cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Regulation of CO production in cerebral microvessels of newborn pigs

Carbon monoxide (CO) is produced from heme by heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) in cerebral blood vessels. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used on piglet cerebral microvessels to address the hypothesis that CO production is regulated by heme delivery and HO-2 catalytic activity. CO production appears to be substrate limited because heme and its precursor aminolevulinate increase CO production. Ionomycin also increases CO production. However, CO production from exogenous heme was the same in Ca-replete medium, Ca-free medium with ionomycin, and Ca-replete medium with ionomycin. Phorbol myristate acetate increases CO production but does not change the catalytic activity of HO-2. Also, the protein kinase C inhibitor 1-(5-isoquinolinylsulfonyl)-2-methylpiperazine has no effect on the HO-2 catalytic activity. Protein tyrosine kinase inhibition reduces HO-2 catalytic activity. Inhibition of protein tyrosine phosphatases increased HO-2 catalytic activity. Therefore, regulation of CO production by cerebral microvessels can include changing heme availability and HO-2 catalytic activity. HO-2 catalytic activity is stimulated by tyrosine phosphorylation.
Real world issues with real-time control of MABEL: A platform for experimental control of bipedal locomotion

This paper describes selected issues with the commissioning and implementation of a real-time control system for an experimental bipedal robot platform named MABEL at the University of Michigan. Real world issues with printed circuit board layout and manufacturing, replacement of third party components, and communication issues associated with the computer control system are discussed. Control system implementation issues such as cable stretching in the hip and knee joint drivetrains, sensor resolution issues, and problems with software implementation related to computer processing speed for control system throughput are also presented. We illustrate solutions to each of these specific issues. In addition to standard troubleshooting processes, several complex concepts that may aid any commissioning and implementation effort are noted. A summary and discussion of future work with the robot conclude the paper.
Preliminary validation of a complex aerospace structure.

A series of modal tests were performed on a complex aerospace structure, consisting of a shell structure with joints and discrete payloads, in order to validate a finite element model of the structure. Modal tests have been performed on individual assemblies followed by model updating using the measured modal data. The final configuration has placed all assemblies together as a complete unit which includes a multitude of joints and interfaces. Frequency response functions (FRFs) were chosen as the validation metric.
Chronic alcohol consumption perturbs the balance between thymus-derived and bone marrow-derived natural killer cells in the spleen

Alcohol consumption reduces peripheral NK cell numbers and compromises NK cell cytolytic activity; however, the underlying mechanism is not understood completely. It was found recently that the peripheral NK cell pool consists largely of bone marrow (BM)-derived and thymus-derived cells, which are phenotypically and functionally different. The effects of alcohol consumption on these subpopulations have not been studied previously. Using a well-established alcohol-feeding model, we found that chronic alcohol consumption decreases the percentage and number of peripheral NK cells, especially those expressing a mature phenotype. Alcohol consumption did not alter NK cells in the thymus. NK cells in the BM were increased significantly; however, proliferation rate was not altered by alcohol consumption, which increased CD127+ and decreased Ly49D+ NK cells in the spleen but not in the BM. Chronic alcohol consumption increased IFN-gamma-producing NK cells and GATA-3 expression in splenic NK cells. Collectively, these results indicate that chronic alcohol consumption perturbs the balance between thymus-derived and BM-derived NK cells. The increased proportion of thymus-derived NK cells in the spleen likely results from impaired NK cell release from the BM.
ANATOMICAL BASIS FOR CONELET ABORTION ON PINUS ECHINATA FOLLOWING FEEDING BY LEPTOGLOSSUS CORCULUS (HEMIPTERA: COREIDAE)

Second-instar nymphs of Leptoglossus corculus (Say) confined to shortleaf pine conelets for only 4 days caused 100% conelet abortion. The bugs fed almost exlusively on the cytoplasm of cells of the nucellar tissue. Feeding in May produced an abscission zone in only a few days and resulted in conelet abscission in less than 2 weeks. Similar ovule destruction, followed by conelet abortion, occurred in late summer after being fed upon by the same instar, but conelet abscission was prevented because of a greater proportion of tracheary elements in the conelet stalks.
The Characteristics of Senior Applicants for Vocational Rehabilitation Services.

