cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Advances in kinase inhibition: treating rheumatic diseases and beyond

Purpose of review Kinases inhibitors are now used for the treatment of autoimmune diseases. Here, the most recent findings related to their mechanism of action and some of the newest molecules and targets which are being investigated for autoimmune and inflammatory disorders are reviewed. Recent findings Similarly to p38 inhibitors, current spleen tyrosine kinase inhibitors have not fulfilled the expectations of researchers and clinicians, and will likely not be used therapeutically in autoimmunity. Bruton's tyrosine kinase inhibitors remain in the preclinical phase. Studies on the mechanism of action of successful Janus kinase (Jak) inhibitors have revealed that, apart from T and B cells, bone cells such as osteoclasts and innate immunity cells such as dendritic cells are positively affected. More specific, novel Jak inhibitors are now in clinical trials and newer Jak inhibitors are being developed. Other kinases are emerging from basic studies as potentially druggable and will surely be investigated. Summary First-generation pan-Jak inhibitors can be useful for a wide variety of diseases. They act on adaptive as well as innate immune cells and can promote tolerance. More specific inhibitors will soon be available and these may be used in a disease-specific manner.
RESEARCH FOCUS: Infrequent, large-magnitude debris flows are important agents of landscape change

How do surface processes shape the landscapes in which we live? Is it the every-day flow of rivers that gently, yet persistently, erodes and transports sediment from highlands to ocean basins, dissecting the land surface into networks of ridges and valleys? Or is it cataclysmic events of incredible
Analysis of the Morbidity Data of Virus Hepatitis B in Huadian City during 1993—2006

[Objective]To establish and improve the preventive measures against hepatitis B,explore and evaluate the prevention effect and provide evidence for the improvement of hepatitis B management.[Methods] Analysis was made on the morbidity situation of reported hepatitis B in Huadian City during 1993—2006.[Results] 1 893 cases were reported during the 14 years with an annual morbidity of 30.35/lakh,which indicated a decreasing tendency.[Conclusion] Hepatitis B management should be continued,the infectious route is to be cut off,self immunity of the high risk population is expected to be improved;the morbidity of hepatitis B should be decreased.
Mixed Methods Research: What are the Key Issues to Consider?

Mixed methods research MMR is increasingly becoming a popular methodological approach in several fields due to the promise it holds for comprehensive understanding of complex problems being researched. However, researchers interested in MMR often lack reference to a guide that can explain the key issues pertaining to the paradigm wars influencing MMR, different objectives of MMR, choice of MMR designs, and articulation of research questions in MMR. This paper addresses that gap through providing a peek into these issues through illustrative examples. This brief introduction to MMR is meant to encourage readers to delve deeper into the MMR literature and make informed decisions in designing and implementing MMR studies.
Grain-to-Grain Compositional Variations and Phase Segregation in Copper-Zinc-Tin-Sulfide Films.

We have performed a rigorous investigation of the structure and composition of individual grains in copper–zinc–tin–sulfide (CZTS) films realized by sulfurization of a sputtered metal stack. Although on average close to the ideal CZTS stoichiometry, elemental analysis shows significant grain-to-grain variations in composition. High-resolution Raman spectroscopy indicates that this is accompanied by grain-to-grain structural variations as well. The intensity from the 337 cm–1 Raman peak, generally assigned to the kesterite phase of CZTS, remains constant over a large area of the sample. On the other hand, signals from secondary phases at 376 cm–1 (copper–tin–sulfide) and 351 cm–1 (zinc–sulfide) show significant variation over the same area. These results confirm the great complexity inherent to this material system. Moreover, structural and compositional variations are recognized in the literature as a factor limiting the efficiency of CZTS photovoltaic devices. This study demonstrates how a seemingly homo...
Motivators and Influences on American Indian Adolescent Alcohol Use and Binge Behavior: A Qualitative Exploration

ABSTRACTWe explore the four-class drinking motives model within the context of peer and family influence on American Indian (AI) adolescent alcohol use, specifically binge behavior. A qualitative cross-sectional case-control study design was utilized; in-depth interviews were collected with 38 AI adolescents from one tribal community. Results suggest a three-class model more accurately captures drinking motives among cases and that family influence is as important as peer. Cases weren't connected to school whereas controls were strongly attached, and engaged in extracurricular programs. Adolescents illuminated culturally relevant prevention strategies that are family based, teach coping skills, and promote school bonding and structured community-based activity.
Sexuality and Sexual Health

