cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Indigenous economic institutions and ecological knowledge: A Ghanaian case study

Increasingly, the urgency of reorienting conventional development paradigms to take into account indigenous institutions and their ecological knowledge base is being recognized in both developed and developing countries. Based on a field research in Ghana, this paper discusses the nature and operation of indigenous economic institutions, their ecological knowledge, norms, beliefs, and practices pertaining to sustainable utilization of natural resources and environmental management. The institutions provide a framework of ideas, guiding principles, and practices that could serve as a foundation for endogenous options and broad-based efforts to solving resource and environmental management problems in the developing world. The paper also discusses limitations of indigenous ecological knowledge and practices.
Studying ontogenetic trajectories using resampling methods and landmark data

Keywords: ontogeny shape permutation bootstrapping resampling MANCOVA Abstract Comparative studies of ontogenies play a crucial role in the understanding of the processes of mor- phological diversification. These studies have benefited from the appearance of new mathematical and statistical tools, including geometric morphometrics, resampling statistics and general linear models. This paper presents an overview of how resampling methods may be applied to linear models of ontogenetic trajectories of landmark-based geometric morphometric data, to extract in- formation about ontogeny. That information can be used to test hypotheses about the changes (or dierences) in rate, direction, duration and starting point of ontogenetic trajectories that led to the observed patterns of morphological diversification.
Urethral Injury and the Penile Prosthesis.

Abstract Introduction The relative infrequency of urethral injuries during penile prosthesis implantation has caused the event to be understudied relative to the morbidity and cost associated with their management. Aim To draw attention to both acute intraoperative and delayed urethral injuries via cylinder erosion by compiling and evaluating the available literature on their cause, diagnosis, and management. Methods A literature review was performed through PubMed from 1985 to 2018 regarding urethral injuries in the setting of penile prosthesis implantation. Comorbidities and anatomic factors that predispose a patient to a urethral injury were also queried. Main Outcome Measures The goal is to identify at-risk populations and assess options for managing distal, mid-pendulous, and proximal acute urethral injuries that occur in the setting of penile prosthesis implantation. We also examine strategies to manage prosthesis erosion into the urethra. Results Although urethral injuries are rare, certain patient populations are at higher risk for the event. Injuries at various locations along the urethra present unique challenging and morbid clinical scenarios. However, there are a variety of management options available that allow a patient to ultimately void normally and have a successfully implanted penile prosthesis. Conclusion Overall, penile prostheses offer many patients an improved sexual quality of life. In the setting of prosthesis implantation both acute and delayed urethral injuries are rare, but their associated morbidity can undercut the benefits of the device. Our understanding of these injuries has matured, and we now possess management strategies that can mitigate the morbidity and frustration that accompany this complication. Carlos EC, Sexton SJ, Lentz AC. Urethral injury and the penile prosthesis. Sex Med Rev 2019;7:360–368.
Coding and information theory

1: Entropy. 2: Noisless Coding. 3: Noisy Coding. 4: General Remarks on Codes. 5: Linear Codes. 6: Some Linear Codes. 7: Finite Fields and Cyclic Codes. 8: Some Cyclic Codes.
Optimization of ribosome profiling using low-input brain tissue from fragile X syndrome model mice

Dysregulated protein synthesis is a major underlying cause of many neurodevelopmental diseases including fragile X syndrome. In order to capture subtle but biologically significant differences in translation in these disorders, a robust technique is required. One powerful tool to study translational control is ribosome profiling, which is based on deep sequencing of mRNA fragments protected from ribonuclease (RNase) digestion by ribosomes. However, this approach has been mainly applied to rapidly dividing cells where translation is active and large amounts of starting material are readily available. The application of ribosome profiling to low-input brain tissue where translation is modest and gene expression changes between genotypes are expected to be small has not been carefully evaluated. Using hippocampal tissue from wide type and fragile X mental retardation 1 (Fmr1) knockout mice, we show that variable RNase digestion can lead to significant sample batch effects. We also establish GC content and ribosome footprint length as quality control metrics for RNase digestion. We performed RNase titration experiments for low-input samples to identify optimal conditions for this critical step that is often improperly conducted. Our data reveal that optimal RNase digestion is essential to ensure high quality and reproducibility of ribosome profiling for low-input brain tissue.
A study of Love wave acoustic biosensors monitoring the adhesion process of tendon stem cells (TSCs)