Vocational rehabilitation services will experience an increase in the number of applicants who are over 65 years of age in the next 25 years. The nature and severity of disabilities of senior applicants, as well as their motivations for obtaining rehabilitation services, are unclear. Prior research suggests that seniors may use vocational services for the benefits of participation, rather than as a means to obtain employment. Information gathered as a part of the Longitudinal Study of the Vocational Rehabilitation Services Program indicates that employment was the primary objective for senior applicants of the state—federal system of vocational rehabilitation services.
We Want to Play Too

Follow this and additional works at: http://ecommons.udayton.edu/hss_fac_pub Part of the Civil Rights and Discrimination Commons, Disability and Equity in Education Commons, Disability Law Commons, Education Law Commons, Exercise Science Commons, Leisure Studies Commons, Special Education Administration Commons, Special Education and Teaching Commons, Sports Management Commons, Sports Sciences Commons, and the Sports Studies Commons
A High-Resolution Model of the Planetary Boundary Layer—Sensitivity Tests and Comparisons with SESAME-79 Data

A one-dimensional, planetary boundary layer (PBL) model is presented and verified using April 10, 1979 SESAME data. The model contains two modules to account for two different regimes of turbulent mixing. Separate parameterizations are made for stable and unstable conditions, with a predictive slab model for surface temperature. Atmospheric variables in the surface layer are calculated with a prognostic model, with moisture included in the coupled surface/PBL modeling. Sensitivity tests are performed for factors such as moisture availability, albedo, surface roughness, and thermal capacity, and a 24 hr simulation is summarized for day and night conditions. The comparison with the SESAME data comprises three hour intervals, using a time-dependent geostrophic wind. Close correlations were found with daytime conditions, but not in nighttime thermal structure, while the turbulence was faithfully predicted. Both geostrophic flow and surface characteristics were shown to have significant effects on the model predictions
A review on the basics of building energy estimation

Abstract Energy security, environmental concerns, thermal comfort, and economic matters are driving factors for the development of research on reducing energy consumption and the associated greenhouse gas emissions in every sector of the economy. Building energy consumption estimation has become a key approach to achieve the goals on energy consumption and emissions reduction. Energy performance of building is complicated since it depends on multiple variables associated to the building characteristics, equipment and systems, weather, occupants, and sociological influences. This paper aims to provide an up-to-date review on the basics of building energy estimation. Regarding models, a classification for energy estimation models is proposed based on the different classifications found in the literature review. The paper focuses on models developed with whole building energy simulation software and their validation. This focus is justified because of the importance that whole building energy tools have gained on areas such as green building design, and analysis of energy conservation strategies and retrofits. Since a suitable weather file is a major component for reliably simulations, the section about weather data provides pertinent information.
Heat-Assisted Magnetic Recording Air Bearing Simulations That Account for Lateral Air Temperature Variation

Heat assisted magnetic recording (HAMR) is a promising hard disk drive technology to reach 4 Tb/in2 storage densities. However, HAMR introduces significant thermal considerations that must be accounted for in air bearing simulations; the laser spot on the recording bit and heat dissipated into the slider by the laser delivery system result in boundary wall temperatures that are several hundred degrees Celsius above ambient. Since the air bearing film between the slider and disk is non-isothermal, the local air properties should be used in the lubrication equation that governs the pressure generation. A molecular gas lubrication equation for the air bearing that accounts for large temperature variation along the film was previously proposed by Fukui and Kaneko, but it has yet to be applied to a HAMR hard disk drive. This paper explains the generalized lubrication equation and also implements it into a realistic 2D simulation using a production slider with approximate HAMR conditions. The minimum flying height increases substantially, while the pitch and roll are inappreciably affected. Thermal creep flow is negligible compared with Poiseuille and Couette flows, and it can be omitted from consideration. The sensitivity of the read/write transducer would be affected by the large increase in minimum flying height; therefore, the thermal flying height control design process must consider these variations due to thermal variations in the air bearing.
Calibration Of Polarimetric Radar Systems

A practical technique is proposed for calibrating single-antenna polarimetric radar systems using a metal sphere plus any second target with a strong cross-polarized radar cross section. It is shown that all magnitudes and phases (relative to one of the like-polarized linear polarization configurations) of the radar transfer function can be calibrated without knowledge of the scattering matrix of the second target. Comparison of values measured (using this calibration technique) for a tilted cylinder at X-band with theoretical values shows agreement with + or - 0.3 dB in magnitude and + or - 5 deg in phase. The technique is particularly useful for calibrating a radar under field conditions because it does not require careful alignment of calibration targets.
Hydrogen Spillover to Enhance Hydrogen Storage -- Study of the Effect of Carbon Physicochemical Properties

Hydrogen storage in carbon materials can be increased by hydrogen spillover from a supported catalyst; a systematic investigation of various carbon supports was used to better understand how hydrogen spillover affects hydrogen storage on carbon materials. Secondary spillover experiments effectively eliminated experimental variables associated with primary spillover, evidenced by materials clustering around the carbon type for a variety of supported catalyst-carbon mixtures. Providing a supported catalyst to act as a hydrogen source enhances the overall hydrogen uptake of a carbon material; for example, simple mixing of carbon nanotubes with supported palladium increased the uptake of the carbons by a factor of three. However, the baseline adsorption of the carbon was the predominant factor in the magnitude of the overall hydrogen uptake, even when hydrogen spillover was active. Three observations illustrated that a dynamic steady-state model is needed for predictive capacity of hydrogen spillover.
Preliminary Analysis of the Nestedness Patterns of Montane Forest Birds of the Eastern Arc Mountains

