cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Drivers of urban entrepreneurship: an integrative model

Purpose – Successful new venture creation may be one solution to many of the economic problems that affect the mostly minority populations that live in US inner cities. This paper sets out to develop a model and a set of research questions that may help increase understanding of African‐American entrepreneurship.Design/methodology/approach – This paper provides an integrated review of the literature from the USA and Europe pertaining to minority entrepreneurial behavior and achievement. It identifies challenges faced by African‐American urban entrepreneurs and suggests a set of interventions that can enhance entrepreneurial success in the inner cities. The paper then poses a set of research questions with a particular focus on African‐Americans and presents an integrative model that can serve as a framework to examine these questions.Findings – The model posits that motivation and skills drive entrepreneurial behavior and that availability of resources has a moderating effect on both entrepreneurial behav...
An RF Receiver for Intra-Band Carrier Aggregation

Carrier aggregation is an attractive approach to increasing the data rate in wireless communication. This paper describes an efficient carrier aggregation receiver architecture that employs one receive path and a single synthesizer. The block-downconversion scalable receiver translates all of the channels to the baseband and utilizes a new digital image rejection technique to reconstruct the signals. A receiver prototype realized in 45 nm CMOS technology along with an FPGA back end provides an image rejection ratio of at least 70 dB with a noise figure of 3.8 dB while consuming 15 mW.
Fitting Nonlinear Latent Growth Curve Models With Individually Varying Time Points

Individual growth trajectories of psychological phenomena are often theorized to be nonlinear. Additionally, individuals’ measurement schedules might be unique. In a structural equation framework, latent growth curve model (LGM) applications typically have either (a) modeled nonlinearity assuming some degree of balance in measurement schedules, or (b) accommodated truly individually varying time points, assuming linear growth. This article describes how to fit 4 popular nonlinear LGMs (polynomial, shape-factor, piecewise, and structured latent curve) with truly individually varying time points, via a definition variable approach. The extension is straightforward for certain nonlinear LGMs (e.g., polynomial and structured latent curve) but in the case of shape-factor LGMs requires a reexpression of the model, and in the case of piecewise LGMs requires introduction of a general framework for imparting piecewise structure, along with tools for its automation. All 4 nonlinear LGMs with individually varying ti...
Some results concerning approximation of regularized compressible flow

We summarize here some theoretical results for fictitious gas regularization of compressible flow and give error estimates for the finite element approximation to the regularized problem.
Sexual attraction status and adolescent suicide proneness: the roles of hopelessness, depression, and social support.

This study explored the relationship between sexual attraction status (same-sex, both-sex, and opposite-sex) and suicidal behavior in a diverse sample of adolescents (N = 1,533 youth). Adolescents ...
Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II is involved in the facilitating effect of clozapine on NMDA- and electrically evoked responses in the medial prefrontal cortical pyramidal cells.

Using the method of intracellular recording in in vitro brain slices, we investigated whether calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKII) is involved in the facilitating action produced by the atypical antipsychotic drug (APD) clozapine on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-induced inward currents and electrically evoked excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs) in pyramidal cells of the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC). The CaMKII inhibitor, KN-93 (N-[2-(N-(4-Chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylaminomethyl)phenyl]-N-[2-hydroxyethyl]-4-methoxybenzenesulfonamide), but not the inactive isomer, KN-92 (2-[N-(4-Methoxybenzenesulfonyl)]amino-N-(4-chlorocinnamyl)-N-methylbenzylamine, phosphate), blocked clozapine's augmenting effect on NMDA-evoked responses in pyramidal cells of the rat mPFC. KN-93 also inhibited the facilitatory effect of clozapine on electrically evoked responses in the pyramidal cells, while KN-92 did not show any effect. Similarly, the calmodulin antagonist W-7 (N-(6-Aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide) inhibited the augmenting effect of clozapine on NMDA- and electrically evoked responses in the pyramidal cells. To further test the role of CaMKII in mediating the augmenting action of clozapine, we performed experiments in alpha-CaMKII mutant and wild-type mice. In contrast to results in pyramidal cells from rats or wild-type mice, clozapine was not able to potentiate NMDA-induced currents in the mPFC pyramidal cells from the CaMKII mutant mouse. Both KN-93 and W-7, but not KN-92, inhibited the augmenting action of clozapine in the pyramidal cells of wild-type mice. Taken together, these results suggest that the facilitating action of clozapine on the NMDA- and electrically evoked responses in pyramidal cells of the mPFC requires activation of CaMKII enzyme.
Experimental observation of rainbow scattering by a coated cylinder: twin primary rainbows and thin-film interference

We experimentally examine the primary rainbow created by the illumination of a coated cylinder. We present a simple technique for varying the coating thickness over a wide range of values, and we see evidence for two different scattering regimes. In one, where the coating thickness is large, twin rainbows are produced. In the second, where the coating is thin enough to act as a thin film, a single rainbow is produced whose intensity varies periodically as the coating thickness varies. We find good agreement with previous theoretical predictions.
Stability of the SOMPA's Health History Inventory.

