cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Management of autoimmune bullous diseases: pharmacology and therapeutics

Bullous diseases are associated with high morbidity and mortality. They result from autoimmune response to one or more components of the basement membrane or desmosomes. Management consists of treating the immunologic basis of the disease, treating the inflammatory process involved in lesion formation, and providing supportive care both locally and systemically. Therapeutic agents are chosen based on their known pharmacologic properties and evidence of effectiveness derived from observations and studies. Learning objectives At the completion of this learning activity, participants should be able to understand the pharmacology of drugs used in the treatment of bullous diseases, the principles of therapy for various such diseases, and a practical approach to the management of these diseases.
Weapons systems analysis, Part III: Warfare gaming, tactics and techniques

Abstract Survivability has an expensive price tag. The reliability and continuing improvements in accuracy, cost effectiveness (cost/kill) and speed of precision guided munitions (PGM) will ultimately change warfare gaming tactics and techniques in the near future. This paper identifies, analyzes and classifies various warfare campaigns with respect to strategy, techniques and tactics.
The reference axis in corneal refractive surgeries: visual axis or the line of sight?

A reference axis for proper centration of the corneal working zone in refractive surgical techniques is required. This is difficult to define due to the fact that the human eye is not an aligned optical system. This theoretical note critically reviews and discusses the two commonly used reference axes; line of sight and the coaxially sighted corneal reflex. Taking into consideration the Stiles-Crawford effect, it is concluded that the coaxially sighted corneal reflex is remarkably close to the visual axis (or nodal axis) and is the preferred reference axis.
Materials Physics and Quantum Coherence in Superconducting Qubits

Nonidealities of real superconductors in the form of residual rf losses and conductance below the superconducting energy gap in tunneling Josephson junctions are discussed as possible sources of decoherence in Josehphson junction flux qubits. The purpose of the paper is pedagogical and aimed at taking a first step in a unified view of the quantum behavior of superconducting qubits and the realities of the materials out of which they are constructed. The need for a dialog between the quantum physicist and the materials physicist is stressed. Residual rf losses and localized states in junction barriers are identified as important subjects for this dialog.
Heterogeneity of the mesotelencephalic dopamine fibers: physiology and pharmacology

The mesotelencephalic dopamine (DA) system is heterogeneous with respect to nuclei, terminal loci, DA receptor subtypes, electrophysiological characteristics and response patterns, and neuropharmacological response to a range of agents. The majority of mesocortical and mesolimbic DA neurons originate in the ventral tegmental area. Mesostriatal DA neurons originate in substantia nigra pars compacta. DA neurons originating from the retrorubal field primarily innervate subcortical limbic and neostriatal loci. Mesostriatal terminal loci have relatively low densities of D3 and D4 receptors, compared to mesolimbic and mesocortical loci. The D1 and D2 receptors appear more homogeneously distributed. Electrophysiologically, mesostriatal DA neurons show more regularity in firing pattern (fewer bursting events), and a lower basal firing rate than mesolimbic or mesocortical neurons. Neuropharmacologically, mesocortical DA neurons are less responsive to intravenous d-amphetamine, (+)apomorphine, and chronic antipsychotic drug treatment. Mesocortical DA neurons are also relatively insensitive to iontophoretically applied DA, a finding congruent with their reported relative lack of somatodendritic autoreceptors. Neurochemically, mesoaccumbens DA neurons are more sensitive to systemic administration of drugs with addictive liability.
Diabetes Mellitus Associated with Hirsutism and Unusual Insulin Resistance

THE ASSOCIATION in women of diabetes mellitus and beards was first described by Achard and Thiers (1) in 1921. Since that time much interest has developed in clinical pictures displaying these among other symptoms, and considerable controversy has arisen concerning the etiologic factors underlying these findings. The following case report not only demonstrates the problems in diagnosis but unusual features in carbohydrate tolerance as well. CASE REPORT Mrs. J.L.E., a 58-year-old Jewish widow, para 0–0–0, was first seen in the Metabolic Clinic of Charity Hospital on Sept. 17, 1937. The presence of glycosuria and a blood sugar of 275 mg. per cent led to a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. The patient was regulated on 20 units of regular insulin once daily, but the insulin requirements, as denoted by glycosuria and hyperglycemia, gradually rose until, in 1940, the patient was taking a total dosage daily of 260 units of crystalline insulin. She was then changed to a combination of protamine and crystalline insu...
Honey as a Constituent in Biological Media

Honey is frequently mentioned as a component in media for the culture of insects and other animals. The quality of the honey seldom seems to be a consideration. This article is intended to draw attention to some of the variations that exist between different honeys.
Role of complement and Fc receptors in the pathogenesis of HIV-1 infection

