cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Energy Transfer and Dissipation in a Three-Degree-of-Freedom System With Stribeck Friction

Friction at connecting joints is a key mechanism by which passive damping occurs in built-up structures. This paper explores the ability of friction to transfer energy between subsystems of an interconnected system. Two single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) systems are used to represent separate subsystems and a third mass is used to represent the connecting joint. A Stribeck friction model is used to represent the resistive force acting on this coupling mass. Through numerical simulation studies, the influence of the subsystem dynamics on the overall energy dissipation levels is investigated. In particular, it is seen that favorable tuning conditions exist that result in a “pumping” of energy from the low-frequency motion of one subsystem to the higher-frequency motion of the other subsystem. It is also seen that one-way energy transfer can occur in such a system due to the eventual joint lock-up that can occur when the connecting mass sticks.Copyright © 2005 by ASME
VIRO-GENI: SDN-Based Approach for a Non-IP Protocol in GENI

Non-IP protocols always presented a challenge for network researchers to deploy and test at large scale. GENI infrastructure presents a testbed to deploy large scale network experiments, however, non-IP protocols still raises a challenge to deploy since IP is the narrow waist of the Internet. SDN provides an opportunity implement non-IP protocols, however, the OpenFlow standard is still tied to Ethernet/IP/TCP protocol stack. In the paper, we utilize SDN to provide a framework to deploy and test a non-IP protocol, Virtual Id Routing (VIRO), in GENI using an extended Open vSwitch platform.
Constitution Making and Democratic Innovation: The European Union and Transnational Governance

The European Union stands before a constitutional moment. While some deny the need for a constitution and others want a familiar federal form, I argue that one of the main goals of the constitutional convention ought to be to make the European Union more democratic. The central question is: what sort of democracy is suggested by some of the more novel aspects of European integration? This question demands a normative standard by which to evaluate the realization of democracy in transnational polities. Along republican lines, the proper standard is nondomination. With this normative framework in mind, the problem that the constitution has to solve is juridification, or the possibility of legal domination where there is no unified sovereignty. The solution to this problem of legal domination requires that the constitution institute a reflexive legal order best realized in a deliberative federalism appropriate to a polycentric and diverse polity. Finally, the institutions of this federalism ought also to be ...
An investigation into the timing of consumer requests for price‐matching refunds

Purpose – The paper proposes investigating the timing of consumer requests for price‐matching refunds, the relationship between the refund timing and consumer repeat store purchase and the reasons for buying from the price‐matching store when a lower competitive price is found before purchase.Design/methodology/approach – In Study 1, qualitative research (consumer interviews) was conducted; Study 2 uses a shopping simulation in which the timing of consumer refund‐seeking behavior is observed, and Study 3 involves a consumer survey in which information on consumer refund‐seeking behavior at real stores is gathered.Findings – The paper finds that consumers request price‐matching refunds more frequently at the time of purchase than after the purchase. Seeking (and receiving) the price‐matching refund is associated with higher repeat store purchase behavior than not having had a refund‐seeking experience. Key reasons for buying from the price‐matching retailer when a lower competitive price is found before pu...
Myelodysplastic Syndromes: Impact of Recently Analyzed Variables for Modifying Current Classification Methods

Abstract The search for prognostic variables that can risk stratify patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS), predict mortality, and predict transformation to acute myeloid leukemia dates back to the early 1980s and has since undergone many changes and refinements. The 3 major classifications of MDS remain the French-American-British classification based on morphologic criteria; the International Prognostic Scoring System based on bone marrow blast percentage, number of peripheral cytopenias, and karyotype; and the World Health Organization classification based on morphology, blast count, and cytogenetic abnormalities, all stratified into narrower subgroups. All 3 classifications have been proven to be useful in clinical decision-making and have been validated through single-center and multicenter studies of patients with MDS. Over the past decade, several new prognostic variables have been proposed to further refine MDS classification, including the following: serum lactic dehydrogenase, marrow cell immunophenotyping, red blood cell transfusion dependence, further subgrouping of cytogenetic abnormalities, human leukocyte antigen–DR subtyping, molecular markers, and genetic signatures. These more recently reported prognostic variables have demonstrated added prognostic value to previous classifications when individually evaluated in groups of patients with MDS. This review analyzes these data and provides a proposal for considering modification of the currently used standard classifications of MDS.
Recurrent thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura associated with membranous glomerulopathy.

