cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Constructing Meaning About Violence, School, and Community: Participatory Action Research with Urban Youth

In this paper, I describe how a group of young adolescents negotiate their daily lives within the seeming permanence of a toxic environment, limited social services, poverty, crime, drugs, and inadequate educational resources. The world that the young people described in this paper inhabit is a world of despair and hope, chaos and silence, violence and peace, struggle and possibility—a world in which they spend a good deal of time surviving violence while negotiating the psychosocial, economic, raced, gendered, classed, and sociocultural borders that inform and influence their lives. Through the use of participatory action research and community photography, we are problematizing those borders and creating spaces for young urban youth to engage in processes that position them as agents of inquiry and as “experts” about their own lives. As the data reveal, by listening to young people's stories, by giving them the opportunity to speak about their lives, and by collaborating with them in designing plans of action to address their concerns, we can more effectively frame research questions and teaching pedagogies around their understandings of violence and urban life. As important, by examining their lives via participatory action research, young people are provided with opportunities to take deliberate action to enhance community well-being.
Selective-run built-in self-test using an embedded processor

Many systems-on-a-chip (SOCs) include processors as central units to implement diverse algorithms and control peripheral units such as embedded cores. The computing power of the embedded processor can be used to self-test its own functions as well as to test the other cores within the chip boundary. In BIST methodology, pseudo-random pattern testing can reduce the memory requirements. In addition to general pseudo-random pattern testing, this paper proposes and evaluates a novel selective-random pattern test technique. This technique increases the fault coverage while significantly reducing test application time. This also greatly decreases the memory requirements compared to traditional BIST schemes. The cost for extra hardware is low and the technique is easily integrated with parallel scan and boundary scan designs.
Do Public Subsidies Leverage Private Philanthropy for the Arts? Empirical Evidence on Symphony Orchestras

The relationship between public subsidies and private philanthropy is at the heart of a common claim that state subsidies “leverage” private donations to the arts. This claim might seem counterintuitive to some who find it more likely that state funding would crowd out private donations. This article empirically tests this question, using panel data on five major American symphony orchestras. The principal result of the statistical analysis is that neither claim is correct for these orchestras: The two funding sources are independent. This finding has significant managerial implications with respect to revenue-raising strategies for arts organizations as well as nonprofit firms in general. These implications and several related policy issues are discussed. The National Endowment for the Arts [NEA] provides a stamp of excellence that leverages private support. NEA grants confer national prestige that can not be duplicated on a state or local level. Each NEA dollar is matched by at least 1:1 and is a funding catalyst attracting many more dollars from local and state agencies, corporations, foundations, and individuals. —National Endowment for the Arts (1998) The idea that private philanthropy depends positively on public subsidies has commonly been heard of late in the debate over the need for government participation in the provision of the arts in the United States. According to the American Arts Alliance (1995), “Last year [1994], $123 million in [National Endowment for the Arts (NEA)] grants leveraged more than $1.3 billion.” This statement imputes causality to the NEA grants: They were in some way responsible for the generation of more than 10 times as much in non-NEA donations.
Lattice and dynamic aperture of the Duke FEL storage ring

A low emittance lattice of the Duke FEL (Free Electron Laser) storage ring dedicated to drive UV-VUV FELs is presented. The second order geometrical aberration is compensated to increase the dynamic aperture. The 6-D dynamic aperture study has been performed on this lattice using symplectic tracking codes, which demonstrates a large energy aperture. The influences of higher-order multipoles (HMs), RMS errors and 6.8-m OK-4 undulator on dynamic aperture are studied. The transverse dynamic aperture is mainly limited by HMs in the straight section quadrupoles. For future FEL operations, we have designed a new straight section lattice for a 26-m long FEL undulator. The dynamic aperture for this lattice is discussed. >
X-RAY DIFFRACTION PATTERNS FROM PLANT FIBERS.

The rather long discussion just given seemed necessary in order to establish certain points before attempting to develop the lattice structure and before working out the identity of the structural unit of the ramie fiber. 1. Certain planes, 6.10, 5.40, 3.98, etc., as given in Table I, run lengthwise of the fiber; that is, they are parallel to the long axis. 2. These planes are in agreement with the assumption that one set, either the 6.10 or the 5.40 is tangential to the fiber and forms concentric cylinders, with the long axis of the fiber as the long axis of the cylinders; the other set, either the 5.40 or the 6.10. cuts the former at right angles and therefore its planes are radial with respect to the fiber, theoretically all of them meeting at the long axis, as indicated in the cross-section of a fiber in Fig. 3. 3. Other planes, 5.15, 3.40, 2.58, etc., as given in Table III, are transverse planes which form right angles with the long axis and therefore with the planes of Table I. 4. All of the planes are composed of reflecting units, probably groups of atoms, located at the intersections of the planes. This being the case, other reflecting planes must occur at other angles to the long axis. This prediction is verified by the lines given in Table IV. 5. The structural units in the wall of the fiber thus form a space lattice, the elementary cell of which is an orthorhombic structure. 6. Comparatively little can be said as yet concerning the structural unit. The unit is very probably composed of a group of atoms which are more or less closely packed together. If the groups were visible they would appear, in a cross-section of a fiber, as closely packed groups of atoms, 6.10 A.u. from center to center of groups in one direction, and 5.40 A.u. at right angles to that. In a longitudinal section, however, they would appear less compact and might even lose the appearance of groups in forming long strings of atoms which would extend lengthwise of the fiber. By establishing the positions of the planes in the wall of the fiber, as in Tables I, III, and IV, it would seem that all dimensions of the elementary cell, and the size and character of the structural unit, could be determined. Work along these lines is now in progress.
Heart Transplantation in Neonates: Achievements, Controversies, and Challenges for the Future

