cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Detection of fetal twins in sheep using a radioimmunoassay for pregnancy-specific protein B.

Ovine pregnancy-specific protein B (oPSPB) was isolated from sheep placentas. Antiserum to oPSPB was developed in rabbits. A quantitative RIA was developed and used to assay the serum concentrations of oPSPB during and after pregnancy in ewes bearing single or twin fetuses. Suffolk and Panama ewes, kept with rams equipped with a marking harness, were checked daily for breeding marks as an indication of estrus and bled daily between 10 and 30 d after marking. Ovine PSPB became detectable at 19.1±.14 (mean±SE) d after breeding and increased steadily to d 30. Panama oPSPB concentration increased at a greater rate than that of Suffolks (breed × day interaction, P<.01). Ten ewes were bled twice weekly 3 wk before their expected date of lambing and weekly for 1 wk postpartum. Serum concentrations differed considerably between prepartum ewes, but concentrations remained stable within the period of 20 d prepartum. Following parturition, oPSPB concentrations dropped rapidly. In nine ewes, oPSPB was last detectable at 12.78±2.26 (mean±SE) d postpartum. In the 10th ewe, oPSPB was.65 ng/mL at the last sample on d 46 postpartum. To determine the effect of fetal number on oPSPB concentrations, ewes in which estrus was synchronized were bled at d 18, 25, 38, 60, 90, and 120 after breeding. Ewes were killed at d 60, 90, 120, and 148 and fetal number determined. There was a significant (P<.01) difference in the log of oPSPB concentrations according to number of fetuses, day postbreeding, and the day × fetal number interaction. At 60, 90, and 120 d, the test was 82, 78, and 82% correct in detecting twins and single fetuses. With a combined 60 to 120 d of gestation range, the test was 78% correct at distinguishing twin from single pregnancies. The RIA provided values that were predictive. Ovine PSPB was detectable in sera very early in gestation, was not detectable within a few weeks after parturition, and was unusually higher in ewes bearing twins
Evaluation of common elbow pathologies: a focus on physical examination

Elbow tendinopathy accounts for the majority of elbow pathology in patients presenting to upper extremity and sports medicine surgeons. With increased participation in overhead sports in an aging population, the incidence of elbow injuries has risen. A comprehensive knowledge of elbow anatomy and biomechanical function of the elbow complex is prerequisite in the assessment of patients with elbow injuries; however, a thorough understanding of alternative and confounding pathologies is essential for accurate diagnosis. Because tendinopathy, tendonitis, and tendon tears have an anatomic basis for their pathology, a targeted history and meticulous physical examination often yields an accurate clinical diagnosis. The importance of physical examination and provocative examination maneuvers must be stressed in a technologically advanced era where clinical diagnosis is too commonly attained solely by advanced imaging modalities. A revived dedication to the physical examination may enhance our ability to correctly diagnose various pathologies about the elbow. Early and accurate clinical diagnosis is the first step in the proper initiation of treatment modalities and improvement in overall patient outcome.
Effect of volcanic bodies on hydrocarbon reservoirs in the northeastern part of the Chicontepec Foredeep, Mexico

AbstractShallow intrusive and extrusive volcanic events are common in the northeastern part of Chicontepec Foredeep where the close proximity of these volcanic bodies add to the complexity of the Paleocene-Eocene age tight and complex turbidite reservoirs. In accordance with studies in other basins, outcrop analogs of the Chicontepec reservoirs indicate the potential of enhanced natural fracturing and hence the increase of effective porosity in the host rock. We focus on exploring the validity of this observation in seismic and well data, which is rare in the literature. The preliminary results support the hypothesis of the potential increase of effective porosity including indication of dual-porosity systems in some areas, which would influence detailed studies aided by seismic data for considering Chicontepec reservoirs influenced by volcanic intrusions as additional target zones.
Situation-Awareness in Action: An Intelligent Online Learning Platform (IOLP)

Situation is a computational abstraction that encapsulates human-centric contexts, which can be human-oriented behavioral contexts as well as the relevant environmental contexts. Its potential applications in computer science range from artificial intelligence, service computing, human-computer interaction, pervasive computing to software engineering and software systems. In this paper, we introduce a user-centric situation-aware Intelligent Online Learning Platform (IOLP) that aims to provide a personalized learning experience for those conducting online-learning activities. It joins the engineering techniques from Machine Learning, Intelligent Systems (IS) and Human-Computing Interaction (HCI) to offer highly personalized services to the users. It serves as an experimental subject for, as well as a real-world implementation of situations. Under the strength of the abstraction of situation, various elements drawn from different areas in computer science are seamlessly integrated towards a user-centric Intelligent Online Learning Platform (IOLP). Our discussions on the IOLP are further supported by an online class instance it currently hosts featuring Python Programming.
Autonomy, Equality, and Teaching among Aka Foragers and Ngandu Farmers of the Congo Basin

