cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Permanent magnet stabilization of an overlaid MR head

Higher area density in the rigid disk magnetic recording industry is being achieved with magneto-resistive (MR) heads biased with a soft adjacent layer (SAL). The abutted and the overlaid designs are the two approaches most commonly used. Reader stability is a result of a single domain structure due to boundary control stabilization (BCS) from exchange or magnetostatic coupling. The details of a particular design determine on track and off track performance. Recent reviews and products suggest that the magnetostatically coupled abutted head design is superior to published overlaid designs. This paper describes the electrical performance and physical characteristics of another overlaid design that performs on track and off track at the recording density of 650 Mb/in/sup 2/.
Early cementing does not increase debond energy of grit blasted interfaces

Abstract A fracture mechanics based approach was used to determine the debond energy or fracture toughness of the stem–cement interface for a variety of conditions. The goals of the study were to determine if early cementing of stems increased the debond energy of grit blasted stem–cement interfaces and if debond energy was dependent on mold type. Early (2 min) and late (6 min) times of cementation were considered for two different grit blasted surface finishes (16 and 60 grit, Ra=5.7 or 2.3 μm). Specimen fabrication was performed using a relatively simple, unconstrained rectangular mold and a mold that more closely simulated in vivo conditions. The rectangular mold was used with all components at room temperature whereas the in vivo simulated mold had a body that resembled the femoral canal in shape and was warmed to body temperature. Early cementing did not increase the debond energy using the in vivo simulated mold. Extensive porosity was found at the interface, and porosity had a strong negative effect on debond energy. When the simpler, rectangular mold was used, early cementing did result in higher debond energies, but few voids were found at the interface. It appears that porosity at the interface was the major factor affecting the debond energy. The results from this study do not support the concept that improved stem–cement interface strength can be obtained by application of the cement while it is in a low viscosity state.
Wnt/β-catenin and its Diverse Physiological Cell Signaling Pathways in Neurodegenerative and Neuropsychiatric Disorders

Wnt signaling is a fundamental pathway in embryogenesis which is evolutionary conserved from metazoans to humans. Much of our understanding of Wnt signaling events emerged from key developmental studies in drosophila, zebra fish, xenopus, and mice. Considerable data now exists on the role of Wnt signaling beyond these developmental processes and in particular its role in health and disease. The focus of this special issue is on Wnt/β-catenin and its diverse physiological cell signaling pathways in neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders. This special issue is composed of six reviews and two original articles selected to highlight recent advances in the role of Wnt signaling in CNS embryonic development, in adult brain function, in neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer’s disease, schizophrenia, NeuroAIDS, and in gliomas. The finding that β-catenin can translocate to the nucleus where it binds to TCF/LEF transcription factors to regulate target gene expression was a seminal observation that linked β-catenin/LEF to T cell development and differentiation. We also provide a nostalgic look on recent advances in role of Wnts in T cell development and maturation. These reviews highlight the extensive body of work in these thematic areas as well as identify knowledge gaps, where appropriate. Understanding Wnt function under healthy and diseased conditions may provide a therapeutic resource, albeit it a challenging one, in diseases where dysfunctional and/or diminished Wnt signaling is a prominent player in the disease process.
Riboswitches in Eubacteria Sense the Second Messenger Cyclic Di-GMP

Cyclic di-guanosine monophosphate (di-GMP) is a circular RNA dinucleotide that functions as a second messenger in diverse species of bacteria to trigger wide-ranging physiological changes, including cell differentiation, conversion between motile and biofilm lifestyles, and virulence gene expression. However, the mechanisms by which cyclic di-GMP regulates gene expression have remained a mystery. We found that cyclic di-GMP in many bacterial species is sensed by a riboswitch class in messenger RNA that controls the expression of genes involved in numerous fundamental cellular processes. A variety of cyclic di-GMP regulons are revealed, including some riboswitches associated with virulence gene expression, pilus formation, and flagellum biosynthesis. In addition, sequences matching the consensus for cyclic di-GMP riboswitches are present in the genome of a bacteriophage.
Effect of Simulated Wind-Driven Rain on Duration and Distance of Dispersal of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri from Canker-Infected Citrus Trees.

ABSTRACT Dynamics of dispersal of the bacteria that causes citrus canker (Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri) were assessed in simulated wind-driven rain splash. The wind/rain-splash events were simulated using electric blowers to generate turbulent wind (15 to 20 m s-1) and sprayer nozzles to produce water droplets entrained in the wind flow. The splash was blown at an inoculum source of canker-infected trees 1 m downwind. The splash downwind of the source of the infected trees was collected by vertical panel samplers and funnel samplers. The duration over which bacteria were dispersed in spray was assessed in continuous wind at intervals from 0 to 52 h after commencing the simulated rain splash event. In one experiment on 11 February 2003, a total of 1.48 × 106 bacteria were collected by panels 1 m downwind from the inoculum source during the first 10 min of dispersal, but the numbers declined to 3.60 × 105 bacteria after 1 h and ranged between 1.42 × 105 and 1.93 × 104 up to 52 h. In a more detailed stud...
On the Extremal Fundamental Frequencies of One-Link Flexible Manipulators

