cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Desire and Design: Technological Display in the Vietnamese American Café and Karaoke Bar

For Vietnamese Americans the karaoke bar/cafe is a site and cultural practice that powerfully articulates ethnic identity, gender, class and (hetero)sexuality. My essay is an ethnography of such sites located in San Jose, California. The setting of San Jose as the "power center of Vietnamese communities in the U.S." is key because of the relationship of labor that Vietnamese Americans have with the microchip industry. As one newspaper article put it, "the growth of the Vietnamese American community in San Jose parallels the growth of Silicon Valley's high technology industry." The historic parallel between the growth of the Vietnamese American community and expansion of the high tech industry in San Jose provides the context for the different uses of technology that take place in the karaoke bar/cafe. In this space there is a critical re-use of technology—in respect to the karaoke machine, karaoke videos, video games, and televisions— which serves to recreate a sense of home and community amongst men. Cen...
Foraging preference of red imported fire ants (Hymenoptera : Formicidae) among three species of summer cover crops and their extracts

Foraging preference of red imported fire ant, Solenopsis invicta Buren, among three species of summer cover crops, sesbania, Sesbania exaltata (Rafinesque-Schmaltz) Cory; hairy indigo, Indigofera hirsuta L.; and cowpea, Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walpers, was evaluated in the greenhouse using choice and no-choice tests. Ants derived a large part of their nutrients from aphid honeydew, and ant workers differed in their response to plant species in the presence or absence of cowpea aphid. Ants preferred cowpea > indigo > sesbania when these plants were infested with cowpea aphids, whereas ants showed no preference between cowpea and indigo when plants were kept free of cowpea aphids. Sesbania showed almost 100% repellency to ants for 8 d, whether these plants were infested or kept free of aphids. In a pickup bioassay for detecting any discrimination among plants by ants, leaf disks from noninfested leaves of cowpea and hairy indigo were picked up more readily than those from sesbania. Response of ants to extracts differed significantly among plants. Sesbania extract repelled and caused mortality in the red imported fire ant. Ethanol extract of sesbania caused higher ant mortality than the water extract.
Trajectory Tracking for High Aspect-Ratio Flying Wings

High aspect-ratio, flying wing configurations have been designed for high altitude, long endurance missions. Due to the very high aspect-ratio of the design, these configurations exhibit unique flight dynamic and aeroelastic characteristics. Building on previous work on characterization of flight dynamics, this paper presents a control system design for trajectory tracking. The aeroelastic model of the flying wing uses Hodges’ geometrically exact, intrinsic beam formulation and Peters’ and Johnson’s two-dimensional unsteady aerodynamic model. Dynamic inversion is used to design a nonlinear controller for path following while maintaining a specified velocity and altitude. The path to be followed is defined in terms of the ground track expressed in an inertial frame. The deformation of the configuration when subject to trim loads is found to have a significant effect on flight dynamic characteristics. Thus, the controller is designed on a nonlinear rigid body model based on the deformed shape of the airplane. A low-pass filter is introduced in the loop to prevent excitation of high frequency structural dynamic modes when the controller is implemented on the full nonlinear flexible model.
Inductive Reasoning's Role in New Media

Volume 2 • Issue 10 • 1000e129 J Mass Commun Journalism ISSN: 2165-7912 JMCJ, an open access journal Induction is a reasoning process in which a conclusion is drawn from particular cases. This philosophy has undergone scrutiny in recent years, since application of theory is often not a main concern of Induction, thus possibly limiting its scope of true native understanding. “What you see is what you get” is a sometimes criticism of Induction– and none of us can be sure that what we see is what we get. There may be intervening variables and perhaps other obfuscations in the Inductive empiricism process.
225 THE DEMOGRAPHICS ASSOCIATED WITH THE USE OF THE CARDIAC TROPONIN TEST IN A UNIVERSITY EMERGENCY DEPARTMENT.

Purpose To analyze the pattern of use of troponin testing in an ethnically diverse urban emergency department (ED) setting. Methods A database was constructed from clinical and demographic information along with cardiac troponin (cnT) results on 3,366 consecutive patients presenting to the University of New Mexico ED from January 2005 to November 2005 with a diversity of chief complaints. A clinically relevant “positive” is defined as > 0.1 ng/mL. Data are summarized as mean ± SD for continuous variables and counts or percentages for dichotomous variable. Sensitivity, specificity, and predictive values were computed using the discharge diagnosis (DRG) as a “gold standard.” Results There were 6,204 recorded cnT results for 3,366 patients, with 8% “positive” and 92% negative. Only 34% of patients had more than one cnT determination. Of the 3,366 patients, 1,741 (52%) were women and 1,625 (48%) were men. The distribution based on race was 41% Hispanic, 27% Caucasian, 23% other, 5% American Indian, 3% African American, and 1% Oriental. The age ranged from 8 to 104, with the average age for men being 51 (range 8-104) and the average age for woman being 56 (range 10-102). The overall rate of DRG for any type of acute myocardial infarction was 193 or 21%. Thus, the sensitivity is 61%, the specificity is 55%, the positive predictive value is 17%, and the negative predictive value is 90%. Conclusions (1) In the majority of patients only one cnT was obtained. (2) The sensitivity and specificity as well as the positive predictive value of a positive cnT in this setting were low, indicating a low pretest probability of disease in this ethnically and demographically diverse population. (3) These data suggest that cnT is a poor screening test for the detection of cardiac ischemic syndromes in similar populations.
Use of hemodynamics to differentiate pathophysiologic causes of cardiogenic shock.

