cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Turning Wounds into Wisdom: Resilience and Posttraumatic Growth

Through my observations of my clients, I have witnessed the undeniable power of resilience, that is, the ability that humans have to adapt to, navigate, and even grow from life’s most painful events. Resilience has been described as the capacity to adapt successfully to disturbances that threaten functioning, sustainability, and future development. Therefore, resilience is not the absence of suffering but the capacity to adapt to survive in painful or unpredictable circumstances. Researchers have even argued that survival through hardship and triumph over adversity can make a survivor more focused and more feeling and, in turn, expand one’s capacity for compassion, spirituality, and creativity. The loss of stability and security allows room for growth, adaption, and evolution. The Posttraumatic Growth Model posits that in the aftermath of trauma and the return to homeostasis, development of a positive outlook on life can emerge. Chapter 10 begins with an exploration of vulnerability and shame through the lens of Shame Resilience Theory. Subsequently, the anatomy of resilience is explored through a theoretical and clinical lens. Finally, this chapter explores the emergence and impact of the Posttraumatic Growth Model and the impact this has on an individual’s intuition, internal guidance, and power.
Analysis of Two Step Learning Systems

Learning systems are evolving into a significant method to allow physical systems to track a desired trajectory. Frequency domain analysis has contributed to a better understanding of the behavior of learning systems. This paper proposes a method which uses the errors from both the previous trial and the second trial back. This law yields better convergence and model error tolerance than single step laws.
Career Development and Planning: A Comprehensive Approach

This text integrates theoretical material and provides a practical slant. The many discussions and exercises enable readers to explore their own career issues in order to learn practical approaches to career planning. The authors cover basic career concepts and decision making; social conditions affecting career development such as the global economy and organizational culture; and practical information on implementing a strategic career plan. Many books in this area provide an extensive survey of various theoretical approaches to career planning/development. However, this text constitutes a systematically designed course based on the cognitive information processing model of career problem solving and decision making. This model provides a practical and realistic vehicle to inform students about career planning and management interventions and to accommodate students at different levels of decidedness about their career aspirations.
Using Fuzzy Information in Knowledge Guided Segmentation of Brain Tumors

This paper presents a system that integrates a knowledge-based system with unsupervised fuzzy clustering to automatically segment and label glioblastoma multiforme tumors in magnetic resonance slices of the human brain. Each slice is initially segmented by an unsupervised fuzzy c-means algorithm. The segmented image, along with a set of tissue cluster centers and some knowledge gathered during “pre-processing,” is then given to the rule-based system which uses model-based recognition techniques and further fuzzy clustering to iteratively locate tissues of interest. These “focus-of-attention” tissues are analyzed by matching them with expected characteristics. Further fuzzy reclustering is aided by the use of initialization and training data created by the knowledge system.
The novel metallothionein genes of Caenorhabditis elegans : structural organization and inducible, cell-specific expression

Two genes (mtl-1 and mtl-2) that encode the novel metallothioneins (MTs) of Caenorhabditis elegans (CeMTs) were cloned and characterized. Both genes contain a single intron that interrupts codon 6 and short 3‘-untranslated regions. However, their promotor regions are distinctively non-homologous. The mtl-2 promoter contains a TATAA box and a single putative metal regulatory element. These elements are absent in the mtl-1 promoter. Nevertheless, both CeMT1 and CeMT2 mRNAs are induced by cadmium and contain precisely initiated, 5‘-untranslated sequences. The inducibility and cell type specificity of metallothionein gene expression were investigated in transgenic C. elegans that carry the lacZ (beta-galactosidase) reporter gene under the control of an mtl-1 or mtl-2 promoter sequence. Upon treatment of transgenic C. elegans with cadmium or heat stress, the mtl-2:lacZ fusion gene is abundantly and exclusively expressed in the intestinal cells of larvae and adult animals. Expression is not detected in the absence of metal or heat shock. In contrast, an mtl-1:lacZ construct is constitutively expressed in the pharynx and induced by cadmium and heat shock in the intestinal cells of C. elegans larvae. The metal-inducible expression of the mtl-1:lacZ gene is attenuated in adult transgenic nematodes. Thus, the activity of each mtl promoter is modulated by metals as well as developmental and environmental factors.
Food Consumption Trends in the Pacific Rim

The growing affluence of the Pacific Rim countries has changed food consumption patterns. Diets in the region have become more diverse and well-balanced nutritionally. Western-style foods are becoming increasingly popular and available to people in the region. The rapid growth of fast-food chains and supermarkets present U.S. agricultural exporters with a myriad of opportunities for exporting food products to the Pacific Rim. Food producers who are willing to modify their products to the tastes of Pacific Rim consumers will have the most success. By reformulating food products and developing new packaging technologies more high-value foods can be sold in the Pacific Rim. U.S. food processors must also develop improved methods of processing traditional foods eaten by people in the region into more convenient forms. Finally, it is important for U.S. agricultural exporters to keep a close watch on the changing trends in food consumption in the region in order to stay competitive and increase their opportunit...
Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a regulatory agency of the United States federal government. This article describes the scope of work of each of the FDA's major components, and addresses the role of statisticians at FDA. Keywords: drug regulation; clinical trials; medical devices; safety; bioassay
The Amino Acid Sequences of the α and β Chains of Hemoglobin from the Snake, Liophis Miliaris

