cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Emergency Department education improves patient knowledge of coronary artery disease risk factors but not the accuracy of their own risk perception

Abstract Background. Coronary artery disease (CAD) is the single largest killer of both males and females in the United States. The Emergency Department (ED) represents a unique environment in which patient education may improve coronary artery disease risk factor knowledge and relative risk perception. ED patients' understanding of CAD risk factors is often limited. Patients' perception of their own risk is often not a reflection of their true risk. We hypothesized that an American Heart Association educational video intervention would improve patients' knowledge of coronary artery disease risk factors and personal risk awareness in the ED setting. Methods. IRB approval was obtained for this prospective observational cohort study. Our trial included 100 adult patients (age 18 and over), both male and female, using the ED population at an inner city tertiary care Level I trauma center hospital as our source of participants. Recruitment of patients began in January 2002 and ended in May 2004. Results. Patients who watched the educational video did improve their knowledge of cardiac risk factors significantly when compared to patients who received no educational video intervention. In our study, this information was not retained at 30-day follow-up. However, there was still significant improvement in their knowledge when compared to baseline scores pre-intervention. Patients overestimated their risk when compared to an objective measure of risk. In both the study and control groups, patients significantly overestimated their risk pre-educational intervention, immediately post-educational intervention, and at 30-day follow-up when compared to an objective measure of risk. Conclusions. Simple educational intervention at a teachable moment (i.e. when a patient is experiencing chest pain in the ED) significantly improves patient's knowledge of CAD risk factors immediately post-intervention. This improvement in knowledge is not fully retained at 30-day follow-up, which suggests that patients may benefit from further educational intervention prior to 1 month follow-up. Patients overestimate their risk when compared to an objective measure of risk, regardless of whether they receive an educational intervention or not.
Improved 2D time‐of‐flight angiography using a radial‐line k‐space acquisition

For flow imaging applications, radial-line k-space acquisition methods offer advantages over conventional 2DFT methods. Specifically, radial-line acquisition methods mitigate artifacts resulting from pulsatile flow while offering a potential reduction in scan times. In this paper, radial-line and 2DFT acquisitions are compared in a two-dimensional time-of-flight angiography sequence. The twisting radial-line (TwiRL) trajectory, a variant of 2D projection reconstruction, is used to represent the family of radial-line trajectories. In both phantom and in vivo studies, the TwiRL images demonstrate improved vessel depiction including a more uniform signal intensity and better delineation of the vasculature in comparison with images obtained via the 2DFT method.
Neural control of embryonic acetylcholine receptor and skeletal muscle.

The manner by which motor neurons exert control over the distribution and number of acetylcholine receptors, and muscle development was investigated in the superior oblique muscle of white Peking duck embryos. Clusters of receptors in the normally developing muscle first appeared on day 10 of incubation as determined with I125 α-bungarotoxin autoradiography. The initial appearance of receptor clusters coincided with the arrival of motor nerve fibers in the muscle. Clusters of receptors also appeared in normal fashion in muscles made aneural by destruction of motor neurons on day 7. But after day 14 these clusters had disappeared and no new clusters were seen thereafter in the aneural muscle. Receptor clusters persisted throughout development in muscle in which neuromuscular transmission was blocked with either curare or botulinum toxin and in muscles denervated on day 10.5, i.e., shortly after the initial nerve-muscle contact but prior to the onset of muscle activity. A progressive increase in the total number of receptors and in the total amount of protein occurred during the course of normal development. However, the specific activity of the receptor protein declined sharply following innervation on day 10. The total number of receptors and the specific activity of the receptor was affected depending on whether the motor neurons were destroyed before or after innervation and following chronic blockade of neuromuscular transmission. The half-life of the receptor protein was similar in normal, aneural, and paralyzed muscles (26, 25, 26 h, respectively). Measurements of total protein indicated that essentially no muscle growth occurred in the complete absence of innervation. Paralyzed muscles continued to develop but at a slower pace.
Oncogenes, self-renewal and cancer

Cancers arise in a tissue as the culmination of a series of mutations that activate oncogenes and inactivate tumor suppressor genes. Many of these mutations affect cell proliferation and survival. Recently, it has become apparent that some oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes also regulate self-renewal, the process by which stem cells maintain themselves. In some cancer cells, the process of self-renewal is de-regulated resulting in expansion of these cells and tumors. It is likely that targeting cancer cell self-renewal pathways will result in more effective cancer therapies.
Warm autoimmune hemolytic anemia secondary to Plasmodium ovale infection: A case report and review of the literature

A three year old male from the Democratic Republic of the Congo was admitted to Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt with a 10-day history of fever, emesis, and diarrhea. Examination demonstrated scleral icterus, splenomegaly, and anemia. By peripheral blood smear, the patient was diagnosed with Plasmodium ovale. Immunohematology demonstrated a positive direct antiglobulin test (DAT) for IgG and C3d with pan-agglutination on eluate. These findings, in combination with hemolytic labs, signified presence of an autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA). We believe this to be the first reported case of P. ovale infection-mediated AIHA.
Antimicrobial Effects of Lactoferrin, Lysozyme, and the Lactoperoxidase System and Edible Whey Protein Films Incorporating the Lactoperoxidase System Against Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli O157:H7

