cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Lysosomal Cysteine and Aspartic Proteases Are Heterogeneously Expressed and Act Redundantly to Initiate Human Invariant Chain Degradation

Presentation of Ag by class II MHC is regulated by lysosomal proteases that not only destroy the class II invariant chain (Ii) chaperone but also generate the peptide Ag that is loaded onto the class II MHC dimer. We sought to determine the extent to which asparagine endopeptidase (AEP) influences human Ag and Ii processing. Our data confirm the constructive function of AEP in tetanus toxoid processing, but they are discordant with findings that suggest a destructive role for AEP in processing of the immunodominant myelin basic protein epitope. Furthermore, we observed no effect on invariant chain processing following AEP inhibition for several distinct allelic variants of human class II MHC products. We find that cysteine and aspartic proteases, as well as AEP, can act redundantly to initiate Ii processing. We detected considerable variation in lysosomal activity between different EBV-transformed B cell lines, but these differences do not result in altered regulation of invariant chain catabolism. We propose that, as for bound peptide Ag, the identity of the lysosomal enzyme that initiates invariant chain cleavage is dependent on the class II MHC allelic variants expressed.
Distinguishing features of an infectious molecular clone of the highly divergent and noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 UC1 strain

Abstract A full-length infectious molecular clone was derived from the noncytopathic human immunodeficiency virus type 2 UC1 strain (HIV-2UC1) that was originally recoverd from an individual from the Ivory Coast. Like the parental isolate, the molecularly cloned virus (HIV-2UC1mc or UC1 mc) demonstrates a reduced ability to induce syncytium formation, to kill cells, and to down-modulate the cell surface CD4 receptor in infected cells. Phylogenetic analysis of the DNA sequence of UC1mc revealed that it is the first full-length infectious molecular clone in the second HIV-2 subgroup previously identified by partial sequence analysis of the HIV-2D205 and HIV-2GH-2 strains. These highly divergent HIV-2 strains appear to be genetically equidistant from other HIV-2 and simian immunodeficiency virus SIVmac/sm strains. UC1mc is unlike any other HIV-2 or SIVmac/sm strain in that it lacks a cysteine residue at the proposed signal peptide cleavage site in Env. However, site-directed mutagenesis experiments indicate that this missing cysteine is not alone important in the noncytopathic phenotype of UC1mc. Like other HIV-2 and SIV strains, the UC1mc Env transmembrane protein (gp43) is mutated to a truncated form (gp34) after passage in certain T-cell lines. The UC1 molecular clone should be helpful in determining the genetic sequences associated with HIV-2 cytopathicity.
Controlling Application Grain Size on a Network of Workstations

An important challenge in the area of distributed computing is to automate the selection of the parameters that control the distributed computation. A performance-critical parameter is the grain size of the computation, i.e., the interval between successive synchronization points in the application. This parameter is hard to select since it depends both on compile time (loop structure and data dependences, computational complexity) and run time components (speed of compute nodes and network). On networks of workstations that are shared with other users, the run-time parameters can change over time. As a result, it is also necessary to consider the interactions with dynamic load balancing, which is needed to achieve good performance in this environment. In this paper we present a method for automatically selecting the grain size of the computation consisting of nested DO loops. The method is based on close cooperation between the compiler and the runtime system. We evaluate the method using both simulation and measurements for an implementation on the Nectar multicomputer.
Interaction of intense narrowband THz pulses with coherent excitons in semiconductor QWs

We investigate the coherent dynamics of excitonic wavepackets in semiconductors driven by intense narrowband THz pulses. Time-resolved THz-pump and optical-probe measurements demonstrate strong nonlinear-optical transients of the light-hole and heavy-hole excitonic resonances in GaAs/AlGaAs QWs.
Cerebral arteriovenous fistula producing cardiac failure in the newborn infant.

Summary In the newborn infant, extracardiac causes of congestive failure with associated marked cardiomegaly include: (1) patent ductus arteriosus, (2) hemolytic anemias, (3) multiple telangiectasias of the cerebral vessels, and (4) cerebral arteriovenous aneurysm. The clinical and pathologic findings are presented of a newborn infant who had cardiomegaly, cardiac failure, and at postmortem examination was found to have a cerebral arteriovenous fistula. Congenital cerebral arteriovenous aneurysms most frequently involve the middle cerebral artery. The usual clinical picture is described, and cases with cardiovascular complications in infancy are listed. As a result of lowered peripheral resistance, arteriovenous fistulas are frequently associated with (1) an increased cardiac output, (2) cardiac dilatation, (3) lowering of the diastolic pressure, (4) occasional evidence of myocardial damage on the electrocardiogram, and (5) cardiac failure. The mechanisms for these findings are discussed briefly. While cerebral arteriovenous fistulas are a very rare cause of extracardiac heart failure and gross cardiomegaly in the newborn period, it is pointed out that the possibility should be kept in mind.
Surface Functionalization and Imaging Using Monolayers and Surface-Grafted Polymer Layers

