cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Combined administration of levetiracetam and valproic acid attenuates age-related hyperactivity of CA3 place cells, reduces place field area, and increases spatial information content in aged rat hippocampus.

Learning and memory deficits associated with age-related mild cognitive impairment have long been attributed to impaired processing within the hippocampus. Hyperactivity within the hippocampal CA3 region that is associated with aging is mediated in part by a loss of functional inhibitory interneurons and thought to underlie impaired performance in spatial memory tasks, including the abnormal tendency in aged animals to pattern complete spatial representations. Here, we asked whether the spatial firing patterns of simultaneously recorded CA3 and CA1 neurons in young and aged rats could be manipulated pharmacologically to selectively reduce CA3 hyperactivity and thus, according to hypothesis, the associated abnormality in spatial representations. We used chronically implanted high-density tetrodes to record the spatial firing properties of CA3 and CA1 units during animal exploration for food in familiar and novel environments. Aged CA3 place cells have higher firing rates, larger place fields, less spatial information content, and respond less to a change from a familiar to a novel environment than young CA3 cells. We also find that the combination of levetiracetam (LEV) + valproic acid (VPA), previously shown to act as a cognitive enhancer in tests of spatial memory, attenuate CA3 place cell firing rates, reduce place field area, and increase spatial information content in aged but not young adult rats. This is consistent with drug enhancing the specificity of neuronal firing with respect to spatial location. Contrary to expectation, however, LEV + VPA reduces place cell discrimination between novel and familiar environments, i.e., spatial correlations increase, independent of age even though drug enhances performance in cognitive tasks. The results demonstrate that spatial information content, or the number of bits of information encoded per action potential, may be the key correlate for enhancement of spatial memory by LEV + VPA. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
International principles of deceased donor organ allocation.

Transplant professionals are entrusted with a unique position in the practice of medicine—the stewardship of the organs from either the deceased or living donor. This stewardship entails two major responsibilities for which society holds transplant professionals accountable: the equitable allocation of deceased donor organs to medically suitable recipients, and the evaluation and care for the living organ donor. Data, experience and ethical principles relevant to organ transplantation become invaluable in fulfilling these responsibilities and they are presented in this Editorial.
A Bayesian Measure of the Probability of False Discovery in Genetic Epidemiology Studies

In light of the vast amounts of genomic data that are now being generated, we propose a new measure, the Bayesian false-discovery probability (BFDP), for assessing the noteworthiness of an observed association. BFDP shares the ease of calculation of the recently proposed false-positive report probability (FPRP) but uses more information, has a noteworthy threshold defined naturally in terms of the costs of false discovery and nondiscovery, and has a sound methodological foundation. In addition, in a multiple-testing situation, it is straightforward to estimate the expected numbers of false discoveries and false nondiscoveries. We provide an in-depth discussion of FPRP, including a comparison with the q value, and examine the empirical behavior of these measures, along with BFDP, via simulation. Finally, we use BFDP to assess the association between 131 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and lung cancer in a case-control study.
Designing statistical multi-hop wireless broadcast protocols using confidence levels from stochastic models of reachability

Multi-hop wireless broadcast is a critical component in ad-hoc wireless networks. Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks (VANET) in particular utilize broadcast as a primary communication mechanism in many applications. Because of their simplicity, statistical broadcasting methods have been adopted in several VANET broadcasting schemes. However, it is difficult to develop analytical models of these protocols, therefore no results are known proving reachability characteristics for them like there are for topological protocols such as Multi-Point Relaying (MPR).
A Comparison of Single- and Multi-Objective Programming Approaches to Problems with Multiple Design Objectives

In this paper, we propose and compare single- and multi-objective programming (MOP) approaches to the language model (LM) adaptation that require the optimization of a number of competing objectives. In LM adaptation, an adapted LM is found so that it is as close as possible to two independently trained LMs. The LM adaptation approach developed in this paper is based on reformulating the training objective of a maximum a posteriori (MAP) method as an MOP problem. We extract the individual at least partially conflicting objective functions, which yields a problem with four objectives for a bigram LM: The first two objectives are concerned with the best fit to the adaptation data while the remaining two objectives are concerned with the best prior information obtained from a general domain corpus. Solving this problem in an iterative manner such that each objective is optimized one after another with constraints on the rest, we obtain a target LM that is a log-linear interpolation of the component LMs. The LM weights are found such that all the (at least partially conflicting) objectives are optimized simultaneously. We compare the performance of the SOP- and MOP-based solutions. Our experimental results demonstrate that the ICO method achieves a better balance among the design objectives. Furthermore, the ICO method gives an improved system performance.
What We Know about Demand Surge: Brief Summary

