cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sequence-dependent enhancement of paclitaxel toxicity in non-small cell lung cancer by 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin

Abstract Objective: Overexpression of the oncogene erbB-2 contributes to chemoresistance in various malignant tumors including lung cancer. The aim of this study was to investigate whether depletion of the erbB-2 gene product (p185) by 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin would sensitize lung cancer cells to paclitaxel (Taxol) in vitro. Methods: Paclitaxel cytotoxicity was evaluated in a panel of non–small cell lung cancer cell lines that expressed varying levels of p185 by means in vitro proliferation assays and 2 drug combination schedules. Cell cycle kinetics and apoptosis after exposure to paclitaxel or paclitaxel plus 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin were analyzed by flow cytometry. Results: The 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin treatment efficiently depleted p185 expression in lung cancer cells. Concurrent exposure of these cells to paclitaxel and 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin significantly enhanced paclitaxel-mediated cytotoxicity, particularly in cells which overexpressed p185. There was a 1.3 to more than 20-fold reduction of paclitaxel 50% inhibitory concentration values in those cells that were responding positively to the drug combination. Significant induction of apoptosis was observed after treatment of cells with the combination of paclitaxel and 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin. The combination cytotoxic effect was only additive in cells expressing low levels of p185. In contrast, of lung cancer cells with exposure to 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin before combined paclitaxel and 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin exposure actually rendered the cells refractory to paclitaxel cytotoxicity. Conclusion: The compound 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin sensitizes non–small cell lung cancer cells expressing high levels of p185 to paclitaxel-mediated growth arrest and apoptosis. These preclinical data support the evaluation of the combination of paclitaxel and 17-allylamino 17-demethoxygeldanamycin in the treatment of patients with lung cancer whose tumors exhibit p185 overexpression. (J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1999;118:908-15)
The Discovery of Statins

This year, the Lasker Foundation confers its Clinical Medical Research Award on Akira Endo for his isolation from fungi of statins, potent inhibitors of cholesterol synthesis in the liver. The introduction of statins to clinical practice has markedly reduced morbidity and mortality from atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.
Quantifying the defensive medicine contribution to primary care costs

AbstractBackground:Defensive medicine represents one cause of economic losses in healthcare. Studies that measured its cost have produced conflicting results.Objective:To directly measure the proportion of primary care costs attributable to defensive medicine.Research design and methods:Six-week prospective study of primary care physicians from four outpatient practices. On 3 distinct days, participants were asked to rate each order placed the day before on the extent to which it represented defensive medicine, using a 5-point scale from 0 (not at all defensive) to 4 (entirely defensive).Main outcome measures:This study calculated the order defensiveness score for each order (the defensiveness/4) and the physician defensive score (the mean of all orders defensiveness scores). Each order was assigned a weighted cost by multiplying the total cost of that order (based on Medicare reimbursement rates) by the order defensiveness score. The proportion of total cost attributable to defensive medicine was calcula...
Crosslinking CD81 Results in Activation of TCRγδ T Cells

CD81 is expressed on most cells and is associated with other glycoproteins, including CD4 and CD8, to form multimolecular membrane complexes. Crosslinking of CD81 on TCRalphabeta(+) T cells results in costimulatory signals that have been proposed to be mediated via CD4 or CD8. In this study, we show that CD81 is also expressed on TCRgammadelta(+)CD4(-)CD8(-) T cells. CD81 crosslinking greatly enhanced anti-CD3 activation of both TCRalphabeta(+) (CD4+ and CD8+) and TCRgammadelta(+) T cells with regard to IFN-gamma production. However, crosslinking of CD81 molecules on TCRgammadelta(+) T cells, in the absence of anti-CD3 stimulation, resulted in cytokine production and enhanced IL-2-induced proliferation, demonstrating that physical association with CD4 or CD8 is not necessary for CD81 signaling. In contrast, crosslinking of CD81 on TCRalphabeta(+) T cells, in the absence of anti-CD3 stimulation, failed to activate these T cells. These results suggest that CD81 signaling may be mediated via a different mechanism(s) in TCRgammadelta(+) versus TCRalphabeta(+) T cells.
Dispersion in stacked-membrane chromatography

Abstract A study was conducted of the separation efficiency of a chromatography column consisting of layers of porous polyvinyl chloride membranes incorporating submicron silica particles. It was determined that dispersion inside the membrane was the dominant bandbroadening mechanism under most conditions. Experimental data are discussed and compared with previous work.
Recovery of Mammalian Nerve Fibres in Vivo

An isolated nerve fibre, as it recovers from the condition of absolute refractoriness which follows activity, is known under suitable conditions to pass through 3 successive phases, relative refractoriness, supernormality, and subnormality.1, 2, 3 We have attempted to determine the course of recovery of nerve fibres in as nearly as possible physiological conditions, i. e., those conditions existing in the body of a healthy, intact animal. Etherized or decorticated rabbits were used, and induction shocks were applied either to the oculomotor nerve in situ,4 or to the sciatic nerve at the level of the trochanter major of the femur. The greatest care was taken to prevent hemorrhage, tissue injury or temperature change. Responses were recorded by means of a cathode ray oscillograph from the internal rectus muscle, the nerve to the inferior oblique muscle, the tibialis or gastrocnemius muscle or the deep peroneal nerve, according to the nerve stimulated. Thirty experiments were performed.The recovery curves ob...
A dynamic simulation of particle deposition on spherical collectors