The Love wave biosensor is considered to be one of the most promising probing methods in biomedical research and diagnosis, and has been applied to detect the mechano–biological behaviour of cells attached to the surface of the device. More efforts should be devoted to basic theoretical research and relevant device performance analysis that may contribute to the further developments of Love wave sensors. In this study, a 36o YX-LiTaO3-based Love wave sensor with a parylene-C wave guiding layer was adopted as a cell-based biosensor to monitor the adhesion process of tendon stem/progenitor cells (TSCs), a newly discovered cell type in tendons. A theoretical model is proposed to describe the Love wave propagation, in which the adherent cells are considered as a uniform viscoelastic layer. The effects of viscoelastic cell layer and wave guiding layer on the propagation velocity υ and propagation loss (PL) are investigated. The numerical results indicate that adherent cell layers of different storage or loss shear modulus in certain ranges can induce pronounced and characteristic variations in υ and PL, revealing the potential of Love wave sensors to provide useful quantitative measures on cellular mechanical properties. The sensor response to the adhesion of TSCs exhibits high consistency with experimental observations, which demonstrates the Love wave biosensor as a very promising sensor platform for investigating cellular activities under multiple physiological conditions.
A SWITCH IN PLATELET SURFACE RECEPTOR SIGNALING AT THE TIME OF MYOCARDIAL INFRACTION OCCURS IN HUMANS AND MICE: IMPLICATIONS FOR ANTI-PLATELET THERAPY IN MEN AND WOMEN

Anti-platelet medications may be less efficacious in certain clinical contexts. Recent studies suggest the need for a gender-specific, personalized approach to anti-platelet therapy. Our goal was to determine whether platelets from women and men activate differently in health and following
Exercise training, circulating cytokine levels and immune function in cancer survivors: A meta-analysis.

Abstract Background Anti-cancer therapies lead to chronic non-resolving inflammation and reduced immune function. One potential therapy is exercise training, but the effectiveness of these interventions to improve immune-related outcomes, the gaps in the literature, and recommendations to progress the field need to be determined. Objectives (1) to conduct separate meta-analyses in cancer survivors to determine the effects of exercise training on pro- and anti-inflammatory markers, and immune cell proportions and function; and (2) to perform subgroup analyses to determine whether exercise modality, cancer type, and specific markers help to explain heterogeneity in each meta-analysis. Data sources Electronic databases (PubMed/MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, and CINAHL) from inception to March 2018. The reference lists of eligible articles and relevant reviews were also checked. Study selection Inclusion criteria were adult cancer survivors from randomized controlled trials performing structured exercise intervention (aerobic, resistance or combined training or Tai Chi/yoga) compared to usual care control group and included pro-inflammatory, anti-inflammatory, and/or immune cell outcomes. Appraisal and synthesis methods A total of 5349 potentially eligible articles were identified, of which 26 articles (27 trials) met the inclusion criteria. Effect sizes were calculated as standardized mean differences (SMD), where 0.8 as a large effect. Results Exercise training decreased pro-inflammatory markers (SMD: −0.2, 95% CI: −0.4, −0.1, p Conclusions Exercise training reduces pro-inflammatory markers in cancer survivors, with the strongest evidence for combined training and for prostate and breast cancer survivors. Further research is warranted to determine if these changes are clinically relevant or are associated with improvements in symptoms. To strengthen future research, focusing on novel immune populations that include functional parameters and standardized reporting of key immune outcomes is recommended.
Abstract 087: Impaired Brain Cystathionine Beta-Synthase-Derived H 2 S Production is Associated With the Development of Neurogenic Hypertension

Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is recognized as an important physiological signaling molecule for cardiovascular homeostasis. Decreased circulating H2S levels are associated with the development of hyperte...
KENNY-CAFFEY SYNDROME: A CASE REPORT AND A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE

Background Kenny-Caffey syndrome (KCS) is a rare inherited disorder, with only 65 cases reported between 1966 and 2012, almost exclusively in Middle Eastern populations. The syndrome is characterized by a multitude of signs and symptoms, including severe growth retardation, hypocalcemia associated with hypoparathyroidism, skeletal and facial deformities, thickened cortices of long bones, and medullary stenosis. In addition to skeletal and endocrine abnormalities, dental and maxillofacial anomalies are common in KCS, with features including, but not limited to, micrognathia, generalized hypodontia, delayed eruption, dental caries, and gingivitis. Management of patients presenting with this syndrome requires a multidisciplinary approach from medical and dental personnel. Discussion/Conclusions We report a case of a 32-year-old female who presented to Stony Brook School of Dental Medicine for screening, with a request for implants. Panoramic radiography revealed numerous features, including hypodontia, micrognathia, stunted roots, and multiple carious lesions. In addition to presenting a thorough clinical and dental profile of this case, we intend to conduct a literature review on this rare condition and compare the findings from our case with those reported in the literature and examine the treatment options that have been published for such cases.
The North Sea Declaration

On the twenty-third of April, 1908, there were signed in Berlin two international agreements which at the time caused much diplomatic speculation and one of which led to an amazing episode in Dutch politics. These agreements are known as the Baltic Sea and North Sea Conventions or Declarations. The agreement of most importance for this study, the North Sea Declaration, was signed by all the states whose territories bordered the North Sea with the exception of Belgium which, because of its status of perpetual neutrality, was omitted from the list of signatories.
History-Dependence in Drug Demand: Implications for Entry Timing

