cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Case of Tinea Versicolor of the Eyelids

Tinea versicolor is a commonly encountered superficial fungal infection often presenting on the chest and back with hyperpigmented or hypopigmented scaly macules and patches. We report an unusual and rare presentation of tinea versicolor affecting only the eyelids.
Nonsquamous cell malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavities and paranasal sinuses

Background. Nonsquamous cell malignant tumors of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses are an uncommon and diverse group of neoplasms. Our goal was to define the relative frequency and distribution of these neoplasms, as well as treatment and outcome. Methods. This retrospective study analyzed 106 patients with nonsquamous cell malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses treated at our institution between 1966 and 1982. Results. Pathology included: salivary type carcinoma (33 patients); sarcoma (25 patients); melanoma (18 patients); esthesioneuroblastoma (11 patients); lymphoma (11 patients); and anaplastic cancer (9 patients). Most tumors arose in the nasal cavity (50%), followed by the antrum (39%), ethmoid sinus (9%), and frontal sinus (2%). Fifty-four percent of all patients were treated with surgery alone. Determinate 5-year and 10-year cure rates were: esthesioneuroblastoma, 70% and 50%; lymphoma, 45% and 30%; anaplastic, 33% and 25%; salivary, 31% and 18%; sarcoma, 25% and 21%; and melanoma, 19% and 0%. Conclusions. Overall survival for patients with non-squamous cell malignant neoplasms of the nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses is poor, particularly with follow-up extended to 10 years. Local recurrence is the major source of treatment failure. We were unable to demonstrate any survival advantage in the group of patients who received surgery and radiotherapy in combination
Bar-pattern technique for modulation transfer function measurement in portal imaging

The modulation transfer function (MTF) is a fundamental measure of spatial resolution of an imaging system, and can be measured by imaging a slit, edge or a bar-pattern. In portal imaging, the MTF has been measured using the slit and edge techniques, requiring very thick collimation to minimize the effect of megavoltage scatter and laborious alignment procedures. A simpler and quicker method for measuring MTF is presented: the bar-pattern. This method has been successfully used in diagnostic imaging. In portal imaging, this method is sensitive to the measurement of MTF(0) due to lateral scattering of megavoltage x-rays. A lack of a precise measurement of MTF(0) can lead to an over-estimation of MTF. The slit and bar-pattern techniques were studied using Monte Carlo simulations on a kinestatic charge detector (KCD), which uses a slot photon beam and a scanning high-pressure gas multi-ion chamber. The experimental condition for measuring MTF(0) was determined. MTF measurements using the slit and bar techniques, as well as those from Monte Carlo simulations, were subsequently observed to be in good agreement (i.e. one standard deviation of measurement). The bar-pattern method, being easier and simpler than the slit or edge techniques, provides a fast MTF measurement.
Correlates and economic outcomes of proton pump inhibitor use by routes in intensive care unit patients

Objectives were to evaluate correlates, and economic outcomes of proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use by route in the intensive care unit from an institutional-payer perspective. A 13-month retrospective study of electronic medical records was conducted of 534 adult (≥19 year-old) intensive care unit patients receiving a PPI (39% enteral-only, 34% parenteral-only, 27% both-route) in a Midwest USA academic medical center. Possible cost-savings with sensitivity analysis were estimated as differences in drug costs (US dollars) between switch eligible parenteral and alternate enteral-PPI medication doses. In multivariate logistic-regression of switch criteria (any oral-medication, orogastric-tube, nothing by oral route), significant correlate for enteral versus parenteral PPI-use was any oral-medication use but not orogastric-tube. Using enteral esomeprazole/lansoprazole instead of parenteral (esomeprazole/pantoprazole) PPI (in 37% i.e. 696 of 1895 switch-eligible doses) would have saved US$2384.17 or US$3564.86, ...
A cell kinetic study on medulloblastomas

The cell kinetics of medulloblastoma were studied to define characteristic proliferation for comparison with other neuroectodermal tumors. Four patients with cerebellar medulloblastoma received 3H-thymidine intravenously 1 to 2 days before surgery. Biopsy specimens from each tumor were processed for autoradiography. The respective average labeling indices were 14.4%, 14.1%, and 11.2% in the three mid-cerebellar medulloblastomas and 8.0% in the cerebellar hemispheric medulloblastoma. The mean survival time with various treatments including radiation therapy before or after the study in these four patients was 6 years (range, 3-9 years). In contrast, patients with malignant gliomas that had a labeling index greater than 5% died within 1 year. This difference in survival was attributed to the greater sensitivity of medulloblastoma to radiation therapy.
Evaluation of a Solid-Phase Extraction Membrane as a Surface-Enhanced Raman Substrate