Abstract In the present study a greatly simplified method is outlined for the prediction of the transient behavior of particle deposition on a spherical collector, taking into consideration a variety of force terms, such as inertial, electrostatic, drag, and gravitational forces. The technique developed, which utilizes the stochastic simulation procedure of Tien et al.[10], is based on the concept of discretizing the fluid control volume into small cubical elements of the same size as the particles. This allows for a ready determination of both primary collection (particle deposition on the collecting sphere) and secondary collection (particle deposition on previously deposited particles). The aerosol dynamic simulations are used to study the important phenomena of the charge neutralization of a collecting sphere by the deposition of oppositely charged particles. The methodology given may be of interest in the study of particle filtration and particle coating processes.
Subionospheric VLF observations of transmitter-induced precipitation of inner radiation belt electrons

[1] Ionospheric effects of energetic electron precipitation induced by controlled injection of VLF signals from a ground based transmitter are observed via subionospheric VLF remote sensing. The 21.4 kHz NPM transmitter in Lualualei, Hawaii is keyed ON-OFF in 30 minute periodic sequences. The same periodicity is observed in the amplitude and phase of the sub ionospherically propagating signals of the 24.8 kHz NLK (Jim Creek, Washington) and 25.2 kHz NLM (LaMoure, North Dakota) transmitters measured at Midway Island. Periodic perturbations of the NLK signal observed at Palmer, Antarctica suggest that energetic electrons scattered at longitudes of NPM continue to be precipitated into the atmosphere as they drift toward the South Atlantic Anomaly. Utilizing a model of the magnetospheric waveparticle interaction, ionospheric energy deposition, and subionospheric VLF propagation, the precipitated energy flux induced by the NPM transmitter is estimated to peak at
Extraction of gastric slow waves from electrogastrograms: combining independent component analysis and adaptive signal enhancement.

The electrogastrogram (EGG), a cutaneous measurement of gastric electrical activity, is a mixture of gastric slow waves and noise. To detect the propagation of gastric slow waves, it is desired to obtain gastric slow waves in each of multichannel EGGs. Recently, independent component analysis (ICA) has shown its efficiency in separating the gastric slow wave from noisy multichannel EGGs. However, this method is not able to recover gastric slow waves in each of the multichannel EGGs. In this paper, a twostage combined method was proposed for extracting gastric slow waves. First, ICA was performed to separate the gastric slow wave component from noisy multichannel EGGs. Second, adaptive signal enhancement with a reference input derived by the ICA in the first stage was employed to extract gastric slow waves in each channel. Quantitative analysis showed that, with the proposed method, the maximum root-mean-square error between the estimated time lag and its theoretical value in the simulations was only 0.65. The results from real EGG data demonstrated that the combined method was able to extract gastric slow waves from individual channels of EGGs which are important to identify the slow wave propagation. Therefore, the proposed method can be used to detect propagation of gastric slow waves from multichannel EGGs.
SAGA: socially- and geography-aware mobility modeling framework

In this paper, we introduce a user mobility modeling framework that accounts for both the users' social structure as well as the geographic diversity of the region of interest. SAGA, or Socially- and Geography-Aware mobility model, captures social features through the use of communities which cluster users with similar features such as average time in a cell, average speed, and pause time. SAGA accounts for geographic diversity by considering that different communities exhibit different interests for different locales; therefore, different communities are attracted to certain physical locations with different intensities. Besides introducing SAGA, the contributions of this work include: a model calibration approach based on formal statistical procedures to extract social structures and geographical diversity from real traces and set SAGA's parameters; and validation of SAGA by applying it to real mobility traces. Our experimental results show that, when compared to existing mobility regimes such as Random-Waypoint and Preferential-Attachment based mobility, SAGA is able to preserve the desired non-uniform node spatial density present in real user mobility, creating and maintaining clusters and accounting for differential node popularity and transitivity.
Effects of small-scale phase perturbations on laser oscillator beam quality

A simplified analysis is presented for predicting the effects of small-scale intracavity phase perturbations or scattering centers on the power output and beam quality of high-power laser oscillators. The small-scale perturbations are viewed as scattering energy from the unperturbed lowest order transverse mode of the cavity into numerous higher order transverse modes. These modes are, unfortunately, then regeneratively amplified within the laser cavity. This produces only a small change in the effective output coupling and the total power output from the perturbed laser cavity, but causes a serious deterioration in the far-field brightness and on-axis intensity of the output beam.
Embracing openness: the challenges of OER in Latin American education