Demand surge is a process resulting in a higher cost to repair building damage after large disasters than to repair the same damage after a small disaster; this higher cost can be an additional 20% or more. It is of interest to insurers, regulators, property owners, and others. Despite its importance, demand surge has no standard definition or generally accepted predictive theory of its mechanisms and quantitative effects. By studying the circumstances of natural disasters that did and did not cause demand surge, common explanatory themes emerge from these historical events that may describe why and how much losses increase in some disasters. The themes are: total amount of repair work; timing of reconstruction; costs of materials, labor, and equipment; contractor overhead and profit; the general economic situation; insurance claims handling; and decisions of an insurance company. The development of these themes will aid in constructing a mechanistic, empirically supported approach to modeling demand surge. DOI: 10.1061/(ASCE)NH.1527-6996.0000028. © 2011 American Society of Civil Engineers. CE Database subject headings: Risk management; Insurance; Natural disasters; Buildings; Rehabilitation. Author keywords: Demand surge; Natural disasters; Damage; Insurance.
A General-Purpose Microprocessor-Based Control Circuit for a Three-Phase Controlled Rectifier Bridge

A novel general-purpose microprocessor-based control circuit for a three-phase controlled rectifier is presented. The performance exhibited by the controller is superior to previously presented circuits. The firing angle is smoothly controlled in the range of 0 to 180/s=deg/ with a fast response and a constant open loop gain, even for the cases where the converter is fed by a weak ac system of unregulated frequency. The synchronization between the line and VCO is implemented by an efficient software-controlled PLL. The effect of source impedance in delaying the synchronization signal has been properly compensated for by the-control circuit. The implementation of the compensation circuit is also presented. The hardware and software control circuit implementation built around an 8086 microprocessor is discussed, and the experimental results are given.
Synaptic protein expression by regenerating adult photoreceptors.

Regeneration of functionally normal synapses is required for functional recovery after degenerative central nervous system insults and requires proper expression and targeting of presynaptic proteins by regenerating neurons. The reconstitution of presynaptic terminals by regenerating adult neurons is poorly understood, however. We examined the intrinsic ability of regenerating adult retinal photoreceptors to reconstitute properly differentiated presynaptic terminals in the absence of target contact. The expression and localization of vesicle-associated membrane protein (VAMP), synaptic vesicle protein 2 (SV2), synaptophysin, synapsin I, and synaptosomal-associated protein of 25 kDa (SNAP-25) was assessed immunocytochemically. Photoreceptor terminals in the intact retina contain VAMP, SV2, synaptophysin, and SNAP-25, but not synapsin I. Isolated, regenerating adult photoreceptors intrinsically expressed the proper complement of synaptic vesicle proteins in the absence of target contact: VAMP, SV2, and synaptophysin were present at all stages of regenerative growth; synapsin I was never expressed. At early stages of regenerative growth, VAMP, SV2, and synaptophysin were diffusely localized in the cell, with prominent VAMP labeling distributed along the plasma membrane. SV2 and synaptophysin rapidly localized to regenerated terminals, but VAMP accumulated much more slowly, indicating that these proteins are trafficked independently. In contrast, labeling for SNAP-25, which is associated with the presynaptic plasma membrane, was undetectable in regenerating photoreceptors, suggesting that SNAP-25 expression is target-regulated. Thus, regenerating photoreceptors can intrinsically regulate the expression of the proper set of synaptic vesicle proteins. Proper expression of other presynaptic proteins, such as SNAP-25, and proper subcellular localization of synaptic proteins such as VAMP, however, may require extrinsic cues such as target contact.
Sex differences in stroke recovery.

Female patients in the study were older than male patients, with a mean age of 71 years for women vs 69 years for men. Female patients reported lower prestroke physical functioning than their male counterparts. Six months after stroke, women in the study were less likely than the men to achieve a score of ≥95 on the Barthel Activities of Daily Living Index (hazards ratio [HR] = 0.68; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52–0.90), carry out eight of nine instrumental activities of daily living without assistance (HR = 0.46; 95% CI, 0.30–0.68), and score ≥90 on the SF-36 Health Survey physical functioning scale (HR = 0.54; 95% CI, 0.28–1.01). When age, prestroke physical functioning, stroke severity, and depressive status at baseline were controlled in the analysis, women in the study continued to be less likely (HR = 0.51; 95% CI, 0.32–0.79) than men in the study to be able to carry out eight of nine instrumental activities of daily living completely without assistance, but there were no observed sex differences in achievement of independence in basic activities of daily living or higher physical functioning. Conclusion Prestroke physical functioning and depressive symptoms are important factors in the investigation of sex differences in stroke recovery. Lower recovery of activities of daily living and physical functioning in women after stroke may be due to multifactorial effects of older age, poor physical function prior to stroke onset, and depressive status after stroke.
ANASAZI SANDAL FEATURES: THEIR RESEARCH VALUE AND IDENTIFICATION