The hemoglobin of Liophis miliaris has unusual properties. The hemoglobin is dimeric in the oxy form, and the cooperativity of O2 binding is very low, but both the Bohr effect and cooperativity are greatly enhanced in the presence of ATP (Matsuura, M. S. A., Ogo, S. H., and Focesi, A., Jr. (1987) Comp. Biochem. Physiol. 86A, 683-687). Four unique chains (2 alpha, 2 beta) can be isolated from the hemolysate. The amino acid sequences of one alpha and one beta chain have been determined in an effort to understand the functional properties. Comparison of the sequences with those of the alpha and beta chains of human Hb shows the following. (i) All 7 of the residues in the beta chain normally conserved in globins are identical to those of the human chain: Gly(B6), Phe(CD1), His(E7), Leu(F4), His(F8), Lys(H10), and Tyr(HC2), except that the distal His(E7) has been replaced by Gln in the alpha chain. (ii) All heme contact residues in the beta chain are identical with those in the human chain, but two differences are present in the alpha chain: the distal His(E7) is replaced by Gln and Met(B13) by Leu. (iii) All residues that form the binding site for organic phosphates are identical to those in human Hb. (iv) The major residues that contribute to the normal Bohr effect in human Hb, Asp-beta 94, His-beta 146, and Val-alpha 1 are conserved. (v) All beta chain residues at the alpha 1 beta 2 interface are identical with those in the human chain except two: Glu(G3)----Val and Glu(CD2)----Thr; these differences in charged residues may explain the dissociation to dimers. (vi) The 23 residues of the alpha chain in the alpha 1 beta 2 contact region are identical with those of the human chain except three: Phe(B14)----Leu, Thr(C3)----Gln and Pro(CD2)----Ser. (vii) A total of 17 differences occur at the alpha 1 beta 1 interface, 11 in the alpha chain and 6 in the beta chain.
Confirmatory factor analysis of the Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) in children and adolescents with ADHD

The Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) is a parent report measure designed to assess executive skills in everyday life. The present study employed a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to evaluate three alternative models of the factor structure of the BRIEF. Given the executive functioning difficulties that commonly co-occur with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), the participants included 181 children and adolescents with a diagnosis of ADHD. The results indicated that an oblique two-factor model, in which the Monitor subscale loaded on both factors (i.e., Behavioral Regulation, Metacognition) and measurement errors for the Monitor and Inhibit subscales were allowed to correlate, provided an acceptable goodness-of-fit to the data. This two-factor model is consistent with previous research indicating that the Monitor subscale reflects two dimensions (i.e., monitoring of task-related activities and monitoring of personal behavioral activities) and thus loads on multiple factors. These findings support the clinical relevance of the BRIEF in children with ADHD, as well as the multidimensional nature of executive functioning.
Reforming Public Bureaucracy through Economic Incentives

All public bureaucracies must resolve two fundamental problems. First, they must specify individual tasks in a way that is consistent with each official's information-processing capabilities, and, second, they must motivate officials to carry out their duties conscientiously. It is pointless for low-level officials to know what they ought to do if they are not motivated to do it and equally futile to design a sophisticated motivational system that is ineffective because bureaucrats lack crucial information. Therefore, an organizational designer must find the mixture of behavioral rules and discretion which assures that officials will be both competent and motivated (see Bardach and Kagan; Mitnick and Backoff; Simon). At one extreme, the public agency can rely on officials' professionalism to resolve both the information-processing and motivational issues. Under this model, bureaucrats are trained in professions which emphasize not only technical competence but also conscientious devotion to duty. Given professional indoctrination, agency rules need not be rigid and clearcut. They can, instead, basically exhort officials to perform well and act to further the goals of the agency. In bureaucratic situations where there is considerable uncertainty about the best type of behavior, professional training can encourage officials to share their problems and successes and work toward a fuller, mutual under-
Laboratory measurements of the dielectronic recombination satellite transitions of He-like Fe XXV and H-like Fe XXVI

We present laboratory spectra of dielectronic recombination (DR) satellite transitions attached to the He-like and H-like iron resonance lines obtained with the NASA Goddard Space Flight Center X-ray calorimeter and produced by a thermal plasma simu1ation technique on the EBIT-I electron beam ion trap at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. We demonstrate that the calorimeter has sufficient spectral resolution in the 6-9 keV range to provide reliable measurements not only of standard DR satellite to resonance line intensities but also of DR satellite to DR satellite ratios that can be used to diagnose nonthermal electron distributions. Electron temperatures derived from the measured line intensities are consistent with the temperature of the simulated plasma. Temperature measurements based on DR satellite transitions have significant advantages over those based on collisional ionization equilibrium or continuum shape. Thus, successful demonstration of this method with the X-ray calorimeter is an important step fur its application in X-ray astronomy.
Inflammatory Pseudotumor of the Mediastinum Associated With Azacytidine Therapy, Acute Myeloid Leukemia, and Previous Chemotherapy for Astrocytoma Case Report and Review of the Literature

