cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Automatic Target Recognition Algorithm Performance Evaluation: The Bottleneck In The Development Life Cycle

A current critical problem in Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) technology is the inability to effectively evaluate ATR systems performance and component algorithms. Beyond the problem of evaluating system performance, it is often impossible to determine why a system is performing poorly under certain circumstances. This is largely due to the relatively unsophisticated tools and methods currently employed to extract and analyze the vast quantities of data processed by such systems. The amount of time and effort dedicated to testing, evaluation, and refinement of complex ATR systems and their component algorithm is by far the longest stage in the life cycle of the development process. Adequate tools, techniques, standards, and groundtruthing are critically needed for effective diagnostics and evaluation of next generation ATR systems. In this paper, we present a thesis on the critical issues of ATR evaluation and potential solutions.© (1989) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Heat Pipe Augmented Solar Heating System

The focus of this project is on simulation and testing of a novel passive solar heating system that utilizes the one-way heat transfer of heat pipes to significantly improve heating performance relative to conventional passive solar systems. A set of programmed thermal networks were used to simulate the performance of several conventional passive solar heating systems, including direct gain, concrete wall indirect gain and water wall indirect gain, and the heat pipe system. Simulations performed for four US locations representing a range of winter temperatures and available insolation exhibited higher performance for the heat pipe system, particularly in cold climates with low insolation. A small-scale laboratory model was constructed and tested under controlled conditions to confirm simulated system component performance and to test a range of component variations. Measured system efficiency was 85.1 ± 0.72%. A full-scale prototype was constructed, installed and instrumented. Results from a 21-day period in April show a prototype thermal efficiency range from 60–75% and an average of 66.2%; and a 30-day period in October and November ranges from 60–85% with an average of 73.9%. An opaque cover over the prototype, periodically installed to minimize unwanted gains during the cooling season, reduced overall gains by an average of 75%.Copyright © 2010 by ASME
Allogeneic marrow transplantation.

Allogeneic marrow transplantation has been increasingly applied to the treatment of patients with various hematological diseases (1–6). A recent survey by the International Bone Marrow Transplantation Registry estimated the number of transplants carried out through the year 1987 to be on the order of 20,000, more than 10,000 of these during the years of 1985 through 1987 (7). More than 80% of marrow transplants have been for therapy of malignant hematological diseases. Approximately 10% of transplants have been for the treatment of patients with acquired or inherited marrow dysfunction, e.g. aplastic anemia, and 5–6% of marrow grafts have been used to treat congenital defects of the hematopoietic and immune systems, e.g. thalassemia major, severe combined immunodeficiency disease, and other inborn errors.
Primary dendrite arm spacings and tip radii in directionally solidified Ni3Al

Abstract A nickel aluminide intermetallic material was directionally solidified under various growth rates utilizing a modified Bridgman apparatus. The primary dendrite arm spacing and dendrite tip radius of curvature (π) were measured as functions of the growth rate. The experimentally observed critical growth rate for the cellular-dendritic transition was in excellent agreement with the value predicted by the Kurz and Fisher model. The discrepancy between the present data and the results anticipated from this model is discussed in terms of the assumptions involved in the derivation of the model.
Corrosion-fatigue of the bond between nickel-chrome casting alloys and porcelain.

Abstract This study was designed to determine if corrosion-fatigue might play a part in early failure of the porcelain-fused-to-metal bonds with Ni-Cr alloys. A qualitative test was used that compared the bond strengths of a control group with those of samples subjected to corrosion-fatigue. One Au-Pd alloy was used for comparison with the Ni-Cr alloys. The bond strengths were determined with a shear-push through test in an M.T.S. hydraulic testing machine. Two additional groups of samples were tested with corrosion only and fatigue only. All samples except those used for controls were placed in an oral environment chamber that had an aerated artificial saliva circulating through it maintained at 37 ° C. (Samples subjected to fatigue only used unaerated distilled water.) Corrosion was accelerated by enforcing a potential of approximately 500 mV on the test samples. The samples subjected to fatigue were stressed with a haversine waveform with a force between 5 and 45 pounds at a rate of 200 Hz for 10 6 cycles.
Constructive simulation for emergency management training

The Plowshares project applied military constructive simulation technology to training for emergency management. The project team enhanced the US Army's Janus simulation model to support emergency management scenarios that include hurricanes, fires, and chemical spills. The enhanced Janus software, known as TERRA, can be used in a county emergency operations center to provide the stimulus for training events structured as command post exercises. The first phase of the project culminated in a 'proof of principle demonstration' that occurred in August 1995. In that demonstration the emergency operations center of Orange County Florida conducted a hurricane response exercise using the TERRA system.
Light and electron microscopic localization of glutamate immunoreactivity in the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus

Abstract The distribution of glutamate immunoreactivity was mapped within the supraoptic nucleus of the rat hypothalamus utilizing a specific anti-glutamate antibody. Magnocellular neuroendocrine cells of the supraoptic nucleus showed intense immunoreactivity for glutamate which varied with the conditions of fixation. Within the perikarya, reaction product was found associated with the endoplasmic reticulum but not the mitochondria, Golgi, dense bodies or neurosecretory granules. A relatively high density of glutamate-immunoreactive terminals was found in the supraoptic nucleus. These terminals were less affected by fixation condition and were generally found contacting large, glutamate-immunoreactive processes within the ventral dendritic neuropil of the supraoptic nucleus. The pattern and characteristics of glutamate immunoreactivity in the supraoptic nucleus suggested the presence of two distinct glutamate pools. The magnocellular neuroendocrine cells may contain a large, labile metabolic pool of glutamate. These cells, in turn, appear to receive glutamate synaptic input from a more stable pool consistent with suggestions that glutamate may be used as a transmitter within this system.
Hyperprolactinemia in monkeys: Induction by an estrogen-progesterone synergy

Abstract To evaluate the synergistic effect of estrogens and progesterone on prolactin secretion, rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys in the early follicular phase received estradiol benzoate (100 μg/kg/day, sc) alone for 14 days, then in combination with progesterone (subcutaneous silastic capsule) for an additional 14 days. Blood was drawn daily by femoral venipuncture under ketamine hydrochloride anesthesia (15mg/kg). Similarly, this protocol for exogenous steroid treatment was employed in a monkey having a chronically indwelling (femoral insertion into the vena cava) cannula maintained by a vest and mobile tether apparatus; however, no anesthesia was used to obtain serum specimens. In addition, this assembly was applied to six monkeys to determine the acute effects of ketamine hydrochloride on prolactin secretion. Concentrations of prolactin, estradiol-17β, and progesterone in serum were determined by conventional radioimmunoassays. Under estrogen therapy alone, mean circulating prolactin levels declined from ~15 to
Deep crustal structure and seismic expression of the central Appalachian orogenic belt

Deep-seismic reflection profiles across parts of the Central Appalachian orogenic belt indicate that the crust here includes an exposed Paleozoic fold-and-thrust belt that is mainly soled in Proterozoic Grenville basement. Translation strain in the foreland and Highlands resulting from Paleozoic orogenesis is as much as 25 km, exclusive of layer-parallel-shortening penetrative strains. This estimate is limited by the slight structural relief beneath the Pocono plateau and by the lack of extensive Cambrian-Ordovician cover beneath the sole thrust. Earlier estimates of translation strain are much higher. To the southwest, this parautochthonous region is separated by an unrecognized structural transition from the more allochthonous parts of the central and southern Appalachian overthrust belt, marked by significantly larger translation strains. Crustal architecture in the hinterland part of the region is poorly understood due to data gaps.
Dependence of Ultimate Strength of Glass Under Constant Load on Temperature, Ambient Atmosphere, and Time

It is widely known that the strength of glass specimens is strongly dependent on many factors, including (1) the flaws and/or scratches on the surface, (2) the ambient atmosphere, (3) the temperature, (4) the duration of the test, and (5) the type of stress system imposed on the specimen. In this paper the authors develop several equations that relate the average strength of glass under constant load to the duration of the test, to the temperature of the test, and to the ambient atmosphere. The data of T. C. Baker and his co-workers are used to calculate the various parameters which appear in the resultant equations. Additional experiments are suggested as a basis for further verification and/or modification of the theory.
Central odontogenic fibroma current concepts

The author reviews current knowledge concerning the central odontogenic fibroma, which at present in incompletely understood, and reaches the following conclusions. 1) The separation of this lesion into simple and WHO types remains valid because they exhibit different histologic features. However, more care should be taken in rendering the diagnosis of the WHO type than in the past; unlike the simple type, it is a fibroblastic lesion. 2) Complex central odontogenic fibroma is a more appropriate term than the WHO type because the WHO does not use the latter term in its 1992 manual. 3) The microscopic distinction of simple odontogenic fibroma from desmoplastic fibroma remains difficult in some cases. 4) The granular cell odontogenic tumor, which has sometimes been referred to as a type of odontogenic fibroma, is a separate entity, although some simple odontogenic fibromas exhibit scattered granular cells. 5) The separation of lesions that have been reported recently as odontogenic fibromas with giant cell reactions from central giant cell granulomas that exhibit foci of odontogenic epithelium requires further study.
Calculation of AC Losses in Bulk HTS Rods from the Combined Action of Transport Current and External Field

AC losses in bulk high-temperature superconductivity rods are calculated using the finite element method. The effect of anisotropy is introduced to the E-J power law considering field dependent critical current density along the axial and azimuthal direction. Influence of the external field on the ac loss components is investigated
Sugar, colonialism, and death : On the origins of Mexico's day of the dead