The Open Educational Resources (OER) movement and the Open Access began only over a decade ago. During this period, the progress of the Open Educational Resources movement took place in developed countries for the most part. Recently, new projects have begun to emerge with a strong emphasis on open education. Yet, the concept of openness in education is a very innovative one, and it has not been embraced by many. In some regions, such as Latin America, OER is still in its early stages and faces many challenges that need to be addressed. Some of these challenges include awareness raising and capacity development. But there is a bigger challenge to face: embracing openness as a core value and an institutional strategy. In this paper, we offer a brief overview of the meaning of the term “open” in education and we analyze the challenges facing the OER in Latin American countries.
LSND anomaly from CPT violation in four-neutrino models

Abstract The LSND signal for ν μ → ν e oscillations has prompted supposition that there may be a fourth light neutrino or that CPT is violated. Neither explanation provides a good fit to all existing neutrino data. We examine the even more speculative possibility that a four-neutrino model with CPT violation can explain the LSND effect and remain consistent with all other data. We find that models with a 3+1 mass structure in the neutrino sector are viable; a 2+2 structure is permitted only in the antineutrino sector.
Layout extraction and verification methodology for CMOS I/O circuits

This paper presents a layout extraction and verification methodology which targets reliability-driven I/O design for CMOS VLSI chip, specifically to guard against electrostatic discharge (ESD) stress and latchup. We propose a new device extraction approach to identify devices commonly used in CMOS I/O circuits including MOS transistors, field transistors, diffusion and well resistors, diodes and silicon controlled rectifiers (SCRs), etc. Unlike other extractors, our extractor identifies circuit-level netlist based on the specified ESD stress condition. In addition, novel techniques are proposed for the identification of parasitic bipolar junction transistors (BJTs).
Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Centrifugally Cast Alloy 718

The relationship between the microstructure and mechanical properties of alloy 718 was investigated for two discs centrifugally cast at 50 and 200 rpm and given a duplex age heat treatment. The results of mechanical property tests at temperatures from 426 to 649 °C showed that the tensile yield and ultimate strength levels of both castings were similar. However, the creep-rupture properties were considerably enhanced for the casting produced at 200 rpm. Comparison of the radial and transverse creep properties of each disc indicated that creep life was generally independent of orientation, but ductility was greatest for specimens oriented transverse to the radial direction of the casting. Fatigue crack propagation performance was not greatly influenced by orientation or mold speed parameters and was comparable to wrought alloy 718 when compared on the basis of stress intensity factor range. The centrifugal casting process was found to produce a homogeneous microstructure free of porosity but with the expected segregation of solute alloying elements to Laves and carbide phases. The effect of the as-cast microstructure on the mechanical behavior and the potential influence of hot isostatic pressing to improve the microstructure are discussed.
Reduced Renal Clearance of Cefotaxime in Asians with a Low-Frequency Polymorphism of OAT3 (SLC22A8)

Organic anion transporter 3 (OAT3, SLC22A8), a transporter expressed on the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule, plays a critical role in the renal excretion of organic anions including many therapeutic drugs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the in vivo effects of the OAT3-Ile305Phe variant (rs11568482), present at 3.5% allele frequency in Asians, on drug disposition with a focus on cefotaxime, a cephalosporin antibiotic. In HEK293-Flp-In cells, the OAT3-Ile305Phe variant had a lower maximum cefotaxime transport activity, Vmax , [159 ± 3 nmol*(mg protein)(-1) /min (mean ± SD)] compared with the reference OAT3 [305 ± 28 nmol*(mg protein)(-1) /min, (mean ± SD), p < 0.01], whereas the Michaelis-Menten constant values (Km ) did not differ. In healthy volunteers, we found volunteers that were heterozygous for the Ile305Phe variant and had a significantly lower cefotaxime renal clearance (CLR ; mean ± SD: 84.8 ± 32.1 mL/min, n = 5) compared with volunteers that were homozygous for the reference allele (158 ± 44.1 mL/min, n = 10; p = 0.006). Furthermore, the net secretory component of cefotaxime renal clearance (CLsec ) was reduced in volunteers heterozygous for the variant allele [33.3 ± 31.8 mL/min (mean ± SD)] compared with volunteers homozygous for the OAT3 reference allele [97.0 ± 42.2 mL/min (mean ± SD), p = 0.01]. In summary, our study suggests that a low-frequency reduced-function polymorphism of OAT3 associates with reduced cefotaxime CLR and CL(sec) .
Direct evidence for systems-level modulation of initial drug (in)sensitivity in rats

Rationale Some argue that pharmacological effects trigger corrective regulatory responses of varying strength. If so, some commonly used in vivo measures of initial drug sensitivity are difficult to interpret because the measured effects represent a combination of underlying pharmacological effects and regulatory counter-responses with the relative contribution of each influenced by individual and dose-related factors.
pH-Dependent Interdomain Tethers of CD1b Regulate Its Antigen Capture

