cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cracks in the Melting Pot: Immigration, School Choice, and Segregation †

We examine whether low-skilled immigration to the United States has contributed to immigrants' residential isolation by reducing native demand for public schools. We address endogeneity in school demographics using established Mexican settlement patterns in California and use a comparison group to account for immigra tion's broader effects. We estimate that between 1970 and 2000, the average California school district lost more than 14 non-Hispanic households with children to other districts in its metropolitan area for every 10 additional households enrolling low-English Hispanics in its public schools. By disproportionately isolating children, the native reaction to immigration may have longer-run consequences than previously thought. (.JEL H75,121, J15, J24, J61, R23)
Lattice Boltzmann simulations of forced wetting transitions of drops on superhydrophobic surfaces

The behavior of drops on superhydrophobic surfaces is of interest from an engineering point of view. As it can be difficult to probe some of the more subtle phenomena by experiment, numerical simulations can be illuminating. Many research efforts have utilized the lattice Boltzmann method to glean important conclusions about the nature of this subject, but only few have done so while eliminating the phenomenon of spurious currents and employing drop densities greater than approximately ten times that of the gas density. This paper presents a new implementation of boundary conditions for the complex geometry found in simulations of drops on superhydrophobic surfaces, which extends an existing model that has been shown to eliminate spurious currents. We validate our model by comparison with experiments, and demonstrate that spurious currents are eliminated for the density ratio encountered in a water/air system. We further discuss the issue of numerical resolution for a problem that possesses such a naturally large separation of scales, and we present a comparison between two- and three-dimensional simulations. We find that an adequate resolution, which may be difficult to achieve, must be given to capture the appropriate transition from the Cassie to the Wenzel state for the case of forced wetting under gravity. Furthermore, the form of our boundary condition may be extended to cover other types of complex geometry not included here.
Deformation near a fault termination, part II: A normal fault in shales

Abstract In a previous paper, the strain field in the vicinity of the termination of an experimentally induced fault in clay was described. The present study deals with the strain field associated with the termination of a natural normal fault, and a comparison of the two is made. Samples were taken near the termination of a steeply dipping fault in the Green River Formation, Utah. The preferred orientation of basal planes of clay minerals was measured at 80 points in a three-dimensional array, using an X-ray pole-figure goniometer. From the preferred orientation data, strain was calculated according to the theory of March (1932). Strain remote from the fault, due to compaction alone, was determined bed by bed and subtracted from the strain observed near the fault. In this way the finite strain, presumably associated with faulting only, was determined. The displacement field was found by unstraining and superposing the unstrained and strained configurations. The displacement field, patterns of magnitudes of the second invariant of the strain tensor (being a measure of the shear strain), and those of the principal strains were found. They resemble analogous fields and patterns near strike-slip faults observed in experiments, deduced theoretically, and inferred from field observations on active natural faults, after coordinates are rotated so as to bring the fault planes and slip directions into coincidence.
Modeling human decisions in coupled human and natural systems: Review of agent-based models

Abstract Coupled human and natural systems (CHANS) manifest various complexities such as heterogeneity, nonlinearity, feedback, and emergence. Humans play a critical role in affecting such systems and in giving rise to various environmental consequences, which may in turn affect future human decisions and behavior. In light of complexity theory and its application in CHANS, this paper reviews various decision models used in agent based simulations of CHANS dynamics, discussing their strengths and weaknesses. This paper concludes by advocating development of more process-based decision models as well as protocols or architectures that facilitate better modeling of human decisions in various CHANS.
Chemistry of thienopyridines. XXXV. Synthesis, tautomerism, and reactions of quinoline and thienopyridine systems which bear a 1‐carboethoxy‐1‐cyanomethyl substituent in the pyridine ring, part 2

A comparison is made amongst the isosteric Systems quinoline, thieno[2,3,-b]pyridine, and thieno[3,2-b]-pyridine which bear the 1-carboethoxy-1-cyanomethyl substituent (R) alpha or gamma to the heterocyclic nitrogen atom. Treatment of thieno[3,2-b]pyridine 4-oxide with ethyl cyanoacetate and acetic anhydride at room temperature (Hamana reaction) gives the alpha R-derivative 6 (27%), formulated as an intramolecular H-bonded structure. Neither 6 nor its quinoline alpha analog reacts with refluxing acetic anhydride, while the quinoline gamma isomer 8, existing as NH and CH tautomers, yields an N-acetyl derivative 10 (70%) under similar conditions. For each of 6 and 8 one can isolate two crystalline forms which differ considerably in color. Compound 10 and its gamma analog in the thieno[2,3-6]pyridine series (previously obtained directly from a Hamana reaction) serve as acetylating agents for aniline, 1-aminobutane, morpholine, and cholesterol. Correlations and contrasts in the three Systems are presented.
Scaling and parameterization of stratified homogeneous turbulent shear flow