Pulmonary artery wedge pressure is a recognized, beneficial index of left ventricular filling pressure and pulmonary vascular congestion. However, its interpretation is based on a series of essential assumptions, all of which must be true. Several technical and physiologic factors can threaten the validity of these assumptions and promote erroneous data. The critical care nurse who is familiar with these factors will best be able to accurately interpret the data provided by the wedge pressure parameter in the clinical setting with consideration to altered cardiopulmonary mechanics as well as to the objectives of therapy.
Inbreeding depression in monarch butterflies

Monarch butterflies and their unique system of multigenerational migration have long fascinated the public, and concerns for the fate of this charismatic insect have grown due to the consistent declines in overwintering colony size over the last 20 years. Risks to this migratory insect have been considered in terms of climate change, habitat and thus population fragmentation, and decreased host plant availability. However, another obvious danger, that of decreased heterozygosity resulting from decreasing population size, has yet to be explored. Here we report experimental evidence for immediate inbreeding depression in individuals from the migratory population. Inbred matings produced less viable eggs and inbred offspring had higher developmental mortality and shorter lifespans. We discuss these results in the context of monarch migration extinction risk and suggest that additional genetic monitoring should be undertaken to protect this iconic animal.
B Cells at the Interface of Innate and Adoptive Immunity: Identification of IRF8 Target Genes in Germinal Center B Cells

IRF8 is a transcription factor widely expressed in hematopoietic cells and best known for its effects on myeloid and dendritic cell (DC) differentiation and function. Recent studies showed that IRF8 is expressed at low levels in naive B cells, at significantly increased levels in germinal center (GC) B cells but little if at all in plasma cells. In GC, IRF8 was shown to contribute to the regulation of AID and BCL6. To better understand IRF8 contributions to the biology of mature B cells and possibly to transformation, we studied three mouse and three human lymphoma cell lines of GC origin by ChIP-Chip (C-C) analyses for IRF8 and POLII targets. We identified 87 IRF8 targets that were common to mouse and human B cells and were also positive for POLII. 17/18 of these putative IRF8 targets tested by PCR ChIP analyses were validated. IRF8 is transcriptionally activated by IFNg, and many of the newly identified targets were previously known to be IFN-responsive. Analyses of the targets identified 14 that contribute to various aspects of innate immunity at the cell surface (CD37, HSP90B1, Ly86), via signal transduction (AZI2, NFKBIZ, STAT2, IRF9), or with direct anti-viral activity (ADAR, PML, S100, ZC3HAV1 and others). Another 19 are active contributors to acquired immune functions of B cells with many involved in peptide processing and antigen presentation by both MHC class I and class II molecules (B2M, CD74, TAP1, TAP2, CTSS and 20S proteosomal components) and some in signal transduction (BLK, BLNK). Still others are active in B cell differentiation and function (MS4A1 [CD20], ELF1 and GNA13). CYLD plays in both arenas as a negative regulator of RIG-I-mediated antiviral responses and by regulating proper B cell activation after BCR ligation. The regulatory contributions of IRF8 to innate immunity in DC, macrophages, granulocytes and now B cells as well as elements of acquired immunity in B cells suggest that it contributes to an evolutionary bridge that positions a single cell type to integrate critical defense mechanisms from the innate and acquired immune repertoires.
Risk factors predictive for poor outcomes in patients with human papillomavirus (HPV)-initiated oropharyngeal cancer (OPC).

6039 Background: Studies have demonstrated better prognosis for patients (pts) with HPV-initiated OPC when compared to OPC caused by smoking. A small subset of pts however experience disease recurr...
Basal topographic controls on the stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet: lessons from Foundation Ice Stream

Using observations of basal topography, ice thickness and modern accumulation rates, we use theory and a dynamic flowline model to examine the sensitivity of Antarctica's Foundation Ice Stream to changes in sea level, accumulation and buttressing at the grounding line. Our sensitivity studies demonstrate that the steep, upward-sloping basal topography inland from the grounding line serves to stabilize retreat of the ice stream, while the upward-sloping submarine topography downstream from the grounding line creates the potential for significant advance under conditions of modest sea-level lowering and/or increased accumulation rate. Extrapolating from Foundation Ice Stream, many nearby Weddell Sea sector ice streams are in a similar configuration, suggesting that the historical and projected responses of this sector's ice streams may contrast with those in the Amundsen or Ross Sea sectors. This work reaffirms that the greatest concerns for rapid West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) retreat are locations of reverse slopes, muted basal topography and limited lateral support.
Nondestructive tissue analysis for ex vivo and in vivo cancer diagnosis using a handheld mass spectrometry system

