cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
An interfacial friction correlation for shell-side vertical two-phase cross-flow past horizontal in-line and staggered tube bundles

A correlation is presented for the interfacial friction factor between the gaseous and liquid phases in vertical two-phase flows past horizontal in-line and staggered tube bundles. The interfacial friction data were determined from pressure drop, void fraction, and mass flux data taken by Dowlati et al. (1990, 1992b) and Schrage et al. (1988). These data were correlated using two non-dimensional quantities: a Reynolds number based on the mixture density and relative velocity between the two phases, and the porosity of the tube bundle. These dependencies are explained in terms of the competing effects of viscosity and bouyancy and the influence of turbulence in the flow. The correlation is implemented in a numerical simulation of the recirculating shell-side flow encountered in kettle reboiler heat exchangers, the results of which are compared to the experimental observations of Cornwell et al. (1980).
Genetic variation in radiation-induced expression phenotypes

Studies have demonstrated that natural variation in the expression level of genes at baseline is extensive, and the determinants of this variation can be mapped by a genetic-linkage approach. In this study, we used lymphoblastoid cells to explore the variation in radiation-induced transcriptional changes. We found that, among normal individuals, there is extensive variation in transcriptional response to radiation exposure. By studying monozygotic twins, we demonstrated that there is evidence of a heritable component to this variation. The postradiation variation in the expression level of several genes, including the ferredoxin reductase gene (FDXR) and the cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 1A gene (CDKN1A), is significantly greater (P<.001) among twin pairs than within twin pairs. The induction of FDXR by radiation showed a bimodal distribution. Our findings have important implications for understanding the genetic basis of radiation response, which has remained largely unknown due to the lack of family material needed for genetic studies. Our approach, which uses expression phenotypes in cell lines, allows us to expose cells from family members to radiation. Similar study design can be applied to dissect the genetic basis of other complex human traits.
Quantum trajectory analysis of multimode subsystem-bath dynamics.

The dynamics of a swarm of quantum trajectories is investigated for systems involving the interaction of an active mode (the subsystem) with an M-mode harmonic reservoir (the bath). Equations of motion for the position, velocity, and action function for elements of the probability fluid are integrated in the Lagrangian (moving with the fluid) picture of quantum hydrodynamics. These fluid elements are coupled through the Bohm quantum potential and as a result evolve as a correlated ensemble. Wave function synthesis along the trajectories permits an exact description of the quantum dynamics for the evolving probability fluid. The approach is fully quantum mechanical and does not involve classical or semiclassical approximations. Computational results are presented for three systems involving the interaction on an active mode with $M=1,$ 10, and 15 bath modes. These results include configuration space trajectory evolution, flux analysis of the evolving ensemble, wave function synthesis along trajectories, and energy partitioning along specific trajectories. These results demonstrate the feasibility of using a small number of quantum trajectories to obtain accurate quantum results on some types of open quantum systems that are not amenable to standard quantum approaches involving basis set expansions or Eulerian space-fixed grids.
Performance and efficient design of packed bed thermal storage systems. Part 1

Abstract A simple model is presented which provides a qualitative understanding of axial dispersion in packed beds. In Part 1 of this paper the model is verified by comparison with results in the literature. Experimental verification will be given in Part 2. Temperature wave front velocities, storage tank geometry, the significance of natural convection, and convection coefficient instabilities are also discussed. The efficient design of packed bed thermal storage systems is emphasized.
Mouse eosinophil-associated ribonucleases: a unique subfamily expressed during hematopoiesis.

A unique family of ribonucleases was identified by exhaustive screening of genomic and cDNA libraries using a probe derived from a gene encoding a ribonuclease stored in the mouse eosinophil secondary granule. This family contains at least 13 genes, which encode ribonucleases, and two potential pseudogenes. The conserved sequence identity among these genes (∼70%), as well as the isolation/purification of these ribonucleases from eosinophil secondary granules, has led us to conclude that these genes form a unique clade in the mouse that we have identified as the Ear (Eosinophil-associated ribonuclease) gene family. Analyses of the nucleotide substitutions that have occurred among these ribonuclease genes reveal that duplication events within this family have been episodic, occurring within three unique periods during the past 18 × 106 years. Moreover, comparisons of non-synonymous (Ka) vs. synonymous (Ks) rates of nucleotide substitution show that although these genes conserve residues necessary for RNase activity, selective evolutionary pressure(s) exist such that acquired amino acid changes appear to be advantageous. The selective advantage of these amino acid changes is currently unclear, but the occurrence of this phenomenon in both the mouse and the human highlights the importance of these changes for Ear and, therefore, eosinophil effector function(s).
Coherent control using adaptive learning algorithms

We have constructed an automated learning apparatus to control quantum systems. By directing intense shaped ultrafast laser pulses into a variety of samples and using a measurement of the system as a feedback signal, we are able to reshape the laser pulses to direct the system into a desired state. The feedback signal is the input to an adaptive learning algorithm. This algorithm programs a computer-controlled, acousto-optic modulator pulse shaper. The learning algorithm generates new shaped laser pulses based on the success of previous pulses in achieving a predetermined goal.
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia in open heart surgical patients: Sequelae of late recognition☆