A method of surface functionalization of ceramics with monolayers and surface grafted polymer layers is described. A phenylsilane monolayer is created on the substrate's oxide surface by using phenyltrichlorosilane as the silane coupling agent. To control the formation of the monolayer and ensure the growth of a dense, homogeneous layer, the ceramic surface is first dried and then a controlled amount of water is adsorbed onto it, and a hindered organic base is added to the phenyltrichlorosilane solution to absorb acid generated in the reaction of the silane coupling agent with hydroxyl groups on the ceramic surface. This procedure results in dense homogeneous phenylsilane monolayers on a variety of surfaces, including silicon, Pt/PtO, and quartz. These layers can now be functionalized by addition of triflic acid, which removes the phenyl ring as benzene, and introduction of a nucleophile. Monolayers of −C⋮CH, −OCH2CF3, [(OCH2CH2)2O], −OCH2CF2CF3, and −O(CH2)6NH2 were generated in this fashion, all proving...
Identification of a Minimum Enhancer Sequence for the Type II Collagen Gene Reveals Several Core Sequence Motifs in Common with the Link Protein Gene

The type II collagen gene (Col2a1) is expressed primarily in chondrocytes. Transcription of Col2a1 is mediated by cell-specific regulatory elements located within the promoter and first intron. Here, we map a minimal enhancer and identify elements that determine cartilage-specific Col2a1 expression by analyzing the activity of a series of chimeric genes consisting of rat Col2a1 first intron deletion mutants ligated to the chloramphenicol acetyltransferase reporter gene. We show that a 100-base pair (bp) segment within the first intron is the minimum size necessary for high level, cell type-specific expression of Col2a1. Sequence analysis of this 100-bp Col2a1 enhancer revealed several sequence motifs similar to motifs present within the regulatory region of the link protein gene, another cartilage gene. These motifs include an AT-rich element, a C1 motif and a C3 motif. Deletion of any of these elements reduced Col2a1 enhancer activity in chick embryo chondrocytes. We also tested enhancer-mediated activity in CFK2 cells which differentiate to a chondrogenic phenotype and begin to express type II collagen mRNA after extended culture. In stably transfected CFK2 cells, constructs containing the 100-bp enhancer were activated during the transition from prechondrogenic to chondrogenic cell populations and deletions within the enhancer strongly down-regulated activity. Chondrocyte-specific DNA-protein complexes were identified using nuclear extracts prepared from chick embryo chondrocytes and 32P-labeled oligonucleotides from these regions of the first intron. These results suggest that interaction of chondrocyte specific nuclear factors with multiple core elements from a small region within the first intron are important for cell-type specific Col2a1 enhancer activity.
Chemical (NaOH) peeling as viewed by scanning electron microscopy: pimiento peppers as a case study.

Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine microstructural changes of pimiento peppers (Capsicum annum L. cv. ‘Truhart’) treated with different NaOH (lye) solutions (1,4, and 9%), maintained at 80°C, for various times (1, 2, and 3 min). Photomicrographs indicated that NaOH removes the epicuticular and cuticular waxes, diffuses uniformly into the fruit where it breaks down epidermal and hypodermal cell walls, and solubilizes the middle lamella causing separation of the skin. In severe treatments the lye also dissolves the parenchyma cells of the mesocarp resulting in considerable loss during processing.
Evaluation of a Computer-Tailored Osteoporosis Prevention Intervention in Young Women.

Purpose The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a theory-based computer-tailored osteoporosis prevention program on calcium and vitamin D intake and osteoporosis health beliefs in young women. Additionally, this study tested whether adding bone density testing to the intervention improved the outcomes. Methods One hundred (n = 100) women aged 19 to 25 years were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups. One group (n = 50) received the computer-tailored program with brief counseling and the second group (n = 50) received the same intervention plus bone density testing of the heel (quantitative ultrasound [QUS]) feedback. Results Participants within both groups statistically significantly increased calcium and vitamin D intake from baseline to 1 month after the interventions. Both groups also experienced statistically significant decreases in perceived barriers to obtaining adequate vitamin D intake. Discussion The theory-based computer-tailored osteoporosis prevention program resulted in...
A simple method of changing clotted intra-arterial catheters.

A simple technique for changing a clotted catheter is presented which has been frequently useful during percutaneous transfemoral coronary angiogra phy. A guide wire is passed through a punched hole in the clotted catheter and a new catheter is inserted over the guide wire after the clotted catheter has been taken out.
Anaerobic Glycolysis in Parts of the Giant Axon of Squid

THE giant axon of the squid, Loligo pealii, after careful dissection and removal of auxiliary fibres, can be separated into mitochondrion-poor axoplasm and the relatively mitochondrion-rich envelope1 (axonal membrane plus Schwann cell plus associated cell-wall material) by the simple mechanical operation of extruding the axoplasm by rolling2,3.
Estimating mutation rates using abnormal human hemoglobins