INDEX WORDS: Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura; membranous glomerulopathy; microangiopathlc hemo­ lytic anemia. T HROMBOTIC thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is characterized by microangiopathic hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, and neuro­ logic abnormalities. Endothelial injury leads to diffuse platelet thrombus formation in vascular beds throughout the body. A vicious cycle of vaso­ constriction and fibrin deposition, with further dis­ seminated thrombus formation follows. Therapies that control this process involve replacing con­ sumed or absent factors (plasma or whole blood transfusion) and removing products of the coagu­ lation cascade or platelet aggregating factors (plas­ mapheresis). We report a case of TIP accompa­ nied by membranous glomerulopathy. The deposition of immune complexes and complement in the endothelium of both renal and extrarenal blood vessels may have precipitated the terminal episode of TTP in this patient.
Comparison of Duplex Stabilizing Properties of 2′-Fluorinated Nucleic Acid Analogues with Furanose and Non-Furanose Sugar Rings

We compare the duplex stabilizing properties of 2'-fluorinated nucleic acid analogues with furanose and non-furanose ring systems and dissect the relative contributions of hydration, sugar conformation, and fluorine configuration toward the overall T(m) value. We find that the stabilization imparted by fluorine substitution is additive over that obtained by restricting the conformation of the sugar ring itself. Our studies support further evaluation of fluorinated nucleic acid analogues with non-furanose sugar rings as surrogates of 2'-F RNA for therapeutic antisense applications.
Pics-on-wheels: Photo surveillance in the vehicular cloud

Cloud computing allows user to access remote hardware, data and software through the network. However, many of these resources today are found on mobiles. For example, modern vehicles provide powerful platforms for computation, data delivery, storage, and sensing. This paper introduces the notion of Mobile Cloud computing to tap mobile resources. As an example, we describe the Pies-on-Wheels service, a Vehicular Cloud service that delivers images on demand to citizens by using vehicles' on board cameras. A server (eg taxi dispatcher or Navigator Server) accepts requests from members and assigns the photo clicking task to vehicles close to the target. The feasibility of the Pies-on-Wheels service is demonstrated in a San Francisco scenario using published taxicab routes.
Outside the Music Box: A Manifesto

: [commentary, Music and Sound, ethnomusicology, linguistics, history of anthropology, subdisciplines]
Neutrophil Recruitment by Fetal Porcine Endothelial Cells: Implications in Scarless Fetal Wound Healing

Fetal dermal wounds heal scarlessly and with a minimal inflammatory response. When a robust inflammatory response is induced at the site of fetal dermal wounds by the application of cytokines, healing results in fibrosis. To test the hypothesis that the reduced inflammatory response in fetal wounds is due to impaired fetal leukocyte-endothelial interactions, the contributions of fetal endothelial cells to the inflammatory response in the fetus were investigated. Endothelial cells isolated from blood vessels of adult and mid-gestational fetal pigs were cultured in media until confluent monolayers were established. Adult porcine neutrophils were isolated and resuspended at a concentration of 1 million cells/mL. Interactions between neutrophils and endothelial cells were observed under static and flow conditions. Endothelial monolayers were exposed to neutrophils with and without prior stimulation of the endothelial cells with tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) for 4 h. The neutrophil-endothelial interactions were observed and analyzed for neutrophil adhesion, rolling velocity, and transmigration. Endothelial P-selectin mRNA expression was determined by real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A novel in vitro model of fetal inflammation is described. Both adult and fetal endothelial cells demonstrated a dose-dependent increase in neutrophil adhesion and transmigration with increasing doses of TNF-alpha. The fetal response was significantly lower than the adult. As expected, rolling velocity was lower at higher cytokine concentrations and had an inverse correlation with P-selectin mRNA expression. Fetal endothelial cells are less permissive to adhesion and transmigration of neutrophils than adult endothelial cells. This may contribute to the paucity of inflammation seen in the fetal response to dermal injury.
Laser assessment of leaflet closing motion in prosthetic heart valves

The dynamics of leaflet motion in heart valve prostheses (HVP), and in particular the closing velocity, is believed to be related to the valve sound and possibly to the phenomenon of valve cavitation. This paper describes a non-intrusive laser sweeping technique enabling the study of leaflet motion. The principle of measurement and the equipment involved are presented, together with the results of two commercially available, 29 mm bileaflet mitral valves, a St. Jude Medical, and an Edwards Duromedic valve. Experiments were carried out in a pulsatile mock flow testing loop designed to mimic physiological pressure waveforms and ventricular contraction. Measurements of heart rate were made in the range 70-120 beats min-1, with a ventricular pressure slope range of 1800-5600 mm Hgs-1 and a cardiac output range of 5.0-7.5 litres min-1. Motion analysis of the measured data focuses on the velocity of the leaflet immediately before closure.
GAS PHASE DISPERSION IN A DOWNFLOW BUBBLE COLUMN

The gas phase dispersion characteristics in the downflow bubble column have been investigated by measuring the oxygen concentration profiles in the gas phase during air oxidation of sulfite solution. The two parameter dispersion model was used to evaluate the axial gas phase dispersion coefficient. The effect of surface tension of liquid on the dispersion characteristics was also investigated using Triton 114. The values of Peclet numbers obtained were in the range 0.5-4.0, indicating that significant backmixing in the gas phase prevailed. Under similar operating conditions, downflow bubble column gave considerably higher backmixing compared to upflow bubble column. An empirical correlation to predict the dispersion coefficient in the downflow bubble column is also proposed.
A curvilinear, anisotropic, p-version, brick finite element based on geometric entities

