cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gender Roles in Latina/os and Whites: The Influence of Sex, Ethnicity, Language and Nativity

This study demonstrates that ethnicity, gender, language, and nativity affect Latina/os’ and whites’ attitudes about gender roles. Participants in the study completed a priming task (word sorting) in either English or Spanish. They completed a questionnaire packet measuring sex roles and attitudes about gender roles. A three-way interaction was found between gender, ethnicity, and primed language, such that white women endorse the most liberal views, followed closely by Latina women and then white men. These three groups all endorsed significantly more liberal views in the Spanish language condition than in the English language condition. The Latino males endorsed the most traditional views across both conditions. Main effects were also found for sex and primed language on one’s own attitudes about gender roles: Women and those primed with Spanish endorsed more liberal attitudes about gender roles than men and those primed with English, respectively. In addition, in each subgroup, participants reported less traditional views for themselves than they reported for their ethnic groups. Ethnicity predicted only Affective (positive) Femininity on the Sex Role Inventory, and parent’s nation of birth also predicted some subscales (Assertive Masculinity, Aggressive Masculinity, and Affective Femininity). In addition, whether a participant’s mother worked outside the home is the only item that predicted the Submissive Femininity/marianismo subscale.
Photophysical and computational investigations of bis(phosphine) organoplatinum(II) metallacycles.

A series of endohedral and exohedral amine-functionalized ligands were synthesized and used in the construction of supramolecular D2h rhomboids and a D6h hexagon. These supramolecular polygons were obtained via self-assembly of 120° dipyridyl donors with 180° or 120° diplatinum precursors when combined in 1:1 ratios. Steady-state absorption and emission spectra were collected for each ligand and metallacycle. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT calculations were employed to probe the nature of the observed optical transitions for the rhomboids. The emissive properties of these bis(phosphine) organoplatinum metallacycles arise from ligand-centered transitions involving π-type molecular orbitals with modest contributions from metal-based atomic orbitals. The D2h rhomboid self-assembled from 2,6-bis(4-pyridylethynyl)aniline and a 60° organoplatinum(II) acceptor has a low-energy excited state in the visible region and emits above 500 nm, properties which greatly differ from those of the par...
Design and implement of remote management system for home energy

The family wisdom electricity is one of the hotspots in the smart grid construction. From passivity to activity, the consumption of electricity obeys the objective law. Therefore, in this dissertation, I try to talk about this problem by taking the demand of consumers into account from the view of complexity science to design designed the home energy management system based on web. Then from 4 aspects like communication protocols, communication networks, hardware and software, we introduced the system's working principle and how to realize the functions. The system can realize remote control appliances and query electricity information. The system can meet the needs of the users' demand for convenient, smart and energy-saving.
Numbers to Identify Entities (ISADNs–International Standard Authority Data Numbers)

SUMMARY The advantages of unique identifiers for the entities described in authority records are outweighed by the costs to manage an international system for assigning and maintaining such unique identifiers. Today's and tomorrow's systems perhaps can do without unique identifiers, but the attraction of unique identifiers still persists. This paper provides a personal recommendation to use the existing machine-generated record control numbers from our authority records as an interim measure until we see what future systems need.
Language Understanding as Recognition and Transduction of Numerous Overlaid Patterns.

Few computational linguists would dispute that language understanding crucially involves pattern recognition, in some sense, and transduction to an internal representation. However, theories differ on the sorts of patterns and processes they posit as underlying this recognition and transduction process. I would characterize the traditional view, dominant for several decades (and decidedly still part of the common coin), in terms of the following central ingredients: “concise syntax + concise interpretive rules + parsing + choices based on preferences and context”; and more recent statistically inspired approaches in terms of “larger syntax + distributional properties + statistical parsing (+ concise interpretive rules, if any)” . I want to suggest here that it is time to extrapolate beyond the traditional and statistical views, elaborating basic phrase (or dependency) structure and statistically weighted features into multiple kinds of overlaid syntactic, semantic, epistemic, and discourse patterns. These patterns jointly determine a (more or less) unambiguous consensus structure for the utterances that are processed, and a (more or less) unambiguous interpretation. Implementing such an approach would set us on a course to human-like learning by reading.
Primary and acquired platinum-resistance among women with high grade serous ovarian cancer.

Abstract Objective Women with primary platinum resistant (PPR) high grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSOC) are known to have a poor prognosis. Less is known regarding outcomes in patients with acquired platinum resistance (APR). The goal of this study was to evaluate survival in both PPR and APR patients. Methods A retrospective review of HGSOC patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2010 was performed. Descriptive statistics summarized clinical characteristics and demographics. The Kaplan-Meier method estimated progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). The association of OS and clinical factors was modeled using Cox proportional-hazards. Results Of the 330 patients identified, 81 (25%) had PPR. Of the remaining women, 55 (22%) developed APR. Median PFS of PPR patients was 4.2months and median OS was 17.8months. On multivariate analysis, the number of biologic agents received was the only predictor of OS. Patients with APR had a median PFS of 14.2months and a median OS of 56months. OS from the date of platinum resistance was 21.9months, though this was not different than PPR patients (p=0.19). Multivariate analysis found cancer stage and clinical trial participation to be associated with OS. Conclusions Platinum resistance confers a poor prognosis in the APR and PPR setting. The number of biologic agents received is the strongest predictor of OS among women with PPR. Cancer stage and clinical trial participation predicts OS in patients with APR. Providing opportunities to participate in clinical trials, especially those involving targeted therapy, should be a priority in these populations.
Exploring Baccalaureate Social Work Students and Web-Based Learning