Lactoferrin (LF), lysozyme (LZ), the lactoperoxidase system (LPOS), and edible whey protein isolate (WPI) films incorporating LPOS were studied for inhibition of Salmonella enterica and Escherichia coli 0157:H7. Antimicrobial effects of LF (5 to 40 mg/mL), LZ (1 to 20 mg/mL), and LPOS (0.5% to 5.0% [w/v] [0.03-0.25 g/g, dry basis]) were examined by measuring turbidity of antimicrobial- containing media after inoculation and by examining cell inhibition by WPI films incorporating LPOS (LPOS-WPI films) on an agar recovery medium. Elastic modulus (EM), tensile strength (TS), percent elongation (%E), oxygen permeability (OP), and Hunter L, a, and b of WPI films incorporating 0.03 to 0.25 g/g of LPOS were compared with those of plain WPI films without LPOS. The growth of S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7 (4 log colony-forming units [CFU]/mL) in tryptic soy broth (TSB) was not prevented by LF at ≤20 and ≤40 mg/mL, respectively. S. enterica and E. colt O157:117 in TSB were not inhibited by LZ at ≤6 and ≤20 mg/mL, respectively. LPOS at concentrations of 2.75% (w/v) and 1.0% (w/v) reduced S. enterica and E. coli 0157:H7 to below the limit of detection (1 CFU/mL) in TSB, respectively. LPOS-WPI films (0.15 g/g) completely inhibited S. enterica and E. coli O157:117 (4 log CFU/cm 2 ), inoculated either onto agar before placing the film disc or onto top of the film disc. Incorporation of 0.25 g/g of LPOS decreased EM, TS, and %E. The oxygen barrier property of WPI films was improved with the incorporation of LPOS at 0.15 to 0.25 g/g.
K−d elastic scattering at 727 MeV/c

Abstract The differential cross section has been measured using 940 events from the BNL 30-inch deuterium bubble chamber. Events were selected without regard to length of the deuteron, and so wide-angle scatters are included. The data are fitted well by a Glauber model with reasonable assumptions about the parameters.
Manipulation of hydrophobic interactions in associative polymers using cyclodextrin and enzyme

We examine a new approach to reversibly modulate hydrophobic interactions in associative polymers using cyclodextrins (CD) and enzymes that cause scission of the α-1, 4 linkages in cyclodextrins. The associative polymers have a comb-like structure with pendant hydrophobic groups randomly attached to the polymer backbone. The intermolecular interaction between hydrophobic groups forms a transient network resulting in thickening of solutions containing the polymer. The CDs, doughnut-shaped cyclic polysaccharides, encapsulate the hydrophobes within their hydrophobic cavity and eliminate hydrophobic interactions. This results in several orders of magnitude reduction in solution viscosity and other viscoelastic properties. Subsequent degradation of the CDs by enzymes restores the hydrophobic interactions and the original rheological properties. A rheokinetic model is developed to describe the kinetics of the enzymatic reactions. The model accounts for equilibrium between the CD bound to the hydrophobes and free CD in solution and assumes the enzyme hydrolyzes only the free CD in the solution, which causes the release of the bound CDs in order to maintain equilibrium. The reaction is assumed to follow Michaelis Menten kinetics and the kinetic parameters are determined by tracking the changes in the viscoelastic properties of the polymer solution during the enzymatic scission of CD. The effects of enzyme concentration, polymer concentration and temperature on the rate of recovery of the original rheological properties are experimentally determined, and used to validate the trends of the rheokinetic model.
Automatic Controlled Precision Calculations

Recent developments in computer design and error analysis have made feasible the use of variable precision arithmetic and the preparation of programs that automatically determine their own precision requirements. Such programs enable the user to specify the accuracy he wants, and yield answers guaranteed to lie within the bounds prescribed. A class of such programs, called “contracting error programs,” is defined in which the precision is determined by prescribing error bounds on the data. A variant of interval arithmetic is defined which enables a limited class of algorithms to be programmed as contracting error programs. A contracting error program for the solution of simultaneous linear equations is described, demonstrating the application of the idea to a wider class of problems.
A mechanism for topical cutaneous calcinosis

ATP has been found in the fluid from distilled water washes of the dorsum of epilated and non-epilated rats. However, considerably more ATP was found in the epilated rats. Based upon these and previously reported results demonstrating that calcium adenosine 5′ triphosphate initiates subcutaneous calcification in rats, a hypothesis is proposed for the mechanism of topical cutaneous calcinosis as follows: Feeding DHT results in generalized hypercalcemia. When this is followed by epilation, tissue trauma occurs, resulting in destruction and/or enhanced permeability of cell membranes and release of ATP. The CaATP which forms hydrolyzes to produce a calcium orthophosphate nucleating seed for the calcification process. The ground substance necessary to form with calcium phosphate, the organized plaque, are the collagen fibers and muccopolysaccarides in the inter-fibrillar matrix in the dermal layer or the hair follicle itself.
The ovariectomized mouse as a model for osteoporosis

