cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Note on the Dangers of Using Regressions to Analyze Earnings Forecasts

When data exhibit cross-sectional variation in scale and regression parameters, pooled regression parameters can exhibit severe biases. It is commonly assumed that normalizing per-share earnings data by a firm's stock price eliminates cross-sectional variation in scale. This study shows that this is not always true. The hierarchical model explicitly allows for both types of variations in earnings data, and therefore provides more reliable parameter estimates. This study examines analyst exaggeration and herding behavior using empirical Bayes estimates from a hierarchical model. There are significant differences between hierarchical and conventional estimates, which sometimes substantially alter one's conclusions about analyst behavior.
Charles Gillispie in the Digital Age

Denis Diderot was in more than one way a predecessor of Charles Gillispie, and this widely quoted passage does not, of course, apply only to knowledge about nature. It also describes how we acquire our understanding of history. Given the enormity of the world and the almost endless wealth of observations, it is beyond the reach of any single scholar to achieve anything close to a complete overview. Therefore, “profound reflection” and “exact experimentation” are all the more important. And so, we might add, are the organized and guided efforts of large communities of scholars and scientists working towards a common goal. Only then can we even approach collective “creative genius.”
Long-term neurodevelopmental outcome of asphyxiated newborns.

Perinatal asphyxia continues to be a major cause of long-term morbidity in both premature and term infants. This article reviews some of the latest information on long-term outcome in asphyxiated infants and relates neurologic sequelae to the specific type of hypoxic-ischemic brain injury. Sequelae related more specifically to asphyxiated premature and term infants are compared. A practical approach to follow-up is offered with a brief review of current methods being suggested and used to predict longterm outcome.
Spherule Layers Near the Archean-Proterozoic Boundary

As noted in Chapter 7, strata deposited during a relatively short period of time straddling the Archean-Proterozoic boundary contain an unusually high concentration of spherule layers. At least 4 bodies roughly the size of the end-Cretaceous impactor or larger hit the Earth in a span of some 140 million years (Table 8.1). To date, spherule layers from these impacts have only been found in two limited geographic areas where sedimentary strata are unusually well preserved: the Hamersley Basin of Western Australia and the Griqualand West Basin of South Africa. These two successions are thought to be largely contemporaneous and host some of the largest banded iron formations (BIFs) and iron mines in the world (Fig. 8.1; Beukes and Gutzmer 2008; de Kock et al. 2009). Spherule layers are hosted by both BIFs and associated strata and it appears that most can be correlated between the two basins (Simonson et al. 2009a; Hassler et al. 2011; see Sect. 8.4). The Hamersley layers are described first, then those in the Griqualand West Basin, and finally their correlations are discussed.
Proceedings of the 1st ACM international workshop on Wireless mobile applications and services on WLAN hotspots

It is with great pleasure to welcome you to WMASH 2003, the First ACM International Workshop on WLAN Hotspots. The creation of this workshop was motivated by the fast growth in the number of hotspots providers and users in the last few years; a growth of more than 100% from 2001 to 2002 (close to 4000 providers in 2002), and expectation of exponential expansion in the near future. The number of users of these facilities has grown up similarly and may surpass 10 million by 2010. This phenomenon will no doubt bring about many technical and economic problems and issues which need to be addressed. From users point of view it is important to see new services, applications, and lower cost.From providers' point of view, it is essential to understand the usage pattern and to address many technical and economic issues to guarantee success.We hope this workshop serves as a forum to address these issues. We have made an attempt to collect papers and gather talents from across the world to address spectrum of problems and shed some light in their solutions. In addition, we have tried to assemble a mix of talents in our panel session to discuss this evolving technology and service.
How climate and human activity shape a mountain ecosystem

A detailed biological assessment of Africa’s highest mountain explores how climate modulates the effects of human land use on plants, animals, microorganisms and a diverse array of ecosystem functions. How climate modulates the effect of human activity on Mount Kilimanjaro.
C. S. Marvel

When I began research in organic chemistry, polymers were very poorly understood. Staudinger was just beginning to proclaim them as macromolecules rather than aggregates which were held together in some mysterious manner. There were no techniques such as infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry to use as routine tools for structure determinations. It was then necessary to use chemical methods.
VRParaSet : A Virtual Reality Model for Visualizing Multidimensional Data

Visual analytics relies heavily on two-dimensional graphical representations. Going beyond 2D is useful as we can utilize additional dimensions to present complex data sets but requires more user efforts to navigate/rotate to the appropriate views. Moreover, multidimensional visual analytics in immersed environments has not been fully explored. In this paper, we present a virtual reality model for visualizing multidimensional data in parallel coordinates, called VRParaSet. Our approach stacks polylines traveling in the similar paths between two consecutive dimensions. We anchor the lines at the vertices to reduce occlusions, offer esthetic appearance, and reveal data-based structures not evident in 2D panels or contours. The proposed model is compared to its 2D and 3D equivalences through a user study of 19 participants. The results show that the virtual reality model, while potentially useful, requires a lot of cares, especially on navigation and interaction within the virtual space.
Early feeding in colorectal surgery patients: safe and cost effective

Enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) pathways has demonstrated improved outcomes in colorectal surgery. An important component of ERAS is early oral intake. The aim of this study is to determine the impact of early oral intake in patients following colorectal surgery. A retrospective analysis of patients who underwent colectomy and proctectomy at an academic institution from January 2015 to November 2018 was performed. Postoperative outcomes were compared between patients who had postoperative day 0 (POD 0) oral intake and those who did not. A total of 436 ERAS patients had oral intake timing documented. The majority of patients were women (241, 55.3%) and white (313, 71.8%). The mean age was 57 ± 15.09. Patients who had early intake were found to have lower 30-day overall morbidity and length of stay (p < 0.05), and no difference in serious adverse events. Additionally, hospital costs were lower in the POD 0 feeding group for all patients (p < 0.05). We have demonstrated that early oral feeding in an established ERAS pathway is associated with improved clinical outcomes as well as decreased total hospital costs. Early postoperative feeding is safe in colorectal patients and should be prioritized to decrease complications and healthcare costs.
Discussion: Across the Great Divide: Bridging the Gap Between Economics- and Sociology-Based Research in Management Accounting

Over the past two decades, management accounting has evolved into a discipline that is open to multiple theoretical perspectives. In addition to the rational agency paradigm that has been the mains...
Abstract B35: Dietary flaxseed supplementation in ovarian cancer: Elucidating the molecular actions of its biologically derived active compounds

The goal of our study is to elucidate the anti-ovarian cancer molecular mechanisms promoted by a flaxseed-supplemented diet in the laying hen. A flaxseed-supplemented diet generates a myriad of biologically active compounds that work synergistically to attack ovarian tumors. Our laboratory has demonstrated that flaxseed diet reduces the occurrence and severity of ovarian cancer in laying hen—the only spontaneous animal model for ovarian cancer. Flax diet in chicken induces the CYP1A1 pathway of estrogen metabolism increasing production of 2-hydroxy and 2-methoxy metabolites. 2-methoxyestradiol (2ME) is produced by the Catechol-O-Methyl transferase (COMT) enzyme from 2-hydroxyestradiol—a pathway that reduces estrogen toxicity, which is protective against ovarian cancer. Flaxseed is also a rich source of omega-3 fatty acids, mostly a-linoleic acid (ALA), which is converted into docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) in the gut. We have recently shown that flaxseed diet induces apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis in the chicken ovarian tumors. 2ME promotes apoptosis and inhibits angiogenesis via activation of p38-MAPK; DHA has potent antiangiogenic and anti-inflammatory actions, however not dependent on the p38-MAPK pathway. To further investigate the molecular mechanisms of the antiangiogenic actions of flax diet, a qRT-PCR array analyzing 84 key genes involved in angiogenesis was performed. Nine key genes were significantly downregulated with flax diet. These genes are involved in hypoxia-induced endothelial cell migration, proliferation, differentiation, and lymphangiogenesis. Using human ovarian cancer cells, DNA damage was studied by TUNEL staining; DNA content and cell cycle progression were studied by PI staining and flow cytometry; apoptosis was measured by cleavage of caspase-3 by Western blot. 2ME treatment induced phosphorylation at ser139 of histone H2A (gH2Ax), a known marker for dsDNA breaks, along with phosphorylation at ser10 of histone H3 (pHH3) and ser14 of histone H2B (pHH2B). 2ME is known to bind at/near the colchicine binding site of the growing microtubules and therefore arresting cells at G2/M phase. 2ME effects were equivalent in ERa positive and negative human ovarian cancer cells. Also, the selective GPR30 agonist and antagonist, G1 and G15, did not modulate the effects of 2ME. Therefore, the anticancer actions of 2ME are not dependent on or mediated through the estrogen receptors. (NIH RO1AT005295) Citation Format: Purab Pal, Karen Hales, Dale Buchanan Hales. Dietary flaxseed supplementation in ovarian cancer: Elucidating the molecular actions of its biologically derived active compounds [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Advances in Ovarian Cancer Research; 2019 Sep 13-16, 2019; Atlanta, GA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2020;26(13_Suppl):Abstract nr B35.
Detectability of Hydrogen Mixing in Type Ia Supernova Premaximum Spectra

The presence of a small amount of hydrogen is expected in most single-degenerate scenarios for producing a Type Ia supernova (SN Ia). While hydrogen may be detected in very early high-resolution optical spectra, in early radio spectra, and in X-ray spectra, here we examine the possibility of detecting hydrogen in early low-resolution spectra such as those that will be obtained by proposed large-scale searches for nearby SNe Ia. We find that definitive detections will require both very early spectra (less than 5 days after explosion) and perhaps slightly higher amounts of hydrogen than are currently predicted to be mixed into the outer layers of SNe Ia. Thus, the nondetection of hydrogen so far does not in and of itself rule out any current progenitor models. Nevertheless, very early spectra of SNe Ia will provide significant clues to the amount of hydrogen present and hence to the nature of the SN Ia progenitor system. Spectral coverage in both the optical and IR will be required to definitively identify hydrogen in low-resolution spectra.
Previously reward-associated sounds interfere with goal-directed auditory processing.