This research examines the value of studying Anasazi sandal features for an understanding of past lifeways and standardizes methods for sandal laboratory analysis. A suggested analysis form is provided, and necessary laboratory equipment is explained. As research has shown, several sandal features are important for study due to their complexity and variety, as well as standardization within time periods: silhouette, designs, body construction (including method of incorporating design), and element structure. Analysis of additional features such as toe and heel construction, tie system, and physical dimensions (length, width, weight, and thickness) can be made part of indepth comparative studies. Features that are not significant for study or whose analysis is destructive to sandal integrity are also discussed. RESUMEN
Finite Element Analyses of Port Allen Lock

The interaction between a U-frame or drydock lock and the surrounding backfill and foundation soils is complex. This interaction was studied for a particular U-frame lock, Port Allen Lock, by means of incremental finite element techniques which closely simulated the entire construction and loading history of the lock. The results of the study at various stages of construction and loading were compared to the observed behavior of the lock as established by a comprehensive instrumentation program. Good agreement was obtained in these comparisons. Significantly, it was shown that the finite element analyses were able to explain apparent anomalies in the measured stress and deformation values.
The Politics of Clerical Sexual Abuse

This article examines the complex politics surrounding the Catholic Bishops’ responses to clerical sexual abuse in the United States from the first, public revelations of the scandal in Boston in 2002 to the present. It asks a compelling leadership question on three levels: how did the Bishops respond politically as individual diocesan leaders; as members of their canonical organization, the United States Conference of Catholic Bishops (USCCB); and as appointed officials of the Vatican? This article argues that the members of the hierarchy implemented disparate and often conflicting religious and legal responses to clerical sexual abuse in their various roles. They did this by accepting misguided psychological advice, relying on traditional religious exemptions, attempting to implement confusing institutional policies, and usually mounting ineffective legal challenges to canon law in civil courts. These actions reflected hierarchical ignorance and arrogance as well as a political underestimation of the compelling state interest to protect the safety of children over religious concerns to insure the autonomy of the Church.
Chronic intravenous administration of V1 arginine vasopressin agonist results in sustained hypertension

Despite the well-recognized vasoconstrictor and fluid-retaining actions of vasopressin, prolonged administration of arginine vasopressin (AVP) to normal animals or humans fails to produce sustained hypertension. The present study was performed to elucidate the role of the V1 receptor in determining the ability of AVP to produce sustained hypertension. Conscious Sprague-Dawley rats with implanted catheters were infused with the selective V1 agonist, [Phe2,Ile3,Orn8]vasopressin (2 ng.kg-1.min-1), for 14 days in amounts that were acutely nonpressor. Blood pressure (MAP), heart rate (HR), body weight, and water intake (WI) were determined daily. Plasma AVP, plasma catecholamines norepinephrine and epinephrine, plasma osmolality, and electrolyte concentration were determined before and on days 1 and 7 of infusion. MAP increased significantly by 10.4 +/- 4.5 mmHg on day 1 and rose to 22 +/- 5 mmHg above control by day 14 (transient decrease on days 6-9) and then fell to control levels after the infusion was stopped. HR did not change significantly. Plasma AVP immunoreactivity increased from 2.5 +/- 0.3 to 10.9 +/- 2.1 pg/ml, whereas norepinephrine tended to fall only on day 1, with epinephrine only slightly elevated on day 7. No evidence of fluid retention was found, and rats lost sodium only on the first day of V1 agonist infusion. Body weight increased throughout the study but was unrelated to the changes of MAP. We conclude that chronic stimulation of V1 receptors results in sustained hypertension in rats.
Demographics and conflict

A historical statistical analysis of demographics and conflict suggests 5 observations. 1st the links between population and conflict are complex. Resource scarcity is often a factor pushing populations to conflict but this relationship can be mediated by the intervening factor of technologic capability. 2nd conflict affects demographic characteristics e.g. the creation of refugees as a result of political violence. 3rd conflict politicizes the population with demographic characteristics (e.g. race or religion) becoming construed as political ones. 4th ethnicity is a predominant variable influencing international conflicts. 5th international migration creates political tensions and places new demands on the social system. Violence should be viewed as a sign of institutional failure and system overload. Social institutions and the capacity for adjustment can be powerful inhibitors of conflict that is created by changes in demographic characteristics. Competition among nations frequently manifested in increased armament expenditures is a result of pressures from both outside and within a society that result in a spiraling of conflict capable of leading to overt violence if unchecked.
Pinna deltodes Menke newly described and differentiated from P. bicolor Gmelin (Bivalvia, Pterioida)