A commercially available solid-phase extraction membrane was evaluated as a substrate suitable for routine analysis by surfaceenhanced Raman spectrometry (SERS). The material was silver coated in-house via chemical reduction. Because the material has chromatographic capabilities, the use of SERS as a detection method for thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was considered by separating, then detecting, a mixture of commonly used sulfonamides from the bare and coated material. While the mobilities of the sulfa drugs were not strongly affected by the silver, the SER response was weak and analyte degradation was apparent. Some signal improvement was gained by dampening the surface with water in a simple surface modification. General substrate performance in both dry and in the modified dampened states was evaluated by using the model, crystal violet. The resulting analytical curves were linear across 1-2.5 orders of magnitude with limits of detection in the subnanogram range (total analyte applied). Under routine preparation and analysis procedures, reproducibility was 30% , but improvement to 10% was possible when great care was used. Typical spectra for two compound series having a variety of functional groups were obtained and showed general trends for response dependence on functional group.
The World Social Situation: Development Challenges at the Outset of a New Century

World social development has arrived at a critical turning point. Economically advanced nations have made significant progress toward meeting the basic needs of their populations; however, the majority of developing countries have not. Problems of rapid population growth, failing economies, famine, environmental devastation, majority-minority group conflicts, increasing militarization, among others, are pushing many developing nations toward the brink of social chaos. This paper focuses on worldwide development trends for the 40-year period 1970–2009. Particular attention is given to the disparities in development that exist between the world’s “rich” and “poor” countries as well as the global forces that sustain these disparities. The paper also discusses more recent positive trends occurring within the world’s “socially least developed countries” (SLDCs), especially those located in Africa and Asia, in reducing poverty and in promoting improved quality of life for increasing numbers of their populations.
Immunological determinants of disease caused by respiratory syncytial virus

Various disease syndromes caused by respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) may have a common mechanism of pathogenesis mediated by cytokines produced by type 2 T helper cells. The nature of the immune response to RSV is determined by the pattern of cytokines produced sequentially by many different cell types. Vaccination can influence the types of cytokine produced by selectively activating T cell subpopulations and inducing an immune response that clears the virus with minimal immunopathology.
Assessment of aortic pressure‐volume relationships with an impedance catheter

Volume measurements obtained with an impedance catheter (impedance volume measurements) have been used previously in determining pressure-volume relationships in the right and left ventricles and in the right atrium. The purpose of the present study was to determine the utility of impedance volume techniques in the assessment of aortic pressure-volume relationships in animals and humans. Experiments to develop this methodology were first performed in ten anesthetized dogs, with simultaneous measurements of aortic pressure (micromanometer), diameter (ultrasonic crystals), and impedance volume. Transient (20 sec) inferior vena cava (IVC) occlusion and nitroprusside infusion resulted in a reproducible series of aortic pressure-volume and pressure-diameter points. In each case changes in impedance volume closely paralleled changes in diameter. From the wide range of pressure-volume points, it was possible to construct pressure-volume plots for a single cardiac cycle, as well as longer loops over a 20–40 mm Hg pressure range. End-systolic and end-diastolic pressure-volume points could subsequently be identified, which outlined a more precise pressure-volume relationship that was linear in six cases and curvilinear in four cases, depending on the level of aortic pressure. We extended these techniques to human subjects undergoing diagnostic cardiac catheterization. Studies using the impedance catheter in the aorta were performed in 11 patients. Aortic pressure-volume curves were elicited during Valsalva maneuver to obtain data over a range wider than that of a single cardiac cycle. Measurements of relative volume were calibrated with simultaneous M-mode echocardiography in three patients We conclude that pressure-volume relationships in the aorta can be assessed with impedance volume techniques, making possible in vivo measurements of arterial compliance. Potential nonlinearities in aortic P-V relationships requrie that the assessment of aortic compliance encompass as much as possible of the physiologic range of pressure and volume.
A program for applying the principle of parsimony in multiple regression

A program is described for solving problems in multiple regression analysis on a medium scale computer, PENNSTAC. While the general principles involved are not new, several features of the routine to be discussed make it quite suitable for most of the applications which have been encountered.PENNSTAC, which was built by the Department of Electrical Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University, is a magnetic drum computer with roughly the same capabilities as the IBM Type 650. It uses a binary-coded decimal number systems, and the memory holds 2,500 eleven digit words. Numerical quantities are represented by ten digits with a sign; the position of the decimal point is the same for all numbers, but can be set by the operator to any suitable place for a given problem. The input-output medium is punched paper tape. Input speed is quite adequate, but use of output must be economized.
Principal partition of graphs and connectivity games

Abstract A two-person game related to the connectivity among all vertices of a graph is defined. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the short, cut and neutral games are given in terms of the principal partition of a graph. Winning strategies are described.
Organizational Norm Congruency and Interpersonal Familiarity in E-Mail: Examining Messages from Two Different Status Perspectives