This inquiry explored quantitative and qualitative items in relation to Web-based instruction for undergraduate courses in social work. A questionnaire including demographics items, 5-point Likert scale items, and open-ended questions was used to explore and describe students' comfort level in taking the Web-based courses, perceptions of best forums for learning in the Web-based courses, and students' developmental learning level.
Coherence and faith: constitutional interpretation by Akhil Amar and Philip Bobbitt

As abordagens dos Professores Akhil Amar e Philip Bobbitt quanto a interpretacao constitucional oferecem uma janela para o campo do debate juridico americano. Esse artigo apresenta uma analise da doutrina de dois dos maiores juristas do direito constitucional de seu tempo, confrontando-se em dois eixos de valor significativo para estudiosos: quem deve interpretar e o que deve ser interpretado. Ao determinar o alcance da interpretacao valida no judiciario e alem, e limitar o conjunto de materiais disponiveis para os interpretes de formas notadamente distintas, esses juristas oferecem uma visao ampla e precisa do cenario constitucional, ao mesmo tempo em que demonstram como abordagens radicalmente distintas quanto a interpretacao podem aspirar principiologicamente aos mesmos fins.
Differentiated Rate Sceduling for MIMO Broadcast Channels

We consider the problem of differentiated rate scheduling for the fading MIMO Gaussian broadcast channel, in the sense that the rates required by different users must satisfy certain rational rate constraints. When full channel state information (CSI) is available at the transmitter, the problem can be readily solved using dirty paper coding (DPC) and con- vex optimization techniques on the dual multiple-access channel (MAC). However, since in many practical applications full CSI is not feasible, and since the computational complexity may be prohibitive when the number of users is large, we focus on two simple schemes that require very little CSI: time-division opportunistic (TO) beamforming where in different time-slots the transmitter performs opportunistic beamforing only to users requiring the same rate, and weighted opportunistic (WO) beamforing where the random beams are assigned to those users having the largest weighted SINR. In both cases we determine explicit schedules to guarantee the rate constraints and show that, in the limit of a large number of users, the throughput loss compared to the unconstrained sum-rate capacity tends to zero. As a side result, we show that, in this regime, the sum-rate of opportunistic beamforming converges to the optimal sum-rate achieved by DPC, which is a stronger result than the order-optimal results of (10, 13).
SLAM-Family Expression on Human Mobilized Peripheral Blood Progenitors.

Background and significance: A simple but precise method to identify hematopoietic stem cells within mobilized peripheral blood would be useful for transplantation. Our lab has recently identified a family of surface markers whose differential expression distinguishes mouse hematopoietic stem cells from other hematopoietic progenitors. The founding member of the signaling lymphocyte attractant molecule (SLAM) family, CD150, was expressed on all hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) but not on other hematopoietic progenitors. Other SLAM-family members, including CD244 and CD48, were expressed by non-self-renewing multipotent progenitors and most colony-forming restricted progenitors, respectively. As a result, mouse stem cells can be highly purified as CD150+CD48− cells, dramatically simplifying and improving the purification of mouse HSCs. To begin to test whether SLAM family markers can facilitate the identification and purification of human hematopoietic stem cells, we have assessed the frequency of CD150+CD48− cells in mobilized peripheral blood and compared their distribution to that of CD34+CD38− cells, which are known to be highly enriched for human hematopoietic stem cells. Methods: Mobilized human peripheral blood samples were stained with anti-CD150 (conjugated to the FITC), anti-CD48 (PE), anti-CD41 (PE), anti-CD34 (APC), and anti-CD38 (PE-Cy5) antibodies. Samples were analyzed by flow-cytometry. Results: We have identified a population of CD150+CD48−CD41− cells within human mobilized peripheral blood that is present at a similar frequency as the same population in mobilized mouse peripheral blood (mean 0.039±0.11%). The CD34+CD38− population was similarly infrequent. Interestingly, 16.3±19.5% of CD150+CD48−CD41− cells were also CD34+ whereas only 1.13±3.45% of the CD34+CD38− population was CD150+CD48−CD41− raising the possibility that SLAM-family members may substantially improve the purity of human hematopoietic stem cells. Conclusion: Murine and human hematopoietic tissues have a similar frequency of CD150+CD48−CD41− cells. It is possible that the use of SLAM-family markers might enhance the identification and purification of human hematopoietic stem cells beyond what is possible using CD34 and CD38. We are currently performing reconstitution assays to test this functionally.
AVIAN CENSUS TECHNIQUES: AN ANALYTICAL REVIEW