The significance of teaching to the evolution of human culture is under debate. We contribute to the discussion by using a quantitative, cross-cultural comparative approach to investigate the role of teaching in the lives of children in two small-scale societies: Aka foragers and Ngandu farmers of the Central African Republic. Focal follows with behavior coding were used to record social learning experiences of children aged 4 to 16 during daily life. "Teaching" was coded based on a functional definition from evolutionary biology. Frequencies, contexts, and subtypes of teaching as well as the identity of teachers were analyzed. Teaching was rare compared to observational learning, although both forms of social learning were negatively correlated with age. Children received teaching from a variety of individuals, and they also engaged in teaching. Several teaching types were observed, including instruction, negative feedback, and commands. Statistical differences in the distribution of teaching types and the identity of teachers corresponded with contrasting forager vs. farmer foundational cultural schema. For example, Aka children received less instruction, which empirically limits autonomous learning, and were as likely to receive instruction and negative feedback from other children as they were from adults. Commands, however, exhibited a different pattern suggesting a more complex role for this teaching type. Although consistent with claims that teaching is relatively rare in small-scale societies, this evidence supports the conclusion that teaching is a universal, early emerging cognitive ability in humans. However, culture (e.g., values for autonomy and egalitarianism) structures the nature of teaching.
Euclidean Distance Graphs on the Rational Points

Throughout, \(\mathbb{Z}\), \(\mathbb{Q}\), and \(\mathbb{R}\) denote the usual rings of integers, rational numbers, and real numbers, respectively. If X is a set and n is a positive integer, X n denotes, as usual, the set of n-tuples with entries from X.
Parental Competency as a Mediator in the PACE Parenting Program’s Short and Long-term Effects on Parenting Stress

Higher levels of parenting stress and lower levels of parental competency have been shown to adversely affect a variety of child outcomes such as both externalizing and internalizing behavior problems. Behavioral parent training programs simultaneously decrease parenting stress while increasing parental competency. Recent research has focused on possible mechanisms of change that influence the efficacy of behavioral parent training programs. The present study examined parental competency, specifically parental efficacy and satisfaction, as mechanisms of change in the relationship between attendance in the Parenting Our Children to Excellence (PACE) program and long-term levels of parenting stress. Six hundred and ten parents participated in the PACE parenting program and measures were collected at pre-treatment, post-treatment, and follow-up. Path analysis was utilized to test parental competency as a mediator between engagement in PACE and follow-up parenting stress. Parental satisfaction, one factor of parental competency, was found to be a significant mediator between engagement in PACE and follow-up parenting stress. This study has important implications in further identifying mechanisms of change within behavioral parent training programs.
Novel Airway and Ventilator Management of Tracheobronchial Disruption After Blunt Trauma.

Tracheobronchial injuries can be difficult to diagnose and manage, especially in the presence of polytrauma. A 50-year-old woman presented as a Level I trauma activation after being struck by a motor vehicle. Initial evaluation demonstrated intracranial hemorrhage and multiple chest injuries, including multilevel bilateral rib fractures, pneumomediastinum, and concern for tracheobronchial injury. After initial stabilization, bronchoscopy was performed and demonstrated an injury to the carina. We report a novel airway and ventilation strategy in the setting of concomitant tracheobronchial injury after severe blunt chest trauma in which extracorporeal support is contraindicated.
The "Ownership" of Churches: Ethnic, Racial, and Language Groups in U.S. Catholicism

Traditional understandings of ownership emphasize legal or economic property rights, but these conceptions come up short when examining faith communities in the United States context, where congregants often feel and act as “owners,” regardless of legal property rights. International migration to the United States further complicates this “felt ownership” within faith communities, as distinct racial, ethnic, or language groups compete or cooperate around their claims of ownership. In those Roman Catholic faith communities known as “shared parishes,” where multiple racial, ethnic, or language groups have separate worship and ministries but share facilities and leadership (Hoover 2014), the complex negotiations of sharing demonstrate the power dynamics between groups. A two-year case study of three such parishes in the Los Angeles area shows how the “felt ownership” of particular groups is privileged or limited by the various factors that shape the often asymmetrical power dynamics between the groups in U.S. society.
Seasonal Incidence of Symptomatic Influenza in the United States

Background The seasonal incidence of influenza is often approximated as 5%-20%. Methods We used 2 methods to estimate the seasonal incidence of symptomatic influenza in the United States. First, we made a statistical estimate extrapolated from influenza-associated hospitalization rates for 2010-2011 to 2015-2016, collected as part of national surveillance, covering approximately 9% of the United States, and including the existing mix of vaccinated and unvaccinated persons. Second, we performed a literature search and meta-analysis of published manuscripts that followed cohorts of subjects during 1996-2016 to detect laboratory-confirmed symptomatic influenza among unvaccinated persons; we adjusted this result to the US median vaccination coverage and effectiveness during 2010-2016. Results The statistical estimate of influenza incidence among all ages ranged from 3.0%-11.3% among seasons, with median values of 8.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 7.3%-9.7%) for all ages, 9.3% (95% CI, 8.2%-11.1%) for children <18 years, and 8.9% (95% CI, 8.2%-9.9%) for adults 18-64 years. Corresponding values for the meta-analysis were 7.1% (95% CI, 6.1%-8.1%) for all ages, 8.7% (95% CI, 6.6%-10.5%) for children, and 5.1% (95% CI, 3.6%-6.6%) for adults. Conclusions The 2 approaches produced comparable results for children and persons of all ages. The statistical estimates are more versatile and permit estimation of season-to-season variation. During 2010-2016, the incidence of symptomatic influenza among vaccinated and unvaccinated US residents, including both medically attended and nonattended infections, was approximately 8% and varied from 3% to 11% among seasons.
Estimation of Circulating Drug Metabolite Exposure in Human Using In Vitro Data and Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Modeling: Example of a High Metabolite/Parent Drug Ratio