Bone loss in the spine due to estrogen withdrawal following menopause leads to reduced mechanical strength and ultimately fracture in women. Ovariectomized mice may serve as an appropriate model for Type II osteoporosis, but have not been fully characterized. This study relates whole bone mechanical properties to morphological changes in mouse vertebrae following estrogen withdrawal. The development and validation of mouse models for Type II osteoporosis will allow genetic influences to be examined in the future.
Progress of African Americans in higher education attainment: The widening gender gap and its current and future implications.

This research argues that despite all of the obstacles that African Americans have confronted in the history of the United States, they have made substantial progress in higher education attainment from the 1970s to the beginning of the 21st century. It reveals that the rise in attainment of college and university degrees has resulted in a substantial increase in living standards and that African Americans are making important economic, social and political contributions to the United States. I present several reasons why black males are not performing as well as black females in higher education attainment. Analyses are also presented regarding the current and future implications of the growing gap between black males and black females.
The belief-bias effect in formal reasoning: the influence of knowledge on logic.

The present study examines the applicability of a rational model of categorical inference (e.g., Revlis, 1975b) to account for the apparently irrational decisions students reach on categorical syllogisms. In Experiment 1, students judged the logical validity of emotionally neutral conclusions to controversial premises. Of the reasoners’ decisions, 80% can be accounted for by the application of rational rules to their idiosyncratic encoding of the syllogistic premises. In Experiment 2, students were asked to solve syllogisms whose conclusions varied in truth value. When asked to reason about controversial, if not emotional, material, students do not suspend rational choice, but rather, their decisions are judicious ones, flowing logically from their idiosyncratic understanding of the materials reasoned about. When errors do occur, they result from an interrupt to rational processes and reflect conflict between competing goals rather than a switch to irrational decision processes.
Massive nonfunctioning adrenal cortical adenoma: Complementary roles of computed tomography (CT) and angiography in the diagnosis

Computed tomography (CT) scanning and angiography are frequently seen as competing imaging modalities. In this evaluation of a very large nonfunctioning adrenal cortical adenoma, the complementary use of CT and angiography provides a firm basis for localization of the lesion and a comprehensive differential diagnosis.
International Sanitation Management and Performance Measurement: Taking Out the Trash

Internationally, sanitation management has been a critical area of contention, especially in recent years with tightening budgets and resource reductions to public services. Our article reviews the management strategies, actions, and developments that have led to sanitation incidents of piling trash and public health concerns. These incidents will be reviewed from a public management perspective underscoring the role of performance measurement and management. The key influences associated with the varying cases are discussed. Both the negative and positive factors of international cases of sanitation management are reviewed.
Inflammation, insulin resistance, infection, diabetes, and atherosclerosis

Abstract Objective To review the relationship between poor control of blood glucose in patients with diabetes and potential for occurrence of the acute coronary syndrome. Methods The role of advanced glycosylated end products in endothelial dysfunction is discussed, and the possible contributions of inflammation and infection in the rupture of atheromatous plaques are described. Results: Hyperglycemia predisposes to infection by decreasing the efficacy of leukocytes and allowing increased formation of advanced glycosylated end products. The associated endothelial permeability facilitates bacterial infiltration of atheromatous plaques. Reported associations between chronic infection and coronary artery disease have involved primarily Chlamydia pneumoniae. The insulin resistance syndrome is also characterized by compromised endothelial function, which may predispose patients to unstable plaques and cardiac events. Conclusion In patients with diabetes, poor glycemic control may lead to excessive advanced glycosylated end products, inflammation and infection of atheromatous plaques, and plaque rupture that can cause angina or myocardial infarction. (Endocr Pract. 2000;6:271-275)
Editorial: Nanobio versus Bionano--what's in a name?

Nanobio versus Bionano--what's in a name? This special Issue of Biotechnology Journal includes two sections, one featuring articles on nanobio, the other articles on bionano. The editors of the issue, Francois Baneyx and Je-Kyun Park, discuss the similarities and differences between the two in their editorial.
A Time Series Weather Radar Simulator Based on High-Resolution Atmospheric Models

Abstract A three-dimensional radar simulator capable of generating simulated raw time series data for a weather radar has been designed and implemented. The characteristics of the radar signals (amplitude, phase) are derived from the atmospheric fields from a high-resolution numerical weather model, although actual measured fields could be used. A field of thousands of scatterers is populated within the field of view of the virtual radar. Reflectivity characteristics of the targets are determined from well-known parameterization schemes. Doppler characteristics are derived by forcing the discrete scatterers to move with the three-dimensional wind field. Conventional moment-generating radar simulators use atmospheric conditions and a set of weighting functions to produce theoretical moment maps, which allow for the study of radar characteristics and limitations given particular configurations. In contrast to these radar simulators, the algorithm presented here is capable of producing sample-to-sample time ...
Mass transport to streambed biofilms

