cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dress, Type 1 Diabetes, and Adolescent Development

The purpose of this white paper is to call for research on the intersection of dress, type 1 diabetes (T1D), and adolescent development. Management of T1D requires frequent blood glucose monitoring, and the individual is dependent on regular delivery of insulin through injections or an insulin pump. Much of the literature on T1D focuses on fostering healthy habits. The role of dress and identity is rarely addressed. The example of an adolescent teen with T1D is employed to demonstrate how equipment for blood glucose control fulfills the definition of dress. A review of literature reveals a body of knowledge on dress and identity, T1D and adolescent development, and T1D and identity. Interdisciplinary research on the intersection of these three factors is needed. At a point in life when most teens want to look unique but not too different from friends, managing the gear that maintains health and communicates diabetic identity must be better understood to support the patient.
Anomalous Alignment and Dynamic Scattering in Liquid Crystals Exhibiting a Positive Dielectric Anisotropy

Abstract Molecular alignment owing to ionic conductivity anisotropy, Williams' Domains and dynamic scattering have been observed in the nematic phase of p-butyloxybenzoic acid which exhibits positive dielectric and conductivity anisotropies. This was observed for both dc and ac electric fields. Other nematic materials with positive dielectric anisotropies which do not show strong ac effects are discussed. The possibility of hydrogen bonds breaking at the transition temperature to account for a change in the microwave dielectric loss is mentioned.
Pathological gambling. A psychobiological study.

• We investigated psychobiological substrates of pathological gambling by measuring levels of norepinephrine, monoamine metabolites, and peptides in cerebrospinal fluid, plasma, and urine. Pathological gamblers had a significantly higher centrally produced fraction of cerebrospinal fluid levels of 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol as well as significantly greater urinary outputs of norepinephrine than controls. These results suggest that pathological gamblers may have a functional disturbance of the noradrenergic system. This system has been postulated to underlie sensation-seeking behaviors, aspects of which are thought to be abnormal among pathological gamblers.
When Everyone Gets What They Want: A Description of a Physical Education-Teacher Education Service-Learning Project

Abstract In recent years, an increase in collaborative efforts between university teacher education programs and schools has revived the service-learning movement. Yet, many faculty find it difficult to simultaneously address the tripartite responsibilities of research, service, and teaching without one or more components suffering. This article describes a partnership between university students enrolled in a physical education teaching methods course and alternative high school students that incorporates research, service, and teaching. The AIM-UTPB project offers program assistance by providing physical education instruction to students enrolled in a school with no physical education faculty or facility. As a result of this service, undergraduate students gain experience teaching at-risk students, graduate students assist in data coding and interpretation toward manuscript preparation, and AIM students earn credit toward graduation while setting foot in a higher education environment. The article integ...
New Algorithm for the Slant Transform

Two new algorithms that are more convenient for computation than existing ones for the slant transform are developed. These algorithms reveal the close relationship between the slant transform and the Walsh-Hadamard transform and demonstrate that the slant transform may be approached by a series of steps which gradually change the transform from a Hadamard or Walsh transform to a slant transform.
Defensive burying as a function of food and water deprivation

Three groups of albino rats were tested for defensive burying behavior under conditions of food deprivation, water deprivation, or satiation, respectively. Satiated subjects accumulated significantly more beddng material around the aversive stimulus and spent significantly more time engaged in defensive burying than did food- and water-deprived subjects. These results are compared with shock-elicited aggression results obtained under similar deprivation states.
Image-based measurement of periodic SPM trajectories

In this paper, measurement of periodic nano-scale scanning probe microscope (SPM) trajectories is achieved by extracting position information from images of standard SPM calibration samples. Image-based approaches have been applied to the measurement of low-speed effects and for the measurement and control of high-speed sinusoidal trajectories. The main contribution of this paper is the application of image-based methods to measure general periodic trajectories that can be represented by a truncated Fourier series. The image-based trajectory measurement approach is discussed in the context of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) example and simulation results are presented that show the validity of the developed method.
Caring for Vulnerable Populations: Curricula in U.S. Internal Medicine Residencies

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) encourages internal medicine training programs to include specific curricula devoted to health care issues of vulnerable populations. Our aim was to determine the prevalence of curricula involving selected vulnerable populations among U.S. Internal Medicine residencies. We conducted a survey of Program Directors of all US Internal Medicine Residencies assessing whether the program had a curriculum for six vulnerable populations (racial and ethnic minorities, non-English speaking patients, lesbians, gay men, victims of domestic violence and patients with substance abuse problems). Most residencies address substance abuse and victims of domestic violence, while there remains a lack of dedicated teaching on other vulnerable populations, including lesbians, gay men, racial and ethnic minorities and non-English speaking patients.
Using Structural Equation Modeling to Examine Group Differences in Assessment Booklet Designs with Sparse Data