The Fc portion of immunoglobulin is important for complement activation and for targeting antigens to complement receptors (CR) and Fc receptors (FcR) on the surface of many cell types. Interactions with complement, CR and FcR can play both beneficial and pathological roles during viral infection. Activation of the classical or alternative complement pathways by epitopes and antibodies on microbial surfaces generates cleavage fragments of early complement component C3 that deposit on microbial surfaces and act as opsonins [104, 125]. Further activation of the terminal complement pathway can lead to assembly of the C5b-9 membrane attack complex (MAC) that forms transmembrane channels and eventually kills many targeted microbes, including certain viruses [48]. Opsonized virus particles that are not destroyed by the MAC may go on to bind CR on a variety of cell types. CR-binding can have consequences such as infection enhancement, virus clearance through the mononuclear phagocytic system, virus trapping in lymphoid tissues and B cell activation. Infection enhancement or phagocytosis also occurs when immune-complexed virus engages FcR on monocytes and macrophages.
STABILITY OF MULTILAYER POWER LAW AND SECOND-ORDER FLUIDS IN PLANE POISEUILLE FLOW

An interfacial stability analysis for two superposed inelastic power law and elastic second-order fluids in plane poiseuille flow has been carried out utilizing both asymptotic and spectral based numerical techniques. The effect of viscosity, density, depth and elasticity ratio have been investigated. Our results indicate that shear thinning viscosity and elasticity play an important role in determining the interfacial stability at all wave numbers. Computational results also show the possibility of obtaining stable interfaces at all disturbance wavelengths. This suggests that operating diagrams for stable flow of multilayer polymeric fluids could be constructed based on this analysis.
Student publishing: future scholars as change agents

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to highlight undergraduates as an emergent student–scholar author group and to encourage institutions to take a future-oriented view, focusing greater attention to and support of undergraduate’s publishing. Design/methodology/approach – Highlighting benefits derived from undergraduate research (UR) experiences and publishing taken from the literature and experienced through local practice (Providence College), presenting pedagogical models for transforming students into independent thinkers (students as scholars) and responding to business and non-profit leader graduate skills requests of higher education, this paper argues for the need to cultivate graduate attributes (requisite 21st century workforce skills, abilities and behaviors), especially graduate demonstrated articulation and communication (publication) skills and abilities. Findings – The conclusions drawn in this paper align with the literatures’ support of derived benefits from UR experiences and its comp...
Trends in spatial and temporal levels of persistent organic pollutants in Lake Erie sediments.

A Lake Erie sediment survey was conducted in 1997 to characterize spatial trends in contamination, and for comparison with a 1971 survey to assess any changes in environmental quality since the advent of measures to reduce contaminant sources. Contaminant data for some contaminant classes in 1971 was based on analysis of frozen archived samples, thereby allowing a direct comparison between surficial sediment contamination in 1971 and 1997 based on modern analytical methods. Lake-wide contaminant concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and organochlorine compounds including hexachlorobenzene and the DDT compounds in 1997 were substantially lower, compared to levels in samples collected in 1971. Lake-wide average sediment PCB levels were found to have decreased roughly 70% from 136 ng/g in 1971 to 43 ng/g in 1997. Similarly, reductions in other compound classes ranged from 40% to 80%. In 1997, some individual contaminants classes including PCBs exhibited a spatial trend toward increasing sediment contamination from the eastern basin to the western basin, and from the north-central basin to the south-central basin. Levels of organic contaminants in sediments in some areas of Lake Erie still exceeded the strictest Canadian Federal and Ontario Provincial guidelines. However, exceedances of guidelines describing contaminated environments in 1997 were predominately restricted to the western basin and near-shore sites in the southern part of the central basin.
Navigating Breast Cancer: Axon Guidance Molecules as Breast Cancer Tumor Suppressors and Oncogenes

Slit, Netrin, Ephrin, and Semaphorin’s roles in development have expanded greatly in the past decade from their original characterization as axon guidance molecules (AGMs) to include roles as regulators of tissue morphogenesis and development in diverse organs. In the mammary gland, AGMs are important for maintaining normal cell proliferation and adhesion during development. The frequent dysregulation of AGM expression during tumorigenesis and tumor progression suggests that AGMs also play a crucial role as tumor suppressors and oncogenes in breast cancer. Moreover, these findings suggest that AGMs may be excellent targets for new breast cancer prognostic tests and more effective therapeutic strategies.
Interactions between newly formed endothelial channels and carcinoma cells in plasma clot culture

Bovine capillary endothelial cells (BCEC), cultured in suspension on a rotary shaker, formed aggregates ranging from 50 to 300 µm in diameter. In plasma clot these aggregates sprouted in multiple directions and gave rise to vascular channels. Aggregates of the squamous cell carcinoma line of rat bladder NBT-II-81, cultured in plasma clot, formed solid spheroids that grew slowly by expansion. When cultured together with BCEC, however, NBT-I I-81 infiltrated the plasma clot extensively. The tumor cells, after establishing contacts with the vascular channels, spread into the fibrin meshwork using the subendothelial space as their path of propagation. Endothelial cells that were separated from the surrounding matrix by invading tumor cells degenerated, leaving behind channels lined only by neoplastic epithelium. The adhesive properties of the subendothelial matrix were studied by seeding NBT-I I-81 cells on dishes coated with the extracellular matrix produced by BCEC. Tumor cells attached readily and in large numbers to dishes coated with the subendothelial matrix. In contrast they attached poorly to dishes coated with fibrin. We conclude that the spread of carcinoma cells into plasma clot is markedly enhanced by endothelial channels, developed in the absence of blood flow. The production of a highly adhesive extracellular matrix by the capillary endothelium during angiogenesis may represent an important element in the preferential growth of the tumor along the vascular route.
From Jerusalem to Baghdad? Israel and the War in Iraq