ABSTRACT Previous biogeographical studies of forest avifaunal compositions of mountains in the Eastern Arc archipelago have focused primarily on patterns of species richness and die effects of montane area and isolation. This preliminary investigation examines species composition in terms of nestedness patterns for 12 mountains in this archipelago. Twenty-eight forest species (includes five species complexes), most of which are strictly confined to the Eastern Arc Mountains, were used to evaluate the hypothesis that species composition is random with respect to nestedness. Results show that the species ordering is significantly non-random. The discussion and conclusions focus on the nested subset patterns exhibited by 14 species and, to a lesser extent, ‘idiosyncratic’ species and islands. Factors that may have contributed to this pattern include selective extinction and colonisation; however, further work is necessary to elucidate which of these, or other factors, actually contributes to nestedness in Ea...
Syndrome of Inappropriate ADH Secretion

The syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion (SIADH) represents one of the most frequent metabolic disorders encountered in hospitalized patients. The diverse diseases that cause this syndrome, the clinical features, and the criteria for establishing the diagnosis, as well as the therapeutic options for this disorder constitute this chapter.
Tort Liability in the Age of the Helicopter Parent

Discussions of parental liability by courts and legal scholars are often tinged with fear: fear that government interference will chill parental autonomy; fear that parents will be held liable for their children’s every misdeed; and, recently, fear that a new generation of so-called “helicopter parents” who hover over their children’s every move will establish unrealistically high legal standards for parenting. However, in the context of common law suits against parents, these fears are misguided. To the contrary, courts have consistently shielded wealthier parents — those most likely to be defendants in civil suits — from exposure to liability for conduct related to their parenting practices. This Article critically examines the common law of parental (non-) liability, both historically and in light of current cultural trends. Parental liability takes two forms: liability for parents’ harm to their children, and liability of parents for harms caused to others by their children. Individually these subjects have received remarkably little scholarly attention; together they have received none. Yet both types of parental liability are central to ongoing cultural debates about parenting, as well as to current controversies about the role of courts in establishing legal duty. A thorough re-consideration of parental liability is particularly timely in light of the new Restatement (Third) of Torts, which speaks directly to issues that are central to both forms of parental liability. This Article concludes that courts should hold parents to a standard of reasonable care. The American common law’s squeamishness about parental liability is understandable, but unnecessary. Just as helicopter parents overreact to unsubstantiated fears of stranger abduction based on anecdotes and media hype, limits on common law parental liability are overreactions to unsubstantiated fears of collusion, government interference and biased juries. To be sure, aspects of parental liability raise significant concerns, but courts can and should address them narrowly using established tort law principles, without imposing blanket no-duty rules. Juries, in short, should be allowed to judge parents.
A New Species of Peratherium (Didelphidae; Polyprotodonta): The First African Marsupial

A new didelphid marsupial Genus Peratherium from the Oligocene Jebel Qatrani Formation of Egypt is the first recognized metatherian mammal from Africa. The new species is most closely related to Cuisian P. perrierense and Ludien P. cuvieri of Europe, indicating that ancestors of this new species originated on that continent. Both paleogeographic and paleontologic considerations suggest that the immigration of marsupials into Egypt was accomplished during the late Eocene Tethyan regression, but there is no evidence favoring either a direct trans-Tethyan sweepstakes route or a more overland path via the Asian Middle East. Asia is the only remaining continent with no marsupial record.
Venous aneurysms: MR diagnosis with the 'layered gadolinium' sign

OBJECTIVE: Our goal was to present MR findings in venous aneurysms and introduce the "layered gadolinium" sign as an ancillary diagnostic finding. METHOD: Gadolinium-enhanced MR images of three patients with retroperitoneal venous aneurysms were retrospectively reviewed. Prior to MRI, venous aneurysm had been suspected clinically in only one patient. Surgical correlation was available in one patient. A phantom was constructed and imaged to investigate the cause of the layered gadolinium sign. RESULTS: A gradation of signal intensity, the layered gadolinium sign, was observed in three patients with venous aneurysms on postcontrast T1-weighted images. The anterior portion of the aneurysms demonstrated high signal intensity separated by a sharp interface from the low signal intensity posterior region. Unenhanced time-of-flight MR venography, color Doppler, and duplex sonography failed to demonstrate flow in the patient with surgical proof. CONCLUSION: The layered gadolinium sign may be helpful in the diagnosis of venous aneurysm and in differentiating these masses from solid neoplasms.
Comments on Tecumseh Fitch's Nano-intentionality Theory