Relying on SIDE theory, this 2 × 2 experimental design tested the effects of adherence to organizational norms and interpersonal familiarity in e-mail messages from both superior and subordinate perspectives. Results reveal that using norm-congruent e-mail messages account for over 50% of the variance in both superior and subordinate attitudes toward the message and between 30% and 56% of the variance in perceptions of source credibility. Data from the superiors indicate that norm congruent e-mail messages account for 14.4% of the variance in message compliance. Results from subordinates reveal an interaction effect that is consistent with SIDE-based predictions. Subordinates believe superiors are most likely to comply with e-mail requests from unfamiliar subordinates that are crafted in a manner congruent with organizational norms.
Valvular heart disease as a cause of cerebrovascular disease in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

Thirty-seven patients with systemic lupus erythematosus underwent complete clinical and laboratory evaluations, including antiphospholipid antibodies and lupus anticoagulant, magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, and transesophageal echocardiography. Cerebrovascular disease manifested as stroke, transient ischemic attack, or cerebral infarcts in patients with nonfocal neurologic deficits was detected in 19 patients (51%), and significant left-sided valvular heart disease in 25 (68%). Valve vegetations, valve thickening, valve regurgitation, and lupus anticoagulant antibody occurred 2 to 3 times more often in patients with than without cerebrovascular disease (all p ≤0.04) and were the only independent predictors of cerebrovascular disease (odd ratios 5.3 to 10.6, all p ≤0.03). Thus, valvular heart disease probably exacerbated by hypercoagulability appears to be a source of embolic ischemic brain injury and cerebrovascular disease.
Interaction of shear waves with a periodic array of rigid strips

Abstract The interaction of shear waves with a periodic array of rigid strips is investigated. Using conventional analytical techniques the response of the strips is determined as a function of frequency. High amplifications in the strip response are found to occur at particular frequencies. The effects of spacing-to-width ratios and strip-to-matrix mass ratios on these amplifications are examined.
Conceptual design for a second-generation space telescope

Some innovative approaches to the design of a 16 meter filled-aperture, UV to IR, high spatial resolution, wide field-of-view space telescope are presented. The purpose of this paper is to stimulate the discussion of innovative concepts for a second generation space telescope. The ideas in this paper are not tested or analyzed. They are simply concepts that might prove to be applicable and which will have to be tested and developed, and possibly rejected. Comments on the concepts presented in this paper will be welcomed by the author.© (1993) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Effect of soil applied iron by‐product on micronutrient concentrations in sorghum cultivars

Abstract In a greenhouse experiment, Fe dust which has been collected for air pollution abatement by a steel industry was evaluated to alleviate Fe chlorosis of sorghum grown in Fe deficient calcareous soil. This by‐product dust contained 43% Fe, 5% Zn, and 2% Mn. Two sorghum cultivars, Fe‐efficient and Fe‐inefficient, were grown as test crops. The Fe by‐product was mixed with the soil at 3 rates before planting as dust and as pelleted form. Similar treatments also were amended with H2SO4. As a comparison treatment, H2SO4 alone also was applied directly to the soil. The Fe concentration increased in plant tissue reflecting both the rate of applied Fe and the acid amendment. Pelleting the Fe dust reduced its effectiveness, likely due to reduced surface area of the Fe. The less response to applied Fe by the Fe‐efficient cultivar than by the Fe‐inefficient cultivar indicates the greater capability of the Fe‐efficient cultivar to obtain sparingly soluble Fe from the soil. The Mn concentration in plants was de...
Dynamic topology representing networks

In the present paper, we propose a new algorithm, namely the Dynamic Topology Representing Networks (DTRN) for learning both topology and clustering information from input data. In contrast to other models with adaptive architecture of this kind, the DTRN algorithm adaptively grows the number of output nodes by applying a vigilance test. The clustering procedure is based on a winner-take-quota learning strategy in conjunction with an annealing process in order to minimize the associated mean square error. A competitive Hebbian rule is applied to learn the global topology information concurrently with the clustering process. The topology information learned is also utilized for dynamically deleting the nodes and for the annealing process. Properties of the DTRN algorithm will be discussed. Extensive simulations will be provided to characterize the effectiveness of the new algorithm in topology preserving, learning speed, and classification tasks as compared to other algorithms of the same nature.
High Glucose Induces Podocyte Injury via Enhanced (Pro)renin Receptor-Wnt-β-Catenin-Snail Signaling Pathway

