cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Ute Russet: An oblong Russet potato cultivar with resistance to leafroll net necrosis andSclerotium rolfsii

Ute Russet is an oblong, smooth, fresh market potato with a dark net. It emerges slowly, produces an erect, medium sized vine, and is late maturing. Ute Russet is resistant toSclerotium rolfsii Sacc, and leafroll net necrosis, and moderately resistant toVerticillium wilt and scab. Its total and U.S. No. 1 yield potential is comparable to Centennial Russet in the San Luis Valley of Colorado and greater than Centennial Russet in Kern County, California.
Unexplained helium film effect with microwave dielectric resonators

Abstract An abrupt change in the microwave resonant frequency of a dielectric crystal when covered by a liquid helium film is observed to be orders of magnitude larger than expected. Characteristics of this unexplained phenomenon are outlined.
A 3D Finite Element Study on the Friction Effects on Material Flow Under the Cutting Edge in Superfinish Hard Milling H13 Tool Steel

Milling hardened steels has emerged as a key technology in mold and die manufacturing industries. In cutting, a portion of work material is pushed upward by the tool rake face to form the chip while the other portion below this layer is ploughed under the cutting edge to become the machined surface. Although the ploughed material is a very small fraction of the uncut chip thickness, it determines surface integrity after machining. In this study, a 3D finite element simulation model of milling hardened AISI H13 tool steel (HRC 50) has been developed to study material deformation under the cutting edge of a milling insert. The ploughed depth in the range of 0.6 μm to 3.0 μm is used to study the material flow under the cutting edge. Friction between the cutting edge and workpiece surface has a significant influence on the ploughed depth. Different coefficients of friction are used to study their effects on stresses/strains and temperature during ploughing. The Johnson-Cook model is used to model the plastic behavior of workpiece material. The 3D finite element analysis gives an insight into some key issues in a milling process. The FEA model illustrates the effects of micro cutting edge geometry on pile-up in front of the cutting edge, transient stresses and temperatures, and a transition from ploughing to cutting in a milling process.© 2010 ASME
Long-term renal responses to high dietary protein in dogs with 75% nephrectomy

Longterm renal responses to high dietary protein in dogs with 75% nephrectomy. It has been proposed that ingestion of large amounts of dietary protein leads to sustained renal hyperperfusion and progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. This hypothesis was tested in dogs, with 75% reduction in renal mass, maintained for 4 years on either 56, 27, or 19% dietary protein. Twelve of 21 dogs survived 4 years, and death due to renal failure was not correlated to diet. Dogs fed 56 and 27% protein had increased GFR and C PAH before and after reduction of renal mass compared to the 19% group. A pattern of deterioration of renal function, including proteinuria, was not found in any diet group. Nine of 11 dogs, fed 56, 27, or 19% protein had minimal glomerular lesions, including mesangial proliferation, GBM irregularities, adhesions, and sclerosis. Two other dogs, fed 56% protein, had more severe glomerular lesions. No significant ultrastructural differences were found in glomeruli among the three diet groups. These results do not support the hypothesis that high protein feeding had a significant adverse effect on either renal function of morphology in dogs with 75% nephrectomy.
Size-resolved measurements of light scattering by ambient particles in the southwestern U.S.A.

Abstract Measurements are reported from integrating nephelometers modified sample alternately from a fine-particle ( D zero μ m) cyclone and an unrestricted inlet. These nephelometers were successfully operated at two sites in the southwest. U.S.A. as part of the SCENES program in the spring and summer of 1989. One of the nephelometers was collocated with a transmissometer monitoring total extinction. Fine-and total-particle samples were collected at each site for determination of m ass and light absorption. Intercomparisons of the collacated daytime scattering, absorption. and total extinction measurements indicate that the nephelometer reported somewhat less than half the actual scattering to coarse particles. When this under-response is corrected for, the nephelometer and transmissometer show good agreement. The corrected data indicate that corse particles were responsible from one-quarter to one-third of the total particle scattering. Predominatly coare-particle dusts are estimated to have contributed one-third to one-half of the total-particle scatterring.
Novel nonlinear adaptive Doppler shift estimation technique (NADSET) for the coherent Doppler lidar system VALIDAR

A novel Nonlinear Adaptive Doppler Shift Estimation Technique (NADSET) is introduced in this paper. The quality of Doppler shift and power estimations by conventional Fourier-transform-based spectrum estimation methods deteriorates rapidly in low signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) environment. The new NADSET algorithm compensates such deterioration in the quality of wind parameter estimates by adaptively utilizing the statistics of Doppler shift estimate in strong SNR ranges and identifying sporadic range bins where good Doppler shift estimates are found. NADSET is based on the nature of continuous wind profile and significantly improves the accuracy and the quality of Doppler shift estimates in low SNR ranges. The authenticity of NADSET is established by comparing the trend of wind parameters with and without NADSET applied to the lidar returns acquired over a long period of time by the coherent Doppler lidar system VALIDAR at NASA Langley Research Center in Virginia.
Gentamicin promotes Staphylococcus aureus biofilms on silk suture