American philosopher of biology——Tecumseh Fitch challenged Daniel Dennett who insisted on monism claims about derived intentionality.From a perspective of non-adaptionism,he originally proposes this term,nano-intentionality,in order to give an account of eukaryotic organizational mechanism which cannot reduce to downward causation under the force of physics. He attempts to describe the evolutionary trajectory of the mind from the stage of function and development,namely,nano-intentionality,composite intentionality,micro-intentionality and serial awareness,etc. Although Fitch's nano-intentionality theory has made a positive effect on overcoming the drawbacks of traditionally adaptionism paradigm of evolutionary epistemology,conceptual and methodological limitations still need to be clarified.
Comparison of Standard Catheters Versus Radial Artery-Specific Catheter in Patients Who Underwent Coronary Angiography Through Transradial Access.

In this prospective, randomized controlled study, we aim to compare the performance outcomes of standard catheters with the radial artery–specific catheter. Over the past decade, transradial cardiac catheterization has gained widespread popularity because of its low complication rates compared with transfemoral access. Operators have the choice of using either standard catheters (used for both transfemoral and transradial approach, with need for separate catheter use for either right or left coronary artery engagement) or a dedicated radial artery catheter, which is specifically designed to engage both coronary arteries through radial artery access. A total of 110 consecutive patients who underwent coronary angiography at our institution from March 2015 to April 2015 were prospectively randomized to either radial artery–specific Tiger catheter (5Fr; Terumo Interventional Systems, Somerset, New Jersey) versus standard Judkins left and right catheters (5Fr R4, L4; Cordis Corporation, Miami, Florida). The end points of the study included fluoroscopy time, dose-area product, contrast volume used, and total procedure time for the coronary angiography. A total of 57 patients (52%) were randomized to radial artery–specific catheter and 53 (48%) to the standard catheter. Tiger catheter was associated with significantly lower fluoroscopy time (184 ± 91 vs 238 ± 131 seconds, p = 0.015), which was statistically significant. Other outcome measures such as dose-area product (2,882.4 ± 1,471.2 vs 3,524.6 ± 2,111.7 Gy·cm 2 , p = 0.07), total contrast volume (48.1 ± 16.1 vs 53.4 ± 18.5 ml, p = 0.114), and total procedure time (337 ± 382 vs 434 ± 137 seconds, p = 0.085) were also lower in single-catheter group, but it did not reach statistical significance. A total of 8 patients (14%) were crossed over from radial-specific catheter arm to standard catheter arm because of substandard image quality and difficulty in coronary engagement. Six patients had to be switched to femoral access (3 in each group) secondary to radial artery spasm. In conclusion, the radial artery–specific catheter was shown to have significantly lower fluoroscopy times but higher failure rates compared with the standard catheters.
Post Second World War Hungarian Cinema as a Reflection of the Communist Struggle for Power

(2003). Post Second World War Hungarian Cinema as a Reflection of the Communist Struggle for Power. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television: Vol. 23, No. 1, pp. 11-25.
Leverage-based index revisions: The case of Dow Jones Islamic Market World Index

Abstract US firms added to the Dow Jones Islamic Market World Index, a leverage-based index, witness permanent positive price and liquidity effects, whereas excluded firms sustain negative price and liquidity effects but no decrease in the investor awareness. Included/excluded firms experience a significant drop/no change in the cost of equity. Among the deleted firms, those with an increase in debt level bear a more severe decrease in liquidity and institutional ownership, and an increased cost of equity than those firms without an increase in debt use. Conveying private information on changes in a firm's corporate strategy and operating environment, revisions by a leverage-based index are different from those by size-based indexes.
Bernard Malamud, or the Return of the Repressed

Our image of Bernard Malamud is so bound up with certain familiar sentiments concerning conscience and moral accountability that scarcely anyone writes about him without paying tribute to them. Malamud’s books we are repeatedly told, speak for “the possibility of man’s redemption through purgative suffering and selfless love,” or betray a concern with “Love, Mercy (Rachmones), Menschlechkeit” or “probe the animal nature of man, reveal a fearful mistrust of instinctual behavior, and struggle toward an answer in discipline and love.” With the prevailing consensus thus in favor of Malamud’s mission of moral improvement, readers might well wonder whether it would not be more direct to bypass him altogether and proceed directly to the synagogue for the original teachings. Not everyone would rush off to the library for a writer’s books after being told that, as one critic has put it, he “follows in the ancient tradition of the prophets, Amos, Jeremiah, the Second Isaiah who announce suffering to be the Jew’s special destiny, evidence of his unique covenant with God .…” Some might sensibly conclude from such praise that the writer in question was altogether too morally accomplished for them, or too gloomy, and turn instead to Dr. Brothers, who at least is cheerful and reassures us that we can get what we want out of life.
Commercial Queens: Mongolian Khatuns and the Silk Road