(R)-4-((4-(((4-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)oxy)methyl)piperidin-1-yl)methyl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-4-ol (TBPT), a serotonin-4 receptor partial agonist, is metabolized to two metabolites: an N-dealkylation product [(R)-3-(piperidin-4-ylmethoxy)-4-((tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)benzo[d]isoxazole (M1)] and a cyclized oxazolidine structure [7-(((4-(((R)-tetrahydrofuran-3-yl)oxy)benzo[d]isoxazol-3-yl)oxy)methyl)octahydro-3H (M2)]. After administration of TBPT to humans the exposure to M1 was low and the exposure to M2 was high, relative to the parent drug, despite this being the opposite in vitro. In this study, projection of the plasma metabolite/parent (M/P) ratios for M1 and M2 was attempted using in vitro metabolism, binding, and permeability data in static and dynamic physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models. In the static model, the fraction of parent clearance yielding the metabolite (which also required taking into account secondary metabolites of M1 and M2), the clearance of the metabolites and parent, and an estimate of the availability of the metabolites from the liver were combined to yield estimated parent/metabolite ratios of 0.32 and 23 for M1 and M2, respectively. PBPK modeling that used in vitro and physicochemical data input yielded estimates of 0.26 and 20, respectively. The actual values were 0.12 for M1/TBPT and 58 for M2/TBPT. Thus, the ratio for M1 was overpredicted, albeit at values less than unity. The ratio for M2/TBPT was underpredicted, and the high ratio of 58 may exceed a limiting ceiling of the approach. Nevertheless, when considered in the context of determining whether a potential circulating metabolite may be quantitatively important prior to administration of a drug for the first time to humans, the approaches succeeded in highlighting the importance of M2 (M/P ratio >> 1) relative to M1, despite M1 being much greater than M2 in vitro.
Computing the cost of care per day of breast cancer survivor care.

10Background: Cost of breast cancer survivor surveillance, of survivorship care and of variation in care practices are unknown. Furthermore, it is not known whether intense surveillance care adds v...
Borderline Disorders in Children

The classification of borderline personality disorder in children is discussed, and the major clinical features of the condition are described. Theories of etiology, pathogenesis, and causal pathways are described, including genetic, organic, and psychodynamic factors. The role of intensive psychotherapy for children with borderline disorders is described.
Regeneration of soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.) from cultured primary leaf tissue.

A reproducible method for regeneration of plants from primary leaf tissue of 27 varieties of soybean (Glycine max), encompassing maturity groups 00 to VIII, has been developed. Progeny from seeds recovered from regenerated plants appear normal. Best regeneration was from leaf explants (2.1–4.0 mm) obtained from 5 day old seedlings. While 2,4,5-trichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4,5-T) was demonstrated to be essential for regeneration, addition of benzyladenine (BA) was found to enhance regeneration. Of the 6 other auxins tested, only picloram induced any regenerative response. Using identical volumes of medium and other conditions, regeneration could be obtained in 95 × 25 mm glass culture tubes but not in 60 × 15 mm Petri dishes. The regeneration of soybeans from primary leaf tissue was shown to be greatly enhanced by pyroglutamic acid (5-oxoproline). Stimulatory effects were attained if pyroglutamic acid was added directly to the medium or if it was formed in situ as a result of chemical transformation of glutamine during autoclaving. The “active” component produced by autoclaving glutamine was not a conjugate of glutamine with inorganic salts or another organic component of the medium. Filter-sterilized glutamine was shown to be inhibitory to regeneration. Murashige and Skoog (MS) and Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) basal media were compared to Gamborg B5 medium. All contained 0.1 mg/l 2,4,5-T, 40 mg/l adenine sulfate and 10 mM pyroglutamic acid. No regeneration occurred when MS medium was used. Growth and appearance of callus growing on SH and B5 media with the additives were similar. The incidence of regeneration among cultures growing on SH medium was only one third compared to cultures grown on B5 medium.
Hamiltonicity in balanced k -partite graphs

One of the earliest results about hamiltonian graphs was given by Dirac. He showed that if a graphG has orderp and minimum degree at least $$\frac{p}{2}$$ thenG is hamiltonian. Moon and Moser showed that a balanced bipartite graph (the two partite sets have the same order)G has orderp and minimum degree more than $$\frac{p}{4}$$ thenG is hamiltonian. In this paper, their idea is generalized tok-partite graphs and the following result is obtained: LetG be a balancedk-partite graph with orderp = kn. If the minimum degree $$\delta (G) > \left\{ {\begin{array}{*{20}c} {\left( {\frac{k}{2} - \frac{1}{{k + 1}}} \right)n if k is odd } \\ {\left( {\frac{k}{2} - \frac{2}{{k + 2}}} \right)n if k is even} \\ \end{array} } \right.$$ thenG is hamiltonian. The result is best possible.
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo in Adults Referred for an ADHD Evaluation: A Psychometric Analysis of Self- and Collateral Report:

Objective: Sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms uniquely contribute to psychiatric and functional outcomes in child samples; however, the psychometric properties of SCT measures among adult outpatients are unknown. Method: Adults (n = 124) presenting for an ADHD evaluation provided self- and collateral report of SCT symptoms. Results: The SCT scale had good internal consistency and yielded three factors across raters: Slow/Daydreamy, Sleepy/Sluggish, and Low Initiation/Persistence. SCT scores exhibited convergent validity with ADHD symptoms across raters. Individuals with ADHD received higher SCT ratings than those without ADHD via collateral report, a pattern that was similar when comorbidity was considered. SCT was associated with poorer functioning after accounting for ADHD symptoms with some differential effects based on reporting source. Conclusion: Findings support the internal consistency and validity of a three-factor SCT scale among adult outpatients. Differential results between self- and collateral report demonstrate the importance of multiple reporters of SCT in clinical settings.
Biocompatible, Inkjet Printed Heterostructure Photodetector for Biosensing Applications

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), a retinal degenerative disease that results in a continuous degeneration of photoreceptors in the retina which eventually leads to complete blindness [1]. One approach to combat AMD is through the use of artificially implantable photodetectors that are physically placed on the retina. The large format photodetector pixels on the flexible and conformable substrate allows the implantable photodetectors to be in intimate contact to retinal pigment epithelium. Interestingly, 2D materials such as photosensitive and semiconducting molybdenum disulfide (MoS 2 ) and electrically conducting graphene have recently received tremendous promise due to their unique photonic and optoelectronic properties properties and their potential in various types of micro and nano devices [2,3,4]. In this study, we have tested the biocompatibility of various 2D materials, such as graphene and MoS 2 in several organic solvents. Specifically, these materials have been dispersed in Isopropyl Alcohol (IPA), a mixture of Cyclohexanone/Terpineol 7:3 ratio (C/T), and N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). Mouse Embryonic Fibroblast (STO) was used for the biocompatibility analysis for inks drop cast on flexible polyimide substrate. A biocompatible photodetector on a flexible polyimide substrate was designed, fabricated using inkjet printing and tested as a function of photo intensity and strain.
Goya y sus críticos (y otros ensayos)

Nigel Glendinning may today be best-known for his spirited defence of Goya’s El Coloso, but this represented only a part of a lifetime’s study of the great painter.1 In fact, when he died, he left ...
The critical landscape architectural project

As the myth of the avant-garde goes, the alienated individual is necessarily critical of his or her cultural context, which in turn fuels the creation of utopian, or as the case may be, dystopian a...
γδTCR-independent origin of neonatal γδ T cells prewired for IL-17 production

A classical view of T cell lineages consists of two major clades of T cells expressing either the αβ or γδ T cell receptor (TCR). However, genome-wide assessments indicate molecular clusters segregating T cell subsets that are preprogrammed for effector function (innate) from those that mediate conventional adaptive response, regardless of the TCR types. Within this paradigm, γδ T cells remain the prototypic innate-like lymphocytes, many subsets of which are programmed during intrathymic development for committed peripheral tissue localization and effector responses. Emerging evidence for innate γδ T cell lineage choice dictated by developmental gene programs rather than the sensory TCR is discussed in this review.
Data Analytics for Corrosion Assessment

Accurate corrosion detection and prediction Open image in new window requires novel tools for processing surfaces/panels exposed to corrosive environments in order to detect early corrosion initiation. Data analytics offers a rich array of methods execute a sequence of tasks starting with pre-processing of raw images to improve the image to noise ratio, extracting features or useful information from pre-processed images, selecting the “best” features that are characteristic of corrosion evidence, and classifying the features for further processing. We take advantage of classical techniques for data mining but we introduce also new tools based on Deep Learning.
“I Sometimes Thought I Was Listening to Myself”: Identity-Deliberation After the Holocaust in Chaim Grade’s “My Quarrel with Hersh Rasseyner”

This chapter focuses on Chaim Grade’s short story “My Quarrel with Hersh Rasseyner.” Set before, during, but mostly after the Holocaust, the story’s central characters represent two opposite extremes that Jews had to confront in response to the Holocaust: the atheist who felt abandoned by God and the defender of the faith in the face of what felt like utter betrayal. This chapter discusses the ways in which Grade engages these two contrasting ideas to come together in complex ways.
Modified percutaneous internal ring suturing with peritoneal injury in children: matched comparison to open hernia repair.