The prevailing opinion that the Bush administration took the United States to war against Iraq in March 2003 under false pretenses has led many to believe that Israel’s security was the secret rationale for the war. According to this ‘‘war for Israel’’ thesis, neoconservative policymakers in the Bush administration, the pro-Israel lobby in the United States, and Israel’s government all pushed the United States to go to war with Iraq for the sake of Israel’s security. This article critically assesses this controversial claim and examines Israel’s role in the U.S. decision to invade Iraq. I argued that while neoconservatives were instrumental in promoting the Iraq war, Israel was not their primary concern and that although American Jewish organizations and the Israeli government did largely support the Iraq war, they did not seek it or actively lobby for it.
An ‘assumed deviatoric stress–pressure–velocity’ mixed finite element method for unsteady, convective, incompressible viscous flow: Part I: Theoretical development

A formulation of a mixed finite element method for the analysis of unsteady, convective, incompressible viscous flow is presented in which: (i) the deviatoric-stress, pressure, and velocity are discretized in each element, (ii) the deviatoric stress and pressure are subject to the constraint of the homogeneous momentum balance condition in each element, a priori, (iii) the convective acceleration is treated by the conventional Galerkin approach, (iv) the finite element system of equations involves only the constant term of the pressure field (which can otherwise be an arbitrary polynomial) in each element, in addition to the nodal velocities, and (v) all integrations are performed by the necessary order quadrature rules. A fundamental analysis of the stability of the numerical scheme is presented. The method is easily applicable to 3-dimensional problems. However, solutions to several problems of 2-dimensional Navier-Stokes' flow, and their comparisons with available solutions in terms of accuracy and efficiency, are discussed in detail in Part II of this paper.
The muscle relaxant effects produced by Potentilla anserina extracts. I. Fractionation studies

Preliminary studies of the muscle relaxant effects produced in vitro by ethyl and methyl acetate fractionation of Potentilla anserina extracts are reported. This activity has been compared with that of papaverine hydrochloride. There is evidence that the activity is produced by a glycoside or mixture of glycosides present in largest amounts in acetate extractives of the drug.
How long does it take a cell to divide

Keywords: cell division time; microscopy; non-Poisson analysis; mitotic cell identification
Corrigendum to: "Display cloning: functional identification of natural product receptors using cDNA-phage display" [Chemistry & Biology 6 (1999) 707-716].

The Display Cloning protocol can be used to select proteins directly from cDNA phage display libraries using small molecule probes, as originally claimed. The number of selection rounds is greater than initially reported, but remains within useful parameters. It should be noted that since the original publication, two other reports of cDNA phage display cloning have been described [[3]xZozulya, S, Lioubin, M, Hill, R.J, Abram, C, and Gishizky, M.L. Nat. Biotechnol. 1999; 17: 1193–1198Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (65)See all References, [4]xCochran, D, Webster, C, Masih, G, and McCafferty, J. J. Mol. Biol. 2000; 297: 89–97Crossref | PubMed | Scopus (35)See all References].
Depth profile measurement in PMMA-PTFE sandwich structure using dynamic FAB-MS

Abstract Fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS) is used to perform depth profile measurement of an artificial PMMA-PTFE thin film sandwich. It is shown that either the total ion current change or characteristic polymer fragment intensity changes (with respect to time) can be used to locate and study the polymer-polymer interface. Primary and secondary particle beam effects (crater-edge effects, radiation damage accumulation and surface morphology development) are documented and the potential for more advanced FAB-MS polymer-polymer interface studies based on further optimization of experimental conditions is discussed.
‘Your household accounts have always been so interesting’: family relations and gender politics in Lincoln's two ‘houses’

Since the release of Stephen Spielberg's Lincoln (2012), film critics and scholars have debated the film's depictions of race and who was responsible for abolition, as well as its historical accuracy and the actors' portrayals of the Lincolns and key characters in the White House and House of Representatives. There has been a more scattered response, however, to the film's representations of family relationships and gender politics. This essay explores how the film blends twenty-first century perceptions about nineteenth-century expectations of fathers and mothers, men and women, and political and familial agency. The film encourages this type of analysis by turning the two ‘Houses’ into sites for affirming, reinforcing, policing, and challenging gender appropriate practices.
A solvent extraction technique for determining nanogram per liter concentrations of cadmium, copper, nickel and zinc in sea water

Abstract A dithizone—chloroform extraction technique for determining ng l-1 levels of Cd, Cu, Ni and Zn in sea water is described. Nickel extraction requires the addition of dimethylglyoxime. The metals are concentrated from 100 ml of sea water into 2.0 ml of dilute nitric acid and subsequently determined by electrothermal atomic absorption specteometry. Extraction parameters, interferences and contamination considerations are discussed. The precision, based on replicate analyses, is around 10% for the four metals, and the recovery is quantitative, based on analysis of spiked samples. The application of this technique to fresh-water samples is also discussed.
On the time-splitting scheme used in the Princeton Ocean Model