History-dependence in drug demand can lead to higher drug prices, encourage entry deterrence, and worsen health outcomes. I use temporal discontinuities in choice sets to identify history-dependence, and find large and long-term effects. Quasi-randomly assigning a patient to a newly launched drug today produces a 54 percentage point increase in the probability of the patient choosing the same drug four years later. History-dependence is stronger in patients who take medications for multiple conditions and weaker in drugs that are significantly more effective than substitutes. It is also weaker in generics and line extensions, driven by switching from the reference branded drug. I capture these patterns by estimating a pair-specific switching-cost model of demand. Finally, I use the model to highlight the entry incentive created by demand and provide suggestive evidence that firms respond to these incentives when making entry-timing decisions.
Minimum k-Connectivity Maintenance for Robust Multi-Robot Systems

In many multi-robot applications, it is critical to maintain connectivity within the robotic team to allow for information exchange and coordination. While most of the existing works focus on connectivity control that ensures robotic team remain connected as one component without faults, we consider the problem of robust connectivity maintenance that seeks to maintain k-connectivity, such that the multi-robot network could stay connected with the removal of fewer than k robots. In this paper, we propose provably minimum k-connectivity maintenance algorithms for multi-robot systems. This ensures the robustness of the multi-robot network connectivity at all time and also in a flexible and optimal way to provide the highest freedom for robots task-related controllers. Particularly, we propose a k-Connected Minimum Constraints Subgraph (k-CMCS) algorithm that activates the minimum k-connectivity constraints to the original controllers, and then revise the original controllers in a minimally invasive fashion. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach via simulations of up to 40 robots in the presence of multiple behaviors.
Significance of minimal residual disease monitoring by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction in core binding factor acute myeloid leukemia for transplantation outcomes.

Background Despite the well-defined role of minimal residual disease (MRD) monitoring by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for RUNX1/RUNX1T1 and CBFB-MYH11 transcripts in core binding factor (CBF) acute myeloid leukemia (AML) after intensive chemotherapy, there has been a paucity of data assessing the utility of MRD monitoring at and after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Methods Patients with CBF AML who underwent HSCT in complete remission (first or second) from January 2007 through December 2018 were included in this analysis. Results MRD by polymerase chain reaction at HSCT was assessed in 50 of 76 patients, and 44 (88%) had evidence of MRD (MRDpos). MRDpos patients had 3-year overall survival (OS) and leukemia-free survival (LFS) rates of 69.3% and 66.3%, respectively. Six MRD-negative patients had 3-year OS and LFS rates of 100% and 100%, respectively. Thirty-five of the 70 evaluable patients (50%) had a day +100 MRD assessment by RT-PCR, and 14 (40%) were MRDpos. The presence of MRD by RT-PCR on day +100 was not associated with lower estimates of LFS (75% vs 82.2%; P = .3) but was associated with a higher relapse incidence, although the difference did not reach statistical significance (27.6% vs 9.7%; P = .2). Conclusions Durable complete remissions can be achieved in patients with CBF AML with HSCT even if they are MRDpos by RT-PCR at HSCT. The clinical impact of frequent MRD monitoring for identifying a group at high risk for early relapse and then for determining the best time point for therapeutic interventions to prevent impending relapse warrants investigation in prospectively designed clinical trials.
Inclination damping on Callisto

Callisto is thought to possess a subsurface ocean, which will dissipate energy due to obliquity tides. This dissipation should have damped any primordial inclination within 1 Gyr - and yet Callisto retains a present-day inclination. We argue that Callisto's inclination and eccentricity were both excited in the relatively recent past (~0.3 Gyr). This excitation occurred as Callisto migrated outwards according to the "resonance-locking" model and passed through a 2:1 mean-motion resonance with Ganymede. Ganymede's orbital elements were likewise excited by the same event. To explain the present-day orbital elements we deduce a solid-body tidal k2/Q~0.05 for Callisto and a significantly lower value for Ganymede.
“Ungracious Dogholes”: Experiments in Empire, Ca. 1513–1527

This chapter traces the designs of Henry VIII and his subjects in Tournai (a French holding at the time, now part of modern Belgium), Scotland, Ireland, and Newfoundland in the crucial years between 1513 and 1527, well before the break with Rome that they are famous for. It reveals how several ambitious, interconnected experiments beyond England’s borders reflected the concerns of the Henrician court and its imperial vision, gave a vital course in trial and error, and illustrated the limits of Tudor power in the first quarter of the sixteenth century, all while illuminating a path forward for conceptions of British nation and empire.
Use of Physiological Data From a Wearable Device to Identify SARS-CoV-2 Infection and Symptoms and Predict COVID-19 Diagnosis: Observational Study.

