cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cracking Control on the Top of Reinforced Concrete Frame Beams in Fine Chemical Production Buildings

Fine chemical production buildings generally belong to environment classification B or C.Traditional design,in which the maximum crack width on the top or at the bottom of a beam is required not bigger than 0.2 mm,may increase reinforcement of 60% than strength calculation result and cause the ratio of reinforcement on the top of beam become very big,furthermore overreinforced,conflicting with seismic concept design of buildings.At the same time,crude materials,semi-finished products,and termination products in fine chemical production building are normally corrosive,to meet the requirements in the code for anticorrosion design of industrial constructions,floor in architecture discipline is designed with a anticorrosive coating and a 50 mm reinforcing-bars fine aggregate concrete layer.So optimum design is recommended: maximum crack width on the top of a beam is controlled not more than 0.3 mm according to environment classification A;maximum crack width at the bottom of a beam is controlled not more than 0.2 mm according to environment classification B or C.As a result of optimum design,actual reinforcement may increase 10%~20%.Comparing to the former 60%,the results through optimum design is fair and reasonable.
Genocidal Rape, Enforced Impregnation, and the Discourse of Serbian National Identity

In her article "Genocidal Rape, Enforced Impregnation, and the Discourse of Serbian National Identity" Tatjana Takseva analyzes two main processes which contributed to the systematic rape and enforced impregnation of Bosniak women during the Balkan conflict: the discourse of Serbian nationalism articulated in response to the sexual violence that took place in Kosovo preceding the war and the simultaneous diminishing and downgrading of women's political and social autonomy on all territories of the former Yugoslavia. Based on statements in narratives of Bosniak women rape survivors, Takseva argues that these ideologically motivated processes combined to revive, inflame, and militarize long-standing Serbian stereotypes about Muslims and the supposed threat they represent. Tatjana Takseva, "Genocidal Rape, Enforced Impregnation, and the Discourse of Serbian National Identity" page 2 of 8 CLCWeb: Comparative Literature and Culture 17.3 (2015): Thematic Issue Life Writing and the Trauma of War. Ed. Louise O. Vasvari and I-Chun Wang
The law of the gas saturated first desaturates last-first enter last out law

【Objective】To discover the law of gas getting into or out of the body when the change of circulation atmosphere gas pressure.【Method】To compare the real efficiency figures of oxygen partial pressure(PO2T) and the real efficiency figures of nitrogen partial pressure(PN2T) in vivo based on two methods that procedure Ⅰ is that the patients are asked to inspire air during compression stage and procedure Ⅱ is that the patients are asked to inspire oxygen during the compression stage,of five kinds tissues,on different steady pressure and different time of com-pression.【Results】The PO2T of procedure Ⅱ is notable larger than that of procedure Ⅰ and the PN2T of procedure Ⅱ is notable less than that of procedure Ⅰ.The size of region of variation of PO2T and PN2T from both procedures is direct proportion with the speeds of gas saturating of tissue.The PO2T and PN2T of all groups were rised with the steady pressure rising,lengthen the time of compression rised the PN2T of procedure Ⅰ of all groups,the PO2T were not increased,on the contrary,that were reduced a little.【Conclusions】The law of gas going into or out of body is that the gas saturated first de-saturates last(first into last out),the law of'first into last out'is to rise the time effi-ciency of gas saturated first of hyperbaric effect and the law of'advance quick behind slow' is to rise the pressure ef-ficiency of gas saturated in advance of hyperbaric effect.These two laws of gas gets into and out of body is the ratio-nale of that Hyperbaric oxygenation pretreatment induces tolerance to anoxia and the reason of the procedure Ⅱ be-ing selected,but it is to speak of that the time of compression can not too long.
Keyword Extraction Method Based on Density Clustering for Chinese News Web Pages

Key words play a key role in text clustering,text classification,automatic text summarization,and information retrieval.However,keywords available for most web pages.Manual assignment of keywords is expensive and time-consuming and most existing automatic keyword extraction approaches require training sets with human-labeled keywords.Keywords can be considered as a set of words which are important and subject correlated cohesively in a document.Therefore,an automatic keyword extraction method based on density clustering is proposed in this paper.Web pages are segmented,and the words are clustered based on their co-occurrence.Co-occurrence relations between words are analyzed,and keywords that capture the main topics of the document are extracted.Experiments from Chinese news pages demonstrate that the recall rate can be improved by 7.15 percent and the precision rate by 7.075 percent compared with the TF/IDF(term frequency/inverted document frequency) method.
Some considerations in the measurement of change

Caution must be used in subtracting a pre-test score from a post-test score and calling the result, “change,” for measurement errors may be compounded. Here, basic guidelines for designing and analyzing studies to measure change are re-examined.
Sacrificial crystal templating of hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels

Natural tissues have intricate structures organized in a hierarchical fashion over multiple length scales (A to cm). These tissues commonly incorporate pores as a key feature that may regulate cell behavior. To enable the development of tissues scaffolds with biomimetic pore structures, it is important to investigate methods to impart pores to biomaterials, such as the use of novel sacrificial porogens. Here we report the use of sacrificial crystals to impart pores to biopolymer hydrogels (based on a methacrylated hyaluronic acid derivative) with macroscopic crystal templated pores embedded within them. The pore structure was investigated using microscopy (cryoSEM and confocal), and the specific sacrificial porogen used was found not only to impact the pore structure, but also swelling and mechanical properties. Such templated hydrogels have prospects for application as instructive tissue scaffolds (where the pore structure controls cell alignment, migration, etc.).
Non-Meckel's Small Bowel Diverticular Bleeding: Two Case Reports and a Review of the Literature

ABSTRACTGastrointestinal bleeding from non-Meckel's small bowel diverticulosis is uncommon. Depending on the diverticulum's location, a patient's presentation can suggest either an upper or lower gastrointestinal source. We present two cases of bleeding from non-Meckel's small bowel diverticula. One
Variation in Plant Defense Suppresses Herbivore Performance

Defensive variability of crops and natural systems can alter herbivore communities and reduce herbivory [1, 2]. However, it is still unknown how defense variability translates into herbivore suppression. Nonlinear averaging and constraints in physiological tracking (also more generally called time-dependent effects) are the two mechanisms by which defense variability might impact herbivores [3, 4]. We conducted a set of experiments manipulating the mean and variability of a plant defense, showing that defense variability does suppress herbivore performance and that it does so through physiological tracking effects that cannot be explained by nonlinear averaging. While nonlinear averaging predicted higher or the same herbivore performance on a variable defense than on an invariable defense, we show that variability actually decreased herbivore performance and population growth rate. Defense variability reduces herbivore performance in a way that is more than the average of its parts. This is consistent with constraints in physiological matching of detoxification systems for herbivores experiencing variable toxin levels in their diet and represents a more generalizable way of understanding the impacts of variability on herbivory [5]. Increasing defense variability in croplands at a scale encountered by individual herbivores can suppress herbivory, even if that is not anticipated by nonlinear averaging.
Measurement and Conceptual Approaches to Religious Violence: The Use of Natural Language Processing to Generate Religious Violence Event-Data

How do we measure religious violence? This study is focused on utilizing new methodological approaches and data sources to measure religiously motivated violence. Previous attempts to measure religious violence concentrated on coding U.S. State Department International Religious Freedom reports or utilizing existing datasets on armed conflict/civil wars. These previous attempts provided state-level data of the levels of religiously motivated violence, but due to data limitations cannot provide more fine-grained measures of specific acts of violence tied to religious motivation. In particular, accounting for varying levels of intensity especially in regards to non-lethal acts of religiously motivated violence is missing. This study builds upon previous attempts focusing on the creation of more fine-grained measures and accounting for its variation at the sub-national level utilizing natural language processing. The data generated are used to examine incidences of reported religious violence in India from 2000 to 2015.
LABOR AND INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS Workers' Compensation: Owner-Operators of Vehicles Leased to Carriers Become Independent Contractors for Workers' Compensation Purposes

The Act provides that an owner-operator, which is an equipment lessor who leases her vehicular equipment with driver to a carrier, is deemed an independent contractor for purposes of workers' compensation.
Experimental Investigation of On-Ground Flightworthiness Determination for Modular Vertical Lift Vehicles

Cooperative transportation of payloads by multiple unmanned air vehicles has received increasing interest due to unique operational advantages. These include the portability of the individual vehic...
Navigating the ‘space between’ the Black/White binary: a call for Jewish multicultural inclusion

In the twenty-first century, diversity and multicultural analysis of race often falls along a Black/White binary paradigm. Therefore, those who are perceived to be White are often left out of the d...
Time-resolved laser-induced desorption spectroscopy (LIDS) for quantified in-situ hydrogen isotope retention measurement and removal from plasma facing materials.

A laboratory scale laser induced thermal desorption spectroscopy system is developed and tested on tungsten-deuterium and titanium-deuterium codeposits, and its feasibility as a hydrogenic inventory measurement diagnostic is demonstrated over a range of retention values from 5 × 1019 m−2 to 7 × 1023 m−2 for absorbed laser power densities as low as 8 MW m−2. Codeposit layer samples are grown by magnetron sputtering and immersed in a weak argon rf plasma. A 1 kW fiber laser (λ = 1100 nm) heats the samples up to a peak surface temperature ranging from 900 to 1500 K using pulse widths of 0.5 and 1 s. Spectral line emission from Balmer series Dα and Hα from thermally desorbed deuterium and hydrogen, as well as line emission from argon, are monitored as a function of time using an optical spectrometer with maximum temporal resolution of 1 ms. To correct for wall recycling and pumping speed, and to accurately measure the time evolution of the laser-induced thermal desorption, the raw Dα signal is deconvolved with the system response function, which is obtained by injecting a short burst of D2 to approximate an impulse. Calibration is done with a standard D2 leak, and laser induced desorption spectroscopy deuterium retention values are found to be in good agreement with companion measurements made using conventional temperature programmed desorption on samples from the same codeposit batch.
Relationship Between Fundamental Motor Skill Competence, Perceived Physical Competence and Free-Play Physical Activity in Children

