cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
European public real estate market integration

This study examines dynamic linkages among nine European public real estate markets, with particular attention to the impact of the recent establishment of the European Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). Forecast error variance decomposition results show that the real estate markets of larger EMU economies (Germany, France, Netherlands) became more integrated with other European markets after the establishment of the EMU in 1999. By contrast, increased real estate market integration is not found for some smaller EMU economies (Belgium and Spain). Also, the real estate markets of non-EMU economies (United Kingdom, Switzerland, and Denmark) exhibited either little change or less integration. The EMU has been beneficial in terms of increasing real estate market integration among EMU member countries with more advanced industrial structures.
Dialectical Tensions and Rhetorical Tropes in Negotiations

This article reviews and critiques traditional approaches to the study of discourse in negotiations. Then, drawing from an ethnographic study, it contrasts different ways in which discourse either constrains disputants or enables them to transform issues and the very nature of their disputes. Through an analysis of two rhetorical tropes used in the discourse, it examines the way in which bargainers enact tacit norms, use bargaining formulas, and define the nature of their interdependence. The article then draws from the textual analysis of negotiation to contrast different ways that meanings and organizational understandings are produced and reproduced through social interaction.
Vocabulary intervention for school-age children with language impairment: A review of evidence and good practice

The purpose of this article is to provide evidence to support direct vocabulary intervention practices for primary school-age children with language impairment (LI). A rationale for providing direc...
Comparison of models describing the thermal lens effect

A model for the thermal lens which approximates the refractive shape as a parabola is compared with a model which accounts for the aberrant nature of the lens; both models are tested against experimental results. The comparison suggests how the inaccuracies of the parabolic lens model may be corrected while retaining its mathematical simplicity and better predictive power for stronger thermal lenses.
Supply Response under Risk: Implications for Counter-Cyclical Payments' Production Impact

This study investigates the role of risk in farmers' acreage decisions for major field crops in the North Central region by revisiting an earlier study by Chavas and Holt. The empirical model is forward-looking and reflects better variable measurement. We test the effects of wealth and revenue risk on supply response. Estimated results are also used to examine the production impact of counter-cyclical payments (CCPs). We find that the effects of risk on supply response are not strong. An increase in initial wealth would lead to greater crop acreage, consistent with decreasing absolute risk aversion. The effect of CCPs on production appears to be negligible. T he 2002 Farm Act offers producers income support and revenue risk reduction through counter-cyclical payments (CCPs). These payments are made available to producers of covered commodities whenever the effective price--the sum of the direct payment rate and the national average farm price or loan rate (whichever is higher)-is less than the target price.' CCPs received by producers do not depend on current commodity production, but on historical base acreage and payment yields. CCPs protect producers from down-side price risk and so might have an impact on their production decisions. The potential for CCPs to cause production and trade distortions due to wealth and risk reduction effects has been noted in the ongoing agricultural trade policy debate. A seminal study by Chavas and Holt has been cited as the primary evidence of potential production and trade distortions caused by decoupled payments (such as direct payments) and partially decoupled payments (such as CCPs). The Chavas and Holt study shows that wealth and price risk have statistically significant effects on U.S. corn and soybean acreage decisions, but the impacts are small. However, the study is outdated because data used in the empirical model extend only through the mid 1980s. Since then, the policy environment has evolved away from supply controls and toward greater planting flexibility.
Face recognition: evaluation report for FaceIt identification and surveillance

The commercial face recognition software FaceIt® Identification and Surveillance was evaluated using the Facial Recognition Technology (FERET) database. The experimental results show the performance of FaceIt® with variations in illumination, expression, age, head size, pose, and the size of the database which all remain difficult problems in face recognition technology.
Cache implications of aggressively pipelined high performance microprocessors

One of the major design decisions when developing a new microprocessor is determining the target pipeline depth and clock rate since both factors interact closely with one another. The optimal pipeline depth of a processor has been studied before, but the impact of the memory system on pipeline performance has received less attention. This study analyzes the affect of different level-1 cache designs across a range of pipeline depths to determine what role the memory system design plays in choosing a clock rate and pipeline depth for a microprocessor. The pipeline depths studied here range from those found in current processors to those predicted for future processors. For each pipeline depth a variety of level-1 cache sizes are simulated to explore the relationship between clock rate, pipeline depth, cache size and access latency. Results show that the larger caches afforded by shorter pipelines with slower clocks outperform longer pipelines with smaller caches and higher clock rates.
MMPI-2 Symptom Validity (FBS) Scale: Psychometric Characteristics and Limitations in a Veterans Affairs Neuropsychological Setting