Background: Changes in autonomic nervous system function, characterized by heart rate variability (HRV), have been associated with infection and observed prior to its clinical identification. Objective: We performed an evaluation of HRV collected by a wearable device to identify and predict COVID-19 and its related symptoms. Methods: Health care workers in the Mount Sinai Health System were prospectively followed in an ongoing observational study using the custom Warrior Watch Study app, which was downloaded to their smartphones. Participants wore an Apple Watch for the duration of the study, measuring HRV throughout the follow-up period. Surveys assessing infection and symptom-related questions were obtained daily. Results: Using a mixed-effect cosinor model, the mean amplitude of the circadian pattern of the standard deviation of the interbeat interval of normal sinus beats (SDNN), an HRV metric, differed between subjects with and without COVID-19 (P=.006). The mean amplitude of this circadian pattern differed between individuals during the 7 days before and the 7 days after a COVID-19 diagnosis compared to this metric during uninfected time periods (P=.01). Significant changes in the mean and amplitude of the circadian pattern of the SDNN was observed between the first day of reporting a COVID-19–related symptom compared to all other symptom-free days (P=.01). Conclusions: Longitudinally collected HRV metrics from a commonly worn commercial wearable device (Apple Watch) can predict the diagnosis of COVID-19 and identify COVID-19–related symptoms. Prior to the diagnosis of COVID-19 by nasal swab polymerase chain reaction testing, significant changes in HRV were observed, demonstrating the predictive ability of this metric to identify COVID-19 infection.
Will Hydrogel Models Fabricated Using 3D Printing Technology Replace Cadavers as the Ideal Simulation Platform for Robotic Surgery Training

Introduction: Human cadavers and animals remain the gold standard for procedural training but their widespread use is hindered. We present a novel technique combining 3D printing and hydrogel injection molding for the fabrication of organ phantoms within a simulation platform for robot-assisted partial nephrectomy (RAPN).
Hazardous alcohol use is associated with greater pain interference and prescription opioid misuse among persons living with HIV and chronic pain.

Alcohol use is common among persons living with HIV (PLWH), who often experience chronic pain, yet its impact on pain and opioid misuse is not fully characterized. We assessed associations between hazardous alcohol use and pain interference, defined as the self-reported impact of pain on daily living, pain severity, and risk for opioid misuse among PLWH who were on long-term opioid therapy (LTOT). A cohort was recruited as part of the “Targeting Effective Analgesia in Clinics for HIV” (TEACH) study, a randomized controlled trial to improve LTOT in HIV clinics. The Alcohol Use Disorders Test (AUDIT), Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) and the Current Opioid Misuse Measure (COMM) were administered at both baseline and 12-months. Linear mixed and generalized estimating equation models, incorporating data from both time points, evaluated associations between hazardous alcohol use (AUDIT ≥8) and: pain interference (0–10), pain severity (0–10), and opioid misuse risk (COMM ≥13), adjusting for age, gender, depressive symptoms, use of non-alcohol substances, time-point, and study-arm. The sample was comprised of 166 participants, of which 31 (19%) reported hazardous alcohol use. The majority were male (65%), black (72%), and the mean age was 54 (range: 29–77). Hazardous alcohol use was significantly associated with higher pain interference (adjusted mean difference [AMD]: 1.02; 95% CI: 0.08, 1.96) and higher odds of opioid misuse risk (AOR: 3.73, 95% CI: 1.88–7.39), but not pain severity (AMD: 0.47, 95% CI: − 0.35, 1.29). Hazardous alcohol use was associated with greater functional impairment in daily living from their pain and higher odds for prescription opioid misuse in this study of PLWH on LTOT. Providers should be attentive to alcohol use among PLWH who are prescribed opioids given associations with pain and opioid misuse. ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02564341 (Intervention, September 30, 2015) and NCT02525731 (Patient Cohort, August 17, 2015). Both prospectively registered.
Deep Learning Classification of Systemic Sclerosis Skin Using the MobileNetV2 Model

Goal: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a rare autoimmune, systemic disease with prominent fibrosis of skin and internal organs. Early diagnosis of the disease is crucial for designing effective therapy and management plans. Machine learning algorithms, especially deep learning, have been found to be greatly useful in biology, medicine, healthcare, and biomedical applications, in the areas of medical image processing and speech recognition. However, the need for a large training data set and the requirement for a graphics processing unit (GPU) have hindered the wide application of machine learning algorithms as a diagnostic tool in resource-constrained environments (e.g., clinics). Methods: In this paper, we propose a novel mobile deep learning network for the characterization of SSc skin. The proposed network architecture consists of the UNet, a dense connectivity convolutional neural network (CNN) with added classifier layers that when combined with limited training data, yields better image segmentation and more accurate classification, and a mobile training module. In addition, to improve the computational efficiency and diagnostic accuracy, the highly efficient training model called “MobileNetV2,” which is designed for mobile and embedded applications, was used to train the network. Results: The proposed network was implemented using a standard laptop (2.5 GHz Intel Core i7). After fine tuning, our results showed the proposed network reached 100% accuracy on the training image set, 96.8% accuracy on the validation image set, and 95.2% on the testing image set. The training time was less than 5 hours. We also analyzed the same normal vs SSc skin image sets using the CNN using the same laptop. The CNN reached 100% accuracy on the training image set, 87.7% accuracy on the validation image set, and 82.9% on the testing image set. Additionally, it took more than 14 hours to train the CNN architecture. We also utilized the MobileNetV2 model to analyze an additional dataset of images and classified them as normal, early (mid and moderate) SSc or late (severe) SSc skin images. The network reached 100% accuracy on the training image set, 97.2% on the validation set, and 94.8% on the testing image set. Using the same normal, early and late phase SSc skin images, the CNN reached 100% accuracy on the training image set, 87.7% accuracy on the validation image set, and 82.9% on the testing image set. These results indicated that the MobileNetV2 architecture is more accurate and efficient compared to the CNN to classify normal, early and late phase SSc skin images. Conclusions: Our preliminary study, intended to show the efficacy of the proposed network architecture, holds promise in the characterization of SSc. We believe that the proposed network architecture could easily be implemented in a clinical setting, providing a simple, inexpensive, and accurate screening tool for SSc.
Range Resolved, 3-D Optical Remote Sensing of Atmospheric Winds Using a CW Lidar