Estimates of mutation rates in human populations vary widely. Considering the numerous potential sources of error, which include illegitimacy, the existence of genocopies and/or phenocopies, variation in expressivity, and incomplete penetrance, the extent of variation among estimates is not surprising. When mutational events are defined in detail at the level of DNA sequence, one can estimate rates at which nucleotide substitutions give rise to the abnormal phenotypes under consideration. The vast body of data now available on globin-gene sequence and organization, as well as on abnormalities in amino acid sequences of globin chains, renders certain dominantly inherited hemoglobinopathies especially well suited to analyses of mutation rates. Using cases of unstable β-chain disease and Hb M disease that appeared among children of unaffected parents, rates at which these conditions arise by new mutation were estimated, as were rates of substitution per α- or β-gene nucleotide and per α gene (423 nucleotides) or β gene (438 nucleotides). These estimates, and the differences between them and others calculated using sporadic cases of various phenotypically defined conditions, are discussed in relation to the biases to which they are subject.
Tagging of the Magnetization with the Transition Zones of 360° Rotations Generated by a Tandem of Two Adiabatic DANTE Inversion Sequences

Abstract A new technique is presented for generating myocardial tagging using the signal intensity minima of the transition zones between the bands of 0° and 360° rotations, induced by a tandem of two adiabatic delays alternating with nutations for tailored excitation (DANTE) inversion sequences. With this approach, the underlying matrix corresponds to magnetization that has experienced 0° or 360° rotations. The DANTE sequences were implemented from adiabatic parent pulses for insensitivity of the underlying matrix to B 1 inhomogeneity. The performance of the proposed tagging technique is demonstrated theoretically with computer simulations and experimentally on phantom and on the canine heart, using a surface coil for both RF transmission and signal reception. The simulations and the experimental data demonstrated uniform grid contrast and sharp tagging profiles over a twofold variation of the B 1 field magnitude.
2 Lessons Learned in Transitioning to EIA/IS 731 from INCOSE SECAM

In 1995, Honeywell's Air Transport Systems division began using the INCOSE Systems Engineering Capability Assessment Model (SECAM) as a tool for facilitating Systems Engineering process improvement. The Key Focus Areas of the SECAM were used as a template for organizing the division's standard Systems Engineering process and Systems Engineering Capability Assessments were conducted to measure the completeness and effectiveness of this process. In 1998, the Electronic Industry Alliance released EIA/IS 731, the Systems Engineering Capability Model (SECM). Honeywell made the decision to transition to this new standard and conducted a Systems Engineering Capability Assessment using EIA/IS 731. This paper describes the similarities and differences between the two models from the perspective of the user, as well as, the lessons learned in executing the transition.
Outpatient Management of Febrile Infants 28-60 Days of Age: An Application of Practice Guidelines. † 536

Outpatient Management of Febrile Infants 28-60 Days of Age: An Application of Practice Guidelines. † 536
Economic feasibility of conservation tillage with stochastic yields and erosion rates.

This paper examines the extent to which stochastic variation in crop yields and erosion rates affect the economic feasibility of, and farmer's willingness to adopt, minimum and no tillage in a northern Idaho watershed. Stochastic variation in yield is evaluated by sampling an empirical frequency distribution of the ratio of yields between conservation and conventional tillage. Variability in yield due to tillage system and weather are separated from variability caused by soil type and management. Stochastic variation in erosion rates is determined by sampling the distribution of erosion prediction errors for the Universal Soil Loss Equation. Expected utility maximization is used to identify the optimal choice of tillage systems for different risk preferences. Stochastic variation in yield due to tillage practice and rainfall was found to have a proportionately greater effect on yield than errors in predicting erosion rates. For the soils, crops and land treatment practices evaluated, risk averse farmers would prefer conventional tillage to minimum and no tillage.
Resuscitation with a novel hemoglobin-based oxygen carrier in a Swine model of uncontrolled perioperative hemorrhage.