Previously reward-associated stimuli have consistently been shown to involuntarily capture attention in the visual domain. Although previously reward-associated but currently task-irrelevant sounds...
Elevated Neurobehavioral Responses to Negative Social Interactions in Women With Bulimia Nervosa.

Abstract Background Bulimia nervosa (BN) is a complex psychiatric illness that includes binge-purge behaviors and a belief that one’s value as a person depends on body shape and weight. Social pressure strongly influences the development and maintenance of BN, but how this manifests neurobiologically within an individual remains unknown. We used a computational psychiatry approach to evaluate neural mechanisms underlying social interactions in BN. Methods Behavioral and functional magnetic resonance imaging data were collected from 24 women with BN and 26 healthy comparison women using an iterated social exchange game. Data were sorted round by round based on whether the mathematically computed social signals indicated an improving (positive reciprocity) or deteriorating (negative reciprocity) relationship for each participant. Results Social interactions with negative reciprocity resulted in more negative behavioral responses and stronger neural activations in both cortical and subcortical regions in women with BN than healthy comparison women. No behavioral or neural differences were observed for interactions demonstrating positive reciprocity, suggesting a very specific form of psychopathology in BN: amplification of negative self-relevant social interactions. Cortical activations (e.g., temporoparietal junction and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex) did not covary with mood symptoms, while subcortical activations (e.g., amygdala and dorsal striatum) were associated with acute psychopathology. Conclusions These data provide a first step toward a mechanistic neuropsychological model of aberrant social processing in BN, demonstrating how a computational psychiatric approach can elucidate neural mechanisms for complex psychiatric illnesses. Future treatments for BN may include targeting neural regions that support these negative biases in social perceptions.
Variants of Ranked-Choice Voting from a Strategic Perspective

Ranked-choice voting has come to mean a range of electoral systems. Broadly, they can facilitate (a) majority winners in single-seat districts, (b) majority rule with minority representation in multi-seat districts, or (c) majority sweeps in multi-seat districts. Further, such systems can combine with rules to encourage/discourage slate voting. This article describes five major versions used, abandoned, and/or proposed for US public elections: alternative vote, single transferable vote, block-preferential voting, the bottoms-up system, and alternative vote with numbered posts. It then considers each from the perspective of a ‘political strategist.’ Simple models of voting (one with two parties, another with three) draw attention to real-world strategic issues: effects on minority representation, importance of party cues, and reasons for the political strategist to care about how voters rank choices. Unsurprisingly, different rules produce different outcomes with the same sets of ballots. Specific problems from the strategist’s perspective are: ‘majority reversal,’ serving ‘two masters,’ and undisciplined third-party voters (or ‘pure’ independents). Some of these stem from well-known phenomena, e.g., ranking truncation and ‘vote leakage.’ The article also alludes to ‘vote-management’ tactics, i.e., rationing nominations and ensuring even distributions of first-choice votes. Illustrative examples come from American history and comparative politics. A running theme is the two-pronged failure of the Progressive Era reform wave: with respect to minority representation, then ranked voting's durability.
Mothering a child while participating in a substance use disorder program: A phenomenological study.

Abstract Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe what it is like to live the everyday moments of mothering while actively participating in a substance use disorder (SUD) program from the mother's perspective. This study was guided by the research question: What is the structure of meaning of the lived experience of mothering a child while participating in a substance use disorder program? Method This qualitative study integrated phenomenology and story theory in the gathering and analysis of the stories. The study setting included two ambulatory clinics that are part of a larger biobehavioral health center of a large south-eastern academic medical center. Nine mothers confirmed voluntary participation, beginning in October 2020 through February 2021, yet only 4 could meet for face to face story gathering sessions. Van Manen's approach to data analysis was used to determine themes in the gathered stories. Results The finding revealed six themes, along with specific descriptors in the words of the mothers. The themes were synthesized into a structure of meaning that includes: 1. Living the tensions of the everyday; 2. being pressured in mother/family/community relationships; and 3. reflecting on moving forward. These findings could be established in practice protocols for mothers in SUD recovery programs. Conclusion To support the mental health of mothers in SUD recovery programs, it is essential to understand their situation from their perspective. To get that perspective, the nurse needs to encourage the mother to share her experiences in SUD recovery programs.
Physiological Roles of Gap Junctional Communication in Reproduction

The uterus exhibits a unique structural and physiological plasticity when responding to ovarian cues with orderly cycles of tissue differentiation, glandular secretion, and regional turnover of terminally differentiated cells. These cyclic changes are programmed to be developmentally synchronous with blastocyst development, such that arrival of a blastocyst in the uterus, followed by interaction of blastocyst trophectoderm with uterine epithelial cells, results in the progressive phases of implantation.
Molecular Detection and Characterization of Hepatitis B Virus