We report the rare case of a rapidly growing inflammatory pseudotumor arising in the mediastinum of a 30-year-old man with myelodysplastic syndrome secondary to treatment for grade 3 astrocytoma. The tumor was discovered soon after discontinuation of 5-azacytidine therapy for myelodysplasia. Fine-needle aspiration was suggestive, and thoracoscopic biopsy was diagnostic. The tumor was excised because of rapid growth and encroachment on the left pulmonary artery and lung. Postoperatively, blastemia was discovered. Acute myeloid leukemia was confirmed by bone marrow biopsy. The patient died of aspiration pneumonia before commencement of leukemia chemotherapy. This case illustrates a rare occurrence of inflammatory pseudotumor in the mediastinum complicating or arising in the setting of multiple primary cancers and chemotherapy. A temporal association with azacytidine therapy is noted. Int J Surg Pathol 3(1):49-58, 1995
A Documentary History of African-American Freedom: An Introduction to the Race, Slavery and Free Blacks Microfilm Collection

This essay offers an introduction to the Race, Slavery and Free Blacks: Petitions to Southern Legislatures and County Courts microfilm collection, edited and published by Professor Loren Schweninger and the Race and Slavery Petitions Project at The University of North Carolina at Greensboro. In 2003–04 the author joined the RSPP staff as the National Historical and Public Records Commission's Fellow in Documentary Editing. This essay identifies how the petition testimonies included in this unusual microfilm collection can inform our understanding of African-American freedom before emancipation. More specifically, it examines petition testimonies filed with county courts and legislatures for evidence of how slaves, slaveholders and free African-Americans experienced the legal process of manumission. It argues for petition testimonies as a unique form of African-American narrative.
Predicted Efficiency of a Nanofluid-Based Direct Absorption Solar Receiver

Due to its renewable and non-polluting nature solar energy is often used in applications such as electricity generation, thermal heating and chemical processing. The most cost-effective solar heaters are of the “flat-plate” type, but these suffer from relatively low efficiency and outlet temperatures. The present study theoretically investigates the feasibility of using a direct absorption solar receiver (DAR) and compares its performance with that of a typical flat-plate collector. Here a nanofluid—a mixture of water and aluminum nanoparticles—is used as the absorbing medium. A two-dimensional heat transfer analysis was developed in which direct sunlight was incident on a thin flowing film of nanofluid. The effects of absorption and scattering within the nanofluid were accounted for. In order to evaluate the temperature profile and intensity distribution within the nanofluid the energy balance equation and heat transport equation were solved numerically. It was observed that the presence of nanoparticles increases the absorption of incident radiation by more than 9 times over that of pure water. According to the results obtained from this study, under similar operating conditions, the efficiency of a DAR using nanofluid as the working fluid is found to be up to 10% higher (on an absolute basis) than that of a flat-plate collector.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
In vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolone CP-99,219.

Abstract The in vitro activity of the new fluoroquinolone CP-99,219 [7-(3-azabicyclo[3.1.0]hexyl)naphthyridone] was compared with those of four other quinolones against 541 gram-negative, 283 gram-positive, and 70 anaerobic bacterial isolates. CP-99,219 inhibited 90% of many isolates in the family Enterobacteriaceae at a concentration of 16 micrograms/ml. Streptococci were inhibited by < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml, an activity comparable to that of tosufloxacin. CP-99,219 was eight times more active than ciprofloxacin against Streptococcus pneumoniae. Bacteroides species were inhibited by CP-99,219 at a concentration of 2 micrograms/ml, whereas inhibition of these species required 4- and 16-microgram/ml concentrations of tosufloxacin and ciprofloxacin, respectively. The MBCs of CP-99,219 ranged from two to four times the MICs, and inoculum size had a minimal effect on MIC. CP-99,219 was active against P. aeruginosa at pH 5.5, with only a fourfold increase in MIC compared with values obtained at pH 7.5. The addition of up to 9 mM Mg(2+) increased the MIC range from 0.03 to 0.06 microgram/ml to 0.12 to 0.5 microgram/ml. In view of its excellent in vitro activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, CP-99,219 merits further study to determine it's clinical pharmacologic properties and potential for therapeutic use.
Construction of a surgical stent for posttraumatic nasal synechia

This article describes the clinical and laboratory procedures for the construction of a surgical stent for prevention of restenosis after the surgical opening of posttraumatic synechia of the posterior part of the nasal cavum.
The effect of myocardial infarction on sexual functioning

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of myocardial infarction on the marital and sexual functioning of 100 married male VA patients. Data were collected from questionnaires sent to subjects six months following discharge from the hospital. The study shows that a large number (30 percent) of the patients still had not resumed sexual intercourse six months after their discharge. The data also indicate that sexual activity generally reduced in frequency and that this decrease was related to a variety of concerns. It is also shown that high frequencies of sexual dysfunctioning occurred, specifically erectile difficulties (60 percent), premature ejaculation (37 percent) and retarded ejaculation (54 percent). The need for active sexual counseling as part of a comprehensive rehabilitation program is discussed.
Importance of engaging obstetrician/gynecologists in cardiovascular disease prevention

