced production. The enhancement was greater when the foils were oriented at a small angle relative to the horizontal than when they were oriented at the same angle relative to the vertical. Light modulation effects are implicated as the probable cause of most of the enhancement. Substitution of electric power plant stack gases for pure CO2 resulted in no significant change in the production of T. suecica grown in chemostat culture.
FERROELECTRIC VARACTOR SHUNT SWITCHES FOR BROADBAND PHASE CONTROL APPLICATIONS

ABSTRACT Our research group has recently demonstrated the operation of ferroelectric varactor shunt switches. The device operation is based on the nonlinear dielectric tunability of a barium strontium titanate (BST 60/40) thin-film sandwiched between two metal layers in a parallel plate configuration. A 4:1 change in the varactor capacitance has been achieved with a bias voltage < 10 V, through optimization of the nanostructured BST thin-film fabrication process on high resistivity Si substrates. In this work, we investigated the varactor shunt switches for broadband phase control applications. Varactor shunt switches and cascaded shunt switches were used for phase control circuits, due to the large phase shifts possible as a result of the dc bias dependent tunability of the varactor. The differential phase shift can be defined as the difference between the phase of S21 at a dc bias voltage and zero-bias. The measured differential phase shift for a single varactor shunt switch was 30 ± 2 degrees between 8...
The high-affinity phosphate transporter Pst is a virulence factor for Proteus mirabilis during complicated urinary tract infection

Proteus mirabilis is a ubiquitous bacterium associated with complicated urinary tract infection (UTI). Mutagenesis studies of the wild-type strain HI4320 in the CBA mouse model of ascending UTIs have identified attenuated mutants with transposon insertions in genes encoding the high-affinity phosphate transporter Pst (pstS, pstA). The transcription of the pst operon (pstSCAB-phoU) and other members of the phosphate regulon of Escherichia coli, including alkaline phosphatase (AP), are regulated by the two-component regulatory system PhoBR and are repressed until times of phosphate starvation. This normal suppression was relieved in pstS∷Tn5 and pstA∷Tn5 mutants, which constitutively produced AP regardless of growth conditions. No significant growth defects were observed in vitro for the pst mutants during the independent culture or coculture studies in rich broth, phosphate-limiting minimal salts medium, or human urine. Mutants complemented with the complete pst operon repressed AP synthesis in vitro and colonized the mouse bladder in numbers comparable to the wild-type strain HI4320. Therefore, the Pst transport system imparts a significant in vivo advantage to wild-type P. mirabilis that is not required for in vitro growth. Thus, the Pst transporter has satisfied molecular Koch's postulates as a virulence factor in the pathogenesis of urinary tract infection caused by P. mirabilis.
A new parallel LU decomposition method

A new method for parallel decomposition of a sparse matrix is presented. The architectural model is a multiprocessor hypercube. The development of this method is based on two concepts, namely, the data flow computer and the path graph. Also, a sparse-oriented operational sequence matrix C is used to store and manipulate the data flow. The C matrix presents the time units and the sequence of all divide and update operations in the LU decomposition. From the C matrix, the minimal completion time, the critical path, and the scheduling of the processors for the LU decomposition can be determined. The proposed method recognizes the fact that the operating times units among division, multiplication, and subtraction in the processor are not the same. Also, communication overhead is included. A number of power systems have been implemented and a number of conditions have been simulated to evaluate the performance of the proposed method. The results are presented and discussed. >
Energy-quality tradeoffs in sensor tracking: selective activation with noisy measurements

Energy-efficient tracking of a target using a sensor network has received significant attention in recent research. Our earlier study on energy-quality tradeoffs in target tracking with binary sensors showed that optimal selective activation of sensor nodes based on prediction of the target's trajectory could achieve orders of magnitude savings in the energy expenditure over naive and random activation, while achieving almost the same tracking quality. In this paper, we consider a more realistic sensor model and extend the analysis of activation strategies to account for the presence of noise in sensor measurements. Our results confirm that the best quality of tracking that can be obtained with selective activation depends on the noise level in sensor measurements and that the optimal radius of activation depends on the noise level and the density of deployment. We also show how duty cycling with selective activation can be used to obtain flexible tradeoffs between the energy expenditure and quality of tracking.
Strategies for the generation of neuronal diversity in the developing central nervous system