Within the context of inpatient psychiatric settings, the sexuality and sexual health of patients remains a controversial issue in both clinical practice and the research community. Specifically, practitioners’ views on sexuality range from those which regard sexuality as a potential distraction to ongoing psychiatric management, to views that attention to issues of sexuality and its expression is an important element of recovery-based care. To fully address this issue, this chapter will cover the history of sexuality within the context of the psychiatric unit, examine existing tensions between staff attitudes toward inpatient sexuality, discuss current hospital policies, and identify risks associated with sexual autonomy on the inpatient unit. Additionally, several issues relevant to sexual expression, namely, the impact of psychiatric symptoms, substance use, and psychotropic medication on sexuality, will be explored as it relates to the recovery model of mental health. In keeping with the principles of the recovery model, this chapter will also cover other factors that affect patient quality of life and sexuality, such as past and current research on different aspects of sexuality, reproductive health, and family planning in individuals admitted to an inpatient will be explored. The chapter concludes with the call for continued research and discussion upon the sexuality and sexual health of patients within inpatient psychiatric settings.
Sexual Orientation Disparities in the Use of Emerging Drugs.

ABSTRACTBackground: Prescription drug, e-cigarette, smokeless tobacco, and synthetic marijuana use has risen dramatically in the United States over the past decade. Objectives: This paper investigates the use of risky substances among adolescents, and examines disparities between sexual minority (i.e., mostly heterosexual and lesbian, gay, bisexual; LGB) and heterosexual adolescents in use of novel and emerging substances. Given the public health risk and the imminence of these substances in the media, emerging drug use was examined in a county wide sample of adolescents in a Southern state. Methods: A probability sample of middle and high school students (N = 3012; ages 11–18) using random cluster methods was obtained in a mid-sized school district in the Southeastern United States. Results: LGB adolescents reported higher past-30 day and lifetime use of cigarettes (AORs =2.77, 2.90, respectively), smokeless tobacco (lifetime only: AOR = 1.88), e-cigarettes (lifetime only; AOR = 1.92), alcohol (AORs = 1....
Placebo and Pain

Placebos and their effects have been described in medical literature for at least two centuries, but the complex neurological mechanisms responsible for it are still unknown.
Development and Implementation of an Optimization Model for Hydropower and Total Dissolved Gas in the Mid-Columbia River System

AbstractManaging energy, water, and environmental priorities and constraints within a cascade hydropower system is a challenging multiobjective optimization effort that requires advanced modeling a...
Assessment of transition readiness in adolescents and young adults with chronic health conditions.

Transition from pediatric to adult health care is a vulnerable period for adolescents and young adults. Challenges include paucity of validated measures to assess patients’ transition readiness. We evaluated the Transition Readiness Assessment Questionnaire (TRAQ) in adolescents and young adults with rheumatic, gastrointestinal, and endocrine disorders. We examined whether baseline TRAQ scores and other demographic variables predicted transition to adult care over a three year follow up period. In this descriptive study at a single institution, eighty-nine adolescents at a single pediatric academic medical center completed demographic and medical history surveys and the TRAQ and were followed over 3 years by telephone interview to determine whether they had transitioned to adult subspecialty care. Transition was defined as attending at least one adult subspecialty appointment. Multivariable logistic regression and Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to determine whether TRAQ scores predicted time to transition. Of the participants, 56% had rheumatic, 21% endocrine, and 23% gastrointestinal conditions. The TRAQ self-management domain score was not significantly associated with age, gender, socioeconomic status, or specialty. The TRAQ self-advocacy score increased with age. Baseline TRAQ scores did not predict transition or time to transition over three years. In this cohort of adolescents and young adults who were 16 to 23 years of age at enrollment, 48% transitioned to adult care over three years of follow up. Nearly half reported not discussing transition with provider or seeing provider independently for part of visit. Older age but not other demographic variables nor baseline TRAQ score predicted transition or time to transition to an adult subspecialty provider; however, a there was a trend towards shorter time to transition with the highest quartile TRAQ scores.
Authoritarian populism contra "Bildung": anti-intellectualism and the neoliberal assault on the Liberal Arts / Populismo autoritário contra "Bildung": o anti-intelectualismo e o assalto neoliberal contra as artes liberais