Mexico's most famous holiday is, without doubt, the Day of the Dead. At the end of October, large numbers of foreign visitors descend upon Mexico to witness colorful-some would say carnivalesque-ritual performances and artistic displays. Decorated breads, paper cutouts, and plastic toys, most of them humorously playing on the theme of death, are evident everywhere. Sculpted sugar candies in the form of skulls, skeletons, and caskets suggest an almost irreverent, macabre confrontation with mortality. During November 1 and November 2, Mexicans clean, decorate, and maintain vigil over the graves of relatives. Tombstones and burial sites are adorned with flowers, candles, and food, all aesthetically arranged in honor of the deceased. Some Mexicans claim that the souls of the departed watch over their living relatives during these few days. Negligent family members await punishment, whether on earth or in the afterlife. This belief is invoked throughout Mexico to explain the substantial time, money, and energy invested in the two-day ceremony. At the outset, it should be made clear that the Day of the Dead is, at least in the contemporary era, an essentially Mexican term referring to the Mexican version of a pan-Roman Catholic holiday. Strictly speaking, the Day of the
Receptivity of a laminar boundary layer to the interaction of a three-dimensional roughness element with time-harmonic free-stream disturbances

Receptivity of a laminar boundary layer to the interaction of time-harmonic free-stream disturbances with a 3D roughness element is studied. The 3D nonlinear triple-deck equations are solved numerically to provide the basic steady-state motion. At high Reynolds numbers, the governing equations for the unsteady motion are the unsteady linearized 3D triple-deck equations. These equations can only be solved numerically. In the absence of any roughness element, the free-stream disturbances, to the first order, produce the classical Stokes flow, in the thin Stokes layer near the wall (on the order of our lower deck). However, with the introduction of a small 3D roughness element, the interaction between the hump and the Stokes flow introduces a spectrum of all spatial disturbances inside the boundary layer.
Real Time Bunch Length Measurements in the SLC Linac

The longitudinal charge distribution of bunches accelerated in the Stanford Linear Collider (SLC) linac will strongly affect the performance of the Collider. Bunch lengths are chosen in a balance between the deleterious effects of longitudinal and transverse wakefields. The former impacts on the beam energy spread whereas the latter is important to the transverse emittance. Two bunch length measurement ports have been installed in the SLC linac: one in the injector region and one after the emittance damping ring to linac reinjection point. These ports utilize a fused quartz Cerenkov radiator in conjunction with an electrooptic streak camera to permit real time monitoring of single s-band buckets with a resolution of several picoseconds. The design of the radiators and light collection optics is discussed with an emphasis on those issues important to high resolution. Experimental results are presented.
Health Risks of Low Dose Ionizing Radiation in Humans: A Review:

Radiobiologists have been struggling to estimate the health risks from low doses of radiation in humans for decades. Health risks involve not only neoplastic diseases but also somatic mutations that may contribute to other illnesses (including birth defects and ocular maladies) and heritable mutations that may increase the risk of diseases in future generations. Low dose radiation-induced cancer in humans depends on several variables, and most of these variables are not possible to correct for in any epidemiologic study. Some of the confounding factors include (i) interaction of radiation with other physical (UV light), chemical, and biological mutagens and carcinogens in a synergistic manner; (ii) variation in repair mechanisms that depend on dose; (iii) variation in sensitivity of bystander cells to subsequent radiation exposure that depends on whether they have been pre- or postirradiated; and (iv) variation in adaptive response that depends on radiation doses and protective substances (antioxidants). In our opinion, both the linear no-threshold-response and the threshold-response models might not be suitable in predicting cancer risk at low radiation doses in a quantitative sense. Low doses of ionizing radiation should not be considered insignificant for risks of somatic and heritable mutations and neoplastic and nonneoplastic diseases in humans.
Distinguishing Neurocognitive Functions in Schizophrenia Using Partially Ordered Classification Models

Current methods for statistical analysis of neuropsychological test data in schizophrenia are inherently insufficient for revealing valid cognitive impairment profiles. While neuropsychological tests aim to selectively sample discrete cognitive domains, test performance often requires several cognitive operations or ‘‘attributes.’’ Conventional statistical approaches assign each neuropsychological score of interest to a single attribute or ‘‘domain’’ (e.g., attention, executive,etc.),andscoresarecalculatedforeach.Thiscan yield misleading information about underlying cognitive impairments. We report findings applying a new method for examining neuropsychological test data in schizophrenia, based on finite partially ordered sets (posets) as classification models. A total of 220 schizophrenia outpatients were administered the Positive and Negative Symptom Scale (PANSS) and a neuropsychological test battery. Selected tests were submitted to cognitive attribute analysis a priori by two neuropsychologists. Applying Bayesian classification methods (posets), each patient was classified with respect to proficiency on the underlying attributes, based upon his or her individual test performance pattern. Twelve cognitive ‘‘classes’’ are described in the sample. Resulting classification models provided detailed ‘‘diagnoses’’ into ‘‘attribute-based’’ profiles of cognitive strength/ weakness, mimicking expert clinician judgment. Classification was efficient, requiring few measures to achieve accurate classification. Attributes were associated with PANSS factors in the expected manner (only the negative and cognition factors were associated with the attributes), and a double dissociation was observed in which divergent thinking was selectively associated with negative symptoms, possibly reflecting a manifestation of Kraepelin’s hypothesis regarding the impact of volitional disturbances on thought. Using posets for extracting more precise cognitive information from neuropsychological data may reveal more valid cognitive endophenotypes, while dramatically reducing the amount of testing required.
Talking politics with patients.