Interest in and use of the System of Multicultural Pluralistic Assessment's Health History Inventories (HHI) has been intensive despite the unavailability of psychometric data estimating its stability. This article reports the results of a longitudinal study designed to provide data on the stability of the HHI over a 4-year period. The children studied were drawn from middle- and lower-class Anglo, black, and Mexican American families. Variance in scores is observed between the two administrations of HHI; means change somewhat, and test-retest correlations generally are moderate. Although some variance may be attributable to health incidents that occurred between the two administrations, some variance is also attributable to respondent inconsistency as noted on questions that should receive the same answer across administrations. Despite this variation, at-risk and not-at-risk classifications made from each HHI are generally stable.
Adult Learners with Disabilities a New Imperative for Adult Educators

The passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act and growing global awareness of the issues that individuals with disabilities face in pursuing education, obtaining housing and employment, and accessing transportation, recreation, and social services has created a new opportunity for adult educators to extend the historic role of adult education in promoting diversity and inclusion. Parallels between the racial and gender civil rights movements and the current disability civil rights movement provide new challenges for adult learners with disabilities to access post-secondary education and training opportunities. Confronting well-ingrained biases about people with disabilities and breaking down attitudinal barriers can be rewarding for adult educators and students alike and can make significant strides in attacking social problems such as homelessness, unemployment, and criminaljustice abuses. Increased knowledge about people with disabilities when coupled with reasonable accommodations and the use of technology can create learning environments that are conducive to academic success for learners with disabilities.
Robust Nonlinear Regulation of Limit Cycle Oscillations in UAVs Using Synthetic Jet Actuators

In this paper, a synthetic jet actuators (SJA)-based nonlinear robust controller is developed, which is capable of completely suppressing limit cycle oscillations (LCO) in UAV systems with parametric uncertainty in the SJA dynamics and unmodeled external disturbances. Specifically, the control law compensates for uncertainty in an input gain matrix, which results from the unknown airflow dynamics generated by the SJA. Challenges in the control design include compensation for input-multiplicative parametric uncertainty in the actuator dynamic model. The result was achieved via innovative algebraic manipulation in the error system development, along with a Lyapunov-based robust control law. A rigorous Lyapunov-based stability analysis is utilized to prove asymptotic LCO suppression, considering a detailed dynamic model of the pitching and plunging dynamics. Numerical simulation results are provided to demonstrate the robustness and practical performance of the proposed control law.
Inhibitory effect of high dose ascorbic acid on inflammatory edema.

The ability of ascorbic acid (AA) as an antioxidant to suppress the inflammatory reaction was investigated. Carrageenan-induced foot pad edema was produced in the right hind foot of anesthetized mice (n=22). Subsequently, Group A (n=11) received 25 mg AA in saline (IP) and Group B, an equal volume of saline. After 2 1/2 hrs the animals were sacrificed and increase in weight of the amputated right paw over the amputated left paw was expressed as percentage edema (PE). The PE in Group A was 43.8±5.9, and in Group B was 59.3±3.9 (p<0.05, unpairedt-test). The same experiment was repeated with the AA administered 10 minutes prior to injury. The change in edema was not statistically significant. It is concluded that high dose AA suppresses edema if given after but not before injury.
Effect of age on cervical spine injuries in children after motor vehicle collisions: effectiveness of restraint devices.

Abstract Purpose Despite the devastating consequences of cervical spine (C-spine) injury in children after motor vehicle collisions (MVC), the factors leading to the injury and the appropriateness of protective restraints remain undefined. The authors hypothesized that age-related anatomic factors contribute to inadequate restraints and therefore increase injury severity after MVC. Methods Data on children ( t test or Z -test, with P less than .05 accepted as significant. Results Of 5,117 trauma admissions, 94 had C-spine injuries with a mean age of 11 ± 5 years, 66% of which were boys. Among 1,124 patients who had sustained MVC there were 27 C-spine injuries (2.4% incidence), of which, 12 were less than 8 and 15 were older than 8 years. Restraint devices were utilized at least as frequently in younger children (young, 58% v . old, 43%; not significant). However, younger children had an increased incidence of permanent cord deficit (young, 57% v. old, 13%; P Conclusions Younger children suffer more sever cervical spine injuries after motor vehicle collisions than their older counterparts, in part because of the inadequacy of currently existing restraint devices. Design modifications to current restraints, including the use of head straps, might improve outcome after MVC in younger patients.
Hybrid solar cells: basic principles and the role of ligands

For the last decade, researchers have attempted to construct photovoltaic (PV) devices using a mixture of inorganic nanoparticles and conjugated polymers. The goal is to construct layers that use the best properties of each material e.g., flexibility from the polymer and high charge mobility from the nanoparticles or blue absorbance from the polymer complementing red absorbance from the nanoparticles. This critical review discusses the main obstacles to efficient hybrid organic/inorganic PV device design in terms of contributions to the external and internal quantum efficiencies. We discuss in particular the role that ligands on the nanoparticles play for mutual solubility and electronic processes at the nanoscale. After a decade of work to control the separation distance between unlike domains and the connectivity between like domains at the nanoscale, hybrid PV device layers are gaining in efficiency, but the goal of using the best properties of two mixed materials is still elusive.
Micro-hemagglutination tests for detection of native and single-strand DNA antibodies and circulating DNA antigen.