Background Communities of bacteria, termed biofilms, develop on biotic and abiotic surfaces, including medical devices and surgical suture. Biofilm-associated bacteria are typically recalcitrant to antibiotic therapy, and the effects of antibiotics on microbial biofilms are not clearly understood. There is emerging evidence that under specific conditions, aminoglycosides may actually promote biofilm development. Experiments were designed to study the effects of gentamicin on suture-associated Staphylococcus aureus biofilms. Materials and Methods S. aureus biofilms were formed after 24 h incubation of bacteria with silk suture. Susceptibility of planktonic S. aureus (from broth culture) to gentamicin was compared with the susceptibility of cells from mechanically dispersed S. aureus biofilms. Subinhibitory and inhibitory concentrations of gentamicin were subsequently incubated with intact suture-associated biofilms. S. aureus viability and metabolic capacity were assessed, and biofilm biomass was quantified with crystal violet (binds negatively charged surface molecules) and with the nucleic acid stain Syto 9. Scanning electron microscopy was used to assess the effect of gentamicin on the ultrastructure of suture-associated S. aureus biofilms. Results Planktonic cells and S. aureus cells from mechanically dispersed biofilms had similar susceptibility to gentamicin. However, after incubation of high concentrations of gentamicin with intact biofilms, high numbers of S. aureus remained both viable and metabolically active; biofilm biomass was increased and biofilm ultrastructure showed staphylococcal cells within copious amounts of extracellular material. Conclusion Gentamicin does not effectively kill S. aureus within intact suture-associated biofilms, and gentamicin also promotes the biomass of S. aureus biofilms.
Educating for Character in the Sexual Domain

Changes in American sexual behavior brought about by the sexual revolution have been linked to the breakdown of the family and other social ills. Because sex has profound consequences for self, others, and society, sex education is an important part of character education. Sexual abstinence before marriage is associated with better physical and psychological health among adolescents and adults, fosters stable marriages, and ensures that childbearing takes place within marriage. Because abstinence education encourages students to avoid all risk taking and make sexual choices that are objectively in their best interest and the best interest of society, it is the approach most aligned with the goals of character education. Recent reviews of research have identified abstinence education programs that have been effective in reducing teen sexual activity. Consideration is given to how to provide continued support for sexual restraint during the college years.
Analytical form of the sweep constant in grain growth

Abstract The sweep constant in grain growth, θ*, is defined as the number of grains that disappear when the grain boundaries sweep through a total volume equal to that of the average grain. An analytical derivation is presented that expresses θ* for self-similar grain growth solely in terms of the self-similar size distribution. Specific applications of this analysis are presented, and the implications of these results with respect to grain growth kinetics are discussed.
Symbiotic association of crinoids, platyceratid gastropods, and Cornulites in the Upper Ordovician (Cincinnatian) of the Cincinnati, Ohio region

The crinoid Glyptocrinus provided an elevated substrate on the Cincinnatian seafloor suitable for exploitation by platyceratid gastropods and their attached epizoans, notably Cornulites, a tubiculous, suspension-feeding worm-like organism. The presumably coprophagous platyceratids served as a substrate for settling larvae of Cornulites. Seven species of platyceratid gastropods belonging to the genera Cyclonema and Naticonema have been found with cornulitids attached commensally in several stereotypic locations on the shell. Some cornulitid individuals survived partial overgrowth by the snail shell and continued to live commensally on the snail. Whether coprophagous on the crinoid fecal wastes or not, the platyceratids and associated cornulitids represent opportunistic secondary tierers which occupied an optimally elevated position on the calices of Glyptocrinus, above an unstable, mud bottom substrate
Clarity of Responsibility and Corruption

This article demonstrates that political institutions influence the level of corruption via clarity of responsibility. The key hypothesis is that when political institutions provide high clarity of responsibility, politicians face incentives to pursue good policies and reduce corruption. These incentives are induced by the electorates' rejection of incumbents who do not provide satisfactory outcomes. However, if lines of responsibility are not clear, the ability of voters to evaluate and punish politicians—as well as to create incentives for performance—declines. The findings confirm that countries with institutions that allow for greater clarity of responsibility have lower levels of corruption.
Use of fura red as an intracellular calcium indicator in frog skeletal muscle fibers

Fura red, a fluorescent Ca2+ indicator with absorbance bands at visible wavelengths, was injected into intact single muscle fibers that had been stretched to a long sarcomere length (approximately 3.8 microns) and bathed in a 'high-Ca2+' Ringer ([Ca2+] = 11.8 mM). From fura red's slow diffusion coefficient in myoplasm, 0.16 (+/- 0.01, SEM) x 10(-6) cm2 s-1 (N = 5; 16 degrees C), it is estimated that approximately 85% of the indicator molecules are bound to muscle constituents of large molecular weight. Binding appears to elevate, by 3- to 4-fold, the indicator's apparent dissociation constant for Ca2+ (KD), which is estimated to be 1.1–1.6 microM in myoplasm. Fura red's myoplasmic absorbance spectrum was used to estimate fr, the fraction of fura red molecules in the Ca2+-bound form at rest. In 3 fibers thought to be minimally damaged by the micro-injection, fr was estimated to be 0.15 (+/- 0.01). Thus, resting myoplasmic free [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]r) is estimated to be 0.19–0.28 microM. For fibers in normal Ringer solution ([Ca2+] = 1.8 mM), at shorter sarcomere length (approximately 2.7 microns), and containing a nonperturbing concentration of indicator (
Bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals for the treatment of prostate cancer with bone metastases

Patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) frequently have metastases to the bone, which may cause pain and lead to a deterioration in quality-of-life. Bone-seeking radiopharmaceuticals are agents which, when administered systemically, localize to the site of bone metastases and deliver focal radiation there. In this review, we will summarize the current literature on bone-targeting radiopharmaceuticals for CRPC, focusing on strontium-89, samarium-153, rhenium-186 and radium-223. We will discuss their indications, clinical efficacy, and toxicities and highlight some of the challenges in optimizing treatment with these agents. Historically, clinical trials with these drugs have failed to demonstrate survival improvements, restricting their use for palliative purposes only. Radium-223 is the first agent in this class to show an overall survival advantage in CRPC patients with bone metastases. This landmark finding will likely have a considerable impact on the treatment paradigm of bone-metastatic CRPC, and will pave the way for further developments in the future.
1D finite volume model of unsteady flow over mobile bed

Summary A one dimensional (1D) finite volume method (FVM) model was developed for simulating unsteady flow, such as dam break flow, and flood routing over mobile alluvium. The governing equation is the modified 1D shallow water equation and the Exner equation that take both bed load and suspended load transport into account. The non-equilibrium sediment transport algorithm was adopted in the model, and the van Rijn method was employed to calculate the bed-load transport rate and the concentration of suspended sediment at the reference level. Flux terms in the governing equations were discretised using the upwind flux scheme, Harten et al. (1983) (HLL) and HLLC schemes, Roe’s scheme and the Weighted Average Flux (WAF) schemes with the Double Minmod and Minmod flux limiters. The model was tested under a fixed bed condition to evaluate the performance of several different numerical schemes and then applied to an experimental case of dam break flow over a mobile bed and a flood event in the Rillito River, Tucson, Arizona. For dam break flow over movable bed, all tested schemes were proved to be capable of reasonably simulating water surface profiles, but failed to accurately capture the hydraulic jump. The WAF schemes produced slight spurious oscillations at the water surface and bed profiles and over-estimated the scour depth. When applying the model to the Rillito River, the simulated results generally agreed well with the field measurements of flow discharges and bed elevation changes. Modeling results of bed elevation changes were sensitive to the suspended load recovery coefficient and the bed load adaptation length, which require further theoretical and experimental investigations.
BIDENS PILOSA COMPLEX (ASTERACEAE) IN NORTH AND CENTRAL AMERICA

Field observations, chromosome counts, flavonoid chemistry, breeding system data, hybridization experiments, and a quantitative analysis of twelve morphological features combine to show that the North and Central American populations of B. pilosa sensu Sherif actually include three distinct species: B. odorata (n = 12), B. alba (n = 24), and B. pilosa (n = 36). All these taxa are square-stemmed, white-rayed or discoid annuals with linear, obcompressed-quadrangulate achenes, but each species can be distinguished morphologically by differences in ray length and width, in outer phyllary length, width and shape and chemically by differences in the chalcones accumulated in their leaves. New combinations are proposed and two varieties, B. odorata var. oaxacensis and B. odorata var. chilpancingensis, are described as new. Descriptions, distribution maps, synonymies, and a key to all taxa are provided. BIDENS PILOSA L. (Asteraceae) is a widely distributed subtropical and tropical weed with its center of diversification in Mexico. Throughout its range, this taxon is recognized by its annual habit, square stem, and linear, obcom
Characterization of Alkyl-Nickel Adducts Generated by Reaction of Methyl-Coenzyme M Reductase with Brominated Acids†

: Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR) from methanogenic archaea catalyzes the final step in the biological synthesis of methane. Using coenzyme B (CoBSH) as the two-electron donor, MCR reduces methyl-coenzyme M (methyl-SCoM) to methane and the mixed disulfide, CoB-S-S-CoM. MCR contains coenzyme F 430 , an essential redox-active nickel tetrahydrocorphin, at its active site. The active form of MCR (MCR red1 ) contains Ni(I)-F 430 . When 3-bromopropane sulfonate (BPS) is incubated with MCR red1 , an alkyl-Ni(III) species is formed that elicits the MCR PS EPR signal. Here we used EPR and UV-visible spectroscopy and transient kinetics to study the reaction between MCR from Methanothermobacter marburgensis and a series of brominated carboxylic acids, with carbon chain lengths of 4-16. All of these compounds give rise to an alkyl-Ni intermediate with an EPR signal similar to that of the MCRps species. Reaction of the alkyl-Ni(III) adduct, formed from brominated acids with eight or fewer total carbons, with HSCoM as nucleophile at pH 10.0 results in the formation of a thioether coupled to regeneration of the active MCR red1 state. When reacted with 4-bromobutyrate, MCR red1 forms the alkyl-Ni(III) MCR XA state and then, surprisingly, undergoes "self-reactivation" to regenerate the Ni(I) MCR red1 state and a bromocarboxy ester. The results demonstrate an unexpected reactivity and flexibility of the MCR active site in accommodating a broad range of substrates, which act as molecular rulers for the substrate channel in MCR.
Dendrimers Based on Melamine. Divergent and Orthogonal, Convergent Syntheses of a G3 Dendrimer