Homogeneous sheared stratified turbulence was simulated using a DNS code. The initial turbulent Reynolds numbers (Re) were 22, 44, and 89, and the initial dimensionless shear rate (S*) varied from 2 to 16. We found (similarly to Rogers (1986) for unstratified flows) the final value of S* at high Re to be ∼ 11, independent of initial S*. The final S* varies at low Re, in agreement with Jacobitz et al. (1997). At low Re, the stationary Richardson number (Ris) depends on both Re and S*, but at higher Re, it varies only with Re. A scaling based on the turbulent kinetic energy equation which suggests this result employs instantaneous rather than initial values of flow parameters.At high Re the dissipation increases with applied shear, allowing a constant final S*. The increased dissipation occurs primarily at high wavenumbers due to the stretching of eddies by stronger shear. For the high-Re stationary flows, the turbulent Froude number (Frt) is a constant independent of S*. An Frt-based scaling predicts the final value of S* well over a range of Re. Therefore Frt is a more appropriate parameter for describing the state of developed stratified turbulence than the gradient Richardson number.
The Search for Supersymmetry: Probing Physics Beyond the Standard Model

In this paper we survey methods by which supersymmetry (or other new physics) could be observed in experiments at present and future accelerators. We review some of the motivation for supposing supersymmetry might be a symmetry of nature even though there is presently no evidence for it. We try to systematize the necessary new notation, and discuss in some detail how to calculate results, with considerable emphasis on pedagogical completeness. We summarize present limits on the existence of supersymmetric partners of ordinary particles, and show how to get improved quantitative limits if supersymmetric particles are not detected, so that eventually it is possible to be sure they are either detected or do not exist on the mass scale accessible to experiments.
Selective Attention and Eye Movements While Viewing Reversible Figures

This study suggests that different eye-movement patterns are associated with reversals of ambiguous figures. The high scanners seem to be more dependent on eye movements for reversals and their recognition of each pattern depends on the sequence and location of fixations; thus shifts of attention appear to be externalized in the form of large, saccadic eye movements. In contrast low scanners are better able to shift attention internally, eg., by mental restructuring, without large eye movements. We further suggest that scanning behavior associated with reversals may be modulated by stimulus complexity, figures' reversibility, and extrinsic/intrinsic motivational styles.
Enhancement of PET Images

PET is the only imaging modality that provides doctors with early analytic and quantitative biochemical assessment and precise localization of pathology. In PET images, boundary information as well as local pixel intensity are both crucial for manual and/or automated feature tracing, extraction, and identification. Unfortunately, the present PET technology does not provide the necessary image quality from which such precise analytic and quantitative measurements can be made. PET images suffer from significantly high levels of radial noise present in the form of streaks caused by the inexactness of the models used in image reconstruction. In this paper, our objective is to model PET noise and remove it without altering dominant features in the image. The ultimate goal here is to enhance these dominant features to allow for automatic computer interpretation and classification of PET images by developing techniques that take into consideration PET signal characteristics, data collection, and data reconstruction. We have modeled the noise steaks in PET images in both rectangular and polar representations and have shown both analytically and through computer simulation that it exhibits consistent mapping patterns. A class of filters was designed and applied successfully. Visual inspection of the filtered images show clear enhancement over the original images.
Assignment of molecular linkage groups to soybean chromosomes by primary trisomics.

Gene-linkage groups (classical linkage groups, CLGs; molecular linkage groups, MLGs) and chromosome relationship in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr., 2n = 40] is not yet established. However, primary trisomics provide an invaluable cytogenetic tool to associate genes and linkage groups to specific chromosomes. We have assigned 11 MLGs to soybean chromosomes by using primary trisomics (2x + 1 = 41) and SSR markers. Primary trisomics were hybridized with Glycine soja Sieb. and Zucc. (2n = 40) in the greenhouse, F1 plants with 2n = 40 and 41 were identified cytologically and 41 chromosome plants were selfed. A deviation from the 1:2:1 ratio in the F2 population suggests a marker is associated with a chromosome. Of the possible 220 combinations involving 20 MLGs and 11 primary trisomics, 151 combinations were examined. The relationships between soybean chromosomes and MLGs are: 1 = D1a+q, 3 = N, 5 = A1, 8 = A2, 9 = K, 13 = F, 14 = C1, 17 = D2, 18 = G, 19 = L and 20 = I. This study sets the stage to establish relationship between nine remaining MLGs with the other genetically unidentified nine primary trisomics. The association of CLGs with the soybean chromosomes will be discussed.
Dielectric Properties Of Sol - Gel Silica Glasses

Dielectric properties have been measured for a series of porous and fully densified silica glasses, prepared by the sol-gel technique starting from Si-methoxide or Si-fume. The results for the partially densified glasses do not show any preferred orientation for porosity. When fully densified (∼2.25 gms/cc) without any prior treatment of the gels, they have dielectric constants of ≥ 6.5 and loss factors of 0.002 at 1 MHz, compared to values of 3.8 and <0.001 for commercial fused silica. There is no corresponding anomaly in the d.c. resistivity. Elemental carbon present to the extent of 400–500 ppm is likely to be the main cause for this enhanced dielectric constant. Extensive cleaning of the gels prior to densification to remove this carbon were not completely successful pointing to the difficulty in preparing high purity, low dielectric constant glasses via the organic sol-gel route at least in the bulk form.
A Discrete Time Stochastic Model of a Compartmental System