After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Compare the results of pediatric heart transplantation with those of transplantation in adults, including the survival rates. 2. Compare and contrast the indications for pediatric heart transplant among those younger and older than 1 year of age. 3. List the common complications after pediatric heart transplantation. 4. Compare and contrast new immunosuppressive agents (tacrolimus, mycophenolate, humanized anti-Tac antibodies) and standard therapies (cyclosporine, azathioprine, prednisone, antithymocyte globulin). 5. Describe the controversy surrounding the proper management of infants who have hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Not long after the first successful human heart transplant was performed, the first neonatal heart transplant was attempted. In December of 1967, Kantrowitz and colleagues at Maimonides Hospital in New York transplanted the heart of an anencephalic infant into a 3-week-old who had tricuspid atresia. Although the recipient survived only 6.5 hours, the technical feasibility of cardiac transplantation in the pediatric patients was proven. Thirty-three years later, heart transplantation has gained widespread acceptance as a standard treatment modality for end-stage cardiomyopathy or noncorrectable congenital heart disease in infants and children. The 2 years following Barnard’s pioneering first transplant saw explosive growth in the field of adult heart transplantation, but poor 1-year survival dampened much of the initial enthusiasm and with it, any hope for bringing heart transplantation to the pediatric population. Most centers eventually abandoned the procedure, and many physicians denounced the concept. However, a few centers persisted, most notably Dr Norman Shumway and colleagues at Stanford, gradually improving survival through strong collaborations with basic immunologists and cardiac pathologists. By the mid-1970s, heart transplantation had been extended successfully to teenagers. The introduction of the “wonder drug” cyclosporine in 1980 so dramatically improved survival in adult cardiac transplant recipients that the extension of transplantation to even younger patients became feasible. Almost as important as …
Optical activity studies of drug--protein complexes. The interaction of acetylsalicylic acid with human serum albumin and myeloma immunoglobulin.

Abstract The binding of acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) to human serum albumin (HSA) and myeloma immunoglobulin (IgG) has been studied. The heterogeneity of the binding sites on both proteins was indicated by the non-linearity of the Scatchard plots. The association constants and the number of binding sites were determined. Near-UV circular dichroism (CD) spectrum of ASA-HSA complex showed a broad peak at 300 nm, which originated from the perturbed ASA molecule. This agrees with previous suggestion that electrostatic interactions played an important role in the binding. IgG-ASA complex showed CD spectrum changes between 300 nm and 260 nm. These changes suggested that, besides electrostatic interactions, the side chain chromophores of IgG also took part in the binding by hydrophobic interactions.
Coupled Stability of Multiport Systems—Theory and Experiments

This paper presents both theoretical and experimental studies of the stability of dynamic interaction between a feedback controlled manipulator and a passive environment. Necessary and sufficient conditions for “coupled stability”—the stability of a linear, time-invariant n-port (e.g., a robot, linearized about an operating point) coupled to a passive, but otherwise arbitrary, environment—are presented. The problem of assessing coupled stability for a physical system (continuous time) with a discrete time controller is then addressed. It is demonstrated that such a system may exhibit the coupled stability property; however, analytical, or even inexpensive numerical conditions are difficult to obtain. Therefore, an approximate condition, based on easily computed multivariable Nyquist plots, is developed. This condition is used to analyze two controllers implemented on a two-link, direct drive robot. An impedance controller demonstrates that a feedback controlled manipulator may satisfy the coupled stability property. A LQG/LTR controller illustrates specific consequences of failure to meet the coupled stability criterion; it also illustrates how coupled instability may arise in the absence of force feedback. Two experimental procedures—measurement of endpoint admittance and interaction with springs and masses—are introduced and used to evaluate the above controllers. Theoretical and experimental results are compared.
Dimensionality-controlled Mott transition and correlation effects in single-layer and bilayer perovskite iridates