Both convergent and divergent strategies are used to synthesize 1, a dendrimer comprising triazines linked by diamines. The convergent approach is orthogonal; neither protecting groups nor functional group manipulations are required using the building blocks selected.
Economic impact of reducing hospitalization for mastectomy patients.

In 1985, two policies designed to reduce hospitalization charges for mastectomy patients were instituted at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at Houston. The first was a policy of "same-day" admissions for elective surgery patients, and the second was early postoperative discharge for mastectomy patients with suction catheter drains in place. The economic savings resulting from these policies was analyzed by comparing demographics, operation, stage of disease, hospital stay, hospital charges, and complications for two groups of patients. Fifty-nine consecutive mastectomy patients treated between 1983 and 1984, before these policy changes, had "standard management" consisting of hospital admission 24 hours before surgery and discharge only after the surgical drains were removed. Sixty-one consecutive mastectomy patients treated between 1986 and 1987, after these policy changes went into effect, were admitted from the recovery room after surgery and were discharged with drainage catheters in place, usually within 72 hours. All operations were performed by the same faculty surgeon as a representative experience of the General Surgery faculty. The average hospital stay was reduced from 10.5 to 4.3 days. A mean 39% reduction in hospital charges (from $4867.00 to $2981.00) was achieved by instituting the policies of "same-day" admission and early postoperative discharge with drainage catheters in place. Complication rates were not changed. Implementation of this policy resulted in an estimated savings of $750,000.00 in the hospital care of approximately 400 patients treated at the M.D. Anderson Cancer Center at Houston each year. Adjustments in patient care delivery systems from a predominantly inpatient to an outpatient setting required changes in outpatient nursing responsibilities (although not in new personnel). Patient education and written instructions for home care of surgical wounds and drainage catheters were essential for implementing an early discharge policy. With these facts in mind, hospital admission on the day of operation and early postoperative discharge with drainage catheters in place should be the goal for most mastectomy patients.
Resonant Multiphoton Ionization For The Detection Of Technetium

The occurrence of isobaric (same mass) interferences presents a persistent problem to the precise experimental determination of isotope ratios.1 The problem is particularly acute when large isotope ratios must be measured, and in the determination of extremely small samples, where counting statistics will make subtraction of a background signal rather inaccurate. While there exist classical techniques for reducing background interferences, the application of resonance ionization mass spectrometry (RIMS) currently seems most likely to provide an optimal solution to this problem.2-8 We present here a preliminary report on the application of RIMS to the selective detection of technetium.© (1983) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Serotonergic modulation of the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine in squirrel monkeys

In order to investigate the potential modulatory role of serotonin on the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine, two groups of squirrel monkeys were trained to discriminate 0.3 mg/kg or 1.0 mg/kg cocaine and saline under a two-lever drug-discrimination procedure. Substitution of a range of cocaine doses (0.03–1.7 mg/kg) occasioned orderly, dose-dependent increases in cocaine-lever responding. When administered alone, the non-selective serotonin direct agonist, quipa- zine, also occasioned increases in cocaine-lever responding which were more pronounced in subjects trained with the lower cocaine dose. When quipazine was administered in combination with cocaine, there was an increase in cocaine-lever responding, indicating an additive effect. The serotonin uptake inhibitor, fluoxetine, occasioned saline-lever responding when administered alone. However, in combination with cocaine, fluoxetine enhanced the discriminative effects of cocaine in subjects trained at the lower cocaine dose. The 5-HT2-selective antagonists, ketanserin and ritanserin, did not occasion cocaine-lever responding when administered alone. In combination with cocaine, ketanserin attenuated the discriminative effects of cocaine in most subjects, and ritanserin attenuated the discriminative effects of cocaine in subjects trained at the higher dose. These results indicate that the discriminative-stimulus effects of cocaine may be increased by direct- and indirect-acting serotonin agonists and attenuated by serotonin antagonists in squirrel monkeys.
SU-GG-I-142: Comparison of 3T MRI and 3D Endorectal Ultrasonography for Evaluating Invasion to Muscularis Propria and Perirectal Tissue in Colorectal Cancer