The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-2 (MMPI-2) Symptom Validity (Fake Bad Scale [FBS]) Scale is widely used to assist in determining noncredible symptom reporting, despite a paucity of detailed research regarding its itemmetric characteristics. Originally designed for use in civil litigation, the FBS is often used in a variety of clinical settings. The present study explored its fundamental psychometric characteristics in a sample of 303 patients who were consecutively referred for a comprehensive examination in a Veterans Affairs (VA) neuropsychology clinic. FBS internal consistency (reliability) was .77. Its underlying factor structure consisted of three unitary dimensions (Tiredness/Distractibility, Stomach/Head Discomfort, and Claimed Virtue of Self/Others) accounting for 28.5% of the total variance. The FBS's internal structure showed factoral discordance, as Claimed Virtue was negatively related to most of the FBS and to its somatic complaint components. Scores on this 12-item FBS compon...
Acetylcholine in AD: Expectations meet reality

The neuropharmacological consequences of finding evidence for deficient acetylcholine neurotransmission in AD have been complex. The initial optimism for a quick cure from choline or lecithin precursor administration, inspired by the success of levodopa in Parkinson’s disease, quickly faded when put to the test. Nonetheless, the cholinergic hypothesis of memory dysfunction in AD was valid, and eventually it led to the introduction of AChEI drugs to increase acetylcholine transmission. Drugs of this class are the mainstays of current treatment for AD, even though their effects are generally modest. In the search for improved symptomatic and possibly neuroprotective treatments, acetylcholine may have an unexpected role. The observation that M1 and M3 receptor stimulation with cholinergic drugs drives APP processing into the α-secretase pathway adds a modern coda to the acetylcholine-AD story that is still unfinished.
Impurity resistance in ferromagnetic metals

Abstract We studied the electrical resistivity of the ferromagnetic metal due to nonmagnetic impurities by considering the different densities of states at the Fermi surface and the different screened potentials for ± spin electrons. Contrary to Nieminen's result which shows that the electrical resistivity decreases when the magnetization increases, we find that the electric resistivity increases monotonically with increasing magnetization. We also do not find the resistivity minimum predicted by Kim and Schwartz.
Cardiovascular disease: the female heart is vulnerable: a call to action from the 10Q report.

February was Heart Month. Clinical Cardiology has embraced the opportunity to share with clinicians and scientists the major adverse impact of cardiovascular disease in women, identifying actionable items derived from recent research studies and highlighting gaps in our knowledge that require investigation. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. The invited expert clinician/scientists in this issue of Clinical Cardiology, Drs. Noel Bairey Merz, Pamela Ouyang, Leslee Shaw, and Nanette Wenger, are members of the Society for Women's Health Research, Interdisciplinary Studies In Sex-differences (ISIS) Network on Cardiovascular Disease. The author has no funding, financial relationships, or conflicts of interest to disclose.
An evaluation of risk factors for mortality after burn trauma and the identification of gender-dependent differences in outcomes.

Abstract BACKGROUND: The primary objective of this study was to determine an objective method for estimating the risk of mortality after burn trauma, and secondarily, to evaluate the relationship between gender and mortality, in the setting of a quantifiable inflammatory stimulus. Previously reported estimates of mortality risk after burn trauma may no longer be applicable, given the overall reduction in case-fatality rates after burn trauma. We expect that future advances in burn trauma research will require careful and ongoing quantification of mortality risk factors to measure the importance of newly identified factors and to determine the impact of new therapies. Conflicting clinical reports regarding the impact of gender on survival after sepsis and critical illness may in part, be from different study designs, patient samples, or failure to adequately control for additional factors contributing to the development of sepsis and mortality. STUDY DESIGN: Data from the prospectively maintained burn registry for patients admitted to the Parkland Memorial Hospital burn unit between January 1, 1989 and December 31, 1998 were analyzed. Logistic regression was used to generate estimates of the probability of death in half of the study sample, and this model was validated on the second half of the sample. Risk factors evaluated for their relationship with mortality were: age, inhalation injury, burn size, body mass (weight), preexisting medical conditions, nonburn injuries, and gender. RESULTS: Of 4,927 patients, 5.3% died. The best model for estimating mortality included the percent of total body surface area burned; the percent of full-thickness burn size; the presence of an inhalation injury; age categories of: CONCLUSIONS: We have provided a detailed method for estimating the risk of mortality after burn trauma, based on a large, contemporary cohort of patients. These estimates were validated on a second sample and proved to predict mortality accurately. We have identified an increased mortality risk in women of 30 to 59 years of age.
The complex transcriptional landscape of the anucleate human platelet