During development, the neural tube produces a large diversity of neuronal phenotypes from a morphologically homogeneous pool of precursor cells. In recent years, the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which specific types of neurons are generated have been explored, in the hope of discovering features common to development throughout the nervous system. This article focuses on three strategies employed by the CNS to generate distinct classes of neuronal phenotypes during development: dorsal-ventral polarization in the spinal cord, segmentation in the hindbrain, and a lamination in the cerebral cortex. The mechanisms for neurogenesis exemplified by these three strategies range from a relatively rigid, cell lineage-dependent specification with a high degree of subservance to early patterns of gene expression, to inductions and cell-cell interactions that determine cell fates more flexibly.
Epistemology, metacognition, and self-regulation: musings on an emerging field

The contributors to this special issue explore the connections between metacognition and personal epistemology. This commentary on the five articles addresses definitional concerns regarding both epistemology and metacognition, discusses the conceptual relation between the constructs, critiques methodological approaches, and suggests developmental considerations in this type of research.
ACQUIRED RESISTANCE OF BLUEGILL SUNFISH LEPOMIS MACROCHIRUS TO GLOCHIDIA LARVAE OF THE FRESHWATER MUSSEL UTTERBACKIA IMBECILLIS (BIVALVIA: UNIONIDAE) AFTER MULTIPLE INFECTIONS

The effects of multiple infections on the host-parasite relationship between bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) and parasitic glochidial larvae of the freshwater mussel Utterbackia imbecillis were examined. Naive, young-of-the-year bluegills were infected with glochidia and placed in individual observation chambers. Each day, water was drained from each chamber and the numbers of dead glochidia, live glochidia, partially metamorphosed glochidia, and fully metamorphosed juvenile mussels were counted. The same fishes were infected a total of 4 times. After 2 infections, the fish began to exhibit evidence of acquired resistance to glochidia. During the third and fourth infections, this resistance was clearly evidenced by the marked increase in the percentage of dead and live glochidia shed during the first 5 days of the infection and by the significant decrease in the success of metamorphosis. The total number of glochidia that successfully attached to the fish decreased significantly during the fourth infection relative to the first. The number of larvae attached to the host fish was positively correlated with the size of the fish during the first infection but was negatively correlated during all subsequent infections. Variance to mean ratios indicated that larvae were aggregated among host fishes during the infections. This study has important implications in propagation and conservation efforts of this endangered group of organisms.
Optimal selection of blocked robust parameter designs and their applications

Blocking is a useful technique to control systematic variation in experiments. Robust parameter design is widely used as an effective tool to reduce process variability by appropriate selection of control factors to make the process insensitive to noise. In this paper, we propose and study a method for selecting the optimal blocked robust parameter designs when some of the control-by-noise interactions are included in the model. We then discuss how to search for the best designs according to this method and present some results for designs of 8 and 16 runs.
Electrogenic 2 Na/1 H antiport in crustacean epithelium is inhibited by a monoclonal antibody

We have previously published evidence that suggests that Na/H exchange in crustacean and echinoderm epithelia occurs by an electrogenic antiporter protein with two external cation binding sites that accommodate Na, amiloride, or Ca and display a 2:1 monovalent cation antiport stoichiometry. The present study is an initial investigation into the molecular biology of this invertebrate electrogenic exchanger to ascertain its structural similarity to the analogous vertebrate electroneutral antiport system. A panel of monoclonal antibodies was prepared against components of lobster hepatopancreatic epithelial brush-border membranes and assayed immunohistochemically and by Western blotting. The antibodies were tested further in functional assays for their ability to interfere with electrogenic 2 Na/1 H antiport in isolated hepatopancreatic brush-border membrane vesicles. One cell line was identified producing an antibody that significantly inhibited the electrogenic exchange of cations by these membrane preparations and recognized a single protein band on Western blots of hepatopancreas, antennal gland, and gill epithelia corresponding to a molecular mass of 185 kDa. The existence of such an antibody probe may facilitate the purification of the electrogenic antiporter under denaturing conditions, in in vitro expression systems, or in prokaryotic expression libraries.
Was it justified? Applying attribution theory to corporate violence