So far, our discussions have centered nearly entirely on the continuous time deterministic linear compartmental model \( \dot x = Ax + b \). An alternative that will be presented in this section is a discrete time probabilistic model, illustrated in the context of a 4-compartment model of tracer transport through the hepatic system for the differentiation among the major categories of liver diseases.
Predicting Dynamic Signaling Network Response under Unseen Perturbations

Motivation: Predicting trajectories of signaling networks under complex perturbations is one of the most valuable, but challenging, tasks in systems biology. Signaling networks are involved in most of the biological pathways, and modeling their dynamics has wide applications including drug design and treatment outcome prediction. Results: In this paper, we report a novel model for predicting the cell type-specific time course response of signaling proteins under unseen perturbations. This algorithm achieved the top performance in the 2013 8th Dialogue for Reverse Engineering Assessments and Methods (DREAM 8) subchallenge: time course prediction in breast cancer cell lines. We formulate the trajectory prediction problem into a standard regularization problem; the solution becomes solving this discrete ill-posed problem. This algorithm includes three steps: denoising, estimating regression coefficients and modeling trajectories under unseen perturbations. We further validated the accuracy of this method against simulation and experimental data. Furthermore, this method reduces computational time by magnitudes compared to state-of-the-art methods, allowing genome-wide modeling of signaling pathways and time course trajectories to be carried out in a practical time. Availability and implementation: Source code is available at http://guanlab.ccmb.med.umich.edu/DREAM/code.html and as supplementary file online. Contact: ude.hcimu@nafnauyg Supplementary information: Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
Colocalized neuropeptides activate a central pattern generator by acting on different circuit targets.

In the presence of descending modulatory inputs, the stomatogastric ganglion (STG) of the lobster Homarus americanus generates a triphasic motor pattern, the pyloric rhythm. Red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH) and Cancer borealis tachykinin-related peptide (CabTRP) are colocalized in a pair of fibers that project into the neuropil of the STG. When the STG was isolated from anterior ganglia modulatory inputs, the lateral pyloric (LP) and pyloric (PY) neurons became silent, whereas the anterior burster (AB) and pyloric dilator (PD) neurons were rhythmically active at a low frequency. Exogenous application of 10−6 m RPCH activated the LP neuron but not the PY neurons; 10−6 m CabTRP activated the PY neurons but not the LP neuron. The actions of RPCH on the LP neuron and CabTRP on the PY neurons persisted when the rhythmic drive from the PD and AB neurons was removed, suggesting that the LP and PY neurons are direct targets for RPCH and CabTRP respectively. Coapplication of 10−6 m RPCH and 10−6 m CabTRP elicited triphasic motor patterns with phase relationships resembling those in a preparation with modulatory inputs intact. In summary, cotransmitters acting on different network targets act cooperatively to activate a complete central pattern-generating circuit.
Unrecognised Mycobacterium tuberculosis

in which all patientswith mycobacteraemia had advancedHIV infection, as indicated by a meanCD4-cell count of 49/ 113 patients with chronic cough withL and mortalityof 80%. However, whether scarceresources should be used for expensiveinvestigations on patients with a pooroutcome is debatable.We are concerned that McDonaldand colleagues’ study promotes theincreased use of mycobacterial cultureswhen much cheaper tests—ie, repeatsputum smears and wide-needleaspirate of lymph nodes—wouldsuffice. We have done a study of 141consecutive HIV-positive inpatientswith confirmed tuberculosis to assessyield and timeliness of results.
The effect of modulated wideband converter placement on compressive spectrum sensing

The modulated wideband converter (MWC) introduced in [1] enables a wide band of spectrum to be sensed using inexpensive components. The MWC spreads the received signal in frequency, which allows the spectral occupancy to be sensed from sub-Nyquist rate samples via compressive sensing techniques. This paper compares embedding the MWC into the tuning circuit of the antenna with placing it in the receive chain. We demonstrate that embedding the MWC into the tuning circuit of the antenna can enhance the search bandwidth of the system.
A Reliability Framework for the Student Learning Process

This paper proposes and illustrates an analytical framework for improving the reliability of the student learning process. The proposed framework combines systems thinking with technical tools for error reduction. Data from an undergraduate quantitative methods class were used to analyze student performance. Results of this analysis suggested several failsafe solutions for error reduction. Implementation of these failsafe methods improved class participation and performance.
Biology of Larvae and Adults of Erynnis propertius at the Northern Edge of its Range

We describe aspects of the life history of Erynnis propertius (Scudder and Burgess) (Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae) by examining several populations over multiple years. We focused on peripheral populations of this species because they are isolated, are threatened by habitat loss, and may play an important role in driving poleward range expansion under increasing regional temperature. Our findings show that the annual larval growth rate does not vary directly with temperature, adult flight phenology and the timing of key resources respond to average daytime temperatures in spring, and population-density patterns among sites are robust over years across a broad region near the species' northern range limit. In addition, we provide descriptions of all larval instars for this species. This fundamental information about the biology, timing, and abundance of this species will facilitate further experimental study and improved assessment of its conservation status.
Cultural Psychology: Implications for Basic Psychological Theory