Human blood platelets are essential to maintaining normal hemostasis, and platelet dysfunction often causes bleeding or thrombosis. Estimates of genome-wide platelet RNA expression using microarrays have provided insights to the platelet transcriptome but were limited by the number of known transcripts. The goal of this effort was to deep-sequence RNA from leukocyte-depleted platelets to capture the complex profile of all expressed transcripts. From each of four healthy individuals we generated long RNA (≥40 nucleotides) profiles from total and ribosomal-RNA depleted RNA preparations, as well as short RNA (<40 nucleotides) profiles. Analysis of ~1 billion reads revealed that coding and non-coding platelet transcripts span a very wide dynamic range (≥16 PCR cycles beyond β-actin), a result we validated through qRT-PCR on many dozens of platelet messenger RNAs. Surprisingly, ribosomal-RNA depletion significantly and adversely affected estimates of the relative abundance of transcripts. Of the known protein-coding loci, ~9,500 are present in human platelets. We observed a strong correlation between mRNAs identified by RNA-seq and microarray for well-expressed mRNAs, but RNASeq identified many more transcripts of lower abundance and permitted discovery of novel transcripts. Our analyses revealed diverse classes of non-coding RNAs, including: pervasive antisense transcripts to protein-coding loci; numerous, previously unreported and abundant microRNAs; retrotransposons; and thousands of novel un-annotated long and short intronic transcripts, an intriguing finding considering the anucleate nature of platelets. The data are available through a local mirror of the UCSC genome browser and can be accessed at: http://cm.jefferson.edu/platelets_2012/ .
Brain energetics in oxygen-induced convulsions.

Mice were exposed to 6 ATA of 100% oxygen. The effect of high oxygen pressure (OHP), disulphiram and both disulphiram and oxygen as a function of the length of oxygen exposure on cerebral cortical ATP, phosphocreatine, lactate, pyruvate and glucose was determined. Neither OHP nor disulphiram altered ATP prior to the onset of convulsions. The combination of OHP and disulphiram appeared to elevate cerebral ATP, particularly during the early exposure period. OHP had no effect on phosphocreatine, however, disulphiram, both alone and in combination with OHP increased cerebral cortical phosphocreatine. ATP and phosphocreatine were unchanged in mice sacrificed either at the onset or 9 s after the onset of oxygen convulsions. Lactate and pyruvate increased as the length of time the mice were exposed to OHP increased although neither lactate nor pyruvate levels differed significantly from control levels at either the onset or 9 s after the onset of convulsions. Disulphiram by itself lowered cerebral lactate, and prevented the increase in lactate and pyruvate in mice exposed to OHP. OHP and disulphiram increased cerebral glucose with the combination of both OHP and disulphiram appearing to have an additive effect. Glucose also remained elevated at the onset or 9 s after the onset of oxygen convulsions.
Ulcers, nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs, and related matters.

This overview is intended to provide perspectives drawn from the proceedings of the Ulcer-Epidemiology Symposium reported in this supplement. This meeting was designed to review the epidemiology and risk factors underlying the development of acid/peptic diseases and to highlight the natural history and therapy of these disorders. These topics served as a focus for the meeting. A second goal was to consider the topics in the context of ulcer complications resulting from use of nonsteroidgl antiinflammatory drugs. Although nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are well known to cause gastric damage and ulcers and to lead to complications of preexisting peptic ulcers, the frequency and severity of the clinical problems resulting from their use and the efficacy of different modalities for prevention and treatment have only recently begun to be the subjects of careful analysis.
The Drosophila E74 gene is required for metamorphosis and plays a role in the polytene chromosome puffing response to ecdysone

The steroid hormone ecdysone initiates Drosophila metamorphosis by reprogramming gene expression during late larval and prepupal development. The ecdysone-inducible gene E74, a member of the ets proto-oncogene family, has been proposed to play a key role in this process. E74 is encoded within the 74EF early puff and consists of two overlapping transcription units, E74A and E74B. To assess the function(s) of E74 during metamorphosis, we have isolated and characterized recessive loss-of-function mutations specific to each transcription unit. We find that mutations in E74A and E74B are predominantly lethal during prepupal and pupal development, consistent with a critical role for their gene products in metamorphosis. Phenotypic analysis reveals that E74 function is required for both pupariation and pupation, and for the metamorphosis of both larval and imaginal tissues. E74B mutants are defective in puparium formation and head eversion and die as prepupae or cryptocephalic pupae, while E74A mutants pupariate normally and die either as prepupae or pharate adults. We have also investigated the effects of the E74 mutations on gene expression by examining the puffing pattern of the salivary gland polytene chromosomes in newly formed mutant prepupae. Most puffs are only modestly affected by the E74B mutation, whereas a subset of late puffs are sub-maximally induced in E74A mutant prepupae. These observations are consistent with Ashburner’s proposal that early puff proteins induce the formation of late puffs, and define E74A as a regulator of late puff activity. They also demonstrate that E74 plays a wide role in reshaping the insect during metamorphosis, affecting tissues other than the salivary gland in which it was originally identified. SUMMARY
Menstruation after high spinal cord transection.