The current research demonstrates the effectiveness of using structural equation modeling (SEM) for the investigation of subgroup differences with sparse data designs where not every student takes every item. Simulations were conducted that reflected missing data structures like those encountered in large survey assessment programs (e.g., National Assessment of Educational Progress). A maximum likelihood method of estimation was implemented that allowed all data to be used without performing any imputation. A multiple indicators multiple causes (MIMIC) model was used to examine group differences. There was no detriment to the estimation of the MIMIC model parameters under sparse data design conditions when compared to the design without missing data. The overall size of samples had more influence on the variability of estimates than did the data design.
Post‐processing of selective laser sintered metal parts

Gives a brief overview of post‐processing of selective laser sintered (SLS) metal parts to improve structural integrity and/or to induce a material transformation. Presents results which show the effect of post‐processing liquid phase sintering temperature and time on material properties. Describes the hot isostatic pressing process, and discusses its application to SLS metal parts. Results gained from using this process show that it is suitable for achieving almost full‐density parts.
Polymerization of Recombinant Hb S-Kempsey (Deoxy-R State) and Hb S-Kansas (Oxy-T State)

In order to investigate the role of the R (relaxed) to T (tense) structural transition in facilitating polymerization of deoxy-Hb S, we have engineered and expressed two Hb S variants which destabilize either T state (Hb S-Kempsey, α2β2Val-6, Asn-99) or R state structures (Hb S-Kansas, α2β2Val-6, Thr-102). Polymerization of deoxy-Hb S-Kempsey, which shows high oxygen affinity and increased dimer dissociation, required about 2- and 6-fold higher hemoglobin concentrations than deoxy-Hb S for polymerization in low and high phosphate concentrations, and its kinetic pattern of polymerization was biphasic. In contrast, oxy- or CO Hb S-Kansas, which shows low oxygen affinity and increased dimer dissociation, polymerized at a slightly higher critical concentration than that required for polymerization of deoxy-Hb S in both low and high phosphate buffers. Polymerization of oxy- and CO Hb S-Kansas was linear and showed no delay time, which is similar to oversaturated oxy- or CO Hb S. These results suggest that nuclei formation, which occurs during the delay time prior to deoxy-Hb S polymerization, does not occur in T state oxy-Hb S-Kansas, even though the critical concentration for polymerization of T state oxy-Hb S-Kansas is similar to that of T state deoxy-Hb S.
What Attitudes Do Educators Have about Student and Teacher Civil Rights

Educators are as liberal as the courts-about themselves. They are less liberal about students.
Game of Defending a Target: A Linear Quadratic Differential Game Approach

Abstract Pursuit-evasion (PE) differential games have recently received much attention in military applications involving adversaries. We extend the PE game problem to a problem of defending target, where the roles of the players are changed. The evader is to attack some fixed target, whereas the pursuer is to defend the target by intercepting the evader. We propose a practical strategy design approach based on the linear quadratic game theory with a receding horizon implementation. We prove the existence of solutions for the Riccati equations associated with games with simple dynamics. Simulation results justify the method.
GAY AND LESBIAN COACHES' TEAMS: DIFFERENCES IN LIKING BY MALE AND FEMALE FORMER SPORT PARTICIPANTS '

Previous literature suggests that men, more than women, both adhere to traditional gender beliefs and evaluate violators more harshly. Thus, within the heteronormative sport environment it was hypothesized that men's liking of a team coached by a gay or lesbian may be influenced more than women's liking. Respondents were college-age men (n=130) and women (n=98), former sport participants. Multivariate analysis of covariance (controlling for the presence of gay and lesbian friends and acquaintances) supported the hypothesis. Findings are discussed in terms of sports' heterosexual environment, adherence to gender-role norms, and motivational sexual prejudice.
Direct kinetic correlation of carriers and ferromagnetism in Co2+: ZnO.

In only a few cases have the key factors controlling long-range magnetic ordering in diluted magnetic semiconductors (DMSs) been unambiguously identified. In Ga1� xMnxAs, the identification and variation of critical experimental parameters has culminated in a testable microscopic model describing hole-mediated magnetic ordering in this and several related manganese-doped III-V semiconductors [1]. The recent discovery of high-Curietemperature (TC) ferromagnetism in doped oxide semiconductors has stimulated intense experimental and theoretical interest in these materials [2]. In contrast with Ga1� xMnxAs, a clear consensus has not yet been reached about the relationship between carriers (bound or free) and ferromagnetism in these doped oxides. Only through identification and systematic variation of key compositional parameters will a significant advance in the understanding of high-TC ferromagnetism in doped oxides be realized. In this Letter, we demonstrate that the native shallow donor interstitial zinc (Zni) is capable of activating high-TC ferromagnetism in Co 2� -doped ZnO (Co 2� : ZnO). The Zni concentration in an oriented epitaxial thin film of Co 2� : ZnO was systematically varied by controlled oxidative removal of these shallow donors at elevated temperatures. A direct correlation between the 300 K ferromagnetic saturation moment (MS) and the concentration of Zni was observed. The experimental activation barriers clearly identify the diffusion of Zni as the rate-determining process in the oxidative quenching of ferromagnetism in Co 2� : ZnO. These results provide conclusive evidence that the high-TC ferromagnetism in Co 2� : ZnO is mediated by
Indicators of leadership development in undergraduate military education