The analysis of the time-splitting procedure implemented in the Princeton Ocean Model (POM) is presented. The time-splitting procedure uses different time steps to describe the evolution of interacting fast and slow propagating modes. In the general case the exact separation of the fast and slow modes is not possible. The main idea of the analyzed procedure is to split the system of primitive equations into two systems of equations for interacting external and internal modes. By definition, the internal mode varies slowly and the crux of the problem is to determine the proper filter, which excludes the fast component of the external mode variables in the relevant equations. The objective of this paper is to examine properties of the POM time-splitting procedure applied to equations governing the simplest linear non-rotating two-layer model of constant depth. The simplicity of the model makes it possible to study these properties analytically. First, the time-split system of differential equations is examined for two types of the determination of the slow component based on an asymptotic approach or time-averaging. Second, the differential-difference scheme is developed and some criteria of its stability are discussed for centered, forward, or backward time-averaging of the external mode variables. Finally, the stability of the POM time-splitting schemes with centered and forward time-averaging is analyzed. The effect of the Asselin filter on solutions of the considered schemes is studied. It is assumed that questions arising in the analysis of the simplest model are inherent in the general model as well.
Microstructure sensitivity of fretting fatigue based on computational crystal plasticity

Three-dimensional finite element simulations are conducted to study the effects of microstructure on the fretting fatigue behavior of duplex Ti-6AI-4V. These fretting simulations involve a rigid cylindrical indenter pressed on the half space of Ti-6Al-4V with different realizations of microstructure. The deformation behaviors of the primary α and α/β lamellar phases at room temperature are described by three-dimensional crystal plasticity constitutive relations. Microstructure attributes considered in this sensitivity study include crystallographic texture, grain size, and grain size distribution. Voronoi tessellation is used to construct the three-dimensional finite element models with various grain size distributions. The plastic strain behaviors and the distribution of the average maximum plastic shear strain among grains are analyzed and contrasted. The relative susceptibility for crack formation, including effects of various microstructure features, is determined using the Fatemi-Socie parameter. The results suggest that both average grain size and especially crystallographic texture have more influence on the plastic deformation and fretting fatigue behavior than grain size distribution for the fretting condition considered.
Structure of the transition state of gating in the acetylcholine receptor channel pore: A Φ-value analysis

The gating mechanism of the acetylcholine receptor channel (AChR) was investigated by using rate equilibrium linear free energy relationships (LFERs) to probe the transition state between the closed and open conformations. The properties of the transition state of gating in the second transmembrane segment (M2) of the δ subunit, one of the five homologous pore-lining segments, was measured on a residue-by-residue basis. Series of point mutations were engineered at individual positions of this domain, and the corresponding constructs were characterized electrophysiologically, at the single-channel level. Fully liganded AChR opening and closing rate constants were estimated, and Φ-values (which are a measure of the extent of the conformational change realized at the transition state) were calculated for each reaction series as the slope of the Bronsted relationship (log rate constant versus log equilibrium constant). Our results indicate that, at the transition state of gating, the extracellular half of δM2...
MESSAGE DISTORTION AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS IN NORTHERN INDIA

Summary MESSAGE DISTORTION AND THE DIFFUSION OF INNOVATIONS IN NORTHERN INDIA This study investigates message distortion in an analysis of data gathered in the context of planned change, agricultural development in northern India. Data were obtained from professional change agents, respondents in frequent contact with these agents, and respondents having little or no such contact. It was hypothesized that perceptions of innovations would differ most from their original form at the beginning of the informal communication network through which they were transmitted. The hypothesis was supported. The data showed a pronounced cleavage in perceptions of innovations between change agents and their farmer clients, especially those in close contact with the agents. Implications of differences in perceptions of innovations between change agents and their clientele are discussed in terms of diffusion theory and change program success. Resume DISTORSION DU MESSAGE ET DIFFUSION DES INNOVATIONS DANS l'INDE DU NORD Cette etude a pour objet la distorsion du contenu d'un message grâce a l'analyse de donnees recueillies dans un processus d'evolution planifiee. Ces donnees ont ete recueillies aupres d'agents responsables de ce developpement, d'agriculteurs en contact plus ou moins frequent avec ces agents, voire meme sans contact aucun. l'hypothese emise etait que la perception des innovations differa sensiblement du message originel en fonction du reseau de communications informel, au moyen duquel il est vehicule. Cette hypothese a ete confirmee. Les donnees montrent un clivage tres net dans les perceptions de l'innovation entre les responsables du developpement et les agriculteurs, en particulier ceux qui sont en contact etroit avec ces responsables. Les implications de ces differences de perception entre responsables et clients sont ici analyses en fonction de la theorie de la diffusion et de la reussite du plan de transformation. Zusammenfassung ENTSTELLUNG VON MITTEILUNGEN BEI DER VERBREITUNG VON NEUERUNGEN IN NORD-INDIEN In der Studie wird die Entstellung von Mitteilungen anhand von Daten untersucht, die im Zusammenhang mit geplantem Wandel der landwirtschaftlichen Entwicklung in Nord-Indien gesammelt wurden. Die Daten kommen von hauptberuflichen Beratern, von Befragten mit haufigem Kontakt zu den Beratern und solchen mit seltenerem oder fehlendem Kontakt. Die Hypothese lautete: Die Aufnahme von Neuerungen unterscheidet sich zu Beginn des informalen Kommunikationsnetzes, durch das die Neuerungen vermittelt werden, am starksten von ihrer ursprunglichen Form. Die Hypothese wurde bestatigt. Die Daten zeigen ausgesprochene Unter-schiede in der Aufnahme von Neuerungen zwischen Beratern auf der einen Seite und ihren bauerlichen Klienten, besonders jenen, die in engem Kontakt mit den Beratern standen, auf der anderen Seite. Die Folgerungen aus diesen Unterschieden in der Aufnahme von Neuerungen zwischen Beratern und ihrer Klienten werden anhand der Diffusionstheorie und im Hinblick auf den Erfolg des Wandlungsprogramms diskutiert.
An Educational Intervention Reduces the Rate of Inappropriate Echocardiograms on an Inpatient Medical Service