The political debate about health systems is still raging around the United States, and patients are constantly bombarded with information about politics and medicine from friends, coworkers, and the media. Some of that information is true, and some is not. One important source patients may turn to is one they implicitly trust: their physician. Physicians are valuable sources of information regarding the current state of medical practice and the necessary changes to it. While few physicians will get the chance to testify before Congress or interview on television, all physicians have the opportunity to engage in the politics of medicine with their patients. However, engaging patients in this area can be a tricky venture. The first difficulty lies in an accurate definition of the term politics. The original usage of the term originated from Aristotle’s book Politics, which translates as “the things concerning the polis [Greek city-state],” or “affairs of state.”1 Thus, a common connotation of politics is “that which concerns the operation of government.” Other definitions can range from “specific legislative actions” to “anything that influences the thought of another person or organization, especially in an attempt to resolve conflict or come to a collective decision.” For the purpose and scope of this article, politics refers to ideas or actions that relate to the operation of a governmental or regulatory organization. Our political feelings and opinions are practical extensions of our worldview, and our worldview is deeply connected to our individual sense of what it means to be human. That is, politics is linked to our deepest sense of ourselves. By nature of the role of government and our sense of duty to follow laws, politics also carries with it profound potential consequences for our lives. These two things contribute to making political discussions highly contested and emotional …
Is There an Amygdala and How Far Does It Extend

Burdach is credited with first using the term "amygdala" to describe an almond-shaped mass of gray matter in the anterior portion of the human temporal lobe. With the subsequent development of histological techniques in the latter part of the nineteenth century it became readily apparent that there were areas dorsal and medial to Burdach's amygdala that seemed to be anatomically related to it. These regions include the nuclei that are now called the central, medial, and cortical amygdalar nuclei. Johnston considered the amygdala to have two major portions: (1) the centromedial nuclei, which are closely associated with the striatum, and (2) the cortical and basolateral nuclei, which are closely associated with the cerebral cortex. Johnston also importantly observed that the centromedial nuclei appear to have extensions that project rostralward to become continuous with the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis. Johnston's concept of a multicompartmental amygdala, with striatal-like and cortical-like components, dominated thought about the structure and function of the amygdala for most of the twentieth century. Recently, it was suggested that the amygdala is not a single neurobiological entity, but is better conceived as a region where several distinct structures, each with affiliations with different systems, are in close proximity to each other. These current concepts and issues concerning the configuration of the amygdala are discussed in light of recent cytological, immunohistochemical, and connectional studies.
Internal and external effects of dihydropyridines in the calcium channel of skeletal muscle.

The agonist effect of the dihydropyridine (DHP) (-)Bay K 8644 and the inhibitory effects of nine antagonist DHPs were studied at a constant membrane potential of 0 mV in Ca channels of skeletal muscle transverse tubules incorporated into planar lipid bilayers. Four phenylalkylamines (verapamil, D600, D575, and D890) and d-cis-diltiazem were also tested. In Ca channels activated by 1 microM Bay K 8644, the antagonists nifedipine, nitrendipine, PN200-110, nimodipine, and pure enantiomer antagonists (+)nimodipine, (-)nimodipine, (+)Bay K 8644, inhibited activity in the concentration range of 10 nM to 10 microM. Effective doses (ED50) were 2 to 10 times higher when HDPs were added to the internal side than when added to the external side. This sidedness arises from different structure-activity relationships for DHPs on both sides of the Ca channel since the ranking potency of DHPs is PN200-110 greater than (-)nimodipine greater than nifedipine approximately S207-180 on the external side while PN200-110 greater than S207-180 greater than nifedipine approximately (-)nimodipine on the internal side. A comparison of ED509s for inhibition of single channels by DHPs added to the external side and ED509s for displacement of [3H]PN200-110 bound to the DHP receptor, revealed a good quantitative agreement. However, internal ED509s of channels were consistently higher than radioligand binding affinities by up to two orders of magnitude. Evidently, Ca channels of skeletal muscle are functionally coupled to two DHP receptor sites on opposite sides of the membrane.
Validation of the Inventory of Professional Functioning (IPF): Occupational Health of Social Workers

This article reports on the validation of the Inventory of Professional Functioning (IPF), a four-dimensional scale designed to measure the professional functioning of social workers. The IPF was developed as an outcome measure to be used with independent measures of substance use, depression, distress, relationship problems, and organizational variables, as well as protective factors such as social support, self-esteem, and coping strategies. Data from a random sample of 215 social workers were collected in an anonymous Internet survey that measured factors related to social workers' health. Using exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, the new measure was found to have acceptable reliability and construct validity at the scale level. Convergent and discriminant validity were established at the scale level of analysis by examining correlations of the items of the IPF and its subscales with Class I, II, and III Criterion variables. The IPF is a useful measure to assess employee strengths in the work...
Evaluation of community-based physical activity programs