A synergistic movement is taking place in American society combining authoritarian populism, the neoliberal transformation of the university, and anti-intellectualism. In the first part of this paper, I pin my notion of intellectualism (and hence anti-intellectualism) to a specific frame of reference, namely the German notion of "Bildung" as it is discussed in writings of Nietzsche and Adorno, which I associate loosely with the traditional American liberal arts model of higher education. In the second part of the paper, I outline the neoliberal assault on the liberal arts, rooting my analysis in Wendy Brown’s work, which is influenced by Foucault. In the third part of the paper, I describe the relationship of this anti-intellectualism to the rise of populism and the threat of authoritarianism in the United States. In the final section I tie the discussion into the general analysis of Horkheimer and Adorno’s analysis of fascist tendencies in liberal-democracies, emphasizing the continued relevance of their ideas to contemporary developments in education and beyond. Keywords : Liberal arts; Neoliberalism; Intellectuals; Populism; Authoritarianism. RESUMO : Um movimento sinergico esta ocorrendo na sociedade norte-americana combinando populismo autoritario, transformacao neoliberal da universidade e anti-intelectualismo. Na primeira parte deste artigo, proponho minha nocao de intelectualismo (e, portanto, de anti-intelectualismo) a partir de um quadro especifico de referencia, especialmente a noca alema de "Bildung" (tal como discutida nos escritos de Nietzsche e Adorno) que eu associo livremente com o tradicional modelo de artes liberais norte-americano de ensino superior. Na segunda parte deste texto, destaco o assalto neoliberal sobre as artes liberais, fundamentando minha analise no trabalho de Wendy Brown, que e influenciada por Foucault. Na terceira parte do texto, descrevo a relacao do anti-intelectualismo com a ascensao do populismo e a ameaca do autoritarismo nos Estados Unidos. Na secao final, relaciono a discussao com a analise geral de Horkheimer e Adorno sobre as tendencias fasicstas nas demorcacias liberais, enfatizando a continua relevância de suas ideias para os desenvolvimentos contemporâneos na educacao e alem. Palavras-chave : Artes liberais; Neoliberalismo; Intelectuais; Populismo; Autoritarismo.
Grounded Theory Research Design: An Investigation into Practices and Procedures

ABSTRACTWe engaged in a 3-phase meta-methodology review of grounded theory research design and practices referenced in the literature, which were validated by an expert sample. Following an initial...
Lethal and sublethal responses of native mussels (Unionidae: Lampsilis siliquoidea and Lampsilis higginsii) to elevated carbon dioxide

Levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) that have been proposed for aquatic invasive species control (24 000 – 96 000 μatm partial pressure of CO2 (PCO2); 1 atm = 101.325 kPa) were tested on two juvenile mussels, the fatmucket (Lampsilis siliquoidea) and the US federally endangered Higgins’ eye (Lampsilis higginsii). A suite of responses (survival, growth, behavior, and gene expression) were measured after 28 days of exposure to CO2 and 14 days postexposure. The 28-day LC20 (concentration lethal to 20% of organisms) was lower for L. higginsii (31 800 μatm PCO2, 95% confidence interval (CI) 15 000 – 42 800 μatm) than for L. siliquoidea (58 200 μatm PCO2, 95% CI 45 200 – 68 100 μatm). Treatment-related reductions occurred in all measures of growth and condition. Expression of chitin synthase, key for shell formation, was downregulated at 28 days of exposure. Carbon dioxide caused narcotization and movement to the substrate surface of mussels, behaviors that could increase mortality by predation and displacement. We ...
Emerging nanofabrication and quantum confinement techniques for 2D materials beyond graphene

Recent advances in growth techniques have enabled the synthesis of high-quality large area films of 2D materials beyond graphene. As a result, nanofabrication methods must be developed for high-resolution and precise processing of these atomically thin materials. These developments are critical both for the integration of 2D materials in complex, integrated circuitry, as well as the creation of sub-wavelength and quantum-confined nanostructures and devices which allow the study of novel physical phenomena. In this review, we summarize recent advances in post-synthesis nanopatterning and nanofabrication techniques of 2D materials which include (1) etching techniques, (2) atomic modification, and (3) emerging nanopatterning techniques. We detail novel phenomena and devices which have been enabled by the recent advancement in nanofabrication techniques and comment on future outlook of 2D materials beyond graphene.
On the Honda - Kaneko Congruences

Several years ago, Kaneko experimentally observed certain congruences for the Fourier coefficients of a weakly holomorphic modular form modulo powers of primes. Recently, Kaneko and Honda proved that a special case of these congruences, namely, the congruences modulo single primes. In this chapter, we consider this weakly holomorphic modular form in the framework of the theory of mock modular forms, and prove a limit version of these congruences.
Phytoliths as Tracers of Recent Environmental Change

Phytoliths are more widespread, accessible, and characteristic of a local area than other terrestrial vegetation proxies. Despite work on recent soil and Cenozoic paleosol phytolith assemblages, environmental applications lag significantly behind their potential in terms of temporal resolution. Modern soil phytolith assemblages, aboveground vegetation, and soil features from Inceptisols with known vegetation and environmental histories were sampled in order to develop methods for describing rapid environmental change events at a high temporal resolution. Samples included agricultural fields, fluvial meanders, and wildfire sites. In each case, soil phytolith assemblages were unrepresentative of current vegetation but were characteristic of the known environmental history. As a result, rapid changes in land use or environment are identifiable in phytolith assemblages; agricultural sites can be identified by Ap horizons and grass phytoliths, fluvial meanders by weakly developed soils with channel features and spatial phytolith gradients, and wildfire sites by charcoal bodies and bimodal phytolith assemblages. These sites also provide rates of change, specific to each type of environmental change. An ecosystem experiencing wildfires changes assemblages rapidly (1–2 % per year), while change resulting from channel migration occurs slightly slower (~ 0.5 % per year), and that from field abandonment occurs significantly slower (< 0.25 % per year). These methods can be applied to paleovegetation reconstructions, providing additional environmental information and higher-resolution vegetation interpretations. Along with more work on spatial and depth-profile sampling, these results will allow high temporal resolution for environmental and vegetation change records both in the modern and throughout the Cenozoic era.
Hepatic encephalopathy impacts the predictive value of the Fried Frailty Index.

