cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research of super high pressure generator

In national defense engineering,the design of piping and valve must meet the requirement of enduring super high pressure.To test their pressure enduring performance,the super high pressure generator,designed to produce blast wave pressure up to 20-30 MPa,was introduced.The generator is made of materials of high strength by means of forging and welding.It includes three parts: main body,back cover and pressure-testing loop,and its structure is well designed to ensure the uniformity of blast pressure and convenient output juncture.Experiment and practical applications of the generator prove that it possesses stable and excellent performance that exceeds the design target.
Design and Implementation of General Purpose Data Exchange System

In view of the flexible and variable data exchange demand in power enterprises,the design idea,architecture and implementation of the general purpose data exchange system are discussed.Based on the infrastructure of the PI3000 platform,the general purpose data exchange system adopts a 3-tier service-oriented-architecture to facilitate use of the Web Services for data exchange by other application systems.The system adopts a component-based framework with good scalability to support different types and formats of data exchange and secondary development that meets the demand of complex and specific data exchange.
The International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA): 1976 to the present

The origins of the International Committee for Future Accelerators (ICFA) are described, together with its role in the particle physics community; also discussed are some of its past and current ma...
GSM Security II.

Mobility of users, transmission of signals through open-air, the requirement of low power consumption by mobile users and smaller data storage area limitation in mobile equipment make mobile wireless networks more vulnerable to security threats like eavesdropping and unauthorized access. This paper proposes a new set of security protocols to enhance the access and data security features of GSM mobile networks. These protocols are based on the Elliptic Curve DiffieHellman key agreement scheme and modified to be used in mobile environments.
Magic in Die Mörin by Hermann von Sachsenheim (1453)

This paper examines the concept of ›magic‹ in the narrative context of Hermann von Sachsenheim’s Die Morin. Composed in 1453 by a man with extensive legal knowledge and experience, Die Morin is a detailed and highly realistic account of a trial involving participants of similar class standing but divided by religion, gender, and race. I show how ›magic‹, a major theme in the text, comes into conflict with the notion of due process in the law. Magical knowledge, however, is not taboo or criminalized in Hermann’s legal imagination but functions as an object of exchange among participants across social divisions to create common interests in the context of litigation. I close with a look at a passage that appears to depict the practice of love magic and thus preserves in poetry a ritual that would be difficult to document in non literary sources of the period.
Role of matrix metalloproteinase-8 as a mediator of injury in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion

Acute mesenteric ischemia is associated with high morbidity and mortality. In recent studies, we found that the intestine is an important source of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)8 during intestinal injury. We hypothesized that genetic ablation or pharmacological inhibition of MMP8 would reduce intestinal injury in mice subjected to intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury. Male mice aged 8-12 wk were subjected to intestinal I/R injury by transient occlusion of the superior mesenteric artery for 30 min. MMP8 was inhibited by genetic and pharmacological approaches. In vivo study endpoints included several functional, histological, and biochemical assays. Intestinal sections were assessed for barrier function and expression of tight junction proteins. I/R injury led to increased intestinal and systemic expression of MMP8. This increase was associated with increased intestinal neutrophil infiltration, epithelial injury, and permeability. I/R injury was associated with increased systemic inflammation and weight loss. These parameters were ameliorated by inhibiting MMP8. I/R injury caused a loss of the tight junction protein claudin-3, which was ameliorated by genetic ablation of MMP8. MMP8 plays an important role in intestinal I/R injury through mechanisms involving increased inflammation and loss of claudin-3. Inhibition of MMP8 is a potential therapeutic strategy in this setting.-Daly, M. C., Atkinson, S. J., Varisco, B. M., Klingbeil L., Hake, P., Lahni, P., Piraino, G., Wu, D., Hogan, S. P., Zingarelli, B., Wong, H. R. Role of matrix metalloproteinase-8 as a mediator of injury in intestinal ischemia and reperfusion.
Numerical Version of the Non-Uniform Method for Finding Point Estimates of Uncertain Scaling Constants

The chapter focuses on the analysis of scaling constants when constructing a utility function over multi-dimensional prizes. Due to fuzzy rationality, those constants are elicited in an interval form. It is assumed that the decision maker has provided additional information describing the uncertainty of the scaling constants' values within their uncertainty interval. The non-uniform method is presented to find point estimates of the interval scaling constants and to test their unit sum. An analytical solution of the procedure to construct the distribution of the interval scaling constants is provided, along with its numerical realization. A numerical procedure to estimate p -value of the statistical test is also presented. The method allows making an uncertainty description of constants through different types of probability distributions and fuzzy sets.
Chapter 15 Dynamics of lipoprotein transport in the circulatory system