The problem of maximizing the fundamental vibration frequency of a flexible manipulator through the optimum design of its link is addressed. A larger fundamental vibration frequency is desired because it will enable the manipulator to move faster without causing serious oscillation of its end point. Using the variational method, we show that this design problem can be formulated as a nonlinear eigenvalue problem and thus solved by a set of successive iteration schemes. Sensitivity analysis for the optimum design is also performed to obtain useful information for machining allowance specifications. The results of this investigation should be very useful in the design of lightweight and high-performance robotic arms. For example, numeric calculations indicated that an increase ranging from 194.92% to 600.25% in the fundamental vibration frequency can be achieved by the optimum tapering of a flexible manipulator with a link of geometrically similar cross sections. This may lead to a significant improvement in productivity, as the manipulator can rotate three to seven times faster.
Mesoscale structural studies of thin films of YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7

Abstract The surface morphology and growth mechanism of thin films of YBa2Cu3O7 on a variety of single crystal substrates has been investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. Over a wide range of deposition conditions c-axis films nucleate as islands and grow by a dislocation-mediated mechanism (spiral growth). a-axis films, on the other hand, grow by edge addition of vapor phase material to the component layers, giving a very different morphology. Many defect features associated with these growth patterns have been been observed and their dependence on deposition conditions and substrate material, as well as their importance for some superconducting properties is discussed.
Plasma Radiation by Rough Surfaces

The recent observation of a peak of scattered radiation at the plasma frequency from thin metal foils irradiated with light can be explained in terms of a small amount of surface roughness of the foils.
An analysis of monthly household energy consumption among single-family residences in Texas, 2010

Demographic, socioeconomic, and housing characteristics influence variation in household energy consumption. By combining household-level utility, public, and proprietary data, we examine predictors of household energy consumption in a Texas urban area. Using quantile regression, this analysis assesses the relationship between energy consumption and predictors at the middle and both ends of the distribution (10th and 90th percentiles). Results indicate potential opportunities to lower consumption among the highest energy-consuming households including those with pools, with non-central cooling, with people working from home, those built on pier/post foundation, and those that are renter-occupied. These findings suggest significant opportunities to reduce consumption and demand as in the study area, almost 10% of housing units are renter-occupied, 18% percent are without central cooling, and 7% have pools. Capturing a significant portion of these homes for retrofit conservation efforts through marketing has potential to produce substantial results. Producing a better understanding of determinants of household energy consumption using the methods presented has potential to assist development and implementation of strategies to reduce consumption and increase efficiency.
Women's Healthy Lifestyle Project: A randomized clinical trial: results at 54 months.

Background—The Women’s Healthy Lifestyle Project Clinical Trial tested the hypothesis that reducing saturated fat and cholesterol consumption and preventing weight gain by decreased caloric and fat intake and increased physical activity would prevent the rise in LDL cholesterol and weight gain in women during perimenopause to postmenopause. Methods and Results—There were 275 premenopausal women randomized into the assessment only group and 260 women into the intervention group. The mean age of participants at baseline was 47 years, and 92% of the women were white. The mean LDL cholesterol was 115 mg/dL at baseline, and mean body mass index was 25 kg/m2. The follow-up through 54 months was excellent. By 54 months, 35% of the women had become postmenopausal. At the 54-month examination, there was a 3.5-mg/dL increase in LDL cholesterol in the intervention group and an 8.9-mg/dL increase in the assessment-only group (P=0.009). Weight decreased 0.2 lb in the intervention and increased 5.2 lb in the assessment...
On the use of the T-criterion in fracture mechanics

The applicability of the maximum dilatational strain energy density criterion, T-criterion, as proposed by Theocaris and Andrianopoulos, is investigated for use in a crack propagation study. It is found that the T-criterion has to be modified to correctly determine the fracture load. A detailed comparison between the minimum strain energy density criterion, S-criterion, and the new modified T-criterion is given for generalized plane stress and plane strain conditions.
Nuclear data sheets for A = 176

The literature on all nuclei with mass number A = 176 has been reviewed, and the nuclear structure information is summarized here. The level properties obtained from various reaction and decay experiments are shown in the drawings, and Nilsson-state assignments are given.
MgO-supported tetrairidium clusters: Evidence of the metal-support interface structure from X-ray absorption spectroscopy

Iridium clusters were prepared by chemisorption of [Ir4(CO)12] on MgO powder supports that had been calcined at 300, 500, and 700 °C to vary the degree of hydroxylation. The initially adsorbed species, identified as tetrairidium carbonyl clusters by infrared and Raman spectroscopies, were decarbonylated by treatment in He at 300 °C and then treated in H2 at 300 °C. The decarbonylated clusters at each stage were characterized by extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) spectroscopy and X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES). After treatment in He, the clusters on each support nearly retained the tetrahedral metal frame of the [Ir4(CO)12] precursor. After treatment in H2, the clusters on MgO that had been calcined at 500 and at 700 °C still nearly retained this frame, whereas the clusters on MgO calcined at 300 °C underwent slight agglomeration. Ir−O interactions in the decarbonylated samples were indicated by the EXAFS data. In the family of samples treated in He but not H2, the Ir−O bondi...
Impact Damage Tolerance and Fatigue Durability of GLARE Laminates