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a small, enveloped DNA virus belonging to the family Hepadnaviridae that causes transient or persistent (chronic) infection of the liver. The appreciation of clinical syndromes of acute and chronic hepatitis laid the foundation for the discovery of each of the human hepatitis viruses. Generation of multiple surface proteins from a single reading frame occurs by translation initiation at separate AUG codons within a transcript rather than by generation and cleavage of precursor proteins (as occurs with hepatitis C virus [HCV]). The focus of molecular testing is instead the characterization, treatment, and management of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) infection. Compared to antibody-based detection methods for other viruses, serologic detection of HBV is relatively sensitive due to overexpression of surface antigen (HBsAg) as noninfectious subviral particles. Nucleic acid testings (NATs) for intrahepatic HBV replication intermediates such as covalently closed circular DNA (cccDNA) have been used to characterize viral replication and evaluate antiviral therapies but are not available for routine clinical use. The earliest examples of commercial HBV NATs were quantitative, reflecting the clinical utility of HBV DNA as a surrogate for measurement of infectious hepatitis B virion burden. Given the extreme genetic variability of the HBV genome, attention will hopefully be focused on development of improved chemistries for accommodation of polymorphisms in viral load assays to reduce the risk of under quantification.
An approach to intensional query answering at multiple abstraction levels using data mining approaches

Introduces a partially automated method for generating intensional answers at multiple abstraction levels for a query, which can help database users find more interesting and desired answers. Our approach consists of three phases: pre-processing, query execution and answer generation. In the pre-processing phase, we build a set of concept hierarchies constructed by generalization of the data stored in a database and a set of virtual hierarchies to provide a global view of the relationships among high-level concepts from multiple concept hierarchies. In the query execution phase, we receive a user's query, process the query, collect an extensional answer and select a set of relevant attributes to be generalized in the extensional answer. In the answer generation phase, we find the general characteristics of those relevant attribute values at multiple abstraction levels with the concept hierarchies and the virtual hierarchies by using data mining methods. The main contribution of this paper is that we apply and extend data mining methods to generate intensional answers at multiple abstraction levels, which increases the relevance of the answers. In addition, we suggest strategies to avoid meaningless intensional answers, which substantially reduces the computational complexity of the intensional answer generation process.
A review of factors affecting individual performance in team environments: Theories and implications for library management

Purpose – This review aims to compile an interdisciplinary inventory of factors affecting individual performance in team environments.Design/methodology/approach – Research focusing on the performance of the individual within a team from the disciplines of psychology, sociology, business, and library science was analyzed and synthesized. Five online aggregators and a combination of keyword/subject terms were used to locate the research originating primarily from journal literature.Findings – After exploring the research, 12 different performance factors emerged in two primary categories: extrinsic and intrinsic. Extrinsic factors included collective efficacy, social rewards and sanctions, social dilemmas, social loafing, future interdependence, and social identity. Intrinsic factors included individual identity, desire to achieve, member role differences, team size, individual status attainment, and member commitment.Originality/value – There is a substantial amount of research concerning team motivation ...
Understanding Environmental Influence on Human Service Organizations

This study addresses the impact of the external environmental context of individual organizations on their internal structures and service configurations, as they attempted to adapt to a changing p...
Empowering Students to Empower Others: A Community-Based Field Practicum

Abstract Students are unable to empower their clients to the extent that they themselves are empowered. In afield practicum based in a low-income community it was found that students' sense of empowerment depended on the kind of feedback they received from others. The critical source of feedback was the field instructor. A field setting with limited structural supports has proved to be liberating to the majority of students but overwhelming for some.
BODY-IMAGE IN ADOLESCENTS: A PSYCHIATRIC CONCEPT FOR THE PEDIATRICIAN

The pediatrician must accept an active role in the management of the emotional and behavioral problems of the adolescent. The body-image concept is the natural domain of the pediatrician since he is in the best position to evaluate the individual9s attitudes and appraisal of his own physical appearance. By understanding the factors which are involved in determining the "structure" of the body-image, namely, the individual9s actual appearance, the internalized psychogenic and the sociological factors and their concept of the ideal, the pediatrician can help both the parents and the adolescent to understand their needs and develop acceptable adaptations. The body-image as a psychiatric concept has validity at all ages but can be of particular help to understand the problems of the adolescent in whom the body takes on a new significance. There can be no doubt that in adolescence anatomic, physiological, and psychological disharmonies do take place. The pediatrician is often the one who is called on to interpret their meaning to the adolescent as well as the parents in order to prevent unhappy consequences. The patient must learn to understand and accept himself. For their own future happiness and well-being, we need somehow to foster in these young people the idea of the uniqueness, the dignity and the worth of the individual.
Distribution of Radionuclides from the Interaction of 3- and 29-GeV Protons with Silver