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate whether 3T MRI can offer better diagnostic value over 3‐D‐EUS for evaluating the invasion to muscularis propria and perirectal tissue.Method and Materials: 26 patients (age range 45–78, mean age 59.42) with biopsy proven rectal cancer underwent 3T MR Imaging and endorectal sonography. Pathology was the gold standard. Invasion through the muscularis propria and perirectal tissue at histological examination were used as the standard of reference. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and overall accuracy in prediction of muscularis propria invasion and perirectal invasion were calculated for both 3T MRI and 3D EUS. Results: In evaluating the muscularis propria invasion in rectal cancer, the overall sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 3T MRI 100%, 50%, 91.7%, 100% (P=0.125) respectively, for depiction of the invasion depth to muscularis propria. Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value using EUS were 90.9%, 100%, 100%, 66.7% (P=0.125) respectively. In evaluating the perirectal tissue invasion in rectal cancer, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value for 3.0 T MR was 75%, 100%, 100%, 71.4% (P=0.0078) respectively, for depiction of the invasion depth to perirectal tissue. Sensitivity of EUS for the depiction of the invasion depth to perirectal tissue was 25%, specificity was 100%, positive predictive value was 100%, negative predictive value was 45.5%, P=0.0078. 3T is more sensitive and accurate than EUS for evaluating the invasion depth to perirectal tissue. There is no difference between 3T and EUS for evaluating the invasion depth to muscularis propria. Conclusion: 3T MRI derives benefit mainly from the improvement of Single to noise ratio and spatial resolution. 3T MRI is non invasive and offers better diagnostic value over 3‐D‐EUS for evaluating the invasion depth of rectal cancer.
Speedup of NULL convention digital circuits using NULL cycle reduction

A NULL Cycle Reduction (NCR) technique is developed to increase the throughput of NULL Convention Logic systems, by reducing the time required to flush complete DATA wavefronts, commonly referred to as the NULL cycle. The NCR technique exploits parallelism by partitioning input wavefronts, such that one circuit processes a DATA wavefront, while its duplicate processes a NULL wavefront. A NCR architecture is developed for both dual-rail and quad-rail circuits, using either full-word or bit-wise completion. To illustrate the technique, NCR is applied to case studies of a dual-rail nonpipelined 4-bit × 4-bit unsigned multiplier using full-word completion, a dual-rail optimally-pipelined 4-bit × 4-bit unsigned multiplier using full-word completion, and a dual-rail optimally-pipelined 4-bit × 4-bit unsigned multiplier using bitwise completion. The application of NCR yields a speedup of 1.57, 1.55, and 1.34, respectively, over the standalone versions, while maintaining delay-insensitivity. Furthermore, NCR is applied to a single slow stage of two pipelined designs to boost the pipelines' overall throughput by 20% and 26%, respectively.
Soft part tumors

Results of management of rhabdomyosarcoma of childhood have improved in a dramatic manner during the recent 10 years as a consequence of the treatment by three modality approach which relies on an intensive multi-drug multicycle chemotherapy regimen combined with radiation therapy and or surgery. Both local results and total disease-free survival rates are markedly better with this more comprehensive approach. A staging system for sarcoma of soft tissue has just been developed by the A.J.C. Histopathological grade is the important parameter: stage 1,2, and 3 are tumors of histological grades 1, 2, and 3 respectively (an outline of the system is presented). Treatment results of 100 patients with sarcoma of soft tissue (extremities 89, torso 11) treated by radical dose radiation therapy (less than 6300 rad) and limited surgery at M.D. Anderson Hospital are presented. For both local control and disease free survival, results decreased with advancing stage and anatomic site was not a factor per se. Radiation therapy under tourniquet induced hypoxia was not found to be significantly more effective than conventional radical dose therapy. The necessity of planning treatment such that if subsequent surgery is required, the fields will provide the best distribution of unirradiated or low dose tissue for preparation of flaps, etc.
Empirical bayes estimation of several population means and variances under random sampling variances model

Abstract An extension of Kleffe–Rao model, an extended mixed model with random sampling variances, is considered. Empirical Bayes estimation is found to be very effective under such a model. The empirical Bayes estimators do not have a closed form. A second order Laplace approximation is proposed which works well for moderately large sample sizes. This approximation is specially useful when the uncertainties of the proposed empirical Bayes estimators are measured by the parametric bootstrap technique. A numerical example is considered to demonstrate the method.
26 Predictors of Health-Related Quality of Life at 6 Months after Left Ventricular Assist Device Implantation: Findings from INTERMACS

and 22 weeks after baseline data. Linear mixed modeling was used to evaluate the trajectory of the conditions of interest. Results: 46 subjects were recruited at a U.S. Midwestern LVAD center. The average caregiver was a 59 y.o. female Caucasian spouse with a high school education living with the LVAD recipient. 52% were employed outside the home. SS scores did not change significantly over time (p .42), with a mean total MOS-SS score of 3.41 1.02. The total score was significantly associated with reduced burden ( 1.7, p .001), although only 1 subscale, tangible support, demonstrated significance with reduced burden ( 1.15, p .04). Reduced burden and increased SS were independently significantly associated with improved QOL ( .75, p .001; 2.7, p .005, respectively). Only the MOS-SS affection subscale approached significance in relation to QOL ( 1.9, p .054). Conclusions: SS is associated with improved LVAD caregiver burden and QOL. LVAD and heart transplant recipients’ caregivers report similar SS, but LVAD caregivers report worse QOL. Program focus on targeted social support can improve caregiver experience.
Characteristics of in-line Josephson tunneling gates