Abstract This study developed a mass transfer equation for the movement of biodegradable materials from the water column of shallow streams to the biofilm-colonized surfaces of sand-free gravel and cobble streambeds. The equation was developed from a series of well-controlled, batch-biodegradation tests performed in an artificial stream with streambeds between 1.5 to 2 rock layers thick. The batch tests determined the sensitivity of substrate flux into the streambed biofilms to short-term changes in water velocity. Experimental results indicated that substrate flux into the cobble-streambed biofilms was more sensitive than flux into the gravel-streambed biofilms to short-term changes in water velocity, and that the cobble streambed had faster removal rates. Rates of substrate removal by both streambeds were much more sensitive to short-term changes in water velocity than would be predicted by previous mass transport models, which only addressed the transport of materials from the water column to the external (exposed) surface of the streambed. This greater than expected sensitivity to changes in water velocity suggests that interstitial biofilms play an important role in determining substrate removal rates in streams with sand-free gravel and cobble streambeds.
Ethnography in School Administration

Anthropologists often select a field site, live there a number of years, write about their observations, and return to the site late in their careers to assess changes. Contemporary practicing anthropologists inhabit public and private agencies much like classic village-dwelling anthropologists. The notable difference in their behavior within the social system stems from a deeply held belief that the purpose of understanding the sociocultural context includes the creation of change. The practicing' anthropologist uses data collected to facilitate effective social action.
Organo-sulfur compounds in sediments of the Puget Sound basin

Abstract Sediment samples from a variety of different environments were analyzed for organo-sulfur compounds (OSC) to provide the first characterization of the amounts and types of these compounds in sediments of the greater Puget Sound basin. A gas Chromatograph equipped with a sulfur specific flame photometric detector was used to quantify individual OSC. Compositions of OSC mixtures were essentially constant throughout the study area. Dibenzothiophene (DBT), its alkylated homologs, and an unknown compound were the predominant OSC in most samples. Concentrations of total OSC and DBT ranged from 4 to 60 and 0.4 to 2 μg/g organic carbon, respectively. The flux of OSC to the sediments at a station in central Puget Sound west of Seattle was approximately 140 ng/cm 2 /yr. The profile of total OSC concentration with depth showed three organic sulfur compounds that are apparently created in situ in the vicinity of where hydrogen sulfide production begins. The concentrations of the aromatic OSC were relatively constant with depth. Although several anthropogenic sources of OSC were identified, there was no evidence that OSC from these sources were accumulating in the sediments. The major source of the aromatic OSC in the sediments is apparently atmospheric input from natural sources such as forest fires.
4-Phenylylboronic acid: a new type of enhancer for the horseradish peroxidase catalysed chemiluminescent oxidation of luminol

4-Phenylylboronic acid enhances the light emission from the horseradish peroxidase catalysed oxidation of luminol by hydrogen peroxide. Optimization studies showed that the greatest enhancement was obtained using micromolar concentrations of the new enhancer. The largest degree of enhancement was found with the basic isoenzyme of horseradish peroxidase (Type VIA), and lesser degrees of enhancement were obtained with Type VII and Type IX horseradish peroxidase. The enhancer was also effective in the peroxidase catalysed oxidation of isoluminol by peroxide.
EVALUATION OF A GUIDED COMPLIANCE PROCEDURE TO REDUCE NONCOMPLIANCE AMONG PRESCHOOL CHILDREN

The effectiveness of a guided compliance procedure to reduce noncompliance among typically developing preschool children was evaluated. After baseline data on compliance to common demands were collected, a parent, instructional assistant, or graduate research assistant implemented the guided compliance procedure, which involved the delivery of progressively more intrusive prompts contingent upon noncompliance. The effects of the procedure were examined using a nonconcurrent multiple baseline design across participants. The results suggest that the procedure was effective for four of the six children who participated. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Incoherent Electro-Optical Processing: A Tutorial

AbstractA tutorial review of incoherent electro- optical processing (EOP), a relatively newapproach to compact, high -speed signal processing is presented. The tutorial begins witha brief explanation of the differences between coherent and incoherent optical proces- sors. Different EOP architectures will be covered next with emphasis placed on temporalscanning processors which have the capability of performing real -time, linear transforma-tions on time varying inputs. Systems of this type are directly applicable to many sig-nal processing problems in radar or sonar. The presentation is concluded with a discus-sion of the state -of- the -art temporal scanning EOP which includes a light emitting diodeand imaging charge coupled device as its main components.IntroductionRecent advances in solid state technology have made incoherent electro- optical proces-sors (EOP) viable candidates for real -time signal processing systems.1+2 Solid statetechnology has reduced the size and power requirements of EOPs while increasing theirspeed and durability. This has generated interest in incoherent EOPs and quite oftenmany questions from individuals with backgrounds not oriented in optics. What is thedifference between coherent and incoherent optical processors? Are there different typesof incoherent processors? Do incoherent systems require lasers, lenses or mirrors?
Assessment of Autonomic Function for Healthy and Diabetic Patients Using Entrainment Methods and Spectral Technique