The fatigue behavior and residual strength of postimpacted GLARE 4-3/2, GLARE 5-2/1, and monolithic aluminum 2024-T3 alloy were investigated experimentally. Drop-weight impact was applied at a variety of energy levels to inflict a barely visible impact damage, a clearly visible impact damage, and a penetration damage. After the impact test, constant-amplitude tension-tension fatigue was done to delineate the modes of damage initiation and growth and the effect of damage on fatigue life and residual strength. The results showed that GLARE laminates exhibit superior postimpact fatigue durability when compared with the monolithic 2024-T3 aluminum alloy.
Outsourced marketing: it's the communication that matters

Purpose – Outsourcing has been promoted as one of the most powerful trends in the modernization of marketing operations. The rationale for such an undertaking includes a variety of factors but is generally predicated on fiduciary considerations. The purpose of this article is to examine the issues with, and the empirical consequences of, outsourcing within the intercollegiate marketing context.Design/methodology/approach – This is an exploratory mixed‐methods study incorporating qualitative and quantitative data to investigate outsourcing specifically related to the communication‐employee commitment relationship.Findings – Results from study 1 reveal that marketing directors perceive outsourcing as critical but also experience dissatisfaction with the level, frequency, and direction of communication. Results from study 2 indicate that an explicit and positive relationship exists between employee satisfaction with communication and their resultant commitment to the organization.Research limitations/implica...
Lanthanide complexes of 4-methylpyridine-1-oxide

The syntheses and physical properties are reported for a series of compounds with general formula Ln(C6H7NO)n(H2O)8−n(ClO4)3(H2O)x where Ln = Pr, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Er, C6H7NO = 4-methylpyridine-1-oxide, n = 6–8 and x = 1 or 2. The emission and i.r. spectra of the europium complexes have been used to study the coordination of the water and N-oxide ligands. The complexes Ln(C6H7NO)8(ClO4)3(H2O)x have approximate D4d symmetry. The symmetries of complexes containing water in the inner coordination sphere could not be determined from the emission spectra.
Severe Mitral Regurgitation Following Acute Myocardial Infarction and Ruptured Papillary Muscle Hemodynamic Findings and Results of Operative Treatment in Four Patients

The results of operative treatment are described in four patients who sustained myocardial infarctions and in whom ruptured left ventricular papillary muscles caused severe mitral regurgitation. All were men between 51 and 69 years of age, and the intervals between myocardial infarction and operation were 3 to 15 months. Each patient manifested severe congestive heart failure. All were in sinus rhythm and had an apical holosystolic murmur and an atrial gallop sound. Three of the four had severe pulmonary hypertension (60 to 80 mm Hg systolic), grossly elevated mean left atrial pressure, and v waves 37 to 45 mm Hg. In all the cardiac index was abnormally low (average 1.8 L/min/m2). In all four patients the mitral valve was replaced with a 2M Starr-Edwards prosthesis. In two of the excised valves, one head of the posterior papillary muscle was infarcted and had ruptured, and in the other two the anterior papillary muscle was similarly involved. All patients survived, and all have derived distinct symptomati...
THE GEOMETRY OF COASTLINES: A STUDY IN FRACTALS

Abstract The geometry of coastlines, based on an empirical study by Lewis Richardson, is presented as a way of introducing the subject of fractals developed by Benoit Mandelbrot. It is shown how the statistically self-similar nature of coastlines can be generalized to an interesting class of point sets, curves and surfaces with the same property. Brownian and fractional Brownian motion are introduced as ways of generating statistically self-similar curves with the appearance of coastlines and mountain ranges.
Factors released by ciliary neurons and spinal cord explants induce acetylcholine receptor mRNA expression in cultured muscle cells

The nuclei of cultured noninnervated muscle cells are heterogeneous with respect to production of mRNA for the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (AChR). Some nuclei actively express AChR mRNA while others have a low level of activity or are inactive. To determine if innervation, or a factor released by neurons, influences nuclear expression of AChR mRNA, we examined mRNA at a single cell level via in situ hybridization and autoradiography with an alpha-subunit AChR genomic probe. Four days after plating, we co-cultured chicken primary muscle cells with spinal cord explants, ciliary neurons, or dorsal root ganglia (DRG) cells. In situ hybridization of the spinal-cord and muscle-cell co-cultures with the AChR alpha-subunit probe revealed a high density of silver grains on muscle cells, which were within two explant diameters of the spinal cord explant, and a graded decrease in silver grain density as the distance from the explant increased, as well as the appearance of a strikingly nonhomogenous distribution of active and inactive muscle cell nuclei. When ciliary neurons were uniformly distributed over the muscle cells, a high level of AChR mRNA was induced, but no gradients appeared. Neither an increased mRNA level nor a gradient was observed when DRG cells were co-cultured with muscle cells. When ciliary neurons are cultured within Costar permeable inserts, which prevent any contact between the neurons and the underlying muscle cells, AChR messenger RNA is still induced, showing that diffusible factors are responsible. Our results indicate that molecules released by cholinergic neurons regulate the expression of AChR mRNA in the myotubes and raise the possibility that AChR expression depends on both neuronal signals and on intracellular information from the muscle cell.
Mechanical Aspects Of The Servo Mount Telescope

