cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Abstract A67: The effects of SAHA and EGCG on metastatic potential in triple-negative breast cancer

Approximately 12% of breast cancers are triple negative, and are nearly two times more common in black women that white women. These cancers have a poorer short-term prognosis than other types due to the lack of targeted therapies. The purpose of this study was to use suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid (SAHA), a histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor used to treat cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL), and epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), a DNA methyltransferase (DNMT) inhibitor found in green tea, to decrease metastatic potential in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. SAHA and EGCG were administered singly and in combination to determine if the combination was more efficacious than either compound alone in their effects on cell viability and foci, or colony, formation. RNA and protein analysis was performed to evaluate epithelial versus mesenchymal markers, while scratch tests provided phenotypic evidence of changes in migration capability. We found that the combination of SAHA and EGCG at optimal concentrations of 3 μM SAHA and 5 μM reduced breast cancer cellular viability in an additive manner while this combination had no significant effect on control breast cells. This is a very low dose of EGCG compared to most anticancer studies. The colonies formed by the breast cancer cells decreased in size and number. Interestingly, EGCG administered singly increased colony formation. The combination of SAHA and EGCG also reactivated estrogen receptor alpha (ERα), and decreased the expression of miR-221/222, which are microRNAs involved in migration and invasion. The scratch tests supported these findings, with the breast cancer cells exhibiting a decreased ability to migrate. These findings demonstrate the abilities of combined SAHA and EGCG to decrease metastatic potential through epigenetic mechanisms in TNBC. Citation Format: Kayla Ashlyn Lewis, Trygve O. Tollefsbol. The effects of SAHA and EGCG on metastatic potential in triple-negative breast cancer [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Tenth AACR Conference on the Science of Cancer Health Disparities in Racial/Ethnic Minorities and the Medically Underserved; 2017 Sep 25-28; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2018;27(7 Suppl):Abstract nr A67.
Photogrammetric Modelling of a Stone Bridge for Structural Analysis

Structural analysis can be performed with assumed geometric shapes. However, using actual field shapes can improve results. A close-range photogrammetric method was used to obtain these shapes during the study of a stone bridge in the USA. In this presentation, the method is described, followed the use of the resulting data in a structural analysis.
A Case Series: Adjunctive Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder in the Geriatric Population with the Methylphenidate Patch

Major depressive disorder can affect anyone regardless of age. In geriatric populations depression is often overlooked and untreated, which subsequently may lead to serious consequences. Almost one third of elderly patients with depression fail to respond to initial treatment and require adjunctive treatment. Methylphenidate is one such option, which is seldom used in the geriatric population to treat depression despite reports of improvement in symptoms of mood within a brief period of time. Methylphenidate is also available in a patch formulation that can be used in patient's nonadherent to the medication, which is reported to be an issue in as many as 75% of the geriatric population. Here we present three geriatric patients who were diagnosed with recurrent severe major depressive disorder without psychotic features. The three patients responded well with methylphenidate as adjunctive treatment to conventional antidepressants.
Correction to: Pekel, K. “Moving Beyond Relationships Matter: An Overview of One Organization’s Work in Progress.” Journal of Youth Development, 14(4) 2019.

There were mistakes in two citations within the references. The original article can be found via the DOI: https://doi.org/10.5195/jyd.2019.909
A Generic Hybrid Modeling Approach for the Complete Response of Acoustic Resonator

The growing prevalence of RF acoustic filters has emphasized the need for a model for accurate resonator frequency response including spurious modes. Traditional modeling methods have their limitation and cannot fully accommodate the fast-paced design work. This paper proposes a generic hybrid modeling approach for complete response of acoustic resonators. A systematic technique is presented by splitting an acoustic resonator model into two parts: 1) the main mode is simulated by a one-dimensional non-linear circuit model and 2) spurious modes are simulated from a data-based s-parameter model. Moreover, resonator non-linearity caused by spurious modes is introduced by adding a non-linear voltage source. This hybrid model is able to predict both small signal and large signal behaviors of resonators. This modeling approach is consolidated at resonator level and is proved to be useful in the filter design.
Complications and Return to Activity After Arthroscopic Repair of Isolated Type II SLAP Lesions: A Systematic Review Comparing Knotted Versus Knotless Suture Anchors.

Background:Superior labral anterior to posterior (SLAP) tears are one of the most common injuries to the shoulder, with the type II variant representing the most frequently encountered subtype.Purp...
Exploration of Hamiltonian formulations of baroclinic hydrodynamics