The main objective of this paper is to assess the autonomic function of healthy subjects and diabetic patients by using autopower spectra and measurement of gain frequency response between breathing signals at different rates as input and heart rate variability signals (HRV) as output. Twenty healthy subjects (39± 3.6) years old and twenty one diabetic patients (41±2.4) years old participated in this study. The subject lies on a bed where Electrocardiogram (ECG), heart rate variability signals (HRV) extracted from ECG and respiration signals at different breathing rates were measured and recorded. The autopower spectra of breathing rates and HRV signals were produced using the auto-regressive method. The gain frequency response for both healthy and diabetic groups was obtained. The effect of respiration signals at different rates on the auto-power of HRV signals significant specially for healthy subjects on a rate of 6 cycle /min (6 c pm or 0.1 Hz). However, this effect is reduced in all diabetic patients examined. The gain response of healthy group shows high gain with two peaks at 0.1 Hz and 0.2 Hz and high standard deviation (SD).
Computer modeling and simulation of human movement.

▪ Abstract Recent interest in using modeling and simulation to study movement is driven by the belief that this approach can provide insight into how the nervous system and muscles interact to produce coordinated motion of the body parts. With the computational resources available today, large-scale models of the body can be used to produce realistic simulations of movement that are an order of magnitude more complex than those produced just 10 years ago. This chapter reviews how the structure of the neuromusculoskeletal system is commonly represented in a multijoint model of movement, how modeling may be combined with optimization theory to simulate the dynamics of a motor task, and how model output can be analyzed to describe and explain muscle function. Some results obtained from simulations of jumping, pedaling, and walking are also reviewed to illustrate the approach.
SIR 2004 film panel case: Gangrene caused by homocystinuria.

A 19-year-old man presented with gangrene of the right great toe that progressed to cyanosis of the distal half of the right foot within 2 weeks. Risk factors noted initially included minimal smoking history, no diabetes mellitus, no hypertension, and no trauma, although the patient was an avid soccer player. Subsequent questioning during the following year revealed a history of trauma to the right knee with a baseball bat 6 months before presentation and use of cocaine. Physical examination revealed a well-developed, well-nourished, athletic-appearing man with dry gangrene at the tip of the right great toe and wet gangrene at the base of the right great, second and third toes. He was entirely nondysmorphic. All pulses were 4 , with the exception of the right popliteal, dorsalis pedis, and posterior tibial pulses, which were absent. An ankle-brachial index of 0.47 was measured in the right lower extremity and a noninvasive diagnosis of right superficial femoral artery occlusion was made. Treatment was started immediately with 325 mg/d aspirin and 75 mg/d clopidogrel bisulfate (Plavix; Bristol-Myers Squibb, New York, NY) and the patient was advised to quit smoking. An angiogram was obtained the next day. Our institution does not require institutional review board approval for retrospective reports such as this.
The Reliability and Validity of Edwards Personal Preference Schedule: A Cross-Cultural Study

(1963). The Reliability and Validity of Edwards Personal Preference Schedule: A Cross-Cultural Study. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 61, No. 2, pp. 241-246.
Burnout experienced by nurse midwives.

In 1982 the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) was completed by 98 US educated and employed certified nurse-midwives. The respondents represented 49% of a randomly selected sample stratified according to regions of the American College of Nurse-Midwives. The findings revealed that the majority of the respondents reported low levels of burnout on all six MBI dimensions. However, high levels of burnout, ranging from 8.2 to 21.4% for the six MBI dimensions, were reported by the respondents. When relationships between the burnout dimensions and personal and environmental variables were examined, the findings were essentially specific to the MBI dimensions. Burnout is more likely to occur in nurse-midwives with the following characteristics: young, have children, relatively newly employed in large services serving a high proportion of welfare clients, and often lacking physician, nurse, and consumer support.
Prader-Willi Syndrome: Report of Cases

Delayed eruption of dentition and hypoplastic enamel formation are among the classic characteristics of the Prader-Willi syndrome. Two cases are reported.
Greenhouse Gas Reductions or Greenwash?: The DOE's 1605b Program

This paper presents the first empirical analysis of the factors that lead electric utilities to participate in the Department of Energy’s voluntary greenhouse gas registry, and the impact of participation on their actual emissions performance. We find that firms are more likely to participate when the cost of participation is lower and when the pressure to participate is higher. We also find that participating in the 1605b program has no statistically significant effect on a firm’s carbon intensity, i.e., carbon emissions per unit of electricity generated. This suggests that firms’ participation may be a form of greenwash, that is, an attempt to appear more environmentally friendly than is really the case.
The Anti-Intellectual Presidency: The Decline of Presidential Rhetoric from George Washington to George W. Bush, by Elvin T. Lim

There has been a growing concern in U.S. society of late that reasoned debate and logical argument are on the decline, ousted by demagoguery and mindlessness. Several popular books have decried thi...
GABAergic dysfunction in schizophrenia and mood disorders as reflected by decreased levels of glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 and 67 kDa and Reelin proteins in cerebellum.