The aim of this study was to elucidate the outcomes of percutaneous internal ring suture (PIRS) technique for inguinal hernia repair augmented with thermal peritoneal injury compared to open inguinal hernia repair (OHR) in a large population of contemporary pediatric patients. Thermal injury with PIRS has been shown to reduce recurrence in animal models and is increasingly being incorporated into clinical practice. Retrospective review of all PIRS procedures and OHR between Jan-2017 to Sept-2018 was performed. Data regarding patient characteristics, characteristics of the hernia, operative details, postoperative complications, and recurrence were collected. Non-parametric tests were used and p < 0.05 was regarded as statistically significant. 1:1 Propensity score matching was performed using “nearest-score” technique. Matching was done based on age, sex, follow-up time, side of hernia, repair of contralateral hernia, and number of additional procedures. 90 modified PIRS patients were matched to 90 OHRs. Patient demographics, hernia characteristics, and follow-up time were similar between the two groups after matching. There were no differences in recurrence rates (1 vs. 3 in OHR and PIRS, respectively, p = 0.6), complication rates (1 vs. 4 in OHR and PIRS, respectively, p = 0.4), and OR time [44.5 vs. 43 min in OHR and PIRS, respectively, p = 0.8]. There were no intraoperative complications for either technique. For OHR, laparoscopic look was performed in 23%. When successful, it revealed a contralateral PPV (patent processus vaginalis-PPV) in 41% of cases (9.4% of all OHR), all of which were repaired. For the PIRS procedures, a contralateral PPV was found in 25.6%, all of which were repaired. In the unmatched population, OHR had a metachronous hernia rate of 1.8%, none of whom had the contralateral PPV repaired at the original procedure. PIRS with peritoneal injury has comparable efficacy and good safety compared to OHR. Recurrence and complication rates should further improve with increasing experience. Future studies should elucidate long term outcomes.
Memmius, cicero and lucretius: A note on cic. Fam. 13.1

A recent piece in this journal by Morgan and Taylor made the case that C. Memmius is not to be seen as an active prosecutor of Epicureanism but rather as an Epicurean himself, who merely has disagreed with the grimly orthodox Epicurean sect in Athens. As such, Memmius’ building intentions for Epicurus’ home could have been to create an honorary monument or possibly even construct a grander locus for pilgrimage and the practice of Epicureanism. This note adds to their findings by considering allusions to De Rerum Natura found in Fam. 13.1 and the implications of Cicero speaking to Memmius in Lucretius’ striking language. Cicero expresses his judgement on De Rerum Natura, famously, at QFr. 2.10.3, Lucreti poemata ut scribis ita sunt, multis luminibus ingeni, multae tamen artis. sed cum ueneris, uirum te putabo si Sallusti Empedoclea legeris, hominem non putabo, and Memmius, of course, is the addressee of De Rerum Natura. This Lucretian language, unremarked on by previous scholars, points to the shared literary culture of Cicero and Memmius as well as Memmius’ own ability to recollect and contextualize the references. By echoing Lucretius in this letter, Cicero hints at Memmius’ sophistication and learning (Cic. Brut. 247), underscores Lucretius’ own fervent devotion to Epicurus’ strictures, and suggests the need for Memmius to achieve ataraxia, at the very least, in regards to his building plans and the furore it is causing in Athens.
Chapter 12 – Fossil Prosimians

: This chapter discusses the earliest true primates, the fossil prosimians that were the most abundant and diverse primates in the Eocene Epoch, as well as the paleontological record of lorises, galagos, and tarsiers. Adapoids were a diverse radiation related to living strepsirrhines that lived North America, Africa and Eurasia in the Eocene and persisted in Asia until the late Miocene. In many aspects of their anatomy, and probably their behavior, they resembled extant Malagasy lemurs and extant lorises. They included species that were faunivorous, frugivorous, and folivorous and a wide range of leapers, arboreal, quadrupeds and slow climbers. The direct ancestors of living strepsirrhines first appear in the Eocene of North Africa and include some species clearly related to extant lorisoids as well as several specialized forms unlike any later sprepsirrhines. There are numerous fossil lorises and galagos from the Miocene and Pliocene. Omomyoids are a group of early primates that first appear in the earliest Eocene in conjunction with the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximun. They are haplorhines, broadly related to tarsiers and anthropoids. Like adapoids, they had an extensive adaptive radiation in the Eocene of North America and Eurasia. They include numerous faunivorous and frugivorous species. Most were leapers and arboreal quadrupeds. There are fossil tarsiers from the middle Eocene through Miocene of Asia and possible from the Eocene and Oligocene of Africa.
Exploring alternative solid waste management strategies for achieving policy goals

The authors previously analysed a real-world solid waste management (SWM) system using the solid waste optimization life-cycle framework (SWOLF) to identify optimal SWM strategies that meet modelle...
The Universal Appeals of Edmund John Millington Synge’s Tragic Play “Riders to The Sea”

This paper explores the universal appeal in Edmund John Millington Synge’s tragic play “Riders to the Sea”. The subject matters in this study e.g. suffering, supernaturalism, and death are the representative of the universality of literary works. The sense of universality in literature is disposed to the relationships among human spirit, hope, emotion and social beings. Literature goes beyond national boundaries, time barriers, gender disparity and even historical grounds. The story Riders to the Sea is centered on the protagonist, an old woman, Maurya, who lost all her male family members of her family. All her male family members have drowned at sea. The sea becomes a secreted enemy never giving a chance for her to live a life of peace.The study was conducted by means of descriptive qualitative method. Synge succeeds in transforming the lifestyle of the peasents through a realistic representation into a universal worldwide appeal.
Editorial Commentary: Peripheral Blood Stem Cells Mobilization Using Granulocyte Colony-Stimulating Factor for Articular Cartilage Injuries: Wake Them Up and Make Them Come to You!