AbstractDespite increasing public concern about corporate crime, socio-demographic variation in perceived seriousness and punitiveness continues to emerge. This study investigates whether differences in opinion about corporate violence originate from adherence to either dispositional or situational blame attribution styles. Four hundred and eight participants completed an online survey that measured their attribution style as well as their perceived seriousness of corporate violence, and punitiveness toward its perpetrators. Results of statistical analyses bring partial support for attribution theory. As expected, subjects more likely to endorse a dispositional attribution style (e.g. Blacks) generally displayed greater perceived seriousness of corporate violence and punitiveness toward its perpetrators. Nevertheless, the hypothesis that right-leaning political and religious ideology was predictive of a situational attribution style received little support. This study provides support for Unnever, Benson ...
Permanent anterior dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint

We report two patients with permanent dislocation of the proximal tibiofibular joint and no history of trauma. Both needed operation, one for persistent pain and the other for common peroneal nerve involvement, and both had a good result.
Enzymic activities in Calvatia cyathiformis during and after meiosis.

(1966). Enzymic Activities in Calvatia Cyathiformis During and After Meiosis. Mycologia: Vol. 58, No. 4, pp. 555-561.
Beyond the Feminine Mystique: A Reassessment of Postwar Mass Culture, 1946–1958

In 1963 Betty Friedan published The Feminine Mystique, an instant best seller. Friedan argued, often brilliantly, that American women, especially suburban women, suffered from deep discontent. In the postwar era, she wrote, journalists, educators, advertisers, and social scientists had pulled women into the home with an ideological stranglehold, the "feminine mystique." This repressive "image" held that women could "find fulfillment only in sexual passivity, male domination, and nurturing maternal love." It denied "women careers or any commitment outside the home" and "narrowed woman's world down to the home, cut her role back to housewife." In Friedan's formulation, the writers and editors of mass-circulation magazines, especially women's magazines, were the "Frankensteins" who had created this "feminine monster." In her defense of women, Friedan did not choose a typical liberal feminist language of rights, equality, or even justice. Influenced by the new human potential psychology, she argued instead that full-time domesticity stunted women and denied their "basic human need to grow." For Friedan, women and men found personal identity and fulfillment through individual achievement, most notably through careers. Without such growth, she claimed, women would remain unfulfilled and unhappy, and children would suffer at the hands of neurotic mothers.' The Feminine Mystique had an indisputable impact. Hundreds of women have testified that the book changed their lives, and historical accounts often credit it
Japanese Beetles: Shielded Traps to Increase Captures

Gonnewardene et al. (1970) and Ladd (1970) demonstrated the presence of a sex attractant in the Japanese beetle, Popillia japonica Newman, by placing females in the bait wells of Ellisco® Japanese beetle traps and recording the numbers captured. Other observations by personnel of the Japanese Beetle and European Chafer Investigations Laboratory, formerly at Moorestown, N. J., revealed that traps baited with chemical lures captured virgin females and that these captured females lured many beetles to the outside of the top of the collection canister (Fig. 1). We conducted the present test to determine whether elimination of the landing sites by shielding the base of the capture funnel, the canister, or both, would increase captures of beetles.
Hydrogel Composite as a Nucleus Pulposus Replacement Designed to Resist Extrusion While Maintaining Functional Material Properties

This study pursues the design of a nucleus pulposus replacement device which can be placed using minimally invasive surgical techniques, has the correct material properties, and resists extrusion. A composite of open-celled foam and agar was studied in both unconfined and confined compression, the latter with a simulated annular defect (radial tear simulation). It was found that by compositing the agar into the open-cell foam, there is an increase in the yield strength and stiffness in unconfined compression. In the radial tear simulator, the composite material exhibited linearly increasing stress to further extrusion after the initial yield compared to the agar, which exhibited no increase in stress for continued extrusion after the yield point.© 2010 ASME
Inhibition of p-aminohippurate transport by cholegraphic agents.