Abstract A practical micro-titration hemagglutination test which can be helpful in the detection of either anti-DNA antibodies or circulating free DNA is described. The procedure utilizes formalinized human erythrocytes coated with sonically disrupted DNA which are capable of reacting with antibodies to both native and single-strand DNA and show minimal non-specific agglutination. By an inhibition assay, the test could be adapted to detect circulating DNA antigen. Eleven of 51 SLE sera revealed anti-DNA antibody titer of 1 : 4 - 1 : 512 and 9 of the 40 sera showing no anti-DNA antibody had circulating DNA levels ranging from 0.8–25 μg/ml. The test provides a reliable method to determine circulating DNA antibody or antigen and may be used to follow the course of the disease and response to therapy in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.
Marital Problems Occurring in Midlife: Implications for Couples Therapists

The ability of therapists to adequately address the presenting problems of couples impacts the process and outcome of therapy. Although research has examined the types of problems that couples commonly experience, little is known about problems among midlife couples. Midlife marital problems were examined using data from a national random sample of 632 married people between the ages of 40 and 50. The results indicated that the most common problems were financial matters, ways of dealing with children, and sexual issues. Values, commitment, spiritual matters, and violence were the least common problem areas. There were few differences when gender, remarriage, and length of marriage were considered.
Generating connection events for human-robot collaboration

We have developed and tested a reusable Robot Operating System (ROS) module that supports engagement between a human and a humanoid robot by generating appropriate directed gaze, mutual facial gaze, adjacency pair and backchannel connection events. The module implements policies for adding gaze and pointing gestures to referring phrases (including deictic and anaphoric references), performing end-of-turn gazes, responding to human-initiated connection events and maintaining engagement. The module also provides an abstract interface for receiving information from a collaboration manager using the Behavior Markup Language (BML) and exchanges information with our previously developed engagement recognition module.
Bone lysis in well-fixed cemented femoral components

We have reviewed 25 cases of focal femoral osteolysis in radiographically stable, cemented femoral implants. In three hips retrieved at post-mortem from two patients, we have been able to make a detailed biomechanical and histological analysis. The interval between arthroplasty and the appearance of focal osteolysis on clinical radiographs ranged from 40 to 168 months, and in over 70% of the cases this did not appear until after five or more years. Few had significant pain and there was no relation to age, sex or original diagnosis. The most common site for osteolysis were Gruen zones 2 and 3 on the anteroposterior radiograph and zones 5 and 6 on the lateral radiograph. In 15 cases (60%), the area of osteolysis corresponded to either a defect in the cement mantle or an area of very thin cement. The rate of progression of these lesions was variable, but to date only one has progressed to gross loosening of the femoral component. The back-scatter scanning electron microscopic examination of serial sections and biomechanical testing of the post-mortem specimens demonstrated focal cement fracture around implants that were otherwise rigidly fixed. In eight cases from which tissue was available, histology showed a histiocytic reaction with evidence of particulate polymethylmethacrylate. We consider that this local fragmentation was the stimulus for local osteolysis in an otherwise stable cemented femoral component.
Effect of dexamethasone on therapy of experimental penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant pneumococcal meningitis

Treatment of pneumococcal meningitis has become problematic because of the emergence of penicillin- and cephalosporin-resistant strains and because of the concern that dexamethasone therapy might reduce penetration of antibiotics into the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). We addressed these issues with our rabbit meningitis model by studying two pneumococcal isolates that were resistant to penicillin and ceftriaxone and susceptible to vancomycin and rifampin. Ceftriaxone, vancomycin, and rifampin were given alone or in combination, with or without coadministration of dexamethasone. Treatment was started 12 to 14 h after intracisternal inoculation of approximately 10(4) CFU of one of the organisms. Rifampin concentrations in serum and CSF were similar, regardless of whether dexamethasone was given, whereas those of ceftriaxone were somewhat lower at each time point in animals given dexamethasone. The penetration of vancomycin into CSF was consistently and substantially reduced with dexamethasone treatment, which resulted in a delay in CSF sterilization not observed in non-dexamethasone-treated animals. When rifampin was used with ceftriaxone for treatment of meningitis caused by the more resistant strain, bacteriologic cure occurred promptly, with or without dexamethasone therapy. In areas with high rates of occurrence of resistant pneumococcal strains, we believe initial empiric therapy of bacterial meningitis should include two antibiotics: ceftriaxone and either rifampin or vancomycin. When dexamethasone is used, the combination of ceftriaxone and rifampin is preferred for therapy.
An FPGA-based custom coprocessor for automatic image segmentation applications