As CD1 proteins recycle between the cell surface and endosomes, they show altered receptiveness to lipid antigen loading. We hypothesized that changes in proton concentration encountered within distinct endosomal compartments influence the charge state of residues near the entrance to the CD1 groove and thereby control antigen loading. Molecular dynamic models identified flexible areas of the CD1b heavy chain in the superior and lateral walls of the A′ pocket. In these same areas, residues that carry charge in a pH-dependent manner (D60, E62) were found to tether the rigid α1 helix to flexible areas of the α2 helix and the 50-60 loop. After disruption of these tethers with acid pH or mutation, we observed increased association and dissociation of lipids with CD1b and preferential presentation of antigens with bulky lipid tails. We propose that ionic tethers act as molecular switches that respond to pH fluxes during endosomal recycling and regulate the conformation of the CD1 heavy chain to control the size and rate of antigens captured.
Autonomous underwater pipeline monitoring navigation system

This paper details the development of an autonomous motion-control and navigation algorithm for an underwater autonomous vehicle, the Ocean Server IVER3, to track long linear features such as underwater pipelines. As part of this work, the Nonlinear and Autonomous Systems Laboratory (NAS Lab) developed an algorithm that utilizes inputs from the vehicles state of the art sensor package, which includes digital imaging, digital 3-D Sidescan Sonar, and Acoustic Doppler Current Profilers. The resulting algorithms should tolerate real-world waterway with episodic strong currents, low visibility, high sediment content, and a variety of small and large vessel traffic.
Low Dimensional Modeling, Estimation and Control of a Cylinder Wake

The effect of feedback flow control on the wake of a circular cylinder at a Reynolds number of 100 is investigated in direct numerical simulation. Actuation is implemented as displacement of the cylinder normal to the flow. This control approach uses a low dimensional model based on a 15 mode double proper orthogonal decomposition (DPOD). A state estimator was designed to enable full state control by estimating all 15 modes. However, a single input control law that applies linear proportional and differential feedback to the estimate of the first DPOD mode alone is effective. The control law is then modified to allow for multiple inputs which include feedback based on the estimate of the mean flow shift mode. The shift mode provides corrections for spatial variations in the POD Eigenfunctions which result from transient excitations of the cylinder. Results show that while both controller laws stabilize all 15 modes, the multi-input approach appears to be more effective. In the next step, the developed controllers will be validated in a high resolution simulation and in experiments.
Strontium oxide segregation at SrLaAlO4 surfaces

We report observable segregation of strontium oxide at the surface of strontium lanthanum aluminate single-crystals annealed in oxidizing conditions. Electron microscopy imaging and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy showed that Sr and O segregation occurs on strontium lanthanum aluminate surfaces in the form of polycrystalline islands. The appearance of islands on the (100) and other high-free energy surfaces is strongly suggestive of rocksalt SrO formation. The loss of strontium oxide from the bulk is not compensated solely by point defects, but rather by non-stoichiometric stacking faults which locally result in stable perovskite structures.
Mucosal ablation of Barrett esophagus.

Patients with Barrett esophagus and high-grade dysplasia or intramucosal carcinoma have traditionally been managed by esophagectomy. However, the development of endoscopic ablative therapies has changed this management approach. This Review discusses the different endoscopic ablative therapies currently available including tissue-acquiring and non-tissue-acquiring modalities. The success rates and complications of the different techniques are also addressed.
DETERMINANTS AND CONSEQUENCES OF TASK UNCERTAINTY: A LABORATORY AND FIELD INVESTIGATION

This article presents evidence and argument concerning the utility of the concept of task uncertainty for organization theory and practice. The results from two studies, one field and one laboratory, are reported. The results support the hypotheses that: (1) perceptions of task uncertainty are a simple function of the number and analysability of exceptions encountered, and (2) perceptions of task exceptions and search difficulty have distinct relationships with behaviours of interest (communication and decision-making). Given these two findings, it is argued that the concept of task uncertainty should be replaced by the two source constructs.
TUNING STRATEGIES IN CONSTRAINED SIMULATED ANNEALING FOR NONLINEAR GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION

This paper studies various strategies in constrained simulated annealing (CSA), a global optimization algorithm that achieves asymptotic convergence to constrained global minima (CGM) with probability one for solving discrete constrained nonlinear programming problems (NLPs). The algorithm is based on the necessary and sufficient condition for discrete constrained local minima (CLM) in the theory of discrete Lagrange multipliers and its extensions to continuous and mixed-integer constrained NLPs. The strategies studied include adaptive neighborhoods, distributions to control sampling, acceptance probabilities, and cooling schedules. We report much better solutions than the best-known solutions in the literature on two sets of continuous benchmarks and their discretized versions.
Transformation of Kepler orbits to oscillator orbits and the Hamilton-Jacobi equation

Abstract I construct a canonical transformation in the extended phase space that maps orbits of the Kepler problem to orbits of the four-dimensional oscillator with the corresponding change of space and time coordinates that transforms the Hamilton-Jacobi equation. This transformation provides an alternative to the Kustaanheimo-Stiefel transformation.
Double exposure forecasting lens