Three women dominated the politics and government of the Mongol Empire in the decade of the 1240s. Toregene and Oghul-Qaimish ruled as regents and are credited with corruption and petty politics throughout their regencies, while Sorqoqtani Beki became a paragon of virtue throughout the world for her adherence to the yasa of Chinggis Khan. Curiously, very little attention has been paid to this period to verify the accuracy of the statements. This study examines the role of all three women, but also attempts to place their actions in context, examine their role in commerce and how that affected their activities and their legacies. It argues that while the overall depiction of Toregene and Oghul-Qaimish may not be inaccurate, it overlooks some crucial elements and motives in their actions which also reveal that Sorqoqtani's actions were not as virtuous as the sources state.
Nursing Mothers: Dissenting Women and Opposition Politics

Between 1663 and 1665, informants to Secretary of State, Sir Joseph Williamson, reported on one Mrs. Holmes, living at St. Lawrence Lane, London. Jane Holmes was reputed to be a “great patroness of the worst sort of people.” She consorted with regicides and Rump MPs. She frequented prisons and encouraged those that were in “greatest opposition to the government.” A widow of “great estate,” she spent her money liberally among “those that lie in wait to disturb the peace of the kingdom … and gains with her money from the Church daily and under the pretense of charity corrupts many and wanting people.”2 She was hardly alone. Spy reports in the 1660s are filled with stories about women of various social groups who were thought to be aiding and abetting political opposition to the government. How so? What exactly were these women doing and what made them so dangerous that the government paid informants to spy on their travels, haunts, friends, and neighbors? Not surprisingly, they were doing what women in persecutory societies have often done throughout Western history. They were nurturing the faith and fortifying the faithful by acting as missionaries and organizers, working for the reprieve and release of political and religious prisoners, publishing and distributing sectarian literature, patronizing preachers, supporting nonconformist families in trouble, and more.
Effects of Pooling on R2

This paper considers the behavior of the coefficient of determination (r2) when two data sets are combined or pooled into one set. In particular it is of interest to see, for fixed subset values of r2, the extent to which the pooled r2 value can vary simply as a function of the subsets’ location. Several findings which appear general are discussed, and possible future research directions are suggested.
Antibody passive immunization against veterinary infectious disease

The administration of antibodies for passive immunization against infectious agents has recently received increased attention due its use in human treatment for high consequence diseases (e.g., Ebola). The desire for alternatives to antimicrobial pharmaceutical use in food and companion animals has also sparked interest in this product category for veterinary species. Newtechnologies applied to veterinary passive immunization include host-species origin, chimeric, and ‘veticized’ monoclonal antibodies, as well as plantibodies. However, historic husbandry and veterinary practices, and the availability/low cost of food animal (by-)products, have resulted in continued extensive use of more conventional technologies. Injectable polyclonal serum and immunoglobulin specific for viruses, bacteria and toxins are commercially available. Oral colostrum and related products to treat failure of passive transfer in newborns are used in multiple species. Heterologous-species oral antibodies (including chicken IgY for mammalian use) for prevention of enteric disease is yet another category of product. The wide variety of immunoglobulin sources, species immunized, explicit or implied claims, regulations, and human health impacts for this category of materials provide opportunities for expansion and practical use of comparative immunology information.
Establishing Sustained, Supportive Human-Robot Relationships: Building Blocks and Open Challenges

As social robots become common alongside humans to support a variety of tasks in daily interactions, their establishment of sustained, supportive relationships with humans is essential to their success in reaching intended outcomes. In this paper, we discuss three building blocks — socially intuitive interaction, personalized interaction experience, and long-term interaction — that facilitate the formation of such human-robot relationships, as well as related open challenges.
Functional reactive augmented reality: proof of concept using an extended augmented desktop with swipe interaction

Functional Reactive Programing (FRP) is a new paradigm that has been evolving and used in many different fields, i.e.: robotics, user interface and others. FRP was originally developed as a programming paradigm to handle animation and it has since been used as a replacement for the observer pattern in systems that require order and accuracy when handling large numbers of callbacks. Inaccuracy and ordering issues related to callbacks can negatively affect a user's experience when using a virtual environment (VE). We propose a framework for virtual environments, that we believe will improve the design of them through the use of functional reactive capabilities. As a proof of the concept, we are currently developing a FRP-based augmented desktop system that utilizes multiple virtual and real workspaces and gesture interactions for switching between desktop contexts.
The Case Against Social Validation