Abstract Pinna deltodes Menke is a valid Indo-Pacific species of Pinnidae morphologically similar to P. bicolor Gmelin. It can be distinguished from P. bicolor in Australia by the presence of regular, sharply defined, pinkish-buff lateral bands of subepithelial gland cells along the inner fold of the posterior mantle margin and by the position of the posterior adductor muscle scar at the posterior edge of the dorsal nacreous layer. The subepithelial gland cells are coarsely granular; they are not acid or neutral muco-polysaccharides (mucins) or muco-glycoproteins (mucoids). The preferred habitat of P. deltodes is a hard substrate, either within cobble flats or beneath boulders, coral blocks, and bombies. The species extends off eastern Africa to eastern Australia and as far north as Pakistan and probably the Red Sea, from the intertidal zone to 14 0m.
Pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis

The clinical features, histopathology, immunopathology, and management of pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis are discussed, with particular emphasis on the pediatric aspects of these conditions. The difficulties in logically separating pityriasis lichenoides into an acute (pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta) and a chronic (pityriasis lichenoides chronical) form are addressed. The development of lymphoreticular malignancy in patients with lymphomatoid papulosis has been well documented, but pityriasis lichenoides has characteristically been regarded as a benign condition. However, recent reports of the development of large plaque parapsoriasis in patients with pityriasis lichenoides have led to a reconsideration. Some of these patients were in the pediatric age group. Although there are significant clinical, histopathological, and immunopathological differences between pityriasis lichenoides and lymphomatoid papulosis, the demonstration of similar clonal T cell receptor gene rearrangements and the confirmation of the potentially premalignant nature of both suggests that there may indeed be an interrelationship between these two controversial entities. Close follow-up of patients with both of these conditions is recommended, with observation being discontinued only when the patient has been free of lesions for several years.
Demography of Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Trees Explains Their Rarity and Successional Decline in Temperate Forests in the United States.

Symbiotic nitrogen (N) fixation is the major N input to many ecosystems. Although temperate forests are commonly N limited, symbiotic N-fixing trees (“N fixers”) are rare and decline in abundance as succession proceeds–a challenging paradox that remains unexplained. Understanding demographic processes that underlie N fixers’ rarity and successional decline would provide a proximate answer to the paradox. Do N fixers grow slower, die more frequently, or recruit less in temperate forests? We quantified demographic rates of N-fixing and non-fixing trees across succession using U.S. forest inventory data. We used an individual-based model to evaluate the relative contribution of each demographic process to community dynamics. Compared to non-fixers, N fixers had lower growth rates, higher mortality rates, and lower recruitment rates throughout succession. The mortality effect contributed more than the growth effect to N fixers’ successional decline. Canopy and understory N fixers experienced these demographic disadvantages, indicating that factors in addition to light limitation likely contribute to N fixers’ successional decline. We show that the rarity and successional decline of N-fixing trees in temperate forests is due more to their survival disadvantage than their growth disadvantage, and a recruitment disadvantage might also play a large role.
Advanced MIMO signal processing for dense SDM transmission using multi-core few-mode fibers

We review the recent progress of long-haul SDM transmission experiments and the issues to be addressed. Also described are advanced MIMO processing techniques we have developed to achieve low-complexity DMD compensation and MDL-tolerant transmission.
Practical Interpretation and Application of Urodynamic Findings

Proper reading and interpretation of a pressure flow urodynamic tracing should be performed in a systematic fashion. Unfortunately, there is no universally agreed upon approach to the interpretation of a pressure flow urodynamic study. Using the functional classification of voiding dysfunction as a framework, the pressure-flow tracing can be dissected into a filling/storage portion and an emptying portion. Important aspects of the urodynamic study can sub-classified within each of these phases. Conveniently, each of these aspects can be titled with a “C” thus providing the 9 “C’s” of pressure-flow urodynamics interpretation and reporting. Such a scheme allows a complete and uniform approach to the interpretation of the urodynamic tracing. This chapter will provide a framework with which the practitioner can approach and interpret the pressure-flow urodynamic (PFUD) study.
The Contagious Spread of Violence Among US Adolescents Through Social Networks

Objectives. To test the hypothesis that violence among US adolescents spreads like a contagious disease through social networks.Methods. Participants were a nationally representative sample of 90 118 US students aged 12 to 18 years who were involved in the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health. Violence was assessed by having participants report the number of times in the preceding 12 months they had been involved in a serious physical fight, had hurt someone badly, and had pulled a weapon on someone.Results. Participants were 48% more likely to have been involved in a serious fight, 183% more likely to have hurt someone badly, and 140% more likely to have pulled a weapon on someone if a friend had engaged in the same behavior. The influence spread up to 4 degrees of separation (i.e., friend of friend of friend of friend) for serious fights, 2 degrees for hurting someone badly, and 3 degrees for pulling a weapon on someone.Conclusions. Adolescents were more likely to engage in violent behavior ...
Minimum-Time Attitude Control of Deformable Solar Sails with Model Uncertainty