Abstract In a group of patients of reproductive age with nervous system disease, 7 with high spinal cord transections uniformly manifested amrnorrhea and a hypogonadotropic state for varying lengths of time after the injury. In contrast, the findings in another 8 patients with different nervous system lesions were variable. Although the numbers are small, the findin gs suggest that high cord lesions might influence gonadotropic patterns specifically by location rather than by the generalized effects produced by transection.
Broadening the sub-Standard-Quantum-Limit region in quantum noise limited sensitivity for gravitational wave detectors

We present schemes for gravitational wave detectors that incorporate anomalous dispersion in signal recycling, exhibiting a broad region below the standard quantum limit in the quantum noise limited sensitivity curves, which corresponds to opto-mechanical resonance.
Framing the Danger of Designer Drugs Mass Media, Bath Salts, and the “Miami Zombie Attack”

Media reporting of drug issues has important ramifications for public opinion of drugs and drug trends. This study was conducted to examine the media coverage of a specific new subcategory of drugs...
An Imperative Redefinition of 'Community': Incorporating Reentry Lawyers to Increase the Efficacy of Community Economic Development Initiatives

Life without economic subordination is recognized around the world as a fundamental human right. When individuals are economically impoverished, they are more likely to not only offend, but also repeatedly offend, because poverty compounded with the imposed civil disabilities of a criminal conviction further socially isolate and minimize their life options. This factual inference is not only illustrated through the experiences of my family members, but is also supported by empirical data and theoretical scholarship. Because of this correlation between poverty and criminal offenses, one reason to advocate for alleviating economic subordination is to decrease criminal activity. Practitioners of community economic development (CED) and reentry lawyers are two dynamic groups of individuals who are working within predominantly inner-city communities of color to increase economic and social opportunities. This Comment argues that CED practitioners and reentry lawyers should collaborate to achieve healthy communities and neighborhoods. The reciprocal benefits that result from this collaboration make it imperative that reentry lawyers are active participants to improve the efficacy of CED initiatives.
Assumption of Risk in Sport

Abstract For many years, the doctrine of assumption of risk was broadly applied to participation in sport and recreation activities with the result that few, if any, courts imposed liability on aparticipant for injuries inflicted upon another. Courts did not want to “chill the vigor of athletic competition” and found it difficult to determine whether injuries were intentional. However, recent trends showing increased skill and strength of participants and increased violence in sports participation have resulted in the courts extending “some of the restraints of civilization” to athletic and recreational participation. Today the majority view is that participants in an athletic event owe a duty to other participants to refrain from reckless misconduct and liability may result from injuries caused a player by reason of the breach of that duty.
Examining ubiquitinated peptide enrichment efficiency through an epitope labeled protein.

Ubiquitination is a dynamic process that is responsible for regulation of cellular responses to stimuli in a number of biological systems. Previous efforts to study this post-translational modification have focused on protein enrichment; however, recent research utilizes the presence of the di-glycine (Gly-Gly) remnants following trypsin digestion to immuno-enrich ubiquitinated peptides. Monoclonal antibodies developed to the cleaved ubiquitin modification epitope, (tert-butoxycarbonyl) glycylglycine (Boc-Gly-Gly-NHS)(1), are used to identify the Gly-Gly signature. Here, we have successfully generated the Boc-Gly-Gly-NHS modification and showed that when conjugated to a lysine containing protein, such as lysozyme, it can be applied as a standard protein to examine ubiquitinated peptide enrichment within a complex background.
The Impact of Violence Interruption on the Diffusion of Violence: A Mathematical Modeling Approach

Public health approaches to interrupting infectious disease transmission have yet to be informed by traditional deterministic models of contagion. We investigate this gap in current violence prevention research by introducing a Susceptible–Transmitter–Victim Epidemic model, based on the classic Susceptible–Infectious–Recovered differential equation model, to explore the impact of violence interruption on the diffusion of violence. Uncertainty and sensitivity analysis are done using Latin hypercube sampling. Based on sensitivity analysis results, model predictions appear to be overestimating annual gun assault cases, where the mean estimate of the gun assault rate at equilibrium is double the average gun assault rate over the past decade. Several key parameters are identified as significant to gun assault predictions and may account for model imprecision. Scenario analysis is also done to determine the effectiveness of violence interruption programs. Results suggest that targeting all potential violence transmitters can reduce gun violence three times more than an intervention that only targets gun-owning individuals, indicating the importance of taking a holistic approach to violence interruption and prevention. Our results also suggest that having individuals in the population transmitting violence, whether or not they are participating in gun violence, is sufficient to sustain a gun violence epidemic.
Aging and performance of BaBar RPCs