A tracking telescope designed, built and tested by Perkin-Elmer contains several unique mechanical design solutions that may be applied to other types of equipment with similar design requirements. Three design areas that required special approaches include an azimuth overtravel stop mechanism permitting +190 degrees of motion, a drive system with very low gear-induced errors and zero backlash and a cable wrap system.
Chemical dependence of the multiple-tip effect in scanning tunneling microscopy

Simultaneous imaging by multiple atomic tips in scanning tunneling microscopy has the effect of superimposing displaced images, which for a two-atom tip may appear as a doubling of atoms. In this paper we present spectroscopic images where the doubling is voltage dependent. We interpret this effect by proposing a tunneling tip with two protruding chemically different atoms. The relative contribution of each atom to the total current is proportional to the atoms' local density of states that can participate in tunneling. If the two protruding tip atoms are chemically different, then the contribution of each tip, and thus the doubling of the image, can be voltage dependent.
Amiodarone and thyroid function

Amiodarone blocks the action of thyroid hormone by the inhibition of 5'-deiodinase which reduces production of T3 in peripheral tissues and possibly by blocking nuclear binding of T3. Since the drug inhibits peripheral conversion of T4 to T3, many patients taking amiodarone have abnormal thyroid function studies (increased T4 and rT3; decreased T3) despite being euthyroid. Treatment of patients with amiodarone generates an iodine excess, which contributes greatly to the significant incidence of altered thyroid status in this population. The diagnosis of hyperthyroidism and hypothyroidism can be difficult. However, using the overall clinical picture and the tolerance limits of hormone levels determined for patients remaining euthyroid on amiodarone therapy, the accurate diagnosis of clinically significant thyroid dysfunction can almost always be made. To screen for thyroid disease, thyroid function should be assessed before initiating therapy, semiannually during therapy or whenever clinical features of thyroid dysfunction occur. Subclinical hypothyroidism as denoted by modest increases in TSH levels do not require treatment or the discontinuation of amiodarone therapy. An appreciation of the mechanism of the interaction between amiodarone and thyroid hormone metabolism allows the clinician to recognize thyroid dysfunction at an early stage and initiate appropriate therapy, thereby minimizing the morbidity associated with forms of amiodarone toxicity.
Why is PSL(2,7)≅ GL(3,2)?

(2009). Why is PSL(2,7)≅ GL(3,2)? The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 116, No. 8, pp. 727-732.
Engineering seismic risk analysis

This paper introduces a method for the evaluation of the seismic risk at the site of an engineering project. The results are in terms of a ground motion parameter (such as peak acceleration) versus average return period. The method incorporates the influence of all potential sources of earthquakes and the average activity rates assigned to them. Arbitrary geographical relationships between the site and potential point, line, or areal sources can be modeled with computational ease. In the range of interest, the derived distributions of maximum annual ground motions are in the form of Type I or Type II extreme value distributions, if the more commonly assumed magnitude distribution and attenuation laws are used.
Stillbirth Reduction Efforts and Impact on Early Births

A major justification for the intentional delivery of a pregnancy before 39 weeks’ gestation is a reduction in stillbirth. However, there is a considerable downside to late preterm or early term deliveries. Infants born before 39 weeks’ gestation are at increased risk for numerous complications and even death. Thus, it is critical to identify which medical problems and circumstances place the fetus at high enough risk for stillbirth so as to justify late preterm or early term birth. This article highlights information pertinent to the pros and cons of iatrogenic preterm birth in pregnancies at risk for stillbirth.
Considerations for theoretical modelling of thermal ablation with catheter-based ultrasonic sources: implications for treatment planning, monitoring and control.