Conventional methods for histopathologic tissue diagnosis are labor- and time-intensive and can delay decision-making during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. We report the development of an automated and biocompatible handheld mass spectrometry device for rapid and nondestructive diagnosis of human cancer tissues. The device, named MasSpec Pen, enables controlled and automated delivery of a discrete water droplet to a tissue surface for efficient extraction of biomolecules. We used the MasSpec Pen for ex vivo molecular analysis of 20 human cancer thin tissue sections and 253 human patient tissue samples including normal and cancerous tissues from breast, lung, thyroid, and ovary. The mass spectra obtained presented rich molecular profiles characterized by a variety of potential cancer biomarkers identified as metabolites, lipids, and proteins. Statistical classifiers built from the histologically validated molecular database allowed cancer prediction with high sensitivity (96.4%), specificity (96.2%), and overall accuracy (96.3%), as well as prediction of benign and malignant thyroid tumors and different histologic subtypes of lung cancer. Notably, our classifier allowed accurate diagnosis of cancer in marginal tumor regions presenting mixed histologic composition. Last, we demonstrate that the MasSpec Pen is suited for in vivo cancer diagnosis during surgery performed in tumor-bearing mouse models, without causing any observable tissue harm or stress to the animal. Our results provide evidence that the MasSpec Pen could potentially be used as a clinical and intraoperative technology for ex vivo and in vivo cancer diagnosis.
Collaboration with higher education institutions for successful firm innovation

Abstract Firms need to open up their boundaries to attain valuable knowledge from external partners because external partners can support their innovation activities by providing knowledge and resources. In this context, higher education institutions (HEIs) are an important source of innovation. Yet, despite the importance of universities, this topic has received scant academic attention. Thus, this research examines the effect of specific activities supported by universities on the innovation outcomes of firms. The study also investigates the moderating role of a firm's absorptive capacity in the relationship between universities' involvement and firm innovation outcomes. The findings show that specific types of HEI activities positively affect a firm's innovation performance, while absorptive capacity has differential effects on the relationships between HEI activities and firm innovation outcomes.
Grammar and Meaning

In this paper I shall sketch a novel conception of the syntax and semantics of natural languages. According to this view, the semantics of a natural language cannot be presented solely in terms of the technical notions of truth and satisfaction, and yet formalizations of certain parts of natural languages within that framework can lead to theoretical insights. Thus my view will not please either the relentless formalizer, nor the unregenerate philosopher of ordinary language. The view also upholds the pretheoretic and empirical significance of syntactic evidence and syntactic mode of argumentation. Finally, my construal of natural language as a biological phenomenon will lead to a defense of the partial independence of the grammars of natural languages from semantic considerations, and it will attribute to such grammars mental reality of a sort, under idealizations. This part of the view will please neither the practitioners of Montague-grammars, nor the most influential schools of thought concerning the issue of ‘psychological reality’ for rules of language; i.e., it will please neither those who regard such questions beneath their (mathematical) dignity, nor those who aim at a ‘real time process’ model of linguistic performance.
Preclinical Activities of Bortezomib in MM, the Bone Marrow Microenvironment and Pharmacogenomics

The intracellular protein degradation system is critical for many cellular processes, including cell cycle regulation. The proteasomes are intracellular protein complexes that degrade polyubiquitinated proteins. Bortezomib (Velcade®) is a boronic acid dipeptide that directly binds to enzymatic complex to block chimotrypsin-like activity of proteasome and is the first FDA-approved proteasome inhibitor for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment. Bortezomib blocks degradation of multi-proteins, including regulators of cell cycle, anti-apoptosis, and inflammation, as well as immune surveillance. In MM cells, bortezomib directly induces cell stress response followed by activation of c-Jun NH2 terminal kinase/stress- activated protein kinase and triggers cell cycle arrest, followed by caspase-dependent apoptosis. Bortezomib also modulates activities of non-MM cellular components, including stromal cells and osteoblasts in the bone marrow milieu. Importantly, combination treatment strategies, including histone deacetylase inhibitors, Akt inhibitor, lenalidomide, heat shock protein 90 inhibitors, and aurora kinase inhibitors demonstrate significant anti-MM activities both in preclinical and clinical studies.
Time Series: Understanding Changes Over Time