Background: Systemic and pulmonary hypertension, possibly related to nitric oxide scavenging by free hemoglobin (Hb), is often seen during resuscitation with hemoglobin-based oxygen carriers (HBOCs). Recently, a second-generation HBOC, rHb2.0 for Injection (rHb), has been developed using recombinant human Hb that has reduced reactivity with nitric oxide. The current study evaluates the efficacy of this novel compound for resuscitation in a swine model of uncontrolled perioperative hemorrhage. Methods: After instrumentation, animals underwent splenectomy and rapid hemorrhage to a systolic blood pressure of 35 mm Hg and isoelectric electroencephalography. 15 minutes of shock was followed by resuscitation over 30 minutes. In phase I, 18 animals were randomized into three resuscitation groups: (1) lactated Ringer's (LR) equal to three times the shed blood, the negative control group; (2) heterologous blood (BL) equal to Hb 2 g/kg, the positive control group; and (3) rHb equal to 2 g/kg, the treatment group. In phase II, six animals underwent the same experiment with a first-generation HBOC, diaspirin cross-linked Hb (DCLHb) equal to 2 g/kg, an additional control group. On day 0 after 2 hours of observation, spontaneously breathing animals were returned to their cages. Surviving animals were redosed on days 1, 2, and 3 (rHb/DCLHb 1 g/kg; LR/BL-LR 500 mL). Survivors were killed on day 5 and organs harvested for histologic examination. Group comparisons were performed using Student's t test, repeated-measures analysis of variance, and X 2 test. Significance was set at 95% confidence intervals. Results: After resuscitation, systemic mean arterial pressure (MAP) (baseline = 107 ± 15 mm Hg) was 128 ± 34 and 108 ± 15 mm Hg in rHb and BL animals, respectively, and remained stable. In LR and DCLHb animals, after normalization, MAP declined to 67 ± 13 and 84 ± 34 mm Hg, respectively. The rHb group maintained higher MAP than the LR and BL groups (p 0.05), and both rHb and BL groups showed a higher PAP than the LR group (p 0.05) throughout the observation period. Arterial lactate increased to 5.6 ± 2.5 mmol/L with shock and then normalized to 3.5 mmol/L and showed a delayed increase in the DCLHb group (p < 0.05). Causes and number of deaths were as follows: rHb, zero of six; BL-transfusion reaction, one of six; LR-irreversible shock, four of six; and DCLHb-ventricular failure, six of six. There was no significant increase in plasma met-hemoglobin (rHb) and no difference in liver or cardiac enzymes (rHb vs. BL). No histologic abnormalities were seen in the rHb group except for cytoplasmic vacuolation, a process thought to be related to metabolism of the test article.
Indentations of an elastic layer by moving punches

Abstract A layer in plane strain (or stress) is indented by two frictionless punches of a given profile moving at a uniform velocity along its surfaces. Symmetry about the midsurface of the layer is preserved and Fourier transforms are utilized to reduce the problem to the solution of a set of dual integral equations. Standard techniques yield a Fredholm integral equation that is solved numerically for parabolic and wedge punches. Results for the static case are compared with a photoelastic experiment. An analysis including the effects of prestress is briefly presented.
Equitable random graphs

Random graph models have played a dominant role in the theoretical study of networked systems. The Poisson random graph of Erdős and Renyi, in particular, as well as the so-called configuration model, have served as the starting point for numerous calculations. In this paper we describe another large class of random graph models, which we call equitable random graphs and which are flexible enough to represent networks with diverse degree distributions and many nontrivial types of structure, including community structure, bipartite structure, degree correlations, stratification, and others, yet are exactly solvable for a wide range of properties in the limit of large graph size, including percolation properties, complete spectral density, and the behavior of homogeneous dynamical systems, such as coupled oscillators or epidemic models.
Sweep frequency observations of meteor scatter bursts

Abstract Meteor scatter bursts from distant television transmitters have been observed on a sweep frequency receiver. The receiver covers the band 50–100 Mc/s, and signals at a number of frequencies are recorded from each meteor trail. The trails are of the overdense type, and the scattered signals show a characteristic frequency-time profile, persisting longer at the lower frequencies. The duration of the signals as a function of frequency agrees closely with the inverse-square relation predicted theoretically. The diurnal and seasonal variations in the number of scatter bursts observed are briefly described.
Linear and nonlinear optical properties of metal nanocluster-silica composites formed by sequential implantation of Ag and Cu

Nanometer dimension metal colloids were formed in silica by sequential implantation of Ag and Cu ions. The Ag and Cu were implanted with relative ratios of Ag to Cu of 9:3, 6:6, and 3:9. The total nominal dose was 12 {times} 10{sup 16} ions/cm{sup 2}. TEM techniques were used to examine colloid size and size distributions. The linear optical response was measured from 200 to 900 nm. The nonlinear optical properties were measured using the z-scan technique at a wavelength of 570 nm. The linear and nonlinear optical properties were found to be dependent upon the relative ratio of sequentially implanted Ag to Cu. The results are consistent with effective medium theory.
The effect of propranolol and quinidine on 22Na- and 42K-exchange in the cat papillary muscle☆

Abstract The present investigation was undertaken to determine if the anti-arrhythmic activity of the β-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, is related, at least in part, to a quinidine-like action. For this reason the effect of propranolol was compared to that of quinidine on sodium and potassium fluxes in cat papillary muscle. The actions of propranolol on sodium and potassium exchange were for the most part qualitatively similar to those of quinidine except that propranolol did not affect the total sodium content of papillary muscles. Thus, propranolol like quinidine, caused a decrease in K-efflux, an increase in K-influx and in total potassium content of papillary muscle while it reduced sodium uptake. It did, however, seem to require more propranolol than quinidine to produce these effects. In addition, the action of propranolol on potassium influx and sodium uptake was of shorter duration than that of quinidine. The similarity in the actions of propranolol and quinidine is further indicated by the observation that both of these agents in concentrations which affected potassium and sodium exchange, caused a loss of excitability, i.e., it required a greater intensity of stimulation to cause the muscle to contract in the presence of these agents. The similarity in the effects of quinidine and propranolol on sodium and potassium transmembrane exchange in the present experiments, indicates that the β-adrenergic blocking agent, propranolol, does have the capacity to directly depress cardiac tissue. The role of this action in its anti-arrhythmic effects is discussed.
Neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love