A neutron star in a compact binary is expected to be well-approximated by a barotropic flow during the inspiral phase. During the merger phase, where tidal disruption and shock-heating occur, a baroclinic description is needed instead. In the barotropic case, a Hamiltonian formulation potentially offers unique benefits for numerical relativity simulations of the inspiral phase, including highly accurate conservation of circulation and superconvergence of the fluid variables, and is actively being explored. In this work, we investigate the viability of a Hamiltonian formulation in the baroclinic case. At odds with the barotropic case, this formulation is non-conservative, yet it can be treated well with approximate Riemann solver algorithms since the non-conservative terms vanish across genuinely nonlinear fields. Nonetheless, using numerical 1-dimensional shock tube tests we find that the weak solutions of the Hamiltonian system differ from the standard ones obtained by enforcing conservation of rest mass density, momentum density, and energy density across discontinuities. We also show that barotropic Hamiltonian formulations can admit shockwaves at fluid-vacuum interfaces, which may be related to the unstable behavior of stellar surfaces observed in past numerical tests. In light of the unphysical weak solutions, we expect that in future implementations of the Hamiltonian formulation of hydrodynamics in numerical relativity it will be necessary to use an explicitly barotropic formulation during the inspiral phase, and then switch to a robust baroclinic formulation prior to merger.
The Role of Social Support in Promoting Self-Development

People are inherently motivated to improve themselves over the course of their lives by developing competencies, pursuing and achieving personal goals, and continually becoming more efficacious. Working toward self-development can entail physical or psychological risk (i.e., injury, embarrassment), so individuals are most willing to accept growth opportunities and to actively pursue goals when they receive support for growth that mitigates potential risk. This chapter will describe theoretical perspectives on the importance of self-development over the lifespan and describe the ways that partners can facilitate self-growth by preparing individuals to embrace life opportunities and encouraging ongoing exploration. Additionally, we summarize recent empirical evidence that partner support for self-development (i.e., secure base support, relational catalyst support) facilitates individual growth and ultimately contributes to personal and relational well-being outcomes. As part of this review, we highlight the role of support visibility in this process, we describe individual attachment differences in the perception and provision of support for self-development, and we discuss the consequences of partner goal coordination and goal conflict. Finally, we close by offering suggestions for future research.
How much time do we have? Longitudinal perception of prognosis in newly-diagnosed high grade glioma patients and caregivers compared to clinicians

Discordant prognostic awareness (PA) can cause distress, impact goals of care and future planning, especially in patients with high grade glioma (pwHGG) who have limited survival. We aimed to evaluate the feasibility of assessing PA of pwHGG, caregivers and clinicians using a single question and to evaluate these responses for discord, alignment and fluctuation over time. This is a sub-study of an IRB-approved pilot study evaluating early palliative care and longitudinal symptom monitoring via a smart-device tool in 16 pwHGG and their caregivers receiving treatment at the Mayo Clinic Arizona (United States). Eligible patients were ≥ 18 years, English-speaking, newly-diagnosed, and had a willing caregiver. Participants answered a multiple-choice question asking for an estimate of their own or their loved one’s survival on a monthly basis. All except one patient/caregiver dyad answered the question each time it was asked. The question did not appear to cause discomfort or increase conversations with clinicians around prognosis. PA of patients and caregivers fluctuated monthly, ranging from dismal to overtly optimistic, with a discordance frequency of 68%. Patients tended to be more optimistic than caregivers, and a higher QOL correlated to a more optimistic response. Clinicians’ were more hopeful; their prediction tended to fluctuate less than those of patients and caregivers. PA may be assessed in pwHGG and caregivers with a single, frank question. There is clear discordance between PA of patients, their caregivers and clinicians. Understanding fluctuates longitudinally through disease and treatment course. Additional studies on timing and ways of discussing prognosis in this population are needed. NCT04630379.
Methylation of rRNA as a host defense against rampant group II intron retrotransposition

Group II introns are mobile retroelements, capable of invading new sites in DNA. They are self-splicing ribozymes that complex with an intron-encoded protein to form a ribonucleoprotein that targets DNA after splicing. These molecules can invade DNA site-specifically, through a process known as retrohoming, or can invade ectopic sites through retrotransposition. Retrotransposition, in particular, can be strongly influenced by both environmental and cellular factors. To investigate host factors that influence retrotransposition, we performed random insertional mutagenesis using the ISS1 transposon to generate a library of over 1000 mutants in Lactococcus lactis, the native host of the Ll.LtrB group II intron. By screening this library, we identified 92 mutants with increased retrotransposition frequencies (RTP-ups). We found that mutations in amino acid transport and metabolism tended to have increased retrotransposition frequencies. We further explored a subset of these RTP-up mutants, the most striking of which is a mutant in the ribosomal RNA methyltransferase rlmH, which exhibited a reproducible 20-fold increase in retrotransposition frequency. In vitro and in vivo experiments revealed that ribosomes in the rlmH mutant were defective in the m3Ψ modification and exhibited reduced binding to the intron RNA. Taken together, our results reinforce the importance of the native host organism in regulating group II intron retrotransposition. In particular, the evidence from the rlmH mutant suggests a role for ribosome modification in limiting rampant retrotransposition.
Exosomes as mediators of intercellular crosstalk in metabolism