Abstract The rate of obesity has been rapidly increasing in many countries. Lack of physical activity is a key component to this increase. Changes in the structure and walkability of cities and towns and increased automation in the work and home environments have led to declining rates of daily energy expenditure. Recently, many states and countries have turned to social-ecological approaches, intervening at the environmental, social and individual level to combat the decline in energy expenditure. While these efforts hold much promise for increasing the levels of physical activity, they present unique challenges to evaluators. Many of these interventions involve a wide variety of channels including mass media, Internet, community events and school-based programs often occurring simultaneously. The size of these programs is also large encompassing cities, states and even nations making finding equivalent comparison groups difficult. With these challenges and the political and social pressures to demonstrate results from these programs, strong process, outcome and impact evaluations are needed.
Conventional screening overlooks resistance sources: rootworm damage of diverse inbred lines and their B73 hybrids is unrelated.

The western corn rootworm, Diabrotica virgifera virgifera (LeConte), is a major pest of maize, Zea mays L., in the United States and Europe, and it is likely to increase in importance as a trend toward increased nonrotated maize favors larger rootworm populations. Options for rootworm management in nonrotated maize in Europe and in nontransgenic “refuge” areas in countries that permit transgenic maize are limited to insecticides. Development of additional options for growers would be helpful. Screening maize germplasm (e.g., landraces, populations, inbreds) for native resistance to western corn rootworm is labor-intensive and is usually conducted on unfinished germplasm and not on hybrid materials. However, we have recently observed that topcrossed (hybrid) materials tend to have reduced western corn rootworm damage. To formally test whether rootworm damage to inbreds and associated hybrids were correlated, we evaluated 25 diverse inbred lines and their B73 hybrids for western corn rootworm damage in seven environments. Overall, hybrids had significantly less damage than inbreds, but unfortunately, the correlation between inbreds and hybrids was not significant. These findings have important implications regarding screening germplasm for western corn rootworm resistance, namely, that inbred materials and perhaps populations should be topcrossed to form hybrid materials before screening for western corn rootworm damage to ensure that valuable sources of resistance to western corn rootworm are not missed during the screening process.
Facilitation, augmentation, and potentiation of transmitter release.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses facilitation, augmentation, and potentiation of transmitter release. The effect of repetitive stimulation on transmitter release has been studied to look for and characterize the processes in the nerve terminal that affect the transmitter release. During repetitive stimulation of a neuromuscular junction under conditions of low quantal content, end-plate potentials progressively increase in amplitude. This increase is due to an increase in the number of quanta of transmitter released by each nerve impulse. A kinetic analysis of the changes in transmitter release during and following repetitive stimulation suggests that, there are four processes that act to increase transmitter release: first and second components of facilitation that decay with time constants of about 50 and 30 msec, augmentation that decays with a time constant of about 7s, and potentiation that decays with a time constant, which ranges from about 30s to min. These processes are separable on the basis of their kinetic and pharmacological properties. The mechanisms of these processes are not yet known, but some possibilities are briefly discussed in terms of structural, chemical, and statistical factors.
Evaluation of Four Disk Diffusion Methods for Antimicrobic Susceptibility Tests with Anaerobic Gram-negative Bacilli

Standardization of agar diffusion disk tests for antibiotic susceptibility testing with anaerobes is complicated by the marked variability in the growth rates of different strains and by the need for a complex, enriched medium for testing nutritionally fastidious strains. Furthermore, the composition of the agar medium and the anaerobic environment itself will affect the activities of some drugs. To assess the accuracy of currently available disk methods, 64 clinical isolates were tested by four different disk technics. The anaerobic method of Wilkins and associates and that of Sutter and co-workers were both evaluated. In addition, the standard Bauer-Kirby method and that of Barry and colleagues were modified slightly to permit testing of anaerobes; both proved to be unsatisfactory for anaerobic tests. In most respects, the method of Sutter and co-workers was superior to the other disk methods studied, although an inordinantly large number of tests gave zones that fell into the intermediate category. None of the disk methods was entirely satisfactory for testing nutritionally fastidious strains.
Parenchymal texture measures weighted by breast anatomy: preliminary optimization in a case-control study