Publisher Summary The plasma lipoproteins are soluble complexes of lipids with specialized proteins, and the main function of these lipoproteins is to deliver lipids through the plasma and lymph to the cells, which utilize or store them. This chapter describes lipoprotein lipase and the initial metabolism of lipoprotein triacylglycerol, hepatic triacylglycerol lipase and the later metabolism of lipoprotein triacylglycerol, lecithin: cholesterol acyltransferase and the initial metabolism of lipoprotein cholesterol, and cholesteryl ester transfer protein and the later metabolism of lipoprotein cholesterol. The main physiological change that affects all aspects of plasma lipoprotein metabolism, and in particular the dynamics of plasma triacylglycerol metabolism, is the reiterative cycling among fasting, postprandial, and postabsorptive states that characterizes the metabolism of animals that eat intermittently. The mechanism for the transfer of free cholesterol between cell surfaces and plasma lipoproteins is very complex and shows considerable specificity among lipoprotein acceptors and is very dependent upon cell membrane architecture. This complexity stems from the need to regulate substrate supply and lipid content in different tissues of the same organism whose needs are continually modified under changing physiological conditions.
Approximate cluster synchronization in networks with symmetries and parameter mismatches

We study cluster synchronization in networks with symmetries in the presence of small generic parametric mismatches of two different types: mismatches affecting the dynamics of the individual uncoupled systems and mismatches affecting the network couplings. We perform a stability analysis of the nearly synchronous cluster synchronization solution and reduce the stability problem to a low-dimensional form. We also show how under certain conditions the low dimensional analysis can be used to predict the overall synchronization error, i.e., how close the individual nearly synchronous trajectories are to each other.
Towards a Scalable and Write-Free Multi-version Checkpointing Scheme in Solid State Drives

Flash memory based solid state drives (SSDs) are widely adopted in mobile devices, PCs and data centers, making their reliability critical. Although periodically creating checkpoints is a well-developed technique for traditional hard disk drives, very few work has exploited the unique properties of SSDs to accelerate checkpoint creation and reduce storage cost. More specifically, the remap-on-write property of SSD creates a trail of multiple versions of data, which can be exploited to create multiple checkpoints without engendering extra writes. However, efficiently managing the metadata to support multiple checkpoints is challenging. In this paper, we propose a low storage cost and high performance scheme to support multiple checkpoints in SSDs. Instead of storing a log-based snapshot of the entire Flash Translation Layer (FTL) per checkpoint, we efficiently keep track of the changes to the FTL across multiple checkpoints, thus accelerating the creation, deletion, and activation of checkpoints within minimum storage overhead and minimum impact on regular SSD operations. Experiments on Microsoft real-world benchmarks confirm the advantage of the proposed scheme over a fully snapshot scheme in terms of storage and performance overhead.
Sensitivity of Antarctic sea ice to the Southern Annular Mode in coupled climate models

We assess the sea ice response to Southern Annular Mode (SAM) anomalies for pre-industrial control simulations from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP5). Consistent with work by Ferreira et al. (J Clim 28:1206–1226, 2015. doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-14-00313.1), the models generally simulate a two-timescale response to positive SAM anomalies, with an initial increase in ice followed by an eventual sea ice decline. However, the models differ in the cross-over time at which the change in ice response occurs, in the overall magnitude of the response, and in the spatial distribution of the response. Late twentieth century Antarctic sea ice trends in CMIP5 simulations are related in part to different modeled responses to SAM variability acting on different time-varying transient SAM conditions. This explains a significant fraction of the spread in simulated late twentieth century southern hemisphere sea ice extent trends across the model simulations. Applying the modeled sea ice response to SAM variability but driven by the observed record of SAM suggests that variations in the austral summer SAM, which has exhibited a significant positive trend, have driven a modest sea ice decrease. However, additional work is needed to narrow the considerable model uncertainty in the climate response to SAM variability and its implications for 20th–21st century trends.
ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction, systems of care. An urgent need for policies to co-ordinate care in order to decrease in-hospital mortality

Abstract Background Regional trends for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treatment is not known in the state of Nevada. Hypothesis Great disparity exists for treatment for STEMI in different geographical areas of Nevada. There is a great potential to improve treatment and outcomes of STEMI patients in the State of Nevada. Methods Admissions to non-federal hospitals in the state of Nevada, using 2011 to 2013 discharge data from the Nevada State Inpatient Data Base (acquired from Healthcare Cost and Utilization Project, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality), were analyzed. Outpatient-onset STEMI patients were identified. The state of Nevada was divided into three divisions based on population densities, defined as population per square mile. Division A included counties with population density of 200 per square mile. Trends in use of STEMI-related therapies and the impact on in-hospital mortality rates were compared. Results Almost 20% of the patients with outpatient-onset STEMI do not get any STEMI-related therapy and have significantly higher mortality rate. Patients from Division A do not have direct access to percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) centers. These patients receive less STEMI-related therapies. Low-volume PCI centers had equivalent mortality rates for STEMI patients who got PCI, compared to high-volume PCI centers. Conclusions Policies must be created and processes streamlined so all STEMI patients in Nevada receive appropriate treatment.
Peptide B targets soluble guanylyl cyclase α1 and kills prostate cancer cells