For the past five years the BaBar detector has operated over 200 resistive plate chambers(RPCs) in the forward endcap. Instalfed as part of an 2002 upgrade of the forward muon detection system these 2nd generation RPCs share many construction details with the LHC RPCs. The streamer rates produced by backgrounds and signals from normal BaBar running vary considerably (0.1->20 Hz/cm2) depending on the layer and position of the chambers within the endcap, providing a broad spectrum test of RPC performance and aging. The lowest rate chambers have performed well with efficiencies averaging 95%, but show significant increases in noise rate and HV current. Rate-dependant inefficiencies due to Bakelite drying were reversed by the introduction of humidified gases for the last two years of operation. RPC inefficiencies in the highest rate regions did not improve with humidified gas. 24 of these RPCs were converted to avalanche mode operation and display significantly improved efficiencies.
Biochemical Studies of Articular Cartilage

By means of histochemical procedures the characterization of the compartments of articular cartilage, the distribution of water, electrolytes, connective tissue, and chondroitin sulphage in these compartments during immobilization atrophy have been described. The results obtained support the following conclusions concerning the cartilage during immobilization of an extremity: 1. The total water content increased as the result of an increase in the ultrafiltrate volume in the extracellular compartment. 2. The amounts of both the connective tissue and the chondroitin sulphate in fresh cartilage decreased but these percentage decreases were not so large as when 100 grams of cartilage solids were considered, suggesting that the low values of these two constituents were the result of dilution of the extracellular compartment with the increased ultrafiltrate volume. 3. The ΔNa values (total determined sodium minus the sodium in the extracellular phase) were low paralleling the low chondroitin sulphate values and thus giving further support to the conclusion that the low chondroitin sulphate values were the result of dilution. 4. In the intracellular compartment of the chondrocytes, the percentage of intracellular water did not change; nor was there any change in the concentration of potassium which is the cation present in the chondrocyte indicating that the functioning cytoplasm of the chondrocytes had not altered during immobilization atrophy. 5. Considering the two types of experimental atrophy in cartilage from denervation reported previously and disuse reported here, our chemical data and their interpretations have afforded a basis for some deductions on when atrophy is reversible, as in disuse, and when it is not reversible, as in atrophy following denervation.
Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles for the collection and direct measurement of adsorbed alpha-emitting radionuclides from environmental waters by liquid scintillation analysis

Radioactive contamination, be it from accidental or intentional release, can create an urgent need to assess water and food supplies and the environment, and monitor human health. In the event of such an emergency, rapid and efficient methods may be needed to assess contamination levels in scores of samples within a short time frame. Internalized exposure to radionuclides that decay by alpha (α) emission can be especially hazardous, given the strongly ionizing nature of the α particle. Unfortunately, the determination of α-emitting radionuclides using traditional radioanalytical methods is typically labor and resource intensive and time consuming. In an effort to devise methods that are fast, require little labor and laboratory expendables, and minimize the use of toxic or corrosive reagents, researchers at PNNL have evaluated superparamagnetic nanoparticles as extracting agents for α-emitting radionuclides from chemically unmodified and acidified (pH 2) aqueous systems. It is demonstrated that bare magnetite nanoparticles exhibit strong affinity for two representative α-emitting radionuclides (241Am and 210Po) from two representative aqueous matrices (river and ground water). Furthermore, use of the superparamagnetic properties of these nanomaterials to concentrate the analyte-bearing solids from the bulk aqueous solution has been demonstrated. The nanoparticle concentrate can be either directly dispensed into a scintillation cocktail, or first dissolved and then added to a scintillation cocktail as a solution for an α-emission assay by liquid scintillation analysis. Despite the severe quenching caused by the metal oxide suspensions in the cocktail, the authors have demonstrated that modern liquid scintillation analyzers can report accurate α activity count rates; the upper limits of nanoparticle suspension concentrations in a cocktail are reported for cases wherein normal instrument count mode and a quench correction protocol are used. Discussions are provided on the presented sample processing and analysis method, the improvement (lowering) of minimum detectable activity concentrations using the nanoparticle-based assay method, and the quenching effects of nanoparticle suspensions in a scintillation cocktail.
Single-Layer Graphene Membranes Withstand Ultrahigh Applied Pressure