Frailty is increasingly recognized as a predictor of poor outcomes in solid organ transplantation. The most widely utilized frailty tool, the Fried Frailty Index (FFI), includes patient-reported exhaustion, weight loss, and physical activity as well as measured walk speed and handgrip. Although hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is common among liver transplant candidates, data are lacking regarding its impact on the interpretation of frailty. We prospectively enrolled 685 patients with cirrhosis during their transplant evaluation, following them until death or transplantation. Our cohort was aged 54.5 ± 10.3 years, 60% male, with an average MELD score of 14.7 ± 6.3. A history of HE was present in 39%. Frailty was present in 41%, associated with higher MELD, low albumin, ascites, and HE. HE was associated with frail performance on three components of the FFI-grip (odds ratio 1.41 95% CI, 1.03-1.92), walk speed (1.56 95% CI, 1.14-2.15), and decreased energy (1.44 95% CI, 1.05-1.99). These three components were associated with transplant free survival in the whole cohort: energy (hazard ratio 1.67 95% CI, 1.25-2.28), grip (1.63 95% CI, 1.24-2.16), and walk speed (1.56 95% CI, 1.19-2.04). However, among patients with HE, the FFI was not associated with survival. HE plays a critical role in the frailty phenotype and the implications of frailty among patients with cirrhosis evaluated for liver transplantation.
Connecting caregivers to support: Lessons learned from the VA caregiver support program

Development and evaluation of supportive caregiver interventions has become a national priority. This study's aim was to evaluate how caregivers participating in the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) Caregiver Support Program (CSP) use and value supportive services. Qualitative semi-structured interviews (N = 50 caregivers) were the core of a mixed-methods design, and surveys (N = 160) were supplemental. Caregivers who had used CSP services valued emotional, functional, and health care navigational support, calling support groups and the program coordinator their "lifeline." However, many described a lack of connection with the program-not knowing about or successfully engaging in program services-and needed more information about available resources. Caregivers in rural areas or caring for individuals with specific diseases reported needing tailored services to meet their unique needs. Policy makers and practitioners should proactively promote supportive services for caregivers. Future research should explore strategies for reducing barriers to accessing tailored support to meet the needs of a diverse caregiver population.
Low rate of iatrogenic complications during unicompartmental knee arthroplasty with two semiautonomous robotic systems.

Abstract Background Intraoperative complications due to utilization of robotic assistance during unicompartmental knee arthroplasty have not been reported. While inadvertent soft tissue injury has been reported during total knee and hip arthroplasty with autonomous style robotic systems, the incidence of these problems with semiautonomous (i.e. surgeon-driven) systems is unknown. Methods We report on a series of 1064 consecutive unicompartmental knee arthroplasties performed by one surgeon with either one of two commercially available semiautonomous robotic systems. Results There were no soft tissue, bone injuries or other complications related to the use of the robotic bone preparation method. Six complications related to the use of standard computer navigation pins occurred (0.6%) — one pseudoaneurysm of a branch of the tibialis anterior artery, one tibial metaphyseal stress fracture, and four areas of pin site irritation/superficial infection that resolved with a short course of oral antibiotics. Conclusion Current semiautonomous robotic methods are safe, with few complications using meticulous surgical techniques.
Dynamics of American Political Parties

1. Democracy, representation, and parties 2. Overview: social change and shifting party bases 3. Taking shape: party coalitions in the post-bellum nineteenth century 4. Republican ascendancy and Democratic efforts to respond: 1896-1928 5. New Deal dominance and struggles with internal diversity 6. The Democratic drive to the great society 7. Republicans: reasserting conservative principles and seeking a majority 8. The Democratic struggle to respond 9. George Bush and further polarization 10. The 2008 election and its interpretation 11. Parties and the pursuit of majorities.
Gastric Per-Oral Endoscopic Myotomy (G-POEM) for the Treatment of Gastric Stenosis Post-Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy (LSG)

Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) has become the most common form of bariatric surgery performed worldwide. However, it is associated with potentially debilitating adverse events such as post-operative stenosis. Finding effective and minimally invasive treatments for such complications is of paramount importance. Gastric per-oral endoscopic myotomy (G-POEM) is a novel procedure developed over the past decade to treat conditions that delay gastric emptying. We present a case demonstrating the use of G-POEM in the successful endoscopic management of post-LSG gastric stenosis.
Diffraction-Assisted Light Field Microscopy for Microtomography and Digital Volume Correlation with Improved Spatial Resolution