A theoretical argument for the importance of culture in psychological explanation is offered. It is maintained that the view that culture is integral to psychological theory rests on a meaning-based view of culture and on the recognition that culture is necessary in individual psychological development. Research on cognition and on the self is discussed briefly to illustrate ways in which work in cultural psychology is contributing to basic psychological theory. In future research, greater attention needs to be given to developing more sensitive understandings of culture and to incorporating these understandings in the constructs and methods of the discipline. In conclusion, cultural psychology is shown to represent a perspective to bring to bear in all types of psychological inquiry. While building on existing work in the field, cultural psychology offers an alternative vision that underscores respects in which psychological development represents an open, culturally mediated process.
The effects of bFGF on RCS rat eyes.

Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) has been implicated as a factor in retinal differentiation and disease. Recent studies have shown that subretinal or intravitreal injections of bFGF delay the retinal degeneration of the RCS rat but the global nature of this effect has been quantified for few test animals and the mechanism underlying this effect is not understood. In order to determine more accurately the global effects of intravitreal bFGF and to further elucidate the mechanism of bFGF promoted photoreceptor cell saving, we injected one of three bFGF doses into the vitreal cavities of young RCS rats. Using measurements from several eyes, we confirmed that a single intravitreal bFGF injection globally delays the RCS dystrophy. Test eyes contained fewer debris zone macrophages and more inner retinal macrophages than did control eyes at 1 month post injection. As bFGF's saving effect waned, the number of inner retinal macrophages decreased and the number of debris zone macrophages increased toward contr...
Medication Treatment Outcomes for School-Aged Children Diagnosed with Autism

Recent studies on the prevalence of autism indicate that approximately 1 in 200 children meet diagnostic criteria, significantly greater than rates reported just a decade ago (Blanchard, Gurka, & Blackman, 2006). Concurrently, biomedical treatments including psychotropic medication have been used with increased frequency to treat children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorders (Aman, Lam, & Van Bourgondien, 2005). Medication treatments are often sought as an adjunct to social, behavioral, and educational interventions in an attempt to improve children’s academic, social, behavioral, and emotional functioning. Anticipated and unanticipated effects of medications commonly used to treat behaviors associated with autism are reviewed. Knowledge about the types and evidence-based support for different medication treatments used within this population of children is essential to integrating medical, educational, and psychosocial treatments within the school context. Finally, a simple and efficient means by which school psychologists may contribute to the evaluation of treatment services to those with autism is provided.
E-V: Efficient visual surveillance with electronic footprints

Video cameras have been deployed at almost every critical location, and they keep generating huge volumes of video data. The current visual processing technologies are not efficient in handling all these data for surveillance purposes, and a large amount of human power is needed to process them. In this paper, we propose the E-V system, which uses electronic footprints to help sort through this swamp of data. Electronic footprints are wireless signals emitted by mobile devices carried by people. They are ubiquitous and amenable to collection and indexing. We study how to use electronic footprints to help quickly and accurately identify object's appearance model from large volumes of video data. We have formulated the problem and provided efficient algorithms to achieve the identification on large data sets. Real world experiments and large-scale simulations have been done, which confirms the feasibility and efficiency of the proposed algorithms.
Integrated adaptive DC/DC conversion with adaptive pulse-train technique for low-ripple fast-response regulation

Dynamic voltage scaling (DVS) is a very effective low-power design technique in modem digital IC systems. On-chip adaptive DC/DC converter, which provides adjustable output voltage, is a key component in implementing DVS-enabled system. This paper presents a new adaptive DC/DC converter design, which adopts a delay-line controller for voltage regulation. With a proposed adaptive pulse-train technique, ripple voltages are reduced by 50%, while the converter still maintains satisfying transient response. With a supply voltage of 3.3V, the output of the converter is well regulated from 1.7 to 3.0V. Power consumption of the controller is below 100 /spl mu/W. Maximum efficiency of 92% is achieved with output power of 125mW. Chip area is 0.8 /spl times/ 1.2mm/sup 2/ in 1.5 /spl mu/m standard CMOS process.
On acquisition of wideband direct-sequence spread spectrum signals

Very high rate packet data systems such as those based on wideband spread-spectrum (SS) signaling face an important challenge - achieving fast and reliable acquisition to minimize preamble overhead and optimize packet throughput. Such wideband modulation schemes undergo frequency selective fading, implying a very large number of resolved multipath components. Thus, the conventional analyses of serial search acquisition schemes based on simplifying assumptions that are valid in narrow(er) band systems (and are invalid for sufficiently wideband systems) need to be revamped. Also, there is a need to devise new schemes that exploit the presence of multipath components for faster acquisition over simple serial search. Our work provides novel contributions in both these aspects: we analyze serial and random search acquisition schemes and compare their performances in several multipath environments. It is shown that over many typical indoor channels, random search offers significantly lower mean acquisition times
KTR: an efficient key management scheme for air access control