Despite the reputation of service academies and military colleges for producing leaders of character who serve as commissioned officers in America's armed forces, little is known about the actual effects these institutions have on the leadership development of their students. A two-step process, this cross-sectional study sought to investigate leadership development through the lens of the leadership identity development model as measured by the aptitude for commission grade. From a review of the military leadership curriculum at American service academies and military colleges, the initial phase of research established that leadership development occurred. The second phase used quantitative methods and a cross-sectional design to investigate the effects of peer ranking, cumulative grade point average, leadership grades, and varsity athletic participation on leadership development throughout four years of undergraduate education. Findings indicated that company ranking by peers was significant regardless of gender or ethnicity. Mixed significant findings resulted for grade point average, leadership grades, and varsity athletic participation when based on gender and self-identified minority status.
Evidence for cAMP-independent bTREK-1 inhibition by ACTH and NPS-ACTH in adrenocortical cells.

Abstract Bovine adrenal zona fasciculata (AZF) cells express bTREK-1 K + channels that are inhibited by ACTH through cAMP-dependent pathways. In whole cell patch clamp recordings from AZF cells, we found that ACTH may also inhibit bTREK-1 by a cAMP-independent mechanism. When the potent adenylyl cyclase (AC) antagonist 2,5-dideoxyadenosine-3′-triphosphate (2,5-dd-3′-ATP) was applied intracellularly through the patch pipette, bTREK-1 inhibition by the AC activator forskolin was blocked. In contrast, bTREK-1 inhibition by ACTH was unaltered. The selective G Sα antagonist NF449 also failed to blunt bTREK-1 inhibition by ACTH. At concentrations that produce little measurable increase in cAMP in bovine AZF cells, the O -nitrophenyl, sulfenyl-derivative of ACTH (NPS-ACTH) also inhibited bTREK-1 almost completely. Accordingly, 2,5-dd-3′-ATP at concentrations more than 1000× its reported IC 50 did not block bTREK-1 inhibition by NPS-ACTH. These results indicate that ACTH and NPS-ACTH can inhibit native bTREK-1 K + channels in AZF cells by a mechanism that does not involve activation of AC.
Statistical Characterization of Pultruded Composites with Natural Fiber Reinforcements – Part A: Fabrication

ABSTRACT The objectives of this research are to demonstrate the feasibility of using the cost-effective pultrusion process to manufacture high quality polymeric composites using natural fiber reinforcements (NFR) and to quantify mechanical property variability for these composites. Natural fiber reinforcements offer value added properties such as the beneficial environmental impact of these renewable resources and the less abrasive nature of the fibers for reduced tool wear and less skin irritation for workers. These initial pultrusion experiments utilized hybrid reinforcement of E-glass with hemp yarn or woven fabric. Statistical methods prescribed in Mil-HDBK-17-1E have been used to analyze the material property data to quantify the variability in properties of these composites.
Determination of technical support requirements of an office automation system

The Body & Chassis Engineering Department of Ford Motor Company recently formulated plans for greatly increasing (from 155 to 476) the number of Fortune engineering-workstation computers. This increase represents a vital step in the implementation of an office automation system. Systems-analysis personnel of the Department used discrete simulation as a tool to quantify the impact of this increase on the workload of technical support personnel. In turn, Department management used the results of these simulations to formulate a hiring plan consistent with the planned rate of terminal acquisition.
The impact of the recession on the wealth of older immigrant and native households in the United States

Using the 2006 and 2010 Health and Retirement Study, we explore how the recent recession impacted the wealth holding and retirement plans of older households in the United States. Of particular interest to us is whether the impact on household asset ownership, asset wealth and household retirement behavior varied with the nativity of the household and its standing in the wealth distribution prior to the onset of the recession. We find that the so-called Great Recession made a significant dent on the portfolios of older American households by eroding the value of specific assets to the point of delaying their planned retirement. Furthermore, its impacts were unevenly distributed across demographic and economic groups, with mixed and immigrant households in the middle and top wealth quartiles prior to the recession enduring significantly larger wealth losses than natives due, primarily, to their greater losses in primary housing ownership and primary housing values. JEL codes: D31; J26
The selection of nmr spectral features leading to the optimum classification of residue types in peracetylated oligosaccharide derivatives