Many avian census techniques involve tallying the number of individual birds, seen or heard while an observer walks a fixed path (transect) through a representative sample area. The number of contacts registered (N) during a census is a function of the number of birds present in an area (density = C), and the probability that each will be registered, given that it is present (detectability = d). N can be used alone to estimate relative abundance (index census); if d is calculated or controlled, density can be estimated (transect-density census) using the relation, C = N/d.
Control mapping in virtual reality: effects on spatial presence and controller naturalness

This study explores how a video game player’s sense of being in a game world (i.e., spatial presence) is impacted by the use of a virtual reality head-mounted display (VR HMD). Research focused on VR (as realized with the use of HMDs) has fallen by the wayside since the early 1990s due to the limitations in the technology. With modern reimagining of VR HMDs, there is now an opportunity to reexamine the impact it has on gaming experience. This article explores the results of an experiment in which university students played video games using either a VR HMD or a standard monitor while playing a first-person shooter video game. Control interface was also manipulated between incomplete tangible mapped devices (Razer Hydra) and directionally mapped devices (mouse and keyboard). Results indicated that VR HMDs have a positive impact on a players’ level of spatial presence and feelings of controller naturalness. Controller naturalness also impacted spatial presence regardless of display condition.
Development of a Low Cost, Portable Multi-Channel Seismic Data Acquisition System for Classroom Experiments and Independent Studies

Ongoing integration of technology with geology requires today's geoscience students to develop solid geotechnical skills. Recent advances in analog-to-digital technology enable easy and inexpensive construction of a multi-channel seismic data collection system that can be used to teach students the fundamentals of seismology. Here I demonstrate how to construct and use a simple multi-channel seismic device for class experiments. The experiments act as a solid foundation for anyone hoping to develop active-source classroom seismology laboratories. In particular, the experiments give students hands-on experience with designing seismic surveys, data collection, and data processing and should compliment any introductory seismology or geophysics course.
Žižek's Ethics

Despite Žižek’s privileging of politics over ethics, it is possible to reconstruct from his work a very significant, thoroughgoing reconception of ethics and metaethics. He sets forth accounts of the nature of ethics, action, freedom, the supreme moral principle, the fact-value split, the relation of the self to others, and the values that should determine our actions. He expresses a Kantian/Lacanian notion of law and freedom, an Hegelian critique of the subject-object distinction, a Lacanian subversion of the fact-value split, and an Adornian quasi-formalist treatment of ethical imperatives. The most radical element within his ethics is arguably his notion of the passage a l’acte , according to which certain types of actions not only transgress extant norms, but challenge the very nature of the norms, transform the coordinates of the reality principle, and bring into being its conditions of value.
Red Meat: American Political Banquets and Partisan Culture

Banquets are a central part of American political culture, combining culinary and rhetorical “red meat.” These are gatherings for the partisan faithful, aiding in fundraising or honoring electoral victors. As in the case of Joseph McCarthy’s claims of subversives in the US State Department, banquets can be a platform for gaining public notice. However, as gatherings of those with similar mindsets, rhetorical claims directed at a private group can cause controversy when publicly revealed.
Prospective NPI licensing and intrusion in Turkish

ABSTRACTERPs were employed to examine the processing of NPI/licensor dependencies in Turkish. Previous work on languages like English/German have documented intrusion effects, where structurally ineligible licensors interfere with violation responses to unlicensed NPIs (a species of “grammatical illusion”). Turkish makes it possible to test intrusion effects in environments where NPIs precede their licensors and thus where intrusive licensors can intervene between NPIs and legitimate licensors. We show that: (i) intrusion effects do arise in Turkish, (ii) that brain responses at positions where intrusive licensors are encountered strongly resemble patterns observed for conditions where licensing permissible (both situations reveal patterns seen for other types of long-distance dependency processing, e.g. filler-gap relationships in interrogatives), leading to (iii) attenuation of downstream violation responses. Accounts of intrusion in terms of cue-based retrieval versus erroneous pragmatic licensing are ...
Rheumatoid arthritis in an adult patient with mosaic distal 18q-, 18p- and ring chromosome 18

Ring chromosome 18 has a highly variable phenotype, depending on the extent of distal arm deletions. It is most commonly presented as a combination of 18p- and distal 18q- syndrome. IgA deficiency and autoimmune diseases have been previously described in these patients. Seven cases of juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (JRA) have been reported. Here we report the first case of late onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a 32 year old Dominican woman with hypothyroidism, vitiligo, IgA deficiency, interstitial lung disease (ILD), cystic bronchiectasis, and features consistent with ringed 18, 18p- and distal 18q syndrome. The multiple autoimmune findings in our patient lends further support to the idea of loci on chromosome 18 playing a role in autoimmune disease expression. Late onset RA and ILD in a patient with chromosome 18 abnormalities are novel findings and are additional conditions to be aware of in this population.
RIGHT VENTRICULAR FAILURE FOLLOWING PLACEMENT OF A PERCUTANEOUS LEFT VENTRICULAR ASSIST DEVICE