We studied Sr${}_{2}$IrO${}_{4}$ and Sr${}_{3}$Ir${}_{2}$O${}_{7}$ using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy, making direct experimental determinations of intra- and intercell coupling parameters as well as Mott correlations and gap sizes. The results are generally consistent with LDA+$U$+spin-orbit coupling calculations, though the calculations missed the momentum positions of the dominant electronic states and neglected the importance of intercell coupling on the size of the Mott gap. The calculations also ignore the correlation-induced spectral peak widths, which are critical for making a connection to activation energies determined from transport experiments. The data indicate a dimensionality-controlled Mott transition in these 5$d$ transition-metal oxides.
Impact of accelerometer wear time on physical activity data: a NHANES semisimulation data approach

Background Current research practice employs wide-ranging accelerometer wear time criteria to identify a valid day of physical activity (PA) measurement. Objective To evaluate the effects of varying amounts of daily accelerometer wear time on PA data. Methods A total of 1000 days of accelerometer data from 1000 participants (age=38.7±14.3 years; body mass index=28.2±6.7 kg/m 2 ) were selected from the 2005–2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination Study data set. A reference data set was created using 200 random days with 14 h/day of wear time. Four additional samples of 200 days were randomly selected with a wear time of 10, 11, 12 and 13 h/day 1 . These data sets were used in day-to-day comparison to create four semisimulation data sets (10, 11, 12, 13 h/day) from the reference data set. Differences in step count and time spent in inactivity ( Results There were significant differences for moderate intensity PA between the reference data set and semisimulation data sets of 10 and 11 h/day. Differences were observed in 10–13 h/day 1 for inactivity and light intensity PA, and 10–12 h/day for steps (all p values Discussion These data suggest that using accelerometer wear time criteria of 12 h/day or less may underestimate step count and time spent in various PA levels.
Rapid morphological and genetic change in Chicago-area Peromyscus.

We report rapid change of morphology and mitochondrial genes in white-footed mice (Peromyscus leucopus) in the Chicago (Illinois, USA) region. We sequenced mitochondrial DNA COX2 from 55 museum skins of white-footed mice caught in the Chicago area since 1855 and from 44 mice recently trapped in the same locations. We found consistent directional genotype replacement at five separate collection locations. We later focused on a single one of these locations (Volo Bog State Natural Area) and sequenced mitochondrial D-loop control region from 58 museum skins of mice collected in 1903–1976 and 32 mice recently trapped there. We found complete and more recent replacement of D-loop haplotypes, apparently occurring between 1976 and 2001. We tested whether these genetic changes were mirrored by changes in morphology by comparing 15 external and cranial traits. We found no significant morphological differences between mice collected in 1903–1976; however, mice collected in 2001–2003 showed 9 of 15 measurements to be significantly changed relative to the earlier samples. Recent mice were longer in total length, with broader, longer noses, and longer but shallower skulls1. Discriminant function analysis allowed for 100% correct classification using these traits. Principal components analysis shows variance over time is well distributed across both external and cranial measures. The sequential replacements of haplotypes and the rapid change of morphology can best be explained by replacement of the regional population with immigrants from genetically distinct neighbouring populations, likely facilitated by the large environmental changes occurring over the time period. Replacement with genotypes from external populations may be a common mechanism of evolution of newly adaptive local forms in an increasingly human-impacted world.
Ventilator-associated pneumonia among elderly Medicare beneficiaries in long-term care hospitals.

Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a complication of ventilator care that produces excess, avoidable resource use and treatment costs. Control of VAP is an important aspect of quality of care improvement for long-term care hospitals (LTCHs) since they provide post-acute ventilator care for many Medicare beneficiaries. Data for Medicare patients discharged from LTCHs during CY 2004 who received continuous mechanical ventilation are examined (N=13,759). Nearly 25% of Medicare LTCH ventilator patients acquired VAP. Despite having lower mortality and less co-morbidity than non-VAP patients, length of stay (LOS) and total charges were both higher for VAP patients. Some of this excess is avoidable.
Adult-onset hemiplegic migraine with cortical enhancement and oedema

We present genetically identical twin patients who experienced late-onset migraine with visual and somatosensory auras and later developed hemiplegic migraines associated with severe cortical oedema and enhancement. Both positron emission tomography and electroencephalography showed an increase in activity contralateral to the hemiplegic side. Brain biopsy during the attack showed reactive astrogliosis and microgliosis. Mutations in CACNA1A, ATP1A2, SLC1A3 and NOTCH3 were ruled out by sequencing. This report shows the clinical and genetic evaluation of a severe form of familial hemiplegic migraine as well as the evolution of the imaging changes.
Presidential Address—Samurai Trouble: Thoughts on War and Loyalty

M, Lany of you MAY BE FAMILIAR with the book The Face of Battle (something of a cult classic among Berkeley undergraduates), which was written by the distinguished historian John Keegan, long a senior lecturer at the Royal Military Academy at Sand hurst. Keegan concludes the book with an astonishing sentence: "[T}he suspicion grows that battle has already abolished itself (1978, 343). This speculation arises from his remorseless appraisal of the conditions of modern warfare.
Effect of pH on TBA Values of Ground Raw Poultry Meat