Homo- and heteronuclear correlation spectroscopies have been used to completely assign the pyranosyl-ring-proton, the acetoxyl-carbonyl-carbon, and the acetoxyl-methyl-proton resonances of a variety of peracetylated α-mannosyl and β-N-acetylglucosaminyl containing di- and trisaccharide derivatives. The SIMCA class modeling algorithm and principal-component (PC) analysis were then used as a means of selecting from the data a subset of chemical shifts and coupling constants best characterizing residue types contained in new and previously assigned parent structures. It was found that between 3 and 5 of the original 15 NMR variables having the largest average interclass variances (largest discriminatory power) best described the characteristics of each residue type. Using these variable sets as a basis for the classification of residues according to the K -nearest-neighbor approach, less than 4% of the 52 “test residues” were misclassified. Both smaller and larger variable sets led to an increase in the number of misclassifications. PC plots of the data using as a basis an optimized set of variables show the potential for the classification of new datas according to the types of glycosidic linkages a residue makes to its nearest-neighbor residues.
A comparison of the LISREL and EQS programs for obtaining parameter estimates in confirmatory factor analysis studies

Recently, researchers in psychology have been provided with the techniques for confirming factor analytic structures. Many software packages are now available that provide the researcher with the ability to test factor structures and measurement models with some precision. However, the literature fails to provide the researcher with any comparison of the available software. This paper reviews the basic premise of confirmatory factor analysis and describes the use of two of the more popular software packages (e.g., LISREL and EQS) for obtaining parameter estimates. The two programs are then compared for similarity in estimates and ease of use.
The dimension of leaf closures of K-contact flows

For K-contact flows on (2n+1)-dimensional compact manifolds, we show that the dimension of any leaf closure is at most the smaller of (n+1) and 2n+1) minus the rank of the vector space of harmonic vector fields.
Chemical and ionization interferences in the atomic absorption spectrophotometric measurement of sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium.

Abstract Although chemical and ionization interferences significantly affect the atomic absorption signal of the alkali metals, suitable corrective measures permit accurate analysis of these elements. The observed interferences are affccted in opposite ways by flame temperature, chemical depression of absorption produced by anions decreasing, and ionization enhancement produced by cations increasing with increasing flame temperature. Anionic depression is small in an acetylene-air flame and moderately large in a propane-air flame, increasing in the sequence sulfate
Affluence cues and first impressions: Does it matter how the affluence was acquired?

To examine the effect of affluence source on person perception, 312 American undergraduates read one scenario that depicted either a man or a woman in one of six home settings: less affluent, affluent (source of affluence unspecified) or affluent, with affluence attributable to either promotions, entrepreneurial success, luck, or inheritance. Participants rated the scenario character on the Big Five Personality Factors and indicated their desire to have the character's lifestyle. Multivariate analyses of variance and subsequent tests revealed that people who acquired affluence via external means (particularly inheritance) were perceived as less conscientious and open to experience than people who acquired affluence via internal means (particularly entrepreneurial success). Sources of affluence had no influence on preference for an affluent lifestyle.
The influence of carbenoxolone on steroid-induced ulcer and mucus secretion in the rat.

In rats, gastric mucus was decreased by starvation. The administration of carbenoxolone sodium, prednisolone, or their combination to starved rats brought the level of gastric mucus to that of nonstarved controls. Concomitant treatment with carbenoxolone sodium did not prevent prednisolone-induced ulceration of the glandular stomach in starved rats. The ulcerations of the prostomach (squamous epithelium) induced by starvation were prevented by carbenoxolone sodium, prednisolone, or the combination of the two.
New Sharpness Properties, Algorithms and Complexity Bounds for Partitioning Shortest Path Procedures

Building on the framework of partitioning shortest path PSP algorithms, we introduce two new methods that exhibit different types of sharpness properties, based on a refinement of the sharpness concept of Shier and Witzgall. We show that the first of these two methods, which we classify as globally sharp, has a complexity bound that is superior to the complexity bound for the previous PSP algorithm, THRESH-S, that exhibits the same sharpness properties. The second new method, which we classify as globally scan-sharp, has a better bound and exhibits sharpness properties that are nearly as comprehensive. Finally, we discuss methods for identifying negative cycles that possess a time-sharpness property.
Representation of Spatial Relations on the Specific Test, Draw-A-Person-with-Face-in-Front, as Indicative of Literacy Skills in Australian Aboriginals and “Westerners”:

A novel test, Draw-A-Person-With-Face-In-Front, uses simple measurement with a ruler to detect subtle misrepresentation of spatial relations within the pattern of the human face (in contradistinction to facial recognition tests). Studies have repeatedly shown a close association between misrepresentation of the face and low or absent skills in widely diverse cultural populations and time periods. Recent criticism by Davidson that neglects to consider this particular test and the replications of similar results does not address the main point of my study of Australian Aboriginal children or the specification of remedial intervention made possible by fractionating factors of specific under-used capability within a cultural context.
Percent body fat estimations in college women using field and laboratory methods: a three-compartment model approach.