Among androgen-regulated genes, soluble guanylyl cyclase α1 (sGCα1) is significant in promoting the survival and growth of prostate cancer cells and does so independent of nitric oxide (NO) signaling. Peptides were designed targeting sGCα1 to block its pro-cancer functions and one peptide is discussed here. Peptide B-8R killed both androgen-dependent and androgen-independent prostate cancer cells that expressed sGCα1, but not cells that do not express this gene. Peptide B-8R induced apoptosis of prostate cancer cells. Importantly, Peptide B-8R does not affect nor its cytotoxicity depend on NO signaling, despite the fact that it associates with sGCα1, which dimerizes with sGCβ1 to form the sGC enzyme. Just as with a previously studied Peptide A-8R, Peptide B-8R induced elevated levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in prostate cancer cells, but using a ROS-sequestering agent showed that ROS was not responsible the cytotoxic activity of Peptide B-8R. Interestingly, Peptide B-8R induced elevated levels of p53 and phosphorylated p38, but neither of these changes is the cause of the peptide's cytotoxicity. Additional drugs were used to alter levels of iron levels in cells and these studies showed that Peptide B-8R activity does not depend on Ferroptosis. Thus, future work will be directed at defining the mechanism of cytotoxic action of Peptide B-8R against prostate cancer cells.
Citizen Science for Dissolved Oxygen Monitoring: Case Studies from Georgia and Rhode Island

Abstract Citizen science is emerging as an increasingly viable way to support existing water monitoring efforts. This article assesses whether water quality data collected by large numbers of volunteers are as reliable as data collected under strict oversight of a government agency, and considers the potential of citizen science to expand spatial and temporal coverage of water monitoring networks. The analysis hinges on comparison of data on water temperature and dissolved oxygen (DO) in freshwater streams and rivers collected by four entities: the United States Geological Survey (USGS) network of field scientists, the USGS network of automated sensors, the Georgia Adopt-A-Stream volunteer water monitoring program, and the University of Rhode Island Watershed Watch (URIWW) volunteer water monitoring program. We find that volunteer-collected data exhibit the expected relationship between temperature and DO. Furthermore, we find that volunteer- and USGS-collected data lie in roughly the same range, although...
Ionization of Atoms by Antiproton Impact

The theory of the ionization of atoms by antiproton impact is superficially similar to that for ionization by electron impact, indeed one of the possible time reversed processes is the ionization of protonium by electron impact. The large mass of the antiproton relative to the electron introduces key differences which have emerged in quantitative calculations. We have employed the advanced adiabatic approximation to compute ionization and protonium formation. Results are compared with classical trajectory Monte Carlo calculations.
"Implementation of Community-Based Experiential Learning: Challenges, Opportunities, and Insights"

This symposium showcases the process of integrating and implementing community-based experiential learning in post-secondary education, offering insights from multiple perspectives including the in...
Youth victimization profiles and change in mental health symptoms over one year.

OBJECTIVE To understand how youth PTSD symptoms and externalizing problems emerge and change over time for youth with different profiles of victimization, including polyvictimization. METHOD We conducted a latent class analysis (LCA) to identify empirically derived victimization profiles in a sample of 2,776 youth who participated in an evaluation study. We then conducted growth curve analyses to determine whether these victimization profiles predicted change in the course of PTSD symptoms and externalizing problems over a 1-year time period for youth engaged in a variety of community-based services. RESULTS The LCA revealed three profiles: a low victimization profile defined by relatively low endorsement of victimization across types; a witnessing profile defined by particularly high endorsement of witnessing violence; and a polyvictimization profile defined by high endorsement of multiple types of victimization. We found that overall, despite differing initial levels of PTSD symptoms and externalizing problems, all three groups' symptoms improved over the year, but the polyvictimization class generally showed the steepest decreases, particularly in caregiver-reported PTSD symptoms. CONCLUSION Polyvictimized youth participating in community-based services are at increased risk for developing PTSD and externalizing problems, but symptoms appear to decrease to levels similar to other victimized youth after one year. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
Criteria for judging the credibility of children's statements about their sexual abuse

One hundred and three cases of child sexual maltreatment, where offenders confessed to some level of their abuse, were examined to determine the extent to which the children's statements about their victimization contained three widely accepted clinical criteria of a true sexual abuse allegation. The results support clinical assumptions that the criteria in question were valid ones for determining the truth of a sexual abuse allegation in cases involving confessions of abusers. Language: en
Traumatic Rupture of the Testicle and a Review of the Literature