ABSTRACTPurpose: This study examined the extent to which fundamental motor skill competence (FMSC; locomotor and object control skill competence) and perceived physical competence (PPC) predicted p...
Observational Signatures of Sub-Relativistic Meteors

It is currently unknown whether solid particles larger than dust from supernova ejecta rain down on Earth at high speeds. We develop a hydrodynamic and radiative model to explore the detectability of $\gtrsim 1 \mathrm{\; mm}$ sub-relativistic meteors. We find that a large fraction of the meteor energy during its passage through the Earth's upper atmosphere powers the adiabatic expansion of a hot plasma cylinder, giving rise to acoustic shocks detectable by infrasound microphones. Additionally, a global network of several hundred all-sky optical cameras with a time resolution of $\lesssim 10^{-4} \mathrm{\;s}$ would be capable of detecting $\gtrsim 1 \mathrm{\; mm}$ sub-relativistic meteors.
Neutrophil expansion defines an immunoinhibitory peripheral and intratumoral inflammatory milieu in resected non-small cell lung cancer: a descriptive analysis of a prospectively immunoprofiled cohort

Background The biological underpinnings of the prognostic and predictive significance of a relative neutrophilia in patients with non-small lung cancer (NSCLC) are undefined. We sought to comprehensively examine the relationships between circulating and intratumoral neutrophil populations and features of the immune contexture in patients undergoing NSCLC resection. Methods Preoperative soluble cytokine and angiogenic factors; tumor multiplex immunofluorescence; RNA, whole exome, and T-cell receptor sequencing; and flow cytometry were analyzed for relationships with populations of circulating (from complete blood counts) and intratumoral neutrophils (transcriptional signatures) in a prospectively enrolled resected NSCLC cohort (n=66). In a historical cohort (n=1524), preoperative circulating neutrophil and lymphocyte counts were analyzed for associations with overall survival (OS). Results Circulating neutrophil populations were positively correlated with increased tumor burden, and surgical tumor resection was followed by a subsequent reduction in peripheral neutrophil counts. Expansion of the circulating neutrophil compartment was associated with increased levels of pro-granulopoietic (IL-1β, IL-17A, TNFα, IL-6) and TH2-associated (IL-5, IL-13) cytokines. Tumors with high intratumoral neutrophil burden were marked by a blunted T-cell response characterized by reduced expression of cytotoxic T-cell genes (CD8A, CD8B, GZMA, GZMB), decreased CD3+CD8+ cell infiltration, and diminished expression of IFNγ-related genes. The associations between increased intratumoral neutrophil burden and reduced CD3+CD8+ infiltration persisted after adjustment for tumor size, histology, mutational burden, and PD-L1 expression. In 1524 patients, elevated preoperative circulating neutrophil count was independently associated with worse OS (main effect HR 1.82, 95% CI 1.24 to 2.68, p=0.002). Conclusions Our findings demonstrate that neutrophil expansion reflects protumorigenic and immunosuppressive processes that manifest as worse OS in patients undergoing NSCLC resection. These results justify further investigation of therapeutic strategies targeting neutrophil-associated immune evasion.
Exons as units of phenotypic impact for truncating mutations in autism.

Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are a group of related neurodevelopmental diseases displaying significant genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity. Despite recent progress in understanding ASD genetics, the nature of phenotypic heterogeneity across probands remains unclear. Notably, likely gene-disrupting (LGD) de novo mutations affecting the same gene often result in substantially different ASD phenotypes. Nevertheless, we find that truncating mutations affecting the same exon frequently lead to strikingly similar intellectual phenotypes in unrelated ASD probands. Analogous patterns are observed for two independent proband cohorts and several other important ASD-associated phenotypes. We find that exons biased toward prenatal and postnatal expression preferentially contribute to ASD cases with lower and higher IQ phenotypes, respectively. These results suggest that exons, rather than genes, often represent a unit of effective phenotypic impact for truncating mutations in autism. The observed phenotypic patterns are likely mediated by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) of splicing isoforms, with autism phenotypes usually triggered by relatively mild (15–30%) decreases in overall gene dosage. We find that each ASD gene with recurrent mutations can be characterized by a parameter, phenotype dosage sensitivity (PDS), which quantifies the relationship between changes in a gene’s dosage and changes in a given disease phenotype. We further demonstrate analogous relationships between exon LGDs and gene expression changes in multiple human tissues. Therefore, similar phenotypic patterns may be also observed in other human genetic disorders.
Dispositional optimism mediates relations between childhood maltreatment and PTSD symptom severity among trauma-exposed adults.