Hand-deboned raw broiler meat was ground through a meat grinder and adjusted to pH values of approximately 3, 5, 7, and 9. The prepared samples along with the controls were covered and stored at 2–4°C. The 2-thiobarbituric acid (TBA) values of the samples were measured immediately after sample preparation and during refrigeration storage for a period of 14 days. The pH values affected the lipid oxidation of ground raw meat as measured by the TBA test. The lower the pH values, the stronger pro-oxidant affect. Adjusting the pH values of ground raw poultry meat to neutral or alkaline slowed the increase in TBA values.
So you have your model: what to do next. A tutorial on simulation output analysis

Simulation models are built with the intent of studying the behavior of the real system represented by the model. However, a simulation model generates random outputs; thus, the data generated by it can only be used to estimate the true measure of performance. In this tutorial, we introduce several concepts and techniques to analyze such output. Additional examples will be given during the presentation of the tutorial.
Estimating the efficiency of pulsed alternators

The term pulsed alternator is used to describe a type of rotating machine capable of providing short bursts of high current. Output power is intended to come from energy stored in the form of rotational inertia. This is done in a three-step process. The field coil on the rotor is charged using a process called bootstrapping . When the desired charge is reached, the circuit is switched to the load, and any magnetic energy left in the field coil is used to charge the flywheel. The efficiency of pulsed alternators, a very important design metric, is dependent on many geometric and material parameters, on the load, and on the type of input excitation. This paper shows the derivation of the steady-state efficiency of a pulsed alternator connected to a static load based on Park's model of a machine. The steady-state efficiency is then compared with the instantaneous and net efficiency of a simple discharge.
Aquifer Management Zones Based on Simulated Surface-Water Response Functions

Conjunctive management of surface and ground water requires an understanding of the degree to which surface water resources will be impacted by aquifer stresses at different locations. Response functions quantify the rate of depletion or accretion of a surface-water body relative to a unit stress on an aquifer under simplified, but often realistic, conditions. Response functions for four reaches of the Snake River have been determined for each cell of the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer model grid in southern Idaho. Mapping the response functions for each reach creates a visual image of how effects of aquifer stresses at different locations are distributed among the four hydraulically connected river reaches. The mapped distribution of response functions reflects aquifer properties such as the distribution of aquifer transmissivity. Cluster analysis of the response functions for each cell and each river reach has proven useful for subdividing the aquifer into zones for the conjunctive management of ground water and surface water. The response function variance within each zone is minimized in this procedure. In most situations, zone boundaries defined through cluster analysis will likely be modified to better conform to existing political and administrative units. The selection of the number of zones, and the degree to which boundaries based on response functions are modified, reflect a balance between the exactness provided by the science and administrative convenience and efficiency. The approach of managing an aquifer through response function based zones has gained initial acceptance in Idaho, as evidenced by the citation of these zones in Idaho's draft Water Management Rules. How management zones based on response functions will ultimately be used in Idaho water policy and procedures has not yet been determined.
A nanos homolog in leech

From the glossiphoniid leech Helobdella robusta, we have cloned and determined the complete coding sequence of Hro-nos, a gene homologous to the nanos gene from Drosophila melanogaster. Developmental northern blots show that Hro-nos, like nanos, is a maternal transcript that decays rapidly during early development. A polyclonal antiserum raised against the HRO-NOS protein was used in developmental western blots and for immunostaining leech embryos of different developmental stages. The HRONOS protein is first detectable in 2-cell embryos (4-6 hours of development) and exhibits a transient expression peaking during fourth cleavage (9-12 cells; 8-14 hours of development). The HRO-NOS protein exhibits a graded distribution along the primary embryonic axis and is partitioned unequally between the sister cells DNOPQ and D
Scale and food-web structure: from local to global

A central question in food-web research focuses on the relation between species at different trophic levels and «scale» or, in more specific terms, the number of species in food webs. We show that recently advanced scale-dependence hypotheses are consistent with independent data and assumptions connecting properties of the smallest food webs with those of the largest. Consistent with scale dependence, these data and assumptions suggest that mean chain length and the fractions of species at top, intermediate, and basal trophic levels depend on the number of species within «local» (i.e., small-scaled) webs with 2 to 10 2 species. Our analysis also suggests that the fractions of species in different trophic levels become asymptotically stable for regionally to globally scaled food webs with 10 4 to 10 7 species, respectively. A new hypothesis for the behavior of mean chain length in regional to global webs is also advanced. Our analyses specify for the first time specific functional forms for the effects of scale on food-web structure that take into account recently demonstrated scale dependencies at the local scale as well as estimates of biodiversity at regional and global scales. Rates of change over specific ranges are described as well as numerical estimates of asymptotes
What Message in the Medium of Information Systems