Characteristics of in-line Josephson gates have been computed, using numerical techniques, for a number of differing junction length to Josephson penetration depth ratios. These are verified by systematic experimental results, where the agreement between theory and experiment was found to be good.
Compartmental matrices with single root and nonnegative nilpotent matrices

Abstract It is shown that, as a consequence of the Frobenius Theorem on nonnegative matrices, an n -square compartmental matrix with a single n -fold root is permutationally similar to a triangular matrix. As a result, certain properties of precedence matrices and some graph theoretic results can be viewed as essentially resulting from the classical theorem on nonnegative irreducible matrices.
Autonomic Nervous System Disorders and Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy in Lightning and Electrical Injuries

Both lightning and electrical injuries can cause autonomic nervous system (ANS) symptoms and signs (Table 1). Published descriptions of ANS involvement occurring with lightning and electrical injuries are rare. The most often reported neurologic complications of lightning injuries involve the central nervous system. ANS abnormalities have been documented with lightning, although the descriptions are scant. There is a lack of complete clinical information or ANS testing data in these cases. This is usually a result of the transient nature of ANS complications. In electrical injuries, ANS involvement is less well described than for lightning. Electrical injuries can be associated with peripheral nerve damage. As a result of peripheral nerve damage, reflex sympathetic dystrophy (RSD) may occur in patients with electrical injuries. Various treatment strategies for RSD associated with electrical injuries are found in single case reports. This article summarizes ANS involvement, predominantly in lightning injuries, and describes RSD and its treatment, predominantly in electrical injuries.
Analysis of the high-resolution infrared spectrum of the ν2 bending mode of HOCl at 1238 cm−1

Abstract The infrared spectrum of hypochlorous acid (HOCl) is investigated in the 1238-cm −1 ( ν 2 ) region with a recently completed 3.81-m Ebert Spectrometer. A description of this instrument is included. Spectroscopic constants for ν 2 are obtained.
Price Discrimination in a Racially Stable Housing Market

Equilibrium models posit that, since whites have a taste for discrimination, they will outbid blacks for housing in racially homogeneous neighborhoods. Contrary observations that blacks pay more are often attributed to the price pressures that result from rapid expansion of the black population. This paper uses hedonic value assessment techniques to estimate racially based price differentials in a market where the black population has been stable for a long period. Explicit tests are made for boundary effects and market segmentation. The results indicate that blacks pay a discriminatory premium for housing, that results from collusive-like behavior that limits their housing opportunities.
Secondary myogenesis of normal muscle produces abnormal myotubes

The extensor digitorum longus muscles of 2-, 4-, and 12-week-old 129-ReJ mice were subjected to homotopic, whole-muscle transplantation. Subsequent to myofiber necrosis and phagocytosis, a new population of myotubes was produced. The three-dimensional cytoarchitecture of these newly formed myotubes was determined in spaced, serial, ultrathin sections. Myotubes, which for long distances along their length appeared to be separate and discrete, were found to branch and recombine, forming a complex syncytium.
Second-Order Waves in a Three-Dimensional Wave Basin with Perfectly Reflecting Sidewalls

A complete second-order solution is presented for the three-dimensional wave field produced by the snake-like motion of an array of wave generators located at one end of a semi-infinite rectangular tank. The solutions to the boundary-value problems at first and second order are obtained by the method of eigenfunction expansions and are correct to second order in wave-maker stroke (wave amplitude). This frequency-domain solution may be considered as an extension of the earlier (1991) two-dimensional (narrow flume) solution of Hudspeth & Sulisz. Numerical results are presented that illustrate the influence of the various wave maker and basin parameters on the generated wave field.
Cryopreservation of channel catfish spermatozoa: effect of cryoprotectant, straw size, and formulation of extender.

Abstract Various aspects of the cryopreservation of spermatozoa of channel catfish ( Ictalurus punctatus ) were studied in relation to spermatozoa motility. The objectives were to evaluate 1) the efficacy of 5, 10 and 15% of methanol or n,n-dimethyl acetamide (DMA) as cryoprotectants; 2) the acute toxicity of 5, 10 and 15% methanol or DMA; 3) the use of 0.5-ml vs. 0.25-ml straws; 4) the efficacy of 5, 10 and 15% of methanol in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS) or HBSS without glucose, and 5) the use of HBSS with or without 5% methanol. We found that use of 5% methanol as a cryoprotectant resulted in significantly higher post-thaw motility (P = 0.0001) than did 5, 10 or 15% DMA. The use of 5% of either cryoprotectant resulted in significantly higher post-thaw motility (P = 0.0001) than did 10 or 15% of the cryoprotectants. Samples containing 10 or 15% DMA had significantly lower motility (P = 0.0001) after 30 min exposure than did samples containing 5, 10 or 15% methanol. The use of 0.25-ml straws resulted in significantly higher post-thaw motility (P = 0.0001) than that of 0.5-ml straws. No difference was found in post-thaw motility between HBSS with and without glucose as the extenders. Cryopreservation in HBSS without addition of cryoprotectant resulted in post-thaw motility values of about 1%.
Topography, cytoarchitecture, and cellular phenotypes of cortical areas that form the cingulo-parahippocampal isthmus and adjoining retrocalcarine areas in the monkey.

