cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Online Search Terms During the Coronavirus and COVID-19 Pandemic: Contextualized in Social Behaviors

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) has created a global crisis that has impacted the world not only in health perspectives but in most aspects of life. In many countries around the world, people have been asked to isolate themselves in their houses since the middle of February and beginning of March 2020. The Internet and social networks became the main communication channel that users used to look for and search information. In this research, our focus is in studying main contexts that people were concerned about among this global crisis. We collected a large dataset of people searched through Google Trends. Results showed a mixture of main contexts people were largely discussing related to the disease and its expansion, treatments, in addition to other subjects such as health or food supplies, politics and entertainment.
Black, Indigenous, People of Color, and International Students: Experiences and Resolutions Beyond COVID-19.

Furthermore, seeking support from a mentor who does not identify as a person of color or from family and friends who have not experienced doctoral student realities has not been effective [ ]coping with stress in isolation with mounting responsibilities has left me perplexed with nowhere to turn According to a governmental modification announced on July 6, the US Department of State would not issue visas to international students who take fully online classes for the fall 2020 semester [ ]there was a reversal of the guidance that allows international students already in the United States to stay Some preexisting beliefs can reinforce stereotypes and stigma attached to BIPOC students [ ]more consistent training can initiate a path to a more comfortable relationship between BIPOC students and faculty who may not look like them 2 Develop and implement a diverse course curriculum
Free energy calculations shed light on the nuclear pore complex's selective barrier nature.

Abstract The nuclear pore complex (NPC) is the exclusive gateway for traffic control across the nuclear envelope. Although smaller cargoes (less than 5–9 nm in size) can freely diffuse through the NPC, the passage of larger cargoes is restricted to those accompanied by nuclear transport receptors (NTRs). This selective barrier nature of the NPC is putatively associated with the intrinsically disordered, phenylalanine-glycine repeat-domains containing nucleoporins, termed FG-Nups. The precise mechanism underlying how FG-Nups carry out such an exquisite task at high throughputs has, however, remained elusive and the subject of various hypotheses. From the thermodynamics perspective, free energy analysis can be a way to determine cargo’s transportability because the traffic through the NPC must be in the direction of reducing the free energy. In this study, we developed a computational model to evaluate the free energy composed of the conformational entropy of FG-Nups and the energetic gain associated with binding interactions between FG-Nups and NTRs and investigated whether these physical features can be the basis of NPC’s selectivity. Our results showed that the reduction in conformational entropy by inserting a cargo into the NPC increased the free energy by an amount substantially greater than the thermal energy (≫kBT), whereas the free energy change was negligible (
Induction of equine interferons.

Publisher Summary This chapter provides a brief narrative on the induction of three major types of equine interferons. All three types of equine interferons have high levels of antiviral activity on bovine and ovine cells. Equine leukocyte interferon has greater antiviral activity on bovine and ovine cells than on equine cells and demonstrable activity on human cells. Both equine fibroblast and immune interferons have approximately equivalent antiviral activity on equine, bovine, and ovine cells. Equine interferons are very similar to the well-studied human interferons in terms of their antiviral activity and their physiochemical properties, with few exceptions. For example, Newcastle disease virus (NDV)-induced human leukocyte interferon is acid stable at pH 2, similar to poly(I)·poly(C)-induced leukocyte interferon; however, NDV-induced equine leukocyte interferon is acid labile at that pH. There are at least two possible explanations for this observation. First, there have already been demonstrated a number of nonallelic members within the human interferon alpha (α) and the bovine interferon alpha gene families. Several subtypes within the equine interferon alpha gene family could exist, because interferon genes are highly conserved in vertebrates. The products of these genes could have variable sensitivity to acid.
Phospholamban phosphorylation in intact ventricles. Phosphorylation of serine 16 and threonine 17 in response to beta-adrenergic stimulation.

Phospholamban is the major membrane protein of the heart phosphorylated in response to β-adrenergic stimulation. In cell-free systems, cAMP-dependent protein kinase catalyzes exclusive phosphorylation of serine 16 of phospholamban, whereas Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase gives exclusive phosphorylation of threonine 17 (Simmerman, H. K. B., Collins, J. H., Theibert, J. L., Wegener, A. D., and Jones, L. R. (1986) J. Biol. Chem. 261, 13333–13341). In this work we have localized the sites of phospholamban phosphorylation in intact ventricles treated with the β-adrenergic agonist isoproterenol. Isolation of phosphorylated phospholamban from 32P-perfused guinea pig ventricles, followed by partial acid hydrolysis and phosphoamino acid analysis, revealed phosphorylation of both serine and threonine residues. At steady state after isoproterenol exposure, phospholamban contained approximately equimolar amounts of these two phosphoamino acids. Two major tryptic phosphopeptides containing >90% of the incorporated radioactivity were obtained from phospholamban labeled in intact ventricles. The amino acid sequences of these two tryptic peptides corresponded exactly to residues 14–25 and 15–25 of canine cardiac phospholamban, thus localizing the sites of in situ phosphorylation to serine 16 and threonine 17. Phosphorylation of phospholamban at two sites in heart perfused with isoproterenol was supported by detection of 11 distinct mobility forms of the pentameric protein by use of the Western blotting method, consistent with each phospholamban monomer containing two phosphorylation sites, and with each pentamer containing from 0 to 10 incorporated phosphates. Our results localize the sites of in situ phospholamban phosphorylation to serine 16 and threonine 17 and, furthermore, are consistent with the phosphorylations of these 2 residues being catalyzed by cAMP- and Ca2+/calmodulin-dependent protein kinases, respectively.
Safety and efficacy of concurrent neck dissection and transoral robotic surgery