A 'brick' solid finite element is presently developed on the basis of the p-version analysis, and used to demonstrate the FEM concept of 'geometric entities'. This method eliminates interelement discontinuities between low- and high-order elements, allowing very fine control over the shape-function order in various parts of the model. Attention is given to the illustrative cases of a one-element model of an elliptic pipe, and a square cross-section cantilevered beam.
A solution to the spurious ambiguity problem for practical Combinatory Categorial Grammar parsers

Abstract To parse real texts to derive precise semantics, grammar-based parsers must deal with conjuncts and fragments not traditionally considered constituents. Currently available large-scale grammar-based parsers do not systematically handle such phenomena. This paper reports two parser implementations based on Combinatory Categorial Grammar, which can recognize constituents more flexibly but accurately, and shows their practicality after overcoming a potential efficiency problem associated with this flexibility arising from so-called ‘spurious ambiguity’.
Complications of laparoscopic ports

SummaryAssociated with the continued increase in the usage of laparoscopy for the management of intraperitoneal disease processes there has been an associated increase in the reporting of complications related to the use of laparoscopic ports. This review presents illustrative cases from our Service of port-related complications. Proposals as to how best to minimize occurrence of these misadventures as well as management recommendations are presented.
Role of Green Building Programs in Enhancing the Usage of Environmentally Certified Wood in the U.S. Residential Construction Industry

The residential construction industry is the largest market for certified wood in the U.S., although low awareness among homebuyers coupled with unreliable supply and high price, provides little economic incentive for its use by homebuilders. However, the increasing use of Green Building Programs, which incentivize the use of certified wood, represents an opportunity to expand the demand for certified wood in the U.S.. This article investigates the role of the LEED for Homes green building program in increasing the awareness and usage of FSC (Forest Stewardship Council) certified wood products among U.S. homebuilders. The study results are based on responses obtained from a national survey of 402 residential homebuilders and remodelers. The results reveal a strong relationship between homebuilders’ awareness and use of certified wood and their use of the LEED program. A majority of the respondents who reported using FSC certified wood cited the awarding of “green building points” within the LEED program a...
Effect of diffusion by the vacancy mechanism on Mössbauer line broadening

The effect of the self-diffusion of a M\"ossbauer active atom, by the vacancy mechanism, on the resonance line shape is studied in several approximations and by direct computer calculation of the motions of the active atom and a vacancy. The results for self-diffusion in simple and body-centered-cubic lattices show that the empty-lattice solution can be used as a first approximation if the jump time is scaled by the Bardeen-Herring correlation coefficient for bulk diffusion. This approximation is correct within about (5 to 10)%.
Gene cooption without duplication during the evolution of a male-pregnancy gene in pipefish

Comparative studies of developmental processes suggest that novel traits usually evolve through the cooption of preexisting genes and proteins, mainly via gene duplication and functional specialization of paralogs. However, an alternative hypothesis is that novel protein function can evolve without gene duplication, through changes in the spatiotemporal patterns of gene expression (e.g., via cis-regulatory elements), or functional modifications (e.g., addition of functional domains) of the proteins they encode, or both. Here we present an astacin metalloprotease, dubbed patristacin, which has been coopted without duplication, via alteration in the expression of a preexisting gene from the kidney and liver of bony fishes, for a novel role in the brood pouch of pregnant male pipefish. We examined the molecular evolution of patristacin and found conservation of astacin-specific motifs but also several positively selected amino acids that may represent functional modifications for male pregnancy. Overall, our results pinpoint a clear case in which gene cooption occurred without gene duplication during the genesis of an evolutionarily significant novel structure, the male brood pouch. These findings contribute to a growing understanding of morphological innovation, a critically important but poorly understood process in evolutionary biology.
Cure versus flow in dispersed chip-underfill materials

The relative stability of chip-underfill composite materials was modeled as a function of glass filler concentration between 10 and 70 wt.-%, filler particle size (between 5 and 25 microns), and the curing temperature of the resin (150 vs. 180 °C), yielding different dynamic viscosity profiles. The stability was gauged using a modified sigmoidal chemorheology model for the dynamic viscosity, and incorporating the time-dependent viscosity into a model for Stokes' law of sedimentation. We also incorporated a hindered sedimentation term, due to filler concentration due to the higher loadings. Several important findings were observed. First, it appears to be the high concentration of filler that is maintaining the stability of these dispersions during cure. Smaller concentrations of the same particles were predicted to have a larger sedimentation velocity leading to stratification in the resin with time. Second, higher cure temperatures led to a shorter period of sedimentation in a pre-cured state and resulted in less sedimentation, even though there was probably a slightly smaller viscosity in the pre-cured condition. While these process models adequately describe the physics of the competitive processes of cure and sedimentation, a full picture maybe incomplete without a larger determination of how this also affects polymerization shrinkage and residual shear stress upon cure.
Total Synthesis of Piericidin A1. Application of a Modified Negishi Carboalumination-Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling

A total synthesis of the mitochondrial complex I inhibitor piericidin A1 is described. It features a unique strategy for the key disconnection, highlighting a modified Negishi carboalumination/Ni-catalyzed cross-coupling on a polyenyne precursor.
THE MECHANISM OF CHINA'S SOUTH-POINTING CARRIAGE

Early man was an inveterate traveler, and he often encountered situations in which natural landmarks and directional references failed him. His first successful attempts to devise an artificial heading reference to aid him in his journeys are generally conceded to have been made in ancient China. References to these instruments in original texts are sparse and confusing, and are sometimes attributed to legend rather than to fact. The “south pointer” mentioned in these writings was thought by early researchers to refer to the magnetic compass, but modern scholars feel that there have been errors in interpretation, and that the magnetic compass was not invented until a much later era. This paper describes the design and construction of a working model of a south-pointing carriage based upon a reasonable conjecture as to the working principles of the original instrument. Clues derived from ancient texts were used where applicable.
Pleistocene malacofauna of the Požarevac Danube area (NE Serbia)

The results of recent analyses of loess samples from the localities: Cirikovac, Klenovnik, Novi Kostolac, Zatonje and Kisiljevo, confirm the idea that malacological associations identify biotope characteristics. Using palaeontological analyses, 25 species of gastropods were identified. Statistical analyses, tables and histograms based on ecological indices separate malacolgical associations: forest and species living mainly in woods, but also in mesophilous places and both damp and dry biotopes, steppe, open biotopes, mesophilous and hygrophilous species. Based on the current literature on the Požarevac Danube Area, the species Vertigo pygmaea in Cirikovac and Columella columella in Klenovnik were recorded for the first time. Based on the following species: Succinella oblonga, Cochlicopa lubrica, Granaria frumentum, Vallonia costata, Vitrea crystallina, Pupilla muscorum, etc. it could be concluded that loessoid eolian sediments have their origin in the arid climate during the Pleistocene.
Transient Ischemic Attack and Nephrotic Syndrome: Case Report and Review of Literature

Thrombotic complications in patients with nephrotic syndrome are attributed to a hypercoagulable state. Venous thrombosis is common, but arterial thrombosis occurs less frequently in adult nephrotic patients. We report a case of recurrent transient ischemic attacks as an initial manifestation of nephrotic syndrome due to early-stage membranous glomerulonephritis, review the literature for similar cases, and briefly discuss this potentially life-threatening condition. We observed that transient ischemic attack or ischemic stroke could be the initial manifestation of nephrotic syndrome. Our observation may serve as reminder to consider nephrotic syndrome as a possible contributor when evaluating patients with transient ischemic attacks with no other discernable clues. A high index of suspicion alone avoids the unnecessary withholding of prophylaxis or treatment that can be life saving.
Inhibition of estradiol-induced intranuclear inclusions by an anti-estrogen (nafoxidine) in mammotrophs of the Mongolian gerbil.

SummaryNafoxidine, an anti-estrogen, inhibited the induction of intranuclear inclusions by estradiol in mammotrophs of the male Mongolian gerbil. No inclusions were observed with inhibitor alone or in control-injected gerbils. Estrogen may well act directly on mammotrophs in induction of nuclear inclusions.The author is grateful to Mrs. Neonile Fylypiw, Mr. Luther Joseph, Mrs. Elisabeth Lawson, Mrs. Geneva Joseph and Mr. Robert Linsmair for skilled technical assistance.
Control of nonlinear, continuous, dynamic systems via finite elements, sensitivity analysis, and optimization

A general methodology to design open loop controllers for nonlinear, dynamic, continuous systems is presented and applied to control a single flexible link (SFL). In this application, the partial differential equations that describe the beam system are first analyzed via the finite element method (FEM) and Newmark integration method. Two open loop control inputs to achieve specified system performance criteria are then computed by posing and solving inverse dynamics problems. These analyses use nonlinear programming (NLP) algorithms and analytical gradients that are computed by the direct sensitivity method. The open loop control is verified experimentally. Closed loop controller synthesis for linear time invariant (LTI) and linear time varying systems (LTV) is relatively well understood. To apply this knowledge base to the control of the SFL, the nonlinear finite element plant model is linearized and recast in standard state space form.
Rural industrialization objectives: The income-employment conflict