Abstract Background : Glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) is the rate limiting enzyme responsible for conversion of glutamate to gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) regulating levels of glutamate and GABA in the mammalian brain. Reelin is an extracellular matrix protein that helps in normal lamination of the embryonic brain and subserves synaptic plasticity in adult brain. Both GAD and Reelin are colocalized to the same GABAergic interneurons in several brain sites. We hypothesized that levels of GAD and Reelin would be altered in cerebellum of subjects with schizophrenia and mood disorders differentially vs. controls. Methods : We employed SDS-PAGE and Western blotting to measure levels of GAD isomers 65 and 67 kDa and Reelin isoforms 410-, 330- and 180-kDa proteins as well as β-actin in cerebellum of subjects with schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression vs. controls ( N =15 per group). Results : GAD 65- and 67-kDa levels were decreased significantly in bipolar, depressed and schizophrenic subjects ( p p p Conclusion : This study demonstrates for the first time significant deficits in GABAergic markers Reelin and GAD 65 and 67 proteins in bipolar subjects and global deficits in the latter proteins in schizophrenia and mood disorders, accounting for the reported alterations in CSF/plasma levels of glutamate and GABA in these disorders.
Noise and pulse characteristics of continuum generation in microstructure fiber

The continuum generated in microstructure fiber by femtosecond pulses has many potential applications. This tutorial will cover the noise that can be concomitant with the highly nonlinear continuum generation process and its impact on applications.
Optimal Global Interconnects for Networks-on-Chip in Many-Core Architectures

While integrated circuits are moving toward many-core architectures, no circuit-aware interconnect technology optimization methodology has been reported for such chips. To utilize a many-core chip to its full potential, low-latency ultrahigh-bandwidth intercore interconnects are needed. In this letter, for the first time, interconnect dimensions in a network-on-chip (NoC) are optimized to achieve large bandwidth density and small latency simultaneously. The optimal wire width for a NoC is found to be more than ten times smaller than the previously obtained optimal global interconnect width. For a 1000-core chip implemented in the technology year 2015, the optimal wire width is found to be minimum-dimension limited.
Prevention of reflex natriuresis after acute unilateral nephrectomy by melanocortin receptor antagonists

γ-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (γ-MSH), atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and oxytocin have been identified as candidate hormonal mediators of the reflex natriuresis that follows acute unilateral...
Composite 5A zeolite with ultrathin porous TiO2 coating for selective gas adsorption

A composite zeolite adsorbent was prepared by conformally depositing an ultrathin porous TiO2 coating on the external surface of the 5A zeolite by molecular layer deposition (MLD) and subsequent calcination. The composite adsorbent showed significantly improved ideal adsorption selectivity for CO2–CH4, CO2–N2 and propylene–propane.
Scaling simulation of the fusing-restricted reconfigurable mesh

This paper deals with the ability of a model to adapt algorithm instances of different sizes to run on a given model size without significant loss of efficiency. The overhead in simulating a step of a large instance of the model on a smaller instance can quantify this ability. A reconfigurable mesh (R-Mesh) can use its bus structure as a computational resource, presenting an obstacle to efficiently scaling down algorithms to run on a smaller R-Mesh. We construct a scaling simulation of a Fusing-Restricted Reconfigurable Mesh (FR-Mesh), a version of the R-Mesh. The overhead of this simulation depends only on the simulating machine size and not on the simulated machine size. Previously, the R-Mesh was not known to admit such a simulation overhead without significantly reducing its computational power. The small overhead holds importance for flexibility in algorithm design and for running algorithms with various input sizes on an available model of given size. The results of this paper extend to a variety of concurrent write rules and also translate to an improved scaling simulation of an unrestricted R-Mesh.
Method for Parking-Orbit Reorientation for Human Missions to Mars