(Pro)renin receptor (PRR) expression is upregulated in diabetes. We hypothesized that PRR contributes to podocyte injury via activation of Wnt-β-catenin-snail signaling pathway. Mouse podocytes were cultured in normal (5 mM) or high (25 mM) D-glucose for 3 days. Compared to normal glucose, high glucose significantly decreased mRNA and protein expressions of podocin and nephrin, and increased mRNA and protein expressions of PRR, Wnt3a, β-catenin, and snail, respectively. Confocal microscopy studies showed significant reduction in expression and reorganization of podocyte cytoskeleton protein, F-actin, in response to high glucose. Transwell functional permeability studies demonstrated significant increase in albumin flux through podocytes monolayer with high glucose. Cells treated with high glucose and PRR siRNA demonstrated significantly attenuated mRNA and protein expressions of PRR, Wnt3a, β-catenin, and snail; enhanced expressions of podocin mRNA and protein, improved expression and reorganization of F-actin, and reduced transwell albumin flux. We conclude that high glucose induces podocyte injury via PRR-Wnt- β-catenin- snail signaling pathway.
Increased Perpendicular TMR in FeCoB/MgO/FeCoB Magnetic Tunnel Junctions by Seedlayer Modifications

By modifying the seedlayer in perpendicular FeCoB/MgO/FeCoB magnetic tunnel junctions (MTJs), we observe an increase in maximum tunneling magnetoresistance (TMR) from 65% up to 138%. It's found that decreasing the Ta deposition rate in Ta/Ru/Ta underlayers allows for greater annealing temperatures (up to 350 ) while still maintaining a perpendicular easy axis. An improvement is also seen at a lower temperature where both seedlayers maintain a perpendicular FeCoB easy axis indicating that the increase in TMR is not solely related to annealing at a higher temperature.
Do tumor characteristics and prognostic factors differ between subsequent rounds of PSA screening for prostate cancer

Do tumor characteristics and prognostic factors differ between subsequent rounds of PSA screening for prostate cancer?
Salutary effects of exogenous adenosine administration on in vivo myocardial stunning

Augmentation of endogenous adenosine levels is associated with decreased myocardial ischemic-reperfusion injury. The purpose of this study was to determine whether exogenous adenosine administered before ischemia could attenuate postischemic myocardial dysfunction. Regional myocardial stunning was induced by 15 minutes of coronary artery occlusion and 90 minutes of reperfusion in an open-chest canine preparation. Regional ventricular function was assessed by measurement of systolic wall thickening. Control untreated hearts were compared with two groups of hearts treated immediately before ischemia with intracoronary adenosine (5 μg/kg per minute and 50 μg/kg per minute). A fourth group of hearts was treated for the first 30 minutes of reperfusion with adenosine (50 μg/kg per minute). Preischemic adenosine administration increased coronary flow sixfold to sevenfold without altering regional function, mean arterial pressure, or left ventricular end-diastolic pressure. Both adenosine pretreatments attenuated stunning compared with results in control animals (14.7%±5.1% and 21.6%±7.3% of preischemic systolic wall thickness versus −14.0%±10%). Adenosine treatment during reperfusion transiently increased function in parallel with increased coronary blood flow, but after termination of the infusion regional function was not different from that in control stunned hearts (−5.0%±13.1% of preischemic systemic wall thickness). These results indicate that adenosine pretreatment is associated with attenuation of stunning, an effect that can be produced at doses that do not alter systemic hemodynamics.
Mixed variational principles for dynamic response of thermoelastic and poroelastic continua

Abstract The primary objective of the present work is to make further connections between variational methods on the one hand and reversible and irreversible thermodynamics on the other. This begins with the development of a new stationary principle, involving mixed field variables, for continuum problems in infinitesimal dynamic thermoelasticity. By defining Lagrangian and dissipation functions in terms of physically-relevant contributions and invoking the Rayleigh formalism for damped systems, we are able to recover the governing equations of thermoelasticity as the Euler–Lagrange equations. This includes the balance laws of linear momentum and entropy-energy, the constitutive models for elastic response and heat conduction, and the natural boundary conditions. By including energy contributions associated with second sound phenomena, one eliminates the paradox of infinite thermal propagation speeds and the resulting set of governing equations has an elegant symmetry, which is most easily seen in the Fourier wave number domain. A related formulation for dynamic poroelasticity yields two new stationary mixed variational principles. Depending upon the selection of primary field variables, these governing equations can also exhibit an elegant structure, which can deepen our understanding of the underlying phenomena and the thermoelastic–poroelastic analogy. In addition to the theoretical significance, the variational formulations developed here can provide the basis for a class of optimization-based methods for computational mechanics.
A simple model for the diurnal variation of the mixing depth and transport flow

A simple time-dependent numerical model of the depth of the layer of active, surface-based turbulent mixing is combined with the equations governing the wind and potential temperature at the top of this layer and averaged over it and with a force-restore soil temperature model. This results in a useful description of the diurnal behavior of the surface friction velocity, surface heat flux, and near surface temperature as well as the mixing depth and the transport wind. Comparisons with data from Day 33 of the Wangara experiment are favorable.
Bias effects on magnitude and ratio estimation power function exponents.