This paper develops a new algorithm for large-angle pitch maneuvers of deformable solar sails in minimum time that avoids overshooting the target angle given a set of model uncertainties. The paper...
Wheaties: Reinvigorating an Iconic Brand (a)

This case series is taught in Darden's course elective, Managing Consumer Brands. In the spring of 2008, the marketing editor for Wheaties was getting ready for a meeting to discuss ideas about how to reinvigorate one of the most iconic and well-known cereal brands in America, which over the preceding few years had experienced a steady decline in market share. The only limitation the manager would impose was that any new product could not replace the original Wheaties. Otherwise, she was open to any opportunity to differentiate Wheaties from the orange box and yet fully embody the brand equity. Excerpt UVA-M-0828 Rev. Jan. 4, 2016 Wheaties: Reinvigorating an Iconic Brand (A) In the spring of 2008, Betsy Frost, a 2005 graduate of the Darden Business School and marketing manager of Wheaties brand cereal at General Mills, Inc. (GMI), was eagerly awaiting the afternoon meeting scheduled with her cross-functional partners across the division (see Exhibit1 for organizational chart). The focus of the meeting was to discuss ideas to reinvigorate one of the most iconic and well-known cereal brands in America, which over the preceding few years had experienced a steady decline in market share. Frost had a few thoughts on how to reinvigorate this brand, but she was confident that her peers would also contribute many excellent ideas on how to help grow the Breakfast of Champions. History Much like penicillin, Post-it Notes, and the microwave oven, Wheaties was discovered by accident and became a part of American culture. In 1921, a health clinician working for the Washburn-Crosby Company (later GMI) accidently spilled a wheat bran mixture onto a hot stove, creating a flake as the liquid evaporated. After two years and 36 attempts to strengthen the tasty flakes to stand up to packaging and shipping, the process was perfected. The resulting cereal was called Washburn's Gold Medal Whole Wheat Flakes. The name was soon changed to Wheaties—the winner in an employee contest (other options included “Nutties” and “Gold Medal Wheat Flakes”). . . .
The Use of Xenosurveillance to Detect Human Bacteria, Parasites, and Viruses in Mosquito Bloodmeals

Infectious disease surveillance is hindered by several factors, including limited infrastructure and geographic isolation of many resource-poor regions. In addition, the complexities of sample acquisition, processing, and analysis, even in developed regions, can be rate limiting. Therefore, new strategies to survey human populations for emerging pathogens are necessary. Xenosurveillance is a method that utilizes mosquitoes as sampling devices to search for genetic signatures of pathogens in vertebrates. Previously we demonstrated that xenosurveillance can detect viral RNA in both laboratory and field settings. However, its ability to detect bacteria and parasites remains to be assessed. Accordingly, we fed Anopheles gambiae mosquitoes blood that contained Trypanosoma brucei gambiense and Bacillus anthracis. In addition, we determined whether two additional emerging viruses, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus and Zika virus could be detected by this method. Pathogen-specific real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction was used to evaluate the sensitivity of xenosurveillance across multiple pathogen taxa and over time. We detected RNA from all pathogens at clinically relevant concentrations from mosquitoes processed up to 1 day postbloodfeeding. These results demonstrate that xenosurveillance may be used as a tool to expand surveillance for viral, parasitic, and bacterial pathogens in resource-limited areas.
The Alternative for Germany’s radicalization in historical-comparative perspective

AbstractThis article chronicles the Alternative for Germany’s (AfD) rightward repositioning and compares it with the programmatic development of three post-war German parties on the ideological win...
Physical Measurements in Anesthesia

Physics has traditionally been viewed as a complex subject for the anesthesiology resident, and in this chapter we endeavor to unravel some of this concern. The chapter has been written with the board examinations in mind and aims to arm the student with sufficient basic knowledge and understanding of this subject area to aid in their success. Without resorting to difficult mathematics and unnecessary detail, we cover the basic principles of gases, including their kinetics; relationships between pressure, volume and temperature; and even the storage and medical applications of gases. Temperature and humidification is also discussed with reference, again, to the medical application of such physical properties. Toward the end of the chapter, we explain the principles of Doppler shift with reference to the mechanism of ultrasound and finally present a sound basis for the understanding and methods of use of medical alarms.
Treatment of intra-articular fracture of distal radius fractures with fluoroscopic only or combined with arthroscopic control: A prospective tomodensitometric comparative study of 40 patients.