Background Methods used to estimate percent body fat can be classified as a laboratory or field technique. However, the validity of these methods compared to multiple-compartment models has not been fully established. This investigation sought to determine the validity of field and laboratory methods for estimating percent fat (%fat) in healthy college-age women compared to the Siri three-compartment model (3C).
Compositional variations among whole-rock fragments of the L6 chondrite Bruderheim

Twenty about 100-mg random fragments of the Bruderheim chondrite were analyzed by INAA to determine extents of heterogeneity and to check earlier results that gave anomalous LREE concentrations. Considerable compositional heterogeneity was observed in both concentrations (maximum/minimum of 1.7 for Ir, 1.8 for Na, 6.8 for La, 7.4 for Co) and concentration ratios (greater than 3 x for Ni/Co and La/Eu). Compositions could be modeled quantitatively in terms of end-member components of constant composition representing the minerals olivine + orthopyroxene, clinopyroxene, plagioclase, kamacite, taenite, troilite, chromite, and phosphate. The model yields the proportions of minerals in each sample as well as the meteorite as a whole; accurate determination of the end members depends on high intrasample precision for many elements. No evidence of compositional heterogeneity of end members for trace elements was found. It is shown that these analyses, which used only about 2 grams of the meteorite, are equivalent in accuracy to a single sample of several tens of grams, and that knowledge of the extent of heterogeneity is essential to knowing the quality of sampling as well as for comparing results from one analysis with another and of one meteorite with another.
Effect of Cooling Rate on the Tensile Yield Strength and Ductility Of B2 Compound in Nb-40at.% Ti-15at.%Al Alloy

The effect of cooling rate on the tensile properties of specimens of the Nb-40Ti-15A1 alloy (in at.%) subjected to various heat treatments has been studied. This alloy has the B2 crystal structure and an order-disorder transition temperature between 1020°C and 1100°C. Two heat treatments have been carried out; the first one involves an 1100°C/1hr heat treatment followed by furnace cooling, air cooling or water quenching. The second type of heat treatment involves re-heating the furnace-cooled and water-quenched specimens at 400°C for 10 minutes or 900°C for 30 minutes, followed by either furnace cooling or water quenching. Tensile properties, SEM fractographs and microstructures of these specimens have been assessed. It is shown that specimens furnace-cooled from 1100°C have higher strength and less ductility than the water quenched ones. An observed microstructural feature associated with cooling rates is the difference in anti-phase domain (APD) size. Discussions are focused on possible cooling rate related phenomena that could affect the tensile properties. It is proposed that the degree of long range ordering, not the APD size, is the dominant factor for the observed cooling rate effect on the tensile properties.
Rational points on compactifications of semi-simple groups

We prove Manin's conjecture concerning the distribution of rational points of bounded height, and its refinement by Peyre, for wonderful compactifications of semi-simple algebraic groups over number fields. The proof proceeds via the study of the associated height zeta function and its spectral expansion.
Protein kinase C-epsilon is necessary for erythropoietin's up-regulation of c-myc and for factor-dependent DNA synthesis. Evidence for discrete signals for growth and differentiation.

Erythropoietin regulates the transcription of the protooncogenes c-myc and c-myb by discrete protein kinase C (PKC)-dependent and protein serine/threonine phosphatase-dependent pathways, respectively (Spangler, R., Bailey, S. C., and Sytkowski, A. J. (1991) J. Biol. Chem. 266, 681-684; Patel H. R, Choi H.-S, and Sytkowski A. J. (1992) J. Biol. Chem. 267, 21300-21302). In the present study we demonstrate that up-regulation of c-myc requires the PKC-e isoform and that this pathway is required for erythropoietin-induced DNA synthesis (growth) but apparently not for β-globin expression (differentiation). Treatment of Rauscher murine erythroleukemia cells resulted in phosphorylation of phospholipase C-γ1 and activation of PKC-e as evidenced by its translocation from soluble to particulate subcellular fractions. Artificial down-regulation of PKC-e with antisense oligodeoxynucleotides blocked erythropoietin's up-regulation of c-myc in a concentration-dependent manner. In contrast, antisense oligodeoxynucleotides to PKC-α, -β, -γ, -δ, and -ζ had no effect. Although down-regulation of PKC-e blocked the increase in c-myc expression, it did not inhibit erythropoietin induction of β-globin expression, a marker of erythroid differentiation. However, down-regulation of PKC-e did block factor-dependent DNA synthesis quantified by measurement of [3H]thymidine incorporation into newly synthesized DNA of normal murine erythroid cells. The results are consistent with discrete intracellular signals regulating erythroid cell growth and differentiation.
Effect of environmental humidity on the friction/stiction and durability of lubricated magnetic thin-film disks