The present study examined the neural correlates of long-term intense romantic love using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI). Ten women and 7 men married an average of 21.4 years underwent fMRI while viewing facial images of their partner. Control images included a highly familiar acquaintance; a close, long-term friend; and a low-familiar person. Effects specific to the intensely loved, long-term partner were found in: (i) areas of the dopamine-rich reward and basal ganglia system, such as the ventral tegmental area (VTA) and dorsal striatum, consistent with results from early-stage romantic love studies; and (ii) several regions implicated in maternal attachment, such as the globus pallidus (GP), substantia nigra, Raphe nucleus, thalamus, insular cortex, anterior cingulate and posterior cingulate. Correlations of neural activity in regions of interest with widely used questionnaires showed: (i) VTA and caudate responses correlated with romantic love scores and inclusion of other in the self; (ii) GP responses correlated with friendship-based love scores; (iii) hypothalamus and posterior hippocampus responses correlated with sexual frequency; and (iv) caudate, septum/fornix, posterior cingulate and posterior hippocampus responses correlated with obsession. Overall, results suggest that for some individuals the reward-value associated with a long-term partner may be sustained, similar to new love, but also involves brain systems implicated in attachment and pair-bonding.
Fe(0)-Supported Autotrophic Denitrification

Proof of concept was obtained that Fe(0) can stoichio metrically reduce nitrate to ammonium and that cathodic hydrogen [produced during anaerobic Fe(0) corrosion by water] can sustain microbial den...
Strategic corporate philanthropic relationships: Nonprofits’ perceptions of benefits and corporate motives

Abstract This study examines corporate philanthropy, a component of corporate social responsibility, from the perspective of nonprofit managers engaged in strategic philanthropic relationships. Using a grounded theory approach, the study found nonprofits perceive multiple corporate motives, with blends of altruism and self-interest. In the most strategic alliances, relationships were characterized as interdependent and benefits were viewed as equal.
A comparison of the effects of caffeine following abstinence and normal caffeine use.

Rationale Caffeine typically produces positive effects on mood and performance. However, tolerance may develop following habitual use, and abrupt cessation can result in withdrawal symptoms, such as fatigue. This study investigated whether caffeine has a greater stimulant effect in a withdrawn state compared to a normal caffeinated state, among moderate daily caffeine consumers.
Once upon a time, like never before: the challenge of telling the next story

Readers turn to narrative for certain familiar pleasures; and yet, reading the opening sentences, they hope to find themselves in unknown territory. They want to be lost in a book, transported through a shared act of imagination. If what they read seems too strange, though, if they start to feel truly lost, they're likely to feel anxious, frustrated, even angry. The challenge for the writer, then--the challenge for every discoverer and creator--is to communicate with the past, while guiding the reader (or follower, or user) someplace new.Using examples from writing and cartography, this talk will explore the challenges of discovery, the challenges of presenting those discoveries, and how the presentation itself is often the key to discovery (think Impressionism). It will also consider the tension between intention and inspiration, or good luck. Columbus was headed for India, James Cook mapped the Pacific only because he couldn't find Terra Australis, and both Mark Twain (soon after publishing The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn) and F. Scott Fitzgerald (in the weeks following the publication of The Great Gatsby) expressed despair over their failure to write the books they thought they meant to write. The thing they had discovered--the thing they had created-transcended their own conception of a "good book.Before we can lead anyone anywhere, we need to look clearly at where we are, and to prepare ourselves to see like never before.
Will the titanium golf club be tomorrow’s mashy niblick?

In the sporting goods industry, the application of game-improving advanced materials has resulted in titanium golfclubs attaining near-mythical status. These improvements have not come cheaply, however, and titanium clubs are losing ground to creative designs that employ combinations of lower cost materials. As a result, unless the cost of titanium can be lowered, the metal will see its share of the market become significantly reduced by the judicious use of lower-cost materials.
Sexual aberration or instinctual vicissitude? Revisiting freud's "the sexual aberrations".