A bias model of relative judgment was used to derive a ratio estimation (RE) power function, and its effectiveness in providing estimates of exponents free of the effects of standards was evaluated. The RE bias model was compared with the simple RE power function that ignores bias. Results showed that when bias was not taken into account, estimates of exponents exhibited the usual effects of standards observed in previous research. However, the introduction of bias parameters into the RE power function virtually eliminated these effects. Exponents calculated from “equal-range segments” (e.g., low stimulus range vs. high stimulus range) judged by magnitude estimation (ME) were examined: the effects of equal-range segments on exponents were much stronger for ME than standards were for RE, using the bias model.
Robust Rank Procedures for the Behrens-Fisher Problem

Abstract The problem of testing for equality of the medians of two populations is considered. The standard distribution-free tests for this problem require that the two populations have the same shape to maintain their nominal significance level under the null hypothesis. A method is given to modify many of these tests so they can be used to test for equality of the medians with fewer assumptions on the shapes of the two populations. The method is demonstrated using the Mann-Whitney-Wilcoxon statistic.
Suppression of elliptic-flow-induced correlations in an observable of possible local parity violation

I show that fluctuations in elliptic anisotropy in heavy-ion collisions can be used to significantly reduce the contribution of transverse-momentum conservation, and of all background effects independent of the orientation of the reaction plane, from an observable of the chiral magnetic effect. I argue that for a given impact parameter, the magnetic field is approximately independent of the fluctuating shape of the fireball.
Strong induction of tyrosine phosphorylation, intracellular calcium, nuclear transcription factors and interferonγ, but weak induction of IL-2 in naı̈ve T cells stimulated by bacterial superantigen☆

Abstract The outcome of T cell receptor (TCR) engagement is controlled by the differential recruitment of a variety of pathways, depending on the nature of the TCR ligand. Studies on superantigens (SAGs) were among the first describing such differential signaling; however, reported results are inconsistent. We took a quantitative approach to reinvestigate this question. Using naive T cells from TCR transgenic mice, we found that compared to the antigenic peptide from pigeon cytochrome c, the SAG staphylococcal enterotoxin A very efficiently (100–2000-fold more sensitive on a weight basis) induced tyrosine kinase activity, intracellular calcium increase, and interferon (IFN)γ production. Up-regulation of CD25 and CD69 and proliferation were less efficiently induced (20–30-fold more sensitive), and interleukin (IL)-2 production was induced least efficiently (only 2-fold more sensitive). This differential activation profile that varies with the activation event analyzed is discussed with respect to the propensity for SAG to induce anergy.
Entropy and Information Optics

In this paper we shall begin our discussion with the relationship between optics and humans, in which we see that light has indeed provided us with a very valuable source of information. A general optical communication concept is discussed, in which we see that a picture is indeed worth more than a thousand words. Based on Shannon's information theory, one can show that entropy and information can be simply traded. One of the most intriguing laws of thermodynamics must be the second law, in which we have found that there exists a profound relationship between the physical entropy and information. Without this relationship, information theory would be totally useless in physical science. By applying this relationship, Maxwell and diffraction-limited demons are discussed. And finally, samples of information optics are provided.
Rank statistical analysis of nickel sulphide resources of the Norseman-Wiluna Greenstone Belt, Western Australia

Estimating the undiscovered mineral resources of a terrane is a challenging, yet essential, task in mineral exploration. We apply Zipf’s law rank statistical analysis to estimate the undiscovered nickel sulphide resources in the Norseman-Wiluna Greenstone Belt, Western Australia. The analysis suggests that about 3.0 to 10.0 Mt of nickel sulphide resources are yet to be discovered in this belt, compared to the currently known total nickel sulphide endowment of 10.8 Mt. This undiscovered nickel sulphide endowment is likely to be hosted by incompletely delineated deposits and undiscovered deposits in less explored komatiites in the belt. Using the more detailed data subset of the Kambalda domain, this study manipulates Zipf’s law to estimate the sizes of undiscovered deposits, in addition to the domain’s total nickel sulphide endowment estimate. Importantly, regression analysis shows that the gradient of the line of best fit through the logarithmic rank-size plot for the detailed Kambalda data subset is −1. This gradient, which is the key Zipf’s law constant k, has the value of −0.92 for the Norseman-Wiluna Greenstone Belt which is collectively less mature than the Kambalda domain. This result corroborates the use of k = −1 in Zipf’s law predictive analyses of mineral resources for deposit populations for which the value of k = −1 has not yet been attained due to exploration immaturity.
Toward a data model for integrated pictorial databases

Behind every database management system, whether consciously planned or not, is a data model: a precise description of what types of information can be represented in a direct fashion and how the information is to be logically organized. It follows that for a well-thought-out database management system, one that can expand in a graceful fashion, the formulation of an appropriate data model should precede that of the actual database system design. Thus, the field of data models has an important role to play in the design of such systems. In this paper, the beginnings of a data model for an integrated pictorial database management system are formulated. The notion of such a system is one in which the pictures do not merely represent an appendix to a classical textual database but are integrated with the alphanumeric information. This means that the query language itself and all query processing steps, including query optimization, should utilize iconic as well as textual information.
Glycine-immunoreactivity in the auditory brain stem of the chick ☆