Background The literature is scarce regarding transoral robotic surgery (TORS) with simultaneous neck dissection. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of concurrent neck dissection in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) treated with TORS. Methods Analysis of 113 patients with oropharyngeal SCC treated with TORS and concurrent neck dissection. Results Six intraoperative communications between the pharynx and neck region were recognized. After pharyngeal mucosal flap advancement, 1 defect was closed primarily and another one was reinforced with acellular dermal matrix. In 1 case, submandibular gland was transposed posteriorly over the sutured defect as a support. One omohyoid and 2 digastric muscular pedicle rotation flaps were used in the remaining 3 patients for the reconstruction of pharyngeal communications. None of the patients developed postoperative pharyngocutaneous fistula. Conclusion The advantage of TORS oropharyngectomy, when compared with open approaches, is the avoidance of pharyngocutaneous fistula even in the presence of concurrent neck dissection © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck, 2015
Studies in the tetraarylborates: The preparation and reagent properties of sodium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl) borate and sodium tetrakis (m-fluorophenyl) borate

Abstract Sodium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl) borate and sodium tetrakis(m-fluorophenyl) borate were synthesized by a new in situ method. Both salts formed precipitates with potassium, rubidium and cesium ions, quaternary ammonium and protonated basic nitrogen compounds. Potassium tetrakis(p-trifluoromethylphenyl) borate was more insoluble than potassium tetraphenylborate while cesium tetrakis (m-fluorophenyl) borate was less soluble than cesium tetrakis(p-fluorophenyl) borate. The salts formed with nitrogen-containing compounds offer possibilities for qualitative and quantitative analyses.
Dual Failure Criterion for Plain Concrete

Considering plain concrete as an isotropic homogeneous continuum, a criterion has been proposed to govern the failure of this material. According to this dual fracture-yield criterion, two modes of failure are possible, i.e., the material element may fail either in shear or in tension depending upon the corresponding strain (stress) state. It is shown in this paper that the proposed failure criterion is capable of predicting with accuracy the experimental results obtained from two different types of test. Moreover, it is proposed that the plane of the cleavage crack can be normal to the direction of the maximum tensile strain. This proposal can successfully predict the modes of failure of several experimental observations. A method has also been proposed of obtaining constant stress and strain states during unconfined compression tests.
The regulation and function of the helix-loop-helix gene, asense, in Drosophila neural precursors

asense is a member of the achaete-scute complex (AS-C) of helix-loop-helix genes involved in Drosophila neurogenesis. Unlike the other AS-C members, which are expressed in subsets of the ectodermal areas (proneural clusters) that give rise to neural precursors, asense is one of a number of genes that are specifically expressed in the neural precursors themselves (neural precursor genes). We have identified a mutant asense phenotype that may reflect this later expression pattern. As a step in understanding the determination of neural precursors from the proneural clusters, we have investigated the potential role of the AS-C products as direct transcriptional activators of neural precursor genes by analysing the regulation of asense. Using genomic rescues and asense-lacZ fusion genes, the neural precursor regulatory element has been identified. We show that this element contains binding sites for AS-C/daughterless heterodimers. Delection of these sites reduces the expression from the fusion gene, but significant expression is still achieved, pointing to the existence of other regulators of asense in addition to the AS-C. asense differs from the other AS-C members in its expression pattern, regulation, mutant phenotype and some DNA-binding properities.
Extrapulmonary tuberculosis presenting as a cavernous sinus syndrome: Case report with review of existing literature

Tuberculoma involving the cavernous sinus is a rare presentation of CNS disease, with only twelve cases reported in previous literature. We report a case of a 48 year old woman who presented with a right cavernous sinus syndrome of 2 months duration. MRI showed a mass in the right cavernous sinus, and serologic workup revealed an elevated sedimentation rate and positive Quantiferon®-GOLD testing. 18-FDG PET-CT demonstrated a hypermetabolic 3 cm subcarinal lymph node, and lymph node biopsy showed caseating granuloma. Culture of lymphatic tissue grew drug-sensitive M. tuberculosis. The patient was treated with a non-standard 4-drug regimen and prednisone, with rapid improvement of symptoms and radiologic abnormalities. Total length of treatment was 12 months. In addition, we review the 12 cases found in literature, and discuss clinical features, diagnostic dilemmas, and approaches to treatment.
The Cancer Aging Interface: A Research Agenda