We describe a customized computing platform we are developing to accelerate a computer vision application. An FPGA-based coprocessor solution is derived which accelerates most of the compute-intensive calculations of a template deforming image segmentation algorithm. Design issues are identified and performance results reported. The results are parameterized so that alternative solutions can be evaluated according to technological advances. We discuss how implementing such a design with available reconfigurable logic platforms can be a worthwhile tool for the development of customized FPGA-based computing solutions. >
An inter-system handoff technique for the IMT-2000 system

Next-generation wireless communication is based on a global system of fixed and wireless mobile services that are transportable across different network backbones, network service providers, and network geographical boundaries. One of the most important problems for global wireless service is handoff management. In this paper, a new handoff technique is introduced which supports mobility between dissimilar networks. First, the system architecture is described, based on the concept of a boundary cell region between networks. Then a new inter-system handoff protocol is presented that uses boundary cells that allow the mobile terminal to roam into a different network. The performance of the protocol is analyzed in terms of the additional inter-system handoff signaling time and the minimum boundary cell area threshold for a successful transition within the prescribed time constraints.
Survival of copper‐exposed juvenile fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas) differs among allozyme genotypes

The effects of seven variable enzyme loci and multiple-locus heterozygosity on time to death (TTD) during an acute 96-h copper exposure were examined by two failure-time regression models. Allozymes for five enzyme loci (GPI-1*, GPI-2*, IDHP-1*, MDH-2*, and PGM*) were significantly related to TTD. Heterozygosity was not significantly related to TTD. Fish weight was found to have a negative relationship with TTD, larger fish having shorter TTD. This unusual relationship may have resulted from differential survivorship of individuals with sensitive and resistant alleles at the MDH-2* and the IDHP-1* loci. For the IDHP-1* locus the allele *a was associated with increased copper survivorship; however, it was also associated with small size. Conversely, the allele *a at the MDH-2* locus, which was present in higher frequency in larger fish, was associated with decreased survivorship. These results indicate that genetic selection for one characteristic may have a negative impact on other characteristics. Survivors of the copper exposure were genetically selected for copper resistance, resulting in the significant reduction in frequencies of several sensitive genotypes in the population. We conclude that monitoring population genetic structure and frequency changes of sensitive genotypes is a useful biomarker.
Civil Society and Land Use Policy in Uganda: The Mabira Forest Case

Over the past few years, the Ugandan government has repeatedly initiated proceedings to clear one-fourth of the Mabira natural forest reserve in central Uganda and give the land to a sugar company controlled by a transnational business conglomerate. Each time the government took steps to execute the Mabira project, civil society groups organised large-scale protests that pressurised the government into shelving its plans. The Save Mabira Forest campaign has been widely cited as an example of how sustained protests by civil society groups serve as a corrective of democratic deficits in decision-making processes pertaining to the commons and as a deterrent to profit-driven business schemes hatched in collusion with carefree or corrupt bureaucrats and politicians. However, an in-depth analysis of the campaign suggests that ecological and social justice concerns are mixed up with identity politics and exclusionist agendas. Examining the complex web of interactions between state, big business and civil society in Uganda, this paper sheds light on the multi-layered and often ambiguous role played by non-governmental organisations in post-conflict societies of sub-Saharan Africa.
Juxtaglomerular cell CaSR stimulation decreases renin release via activation of the PLC/IP3 pathway and the ryanodine receptor

The calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) is a G-coupled protein expressed in renal juxtaglomerular (JG) cells. Its activation stimulates calcium-mediated decreases in cAMP content and inhibits renin release. The postreceptor pathway for the CaSR in JG cells is unknown. In parathyroids, CaSR acts through G(q) and/or G(i). Activation of G(q) stimulates phospholipase C (PLC), and inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP(3)), releasing calcium from intracellular stores. G(i) stimulation inhibits cAMP formation. In afferent arterioles, the ryanodine receptor (RyR) enhances release of stored calcium. We hypothesized JG cell CaSR activation inhibits renin via the PLC/IP(3) and also RyR activation, increasing intracellular calcium, suppressing cAMP formation, and inhibiting renin release. Renin release from primary cultures of isolated mouse JG cells (n = 10) was measured. The CaSR agonist cinacalcet decreased renin release 56 ± 7% of control (P < 0.001), while the PLC inhibitor U73122 reversed cinacalcet inhibition of renin (104 ± 11% of control). The IP(3) inhibitor 2-APB also reversed inhibition of renin from 56 ± 6 to 104 ± 11% of control (P < 0.001). JG cells were positively labeled for RyR, and blocking RyR reversed CaSR-mediated inhibition of renin from 61 ± 8 to 118 ± 22% of control (P < 0.01). Combining inhibition of IP(3) and RyR was not additive. G(i) inhibition with pertussis toxin plus cinacalcet did not reverse renin inhibition (65 ± 12 to 41 ± 8% of control, P < 0.001). We conclude stimulating JG cell CaSR activates G(q), initiating the PLC/IP(3) pathway, activating RyR, increasing intracellular calcium, and resulting in calcium-mediated renin inhibition.
Screen-Capture Instructional Technology: A Cognitive Tool for Designing a Blended Multimedia Curriculum.