Abstract Articular cartilage injuries constitute a prevalent musculoskeletal problem in the general population. Restorative cartilage procedures are specifically challenging, as recapitulating hyaline cartilage can be difficult, thus compromising clinical outcomes. Progenitor cells for the treatment of articular cartilage injuries constitute a promising therapeutic method that has been increasing exponentially. Progenitor cells can be obtained from many different human tissues, such as bone marrow, adipose tissue, and muscle, as well as from peripheral blood after mobilizing stem cells from bone marrow with granulocyte colony-stimulating factor simulation. The minimally invasiveness, low complication rate, and efficacy of peripheral blood stem cells has gained significant attention and rapidly has become a promising source of progenitor cell delivery in the past decade.
The New Worldview: The Rational Scientific Worldview, and, Secular Humanism

Science has become the new worldview. When we look up, we do not see heaven, we see galaxies, supernovas, the edge of black holes, an infinite expanding universe. When we are ill, we see a medical doctor, not a priest. The rational-scientific worldview is replacing world religions as a way to perceive the universe and ourselves in it. Because of the decline of the religious worldview—globally—secular humanism has emerged to ensure the rights and safety of human individuals. The United Nations bill of human rights, the American Bill of Rights and the humanistic organizations and humanistic philosophies have begun to fill the gap left by the absence of religion, and, the non-moral aspect of science—which is rational but contains no ethics, no value judgments. Together, science and humanism could become the new “zeitgeist” for the modern world. As Hegel put it, human self-consciousness has reached a new peak—this as we embark on flights to space, which Hegel never envisioned.
Physiology of the human dental pulp

Abstract Because of the unique encasement of the human dental pulp in a low-compliance environment, intrapulpal tissue pressure is of paramount importance in pulpal physiology. Tissue pressure is a local phenomenon, and the pathophysiology of pulp is characterized not by a sudden strangulation at the apex but by a circumferential spread of inflammation and necrosis from a site of initial injury. It is only when gross destruction of tissue has led to a loss of structural integrity that the pulp may become an isobaric chamber in which all areas are in hydrostatic communication.
Relative rates of sea-air heat transfer and frictional drag in very high winds

[1] Hurricanes are fueled by evaporation and convection from the ocean and they lose energy through the frictional drag of the atmosphere on the ocean surface. The relative rates of these processes have been thought to provide a limit on the maximum potential hurricane intensity. Here we report laboratory observations of these transfers for scaled winds equivalent to a strong Category 1 hurricane (38 ms−1). We show that the transfer coefficient ratio holds closely to a level of ∼0.5 even in the highest observed winds, where previous studies have suggested there is a distinct regime change at the air-sea interface. This value is well below the expected threshold value for intense hurricanes of 0.75. Recent three-dimensional model studies also find that the coefficient ratio can be much lower than 0.75, which suggests that other factors such as eyewall and/or vortex dynamics are responsible for the formation of very strong hurricanes.
Psychiatric epidemiology--a historic review.

In pursuing diverse goals over the years, psychiatric epidemiology has produced a rich variety of enterprises. But the core concern of psychiatric epidemiology from its earliest days has been the estimation of the overall prevalence of psychiatric disorder in the total population, in an effort to estimate need for services and to identify demographic correlates of disorder as clues to possible etiologic factors
Predicting Other Cause Mortality Risk for Older Men with Localized Prostate Cancer: A Dissertation