Exosomes are nanoparticles secreted by all cell types and are a large component of the broader class of nanoparticles termed extracellular vesicles (EVs). Once secreted, exosomes gain access to the interstitial space and ultimately the circulation, where they exert local paracrine or distal systemic effects. Because of this, exosomes are important components of an intercellular and intraorgan communication system capable of carrying biologic signals from one cell type or tissue to another. The exosomal cargo consists of proteins, lipids, miRNAs, and other RNA species, and many of the biologic effects of exosomes have been attributed to miRNAs. Exosomal miRNAs have also been used as disease biomarkers. The field of exosome biology and metabolism is rapidly expanding, with new discoveries and reports appearing on a regular basis, and it is possible that potential therapeutic approaches for the use of exosomes or miRNAs in metabolic diseases will be initiated in the near future.
Research on Sulfur Hexafluoride Management and Control Based on Radio Frequency Identification Method

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas has been widely used in high and medium voltage electrical equipment due to its excellent insulation and arc extinguishing properties. SF6 gas is a strong greenhouse gas, and controlling the emission reduction of SF6 gas is an important way to deal with climate change and slow down global warming. However, at present, it is difficult to monitor accurate data on the consumption of SF6 gas, and realize intelligent decision-making and supervision based on the big data of the whole cycle of SF6 gas. Therefore, this paper proposes a design of a SF6 gas material management and control system based on radio frequency identification devices (RFID) tag. The system adopts blockchain technology to provide a full-length, chain-like path for RFID big data to realize data security management. The use of special labels for passive gas cylinders reduces production costs, prolongs use time of labels, and realizes full life cycle management of the equipment. The result shows that the equipment terminal receives and processes information from multiple tags at the same time. According to simulation, this electronic tag can be used for up to three years. The system can be widely used in the management of SF6 material management and control technology, which can effectively reduce the investment of manpower and material resources.
Marmoset induced pluripotent stem cells: Robust neural differentiation following pretreatment with dimethyl sulfoxide.

Abstract The marmoset is an important nonhuman primate model for regenerative medicine. For experimental autologous cell therapy based on induced pluripotent (iPS) cells in the marmoset, cells must be able to undergo robust and reliable directed differentiation that will not require customization for each specific iPS cell clone. When marmoset iPS cells were aggregated in a hanging drop format for 3 days, followed by exposure to dual SMAD inhibitors and retinoic acid in monolayer culture for 3 days, we found substantial variability in the response of different iPS cell clones. However, when clones were pretreated with 0.05–2% dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) for 24 hours, all clones showed a very similar maximal response to the directed differentiation scheme. Peak responses were observed at 0.5% DMSO in two clones and at 1% DMSO in a third clone. When patterns of gene expression were examined by microarray analysis, hierarchical clustering showed very similar responses in all 3 clones when they were pretreated with optimal DMSO concentrations. The change in phenotype following exposure to DMSO and the 6 day hanging drop/monolayer treatment was confirmed by immunocytochemistry. Analysis of DNA content in DMSO-exposed cells indicated that it is unlikely that DMSO acts by causing cells to exit from the cell cycle. This approach should be generally valuable in the directed neural differentiation of pluripotent cells for experimental cell therapy.
Rapid Neuronal and Glial Changes in the Phrenic Nucleus Following Spinal Cord Injury: A Possible Morphological Basis for the Unmasking of Functionally Ineffective Synapses

The present study describes specific morphological alterations of the normal ultrastructure of the rat phrenic nucleus which occur within four hours after an ipsilateral spinal cord hemisection. Qualitative and quantitative morphometric analyses demonstrated a rearrangement of the glial compartment and synaptic architecture in the phrenic neuropil. It is possible that the injury-induced neuronal and glial changes may be related to the unmasking of a latent motor pathway which restores function to muscle paralyzed by spinal cord injury.
A case of pernicious vomiting of pregnancy with low blood chlorides and marked response to sodium chloride therapy

Abstract A chemical study of a severe case of vomiting of pregnancy is reported. The blood showed an increase in nonprotein nitrogen, urea nitrogen, uric acid, and carbon dioxide combining power and a very low chloride content. The urine was high in nitrogen, low in chlorides, and contained albumin and casts. The subcutaneous administration of sodium chloride in large amounts was followed by an immediate cessation of toxic symptoms and a return of the blood and urine to normal. The findings suggest that some at least of the toxemias of pregnancy are similar to the toxemia of intestinal obstruction. In such cases sodium chloride acts in a specific neutralizing, antitoxic, or protective capacity.
Moderate food restriction abolishes the pregnancy-associated rise in serum growth hormone and decreases serum insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations without altering IGF-I mRNA expression in rats.