AbstractA case of bilateral rupture of the testicle not occurring simultaneously and 3 additional cases of unilateral rupture of the testicle, including the second reported case of an epididymal tear, are reported. A review of the literature indicates that early exploration results in more surgical repairs of the injured testicle and less orchiectomies. The right side is ruptured slightly more often than the left side and the tear is usually transverse in the tunica albuginea. The diagnosis of hematocele should be made only after surgical exploration is performed and no rupture is noted.
Introduction: On the Absence of Geometry from Morphometrics

Let me refer to the craft of measuring biological objects and phenomena as biometrics. In this century there have been three great methodological inventions indigenous to biometrics, not borrowed from outsiders. The analysis of variance, whose basic tenets Ronald Fishei laid down to make easier the task of inference from biological experiments, has been transmuted into a powerful generalization, the General Linear Model, and applied in virtually all fields of scholarship. It is now considered a proper branch of statistics, and its roots are lost sight of. Population genetics was formalized by Fisher, Sewall Wright, J. B. S. Haldane, and others, beginning in the 1920s, as a mathematical framework for discussion of populations of genes changing over time. It has become entwined (in barbarized version) in the current debates over I.Q. and in the technique of path analysis lately popular in the social sciences. Quantitative phyletics is relatively new and not so much the creation of famous innovators. It has arisen to guide construction of the most crucial formalism in modern evolutionary theory, the cladogram or chart of evolutionary relationships, out of the chaos of contemporary and surviving data.
Laboratory Processing of Specimens

Although not always the first topic discussed when preparing for a bioemergency, the availability of a competent clinical laboratory is vital for the optimal care of a patient with a risk group 4 (RG-4) high-consequence pathogen. The recent development of highly specialized facilities in the United States to assess and treat patients with highly hazardous communicable diseases has led to the design of dedicated laboratories or the redesign of laboratory space to safely process and test specimens that might contain one of these pathogens. For frontline and other acute care facilities to be prepared, safety practices need to be assessed and reviewed as necessary as pertaining to all laboratory activities, to include the pre-analytical (specimen collection and processing), analytical (specimen testing), and post-analytical (specimen disposal/waste management and reporting) processes. Laboratorians and administrative personnel need to consider the risks in handling specimens containing these pathogens and subsequently develop or revise processes to mitigate risks. In addition, issues such as scalability to handle large volume testing, the availability of trained staff, and long-term sustainability to meet the requirements of regulatory agencies need to be adopted within a fiscally responsible budget setting. This chapter provides generalized information on how clinical laboratories, from those supporting small frontline medical facilities to highly specialized laboratories supporting acute care treatment centers, can safely manage specimens from a patient known or potentially infected with a high-consequence pathogen.
Future Research Directions, Including Clinical Trials

Approximately 850,000 new cases of cancer are diagnosed in the United States each year, with 450,000 annual deaths attributed to this disease. For several decades, it has become increasingly apparent that most cancer is caused or promoted by lifestyle and environmental factors and that only a fraction of cancer is completely genetic in origin. Some genetic or susceptibility factors must be involved because most people similarly exposed to environmental factors do not develop cancer. Today, however, research data support the estimate that lifestyle and environmental factors are related to the development of roughly 80% of cancer incidence and, therefore, support the conclusion that most cancer is theoretically preventable. The prevention component of cancer control refers to the lowering of cancer incidence and, thus, cancer mortality by changes in those lifestyle and environmental factors that influence the occurrence and progression of cancer.
Impact of Single and Multiple Injection Slot Locations for Attached-Die and Detached-Die Tapered Resin Injection Pultrusion:

This study compares the performances of the detached-die with the attached-die resin injection chamber configurations for pultrusion manufacturing. The impact of geometric design parameters (axial ...
Benefits of focus group discussions beyond online surveys in course evaluations by medical students in the United States: a qualitative study

In addition to online questionnaires, many medical schools use supplemental evaluation tools such as focus groups to evaluate their courses. Although some benefits of using focus groups in program evaluation have been described, it is unknown whether these in-person data collection methods provide sufficient additional information beyond online evaluations to justify them. In this study we analyze recommendations gathered from student evaluation team (SET) focus group meetings and analyzed whether these items were captured in open-ended comments within the online evaluations. Our results indicate that online evaluations captured only 49% of the recommendations identified via SETs. Surveys to course directors identified that 74% of the recommendations exclusively identified via the SETs were implemented within their courses. Our results indicate that SET meetings can provide information not easily captured in online evaluations and that these recommendations result in actual course changes.
(Z)-2-(2,4-Di­methoxy­benzyl­idene)-1-aza­bi­cyclo­[2.2.2]­octan-3-ol

The title compound, C16H21NO3, crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c. The 2,4-di­methoxy­phenyl ring is twisted by −39.8 (2)° with respect to the plane of the double bond connected to the aza­bicyclic ring system. In addition to intermolecular hydrogen bonding, mol­ecules are held together in the solid state by van der Waals interactions.
Improving our understanding of the relationship between emotional abuse and substance use disorders: the mediating roles of negative urgency and posttraumatic stress disorder.