Background: Overtreatment of localized prostate cancer (PCa) is a concern as many men die of other causes prior to experiencing a treatment benefit. This dissertation characterizes the need for assessing other cause mortality (OCM) risk in older men with PCa and informs efforts to identify patients most likely to benefit from definitive PCa treatment. Methods: Using the linked Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results-Medicare Health Outcomes Survey database, 2,931 men (mean age=75) newly diagnosed with clinical stage T1a-T3a PCa from 1998-2009 were identified. Survival analysis methods were used to compare observed 10-year OCM by primary treatment type. Age and health factors predictive of primary treatment type were assessed with multinomial logistic regression. Predicted mortality estimates from Social Security life tables (recommended for life expectancy evaluation) and two OCM risk estimation tools were compared to observed rates. An improved OCM prediction model was developed fitting Fine and Gray competing risks models for 10-year OCM with age, sociodemographic, comorbidity, activities of daily living, and patient-reported health data as predictors. The tools’ ability to discriminate between patients who died and those who did not was evaluated with Harrell’s c-index (range 0.5-1), which also guided new model selection. Results: Fifty-four percent of older men with localized PCa underwent radiotherapy while 13% underwent prostatectomy. Twenty-three percent of those treated with radiotherapy and 12% of those undergoing prostatectomy experienced OCM within 10 years of treatment and thus were considered overtreated. Health factors indicative of a shorter life expectancy (increased comorbidity, worse physical health, smoking) had little to no association with radiotherapy assignment but were significantly related to reductions in the likelihood of undergoing prostatectomy. Social Security life tables overestimated mortality risk and discriminated poorly between men who died and those who did not over 10 years (c-index=0.59). Existing OCM risk estimation tools were less likely to overestimate OCM rates and had limited but improved discrimination (c-index=0.64). A risk model developed with self-reported age, Charlson comorbidity index score, overall health (excellent-good/fair/poor), smoking, and marital status predictors had improved discrimination (c-index=0.70). Conclusions: Overtreatment of older men with PCa is primarily attributable to radiotherapy and may be reduced by pretreatment assessment of mortality-related health factors. This dissertation provides a prognostic model which utilizes a set of five self-reported characteristics that better identify patients likely to die of OCM within 10 years of diagnosis than age and comorbidity-based assessments alone.
Wafer-scale assembly of highly ordered semiconductor nanowire arrays by contact printing.

Controlled and uniform assembly of “bottom-up” nanowire (NW) materials with high scalability presents one of the significant bottleneck challenges facing the integration of nanowires for electronic...
Complications of Mohs Micrographic Surgery

The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer is increasing rapidly in the United States. The rapid rise in the number of cases of NMSC has lead to an increasing demand for Mohs micrographic surgery. Along with this dramatic rise in the number of procedures being performed comes the risk of increased complications. However, with careful planning, good judgment, and proper techniques the risk of complications can be minimized. The primary goal of this chapter is to review the current recommendations and evidence for the prevention of the common complications in the setting of Mohs surgery. More serious, but thankfully rare, complications, as well as several recently described complications will also be reviewed.
Gender differences in mortality, quality of life and function after restorative procedures for rectal cancer

Aim Studies investigating the functional outcome after restorative surgery for rectal cancer have mainly focused on the effect of different surgical techniques on bowel habit or sexual activity at a single time-point. The aim of this study was to assess, longitudinally, the effect of rectal cancer treatment on bowel function, quality of life and sexual activity. Method The study parameters were assessed using self-administered questionnaires, including the Short Form 36 (SF-36), repeatedly, over a 5-year period. Patient details were obtained from the Cleveland Clinic prospective database. Results There were 260 (186 male) patients. The mean ages of male and female patients at the time of surgery were 60.5 and 57.5 years, respectively. There was no significant difference in comorbidity or stage between the groups. Women had a better overall survival. More women than men had postoperative radiation and perioperative blood transfusions. Men had a higher percentage of hand-sewn anastomoses (23.9%vs 10.8%, P = 0.018), but there was no overall difference in the mean level of anastomosis (2.3 cm vs 1.9 cm, P = 0.38). Men had worse nocturnal bowel function, more incontinence and a poorer mental component score on the SF-36. Pad use increased over time to a greater degree in women. Sexual activity, which was similar in men and women at baseline, had fallen at 5 years in both genders. Conclusion After restorative resection for rectal cancer, bowel function is worse in men than in women, especially night evacuation at 3 and 5 years postoperatively. Sexual function in both genders declines sharply initially within 1 year postoperatively and more gradually over 5 years.
Evaluation of high temperature dielectric films for high voltage power electronic applications

Three high temperature films, polyimide, Teflon perfluoroalkoxy and poly-P-xylene, were evaluated for possible use in high voltage power electronic applications, such as in high energy density capacitors, cables and microelectronic circuits. The dielectric properties, including permittivity and dielectric loss, were obtained in the frequency range of 50 Hz to 100 kHz at temperatures up to 200°C. The dielectric strengths at 60 Hz were determined as a function of temperature to 250°C. Confocal laser microscopy was performed to diagnose for voids and microimperfections within the film structure. The results obtained indicate that all films evaluated are capable of maintaining their high voltage properties, with minimal degradation, at temperatures up to 200°C. However, above 200°C, they lose some of their electrical properties. These films may therefore become viable candidates for high voltage power electronic applications at high temperatures.
Transmyocardial and Percutaneous Myocardial Revascularization: Current and Future Role in the Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease

Transmyocardial revascularization (TMR) is a new treatment modality under evaluation in patients with severely symptomatic, diffuse coronary artery disease, in whom the potential for medical or interventional management has been exhausted. Preliminary clinical trials show improved ischemic symptoms within the first 3 months in about 70% of TMR-treated patients. The original proposed mechanism of surgical or catheter-based TMR (percutaneous myocardial revascularization [PMR]) was that channels mediate direct blood flow between the left ventricular cavity and ischemic myocardium. However, several alternative explanations for the clinical success of TMR have recently been suggested, including improved perfusion by angiogenesis, an anesthetic effect by nerve destruction, and a potential placebo effect. This article reviews the clinical role of TMR/PMR, its possible pathophysiologic mechanisms, and its controversies. It provides an overview of the actual scientific and clinical status of TMR and details future directions.
The Economics Of Compatibility Standards: An Introduction To Recent Research 1