There are substantial knowledge gaps in our understanding of the relationships between cancer and aging. These include areas of basic biology, societal aspects, and clinical aspects. Recommendations for research agendas in each of these areas are offered. In addition, the need for training investigators to work at this interface is addressed.
The 9/11 Commission and Disaster Management: Little Depth, Less Context, Not Much Guidance

The 9-11 Commission Report was considered for the National Book Award, both for the style in which it was written and for the manner in which the report provides crucial background information and puts the events of September 11, 2001 into a broader historical and policy context. My colleagues have said much the same thing in this review symposium. While that may be true for other parts of the report, such a perspective is missing from Chapter 9 "Heroism and Horror," the section on the emergency response following the attacks on the World Trade Center and the Pentagon. The report glosses over or ignores entirely factors that are key to the public's understanding of the emergency response on September 11. Focusing on the World Trade Center, for example, while Chapter 9 begins with the observation that "Emergency response is a product of preparedness," the chapter provides little information on the status of preparedness activities in New York at the time of the Trade Center attacks. When preparations by individual agencies such as the Port Authority and NYPD are discussed, the discussions center on details such as authority relationships within those agencies, radio frequencies used, and equipment. The authors do not address more important dimensions of emergency preparedness, such as the existence or quality of agency and interagency plans, previous citywide preparedness drills and exercises, special training first responders may have received, pre-existing mutual aid agreements among agencies or jurisdictions (or lack thereof), or other types of preparedness activities. Nor is there any real attempt to relate how agencies responded on September 11 to prior preparedness efforts. With respect to broader factors affecting preparedness, the report likewise ignores the fact that New York City, while at risk from terrorist attacks, is not particularly disasterprone and, except for the 1993 Trade Center bombing, had not faced a major event requiring a large-scale multiagency response in decades. New York can be contrasted with Los Angeles, which has extensive experience meeting the challenges associated with earthquakes, fires, and other major communitywide crises. The City had been carrying out regular drills focusing on different aspects of
Semiconductors in membrane mimetic systems

Abstract In situ generation and stabilization of colloidal semiconductors in synthetic single-bilayer surfactant and polymerized surfactant vesicles are described. Vesicles provide sites for the formation of controllable-sized semiconductors; shift the equilibrium between nucleation and particle growth in favor of the former; effect band gaps, reduction and oxidation potentials; and influence electron transfer to and from donors and acceptors located on, or in close proximity to, the semiconductor. A brief description of the properties of surfactant vesicles and polymerized surfactant vesicles is provided. Quantum size effects in, and water photoreduction by, vesicle-stabilized, colloidal CdS are then discussed in some detail.
Small Intestinal Bacterial Overgrowth: A Framework for Understanding Irritable Bowel Syndrome

ContextIrritable bowel syndrome (IBS), which affects 11% to 14% of the population, is a puzzling condition with multiple models of pathophysiology including altered motility, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal brain-gut interaction, autonomic dysfunction, and immune activation. Although no conceptual framework accounts for all the symptoms and observations in IBS, a unifying explanation may exist since 92% of these patients share the symptom of bloating regardless of their predominant complaint.Evidence AcquisitionOvid MEDLINE was searched through May 2004 for relevant English-language articles beginning with those related to bloating, gas, and IBS. Bibliographies of pertinent articles and books were also scanned for additional suitable citations.Evidence SynthesisThe possibility that small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (SIBO) may explain bloating in IBS is supported by greater total hydrogen excretion after lactulose ingestion, a correlation between the pattern of bowel movement and the type of excreted gas, a prevalence of abnormal lactulose breath test in 84% of IBS patients, and a 75% improvement of IBS symptoms after eradication of SIBO. Altered gastrointestinal motility and sensation, changed activity of the central nervous system, and increased sympathetic drive and immune activation may be understood as consequences of the host response to SIBO.ConclusionsThe gastrointestinal and immune effects of SIBO provide a possible unifying framework for understanding frequent observations in IBS, including postprandial bloating and distension, altered motility, visceral hypersensitivity, abnormal brain-gut interaction, autonomic dysfunction, and immune activation.
Factorizations for self-dual gauge fields

For a particular class of patching matrices onP3(ℂ), including those for the complex instanton bundles with structure group Sp(k,ℂ) orO(2k,ℂ), we show that the associated Riemann-Hilbert problemG(x, λ)=G−(x, λ)·G+−1(x, λ) can be generically solved in the factored formG−=φ1φ2.....φn. IfГ=Гn is the potential generated in the usual way fromG−, and we setψi=φ1.....,φi withψn=G−, then eachψialso generates a selfdual gauge potentialΓi. The potentials are connected via the “dressing transformations” $$\Gamma _\iota = \phi _i^{ - 1} \cdot \Gamma _{\iota - 1} \cdot \phi _i + \phi _i ^{ - 1} D\phi _i$$ of Zakharov-Shabat. The factorization is not unique; it depends on the (arbitrary) ordering of the poles of the patching matrix.
Method of administration determines the effect of naloxone on pain