Abstract All forecasters face the same problems of reliability, validity and credibility. However, just improving the state of the science of trend gathering is not enough. That has to be supplemented by the state of the art of scenario, tout sheets and above all survivability solutions. The first two are more or less variations on the basic forecasting core. Not so the last. We have never been expected to do that. All we had to do was use data to scare our audiences into looking into the abyss and then walking away to intimidate another group. But we have been stopped in our departing tracks and told, “Hold on there. Not so fast. You brought us to this edge. Now at least say something about a way out.” Will we say something? Cross over where we have never been asked to be? Or remain aloof and paralyzed?
Hydronium beta″ alumina: A fast proton conductor

Abstract Single crystals of sodium beta″ alumina (0.84Na 2 O·0.84MgO·5 Al 2 O 3 ) undergo rapid ion exchange in concentrated sulfuric acid to produce “hydronium” beta alumina (0.84) H 2 O·0.84MgO·5Al 2 O 3 ·2.8H 2 O). Hydronium beta″ alumina undergoes a partial, reversible dehydration between 250–300°C and irreversibly decomposes into alpha alumina and water above 700°C. The conductivity of hydronium beta″ alumina has been measured with blocking and non-blocking electrodes and is 5 × 10 −3 (ohm cm) −1 at 25°C. The high conductivity is interpreted on the basis of a two dimensional liquid model.
Percutaneous Absorption of Some Narcotic Drugs in Dimethyl Sulfoxide

(1968). Percutaneous Absorption of Some Narcotic Drugs in Dimethyl Sulfoxide. Clinical Toxicology: Vol. 1, No. 3, pp. 309-317.
Comment on “A new implementation of the Humlicek algorithm for the calculation of the Voigt profile function” by M. Kuntz [JQSRT 57(6) (1997) 819–824]

This note corrects six typographical errors in formulas for the calculation of the Voigt function in a previous paper in this journal by Kuntz (JQSRT 57(6), (1997) 819). The magnitude of the errors are identified.
Raman spectroscopic measurement of oxidation in supercritical water. 1. Conversion of methanol to formaldehyde

The oxidation rate of methanol and the subsequent production and destruction of the primary intermediate, formaldehyde, were investigated using Raman spectroscopy as an in situ analytical method. Experiments were conducted in supercritical water over temperatures ranging from 440 to 500 °C at 24.1 MPa and at a nominal feed concentration of 0.05 mol/L (1.5 wt %). Effluent samples were also examined using gas chromatography. In these experiments, feed concentrations ranging from 0.011 to 1.2 wt % and temperatures from 430 to 500 °C were examined and showed that the effective first-order reaction rate for the oxidation of methanol is dependent on the initial feed concentration. Raman measurements reveal a temperature-dependent induction period of less than 1 s over the range of conditions investigated. In addition, quantitative measurements of the production of formaldehyde indicate it is a key metastable intermediate. An elementary reaction mechanism, which reproduces accurately the quantitative features of...
TIGMOD: an individual-based spatially explicit model for simulating tiger/human interaction in multiple use forests

Abstract The loss of tiger habitat and the greater dependency of tiger populations on multiple use forests has led to an increase in conflict between tiger and human forest use. Gaining a better understanding of this conflict through a combination of fieldwork and modeling is critical to the survival of tiger populations in these forests. TIGMOD is an individual-based spatially explicit, object-oriented model that simulates key aspects of tiger behavior and its interactions with wild and domestic prey through stochastic processes. It is a dynamic model driven by changes in states of tigers or prey that trigger the behavior and interactions appropriate to these changes. The model permits users to run the simulation based on different scenarios that explore the relationship between prey densities and tiger survivability, as well as those that examine the relationship between villager attitudes towards tiger killing of domestic prey and the likelihood of poisoning a tiger. Model output includes number of tigers born, starved, or poisoned, and number of wild and domestic prey killed. Model simulation results agree well with field observations and data in terms of prey density versus tiger survivability, number of days between two consecutive prey kills, simulated movement of tiger traversal of its home range, and number of cubs born per breeding female tiger. This study shows that tiger populations are sustainable at low density of domestic prey but not sustainable if domestic prey density increases to three or more per square kilometer. Additionally, change in behavior and attitudes of villagers towards tigers, such as increasing guarding of livestock and higher tolerance of domestic prey kills will significantly reduce tiger mortality caused by poisoning. TIGMOD is a useful tool for analyzing the interaction between tigers and humans in multiple use forests. It provides a means of understanding the right balance between forest use by tigers and use by villagers, which can lead to implementation of management strategies that optimize both.
Morse theory applied to semilinear problems

We use Morse theoretic arguments to obtain nontrivial solutions of semilinear elliptic boundary value problems where the nonlinearity interacts with the spectrum, without assuming that the asymptotic limits at zero and infinity exist.
The extent of completely asymptomatic coronary artery disease.