Abstract This paper examines the existence of a trade-off between employment and income levels as objectives of rural industrialization. The theoretical approach suggested in order to explain conflicting views regarding the relations between these objectives treats separately static conditions, dynamic conditions and long-term projections. Some of these considerations are tested using empirical data relating to rural industrialization in Northeast Brazil. The conclusions reached refer to some indications of optimal industrialization policies for the achievement of alternative development objectives.
Cognitive Behavioral HIV Risk Reduction In Those Receiving Psychiatric Treatment: A Clinical Trial

Among severely mentally ill (SMI) substance abusers, HIV rates are elevated and HIV risk reduction interventions have been shown to be less effective. An enhanced cognitive behavioral HIV risk reduction intervention (E-CB) for SMI was compared to a health promotion condition (HPC) in 222 psychiatric outpatients at 6 months postintervention. Compared to females, males in the E-CB improved on intention to practice safer sex and in condom use skills and in unprotected vaginal sex, but did not differ in HIV knowledge, perceived susceptibility, anxiety, condom attitudes, safer sex self-efficacy, unprotected vaginal sex acts, or sex partners. Across intervention groups, there were improvements in all areas except self-efficacy and number of partners. Risk reduction among SMI may be facilitated by increasing awareness of health related behaviors and HIV-targeted content. However, meaningful changes in critical risk reduction skills and intentions may require a more focused intervention and may vary by gender.
The art of case study research

Introduction An Intensive Study of Case Study Research Methods The Unique Case Research Questions The Nature of Qualitative Research Data Gathering Analysis and Interpretation Case Researcher Roles Triangulation Writing the Report Reflections Harper School
Donald Schon's Philosophy of Design and Design Education

Donald A. Schon is among our generation’s most influential philosophers of design and design education, yet remains uncelebrated in both philosophy and design education. This paradox dissolves when we consider Schon’s specific contribution. He was, by his own account, a displaced philosopher working in (among other places) a management consulting firm, a governmental agency, a non-profit center for social development, and finally a university department of urban planning. He used his marginal position in the design professions to reframe professional practice generally. Schon spoke from philosophy and design to professional practice, conceiving design to be its unifying core. From his philosophy of design he projected a new model for teaching and learning in the professions, and a new conception of the research university. The former has been taken up and elaborated by educators in the professions ‐ in schools of medicine, law, business, public administration, education, engineering, architecture, among others. The latter has entered the mainstream of discussion among higher education reformers. Philosophers and design educators have not paid the same measure of attention to Schon’s ideas. My purpose in this article is to re-introduce Schon as philosopher and design educator, to provide a simple exposition of his basic ideas ‐ his conception of design, his notion that all professional practice is ‘designlike,’ his ideas about how design is taught and learned, and his conception of the university as a collection of schools of design.
Initial management of Parkinson’s disease

Parkinson's disease is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders seen in the United States and United Kingdom. The disease is characterised by two processes-cellular degeneration and the resulting biochemical deficiency of dopamine. Although these processes are inter-related, they are approached separately in the clinical setting. Currently, no proven neuroprotective or disease modifying treatment is available for Parkinson's disease. Several agents can be used to treat the motor symptoms associated with dopamine deficiency, and it is important to choose wisely when starting treatment. Drugs can have mild, moderate, or high potency, and the patient's goals, comorbidities, and the short and long term implications of choosing a specific agent should be taken into account when selecting the appropriate agent. Non-motor symptoms, such as depression, fatigue, and disorders of sleep and wakefulness, also need to be evaluated and treated. Research is under way to deliver dopaminergic therapy more effectively, but studies aimed at slowing or stopping disease progression have not shown promise.
The Application of Stand-alone Injection Systems in Remote and/or Highly Populated Areas Reduces Construction Costs

This paper discusses the successful application of a stand-alone injection system to provide pressure support for Hanifa reservoir of Abqaiq Field, Saudi Arabia. This stand-alone injection system is a cost-effective method to provide localized powered-water injection for areas inaccessible by pipelines or costly to tie to the centralized injection facilities. Such a system has recently been successfully deployed for developing part of Abqaiq Field overlain by a residential area. The reservoir under development is relatively tight that would not effectively respond to the prevalent simple gravity dump flood, as is the case for the overlaying high-permeability Arab-D reservoir. The system consists of a single well that serves as the water supply and injector in one, and a horizontal pump. The well has a dual completion across a shallow aquifer and the target reservoir. A tubing and packer allows aquifer water to free-flow behind the tubing to a skid-mounted surface horizontal pump, where it is then boosted and injected back through the tubing to the target reservoir. The introduction of this system in a pilot well and two subsequent completions has resulted in significant cost savings versus the conventional tie-in to the centralized injection facilities. The construction of a potentially hazardous high-pressure flowlines across the population center has been avoided, while allowing the development of this part of the field, which, otherwise, would require the more expensive extended reach drilling.
A study of instability to electrical symmetry breaking in unicellular systems