To provide secure access to data in wireless broadcast services, symmetric key-based encryption is used to ensure that only users who own the valid keys can decrypt the data. In this paper, we propose an efficient key management scheme (namely KTR) to handle key distribution with regarding to complex subscription options and user activities. KTR has the following advantages. First, it supports all subscription activities in wireless broadcast services. Second, in KTR, a user only needs to hold one set of keys for all subscribed programs, instead of separate sets of keys for each program. Third, KTR identifies the minimum set of keys that must be changed to ensure broadcast security and minimize the rekey cost. Our simulations show that KTR can save about 45% of communication overhead in the broadcast channel and about 50% of decryption cost for each user, compared with conventional approaches based on logical key hierarchy.
Health and Social Precursors of Later Life Retirement-Community Migration

This study uses the developmental migration paradigm developed by Litwak and Longino (1987) as a framework to investigate the health and social determinants of late-life elderly mobility to retirement communities. Data from four waves of the Longitudinal Study of Aging are used to predict the likelihood of moving from the general community to two types of retirement communities--those with group meals and those without group meals. Multinomial logistic regression reveals that the likelihood of migrating to both types of retirement communities increases as disability advances to moderate levels, but declines as disability becomes severe. Migration to retirement communities is also more likely among elderly persons who live alone and among those whose children do not live nearby. The results suggest that retirement community migration in middle and late old age is motivated not only by social and amenity considerations, but also by the need for assisted living arising from physical frailty. Implications for developmental migration theory and long-term care policy are discussed.
Vierzig Jahre Evolution im Reagenzglas

Vierzig Jahre ist es her, dass Spiegelman und Mitarbeiter demonstrierten, wie RNA-Molekule in vitro (“im Reagenzglas”) evolviert werden konnen. Damit war einwandfrei festgestellt, dass die Darwinsche Evolution ein chemischer Prozess ist, und der Weg fur zahlreiche Folgeexperimente zur gerichteten Evolution war geebnet. Auch die Chemie fand Inspiration in Spiegelmans bahnbrechenden Arbeiten und den daraus hervorgegangenen Entwicklungen, die das Gebiet bis dicht an die Erschaffung von Leben im Labor gefuhrt haben. Dieser Aufsatz gibt einen Uberblick uber die Konzepte und Methoden zur gerichteten Evolution von RNA-Molekulen im Reagenzglas.
A coupling model analysis of dynamics of concentrated colloidal suspensions

Abstract Recent dynamic light scattering measurement on concentrated suspensions of ‘hard-sphere’ colloidal particles by Segre and Pusey (1996, Phys. Rev. Lett., 77, 771) are compared with the theoretical results calculated by the coupling model. The calculated normalized intermediate scattering function decays exponentially at both short and long times, f(Q, short t) ∞ exp [-D S(Q)Q 2 t] and f(Q, long t) ∞ exp [-D L(Q)Q t] respectively, with D L(Q) and D S(Q) having the same Q dependence. The ratio D L(Q)/D S(Q) decreases rapidly with volume fraction φ. At intermediate times, the decay of f(Q, t) is slower and non-exponential, becomes increasing slower and extends to longer times as φ increases. There is good agreement between theory and experiment. It is also pointed out that the diffusional dynamics found in concentrated colloidal suspensions are general and shared by other densely packed interacting systems.
Labels of giftedness and gender‐typicality: Effects on adults' judgments of children's traits

The study examines the impressions adults form of children as a function of labels of giftedness and gender-typicality. Participants read about a child described as male/female, “gifted”/“average,” and gender-typical/gender-atypical in academic interests; they then responded on 30 adjective scales. Compared with children labeled “average,” children labeled “gifted” are seen as closer to odd than to fits in well. Gender-atypical boys were considered more odd and gender-atypical girls were rated less odd than were gender-typical children, regardless of giftedness. There was no additive negative effect of being both gifted and gender-atypical. Basically, participants described gifted and gender-atypical children differently; some overlap exists between adjectives used to describe these children (e.g., odd). Giftedness and gender-atypicality are related but separate concepts, each with many facets. The interrelationships and diversity of the two concepts must be assessed when individuals consider the impression that gifted or gender-atypical children make on others.
Is It Really Anti-D and Anti-C or Is It Anti-G?