Right ventricular (RV) dysfunction after surgical Left Ventricular Assist Device (LVAD) is common and associated with poor outcomes. The incidence and management of acute RV failure with percutaneous LVADs is not well defined. A 25-year old man presented with flu like symptoms, hypotension and
Novel Regulation of Integrin Trafficking by Rab11-FIP5 in Aggressive Prostate Cancer

The laminin-binding integrins, α3β1 and α6β1, are needed for tumor metastasis and their surface expression is regulated by endocytic recycling. β1 integrins share the Rab11 recycling machinery, but the trafficking of α3β1 and α6β1 are distinct by an unknown mechanism. Using a mouse PDX tumor model containing human metastatic prostate cancer, Rab11 family interacting protein 5 (Rab11-FIP5) was identified as a lead candidate for α6β1 trafficking. Rab11-FIP5 and its membrane-binding domain were required for α6β1 recycling, without affecting the other laminin-binding integrin (i.e., α3β1) or unrelated membrane receptors like CD44, transferrin receptor, or E-cadherin. Depletion of Rab11-FIP5 resulted in the intracellular accumulation of α6β1 in the Rab11 recycling compartment, loss of cell migration on laminin, and an unexpected loss of α6β1 recycling in cell-cell locations. Taken together, these data demonstrate that α6β1 is distinct from α3β1 via Rab11-FIP5 recycling and recycles in an unexpected cell-cell location.Implications: Rab11-FIP5-dependent α6β1 integrin recycling may be selectively targeted to limit migration of prostate cancer cells into laminin-rich tissues. Mol Cancer Res; 16(8); 1319-31. ©2018 AACR.
Improving Healthcare With Control Charts: Basic and Advanced SPC Methods and Case Studies (Book)

(2004). Improving Healthcare with Control Charts: Basic and Advanced SPC Methods and Case Studies. Journal of Quality Technology: Vol. 36, No. 3, pp. 336-338.
On a Problem of Kurosh, Jonsson Groups, and Applications

Abstract. We prove some results in group theory in a model theoretic spirit. (i) We construct Jonsson groups of cardinality χ, and other cardinalities as well. This answers an old question of Kurosh. (ii) Our group is simple with no maximal subgroup; so it follows that taking Frattini subgroups does not commute with direct products. (ii) Assuming the continuum hypothesis, our group is not a topological group, except with the trivial topologies. This answers a quite old question of A.A. Markov. In the construction we use small cancellation theory. We try to make the paper intelligible to both group theorists and model theorists. Only a knowledge of naive set theory and group theory is needed.
Abstract 5704: Mass cytometry identifies the expansion, persistence, and immune checkpoints of adoptively transferred memory-like NK cells in patients with leukemia

NK cells are an emerging cell therapy for cancer, however, the optimal approaches to maximize NK cell anti-tumor attack are unclear. NK cells exhibit memory-like (ML) properties following combined cytokine (IL-12/15/18) pre-activation, evidenced by enhanced responses to cancer cells upon re-stimulation weeks later. A first-in-human clinical trial for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) (Romee R et al., Sci Transl Med, 2016) revealed that 7 of 11 (54%) evaluable patients responded to ML NK cell therapy. To inform key aspects of response, we used mass cytometry to track ML NK cell diversity, checkpoints, and effector functions in AML patients treated with ML NK cells. Multidimensional analyses (viSNE) of patient samples collected 7 days after NK transfer accurately identified in vivo-differentiated ML NK cells that were distinct from conventional NK (cNK) cells: CD56hiCD11bloCD62L+ NKG2AhiNKp30hi Ki-67+ (cNK: 3%±0.5% vs. ML: 87%±5%, mean±SEM within ML gate, P 1000-fold expansion in vivo, peak >2000 cells/uL blood), persisted >= 60 days, and were distinct from immature CD56brightKIR-CD16- NK cells developing from the graft. These ML NK cells exhibited potent anti-leukemic functional responses at day +28. Utilizing the phase 1 study cohort, Citrus analysis identified increased NKG2A expression as significantly correlated with treatment failure [median NKG2A = 89±25 (treatment failure); 8±3 (clinical response); p=0.007, FDR Citation Format: Melissa M. Berrien-Elliott, Julia A. Wagner, Rizwan Romee, Michelle Becker-Hapak, Timothy Schappe, Carly Neal, Ethan McClain, John DiPersio, Peter Westervelt, Amanda F. Cashen, Todd A. Fehniger. Mass cytometry identifies the expansion, persistence, and immune checkpoints of adoptively transferred memory-like NK cells in patients with leukemia [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 5704.
A Neuromechanical Model of Reduced Dorsiflexor Torque During the Anticipatory Postural Adjustments of Gait Initiation

Anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) precede gait initiation and function to accelerate the center of mass forward and towards the initial stance leg. Impairments in APA generation, such as those seen in people with Parkinson’s disease (PD), can impact the quality of the first step. An initial burst of activity in the dorsiflexor muscle (tibialis anterior) of the stepping leg is an important contributor to the posterior excursion of the center of pressure that accelerates the center of mass forward during an APA. Tibialis anterior activation can be diminished or absent in people with PD; however, the neuromechanical consequence of this diminished dorsiflexor torque on APA generation is not fully understood. Computational models of gait initiation that include components of the neuromuscular system may provide additional insight. In this paper, an inverted pendulum model of the body generated from healthy young adult data was used to simulate reduced dorsiflexor torque during an APA for gait initiation. Forward body lean angle and center of pressure were assessed over various settings of decreased dorsiflexor torque and compared to experimental data from a person with PD. Results from the model demonstrate that reducing the peak dorsiflexor torque by as little as 8-Nm may alter forward body lean and the center of pressure excursion from their nominal trajectories. These results can help inform how much torque is needed from an external device to effectively modulate APAs for gait initiation, as well as provide insight into compensation strategies for reduced dorsiflexor torque in pathology.
Illuminating Fermi Resonances that Trigger Reaction in a Complex Molecule

Transferring energy to specific molecular vibrations remains a challenge in the quest to control chemical reactions with light. In this issue of Chem, Rafiq et al. show that a quantum-mechanical Fermi resonance between a light-absorbing terpyridine-molybdenum complex and dinitrogen bridge directs energy to vibrations associated with bond activation.
Neuroinvasion and cognitive impairment in comorbid alcohol dependence and chronic viral infection: An initial investigation

Viruses that invade the central nervous system (CNS) can cause neuropsychiatric impairments. Similarly, chronic alcohol exposure can induce inflammatory responses that alter brain function. However, the effects of a chronic viral infection and comorbid alcohol use on neuroinflammation and behavior are not well-defined. We investigated the role of heavy alcohol intake in regulating inflammatory responses and behavioral signs of cognitive impairments in mice infected with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) clone 13. LCMV-infected mice exposed to alcohol had increased peripheral inflammation and impaired cognitive function (as indicated by performance on the novel object recognition test). Initial findings suggest that brain region-specific dysregulation of microglial response to viral infection may contribute to cognitive impairments in the context of heavy alcohol use.
Experimental characterization of an innovative low-temperature small-scale Rotary Displacer Stirling Engine

Abstract This study experimentally investigates a low-temperature, small-scale, Rotary Displacer Stirling Engine (RDSE) prototype for the first time. The RDSE represents a novel configuration utilizing a rotary displacer rather than the reciprocating displacer found in many conventional Stirling configurations. The study aims to systematically evaluate the effect of working fluid, phase angle, heat input and charge pressure. The performance of the RDSE is compared to some of the previously reported performances of Stirling engines using the dimensionless Beale ( B n ) and West ( W n ) numbers. Initial results indicate that 125° phase angle provides more power than the theoretically optimum 90° phase angle. The results also show comparable B n and significantly higher W n values (0.047 and 0.465, respectively) compared to earlier studies, and suggest that the RDSE can potentially be a competitive alternative to other SE configurations.
Nonreplacement treatment of chronic pancreatitis: Conservative, endoscopic, and surgical (resection and drainage procedures)

Abstract Optimal treatment of patients with chronic pancreatitis involves multidisciplinary strategies that integrate medical, endoscopic, and surgical forms of therapy. Pain relief is often the focus of therapy that has the greatest influence on quality of life, although attention to treatment of exocrine insufficiency and malnutrition are also important. When medical management fails, some patients may be candidates for endoscopic or surgical intervention. Endotherapy options include pancreatic duct stricture dilation, stent placement, and stone removal. In appropriately selected patients, endotherapy may achieve significant pain relief, although success may be relatively short lived and patients typically require multiple treatments. Surgical therapy is directed toward the presumed mechanism of pain, traditionally through internal pancreatic duct drainage (Roux-en-Y lateral pancreaticojejunostomy) or pancreatic head resection (pancreaticoduodenectomy or duodenum-sparing alternatives). Depending on patient selection, surgical therapy may achieve a long-term pain relief up to 80%.
Expectations do not affect punishment

Expectations-based reference dependence has been shown to be important across a variety of contexts in Psychology and Economics. Do expectations play a role in moral judgment? The higher our beliefs are relative to an outcome, do we punish more harshly? This paper reports a series of experiments investigating the hypothesis that expectations as reference points per se affect punishment. The experimental design varies the expectation the Punisher holds just before she learns what actually occurred. In tandem with the manipulation, expectations are shown to vary significantly and substantially. However, punishment does not respond to these exogenous changes in expectations. After 17 sessions, 295 Punishers, and six experimental setups, expectations are shown not to affect punishment in any systematic way.
Determining the Biological Mechanisms of Action for Environmental Exposures: Applying CRISPR/Cas9 to Toxicological Assessments

Toxicology is a constantly evolving field, especially in the area of developing alternatives to animal testing. Toxicological research must evolve and utilize adaptive technologies in an effort to improve public, environmental, and occupational health. The most commonly cited mechanisms of toxic action after exposure to a chemical or particle test substance is oxidative stress. However, because oxidative stress involves a plethora of genes and proteins, the exact mechanism(s) are not commonly defined. Exact mechanisms of toxicity can be revealed using an emerging laboratory technique referred to as CRISPR (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats). This article reviews the most common CRISPR techniques utilized today and how each may be applied in Toxicological Sciences. Specifically, the CRISPR/CRISPR-associated protein complex is used for single gene knock-outs, whereas CRISPR interference/activation is used for silencing or activating (respectively) ribonucleic acid. Finally, CRISPR libraries are used for knocking-out entire gene pathways. This review highlights the application of CRISPR in toxicology to elucidate the exact mechanism through which toxicants perturb normal cellular functions.
Benzene-H2O and benzene-HDO: Fully coupled nine-dimensional quantum calculations of flexible H2O/HDO intramolecular vibrational excitations and intermolecular states of the dimers, and their infrared and Raman spectra using compact bases.