Purpose of reviewTo review recent evidence regarding traditional and sex-specific factors identified among women during their reproductive years and their importance in lifetime risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD).Recent findingsLongitudinal studies demonstrated a woman's burden of risk during her
Diffuse Spasm of the Esophagus

Abstract During the past ten years 7 men and 15 women with diffuse esophageal spasm have been seen at the Duke University Medical Center. Dysphagia and severe substernal pain were the two characteristic symptoms. Eleven of the 22 patients were treated with a long esophageal myotomy. Two had a diverticulum of the lower esophagus excised in addition, while 6 had an associated sliding hiatal hernia repaired. Three patients in whom the diagnosis was made retrospectively all had an epiphrenic diverticulum excised without a myotomy; in 1 an esophageal leak occurred. These 3 patients still have mild symptoms of their diffuse esophageal spasm. The results of myotomy have been satisfactory. Although this operation does not correct the cause of the disorder, the improvement in symptoms makes it worthwhile in selected patients.
Reduction and Error Correction for Communicative Language Use: The Focus Approach

have seen in the case of "pero" and "sino," such consciousness raising will doubtless prove not only necessary, but a productive use of everyone's time. We can consider such drills and practices as the "learning readiness" phase of instruction. It may seem that the recommendations being made here are inordinately complex when compared with the much more typical approach of working through a language program by substituting words in the target language for words in the native language. Yet, until the student realizes that even in his own language the words are the result of a communication act from the
Quantification of tillage and landscape effects on soil carbon in small Iowa watersheds

Knowledge of the long-term effects of tillage on soil organic carbon is important to our understanding of sustainable agricultural systems and global carbon cycles. In landscapes susceptible to erosion, tillage can exacerbate losses of soil and C by increasing erodibility and stimulating microbial respiration. We measured long-term changes in soil carbon and soil loss in three small watersheds located in southwest Iowa, USA. The following soil series were formed on deep loess hills: Ida and Dow (Typic Udorthents), Napier and Kennebec (Cumulic Hapludolls) and Monona (Typic Hapludolls). All watersheds were cropped to continuous corn (Zea mays L.) and two were moldboard plowed and disk tilled while the third was ridge-tilled. The ridge-tillage system had greater C contents in the surface soil than the disk tillage soils, but ridge-tillage was not different from the conventional tillage in carbon retention over time. The ridge-tillage system, however, was more effective in retaining soil within the watershed. Microbial respiration by soil microorganisms accounted for 97% of the carbon loss in the ridge-tilled watershed compared to carbon loss in eroded sediment (3%). Terrain analysis was used to segment the landscape into landform elements. Less total carbon was present in the soil profiles of backslope elements than in footslope or toeslope elements, reflecting the combined effects of soil erosion and deposition within the watersheds. Profile C content was also positively correlated with the wetness index, a compound topographic attribute, that identifies areas of the landscape where runoff water and sediment accumulate.
Computer-derived exposure lists for common contact dermatitis antigens

An established computer file was searched for lists of products containing 45 antigens recognized as causes of allergic contact dermatitis. The final lists included over 8000 products. The problem, potential and limitations of such lists are discussed.
Measurements of the Thermal Conductivity of Individual α-Tetragonal Boron Nanoribbons

Boron-based materials (i.e., boron and its borides) are mostly semiconductors with complex structures. These structures are characterized by an arrangement of an icosahedral cluster of B12 atoms [1]. The complexity of the crystal structure gives boron-based material a high melting point and low thermal conductivity at high temperature. On the other hand, the Seebeck coefficients and electrical conductivities of most bulk boron-based materials increase as temperature increases. Therefore, bulk boron-based materials are good candidates for high-temperature thermoelectric applications [2]. Due to the unique properties of bulk boron-based materials, one-dimensional nanostructures of boron-based materials have also attracted much attention, and various boron-based nanostructures have been synthesized recently [3]. These boron-based nanostructures are projected to be promising materials for novel nanoelectronic and nanoelectro-mechanical devices, as well as high temperature thermoelectric materials. However, compared to the extensive studies of carbon nanotubes and silicon nanowires, little has been done on the property characterization of boron and boride nanostructures.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Development of a Thyroperoxidase Inhibition Assay for High-Throughput Screening