Abstract Most patients undergoing open heart operations have had exposure to heparin for diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedures. Heparin antibody formation and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with repeat heparin administration can cause high morbidity and mortality from thrombotic complications, especially when delay in diagnosis occurs. From 1981 to 1991, heparin-induced thrombocytepenia was diagnosed in 82 of 4,261 open heart surgical patients (1.9%). Platelet counts less than 100 × 10 9 /L (100,000/μL) or new or recurring thrombotic events prompted suspicion of heparin-induced thrombocytopenia. Heparin-dependent antibody was diagnosed preoperatively in 12 patients (group I) and postoperatively in 70 patients (group II). Heparin was not given postoperatively in group I patients, and complications in this group were limited to bleeding in 3 patients. There were no thromboembolic events and all patients survived. Group II patients had late recognition of heparin-dependent antibody postoperatively, and heparin exposure was continued for varying periods postoperatively. Thirty-seven group II patients (53%) had bleeding complications and 31 (44%) had thromboembolic complications. These complications led to death in 23 group II patients (33%). Heparin-dependent antibody may occur in patients having open heart operations and is a major cause of morbidity and mortality if not diagnosed early with cessation of heparin therapy.
Research Applications of a High Power Induction Linac

An induction linac offers a number of previously unexploited advantages for research and practical application. It possesses an inherent capability for high pulsed beam currents, large aperture, simple phasing conditions, arbitrary accelerated particle mass, simple multiplexing capability, and high power conversion efficiency. An accelerator is described with the following parameters: pulsed current - 2000 amps, energy - 36 MeV, repetition rate - 180 pps, and pulse width - 60 ns. As an electron accelerator the facility would be a very intense source of pulsed neutrons or ?-radiation. Two possible alternative power systems exist based either on multiple spark-gap switches or on magnetic compression methods. The capability of the facility will be reviewed for programs in neutron scattering for materials science, neutron nuclear science, photonuclear physics, photonuclear activation analysis, radiation processing, and other research. Neutron production targets capable of handling the full 750 keV of beam power will be described.
PERSISTENCE AND EXTINCTION IN CONTINUOUS AGE-STRUCTURED POPULATION MODELS

Abstract Survival analyses of populations are developed in a continuous process. Persistence and extinction criteria of a class of continuous age-structured population models with separable mortality function and fertility function are established by investigation of asymptotic behaviors of solutions of McKendrick-von Foerster equation.
Influence of Hydrogen Bonding on the Adhesive Properties of Photo-Curable Acrylics

Novel hot melt pressure sensitive adhesives (HMPSAs) were developed from acrylic terpolymers of 2-ethylhexyl acrylate (EHA), hydroxyethyl acrylate (HEA), and methyl acrylate (MA) functionalized with hydrogen bonding and photo-reactive functionalities. The hydrogen bonding and photo-reactive sites were introduced from the reaction of HEA repeat units with cyclohexyl isocyanate and cinnamoyl chloride, respectively. The functionalization reaction conditions were optimized to tailor the degree of urethane and cinnamate groups in order to examine the influence of hydrogen bonding and photo-active groups in low Tg acrylics. The synergy of hydrogen bonding and photo-reactivity resulted in higher peel values and rates of cinnamate photo-reactivity with increasing urethane concentration. The increase in cinnamate photo-reactivity with increasing urethane concentration provides evidence that hydrogen bond associations can promote cinnamate dimerization. Isothermal rheological experiments conducted at 150°C confirme...
Complete Sequence and Comparative Analysis of the Genome of Herpes B Virus (Cercopithecine Herpesvirus 1) from a Rhesus Monkey

The complete DNA sequence of herpes B virus (Cercopithecine herpesvirus 1) strain E2490, isolated from a rhesus macaque, was determined. The total genome length is 156,789 bp, with 74.5% G+C composition and overall genome organization characteristic of alphaherpesviruses. The first and last residues of the genome were defined by sequencing the cloned genomic termini. There were six origins of DNA replication in the genome due to tandem duplication of both oriL and oriS regions. Seventy-four genes were identified, and sequence homology to proteins known in herpes simplex viruses (HSVs) was observed in all cases but one. The degree of amino acid identity between B virus and HSV proteins ranged from 26.6% (US5) to 87.7% (US15). Unexpectedly, B virus lacked a homolog of the HSV gamma(1)34.5 gene, which encodes a neurovirulence factor. Absence of this gene was verified in two low-passage clinical isolates derived from a rhesus macaque and a zoonotically infected human. This finding suggests that B virus most likely utilizes mechanisms distinct from those of HSV to sustain efficient replication in neuronal cells. Despite the considerable differences in G+C content of the macaque and B virus genes (51% and 74.2%, respectively), codons used by B virus are optimal for the tRNA population of macaque cells. Complete sequence of the B virus genome will certainly facilitate identification of the genetic basis and possible molecular mechanisms of enhanced B virus neurovirulence in humans, which results in an 80% mortality rate following zoonotic infection.
Pre-illness cannabis use and the early course of nonaffective psychotic disorders: associations with premorbid functioning, the prodrome, and mode of onset of psychosis.