Purpose: To determine the impact of including dynamic changes in tissue physical properties during heating on feedback controlled thermal ablation with catheter-based ultrasound. Additionally, we compared the impact of several indicators of thermal damage on predicted extents of ablation zones for planning and monitoring ablations with this modality.Methods: A 3D model of ultrasound ablation with interstitial and transurethral applicators incorporating temperature-based feedback control was used to simulate thermal ablations in prostate and liver tissue. We investigated five coupled models of heat dependent changes in tissue acoustic attenuation/absorption and blood perfusion of varying degrees of complexity. Dimensions of the ablation zone were computed using temperature, thermal dose, and Arrhenius thermal damage indicators of coagulative necrosis. A comparison of the predictions by each of these models was illustrated on a patient-specific anatomy in the treatment planning setting.Results: Models inclu...
Switching Kalman Filter-Based Approach for Tracking and Event Detection at Traffic Intersections

Automatic event detection from video sequences has applications in several areas such as automatic visual surveillance, traffic monitoring for intelligent transportation systems, key frame detection for video compression, and virtual reality applications. In this work, we present a computer vision-based approach for event detection and data collection at traffic intersections. Specifically, we make the following two contributions: (i) a robust tracking algorithm for targets through combination of multiple cues and multiple motion models, and (ii) a simple event detection system using the results of a switching Kalman filter in combination with some simple rules. We show the results of tracking and event detection, such as, turning, stopped or stalling vehicles, as well as motion statistics (average speeds and accelerations), collected for some outdoor traffic scenes
A performance evaluation tool for multi-sensor classification systems

Multi-Sensor Fusion is founded on the principle that combining information from different sensors will enable a better understanding of the surroundings. However, it would be desirable to evaluate how much one gains by combining different sensors in a fusion system, even before implementing it. This paper presents a tool that allows a user to evaluate the classification performance of a multisensor fusion system modeled by a Bayesian network. Specifically, the system is designed to answer questions such as: (i) What is the probability of correct classification of a given target using a specific sensor individually? (ii) What if a specific set of sensors together are used instead? (iii) What is the performance gain by adding another sensor to this set? and (iv) Which sensors provide a better cost/benefit ratio? These questions are answered based on the probability of correct classification that can be analytically estimated using Bayesian inference with the given sensor models defined by confusion matrices. The principle that combining information enhances the understanding of the surroundings is also supported by the analysis made in an example model for air target tracking and classification using the developed tool.
The Expression of the Epithelial Blood-group Substances: Normal and Malignant Tissues

The blood-group isoantigens are macromolecules localized to the plasma membranes of certain epithelial tissues.2,11-15 These substances are not detectable on the epithelium once it has undergone malignant transformation.2,9,13 Results of this investigation have demonstrated that the loss of detectability of the blood-group isoantigens does not appear to be related to a "masking" effect by an increase in surface sialic acid. Using fluorescein-labeled lectins specific for sugar subunits which are components of the blood-group oligosaccharide chain, it was found that the malignant cells and cells of the para basal layer of normal oral epithelium had high levels of N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (GlcNAC), the subterminal sugar residue of the blood-group chain. The basal cells of normal epithelium and a minority of the malignant cells demonstrated levels of D-galactose-N-acetyl-D-galactosamine, which are the most proximal blood-group sugar subunits, as well as subunits of other membrane antigens.Our results indicate t...
The role of platform integrity in trustworthy systems

Summary form only given. This presentation discusses the role of platform integrity in platform security trustworthiness while reviewing a few basic tenants for hardware requirements to enable and support successful applications. Users demand that applications and platforms strike a delicate balance between hardware and software utility. Platforms, and their associated applications, that are too difficult or complex for the user are bypassed and ignored. Security applications and the platforms they rely upon are not exempt from this axiom.
High-performance parallel pipelined voting networks

Synthesis methods for high-performance generalized bit-voting and word-voting networks are described and the resultant designs are evaluated with respect to speed and cost. Both ordinary and generalized m-out-of-n voting, with arbitrary votes assigned to the inputs, are considered. >
Limitations of chemical dating of monazite

Abstract Instrumental and spectral characteristics germane to chemical dating of monazite have been tested using the Cameca SX-100 at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute. Statistical analysis demonstrates that, for trace element analysis, equal counting time on peak and background is required for optimal statistical precision, thus rendering impractical the procedure of fitting the entire spectrum to obtain background values. Energy shifts require shifting the detector voltage window between peak and background positions, and it is concluded that the differential auto PHA mode works optimally for this. Analyses of Pb-free phosphates, silicates, and oxides are used to measure spectral interferences with the PbM α peak and background positions. Backgrounds were modeled using both linear and exponential fits. It was found that the difference in background counts using the two fits varies with each of the five spectrometers examined, and that the high-pressure (3 bar) detectors show larger differences in exponential vs. linear peak-minus-background (P-B) values than the low-pressure (1 bar) detectors. In addition, every spectrometer requires a unique correction for every major element in monazite. An analytical protocol is presented that incorporates these results. This protocol was applied to several monazite standards to determine inter-spectrometer variability, and spectrometer reproducibility from session to session. It was found that the difference in composition (and age) between spectrometers on identical spots exceeds the 2 sigma standard error of the mean of composition (or age) on either spectrometer. This means that (a) additional sources of error beyond the counting statistics exist between spectrometers; (b) the precision of microprobe ages cannot be continuously improved by additional counting; and (c) the minimum realistic precision is on the order of ± 2–3% for monazites with around 1500–2000 ppm total Pb, or an additional absolute uncertainty of 20–50 ppm Pb.
The H1 Phosphorylation State Regulates Expression of CDC2 and Other Genes in Response to Starvation in Tetrahymena thermophila