The opiate antagonist, naloxone, produces dose-dependent biphasic changes in clinical pain. The mechanism of the analgesia produced by low dose naloxone is unknown. To study the analgesic effect of naloxone, we have used a programmable infusion pump, which eliminates placebo-induced endorphin-mediated analgesia, to administer different doses of naloxone. We report that use of machine infusion of naloxone exclusively produces analgesia. The implications of this finding to the mechanism of naloxone-induced analgesia are discussed.
E-Business management strategies: A business-to-business case study

Abstract Electronic business today plays a major role in the world's economic growth, thanks to the rapid advance in information technology. Recent estimates from Forrester Research show that by 2003 the value of E-commerce in the United States and Europe will reach $3 trillion. There have been many spectacular E-business successes, but there have also been numerous failures. This article presents a study of a business-to-business E-business deployment success at Intel Corp. in 1998. Intel successfully handled $1 billion in E-business sales in the first month of the deployment. For the year 2000, Intel's profits climbed to $10.5 billion to become the fifth most profitable company in the United States, up from its rank of eighth in 1999. the article concludes with lessons learned and success factors.
A Parallel Algorithm for the Knapsack Problem

A time–memory-processor tradeoff for the knapsack problem is proposed. While an exhaustive search over all possible solutions of an n-component knapsack requires T = 0(2n) running time, our parallel algorithm solves the problem in O(2n/2) operations and requires only 0(2n/6) processors and memory cells. It is an improvement over previous time–memory-processor tradeoffs, being the only one which outperforms the CmCs = 2" curve. Cm is the cost of the machine, i.e., the number of its processors and memory cells, and C, is the cost per solution, which is the product of the machine cost by the running time.
First time right deposition of embedded SiGe in new products

Embedded SiGe, used to boost pFET performance, is grown by selective epitaxy on silicon. Pattern density effects cause the deposited thickness to be different across different product chips under otherwise identical conditions. Since device control depends critically on thickness, we apply a pattern-density based predictive growth rate, which is used as input for the existing advanced process control method. We demonstrate that the deposited layer thickness is in acceptable range for device performance across a product chip.
Dislocation core fields and forces in FCC metals

Abstract Atomistic models were used to obtain dislocation core fields for edge, screw, and mixed dislocations in Al and Cu. Core fields are analyzed using a line force dipole representation with unequal dipole moments. The core field contribution to the force between dislocations is shown to be significant for interactions within 50b.
Health care workers' views about respirator use and features that should be included in the next generation of respirators.

Background Numerous studies have demonstrated that health care workers are, in general, poorly compliant with respiratory protection guidelines, especially when a N95 respirator is recommended. The purpose of this study was to assess health care workers' views about respirator use and the features they prefer to be included in the next generation of respirators. Methods A 63-item survey was distributed to health care workers in 27 units of 2 tertiary care medical centers. Results From a total of 559 surveys distributed at both hospitals, 159 responses were returned (response rate, 28%). Survey results indicated that health care workers seek respirators that are more comfortable, interfere less with breathing, diminish heat buildup, are disposable, and permit the user to have facial hair. Multivariate analyses suggest that emergency department staff had 12.3 greater odds of wanting a new respirator ( P = .031) as compared with their referent group. Males were more likely to indicate that the N95 respirator was comfortable to wear versus females ( P = .003). Conclusion To increase substantially the acceptance of respiratory protective equipment and improve compliance rates, respirators should be modified to meet the specific needs of health care workers.
License plate character segmentation from video images: A survey

License plate character segmentation is a crucial process of license plate recognition. During the process of image acquisition, because of light condition and the change of shooting distance and the diversity of the plate's format, the task become very challenging. Therefore, many algorithms are proposed under certain conditions, such as a fixed shooting distance or no illumination change. The purpose of this paper is to classify and assess the technique which has been developed for license plate character segmentation. Execution time, accuracy of segmentation, the robustness of algorithm will be reported. At last, the technique based on the connected component correction is proposed in the thesis. The result manifests that the accuracy of character segmentation could reach 84.4%.
Comment on the Stress-Induced Tricritical Point in MnO

Bloch et al. have observed that application of a [111] stress causes the first-order transition in MnO to become second order. We point out that the change of nature of the phase transition many be explained by noting that at zero stress the transition is described by an $n=8$ vector model which has no stable fixed point, while for large enough stress the transition is described by an $n=2$ model which has a stable fixed point. We suggest that a similar effect might be observed in U${\mathrm{O}}_{2}$, Cr, and Eu by applying a symmetry-breaking field, such as a nonisotropic stress or a magnetic field.
Rural ageing in the United States: Trends and contexts