AbstractDrag and CSS (contact start and stop) tests were conducted to study the effects of the degree of chemical bonding of the lubricant and environmental humidity on the friction/stiction and durability of the head-disk interface. Disks with untreated, partially bonded and fully bonded films of a polar perfluoropolyether lubricant were tested at different levels of humidity. Static friction is low for unlubricated disks and disks with a fully bonded lubricant film as compared to disks with untreated and partially bonded lubricant films. Static friction gradually increases with an increase in the relative humidity and the effect of humidity at high humidity values is more pronounced in the case of disks with untreated and partially bonded lubricant films. At high humidities, durability is low for all lubricated disks but is high for unlubricated disks, as compared to that at low humidities. At low humidities, durability in drag tests is more sensitive to the degree of bonded fraction than that in the CS...
Insight into the allosteric mechanism of Scapharca dimeric hemoglobin.

Allosteric regulation is an essential function of many proteins that control a variety of different processes such as catalysis, signal transduction, and gene regulation. Structural rearrangements have historically been considered the main means of communication between different parts of a protein. Recent studies have highlighted the importance, however, of changes in protein flexibility as an effective way to mediate allosteric communication across a protein. Scapharca dimeric hemoglobin (HbI) is the simplest possible allosteric system, with cooperative ligand binding between two identical subunits. Thermodynamic equilibrium studies of the binding of oxygen to HbI have shown that cooperativity is an entropically driven effect. The change in entropy of the system observed upon ligand binding may arise from changes in the protein, the ligand, or the water of the system. The goal of this study is to determine the contribution of the change in entropy of the protein backbone to HbI cooperative binding. Mole...
Nonlinearly transformed baseband filters for optical pattern recognition

The real part of the linear matched filter is nonlinearly transformed. Various types of filter including binary phase-only filters are produced by varying the severity of the nonlinearity.
Dopaminergic factors in human prolactin regulation: a pituitary model for the study of a neuroendocrine system in man.

This study in normal male subjects further investigates the effects of dopaminergic-antidopaminergic interactions as manifested by the prolactin response to dopamine and neuroleptic drugs. Incremental doses of dopamine hydrochloride (4 μg/min, 15 μg/min, 60 μg/min, 300 μg/min) were infused fused at a constant rate over 90–120 min after a fixed dose of a neuroleptic drug (sufficient for about half of the maximal prolactin response) had been given IV. A dose of dopamine in the order of 15–60 μg/min appeared to match the “los” of endogenous dopaminergic inhibition due to the antidopaminergic effect of the neuroleptic drug. The lactotrophic cells of the pituitary gland are suggested to serve as a model in man for the study of some basic neurohormonal mechanisms.
The role of rehabilitative modalities and exercise in Parkinson's disease.

lthough medications are helpful in the reduction of Parkinsonian ymptoms, exercise should be given equal importance to ensure optimal obility. Because the majority of those who have Parkinson’s disease PD) fall into the geriatric age bracket, they are also vulnerable to ge-related problems resulting in loss of mobility along with progression f PD. It is known that by the 7th and 8th decade of life, individuals lose 0% to 40% of their strength which in and of itself can lead to some isability. Fortunately, it is estimated that 5% to 40% of that loss can be egained with exercise. A common misconception among PD patients is hat their disease makes them “weak.” Patients often report feelings of weakness,” which is more often correlated with their difficulty in ovement (rigidity, bradykinesia, etc.) and not true muscular weakness. atients need to be educated that Parkinson’s disease by itself does not ause weakness. In reality, it is the lack of activity that results in a loss of trength which accelerates the loss of mobility. Typically, when this is xplained to patients, there is a sense of relief. They now can control some spect of their disease and not simply remain a bystander. One study xamined the relationships between physical disability, depression, conrol beliefs, and quality of life in people with PD. They concluded that aving some sense of control predicted quality of life in individuals with D even when depression and physical disability were included in the odel. All of the therapies (Occupational, Physical, and Speech) in their wn way can guide the PD population into a greater sense of control, hich is a critical component of their psychological and physical well eing. Parkinson’s disease results in a lack of automaticity in movement, alance, and speech. A large part of rehabilitative therapies is to educate he PD patient how to compensate for this lack of automaticity. One can peculate that with increased concentrated effort, an alternate neuronal
Inhibition of drug efflux pumps in Staphylococcus aureus: Current status of potentiating existing antibiotics

The emergence of multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus coupled with a declining output of new antibiotic treatment options from the pharmaceutical industry is a growing worldwide healthcare problem. Multidrug efflux pumps are known to play a role in antibiotic and biocide resistance in S. aureus. These membrane transporters are capable of extruding drugs and other structurally unrelated compounds, hence decreasing intracellular concentration and increasing survival. Coadministration of efflux pump inhibitors (EPIs) with antibiotics that are pump substrates could increase intracellular drug levels, thus bringing renewed efficacy to existing antistaphylococcal agents. Numerous EPIs have been identified or synthesized over the past two decades; these include existing pharmacologic drugs, naturally occurring compounds, and synthetic derivatives thereof. This review describes the current progress in EPI development for use against S. aureus.
School-as-Community Activity Selection at Continuation High Schools