Online instruction has been demonstrated to increase the academic achievement for post-secondary students; however, little empirical investigation has been conducted on high school students learning from online multimedia instruction in the traditional classroom. This study investigated the knowledge acquisition, transfer, and favorability of secondary students using a teacher’s screen-capture instructional technology. A two-group experimental pretest-posttest study was conducted on secondary students enrolled in two computer aided design (CAD) classes. Total scores on the posttests were significantly higher for students in the screen-capture group (M = 9.71) than those in the textbook group (M = 7.83), F(1, 48) = 4.79, p < .05, partial 2 = .09. Additionally, 88.2% of the students surveyed preferred learning from the multimedia instruction over written text. This study implies that a teacher’s screen-capture multimedia instruction can be used toward establishing a blended learning environment.
A Postmodern Approach to Women's Use of Violence: Developing Multiple and Complex Conceptualizations:

We review the research on intimate partner abuse and, in particular, the articles in this issue, from within a feminist and postmodern framework. Research on women's use of violence is reviewed in terms of how researchers have constructed and measured violence and have conceptualized intimate partner violence (IPV) and gender. What and how we measure determines what we find (McHugh & Cosgrove, 2005). We call for new conceptualizations of intimate violence and for more complex constructions of gender. We offer a postmodern perspective on gender and IPV arguing that interpersonal violence always involves gender, that approach and method influence results, and that men and women use violence in both similar and different ways.
Comparative longitudinal study of 2 methods of scheduling maintenance visits; 2-year data.

Abstract This report compares the clinical and microbiological status of 2 groups of subjects with treated periodontitis on different maintenance schedules. 43 control (C) subjects were given prophylaxes every 3 months. 40 test (T) subjects were given this service on a flexible schedule according to the proportions of spirochetes and/or motile rods in fresh smears of subgingival scrapings. Both groups were examined every 6 months clinically and microbiologically. This report presents base line, 1- and 2-year data. Generally, mean values for both groups did not differ significantly from one another. Both groups exhibited comparable increases in GI and PLI scores during the first 2 years of this study. No change in probing depth was noted between base line and the 2-year examination. However, a slight increase in attachment level, as determined by probing, was noted in both groups. Both groups also exhibited similar proportions of bacterial morphotypes at base line and subsequent examinations. Disease recurrence, defined as an increase in probing depth of 3 mm or more from base line on any tooth surface during the 2-year period, tended to be more prevalent in the C than in the T group (15/43 C and 9/40 T subjects). However, the proportional difference between the groups was not statistically significant. Subjects with disease recurrence in the T group had greater proportions of spirochetes at base line than subjects in the same group without disease recurrence (20.2% versus 9.8%, P < 0.01). This difference in proportions persisted if both groups were examined jointly, but was only of borderline significance (16.0% versus 10.5%, p= 0.05). The difference did not reach statistical significance when C subjects alone were examined. The difference between groups with respect to correlation of spirochete % at base line and future disease recurrence may be due to differences in the recall schedule, with regular tri-monthly prophylaxes more likely to interfere with the expected tissue response to the resident subgingival microbiota. After 2 years, although both groups averaged about 7 recall visits, the time elapsed since the last prophylaxis averaged 2.4 months for the C versus 13.7 months for the T group. No other criteria examined at base line were significantly correlated with disease recurrence.
Saguinus oedipus (Cottontop pinche)

Two pairs of the acrocentric autosomes bear secondary constrictions near the centromeres. The sex chromosomes are easy to identify.
SAT0107 Efficacy and Safety After 64 Weeks of Ixekizumab Treatment in a Phase 2 Open Label Extension Study in Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis

Background Ixekizumab, an anti-IL-17 mAb, has been evaluated in a Phase 2 study in patients (pts) with moderate or severe RA who were naive to biologic therapy (bDMARD-naive) or were inadequate responders to TNF inhibitors (TNF-IR). The primary 12 week endpoint was met, and significant improvements versus placebo (PB) were observed in both populations[1][1]. Objectives To evaluate ixekizumab for long-term efficacy and safety in an open-label extension of the Phase 2 study. Methods In this Phase 2 study, PB or ixekizumab was administered subcutaneously to 260 bDMARD-naive pts (ixekizumab 3, 10, 30, 80, or 180 mg) and 188 TNF-IR pts (ixekizumab 80 or 180 mg) at Weeks 0, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 with concomitant conventional DMARD therapy (Part A). After a treatment hiatus between Weeks 10 to 16, 232 bDMARD-naive and 158 TNF-IR pts participated in the open-label extension, and all pts received ixekizumab 160 mg at Weeks 16, 18 and 20 and then every 4 weeks (Q4W) through Week 64 (Part B). Results A total of 203 bDMARD-naive (88%) and 106 TNF-IR (67%) pts completed the open label extension. Improvements in DAS28-CRP observed at Week 16 were maintained or improved after switching to 160 mg Q4W in Part B (Figure). For pts on PB in Part A, disease activity decreased in Part B to levels comparable with pts originally assigned to ixekizumab groups. DAS28<2.6 was achieved in 46 (23%) bDMARD-naive and 23 (22%) TNF-IR pts. Of pts with a good/moderate EULAR response at Week 16 (bDMARD-naive n=145, TNF-IR n=78), this response was maintained through Week 64 (non-responder imputation) in 128 bDMARD-naive (88%) and 52 TNF-IR (67%) pts. Similar maintenance of response was observed for ACR20, ACR50 and ACR70 in both populations. AEs occurred in 283 (73%) pts during Part B. Most AEs were mild to moderate in severity and did not lead to study discontinuation. Serious AEs were reported in 35 (9%) pts including 9 (2%) cases of serious infections. No mycobacterial or invasive fungal infections were reported. ![Figure][2] Conclusions Clinical improvements observed with ixekizumab treatment in the double blind phase were maintained or improved in the pts that participated in the open label extension through Week 64. Ixekizumab was well tolerated, and there were no unexpected safety findings observed in Part B relative to Part A. References 1. Genovese et al. (2012) Ann Rheum Dis 71(Suppl3):59 Disclosure of Interest M. Genovese Grant/research support from: Eli Lilly & Company, Consultant for: Eli Lilly & Company, H. Carlier Shareholder of: Eli Lilly & Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly & Company, J. Erickson Shareholder of: Eli Lilly & Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly & Company, D. Braun Shareholder of: Eli Lilly & Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly & Company, S. Banerjee Shareholder of: Eli Lilly & Company, Employee of: Eli Lilly & Company [1]: #p-7 [2]: pending:yes
Effect of Vaccination Extraneous Source Microorganism on Chicken Manure Compost

We vaccinated the high temperature degradable fungus which extracted from the nature compost in the chicken manure compost unitarily or combined.After the inspection and analysis of the changes of its surface condition,the temperature,the organic carbon,C/N,the T-value and its quality were inspected.We found that several kinds of microorganism's vaccinations were all certain influenced on the pile's color,the temperature,the organic carbon,the humus,C/N,T-value and the entire phosphorus,entire potassium.Moreover,they also could improve the performance condition,speed up decomposition perfect the quality of the compost.Generally,the effect of vaccinated fungus JZ2,JH1,JZ1 + JZ2,JH1+JH2 were the best: fastest decomposition,its C/N value was less than 16,the T-value was less than 0.6,and the content of nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium and other such elements was higher than other processings.
Acidic vesicles in cultured rat hepatocytes. Identification and characterization of their relationship to lysosomes and other storage vesicles.

We and others recently have demonstrated adenosine triphosphate-dependent acidification in a variety of prelysosomal organelles isolated from liver including clathrin-coated vesicles, multivesicular bodies, and Golgi. Little is known, however, regarding the number or distribution of acidic compartments in intact hepatocytes. We therefore have utilized acridine orange, a fluorescent weak base, to study the number and distribution of acidic vesicles of rat hepatocytes in primary culture and compared these with the number and distribution of lysosomes and other storage vesicles. Hepatocytes were found to contain about 170 acidic compartments per cell by fluorescence microscopy. These vesicles were diffusely distributed throughout the cell cytoplasm, with about 50% in the perinuclear area by modified morphometry. The acridine orange staining of these vesicles was reversibly dissipated by monensin, NH4C1, chloroquine, and primaquine, indicating these vesicles exhibit an acidic interior established by active proton transport. In addition, the cholestatic agent chlorpromazine reversibly inhibited, in a dose-dependent fashion, the redevelopment of a pH gradient in the acidic vesicles after dissipation by monensin. The number and distribution of these acidic vesicles were not significantly different from the number and distribution of vesicles involved in the storage (up to 6 h after internalization) of the fluid phase marker fluorescein-dextran. By contrast, histochemically identifiable lysosomes were fewer in number and significantly more restricted in their distribution to the perinuclear area (89%) than either dextran-storing or acidic vesicles. Electron microscopic studies confirmed, that endocytosed dextran as well as another fluid phase marker, colloidal gold, were found predominantly in acid phosphatase- and arylsul f atase-negative vesicles for up to 6 h after internalization. These studies indicate that hepatocytes contain numerous intracellular vesicles acidi f ed by an active H+ transport mechanism. Based on their comparative number and distribution, acidic vesicles probably include vesicles involved in fluid-phase endocytosis but only a minority are lysosomes. The findings also indicate that fluid-phase markers are stored predominantly in vesicles other than histochemically identifiable 1ysosomes for up to 6 h after internalization. Finally, this technique also affords the opportunity for studying the movement of such vesicles in a vital preparation.
Cytologic diagnosis of hepatobiliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma during intraoperative consultation: a case report.