Formation cross sections have been measured of about 60 radionuclides isolated from Ag irradiated by 3- and 29-GeV protons. From these data, isobaric charge distributions and mass-yield curves were derived. At 3 GeV, the total isobaric cross sections are \ensuremath{\sim}40 mb near the target, and they decrease to a broad minimum of 4 mb at around $A=30\ensuremath{-}40$. For lighter products the cross sections increase again. At 29 GeV, light- and intermediate-mass products ($20lAl50$) have 20-100% higher cross sections than at 3 GeV; the heavier products ($Ag65$) have 10-20% lower yields. Corresponding charge-distribution curves at the two energies are identical except for shifts in absolute magnitude. Comparison of the 3-GeV mass-yield curve with the results of a Monte Carlo calculation based on a cascade-evaporation model shows that such a mechanism can account for the observed cross sections down to about mass 50. The lower-mass products ($15lAl35$) must be formed mainly in a fragmentation or "fission-like" process. Comparisons are made with previous nuclear-emulsion and radiochemical results.
Performance of Bilirubin Determinations in US Laboratories—Revisited

Background: The diagnosis and management of hyperbilirubinemia in the newborn requires accurate and precise bilirubin determinations. We evaluated the current status of bilirubin measurements in US laboratories by examining data submitted by laboratories participating in the College of American Pathologists (CAP) Neonatal Bilirubin (NB) and Chemistry (C) Surveys. Methods: We analyzed specimens from the CAP NB and C Surveys by the reference method for total bilirubin in three laboratories. The reference method bilirubin values were compared with bilirubin values reported by Survey participants. Results: The imprecision (CV) for all instruments combined (CAP-All Instruments) ranged from 4.7% to 5.6% at the bilirubin concentrations tested. The CVs of the four most commonly used instruments were smaller, ranging from 1.9% to 4.5%. Differences between bilirubin values by the reference method and mean values from the four most common instruments ranged from −21.6% to 10.9%. When the same specimens from the NB Surveys were used in the C Surveys, the Vitros values were strikingly different from those of the NB Surveys. The use of different methods in the NB and C Surveys coupled with the presence of a nonhuman protein base and ditaurobilirubin (DTB) in the Survey specimens accounted for the discrepant results. Conclusions: The evaluation of accuracy is impossible from the CAP Surveys because the specimens consist of bovine serum containing a mixture of unconjugated bilirubin and DTB. For the evaluation of accuracy, we recommend that Survey specimens consist of human serum enriched with unconjugated bilirubin.
Dispersion of Silicate in Tricalcium Phosphate Elucidated by Solid-State NMR

The dispersion of silicate in tricalcium phosphate, a resorbable bioceramics for bone replacement, has been investigated by various solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods. In samples prepared with 5 and 10 mol % of both 29SiO2 and ZnO, three types of silicate have been detected: (i) SiO44− (Q0 sites) with long longitudinal (T1,Si) relaxation times (∼10 000 s), which substitute for ∼1% of PO43−; (ii) silicate nanoinclusions containing Q2, Q1, and Q0 sites with T1,Si ∼ 100 s, which account for most of the silicon; and (iii) crystalline Q4 (SiO2) with long T1,Si. Sensitivity was enhanced >100-fold by 29Si enrichment and refocused detection. The inclusions in both samples have a diameter of ∼8 nm, as proved by 29Si{31P} REDOR dephasing on a 30-ms time scale, which was simulated using a multispin approach specifically suited for nanoparticles. 29Si CODEX NMR with 30-s 29Si spin diffusion confirms that an inclusion contains >10 Si (consistent with the REDOR result of >100 Si per inclusion). Overla...
The isolation and characterization of IgD from dysgammaglobulinemic serum.

Abstract IgD has been isolated in homogeneous form from a dysgammaglobulinemic plasma. This preparation of IgD represents the first pure preparation isolated from a plasma having a titer of IgD approaching that of normal plasma rather than from a plasma having a high titer such as myeloma plasma. The isolation procedure was developed from the solubility properties of IgD in solutions of (NH4)2SO4, Zn-acetate, Rivanol, etc. Final purification involved gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, batch adsorption on DEAE Sephadex A-50, chromatography on DE-52 microgranular cellulose, and immunoadsorption. The procedure permitted the isolation of IgD from large volumes of plasma and yielded enriched fractions of albumin, IgM and IgG. The physicochemical properties of IgD were determined. The electrophoretic mobility in veronal buffer, pH 8.6, Γ/2-0.1 was 2.52 × 10−5 cm2/V sec. The isoelectric point determined by electrophoresis in phosphate buffers, Γ/2-0.1 was 5.85. The sedimentation coefficient extrapolated to zero concentration in water was 6.92S. Molecular weight by osmotic pressure was 183,000, by sedimentation equilibrium was 178,800, and by a combination of sedimentation, viscosity, and partial specific volume data was from 128,500 to 175,700. The weight intrinsic viscosity was 0.094, and the partial specific volume was 0.717. Molecular dimensions were calculated by assuming prolate and oblate ellipsoids of revolution. The IgD was homogeneous by electrophoresis, sedimentation and by antigenicity.
What's in a flicker film?

Artists and others viewed a relatively simple flicker film (a film alternating light with dark groups of frames) and reproduced what they “saw.” Their drawings bore a remarkable resemblance to mandala patterns, though most viewers had not previously heard of such structures. The authors speculate on the physiological determinants of this phenomenon and offer a filmography of available flicker films.
Perineal impalements in children: distinguishing accident from abuse.