Recent work using a CW Lidar with pseudo-random code phase modulation of the laser for range resolved, optical remote sensing is described. In addition, its application to 3-D measurement of atmospheric winds is presented. Experimental data are shown in addition to a description of the system.
Measuring Exaggeration by Analysts and Other Opinion Procedures

Firms and individuals who sell opinions may bias their reports for either behavioral or strategic reasons. This paper proposes a methodology for measuring these biases, particularly whether opinion producers under or over emphasize their private information, i.e. whether they herd or exaggerate their differences with the consensus. Applying the methodology to I/B/E/S analysts reveals that they do not herd as is often assumed, but rather they exaggerate their differences with the consensus by an average factor of about 2.4. Analysts also overweight their prior-period private information and thus under-update based on last period's forecast error; this under-updating helps explain the apparently conflicting over and under-reaction results of DeBondt and Thaler (1990) and Abarbanell and Bernhard (1992). A useful by-product of the methodology is a measure of the incremental information content of an analyst's forecasts. Using this measure reveals that analysts differ greatly in performance: the information content of the future forecasts of the top 10 percent of analysts is roughly six times that of the bottom 40 percent.
Two-Sided Markets and Intertemporal Trade Clustering: Insights into Trading Motives

We show that equity markets are typically two-sided and that trades cluster in certain trading intervals for both NYSE and Nasdaq stocks under a broad range of conditions - news and non-news days, different times of the day, and a spectrum of trade sizes. By "two-sided" we mean that the arrivals of buyer-initiated and seller-initiated trades are positively correlated; by "trade clustering" we mean that trades tend to bunch together in time with greater frequency than would be expected if their arrival were a random process. Controlling for order imbalance, number of trades, news, and other microstructure effects, we find that two-sided clustering is associated with higher volatility but lower trading costs. Our analysis has implications for trading motives, market structure, and the process by which new information is incorporated into market prices.
Chapter 4 Effects of Yellowstone's Unique Geothermal Landscape on Snow Pack

Theme The unique concentration of geothermal areas in Yellowstone National Park moderates winter severity for large herbivores by providing areas of reduced snow accumulation and access to photosynthesizing plants year round. Consequently these areas concentrate large herbivores and influence associated ecological processes in winter. While the well‐known, dramatic hydrothermal features have received the most attention, the more extensive and less obvious areas of geothermal influence, where warming sufficiently reduces or eliminates snow pack accumulation without precluding forage production, can be expected to exert the most significant influence on large herbivore dynamics. We extend our earlier foundations in remote sensing of a thermal emittance anomaly (TEA; W/m 2 ) in Yellowstone to mapping of the geothermal heat flux (GHF; W/m 2 ). This facilitates mapping of the extent of geothermal snow pack reduction using a spatial snow pack simulation model that is sensitive to GHF inputs. The result is a quantification of the degree to which geothermal activity enhances winter habitat for large herbivores by reducing snow pack.
State Feedback Control of Temperature in an Environmental Chamber

A state feedback controller has been designed for the control of temperature in an environmental chamber. The controller is of the form of a non-zero reference tracking system and can track step or ramp inputs to within the accuracy of the sensor (±0.1°C). States not available for direct measurement are supplied by an asymptotic observer that also provides an estimate of disturbances within the system. The estimate of the disturbance causes the steady- state error to reduce to zero and, in fact, provides integral control. Therefore the system retains the advantages of classical PI control but is, however, more robust in the sense that it can deal directly with disturbances as states. The controller is applied to an environmental chamber and experimental results are given.
Novel High-Frequency Peripheral Nerve Stimulator Treatment of Refractory Postherpetic Neuralgia: A Brief Technical Note

Objectives The study aims to describe an ultrasound (US)-guided peripheral nerve stimulation implant technique and describe the effect of high-frequency peripheral nerve stimulation on refractory postherpetic neuralgia. Materials and Methods Following a cadaver pilot trial using US and confirmatory fluoroscopic guidance, a 52-year-old man with refractory left supraorbital neuralgia underwent combined US and fluoroscopic-guided supraorbital peripheral nerve stimulator trial. The patient was subsequently implanted with a percutaneous lead over the left supraorbital and supratrochlear nerve utilizing a high-frequency stimulation paradigm. Results At 9 months follow-up, the pain intensity had declined from a weekly average of 8/10 to 1/10 on the pain visual analog scale (VAS). After implant, both nerve conduction and blink reflex studies were performed, which demonstrated herpetic nerve damage and frequency-specific peripheral nerve stimulation effects. The patient preferred analgesia in the supraorbital nerve distribution accomplished with high-frequency paresthesia-free stimulation (HFS) at an amplitude of 6.2 mA, a frequency of 100–1200 Hz, and a pulse width of 130 μsec, to paresthesia-mediated pain relief associated with low-frequency stimulation. Conclusion We report the implant of a supraorbital peripheral nerve stimulating electrode that utilizes a high-frequency program resulting in sustained suppression of intractable postherpetic neuralgia.
Structurally ferroelectric SrMgF4.