High mechanical strength is essential for pressure-driven membrane separations with nanoporous single-layer graphene, but its ability to withstand high pressures remains to be demonstrated. We monitored failure of centimeter-scale single-layer graphene membranes on porous supports subjected to high pressures. Consistent with theory, the membranes were found to withstand higher pressures when placed on porous supports with smaller pore diameters, but failure occurred over a surprisingly broad range of pressures, attributed to heterogeneous susceptibility to failure at wrinkles, defects, and slack in the suspended graphene. Remarkably, nonwrinkled areas withstood pressure exceeding 100 bar at which many kinds of membrane suffer from compaction. Our study shows that single-layer graphene membranes can sustain ultrahigh pressure especially if the effect of wrinkles is isolated using supports with small pores and suggests the potential for the use of single-layer graphene in high-pressure membrane separations.
Visual Presentation Style 2: Influences on Perceptions of Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton Based on Visual Presentation Style During the Third 2016 Presidential Debate:

A field experiment was conducted to analyze the third and final 2016 presidential debate. Randomly assigned participants watched the debate in the format of mainly solo camera shots that alternate ...
Compartmentation to Lipid Rafts as a Mechanism to Regulate β-adrenergic Receptor Signaling in Cardiomyocytes

The traditional notion that cardiomyocyte β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors signal in an identical fashion to adenylyl cyclase and the accumulation of cAMP has been challenged by recent studies demonstrating that: (1)β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors promote a marked increase in cAMP accumulation and exert positive inotropic/lusitropic responses in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes; β1-adrenergic receptors increase cAMP in adult rat cardiomyocytes, but β2-adrenergic receptors increase twitch amplitude, without inducing a detectable elevation of intracellular cAMP or accelerating the kinetics of relaxation, in adult rat cardiomyocytes. (2) In neonatal rat cardiomyocytes (where both β1- and β2-adrenergic receptors increase cAMP accumulation), the β1-adrenergic receptor pathway is highly sensitive to inhibitory modulation by muscarinic cholinergic agonists, whereas the β2-adrenergic receptor-dependent increase in cAMP accumulation is not. (33) Overexpression of type VI adenylyl cyclase in neonatal rat cardiomyocytes leads to a selective increase in β-adrenergic receptor-dependent signaling to cAMP formation, without changing cAMP accumulation by agonists of prostenoid, adenosine, glucagon, or histamine receptors. This type of specificity for β-adrenergic receptor subtype signaling cannot be explained by traditional concepts that focus on high-affinity protein-protein interactions between receptors, G proteins, and effectors (freely mobile in the plasma membrane) as the prime determinants of signaling specificity. This chapter summarizes recent studies that identify spatial localization to membrane subdomains (caveolae/lipid rafts) as a mechanism to calibrate β-adrenergic receptor signaling in cardiomyocytes. This mechanism might be pertinent to the pathogenesis of heart failure, where β-adrenergic receptor signaling is augmented.
Copeland Corporation: Manufacturing in China (Abridged)

This case describes the start-up of a new manufacturing facility in China that serves the China market, previously served by a field sales force and imported products. Its plant, which incorporates state-of-art manufacturing technology, attains world-class status in manufacturing shortly after start-up, but increased competition and sales stagnation in the China market offer new challenges. This case is designed for courses in operations stategy or international business and can be used to illustrate issues associated with plant start-ups in China and issues related to marketing and manufacturing interaction. Excerpt UVA-OM-1311 Rev. Jan. 15, 2014 Copeland Corporation: MANUFACTURING IN CHINA (ABridged) As Steve Stewart left the Asia headquarters of Emerson's Copeland division for the annual strategy meeting, he went over his notes on the service factory concept once more. In just a few minutes, he would be making a presentation on how the new Suzhou, China, factory could be used as a “competitive weapon,” but he realized that he faced organizational skepticism and even some opposition. Like any other new initiative, adopting the service factory concept would require organizational changes that threatened other departments, especially the sales team, and Stewart was not sure how to overcome those barriers. Stewart, currently the vice president and general manager of Asia operations, had been developing the service factory concept as a manufacturing response to the changing nature of competition in Asia. Opened in June 2000, the Suzhou plant was under tremendous pressure to offer lower prices and faster delivery. Copeland was also finding itself in direct competition with several Japanese compressor manufacturers with good manufacturing processes, high quality, short lead times, and good costs. In order to keep Copeland competitive in a strategically important region, the company had to go beyond these “tickets-to-play,” and “take a total value stream approach to eliminate non-value-added activities from the value stream,” and offer true manufacturing partnerships and consulting services. The ability of the Suzhou plant to compete as a service factory was based on three interrelated elements. First and foremost was the successful ramp-up of the factory. Using a combination of tried-and-true manufacturing processes outlined in Copeland's Plant Technology Franchise, Stewart and Eddie Turrentine, the general manager of the Suzhou plant, had already turned the first Copeland factory in China into a world-class manufacturing plant. In less than one year from the plant's opening in June 2000, Suzhou had achieved the highest quality ratings of any Copeland plant in the world and had successfully passed Copeland's exacting plant audit procedures. . . .
STATE-OF-THE-ART OF SOLAR THERMAL INDUSTRIAL PROCESS HEAT TECHNOLOGIES FOR USE IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES

ABSTRACT Industrial process heat is defined as thermal energy used directly in the preparation or treatment of materials used to produce manufactured goods. In developing countries, the industrial sector is responsible for 30 to 65 percent of total national energy consumption. Commercially available solar systems have the potential to provide a large fraction of the energy consumed by industry. Industrial process heat needs can be categorized as follows: preheat for boiler feedwater, hot water for various processes, hot air for drying, steam production, and direct heating. It is possible to design solar energy systems capable of providing heat energy for each of these needs. However, near-term solar process heat technologies will probably be utilized to meet the major heating needs, classified by output: hot water (feedwater preheat or process water), hot air, and low pressure steam.
Issues in Early Diagnosis and Intervention with Young Children with Autism

In the past few years, the reported incidence of autism has increased at a remarkably high rate across the world. There are at least two reasons for this: broader boundaries of the definition, including high functioning persons with autism (and Asperger’s syndrome) and the diagnosis of very young children (Filipek et al., 1999; Stone et al., 1999). These two trends have increased the numbers from the historical 4–5 per 10,000 to as high as 1 per 200 (depending on how loosely the criteria are applied). This dramatic explosion in the number of diagnoses may be attributable to more knowledge of the parameters, better trained clinicians, a broader definition of the condition, an actual increase in affected cases, and possibly false-positives diagnoses. Nonetheless, the practical reality is that this disorder and its variants have shifted from a low-incidence problem to a significant diagnostic and treatment challenge to the wide professional community. This rise is especially noted in the area of early intervention, which has become both a fertile ground for the development of innovative and effective techniques (Dawson & Osterling, 1997; Harris & Handleman, 1994; Hurth, Shaw, Izeman, Whaley, & Rogers, 1999) and a battleground for controversial claims and disputes (Gresham & MacMillan, 1998; see Schopler, Chapter 2, this volume). Although it is not exactly clear what differentiates effective from ineffective early intervention, there is little doubt that providing education and treatment to very young children can have a very positive effect on their future development and prognosis (Rogers, 1996). There is consensus that early intervention should target those areas of weakness (social, communicative, cognitive) that form the constellation of characteristics of autism (Dawson & Osterling, 1997). It appears equally true that although there are many programs and approaches that report good outcomes, no comparative studies exist, so that at this stage in our knowledge it would be premature and unwise to consider any one method a treatment
Rheumatologic Disorders and Maxillofacial Surgery

Rheumatologic illnesses encompass a wide variety of conditions that because of systemic inflammation may affect many different organ systems. Chronic inflammation associated with most rheumatologic conditions increases the risk for cardiovascular events, but patients may be asymptomatic. Furthermore, several diseases increase risk for chronic lung diseases, e.g., pulmonary fibrosis and/or pulmonary hypertension. There is a risk of perioperative flares of the underlying disease, especially with crystal-induced conditions such as gout and pseudogout. Anesthesia may be complicated not only by the presence of underlying cardiopulmonary disease but also by cervical spine involvement, particularly in rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis and airway involvement. Use of immunosuppressive medications may increase the risk of perioperative infections, but without them the primary condition could flare which could also result in postoperative complications. Oftentimes, the management of patients with rheumatic diseases requires a multidisciplinary approach.
Using CALIOP to constrain blowing snow emissions of sea salt aerosols over Arctic and Antarctic sea ice

Abstract. Sea salt aerosols (SSA) produced on sea ice surfaces by blowing snow events or the lifting of frost flower crystals have been suggested as important sources of SSA during winter over polar regions. The magnitude and relative contribution of blowing snow and frost flower SSA sources, however, remain uncertain. In this study, we use 2007–2009 aerosol extinction coefficients from the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar with Orthogonal Polarization (CALIOP) instrument onboard the Cloud-Aerosol Lidar and Infrared Pathfinder Satellite Observation (CALIPSO) satellite and the GEOS-Chem global chemical transport model to constrain sources of SSA over Arctic and Antarctic sea ice. CALIOP retrievals show elevated levels of aerosol extinction coefficients (10–20 Mm −1 ) in the lower troposphere (0–2 km) over polar regions during cold months. The standard GEOS-Chem model underestimates the CALIOP extinction coefficients by 50 %–70 %. Adding frost flower emissions of SSA fails to explain the CALIOP observations. With blowing snow SSA emissions, the model captures the overall spatial and seasonal variation of CALIOP aerosol extinction coefficients over the polar regions but underestimates aerosol extinction over Arctic sea ice in fall to early winter and overestimates winter-to-spring extinction over Antarctic sea ice. We infer the monthly surface snow salinity on first-year sea ice required to minimize the discrepancy between CALIOP extinction coefficients and the GEOS-Chem simulation. The empirically derived snow salinity shows a decreasing trend between fall and spring. The optimized blowing snow model with inferred snow salinities generally agrees with CALIOP extinction coefficients to within 10 % over sea ice but underestimates them over the regions where frost flowers are expected to have a large influence. Frost flowers could thus contribute indirectly to SSA production by increasing the local surface snow salinity and, therefore, the SSA production from blowing snow. We carry out a case study of an Arctic blowing snow SSA feature predicted by GEOS-Chem and sampled by CALIOP. Using back trajectories, we link this feature to a blowing snow event that occurred 2 days earlier over first-year sea ice and was also detected by CALIOP.
Performance of engineered streambeds for inducing hyporheic transient storage and attenuation of resazurin.