This chapter discusses basics of time series analysis. A time series is different from cross-sectional data because the ordering of the observations conveys important information. A time series is usually not a random sample from a population. The primary goal of time-series analysis is to create forecasts—that is, to predict the future. These are based on a model (also called a mathematical model or a process), which is a system of equations that can produce an assortment of different artificial time-series datasets. A forecast is the expected value of the future behavior of the estimated model. Like all estimates, forecasts are usually wrong. The forecast limits are the confidence limits for forecast (if the model can produce them); if the model is correct for data, then the future observation has a 95% probability—for example, of being within these limits. Trend-seasonal analysis is a direct, intuitive approach to estimate the four basic components of a monthly or quarterly time series: the long-term trend, the seasonal patterns, the cyclic variation, and the irregular component. Modeling cyclic behavior using box–Jenkins ARIMA processes along with the concepts of seasonal index, seasonal adjustment, and regression line forecast are explained with a focus on trend-seasonal analysis.
Lie Triple Derivations of the Lie Algebra of Dominant Block Upper Triangular Matrices

Let N be the Lie algebra of all n×n dominant block upper triangular matrices over a field &#x1d53d;. In this paper, we explicitly describe all Lie triple derivations of N when char(&#x1d53d;) ≠ 2. As an applicatio...
Veronika Irvine: The Art and Mathematics of Making Bobbin Lace

Veronika Irvine has a Master of Applied Mathematics from the University of Waterloo and a Ph.D in Computer Science from the University of Victoria, where she studied combinatorial objects. She is c...
Pelvic Organ Prolapse and Perineal Hernias

The pelvic floor represents a complex anatomic region, which is prone to laxity, herniation and prolapse. Often, treatment will require a multidisciplinary approach with input from colorectal surgeons, urogynecologists and urologists. A thorough understanding of the anatomic deficit combined with its functional significance is imperative when contemplating invasive interventions. Excellent functional results are incumbent on the surgeon correlating the patients’ symptoms with the anatomic findings. Numerous approaches are available to correct pelvic floor deficits and should be tailored to the individual patient taking into account the need for a team approach and also their comorbidities.
Medication Nonadherence in the Geriatric Psychiatric Population: Do Seniors Take Their Pills?

The nonadherence rate to psychiatric medications among the geriatric patient population is estimated to be similar to that in the younger adult population, around 50%. Contributing factors to psychotropic medication nonadherence include patient-specific risk factors (for example, illness beliefs and cognitive function), drug-specific factors (for example, adverse effects and cost), as well as social factors (e.g., family support). Randomized controlled trials on geriatric adherence to psychiatric medications are scarce. We propose strategies that are better adapted to the geriatric population to improve medication adherence.
Outcomes of disease-specific next-generation sequencing gene panel testing in adolescents and young adults with colorectal cancer.

Abstract Purpose Adolescents and young adults with colorectal cancer (CRC) have attracted recent attention, with a hereditary syndrome identified in one-third of patients diagnosed ≤ 35. We aimed to study this population to determine if a CRC-specific gene panel increased the yield of testing. Methods Patients with CRC ≤ 35 evaluated from 05/2014–11/2017 were identified from the genetic counseling database. Records were reviewed for personal/family history and genetic counseling outcomes. Results One hundred forty-three patients with CRC ≤ 35 were included. One hundred four (72.7%) underwent CRC panel testing. Thirty-nine (27.2%) had syndrome-directed testing, declined, or were lost to follow-up. Forty-two patients had a genetic syndrome (29.4%). Twenty-four of the 42 hereditary patients (57.1%) were identified via syndrome-directed testing. Mutations identified via panel testing were consistent with patient personal/family history. Thirty-three patients had at least one variant of uncertain significance. Conclusion Hereditary syndromes were identified in 29.4% of patients. Panel testing in patients without a phenotype did not increase diagnostic yield, but identified variants in one-third. Disease-specific panel testing is of low yield in young patients without a suggestive personal/family history. Testing broader panels may increase the yield of mutation pick-up in this population, although at the expense of identifying variants.
Gedankenexperiment for energy, and scale factor , based upon the assumption of Quintessence and idea of quantum bounce in order to isolate admissible Frequency for Gravitational waves in the beginning of cosmological evolution

We initially look at a non singular universe representation of time, and .of comparing a general formula of a cosmological Potential energy as given by Padmanbhan, with Weinberg’s Quintessence Potential energy . Isolating a given time component which may serve as an introduction, to a discussion which isolates a value of about 10^32 Hz for Pre Planckian value generated GW, which would drop about 22 orders of magnitude in the present era.
Precision Surgery for Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas.