Objectives This study sought to prospectively study the impact of an appropriate use criteria (AUC)-based educational intervention on transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) ordering among house staff on the inpatient general internal medicine service at an academic medical center. Background AUC for TTE were developed in response to concerns about inappropriate use of TTE. To date, educational interventions based on the AUC to reduce inappropriate use of TTE have not been prospectively studied. Methods A prospective, time series analysis of an educational intervention was conducted and then compared with TTE ordering on the same medical service during a control period. The intervention consisted of: 1) a lecture to house staff on the 2011 AUC for TTE; 2) a pocket card that applied the AUC to common clinical scenarios; and 3) biweekly e-mail feedback regarding ordering behavior. TTE ordering was tracked over the intervention period on a daily basis and feedback reports were e-mailed at 2-week intervals. The primary outcome was the proportion of inappropriate and appropriate TTE ordered during the intervention period. Results Of all TTEs ordered in the control and study periods, 99% and 98%, respectively, were classifiable using the 2011 AUC. During the study period, there was a 26% reduction in the number of TTE ordered per day compared with the number ordered during the control period (2.9 vs. 3.9 TTE, p Conclusions A simple educational intervention produced a significant reduction in the proportion of inappropriate TTE and increased the proportion of appropriate TTE ordered on an inpatient academic medical service. This study provides a practical approach for using the AUC to reduce the number of inappropriate TTE. Further study in other practice environments is warranted.
Genetic evaluation of the pediatric patient with hypotonia: perspective from a hypotonia specialty clinic and review of the literature

Aim Hypotonia is a symptom of diminished tone of skeletal muscle associated with decreased resistance of muscles to passive stretching, which can be caused by abnormalities of the central nervous system, any element of the lower motoneuron, or both. Hypotonia is not a specific diagnosis, but can be part of over 500 different genetic disorders, with many other conditions waiting to be identified. This review proposes a pragmatic approach to evaluating hypotonia in neonatal and pediatric populations by using a diagnostic algorithm. Method We use a dedicated literature review combined with clinical experience in a newly established multidisciplinary center for hypotonia to establish a diagnostic algorithm. Results Hypotonia can be a symptom of over 500 different genetic disorders. It can present as peripheral, central, or combined hypotonia, providing necessity for rational and systematic diagnostic testing. Interpretation Our analyses demonstrate that a staged diagnostic approach categorizing patients as having peripheral, central, or combined hypotonia is the most efficient to providing a rational work-up. Establishing a diagnosis is crucial for prognosis, management, and treatment strategies, and for ascertaining an accurate recurrence risk for future offspring in a family.
Bioenergetics Modeling as a Salmonine Management Tool Applied to Minnesota Waters of Lake Superior

Abstract Lake Superior's fish community has undergone dramatic changes since the mid-1950s, with major shifts in the forage base, invasion of exotics, and decline of lake trout Salvelinus namaycush. Predator species have been introduced, and many of these are maintained by stocking. The impact of these stocked fish on the forage base and the ability of the forage base to sustain projected stocking levels are unknown. Bioenergetics modeling is a particularly useful tool for coordinating data to answer questions about predator–prey dynamics, stocking quotas, and forage requirements. This study focused on the Minnesota waters of Lake Superior to gain perspective on the impact of fish stocked by Minnesota and to serve as a basis for future expansion of the analysis to all parts of the lake. The objectives of this study were to compile data on the major salmonines in Minnesota waters of Lake Superior for use in a bioenergetics model, to estimate salmonine predation on prey populations through modeling simulati...
An Arctic Lichen, Siphula ceratites , in Scotland