AbstractBackground: Emotional abuse is associated with an increased risk for substance use disorders (SUDs) as well as with negative urgency and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following a sub...
Aptitude-Achievement Discrepancy Scores: Accuracy in Analysis Ignored

The results of the study I reported in this issue indicated that practitioners have difficulty analyzing discrepancy scores accurately, thus calling into question the reliability of decisions based...
Deep white matter analysis (DeepWMA): Fast and consistent tractography segmentation

White matter tract segmentation, i.e. identifying tractography fibers (streamline trajectories) belonging to anatomically meaningful fiber tracts, is an essential step to enable tract quantification and visualization. In this study, we present a deep learning tractography segmentation method (DeepWMA) that allows fast and consistent identification of 54 major deep white matter fiber tracts from the whole brain. We create a large-scale training tractography dataset of 1 million labeled fiber samples, and we propose a novel 2D multi-channel feature descriptor (FiberMap) that encodes spatial coordinates of points along each fiber. We learn a convolutional neural network (CNN) fiber classification model based on FiberMap and obtain a high fiber classification accuracy of 90.99% on the training tractography data with ground truth fiber labels. Then, the method is evaluated on a test dataset of 597 diffusion MRI scans from six independently acquired populations across genders, the lifespan (1 day - 82 years), and different health conditions (healthy control, neuropsychiatric disorders, and brain tumor patients). We perform comparisons with two state-of-the-art tract segmentation methods. Experimental results show that our method obtains a highly consistent tract segmentation result, where on average over 99% of the fiber tracts are successfully identified across all subjects under study, most importantly, including neonates and patients with space-occupying brain tumors. We also demonstrate good generalization of the method to tractography data from multiple different fiber tracking methods. The proposed method leverages deep learning techniques and provides a fast and efficient tool for brain white matter segmentation in large diffusion MRI tractography datasets.
Teachers' Decision-Making about Place-Based Education and State Testing

This qualitative study examined the effects of a high-stakes, standardized test on teachers' instructional planning at a rural school. The research addressed this question: How do mandated curricular standards affect teachers' instructional planning and content selection? Ethnographic interviews (Creswell, 1998) examined four secondary teachers' perceptions of the effects of high-stakes standardized tests on their work. Case study methodology (Yin, 1994) guided the analysis of the data. Each participant had several years' experience teaching at Mollusk Island School, and each teacher had previously included place-based lessons (e.g. environmental studies, cultural history) in his/her repertoire. Ultimately, the study explored how a community maintenance function of small rural schools might be affected by state legislation for standardized accountability. Special thanks to Dr. Daniel P. Hallahan, Chair, Department of Curriculum, Instruction, and Special Education, Curry School of Education, University of Virginia, for assistance in funding the researcher's access to Mollusk Island School.
Advanced Applications using Bio-Inspired Optimization Algorithms for Adaptive Digital Filters Designed with FIR and IIR Lattice-Ladder Structures

Recently published results demonstrated that the Levy Flight Firefly Algorithm (LFFA) can be effectively applied to IIR adaptive filter structures designed with parallel or cascade second order sections. Recently published results also demonstrated that the LFFA can be effectively used for IIR adaptive filters designed with second order coupled form sections. This paper now proposes that bio-inspired optimization algorithms can be applied to FIR and IIR adaptive lattice-ladder structures, which have been well known throughout the literature for many past decades. Experimental results are presented to demonstrate that the LFFA performs effectively on several different types of adaptive lattice-ladder structures.
Apoptotic Cells May Drive Cell Death in Hair Follicles During their Regression Cycle

Abstract Intravital microscopy in live mice have shown that the elimination of epithelial cells during hair follicle regression involves supra-basal cell differentiation and basal cell apoptosis through synergistic action of TGF-β (transforming growth factor) and mesenchymal-epithelial interactions. In this process the basal epithelial cells are not internally committed to death and the mesenchymal dermal papilla (DP) plays essential role in death induction. Because the DP cells are not necessary for completion of the cycle but only for its initiation it is still an open question what is the mechanism leading to the propagation of apoptosis towards the “immortal” stem cell population. Here, we use a quantitative analysis of the length of hair follicles during their regression cycle. The data is consistent with a propagation mechanism driven by apoptotic cells inducing apoptosis in their neighboring cells. The observation that the apoptosis slows down as the apoptotic front approaches the stem cells at the end of the follicle is consistent with a gradient of a pro-survival signal sent by these stem cells. An experiment that can falsify this mechanism is proposed.
Primary sclerosing cholangitis

Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is a rare chronic cholestatic liver disease characterized by inflammatory destruction of the intrahepatic and/or extrahepatic bile ducts, leading to bile stasis, fibrosis, and ultimately to cirrhosis, and often requires liver transplantation (LT). PSC occurs more commonly in men, and is typically diagnosed between the ages of 30 and 40. Most cases occur in association with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), which often precedes the development of PSC. PSC is usually diagnosed after detection of cholestasis during health evaluation or screening of patients with IBD. When symptomatic, the most common presenting symptoms are abdominal pain, pruritus, jaundice or fatigue. The etiology of PSC is poorly understood, but an increasing body of evidence supports the concept of cholangiocyte injury as a result of environmental exposure and an abnormal immune response in genetically susceptible individuals. PSC is a progressive disease, yet no effective medical therapy for halting disease progression has been identified. Management of PSC is mainly focused on treatment of symptoms and addressing complications. PSC can be complicated by bacterial cholangitis, dominant strictures (DSs), gallbladder polyps and adenocarcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) and, in patients with IBD, colorectal malignancy. CCA is the most common malignancy in PSC with a cumulative lifetime risk of 10-20%, and accounts for a large proportion of mortality in PSC. LT is currently the only life-extending therapeutic approach for eligible patients with end-stage PSC, ultimately required in approximately 40% of patients. LT secondary to PSC has an excellent outcome compared to other LT indications, although the disease can recur and result in morbidity post-transplant.
Radio Observations of GRB Afterglows

Since 1997 the afterglow of gamma-ray bursting sources (GRBs) has occasionally been detected in the radio, as well in other wavelengths bands. In particular, the interesting and unusual gamma-ray burst GRB980425, thought to be related to the radio supernova SN1998bw, is a possible link between the two classes of objects. Analyzing the extensive radio emission data avaliable for SN1998bw, one can describe its time evolution within the well established framework available for the analysis of radio emission from supernovae. This then allows relatively detailed description of a number of physical properties of the object. The radio emission can best be explained as the interaction of a mildly relativistic shock with a dense preexplosion stellar wind-established circumstellar medium (CSM) that is highly structured both azimuthally, in clumps or filaments, and radially, with observed density enhancements. Because of its unusual characteristics for a Type Ib/c supernova, the relation of SN1998bw to GRB980425 is strengthened and suggests that at least some classes of GRBs originate in supernova (SN) massive star explosions. Thus, employing the formalism for describing the radio emission from supernovae (SNe) and following the link through SN1998bw/GRB980425, it is possible to model the gross properties of the radio and optical/infrared (OIR) emission from the half-dozen GRBs with extensive radio observations. From this we conclude that at least some members of the ``slow-soft'' class of GRBs can be attributed to the explosion of a massive star in a dense, highly structured CSM that was presumably established by the preexplosion stellar system.
Neuronal complexity is attenuated in preclinical models of migraine and restored by HDAC6 inhibition.

Migraines are a common brain disorder that affects 14% of the world’s population. For many people the main symptom of a migraine is a painful headache, often on one side of the head. Other symptoms include increased sensitivity to light or sound, disturbed vision, and feeling sick. These sensory disturbances are called aura and they often occur before the headache begins. One particularly debilitating subset of migraines are chronic migraines, in which patients experience more than 15 headache days per month. Migraine therapies are often only partially effective or poorly tolerated, making it important to develop new drugs for this condition, but unfortunately, little is known about the molecular causes of migraines. To bridge this gap, Bertels et al. used two different approaches to cause migraine-like symptoms in mice. One approach consisted on giving mice nitroglycerin, which dilates blood vessels, produces hypersensitivity to touch, and causes photophobia in both humans and mice. In the second approach, mice underwent surgery and potassium chloride was applied onto the dura, a thick membrane that surrounds the brain. This produces cortical spreading depression, an event that is linked to migraine auras and involves a wave of electric changes in brain cells that slowly propagates across the brain, silencing brain electrical activity for several minutes. Using these approaches, Bertels et al. studied whether causing chronic migraine-like symptoms in mice is associated with changes in the structures of neurons, focusing on the effects of migraines on microtubules. Microtubules are cylindrical protein structures formed by the assembly of smaller protein units. In most cells, microtubules assemble and disassemble depending on what the cell needs. Neurons need stable microtubules to establish connections with other neurons. The experiments showed that provoking chronic migraines in mice led to a reduction in the numbers of connections between different neurons. Additionally, Bertels et al. found that inhibiting HDAC6 (a protein that destabilizes microtubules) reverses the structural changes in neurons caused by migraines and decreases migraine symptoms. The same effects are seen when a known migraine treatment strategy, known as CGRP receptor blockade, is applied. These results suggest that chronic migraines may involve decreased neural complexity, and that the restoration of this complexity by HDAC6 inhibitors could be a potential therapeutic strategy for migraine.
Treatment Approach to Adenocarcinoma of the Ampulla of Vater.