The field of applied behavior analysis has seen an increase in the use of what are referred to as social validation procedures (Wolf, 1978; Kazdin, 1977). The development of such measures of social validity has been viewed as important to the field of applied behavior analysis (O'Leary, 1978). Measures of social v alidity determine the extent to which consumers are satisfied with the techniques used in an intervention, and/or the focus of the intervention (Wolf, 1978 ; Kazdin, 1977 will be included under "focus," since the results must be satisfactory in order for the focus to again be chosen.).
Asymmetries in the wake of a submarine model in pitch

Detailed velocity measurements in the wake of a body of revolution are reported for pitch angles up to , over an unprecedented range of Reynolds numbers ( ). The body of revolution, an idealized submarine shape (DARPA SUBOFF), is mounted using a support that mimics a semi-infinite sail. The wake measurements at all pitch angles and Reynolds numbers reveal the presence of a pair of streamwise vortices of unequal strengths which tend to rotate around each other as they evolve downstream. Various attempts to perturb the upstream conditions on the body had no significant impact on the relative strength of the vortices. In addition, two different models, tested in two different wind tunnels, show similar asymmetries, and we propose that wake asymmetry appears to be a robust feature of this flow, a result previously only seen for sharp-nosed bodies at high angles of attack. It is also shown that the wake behaviour for , in terms of the streamwise mean velocity and turbulence intensity distributions, appears to become invariant with Reynolds number for .
“This Was His Georgia”: Polio, Poverty and Public Memory at FDR's Little White House

ABSTRACTFranklin D. Roosevelt is strongly connected to his “Little White House” (LWH) in Warm Springs, Georgia. The sites constituting the LWH articulate a public memory of FDR where Warm Springs is central to understanding the president's character and accomplishments. As a result of these choices the narrative developed at the LWH deflects attention from racism, the state's history of segregation, and FDR's own poor record on civil rights, and it recenters FDR's encounters with polio victims and the White rural poor as central to his transformation into what the site calls a “man of the people” who championed the New Deal. The memory work at this site illuminates the ways in which historical sites are reflections of the politics of those who manage them and indicates the ways in which the past seeps into the present as well as how the present influences our understanding of the past.
Nonremission and time to remission among remitters in major depressive disorder: Revisiting STAR*D.

Background Some individuals with major depressive disorder do not experience a remission even after one or more adequate treatment trials. In some others who experience remission, it happens at variable times. This study sought to estimate the prevalence of nonremission in a large sample of patient participating in the Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) trial and to identify correlates of nonremission and time to remission among remitters. Methods Using data from 3,606 participants of STAR*D, the study used cure regression modeling to estimate nonremission and jointly model correlates of nonremission and time to remission among the remitters. Results Overall, 14.7% of the STAR*D participants were estimated to be nonremitters. Among remitters, the rate of remission declined over time. Greater severity, poorer physical health, and poor adherence with treatments were associated with both nonremission and a longer time to remission among the remitters in multivariable analyses, whereas unemployment, not having higher education, and longer duration of current episode were uniquely associated with nonremission; whereas, treatment in specialty mental health settings, poorer mental health functioning, and greater impairment in role functioning with a longer time to remission among remitters. Conclusion Poor treatment adherence and poor physical health appear to be common risk factors for both nonremission and longer time to remission, highlighting the importance of integrated care models that address both medical and mental healthcare needs and interventions aimed at improving treatment adherence.
The Complement System

Abstract In this chapter, we introduce the complement system, the three main activation pathways and the terminal pathway, as well as discuss the history of complement discovery.
Trends in Insurance Status Among Patients Diagnosed With Cancer Before and After Implementation of the Affordable Care Act

Purpose:The Affordable Care Act (ACA) aimed to increase insurance coverage through key provisions such as expansion of Medicaid eligibility and enforcement of an individual mandate. The objective of this study is to examine the impact of the ACA on insurance rates among patients newly diagnosed with colon, lung, or breast cancer.Methods:Using the SEER database, patients younger than age 65 years diagnosed with colon, lung, or breast cancer between 2008 and 2014 were identified. Insurance rates were examined before versus after passage of the ACA (2011) and before (2011 to 2013) versus after (2014) Medicaid expansion in nine expansion states and five nonexpansion states. Difference-in-differences models were used to estimate the differential impact of ACA in expansion compared with nonexpansion states.Results:A total of 414,085 patients with known insurance status were diagnosed with colon, lung, or breast cancer between 2008 and 2014. For all cancer types, there was a significant increase in patients enro...
MODELING RECRUITMENT/DERECRUITMENT