Pregnancy-associated growth of maternal and fetal tissues is likely mediated by insulin-like growth factors (IGF). To study the effect of food restriction during pregnancy on the IGF system, pregnant rats either had free access to food (control) or were fed 60% of control food intake. Serum and liver samples were obtained throughout gestation. Serum IGF-I and growth hormone (GH) concentrations were measured by RIA, and IGF binding proteins (IGFBP) were characterized by Western ligand blotting and gel filtration chromatography. Weight gain of control dams was nearly twice that of restricted dams. Litter size was not significantly different ; however, fetuses and placentas of restricted dams were 20% smaller than those of controls. Serum IGF-I concentrations on d 20 were 35 and 23% of d 5 concentrations in control and restricted pregnant rats, respectively. However, hepatic IGF-I mRNA did not differ between the treatment groups. A pregnancy-associated rise in serum GH was observed in control but not food-restricted dams. Insulin-like growth factor binding protein with apparent molecular retention of 38-42 kDa (IGFBP-3), 29-31 kDa and 24 kDa were apparent in serum of pregnant dams in early gestation ; however, IGFBP-3 was no longer detected by Western ligand blot by d 15 of gestation. The decline in IGFBP-3 was accompanied by an increase in IGFBP-1 and -2, particularly in the serum of food-restricted dams. These data suggest that in food-restricted pregnant rats, serum IGF-I and IGF-I mRNA are insensitive to serum GH concentrations and are not regulated at the level of transcription.
Wavelet shrinkage in tomography

We use wavelet shrinkage methods to reconstruct images from tomographic data. Within the framework of Donoho's wavelet-vaguelette decomposition, we create a multiresolution analogue of the traditional filtering of backprojected projections approach to compute the empirical wavelet coefficients in an efficient manner. Level-dependent thresholds are used in shrinking these coefficients to accommodate the ill-posedness of the problem. Inversion of the result yields a denoised reconstruction of the underlying image with respect to a 2D wavelet basis.
Shakespeare and Friendship: An Intersection of Interest

This essay examines the role of friendship in Shakespeare’s work. Friendship was a highly valued social relation in early modern England and constituted an important theme for humanist writers attempting to revive the virtues associated with classical antiquity. Recent scholarship has demonstrated how the terms of friendship helped legitimate and define social ties ranging from those between literary collaborators to those between political allies. Shakespeare’s work frequently depicts friendship’s complex relationship to rivalry and to marriage, as well as how same-sex relations offered a means to navigate group environs including the martial encampment, the marketplace, and the court. These depictions at times come into conflict with a major Renaissance humanist concept of friendship as a relationship characterized by parity and lack of self-interest. This essay focuses on recent critical approaches that have opened new lines of inquiry into the role of friendship in Shakespeare’s plays and poetry, especially with regards to how his work may attempt to reconcile friendship ideals with the increasing opportunities for advancement in England’s expanding economy and increasingly diverse social sphere.
Abstract 92: Generating new syngeneic models for oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis study

Cancer metastasis is a complex problem that presents clinical challenges and is the cause of most cancer-related deaths. Mechanistic studies on metastasis hold promise for finding better approaches to control cancer mortality. Oral cavity cancer brings over 200,000 deaths annually and is one of the top eight most frequently diagnosed cancers worldwide. However there is a lack of appropriate experimental models to address oral cancer metastasis. An ideal experimental system should recapitulate the complete process of cancer metastasis in vivo while maintaining molecular-level manipulability. Our current efforts are directed at development of a series of murine oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) cell lines that will be amenable for syngeneic transplantation studies in immuno-competent mice. The cell lines were created from C57BL/6J mice, a strain frequently used in targeted gene manipulation. This strategy ensures that the cells also have utility in orthotopic xenograft cancer models using currently available knockout mice made with a syngeneic background. As abundant knockout mice are available on the C57BL/6J background, our new syngeneic cancer cell lines will greatly facilitate studies on the interrelationship between host and tumor during the process of metastasis. Cell lines were generated from primary murine tongue epithelial cells by hTERT induced immortalization and oncogene induced transformation. They were screened for tumorigenicity and metastasis in both immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice. Properties of in vitro and vivo growth, morphology and cytogenetics were characterized. As proof of concept, one type of gene knockout mouse was used to test transplantation of such new cellular models in vivo to observe the impact of gene loss in the host on the growth and metastasis of tumors. The completion of this project will establish solid and currently unavailable tools for the oral cancer metastasis research community. Citation Format: Zonggao Shi, Jeff Johnson, Yueying Liu, Sharon Stack. Generating new syngeneic models for oral squamous cell carcinoma metastasis study. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 105th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2014 Apr 5-9; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2014;74(19 Suppl):Abstract nr 92. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2014-92
Unsupervised Feature Learning for RGB-D Based Object Recognition

Recently introduced RGB-D cameras are capable of providing high quality synchronized videos of both color and depth. With its advanced sensing capabilities, this technology represents an opportunity to dramatically increase the capabilities of object recognition. It also raises the problem of developing expressive features for the color and depth channels of these sensors. In this paper we introduce hierarchical matching pursuit (HMP) for RGB-D data. HMP uses sparse coding to learn hierarchical feature representations from raw RGB-D data in an unsupervised way. Extensive experiments on various datasets indicate that the features learned with our approach enable superior object recognition results using linear support vector machines.
Temporal preference optimization as weighted constraint satisfaction