ACs are rare tumors, and thus, there is a lack of prospective trials supporting treatment decisions. Moreover, although anatomically uniform, ACs comprise of biologically distinct entities, depending on what cell type they arise from. This makes the interpretation of limited data even more challenging. Overall, the clinical outcomes of patients with AC are better than those with pancreatic cancer. However, recurrence rates remain high after curative resection. Despite the absence of definitive evidence, we believe that these high recurrence rates are a rational justification for consideration of adjuvant therapy in resected disease, and therapy selection should take tumor biology, stage, resection margins, as well as patient comorbidities and performance status into account. Largely extrapolating from pancreas cancer, we recommend consideration of adjuvant chemotherapy with 6 months of dose-modified FOLFIRINOX in fit patients with pancreatobiliary subtype tumors. Alternative regimens include gemcitabine in combination with capecitabine. If chemoradiotherapy is being added, 6 weeks of radiotherapy in conjunction with 5-FU or capecitabine can be considered. For intestinal subtypes, we recommend 3-6 months of adjuvant FOLFOX. Future studies are needed to evaluate the role of contemporary, multi-agent chemotherapy and chemoradiotherapy in patients with resected and advanced ampullary adenocarcinoma. However, the logistics of performing large randomized trials in patients with a rare cancer is challenging, and the data collection, even in a carefully designed study, would likely take many years. As such, relying on data from basket trials and retrospective analysis will likely serve as guidance for treatment decisions in the near future. Treatment of metastatic disease should employ regimens that are typically used to treat pancreas cancer for tumors of pancreatobiliary subtype and 5-FU-based regimens for intestinal subtypes. Studies specific for patients with advanced AC are much needed. Molecular testing using next-generation sequencing and testing for microsatellite instability (MSI) should be performed on all tumors. We now have disease agnostic options based on these results. Pembrolizumab is approved for MSI-H tumors and tumors with high tumor mutational burden regardless of the primary site. Larotrectinib is approved for tumors with NTRK fusions. At a time when numerous therapeutic agents are in development, for example, those targeting specific K-RAS alterations or NRG fusions, identifying molecular aberrations can significantly impact patient outcomes as well as provide further insights into the biology of disease. In addition, based on recent data suggesting a significant prevalence of germline alterations in patients with ampullary tumors, referral to genetics counselors and germline testing is warranted in a significant proportion of patients with AC.
CNS Depressants: Alcohol

Alcoholic beverages have been used by man since the dawn of history. Breweries can be traced back about 6,000 years to ancient Egypt and Babylonia. The oldest alcoholic drinks were fermented beers and wines of relatively low alcohol content. The Arabs introduced distillation into Europe in the Middle Ages to increase alcohol content in beverages. Alcohol was believed to be a remedy for practically all diseases, as indicated by the Gaelic term whiskey, which means “water of life.”1–2
Nineteenth Century Piano Music

Preface Acknowledgments Contributors 1. The Piano and the Nineteenth Century Leon Plantinga 2. Orthodoxies, Paradoxes, and Contradictions: Performance Practices in Nineteenth-Century Piano Music Robert S. Winter 3. Beethoven William Kinderman 4. The Piano Works of Schubert Eva Badura-Skoda 5. In Defense of Weber Michael C. Tusa 6. Piano Music Reformed: The Case of Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy R. Larry Todd 7. Hearing Poland: Chopin and Nationalism Jeffrey Kallberg 8. Schumann and the Marketplace: From Butterflies to Hausmusik Anthony Newcomb 9. From the Concert Hall to the Salon: The Piano Music of Clara Wieck, Schumann and Fanny Mendelssohn, Marion Wilson Kimber 10. Brahms: From Classical to Modern, Walter Frisch 11. Expressive Resonance in Liszt's Piano Music, Dolores Pesce Index
Teaching More Comprehensive Model-Based Software Engineering: Experience with Objectory's Use Case Approach

This paper is an experience report and discussion of an experiment in teaching and using a comprehensive model-based methodology and tool (Objectory) in a large software project. The paper describes in detail the preparation of such an experiment, states our assumptions during the planning phase, and presents the results together with a discussion of the most important issues. We observed certain improvements in the productivity and understanding of the students, while discovering a number of non-trivial organizational and pedagogical issues still remaining to be solved (e.g. communication latency and breakdown; project set up time; training time etc.). We believe that this paper will provide valuable insights to the reader at a number of different levels: 1. To those interested in state of the art software engineering methodologies; 2. To those interested in Objectory per se; 3. To those interested in the issues of introducing a sophisticated modeling methodology into a pilot project involving a large number of participants.
More Than Meets The Eye: Connections Between Phenomenology And Art