High-throughput screening (HTPS) assays to detect inhibitors of thyroperoxidase (TPO), the enzymatic catalyst for thyroid hormone (TH) synthesis, are not currently available. Herein, we describe the development of a HTPS TPO inhibition assay. Rat thyroid microsomes and a fluorescent peroxidase substrate, Amplex UltraRed (AUR), were employed in an end-point assay for comparison to the existing kinetic guaiacol (GUA) oxidation assay. Following optimization of assay metrics, including Z', dynamic range, and activity, using methimazole (MMI), the assay was tested with a 21-chemical training set. The potency of MMI-induced TPO inhibition was greater with AUR compared to GUA. The dynamic range and Z' score with MMI were as follows: 127-fold and 0.62 for the GUA assay, 18-fold and 0.86 for the 96-well AUR assay, and 11.5-fold and 0.93 for the 384-well AUR assay. The 384-well AUR assay drastically reduced animal use, requiring one-tenth of the rat thyroid microsomal protein needed for the GUA 96-well format assay. Fourteen chemicals inhibited TPO, with a relative potency ranking of MMI > ethylene thiourea > 6-propylthiouracil > 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxy-benzophenone > 2-mercaptobenzothiazole > 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole > genistein > 4-propoxyphenol > sulfamethazine > daidzein > 4-nonylphenol > triclosan > iopanoic acid > resorcinol. These data demonstrate the capacity of this assay to detect diverse TPO inhibitors. Seven chemicals acted as negatives: 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone, dibutylphthalate, diethylhexylphthalate, diethylphthalate, 3,5-dimethylpyrazole-1-methanol, methyl 2-methyl-benzoate, and sodium perchlorate. This assay could be used to screen large numbers of chemicals as an integral component of a tiered TH-disruptor screening approach.
Crystal structure of a paired domain-DNA complex at 2.5 A resolution reveals structural basis for Pax developmental mutations.

Abstract The 2.5 A resolution structure of a cocrystal containing the paired domain from the Drosophila paired (prd) protein and a 15 by site shows structually independent N-terminal and C-terminal subdomains. Each of these domains contains a helical region resembling the homeodomain and the Hin recombinase. The N-terminal domain makes extensive DNA contacts, using a novel β turn motif that binds in the minor groove and a helixturn-helix unit with a docking arrangement surprisingly similar to that of the λ repressor. The C-terminal domain is not essential for prd binding and does not contact the optimized site. All known developmental missense mutations in the paired box of mammalian Pax genes map to the N-terminal subdomain, and most of them are found at the protein-DNA interface.
Distinct roles of bulbar muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in olfactory discrimination learning

The olfactory bulb (OB) and piriform cortex receive dense cholinergic projections from the basal forebrain. Cholinergic modulation within the piriform cortex has long been proposed to serve important functions in olfactory learning and memory. We here investigate how olfactory discrimination learning is regulated by cholinergic modulation of the OB inputs to the piriform cortex. We examined rats' performance on a two-alternative choice odor discrimination task following local, bilateral blockade of cholinergic nicotinic and/or muscarinic receptors in the OB. Results demonstrate that acquisition, but not recall, of novel discrimination problems is impaired following blockade of OB cholinergic receptors, although the relative contribution of muscarinic and nicotinic receptors depends on task difficulty. Blocking muscarinic receptors impairs learning for nearly all odor sets, whereas blocking nicotinic receptors only affects performance for perceptually similar odors. This pattern of behavioral effects is consistent with predictions from a model of cholinergic modulation in the OB and piriform cortex (de Almeida et al., 2013). Model simulations suggest that muscarinic and nicotinic receptors may serve complementary roles in regulating coherence and sparseness of the OB network output, which in turn differentially regulate the strength and overlap in cortical odor representations. Overall, our results suggest that muscarinic receptor blockade results in a bona fide learning impairment that may arise because cortical neurons are activated less often. Behavioral impairment following nicotinic receptor blockade may not be due to the inability of the cortex to learn, but rather arises because the cortex is unable to resolve highly overlapping input patterns.
New 12-channel carrier system for extended-area trunk and subscriber service

The design considerations and development of a 12-channel carrier system for trunk and subscriber service are described. The dual-sideband AM (amplitude-modulated) system uses one modulation step only and has a grouped and a stacked frequency allocation for use with and without repeaters respectively. Compandors supplied on an optional basis and the use of high-gain amplifiers make it advantageous to use wire and cable facilities at frequencies as high as 350 kc.
Meat enhances nonheme iron absorption in pigs

Human subjects absorb heme iron (Fe) more efficiently than nonheme Fe under most conditions. Meat enhances nonheme Fe absorption from most diets. It is not known whether these effects also occur in the pig, a promising model for human Fe absorption studies. The objective of this study was to compare Fe bioavailability from diets containing nonheme Fe (NHI), nonheme Fe with meat (NHI/M) and heme Fe (HI) in the weanling pig. Iron bioavailability was measured by hemoglobin (Hb) repletion assay. Diets were formulated to contain 150 mg Fe/kg diet. Nonheme Fe was supplied as ferric citrate and heme Fe as dried animal red blood cells. Pigs were made anemic by reducing the standard Fe injection at birth to 30 mg and feeding a low Fe transition diet post-weaning until age 41 days. At 41 days of age, pigs were assigned to 3 groups of 8 animals such that mean Hb concentration and body weight of each group were nearly equal. Groups were randomly assigned to 1 of 3 repletion diets. After 7 days feeding, Hb repletion efficiency (HRE) was 21.8% in pigs fed the NHI/M diet compared to 11.2% and 9.1% in pigs fed the NHI or HI diets, respectively. The results presented here demonstrate that, in Fe-deficient weanling pigs, meat increases nonheme Fe bioavailability from corn-based diets while heme Fe, supplied by dried animal red blood cells, is no more bioavailable than Fe from ferric citrate. The results of this study provide further evidence of the validity of the pig model for studying food Fe bioavailability.
Investigation of the ceriumIV oxidation of poly(vinyl alcohol)