Summary and DiscussionThese data show that under proper conditions, and at an appropriate dose, the cholecystography agents can inhibit the transport of PAH both in vitro and in vivo. By inference, this suggests that these agents, or their glucuronide conjugates, may participate in the organic acid transport mechanism of the proximal tubule. This has been demonstrated for iophenoxic acid in a separate study (unpublished observations). Definitive experiments on the other oral agents are not available. In the case of iodipamide, its modest inhibition of PAH secretion in the dog can probably not be attributed to its own participation in proximal transort, since Berndt and Mudge (7) could find no evidence for iodipamide secretion in the dog, although it was demonstrable in the rabbit. Using far larger doses, Lindgren (8) has found marked renal hemodynamic responses to this agent.A major problem posed by these studies is the evaluation of in vivo inhibitory potency. Presumably, either total plasma concentratio...
476 VOCAL FOLD HEIGHT ASYMMETRY AND EFFECTS ON PHONATION ONSET AND VIBRATORY BEHAVIOR IN EXCISED HUMAN LARYNGES.

Superior laryngeal nerve (SLN) paralysis results in abnormalities in voice, but it is not clear what occurs at the level of the vocal fold. One theory is that SLN paralysis leads to vocal fold height asymmetry, with the paralyzed vocal fold at a higher vertical position than the normal fold. We examined vocal fold height asymmetry to determine whether this could explain symptoms experienced by patients with SLN paralysis. It was hypothesized that the height asymmetry of the cords contributes to the breathiness, hoarseness, and vocal fatigue that appear in SLN paralysis because the vocal cord mismatch causes an incomplete glottal closure. This allows for air to escape and thus results in decreased vocal efficiency. Using an excised larynx model with induced cord height asymmetry, the team measured changes in vocal fold open quotient, glottal midline, vibratory behavior, and subglottic pressure and flow at phonation onset. Arytenoid adduction sutures allowed for glottic approximation, and sutures placed on the vocal processes created the height asymmetry. A high-speed camera was used to record images. Height asymmetry was found to cause an increased vocal fold open quotient, higher phonation-onset subglottic pressure and flow, vocal fold desynchronization, a shifting glottal midline, and complex vibratory behavior with numerous modes of vibration. Individuals with SLN paralysis may have to exert more pressure and airflow because of these factors, causing fatigue and hoarseness, and may also have less closure of their vocal cords, as indicated by the increased open quotient, contributing to breathiness. This suggests that vocal fold height asymmetry can potentially explain the symptoms of SLN paralysis.
Lowenfeld at Hampton (1939-1946): Empowerment, Resistance, Activism, and Pedagogy

Viktor Lowenfeld (1903-1960) has been abundantly documented as having influenced art teaching in the United States. Scarce attention, however, has been given to the significant and remarkable advan...
Perceived risk for severe outcomes and drinking status among drug users with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)

Abstract Objective Among drug users with HIV and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections, heavy drinking can pose significant risks to health. Yet many drug users with HIV and HCV drink heavily. Clarifying the relationship of drug-using patients' understanding of their illnesses to their drinking behavior could facilitate more effective intervention with these high-risk groups. Method Among samples of drug users infected with HIV ( n = 476; 70% male) and HCV ( n = 1145; 81% male) recruited from drug treatment clinics, we investigated whether patients' perceptions of the risk for severe outcomes related to HIV and HCV were associated with their personal drinking behavior, using generalized logit models. Interactions with co-infection status were also explored. Results HIV-infected drug users who believed that HIV held highest risk for serious outcomes were the most likely to be risky drinkers, when compared with those with less severe perceptions, X 2 (6) = 14.19, p X 2 (6) = 12.98, p Conclusions In this sample of drug users, risky drinking was most common among those with HIV who believed that severe outcomes were inevitable, suggesting that conveying the message that HIV always leads to severe outcomes may be counterproductive in decreasing risky drinking in this group. However, risky drinking was most common among those with HCV who believed that severe outcomes were somewhat likely. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms of these associations.
TAVR Risk Assessment: Does the Eyeball Test Have 20/20 Vision, or Can We Do Better?