Abstract This paper examines rural population ageing in the United States with a particular focus on the contrasting contexts in which older rural residents live. We compare the characteristics of the older population by rural versus urban residence, and explore challenges and opportunities associated with the ageing of rural baby boomers. The United States is a vast territory, and rural areas in the US are diverse regionally, in poverty and income, principal forms of employment, proximity to metropolitan areas, population size, density and composition, the history of change in these parameters, and a number of other factors that affect the ageing process. Hence, the diversity across rural areas is an important consideration in what affects the well being of rural elderly individuals, as well as the community-level impacts of rural ageing. Further, the characteristics of the older rural population help shape community and rural development outcomes for diverse rural communities. We use data from various US Census Bureau sources, and cite other studies to provide a demographic overview of ageing in the rural United States, and to analyze how this situation differs in varying socio-demographic and regional contexts. In the concluding section, we focus on policy implications associated with rural ageing.
Explaining Mercury’s density through magnetic erosion

Abstract In protoplanetary disks, dust grains rich in metallic iron can attract each other magnetically. If they are magnetized to values near saturation, the magnetically induced collision speeds are high enough to knock off the non-magnetized, loosely bound silicates. This process enriches the surviving portions of the dust grains in metallic iron, which further enhances the magnetically mediated collisions. The magnetic enhancement to the collisional cross-section between the iron rich dust results in rapid grain growth leading to planetesimal formation. While this process of knocking off silicates, which we term “magnetic erosion”, occurs only in a very limited portion of a protoplanetary disk, it is a possible explanation for Mercury’s disproportionately large iron core.
Corporate governance: The evolution of the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act and its impact on corporate America

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to evaluate recent corporate failures and their effect on financial statements, as well as the measures being taken to rebuild trust in corporate America. Design/methodology/approach – Looks at how corporate governance in the USA is undergoing comprehensive reforms, particularly the significant Sarbanes‐Oxley Act. Findings – Measures to rebuild trust in corporate America are being implemented. Originality/value – The paper is of value by showing how the Sarbanes‐Oxley Act is by far is the most important legislative act governing business in the beginning of the twenty‐first century.
Adenoviral-mediated placental gene transfer of IGF-1 corrects placental insufficiency via enhanced placental glucose transport mechanisms.

Previous work in our laboratory demonstrated that over-expression of human insulin-like growth factor -1 (hIGF-1) in the placenta corrects fetal weight deficits in mouse, rat, and rabbit models of intrauterine growth restriction without changes in placental weight. The underlying mechanisms of this effect have not been elucidated. To investigate the effect of intra-placental IGF-1 over-expression on placental function we examined glucose transporter expression and localization in both a mouse model of IUGR and a model of human trophoblast, the BeWo Choriocarcinoma cell line. Methods At gestational day 18, animals were divided into four groups; sham-operated controls, uterine artery branch ligation (UABL), UABL+Ad-hIGF-1 (108 PFU), UABL+Ad-LacZ (108 PFU). At gestational day 20, pups and placentas were harvested by C-section. For human studies, BeWo choriocarcinoma cells were grown in F12 complete medium +10%FBS. Cells were incubated in serum-free control media ±Ad-IGF-1 or Ad-LacZ for 48 hours. MOIs of 10∶1 and 100∶1 were utilized. The RNA, protein expression and localization of glucose transporters GLUT1, 3, 8, and 9 were analyzed by RT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry.
Biosynthesis of limonoids: Conversion of deacetylnomilinate to nomilin in Citrus limon

Abstract Radioactive tracer work showed that deacetylnomilinate was converted to nomilin in detached stems of young Citrus limon seedlings. This work and the previous findings suggest that deacetylnomilinate is the initial limonoid to be biosynthesized among the limonoids known to be present in Citrus. Possible biosynthetic pathways for the formation of limonoids in Citrus are proposed.
A 14.6 kyr record of nitrogen flux from desert soil profiles as inferred from vadose zone pore waters

A 14.6 kyr chronology of infiltration developed from deep vadose (unsaturated) zone cores in southern Nevada is presented to assess the chronology of nitrogen loss from the active rooting zone. Soil water chemistry in the deep vadose zone is first used to develop a chronology of paleohydrology and subsequently nitrogen fluxes. While elevated nitrogen concentrations (as NO3) are commonly found in desert vadose zones, NO3/Cl ratios indicate that nitrate behaved conservatively beneath the active rooting zone. Mean nitrogen fluxes from the active root zone range from 103 to 108 mg/m²/yr and appear relatively constant over time, in spite of dramatic climate and vegetation changes. The long-term loss of nitrogen from the active rooting zone implies that nitrogen cycling processes have been relatively constant since the Pleistocene/Holocene transition, that the biological community may not be primarily limited by the availability of nitrogen, and that the loss of nitrogen into the vadose zone should be considered in desert ecosystem productivity studies.
Complementary and Alternative Medical Therapies for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder and Autism