The monkey cingulo-parahippocampal isthmus was identified recently in the depths and lateral bank of the anterior calcarine fissure but was not characterized fully. Cytoarchitectonic and immunohistochemical results presented here reveal that the isthmus is composed of four cortical areas. These include the presubiculum of the isthmus (PrSi), parasubiculum of the isthmus (PaSi), area 29 of the isthmus (area 29i) and area prostriata (Pro), which has anterior (Pro-a) and posterior (Pro-p) divisions. The PrSi, characterized by dense calbindin+ (CB+) neuropil in layer III, merges with area 29i at approximately the middle portion of the isthmus; the latter lacking the CB+ neuropil. The PaSi, characterized by a cell-free lamina dissecans and light parvalbumin+ labeling, is observed in the ventral isthmus. The Pro, located posterior to area 29i and PaSi, and anterior to area 17, has an incipient layer IV, but the density of granule cells gradually increase toward area 17. Pro-a has an incipient layer IV, contains few SMI-32+ neurons, and adjoins area 30 dorsally. The latter also has an incipient layer IV but contains, in contrast, more SMI-32+ neurons. Pro-p has a clear but thin layer IV, contains a small number of SMI-32+ neurons, and adjoins both area 23 and area 18 dorsally and area 18 ventrally. Compared with Pro-p, area 23 contains many more SMI-32+ neurons, whereas area 18 contains far more SMI-32+ neurons. These findings reveal that the isthmus is a key cortical zone connecting both the cingulate and parahippocampal gyri, but also the limbic and visual cortices. Emphasizing the former only, which has been the tendency historically, underestimates the anatomic complexity of the isthmus, and likely, its functional correlates.
Transitions in infant feeding during the first year of life

To document ages at which transitions in infant feeding occur, to compare these transitions to literature reports from the 1970s and 80s, and to identify maternal characteristics related to the age of the infant when solid food was first introduced.Ninety-eight mother/infant pairs (middle and upper socioeconomic status) participated in the longitudinal study. Using a randomized, incomplete block design, in-home interviews were conducted by trained personnel when infants were 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months of age; each mother/infant pair was seen four or five times. Information on food intake, including breast milk/formula, was collected at each interview. Means +/− SD and frequencies were calculated, and least squares analysis of variance was used to develop a predictive model related to the introduction of cereal.Most mothers decided on the initial feeding mode (breastfeeding or formula) prior to pregnancy; 83% breastfed initially although most (76%) totally discontinued breastfeeding by 6 months. Infa...
Tardive dyskinesia and serum iron indices

Abstract Background: This study was undertaken to evaluate whether peripheral (serum) markers of iron status are associated with severity of the choreoathetoid movements seen in tardive dyskinesia (TD). Methods: Serum iron indices (ferritin, iron, and total iron binding capacity) and fluphenazine levels were measured in a group of 30 male DSM-III diagnosed schizophrenic patients chronically treated with fluphenazine decanoate. The severity of choreoathetoid movements was assessed with the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), and akathisia was assessed with the Barnes scale. Results: A significant positive correlation was observed between AIMS scores and serum ferritin. This relationship remained significant after controlling for age and plasma fluphenazine levels. No significant correlations were observed between serum iron or total iron binding capacity and choreoathetoid movement ratings. There were no significant associations between serum iron indices and akathisia ratings. Conclusions: The data suggest that choreoathetoid movements are associated with serum ferritin levels in chronically medicated male schizophrenic patients. This relationship does not seem to be caused by an association of these variable with age or plasma fluphenazine levels. In addition, the relationship seems to be specific, since other iron indices and another extrapyramidal side effect (akathisia) do not demonstrate a similar relationship. In view of reports that antipsychotic medications change normal iron metabolism and increase iron uptake into the brain, the current results could be interpreted to suggest that serum ferritin levels may be a risk factor for TD in patients treated with “classic” antipsychotic medications.
On Pursuit with Curvature Constraints

A theorem is proved extending results of Cockayne on pursuit with curvature constraints. Let two points (pursuer and evader) move in Euclidean 3-space with constant speeds. Provided the pursuer has greater speed and greater normal acceleration, it is shown that pursuit is always successful. The methods used are similar to Cockayne's. The pursuer, by some preliminary maneuvers, sets up a condition where he is leaving the line of sight in the same direction and with the same speed as the evader. It is shown that from this instant, the pursuer can, without violating constraints, keep the line of sight parallel to the original and ultimately collide with the evader.
Rise in maternal serum α-fetoprotein concentration after chorionic villus sampling and the possibility of isoimmunization