The author reconsiders Freud’s “The Sexual Aberrations,” the first of his Three Essays on the Theory of Sexuality (1905), in light of contemporary psychoanalytic theory. Are the concepts of sexual ...
Infrared Transmitting Analogs Of SiAlON

There is a requirement for new materials which are transparent in the 8-12 µm range and have superior thermal shock resistance, mechanical strength, toughness and thermal stability compared to those materials which are presently available. In oxide systems, the SiAlON family of ceramics and glasses is known to have particularly good thermal shock resistance and mechanical properties, thus GeGaSP analogs of the SiAlON ceramics should be a promising system to investigate for new materials. Preliminary results of an experimental study are reported.
Evolving stream classification using change detection

Classifying instances in evolving data stream is a challenging task because of its properties, e.g., infinite length, concept drift, and concept evolution. Most of the currently available approaches to classify stream data instances divide the stream data into fixed size chunks to fit the data in memory and process the fixed size chunk one after another. However, this may lead to failure of capturing the concept drift immediately. We try to determine the chunk size dynamically by exploiting change point detection (CPD) techniques on stream data. In general, the distribution families before and after the change point are unknown over the stream, therefore non-parametric CPD algorithms are used in this case. We propose a multi-dimensional non-parametric CPD technique to determine chunk boundary over data streams dynamically which leads to better models to classify instances of evolving data streams. Experimental results show that our approach can detect the change points and classify instances of evolving data stream with high accuracy as compared to other baseline approaches.
Introduction—Purity and Danger

(2011). Introduction—Purity and Danger. Administrative Theory & Praxis: Vol. 33, No. 1, pp. 39-43.
Global Information Technology Research: Past, Present And Future1

AbstractResearch into Global Information Technology is only a few years old. However, even in this short span, the definition of global IT has evolved. This article first provides a three-part definition of global IT, and then goes on to examine the state of global IT research to date. Most research until now has been descriptive and exploratory. A case is made for conducting more rigorous and meaningful research in the future. Dubbed as "second generation research in global IT", the various elements of such research are described. The intent is to provide a good foundation for research in global IT.
ABNORMAL RETURNS AND ANALYSTS' EARNINGS FORECAST REVISIONS ASSOCIATED WITH THE PUBLICATION OF “STOCK HIGHLIGHTS” BY VALUE LINE INVESTMENT SURVEY

We examine the reaction of stocks and the response of financial analysts' earnings forecasts to securities recommended as “Stock Highlights” by Value Line Investment Survey. Significant abnormal returns appear around the publication of stock highlights. Stock price responses are relatively efficient and permanent. Using earnings expectation data provided by the Institutional Brokers Estimate System, we find analysts raise their forecasts significantly following Value Line recommendations. Near-term forecast revisions are significantly related to stock returns at the time of the recommendations. Thus, an explanation for Value Line's security recommendation success is its ability to generate firm-specific earnings information.
B cells and autoantibodies in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis.

Although autoantibodes and autoantibody-producing B cells are crucial for the initiation of lupus nephritis, their precise role in the development of the nephritic lesions is incompletely understood. This article summarizes the results of recent work in our laboratory related to this area. They indicate that not all autoantibodies are pathogenic. Furthermore, among the pathogenic subset, individual immunoglobulins produce clearly distinguishable immune deposit patterns in specific glomerular locations and this is associated with different disease profiles (i.e., inflammation, proteinuria). The variation in immune deposit formation induced by the individual autoantibodies are reminiscent of the different lesions in lupus patients, and they appear to be related to differences in the reactivity of autoantibodies with specific glomerular antigens. Thus, it appears that the predominant interaction in a given individual influences the morphologic and clinical expression of disease. Autoantibody-producing B cells also influence the activation of autoreactive T cells that infiltrate the kidney to produce vasculitis and interstitial nephritis, and the potential mechanisms responsible for this phenomenon are discussed.
Management of interface design knowledge with MOBI-D

Effective guidelines for interface construction require developers to apply a user-centered approach in their designs. Yet, developers lack integrated tools that would allow them to work with high-level concepts, such as user tasks, and to relate them to lower level elements, such as widgets, in their interface designs. The Model-Based Interface Designer (MOBI-D) is a suite of tools for the management, visualization, editing, and interactive refinement of interface-design knowledge at multiple levels of abstraction. MOBI-D represents knowledge via declarative interface models that assign specific knowledge roles to each model component. Developers work in an integrated environment with abstract concepts such as user tasks, domain objects, presentation styles, dialogs, and user types while being able to relate those concepts to concrete interface elements such as push buttons. MOBI-D is the first development environment to integrate the disparate elements of interface design into structured conceptual units—interface models—and to define an interface design as an explicit declarative element of such units.
Metastable Oxygen Emission Bands

Recombination of ground-state oxygen atoms populates six different bound electronic states of molecular oxygen. Of the six optical transitions expected between the three upper states at 4 to 4.5 electron volts and the two lowest states, five have been observed in the afterglow of a conventional helium-oxygen microwave discharge in both (O-16)2 and (O-18)2, three of them for the first time in gas-phase spectra. Generation of these emissions from oxygen atoms in a system free of molecular oxygen establishes that atom recombination is the production mechanism.
Quantitative trait locus analysis of Verticillium wilt resistance in an introgressed recombinant inbred population of Upland cotton