Light field microscopy (LFM) is capable of ultrafast tomographic reconstruction using a light field image acquired in a single snapshot. However, the axial resolution of LFM is inferior to its lateral resolution and is non-uniform in the axial direction. A diffraction-assisted light field microscopy (DLFM) method is proposed in this work to achieve resolution enhancement over the conventional LFM. DLFM makes use of a transmission diffraction grating inserted between the specimen and microscope objective. Light field images of different diffraction orders are formed on the sensor plane and encode both the spatial and angular information of light rays emanating from the specimen. A wave optics model is developed to derive the point spread functions (PSFs) of DLFM, which are then used to deconvolute the light field images for tomographic reconstruction. Validation tests are performed on both experimental and simulated data and the results show that DLFM effectively improves the axial resolution without compromising the lateral resolution. Furthermore, we show that tomographic reconstruction using DLFM can be combined with digital volume correlation (DVC) to achieve three-dimensional, full-field displacement measurement.
Proteogenomic Analysis of Protein Sequence Alterations in Breast Cancer Cells

Cancer evolves as a result of an accumulation of mutations and chromosomal aberrations. Developments in sequencing technologies have enabled the discovery and cataloguing of millions of such mutations. The identification of protein-level alterations, typically by using reversed-phase protein arrays or mass spectrometry, has lagged, however, behind gene and transcript-level observations. In this study, we report the use of mass spectrometry for detecting the presence of mutations-missense, indels and frame shifts-in MCF7 and SKBR3 breast cancer, and non-tumorigenic MCF10A cells. The mutations were identified by expanding the database search process of raw mass spectrometry files by including an in-house built database of mutated peptides (XMAn-v1) that complemented a minimally redundant, canonical database of Homo sapiens proteins. The work resulted in the identification of nearly 300 mutated peptide sequences, of which ~50 were characterized by quality tandem mass spectra. We describe the criteria that were used to select the mutated peptide sequences, evaluate the parameters that characterized these peptides, and assess the artifacts that could have led to false peptide identifications. Further, we discuss the functional domains and biological processes that may be impacted by the observed peptide alterations, and how protein-level detection can support the efforts of identifying cancer driving mutations and genes. Mass spectrometry data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD014458.
Esther Barbara Chalmers's Scottish International Lives

The archive compiled by Esther Barbara Chalmers (1894-1983), now in the National Library of Scotland, is an extraordinary work which contains not only records but implicit and explicit arguments about the variety of relations between Scotland, Europe, and empire. The history of the archive’s creation and transmission, as well as the histories of individuals and networks it preserves, including accounts other Scottish women, constantly draw attention to larger histories in ways which reflect deliberate political and intellectual decisions by Esther Chalmers.
Wind-resilient civil structures: What can we learn from nature

Owing to changing weather patterns, catastrophic natural disasters are expected to happen more frequently and cause dramatic life and economic losses worldwide. The United States experienced a hist...
Relationship between optic disc hemorrhage and corneal hysteresis.

Abstract Objective To determine the relationship between optic disc hemorrhage (DH) and corneal hysteresis (CH). Methods Consecutive patients with prior or current photographic evidence of unilateral DH who had undergone CH measurement with the Ocular Response Analyzer (ORA; Reichert, Buffalo, NY) were enrolled. Eyes with a history of corneal disease, refractive surgery, or bilateral DH were excluded. Central corneal thickness (CCT), visual field data, 5 consecutive previous intraocular pressures (IOPs), and maximum documented peak IOP were obtained by chart review. Vertical cup-to-disc ratio (VCDR), the presence of neuroretinal rim notching, number of clock hours of beta zone parapapillary atrophy (sPPA), and eye with greater sPPA width were determined from photographs by 2 masked expert examiners. Results We identified and analyzed 49 patients with photographically documented unilateral DH. Compared to fellow non-DH eyes, eyes with DH had lower CH (8.7 ± 1.9 vs 9.2 ± 1.7; p = 0.002), higher IOP (15.6 ± 3.6 vs 14.3 ± 4.1; p = 0.017), and greater VCDR (0.79 ± 0.13 vs 0.68 ± 0.23; p 0.05). Using multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis, only CH (p = 0.012) and VCDR (p = 0.004) predicted the laterality of the DH. Conclusions Lower CH and greater VCDR are independently associated with DH. This suggests that CH may be a structural biomarker for an abnormality of the optic nerve complex that may be associated with progressive glaucoma. Eyes in which DH were detected had lower CH.
Musical Voices from an Urban Minority Classroom: Disrupting Notions of Musical Literacy Through Critical Popular Music Listening