Abstract Background Experiences of maltreatment in childhood, such as abuse and neglect, have been associated with poorer psychological well-being in adulthood, including elevated risk of revictimization and increased likelihood of developing posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. Maltreatment has also been associated with reduced resources related to resilience, such as optimism, which may act as a protective factor for mental health. Objectives In this study, we examined the mediating role of dispositional optimism in the relationship between childhood maltreatment and PTSD symptom severity from recent trauma in a sample of adults (n = 108) who presented to their local emergency department following trauma. Methods We analyzed six models to account for cumulative childhood maltreatment as well as five primary subtypes of maltreatment: emotional abuse, physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional neglect, and physical neglect. Results Greater dispositional optimism mediated relations between total maltreatment and decreased PTSD severity (Bab = .056, SE = .029, 95 % CI [.009, .121]). Optimism also mediated relations between all maltreatment subtypes and PTSD severity, except sexual abuse. Conclusions These results may suggest optimism and positive psychology interventions as effective techniques in reducing the likelihood of PTSD development and severity in trauma-exposed individuals.
Single-dose intramuscular methotrexate for treatment of cervical ectopic pregnancy: A case report.

Abstract Introduction Cervical ectopic pregnancy (CEP) is a rare but potentially life-threatening phenomenon, and conclusive management guidelines have not been elucidated. Patients undergoing assisted reproductive technologies (ART) are at increased risk of CEP and noninvasive, fertility-sparing treatments are necessary for this population. This case report demonstrates the safety and efficacy of a single dose of intramuscular methotrexate for CEP in early gestation. Case Description A 45-year-old patient (G3P0030) presenting with painless vaginal bleeding was found to have CEP on transvaginal ultrasound at 5 weeks and 1 day of gestation after undergoing day-5 frozen embryo transfer. She was given one 50 mg/m2 dose of intramuscular methotrexate and she remained in a stable condition while being observed in the hospital. Her beta-hCG level decreased 38.2% between day 4 and day 7 after treatment and returned to nonpregnancy levels by day 28. Discussion A single dose of intramuscular methotrexate is an effective, noninvasive, fertility-sparing method of treatment for CEP in patients who are early in gestation and hemodynamically stable. This is a recommended option, especially for those undergoing fertility treatment. Further studies need to be performed to formulate national guidelines regarding the treatment of CEP.
Incidence of Lung Cancer Among Never-Smoking Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander Females.

Background Although lung cancer incidence rates according to smoking status, sex, and detailed race/ethnicity have not been available, it is estimated that over half of Asian American, Native Hawaiian, and Pacific Islander (AANHPI) females with lung cancer have never smoked. Methods We calculated age-adjusted incidence rates for lung cancer according to smoking status and detailed race/ethnicity among females, focusing on AANHPI ethnic groups, and assessed relative incidence across racial/ethnic groups. We used a large-scale dataset that integrates data from electronic health records from two large healthcare systems-Sutter Health in Northern California and Kaiser Permanente Hawai'i-linked to state cancer registries for incident lung cancer diagnoses between 2000-2013. The study population included 1,222,694 females (n = 244,147 AANHPI), 3,297 of which were diagnosed with lung cancer (n = 535 AANHPI). Results Incidence of lung cancer among never-smoking AANHPI as an aggregate group was 17.1 per 100,000 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 14.9, 19.4), but varied widely across ethnic groups. Never-smoking Chinese American females had the highest rate (22.8 per 100,000, 95% CI = 17.3, 29.1). Except for Japanese American females, incidence among every never-smoking AANHPI female ethnic group was higher than that of never-smoking non-Hispanic White females, from 66% greater among Native Hawaiian females (incidence rate ratio = 1.66; 95% CI = 1.03, 2.56) to over 100% greater among Chinese American females (incidence rate ratio = 2.26; 95% CI = 1.67-3.02). Conclusions Our study revealed high rates of lung cancer among most never-smoking AANHPI female ethnic groups. Our approach illustrates the use of innovative data integration to dispel the myth that AANHPI females are at overall reduced risk of lung cancer and demonstrates the need to disaggregate this highly diverse population.
Halpern-Type Accelerated and Splitting Algorithms For Monotone Inclusions.