In a letter dated 12 January 1907, written to the poet Hugo von Hofmannsthal, the philosopher Edmund Husserl presents a half-formed analogy between the artist and the phenomenologist. Husserl writes that both the artist and the phenomenologist, in their respective efforts to study the world, share the common attitude of indifference regarding the world’s existence; they both experience the world as phenomena. My proposal here is to try to complete the analogy, to examine the workings of art in terms of Husserl’s philosophy. In doing so, I will try to suggest, we can uncover important connections between art and phenomenology, and, in turn, begin to see art itself as a project akin to the Husserlian conception of philosophy.
The Black Church, Values, and Secular Counseling: Implications for Counselor Education and Practice

There has been a recent increase in the amount of attention given in the counseling literature to addressing clients’ religion and spirituality. However, Black American churchgoers are rarely the target population in the discourse, and little is known about how the Black church shapes their views. This article provides information on values of the Black church and the church's influence on Black American churchgoers regarding secular counseling. Implications for counselor education and practice are discussed.
Channel covariance modeling for multi-user MIMO systems

Because of the rapid variation in channel state information in multi-user networks with mobile nodes or scatterers, it is difficult both to maintain high communication performance using multi-user multiple-input multiple-output signaling and to create channel models that effectively represent the proper relationship between channels to different users as a function of their relative position. This paper uses the channel covariance matrix as a means to mitigate these problems. First, the paper discusses the use of channel covariance for signaling in the multi-user broadcast channel, and shows how to use conventional covariance models to dramatically reduce the required feedback complexity while maintaining good performance. The paper then focuses attention on the modeling of multi-user channels by exploring the position-dependent properties of the covariance using an analytical framework.
Simulations of underwater plumes of dissolved oil in the Gulf of Mexico

[1] A simple model of the temperature-dependent biological decay of dissolved oil is embedded in an ocean-climate model and used to simulate underwater plumes of dissolved and suspended oil originating from a point source in the northern Gulf of Mexico, with an upper-bound supply rate estimated from the contemporary analysis of the Deepwater Horizon blowout. The behavior of plumes at different depths is found to be determined by the combination of sheared current strength and the vertical profile of decay rate. For all plume scenarios, toxic levels of dissolved oil remain confined to the northern Gulf of Mexico, and abate within weeks after the spill stops. An estimate of oxygen consumption due to microbial oxidation of hydrocarbons suggests that a deep plume of hydrocarbons could lead to localized regions of prolonged hypoxia near the source, but only when oxidation of methane is included.
Mahmoud Eid (Ed.). Exchanging Terrorism Oxygen for Media Airwaves: The Age of Terroredia.: Hershey, PA: IGI Global, 2014. 347 pp., $195 hardcover. ISBN: 9781466657762.

While many aspects related to terrorism research remain contested, one tenet that virtually all scholars and commentators agree with is that terrorism requires publicity in order to function. In th...
Application of the high-order Nystrom scheme to the integral equation solution of electromagnetic interaction problems

A high-order technique based on the locally corrected Nystrom method is presented for the solution of surface and volume integral equations arising from electromagnetic interaction problems. It is shown that this method demonstrates high-order convergence for problems involving both smooth and abrupt geometries. The specific advantages of a high-order scheme such as the Nystrom method is that the solution is more computationally efficient than a conventional low-order method. Of equal importance is that the higher-order method offers control over the solution error to the user of the technique.
Measuring the success of on-line communities in an enterprise networking tool

We look at self-forming communities on one company's externally-facing business networking tool to better understand factors contributing to the success of a community. We propose that there is no single measure of success of a community; success of different kinds of communities depends on a variety of factors, including the perspective of the stakeholders and the type of community established.
Output-Based Space-Time Mesh Adaptation for Unsteady Aerodynamics

An adjoint-based output error estimation algorithm is presented for unsteady problems discretized on static meshes with a space-time discontinuous Galerkin nite element method. An approximate factorization technique is used to solve both the forward and the discrete adjoint problems. A space-time anisotropy measure based on projection of the adjoint solution is used to attribute the error to spatial or temporal resolution. This measure drives a xed-growth adaptive strategy that employs hanging-node renement in the spatial domain and slab bisection in the temporal domain. Adaptive results for convection-dominated ows in two dimensions, including those governed by the compressible Navier-Stokes equations, demonstrate the eectivity of the output error estimate and the degree-of-freedom benets of output-based adaptation compared to uniform space-time renement and to cheaper heuristic indicators.