Recruitment and derecruitment (R/D) of airways is known to significantly influence mechanical properties of the respiratory system during artificial ventilation, particularly in states of lung injury. The prevailing view of this phenomenon treats airway R/D as a static function of pressure. Recent experimental and clinical data suggests that this is not the case, but rather that R/D is an inherently dynamic process. In order to quantitatively assess the dynamics of lung recruitment during mechanical ventilation we extended a mathematical model by Bates and Irvin (9) for the purpose of fitting experimental data. The model of the lung consists of a parallel network of flow pathways with identical resistive and elastic elements. Each pathway is allowed to be either open, whereby it accumulates flow and decreases overall lung stiffness, or closed, increasing lung elastance and not participating in ventilation. The pathways are characterized by unique critical closing and opening pressures, and opening and closing velocities, each chosen from probability distribution functions. The rate of transition between an open and closed state depends on the magnitude difference between the pressure in the respiratory system and each unit’s critical pressure times the airway’s opening or closing velocity constant. Since the exact form of the pressure dependence governing recruitment and derecruitment remains unknown we explored four model variants to predict how opening or closing behavior is altered in injury. The lung model was coupled with a computational model of a mechanical ventilator in order to simulate elastance changes following deep inflation (DI) at three levels of Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP). Elastance measurements came from healthy or lung injured mice at 4, 14, 24 or 48 hours following intratracheal instillation of saline (control) or hydrochloric acid (injury). The Nelder and Mead simplex optimization method was used to minimize error between model variants and average experimental elastance for each condition. By comparing the residual error of the fits for each model, we have demonstrated that only one variant was able to recreate both the transient response to deep inflations and the response to static PEEP. In fitting the best model to data from individual mice we obtained estimates for parameters governing opening and closing behavior. Statistics and model sensitivity were determined for each parameter in every experimental condition. Comparison of parameter values between groups revealed a significant increase in closing and opening pressures from health to injury, which worsened with increasing injury severity. The progressive increase in critical pressures as injury worsens implicates surfactant deactivation as the likely cause of increased propensity for airway closing during acute lung injury.
Modeling Multipath Dispersion

The focus of the previous two chapters was design; chapter 2 examined optics design, and chapter 3 examined electronics design. In contrast, this chapter investigates the properties of the wireless infrared channel itself, over which the designer has no control. Specifically, we examine the severity of multipath dispersion in typical indoor environments, and assess its effect on system performance. We present a recursive method for calculating the impulse response of a room with Lambertian reflectors [57][58]. The method, which accounts for multiple reflections of any order, enables accurate analysis of the effects of multipath dispersion on high-speed indoor optical communication. We present a simple algorithm for computer implementation of the technique. We present computer simulation results for both line-of-sight and diffuse transmitter configurations.Inboth cases we find that reflections of multiple order are a significant source of intersymbol interference. We also describe experimental measurements of optical multipath, which help verify the accuracy of our simulations.
Future Agricultural Animals: The Need for Biotechnology

Agricultural animals, by definition, must have utility. There are dozens of desirable agricultural phenotypes, even within a species, and they vary according to the hundreds of agricultural environments on our planet. In the course of domestication and husbandry of animals, phenotypes have continually evolved, a process that has accelerated over the past century. Specifying desirable phenotypes of future farm animals has become exceedingly complex and now includes characteristics such as carbon footprint, minimization of greenhouse gases, and modifying methods and products to adapt to wants of consumers and activists, many of whom have no connection with agriculture.
History, literature, and philosophy: A systematic review of positive functioning

ABSTRACTThe humanities are instrumental to human development and happiness and are an integral part of our lives. However, a lack of empirical research limits our current understanding of the role ...
Factors Associated With Continuous Improvement by Local Boards of Health.

BACKGROUND The continuous improvement function, 1 of the 6 public health governance functions, can be usefully applied in the context of local boards of health (LBoHs) operations to target self-improvements. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to determine the engagement level of LBoHs in continuous improvement efforts and to identify factors associated with this function. METHODS Negative binomial regression was performed to analyze data from the 2015 Local Board of Health National Profile. The LBoH taxonomy was used as the guiding model. The taxonomy includes 6 governance functions as structural domains and LBoHs' characteristics and strengths as the central or seventh domain. RESULTS For the 17 items that comprise the continuous improvement domain, the mean of the dichotomous responses was 4.97 (SD = 3.41). The negative binomial regression analysis showed that the overall summary scale for the other 5 governance domains and the LBoHs' other strengths domain had a significant positive association with the governance domain continuous improvement domain (incidence rate ratio [IRR] = 1.05, P < .001). The 5 individual scales for the governance domains also had significant positive associations with the continuous improvement domain, which included the governance functions of policy development (IRR = 1.13, P < .001), resource stewardship (IRR = 1.18, P < .001), legal authorization (IRR = 1.09, P < .001, partnership engagement (IRR = 1.12, P < .001), and oversight (IRR = 1.29, P < .001). The scale for other characteristics and strengths also showed positive association with continuous improvement (IRR = 1.14, P < .001). CONCLUSION The findings of this study revealed that there was room for improvement in LBoHs' engagement in the continuous improvement governance function. The results also identified other governance functions and LBoHs' characteristics as factors associated with their continuous improvement.
Status of teaching certificate programs offered by US colleges and schools of pharmacy