In Tetrahymena thermophila, highly phosphorylated histone H1 of growing cells becomes partially dephosphorylated when cells are starved in preparation for conjugation. To determine the effects of H1 phosphorylation on gene expression, PCR-based subtractive hybridization was used to clone cDNAs that were differentially expressed during starvation in two otherwise-isogenic strains differing only in their H1s. H1 in A5 mutant cells lacked phosphorylation, and H1 in E5 cells mimicked constitutive H1 phosphorylation. Sequences enriched in A5 cells included genes encoding proteases. Sequences enriched in E5 cells included genes encoding cdc2 kinase and a Ser/Thr kinase. These results indicate that H1 phosphorylation plays an important role in regulating the pattern of gene expression during the starvation response and that its role in transcription regulation can be either positive or negative. Treatment of starved cells with a phosphatase inhibitor caused CDC2 gene overexpression. Expression of the E5 version of H1 in starved cells containing endogenous, wild-type H1 caused the wild-type H1 to remain highly phosphorylated. These results argue that Cdc2p is the kinase that phosphorylates Tetrahymena H1, establish a positive feedback mechanism between H1 phosphorylation and CDC2 expression, and indicate that CDC2 gene expression is regulated by an H1 phosphatase.
PREHISTORIC ARCHEOLOGY, PAST, PRESENT AND FUTURE.

The attempt has been made in the foregoing paragraphs to outline the whole history of prehistoric archeology: its crude beginnings in ancient times, its steadily accelerating progress during the past two hundred years, and its present achievements. Special emphasis has been placed on the role played by the discovery of surviving primitive industries in America and elsewhere in bringing about a rational attitude towards Stone Age antiquities and a beginning of their systematic investigation. The creation and growth of the organization and personnel promoting and conducting this world-wide research must be left untouched except to say that to-day probably every civilized country has its museums and university teaching staffs. Public interest in man's prehistoric past was never greater than to-day and only financial support is necessary to afford opportunity for the increasing numbers of young men and women who are constantly pleading for a chance to take part in the work. Accordingly, though the task before us is still very great it is not so hopeless as in the case of some other purely natural sciences like astronomy and entomology. For not only is the earth spherical and therefore limited in extent but man's period of occupancy is relatively short. In other words, while prehistoric archeology of necessity was one of the last special branches of research to get really under way, it is likely to be the first to finish its task. Indeed, if archeological investigations, historic and prehistoric, continue to progress at the same accelerating rate as in the past, it would seem that the next hundred years or so might easily see us in possession of all the essential facts. Those more or less indestructible facts or documents once in hand and the spade set aside, archeologists may have to change their titles to those of curators or something even less high-sounding. At all events, those professionally concerned may then devote their entire time to the permanent arrangement and final interpretation of all the available material culture traits, with a view to offering a visible demonstration of how, step by step from small beginnings, things as they are in the human world actually came to be so. That accomplished, when every one has become familiar with our recreated past, we shall be more nearly free and in the best possible position to give our whole-hearted attention to the really major creative problems of the present and the future.
Damage-associated molecular patterns stimulate interleukin-33 expression in nasal polyp epithelial cells.

Background Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP) is a disorder characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and local T-helper 2 (Th2) cytokine production. Innate lymphoid cells that elaborate Th2 cytokines have recently been characterized within nasal polyps. These cells can be activated by the epithelial cell-derived cytokine interleukin-33 (IL-33). The objective of this study is to determine whether 2 molecules associated with tissue damage (high mobility group box-1 [HMGB-1] and adenosine triphosphate [ATP]) elicit expression of IL-33 in sinonasal epithelial cells (SNECs) derived from recalcitrant CRSwNP patients. Methods Ethmoid tissue was obtained from 8 recalcitrant CRSwNP and 9 control subjects during endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS). Tissue was prepared for immunohistochemistry and for SNEC air-liquid interface culture. After exposure to either HMGB1 or ATP in vitro, SNECs were processed for messenger RNA (mRNA) extraction and immunocytochemistry. IL-33 levels were determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and by immunochemical staining with anti-IL-33 antibody. Results Intranuclear IL-33 is normally expressed in basal epithelial cells, but is present in more apical cells and outside the nucleus in CRSwNP. Exposure of SNECs to HMGB-1 or ATP resulted in a statistically significant increase in IL-33 mRNA expression in SNECs derived from recalcitrant CRSwNP patients. This increase was reflected at the protein level by immunochemical staining of IL-33. Conclusion Tissue damage is a nonspecific trigger of epithelial IL-33 production in treatment-recalcitrant polyps, which may be responsible for perpetuating eosinophilic inflammation in CRSwNP. This common pathway may help explain why multiple environmental and infectious agents have been implicated in CRSwNP exacerbation.
Comparative Democracy and Income Distribution: Shape and Direction of the Causal Arrow