Complementary and alternative medical (CAM) therapies are commonly used by parents for their children who have attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or autism spectrum disorders. The use of these therapies is well documented, yet the evidence of the safety and efficacy of these treatments in children is limited. This article describes the current evidence-based CAM therapies for ADHD and autism, focusing on nutritional interventions; natural health products, including essential fatty acids, vitamins, minerals, and other health supplements; biofeedback; and reducing environmental toxins. The CAM evidence in ADHD is addressed, as is the CAM literature in autism.
Medication orders are written clearly and transcribed accurately : Implementing medication management standard 3.20 and national patient safety goal 2b

The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations (JCAHO) Medication Management Standards and certain National Patient Safety Goals contain specific requirements aimed at promoting medication safety. Medication Management Standard 3.20 states, “Orders are written clearly and transcribed accurately.” National Patient Safety Goal 2b states, “Standardize a list of abbreviations, acronyms, and symbols that are not to be used throughout the organization.” After minimal success with educational interventions aimed at eliminating unacceptable abbreviations and obtaining indications for PRN (as needed) orders, Oregon Health & Sciences University (OHSU) instituted a hard stop; no orders containing an unacceptable abbreviation or PRN order without an indication were processed by pharmacy, and the prescriber was required to rewrite the order. After instituting the hard stop, the frequency of unacceptable orders decreased from 25% of all processed orders to 3%. Although the hard stop was very successf...
Bench-scale studies of in-duct mercury capture using cupric chloride-impregnated carbons.

A brominated activated carbon (Darco Hg-LH) and cupric chloride-impregnated activated carbon (CuCl2-ACs) sorbent have been tested in a bench-scale entrained-flow reactor system which was developed ...
Cardiac Biomarkers, Mortality, and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in Military Veterans

Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is gaining increasing recognition as a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of PTSD and abnormal cardiovascular biomarkers on mortality in military veterans. Eight hundred ninety-one patients presenting for routine echocardiography were enrolled. Baseline clinical data and serum samples for biomarker measurement were obtained and echocardiography was performed at the time of enrollment. Patients were followed for up to 7.5 years for the end point of all-cause mortality. Ninety-one patients had PTSD at the time of enrollment. There were 33 deaths in patients with PTSD and 221 deaths in those without PTSD. Patients with PTSD had a trend toward worse survival on Kaplan-Meier analysis (p = 0.057). Among patients with elevated B-type natriuretic peptide (>60 pg/ml), those with PTSD had significantly increased mortality (p = 0.024). Among patients with PTSD, midregional proadrenomedullin (MR-proADM), creatinine, and C-terminal proendothelin-1 were significant univariate predictors of mortality (p = 0.006, p = 0.024, and p = 0.003, respectively). In a multivariate model, PTSD, B-type natriuretic peptide, and MR-proADM were independent predictors of mortality. In patients with PTSD, MR-proADM was a significant independent predictor of mortality after adjusting for B-type natriuretic peptide, cardiovascular risk factors, cancer, and sleep apnea. Adding MR-proADM to clinical predictors of mortality increased the C-statistic from 0.572 to 0.697 (p = 0.007). In conclusion, this study demonstrates an association among PTSD, abnormal cardiac biomarker levels, and increased mortality.
Thermoregulatory Aspects of Behavior in the Blue Spiny Lizard Scelopor Us Cyanogenys (Sauria, Iguanidae)

1. The thermal relations of blue spiny lizards, Sceloporus cyanogenys, were studied in laboratory habitats which were designed to allow the expression of a large repertoire of natural behavior patterns. Body temperatures obtained with fast-reading thermometers and by radio telemetry from implanted transmitters were correlated with postures and activities. 2. The morning emergence of lizards was found to be cued by light, often in the absence of immediate thermal reinforcement. 3. Two basking postures which altered a lizard's air and substrate thermal interfaces could be distinguished. The environmental and body temperature correlates of these postures were not appreciably different, and the change from one posture to another could not be interpreted as thermoregulatory. 4. When thermal conditions permitted, basking continued up to the attainment of the maximum voluntary body temperature (38.7 C), and was then followed by perching. 5. The body temperature correlates of perching had a range and mean much like the "normal activity range" of other species of Sceloporus (28.2-38.7 C, X= 35.2). 6. Defecation occurred mostly in the morning towards the end of the basking period, but had a broad thermal range (27.5 to 35.7 C). 7. The range of body temperatures during feeding was broad (25.3-38.5 C), but that of foraging was much narrower (34.3-38.7 C).
Making a cost-effective video server

A cost-effective system must allocate video files to the right place at the right time. We present the characteristics of different storage media and provide an analytical model for obtaining the cost of storing video files. We then state the video file allocation problem and provide a solution. >
Loving Relationships and Conflicts with Morality

Loving another person requires that we set that person apart from others, but morality is often thought to require that we view everyone as equally important. I argue that two approaches to the nature of love, robust concern and special perception, both miss crucial aspects of loving relationships: sensitivity to the beloved’s response, and history of the relationship. Love depends on the beloved’s attitude as well as the lover’s. Shared history as a necessary condition of loving relationships addresses these problems, and points the way to more productive analysis of conflicts between loving relationships and impartiality.
Promoting family adaptation to the at-home care of the technology-dependent child.