Abstract Purpose Teaching certificate programs have been developed by US colleges and schools of pharmacy to provide organized instruction for pharmacy residents seeking competence in classroom teaching or clinical precepting. The objective of this study is to appraise current status of teaching certificate programs offered by US colleges and schools of pharmacy. Methods A survey instrument was developed and sent to pharmacy practice department chairs/vice chairs at 132 US colleges/schools of Pharmacy. In addition, data collection was conducted by visiting websites of 132 colleges and schools of pharmacy. Descriptive statistics and content analysis methods were used for data analysis. Results Out of 132 pharmacy schools surveyed, 69 schools reported offering teaching certificate programs for pharmacy residents. The programs enroll Post-Graduate Year 1 (PGY1) and Post-Graduate Year 2 (PGY2) residents, fellows, preceptors, and faculty. These programs utilize longitudinal, concentrated, or combination of both experiences. While various teaching activities are required by all 69 programs, the requirements for attending seminar, research design, project and grant proposal writing were reported by 62%, 12%, and 0.07% of the reported programs, respectively. Programs were found to offer seminars on various topics such as teaching or pedagogical methodologies, assessment of student learning, and development of teaching portfolios. The national guidelines and recommendations are not fully met by the existing teaching certificate programs. With a total enrollment of 2,596 residents in 34 teaching certificate programs, since their inception, the overall completion rate was 91%. This study identifies a number of challenges including financial resources to develop a quality program. Data provided by 14 teaching certificate programs demonstrate that 33% of the graduates have accepted full-time faculty positions. Conclusion Our study has identified teaching certificate programs that provide residents with opportunities for formal instruction and development of skills that can help prepare them for a faculty position. This study may assist colleges and schools of pharmacy that are planning to develop such programs for pharmacy residents and fellows.
Developing Information Technology Fluency in College Students: An Investigation of Learning Environments and Learner Characteristics.

The confluence of powerful technologies of computers and network connectivity has brought explosive growth to the field of Information Technology (IT). The problem presented in this study is whether the type of learning environment where IT concepts are taught to undergraduates has a relationship to the development of IT fluency and course satisfaction. The literature suggested that, if learning environments based on constructivist learning strategies were used, students would achieve IT fluency as well as those who studied in a traditional setting but they might be more satisfied.
Photobiomodulation for traumatic brain injury in mouse models

Abstract Photobiomodulation (PBM) has been used to treat several different animal models of traumatic brain injury, employing various PBM regimens and different assays for measuring cognitive function. This chapter will briefly summarize studies from other laboratories and cover in more detail several studies from the Hamblin laboratory.
Combined Thoracoscopy and Bronchoscopy for Airway Foreign Body Retrieval

Abstract Introduction: Foreign body aspiration is one of the most common medical emergencies in the pediatric group.1 Peanuts, seeds, food particles, hardware, and pieces of toys are the most frequ...
Mixing-Driven Mean Flows and Submesoscale Eddies over Mid-Ocean Ridge Flanks and Fracture Zone Canyons

AbstractTo close the abyssal overturning circulation, dense bottom water has to become lighter by mixing with lighter water above. This diapycnal mixing is strongly enhanced over rough topography i...
Deep adversarial network for super stimulated emission depletion imaging

Stimulated emission depletion (STED), as one of the emerging super-resolution techniques, defines a state-of-the-art image resolution method. It has been developed into a universal fluorescent imaging tool over the past several years. The currently best available lateral resolution offered by STED is around 20 nm, but in real live cell imaging applications, the regular resolution offered through this mechanism is around 100 nm, limited by phototoxicity. Many critical biological structures are below this resolution level. Hence, it will be invaluable to improve the STED resolution through postprocessing techniques. We propose a deep adversarial network for improving the STED resolution significantly, which takes an STED image as an input, relies on physical modeling to obtain training data, and outputs a “self-refined” counterpart image at a higher resolution level. In other words, we use the prior knowledge on the STED point spread function and the structural information about the cells to generate simulated labeled data pairs for network training. Our results suggest that 30-nm resolution can be achieved from a 60-nm resolution STED image, and in our simulation and experiments, the structural similarity index values between the label and output result reached around 0.98, significantly higher than those obtained using the Lucy–Richardson deconvolution method and a state-of-the-art UNet-based super-resolution network.