Abstract Background Considering articular distal radius fractures treated with volar plate, we hypothesized that articular radio-carpal displacement was better reduced with arthroscopic control than with only fluoroscopic control. Methods Forty patients with similar articular radius fracture (type C according to AO classification) and high functional needs were treated with volar plate fixation. They were divided in two comparative groups: 20 patients in Fluoroscopic group and 20 patients in Arthroscopic group. Pre and postoperative radiographs and tomodensitometric images were analysed by an independent observer. We evaluate extra and intra-articular displacements according to “Patient Accident Fracture” classification. Results We observed a better reduction of the radio-carpal step-off and gap in the arthroscopic group, with a statistically significant difference (p Conclusions According to these results, arthroscopy is useful to perform a better articular radio-carpal reduction in distal radius fracture. Level of evidence Level 3.
Association of Early Myocardial Workload and Mortality Following Severe Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objectives:To examine the impact of early myocardial workload on in-hospital mortality following isolated severe traumatic brain injury.Design:Retrospective cohort study.Setting:Data from the National Trauma Databank, a multicenter trauma registry operated by the American College of Surgeons, from 2
Hysteroscopic metroplasty: surgical technique and obstetric outcome

Congenital Mullerian abnormalities, particularly the septate uterus, may result in recurrent abortion or premature labor. Twenty-five patients found to have a septate uterus during evaluation for infertility or recurrent abortion were treated by hysteroscopic metroplasty with laparoscopic visualization. Surgical outcome was excellent, intraoperative and postoperative morbidity was negligible, and the postoperative course was similar to that following laparoscopy alone. Preoperative fetal wastage in 17 previously fertile patients was 90%. Of 11 patients, 6 or more months postoperatively, 10 had conceived: 5 delivered vaginally at term, 2 delivered by cesarean section, and 2 pregnancies are in progress. One pregnancy miscarried at 21 weeks secondary to an incompetent cervix. With hysteroscopic metroplasty, septa can be incised successfully with lower morbidity and as good a surgical outcome as with abdominal procedures. If further studies confirm the pregnancy outcome reported, then hysteroscopic metroplasty should become the treatment of choice for the septate uterus.
A History of Personalism

Philosophers have used the term personalism since at least the late nineteenth century. The personalist approach to philosophy has assumed various forms among different individuals in different national contexts. At the same time, personal and philosophical connections can be drawn among these diverse scholars and schools. This article is an attempt to make of personalism a coherent historical story.The essay begins by examining the personalism of the Boston School whose seminal figure was Borden Parker Bowne. It then moves through the European manifestations of personalism in Germany, France, and Poland. It ends by outlining personalism’s recent development in both the United States and Europe. This history of personalism shows that personalist insights can support a broad array of political and philosophical positions.
Livrebleu 17: Les Consequences Tragiques Forgees Par Le Professeur Repugnant Nomme Grantmore

In a stellar example of investigative journalism in the Woodward-Bernstein tradition, Professor LaFave here presents his expose of the Bluebook seventeenth edition scandal, revealing: (1) where in the latest Bluebook there is an inexplicable 180 degree shift in citation policy; (2) who provoked that change; (3) why he did it; (4) what Bluebook purists can do about it; and (5) when the next bus leaves for Peoria. Pulitzer Prize Committee, take note!
Simulation of water transport in the soil-plant-atmosphere system

58 INTRODUCTION 59 METHODS AND MATERIALS 60 MODEL VALIDATION 63 SENSITIVITY STUDIES 65 1. Soil Moisture Conditions 65 2. Atmospheric Conditions 66 3. Root Resistances 66 4. Soil Resistance 67 5. Soil Types 68 6. Plant Water Capacitance 68 DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS 70
Engineering plants for tomorrow: how high-throughput phenotyping is contributing to the development of better crops

High-throughput plant phenotyping has been advancing at an accelerated rate as a response to the need to fill the gap between genomic information and the plasticity of the plant phenome. During the past decade, North America has seen a stark increase in the number of phenotyping facilities, and these groups are actively contributing to the generation of high-dimensional, richly informative datasets about the phenotype of model and crop plants. As both phenomic datasets and analysis tools are made publicly available, the key to engineering more resilient crops to meet global demand is closer than ever. However, there are a number of bottlenecks that must yet be overcome before this can be achieved. In this paper, we present an overview of the most commonly used sensors that empower digital phenotyping and the information they provide. We also describe modern approaches to identify and characterize plants that are resilient to common abiotic and biotic stresses that limit growth and yield of crops. Of interest to researchers working in plant biochemistry, we also include a section discussing the potential of these high-throughput approaches in linking phenotypic data with chemical composition data. We conclude by discussing the main bottlenecks that still remain in the field and the importance of multidisciplinary teams and collaboration to overcome those challenges.
Gross and histologic relationships of the retropubic urethra to lateral pelvic sidewall and anterior vaginal wall in female cadavers: clinical applications to retropubic surgery.