Mars human-mission scenarios can incorporate a parking orbit at either Earth or Mars. In many cases the parking orbit is not conveniently oriented with respect to the interplanetary leg (e.g., returning to Earth from a parking orbit at Mars). A method to reorient the spacecraft’s orbit around a planet for a roundtrip mission is described. This method includes a maneuver at apoapsis that rotates the parking orbit about the line of apsides to achieve the proper orientation at departure, thus coupling the effects of parking-orbit orientation with the interplanetary trajectories. We also account for the natural precession of the parking orbit during the stay time. The maneuver is most efficient for long period, eccentric orbits but can be used for any parking-orbit period or eccentricity. Moreover, this method often allows a significant range of orbital inclinations and can be modified to allow any desired inclination. The most significant drawback is the need to change the inclination at some point during the stay time. The reorientation maneuver can be applied to any set of arrival and departure interplanetary trajectories. We find that reorienting the parking orbit before departure can significantly reduce the total ∆V for many proposed missions.
Surgical Remission of Pituitary Adenomas Confined to the Neurohypophysis in Cushing’s Disease

Context: Partial or total removal of the pituitary cures 60–80% of patients with Cushing’s disease (CD) in whom an adenoma cannot be identified at surgery. Many patients who fail complete or partial hypophysectomy are cured by sellar and parasellar irradiation. Design/Patients: As part of a series of prospective studies of CD, we identified 12 patients (34.5 ± 19.9 yr; 11 females; four children) with tumors located completely within the neurohypophysis among 730 patients undergoing surgery for CD. Setting: The study was conducted at a tertiary referral center at a clinical research hospital. Results: All 12 patients had clinical and biochemically defined CD. Tumor was visible at surgery in 11 patients; all 12 tumors were positive for ACTH by immunohistochemistry. Two tumors were excised at repeat surgery because of persistent hypercortisolism within 14 d of negative exploration of the adenohypophysis. There were no long-term complications. At follow-up of 71.9 ± 34.2 months (range, 30–138 months), all pat...
African American Fathers’ Depression and Stress as Predictors of Father Involvement During Early Childhood

Data from the Early Childhood Longitudinal Study, Birth Cohort, were used to examine the relation between father-reported depression, stress, and father involvement in a large, nationally representative sample of African American fathers (N = 784). Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that fathers who experienced fewer depressive symptoms participated in more frequent play, caregiving, and home literacy activities with their young children at 24 months. Furthermore, fathers who experienced fewer stressors engaged in more frequent play activities but not caregiving or home literacy. Notably, fathers who engaged in more frequent positive interactions (e.g., laughing and talking calmly) with their child’s mother were also more involved in play and caregiving at 24 months. Results were evident even after controlling for a host of sociodemographic characteristics. Overall, findings suggest that healthy psychological functioning coupled with positive mother-father interactions are positive predictors of fa...
FATE OF PETROLEUM COMPONENTS IN ESTUARINE WATERS OF THE SOUTHEASTERN UNITED STATES

ABSTRACT Radiolabeled hydrocarbons and phenols were added to water samples from the Skidaway and Cooper Rivers, two estuarine rivers on the U.S. south Atlantic coast. The adsorption of hydrocarbons to particles and microbial degradation of different petroleum components were the processes studied. Alkanes, low molecular weight aromatics (benzene, toluene, naphthalene and methylnaphthalene) and phenols were rapidly degraded to 14CO2. Low degradation rates were observed for the higher weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, fluorene, anthracene, benz(a)anthracene, and benz(a)pyrene, and from 12 to 70% of these hydrocarbons were absorbed to suspended particles in the water. Radioauto graphs of particles after the addition of 3H-benz(a)pyrene and 3H-hexadecane to the water samples indicated the hydrocarbons associated with detrital particles. This detritus was composed of a mixture of clay, organic matter, plankton remains and living microbes. One area of the Cooper River had visible oil slicks and the degra...
Handoffs in general surgery residency, an observation of intern and senior residents.

Abstract Background Handoffs have become an area of concern as duty-hour restrictions impose an increasing number of shift changes. The objective of this study was to study handoffs in a general surgery residency and identify problems that exist in the current handoff process in preparation for a standardized implemented protocol. Methods A resident researcher observed resident-to-resident handoffs for 5 surgical service teams, Monday through Friday, for the middle 2 weeks of the 3rd month of the academic year. Each handoff was observed for the presence, absence, or inconsistency of code status; anticipated problems; active problems; current baseline status; pending tests or consults; and closed-loop communication. Results Thirty-eight residents in 2010 were observed, with a total of 52 handoffs ranging from 1 to 27 minutes in length. Five handoffs (10%) were by phone, 47 handoffs (90%) were observed in person, 10 handoffs (19%) were by senior residents, and 37 handoffs (71%) were performed by junior residents. Of the 47 in-person handoffs, code status was mentioned in 2 (4%), and 6 (12%) were given written notes. Of the 37 intern handoffs, the presence of measured criteria occurred in the following percentages: 59% for anticipated problems, 70% for active problems, 51% for current baseline status, 64% for pending tests or consults, and 81% for closed-loop communication. Of the 10 senior-level handoffs observed, all consistently included the previously mentioned criteria. Conclusions This study demonstrates the lack of consistency and propensity for error in unstructured handoffs among junior residents. The finding that senior-level residents exhibited consistently proficient handoffs demonstrates that handoffs are a learned skill. Therefore, teaching junior residents a structured handoff supervised by senior residents would most likely reduce the inconsistency and error-prone nature of the junior-level handoffs observed in our study.
ADAPTIVE-PASSIVE NOISE CONTROL WITH SELF-TUNING HELMHOLTZ RESONATORS