Verticillium wilt (VW) of Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is caused by the soil-borne fungal pathogen Verticillium dahlia Kleb. The availability of VW-resistant cultivars is vital for control of this economically important disease, but there is a paucity of Upland cotton breeding lines and cultivars with a high level of resistance to VW. In general, G. barbadense L. (source of Pima cotton) is more VW-resistant than Upland cotton. However, the transfer of VW resistance from G. barbadense to Upland cotton is challenging because of hybrid breakdown in the F2 and successive generations of interspecific populations. We conducted two replicated greenhouse studies (tests 1 and 2) to assess the heritability of VW resistance to a defoliating V. dahliae isolate and identify genetic markers associated with VW resistance in an Upland cotton recombinant inbred mapping population that has stable introgression from Pima cotton. Disease ratings at the seedling stage on several different days after the first inoculation (DAI) in test 1, as well as the percentages of infected and defoliated leaves at 2 DAI in test 2, were found to be low to moderately heritable, indicating the importance of a replicated progeny test in selection for VW resistance. With a newly constructed linkage map consisting of 882 simple sequence repeat, single nucleotide polymorphism, and resistance gene analog–amplified fragment length polymorphism marker loci, we identified a total of 21 quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on 11 chromosomes and two linkage groups associated with VW resistance at several different DAIs in greenhouse tests 1 and 2. The markers associated with the VW resistance QTLs will facilitate fine mapping and cloning of VW resistance genes and genomics-assisted breeding for VW-resistant cultivars.
Financial and vocational outcomes 1 year after traumatic brain injury.

Johnstone B, Mount D, Schopp LH. Financial and vocational outcomes 1 year after traumatic brain injury. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2003;84:238-41. Objective: To characterize financial and vocational out- comes among persons with traumatic brain injury (TBI) in terms of employment status, earned and private income, and public assistance received at the time of injury and at 1 year after injury. Design: Nonexperimental, longitudinal study. Setting: Inpatient TBI rehabilitation unit and participants' community of residence. Participants: Thirty-five persons with new TBI from 1 national Traumatic Brain Injury Model Systems center. Interventions: Not applicable. Main Outcome Measures: Employment status, earned and private monthly income, and public assistance received monthly at the time of injury and at 1-year follow-up. Results: From the time of injury until 1-year follow-up, the percentage of persons employed decreased from 69% to 31%; the percentage unemployed increased from 11% to 49%; the average earned monthly income declined 51% (from $1491 to $726); and the mean total public assistance received per month increased 275% (from $153 to $421). Conclusion: Assuming that this study sample is representa- tive of national statistics for TBI, during the first year after injury, TBI is associated with an estimated $642 million in lost wages, $96 million in lost income taxes, and $353 million in increased public assistance.
Comparative flower development in the cleistogamous species Viola odorata. I: A growth rate study

In Viola odorata, chasmogamous (CH) or open flowers and small, short-petioled leaves are produced under 1 1 hr or less of daylight, cleistogamous (CL) or closed flowers and large, longpetioled leaves under 14 hr or more of daylight, and intermediate floral and leaf forms under transitional photoperiods. CL flowers are approximately four times smaller than CH flowers and differ morphologically in repressed growth of the anterior petal spur and staminal nectaries, and recurving of the style which remains enclosed within the cone formed by anther appendages. Both CH and CL shoot systems conform to a (2 + 3) phyllotaxis with minor differences in leaf divergence angles and phyllotactic indices. The larger CL leaf grows significantly faster than the CH leaf, and an increased rate of leafinitiation occurs in the CL apex represented by a plastochron of 3.4 days compared to 4.3 days in the CH apex. The plastochron index was used to indirectly age young floral primordia nondestructively until prophase of meiosis I within the anthers. This event occurs 8 days earlier in the CL than the CH flower. Time from meiosis until flower maturity, determined by direct observation, is about 14 days for the CL flower, versus 21 days
Power System Response to a Large Disturbance: Energy Associated with System Separation

Formulating the power system equations with respect to the system's inertial center, it is shown that a large disturbance tends to pull each generator from the rest of the generators, forming a two-machine equivalent. The energy associated with this equivalent is related to the energy function for individual machines, previously developed by the authors. Parameters of the two-machine equivalent are derived for any generator versus the rest of the system.
The Self-Concept of Welfare Recipients

Do persons receiving welfare feel differently about themselves and others than persons who are not welfare recipients? Does duration of time on welfare have any bearing on these feelings? To answer these questions the writer compared 2 groups of clients who were receiving services from the Division of Vocational Rehabilitation, using a number of scales that reflected attitudes regarding self and others. One group consisted of clients who were on welfare at the time of application for rehabilitation services and the other group consisted of those who were not. The welfare group was further broken down into 3 groups on the basis of the duration of time that they had been on welfare. No differences were found between any of the groups on self-concept, self-acceptance, ideal-self or concept of others. Some variables that might be masking the hypothesized differences, thus accounting for the present findings, are discussed.
Predictors of survival from urachal cancer : A mayo clinic study of 49 cases