Technology-dependent children being cared for at home is a recent phenomenon. Advances in technology and health care have increased the number of technology-dependent children and have prolonged their survival. These children, who would have succumbed to their illnesses 5 to 10 years ago, are not only surviving but going home and participating in family, community, and school life (Grammatica, 1989)
Significant reduction in the incidence of small bowel obstruction and ventral hernia after laparoscopic compared to open segmental colorectal resection.

The aim of this study is to assess the incidence of incisional ventral hernia and small bowel obstruction following laparoscopic and open colorectal resection. A retrospective review was performed of a large database comprising 13 hospitals, serving 3.6 million patients in Southern California. Patients 18 years and older undergoing elective colorectal resection over a 3-year period were included. The crude incidence rates were calculated, and relative risks of ventral hernia and small bowel obstruction were determined using multivariable proportional hazard modeling. Four thousand six hundred and thirteen patients underwent 4765 colorectal resections between August 2008 and August 2011. Fifty-nine percent of the cases were performed laparoscopically; the median age was 63 years, and 49 % were males. Colorectal carcinoma (45 %) and diverticulitis (18 %) were the most common indications for surgery. The median follow-up was 2.4 years. Kaplan-Meier estimates of ventral hernia at 1, 2, and 3 years among the open cohort were significantly higher at 10.1, 17.0, and 20.5 %, compared to 5.7, 8.7, and 10.8 % in the laparoscopic cohort (p < 0.001). Similarly, small bowel obstruction was higher in the open compared to the laparoscopic group (open 10.4, 15.0, and 18.3 % vs. laparoscopic 2.7, 4.4, and 5.5 %, p < 0.001). Patients undergoing laparoscopic colorectal resection were less likely to develop ventral hernia [adjusted hazard ratio (AHR) 0.64 (95 % CI 0.52, 0.80); p < 0.0001] and small bowel obstruction [AHR 0.41 (95 % CI 0.31, 0.54); p < 0.0001]. The incidence of incisional ventral hernia and small bowel obstruction is significantly reduced in patients who undergo laparoscopic compared to open colorectal resection.
history at one point in time: “working together” in Maale, 1975

That history is about how things came to be, and that anthropology is about the structure of things once they have come to be, is a notion deeply embedded in anthropology. The difficulty with such an idea is that it promotes a myth of a “restful” present, a present created somehow by the organization of societies and cultures rather than the practices of men and women. This essay, in contrast, attempts to analyze communal labor in a Maale community during 1975 to show how people actively created a particular set of social and cultural forms, a particular way of “working together.” [work, domestic groups, political factions, stratification, history]
Orientational transitions of aromatic molecules adsorbed on platinum electrodes

Abstract A method to determine the orientation of molecules adsorbed at solid-liquid interfaces, based on thin-layer electrochemical techniques, is described. This method has been applied to determine orientational changes of molecules adsorbed from solution onto smooth platinum electrodes as a function of adsorbate concentration. Twenty-six diphenols and quinones, representing a variety of structures and chemical properties, were studied. In general, these compounds are adsorbed with the diphenol or quinonoid ring parallel to the surface at low concentrations and re-orient irreversibly to non-random edgewise-orientations as the concentration is increased. A possible explanation for these edgewise-orientations is discussed.
Reconstruction of objects from coded images by simulated annealing

A new Monte Carlo reconstruction procedure is presented for retrieval of objects from their coded images. The reconstruction process is modeled as an optimization problem whose cost function is related to how well the coded-image constraints are satisfied. Reduction of the cost function is achieved by an annealing process analogous to the cooling of a melt to produce an ordered crystal. The method is demonstrated by reconstructing two two-dimensional objects from their one-dimensional coded images.
Template-Based Volume Viewing

We present an efficient three-phase algorithm for volume viewing that is based on exploiting coherency between rays in parallel projection. The algorithm starts by building a ray-template and determining a special plane for projection - the base-plane. Parallel rays are cast into the volume from within the projected region of the volume on the base-plane, by repeating the sequence of steps specified in the ray-template. We carefully choose the type of line to be employed and the way the template is being placed on the base-plane in order to assure uniform sampling of the volume by the discrete rays. We conclude by describing an optimized software implementation of our algorithm and reporting its performance.
Intracerebral hemorrhage from a middle meningeal arteriovenous fistula with a giant venous varix