Perineal impalements are uncommon and potentially life-threatening injuries. Medical providers must evaluate the risk of child abuse in all cases of genital or anal trauma. Determination of abuse depends on medical assessment of the mechanism of injury and statements by the child and witnesses, and may require collaboration with police or child protection agencies for scene investigation. OBJECTIVE: To describe circumstances, medical findings, and child protection issues raised in accidental pediatric perineal impalement injuries. METHODS: Retrospective case series selected from the authors' own practices and from submissions through an international list-serve of child abuse physicians. All cases included were determined to be accidental. RESULTS: Thirty-four cases were identified. Children ranged in age from 13 months to 14 years, 59% were girls. Most injuries occurred in the home (24/34, 71%), and more than one third (13/34, 38%) occurred in the bathroom. Most children had examination under anesthesia (26/34, 77%), many required surgical repair (20/34, 59%), and 4 had bowel perforations. Multidisciplinary assessment regarding child abuse was used in 71% (24/34) of cases. Inspection of the impaling objects or the scene was accomplished by medical providers or police in 50% (17/34) of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Ambulatory children can sustain accidental perineal impalement injuries, and severe internal injuries may accompany minor external findings. History from supervising adults and from other child witnesses, examination of the impaling objects, and investigation of the scene may be required to reach the conclusion of accidental injury. Language: en
The Infrared Emittance Of Semi-Transparent Materials Measured At Cold Temperatures

The infrared emittance of semi-transparent glazing materials used in passive solar building construction was measured over the temperature range -5.6°C to +15°C at 2 - 5.6 μm wavelength. A table of measured apparent emittance values is presented. Absolute values of emittance are not provided due to the conclusion that no adequate model describing three-dimensional emittance in terms of thickness, rectilinear transmittance, and broadband detector sensitivity has yet been formulated. A rough rule-of-thumb for thermographers appears to be that a high emittance value can be assumed for most thick sheets of these materials but the emittance of thin films drops rapidly below a certain critical thickness.
Role of Src expression and activation in human cancer

Since the original identification of a transmissible agent responsible for the development of tumors in chickens, now known to be a retrovirus encoding the v-src gene, significant progress has been made in defining the potential functions of its human homolog, SRC. The product of the human SRC gene, c-Src, is found to be over-expressed and highly activated in a wide variety of human cancers. The relationship between Src activation and cancer progression appears to be significant. Moreover, Src may have an influence on the development of the metastatic phenotype. This review discusses the data supporting a role for c-Src as a critical component of the signal transduction pathways that control cancer cell development and growth, and provides the rationale for targeting Src in drug discovery efforts.
Characterization of Soy Protein Concentrate Produced by Membrane Ultrafiltration

The functionality of membrane processed soy concentrate was very similar to soy flour in terms of solubility and water hydration capacity. The high emulsifying activity index of soy flour is believed to be reflective of its higher solubility, while surface hydrophobicity is believed to be responsible for an equally high emulsifying activity index in acid precipitated soy isolate. The proteins of soy flour and membrane soy concentrate seem to have most of their hydrophobic residues buried in the interior, while they are exposed in acid precipitated soy isolate. Heating resulted in a decrease in solubility but improved the hydration capacity and emulsifying activity of both soy flour and membrane soy concentrate. The essential amino acid profile of concentrate was comparable to current commercial isolates manufactured by acid precipitation. The majority of the polypeptides present in soy flour were observed to be present in the concentrate. The membrane soy concentrate was determined to have the least soybean aroma when compared to both soy flour and acid precipitated soy isolate.
EXAMINING INTERACTIONS BETWEEN SOLUTION ARCHITECTURE AND DESIGNER MISTAKES

When designing complex systems, it is often the case that a design process is subjected to a variety of unexpected inputs, interruptions, and changes. These disturbances can create unintended consequences including changes to the design process architecture, the planned design responsibilities, or the design objectives and requirements. In this paper a specific type of design disturbance, mistakes, is investigated. The impact of mistakes on the convergence time of a distributed multi-subsystem optimization problem is studied for several solution process architectures. A five subsystem case study is used to help understand the ability of certain architectures to handle the impact of the mistakes. These observations have led to the hypothesis that selecting distributed design architectures that minimize the number of iterations to propagate mistakes can significantly reduce their impact. It is also observed that design architectures that converge quickly tend to have these same error damping properties. Considering these observations when selecting distributed design architectures can passively reduce the impact of mistakes.
In what systems do alcohol/chemical addictions make sense ? Clinical ideologies and practices as cultural metaphors

Abstract Based on 17 years of clinical teaching, supervision and participant observation in United States settings, this paper inquires into the cultural plausibility of the disease-model of chemical addictions in the U.S. The model is linked to (a) the targeting of pariah groups for scorn and punishment, (b) the resurgence of social darwinism and its distinction between ‘fit’ and ‘discountable’ people, and (c) increased nationalism, militarism, and the spectre of nuclear war. In an era of neopuritanism, addicts serve as reservoirs of ‘badness’ for mainstream society that wages war against them in the idiom of treatment. An ethnographic model for bridging ‘critical’ and ‘clinical’ concerns is proposed.
A real-time publish/subscribe driver alert system for accident avoidance due to red light running (Poster)