We present a rigorous and comprehensive theoretical treatment of the vibrational dynamics of benzene-H2O and benzene-HDO dimers, where the quantum bound-state calculations of the coupled intra- and intermolecular vibrational states of the dimers are complemented by the quantum simulations of their infrared (IR) and Raman spectra utilizing the computed eigenstates. Apart from taking benzene to be rigid, the methodology for the nine-dimensional (9D) vibrational quantum calculations introduced in this study is fully coupled. The approach yields the intramolecular vibrational fundamentals and the bend (ν2) overtone of H2O and HDO in the complex, together with the low-lying intermolecular vibrational states in each of the intramolecular vibrational manifolds considered. Following the recently introduced general procedure [P. M. Felker and Z. Bacic, J. Chem. Phys. 151, 024305 (2019)], the full 9D vibrational Hamiltonian of the dimer is divided into a 6D intermolecular Hamiltonian, a 3D intramolecular Hamiltonian, and a 9D remainder term. A 9D contracted product basis is constructed from the low-energy eigenstates of the two reduced-dimension Hamiltonians, and the full vibrational dimer Hamiltonian is diagonalized in it. The symmetry present in the dimers is exploited to reduce the Hamiltonian matrix to a block diagonal form. Guided by the findings of our earlier study referenced above, the 6D intermolecular contracted bases for each symmetry block include only 40 eigenstates with energies up to about 225 cm-1, far below the stretch and bend fundamentals of H2O and HDO, which range between 1400 cm-1 and 3800 cm-1. As a result, the matrices representing the symmetry blocks of the 9D Hamiltonian are small for the high-dimensional quantum problem, 1360 and 1680 for the H2O and HDO complexes, respectively, allowing for direct diagonalization. These calculations characterize in detail the H2O/HDO intramolecular vibrations, their frequency shifts, and couplings to the large-amplitude-motion intermolecular vibrational sates. The computed IR spectra of the two complexes in the OH-stretch region, as well as the intermolecular Raman spectra, are compared to the experimental spectra in the literature.
Purpose Among Youth From Low-Income Backgrounds: A Mixed Methods Investigation

Theoretical and empirical research lead to conflicting perspectives on whether youth from low-income backgrounds are likely to have access to lives of purpose. To explore this issue, this study used data collected during the 2016-2017 academic year from a sample of Southern California youth. Findings suggest (a) youth from low-income communities are as likely as youth from middle-income communities to report leading lives of purpose; (b) purpose among low-income youth is associated with many of the same indicators of positive development as it is among middle-income youth; and (c) youth from low-income backgrounds encounter personal hardships that, in the presence of familial support and other developmental assets, can inspire purpose. Implications for purpose-fostering interventions among low-income youth are discussed.
Stability of epitaxial BiXO3 phases by density-functional theory

The bismuth-based perovskites are an interesting class of materials that exhibit a variety of coupled ferroic properties. Through epitaxial growth in the (001) pseudo-cubic [(001)pc] orientation, various phases with variable ferroelectric polarization can be stabilized. Using density-functional theory calculations, we predict the phase stability of the bismuth-based perovskite oxides as a function of pseudo-cubic in-plane (IP) lattice constant, mimicking (001)pc epitaxial films. We find that the BiMnO3, BiCoO3, and BiNiO3 systems each exhibit only one stable phase over a wide range of IP lattice constants. In the BiFeO3 (BFO) and BiCrO3 (BCO) systems, by comparison, we find several phases that are energetically favorable, depending on the value of the IP strain. The BFO phases predicted to be stable, in order of increasing compressive IP strain, are monoclinic Cc, triclinic P1, monoclinic Cm, and tetragonal P4mm. In the BCO system, we find two orthorhombic Pbnm phases, respectively, under no IP strain and under compressive IP strain, and one monoclinic Cc phase to be stable under tensile IP strain. Our results serve to guide experimental efforts in terms of selecting growth substrates with the goal of achieving desired epitaxial-stabilized perovskite phases and to support future investigations of the tunability of BXO properties with epitaxial strain.
The importance of land-use legacies for modeling present-day species distributions