Growing evidence suggests that quantitative descriptors of the parenchymal texture patterns hold a valuable role in assessing an individual woman’s risk for breast cancer. In this work, we assess the hypothesis that breast cancer risk factors are not uniformly expressed in the breast parenchymal tissue and, therefore, breast-anatomy-weighted parenchymal texture descriptors, where different breasts ROIs have non uniform contributions, may enhance breast cancer risk assessment. To this end, we introduce an automated breast-anatomy-driven methodology which generates a breast atlas, which is then used to produce a weight map that reinforces the contributions of the central and upper-outer breast areas. We incorporate this methodology to our previously validated lattice-based strategy for parenchymal texture analysis. In the framework of a pilot case-control study, including digital mammograms from 424 women, our proposed breast-anatomy-weighted texture descriptors are optimized and evaluated against non weighted texture features, using regression analysis with leave-one-out cross validation. The classification performance is assessed in terms of the area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic. The collective discriminatory capacity of the weighted texture features was maximized (AUC=0.87) when the central breast area was considered more important than the upperouter area, with significant performance improvement (DeLong's test, p -value<0.05) against the non-weighted texture features (AUC=0.82). Our results suggest that breast-anatomy-driven methodologies have the potential to further upgrade the promising role of parenchymal texture analysis in breast cancer risk assessment and may serve as a reference in the design of future studies towards image-driven personalized recommendations regarding women’s cancer risk evaluation.
Nature and thermal behavior of precipitated calcium-magnesium phosphates

A group of crystalline and amorphous calcium-magnesium phosphates were prepared by exchange in solution of sodium orthophosphate and calcium and magnesium chlorides at pH 8-12. The behavior of the phosphates on heating to 1000°C was studied.
Terahertz third-order nonlinear conductance of metallic armchair graphene nanoribbons

We compute the terahertz third-order nonlinear conductance of metallic armchair graphene nanoribbons. For a parallel-polarized incident field, the 300K conductance is enhanced over bulk graphene by more than an order of magnitude.
Intramolecular halogen bonding supported by an aryldiyne linker.

Intramolecular halogen bonds between aryl halide donors and suitable acceptors, such as carbonyl or quinolinyl groups, held in proximity by 1,2-aryldiyne linkers, provide triangular structures in the solid state. Aryldiyne linkers provide a nearly ideal template for intramolecular halogen bonding as minor deviations from alkyne linearity can accommodate a variety of halogen bonding interactions, including O···Cl, O···Br, O···I, N···Br, and N···I. Halogen bond lengths for these units, observed by single crystal X-ray crystallography, range from 2.75 to 2.97 A. Internal bond angles of the semirigid bridge between halogen bond donor and acceptor are responsive to changes in the identity of the halogen, the identity of the acceptor, and the electronic environment around the halogen, with the triangles retaining almost perfect co-planarity in even the most strained systems. Consistency between experimental results and structures predicted by M06-2X/6-31G* calculations demonstrates the efficacy of this computat...
Electroencephalography and Brain MRI Patterns in Encephalopathy.

Introduction. Using electroencephalography (EEG) and histology in patients with diffuse encephalopathy, Gloor et al reported that paroxysmal synchronous discharges (PSDs) on EEG required combined c...
Leucocytozoon smithi: incidence of transmission by black flies in South Carolina (Diptera: Simuliidae).

Weekly incidence of transmission of Leucocytozoon smithi (Laveran & Lucet) (Sporozoa: Leucocytozoidae) in domestic turkeys by Simulium slossonae Dyar & Knab and S. congareenarum (Dyar & Shannon) was investigated for a 1-year period in the Coastal Plains near Sumter and in the Sandhills near Pageland, South Carolina. Each week 5 Leucocytozoon -free-8-week-old turkeys were placed in the field as sentinels for 7 days, after which they were returned to the laboratory and monitored for infection by routine Giemsa-stained blood smears. Transmission of L. smithi occurred throughout the year in the Coastal Plains except for 6 weeks during the winter months. These 6 weeks were characterized by cold, rainy weather. Gametocyte levels were highest in the spring, mid-summer, and early fall. The Sandhills investigations revealed much higher transmission levels and more intense feeding of the Simulium vectors. Transmission levels were 100% almost every week. Gametocyte counts reached a peak during July and October and were consistently higher than in the Coastal Plains. Simulium slossonae was collected throughout the year and S. congareenarum was collected from March until mid-May.
Male mice tolerate dosages of pteroylglutamic acid lethal to females.