We present a new efficient algorithm for obtaining utilitarian optimal solutions to Disjunctive Temporal Problems with Preferences (DTPPs). The previous state-of-the-art system achieves temporal preference optimization using a SAT formulation, with its creators attributing its performance to advances in SAT solving techniques. We depart from the SAT encoding and instead introduce the Valued DTP (VDTP). In contrast to the traditional semiring-based formalism that annotates legal tuples of a constraint with preferences, our framework instead assigns elementary costs to the constraints themselves. After proving that the VDTP can express the same set of utilitarian optimal solutions as the DTPP with piecewise-constant preference functions, we develop a method for achieving weighted constraint satisfaction within a meta-CSP search space that has traditionally been used to solve DTPs without preferences. This allows us to directly incorporate several powerful techniques developed in previous decision-based DTP literature. Finally, we present empirical results demonstrating that an implementation of our approach consistently outperforms the SAT-based solver by orders of magnitude.
Material properties and device evaluations of ECR-deposited a-Si:H and a-SiC:H films

Device-quality a-Si:H and a-SiC:H films have been deposited using electron cyclotron resonance (ECR) microwave plasmas of SiH/sub 4/, CH/sub 4/, and H/sub 2/ mixtures. Typical material properties of ECR-deposited, photosensitive a-Si:H films are: (1) high photosensitivity up to 2*10/sup 6/ with a photoconductivity of 10/sup -5/ to 10/sup -4/ ( Omega -cm)/sup -1/, (2) a Tauc gap of 1.75 to 1.85 eV, (3) an Urbach slope of 50-60 meV determined by the constant photocurrent method, and (4) an integrated defect density of 1-2*10/sup 16/ (cm)/sup -3/ determined by junction capacitance measurements. Highly conductive, p-type a-SiC:H films have been produced by ECR plasmas with a conductivity of 0.2 ( Omega -cm)/sup -1/. >
Collapsed indecomposable continua in area preserving two-dimensional dynamical systems

While invariant indecomposable continua can occur in two dimensional area preserving dynamical systems, it is often the case that processes that would normally produce these continua instead produce a collapsed version of the continua because of the area preserving constraints. The collapsed continuum and the dynamics on it have a strong relationship to an indecomposable continuum in a related dynamical system. We also prove that the presence of a homoclinic point of a saddle point p in such a system has a branch W u+ (p) of its unstable manifold that is inaccessible from the complement of the closure of W u+ (p).
Peek-A-Boo: the design of a mobile family media space

Family members often want to share experiences and events in their lives even when they cannot be in the same location at the same time. In many cases, at least one family member is mobile. Video conferencing systems permit sharing experiences and everyday events; however, it is often not possible to use them while mobile. To explore this design space, we prototyped a mobile media space called Peek-A-Boo that provides two-way live video sharing between a mobile phone and a digital frame in the home. Family members can use the media space to gather availability awareness and also share episodes of everyday life by augmenting voice calls with shared video. These features can help family members feel more connected when separated by distance through sharing experiences in the moment.
Sparse matrix vector multiplication techniques on the IBM 3090 VF

This article demonstrates the benefits of applying Fortran programming techniques based on outer loop vectorization and the multiply-and-add compound instruction to the implementation of several sparse matrix vector multiplication algorithms on the IBM 3090 VF. The discussed algorithms use the scalar and vector ITPACK storage schemes and some variants of them. Their performance is analysed by comparing the execution rates and the storage requirements for several test matrices from the Harwell-Boeing collection.
Testing, Implementation, and Evolution of Seeding Concepts—A Review

In this paper, testing, implementation, and evolution of both static and dynamic seeding concepts are reviewed. A brief review of both waterspray and hygroscopic seeding is first presented. This is followed by reviews of static seeding of stable orographic clouds and supercooled cumuli. We conclude with a review of dynamic seeding concepts with particular focus on the Florida studies.
Thermodilution cardiac output measurement during simultaneous volume infusion through the venous infusion port of the pulmonary artery catheter

Abstract Objective: To determine the effect on thermodilution cardiac output (TDCO) measurements of continuous volume infusion through the right atrial venous infusion port of the pulmonary artery catheter. Design: Prospective, blinded, randomly allocated crossover. Setting: Surgical intensive care unit in a university hospital. Participants: Forty-nine hemodynamically stable patients between the ages of 43 and 84 in the intensive care unit and with a pulmonary artery catheter in place. Interventions: Each patient received two room-temperature infusions (250 or 500 mL/hr) of 5% dextrose. Consecutive TDCO measurements were taken during each infusion and during a control period (no infusion). The sequence of infusion rates and control period was randomly determined. At both infusion rates, most patients exhibited a decrease in TDCO measurement of between 0.1 and 3.0 L/min. Although some patients exhibited an increase in measured TDCO, this increase was primarily between 0.1 and 0.5 L/min. Measurements and Main Results: The mean TDCO measurements at infusion rates of 0, 250, and 500 mL/hr were 6.77, 6.49, and 6.47 L/min, respectively. Measured TDCO decreased on volume infusion by 0.3 ± 0.13 L/min (mean ± SD, p Conclusion: Rapid continuous infusion of fluid through the venous infusion port of the pulmonary artery catheter significantly limits the accuracy of simultaneous TDCO measurements. Optimally, TDCO measurements should be avoided during rapid volume infusion.
Introduction of resonant states and enhancement of thermoelectric properties in half-Heusler alloys