This poster presents Intelligent Traffic Light (ITL), which is a cyber physical system that combines information technology (e.g., real-time publish/subscribe semantics) and communications technology (e.g., mobility and wireless) with the transportation infrastructure (e.g., vehicles, traffic lights and road-side units) to address the red light running incidents. ITL behaves as the publisher and vehicles subscribe to warning messages published for them. ITL estimates when a traffic light will change to red, and warns drivers of approaching vehicles about when and how much to slow down to avoid red light running. ITL can account for road conditions, which increases its usability in challenging weather conditions.
Identification of cross-linked cytochrome P-450 in rat liver microsomes by enzyme-immunoassay.

Abstract The topography of microsomal proteins was studied by 2-dimensional gelelectrophoresis. The second dimension was run in the presence of 2-mercaptoethanol, thus allowing detection of proteins previously cross-linked by disulfide bonds as off-diagonal spots. With hepatic microsomes from phenobarbital pretreated rats, several off-diagonal spots were seen. The most intense spot, with a molecular weight of 52,000, was derived from a dimer of this protein. It was identified as cytochrome P-450 (P-450) by a double antibody enzyme-immunoassay. The dimer is probably formed by oxidation of sulfhydryl groups of P-450 molecules during the preparation of microsomes. P-450 can also be cross-linked to form 105,000, 167,000, and 240,000 dal oligomers by treating microsomes with dithiobis(succinimidyl propionate) at 0°C. Cross-linking of P-450 to other proteins was also observed with one-dimensional gel-electrophoresis. The results suggest that the cross-linked proteins are close neighbors of P-450 in the membrane.
Molecular Orientation Distributions in Protein Films: III. Yeast Cytochrome c Immobilized on Pyridyl Disulfide-Capped Phospholipid Bilayers

Molecular orientation in a hydrated monolayer film of yeast cytochrome c, immobilized via disulfide bonding between Cys-102 and a pyridyl disulfide-capped phospholipid bilayer deposited from an air-water interface onto glass substrates, was investigated. The orientation distribution of the heme groups in the protein film was determined using a combination of absorption linear dichroism, measured in a planarintegrated optical waveguide-attenuated total reflection geometry- and fluorescence anisotropy, measured in a total internal reflection geometry. A gaussian model for the orientation distribution was used to recover the mean heme tilt angle and angular distribution about the mean, which were 40 and 11 degrees, respectively. Additional experiments showed that a large fraction of the cytochrome c was disulfide bonded to the bilayer, which correlates with the high degree of macroscopic order in the protein film. However, a subpopulation of yeast cytochrome c molecules in the film (approximately 30% of the total) appeared to be nonspecifically adsorbed. The orientation distribution of this subpopulation was found to be much broader than the specifically bound fraction.
Synthetische multivalente Liganden als Sonden fÜr die Signaltransduktion

Zelloberflachenrezeptoren nehmen Informationen aus der extrazellularen Umgebung auf und stimmen die intrazellularen Reaktionen darauf ab. Viele dieser Rezeptoren agieren nicht einzeln, sondern als Teil von dimeren oder oligomeren Komplexen. Die funktionelle Kopplung mehrerer Rezeptoren verleiht den Signaltransduktionswegen moglicherweise die Empfindlichkeit, die fur die Regulation zellularer Reaktionen erforderlich ist. Auserdem konnen Multirezeptor-Signalkomplexe ansonsten uberlappende Signalkaskaden raumlich trennen. Die Mechanismen, das Ausmas und die Konsequenzen der Colokalisation und die Kommunikation zwischen den Rezeptoren sind noch unklar, doch synthetische Verbindungen konnen dabei helfen, die Rolle der Rezeptorassoziationen bei der Signaltransduktion zu ermitteln. Solche multivalenten Liganden konnen Bindestellen verschiedener Grose, Form, Valenz, Orientierung und raumlicher Anordnung enthalten. Der Schwerpunkt dieses Aufsatzes liegt auf dem Einsatz synthetischer multivalenter Liganden, um die Rezeptorfunktion zu charakterisieren.
SU-E-T-280: Optimal Angle for a Dual-Field Stanford Technique for TSET