Abstract Glycine-immunoreactivity (Gly-I) was studied in the auditory brain stem of chick using a polyclonal antiserum to glycine conjugated to bovine serum albumin (Wenthold et al., 1987). During embryonic development, little Gly-I is present in nucleus magnocellularis (NM), nucleus laminaris (NL), or nucleus angularis (NA). In posthatch chicks, a few Gly-I terminals are found on nerve cell bodies in NM. Gly-labeled terminals are rare in NL and NA. When present in NL, they appear to be apposed to neuronal somata and not to dendrites. Occasionally, a Gly-labeled cell can be found in NM. After unilateral cochlea removal, Gly-labeled terminals are still present in NM. Thus, the cochlea does not appear to be the source of the glycinergic afferents to NM. The pattern of staining of Gly-I contrasts sharply with that of gamma-aminobutyric acid-immunoreactivity (GABA-I). The number of Gly-I terminals in NM, NL and NA appears to be much less than that of GABA-I. In addition, GABA-I terminals are very abundant around both the cell bodies and dendrites of neurons in NM and NL, whereas Gly-I terminals are found only on neuronal somata. Gly-I in NM also appears to be much less than that in its mammalian homologue, the anteroventral cochlear nucleus.
Management of an Innominate Artery Aneurysm During an Open Heart Operation

Abstract A 76-year-old woman was found to have a 4 × 2.5-cm saccular aneurysm at the origin of the innominate artery at the time of a reoperative open heart operation. The operative procedure was modified to include repair of the aneurysm with a Dacron patch. During the period of innominate artery occlusion, the patient was cooled to 25 °C and the mean arterial pressure was maintained at 90 mm Hg to maximize cerebral protection.
Scanning tunneling microscopy of 1 T - TiSe 2 and 1 T - TiS 2 at 77 and 4.2 K

Scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) studies of 1T-${\mathrm{TiSe}}_{2}$ and 1T-${\mathrm{TiS}}_{2}$ at 77 and 4.2 K show anomalously large modulations of 1 to 3 A\r{} by the surface chalcogen atoms. The charge-density-wave (CDW) modulation in 1T-${\mathrm{TiSe}}_{2}$ which forms a 2${\mathrm{a}}_{0}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${2\mathrm{a}}_{0}$\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}${2\mathrm{c}}_{0}$ superlattice between 202 K is also well resolved. The detailed superposition of the atomic and CDW modulations can be separated and both contribute equally to the STM response.
An Annotated Checklist of Malacostracans (Crustacea) Inhabiting Southern New England Fresh Waters

ABSTRACT The known malacostracans (crayfish, isopods, and amphipods) recorded from southern New England fresh waters are listed along with notes concerning distribution and, where appropriate, relevant taxonomic data. Species which are believed to be introduced into the region are so indicated.
Perforated duodenal ulcer presenting with shock in a child

Presentation of peptic ulcer disease in children covers a broad spectrum ranging from subtle, and thus overlooked and underdiagnosed, to catastrophic, as in this case. It is important for the emergency physician to realize the potential morbidity and mortality of this disease and be aware of the spectrum of presentation for primary and secondary pediatric ulcer disease.
Navigating big data with high-throughput, energy-efficient data partitioning

The global pool of data is growing at 2.5 quintillion bytes per day, with 90% of it produced in the last two years alone [24]. There is no doubt the era of big data has arrived. This paper explores targeted deployment of hardware accelerators to improve the throughput and energy efficiency of large-scale data processing. In particular, data partitioning is a critical operation for manipulating large data sets. It is often the limiting factor in database performance and represents a significant fraction of the overall runtime of large data queries.To accelerate partitioning, this paper describes a hardware accelerator for range partitioning, or HARP, and a hardware-software data streaming framework. The streaming framework offers a seamless execution environment for streaming accelerators such as HARP. Together, HARP and the streaming framework provide an order of magnitude improvement in partitioning performance and energy. A detailed analysis of a 32nm physical design shows 7.8 times the throughput of a highly optimized and optimistic software implementation, while consuming just 6.9% of the area and 4.3% of the power of a single Xeon core in the same technology generation.
Antitumor effects of analogs of LH-RH and somatostatin: experimental and clinical studies.