Abstract Introduction Limited research indicates that pre-illness cannabis use may result in an earlier age at onset of psychosis, though little is known about the influence of prior cannabis use on the premorbid and prodromal phases. This study examined the effects of prior or concurrent cannabis (as well as nicotine and alcohol) use on: (1) early adolescent (12–15 years) premorbid functioning, (2) late adolescent (16–18 years) premorbid functioning, (3) two features of the prodrome, and (4) mode of onset of psychosis. Methods Participants included 109 well-characterized first-episode patients hospitalized in public-sector settings. Assessments included ages at initiation of first, weekly, and daily use of substances, the Premorbid Adjustment Scale , the Symptom Onset in Schizophrenia inventory, and a consensus-based best estimate of mode of onset. Results Participants having used cannabis at ≤ 15 years had better early adolescence social functioning than those who had not used cannabis ( p = 0.02). Conversely, those who had used cannabis at ≤ 18 years had poorer late adolescence academic functioning ( p p = 0.04). Conclusions Findings suggest that cannabis use is associated with premorbid social and academic functioning and mode of onset. Further research is warranted to elucidate the complex associations between cannabis use and diverse early-course features.
Laser studies of internal conical diffraction. III. Second-harmonic conical refraction in α-iodic acid

The phenomenon of nonlinear conical refraction in a noncentrosymmetric biaxial crystal is investigated experimentally. Both free and forced second-harmonic cones are observed, depending on whether the incident laser pulse has wave normals encompassing the optic axis at the second-harmonic or the fundamental frequency, respectively. The photographically recorded second-harmonic intensity patterns at the wavelengths of 0.53 and 0.42 \ensuremath{\mu}m are in good agreement with theoretical predictions.
Tunable single-mode operation of a cw color-center laser in the near infrared.

A tunable cw IR color-center laser has been designed and built using the (F/sub 2//sup +/)( color-centers in NaF giving which provides an output power in excess of 50 mW in the 1.08 ..mu..m region. (AIP)
Heterogeneity of tissue dehydrogenases.

Abstract Rat tissue homogenates have been subjected to zone electrophoresis in starch gel. Lactate, malate, isocitrate, glucose 6-phosphate and α-glycerophosphate dehydrogenase activity was directly visualized by incubating the gel strips in solutions containing a specific substrate, a tetrazolium salt, methylene blue and the appropriate pyridine nucleotide. Electrophoretic heterogeneity of some of the dehydrogenases was observed in material from different organs. A similar multiplicity of components in some specific dehydrogenases was also demonstrated in cytologically homogeneous material including cells grown by tissue culture techniques. Significance of this multiplicity of enzymes is discussed.
From surveys to policies: Who to sample

Abstract It is argued that surveys (or polls), as characteristically conducted, are often a disservice to those in the public service—in particular to those who use survey information to initiate or impact public policy. The results of some recent issue-oriented surveys are provided, serving to illustrate how registered voter sentiments differ from those not registered. The observation is then made that the bulk of such surveys characteristically does not distinguish registered voters from those not registered, even though the former population is more likely to impact public policy. It is recommended that when surveys are to be designed for use by those in the public service, that the targeted universe be comprised of those citizens who are registered to vote. The advantages of this approach are noted. Moreover, should the policy context require it, it is suggested that those not registered to vote be included as an additional universe to survey. It is emphasized that if both universes are sampled, they should be clearly distinguished.
Degradation of glomerular basement membrane by a neutral metalloproteinase(s) present in glomeruli isolated from normal rat kidney

Incubation of glomerular homogenates (200ug protein) with glomerular basement membrane (GBM, 30–35ug hydroxyproline) at pH 7.5 for 36h at 37°C resulted in significant GBM degradation as measured by hydroxyproline release (40±6%, n=17). GBM degradation increased with increasing incubation time (12–48h) and glomerular protein concentration (50–250ug). GBM degradation was not significantly decreased by inhibitors of serine or cysteine proteinases or the inhibitor of bacterial metalloproteinases, phosphoramidon. In contrast GBM degradation by glomerular homogenates was markedly inhibited by the metal chelators 10mM EDTA (−95±3%, n=7) and 2mM 1,10-phenanthroline (−96±2%, n=4). Preincubation of glomerular homogenates with trypsin (followed by soya bean trypsin inhibitor) markedly stimulated GBM degradation (+103±20%, n=11). These results document the presence of a GBM-degrading, neutral metalloproteinase(s) in glomeruli suggesting an important role for this enzyme in glomerular pathophysiology.
Do State-Level Variables Affect Divorce Rates?