Summary and ConclusionMale mice are much more resistant than female mice to injections of high dosages of folic acid.Male mice were only slightly affected by single subdermal injections of 5 mg of folic acid. Female mice receiving the same dosage averaged a 10% loss in body weight followed by a slow recovery.There were no deaths in a group of male mice receiving 15 to 40 mg in a single injection of folic acid. The same dosages administered to female mice were rapidly lethal in every instance.
Abstract 4881: Influence of polyphenols on selenoprotein expression in human colon cancer cells.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC Selenium, an essential micronutrient, is recognized as a cancer protective agent that functions through low-molecular weight selenocompounds, and, importantly, through selenoproteins. Previous studies suggest that the 15 kDa selenoprotein (Sep15), a gene polymorphic in humans, has an important role in colon cancer in vivo, and that reduction of Sep15 in human HCT116 colon cancer cells reverses their cancer phenotype. Our diet contains a wide array of nutrients, and it is conceivable that these share molecular targets with selenium and regulate selenoprotein expression. The selenoproteins Thioredoxin Reductase 1 (TR1) and Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx) 2 are regulated by the transcription factor Nrf2, whereas GPx1 is not. Some dietary compounds, e.g., Sulforaphane, are known Nrf2-inducers, impacting expression of TR1 and GPx2. However, the effect of Sulforaphane and many polyphenols on other selenoproteins, or, how other polyphenols influence TR1 and GPx2 remains to be elucidated. Using HCT116 cells, we are investigating the effects of polyphenols and Sulforaphane on selenoprotein expression. Cells with wild type or down-regulated expression of Sep15 were exposed to 5 μM Sulforaphane or 20 μM 5,7-Dimethoxyflavone (5,7-DMF) for 48 hours. Subsequently, mRNA was isolated and examined with real-time RT-PCR. Our preliminary results suggest that, Sulforaphane exposure resulted in a slight increase of TR1 mRNA in both control and shSep15 cells, but not GPx2. Interestingly, 5,7-DMF exposure resulted in increased GPx1 (P 0.05) mRNA in control cells. Surprisingly, GPx2 mRNA appeared significantly down-regulated (P<0.01) in shSep15 cells compared to DMSO treated cells, whereas GPx1 mRNA appeared unaffected. Western blotting and activity measurements are currently underway to support these results. Citation Format: Sarah E. Galinn, Lindsay C. Rosenthal, Steven M. Barsotti, Petra A. Tsuji. Influence of polyphenols on selenoprotein expression in human colon cancer cells. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4881. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4881
Prevention and management of complications associated with thyroid and parathyroid surgery.

Complications following thyroid and parathyroid operations include paralysis of the vocal cords, scarring, postoperative hypocalcemia, and persistent hyperparathyroidism. This article reviews the major complications and suggests ways to minimize or prevent them.
Detection of Sleeping Beauty transposition in the genome of host cells by non-radioactive Southern blot analysis.

The Sleeping Beauty transposon (SB-Tn) system is being used widely as a DNA vector for the delivery of therapeutic transgenes, as well as a tool for the insertional mutagenesis in animal models. In order to accurately assess the insertional potential and properties related to the integration of SB it is essential to determine the copy number of SB-Tn in the host genome. Recently developed SB100X transposase has demonstrated an integration rate that was much higher than the original SB10 and that of other versions of hyperactive SB transposases, such as HSB3 or HSB17. In this study, we have constructed a series of SB vectors carrying either a DsRed or a human β-globin transgene that was encompassed by cHS4 insulator elements, and containing the SB100X transposase gene outside the SB-Tn unit within the same vector in cis configuration. These SB-Tn constructs were introduced into the K-562 erythroid cell line, and their presence in the genomes of host cells was analyzed by Southern blot analysis using non-radioactive probes. Many copies of SB-Tn insertions were detected in host cells regardless of transgene sequences or the presence of cHS4 insulator elements. Interestingly, the size difference of 2.4 kb between insulated SB and non-insulated controls did not reflect the proportional difference in copy numbers of inserted SB-Tns. We then attempted methylation-sensitive Southern blots to assess the potential influence of cHS4 insulator elements on the epigenetic modification of SB-Tn. Our results indicated that SB100X was able to integrate at multiple sites with the number of SB-Tn copies larger than 6 kb in size. In addition, the non-radioactive Southern blot protocols developed here will be useful to detect integrated SB-Tn copies in any mammalian cell type.
SU-F-T-273: Using a Diode Array to Explore the Weakness of TPS DoseCalculation Algorithm for VMAT and Sliding Window Techniques

Purpose: To identify the weakness of dose calculation algorithm in a treatment planning system for volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and sliding window (SW) techniques using a two-dimensional diode array. Methods: The VMAT quality assurance(QA) was implemented with a diode array using multiple partial arcs that divided from a VMAT plan; each partial arc has the same segments and the original monitor units. Arc angles were less than ± 30°. Multiple arcs delivered through consecutive and repetitive gantry operating clockwise and counterclockwise. The source-toaxis distance setup with the effective depths of 10 and 20 cm were used for a diode array. To figure out dose errors caused in delivery of VMAT fields, the numerous fields having the same segments with the VMAT field irradiated using different delivery techniques of static and step-and-shoot. The dose distributions of the SW technique were evaluated by creating split fields having fine moving steps of multi-leaf collimator leaves. Calculated doses using the adaptive convolution algorithm were analyzed with measured ones with distance-to-agreement and dose difference of 3 mm and 3%.. Results: While the beam delivery through static and step-and-shoot techniques showed the passing rate of 97 ± 2%, partial arc delivery of the VMAT fields brought out passing rate of 85%. However, when leaf motion was restricted less than 4.6 mm/°, passing rate was improved up to 95 ± 2%. Similar passing rate were obtained for both 10 and 20 cm effective depth setup. The calculated doses using the SW technique showed the dose difference over 7% at the final arrival point of moving leaves. Conclusion: Error components in dynamic delivery of modulated beams were distinguished by using the suggested QA method. This partial arc method can be used for routine VMAT QA. Improved SW calculation algorithm is required to provide accurate estimated doses.
Period polynomial relations of binomial coefficients and binomial realization of formal double zeta space