I DISCOVERED a large colony of the arctic lichen Siphula ceratites (Wg.) Fr. in April 1955 on the Coulin Forest of Wester Ross (lat. 57° 32′ N., long. 5° 22′ W.). The species is circumpolar, markedly disjunct and predominantly coastal in its distribution1. It has been recorded from western and northern Norway, Swedish and Finnish Lappmark, the Petsamo area, Novaya Zemlaya, Siberia, Japan, the Aleutian Islands, the Bering Strait region and the Himalaya but not hitherto from the British Isles.
Variables predictive of bone marrow metastasis

Metastasis to bone marrow, though frequently occult, is an important clinical finding. Variables which correlate with carcinoma metastatic to bone marrow were studied retrospectively in 103 patients with malignancy whose bone marrow biopsies demonstrated metastatic disease. Sixty-six patients with metastatic cancer whose bone marrow biopsies were negative, served as controls. Since no single finding was diagnostic of marrow cancer, multiple variables were analyzed by a stepwise discriminate analysis program. The four parameters which strongly correlated with marrow involvement were the leukoerythroblastic blood pattern, a serum lactic dehydrogenase over 500 IU/liter, a platelet count under 100,000/μ1 and bone pain. Four parameters correlated less well and included a positive bone scan, hematocrit under 30%, uric acid over 10 mg/dl and blood urea nitrogen over 25 mg/dl. These data should help the clinician select those cancer patients with a high probability of marrow involvement. Cancer 42:2373–2378, 1978.
Opiate and opioid peptide binding in rat goldfish: further evidence for opiate receptor heterogeneity.

Abstract The binding of a series of 3 H-labeled mu, kappa, sigma and delta opioidagonist and an antagonist has been examined in rat and goldfish brain membranes. A variety of treatment, including NaCl, N-ethylmaleimide and chymotrypsin show dramatic differences both between the two species and between the different 3 H-ligands.
Kinetics of Heterogeneous Reaction of CaCO3 Particles with Gaseous HNO3 over a Wide Range of Humidity

Heterogeneous reaction kinetics of gaseous nitric acid (HNO3) with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) particles was investigated using a particle-on-substrate stagnation flow reactor (PS-SFR). This technique utilizes the exposure of substrate deposited, isolated, and narrowly dispersed particles to a gas mixture of HNO3/H2O/N2, followed by microanalysis of individual reacted particles using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (CCSEM/EDX). The first series of experiments were conducted at atmospheric pressure, room temperature and constant relative humidity (40%) with a median dry particle diameter of Dp = 0.85 μm, particle loading densities 2 × 104 ≤ Ns ≤ 6 × 106 cm-2 and free stream HNO3 concentrations of 7, 14, and 25 ppb. The apparent, pseudo first-order rate constant for the reaction was determined from oxygen enrichment in individual particles as a function of particle loading. Quantitative treatment of the data using a diffusion-kinetic model yields a lower...
Media discourse of corporate social responsibility in China: a content analysis of newspapers

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) in China is an issue of global concern. China's business sector has been facing criticisms both at home and abroad for its unsatisfactory records on environmental conservation, business transparency, labor conditions, and product safety. Even some multinational corporations are said to have lowered their ethical standards when they operate in China. Media are a major stakeholder in defining and promoting CSR, and media coverage of CSR sets the agendas for the public and, to some extent, for corporations, by raising awareness about CSR issues and selectively emphasizing certain aspects of CSR. Guided by theories of agenda setting, framing, and agenda building, this paper reports a content analysis of the CSR coverage in five leading Chinese newspapers in 2009 and shows that China's newspapers predominately define CSR as companies' responsibilities towards the community, employees, and customers. Furthermore, the country's leading newspapers have yet to play an active r...
Nonmonotonic Behavior of the Threshold Current of Compressively Strained 1.3 μm InGaAsP Lasers with Hydrostatic Pressure

Hydrostatic pressure measurements of the threshold current of 1.3 μm compressively strained InGaAsP multiple quantum well lasers show an initial decrease up to 1.2 GPa followed by an increase at higher pressures. This behavior is explained by considering the changes in the differential gain and optical losses determined from measurements of the spontaneous emission and of the external differential efficiency as a function of pressure, respectively.
Statin Therapy May Be Associated With Lower Mortality in Patients With Diastolic Heart Failure A Preliminary Report

Background— No therapy has been shown to improve survival in heart failure (HF) with a normal ejection fraction (EF). There are plausible reasons to hypothesize that statins may be of benefit in HF with a normal EF. Methods and Results— We evaluated 137 patients with HF and an EF ≥0.50. The effect of treatment received at study entry on survival was determined. During a follow-up of 21±12 months, 20 deaths were observed. Treatment with an ACE inhibitor or receptor blocker, β-blocker, or calcium blocker had no significant effect on survival. In contrast, treatment with a statin was associated with a substantial improvement in survival (relative risk of death [95% CI] 0.22 [0.07 to 0.64]; P=0.006). Patients receiving statins had higher baseline LDL cholesterol than those not receiving statins (153±45 versus 98±33 mg/dL, P<0.01). After statin therapy, LDL cholesterol levels fell to a similar level (101±32 mg/dL) as in patients not receiving statins (98±33 mg/dL). After adjustment for differences in baseline ...
Gas-phase tropospheric chemistry of organic compounds: A review