Etude de l'amorcage du greffage par l'ion Ce(IV) de composes vinyliques sur le PVOH par l'etude de la formation et de la duree de vie de complexes entre le Ce(IV) et respectivement, un PVOH commercial, un PVOH sans groupement diol et plusieurs diols-1,2 modeles. Comparaison de la reactivite relative du Ce(IV) vis-a-vis de ces composes en calculant l'energie conformationnelle minimale d'un segment d'une chaine de PVOH a l'aide d'un programme CMEMLAB-II
Summer Pediatric Research Program for College Students † 1914

Each summer from 1992-1996, the Department of Pediatrics has recruited promising college students who are interested in science for a work program in research in the Department of Pediatrics. Each student is assigned a research faculty mentor and has a specific research project to complete during the summer. The purposes of the program are 3 fold: 1) to encourage promising college students to choose medicine as a career, 2) to provide research experience to promising college students, and 3) to provide research assistance to research faculty. We recently asked each previous student participant to indicate their final career choice and each faculty member participant to indicate any abstracts, scientific articles or grants that were a direct result of the student research. Here, we review the results of this summer research program. During the years 1992-1996, 83 students have participated in the program involving 74 pediatric research faculty members. 43 abstracts, 21 scientific articles, and 7 grant applications have resulted from the student research program. 29 of the 73 students during the summers 1992-1995 have already entered graduate school in a health profession, 10 in medical school, others in nursing school, optometry school, basic science graduate school, and graduate school in psychology. This summer research program accomplishes all of the goals of the program, including recruitment of promising students into medicine and interaction of pediatric faculty with students at the college level. We encourage other institutions to consider such summer research programs.
Effect of mass transfer on solid‐catalyzed reactions: The dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to benzene

The reaction of gaseous components at a solid catalytic surface has long been a subject of prime engineering interest. Generally speaking one expects the reaction velocity constant to follow the Arrhenius exponential temperature dependence. However as the reaction temperature increases, the intrinsic reactivity of the surface will increase and mass transfer begins to limit the rate of the reaction. In the case of a porous solid catalyst, where most of the active surface is on the catalyst pellet interior, the rate-limiting process will frequently be internal diffusion, and in such a case the milder effect that temperature has on the diffusion process is the one observed in the gross kinetics, rather than the exponential Arrhenius dependence. The study reported here has examined the kinetics of the dehydrogenation of cyclohexane to benzene over a platinum-on-alumina pelleted catalyst. This is a notorious problem system, and in seeking to describe the observed rate data the authors provided a stern test for an analytical model treating the coordinate diffusion and reaction mechanisms. In particular the parameter of particle size was studied over a temperature range of from 640° to 910°F. For these runs reactor pressure was held constant at essentially 200 lb./sq. in. gauge (14.7 atm.), und the feed was maintained at 20 mole % cyclohexane, 80 mole % hydrogen.
Using Midsemester Student Feedback and Responding to It

Getting midsemester feedback from your students can help faculty make changes before it's too late.
Risk assessment in the environmental protection agency

Risk assessment is the general process used to determine the potential risk of an adverse health effect occurring from exposure to an agent. It consists of a hazard identification, a dose-response evaluation, an exposure assessment and a risk characterization. At the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, risk assessments are used to estimate risks from environmental contaminants. Risk management uses the risk characterization along with such variables as economic, social, legal, technical, analytical and political factors to arrive at a regulatory level. The public is informed of regulatory actions prior to and after promulgation of the final rule through the process of risk communication.
CUPRI observations of the east‐west power asymmetry in oblique type‐I echoes from the equatorial electrojet above Alcântara, Brazil

Radar observations of the equatorial electrojet at oblique incidence made by the Cornell University Portable Radar Interferometer (CUPRI) from Alcântara, Brazil show the same east-west asymmetry in the echo strength seen previously at Jicamarca, Peru, namely type-I echoes from the west are stronger than those from the east [Balsley, 1965]. One early theory attributed the results at Jicamarca to topographical asymmetries with the Andes Mountains to the east and the Pacific Ocean to the west [Ierkic et al., 1980]. However, the lack of comparable topographical features at Alcântara now implies that this postulate is no longer tenable. Other proposed theories are then examined, but none has so far been found to be fully consistent with both the CUPRI and the Jicamarca data.
Sexual adjustment of patients undergoing Gracilis myocutaneous flap vaginal reconstruction in conjunction with pelvic exenteration