Concerns over the increasing divorce rate and the negative effects of divorce on the standard of living of women and their children have resulted in a growing body of literature on both the causes and consequences of divorce. While several studies discuss the determinants of divorce, few examine the effects of state-level variables on individuals' decisions to divorce. In this study, state-level variables including AFDC and food stamp payments, property distribution laws, waiting periods, and two measures of conservatism are merged with a micro data set in order to examine the effects of these variables as well as individual-level variables on the probability of divorce. Event history analysis indicates that the effects of the individual-level variables are consistent with previous work. Among the state-level variables, only the percentage of regular church-goers and the percentage of fundamentalists in the state have a significant impact on divorce. These results reject notions that liberal divorce laws ...
Effects of ovariectomy and estrogen replacement on dye coupling among rat supraoptic nucleus neurons.

Abstract Among magnocellular neurosecretory neurons (MNCs), the frequency of dye coupling, and thus also of electrotonic coupling, is reduced in male rats following castration. Testosterone replacement prevented this reduction suggesting a modulatory role for gonadal steroids. To determine whether gonadal steroids in females influenced coupling incidence. Lucifer yellow CH injections were made in MNCs in slices taken from ovariectomized rats, either untreated or implanted with capsules containing estradiol-17β or estradiol-17α, or from sham operated rats. In groups without biologically active estradiol, incidence of dye coupling was increased by 138%–169% over those with normal plasma levels, as measured by radioimmunoassay. We conclude that estradiol and testosterone have opposite effects on coupling frequency among MNCs and that the facilitatory effects of testosterone in males are unlikely to be via its aromatization to estrogen.
Laser Wavelength, Pressure and Temperature Dependence on the Stimulated Raman Scattering Gain in H2

Abstract The stimulated Raman scattering gain coefficient has been calculated for the Q01(1) vibrational transition in H2 at various pump laser wavelengths (126–1341 nm) in the density range of 5–100 amagats at room temperature (298K) as well as liquid nitrogen temperature (77K). Our calculations indicate that the Raman gain saturates at a density of about 70 amagats at a constant temperature in the range of 77–298K. The Raman gain is greater by a factor of ∼1.7 at 77K as compared to 298K at a constant density of H2. Such as Na, K, Cs, Pb, Bi and Ba, etc. The lightest molecule, i.e. H2 has the highest Raman shift (v=4155 cm−1) and gain as compared to other molecules used for the SRS processes. Theatomic vapors are also very attractive Raman media mainly because of their electronic energy levels, which are in close resonance with the pump laser wavelengths and thereby increasing the Raman gain at the Stokes wavelengths. Insome cases the conversion efficiency as high as 50% has been observed [17]. However, ...
Retention of laboratory diets containing corn kernels or leaves of different ages by larvae of the corn earworm and the fall armyworm.

Agar-based laboratory diets containing either lyophilized corn kernels or corn leaves of different ages were retained to significantly different degrees when they were fed on by 4th-instar larvae of the corn earworm, Heliothis zea (Boddie), and the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith). In general, the larvae gained more weight and retained more food when the diet contained younger kernels or leaves. Furthermore, diets containing kernels were retained to a greater extent by both species than diets containing leaves.
Stimulus Context Modulates Competition in Human Extrastriate Cortex

When multiple stimuli appear simultaneously in the visual field, they are not processed independently, but rather interact in a mutually suppressive way, suggesting that they compete for neural representation in visual cortex. The biased competition model of selective attention predicts that the competition can be influenced by both top-down and bottom-up mechanisms. Directed attention has been shown to bias competition in favor of the attended stimulus in extrastriate cortex. Here, we show that suppressive interactions among multiple stimuli are eliminated in extrastriate cortex when they are presented in the context of pop-out displays, in which a single item differs from the others, but not in heterogeneous displays, in which all items differ from each other. The pop-out effects seemed to originate in early visual cortex and were independent of attentional top-down control, suggesting that stimulus context may provide a powerful influence on neural competition in human visual cortex.
Text Messaging as an Adjunct to CBT in Low-Income Populations: A Usability and Feasibility Pilot Study.

This article outlines the development and usability–feasibility testing of an automated text-messaging adjunct to cognitive– behavioral therapy (CBT) for depression in a public sector clinic serving lowincome patients. The text-messaging adjunct is aimed at increasing homework adherence, improving self-awareness, and helping track patient progress. Daily text messages were sent to patients, inquiring about their mood. Additional daily messages corresponded to themes of a manualized group CBT intervention. These included (1) thought tracking (both positive and negative), (2) tracking of pleasant activities, (3) tracking of positive and negative contacts, and (4) tracking of physical well-being. We tested the adjunct in 2 CBT groups (1 English & 1 Spanish) consisting of 12 patients total during and after treatment. Participants responded at a rate of 65% to text messages, and they reported overall positive experiences. We propose that text messaging has the potential to improve mental health care broadly, and among low-income populations specifically, with cost-effective means.
A Robust Absorbing Boundary Condition for Compressible Flows