This is a study of 192 information systems maintained by the family of United Nations agencies. The study seeks to determine the impact of the availability of this information capacity on international society, and provides suggestions on how the impact can be conceptualized and studied. The quality of policy might be improved by availability of information, thus perhaps improving development planning. Dependency might be reduced by providing developing countries with knowledge to compensate for economic weakness, thus having a redistributive effect. Cognitive frameworks for defining problem sets could change as a result of information structuring and retrieval routines, thus potentially resulting in greater international complementarity of approaches to problem-solving. The findings suggest that while some trends in the direction of such outcomes can be discerned, the impact of information systems on the whole remains fragmentary and uneven.
Observations of preferential feeding by the aphid,Rhopalosiphum maidis on abaxial phloem ofCucurbita maxima

Seventy-four of 83 stylet tracks, and 20 of 22 pairs of stylets of the aphid,Rhopalosiphum maidis were observed terminating in abaxial phloem of matureCucurbita maxima leaves. These results indicate that the abaxial phloem is more important in vein loading and the export of assimilates from mature leaves than the adaxial phloem.
A clearer spotlight on spotlight: Understanding, conducting and reporting

Abstract There has been a remarkable increase in the use of spotlight analysis to examine any interactive effect between an independent variable and a continuous moderator. Most of the spotlight analyses have been conducted at one standard deviation above and below the mean value of the moderator, even when alternate methods are more appropriate. Additionally, many spotlight analyses are not conducted correctly. More importantly, results for spotlight analyses are reported in a manner that makes it virtually impossible for mistakes to be detected. This article focuses on “understanding,” “conducting,” and “reporting” spotlight analyses. By posing questions for the reader, it highlights some common mistakes made when doing spotlight analysis and explains why confusion often arises. Then it provides an easy to understand way to do spotlight analysis for some popular contexts. Alternatives to spotlight analysis are also briefly discussed. Finally, it suggests how to report results for spotlight analysis and for the alternatives. Pointing out recurrent mistakes should prevent perpetuation of misleading practices. Similarly, reporting essential details of the analyses should prevent mistakes from going undetected.
Corticosteroid-induced avascular necrosis. A clinical study of seventy-seven patients.

A complete review was made of seventy-seven cases of non-traumatic avascular necrosis of bone in patients treated with corticosteroids seen at the Mayo Clinic from 1950 to 1968. The single common finding was treatment with corticosteroids in dosages greater than physiological replacement for long periods either continuously or intermittently. Serum lipids were abnormal in the majority of cases so studied. Roentgenograms showed characteristic segmental avascular necrosis followed by varying degrees of collapse and secondary degenerative changes. Gross and histological study of surgically removed femoral heads confirmed the diagnosis of avascular necrosis. Intravascular fat emboli were noted in a significant number of femoral heads removed from corticosteroid-treated patients with avascular necrosis.
Calcium antagonists preferentially dilate preglomerular vessels of hydronephrotic kidney

The hydronephrotic kidney of Inactin-anesthetized female Wistar rats was exteriorized in a controlled bath to directly observe preglomerular and postglomerular vessels via television microscopy. Nitrendipine, added to the bath in a concentration that did not alter blood pressure, induced a concentration-dependent dilation of preglomerular vessels. The arcuate artery maximally dilated by 29 +/- 4%, the interlobular artery by 24 +/- 5%, the afferent arteriole near the interlobular artery by 60 +/- 9%, and near the glomerulus by 28 +/- 13%. In contrast the efferent arteriole near the glomerulus dilated by only 11 +/- 6% and near the welling point by 7 +/- 9%. Similarly, diltiazem significantly dilated preglomerular vessels but not efferent arterioles. Acetylcholine significantly dilated all preglomerular vessels and dilated the afferent arterioles near the glomerulus (by 51 +/- 8%) to a greater extent than the calcium blockers. Acetylcholine also significantly dilated the efferent arterioles (near the glomerulus by 26 +/- 5% and near the welling point by 12 +/- 3%). These data suggest that the tone of the preglomerular vessels of the hydronephrotic kidney is more dependent on the entry of extracellular calcium through calcium antagonist-sensitive channels (i.e., potential dependent) than is the tone of the afferent arterioles near the glomerulus and the efferent arterioles.
Effects of open-heart surgery on blood viscosity.

Summary The effects of open-heart surgery and total body perfusion on blood viscosity and related factors were studied in 31 patients. The oxygenator was primed with whole blood in 17 cases and with diluted blood in 14. In all patients, but to a greater degree in the hemodiluted group, blood viscosity fell to levels lower than would be expected on the basis of hematocrit. This decrease was accompanied by a fall in plasma viscosity, which, in turn, coincided with an increase in plasma water content and a decrease in plasma protein concentration. No change in the shear-rate dependence of blood viscosity was noted. Aqueous dilution is the prime determinant of blood viscosity during extracorporeal perfusion, regardless of the type of prime.
Frequency Coding in the Inner Ear of Anuran Amphibians