Since Felix Frankel’s account of pheochromocytoma in 1886, great discoveries and vast advancements in the diagnosis, genetics, anatomical and functional imaging techniques, and surgical management of pheochromcytoma and paraganglioma (P-PGL) have been made. The improved insight in the pathophysiology of P-PGL and more accurate detection methods enable physicians to tailor the treatment plan to an individual based on the genetic profile and tumor behavior. This review will cover briefly the clinical features, diagnosis, genetic mutations, and imaging modalities that are used to guide current surgical management of these rare and interesting endocrinopathies.
Iohexol-Induced Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis (AGEP): Case Report

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a rare adverse drug reaction characterized by numerous non-follicular sterile pustules overlying edematous, erythematous plaques. The majority of AGEP cases are associated with antimicrobial medications, although other agents and etiologies have also been implicated. Here, we report a patient with recurrent angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma (AITL) who presented with a pruritic and widespread pustular eruption one week following computed tomography (CT) with iohexol contrast administration. Notably, she had a documented prior mild reaction to contrast medium and was appropriately pre-medicated with diphenhydramine and prednisone before imaging. Biopsy revealed intra-epidermal pustules, epidermal spongiosis, and dermal infiltrate of lymphocytes, neutrophils, and some eosinophils – histological findings consistent with AGEP. Systemic and topical corticosteroids plus topical mupirocin resulted in complete resolution of symptoms. While cutaneous reactions to iodinated contrast are common and often self-limited, severe manifestations such as AGEP must be considered particularly in patients with a history of prior contrast allergy.
Kummer sandwiches and Greene–Plesser construction

Abstract In the context of K3 mirror symmetry, the Greene–Plesser orbifolding method constructs a family of K3 surfaces, the mirror of quartic hypersurfaces in P 3 , starting from a special one-parameter family of K3 varieties known as the quartic Dwork pencil. We show that certain K3 double covers obtained from the three-parameter family of quartic Kummer surfaces associated with a principally polarized abelian surface generalize the relation of the Dwork pencil and the quartic mirror family. Moreover, for the three-parameter family we compute a formula for the rational point-count of its generic member and derive its transformation behavior with respect to ( 2 , 2 ) -isogenies of the underlying abelian surface.
The Relationship Among and Between Marital Satisfaction, Religious Faith, and Political Orientation:

This study examined the relationship between marital satisfaction, religious faith, and political orientation for 285 married Christian individuals. Participants completed a survey of three instrum...
Using GANs to Generate Random Surface Materials for High Fidelity Low Altitude Imaging Simulations

The various emerging technologies surrounding the use of generative machine learning allow for the automation of procedures which would normally take a large amount of human development time. This can be applied to the domain of simulations in low altitude flight imaging simulations. Low altitude imaging consists of images taken at an altitude of less than 500 feet above the surface in this context. Simulating the acquisition of such images using commercial game engines such as Unity or Unreal Engine 4 is possible. However one defect in the images thus taken is the repetition of material images on the terrain itself. This lowers the fidelity of the simulation since materials that represent certain characteristics of the ground are based on a single or small group of source images. In the past few years a set of generative neural network architectures known as generative adversarial networks (GANs) have seen much development. We propose a method using GANs in order to generate variations of similar terrain with a high degree of randomness in order to replace tiling caused by using similar images. We have been sucessful in developing textures for a variety of terrain types including sand and grass by utilizing the evaluation functions and blending algorithms we have constructed. Using these images as terrain textures will allow for a higher fidelity simulation and will provide a more accurate test bed for computer vision algorithms operating in the domain of low altitude flight.
The Acceptance of Racial Minorities in France: Individual versus Issue-Level Variation

This article examines the willingness of majority individuals in France to accept black minorities as part of their community. Much of existing literature focuses on individual-level explanations for majority attitudes towards minority groups. For example, education, exposure to minorities, and various personality and ideological dispositions may all influence whether or not majority individuals feel close to minorities. In this article, I do not challenge any of these relationships but instead propose an alternate way of conceptualizing the conditions under which members of the majority accept minorities as part of their community. I argue that majority attitudes towards minorities vary according to specific issues. Majority individuals may be willing to accept minorities as part of their community in politics but not in business, or vice versa. To account for which issues are more likely to generate positive or negative attitudes towards minorities I emphasize the extent to which individuals feel specific issues are important for the future of the nation. When issues are more important they should correspond to less acceptance of minorities and when issues are less important they should correspond to more acceptance. This framework opens several new avenues for research on racial attitudes.
High Return Performance of Calcium Phosphonate (Ca-DTPMP) Colloidal inhibitors for Squeeze Treatment in Shale Formations

The objective of this work was to develop nanomaterial inhibitor with long squeeze life for oil and gas production. Different surfactants, trisodium citrate (Na3Cit), cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTAB), benzethonium chloride (Hyamine), and bipyridinium dibromide (Gemini), were added to synthesize nanoparticle Ca-DTPMP inhibitor at pH 9.0. The inhibitors were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). All these surfactants significantly decreased the particle size, but Gemini was the most effective one to control the calcium phosphonate salt particle size to be about 500 nm. Long-term squeeze experiments (~ 3,000 PV) saturated with calcite at 70 oC and 75 psi back pressure through a glass column packed with Fayetteville shale rock show that the return DTPMP concentration was as high as 3 ppm for the Gemini-Ca-DTPMP colloidal inhibitor. This is an unprecedented improvement in comparison to the squeeze return of DTPMP only inhibitor where the inhibitor return concentration dropped to below 1 ppm within 400 pore volumes. The Ca-DTPMP speciation, potential field application, and the SqueezeSoftPitzer model prediction, are also discussed.
Vocational Services in Nida-Funded Drug Treatment Programs