© case study [transfusion medicine | immunology | hematology] Is It Really Anti-D and Anti-C or Is It Anti-G? Nada Rikabi, MD,1 Lisa Dunn-Albanasse, MD,2 Dave Krugh, MT(ASCP)SBB,1 Diane Snider, MT(ASCP),1 Kristi Frenken, RN,2 Karen Rossi, RN,2 Richard O’Shaughnessy, MD,2 Melanie S. Kennedy, MD1 Departments of 1Pathology and 2Obstetrics & Gynecology, MaternalFetal Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
The Transformation of the Southern Democratic Party

The transformation of the Democratic party during the past century is an important institutional change in southern politics. Once the unchallenged majority party of the region, Democrats have declined to the level of a competitive minority party in the South as majorities of white conservatives and many white moderates have abandoned it. Even more consequential changes have occurred in its racial, ethnic, and gender composition. A party originally created by racist southern white men to enhance and maintain their perceived interests has now become the political home of African Americans, liberal and moderate whites, and Hispanics.
Extending Musical Form Outwards in Space and Time: Compositional strategies in sound art and audiovisual installations

Sound and media installations are rarely considered from a time-based, formal perspective. In order to enable a greater understanding of temporal form in sound installations, I suggest a cross-disciplinary adaptation of musical form to the installation context. Due to the differences between concert and installation presentation practices – including, but not limited to, the increased agency of the mobile visitor – I re-examine form in installation contexts as the particular temporal experience co-produced by the first-person subject as they navigate in, through and out of the work’s frame. By applying this musical perspective to macro-scale formal structures, a set of tools and concepts become available for the analysis of temporal form in existing sound or audiovisual installations. Using practice-based observation and analysis, I describe several compositional strategies through which musical concepts of material and form can be extended in space and time: each of these strategies provides means with which to shape or constrain the visitor’s co-production of experiential form. Finally, I discuss several strategies that can be used for the creation of large-scale form, with particular reference to algorithmic design principles used in my recent audiovisual installation, Room Dynamics.
Pathophysiology of Cardiac Arrhythmias: Arrhythmogenesis and Types of Arrhythmias

As a pumping organ with an intrinsic electrical system, the heart is unique. For most individuals, it remains efficient for decades. However, as a pump, it can fail. Often the failure is due to inherent or acquired problems with the electrical system. Failure of maintenance of normal sinus rhythm often results in adverse or no heart rhythm, a term referred to as “arrhythmias.” These can result in the heart rate being too fast (“tachy-”) or too slow (“brady-”) and alter blood flow resulting in patient morbidities and mortalities. Arrhythmias can occur anywhere in the heart and may not always be caused by any adverse lifestyle events such as coronary disease. Certain inherited congenital heart defects can cause abnormalities within the developing electrical system that can appear even before birth. Alternatively, the simple process of normal aging can adversely affect the heart’s ability to maintain normal rhythms. Once initiated, arrhythmias can be sustained by the normal anatomical variations of cardiac structures. There are three common arrhythmia etiologies: “automaticity” “reentry,” and “triggered.” Automaticity results from alterations of the basic cellular ion exchange mechanism which is depicted as a distinct electrical pattern, the action potential. Once an electrical impulse is initiated, it typically propagates cell to cell in a relatively uninterrupted fashion. However, if an obstruction (valves, veins) or postinfarction scar tissue occurs, the impulse can circle around the obstruction, creating a reentrant pathway. In rare instances, drugs or disease states can alter cell action potentials, triggering abnormal impulse initiation. This chapter will address all of these issues.
Symptoms of Alcohol Dependence Predict Suicide Ideation Among Alaskan Undergraduates

Abstract. Background: Previous research has demonstrated an association between alcohol-related problems and suicidal ideation (SI). Aims: The present study evaluated, simultaneously, alcohol consequences and symptoms of alcohol dependence as predictors of SI after adjusting for depressive symptoms and alcohol consumption. Method: A sample of 298 Alaskan undergraduates completed survey measures, including the Young Adult Alcohol Consequences Questionnaire, the Short Alcohol Dependence Data Questionnaire, and the Beck Depression Inventory – II. The association between alcohol problems and SI status was evaluated using sequential logistic regression. Results: Symptoms of alcohol dependence (OR = 1.88, p < .05), but not alcohol-related consequences (OR = 1.01, p = .95), emerged as an independent predictor of SI status above and beyond depressive symptoms (OR = 2.39, p < .001) and alcohol consumption (OR = 1.08, p = .39). Conclusion: Alcohol dependence symptoms represented a unique risk for SI relative to alc...
Acoustics Measurements of Scale Models of Military Style Supersonic Beveled Nozzle Jets

The emergence of louder, more powerful fighter aircraft has caused the research of supersonic jet noise reduction devices. Noise emitted towards the ground is most important during the takeoff segment of the flight profile (when the jet exhaust flow is typically over expanded). Small scale measurements are important so that noise reduction concepts can be evaluated early in the design process. In the past, acoustic measurements from the heat simulated small-scale anechoic facility at PSU have been compared to acoustic measurements from larger scale heated anechoic facilities with excellent results. Beveled exits for subsonic nozzles rotate the jet plume and primarily reduce noise through the subsequent rotation of the acoustic field. Until recently, this was believed to be the case for beveled exits on supersonic convergingdiverging nozzles. The jet plume from such nozzles was examined and shown to deflect less than 6 degrees for both over-expanded and under-expanded flows. Therefore any measured noise reduction is due to the alteration of the noise generation mechanisms and not the deflection of the jet plume. Beveled nozzles with the exit plane rotated 24 and 35 degrees were tested along with a baseline nozzle. Results show that for heated jets, noise in the peak emission direction was reduced by 3-4 dB on the long lip side of the nozzle, with very little altercation to the short lip side. For over expanded flows there was very little gain or reduction in the sideline broadband shock associated noise (BBSAN). However, for nearly perfectly expanded heated jets there was a noticeable increase in the sideline noise for the high frequency BBSAN.
Tractor-mounted Rotary Dispenser for Artificially Infesting Whorl-Stage Corn with Larvae of Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)