Few research studies examine the effect of income distribution on democracy cross-nationally in a simultaneous equation environment (with democracy also influencing income distribution). The most recent such study asserts that no linear relationship exists between the two variables, without testing for nonlinear relationships. In this study, I operationalize democracy and income distribution for 56 countries over the years 1973-1988. I find through pooled two-stage least-squares estimation that democracy and income distribution have nonlinear effects on each other (inverted U-shaped curves). I reflect on these findings as they affect public policy.
Gender and genre variation in weblogs

A relationship among language, gender, and discourse genre has previously been observed in informal, spoken interaction and formal, written texts. This study investigates the language/gender/genre relationship in weblogs, a popular new mode of computer-mediated communication (CMC). Taking as the dependent variables stylistic features identified in machine learning research and popularized in a Web interface called the Gender Genie, a multivariate analysis was conducted of entries from random weblogs in a sample balanced for author gender and weblog sub-genre (diary or filter). The results show that the diary entries contained more 'female' stylistic features, and the filter entries more 'male' stylistic features, independent of author gender. These findings problematize the characterization of the stylistic features as gendered, and suggest a need for more fine-grained genre analysis in CMC research. At the same time, it is observed that conventional associations of gender with certain spoken and written genres are reproduced in weblogs, along with their societal valuations.
The Price of Power: A Biography of Charles Eugene Bedaux

The article presents a review of the book “The Price of Power: A Biography of Charles Eugene Bedaux,” by Jim Christy.
Reliability and validity of the Panic Disorder Severity Scale: replication and extension

Abstract The Panic Disorder Severity Scale (PDSS) is a recently developed seven-item instrument to rate overall severity of Panic Disorder. The scale has previously shown good psychometric properties in a sample of Panic Disorder patients with no more than mild agoraphobia. The purpose of this paper is to confirm reliability and validity, to provide an estimate of a cut-score discriminating the presence or absence of current DSM-IV Panic Disorder, and to determine the factor structure of the instrument. Procedures : 104 psychiatric outpatients, including 54 with current Panic Disorder, underwent structured diagnostic assessment and the PDSS interview. The PDSS was repeated within 3–17 days. Results : we confirmed reliability and validity of the instrument and found a one-factor solution fit the data. A cut-off score of eight identifies patients with current panic with a sensitivity of 83.3%, and a specificity of 64%. Conclusion : the PDSS is a simple, reliable instrument for use in Panic Disorder studies. A cut-score of eight may be useful as a tool to screen patients in settings such as primary care, for diagnosis-level symptoms.
Alpha2-receptor agonists for treatment and prevention of iatrogenic opioid abstinence syndrome in critically ill patients.

Objective:To review the literature regarding the use of α2-agonists in the treatment and prevention of iatrogenic opioid abstinence syndrome (IOAS) in critically ill patients.Data Sources:Primary literature was identified through a search of MEDLINE (1950–June 2009), EMBASE (1988–June 2009), International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (1970–June 2009), and the Cochrane Library (1996–June 2009), using the names of individual α2-agonists and the following key words: children, opioid withdrawal, opioid, and adult. Relevant abstracts from the Society of Critical Care Medicine, reference citations from selected articles, and manufacturers’ product information were also reviewed.Study Selection and Data Extraction:All English-language articles identified from the data sources were evaluated. Three retrospective studies and 6 case reports/series representing 44 patients were included for analysis.Data Synthesis:Central α2-agonists are thought to minimize symptoms of IOAS by decreasing presynaptic outflow of catechola...
Web based remote security system (WRSS) model development

Security of homes, businesses, commercial, and industrial organizations has been of utmost importance. At Florida International University, Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, a Web based remote security system (WRSS) model is being developed by the authors. Proper electronic sensors are installed to detect fire, smoke, physical break-in, and other similar security risks. In addition, proper audio and video monitoring of the property is setup. Information from all these sensors is dynamically sent to a remote security server, using the wireless and the Internet technologies. This information can be accessed by the owners of the property or their designates through the World Wide Web browsing, with proper password and other identification schemes. Irrespective of the physical location, the owners can observe their property through the Web. This will provide a method of observing the condition of their property or business any time on the Web by the owners or their agents. Also, in case of a security violation such as fire or theft, a paging signal can be sent to the owners or the designated agencies to access the Web site of the property. This instantly provides the status of the property and the law enforcement and other agencies can better react to the crisis. In this paper, the authors present the architecture of the Web based security monitoring system with hardware and software methodologies used. Also, practical case studies are presented.
Dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons are not subjected to postsynaptic inhibition during carbachol-induced motor inhibition.