Accurate risk assessment for any medical procedure is a critical component of patient informed consent. Initial clinical assessment methods involved the “eyeball test” or the “end of bed-o-gram” to predict the likelihood that a patient would survive a planned procedure without major
How gender and reformed introductory physics impacts student success in advanced physics courses and continuation in the physics major

There is no penalty in upper-level courses on physics majors who take introductory physics in an active learning format.
Optimization of Curvilinear Needle Trajectories for Transforamenal Hippocampotomy.

Background The recent development of MRI-guided laser-induced thermal therapy (LITT) offers a minimally invasive alternative to craniotomies performed for tumor resection or for amygdalohippocampectomy to control seizure disorders. Current LITT therapies rely on linear stereotactic trajectories that mandate twist-drill entry into the skull and potentially long approaches traversing healthy brain. The use of robotically-driven, telescoping, curved needles has the potential to reduce procedure invasiveness by tailoring trajectories to the curved shape of the ablated structure and by enabling access through natural orifices. Objective To investigate the feasibility of using a concentric tube robot to access the hippocampus through the foramen ovale to deliver thermal therapy and thereby provide a percutaneous treatment for epilepsy without drilling the skull. Methods The skull and both hippocampi were segmented from dual CT/MR image volumes for 10 patients. For each of the 20 hippocampi, a concentric tube robot was designed and optimized to traverse a trajectory from the foramen ovale to and through the hippocampus from head to tail. Results Across all 20 cases, the mean distances (error) between hippocampus medial axis and backbone of the needle were 0.55 mm, 1.11 mm, and 1.66 mm for best, mean, and worst case, respectively. Conclusion These curvilinear trajectories would provide accurate transforamenal delivery of an ablation probe to typical hippocampus volumes. This strategy has the potential to both decrease the invasiveness of the procedure and increase the completeness of hippocampal ablation.
Multiple Nonspecific Sites of Joint Pain Outside the Knees Develop in Persons With Knee Pain.

Objective Many persons with knee pain have joint pain outside the knee, but despite the impact and high frequency of this pain, its distribution and causes have not been studied. We undertook this study to test the hypothesis of those studying gait abnormalities who have suggested that knee pain causes pain in adjacent joints but that pain adaptation strategies are highly individualized. Methods We studied persons ages 50–79 years with or at high risk of knee osteoarthritis who were recruited from 2 community-based cohorts, the Multicenter Osteoarthritis Study and the Osteoarthritis Initiative, and we followed them up for 5–7 years. We excluded those with knee pain at baseline and compared those who had developed knee pain at the first follow-up examination (the index visit) with those who had not. We examined pain on most days at joint regions outside the knee in examinations after the index visit. Logistic regression analyses examined the risk of joint-specific pain adjusted for age, sex, body mass index, and symptoms of depression, and we performed sensitivity analyses excluding those with widespread pain. Results In the combined cohorts, 693 persons had knee pain at the index visit and 2,793 did not. A total of 79.6% of those with bilateral knee pain and 63.8% of those with unilateral knee pain had pain during follow-up in a joint region outside the knee, compared with 49.9% of those without knee pain. There was an increased risk of pain at most extremity joint sites, without a predilection for specific sites. Results were unchanged when those with widespread pain were excluded. Conclusion Persons with chronic knee pain are at increased risk of pain in multiple joints in no specific pattern.
Diamonds, Development, and Dollars: A Case Study on a Newly Founded Gemological Lab in Botswana Aiming at Sustainable Community Empowerment

Drawing on a theoretical framework published elsewhere (Serdari 2016), this paper presents the development of a model gemological lab in Botswana (designed and implemented by Ms. Giovanna Federico, Ph.D. whom the author interviewed). The work poses questions on the nature of diamonds mining and its challenging relationship with natural resources and showcases best practices in reinforcing a sustainable value chain management by focusing on the following: production processes; employee relationships; employee training; and other related organizational issues. In other words, this case study touches on the idea of sustainable diamond mining through social and environmental performance. Luxury items such as quality diamonds are valued not only according to the Gemological Institute of America (GIA) 4Cs (Color, Clarity, Cut, Carats) but also based on the entire production process as previously published by the author in her piece on luxury production. The proposed case study showcases how luxury production processes reinforce initiatives on sustainability particularly in relation to economic empowerment. It also suggests that a fifth C, standing for Creator, would advance sustainability in the diamond industry by slowing down the process.