In the past while most drug treatment programs have considered client employment to be an indicator of successful treatment, a review of previous studies indicates few have been able to provide the range of services needed to prepare ex-addicts for employment and to help them secure jobs. Goldenberg (1972) reported that although the drug program personnel, employers and treatment clients surveyed tended to feel that a job was important in rehabilitation, programs were not providing adequate services. Sells (1974) reported less than one of every 20 clients admitted to programs in the first two years of the Drug Abuse Reporting Program (DARP) participated in vocational training outside the programs. The System Sciences, Inc. (1973) evaluation of 24 therapeutic communities reported that only about 15 minutes a day were involved with vocational training and less than 20 minutes a day with jobs outside the program. Burt and Pines (1976) found that only 11 percent of clients in one Washington program participated in job training, referral, placement counseling, or vocational rehabilitation counseling. Less than one in 20 clients in a New York program found vocational rehabilitation or job counseling the most helpful activity (Burt and Glynn, 1976). Although both treatment program staff and clients in one major study (Mandell, Goldschmidt and Grover, 1973) agreed that jobs were important objectives of treatment, less than an hour a week was devoted to finding jobs for clients or preparing clients for employment. From these studies, it is clear that vocational and employment services were not a major element of most treatment programs in the early 1970s.
No widespread dust in the middle atmosphere of Mars from Mars Climate Sounder observations

Abstract It has been established that dust in the atmosphere of Mars is not distributed homogeneously in the vertical but exhibits layering in the lower atmosphere. Recently published results also suggest a dust maximum in the middle atmosphere that predominantly occurs at 50–60 km altitude on the daytime hemisphere. We use measurements from the Mars Climate Sounder to investigate the distribution of dust above ∼ 40 km altitude. Our results do not support the existence of widespread dust in the middle atmosphere of Mars inferred from earlier observations. The average dust extinction does not exceed 10 - 6 km−1 at 463 cm−1 above 50 km altitude in atmospheric conditions without large dust storms.
Fusarium Patch Disease on Winter Sports Turf in the UK

ABSTRACT Fusarium patch has been identified as the most economically important disease on winter sports turf in the UK. The disease causes a severe reduction in surface playing quality and general aesthetic appearance. A number of known microbial antagonists together with indigenous fungi and bacteria isolated from the phylloplane and rhizosphere of perennial rye grass, the major constituent of winter sports turf, were screened for activity against fusarium patch on turfgrass extract agar. The initial assay identified which isolates appeared to suppress pathogen growth in vitro. These potential antagonists were further tested to determine efficacy in vivo. Fungi from the genus Trichoderma and bacteria from the genera Bacillus and Pseudomonas were the most effective at reducing fusarium patch disease severity. All antagonists tested significantly reduced fusarium patch severity compared to an untreated control, e.g., the indigenous Bacillus species reduced disease severity on turf by 76.1%. These results s...
The Pros and Cons of Masked Priming

Masked priming paradigms offer the promise of tapping automatic, strategy-free lexical processing, as evidenced by the lack of expectancy disconfirmation effects, and proportionality effects in semantic priming experiments. But several recent findings suggest the effects may be prelexical. These findings concern nonword priming effects in lexical decision and naming, the effects of mixed-case presentation on nonword priming, and the dependence of priming on the nature of the distractors in lexical decision, suggesting possible strategy effects. The theory underlying each of these effects is discussed, and alternative explanations are developed that do not preclude a lexical basis for masked priming effects.
Environmental Liability and Privatization in Central and Eastern Europe: Toward an Optimal Policy

It has been estimated that the costs of remediating contaminated sites in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) will be very high. These contingent environmental liabilities have emerged precisely at the time CEE countries are attempting to privatize their capital stocks, creating major challenges for privatization agencies. It is also generally agreed that an inadequate handling of these liabilities in the past has reduced sales of state-owned enterprises in Central and Eastern Europe.This paper uses an analytical model to identify optimal policies for minimizing the damage to privatization processes from environmental liabilities. Policy simulations are conducted which evaluate the effects of the use of liability indemnifications and environmental audits on privatization sales, prices and government revenues net of environmental costs. The major finding of the paper is that goals to mitigate the effects of environmental liability on privatizations and maximize government net revenues from privatization sales require equivalent environmental liability policies. Both goals require optimal provision of information and indemnifications to investors, and moreover it is found that the two policies are complementary rather than substitutes.
The shape of the oceanic nitracline