Abstract A tunable Helmholtz resonator and a novel feedback based control law that achieves optimal resonator tuning for time varying tonal noise control applications are presented in this paper. The proposed tuning strategy combines an open loop tuning algorithm based on a simple lumped parameter model of the resonator with a gradient descent approach based on a feedback control structure that ensures robust performance. Optimal tuning of the resonator is achieved despite system uncertainties such as variations in the excitation frequency and environmental changes. An experimental verification of the proposed control law is included. Sound pressure level reductions of up to 30 dB were achieved in an experimental duct system using a tunable Helmholtz resonator.
Comparison of open and laparoscopic treatment of acute appendicitis.

Abstract Background: Appendectomy can be performed using either a laparoscopic or an open technique. This study compares the outcome of patients treated for acute appendicitis by open appendectomy with the outcome of those undergoing laparoscopic appendectomy. Methods: Patients undergoing appendectomy at The Mount Sinai Hospital between 1994 and 1998 were studied. Outcome of patients having open appendectomy was compared with that of patients having laparoscopic appendectomy. Results: Seven hundred fifty-eight patients underwent appendectomy for acute appendicitis during the 5-year study period. Two hundred seventy-one (36%) had open appendectomy and 487 (64%) had laparoscopic appendectomy. Patients subsequently found to have a normal appendix had the highest rate of laparoscopic appendectomy, whereas those with gangrenous appendicitis were most likely to have open appendectomy ( P Conclusions: Differences in outcome between open and laparoscopic appendectomy are minor. In this study, more difficult cases with gangrenous appendicitis were more likely to require open appendectomy whereas milder forms of appendicitis, especially in women, were more likely to be treated by laparoscopy. Savings from the slightly shorter hospital stay after laparoscopic appendectomy are offset by the higher surgical cost of the laparoscopic equipment.
Simulation and measurement of near-ground wave propagation for indoor scenarios

Efficient and versatile wave propagation models for indoor and urban environments can find applications in many areas including wireless channel characterization, environmental sensing and radar applications such as fire and earthquake rescue missions. There are various indoor field prediction techniques available in the literature such as ray tracing, hybrid techniques and empirical models that are based on measurement results [1–2]. Models based on numerical solvers such as MoM, FEM and FDTD are usually not preferred due to high computational cost. Ray tracing techniques, being a high frequency approximation, are not valid for lower frequency (lower UHF and VHF) applications. In addition, existing ray-tracing routines, which are most commonly used for indoor field prediction, are inadequate for evaluating the signal coverage for near-ground networks since the scattered wave from the ground is only approximated by Geometrical Optics (GO) which neglects the more dominant higher order Norton surface waves. Therefore, for near-ground transceivers deployed in indoor and urban environments these higher order waves and their interactions with building walls and other indoor obstacles should be taken into account for accurate field calculations. A semi-analytic propagation model for indoor scenarios that fully takes into account the Norton waves by making use of the Dyadic Green's function for a half-space dielectric medium was recently proposed in [3]. A physical optics type approximation was utilized to handle scattered field from building walls which are the dominant scatterers in indoor settings. The derivation and validation of the technique using a numerical solution for the 2D case were presented. In this work, the method is extended to a more realistic indoor propagation scenarios where multipe scatterers exist. In the first section, the semi-analytic technique for 3D multi-wall scenarios is described followed by measurement results used to validate the new method for 3D single wall-building geometry. To further validate the accuracy of the proposed model, field coverage comparison between the semi-analytic method and a full-wave solver (Semcad X) for various cases is also presented.
A bound on predictor misadjustment in ADPCM

Differential PCM with backward adaptive prediction (DPCM-APB) is a popular technique for data compression. Because of the presence of the quantizer in the feedback loop the adaptation process has been difficult to analyze. In this paper we present a bound on the predictor misadjustment and obtain some easily verifiable conditions for convergence of the bound.
Relative efficiencies of organized industries in India, 1949–58.

The study attempts to measure relative efficiencies (or inefficiencies) of manufacturing industries in India. Production analysis based on Cobb‐Douglas production function with explicit allowance for technological change is used for the study. Technological change is measured by alternative variables such as technological change embodied in new capital goods (measured by ‘Investment'). ‘Education’ is measured by the ratio of non‐workers to workers. ‘Experience’ is measured by output per worker cumulated over past seven years. Stepwise regression is used to estimate production functions. Consistent data for Indian industries is available for twenty‐eight industries over the ten year period (1949–58). To measure technological change over the ten year period, analysis of covariance is used. Empirical analysis shows that large differences do exist in the efficiency of input use in different industries.