Abstract The formation of a transcellular electric potential by an initially homogeneous and symmetric unicellular system is treated as the result of a non-equilibrium transition of the homogeneous cellular state to a patterned state. A mathematical theory is set forth which incorporates effects due to ion binding by membraneous structures in the cell interior, nonlinearity in the membrane transport of ions and a membrane-localized, mobile ion transport mechanism. This is a general theory, applicable to any unicellular system, for which a stability criterion giving the response of the system to non-spherically symmetric perturbations can be calculated. The general theory is applied to a specific model of the Fucus egg cell system. The model is found to be unstable to non-spherically symmetric perturbations under experimental conditions which lead to the formation of a net transcellular electric field and accompanying ionic currents. This study shows that the Fucus phenomenon can be thought of as a self-organization event, the result of nonlinear, non-equilibrium processes occurring in the cell membrane.
Hr-t and ts-a: two early gene functions of polyoma virus.

Abstract Complementation in productive infection occurs between hr-t mutants of polyoma virus and all previously defined classes of temperature-sensitive mutants. Hr-t and ts-a mutants, both of which map in the early region of the viral DNA and are defective in cell transformation, have been compared in detail. The growth of ts-a mutants fails to respond to host factors or murine leukemia virus infection in the manner of hr-t mutants. Optimal complementation for virus growth occurs at high ts-a:hr-t input ratios, and under these conditions the complementation is symmetric and efficient. Results of gene dosage experiments suggest a catalytic role for the ts-a (wild type) product, and reveal a partial dominant lethal effect of hr-t mutant products. Hr-t and ts-a mutants also complement one another for cell transformation. These results indicate that the hr-t and ts-a viral genes govern different steps in the processes of virus growth and cell transformation.
Synthesis and Reactivity Aspects of the Bis(dithiolene) Chalcogenide Series [WIVQ(S2C2R2)2]2- (Q = O, S, Se)

An improved synthetic route to the previously reported dicarbonyl complexes [W(CO)2(S2C2R2)2] (R = Ph (1), Me (2)) has been developed via the thermal reaction of [W(CO)3(MeCN)3] and [Ni(S2C2R2)2] in dichloromethane (60−70%). Complexes 1 and 2 are shown to be useful synthetic precursors by means of carbonyl ligand displacement. Reactions of 1 with Et4NOH, Na2S, and Li2Se afford the previously unknown bis(dithiolene) series [WIVQ(S2C2Ph2)2]2- (Q = O (3), S (6), Se (7), 65−76%). Complex 2 and Et4NOH give [WIVO(S2C2Me2)2]2- (5, 68%). Members of the series manifest absorption spectra that are strongly dependent on Q and redox potentials for WIVQ/WVQ couples that are independent of Q. Reaction of 3 and 5 with MeI or EtI results in mono-S-alkylation as shown by the 1H NMR spectra of [WO(EtS2C2R2)(S2C2R2)]1-, which indicate a single stereoisomer with a diastereotopic methylene group. S-alkylation of 3 was further confirmed by the structure of the reaction product with MeI, [WO(MeS2C2Ph2)(S2C2Ph2)]1- (8, 65%), whi...
Prediction of stability constants. II. Metal chelates of natural alkyl amino acids and their synthetic analogs

Abstract The currently available critical stability constants of amino acid complexes of metal ions are employed as the basis for estimating the constants that have not been measured so as to provide a comprehensive data base describing the reactions of metal ions with twenty two types of aliphatic amino acid ligands. The latter include diaminomonocarboxylic and monoaminodicarboxylic acids, but are restricted to aliphatic naturally occurring ligands, and closely related synthetic compounds. In addition stability data are presented for fourteen structural types of monoprotonated amino acids, and six structural types of diprotonated amino acids. For more limited numbers of amino acid types data are presented and trends are discussed for the alkaline earths, the lanthanides, and the first row transition metal series. The need for more measured (experimental) data for the development of a comprehensive data base of measured and estimated constants for such groups of metal ions as the lanthanides, transition metals, the actinides, and a few heavy metal ions is pointed out.
Antifungal therapy: current concepts and evidence-based management

Program overviewThe clinical care of seriously ill patients can often be complicated by invasive fungal infections that substantially increase morbidity and mortality. Early identification of these infections is paramount to successful clinical outcomes. Effective management of invasive fungal infections also requires individualized therapy that optimizes efficacy and safety. The clinician must be knowledgeable about fungal epidemiology and the antifungal spectrum of activity, as well as key pharmacokinetic and toxicologic characteristics of these agents, to direct successful treatment.In this educational activity, the healthcare professional will be instructed on the current diagnostic methods and antifungal therapies, as well as how to best integrate them into patient care.
Linking the micro- and macro-level dimensions of lifestyle-routine activity and opportunity models of predatory victimization