Abstract. In most regions of the ocean, nitrate is depleted near the surface by phytoplankton consumption and increases with depth, exhibiting a strong vertical gradient in the pycnocline (here referred to as the nitracline). The vertical supply of nutrients to the surface euphotic zone is influenced by the vertical gradient (slope) of the nitracline and by the vertical separation (depth) of the nitracline from the sunlit surface layer. Hence it is important to understand the shape (slope and curvature) and depth of the oceanic nitracline. By using density coordinates to analyze nitrate profiles from autonomous Autonomous Profiling EXplorer floats with In-Situ Ultraviolet Spectrophotometers (APEX-ISUS) and ship-based platforms (World Ocean Atlas – WOA09; Hawaii Ocean Time-series – HOT; Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study – BATS; and California Cooperative Oceanic Fisheries Investigations – CalCOFI), we are able to eliminate much of the spatial and temporal variability in the profiles and derive robust relationships between nitrate and density. This allows us to characterize the depth, slope and curvature of the nitracline in different regions of the world's oceans. The analysis reveals distinguishing patterns in the nitracline between subtropical gyres, upwelling regions and subpolar gyres. We propose a one-dimensional, mechanistic model that relates the shape of the nitracline to the relative depths of the surface mixed layer and euphotic layer. Though heuristic, the model accounts for some of the seasonal patterns and regional differences in the nitrate–density relationships seen in the data.
Frameworks for Companies to Share Data With Researchers [Point of View]

Discusses the ramifications from a privacy and network security point of view given today's systems that offer access to huge amounts of data and database systems. These information and data sharing interactions capture varied aspects of our lives, such as our shopping behavior, our mental and physical health, our likes and dislikes, political and religious opinions, products we shop for, how we drive our cars, how much energy we use, and even more nebulous things such as our hopes and aspirations. Credit card companies record every purchase we make, with the time and place of purchase; companies like Amazon and Netflix not only record our purchases but also our interest in things we merely peruse on their websites. Loyalty cards and digital profiles of our purchases even in brick-and mortar stores such as Target and Walmart and our local supermarkets create a record of all our purchases, easily being able to infer our shopping patterns.
Chronic hypoxia promotes preferential loss of MLCK not associated with MLC in fetal lamb arteries (700.7)

As we have previously shown (PMID: 23325408), chronic hypoxia (CH) dramatically reduces MLCK abundance in fetal common carotid arteries without proportionate loss of contractility. The present study explores the hypothesis that CH preferentially decreases MLCK not associated with MLC and thereby preserves contractility. Common carotid arteries from term fetal sheep were mounted in a custom-made organ bath apparatus that enabled computer controlled freezing of artery samples in 200 msec increments (PMID: 18835918). Artery segments were frozen in methacarn fixative and analyzed for MLC, S19 pMLC and MLCK by Westerns and confocal microscopy. CH reduced MLCK abundance 24-fold, but did not significantly alter MLC abundance. Despite decreased MLCK abundance, rates of ser19 MLC phosphorylation after 1 sec electrical stimulation were unchanged in Calyculin A (10 nM) pre-treated arteries (27.6±0.8% N, 22.4±4.9% H). Confocal microscopy revealed that colocalization of MLC with MLCK was increased more than 3-fold in ...
Languages of Class in US Party Platforms, 1880–1936

This article will explore the shifting use of class language in party platforms during the Lochner era, a period of increased class polarization, social unrest, and laissez faire judicial philosophy. It explores the ways in which political parties responded to the growing inequality of wealth and the judicial distaste for “class legislation.” Using as a dataset all available party platforms of the presidential elections years during this period, I analyze the impact of class identity and class consciousness on politics and social movements during this time, finding that (1) class language increased during this period, with its sharpest images and depictions found in third party platforms; (2) the use of class language was directly connected to calls for an end to “government by injunction” and very specific proposals for workers; (3) the two major parties often took on some of these specific recommendations in the following presidential cycle or cycles, but without the attendant class language; leading to (4) a general muting of explanations for the cause of industrial conflict (irrecoof industrialncilable interests of labor and capital) in favor of specific reforms leading to government as mediator, picked up primarily by the Democratic Party.
Nonlinear crosstalk and compensation in quaternary differential-phase amplitude-shift-keying transmission

Nonlinear crosstalk for quaternary differential-phase ASK modulation is analyzed. Significant crosstalk penalty is measured for nonlinear phase shifts of 0.4 rad and above. A compensating technique is proposed and demonstrated, increasing the tolerance by 4.3 dB.
Studies on the Chemistry of Hemoglobin I. THE REACTIVE SULFHYDRYL GROUPS