This paper surveys the contributions that economists have made to understanding standards-setting processes and their consequences for industry structure and economic welfare. Standardization processes of four kinds are examined, namely: (1) market competition involving products embodying unsponsored standards, (2) market competition among sponsored (proprietary) standards, (3) agreements within voluntary standards-writing organizations, a18d (4) direct governmental promulgation. The major trajectories along which research has been moving are described and related to both the positive and the normative issues concerning compatibility standards that remain to be studied.
Market Rhetoric and the Ebonics Debate

Using a method of topical rhetorical analysis, inspired by K. Burke, to discuss the Ebonics debate, this article demonstrates that conversations about education, particularly writing instruction, have adopted a market rhetoric that limits teachers’ agency. However, reappropriation of this market rhetoric can help writing teachers to imagine and actuate a more empowered and long-sighted agency for themselves. Rhetorical analysis can therefore help educators to understand how local language practices shape their interaction with the rapidly changing material environment of fast capitalism.
Sintering in multicomponent metallic systems

Abstract The investigation of the synthetic compacts composed of wires of CuNi, AuNi, FeNi and Ag-Cu, revealed that the volume changes of these compacts during sintering are mainly controlled by interdiffusion. Large volume expansions due to the Kirkendall effect were actually measured. The growth of the neck between two adjacent wires was arrested until the chemical gradient was levelled out. Precipitation of the vacancies as well as plastic flow caused by unequal diffusion fluxes have been observed. At lower temperatures the surface diffusion appeared to be a predominant mechanism.
Cryogenic acoustic microscopy: The search for ultrahigh resolution using cryogenic liquids

Abstract Cryogenic liquids have shown considerable promise as coupling liquids for use in high resolution acoustic microscopy. Using liquid nitrogen and argon, images have been obtained with excellent contrast and exhibiting resolution equal to high quality optical micrographs. Using an acoustic wavelength of 0.36 μm, images have been produced in superfluid helium held at 1.95 K. At very low temperatures even better performance is possible. Initial studies have been performed for frequencies near 1 GHz and at temperatures in the range 0.1–0.5 K. Attenuation has been evaluated and found to scale as the fourth power in temperature. Using an acoustic lens, a focused acoustic beam was studied and the onset of nonlinear effects at high input power was observed. Using existing data and theory, the ultimate performance of the acoustic microscope in superfluid helium can be evaluated.
The Regulation of Phosphorylation of a Specific Protein in Synaptosomal Fractions from Drosophila Heads: The Effects of Light and Two Visual Mutants

1. Protein IV from synaptosomal fractions ofDrosophila heads is phosphorylatedin vitro by an endogenous cyclic adenosine monophosphate (cAMP)-dependent protein kinase. Thein vivo phosphorylation of this protein is affected by light. 2. Two visual mutants,tan andstoned, exhibit altered levels ofin vivo phosphorylation of protein IV. Thetan strain shows depressedin vivo levels of phosphorylation of protein IV, whereasstoned shows an increase in thein vivo level of phosphorylation of this same protein. 3. Protein D is phosphorylatedin vitro by an endogenous Ca2+/calmodulindependent protein kinase and has a molecular weight identical to that of protein IV. Thestoned mutant strain shows an increase in thein vivo level of phosphorylation of protein D. 4. The data presented here suggest that the phosphorylation of protein IV, and perhaps D, may play a role in the early processing of visual information in the fly.
Somatic Styles of the Early Middle Ages

‘Somatic Styles’ examines how classical modes of gender played significant roles in carving out competitive arenas between clerical and lay elites, c.600–900 CE. The paper explores the hermeneutical obstacles standing between the contemporary theorist of gender and the complex nature of the early medieval texts under scrutiny. The analysis reconstructs classicising techniques of gender deployed by early medieval churchmen, and it does so in a way that both challenges the stranglehold of the ‘one-sex’ model on pre-modern understandings of gender and heals the ‘rupture’ between the ‘Ancient’ and the ‘Dark Age’. Finally, the essay maps early medieval somatic and gendered styles onto an architectural space where lay and consecrated bodies met – a ninth-century monastic basilica.
Chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy for remote sensing of methane at 1.65μm — Analysis of system performance

A Quantum Cascade laser-based water vapor (H 2 16O and H 2 18O) isotope analyzer for fast, real-time measurement of δ18O in the urban environment with 1s accuracy of 0.74 %o was developed. The sensor was laboratory tested and the time series of δ18O in ambient outdoor air has also been acquired and presented.
The case against the routine provision of psychotherapy to children/adolescents labeled “sexually abused”

Whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, children labeled sexually abused are routinely offered treatment at considerable financial cost. One result of this is that mental health professionals are being charged with exploiting the problem of child sexual abuse (CSA). Is the routine provision of psychotherapy for children and adolescents labeled sexually abused warranted? In this paper, it is argued that the evidence indicates it is not warranted. Further, its provision is not in the best interests of either the children or mental health professionals. A number of recommendations are given which follow from the evidence.