Abstract Many clinical approaches for the treatment of hormone-sensitive tumors are being developed based on analogs of LH-RH and somatostatin. Inhibition of the pituitary-gonadal axis forms the basis for oncological applications of LH-RH agonists like [ d -Trp6]-LH-RH and new LH-RH antagonists free of edematogenic effects such as [Ac- d -Nal(2)1- d -Phe(4Cl)2- d -Pal(3)3, d -Cit6, d -Ala10]-LH-RH (SB-75). Agonists and antagonists of LH-RH have been used in patients with prostate cancer and might be also beneficial for the treatment of breast cancer and ovarian, endometrial and pancreatic carcinomas. Some of the effects of LH-RH analogs can be due to direct action since LH-RH receptors have been found in these cancers. The use of sustained delivery systems based on microcapsules of PLG, makes the treatment more efficacious. Octaeptide analogs of somatostatin such as d -P ys-Tyr- d -Trp-Lys-Val-Cy s-Trp-NH2 (RC-160) and related analogs were designed specifically for antitumor activity. These somatostatin analogs, by virtue of having a wide spectrum of activities appear to inhibit various tumors through multiple mechanisms. Direct antiproliferative actions of somatostatin analogs appear to be mediated by specific receptors located on tumor cells. High affinity binding sites for RC-160 and related analogs have been found in human pancreatic, prostate, breast and ovarian cancers and brain tumors such as meningiomas. In vivo administration of analog RC-160 inhibits the growth of Dunning R-3327 prostate cancers in rats, MXT mammary tumors in mice and BOP-induced ductal pancreatic cancers in hamsters. Combination of microcapsules of RC-160 with [ d -Trp6]-LH-RH results in synergistic potentiation of the inhibition of these cancers. Somatostatin analog RC-160 and LH-RH antagonist SB-75 are the object of further experimental studies and clinical trials aimed at the exploration of their inhibitory effects on the processes of malignant growth.
Sound localization in chinchillas. II: Front/back and vertical localization

The ability of chinchillas to make front/back and vertical locus discriminations was examined behaviorally using a conditioned avoidance procedure. Their minimum audible angle for localizing single broadband noise bursts was 36° for front/back localization and 23° for vertical localization. Sound localization tests using filtered noise demonstrated that the signal must contain high frequencies in order for chinchillas to make front/back and vertical locus judgements and that frequencies in their highest audible octave (i.e., above 16 kHz) contribute to localization. These results support the view that a major selective advantage of high-frequency hearing in mammalian evolution was its utility for monaural as well as binaural sound localization.
Cavity dumped operation of a CW pumped Q-switched and mode-locked YLF laser

Abstract A cw pumped Nd 3+ : LiYF 4 (Nd 3+ : YLF) laser is demonstrated in Q-switched, mode locked, and cavity dumped operation to provide stable pulse energies in excess of 2 mJ (30 MW peak power). In operation as a dye laser pump source (non-cavity dumped operation), the shorter pulses and larger number of pump pulses in the Q-switched pulse envelope, relative to the analogous YAG system, enable a factor of ∼3 reduction in dye pulse durations. The system represents a simple source for dye pulses in the 10 ps range with MW peak powers.
Effect of prior visual experience on cortical recovery from the effects of unilateral eyelid suture in kittens

The reversibility of monocular deprivation was tested physiologically in twelve kittens which had received varying amounts of normal visual experience prior to unilateral eye closure. Recordings obtained from cells in cortical area 17 indicated that the effects of monocular deprivation are reversible in cats as old as 8 weeks if the animals have been allowed normal visual experience before eye closure. 1. Four kittens had their right eyes closed at 3, 4, and 5 weeks of age. All animals were reverse sutured at about 8 weeks of age, and after 2 weeks forced usage of the deprived eye, each animal was tested physiologically for recovery. Single unit recordings revealed a consistent relation between the extent to which the effects of initial deprivation could reverse and the age of the animal at the time of this deprivation. Recordings from a fifth, 8 week old kitten, which had been monocularly deprived for 3 weeks, ensured that our shortest period of deprivation induces a severe deficit. 2. Two kittens which were reared in the dark for 4 and 5 weeks before unilateral eye closure, failed to show substantial (greater than 20%) reversal when reverse lid-sutured at 8 weeks of age. This failure suggests that kittens having their eyes closed after normal experience show enhanced reversibility, at least in part, on account of their early experience and not necessarily because of shorter deprivation. A litter-mate of one of these kittens was allowed 9 days of normal vision after dark rearing and before lid suture. Recordings which were performed both before and after 6 days of reverse suture demonstrated a near total (85%) reversal in ocular dominance. 3. Three animals, monocularly deprived after some normal experience, recovered substantial numbers of binocular cells after both eyes had been allowed to remain open. In one of these cats the effectiveness of monocular deprivation was confirmed physiologically before eye opening. These findings contrast with those of other workers who have failed to find many binocular cells in kittens that had been allowed to recover, with eye opening, from monocular deprivation which had lasted since birth. 4. One kitten was reared for 2 weeks (3-5 weeks of age) with alternating monocular deprivation. Single unit recordings from this cat, which were made after four additional weeks of unilateral eye closure, revealed some cells which had resisted monocular deprivation and which responded strongly to stimulation of the deprived eye. Reverse suture in the same animal led to the recovery of many cells (36%), dominated by the initially deprived eye, but did not result in a reversal in ocular dominance.
Surgical Treatment of Emphysematous Blebs and Bullae