How do we listen to the musical voices of students who are Other than us? What do their musical voices sound like when invited into the classroom? This chapter explores the ways in which student-chosen popular music listening fostered criticality and agency in a group of urban minority elementary children. Using the lens of critical literacy, I investigate how the children make sense of popular music, what literacies they bring to their listening engagements, and how the communal listening experience impacted the students and myself. Findings suggest that young children are capable of and eager to critically interrogate popular music in relation to personal and cultural narratives. Additionally, simultaneous original composition tasks were viewed by the children as an additional vehicle for critical inquiry and agency. While the issue of popular music and young children remains a debated topic in music education research and practice, the findings of this study suggest that inviting children to share their indigenous musical voices and literacies in the classroom can create compelling opportunities for developing critical popular music literacy.
Traffic Consolidation for Green Optical DCNs

Present-day datacenter networks (DCNs) are designed to provide full-bisection bandwidth in order to support high network throughput and server agility. However, many studies have shown average utilization of the DCN is very low even at high server loads. As a result, there is a significant waste of energy resources in modern datacenters. In this paper we describe the construction and evaluation of a hardware device that consolidates traffic going between servers and the top- of-rack (ToR) switch. The consolidator operates entirely in the optical domain and has very low power consumption. We evaluate the performance of the consolidator in a small network. Subsequently, using simulations, we show that for larger systems, the consolidator allows energy savings of almost 70% at light loads and scales with increasing loads.
Atenolol in cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized clinical trial of effect on quality of life, activity, and cardiac biomarkers.

Abstract Objective To compare quality of life (QOL) and activity measures between healthy control cats and cats with subclinical hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM), and to evaluate the effect of oral atenolol therapy on QOL, activity, and circulating biomarkers in cats with subclinical HCM. Animals Thirty-two client-owned cats with subclinical HCM and 27 healthy control cats. Methods Owner responses to a QOL questionnaire, circulating cardiac biomarker concentrations, and accelerometer-based activity measures were compared prospectively in cats with and without HCM, and in cats with HCM before and after treatment with oral atenolol (6.25 mg/cat q 12 h) for 6 months. Results Owner-assessed activity of daily living score was lower in cats with HCM than in cats in controls (p=0.0420). No differences were identified between control cats and cats with HCM for any activity variable. Compared with placebo, treatment with atenolol was associated with a lower baseline-adjusted mean ± SD heart rate (157 ± 30 vs. 195 ± 20 bpm; p=0.0001) and rate-pressure product (22,446 ± 6,237 vs. 26,615 ± 4,623 mmHg/min; p=0.0146). A treatment effect of atenolol on QOL or activity was not demonstrated. Conclusions This study failed to identify an effect of subclinical HCM on owner-assessed QOL or activity or a treatment effect of atenolol on these variables at the dosage evaluated. These findings do not support a treatment benefit of atenolol for the goal of symptom reduction in cats with subclinical HCM.
Sex-Based Differences in Recurrence Rates Following Arthroscopic Anterior Shoulder Stabilization: A Systematic Review.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effect that sex has on recurrence of anterior shoulder instability following primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization. Methods A systematic review using PRISMA guidelines was performed by searching PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library databases to identify studies reporting recurrence rates following arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization with a minimum follow-up period of 2 years. Patient demographics as well as preoperative, intraoperative and postoperative findings, including patient-reported outcomes and recurrence rates, were analyzed by 2 independent reviewers. Recurrence was defined as an episode of dislocation, subluxation or instability following primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization. Study methodological quality was evaluated with the Modified Coleman Methodology Score (MCMS). Risk bias was evaluated using the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies (MINORS score). Descriptive statistics are presented. Results Ten studies (1 Level I, 1 Level II, 5 Level III, and 3 Level IV), including a total of 7,102 patients with primary traumatic and/or recurrent traumatic shoulder instability without previous procedures who underwent primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization, were included (mean follow-up, 34.6 months; mean age, 25.4 years). There was a total of 5,097 males (71.8%) and 2,005 females (28.2%). There was a higher recurrence rate in males (6%-37%) compared to females (0-32%). Clinical outcomes were inconsistently reported, so no quantitative analysis of clinical outcomes or return-to-sport between sexes was possible. The average MCMS of all 10 studies was 76.8 ± 8.0, indicating good methodology. Conclusions Males may have higher recurrence rates than females following primary arthroscopic anterior shoulder stabilization; however, the heterogeneity of the included studies precludes any definitive conclusions. Level of evidence IV, Systematic Review of Level I-IV.
Star Formation and Metal Production as a Function of Redshift: The Role of the Multiphase ISM