In this paper, we develop a new type of accelerated algorithms to solve some classes of maximally monotone equations as well as monotone inclusions. Instead of using Nesterov's accelerating approach, our methods rely on a so-called Halpern-type fixed-point iteration in [32], and recently exploited by a number of researchers, including [24, 70]. Firstly, we derive a new variant of the anchored extra-gradient scheme in [70] based on Popov's past extra-gradient method to solve a maximally monotone equation $G(x) = 0$. We show that our method achieves the same $\mathcal{O}(1/k)$ convergence rate (up to a constant factor) as in the anchored extra-gradient algorithm on the operator norm $\Vert G(x_k)\Vert$, , but requires only one evaluation of $G$ at each iteration, where $k$ is the iteration counter. Next, we develop two splitting algorithms to approximate a zero point of the sum of two maximally monotone operators. The first algorithm originates from the anchored extra-gradient method combining with a splitting technique, while the second one is its Popov's variant which can reduce the per-iteration complexity. Both algorithms appear to be new and can be viewed as accelerated variants of the Douglas-Rachford (DR) splitting method. They both achieve $\mathcal{O}(1/k)$ rates on the norm $\Vert G_{\gamma}(x_k)\Vert$ of the forward-backward residual operator $G_{\gamma}(\cdot)$ associated with the problem. We also propose a new accelerated Douglas-Rachford splitting scheme for solving this problem which achieves $\mathcal{O}(1/k)$ convergence rate on $\Vert G_{\gamma}(x_k)\Vert$ under only maximally monotone assumptions. Finally, we specify our first algorithm to solve convex-concave minimax problems and apply our accelerated DR scheme to derive a new variant of the alternating direction method of multipliers (ADMM).
Imported Intermediate Inputs and Workforce Composition: Evidence from India's Tariff Liberalization

This paper extends the literature on trade liberalization and labour by investigating the relationship between imports of intermediate inputs and plant-level workforce composition during India’s tariff liberalization. Using detailed plant-level data from the Indian manufacturing sector, I first show that the increase in imports of intermediate inputs in response to input tariff liberalization has strong displacement effects on production workers employed by importing plants. Next, I decompose the impact of intermediate inputs on labour into “quality”, “variety”, and “scale” effects, based on the availability and prices of domestically-produced inputs. I find that the displacement of production workers is driven by lower-priced imported intermediate inputs, the “scale” effect. Finally, I examine the differential effect of tariff liberalization based on whether plants experience import competition or not. This analysis reveals that domestic plants facing import competition experience a displacement of both skilled and unskilled workers in response to tariff liberalization. Plants that switch from in-house production to importing some intermediate inputs however only displace production workers while retaining skilled workers. This suggests that skilled workers are indispensable to plants switching to importing as a productivity enhancing strategy.
Political Parties, Growth and Equality: Conservative and Social Democratic Economic Strategies in the World Economy

Given the increased openness of countries to international trade and financial flows, the general public and the scholarly literature have grown skeptical about the capacity of policy-makers to affect economic performance. Challenging this view, Political Parties, Growth, and Equality shows that the increasingly interdependent world economy and recent technological shocks have actually exacerbated the dilemmas faced by governments in choosing among various policy objectives, such as generating jobs and reducing income inequality, thereby granting political parties and electoral politics a fundamental and growing role in the economy. To make growth and equality compatible, social democrats employ the public sector to raise the productivity of capital and labor. By contrast, conservatives rely on the private provision of investment. Based on analysis of the economic policies of all OECD countries since the 1960s and in-depth examination of Britain and Spain in the 1980s, this book offers a new understanding of how contemporary democracies work.
Malpractice Actions Against Experts

This article addresses the expert witness malpractice cause of action, the elements of such a claim, and other solutions offered to curb experts' negligence, followed by a discussion of witness immunity in US courts. Keywords: expert witness; malpractice; immunity; testimony; standard of care; damages
Using web services and scientific workflow for species distribution prediction modeling

Species distribution prediction modeling plays a key role in biodiversity research. We propose to publish both species distribution data and modeling components as Web services and composite them into modeling systems using the scientific workflow approach. We build a prototype system using Kepler scientific workflow system and demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach. This study is the first step towards building a virtual e-science laboratory for ecologists to perform distributed and cooperative research on species distribution predictions.
Context-aware publish subscribe in mobile ad hoc networks

The publish-subscribe communication paradigm is enjoying increasing popularity thanks to its ability to simplify the development of complex distributed applications. However, existing solutions in the publish-subscribe domain address only part of the challenges associated with the development of applications in dynamic scenarios such as mobile ad hoc networks. Mobile applications must be able to assist users in a variety of situations, responding not only to their inputs but also to the characteristics of the environment in which they operate. In this paper, we address these challenges by extending the publish-subscribe paradigm with the ability to manage and exploit context information when matching events against subscriptions. We present our extension in terms of a formal model of context-aware publish-subscribe. We propose a solution for its implementation in MANETs; and finally we validate our approach by means of extensive simulations.
Supreme Court Without a Clue: 14 Penn Plaza L.L.C.V. Pyett and the System of Collective Action and Collective Bargaining Established by the National Labor Relations Act