An absorbing non-reflecting boundary condition (NRBC) for practical computations in fluid dynamics and aeroacoustics is presented with theoretical proof. This paper is a continuation and improvement of a previous paper by the author. The absorbing NRBC technique is based on a first principle of non reflecting, which contains the essential physics that a plane wave solution of the Euler equations remains intact across the boundary. The technique is theoretically shown to work for a large class of finite volume approaches. When combined with the hyperbolic conservation laws, the NRBC is simple, robust and truly multi-dimensional; no additional implementation is needed except the prescribed physical boundary conditions. Several numerical examples in multi-dimensional spaces using two different finite volume schemes are illustrated to demonstrate its robustness in practical computations. Limitations and remedies of the technique are also discussed.
Anticipating attacks from the operational codes of terrorist groups

In this paper the focus is on identifying the exercise of power by self and others in the language of terrorist group statements, which can foreshadow the decision to attack at various intervals prior to an attack event. The results of an automated content analysis with the Verbs In Context System (VICS), which retrieves and analyzes the operational codes of terrorist groups, suggest that there are identifiable psychological dispositions plus communication and coordination patterns in the public statements of terrorist groups associated with different pre-attack periods. These indices may warn of an immediate or a more remote attack event by al Qa'ida Central or affiliated and inspired groups, including al Qa'ida in the Arabian Peninsula.
Protein phosphorylation and the respiratory burst.

Abstract The exposure of 32 P-loaded neutrophils to any of a variety of activating agents induces changes in the levels of phosphorylation of a large number of phosphoproteins. The uptake of phosphate by one set of phosphoproteins in particular, a family whose members migrate at M r 48K with near neutral p I values, appears to be closely related to the activation of the respiratory burst oxidase, the O 2 − -producing enzyme of phagocytes that is responsible for the generation of microbicidal oxidants by these cells. Evidence for the relationship between the phosphorylation of these proteins and the activation of the respiratory burst oxidase has been furnished by kinetic studies as well as by studies on protein phosphorylation in neutrophils from patients with chronic granulomatous disease, a group of inherited disorders affecting this oxidase. The details of this relationship are obscure, although the evidence suggests that these phosphoproteins act in substoichiometric amounts with respect to the oxidase.
Writing of home and home of writing Chinese American diaspora and literary imagination

Abstract The Silent Traveller's Hong Kong Zhuzhi Poems (1972) by Chiang Yee provides an interesting case for study in relation to Asian American literary theory aesthetics for at least the following three reasons: First, Chiang's poems comment on the 'idiosyncratic phenomena' in Hong Kong, and the ambiguity and sometimes contradictions in his comments allow us to explore the issues of assimilation and Americanization and to get a good understanding of the meaning of 'home' to a Chinese diasporic poet. Second, utilization of the zhuzhi form, a tradition that has been largely abandoned in modern China, suggests the intrinsic value of the cultural tradition and emotional or psychological satisfaction to a Chinese diaspora. Chiang's tenacious adherence to the cultural tradition is a reflection of his yearning for an imaginary 'home'. Third, the use of the Chinese language underlines the poet's Chinese cultural sensitivity. A discussion of the form, content, and language of these poems illustrates the complexi...
Head position and receptor organization in the human neonate

Abstract The hypothesis tested was that lateral differences in neonatal responsiveness to auditory stimuli are the result of differential sensory adaptation deriving from the infant's preponderant head-right posture. An Experimental Group of 20 2-day old infants had their heads maintained in the midline for 15 minutes prior to testing. An equal number of Control Ss were permitted to assume their characteristic head-right posture before testing. Subsequent presentations of lateral auditory stimuli produced lateral differences (p
The Contextual Importance of Diversity: The Impact of Relational Demography and Team Diversity on Individual Performance and Satisfaction

ABSTRACT: Organizations are seeing an increase in the level and types of diversity among their employees. It is important that managers understand the myriad of ways that diversity influences employees. This study investigates the effect of being different on an individual's performance and satisfaction levels. Being different on visible characteristics (i.e., sex, age, race) predicted negative outcomes. Being different on informational characteristics (educational background, years of work experience) had both positive and negative effects on objective performance but no effect on satisfaction or perceived performance. The level of team diversity (the degree to which a team is heterogeneous and homogeneous) influenced the outcomes above and beyond that of being different. The results of this study have real consequences for the way diversity is managed in organizations.
Failed regional anesthesia with reduced spinal bupivacaine dosage in a parturient with achondroplasia presenting for urgent cesarean section.