The crystal structure of 0.06% Ce-doped SrMgF4, strontium magnesium tetrafluoride, reported by Ishizawa et al. [(2001), Acta Cryst. C57, 784–786] is shown to satisfy the structural criteria for ferroelectricity and to have a predicted Curie temperature Tc ≃ l450 K. The estimated spontaneous polarization Ps ≃ 11 × 10−2 C m−2 is consistent with classification as a two-dimensional ferroelectric in which minor Δx and major Δy, Δz atomic coordinate component displacements are required for ferroelectric switching.
Chediak-Higashi syndrome presenting as young-onset levodopa-responsive parkinsonism.

Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) (OMIM #214500) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder caused by mutations in the lysosomal trafficking regulator gene, LYST, or CHS1. Typically, CHS presents, with variable degrees of oculocutaneous albinism, immunodeficiency, bleeding diathesis and hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH or the “accelerated phase”).1 Neurological involvement in CHS can include intellectual impairment, sensory-motor neuropathy, cerebellar disease, and dementia.2, 3 Parkinsonism and its response to dopaminergic therapy has rarely been reported.2,4,5 A subset of CHS patients have a muted pigmentary or hematological presentation while their neurological symptoms dominate their disease.6, 7 We a provide video illustration of his therapeutic response to levodopa along with skin pigment dilution features, brain imaging and leukocyte morphology in a young adult male with CHS whose clinical presentation is dominated by motor and non-motor parkinsonian symptoms with a brisk and sustained therapeutic response to levodopa therapy.
Monitoring PV in corn and soybean oils by NIR spectroscopy

NIR spectroscopy was used successfully in our laboratory to monitor oxidation levels in vegetable oils. Calibration models were developed to measure PV in both soy and corn oils, using partial least squares (PLS) regression and forward stepwise multiple linear regression, from NIR transmission spectra. PV can be measured successfully in both corn and soy oils using a single calibration. The most successful calibration was based on PLS regression of first derivative spectra. When this calibration was applied to validation sample sets containing equal numbers of corn and soy oil samples, with PV ranging from 0 to 20 meq/kg, a correlation coefficient of 0.99 between titration and NIR values was obtained, with a standard error of prediction equal to 0.72 meq/kg. For both types of oil, changes occurred in the 2068 nm region of the NIR spectra as oxidation levels increased. These changes appear to be associated with the formation of hydroperoxides during oxidation of the oils.
Region-specific central nervous system expression and axotomy-induced regulation in sympathetic neurons of a VIP-β-galactosidase fusion gene in transgenic mice

Abstract To assess the activity of cis-acting elements that direct human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) expression in vivo, two independent transgenic mouse lines were created using a transgene comprised of 1.9 kb of 5′-flanking sequence of the human VIP gene joined to the Escherichia coli β-galactosidase reporter gene. Transgene expression in brain was assessed using β-galactosidase histochemistry and compared to the distribution of endogenous VIP expression. Transgene expression was observed in most central and peripheral nervous system sites in which endogenous VIP is expressed. We investigated whether the VIP-β-galactosidase transgene was regulated in sympathetic neurons in experimental paradigms in which VIP regulation is dependent on the release of leukemia inhibitory factor (LIF). After dissociation in vitro and postganglionic axotomy in vivo there were parallel increases in endogenous VIP and transgene expression in superior cervical ganglia. These results indicate that the 1.9 kb region of 5′-flanking sequence of the human VIP gene includes genomic elements important for cell-specific expression and LIF-dependent regulation in neurons.
7 The Surgical Approach to Class III Malocclusions

A combination of orthodontic and surgical techniques can be used to correct severe Class III malocclusions. Complete clinical records should include oriented study casts, and photographs, cephalometric, panoramic, lateral oblique, and complete intraoral periapical radiographs. After all the clinical records have been analyzed and evaluated by the orthodontist and the oral surgeon, a treatment plan can be decided on which will produce the best functional, anatomic, and esthetic results.
In the Best Interest of the Child: Psychological and Ethical Reflections on Traditions, Contexts, and Perspectives in Pediatric Clinical Genomics

So long as the child is part of a viable family, his own interests are merged with those of the other members. (Goldstein, Freud, and Solnit 1979, i) The article by Clayton and colleagues (2014) re...
A simple analytical model for subauroral polarization stream (SAPS)