Purpose: This study examines the optimal angle for a dual‐field Stanford technique for TSET at extended SSD (SSD= 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 m) to predict a readily available optimal angle for any SSD. Methods: The optimal angle at various SSDs is found using detector array. The diode array consists of 9 diodes placed on a vertical board with a measured vertical scale with the origin placed at isocenter. The lateral distance ranges from −100 to +75 cm. A square 36×36 cm2 field is used to deliver dose in HDTSe‐ delivery mode with a dose rate 2500 MU/min from a Varian Clinic 2300IX linac. Several pairs of gantry angles for the dual field are used, with the first gantry being 70°–78° and the second being 110° –102°. These Result in a dual field of 90° ± θ (θ = 10° − 20°) to build a suitable flatness profile on the vertical axis for treatment. The best group is chosen to determine the optimal angle for each SSD considered. From these optimal angles, an algorithm is determined for any extended SSD treatment. Results:It is found that the optimal angle for TSET does change as one varies the SSD. These angle groups are specific for each SSD giving definite markers for the algorithm. At an SSD of 5 m it has been shown that an optimal angle of θ = 106° produces the best flatness on the vertical axis. While at SSD of 4 m, 9 = 18° Conclusions: An algorithm can now be applied for any treatment center considering a dual‐ field Stanford technique for TSET simplifying the physics commissioning process for the center in consideration.
Absence of yield points in iron on strain reversal after aging, and the Bauschinger overshoot ☆

Abstract The yield phenomenon is absent in low carbon steel if the direction of straining after full aging is opposite to that just before aging. That this is not the consequence of macroscopic residual stresses is demonstrated by torsion experiments with thin-walled tubular specimens provided with a shallow circumferential groove, in which yield takes place by widening of a single circumferential Luders band with the elimination of significant internal stresses. If the straining is interrupted after partial yielding of the annealed specimen and then stress is re-applied immediately without aging, the consequences are opposite. Yielding continues at the normal level if the direction of straining is not changed; if it is reversed, there is a normal Bauschinger effect in the previously yielded volume, but the Bauschinger stress–strain curve rises without discontinuity considerably above the former yield level. When the Luders band begins to widen, the stress drops abruptly from the overshooting Bauschinger curve to the normal yield level and remains constant until the end of the yield. Repeated strain aging with straining in the same direction gives yield points rising with the total strain roughly as the strain hardening rises with the strain along the uninterrupted stress–strain curve. After each yielding the rate of strain hardening is roughly the same as it is in uninterrupted straining at the same strain, but the curve is displaced to higher stress levels which rise with the number of aging treatments. The “permanent strain-age-hardening” may reach 30% or more of the normal yield stress at the same strain.
A computer simulation study of the hydrated proton in a synthetic proton channel.

Classical molecular dynamics simulations using the multistate empirical valence bond model for aqueous proton transport were performed to characterize the hydration structure of an excess proton inside a leucine-serine synthetic ion channel, LS2. For such a nonuniform pore size ion channel, it is found that the Zundel ion (H5O2+) solvation structure is generally more stable in narrow channel regions than in wider channel regions, which is in agreement with a recent study on idealized hydrophobic proton channels. However, considerable diversity in the relative stability of the Zundel to Eigen cation (H9O4+) was observed. Three of the five wide channel regions, one located at the channel's center and the other two located near the channel mouths, are found to show extraordinary preference for the Eigen solvation structure. This implies that proton hopping is inhibited in these regions and therefore suggests that these regions may behave as barriers in the proton conducting pathway inside the channel. The proton solvation is also greatly influenced by the local molecular environment of the protein. In particular, the polar side chains of the Ser residues, which are intimately involved in the solvation structure, can greatly influence proton solvation. However, no preference of the influence by the various Ser side chains was found; they can either promote or prevent the formation of certain solvation structures.
Calcium influx into human neuroblastoma cells induces ALZ-50 immunoreactivity: involvement of calpain-mediated hydrolysis of protein kinase C.

Calcium influx into SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells after ionophore treatment or transient permeabilization in calcium-containing medium increased ALZ-50 immunoreactivity markedly. This increase was prevented by inhibitors active against calpain or against protein kinase C (PKC), suggesting that both of these enzymes were required to mediate the effect of calcium influx on ALZ-50 immunoreactivity. Treatment with PKC activator TPA increased ALZ-50 immunoreactivity in the absence of calcium influx or after intracellular delivery of the specific calpain inhibitor calpastatin, indicating that the influence of PKC was downstream from that of calpain. Calcium influx also resulted in mu-calpain autolysis (one index of calpain activation) and the transient appearance of PKM (i.e., free PKC catalytic subunits, generated by calpain-mediated cleavage of the regulatory and catalytic PKC domains). Inhibition of calpain within intact cells resulted in a dramatic increase in steady-state levels of total tau (migrating at 46-52 kDa) but resulted in a relatively minor increase in 68-kDa ALZ-50-immunoreactive tau isoforms. Although calcium influx into intact cells resulted in accumulation of ALZ-50 immunoreactivity, total tau levels were, by contrast, rapidly depleted. Incubation of isolated fractions with calpain in the presence of calcium indicated that ALZ-50-immunoreactive tau isoforms were more resistant to calpain-mediated proteolysis than were non-ALZ-50 reactive tau isoforms. These data therefore indicate that calpain may regulate tau levels directly via proteolysis and indirectly through PKC activation. A consequence of the latter action is altered tau phosphorylation, perhaps involving one or more kinase cascades, and the preferential accumulation of ALZ-50-immunoreactive tau isoforms due to their relative resistance to degradation. These findings provide a basis for the possibility that disregulation of calcium homeostasis may contribute to the pathological levels of conversion of tau to A68 by hyperactivation of the calpain/PKC system.