The current knowledge of the gas-phase reactions occurring in the troposphere for alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, oxygenates and aromatic hydrocarbons and their photooxidation products is reviewed, and areas of uncertainty identified.
Animals without genitals: Race and transsubstantiation

How might one think about modes of trans-ness in conjunction with animality? “Trans-animality” can simultaneously refer to gender and species, while sexuality, geopolitics and race remain in full scope. This trans-generic thought piece invokes the theoretical lens of a Deleuzian “body without organs,” bringing into suggestive resonance several instances of cultural production from the last few decades of the twentieth century. Each discursive instance ostensibly opposes non-human animals to humans in ways that crucially, and perhaps unusually, implicate the presence or absence of sex: film (Oshima's Max, mon amour), contemporary art (Xu Bing), and language philosophy (J.L. Austin). I argue that each plumbs animals’ symbolic force as a third term, bearing its own particular imprint of racialization and sexualization in a shared era of geopolitical contestation and postcoloniality. In doing so, I consider the epistemological lessons made possible by thinking about trans-animality in terms of sex.
Infrared Point Sensors for Homeland Defense Applications

We report recent progress toward the development of infrared point sensors for the detection of chemical warfare agents and explosive related chemicals, which pose a significant threat to both health and environment. Technical objectives have focused on the development of polymer sorbents to enhance the infrared response of these hazardous organic compounds. For example, infrared point sensors which part-per-billion detection limits have been developed that rapidlypartition chemical warfare agents and explosive related chemicals into polymer thin films with desirable chemical and physical properties. These chemical sensors demonstrate novel routes to reversible sensing of hazardous organic compounds. The development of small, low-power, sensitive, and selective instruments employing these chemical sensors would enhance the capabilities of federal, state, and local emergency response to incidents involving chemical terrorism. Specific applications include chemical defense systems for military personnel and homeland defense, environmental monitors for remediation and demilitarization, and point source detectors for emergency and maintenance response teams.
Transient Analysis of Microorganism Temperature and Evaporative Losses in an Algae Biofilm Photobioreactor

This study describes the thermal modeling of a novel algal biofilm photobioreactor aimed at cultivating algae for biofuel production. The thermal model is developed to assess the photo-bioreactor’s thermal profile and evaporative water loss rate for a range of environmental parameters, including relative humidity, ambient air temperature, solar irradiation, and wind speed. First, a 24 hour simulation of the system has been performed using environmental data for Memphis, TN, USA on a typical spring day to assess the diurnal variations in system performance. Then, a sensitivity analysis is performed to assess the effect of each environmental parameter on the temperature and evaporative losses of the photobioreactor. It is observed that because of the high surface area-to-volume ratio of the system, the temperature of the system exceeds that of the maximum ambient temperature during daylight hours by approximately 0.5 °C and is lower than the minimum ambient temperature at night by approximately 1.4 °C because of evaporative and radiative cooling. Furthermore, without active cooling, the characteristic evaporative water loss from the system is approximately 4.8 L/m2 -day.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Taxation of Multinational Corporations

Multinational taxation is an area of research that encompasses academics in accounting, finance and economics. In particular, researchers are interested in determining whether taxation alters where multinational corporations (MNCs) operate their businesses. A review of the literature on foreign direct investment provides clear support for taxes influencing MNCs' location decisions. In addition, MNCs appear to organize themselves in a manner to increase the amount of their profitsinvested in relatively lightly taxed jurisdictions. By altering the location and the character of income across jurisdictions, MNCs are able to reduce their tax burdens. The natural extension of these lines of research, then, is determining the welfare consequences of MNCs' sensitivity to taxation.
Limited IL-6 production following infection with murine gammaherpesvirus 68.

Murine gammaherpesvirus 68 (γHV-68) was found to induce IL-6 secretion following in vitro infection of macrophages, but not cultured dendritic or epithelial cells. A detectable, but very limited IL-6 response was observed in the lungs and mediastinal lymph nodes following intranasal infection. Surprisingly, no detectable in vivo IL-6 production was observed in the spleen or sera of infected mice despite observable systemic leukocytosis. These studies demonstrate that endogenous IL-6 production contributes little to the host response, or to the viral-induced mononucleosis-like disease, due to the fact that limiting amounts of this cytokine are produced in vivo during γHV-68 infection.
Theorizing ICT4D Research

The aim of this special issue is to show how theoretical ideas from the social sciences can be applied to researching ICTs and socioeconomic development. Why should this be needed? Because the explosion of work on ICTs for development (ICT4D) has (unconsciously) followed Marx’s dictum: “The philosophers have only interpreted the world differently; the point is, to change it.” There has been a bias to action, not a bias to knowledge. We are changing the world without interpreting or understanding it. Most of the ICT4D research being produced is therefore descriptive not analytical. It might make some interesting points but it lacks sufacient rigor to make its andings credible and it can often be repetitive of earlier work. It has a close-to-zero shelf life. The pictorial analogy of such work is that of stones being thrown into a pond, each one making a ripple but then sinking without trace. Instead, it would be better if each “stone” was placed on a cairn, building on what has come before and acting as a foundation for future work. Such a contribution is generally possible only where the research draws on some preexisting conceptual framework. Of course, there are existing and ongoing research foundations for ICT4D work, which we can and particularly in various factions of “informatics”:
RELATIVISTIC QED IN (2+1)-DIMENSIONAL SPACE: THE INTEGER AND FRACTIONAL QUANTIZED HALL EFFECTS