BACKGROUND Although the technique for gracilis myocutaneous vaginal reconstruction was first described in the mid-1970s and has been used in conjunction with pelvic exenteration since that time, there is little available information regarding sexual adjustment after such a procedure. The purpose of this study was to assess the sexual adjustment of women who underwent pelvic exenteration and gracilis myocutaneous vaginal reconstruction at the study institution. METHODS In a prospective study design, 95 patients were identified who underwent pelvic exenteration and gracilis myocutaneous vaginal reconstruction at the study institution from 1977 through 1989 and a convenience sample was selected of 44 patients who completed a modified version of the Sexual Adjustment Questionnaire (SAQ) when they returned to the gynecologic oncology outpatient clinic for routine follow-up care. A vaginal assessment was also performed by the attending physician. RESULTS Twenty-one of 40 patients (52.5%) completing the questionnaire reported not resuming sexual activity after surgery; 19 patients reported resuming sexual activity between 1.5 months to 12 years postoperatively. Of the patients who resumed sexual activity, 84% did so within 1 year of surgery. The most common problems noted by patients in adjusting to sexual activity after surgery were self-consciousness about the urostomy or colostomy and being seen in the nude by their partner, vaginal dryness, and vaginal discharge. The mean rank of preexenteration SAQ scores was 66.4, and the mean rank of postexenteration scores was 48.7 (P < 0.0001), demonstrating that sexual adjustment after exenteration was significantly poorer than before the surgery. On the basis of data gathered from a vaginal assessment form, 31 of 44 patients (70.4%) were judged to have a potentially functional neovagina. CONCLUSIONS Based on the findings of this questionnaire study, sexual adjustment is often significantly impaired in women after pelvic exenteration and gracilis myocutaneous vaginal reconstruction. Future modifications in surgical technique, more realistic patient counseling, and aggressive postoperative support will hopefully minimize such problems. Cancer 1996;78:2229-35.
Modeling, analysis, and prediction of flutter at transonic speeds

The solutions of the two-degree-pf-freedom aeroelastic system of an airfoil about different elastic axes are shown to be algebraically homomorphic. A simple aerodynamic model allows the characterization of this system by the lift and moment slopes and two characteristic time constants from the indicia! response to pitch, in addition to the usual structural parameters. Algebraic expressions for the flutter speed and frequency in terms of these parameters are thus derived. For flutter frequencies that are small compared with the characteristic time constants or for time constants that are close in magnitude, these expressions can be further simplified to uncoupled, explicit expressions. Many characteristics of flutter and their parametric dependency are readily discernible from these expressions, including the condition for flutter. It is shown that the flutter speed reaches the minimum (the so-called transonic dip) as the slope of pitching (about midchord) moment curve Cma becomes maximum. Hence, the Mach number of the transonic dip is predictable using quasisteady aerodynamics. Examples are also given to show the applicability of this simple criterion for the transonic dip of supercritical wings.
The High-Affinity E. coli Methionine ABC Transporter: Structure and Allosteric Regulation

The crystal structure of the high-affinity Escherichia coli MetNI methionine uptake transporter, a member of the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)–binding cassette (ABC) family, has been solved to 3.7 angstrom resolution. The overall architecture of MetNI reveals two copies of the adenosine triphosphatase (ATPase) MetN in complex with two copies of the transmembrane domain MetI, with the transporter adopting an inward-facing conformation exhibiting widely separated nucleotide binding domains. Each MetI subunit is organized around a core of five transmembrane helices that correspond to a subset of the helices observed in the larger membrane-spanning subunits of the molybdate (ModBC) and maltose (MalFGK) ABC transporters. In addition to the conserved nucleotide binding domain of the ABC family, MetN contains a carboxyl-terminal extension with a ferredoxin-like fold previously assigned to a conserved family of regulatory ligand-binding domains. These domains separate the nucleotide binding domains and would interfere with their association required for ATP binding and hydrolysis. Methionine binds to the dimerized carboxyl-terminal domain and is shown to inhibit ATPase activity. These observations are consistent with an allosteric regulatory mechanism operating at the level of transport activity, where increased intracellular levels of the transported ligand stabilize an inward-facing, ATPase-inactive state of MetNI to inhibit further ligand translocation into the cell.
Clinical, echocardiographic, and biomechanical differences in mitral valve prolapse affecting one or both leaflets

Mitral valve prolapse (MVP) is the most common cause of severe mitral regurgitation necessitating surgical correction. Unileaflet prolapse (ULP), usually involving the posterior leaflet, is more common than bileaflet prolapse (BLP), which is more difficult to repair. Little is known about clinical, echocardiographic, and biomechanical differences between ULP and BLP. In this study, biomechanical testing was performed on mitral valve leaflets and chordae obtained at operation for severe mitral regurgitation. Preoperative clinical characteristics and echocardiographic measurements were obtained on surgical patients (ULP = 88, BLP = 37). Men outnumbered women by a factor of 4:1 in ULP, and by 3:1 in BLP. Patients with BLP were younger (53.2 ± 1.7 vs 59.5 ± 1.1 years) than those with ULP, and this difference was greater in women (48.9 ± 2.5 vs 62.9 ± 2.2 years). BLP patients were less likely to be hypertensive, and more likely to undergo valve replacement rather than repair. Echocardiography showed that BLP leaflets were longer and thicker than ULP leaflets. The severity of mitral regurgitation was similar in both groups, although ULP patients had a much higher incidence of flail leaflets (45% vs 5% in BLP). Mechanical strength of chordae was greater in BLP than in ULP, although leaflet strength was similar. The increased chordal strength in BLP may be responsible for less flail. In patients with MVP and severe mitral regurgitation requiring surgery, ULP and BLP are distinct entities with substantial differences in the population affected, in echocardiographic manifestations including prevalence of flail, in chordal mechanics, and in the likelihood of surgical repair.
Design and analysis of laboratory experiments in behavioral science