The U.S. Supreme Court and various National Labor Relations Boards have been engaged for more than two decades in statutory interpretations of the National Labor Relations Act (as amended, L.M.R.A.) that substantially undermine and narrow those statutes. Recent decisions of the Supreme Court have crossed the line to judicial re-legislation of those statutes. The most brazen judicial legislation occurred in the recent case of 14 Penn Plaza L.L.C. v. Pyett. The Supreme Court in enforcing an express contractual duty to arbitrate union members federal statutory individual rights has seemingly remade the collective bargaining system in the United States, by first, equating collective bargaining arbitration with individual employment contract dispute arbitration, and anti-trust arbitration, thus transforming, the role of collective bargaining arbitration in ways which ignore bedrock case precedent. By second, destroying the doctrine of mandatory versus permissive subjects of the duty to bargain in good faith. By third, turning the purpose of collective bargaining away from protecting collective action by workers to achieving the aggregated individual interests of a bare majority of a union’s membership, contrary to the plain language of the statute. This agenda of individualizing the interpretation and enforcement of the collective bargaining agreement and system ignores stare decisis and longstanding consensus on the purposes of federal labor statutes to the detriment of both employers and employees. The article extends remarks first offered on Pyett at the Labor Coordinating Committee annual meeting of the AFL-CIO, May, 2009.
Prevalence of Vaginitis in Children and Adolescents of Les Cayes, Haiti

Data on the prevalence of vaginitis in children from the third largest city in Haiti indicate that nurses and other health care professionals, especially those providing care in Haiti, need to accurately diagnose, prevent, and treat vaginitis in children.Â Vaginitis can have serious complications yet there are no national data regarding the prevalence of vaginitis in Haitian children and probably not in other countries with similar problems. Â This paper provides data from Les Cayes, Haiti. Â Signs, symptoms, risk factors, methods for diagnoses, and possible complications of vaginitis are reviewed.Â Recommendations for prevention and treatment are provided. To successfully prevent and treat vaginitis, a holistic call to action includes the involvement of nurses and other health care professionals, the media, and government officials that encompasses education, appropriate medications, maintenance of follow up appointments, and continuity of treatment. Â
Einstein observatory X-ray spectra of BL Lac objects

In this paper, we summarize the spectral X-ray data obtained with the Imaging Proportional Counter flown on the Einstein Observatory and interpret that data in the context of the overall electromagnetic distribution. The X-ray spectra in the IPC (0.2 – 4.0 keV) range are generally well represented by a model incorporating an intrinsic power law with a mean value of the power law index of 1.1, absorbed at low energies by gas in our Galaxy. For sufficiently bright objects, we have simultaneous Monitoring Proportional Counter data available, covering the range of 1.2 to 10 keV. The comparison of contemporaneous data from both instruments suggests a gradual steepening of the X-ray spectrum in the 1 – 3 keV range, by Δα of about 0.5. The absorption in the line of sight derived from the X-ray data is in close agreement with the galactic value measured using 21 cm radio techniques (Elvis, Lockman, and Wilkes 1988), which is in contrast to the result for quasars by Wilkes and Elvis (1987), where a soft excess is observed. We interpret the X-ray data in a context of the overall electromagnetic spectrum using a two-component synchrotron model (cf. Madejski and Schwartz 1988). We find that while in some cases the radio data imply a violation of the Compton limit, no such violation occurs for the optical region. We thus infer that while the radio emission is likely to be beamed (e. g. forming a jet-like structure), the infrared optical-UV-X-ray radiation can well be emitted isotropically. We briefly discuss the implication of this finding on the so-called “parent population” of BL Lac objects.
Rats abstract rules from a response series lacking a consistent motor pattern

Abstract Two experiments examined whether rats could learn a rule-based response sequence when prevented from performing a consistent motor pattern. In a serial multiple-choice procedure, rats chose from an 8-lever array mounted on the walls of an octagonal operant chamber. In Experiment 1, rats learned to choose levers in proper order according to one of two patterns, a structured pattern, 1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8, or an unstructured pattern, 1-7-3-5-6-4-2-8, where digits indicate the clockwise position of correct levers in the circular array. These patterns were interleaved with random elements consisting of levers drawn from the set of all 8 possible positions in the array. Rats in the structured group learned their pattern, indicating that they were not limited to learning response sequences based on a consistent motor pattern. Furthermore, rats learned the structured pattern much faster than the unstructured pattern, indicating that pattern structure facilitated learning. To test the notion that the random elements of Experiment 1 may have slowed learning by creating structural ambiguity caused by irrelevant structural relations, in Experiment 2 irrelevant relations were minimized by ensuring that the correct pattern- and random-element responses were spatially distant from one another. Rats again learned the structured pattern faster than the unstructured pattern and, additionally, faster than the structured pattern in Experiment 1. The results of both experiments indicate that even when prevented from performing a consistent motor pattern and irrelevant relationships are present between pattern elements, rats abstract and encode rules describing structured sequential patterns.
How and Why We Could Do Immigration Well, But Do It Badly:

clusions, a position not articulated in the book. Similarly, while a conservative Protes tant defense of restriction is presented, there is no corresponding, religiously grounded defense of liberalization. Those who already hold positions within the immigration debate will likely remain unswayed. Taking a step back, what do these two books teach us about the politics of immi gration and social scientists' ability to influ ence them? It is clear, from Swain's volume, that although economic considerations are important, the politics of race, social cohe sion, and culture cannot be ignored. As Ed wards puts it, "the greatest harm done by the kind of large-scale immigration we have to day . . . may not be something that can be expressed in dollars and cents. The greatest harm . . . may be our inability to preserve a sense of common culture and community in a rapidly changing world" (p. 60). It is un clear how Myers's intergenerational social contract, for all its rational self-interest and evidence, can alleviate this sense of threat. This is not to suggest that Immigrants and Boomers is not an important intervention. Many immigration scholars hope that their re search will influence public debate, but most of us must settle for, at best, having our work read by a handful of students and colleagues. Myers deserves credit for attempting to sway voters with evidence and logic, and others should follow his lead. Sociologists should have a more important role to play. A great deal of the academic work on immigration over the last thirty years has been carried out by sociologists, but most contributors in De bating Immigration are non-sociologists, as is Myers, a professor of urban planning and demography. Some of the contributors in Carol Swain's volume would likely retort that academics' perspectives are so far removed from the mainstream that they should just return to the ivory tower from whence they came. The re al challenge for social scientists interested in affecting politics may well lie in hearing and answering, in a persuasive fashion, the non economic fears unleashed by immigration.
Improved conditions for bounded tardiness under EPDF Pfair multiprocessor scheduling

The earliest-pseudo-deadline-first (EPDF) Pfair algorithm is more efficient than other known Pfair scheduling algorithms, but is not optimal for scheduling recurrent real-time task systems on more than two identical processors. Although not optimal, EPDF may be preferable for real-time systems instantiated on less-powerful platforms, those with soft timing constraints, or those whose task composition can change at run-time. In prior work, Srinivasan and Anderson established a sufficient per-task utilization restriction for ensuring a tardiness of at most q quanta, where q>=1, under EPDF. They also conjectured that under this algorithm, a tardiness bound of one quantum applies to task systems that are not subject to any restriction other than the obvious restrictions, namely, that the total system utilization not exceed the available processing capacity and per-task utilizations not exceed 1.0. In this paper, we present counterexamples that show that their conjecture is false and present sufficient per-task utilization restrictions that are more liberal than theirs. For ensuring a tardiness bound of one quantum, our restriction presents an improvement of 50% over the previous one.
Fully coupled fluid-flow/geomechanics simulation of stress-sensitive reservoirs

In this study, a 3D finite-difference model for the simulation of stress-sensitive reservoirs has been developed.
Surface current measurements by spaceborne along-track inSAR - terraSAR-X, tanDEM-X, and future systems

Within 28 years since the first demonstration of ocean current measurements by along-track interferometric synthetic aperture radar (along-track InSAR) and almost eight years since the launch of TerraSAR-X, the first satellite with experimental along-track interferometry (ATI) capabilities, a number of interesting ATI experiments and theoretical studies have been carried out, and we have learned a lot about properties of ATI data, optimal processing techniques, and the dependence of the quality of ATI-derived current fields on instrument parameters such as InSAR time lag and incidence angle. This paper gives an overview of some ATI achievements of TerraSAR-X and the twosatellite formation TanDEM-X and discusses the potential capabilities of dedicated InSAR satellites for ocean applications that may be launched within the coming years.
Covalent bonding of thiophenes to Si(111) by a halogenation/thienylation route

Abstract Thienyl monolayers covalently bonded to a Si(111) surface were prepared by a wet chemical process in which a Si(111)–H surface was brominated to form Si(111)–Br and further reacted with lithiated thiophenes. Both N -bromosuccinimide and bromochloroform were found to be effective brominating reagents. The derivatized Si(111) surfaces were characterized by XPS, AES, ATR–FTIR and NEXAFS.
Party Reputations, Journalistic Expectations: How Issue Ownership Influences Election News