Land-use legacies play an important role in shaping contemporary species distributions. However, land-use legacies are rarely considered in species distribution models (SDMs) that aim to model present-day species distributions across the landscape, even though they can lead to a species absence in suitable areas. SDMs that do not account for land-use legacies will likely result in biased predictions of species distributions. We examine the importance of land-use legacies for modeling present-day distributions of tree species at a regional scale, assessing how the addition of land-use legacy variables improves predictive power of SDMs. We generated land-use legacy variables using raster layers of reconstructed historical agricultural land use and 3310 inventory plots. SDMs were developed for six forest tree species based on climatic, edaphic, and topographic variables, and with (SDMLU) and without (SDMBase) land-use legacy variables. We compared the predictive power between SDMLU and SDMBase models and then quantified the local importance of land-use legacy variables relative to other abiotic variables. Our results show that the importance of land-use legacy variables for present-day species distributions and the improvement on the predictive power of SDMs is species-specific. The inclusion of land-use legacy variables improved SDMs primarily by lowering errors of commission and increasing the overall accuracy of prediction. The influence of land-use legacies on SDMs suggests that, for some tree species, incorporating land-use legacies can accurately identify suitable areas that are not occupied by the species due to land-use legacies, and advance our understanding of their present-day distributions.
Health Disparities of Older Adults in California: The Role of Sexual Identity and Latinx Ethnicity.

Background and objectives We examined the health disparities of older adults (age 50 and older) in California at the intersection of sexual identity and Latinx ethnicity, by comparing the prevalence of health outcomes of four groups: LGB (lesbian, gay, and bisexual) Latinx, straight Latinx, LGB non-Latinx, and straight non-Latinx older adults. Research design and methods Data were from the 2015-2016 California Health Interview Survey. Multivariate logistic regressions tested differences among the four groups and the effect of covariates on prevalence of mental and physical health outcomes. We compared LGB and straight people within the same ethnic groups and Latinx and non-Latinx people within the same sexual identity groups to understand the intersectional effect of Latinx ethnicity and LGB identity. Results Tests by sexual identity showed that among Latinx older adults, more LGB than non-LGB people experienced serious psychological distress. Among non-Latinx older adults, there were no health disparities due to sexual identity. Tests by Latinx ethnicity showed that among LGB older adults, more Latinx than non-Latinx people were obese. Among straight people, more Latinx than non-Latinx older people had poor health, diabetes, and obesity. Discussion and implications The compounded effect of Latinx and LGB identity on psychological distress is notable. However, most health disparities were among straight older adults, between Latinx and non-Latinx people, indicating that Latinx, not sexual identity, nor their intersection, was most influential. Given the importance of sociodemographic factors on health outcomes, programs targeting LGB older adults should take a comprehensive approach to understand their experiences as ethnic minorities.
The effect of depot medroxyprogesterone acetate on tenofovir alafenamide in rhesus macaques.

Abstract Prevention of HIV infection and unintended pregnancies are public health priorities. In sub-Saharan Africa, where HIV prevalence is highest, depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA) is widely used as contraception. Therefore, understanding potential interactions between DMPA and antiretrovirals is critical. Here, we use a macaque model to investigate the effect of DMPA on the pharmacology of the antiretroviral tenofovir alafenamide (TAF). Female rhesus macaques received 30 mg of DMPA (n = 9) or were untreated (n = 9). Macaques received a human equivalent dose of TAF (1.5 mg/kg) orally by gavage. Tenofovir (TFV) and TFV-diphosphate (TFV-DP) were measured in blood, secretions, and tissues over 72 h. The median area under the curve (AUC0–72h) values for TFV-DP in peripheral blood mononuclear cells were similar in DMPA-treated (6991 fmol*h/106 cells) and untreated controls (5256 fmol*h/106 cells) (P = 0.174). Rectal tissue TFV-DP concentrations from DMPA+ animals [median: 20.23 fmol/mg of tissue (range: 4.94–107.95)] were higher than the DMPA- group [median: below the limit of quantification (BLOQ-11.92)], (P = 0.019). TFV-DP was not detectable in vaginal tissue from either group. A high-dose DMPA treatment in macaques was associated with increased rectal TFV-DP levels, indicating a potential tissue-specific drug-drug interaction. The lack of detectable TFV-DP in the vaginal tissue warrants further investigation of PrEP efficacy with single-agent TAF products. DMPA did not affect systemic TAF metabolism, with similar PBMC TFV-DP in both groups, suggesting that DMPA use should not alter the antiviral activity of TAF.
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy to Promote Recovery from suicidal crises: A Randomized Controlled Acceptability and Feasibility Trial of ACT for life

Abstract Objectives ACT for Life was developed to guide the application of Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) to maximize recovery from suicidal crises. The current study tested the acceptability of ACT for Life and evaluated the feasibility of the research design for a future efficacy trial. Method Seventy veterans were randomized to treatment as usual (TAU) or ACT for Life plus TAU. Participants were assessed at baseline, post-treatment, and one- and three-months post enrollment. Results The mean Client Satisfaction Questionnaire-8 score was 29.1 (SD = 4.2; 95% CI: 27.6, 30.8). Qualitative data further supported acceptability. Feasibility was demonstrated by 74.3% of participants completing the treatment per protocol and clinicians delivering the treatment with 95% fidelity. Preliminary data suggest that ACT for Life may improve recovery following suicidal crises. Conclusions ACT for Life was highly acceptable and feasible. Future research is warranted to establish the efficacy of ACT for Life.
Fulminant myocarditis secondary to murine typhus mimicking acute coronary syndrome.