We present models of the cosmological star formation and metal production history of (proto)galaxies with varying axis ratios. More massive and/or roughly spherical systems reach the threshold metallicity for the transition to a multiphase interstellar medium earlier than less massive and/or more flattened systems. Therefore, more flattened and/or lower mass systems start to form stars actively at smaller redshifts. A natural explanation for this result is found in the overall robustness of the interstellar medium against complete expulsion (blow-away) at high total masses and in the prevention of metal enrichment in the outer regions by axial outflow along the symmetry axis of a nonspherical protogalaxy (blow-out). We suggest that the observed predominance of spheroidal systems observed at high redshift, e.g., in the Hubble Space Telescope deep field, comes about from this effect: at z > 2, roundish (proto)galaxies with total (dark + baryonic) masses of ≈ 1011 M☉ and/or the inner spheroidal cores of similarly massive flattened systems sustain a multiphase interstellar medium, and therefore a high star-formation rate, the magnitude of which depends on the fraction of baryonic matter in the systems. Conversely, the peak at z ~ 1-2 in the observed cosmological metal production rate coincides with the epochs of star formation of lower mass spheroidal systems, as well as of massive protogalactic disks.
Association of a New Trauma Center With Racial, Ethnic, and Socioeconomic Disparities in Access to Trauma Care.

This observational study the assesses the association of a new trauma center with transport times for trauma patients as a measure of prompt access to care and specifically examines changes in racial, ethnic, and income disparities in transport times.
Concise Graphical Representations of Student Effort on Weekly Many Small Programs

In recent years, hundreds of CS1 classes have adopted a many small programs (MSP) approach to weekly programming assignments. The MSP approach involves assigning students several smaller programming assignments per week, for example 5-7, versus the traditional one larger program (OLP) per week. This shift is largely made possible by easy-to-use program auto-graders that have arisen in recent years. Such auto-graders make grading so many programs feasible, while also providing students with immediate feedback. The MSP approach has been shown to yield advantages that include earlier starts, reduced anxiety, increased confidence, the ability to switch to another program if stuck, better exam performance, and less attrition, with analysis showing students easily transition to larger programs later. We desired to gain insight on how our CS1 students were working through our weekly MSPs. Thus, in 2018, we began exploring automated creation of concise representations of student behavior while they developed their programs, what we call "workflow charts". We used a popular commercial auto-grader that has a built-in development environment and provides detailed log files of every program compile/run by each student. We describe the goals of such a representation, the evolution of our representation to its current status, various design trade-offs, our current usage, and numerous possible future uses in CS1 classes. We plan to create a website for any instructor to upload such log files to gain insight on their own class' performance.
MOF-808 as a recyclable catalyst for the photothermal acetalization of aromatic aldehydes

Abstract Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) show promise for catalysis applications due to their porosity, high internal surface area, and structural adaptability. Typical acetalization reactions of aldehydes require elevated temperatures and excess alcohol to drive the reactions to completion. In this current work, MOF-808 is used as a heterogeneous catalyst for acetylation of aldehydes in methanol using a mild photothermal process. Optimized conditions gave 72% yield of 2-(dimethoxymethyl)naphthalene in the presence of 10 mol% MOF-808 at 45 °C using only a fluorescent lamp. MOF-808 can be recycled up to 5 times with no loss in catalytic activity. A proof-of-principle substrate scope demonstrates the potential utility for aromatic and aliphatic substrates.
Cryopreservation of microglia enables single-cell RNA sequencing with minimal effects on disease-related gene expression patterns

Microglia play a key role in brain development, normal homeostasis, and neurodegenerative disorders. Single-cell technologies have led to important findings about microglia, with many animal model studies using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), whereas most human specimen studies using archived frozen brains for single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq). However, microglia compose a small proportion of the total brain tissue; snRNAseq depletes expression of microglia activation genes that characterize many diseases. Here we examine the use of purified, cryopreserved microglia for scRNA-seq. Comparison of scRNA-seq on paired fresh and cryopreserved microglia from rhesus monkeys revealed a high level of correlation of gene expression between the two conditions. Disease-related genes were relatively unaffected, but an increase in immediate-early gene expression was present in cryopreserved cells. Regardless, changes in immediate-early gene expression are still detectable. Cryopreservation of microglia is a suitable procedure for prospectively archiving samples.
Implementation of Warfarin to Direct Oral Anticoagulant Conversion Initiative in Pharmacist-run Anticoagulation Clinics during COVID-19 Pandemic

Due to community transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), social distancing and stay-at-home orders were implemented statewide in an effort to limit the spread of disease. This posed unique challenges for patients on medications requiring close and continued monitoring by clinic staff, such as anticoagulation clinics. Thus, innovative measures were implemented at Cleveland Clinic Health System (CCHS) to maintain the health and care of ambulatory patients. An initiative to evaluate patients for warfarin to direct oral anticoagulants (DOAC) conversion was used in the pharmacist-run anticoagulation clinics. This article describes how patients were screened for eligibility, the education to pharmacists, the utilization of student learners in the process, and the workflow for provider notification of conversion. Follow up monitoring, challenges encountered, and future directions are also described.
Implementation and Evaluation of a Formal Virtual Medical Student Away Rotation in Orthopaedic Surgery During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Single Institution Pilot Experience.