[1] The subauroral polarization streams (SAPS), associated with strong electric fields in the subauroral region, play an important role in energization and transporting electrons and ions in the inner magnetosphere. A new mechanism for SAPS generation is considered. The mechanism is based on a self-consistent solution for plasma convection in nightside magnetosphere. In accordance with most researchers, we suggest that SAPS appears between the ion and electron Alfven layers in the nightside magnetosphere. However, our model for the SAPS generation does not require the ion Alfven layer to be located closer to the Earth than the electron Alfven layer. Rather the opposite, we assume that due to lower temperature of plasma-sheet electrons, the electron Alfven layer at the nightside is located predominantly if not entirely inside the ion Alfven layer. This mechanism explains the generation of the SAPS in a wide longitudinal sector from the evening to post-midnight, and the magnitudes of potential drop across the SAPS region and the electric field in the stream are well consistent with experimental data. We also obtained simple formulas deriving the parameters of the polarization stream.
Rub trees, crittercams, and GIS: the wired wilderness of Leanne Allison and Jeremy Mendes’ Bear 71

This article analyses Leanne Allison and Jeremy Mendes’ 2012 interactive documentary, Bear 71. Supported by the National Film Board of Canada, Allison and Mendes made use of thousands of hours of National Park crittercams footage of wildlife to inform audiences that, in Banff, ‘bears and humans live closer to each other than any place in the world’. According to Sundance, this multimedia work is a ‘poignant interactive documentary about a bear in the Canadian Rockies [that] illuminates the way humans engage with wildlife in the age of networks, satellites, and digital surveillance’. Although Bear 71 has received no scholarly attention, it explicitly engages concerns that are central to animal studies, interdisciplinary environmental humanities, critical geography, and eco-media studies. The navigable digital environment that the text simulates and produces, represented through GIS technology, the videogame-like interactivity of that space with your own ‘avatar’, and the crittercam access to intimate, ever...
Balloon observations of Galactic cosmic ray helium before and during a Forbush decrease

The energy spectrum of galactic cosmic ray Helium was measured in two different balloon experiments launched four days apart from Canada: SMILI-I on 1-Sept-1989 and MASS on 5-Sept-1989. A slow Forbush decrease began on 4-Sept-1989 and had not reached its maximum at the time of the MASS flight. Comparison of the balloon measurements shows a fractional decrease of 0.37 to 0.15 in the Helium flux between 200 and 450 MeV/nucleon (1.2–2.0 GV). The rigidity dependence is analyzed in two models and found to be steeper than previous observations. Interplanetary particle data and ground-based Neutron Monitor results are consistent with the balloon observations. Probable sources for this Forbush decrease are discussed.
Structural biology: Membrane enzyme cuts a fine figure.

Malfunction of presenilin enzymes, which cleave proteins in cell membranes, can lead to Alzheimer's disease. A crystal structure of a microbial presenilin provides insights into the workings of this enzyme family. See Article p.56 Presenilin — the catalytic component of γ-secretase — and signal peptide peptidase are intramembrane aspartyl proteases that regulate important biological functions in eukaryotes. The most well-known substrate of γ-secretase is amyloid precursor protein which, when cleaved by γ- and β-secretase, produces the short peptide that can form the amyloid plaques in the brains of Alzheimer's disease patients. In this manuscript, the authors report the X-ray crystal structure of a presenilin/signal peptide peptidase homologue, which reveals that the two catalytic aspartate residues are located approximately 8 A into the lipid membrane surface. This structure will serve as a framework for understanding the mechanisms of action of presenilin, γ-secretase and signal peptide peptidase
Effects of partial mode-locking on contrast ratios in two-photon excitation of fluorescence☆

Abstract A calculation is given for the variation of contrast ratio in the two-photon fluorescent display technique as a function of the degree of mode-locking.
It's not just about rubbing—topical capsaicin and topical salicylates may be useful as adjuvants to conventional pain treatment

Drugs can be injected (subcutaneously, intramuscularly, intravenously, intrathecally, epidurally); given by mouth (orally, sublingually), intranasally, or rectally; or inhaled. They can also be applied to the skin. The transdermal method is suitable for certain lipid soluble drugs and produces a steady rate of delivery for up to three days. Cutaneous administration is used when a local effect on the skin is required. Drugs may also be applied to the skin to achieve close proximity to the bones or muscles without flooding the organism; this is the case when, for instance, an analgesic cream is applied to a painful knee. The two reviews …
The human leukocyte antigen A2 interferon-stimulated response element consensus sequence binds a nuclear factor required for constitutive expression.

Both constitutive and interferon-inducible enhancer-like elements have been identified previously in the promoter of human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class I genes. One of these sites is termed the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). We have tested the function of an ISRE consensus sequence in the human HLA class I gene HLA-A2 and confirmed previous studies that showed that the HLA-A2 ISRE consensus sequence does not mediate a response to interferons. However, deletion of the ISRE consensus sequence caused a severalfold reduction in the constitutive expression of the HLA-A2 gene in K562 and Jurkat cells. Mobility shift assays performed with the HLA-A2 ISRE revealed the presence of a constitutive binding protein (ISRE/CBP). This protein binds specifically to the HLA-A2 ISRE sequence, and binding is not efficiently competed by the ISRE sequences of the HLA-B7 or ISG54 genes. Substitution of the HLA-B7 or ISG54 ISRE sequences for the HLA-A2 ISRE sequence caused a severalfold reduction in the constitutive expression of the HLA-A2 gene. Mass determinations showed the ISRE/CBP to be 105 kDa, different than any previously characterized ISRE binding proteins. We propose that ISRE/CBP is a novel positive transcriptional regulatory factor for the HLA-A2 gene that may contribute to the differential expression of HLA-A versus HLA-B genes.
Cardiovascular effect and stimulus-dependent inhibition of superoxide generation from human neutrophils by tibenelast, 5,6-diethoxybenzo(b)thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, sodium salt (LY186655).