Abstract Asymptomatic or “silent” coronary disease connotes complete absence of symptoms. Many persons with significant coronary disease and even with myocardial infarction never experience chest pain or other cardiac symptoms. Progress in unmasking silent coronary disease will follow once the extent of the problem is appreciated. Possible reasons for the absence of the pain in silent coronary artery disease are cited. Routine use of the electrocardiogram is the best and most feasible means of establishing the diagnosis of coronary disease. However, if the resting electrocardiogram is normal, one should not conclude that heart disease is absent. The patient should then have a two step test or a similar functional stress test of the heart. Analysis of a U.S. Public Health Service survey has revealed about 2,000,000 persons with myocardial infarction in the years 1960 to 1962. Of these patients it is estimated that 600,000 had silent coronary disease prior to their acute myocardial infarction. From 3.2 to 4.8 million persons in the susceptible age group, 35 years of age and over, had silent coronary disease without infarction. To unmask asymptomatic heart disease, all men and women 35 years of age and over should have an annual physical examination, roentgenogram, fluoroscopic examination of the chest and a resting electrocardiogram. If the latter is normal, a two step exercise test, treadmill test or coronary cineangiography should be performed in those individuals who possess high risk factors such as high blood pressure, elevated cholesterol, etc. and especially in those possessing a strong family history of coronary disease in the relatively young.
Asymmetry in Australian Equity Returns

The importance of asymmetry in investment assessment is established and past research into the matter for Australian and U.S. equities is reviewed. Asymmetry, especially of the positive variety, is found to be a prevalent empirical phenomenon for Australian shares. Diversification is found to increase average asymmetry decreases with diversification. Evidence regarding the stationarity of cross-sectional asymmetry distributions is mixed.
Interaction of ocean temperature advection, surface heat fluxes and sea ice in the marginal ice zone during the North Atlantic Oscillation in the 1990s: A modeling study

[1] A moderately fine-resolution (0.4°, 40 vertical levels), global, coupled ice-ocean model was configured and run for 24 years (1979–2002), forced with high-frequency National Center for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCEP/NCAR) atmospheric fluxes. The model consists of the Los Alamos National Laboratory Parallel Ocean Program (POP) and sea ice model (CICE). The fidelity of the simulated mean climatological state and variability of key variables such as ice concentration, total ice area, ice thickness and drift were compared to observational data sets from satellite and ice drift buoy measurements. Basin-scale changes in the lower atmosphere/surface ocean/sea-ice in the simulated Arctic and Nordic Seas before and after the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) phase switch in 1995 were examined using winter composite analyses over the period 1990–1999. Ice cover changes between the two NAO phases were consistent with observations in that reduced concentrations were found in the Nordic and Barents Seas and increased values occurred in the Labrador Sea. Next we regionally evaluated the relative importance of winter anomalies of upper-ocean mixed layer net heat fluxes and of ocean temperature advection on marginal ice zone variability in the Irminger, Greenland, and Barents Seas for this ten-year period. We found that the net heat flux winter anomaly was at least four times more important than the winter anomaly of ocean temperature advection in the Greenland and Barents Seas, while it was twice as important in the Irminger Sea. The Ekman ocean temperature advection component generally dominated the geostrophic component in all three regions.
Distance, Delay, and Discontent

> Discontent is the first necessity of progress. > > —Thomas Edison In November of 1993, 3 reports that published simultaneously in the New England Journal of Medicine demonstrated the superiority of primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) over thrombolytic therapy for treatment of patients with acute ST-segment–elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).1–3 At that time, within my hospital system, the Johns Hopkins Health System, there were 2 acute care hospitals: the Johns Hopkins Hospital, a tertiary center with both PCI and cardiac surgery capability, and the Bayview Medical Center, a community hospital that could provide neither revascularization modality. In 1993, ≈20 patients with acute STEMI presented to our tertiary facility annually, whereas our community hospital admitted >5× that number. Because State healthcare regulation prohibited performance of PCI at hospitals without colocated cardiac surgery, the superior therapy could be applied at the hospital where the minority of patients presented, whereas at the hospital where the overwhelming majority of patients with STEMI presented primary PCI was not available. Article see p 797 This situation was replicated in many areas around the country, essentially restricting access to the better form of therapy for many patients with STEMI. The rationalized solution to this dilemma offered 2 alternatives: (1) continue to simply offer the “community hospital standard of care,” thrombolytic therapy, to patients with STEMI presenting to non-PCI hospitals or (2) transfer patients from non-PCI–capable to PCI-capable facilities for primary PCI. We were not satisfied with these proposed solutions. In the first, an inferior therapy is offered to patients with STEMI simply because of an accident of geography: they presented to the “wrong” hospital. Furthermore, transfer was not practical. According to Goggle Maps, in the absence of traffic, the Hopkins tertiary and community hospitals are separated geographically by 3.1 miles and temporally by 11 minutes. Yet in …
Plots for Generalized Additive Models

Several useful plots for generalized linear models (GLMs) can be applied to generalized additive models (GAMs) with little modification. A plot for a GLM using the estimated sufficient predictor can be extended to a GAM by replacing the ESP by the estimated additive predictor . The residual plot, response plot, and transformation plots are examples. Since a GLM is a special case of a GAM, a plot of EAP versus ESP is useful for checking goodness of fit of the GLM.
Extraction of Dibenzothiophenes from Petroleum Feedstocks Using a Ruthenium Complex in Aqueous Solution

In an effort to demonstrate that Ru(NH3)5(H2O)2+ can be used to remove dibenzothiophene from hydrotreated petroleum feedstocks, this metal complex was reacted with a variety of thiophenes (Th*), in...
PET in breast cancer.