This paper describes two studies which together provide an example of an empirically based “school-as-community” development process used in a large-scale school-based drug use prevention trial among youth at continuation high schools in California. First, we generated a list of schools' current community involvement from 96 school personnel and 144 students from 20 continuation high schools. Second, we reduced the number of activities indicated, with some discussion, to a list of 12 populars. Then, we administered this list to a total of 388 students from six continuation high schools who provided perceived quality ratings. We generated six categories of activities from the results of these two studies. These studies reveal a means to determine activities likely to be completed by this school system and a means to limit the variability of activities which could be manipulated in an experimental trial involving a school-as-community component.
Type I thyroplasty: Pitfalls of modifying the Isshiki approach.How I do it

The Isshiki type I thyroplasty medializes the membranous portion of the vocal fold. Since its introduction into this country more than 10 years ago, several authors have reported modifications of the Isshiki approach primarily for the purpose of speeding the operation and "simplifying" the procedure. The major modifications have included: (a) incision, versus retraction, of the strap muscles; (b) removing the window external perichondrium; (c) varying the placement and size of the window and prosthesis; (d) removal of the window cartilage; (e) fiberoptic versus nonvisualization of the larynx intraoperatively; (f) incision of the inner perichondrium; and (d) use of silastic block substitutes. The principles of Isshiki's original technique will be reiterated in the ongoing discussion, and the reasons for not modifying certain aspects of the technique will be examined from the standpoint of complications and negative impact that manifest when modification is done.
Polarization capacitance in ionic solids

Recent experimental results have helped make it possible to discuss ac polarization capacitance in solids in terms of the static differential capacitance. The status of the space charge theory is reviewed. The conventional static space charge capacitance treatment is extended to larger voltages by use of a treatment due to Grimley. Other sources of polarization capacitance in solids are discussed. The resultant picture, together with considerations of resistive drop, show why the large ac amplitude nonlinearities predicted in the past may not in fact be experimentally observed. Neue experimentelle Ergebnisse machen es moglich, die Wechselstrom-Polarisationskapazitat in Festkorpern in Form einer statischen differentiellen Kapazitat zu diskutieren. Es wird ein Uberblick uber den Stand der Raumladungstheorie gegeben. Die konventionelle Behandlung der statischen Raumladungskapazitat wird nach der Methode von Grimley zu hoheren Spannungen ausgedehnt. Andere Quellen einer Polarisationskapazitat in Festkorpern werden diskutiert. Zusammen mit der Berucksichtigung des Ohmschen Spannungsabfalls zeigt das resultierende Bild, warum die grosen Nichtlinearitaten der Wechselstromamplitude, die in der Vergangenheit vorausgesagt worden waren, in der Tat experimentell nicht beobachtet werden konnen.
An Examination of Errors in Children's Visual and Haptic-Tactual Memory for Random Forms

Hypotheses were advanced that (a) errors of omission would occur more frequently than errors of commission, and (b) errors would be related to stimulus complexity. Forty-eight children, 12 boys and 12 girls from each grades 1 and 3 were given a memory task for recognition of random polygons of 4, 8, 12, 16, and 20 sides; these forms were presented either visually or haptically. Visual memory was found to be superior to haptic memory, and performance on both tasks improved with age. Analyses of error-type and sideness, the two major variables of a priori interest, indicated support for both hypotheses. The curvilinear relationship between errors and sideness suggested difficulty in identifying shapes of intermediate complexity.
The effect of pelvic organ prolapse severity on improvement in overactive bladder symptoms after pelvic reconstructive surgery

This study evaluates the effect of baseline pelvic organ prolapse (POP) severity on improvement in overactive bladder (OAB) symptoms after pelvic reconstructive surgery. We performed a retrospective cohort study of women with POP and OAB who underwent surgical correction of symptomatic apical and/or anterior POP. OAB was defined as an affirmative response to item #15 (urinary frequency) and/or item #16 (urge incontinence) of the Pelvic Floor Distress Inventory (PFDI). POP severity was dichotomized as Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification (POP-Q) stage 1–2 versus stage 3–4. Our primary outcome was complete resolution or improvement of urinary frequency or urge incontinence on the PFDI 12 months postoperatively. At 12 months postoperative, 41 (89%) women with stage 1–2 POP versus 47 (85 %) with stage 3–4 POP reported improvement in urinary frequency (p = 0.58). Thirty five (90 %) with stage 1–2 and 34 (85 %) with stage 3–4 POP reported improvement in urge incontinence (p = 0.74). On multiple logistic regression, women with stage 3–4 POP had a decreased odds of improvement in frequency or urge incontinence compared with women with stage 1–2 POP (adjusted odds ration [AOR] = 0.06 [95 % CI 0.01–0.67]), after adjusting for confounders. Women with coexisting POP and OAB who undergo surgical correction of POP experience improvement in OAB symptoms after surgery, although women with more severe POP may be at a higher risk of persistent frequency or urge incontinence.
Quantitative Determination of Plasma C8–C26 Total Fatty Acids for the Biochemical Diagnosis of Nutritional and Metabolic Disorders