The amphibian inner ear is unique among vertebrates in that it contains two separate auditory organs: the amphibian and basilar papillae. Each organ has its own complement of hair cells and overlying tectorial membrane. However, neither organ possesses a basilar membrane or two populations of sensory receptor cells corresponding to inner and outer hair cells. The polarization patterns of the hair cells of both the amphibian papilla (a.p.) and the basilar papilla (b.p.) are a complex function of sensory surface geometry and for the most part are family— if not species-specific (Lewis, 1978). Despite the distinctive inner ear morphology of amphibians, FTCs obtained from auditory nerve fibers in the frog have shapes similar to those of comparable CFs recorded from the eighth nerves of fish, reptiles, birds and mammals.
NEW IMMUNOCAPTURE ENZYME (ICE) ASSAY FOR QUANTIFICATION OF CANCER PROCOAGULANT ACTIVITY : STUDIES OF INHIBITORS

A new, sensitive and specific immunocapture enzyme (ICE) assay for quantitation of the enzymatic activity of cancer procoagulant (CP) has been developed. The assay had good reproducibility (inter- and intra-assay CV were 6.4% and 5.7% respectively) and was linear for concentrations of CP from 0.5 microgram/ml to 10 micrograms/ml (r2 = 0.995). Using this assay the inhibition of CP by iodoacetamide, mercuric chloride, E-64, leupeptin and antipain was demonstrated. There was no significant effect of cystatin and natural plasma proteinase inhibitors alpha 1-antitrypsin, alpha 1-antichymotrypsin, alpha 2-macroglobulin and antithrombin-III/heparin, on the activity of the CP.
Dual chamber stent prevents organ malperfusion in a model of donation after cardiac death

Background The paradigm for donation after cardiac death subjects donor organs to ischemic injury. A dual-chamber organ perfusion stent would maintain organ perfusion without affecting natural cardiac death. A center lumen allows uninterrupted cardiac blood flow, while an external chamber delivers oxygenated blood to the visceral vessels. Methods A prototype organ perfusion stent was constructed from commercial stents. In a porcine model, the organ perfusion stent was deployed, followed by a simulated agonal period. Oxygenated blood perfused the external stent chamber. Organ perfusion was compared between controls ( n = 3) and organ perfusion stent ( n = 6). Finally, a custom, nitinol, dual chamber organ perfusion stent was fabricated using a retrievable “petal and stem” design. Results Endovascular organ perfusion stent deployment achieved visceral isolation without adverse impact on cardiac parameters. Visceral oxygen delivery was 4.8-fold greater compared with controls. During the agonal period, organs in organ perfusion stent–treated animals appeared well perfused in contrast with the malperfused controls. A custom nitinol and polyurethane organ perfusion stent was recaptured easily with simple sheath advancement. Conclusion An organ perfusion stent maintained organ perfusion during the agonal phase in a porcine model of donation after cardiac death organ donation without adversely affecting cardiac function. Ultimately, the custom retrievable design of this study may help resolve the critical shortage of donor organs for transplant.
Detection of Rogue Certificates from Trusted Certificate Authorities Using Deep Neural Networks

Rogue certificates are valid certificates issued by a legitimate certificate authority (CA) that are nonetheless untrustworthy; yet trusted by web browsers and users. With the current public key infrastructure, there exists a window of vulnerability between the time a rogue certificate is issued and when it is detected. Rogue certificates from recent compromises have been trusted for as long as weeks before detection and revocation. Previous proposals to close this window of vulnerability require changes in the infrastructure, Internet protocols, or end user experience. We present a method for detecting rogue certificates from trusted CAs developed from a large and timely collection of certificates. This method automates classification by building machine-learning models with Deep Neural Networks (DNN). Despite the scarcity of rogue instances in the dataset, DNN produced a classification method that is proven both in simulation and in the July 2014 compromise of the India CCA. We report the details of the classification method and illustrate that it is repeatable, such as with datasets obtained from crawling. We describe the classification performance under our current research deployment.
Rotational Stiffness of Deeply Embedded Column–Base Connections

AbstractDeeply embedded column–base (DECB) connections comprise a steel column embedded into a concrete footing, and are common in mid-rise to high-rise steel moment resisting frames. These are oft...
Refinement of the Fread Method for Improved Tracking of Stream Discharges during Unsteady Flows

AbstractThere are a plethora of analytical methods that can account for the effect of unsteady flow (i.e., hysteretic behavior) on steady-state stage-discharge rating curves (hQRCs) used to continu...
Individualizing Cancer Screening Recommendations: A Team-Based Learning Activity for Fourth-Year Medical Students.

Introduction Cancer screenings are key preventive services that patients receive in primary care. Health care professional students are generally taught about major society guidelines and U.S. Prev...
Clinical and Imaging Outcomes of Endovascular Therapy in Patients with Acute Large Vessel Occlusion Stroke and Mild Clinical Symptoms.