Over the past decade, the role of radiology in breast cancer has changed significantly because of the technical advances in mammography, greater use of ultrasonography, and the emergence of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), as well as development of functional imaging techniques that add new dimensions to the noninvasive evaluation of patients with breast cancer. Currently, radiological evaluation of breast cancer is important not only for early detection of this disease, but also for staging, assessing certain prognostic factors, and monitoring response to treatment. This review focuses on the potential applications and limitations of positron emission tomography (PET) as a functional imaging method in breast cancer. PET with 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) has been used successfully in an increasing number of oncological applications and is considered a valuable adjunct to anatomical imaging methods, providing unique functional information for better characterization of disease. The contributions of PET to breast cancer imaging can be considered in two main categories. First, by providing qualitative and/or quantitative information, FDG-PET can aid in detection and discrimination of breast cancer in its primary location. Although, FDG-PET is certainly not necessary in every potential case of breast cancer, it can be very useful in clinically and radiologically "difficult-to-examine breasts," eg, following breast surgery. Qualitative assessment of the extent of the tumor spread provides prognostic information and allows for selection of appropriate therapy. The identification of tumor spread to the axillary nodes or to more remote nodal groups, i.e., internal mammary, or supraclavicular nodes, is probably the most practical information that qualitative FDG-PET can offer. Although it is still too early to formulate definite clinical recommendations, it appears likely that FDG-PET has the potential to reduce the number of patients requiring nodal dissection. Second, PET imaging can provide an assessment of the biological behavior of breast cancer. Quantitative and/or semi-quantitative FDG-PET yields valuable information regarding prognosis and response to therapy in a timely fashion. Preliminary studies have indicated that serial assessment of tumor metabolism by FDG-PET early during effective chemohormonotherapy may predict subsequent response to such therapy. The use of PET with the estrogen analogue 16 alpha-[18F]fluoro-17 beta-estradiol (FES) to monitor receptor function and response to hormonal therapy opens up intriguing new ways to monitor patients with breast cancer at a cellular level.
HGF induces FAK activation and integrin-mediated adhesion in MTLn3 breast carcinoma cells.

Expression of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and its tyrosine kinase receptor, c-Met, is positively correlated with breast carcinoma progression. We found that in invasive and metastatic MTLn3 breast carcinoma cells, HGF stimulated both initial adhesion to and motility on the extracellular matrix (ECM) ligands laminin 1, type I collagen, and fibronectin. Next, analysis with function-perturbing antibodies showed that adhesion to the different ECM proteins was mediated through specific beta1 integrins. In MTLn3 cells, HGF induced rapid tyrosine phosphorylation and activation of both c-Met and focal adhesion kinase (FAK). Cell anchorage and adhesion to the ECM substrates was required for HGF-induced FAK activation, since HGF failed to trigger tyrosine phosphorylation of FAK in suspended cells. Our results provide evidence that the 2 signaling pathways, integrin/ECM and c-Met/HGF, cooperate synergistically to induce FAK activation in an adhesion-dependent manner, leading to enhanced cell adhesion and motility. Moreover, we found that a FRNK (the FAK-related non-kinase)-like molecule is expressed in MTLn3 cells. Since FRNK acts as a competitive inhibitor of FAK function, our results suggest that a FRNK-like protein could facilitate disassembly of focal adhesions and likely be responsible for the HGF-induced scattering and motility of MTLn3 cells.
Timolol and Pediatric Glaucomas

Abstract: Thirty-eight eyes were treated by adding timolol to the medical regimen. After a suitable trial, attempts were made to reduce other glaucoma medications. Fifteen eyes with infantile glaucoma treated surgically at birth, experienced elevated intraocular pressure later in life. Another 15 eyes had glaucoma associated with congenital anomalies such as aniridia, Sturge-Weber syndrome, and mesodermal malformation. The group with infantile glaucoma demonstrated an average drop in pressure of 24% and 22% after one and three months, respectively. Six of the 15 eyes were controlled at 22 mm Hg or less. In the other group, intraocular pressure fell 30% after one month and 12% after three months. Five of the 15 eyes were controlled. Adverse effects occurred in five patients, timolol therapy was discontinued in two (7%). The IOP was not controlled in any of the eyes with timolol alone.
Heated mine room and pillar-secondary creep response†