A unified theory of the phenomena of the integer and the fractional quantized Hall effects (FQHE) is presented within the framework of quantum electrodynamics in 2+1 dimensions. It is demonstrated that FQHE emerges naturally from a nonperturbative, weak coupling (ladder approximation) solution of a linearized Dyson–Schwinger equation for massive electrons interacting with massless photons. The Chern–Simons term plays no role in this analysis.
Risk Mediation Cloud Service: Constructing Statistical Models of Patient Adherence for Sustainable Case Management

Regimen adherence is a common problem among chronic disease patients and has posed tremendous challenges to sustainable case management. Intervening on every single non-adherence case often creates unnecessary burdens for providers and considerable annoyance for patients, leading to wastes of resources and increasing patient churn rates. In current practice, mitigating the risk of non-adherence cases is a labor-intensive task that requires additional efforts from healthcare professionals to handle on a case-by-case basis. Previous work has investigated into the possibility of modeling patient adherence behavior, but left questions about the accountability of such models in services. With the prevalence of mobile devices and maturing cloud-based service models, more patient data are fed to cloud services from a variety of sources (e.g., health records, surveys, sensors, embedded GPS modules). In this paper, we propose a risk mitigation service that can utilize heterogeneous patient behavioral data sources to construct statistical models of adherence and estimate intervention need. We design evaluations to examine a number of dimensions in statistical models of patient adherence and their impacts on the task of determining critical cases and patient propensity to churn. Finally, we demonstrate how the new service is designed to assist adherence case management with models that can classify cases of different intervention needs and discuss its applications, limitations, and sustainability issues.
Hepatic Function during Reticulo-endothelial Hyperfunction and Hyperplasia

THE cell wall preparation from Saccharomyces cerevisiae, designated as zymosan, has been reported to possess a variety of biological activities which include the ability, in as yet an undefined manner, to induce an increase in the functional activity of reticulo-endothelial cells1–4. The hyperphagocytic state was associated with pronounced hypertrophy of organs containing predominantly reticulo-endothelial cells4,5. Based on the incorporation of tritium-labelled thymidine into hepatic DNA following a single injection of zymosan, the hyperplasia was observed to be the result of a specific reticulo-endothelial or littoral cell proliferation2.
THE ROLE OF MICROBIC VIRULENCE, DOSAGE, AND HOST RESISTANCE IN DETERMINING THE SPREAD OF BACTERIAL INFECTIONS AMONG MICE : II. B. FRIEDLAENDERI-LIKE INFECTION.

1. Several mouse populations under experimental observation were infected with B. enteritidis typhoid. The infection took the form of periods of low grade mortality interspersed with epidemiform outbreaks. During the periods of low grade mortality, the number of daily deaths was either relatively constant or rhythmic in 9 day intervals. The epidemiform outbreaks were associated invariably with some definite environmental disturbance. 2. The spread of this infection was not influenced by the presence of bacteriophage or the bacterial-dissociation phenomena. 3. The virulence or disease-producing power of B. enteritidis was found to be constant during all pre-epidemic, epidemic, and endemic phases of the infection. 4. The dosage of B. enteritidis available to a population at a given time was found to vary directly with mortality at a time difference approximating that of the incubation period of the disease. 5. The amount and severity of B. enteritidis infection in the populations were controlled experimentally by varying the diet from adequate to optimum constituents and by varying the daily immigrants from a relatively resistant to a susceptible race of mice.
Effect of nitrotyrosine on endothelial cell dysfunction: a novel mechanism

INTRODUCTION: Peroxynitrite is a major nitrating intermediate of myeloperoxidase (MPO) and other oxidative conditions in human atherosclerotic lesions. Among its many targets is the molecule tyrosine which results in its conversion to nitrotyrosine (NTR). Levels of NTR have recently been shown to be elevated in atherosclerotic plaques. However, the exact role of NTR in atherosclerosis remains unclear.
Children's Primary Health Care Services: A Social‐Cognitive Model of Sustained High Use

Significant percentages of children exhibit patterns of sustained high use of primary health care services. Unfortunately, current models fail to explain the processes that drive and maintain such patterns. We draw upon the pediatric utilization and social-cognitive literature to develop a model that explains the mechanisms that ultimately drive and maintain patterns of prolonged high use. Specifically, we propose that parental stress and low self-efficacy for coping with various parenting and life demands interact to drive the utilization of pediatric services. We outlined sequelae of frequent physician that serve to maintain high use. This model suggests a number of psychological interventions that clinical health psychologists might undertake to remediate inappropriate, sustained high use of children's primary healthcare services.