Abstract Maternal serum α-fetoprotein concentrations were determined by radioimmunoassay in 72 patients immediately before and after chorionic villus sampling for prenatal diagnosis. Fifty percent showed a rise of ≥5 ng/ml. Assuming such rises represent fetal blood crossing the intervillous space, in 14% of the cases ≥60 μl of fetal blood was transferred at the time of chorionic villus sampling. A positive correlation was found between the magnitude of rise in maternal serum α-fetoprotein levels and the amount of villi removed (r = 0.39, p
Treatment of advanced and recurrent gynecologic cancer

In 1986 73,400 new cases of invasive gynecologic cancer and 45,000 new cases of in situ carcinoma of the uterine cervix (about 9% of all cancers in women) were diagnosed in the US. A significant proportion of these patients die of local failure. In dealing with the wide variety of gynecologic cancers, extreme care must be used in choosing the appropriate treatment program for each problem. Therefore, the full extent of the disease at the time of initial presentation and recurrence must be determined. It is only with these data that appropriate treatment programs can be designed with the maximum potential for long-term control or cure and with the minimum in treatment complication. There are no groups of disease processes like those seen in advanced or recurrent gynecologic cancer that offer such a challenge to the clinical practitioner.
Does urban form matter in solo and joint activity engagement

Abstract This research examines how the residential built environment relates to residents’ solo versus joint engagement in shopping, dining, and recreational/fitness activities. Using data from the 2006 Greater Triangle Travel Survey in North Carolina, individual activity engagement is innovatively measured using two indicators: total time spent alone and total time jointly spent with household members on a specific non-work activity type. The impact of the built environment on non-work activity engagement is then estimated using Heckman sample selection models along with a seemingly unrelated estimation system. We find that residents living closer to parks and department stores on average are more likely to participate in out-of-home recreation and shopping activities. A comparison of coefficients in solo versus joint engagement models shows that park accessibility is much more important to household joint participation than to solo participation in recreational activities. The research generates new knowledge on how the built environment may influence solo versus joint activity engagement differently. The findings are useful to urban planners who are interested in reviving local economy and promoting active living/social interaction.
Using polymeric additives to enhance molecular gelation: impact of poly(acrylic acid) on pyridine-based gelators

The effect of polymeric additives on molecular gelation was explored using poly(acrylic acid) and pyridine-based gelators. A significant reduction in the critical gel concentration (cgc) and an increase in gel strength were observed when the polymer was present during gel formation. Detailed studies revealed that the polymer is adsorbing onto the growing fibers, reducing the growth rates, and leading to thinner fibers. These and other morphological changes lead to improved gel properties by increasing the number of fiber–fiber entanglements. Several other polymers were briefly examined and these studies revealed that polymer structure is important. The polymer containing a complementary functional group relative to the gelator (e.g., H-bond donor/acceptor) provided the lowest cgc.
Protection hypothesis for composite wear

Significant occlusal wear occurs on posterior composite restorations in areas without direct contact with opponent teeth (contact-free wear) in addition to wear at the contacts. Recent research has indicated that all occlusal posterior composite surfaces wear, and those surfaces show decreasing wear rates over time. This provides more evidence for an earlier theory proposed by Jorgensen et al. (1979) that composite contact-free wear is a function of access and attrition caused by small particles in the food bolus. This hypothesis is now called the “protection theory” or “protection hypothesis” for wear. Macroscopic protection or “sheltering” from wear is provided by cavity preparation walls. Microscopic protection against resin matrix wear is provided by filler particles that are close together. Clinical evidence supporting the protection hypothesis comes from recently confirmed low wear rates for microfill and hybrid composites. The objective of this work was to calculate the minimum inter-particle spacing required for microscopic protection (wear resistance) for composites based on assumptions of packing fractions (0.68) with small particles (0.02 μm radius) for dispersed versus agglomerated conditions. An inter-particle spacing (IPS) of <0.10 μm was assumed to afford wear protection. The results are that only 1.5–6.0 volume percentage microfiller is theoretically required to generate an IPS of 0.1 μm for composite microscopic protection. However, microfiller particles are suspected to agglomerate into clusters. Modified calculations for that effect indicate that at least 35% filler is required to provide microscopic protection. This effect explains much of the 3 to 5 year clinical research results for microfills and hybrids. These calculations support the use of well-dispersed filler particles below 0.10 μm in size in composites to reduce contact-free wear.
Interference Between Constant-Rate and Constant-Pressure Reservoirs Sharing a Common Aquifer

A practical pressure transient analysis method is presented for interpreting interference between two oil fields or an oil field and a gas field sharing a common aquifer. One oil field is approximated as a constant-rate line source. The other interfering field is represented by a finite-radius circular source producing at constant rate or constant pressure. A rigorous application of the superposition principle is discussed, making use of a new model where a constantrate line source produces exterior to a circular boundary. Both constant pressure and impermeable internal boundaries are considered. Dimensionless pressure drop curves for both boundary conditions are presented. For the case of a line source producing near a constant-pressure internal boundary, dimensionless curves for the instantaneous rate and the cumulative injection from this internal boundary are given. These curves may be used to forecast the actual injection/production rate and the cumulative injection/production at the interfering reservoir as a function of time.