Heated salt mine room and pillar simulations have been performed to provide information regarding parameters affecting room closure rates to designers of radioactive waste isolation facilities. A coupled secondary creep and heat transfer formulation with large strain capabilities was used to assess the effects of variations in creep law parameters, thermal properties, imposed boundary conditions, temporal integration, and meshing resolution on room closure rates. Results indicate that the greatest effect results from variations in parameters appearing in the creep constitutive equation.
Mixing of Angiographic Contrast With Blood During Injections in the Cerebral Circulation

In the past, various techniques such as indicator dilution, transit time, parametric imaging, or first-pass distribution have been used to estimate blood flow rates during angiographic contrast injections. We have previously employed the method of modeling contrast concentration curves to assess changes in flow exchange between parent cerebral vessels and cerebral aneurysms due to endovascular treatment by flow divertors [1]. There has been concern, however, that contrast injected under such situations may remain as a separate slug or stream flowing with blood or that contrast may settle from blood in the direction of gravity due to its higher density [2,3]. According to this argument, therefore, the analysis of the transport of angiographic contrast visualized under X-ray cannot be used to represent the transport of blood.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
REARING THE BROWN MARMORATED STINK BUG HALYOMORPHA HALYS (HETEROPTERA: PENTATOMIDAE)

The brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), Halyomorpha halys (Stal) (Heteroptera: Pen tatomidae) is a potential threat to Florida agricul ture (Halbert & Hodges 2011; Zhu et al. 2012). It is native to China, Japan, Korea and Taiwan (Hsiao 1977; Zhang 1985) and was recently in troduced into the United States. It was original ly detected in Allentown, Pennsylvania in 1998, and since then has been reported in approxi mately 37 states (NAPIS 2009; Jacobs 2012). Several interceptions of the BMSB have been reported from Florida in the last several years, however it is apparently not yet established there (Leroy Whilby, Personal Communication). BMSB is a polyphagous sucking insect that feeds on a variety of fruit trees including citrus as well as vegetables, ornamental and weedy plants The BMSB has become a serious pest of fruits and vegetable crops in the mid-Atlantic region. The estimated apple losses reached $37 million in 2010 from BMSB for mid-Atlantic ap ple growers (Hamilton & Shearer 2003; Nielsen & Hamilton 2009; Gill et al. 2010). Feeding damage is caused by both nymphs and adults on the leaves, fruits and stems of plants. In ad dition to direct feeding damage, BMSB is also known as a vector of witch's broom phytoplasma in Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) (Lamiales: Paulowniaceae) in Asia (Gao et al. 2008; Jones & Lambdin 2009). However, in the USA it has not been reported as a vector of any pathogen (Gyeltshen et al. 2011). BMSB is able to over winter inside houses and other enclosed struc
Trends of international migration since 1965: what existing data reveal.

This study examined international migration trends during 1965-96 by region for 218 countries in 1985. Data were obtained from UN databases of national censuses. Findings indicate that migrants increased from 75 to 120 million during 1965-90 (an annual growth rate of 1.9%). The number of international tourists rose from 69 to 454 million during this period. The growth rate of tourists has declined over time while the growth rate of international migrants has increased over time. Variation between countries in the proportion of international migrants increased over time. Womens participation in international migration rose slightly from 46.6% to 47.7% during 1965-90. 90% of the migrant stock was concentrated in 55 countries in 1990 an increase from 44 countries in 1965. The changes are attributed potentially to growing diversification of countries in level of development their stage in the nation building process and the degree of integration in the global economy. The market economy industrialized countries have absorbed a disproportionate share of the migrant stock while experiencing declines in their share of global population. One out of every 13 persons living in the West is an international migrant. Net migration rates vary widely between Western countries. The number of persons seeking asylum in the West increased during the 1980s and in traditional countries of immigration. Some countries were the main sources of migrants to 7 receiving countries during 1990-94. Origins and destinations have diversified in all regions since 1965 and trends can change quickly.
Improvements in estimating the harmonics-to-noise ratio of the voice

Summary An improved algorithm for computing harmonics-to-noise ratio (HNR) of the voice was developed and tested using synthesized vowels at various fundamental frequencies and known HNR values. The described algorithm implements a stringent routine for the identification of pitch pulse boundary markers based on a combination of peak-picking and zero-crossing procedures. Results showed mean absolute errors between computed versus expected HNR to be
Limitation of the Young-Dupré Equation in the Analysis of Adhesion Forces Involving Surfactant Solutions

Abstract The atomic force microscope was used to measure adhesion forces between polyethylene particles, serving as model oil droplets, and mineral substrates (fluorite and quartz) in aqueous solutions of ethoxylated alcohols. Also, contact angles were measured in the kerosene–ethoxylated alcohol solution–mineral systems. Correlations obtained between adhesion and surfactant concentration for the polyethylene–aqueous solution–quartz system differs significantly from those predicted by the Young-Dupre equation for the kerosene–aqueous solution–quartz system. Interactions, characteristic for such aqueous systems, which contribute to the pull-off forces measured by atomic force microscopy are not included in the Young-Dupre equation, and are primarily responsible for the inconsistency in the adhesion versus surfactant concentration relationship obtained from contact angle measurements.