The preceding cases are examples chosen from a number of similar cases that have come to my attention in recent years. As indicated, it was possible in some cases to obtain a satisfactory result by simple repair of a small surface defect; in others segmental resection, lobectomy or pneumonectomy was necessary. Before exploratory thoracotomy was performed, it was not possible in any case to determine the extent of operation that would be necessary. Since in some cases extensive pulmonary resection, even total pneumonectomy, is required, it is, of course, important to determine as accurately as possible the status of the opposite lung. The fact that these patients have been maintaining respiratory requirements with one lung, even in the presence of tension pneumothorax on the opposite side, is quite good evidence of the condition of the functioning lung. However, in some cases there may be blebs or bullae in the better lung. The most conservative surgical procedure possible should always be chosen since there is always some likelihood that the factors that have led to the development of the lesion for which operation is being performed may lead to the development of other blebs and bullae in the future. So far as we know at present this has not occurred in any of our patients as yet but the possibility must be recognized and as much functioning pulmonary tissue should be preserved as is possible under the circumstances of the individual case. It is an interesting fact to me that these patients can have a huge air-filled cavity with bronchial communication and yet so rarely become infected. It is amazing that some of our patients have apparently gone three or four years with a complete and even a tension pneumothorax with open bronchial communication without development of a pleural infection. In some cases there may be a little clear pleural fluid; in others, none. In some instances it has been necessary to decorticate the lung before it would expand satisfactorily. In others re-expansion occurred readily when the defect was closed or the involved segment of lung was removed. Pulmonary cysts of alveolar origin occur fairly commonly. They deserve more attention than they have received. They are not necessarily a part of a generalized pulmonary disease. They are the most frequent cause of spontaneous pneumothorax. In many instances they are amenable to corrective surgical measures with great benefit to the patient.
Region adjacency and its application to object detection

Abstract This paper describes a computationally efficient algorithm for object detection from a segmented image. A binary relation called region adjacency is defined, and the analysis of algebraic structure of regions is given. Two types of objects, simple object and composite object, are defined and the definitions lead naturally to the new object detection algorithm. The algorithm can detect both simple and complex objects. Efficient computational schemes are also given.
The Long and Short of It: Cognitive Constraints on Leaders' Assessments of "Postwar" Iraq

The George W. Bush administration's assessments of challenges that might come after the fall of Saddam Hussein's regime in Iraq were wide of the mark, but it is unclear why this was the case. Along with the difficulty of anticipating the future, perhaps the opportunity costs of allocating resources to postconflict considerations were simply too high. Institutional biases and civil-military friction may have also led actors to privilege certain information and plans over others. Although plausible, these hypotheses do not sufficiently explain strategic assessment prior to the 2003 invasion. They cannot account for the substance of most senior policymakers' assessments, especially those of President Bush and Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld, which was optimistic when late-stage operations were considered but not when combat plans were deliberated. An established psychological theory that describes how people mentally represent distant future actions—as opposed to those that are seen as impending—explains t...
From Urb of clay to the hypodermic city. Improper cities in modern Latin America

(1998). From Urb of clay to the hypodermic city. Improper cities in modern Latin America. Journal of Latin American Cultural Studies: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 55-74.
Spinal cord injury in the newborn infant.

Birth injury to the spinal cord secondary to traction forces during delivery is a common but frequently undiagnosed disorder. The injury usually affects the cervicodorsal junction, with both extradural hematoma and direct cord damage at the level. Clinical findings of a paraplegic infant with abdominal breathing are sometimes obscured by sccondary pneumonia and/or hypoxia. Radiologic manifestations include a bell shaped chest indicative of loss of the external muscles of respiration; spinal roentgenograms are usually normal. Myelography in neonatal spinal injury demonstrates a block in the subarachnoid space; infrequently localized cord atrophy may be identified.
Tentoxin effects onSorghum: The role of polyphenol oxidase

In an ultrastructural and cytochemical study of tentoxin-treatedSorghum bicolor (L.) Moench, both bundle sheath and mesophyll plastids were severely affected, Plastids from chlorotic leaf areas lacked most internal membranes yet had plastid ribosomes and large fibrillar areas of plastid DNA. In “recovered areas” (mottled yellow and green), cells were found that had plastids of near-normal ultrastructure as well as the severely affected plastid-types found in chlorotic leaf areas. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) cytochemistry of these mottled leaf areas indicated that all “recovered” mesophyll plastids had PPO whereas all the abnormal mesophyll plastids showed no activity. Because bundle sheath plastids ofSorghum have no PPO activity at any developmental stage, yet are affected by tentoxin, PPO cannot be uniquely affected by this toxin. We suggest that tentoxin may affect the transport of cytosolic proteins into the plastid.