BACKGROUND. Outcome results of a long-term analysis of urachal cancer using a new staging system are presented. METHODS. The authors analyzed clinical outcomes from 49 patients with the diagnosis of urachal cancer who were seen at the Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota from 1950 to 2003. The TNM staging system was used to predict outcome after surgical resection. RESULTS. Among 49 study patients, 33 were men, 16 were women, and their median age at presentation was 57.5 years. The vast majority of tumors were adenocarcinomas (89%), 4% were sarcomas and transitional cell carcinomas, and the rest were high-grade mixed neoplasms. Among the adenocarcinomas, 63.6% were mucin-producing tumors. Partial cystectomy with or without pelvic lymph node dissection and removal of the urachus was performed in 41 (83%) cases. Overall survival for all stages was 62 months with 17 (34%) patients still alive more than 5 years after treatment. Applying the TNM staging system, the authors demonstrated a median survival time for stage I/II patients of 10.8 years (95% CI, 6.9 years to 12.0 years) compared with a median survival of 1.3 years (95% CI, 1.1 years to 1.9 years; log-rank P<.0001) for patients with advanced disease (stages III and IV). CONCLUSIONS. Stage at presentation by the TNM staging system proved to be the main predictor of outcome after surgery for urachal cancer. Better systemic modality treatments are needed for advanced stages of this disease. Cancer 2007. © 2007 American Cancer Society.
Progress of molecular targeted therapies for prostate cancers

Prostate cancer remains the most commonly diagnosed malignancy and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men in the United States. The current standard of care consists of prostatectomy and radiation therapy, which may often be supplemented with hormonal therapies. Recurrence is common, and many develop metastatic prostate cancer for which chemotherapy is only moderately effective. It is clear that novel therapies are needed for the treatment of the malignant forms of prostate cancer that recur after initial therapies, such as hormone refractory (HRPC) or castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). With advances in understanding of the molecular mechanisms of cancer, we have witnessed unprecedented progress in developing new forms of targeted therapy. Several targeted therapeutic agents have been developed and clinically used for the treatment of solid tumors such as breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, and renal cancer. Some of these reagents modulate growth factors and/or their receptors, which are abundant in cancer cells. Other reagents target the downstream signal transduction, survival pathways, and angiogenesis pathways that are abnormally activated in transformed cells or metastatic tumors. We will review current developments in this field, focusing specifically on treatments that can be applied to prostate cancers. Finally we will describe aspects of the future direction of the field with respect to discovering biomarkers to aid in identifying responsive prostate cancer patients.
Quasi-Valid range querying and its implications for nearest neighbor problems

We define a new formalism called the quasi-valid range aggregation. This formalism leads to a new and quite simple method for reducing non-range query-like problems to range queries and often to orthogonal range queries, with immediate applications to the ATTRACTED NEIGHBOR and the planar ALL-PAIRS NEAREST NEIGHBORS problems (the latter being solved optimally on both parallel and sequential machines). A point of special interest is that our new formalism permits operators “+” that are neither associative nor abelian (unlike traditional range query theory). The technique described in this paper should therefore have significant other applications besides those we consider, especially in the context of parallel computational geometry.
From Galen's ureters to Harvey's veins

In his De motu cordis et sanguinis (1628) William Harvey proved that he had seen farther than any of his predecessors. The names of the men on whose shoulders he stood are familiar: Cesalpino, Colombo, Fabricius of Aquapendente, and among the giants Aristotle. The roster usually does not include Galen; for, having undermined the latter's physiology, Harvey is generally portrayed as anti-Galenic.2 Yet the relation between farsighted thinkers and the giants they supplant is often characterized not merely by sharp discontinuities, but by underlying continuities as well. Although Copernicus and Newton overturned Ptolemaic astronomy and Cartesian physics respectively, they owed their predecessors significant conceptual and methodological debts. In this paper I suggest that Harvey's relation to Galen reflects a
Collision Strengths for Electron Collisional Excitation of S II

Electron collisional excitation strengths for inelastic transitions in S II are calculated using the R-matrix method in a 19-state (3s(sup 2)3p(sup 3)(sup 4)S(sup o), (sup 2)D(sup o), (sup 2)p(sup o), 3s3p(sup 4)(sup 4)P, (sup 2)D, (sup 2)S, 3S(sup 2)3p(sup 2)3d(sup 2)P, (sup 4)F, (sup 4)D, (sup 2)F, (sup 4)P, 3s(sup 2)3p(sup 2)4s(sup 4)P, (sup 2)P, 3s(sup 2)3p(sup 2)4p(sup 2)S(s o), (sup 4)D(sup o), (sup 4)P(sup o), (sup 2)D(sup o), (sup 4)S(sup o), (sup 2)P(sup o)) close-coupling approximation. These target states are represented by extensive configuration-interaction wave functions that give excitation energies and oscillator strengths that are usually in good agreement with the experimental values and the available accurate calculations. The present results for collision strengths are in very good agreement with the recent merged beams energy loss measurement of Liao et al. and agree reasonably well with the 18-state R-matrix calculation of Ramsbottom, Bell, & Stafford, but show significant differences from the 12-state R-matrix calculation of Cai & Pradhan.