This paper explores the importance of linking the micro- and macro-level dimensions of household and personal victimization. Specifically, we use the British Crime Survey, a nationally representative sample of 10,905 residents of England and Wales, to examine differences in victimization risk associated with demographic characteristics, lifestyle-routine activities, and community context. In general, victimization risk is highest for the young, the singles, and those who frequently go out at night or leave their homes empty. Independent of these individual-level effects, however, burglary victimization is directly related to community levels of primary (single)-individual households, family disruption, unemployment, and housing density, while personal theft is inversely related to community social cohesion (friendship networks, residential stability). Furthermore, personal theft is positively related to community “street activity” (i.e., rate at which residents go out at night on foot), regardless of individual-level lifestyle. The results thus support a multilevel opportunity model of predatory victimization.
Evidence of log integrity in policy-based security monitoring

Monitoring systems are commonly used by many organizations to collect information about their system and network operations. Typically, SNMP, IDS, or software agents generate log data and store them in a centralized monitoring system for analysis. However, malicious employees, attackers, or even organizations themselves can modify such data to hide malicious activities or to avoid expensive non-compliance fines. This paper proposes a cloud-based framework for verifying the trustworthiness of the logs based on a small amount of evidence data. A simple Cloud Security Monitoring (CSM) API, made available on the cloud services, allows organizations operating on the cloud to collect additional “evidence” about their systems. Such evidence is used to verify system compliance against the policies set by security managers or regulatory authorities. We present a strategy for randomly auditing and verifying resource compliance, and propose an architecture that allows the organizations to prove compliance to an external auditing agency.
A FREQUENCY DOMAIN METHOD FOR ESTIMATING THE PARAMETERS OF A NON-LINEAR STRUCTURAL DYNAMIC MODEL THROUGH FEEDBACK

Abstract A unifying perspective of non-linear structural dynamic systems as linear in the open loop with non-linear feedback in the closed loop has recently been revisited by the authors. The authors have previously used feedback to derive a new formulation of frequency response function matrices of non-linear systems, which are described as modulations of nominal linear systems. The modulation creates a pseudo-separation of the linear and non-linear dynamics of the system. The present article derives a new method for estimating parameters of non-linear parametric models that uses internal feedback to account for non-linearities. The main advantage of the new formulation of non-linear system identification is its simplicity. Moreover, the method estimates the linear frequency response matrix and non-linear system parameters at forced and unforced degrees of freedom of general multiple-degree-of-freedom non-linear systems simultaneously. This article demonstrates the implementation of this method on simulated data from single- and multiple-degree-of-freedom lumped parameter models.
Closed-Form Solution For Second Stokes Generation In Raman Amplifiers

The efficiency of a first Stokes Raman amplifier may be seriously reduced by the generation of a second Stokes beam. The dominating process for this generation is often a Raman four-wave mixing interaction which couples the pump and second Stokes beams. A one-dimensional model for this effect has a closed-form solution, simply described in terms of an equivalent input, under conditions where high first Stokes conversion efficiency is possible. Excellent agreement with numerical integration results has been obtained.
Lobbying for Elementary Counselors: A Video Marketing Strategy

This article describes how state legislators were the target of a video marketing campaign aimed at increasing the funding for elementary counselors. How the video was developed, distributed, and used are discussed.
rf distribution system for a set of standing-wave accelerator structures

In this paper, we study the RF feeding system for a set of standing-wave accelerator structures. To avoid the initial reflections produced by the structures, sometimes these structures are fed in pairs through a four-port 3-dB Hybrid. We present an extension to this system for an arbitrary number of accelerator structures and show it is always possible to cancel the reflection back to the source. The necessary and sufficient condition for this to happen depends only on the spacing between accelerator structures. In this system, the structures are not fed in a binary hierarchal system, rather in series with a set of directional couplers designed to bleed off an equal amount of power to each accelerator structure in the set. We study the sensitivity of such a system to errors resulting from the differences in accelerator structures spacing. We also study the sensitivity of the system to component imperfections, such as the finite directivity of the directional couplers, and the residual reflections from the loads that are attached to these couplers. We also study the system under fault conditions, such as a breakdown in an accelerator structure or a feed waveguide.
Deoxyguanosine toxicity on lymphoid cells as a cause for immunosuppression in purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency

Abstract To delineate the pathogenesis of the immunodeficiency disease associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency, the effects of guanosine, inosine, deoxyguanosine and deoxyinosine on the growth of a mouse T cell lymphoma line in culture were studied. Of these four purine nucleosides, deoxyguanosine was the most toxic. At 5 x 10 −6 to 10 −5 M, deoxyguanosine inhibits growth of the lymphoma cells; higher concentrations result in complete killing. The cytotoxic effects of this deoxynucleoside can be prevented by simultaneous addition to culture medium of deoxycytidine and hypoxanthine. Determination of nucleotide pools in deoxyguanosine-treated cells shows a marked reduction of the deoxycytidine triphosphate and the adenine ribonucleotide pools, accompanied by a sharp rise in the guanosine deoxyribonucleotide and a smaller increase in the corresponding ribonucleotide pools. Deoxyguanosine as well as guanosine, inosine and deoxyinosine were known to accumulate to relatively high levels in the plasma of a patient with T cell immunodeficiency disease associated with purine nucleoside phosphorylase deficiency. The other three purine nucleosides are much less toxic than deoxyguanosine. Thus it is very probable that the patient's clinical manifestations of T lymphocytopenia are the consequence of deoxyguanosine inhibition of lymphoid cell proliferation, resulting from depletion of deoxycytidine triphosphate and adenine nucleotides.
Two-Dimensional Silicon Vidicon Astronomical Photometer

We have developed and successfully used an integrating two-dimensional silicon diode array vidicon photometer which is exceptionally well suited for use with telescopes. The video signal is read out from the 1-cm silicon target of the vidicon through a current mode preamplifier and then converted to digital form and stored on magnetic tape. The 256 × 256 element frames are recorded at 20,000 eight-bit words/sec. The vidicon tube has a published quantum efficiency ranging from 85% at 0.5 µ to 6% at 1.1 µ and must be cooled to about -65°C to eliminate thermal dark current. The minimum detectable signal in the present system is about 1000 carriers per resolution element, limited by preamplifier and other system noise. The system is used as a single-frame camera. The large dynamic range (>10^3), linear response, high quantum efficiency over a large spectral region, and low cost of the system make it well suited for digital direct image and spectroscopy as well as for a laboratory digitizer of two-dimensional material.
Introduction—The Socially Sustainable Egg Production project

The social and political pressure to change egg production from conventional cage systems to alternative systems has been largely driven by the desire to provide more behavioral freedom for egg-laying hens. However, a change of this magnitude can affect other components of the production system and may result in unintended outcomes. To understand this issue, a Socially Sustainable Egg Production project was formed to 1) conduct a holistic and integrated systematic review of the current state of knowledge about various aspects of sustainable egg production, and 2) develop a coordinated grant proposal for future extramural funding based on the research priorities identified from the review. Expert study groups were formed to write evidence-based papers in 5 critical sustainability areas: hen health and welfare, economics, food safety and quality, public attitudes, and environmental impacts. These papers were presented as the PSA Emerging Issues Symposium on Social Sustainability of Egg Production at the 2010 Poultry Science Association meeting.
Exploring the Limits of Port Reduction in Centralized Register Files

Register file access falls on the critical path of a microprocessor because large heavily ported register files are used to exploit more parallelism. In this paper, we focus on reducing register file complexity by reducing the number of register file read ports. The goal of this paper is to explore the limits of read port reduction in a centralized integer register file i.e. how few read ports can be provided to a centralized integer register file, while still maintaining performance? A naive port reduction may result in significant performance degradation and does not give a true measure of the limits, while clever techniques may be able to further reduce the number of ports. Hence, in this paper, we drastically reduce the number of ports and then investigate techniques to improve the performance of the reduced-ported register file. Our experiments show that the techniques allow further port reduction by improving the performance from reduced-ported RFs. For instance, with our experimental parameters, the naive port reduction method requires at least five read ports to maintain a performance impact of less than 5%, whereas, our techniques require only three ports.
Metabolic evidence of inadequate coronary blood flow during closed-chest resuscitation in dogs*

Closed-chest cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) produces only small pressure differences across the coronary circulation and relatively little coronary blood flow in dogs with ventricular fibrillation. To determine whether coronary flow during experimental resuscitation is sufficient to maintain aerobic myocardial metabolism, we measured left ventricular adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and lactate concentrations before and immediately after a 20 min period of CPR in six fibrillating dogs. The mean aortic-right atrial pressure difference generated during CPR averaged 5.4 +/- 2.6 mmHg (SEM) and 3.2 +/- 2.6 mmHg at the beginning and end of the 20 min period, respectively. Left ventricular myocardial blood flow (measured with radioactive microspheres) averaged 16.7 +/- 5.7% of prearrest values during the first 10 min of CPR, and 8.5 +/- 4.8% of prearrest values during the second 10 min of CPR. Biopsies after CPR contained less ATP (3.3 +/- 0.1 vs 4.7 +/- 0.5 nmol.mg-1, p less than 0.05) and more than seven times more lactate (14.7 +/- 3.1 vs 1.9 +/- 0.2 nmol.mg-1, p less than 0.01) than control biopsies. We conclude that coronary blood flow during CPR is inadequate relative to myocardial oxygen demands during ventricular fibrillation in dogs. The techniques developed in this study provide a potential means of assessing the effects of experimental interventions on myocardial oxygenation during CPR.