The inclusion of small concentrations of vanadium (less than 1%) was found to produce a substantial increase in the Seebeck coefficient of polycrystalline $n$-type half-Heusler alloys based on Hf${}_{0.75}$Zr${}_{0.25}$NiSn. Some degree of vanadium-induced thermopower enhancement was found to be present even at temperatures as high as 800 K. Electrical resistivity values of the vanadium-doped samples, on the other hand, exhibited only modest increases, thereby resulting in a 120% increase in the thermoelectric power factor of Hf${}_{0.75}$Zr${}_{0.25}$NiSn above room temperature. Such augmentation of the Seebeck coefficient, however, was diminished at all measured temperatures with the addition of a sufficient quantity of antimony to dope this class of compounds optimally. These observations are discussed in terms of carrier concentration, mobility, effective mass, and calculations of the effective gap size. When taken in conjunction with low temperature heat capacity measurements, these results indicate an increase in the density of states at the Fermi level that is consistent with the resonant state phenomena investigated earlier by theoretical work on semiconductors.
Tetralogy of Fallot [S,D,I]: successful repair without a conduit

Tetralogy of Fallot S,D,I is a recently discovered form of tetralogy with solitus atria (S) and d-loop ventricles (D), but with inverted normally related great arteries (I). Because of infundibuloarterial inversion, the right coronary artery must traverse the stenotic pulmonary outflow tract, increasing the risk of surgical trauma to the right coronary artery. Here we report a case of successful surgical repair of tetralogy of Fallot S,D,I without the use of an extracardiac conduit.
Challenges Associated with Web-Based Strategies: Implications for Electronic Advertising

ABSTRACT As the Internet diffuses into the economy and firms adopt web advertising, firms have a need to understand current customer trends towards technology. Web advertising, only six to eight years old, is in its infancy and may not be fully understood by many advertisers. This paper suggests a deconstruction of web advertising's value chain that may lead to answers for advertiser–which may lead into question several standard methods of evaluating Web advertising, such as banner ads and intrusive pop-ups. The current challenges faced by the industry will cause Web-based advertising agencies to improve the ads they develop, and Web-based ads in the future promise to become more dynamic, interactive, and targeted. Major obstacles to overcome in the world of Web advertising include methods of measuring ad performance and the ethical issues associated with the gathering of customer information on the Web. Once these obstacles are addressed and ad technologies currently in development become more widespread...
Expenditure taxes, income taxes, and time-inconsistency

Abstract Traditional welfare-based comparisons of different tax structures implicitly assume that the government can precommit to its future optimal policy. When optimal tax rates are time- inconsistent, however, such comparisons may be misleading. This paper uses a two-period representative-consumer optimal taxation model to study the implications of time-consistency for the welfare rankings of expenditure and income taxation. I show that the welfare rankings of optimal policies may not be preserved by time-consistent ones.
Electric dipole intensity parameters for the samarium 4f → 4f transitions in Na3[Sm(oxydiacetate)3] · 2NaClO4 · 6H2O

Optical intensity data available from axial and polarized orthoaxial absorption measurements on single crystals of Na3[Sm(oxydiacetate)3] · 2NaClO4 · 6H2O are analysed in terms of a 13-parameter expression for 4f → 4f transition dipole strengths. Twelve of the parameters in this expression are related to one-electron/one-photon electric-dipole transition processes occurring within the 4f 5 electronic configuration of Sm3+ (in a crystal field of D 3 symmetry), and one parameter reflects bulk sample refractivity effects on the magnetic-dipole contributions to observed line strengths. Both the electric-dipole and magnetic-dipole terms in the dipole strength expression contain matrix elements that require, for evaluation, eigenvectors of the crystal-field states involved in any given transition. These eigenvectors, expressed in a |(4f 5)SLJMJ > basis, are obtained from energy level calculations parametrized to yield optimal fits between calculated and observed crystal-field levels. The empirical intensity dat...
Desorption–ionization mass spectrometry on porous silicon

Desorption mass spectrometry has undergone significant improvements since the original experiments were performed more than 90 years ago1. The most dramatic change occurred in the early1980s with the introduction of an organic matrix2,3,4 to transfer energy to the analyte. This reduces ion fragmentation but also introduces background ions from the matrix. Here we describe a matrix-free strategy forbiomolecular mass spectrometry based on pulsed-laser desorption–ionization from a porous silicon5 surface. Our method uses porous silicon to trap analytes deposited on the surface, and laser irradiation to vaporize and ionize them. We show that the method works at femtomole and attomole levels of analyte, and induces little or no fragmentation, in contrast to what is typically observed with other such approaches6,7,8,9,10,11. The ability to perform these measurements without a matrix3,4,12,13 also makes itmore amenable to small-molecule analysis. Chemical14 and structural15 modification of the porous silicon has enabled optimization of the ionization characteristics of the surface. Our technique offers good sensitivity as well as compatibility with silicon-based microfluidics and microchip technologies.
Functional reconstitution of a membrane protein in a diacetylenic polymerizable lecithin