Background Hepatobiliary cystadenoma with mesenchymal stroma (HCMS) is a rare cystic tumor characterized by a layer of mucinous cuboidal to columnar epithelium situated on top of a basement membrane resting on an ovarian-like stroma. Cytologic features of this entity have not been extensively studied. We present a case of HCMS with emphasis on cytologic material obtained at the time of intraoperative consultation (IOC). Case A 51-year-old woman had partial resection of a liver cyst. Seven months later she sought further medical attention and presented for surgical reevaluation and reexcision of the same lesion. Initial computed tomography revealed a multiloculated liver cyst. Five months after reexcision the lesion recurred and was again excised. During IOC, scrape cytology revealed both biliary epithelial and mesenchymal stromal cells in a cystic background. Permanent sections showed histologic features of HCMS. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first cytologic description of such a neoplasm to include both epithelial and mesenchymal stromal elements. Conclusion The use of scrape cytology during IOC can be a fast and effective way of identifying both the epithelium and mesenchymal stroma when HCMS is in the differential diagnosis of a cystic liver lesion.
Toddlers with Early Behavioral Problems at Higher Family Demographic Risk Benefit the Most from Maternal Emotion Talk.

OBJECTIVE To test the hypothesis that toddlers at highest risk for behavioral problems from the most economically vulnerable families will benefit most from maternal talk about emotions. METHODS This study included 89 toddlers and mothers from low-income families. Behavioral problems were rated at 2 time points by masters-level trained Early Head Start home visiting specialists. Maternal emotion talk was coded from a wordless book-sharing task. Coding focused on mothers' emotion bridging, which included labeling emotions, explaining the context of emotions, noting the behavioral cues of emotions, and linking emotions to toddlers' own experiences. Maternal demographic risk reflected a composite score of 5 risk factors. RESULTS A significant 3-way interaction between Time 1 toddler behavior problems, maternal emotion talk, and maternal demographic risk (p = .001) and examination of slope difference tests revealed that when maternal demographic risk was greater, more maternal emotion talk buffered associations between earlier and later behavior problems. Greater demographic risk and lower maternal emotion talk intensified Time 1 behavior problems as a predictor of Time 2 behavior problems. The model explained 54% of the variance in toddlers' Time 2 behavior problems. Analyses controlled for maternal warmth to better examine the unique contributions of emotion bridging to toddlers' behaviors. CONCLUSION Toddlers at highest risk, those with more early behavioral problems from higher demographic-risk families, benefit the most from mothers' emotion talk. Informing parents about the use of emotion talk may be a cost-effective, simple strategy to support at-risk toddlers' social-emotional development and reduce behavioral problems.
Infants with Delayed Motor Performance

In judging an infant’s motor competency, one must consider achievement of motor milestones, quality of motor performance, status of infantile reflexes, tone and strength, and family history. When an infant is found to have abnormal or delayed motor performance, it is essential to use a systematic approach to evaluation that delineates whether the underlying problem is progressive or nonprogressive, and to determine the neuroanatomic site of the lesion.
Blade life span, structural investment, and nutrient allocation in giant kelp

The turnover of plant biomass largely determines the amount of energy flowing through an ecosystem and understanding the processes that regulate turnover has been of interest to ecologists for decades. Leaf life span theory has proven useful in explaining patterns of leaf turnover in relation to resource availability, but the predictions of this theory have not been tested for macroalgae. We measured blade life span, size, thickness, nitrogen content, pigment content, and maximum photosynthetic rate (P max) in the giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera) along a strong resource (light) gradient to test whether the predictions of leaf life span theory applied to this alga. We found that shorter blade life spans and larger blade areas were associated with increased light availability. In addition, nitrogen and P max decreased with blade age, and their decrease was greater in shorter lived blades. These observations are generally consistent with patterns observed for higher plants and the prevailing theory of leaf life span. By contrast, variation observed in pigments of giant kelp was inconsistent with that predicted by leaf life span theory, as blades growing in the most heavily shaded portion of the forest had the lowest chlorophyll content. This result may reflect the dual role of macroalgal blades in carbon fixation and nutrient absorption and the ability of giant kelp to modify blade physiology to optimize the acquisition of light and nutrients. Thus, the marine environment may place demands on resource acquisition and allocation that have not been previously considered with respect to leaf life span optimization.
A novel particle filtering method for estimation of pulse pressure variation during spontaneous breathing.

We describe the first automatic algorithm designed to estimate the pulse pressure variation ( $$\text {PPV}$$ ) from arterial blood pressure (ABP) signals under spontaneous breathing conditions. While currently there are a few publicly available algorithms to automatically estimate $$\text {PPV}$$ accurately and reliably in mechanically ventilated subjects, at the moment there is no automatic algorithm for estimating $$\text {PPV}$$ on spontaneously breathing subjects. The algorithm utilizes our recently developed sequential Monte Carlo method (SMCM), which is called a maximum a-posteriori adaptive marginalized particle filter (MAM-PF). We report the performance assessment results of the proposed algorithm on real ABP signals from spontaneously breathing subjects. Our assessment results indicate good agreement between the automatically estimated $$\text {PPV}$$ and the gold standard $$\text {PPV}$$ obtained with manual annotations. All of the automatically estimated $$\text {PPV}$$ index measurements ( $$\text {PPV}_{\text {auto}}$$ ) were in agreement with manual gold standard measurements ( $$\text {PPV}_{\text {manu}}$$ ) within ±4 % accuracy. The proposed automatic algorithm is able to give reliable estimations of $$\text {PPV}$$ given ABP signals alone during spontaneous breathing.
Identifying Subsequent Therapies in Patients with Advanced Non–Small Cell Lung Cancer and Factors Associated with Overall Survival