Several U.S. programs provide financial incentives for stream restoration to improve degraded water quality. These efforts prioritize hyporheic zone (HZ) restoration to enhance contaminant attenuation, but no stream restoration or stormwater best management practice (BMP) explicitly tailors hyporheic residence times to target specific contaminants of concern. Here we present the first physical demonstration of a new BMP called Biohydrochemical Enhancements for Streamwater Treatment (BEST). BEST are subsurface modules that use hydraulic conductivity modifications to drive hyporheic exchange and control residence times, combined with reactive geomedia to increase HZ reaction rates. Experiments were conducted in 15-m long outdoor flumes: one all-sand control, the other with BEST modules. Sodium chloride (conservative tracer) and resazurin (surrogate for a reactive pollutant) injections were conducted, with observations analyzed by stream transient storage models. Results demonstrated that BEST increased the effective HZ size and resazurin transformation both by ∼50% compared to the control. Numerical simulations of extended reach lengths showed that BEST could achieve 1-log removal of resazurin in 111 m, versus 172 m in the control, and 414 m and 683 m in two numerically simulated urban streams. These results emphasize the potential of BEST as a novel HZ BMP to improve streamwater quality.
Further Research Needed for Virtual Quality Assurance Experiential Site Visits

To the Editor : In Volume 82, Issue 4 of the Journal , authors Clarke, Schott and Arnold published a study of preceptor perceptions of an innovative way of performing site visits through virtual meetings.[1][1] The authors surveyed preceptors who received either a virtual or onsite visit on the “
Prediction of airway resistance in panel cave mines using a discrete and continuum model

Abstract The configuration of an airway (or production drift) in panel cave mines is different from the typical (straight) mine airway designs. The drawpoints are connected to the airway (cross-cuts), which allows airflow from the cave into the airway or air loss from the airway into the cave due to the ventilation approach and cave porosity. These affect airflow in the production drifts, but it is difficult to investigate these conditions from field or laboratory scaled studies. Therefore, this study develops discrete and continuum computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models to study the effects of the ventilation approach and cave porosity on the airway resistance. Our findings show that: with active undercut ventilation, a unique resistance model is required for the airway in panel cave mines; and an increase in cave porosity decreases the drift’s resistance. These findings provide essential tools for a panel cave ventilation design.
Article 9 of the UCC: Reconciling Fundamental Property Principles and Plain Language

Article 9 of the Uniform Commercial Code, which governs (i) the grant of a security interest in personal property to secure payment or performance of an obligation — a “true security interest” — and (ii) the sale of receivables, incorporates the primary property law principle of nemo dat quod non habet — one cannot transfer an interest in property that one does not have — and its corollary — a transferee can receive what the transferor has and no more. For good policy reasons, however, Article 9 also enacts the innovative exception to nemo dat, the Filing Priority Principle codified in the “first-to-file-or-perfect rule,” that permits a secured party who first files a financing statement to obtain a superior security interest over a secured party who first obtains a security interest and would otherwise prevail under nemo dat. For true security interests, the plain language of Article 9 effectuates the policies of nemo dat and the Filing Priority Principle. For the sale of receivables under Article 9, however, the plain language of Article 9 precludes application of the Filing Priority Principle to many buyers of receivables, and this result has led some scholars and practitioners to advocate the application of the Filing Priority Principle to these buyers by implication despite the plain language of the statute. This article analyzes the interplay in Article 9 among nemo dat, the Filing Priority Principle, and the important policy of respecting the plain language of a statute and argues that when the plain language of the statute protects the interests of buyers of receivables under nemo dat, the Filing Priority Principle should not be implied as a matter of policy to defeat those interests, but when the language of the statute is ambiguous, the Filing Priority Principle should be applied to further the policy reasons for this exception to nemo dat.