A rotating dispenser system for artificially infesting whorl-stage corn (Zea Mays L.) with larvae of the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda (J. E. Smith), was designed, developed, and evaluated. The system uniformly dispenses larvae up to a density averaging 76 larvae per g of corncob grits, while rotating at 75 rpm. The mortality of larvae tumbled in the hopper with grits was higher than the mortality of those not tumbled, but mortality did not differ significantly among larvae tumbled for 5, 10, or 20 min. Following application, the mean number of larvae recovered per plant, the mean percentage of plants infested, the mean percentage of plants infested with multiple larvae, and the mean percentage of damaged plants increased progressively and significantly as the density of dispensed fall armyworm larvae was increased from 1 to 16 per plant. The application system probably can be used to convey the larvae of numerous lepidopterous species on a variety of row crops and also may be adaptable for use in the augmentation of biological control agents.
Genome-Wide Gene Copy Number Analysis of Circulating Tumor Cells

Very little is known about the molecular biology of CTCs. The paucity of information can be largely attributed to the technical hurdles in isolating these extremely rare cells. Despite these challenges, there is a pressing need to elucidate the molecular characteristics of these tumor cells. In this chapter, we highlight recent studies on genome-wide gene copy number analysis of CTCs and comparisons with primary tumors. These initial studies serve as groundwork for future efforts in discovery and development of novel CTC-based genomic biomarkers. Further molecular profiling of CTCs may provide novel insights into mechanisms of disease progression and tumor evolution, and open new avenues for personalized treatment.
Robust mobile ground target localization using ground image features with UAV position compensation techniques

Recently, the task of localizing mobile ground targets using airborne images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) has received an increased interest of researchers in the UAV community. The task is even more difficult when position information of a UAV, estimated by Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, becomes unavailable. In this paper, we propose a new method to compute the UAV attitude and thus locate mobile ground targets using ground landmarks obtained from SIFT (Scale-Invariant Feature Transform) features. We show the validity of the proposed method using experimental flight data.
South-South Cooperation: Can Rwanda's Community Health Service Learn From Bangladeshi Info Lady

This paper explores the opportunity of a cooperation and knowledge sharing among the two developing yet promising countries, Bangladesh and Rwanda. Using our own comparative framework and field research data, we critically analyze two specific ICT infused community health services in Bangladesh and Rwanda, and explore whether, under a common comparative framework, these two countries can learn from each other. We found that Rwanda has a top down approach with the government leading the implementations. On the other hand Bangladesh has a more inclusive approach with feedback loop among all the stakeholders. Such difference in the approach is reflected in three main aspects: service design, collaboration with partners and sustainability. We propose that sustainable entrepreneurship using health and related information as a commodity among the community health workers, supported by long term planning and strategic partnerships.
Reduction of ventilator-associated pneumonia in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit: a multimodality prevention and testing protocol.

AIM Ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP) is a serious concern for patients in the Neuroscience Intensive Care Unit (NSICU). The risks to patients are significant and the monetary costs are astronomical. We review a multimodality approach that substantially reduced VAP rate in our ICU METHODS: Data from all patients admitted to the NSICU between January 2005 and April 2010 were reviewed. All ventilated patients were treated according to a multimodality VAP assessment and prevention protocol, implementation of which began in August of 2008 and was completed by March 2009. Rates of VAP before, during, and after implementation of the protocol are compared. VAP rates are also compared to national rates as obtained from the National Healthcare Safety Network (NHSN). RESULTS In the pre-implementation period, the VAP rate was 11.6 per 1000 ventilator days. This rate was twice the national average. In the post implementation period, the VAP rate was 5.5/1000 ventilator days. VAP rate dropped precipitously after full compliance with the protocol was achieved. CONCLUSION Although intubated patients in the NSICU are at high risk for VAP, a significant reduction in VAP-related morbidity and monetary costs can be obtained with multimodality prevention and testing protocols.
Controversy in Renal Transplantation: Antireflux Versus Non-Antireflux Ureteroneocystostomy

AbstractA comparison of 118 consecutive nephroureteral allografts suggests that ureteroneocystostomy provides excellent results with (60 cases) or without (52 cases) an antireflux procedure. Reflux was noted in less than 10 per cent of each group after transplantation and no morbidity could be attributed to reflux when it was found. There was no obstruction or anastomotic leakage in either group. The advantages of each procedure are discussed.
Comment on Rosenstock and Ferrannini. Euglycemic Diabetic Ketoacidosis: A Predictable, Detectable, and Preventable Safety Concern With SGLT2 Inhibitors. Diabetes Care 2015;38:1638-1642.