Summary A 36-year-old patient with a history of previous back surgery, asthma, latex allergy and achondroplasia presented for urgent cesarean delivery at 31 weeks' gestation for worsening nonimmune fetal hydrops. The fetus was diagnosed with trisomy 21 and achondroplasia. Because of the urgent clinical situation, the patient was given a spinal anesthetic, which required supplemental intravenous sedation after delivery of the fetus. This case report discusses the controversies in anesthetic management of this complicated patient and compromised fetus regarding general anesthesia, epidural, spinal and combined spinal-epidural anesthesia.
The distribution of Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Mn, Ni and Zn in Framvaren, a Norwegian anoxic fjord

Abstract Sediments collected from a Norwegian anoxic fjord have been analyzed for Fe, Co, Cu, Mn, Ni and Zn. With the exception of Zn, the dominant factors effecting their distributions are the mineralogy of the land-derived lithogenic material and the abundance of organic matter. The importance of the chemical properties of the sedimentary environment upon the distribution of Zn, and to a lesser extent Fe and Co, has been evaluated by comparing their distributions in the fraction of sediment soluble in dilute acid with their distributions in suspended phases from the water. Within suspended matter filtered from the water, Fe and Co exhibit a fivefold and zinc a sevenfold increase in abundance to a depth of 20 m—the depth of a strong pycnocline, of a change in Eh from positive to negative, of a sharp decrease in pH, and of the replacement of O2 by H2S—paralleling their distributions in the acid-soluble fraction of the underlying sediment. Below 40 m Co decreases in abundance in both suspended phases and sediments. Chromium is relatively abundant in suspended phases from the upper 20 m, but decreases sharply below this depth. The concentrations of Fe, Co and Cr, in filtered water samples, roughly parallel that of PO43−, a decomposition product of organic matter. This supports analyses of the sediments which showed Fe and Co to be partially dependent upon the abundance of organic matter.
Benefit-cost analysis of airport infrastructure: the case of taxiways

Abstract This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of the benefits and costs associated with construction of additional taxiways at a mid-sized airport. The methodology uses an origin-destination table to describe aircraft traffic patterns between the hanger facilities and runways. The benefits from reduced taxiing time, improved airport access, increased safety, decreased emissions, and reduced noise are calculated based on the changes in aircraft traffic patterns.
BioDB: Integration of biological knowledgebases

In this Era of Information, a method must be found to handle how the drastically increasing amount biological data is stored and accessed. Currently, this data is spread across numerous sources, making analysis of said data more difficult. The BioDB tool will serve as a solution. By creating programmable objects from the current biological data tables and using them in conjunction with a local database that is populated on an as-needed basis, BioDB combines the various data sources into a single fast and effective platform.
Media for cultivation of Eikenella corrodens and formate-and fumarate-requiring species of oral bacteria.

Different cultivation media were tested for growth of Eikenella corrodens, Wolinella recta, Wolinella curva, Campylobacter concisus, Bacteroides gracilis, and Bacteroides ureolyticus. Most basal media included sodium formate (1 g/1), sodium fumarate (1.5 g/1), potassium nitrate (1 g/1) (FFN), and hemin (5 mg/1). B. gracilis, C. concisus and W. curva grew optimally in microtiter plate wells and test tubes with yeast extract (YE) (15 g/1) as the basal medium. E. corrodens grew better in YE (15 g/1) in microtiter plates, and better in trypticase soy with YE (8 g/1) in tubes. The opposite pattern was observed for B. ureolyticus. W. recta grew optimally in brain heart infusion with YE (5 g/1), sodium formate (2 g/1), and sodium fumarate (3 g/1) in microtiter plates and in test tubes. An agar medium consisting of brain heart infusion agar, YE (10 g/1), sodium formate (2 g/1), sodium fumarate (3 g/1), hemin (5 mg/1), and 5% sheep blood yielded excellent agar growth of the formate- and fumarate-requiring species.
BNL Direct Wind Superconducting Magnets

BNL developed Direct Wind magnet technology is used to create a variety of complex multi-functional multi-layer superconducting coil structures without the need for creating custom production tooling and fixturing for each new project. Our Direct Wind process naturally integrates prestress into the coil structure so external coil collars and yokes are not needed; the final coil package transverse size can then be very compact. Direct Wind magnets are produced with very good field quality via corrections applied during the course of coil winding. The HERA-II and BEPC-II Interaction Region (IR) magnet, J-PARC corrector and Alpha antihydrogen magnetic trap magnets and our BTeV corrector magnet design are discussed here along with a full length ILC IR prototype magnet presently in production and the coils that were wound for an ATF2 upgrade at KEK. A new IR septum magnet design concept for a 6.2 T combined-function IR magnet for eRHIC, a future RHIC upgrade, is introduced here.
A Method of Computing Survival Probabilities of Several Targets Versus Several Weapons

Infantry squad weapons are evaluated against the background of a rifle squad attacking a position defended by riflemen. The behavior of Attackers and Defenders is characterized by simultaneous action within each squad. The Defenders, acting independently of one another, each choose at random an Attacker as target and all Defenders fire simultaneously. The process is repeated in a sequence of volleys. As independent variables there are the original number, T, of Attackers, the number of Defenders, the single-shot hit probability, and the number of volleys fired. After each volley there is defined a set of probabilities of the survival of 0, 1,..., T Attackers. Taken as a sequence, these sets form a Markov chain, which is the basis for weapons comparison. All results of this paper are applications of the Markov theory. This technique is most useful for squads with a maximum of 15 men, some numerical examples are included. There are suggested ways in which tactical features can be reflected in the independent variables.
Electrochemistry of actinides and fission products in molten salts—Data review

Abstract The thermodynamic and electrochemical properties of actinides and fission products in the molten salt determine the pyroprocessing separation performance. Extensive measurements have been carried out to provide fundamental data for evaluating the separation efficiency and technology feasibility of pyroprocessing although the technology has been very well developed in laboratory. The state of the art of fundamental data for substance or materials involved in pyropocessing will be reviewed in the present article. The available data will be summarized and reanalyzed. New correlations, which extend the available data to a broad range of applications, will be developed based on available data from different measurements. Further research topics on providing fundamental data that is needed for scaling the current laboratory technology to industrial applications are identified.
Multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock calculations of low-lying excited 2S states in lithium.