Background Knowledge of the retropubic space anatomy is essential for safe entry and surgical applications within this space. Objective The objectives of this study were to examine the gross and histologic anatomy of the retropubic urethra, paraurethral tissue, and urethrovaginal space and to correlate findings to retropubic procedures. Study Design Anatomic relationships of the retropubic urethra were examined grossly in unembalmed female cadavers. Measured distances included: lateral urethral wall to arcus tendineus fascia pelvis at the level of urethrovesical junction and at 1 cm distal. Other measurements included retropubic urethral length and distances from internal urethral opening to each ureteric orifice. Microscopic examination was performed at the same levels examined grossly in separate nulliparous specimens. Descriptive statistics were used for data analyses. Results In all, 25 cadavers were examined grossly. Median distance from lateral urethral wall to arcus tendineus fascia pelvis at the level of urethrovesical junction was 25 mm (range, 13–38 mm). At 1 cm distal, the median distance from aforementioned structures was 14 mm (10–26 mm). Median length of the retropubic urethra was 23 mm (range 15–30 mm). Four nulliparous specimens, ages 12 weeks, and 34, 47, and 52 years, were examined histologically. No histologic evidence of a discrete fascial layer between bladder/urethra and anterior vagina was noted at any level examined. Tissue between the urethra and the pelvic sidewall skeletal muscle was composed of dense fibrous tissue, smooth muscle bundles, scant adipose tissue, blood vessels, and nerves. The smooth muscle fibers of the vaginal muscularis interdigitated with skeletal muscle fibers in the pelvic sidewall at both levels examined. No histologic evidence of “pubourethral ligaments” within the paraurethral tissue was noticed. Conclusion A 2-cm “zone of safety” exists between the urethra and arcus tendineus fascia pelvis at the urethrovesical junction level. Suture or graft placement within this region should minimize injury to the urethra, pelvic sidewall muscles, and bladder. Knowledge that the shortest length of retropubic urethra was 1.5 cm and shortest urethra to arcus tendineus fascia pelvis distance was 1 cm highlights the importance of maintaining dissection and trocar entry site close to pubic bone to avoid bladder and/or urethral injury. Histologic analysis of paraurethral tissue supports the nonexistence of pubourethral ligaments.
Chemical Promotion of Axillary Shoot Development of Geranium Stock Plants

Abstract Foliar applications of Promalin (BA + GA4 + 7), Pro-Shear (BA), Accel (PBA) or Florel (ethephon) were evaluated for their capacity to increase cutting production of geranium stock plants. ...
Critical Bands in the Perception of Speech Signals by Normal and Sensorineural Hearing Loss Listeners

Existing auditory theory suggests a major role for critical bands. Scharf has defined the critical band empirically as “that bandwidth at which subjective responses rather abruptly change” (cf. Scharf, 1970, p. 159). In general, two stimuli separated in frequency by less than a critical bandwidth will interact in one of a number of ways, while two stimuli separated by more than a critical bandwidth will not. The critical band phenomenon has been observed in such perceptual phenomena as masking (Fletcher, 1940; Scharf, 1970), loudness (Zwicker, 1958), and musical consonance (Plomp, 1964).
First-in-human trial of rhIL-15 and haploidentical natural killer cell therapy for advanced acute myeloid leukemia

In vivo expansion of haploidentical natural killer (NK) cell infusions with interleukin-2 (IL-2) can induce remission of refractory acute myeloid leukemia, but efficacy may be hampered by concurrent stimulation of host regulatory T cells. To overcome this limitation, we substituted the NK homeostatic factor IL-15 in 2 phase 1/2 trials. Forty-two patients received either intravenous (IV) (NCT01385423) or subcutaneous (SC) (NCT02395822) recombinant human IL-15 (rhIL-15) after lymphodepleting chemotherapy and haploidentical NK cells. Escalating doses of rhIL-15 (0.3-1.0 μg/kg) were given on 12 consecutive days in a phase 1 trial. Of 26 patients, 36% had robust in vivo NK-cell expansion at day 14, and 32% achieved complete remission. Hypothesizing that SC dosing of rhIL-15 would be safer and better tolerated, 16 patients received 10 once per day doses of SC rhIL-15 at 2.0 μg/kg on a phase 2 trial. NK-cell expansion at day 14 was seen in 27% of the patients, and 40% achieved remission. rhIL-15 induced better rates of in vivo NK-cell expansion and remission compared with previous trials with IL-2, but it was associated with previously unreported cytokine release syndrome (CRS) after SC but not IV dosing. CRS was observed in 56% of patients given SC rhIL-15 (with concurrent neurologic toxicity in 5 of 9 patients) and was responsive to steroids and tocilizumab. SC administration was associated with slower pharmacokinetic clearance and higher levels of IL-6 than IV dosing. These novel trials testing the use of IL-15 to potentiate cell therapy suggest that dosing schedules based on pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics will preserve the therapeutic benefits of IL-15 and minimize CRS. These trials were registered at www.clinicaltrials.gov as #NCT01385423 and #NCT02395822.
The Fifth Column, August–December 1937