Myocarditis is a disease with variable clinical presentation, ranging from an uncomplicated febrile illness to cardiogenic shock. Herein, we report a case of fulminant myocarditis secondary to murine typhus in a 52-year-old male that initially mimicked an acute coronary syndrome. Emergent coronary angiography showed angiographically normal coronary arteries. Left ventriculography showed global hypokinesis with an ejection fraction of 10%. The patient required mechanical support with an intra-aortic balloon pump and fully recovered. .
Drug purchase price volatility in an academic medical center

PURPOSE Inpatient drug purchase price trends at an 811-bed academic medical center are described. SUMMARY Recent highly publicized drug price increases by pharmaceutical manufacturers have generated public interest in regulatory solutions to reduce drug costs. Monitoring drug price changes through internal dashboards has been demonstrated to aid in purchasing decisions to reduce the impact of drug price changes on inpatient pharmacy drug budgets. In this research, University of Chicago Medicine created an internal dashboard to detail specific inpatient drug purchase price trends. Dashboard data input included all medications purchased through the organization's group purchasing organization over a 25-month time frame. A total of 69,245 drug purchases of 2,432 unique medications and/or dosage strengths were analyzed in the study. Within the 25-month time period, 706 medications (29%) had a net drug purchase price increase, while 898 (37%) had a net drug purchase price decrease. The range of net price percentage changes for medications with price increases was 0.01% to 733.6%; the range for medications with price decreases was 0.01% to 97.5%. CONCLUSION Relative to previous purchase prices, drug purchase prices decreased or remained the same more often than they increased over a 25-month time frame. However, drug purchase price percentage changes were far greater for medications whose prices increased rather than decreased.
The Impact of Interhospital Competition on Treatment Strategy and Outcomes for Unruptured Intracranial Aneurysms.

BACKGROUND Interhospital competition has been shown to affect surgical outcomes and expenditures. However, interhospital competition's impact on neurosurgery is poorly characterized. OBJECTIVE To assess how interhospital competition is associated with treatment strategy and outcomes for unruptured intracranial aneurysms (UIAs). METHODS We identified all elective UIA admissions in the National Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2011. Competitive intensity of each hospital market was quantified using the validated Herfindahl-Hirschman Index (HHI), with lower values denoting higher competition. We then obtained nationwide HHI values for 2012 to 2016 from the Health Care Cost Project. Outcomes included treatment modality (clipping, coiling, or nonoperative management), inpatient mortality, disposition, complications, length of stay (LOS), and costs. Multivariate regression assessed the association between HHI and outcomes, controlling for patient demographics, severity metrics, hospital characteristics, and treatment. RESULTS We studied 157 979 elective UIA admissions at 1435 hospitals from 2002 to 2011, with an increase in coiling admissions (13.4% to 33.7%) and decrease in clipping admissions (30.9% to 17.6%). Mean hospital HHI was 0.11 (range = 0.001-0.97). Competition decreased for 61.8% of hospitals from 2002 to 2011 and 68.1% of metropolitan localities from 2012 to 2016. Admissions in more competitive hospital markets exhibited increased odds of undergoing surgery (odds ratio [OR] = 1.37, P < .001), with preference toward coiling over clipping (OR = 1.27, P < .001). HHI was not associated with mortality, disposition, or LOS. However, increased interhospital competition was associated with more complications (OR = 1.09, P = .001) and greater hospital costs (β-coefficient = 1.06, P < .001). CONCLUSION For UIA patients, admission to hospitals in more competitive geographies was associated with increased rates of surgical intervention, coiling utilization, complications, and hospitalization costs.
Connectome Constrained Graphical Models of MEG Coherence

Structural connectivity by axonal fiber bundles provides the backbone for communication between neural populations. Since axonal transmission occurs on a millisecond time scale, measures of M/EEG functional connectivity sensitive to phase synchronization in a frequency band, such as coherence, are expected to reflect structural connectivity. We develop a complex-valued Gaussian Graphical Model (cGGM) of MEG coherence whose edges are constrained by the structural connectome. cGGMs9 edge strengths are summarized by the partial coherence, a measure of conditional dependence. We developed the adaptive graphical lasso (AGL) to fit cGGMs which allows us to perform inference on the hypothesis that the structural connectome is reflected in MEG coherence in a frequency band. In simulations, we demonstrate that the structural connectivity9s influence on the cGGM can be inferred using the AGL. Further, we show that fitting the cGGM is superior to alternative methods at recovering the structural connectome. The graphical model of MEG coherence is robust to the source localization estimates required to map MEG from sensors to the cortex. Finally, we show how cGGMs can be used to explore how distinct parts of the structural connectome contribute to MEG coherence in different frequency bands. We think the cGGM is a useful tool that can provide improved interpretability of MEG coherence by making a direct link to the structural connectome.