Abstract Tibenelast (LY186655), 5,6,-diethoxybenzo( b )thiophene-2-carboxylic acid, sodium salt, is an orally active anti-anaphylactic compound in guinea pigs, and has been shown to prevent bronchospasm in moderately severe asthmatic patients. Pharmacological studies with tibenelast demonstrated that it is a selective phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitor in that it is moderately active against the lung and stomach enzyme while being a very weak inhibitor of the heart enzyme. The compound was without cardiovascular effects at anti-anaphylatic doses. In contrast to theophylline, tibenelast did not have a direct inotropic effect in the cat papillary muscle system. The concentration that inhibited 50% of the enzymatic activity ( ic 50 ) for tibenelast was 20- to 30-fold lower for neutrophil PDE than for PDE of other tissues. It was 100 times more potent than aminophylline in inhibiting Superoxide generation from platelet-activating factor (PAF)-primed polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNL) challenged with chemotactic factor, N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine. However, tibenelast was less effective in the tumor necrosis factor-primed system, and did not inhibit Superoxide generation during phagocytosis or when other soluble stimuli, such as phorbo-12-myristate-13-acetate or the calcium ionophore A23187, were used. Furthermore, tibenelast did not inhibit enzymes involved in arachidonic acid metabolism. These results suggest that tibenelast probably inhibits Superoxide release from PMNL via a selective inhibition on PDE.
Accretion at a Magnetic Pole of a Neutron Star

As accreted material falls to the surface of a magnetised neutron star like Cen X-3 or Her X-l, it is arrested by radiation pressure in such a manner that a hot, dense mound of nearly stationary gas protrudes above each magnetic pole. Energy released above the mound diffuses out as moderately hard X rays; but that released within the mound emerges as soft X rays from the whole surface of the neutron star.
Piezoelectric-based fluid bulk modulus and diagnostic sensor

Accurately knowing the bulk modulus of a fluid is very important in many hydraulic applications. The absolute bulk modulus has a major effect on the position, power delivery, response time and stability of virtually all hydraulic systems. Within this work a novel sensing technique to determine the bulk modulus of a fluid or hydraulic system is proposed. The constitutive equations of a piezoelectric actuator are coupled to a fluidic system that contains entrained air and mechanical compliance. The model can be used to extract the bulk modulus of the fluid system in real time. The results indicate that matching the stiffness of the actuator to the stiffness of the fluidic system is critical in obtaining a high sensitivity to the bulk modulus measurement.
The Purdue Elementary Problem-Solving Inventory:

The Purdue Elementary Problem-solving Inventory was designed to measure problem-solving abilities of socioeconomically disadvantaged children of different ethnic backgrounds in Grades 1 to 6 using real-life tasks. The test consists of 49 problems which are presented as slides portraying children in cartoon form in real-life situations. Ss respond by listening to a tape recording of directions, problem descriptions, and alternatives and then drawing an “X” in a test booklet over the alternative of their choice which may be a picture or a verbal description. The inventory was designed to measure the following abilities: sensing that a problem exists, defining the problem, asking questions, guessing causes, clarifying the goal of the problem situation, judging if more information is needed, analyzing details, redefining familiar objects for unusual uses, seeing implications, solving single- and multiple-solution problems, and verifying solutions. Reliability (KR-20) of the inventory is .79. Analyses of varia...
A comparative seasonal study of two populations of Hypnea musciformis from the East and West Coasts of Florida, USA I. Growth and chemistry

Dry weight levels of the red alga Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux from Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coastal sites in florida, USA were lowest in the late winter and early spring, increasing through the summer and highest in the fall. There was a two-month lag in the Gulf coast population's dry weight pattern, indicating differing growth patterns. Chlorophyll a, phycoerythrin and phycoerythrin/chlorophyll a ratios were highest in the winter and lowest in the summer for both populations. Total pigment levels for H. musciformis from the Atlantic coast site were significantly greater than those of the Gulf coast. Protein and carbohydrate percentages were inversely related in both populations, with carbohydrate levels highest in summer and protein levels highest in winter. The Gulf coast population contained significantly more protein than the Atlantic coast plants. Carrageenan levels were highest in spring and lowest in fall, the Atlantic coast population generally had higher levels than the Gulf coast population. The differences in seasonal patterns and levels of the chemical constituents were reflected by distinct morphological characteristics for each population. The Atlantic coast population was larger, darker, more coarse in texture and possessed more crozier branch tips than the Gulf coast plants. These distinctions represent acclimitization responses that relate to habitat differences.