Abstract It is shown that polymerized diacetylenic lecithins may be used for the functional reconstitution of a membrane protein. Purple membrane patches isolated from Halobacterium halobium and liposomes of the polymerizable diacetylenic lecithin 1,2-bis(10,12 tricosadiynoyl)- sn -glycero-3-phosphocholine were sonicated together to form mixed vesicles highly enriched in the polymerizable lipid. A net inward proton flow on illumination as determined by the change of pH of the external medium demonstrated the stability of the vesicular form in this mixed lipid system as well as vectorial orientation of the bacteriorhodopsin in the bilayer. When bacteriorhodopsin was incorporated in non-polymerizable lipids, irradiation with ultraviolet light resulted in complete loss of function. In the diacetylenic lipids, the loss of function was slower than the increase in polymer concentration. This demonstrates the utility of the diacetylenic lecithin system for study of interactions between membrane proteins and polymerizable lipids, as well as its potential in the development of biosensors based on membrane proteins.
Stress and Allergic Diseases

Allergy describes a constellation of clinical diseases that affect up to 30% of the world’s population. It is characterized by production of allergen specific IgE which bind to mast cells and initiate a cascade of molecular and cellular events that affect the respiratory tract (rhinitis and asthma) skin (dermatitis, urticaria) and multi systems (anaphylaxis) to a variety of allergens including pollens, mold spores, animal danders, insect stings, foods and drugs. The underlying pathophysiology involves immunoregulatory dysfunctions similar to those noted in highly stressed populations. The relationships in terms of potentials for intervention are discussed.
Studies of functional connectivity in the developing and mature visual cortex

Abstract We have investigated several aspects of cortical organization in adult cats and in young kittens. First, we determined receptive field (RF) maps of correlated discharge between pairs of cortical cells. Unique bicellular RFs appear to convey high resolution information. Second, we studied the dynamics of neural interaction between pairs of cells. Using cross-correlation analysis, we studied monosynaptic and polysynaptic interactions in both kittens and cats. A somewhat surprising finding is that there were no cases of monosynaptic excitation from simple to complex cells as would be predicted by a simple hierarchical processing theory. Third, we studied length and side tuning characteristics of cortical cells and worked out the relationships between them. Fourth, we carried out an investigation of binocular processing in which we compared monocular and binocular sensitivity of cortical cells with respect to contrast. Our results are comparable to those found in psychophysical work. Fifth, we examined how stereoscopic depth information is encoded by simple cells in the visual cortex. We show that structural differences in RFs of left and right eyes may be expressed in terms of phase. Phase-based encoding appears to be a very plausible alternative to the standard position-based notion. Sixth, we attempted to induce plastic changes in connections between cell pairs by long-term activation (up to 2 h) in kittens and cats. Although connection strength between some cell pairs was increased during long-term activation, there was no consistent pattern of this effect. Seventh, we attempted to study the functional basis of reported claims of RF expansion following use of an artificial scotoma. However, we found no receptive field size change from this procedure. For some cells, there is an apparent change of gain in the form of base (spontaneous) rates and absolute response levels. Finally, we have examined RF dynamics in the central visual pathways. The standard treatment of RFs is to consider only spatial aspects. But the RF is inherently both temporal and spatial in nature and we have examined the dynamics of spatiotemporal organization of RFs in central visual pathways.
Retinopathy of prematurity in an infant with Aicardi's syndrome

Sir, Here, we present the first case of an infant with Aicardi's syndrome (OMIM 304050), morning-glory disc abnormality, and stage III retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).
Strong-Coupling Hubbard Chain

An exact expression is obtained for the partition function of the arbitrary-electron-density Hubbard chain in the infinite-coupling ($U\ensuremath{\rightarrow}\ensuremath{\infty}$) limit. It is shown that the magnetic susceptibility obeys a Curie law, while the orbital contribution to the specific heat corresponds to that of a noninteracting band of spinless fermions. The electronic mobilities in this limit are shown to be infinite.
Probation and Diversion: Is There a Place at the Table and What Should We Serve?

Abstract Three times as many offenders participate in probation and/or diversion programs than incarcerated. Probation and diversion programs are considered “alternative” punishments, and public policy has not focused on how to strengthen community corrections. New developments on targeting specific behaviors through the use of theoretical models of supervision can improve outcomes, or at least delay further offending. These models are important since they help provide a meaning to the core practice of diversion/supervision programs—face-to-face contacts. Moving away from generic contacts to ones that are focused on specific behavior holds promise in elevating the value and importance of probation and diversion programs in correctional policy and practice.
TRPC channels, an overarching Ca2+ paradigm in the developing heart