I felt uneasy about the assessment by Rosenstock and Ferrannini (1) that euglycemic diabetic ketoacidosis (euDKA) associated with sodium–glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) therapy is predictable. My patient got up, ate breakfast, and went to work only to become symptomatic later that morning. By that evening she was in the intensive care unit with arterial pH 6.8 and β-hydroxybutyrate 9.95 mmol/L (normal range 0.02–0.27) associated with blood glucose 182 mg%, creatinine 0.84 mg%, and lactate 1.4 mmol/L (0.05–2.2) and with negative results on salicylates, acetaminophen, ethylene glycol, lipase, blood cultures, transaminase, human chorionic gonadotropin, and toxicology screening. She was not known to have any of …
A Perspective on the Normalisation Of East-West Commerce

For most of the post-war period, East-West economic relations have been considered uniquely oriented to political and security policies and divorced from normal practices in the world market and international economic community.2) While political and security factors may continue to be present in trade, significant economic changes in both the East and the West, and in the international economy, suggest that we may see in the decades ahead a trend toward greater East-West commercial normalisation and expanded economic interchange.
International telecommunications demand

Abstract The means by which consumers communicate internationally have changed dramatically in recent years. The emergence of wireless international calling as well as VoIP have created substantial new communications pathways and vehicles for consumers. This paper extends the focus of traditional international demand studies to incorporate these new pathways for international communications. It draws upon a modern database that incorporates both mobile and VoIP calling made over the 2009–2012 period between 25 countries around the world. Among other things, it finds that modern consumers of international calling are most sensitive to mobile and VoIP telephone prices and that the deployment of broadband has replaced the deployment of fixed telephone lines as a key enabling infrastructure for international calling. The results suggest that future studies of international communications should certainly incorporate these features.
PENGETAHUAN WIRAUSAHA DAN MINAT BERWIRAUSAHA PADA SISWA SMK

Pengetahuan Wirausaha dan Minat Berwirausaha Siswa SMK. Penelitian ini bertujuan menge-tahui pengaruh pengetahuan kewirausahaan dengan minat berwirausaha siswa SMK (SMK) 1 Bungoro Pangkep dengan sampel 65 responden. Teknik pengumpulan data dalam bentuk dokumentasi dan kuesioner. Hasil analisis regresi linier Y = 102,887+ 0,15295X, yang berarti bahwa nilai konstan 102,887 adalah jumlah minat ber-wirausaha (Y) dicapai terlepas dari tingkat pengetahuan pengusaha (X), sedangkan nilai koefisien regresi untuk 0,15295X, yang berarti bahwa setiap peningkatan pengetahuan kewirausahaan tumbuh minat berwirausaha dengan 0,15295 kali lipat. Dari analisis nilai korelasi r sama dengan 0,055, yang berarti bahwa korelasi antara pengetahuan tentang minat berwirausaha siswa SMK (SMK) 1 nilai Bungoro diperoleh dalam kategori sedang. Koefisien determinasi adalah R² = 0,997 atau 99,7%, yang berarti bahwa pengaruh pengetahuan kewirausahaan terhadap minat berwirausaha sebesar 99,7%, sedangkan sisanya 0,3% ditentukan oleh faktor lain yang tidak diteliti oleh peneliti. Untuk menguji koefisien regresi signifikan digunakan analisis t-test, yaitu untuk mengetahui tingkat signifikansi pada waktu untuk menguji hipotesis. Pengujian menghasilkan nilai yang diperoleh sig = 0,004 <sig = 0.05 maka H1 diterima, ditolak H0, itu berarti bahwa pengetahuan kewirausahaan dan berdampak signifikan terhadap minat berwirausaha. Dari analisis ini, dapat disimpulkan bahwa pengetahuan kewirausahaan berpengaruh signifikan terhadap minat berwirausaha siswa SMK (SMK). Kata kunci: pengetahuan wirausaha minat berwirausaha
Frameworks for Assessing and Evaluating e-Learning Courses and Programs

This chapter provides an overview of different frameworks, benchmarks, guidelines, and instruments that exist to assess the quality and effectiveness of e-learning programs. Elements of multiple frameworks and instruments are combined to identify seven quality indicators such as institutional support, technology infrastructure, course design, learner and instructor support, learning effectiveness, faculty and student satisfaction, and course assessment and evaluation in the “What you need to know” section. Key considerations for each of the quality indicators which e-learning leaders can use to make key decisions and implementation considerations are provided in the “What you can do” section. Finally, the chapter also describes the need and the importance of using frameworks to assess and evaluate quality of e-learning courses and programs.
Wherefore Art Thou MOOC: Defining Massive Open Online Courses

Although MOOCs are a much-discussed topic in higher education, these conversations do not often include details regarding the nuanced nature of these courses. What do we mean when we refer to MOOCs? In the current work, we not only delve into the variations of MOOCs, but more specifically, we put a typology we previously created into practice. Our goal with this work is not only to provide an extended categorization for MOOCs, but also to apply those categories to MOOCs that are currently advertised or already available.