We have developed a capillary gas chromatography-electron-capture negative-ion mass spectrometry (GC/MS) method for the quantitative determination of C8-C26 total fatty acids in plasma. Following hydrolysis, hexane extraction, and derivatization with pentafluorobenzyl bromide, fatty acid esters are analyzed in two steps: a splitless injection and a second, split injection (1:100) for the quantitation of the more abundant long-chain species. Fourteen saturated and 25 unsaturated fatty acids are quantified by selected ion monitoring in ratio to 13 stable-isotope-labeled internal standards. Calibrations exhibit consistent linearity and reproducibility. Intraassay (n = 17) and interassay (n = 12) CVs ranged from 2.5 to 13.2% and from 4.6 to 22.9%, respectively. Recoveries ranged from 76 to 106%. Reference ranges were established for four age groups ( 18 years) and compared to specimens from patients with nutritional deficiency of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids, inborn errors of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, and peroxisomal disorders. Retrospective evaluation of the concentration of linoleic acid in 35 cases with a diagnosis of essential fatty acid deficiency previously made by gas chromatographic analysis with flame ionization detection (GC/FID) found a specificity and sensitivity of only 55 and 50%, respectively, for the GC/FID method when compared to GC/MS.
Use of Amifostine, a Novel Cytoprotective, in α-Amanitin Poisoning

Background. Mortality from ingestions of the mushroom Amanita phalloides remains as high as 20–40% with many surviving patients requiring liver transplantation. A variety of treatments for Amanita ...
A three-dimensional nonlinear analysis of cross-ply rectangular composite plates

The results of a three-dimensional, geometrically nonlinear, finite-element analysis of the bending of cross-ply laminated anisotropic composite plates are presented. Individual laminae are assumed to be homogeneous, orthotropic and linearly elastic. A fully three-dimensional isoparametric finite element with eight nodes (i.e. linear element) and 24 degrees of freedom (three displacement components per node) is used to model the laminated plate. The finite element results of the linear analysis are found to agree very well with the exact solutions of cross-ply laminated rectangular plates under sinusoidal loading. The finite element results of the three-dimensional, geometrically nonlinear analysis are compared with those obtained by using a shear deformable, geometrically nonlinear, plate theory. It is found that the deflections predicted by the shear deformable plate theory are in fair agreement with those predicted by three-dimensional elasticity theory; however stresses were found to be not in good agreement.
A GEOMETRIC CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM FOR 2 × 2 INTERVAL-SYMMETRIC GAMES

Assessment of comparability among experimental game studies is aided by a two-dimensional geometric classification system for all 2 × 2 games which “look the same,” up to a linear transformation, to the two players. Each game is represented as a point on a plane whose two coordinates, r3 and r4, are readily calculated from the entries of the game matrix. Spatial location of the various games on the (r3, r4) plane is shown to be related to (a) the ordinal relationships among the payoffs, (b) the availability of alternation strategies, (c) the ordinal relationships among the joint outcomes, (d) the probability of a cooperative choice in the Prisoner's Dilemma, and (e) the set of perceived games which might arise from a given set of experimenter-defined payoffs for subjects attempting to maximize different linear combinations of own and other's payoffs. The system is easily adapted to classification of games on the basis of any interval-scale property of interest.
Channel gating governed symmetrically by conserved leucine residues in the M2 domain of nicotinic receptors

IN nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR), as well as glycine, GABA_A (γ-aminobutyric acid), serotonin (5-HT_3), and GluCl glut-amate receptors, a leucine residue at the approximate midpoint of the M2 transmembrane domain (the 9′ position) is conserved across most known subunits. Structural data for the nAChR suggest that the Leu 9′ residues occupy a 'kink' in each of the five M2 helices and point into the closed channel; in the opening step, the M2 helices rotate so that Leu 9′ side chains no longer occlude the conduction pathway. Mutation of Leu 9′ to one of several other residues slows desensitization and increases sensitivity to agonist. We have exploited the α_2βγδ stoichiometry of muscle nAChR to express receptors with m_s^* = 0 to 5 Leu 9′Ser mutated subunits. Strikingly, each Leu 9′Ser mutation shifts the dose-response relation for ACh to the left by ˜10-fold; a nAChR with m_s^* = 4 is 10^4-fold more sensitive than the wild type. The results suggest that each of the five Leu 9′ residues participates independently and symmetrically in a key step in the structural transition between the closed and open states.