Background The minimal stroke severity justifying endovascular intervention remains elusive. However, a significant proportion of patients presenting with large vessel occlusion stroke (LVOS) and mild symptoms go untreated and face poor outcomes. We aimed to evaluate the clinical outcomes of patients presenting with LVOS and low symptom scores (National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score ≤8) undergoing endovascular therapy (ET). Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of a prospectively collected ET database between September 2010 and March 2016. Endovascularly treated patients with LVOS and a baseline NIHSS score ≤8 were included. Baseline patient characteristics, procedural details, and outcome parameters were collected. Efficacy outcomes were the rate of good outcome (90-day modified Rankin Scale score 0-2) and of successful reperfusion (modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction [mTICI] score 2b-3). Safety was assessed by the rate of parenchymal hematoma (parenchymal hematoma type 1 [PH-1] and parenchymal hematoma type 2 [PH-2]) and 90-day mortality. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of good clinical outcomes. Results A total of 935 patients were considered; 72 patients with an NIHSS score ≤8 were included. Median [IQR] age was 61.5 years [56.2-73.0]; 39 patients (54%) were men. Mean (SD) baseline NIHSS score, computed tomography perfusion core volume, and ASPECTS were 6.3 (1.5), 7.5 mL (16.1), and 8.5 (1.3), respectively. Twenty-eight patients (39%) received intravenous tissue plasminogen activator. Occlusions locations were as follows: 29 (40%) proximal MCA-M1, 20 (28%) MCA-M2, 6 (8%) ICA terminus, and 9 (13%) vertebrobasilar. Tandem occlusion was documented in 7 patients (10%). Sixty-seven patients (93%) achieved successful reperfusion (mTICI score 2b-3); 52 (72%) had good 90-day outcomes. Mean final infarct volume was 32.2 ± 59.9 mL. Parenchymal hematoma occurred in 4 patients (6%). Ninety-day mortality was 10% (n = 7). Logistic regression showed that only successful reperfusion (OR 27.7, 95% CI 1.1-655.5, p = 0.04) was an independent predictor of good outcomes. Conclusion Our findings demonstrate that ET is safe and feasible for LVOS patients presenting with mild clinical syndromes. Future controlled studies are warranted.
Oscillatory dynamics in the dorsal and ventral attention networks during the reorienting of attention

The ability to reorient attention within the visual field is central to daily functioning, and numerous fMRI studies have shown that the dorsal and ventral attention networks (DAN, VAN) are critical to such processes. However, despite the instantaneous nature of attentional shifts, the dynamics of oscillatory activity serving attentional reorientation remain poorly characterized. In this study, we utilized magnetoencephalography (MEG) and a Posner task to probe the dynamics of attentional reorienting in 29 healthy adults. MEG data were transformed into the time-frequency domain and significant oscillatory responses were imaged using a beamformer. Voxel time series were then extracted from peak voxels in the functional beamformer images. These time series were used to quantify the dynamics of attentional reorienting, and to compute dynamic functional connectivity. Our results indicated strong increases in theta and decreases in alpha and beta activity across many nodes in the DAN and VAN. Interestingly, theta responses were generally stronger during trials that required attentional reorienting relative to those that did not, while alpha and beta oscillations were more dynamic, with many regions exhibiting significantly stronger responses during non-reorienting trials initially, and the opposite pattern during later processing. Finally, stronger functional connectivity was found following target presentation (575-700 ms) between bilateral superior parietal lobules during attentional reorienting. In sum, these data show that visual attention is served by multiple cortical regions within the DAN and VAN, and that attentional reorienting processes are often associated with spectrally-specific oscillations that have largely distinct spatiotemporal dynamics.
International Comparisons of the Dysregulation Profile Based on Reports by Parents, Adolescents, and Teachers

Our objective was to examine international similarities and differences in the Dysregulation Profile (DP) of the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL), Teacher’s Report Form (TRF), and Youth Self-Report ...
An Evaluation of INS and GPS for Autonomous Navigation

Abstract This paper focuses on the evaluation of two types of positioning systems commonly used for outdoor autonomous navigation: an Inertial Navigation System (INS) and a Global Positioning System (GPS). The INS used for these tests was the H-726 Modular Azimuth Positioning System (MAPS) marketed by Honeywell Inc., Clearwater, Florida. Two Z-12 GPS receivers manufactured by Ashtec Inc., Sunnyvale, California, were also evaluated while operating in kinematic differential mode and carrier phase differential mode. The results obtained from these tests illustrate the marked improvement in autonomous navigation when an INS is integrated with GPS, operating using either the kinematic differential or the carrier phase differential corrections.
Rights, Reasonable Expectations, and Rationing: A Commentary on the Essays of Ruth Mattheis and Baruch Brody

Ingredient in the very structure of capitalist democracy is the necessity for so-called “trade-offs,” a term in ever-increasing use these days in the context of the economics of health care. In fact, the very idea of trade-offs in the health care context tends nowadays to plague us all; even the affluent are following the economics of health care and wondering where it will all lead. The furrowed brow is now commonly worn on the heads of physicians and patients alike. The worry is that with respect to medical and health care (for those who draw this distinction) equality and efficiency, democracy and capitalism, humanitarianism and rational spending, even ethical principles and economic propositions are now in conflict; this can also be expressed as a conflict between rights and dollars. There is one way to resolve the conflict: namely, provide a powerful argument to show that there is a right to health care for each and every citizen. After all, it is also a maxim of democratic capitalism that equally distributed (essentially cost-free) rights should not be given a pecuniary value — ought not to be bought and sold for money.
Dynamics and Mass