The hyperfine interaction constants, specific-mass-shift parameters, and total energies for the 3s${\mathrm{}}^{2}$S and 4s${\mathrm{}}^{2}$S states in lithium were calculated using the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock method. The configuration expansions were obtained with the active space method, where configuration state functions are generated by excitations from the reference configuration to an active set of orbitals. The active set was increased in a systematic way, allowing the convergence of the studied parameters to be monitored. The obtained nonrelativistic energies are close to the lowest-upper-bound estimates from Hylleraas calculations. Whereas the convergence rate of the hyperfine interaction constants with respect to the increasing basis in the Hylleraas calculations degrades appreciably for higher states in the Rydberg series, no such effect could be seen for the multiconfiguration Hartree-Fock calculations. The uncertainties of the calculated hyperfine interaction constants are estimated to be less than three parts in a thousand for both of the studied states. The value for the 3s${\mathrm{}}^{2}$S state is in excellent agreement with results from relativistic many-body perturbation theory calculations, but is well outside the error bars from a recent precision measurement using Stark spectroscopy.
English Nonconformity and the Decline of Liberalism

BY 1914 the Liberalism which had been the animating force of Victorian England and which experienced a vigorous renascence in Edwardian England seemed to have spent itself, unable to cope with the problems besetting Britain on the eve of the First World War. An essential part of this greatness and decline of Liberalism was the greatness and decline of English Nonconformity-the Protestant sects dissenting from the Church of England.1 During the nineteenth century Nonconformists had been characterized by religious vitality and political strength, forming what Gladstone called "the backbone of British Liberalism."2 Seemingly more powerful than ever before at the beginning of the twentieth century, they contributed to and shared in the Liberal party triumph of I906. Yet by 1914 it was apparent that Nonconformity, like Liberalism, had faltered; by the 1920'S its religious vitality had markedly weakened and its political influence was negligible.3 It is the purpose of this article to examine the crisis of English Liberalism in terms of the crisis of the Nonconformist conscience. The theme is significant because Liberalism-whether regarded as a political party, an economic creed, or a frame of mind-throughout its history was closely related to Nonconformity, from which it drew constant spiritual nourishment and material strength.'
Pseudotumor cerebri in patients with Cushing's disease.

ABSTRACT Objective To discuss the manifestation of pseudotumor cerebri during the course of correcting the hypercortisolism of Cushing’s disease. Methods We describe the clinical, biochemical, and neuro-ophthalmologic findings in a patient in whom pseudotumor cerebri developed during correction of the hypercortisolism of Cushing’s disease. In addition, we review the relationship between pseudotumor cerebri and Cushing’s disease in the literature. Results A 44-year-old woman with Cushing’s disease underwent total adrenalectomy after two unsuccessful transsphenoidal operations. She developed daily headaches 2 weeks postoperatively while taking 60 mg of hydrocortisone daily. She noticed a visual floater 8 weeks postoperatively, and a prompt ophthalmologic evaluation revealed papilledema. We diagnosed pseudotumor cerebri on the basis of symptoms and signs of intracranial hypertension, unremarkable findings on neuroimaging and cerebrospinal fluid analysis, and a substantially increased cerebrospinal fluid pressure. After 8 weeks of treatment with furosemide, the headaches and papilledema resolved, and the patient was able to reduce her dose of hydrocortisone to 30 mg daily. Pseudotumor cerebri has been associated with adrenocortical insufficiency and glucocorticoid withdrawal and can lead to loss of vision. A literature review revealed 6 previous patients in whom pseudotumor cerebri developed in association with Cushing’s disease. In all but one case, the pseudotumor cerebri manifested 2 to 4 weeks after treatment of hyper-cortisolism or cessation of hydrocortisone replacement. Conclusion Symptoms of intracranial hypertension such as headache occurring in a patient recently withdrawn from exogenous or endogenous corticosteroids should prompt consideration of the presence of pseudotumor cerebri. (Endocr Pract. 2004;10:492-496)
Parametric Yield Analysis and Optimization in Leakage Dominated Technologies