Computers which have been designed to facilitate the study of organizations in the laboratory are now contributing to the measurement of models of human behavior. Problems of data storage, retrieval and analysis are discussed in the context of three completed experiments in organizations theory, game theory and microeconomics.
Examination of MgATP binding in a tryptophan-shift mutant of phosphofructokinase from Bacillus stearothermophilus

Abstract A tryptophan-shift variant of Bacillus stearothermophilus phosphofructokinase (BsPFK), W179F/F76W, was constructed to evaluate the binding and allosteric characteristics associated with MgATP. W179F/F76W BsPFK has a specific activity of 77 ± 1 U/mg at pH 7 and 25 °C, which is a 35% decrease compared to the wild-type enzyme. The K m for MgATP increases from 43 ± 3 μM for wild-type BsPFK to 160 ± 7 μM in the variant. Binding and allosteric interaction between Fru-6-P and PEP for the variant are similar to those of the wild-type enzyme. W179F/F76W BsPFK has distinct fluorescence properties relative to wild-type or other tryptophan-shifted mutants of BsPFK. The binding of MgATP produces an 80% decrease in the fluorescence intensity while MgADP causes a 70% decrease. Capitalizing on these fluorescence changes, dissociation constants of 30 ± 1 μM and 0.53 ± 0.02 mM were measured for MgATP and MgADP, respectively. In addition, PEP was shown to enhance MgATP binding by 2.6-fold.
A chromatographic technique (sephadex LH-20) for the separation of major prostaglandins

Abstract A chromatographic system for prostaglandins has been developed using a column containing LH-20 sephadex. Different degrees of resolution are possible by altering the fraction of methanol in methylenechloride. A 80 × 1 cm column with 5% methanol:CH 2 Cl 2 separates the major classes A, E, F. 2% methanol:CH 2 Cl 2 separates A 1 from A 2 and B 2 . Experience with LH-20 sephadex suggests its value in terms of reproducibility, recovery, speed, and evidence for low blank readings in a radioimmunoassay.
1088 HYPOMORPHIC VARIANT OF THE FAST C3 ALLELE, GLOMERULO-NEPHRITIS AND ARTHRITIS

Hypomorphism (decreased synthesis) of the common fast allele of C3 was found in 4 members (3 males, 1 female) and three generations of one family consistent with autosomal codominant inheritance. This hypomorphic variant (C3f) of serum was detected by three methods: inspection following prolonged agarose electrophoresis, crossed-gel immunoelectrophoresis and automatic spectrodensitometry of stained typing plates. All affected members have a normal slow (C3S) and a hypomorphic fast (C3f) allele, 3/4 have significantly decreased serum C3 protein concentration (between 54-59% of normal mean C3, normal range ± 2 S.D. is 62-138%) and the fourth has borderline low serum C3 (62%) 4/4 have significantly decreased hemolytic serum C3 concentrations but all have normal CH50. The propositus, a 14 year old female, has proteinuria, polyarthritis of large joints and a false positive test for syphilis. An affected sibling has micro-hematuria and proteinuria. Renal biopsy of the propositus showed intense granular C3 deposits and mild IgG deposits on the glomerular basement membranes by immunofluorescence and discrete subepithelial deposits by electron microscopic study. Only one family with a hypomorphic C3f allele has previously been reported. The significance of hypomorphic variants of C3 is not known, but the detection of an immune complex-type disease in this second family may indicate a susceptibility to certain diseases in such individuals.
Ends in spanning trees

Abstract We refer to [2] for terminology not specified here. Graphs mentioned in this note are undirected, simple. The following definition is due to Halin [1]: an end E of an infinite graph G is a set of 1-way infinite paths in G such that P,Q ϵ E iff for any finite subset R of V(G) there is a finite path in G −R joining P and Q. An end E of G is free if there is an finite subset R of the vertex set V(G) such that G − R has a component whose 1-way infinite paths belong to E. Zelinka [3] proved that any spanning tree of a connected infinite locally finite graph G contains at least one 1-way infinite path from any free end of G, and he conjectured that the word ‘free’ can be dropped. In this note, we prove the following stronger result.
An analog of ACTH/MSH (4–9), ORG-2766, reduces cerebral uptake of morphine

Abstract The uptake of morphine was significantly reduced in most regions of the brains of conscious, unrestrained rats within 10 minutes after treatment with an analog of ACTH/MSH (4–9), ORG-2766. The effect was most obvious in regions with significant densities of enkephalin receptors, namely basal ganglia, hippocampus and cortex. The results explain, in part, how some fragments and analogs of ACTH/MSH may antagonize behavioral actions of morphine, even though some of these peptides lack significant opiate receptor binding properties. We believe that this effect of ORG-2766 is related to an action on the permeability characteristics of the brain microvasculature. The underlying mechanism is unknown.