In late August, Ernest reunited with Martha and Herbert Matthews in Paris. He found that the City of Light was overflowing with visitors to the International Exhibition. The German and Soviet pavilions towering over the International Exhibition on rival sides of the Trocadero fountains reflected the geopolitical tensions hovering over Europe. Lost among these massive structures was the much smaller Spanish pavilion, which because of the Civil War had opened later than other installations and was frequently ignored by the more than 33,000,000 visitors who ultimately would attend the Exhibition.
Modeling Variable-Impedance, Magnetically Insulated, Transmission Lines

Coupling generator current to electron-beam loads and dynamic-inductance loads (z pinches) is greatly improved with low-inductance vacuum transmission lines. Typically, magnetically insulated transmission lines (MITLs) utilize nearly constant impedance geometries where the minimum impedance (anode-cathode gap) is limited by electron loss during the setup of magnetic insulation. Constant-impedance MITL designs are not optimized for low inductance (Zτ) when given a constraint on vacuum electron flow. We describe the design and the modeling of MITLs that have a non-constant impedance. The baseline variable-impedance MITL designs are based on equilibrium vacuum-electron-flow models [1] that are incorporated into the Screamer circuit code [2]. Such designs satisfy the MITL limits in the areal density of the loss current and have magnetically insulated flow that is stable everywhere along the MITL. Different MITL designs are then modeled analytically and with a 2-D particle-in-cell computer code in order to quantify subtle electron losses driven by changes to the vacuum impedance as a function of distance along the transmission line. We present a variable-impedance MITL design that delivers more current with a lower inductance than found in constant-impedance MITL designs.
Psychiatric Disorders and Bone Emphasizing Mechanistic Trends

Abstract This article explores the shared biologic mechanisms between diseases such as depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, autism, ADHD, and anorexia, and comorbid bone diseases such as osteoporosis that are often associated with these psychiatric disorders. We also discuss the potential impacts of psychiatric medications on bone health, and potential roles of the gut microbiome in driving the pathology of comorbid bone and psychiatric disease.
Benchmark of the Compute-in-Memory-Based DNN Accelerator With Area Constraint

Compute-in-memory (CIM) is a promising computing paradigm to accelerate the inference of deep neural network (DNN) algorithms due to its high processing parallelism and energy efficiency. Prior CIM-based DNN accelerators mostly consider full custom design, which assumes that all the weights are stored on-chip. For lightweight smart edge devices, this assumption may not hold. In this article, CIM-based DNN accelerators are designed and benchmarked under different chip area constraints. First, a scheduling strategy and dataflow for DNN inference is investigated when only part of the weights can be stored on-chip. Two weight reload schemes are evaluated: 1) reload partial weights and reuse input/output feature maps and 2) load a batch of input and reuse the partial weights on-chip across the batch. Then, system-level performance benchmark is performed for the inference of ResNet-18 on ImageNet data set. The design tradeoffs with different area constraints, dataflow, and device technologies [static random access memory (SRAM) versus ferroelectric field-effect transistor (FeFET)] are discussed.
Simulation of emergent compaction banding fronts caused by frictional boundaries

This study examines the role of boundary friction in promoting heterogeneous compaction in soft rock specimens loaded at high confining pressure outside the domain of compaction localisation. An el...
A METHOD FOR MEASURING ELLIPTIC FLOW FLUCTUATIONS WITH THE PHOBOS DETECTOR

We have performed the first measurement of elliptic flow (v2) fluctuations in nucleus-nucleus collisions. In this paper, we describe the analysis method we have developed for this measurement. In this method, v2 is determined event-by-event by a maximum likelihood fit. The non-statistical fluctuations are determined by unfolding the contribution of statistical fluctuations and detector effects using Monte Carlo simulations. Application of this method to measure dynamical fluctuations in events from a different Monte Carlo event generator is presented.
The Effects of the “White Phase” on Intersection Performance with Mixed-Autonomy Traffic Stream

This study investigates the effects of the “white phase” on the performance of isolated signalized intersections. During the white phase, connected automated vehicles (CAV) control traffic flow through an intersection, and connected human-driven vehicles (CHV) follow their front vehicle (either CAV or CHV). Traffic controller ensures collision-free movement of vehicles through the intersection by determining 1) the sequence and duration of phases (green and white) and 2) trajectory of CAVs during white phases. White phases can be assigned to conflicting movements simultaneously. We have formulated this problem as a mixed-integer non-linear program (MINLP) and solved it using a receding horizon algorithm. Two demand patterns with five different CAV market penetration rates are used to evaluate the effects of the white phase on mobility and safety in an isolated intersection. Each case study is tested with three different control scenarios: 1) No-white-phase, 2) white-phase-only, and 3) optimal-white-phase activation (combination of white, green, and red phases). The results indicate that the white phase yields significant improvement in intersection performance while maintaining the same safety level.