Xi, Ming-Chu, Jack Yamuy, Rong-Huan Liu, Francisco R. Morales, and Michael H. Chase. Dorsal spinocerebellar tract neurons are not subjected to postsynaptic inhibition during carbachol-induced motor...
Mapping QTLs for Mineral Element Contents in Brown and Milled Rice Using an Oryza sativa × O. rufipogon Backcross Inbred Line Population

Biofortifying food crops with essential minerals would help to alleviate mineral deficiencies in humans. Detection of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for mineral nutrient contents in rice was conducted using backcross inbred lines derived from an interspecific cross of Oryza sativa × O. rufipogon. The population was grown in Hangzhou and Lingshui, with the contents of Mg, Zn, Fe, Mn, Cu and Se in brown rice measured in both trials and that in milled rice tested in Hangzhou only. A total of 24 QTLs for mineral element contents were identified, including two for both the brown and milled rice, 17 for brown rice only, and five for milled rice only. All the seven QTLs detected for the mineral contents in milled rice and 13 of the 19 QTLs for the contents in brown rice had the enhancing alleles derived from O. rufipogon. Fifteen QTLs were clustered in seven chromosomal regions, indicating that common genetic-physiological mechanisms were involved for different mineral nutrients and the beneficial alleles could ...
Antibody-Mediated Cytotoxicity

Contact of an Fc receptor (FcR)-bearing effector cell and a potential biologic target may occur in the presence of antibodies directed against the surface of the target. When this interaction culminates in damage or killing of the biologic target, it is referred to as antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC). A multitude of studies indicate that ADCC reactions are involved in immune functions which may be beneficial or deleterious to the whole animal. For example, allograft and tumor rejection, viral resistance (Cerottini and Brunner, 1974; Kohl et al., 1977), and host defense against multicellular helminths (Ellner and Mahmoud, 1982) are in large part effected by ADCC reactions. On the other hand, life-threatening disease states such as immune thrombocytopenic purpura and immune hemolytic anemia also involve ADCC reactions (Kurlander et al., 1978).
Fuzzy Mathematical Programming

Fuzzy set theory was first developed for solving the imprecise/vague problems in the field of artificial intelligence, especially for imprecise reasoning and modelling linguistic terms. In solving decision making problems, the pioneer work came from Bellman and Zadeh [12], Tanaka, Okuda and Asai [236][237], Negoita et al. [176][178][179], Zimmermann [296][298], Orlovsky [192], Yager [266] and Freeling [92].
Black on Black Trust: The Politics of Black Americans' Intraracial Trust

Although political scientists have questioned the extent to which blacks are the least trusting racial group in the United States as far as social trust and political trust (Putnam, 1995; Brehm and Rahn, 1997; Rahn and Transue, 1996; Brehm, 1998; Avery, 2009) , these inquiries have focused on blacks' trust compared to other racial groups. More recent research also explores how black people trust other racial groups (Nunnally, 2011). However, limited if any research has been done on how black people trust one another. That is, how do black people think about trusting other blacks as far as ethnicity, class, gender, age, and sexuality? Using data from an original national, public opinion survey developed by the author, this paper explores how intersectionality influences blacks' intraracial trust. Moreover, the paper explores possible limits of intraracial identification in linking blacks with other blacks, which may affect their political mobilization efforts and broader, group solidarity.
Cantharidin content of blister beetles (Coleoptera : Meloidae) collected from Kansas alfalfa and implications for inducing cantharidiasis

Cantharidin contents were determined for four Epicauta species abundant in northeast Kansas alfalfa fields. E. occidentalis (Werner) and E. pennsylvanica (DeGeer) typically contained much cantharidin (198–266 μ g/beetle), representing nearly 1% of their dry body weight, significantly more toxin than possessed by E. fabricii (LeConte) and E. pestifera Werner. Two species also exhibited significant intersexual differences in cantharidin content. E. occidentalis males had almost four times more cantharidin than females. In contrast, female E. pennsylvanica contained approximately six times as much of the substance as males. Three bales of alfalfa hay were collected from an area of a field infested with a swarm of E. occidentalis at the time of harvest. Blister beetles were recovered from 91% of the mechanically produced sections of compressed hay (commonly known as flakes) from these bales. Although the contamination in only one flake of hay approached a calculated lethal level of 25 mg/kg forage, these data indicate that an encounter with a single blister beetle-contaminated flake of hay in the toxic range is quite possible, albeit infrequent. Flakes of field-collected hay, contaminated at the highest observed levels, could provide a lethal dose of cantharidin to horses weighing 125–500 kg.
IN-HOSPITAL AND POST-DISCHARGE CHANGES IN RENAL FUNCTION FOLLOWING TRANSCATHETER AORTIC VALVE REPLACEMENT

Chronic kidney disease and in-hospital worsening renal function (WRF) are both associated with poor outcomes following transcatheter aortic valve replacement (TAVR). There are no data available on post-discharge WRF and outcomes. This was a single-center study evaluating all TAVR from June 1 2008
Variety of responses and reactive inhibition

This experiment involved four lengths of intertrial interval (0, 5, 20, or 60 sec.) and four numbers of different letters (1, 3, 5, or 7) to be written over and over again during 10 1-min. trials. Increasing either the length of the interval or the number of different letters produced significantly higher performances (measured by the number of letters written per trial), but the predicted interaction was not significant.