This editorial refers to ‘A key role of TRPC channels in the regulation of electromechanical activity of the developing heart’ by J. Sabourin et al. , pp. 226–236, this issue . It is well established that in the adult mammalian heart, small amounts of Ca2+ entry via voltage-dependent sarcolemmal Cav1.2 L-type Ca2+ channels can trigger the release of a significant amount of Ca2+ from the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) that is followed by muscle contraction, a process known as excitation–contraction (EC) coupling.1 However, for the developing mammalian and avian hearts, earlier studies proposed that EC coupling relies essentially on transsarcolemmal influx of Ca2+ through L-type Ca2+ channels, mainly Cav1.2, and that the contribution of the SR is minimal.2 In the embryonic chick heart, Ca2+ channel density is maximal at 3 days and decreases at 17 days,3 whereas Ca2+ channel density is low in the foetal heart and increases with development in guinea-pig,4 rabbit,5 and human,6 consistent with the need for additional Ca2+ entry through other sarcolemmal voltage-dependent proteins such as the T-type Ca2+ channel, the Cav1.3 L-type Ca2+ channel, and the Na/Ca2+ exchanger (NCX).2,6–8 Other candidate channels …
Genetic variation in Arizona Mexican Americans: Estimation and interpretation of admixture proportions

Mexican Americans are a numerous and fast growing ethnic population in the United States. Yet little is known about their genetic structure. Since they are a hybrid, it is of interest to identify their parental populations and to estimate the relative contributions of these groups. This information is relevant to historical, biomedical, and evolutionary concerns. New genetic typings on 730 Arizona Mexican Americans for the HLA-A, HLA-B, AJ30, Rh, MNSs, Duffy, Kidd, and Kell loci are presented here and they are used to estimate ancestral contributions. We considered both a dihybrid model with Amerindians and Spaniards as proposed ancestors, and a trihybrid model with Amerindians, Spaniards, and Africans as proposed ancestors. A modified weighted least squares method that allows for linkage disequilibrium was used to estimate ancestral contributions for each model. The following admixture estimates were obtained: Amerindian, 0.29 5 0.04; Spaniard, 0.68 2 0.05; and African, 0.03 5 0.02. The interpretation of these results with respect to Amerindian and Spanish ancestry is straightforward. African ancestry is strongly supported by the presence of a marker of African descent, Fy, despite the fact that the standard error of the estimate is as large as the estimated admixture proportion. An evaluation of the sensitivity of these results to a number of variables is presented: 1) our choices of ancestral allele frequencies, 2) the possibility of selection at HLA and thc blood groups, and 3) genetic drift in Mexican Americans.
Reconciling main belt asteroid spectral flux density measurements with a self-consistent thermophysical model

Abstract Thermophysical models consistent with Earth’s Moon and infrared and submillimeter measurements obtained during the Rosetta fly-by of Asteroid (21) Lutetia have been applied to computations of thermal fluxes from Asteroids (4) Vesta, (1) Ceres, (2) Pallas, and (10) Hygiea. Comparisons are made with Earth- and space-based flux measurements that cover the infrared-to-centimeter wavelength spectrum. The models account for diurnal and seasonal effects as well as viewing geometry at the epochs of the observational data. Model fluxes at submillimeter and longer wavelengths are computed from a radiative transfer integral that takes into account temperature gradients in the subsurface and a plausible range of lunar-like electrical properties. A surface roughness model in the form of hemispherical mini-craters is included in the evaluation of the infrared flux comparisons. Results of the infrared-to-centimeter comparisons confirm that low thermal inertia ( I ∼ 5–80 J/(K m 2 s 0.5 )) material constitutes the upper ∼1 cm of the four large asteroids studied. For the non-isothermal models considered, spectral emissivities near 1.0 fit the data of all four asteroids with no significant variations indicated throughout the infrared to microwave spectrum. Enhanced measured infrared flux levels (relative to a smooth surface model) of the four asteroids are constrained by a surface model with up to 50% fractional coverage of hemispherical craters, consistent with both the recent Lutetia result and historical measurements of the Moon’s thermal flux characteristics.
A histochemical study of oral lichen planus

Abstract The fundamental pathologic change in lichen planus appears to be a degenerative alteration in the epithelium, particularly in the stratum basalis, as demonstrated by the reaction for DNA. A dense inflammatory infiltration is an additional feature in most cases and appears to be related to the degree of epithelial degeneration.
Framing Effects on Personal Opinion and Perception of Public Opinion: The Cases of Physician–Assisted Suicide and Social Security

Objective. A growing body of literature on issue framing has demonstrated the conditional influence of issue frames on self-reported opinion. The effects of frames are conditioned by message content, the medium of communication, and the predispositions of respondents. However, the literature has yet to explore the influence of issue frames on respondents' perceptions of public opinion. We draw from the psychological literatures on cognitive accessibility biases and impersonal impact and construct competing hypotheses concerning the likelihood of issue frames affecting perceptions of opinion. Methods. We test hypotheses using data from an experimental field study that exposed respondents to opposing issue frames on two important issues-reforming Social Security and physician-assisted suicide. Results. Our results largely support the impersonal impact hypothesis. Conclusions. We find that available information from issue frames influences personal-level opinion but in general does not affect perceptions of public opinion. We discuss the implications of these findings and suggest avenues for future research.