tudy Objectives To identify subsequent therapies used after first-line therapies in patients with advanced non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), compare overall survival (OS) associated with subsequent therapies, and evaluate factors associated with OS in these patients. Methods The study was a retrospective cohort analysis of patients with advanced NSCLC (stage IIIB/IV) who were initiated on first-line therapy from January 1, 2008, through September 30, 2013, and afterward given subsequent chemotherapy (index date). Patients had to be 18 years or older at the time of diagnosis of advanced NSCLC. Patients were followed from the index date until one of the following end points: end of the study (September 30, 2014), disenrollment from the health plan, or death—whichever came the earliest. The primary outcome was OS. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox proportional hazard models were used to analyze OS and evaluate the factors associated with OS. Results The analysis included 1280 patients on subsequent therapies. The most common subsequent therapies were pemetrexed (284 patients [22%]), erlotinib (216 patients [17%]), and docetaxel (139 patients [11%]). Patients from the singlets group had a lower OS at 6.3 months compared with all other groups: pemetrexed based, combination of pemetrexed and bevacizumab based, bevacizumab based, doublets, and tyrosine kinase inhibitors (p<0.0001). Factors associated with greater OS included age younger than 65 years, female gender, and a longer time between initiation of first and subsequent therapies. Factors associated with a reduction in OS were pemetrexed-based or singlet regimens for subsequent therapy, diagnosis of squamous histology, and a higher number of adverse events prior to subsequent therapy. Conclusion We found that a subsequent therapy consisting of singlets is associated with reduced OS compared with other chemotherapy groups. Patient characteristics such as female gender, age younger than 65 years, diagnosis of nonsquamous histology, and/or a longer time frame between initiation of first-line and subsequent chemotherapy are associated with longer survival.
Assembling International Regulatory Submissions: A Simplified Approach

This paper provides a process for developing and assembling worldwide regulatory dossiers. It is based on having a regulatory filing strategy and an infrastructure in place in advance to create, review, file, and find documents. The benefits of keeping it simple will be explained.
Interface design and evaluation

This chapter presents different aspects of digital library interface design and evaluation. It starts from the identification of unique user needs in digital library use. The chapter illustrates the iterative process in the design and implementation of a user interface from the conceptual design, prototype design, and customized design to usability testing. Usability testing is a key focus of the chapter, in particular, usability testing constructs and criteria. Help system design is another essential component for interface design, which requires an understanding of help-seeking situations in order to develop help mechanisms to best facilitate users’ effective interaction with digital libraries. Finally, the issue to design digital library interfaces for people with disabilities is also addressed.
Experimental Study of Capacity Approaching General LDPC Coded Non-Uniform Shaping Modulation Format

We experimentally demonstrate the efficiency of nonbinary GF(3)/GF(32) LPDC-coded non-uniform 9-QAM. We propose the non-uniform design method and low-complexity decoder. The proposed 9-QAM has >3dB gain in symbol OSNR compared to traditional binary LDPC-coded star-8-QAM.
Good Teachers for All: Toward a More Just Distribution of Teachers

We begin this chapter by discussing key areas where the misalignment of demand and supply results in an inequitable distribution of teachers. These areas include the use or lack of salary and incentives, seniority-based transfers, and improper or corrupt practices. We then offer examples from our research of promising efforts to align the demand and supply sides to ensure greater access by marginalized children to qualified teachers. We discuss the importance of ensuring equity in teacher assignments and transfers, recognizing and acting on teacher preferences, carefully designing incentives, giving voice to marginalized children and their communities, investing in local infrastructure and human capital, and involving civil society to act as an intermediary between the demand and supply sides. Using these examples as a foundation for future action, we offer a set of recommendations to work toward more equitable access of marginalized children to qualified teachers. Finally, we discuss the study’s limitations and offer areas for future research.
Genetic diversity and heterosis in nicotiana

Two flue-cured varieties of N. tabacum were crossed to putative progenitor species and to distantly related species. Heterosis for yield, plant height, and number of leaves was largest for crosses to progenitor species, particularly to N. otophora and N. tomentosiformis. The magnitude of this heterosis appeared to be greater than estimates presented in the literature for crosses among varieties of N. tabacum. An additional study presented some evidence for the genomic basis of heterosis in crosses of N. tabacum with N. tomentosiformis and N. sylvestris.
Healthy workplaces: the effects of nature contact at work on employee stress and health.

Objectives.Cultivating healthy workplaces is a critical aspect of comprehensive worksite health promotion. The influence of healthy workplace exposures on employee health outcomes warrants research...