Parametric yield loss has become a serious concern in nanometer technologies. In this paper, we propose a methodology to estimate and optimize the parametric yield of a design in the presence of process variations. We discuss the impact of leakage on parametric yield given that leakage causes the parametric yield window to shrink by imposing a two-sided constraint in conjunction with performance targets on the yield window. We present a mathematical framework for yield estimation under process variation for a given power and frequency constraints. The model is validated against Monte Carlo SPICE simulations in a 90-nm CMOS process and is shown to have a typical error of less than 5%. We then demonstrate the importance of optimal supply and threshold voltage selection for yield maximization. Our results show that parametric yield is highly sensitive to supply voltage with only a 5% change in the supply voltage potentially leading to nearly 15% yield degradation. We also investigate the sensitivity of parametric yield to required frequency and power constraints. Finally, we apply the proposed framework to the problem of maximizing the shipping frequency in the presence of given yield and power constraints.
Micellar-mediated shifts of ionization constants of amino acids and peptides

Abstract The acid-base dissociation constants, K a , of amino acids and small peptides were determined in both aqueous and micellar solutions of sodium dodecyl sulfate and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide by potentiometric and chromatographic means. The observed differences in p K a values between micellar media and aqueous solutions ranged between 0.23 and 2.21 units. The micellar-mediated p K a shifts can be attributed to different solute-micelle interactions, mainly hydrophobic and electrostatic forces. The implications of the change in acid-base behavior on separation selectivity in micellar liquid chromatography and micellar electrokinetic capillary chromatography are discussed.
From Seeing and Hearing to Remembering: A Conception of the Instructional Process.

This article presents a conceptual schema of the instructional process which is intended to make a number of relevant findings from research more readily understood and applied by designers of instruction and instructional materials. It is based on severll summary sources of research-based findings and principles from the perception, memory, and concept formation literature. The basic conception is that learning is the product of an ongoing interactive process between learner and environment, and that instruction is a temporary and purposeful intervention in that process, the aim of which is the optimization of the learner-environment interaction.
Improvement in accuracy and specificity of high-throughput sialic acid assay

The efficacy of many therapeutic proteins is influenced by their sialic acid content. Optimizing and consistently controlling the qualitative attributes of proteins produced in bioprocesses would benefit significantly from a high-throughput method (HTM) for measuring the sialic acid content. Previously, we developed an HTM that could rapidly analyze many crude culture samples in parallel. Here, we used high-throughput protein purification and denaturation to improve the accuracy and specificity of the HTM. With these modifications, the current HTM can accurately, precisely, rapidly (70 min), and specifically analyze 80 crude culture samples in parallel. It requires only 30 μL crude sample, and has a quantitation limit of 1 μM sialic acid. Its accuracy has been tested on five different types of glycoproteins. Moreover, we found that sample protein denaturation is crucial to ensure complete cleavage of sialic acid by sialidase. The current HTM can be used for many applications in cell line and bioprocess development.
Clustering composition vectors using uncertainty information

In the biological and environmental sciences, interest often lies in using multivariate observations to discover natural clusters of objects. In this manuscript, the incorporation of measurement uncertainty information into a cluster analysis is discussed. This study is motivated by a problem involving the clustering of composition vectors associated with each of several chemical species. The observed abundance of each component is available along with its estimated uncertainty (measurement error standard deviation). An approach is proposed for converting the abundance vectors into composition (relative abundance) vectors, obtaining the covariance matrix associated with each composition vector, and defining a Mahalanobis distance between composition vectors that are suitable for cluster analysis. The approach is illustrated using particle size distributions obtained near Houston, Texas in 2000. Computer simulation is used to compare the performance of Mahalanobis-distance-based and Euclidean-distance-based clustering approaches. The use of a modified Mahalanobis distance along with Ward's method is recommended for use. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Effects of medium and substratum conditions on the rates of DNA synthesis in primary cultures of bile ductular epithelial cells.

Select medium and substratum conditions were investigated for their effects on semiconservative DNA synthesis in essentially pure primary cultures of bile ductular epithelial cells that were initially isolated from cholestatic rat livers at 6 to 10 wk after bile duct ligation. DNA synthesis in these cultured cells was serum-dependent, being at its highest level when the concentration of fetal bovine serum present in the medium was maintained at 10%. This serum-dependent DNA synthesis was completely inhibited when 10 mM hydroxyurea was also included in the medium, and bile ductular cells cultured in the continued presence of 1.0% fetal bovine serum showed only marginal DNA synthesis during 8 to 10 d of primary culture when compared with no-serum controls. Maximum rates of serum-dependent DNA synthesis were obtained when the bile ductular cells were cultured for 7 to 14 d on tissue culture plastic coated with obtained when the bile ductular cells were cultured for 7 to 14 d on tissue culture plastic coated with either fibronectin from bovine plasma or type I rat-tail collagen. Cells cultured on plastic coated with basement membrane Matrigel exhibited the lowest levels of DNA synthesis, whereas those on plastic alone had intermediate amounts. Furthermore, the addition of epidermal growth factor (50 ng·ml−1·d−1) to medium supplemented with 1.0% fetal bovine serum greatly enhanced the rate of DNA synthesis in bile ductular cells after 6 d in primary culture on type I collagen-coated plastic over that measured in solvent control cultures. These findings indicate that our bile ductular epithelial cell culture model is potentially useful in the study of biliary cell growth regulation and carcinogenesis.