There are three spiral galaxies in our Local Group: the Milky Way Galaxy (MWG), the Andromeda Galaxy (M31, NGC 224) and M33 (NGC 598). These three are the largest and brightest of the 50 or so members of the group. The others are all low-luminosity elliptical galaxies, irregular galaxies and dwarf spheroidal galaxies.
Ultra Wideband: Circuits, Transceivers and Systems

This chapter discusses circuit-level issues related to the design of transceivers for ultra wideband systems. Several techniques for achieving broadband gain, and their trade-offs with respect to power, performance and area are presented. An overview of circuit approaches for front-end and variable gain amplification, frequency translation, filtering, data conversion and frequency synthesis is provided. The problem of interference and coexistence in UWB systems is introduced.
Optimizing Power @ Design Time – Interconnect and Clocks

ion layers are different: – For computation: device, gate, logic, micro-architecture – For communication: wire, link, network, transport Helps to organize along abstraction layers, wellunderstood in the networking world: the OSI protocol stack Slide 6.12 The techniques to make interconnect more energy efficient are in many ways similar to what we do for logic. In a way, they are somewhat simpler, as they relate directly to what people have learned for a long time in the world of (largescale) communications and networking. Hence, it hence pays off to consider carefully what designers have come up with in those areas. We should keep the following caveat in mind however: what works on the macro scale, does not always scale well to the micro scale. Not all physical parameters scale equally. For example, at shorter wire lengths and lower energy levels, the cost of signal shaping and detection becomes more important (and often even dominant). Yet, over time we have seen more and more of what once was systemor board-level architecture migrate to the die.
Applications to a Miscellany of Marketing Problems

We have seen applications of conjoint analysis to marketing problems such as product design, market segmentation, product positioning and pricing. We have also seen that conjoint simulators have been quite helpful in dealing with these questions. In this process, we have tangentially dealt with the design of appropriate competitive strategies. The objective of this chapter is to present an overview of several other applications to demonstrate the versatility of the methodology of conjoint analysis for general research in marketing.
X-ray Structure, Sequence and Solution Properties of Ornithine Decarboxylase from Lactobacillus 30a

The polyamines, putrescine, spermidine and spermine, are essential for all cells and their concentrations within cells are highly regulated. The synthesis of polyamines begins with the conversion of ornithine into putrescine which is also the starting material for the synthesis of spermidine and spermine. In mammalian cells, fungi, and most protozoa the only route available to synthesize putrescine is via the enzyme ornithine decarboxylase, a pyridoxal phosphate-dependent enzyme. We have determined the gene sequence and X-ray structure of ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) from Lactobacillus 30a. This ODC is a dodecamer of ~1MDa that crystallizes in space group P6, a = b = 195.6A, c = 97.6A with two 730 a.a. residue monomers/ asymmetric unit.
Adam Smith in the Mathematics Classroom.

ECONOMISTS are constantly in the news. We think of their pronouncements as we shop, write laws, elect officials, declare war or peace, negotiate (person ally or as a nation) with our friends and rivals all over the world. Can we use these deep concerns to enrich the teaching of mathematics? The purpose of this paper is to indicate how the standard curriculum can be motivated, illuminated, and reviewed by ideas from economics without overburdening either student or teacher.
The Economic Burden of Pediatric Postconcussive Syndrome.

Objective To estimate the direct costs of pediatric postconcussive syndrome (PCS). Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Subspecialty sports medicine clinics of a large pediatric tertiary care network in the United States. Patients One hundred fifty-four patients aged 5 to 18 years with PCS, evaluated between 2010 and 2011. Assessment of independent variables Direct costs included visits to sports medicine clinic, visio-vestibular therapy, homebound education, subspecialist referral, and prescription-only medications (amantadine and amitriptyline), all measured beginning at 28 days after injury. Main outcome measures Postconcussive syndrome was defined as persistence beyond 28 days from injury. Results The cost incurred by each PCS patient for sports medicine visits was $1575, for visio-vestibular therapy was $985, for homebound tutoring was $55, for prescription medications was $22, and for subspecialist referral was $120, totaling $3557 per patient, with a 95% confidence interval range of $2886 to $4257. Conclusions Given the high economic costs of PCS determined in this study, therapies that mitigate this syndrome may have the potential to be cost-effective and even cost saving.
The effect of administrative form and stability on cities’ use of greenhouse gas emissions inventories as a basis for mitigation

Sparked by their emergence as innovative climate policy leaders, cities’ decisions to engage in greenhouse gas (GHG) mitigation planning have been the subject of extensive examination over the last...