A patient with a congenital arteriovenous fistula between the middle meningeal artery and a cortical vein with a giant venous varix is described. The patient presented with an intracerebral hemorrhage that had been evacuated. Permanent cure of the fistula was achieved without morbidity by embolization with Ivalon particles.
Validation of Frequency- and Time-domain Fidelity of an Ultra-low Latency Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) Emulator

This paper presents frequency- and time-domain validation of an ultra-low latency real-time hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) emulator. We investigate the frequency domain fidelity of the small-signal transfer functions, the input impedance, and the output impedance of a buck converter emulated on HIL. We show that the frequency response of the hardware-in-the-loop emulation closely matches the analytical results for input impedance, output impedance, line-to-output, and control-to-output transfer functions. Additionally, we present time domain comparisons between the real-time emulation and a reference hardware design under steady state and transient conditions. Our results demonstrate the ultra-high fidelity of the hardware-in-the-loop emulator and also present its capability as a design optimization and verification tool for advanced power electronics controller development.
Trajectories of kinematic risky driving among novice teenagers.

Abstract Objectives Elevated gravitational force event rates are associated with the likelihood of a crash or near crash and provide an objective measure of risky driving. The purpose of this research is to examine the patterns over time of kinematic measures of risky driving among novice teenage drivers. Methods Driving data were collected from 42 newly licensed teenage drivers during the first 18 months of licensure. Data recording systems installed in participants’ vehicles provided information on driving performance and driver characteristics. Latent class and logistic regression models were used to analyze trajectories of elevated gravitational-force (g-force) event rates, called kinematic risky driving, with respect to risk groups and associated factors. Results Kinematic risky driving over the 18-month study period was best characterized as two classes, a higher-risk and a lower-risk class. The rate of kinematic risky driving during the first 6 months generally maintained over 18 months. Indeed, of those classified by latent class analysis as higher risk, 88.9%, 94.4% and 94.4% had average event rates above the median in the 1st, 2nd, and 3rd 6-month periods, respectively, indicating substantial tracking over time. Friends’ risky driving, friends’ risky behavior, self-reported risky driving, and perceptions about risky driving and driving privileges were associated with trip-level rates of kinematic risky driving. However, none of these factors was associated with trip-level rates after stratifying by overall risk in a latent class model, although friend's risky driving was marginally significant. Conclusion Kinematic risky driving tended to track over time within the lower and higher risky driving groups. Self-reported risky driving and having risky friends were predictors of kinematic risky driving rates, but these variables did not explain the heterogeneity within higher and lower classes of risky drivers.
Imaging Birefringent Biological Organelles Independent of Their Orientation in 3D Space

In order to describe the birefringence of objects that are oriented arbitrary in 3D space we introduce two additional parameters: principal retardance and inclination angle. The two new parameters and the azimuth angle together completely characterize the birefringence of cell components such as microtubules, cell walls, etc. For measuring the distribution of those birefringent parameters we have developed a polarizing microscope that includes a device for scanning the illumination beam axes. We describe experimental results obtained with this scanned aperture PolScope using a biological sample, reconstituted asters of Spisula oocytes.
1H-detected 13C Photo-CIDNP as a Sensitivity Enhancement Tool in Solution NMR

NMR is a powerful yet intrinsically insensitive technique. The applicability of NMR to chemical and biological systems would be substantially extended by new approaches going beyond current signal-to-noise capabilities. Here, we exploit the large enhancements arising from 13C photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (13C photo-CIDNP) in solution to improve biomolecular NMR sensitivity in the context of heteronuclear correlation spectroscopy. The 13C-PRINT pulse sequence presented here involves an initial 13C nuclear spin polarization via photo-CIDNP followed by conversion to anti-phase coherence and transfer to 1H for detection. We observe substantial enhancements, up to ≫200-fold, relative to the dark (laser off) experiment. Resonances of both side-chain and backbone CH pairs are enhanced for the three aromatic residues Trp, His, and Tyr, the σ32 peptide, and the drkN SH3 protein. The sensitivity of this experiment, defined as signal-to-noise per square root of unit time (S/N)t, is unpreceden...
Revisiting Immune-Based Therapies for Aggressive Follicular Cell–Derived Thyroid Cancers

Background: With our growing understanding of the immune system and mechanisms employed by tumors to evade destruction, the field of cancer immunotherapy has been revitalized. Concurrent inflammation has long been associated with follicular cell–derived thyroid cancer (FDTC). In the last decade, much research has focused on characterizing the tumor-associated immune response in patients with FDTC. Summary: Mast cells, natural killer cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, B cells, and T cells have been identified within FDTC-associated immune infiltrate. Collectively, these findings suggest that the immune response to FDTC is compromised and may even promote tumor progression. A more thorough characterization of the tumor-associated immune response in FDTC may lead to the development of immune-based adjuvant therapies for patients with aggressive disease. Conclusions: Immune-based therapies could provide essential alternatives to patients that cannot be treated surgically, those with recurrent or persistent ...