Away rotations are a valuable experience for medical students when applying for residency. In light of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, there has been significant interest in the development of virtually based substitutes. This study evaluates the utility of a formal virtual fourth-year medical student away rotation in orthopaedic surgery by surveying participants and provides recommendations for success. Methods A 2-week virtual orthopaedic elective was offered to fourth-year medical students in lieu of traditional in-person away rotations. The course consisted of multiple components such as subspecialty case-based didactics, "happy hours" with residents, assigned resident mentors, student case presentations, and observation of resident lectures. After course completion, anonymous surveys were administered to participants to evaluate the rotation. Results Twenty-three of 24 participating students (96%) completed the student survey, and 22 of 24 participating faculty and residents (82%) completed the resident/faculty survey. Most students were very (87%) or somewhat (9%) satisfied with their experience and found the rotation to be a very (35%) or somewhat useful (61%) substitute for an in-person rotation. Students indicated that the rotation very (91%) or somewhat positively (9%) influenced their perception of the program. All students indicated that the rotation was very educational. Most students (91%) reported that the rotation was very useful for learning about the program and culture, with subspecialty didactics and happy hours most useful. Faculty and residents indicated that the rotation was useful for getting to know the students (17% "very useful" and 83% "somewhat useful") and for assessing student characteristics, such as knowledge base and communication skills. Conclusions A formal virtual orthopaedic surgery away rotation can be a valuable experience for medical students which provides educational value, insight into program culture, and an opportunity to demonstrate interest in the program. The curriculum and recommendations presented in this study can be used as a preliminary template for others interested in creating successful virtual rotations.
Insta-Gaze: Aesthetic representation and contested transformation of Woljeong, South Korea

Woljeong was a secluded fishing village on Jeju island before being popularized on social media via aesthetic photographs of the local beach. Turned into a destination where tourists flood to achie...
The Safety Culture Perspective

Publisher Summary The growing interest in understanding the current state of safety culture is closely associated with the need to transform the culture into a more desirable state. Managers want to know the current state of safety culture in their organization and how they can improve it. One reason that managers across a wide array of aviation organizations are interested in safety culture assessment and change is that the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has made it mandatory for all Member States (countries) to implement a Safety Management System (SMS), which includes improvement of safety culture. National regulatory agencies such as the Federal Aviation Administration, the U.K. Civil Aviation Administration, and Transport Canada are required to implement SMS within their own organizations. Industries like health care, nuclear power, and construction are seeking assessment and improvement of safety culture. This chapter attempts to address key issues and offers a framework for the assessment and improvement of safety culture in the aviation industry.
Effects of mouse tremor smoothing adapter on ease of computer mouse use by individuals with essential tremor: a pilot study

As many as 10 million people in the United States are diagnosed with a complex neurological movement disorder called Essential Tremor (ET), with many more worldwide [1]. ET is a condition that is particularly troublesome during the use of computer programs that require good mouse control. The purpose of this study was to determine whether hardware and software versions of a smoothing filter labeled the Tremor Control Mouse (TCM) could provide short- and/or long-term benefits for individuals who have difficulty using a computer because of ET of the hands. A paired-samples t-test revealed significant differences (p<.05) between participants' responses to ease-of-use questions regarding traditional mouse use compared to TCM use. Subjective responses to survey items on TCM advantages, disadvantages, and helpfulness were very positive overall and reflected the participants' belief that the TCM was a useful device in enhancing mouse control and, consequently, computer use.
Effects of Leader Support in the Work Unit on the Relationship Between Work Spillover and Family Adaptation

This study examines the direct versus the buffering effect of leader support in the work unit on the relationship between work spillover and family adaptation. The analyses use data from a probability sample of 3,190 married soldiers in the U.S. Army who participated in the 1989 Army and Family Survey, and the data are analyzed by the gender of the respondent. Two types of work spillover are examined in the analysis (energy and time interference), and both internal and external types of family adaptation are hypothesized and supported by the empirical analysis. Only modest support is found for the buffering effect hypothesis. In support of the direct effect hypothesis, the findings indicate that leader support in the work unit decreases perceptions of work spillover, which is a preventive effect, and enhances perceptions of external adaptation, which is a therapeutic effect.
A Matter of Fairness: The Need for a New Look at Selective Waiver in SEC Investigations

notions of "fairness" have guided most of the courts that have rejected selective waiver of the attorney-client privilege and work-product protection. In Permian Corp. v. United States, for example, the first circuit court opinion to reject the Eight Circuit's recognition of selective waiver, the D.C. Circuit noted the following: The client cannot be permitted to pick and choose among his opponents, waiving the privilege for some and resurrecting the claim of confidentiality to obstruct others, or to invoke the privilege as to communications whose confidentiality he has already compromised for his own benefit.... The attorneyclient privilege is not designed for such tactical