In this paper, we give a realization of the formal double zeta space by using binomial coefficients. Along with the results in [Period polynomial relations between formal double zeta values of odd weight, to appear in Math. Ann.], this gives us two families of period polynomial relations among binomial coefficients. We also give another family of period polynomial relations among binomial coefficients which cannot be obtained from our binomial realization. At the end, some higher depth observation is provided.
Routine staging with endoscopic ultrasound in patients with obstructing esophageal cancer and dysphagia rarely impacts treatment decisions.

Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has been routinely utilized for the locoregional staging of esophageal cancer. One important aspect of clinical staging has been to stratify patients to treatment with neoadjuvant chemoradiation or primary surgical therapy. We hypothesized that EUS may have a limited impact on clinical decision making in patients with dysphagia and obstructing esophageal masses. This retrospective cohort study included all patients with esophageal adenocarcinoma undergoing esophageal EUS between July 2008 and September 2013. Dysplastic Barrett’s esophagus without invasive adenocarcinoma or incomplete staging was excluded. Patient demographics, endoscopic tumor characteristics, the presence of dysphagia, sonographic staging, and post-EUS therapy were recorded. Pathologic staging for patients who underwent primary surgical therapy was also recorded. Locally advanced disease was defined as at least T3 or N1, as these patients are typically treated with neoadjuvant therapy. Two hundred sixteen patients underwent EUS for esophageal adenocarcinoma, with 147 (68.1%) patients having symptoms of dysphagia on initial presentation. Patients with dysphagia were significantly more likely to have locally advanced disease on EUS than patients without dysphagia (p < 0.0001). Additionally, 145 (67.1%) patients had a partially or completely obstructing mass on initial endoscopy, of which 136 (93.8%) were locally advanced (p < 0.0001 vs. non-obstructing lesions). An overwhelming majority of patients presenting with dysphagia and/or the presence of at least partially obstructing esophageal mass at the time of esophageal cancer diagnosis had an EUS that demonstrated at least locally advanced disease. The present study supports the hypothesis that EUS may be of limited benefit for management of esophageal cancer in patients with an obstructing mass and dysphagia.
Digesting the safety effectiveness of cable barrier systems by numbers

Abstract This paper presents median cable barrier safety effectiveness by numbers as experienced on Tennessee highways. Apart from descriptive statistics and parametric tests, before and after statistical evaluation utilizing Empirical Bayes (EB) was used to estimate the cable barriers Safety Effectiveness. The findings from the descriptive statistics, paired t-test and EB evaluation were very similar which reinforces the positive safety effectiveness performances of the cable barriers in Tennessee. The study found that the statewide cable barriers Safety Effectiveness (statistical percentage change in crash frequency across all statewide cable barrier segments) for fatal crashes is 94%, incapacitating injury crashes is 92% and fatal and incapacitating injury crashes combined is also 92%. The safety effectiveness for fatal and all injury crashes combined was found to be 85%. In a direct comparison through descriptive statistics, statewide fatal crashes were reduced by 82% after the cable barriers installation while the incapacitating injury crashes were reduced by 76%. In addition, head-on crashes went down by 96% and crashes involving two or more vehicles went down by 92%. Fatalities due to median crossover crashes were reduced by 83% while number of people injured went down by 71% as a result of cable barriers. Through modeling, wider cable offsets and inside shoulders were found to help reduce number of median related crashes while high differential elevations and high posted speed limit segments significantly had higher number of crashes compared to the opposite features. The findings can be used by state transportation agencies as a decision tool when considering installation of median cable barriers as well in determination geometry and traffic factors that play role in enhancing or worsening performance of the median cable barriers.
Frustrated Lewis Acid/Brønsted Base Catalysts for Direct Enantioselective α-Amination of Carbonyl Compounds

A method for enantioselective direct α-amination reaction catalyzed by a sterically “frustrated” Lewis acid/Bronsted base complex is disclosed. Cooperative functioning of the Lewis acid and Bronsted base components gives rise to in situ enolate generation from monocarbonyl compounds. Subsequent reaction with hydrogen-bond activated dialkyl azodicarboxylates delivers α-aminocarbonyl compounds in high enantiomeric purity.
The Chemical, Physical, and Genetic Nature of Dominance

Due to its complexity, understanding expressions of dominance and aggression in humans is quite difficult. It is obvious that the human population has tremendous behavioral, physiological, and anatomical variability, and each individual acts differently to situations. In addition, contemporary society is complex and stressful. Therefore, to understand aggression, it must be approached from a variety of different perspectives, taking into account an individual's genetics, learning in the formative years and all of the body's systems that may affect rising levels of aggression.