Abstract The velocities of reaction of N-ethylmaleimide and iodoacetamide with the reactive sulfhydryl groups of human hemoglobin were measured in solvents of varying pH and ionic strength, and at different temperatures. These solvents were chosen to cover a wide range of variation in the equilibrium, α2β2 ⇄ 2αβ, where α2β2 denotes the hemoglobin tetramer and αβ the dimer. There was no difference between the reactivity of the —SH groups of liganded dimers and that of these groups in liganded tetramers. However, the —SH groups of deoxy-dimers were much more reactive than those of deoxy-tetramers. Furthermore, the velocity of alkylation of the —SH groups of the deoxy-dimers which are present in tetramers composed of one deoxy-dimer and one liganded dimer is intermediate between the velocity of alkylation of these groups in free deoxy-dimers and that of the alkylation of —SH groups of deoxy-tetramers. These results are interpreted as evidence for the existence of three conformational states for deoxygenated αβ units: that of the free dimer, that of the dimer in a deoxygenated tetramer, and that of the dimer in a hybrid tetramer (a tetramer composed of one deoxy-dimer and one liganded dimer).
Automatic generation of a custom digital signal processor for an adaptive robot arm controller

Studies performed on a recently developed adaptive control algorithm for high-performance robots have shown that for an effective implementation, hardware must efficiently support I/O and complex decision-making operations. General-purpose digital signal processors, with their emphasis on high-speed arithmetic computations, do not adequately serve the needs of adaptive control and similar applications. As an alternative the authors have generated a custom circuit for a cost-effective implementation of the algorithm. The generation of the custom circuit is based on a customizable digital signal processor embedded inside a CAD framework for application-specific ICs. With this approach, customized versions of the processor are automatically generated from high-level descriptions of algorithms. >
New evidence that release of RNA polymerase in isolated nuclei requires transcription.

Summary RNA polymerases solubilized by transcription in isolated nuclei at various (NH 4 ) 2 SO 4 concentrations were analyzed to determine the proportion of amanitin-sensitive and amanitin-resistant activity. Ionic conditions that stimulated amanitin-sensitive transcription in isolated nuclei increased the amount of RNA polymerase II released. Approximately equal amounts of RNA polymerase I were released at all ionic strengths tested.
Politics, Economics and Party Popularity in Britain, 1979-83

Abstract Analysts of party popularity frequently have emphasized macroeconomic conditions at the expense of political events. The wisdom of doing so is challenged by time-series analyses of British party popularity between the 1979 and 1983 elections. Some of the significant political interventions modeled were part of ‘usual’ politics, that is, by-elections, intraparty disputes, and public reactions to party leaders, whereas others were ‘unusual’, that is, engagement and victory in a foreign war, and the emergence of a new party. Analyses also show that inflation and unemployment had significant effects, but, taken together, they were not in accord with the dominant ‘reward-punishment’ model of party support. Rather, they conformed to an ‘issue-priority’ model which postulates that the impact of macroeconomic conditions depends upon how the electorate perceives the priorities of competing parties. Future expectations as well as evaluations of past performance govern the political economy of party popularity.
A New Experimental Technique to Simulate Secondary Erosion in Turbine Cascades

In refineries, power-recovery turbines are widely used in the fluid catalytic cracking process to extract power from particle-laden gases. The gas particles impinging on the blades cause blade and platform erosion. This erosion can be broadly classified into primary and secondary erosion according to the dynamics of the particle/flow interactions and whether the damage is caused by direct inertial impingement or by recirculation of fine particles (1–2 μm) through the blade secondary flows, by the vortices induced by these flows. This paper reports on a new experimental method devised to simulate the secondary erosion patterns without the use of a dust-laden stream. In this method, blades coated with a sublimating material such as naphthalene are tested in a wind tunnel. The secondary flow vortices tend to increase the local rate of sublimation in those areas where surface momentum gradients are high. This simulates the condition of preferential erosion induced by the dust loading present in the vortices. Tests show the induced patterns to be quite akin to secondary erosion seen on field run blades especially in the critical erosion patterns seen near the blade roots. Design modifications were then successfully developed to minimize this secondary erosion. These were shown to have a capability of reducing the erosion by 50 to 75 percent, by utilizing platform step control and naturally induced boundary layer suction. Conversely, many other features were found surprisingly ineffective. The method was also shown to be a very effective surface flow visualization technique for internal and external surfaces. Of the approaches found to be successful in minimizing erosion damage, control of the geometry of the stator to rotor steps along the hub flow path blade platforms was critical. Steps in general have the effect of making erosion worse. The most successful approach is the introduction of an inherent suction slot and the suction flow passage between individual blade platforms.
Increased α‐Adrenergic responsiveness in idiopathic raynaud's disease

In our study of 28 patients with idiopathic Raynaud's disease, the patients had significantly greater digital blood flow responses to intraarterial phenylephrine and clonidine than did normal control subjects. There were no group differences in finger blood flow responses to body heating, reflex cooling, digital ischemia, or to intraarterial tyramine or isoproterenol. There were also no group differences in blood pressure or heart rate during any procedure. These results suggest that patients with idiopathic Raynaud's disease have increased peripheral vascular alpha-adrenergic receptor sensitivity and/or density compared with normal persons.