I argue that the issue-handling reputations that underlie the theory of “issue ownership” affect the favorability of news coverage toward U.S. presidential candidates. A large-scale content analysis of newspaper coverage from the 1992, 1996, and 2000 elections shows that candidates are covered more positively when the news focuses on issues their party “owns” than on “opposition” issues. Democrats benefit particularly from news about social welfare topics. Republicans, meanwhile, receive the most favorable coverage in defense and tax stories. The differences are modest, but consistent, across the 3 election years. The findings suggest that candidates have an additional incentive to focus on owned issues and that the news media play a role in perpetuating issue ownership.
Ribosomopathies: Mechanisms of Disease

Ribosomopathies are diseases caused by alterations in the structure or function of ribosomal components. Progress in our understanding of the role of the ribosome in translational and transcriptional regulation has clarified the mechanisms of the ribosomopathies and the relationship between ribosomal dysfunction and other diseases, especially cancer. This review aims to discuss these topics with updated information.
INCREASING RESPONSE DIVERSITY IN CHILDREN WITH AUTISM

Repetitive and invariant behavior is a diagnostic feature of autism. We implemented a lag reinforcement schedule to increase response diversity for 6 participants with autism aged 6 to 10 years, 4 of whom also received prompting plus additional training. These procedures appeared to increase the variety of building-block structures, demonstrating that an intervention that includes differential reinforcement can increase response diversity for children with an autism spectrum disorder.
Minimum failure explanations for path vector routing changes

Path vector protocols in routing networks convey entire path information to each destination. When links fail, affected paths are replaced by new paths, and by observing the entire path information, one might hope to infer the failed links that caused these changes. However, inferring the exact topological changes behind observed routing changes may not be possible due to limited information, and the same changes may be explained by more than one set of candidate failures. In this paper, using a simple path vector routing model, we present the problem of finding the candidate set with minimum number of failures to explain observed route changes. We call this problem the minimum e-set problem and present algorithms for solving it optimally for certain cases. We also show that the minimum e-set problem is NP-complete in the general case.
SkylineSearch: semantic ranking and result visualization for pubmed

Life sciences researchers perform scientific literature search as part of their daily activities. Many such searches are executed against PubMed, a central repository of life sciences articles, and often return hundreds, or even thousands, of results, pointing to the need for data exploration tools. In this demonstration we present SkylineSearch, a semantic ranking and result visualization system designed specifically for PubMed, and available to the scientific community at skyline.cs.columbia.edu. Our system leverages semantic annotations of articles with terms from the MeSH controlled vocabulary, and presents results as a two-dimensional skyline, plotting relevance against publication date. We demonstrate that SkylineSearch supports a richer data exploration experience than does the search functionality of PubMed, allowing users to find relevant references more easily. We also show that SkylineSearch executes queries and presents results in interactive time.
Pterygoid hamulus bursitis: One cause of craniofacial pain

Craniofacial pain disorders are frustrating to the doctor and the patient. Diagnosis is often difficult because the anatomy of the head and neck region is complex, grossly and neurologically. Frequently, several pain syndromes exhibit similar symptoms. One such disorder is bursitis of the pterygoid hamulus. This type of bursitis may produce symptoms of soft palatal, ear, and throat pain, maxillary pain, and difficulty and pain on swallowing. This disorder is often misdiagnosed as otitis media. Treatment may be conservative or surgical. This article discusses the anatomy, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment of bursitis of the hamular process.
Immediate and delayed retention, arousal, and the orienting and defensive reflexes

Contrary to implications of previous paired-associate learning studies and Walker’s theory, high arousal words showed superior immediate as well as delayed retention. GSRs were reliably greater for the high than the low arousal words. High arousal words also evoked reliably greater cephalic vasoconstriction, defensive reflexes, than low arousal words.
Perceived Organizational Fit: Nurturing the Minds, Hearts, and Personal Ambitions of University Faculty

This qualitative study examines how faculty define the key elements within the university work environment that promote their personal sense of organizational fit. Findings show that intellectual stimulation and social-emotional support derived from connections with institutional colleagues are important in establishing a sense of fit. Even more important for some is the institution's capacity to provide structural support that enables them to fulfill their professional ambitions.
Wallace L. W. Sargent (1935-2012)

By any measure, Professor Wallace L. W. Sargent (known to colleagues and friends as “Wal”) was one of the most influential and consistently productive astronomers of the last 50 years; he authored or coauthored more than 320 refereed journal articles, which have received more than 25,000 citations. He never rested on past laurels—65 of his papers (with >5000 citations) have appeared since the year 2000. Wal remained active as a teacher and researcher until just weeks before the end of his life (he officially retired from the Caltech faculty on 2012 October 1). His impact on the field of astrophysics was remarkably broad as well as seminal; among many other awards, he was elected in 1981 as a Fellow of the Royal Society (U.K.) and as a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 2005, his first year of eligibility after becoming a naturalized U.S. citizen.
Electrochemical profiles for monovalent ions in the stria vascularis: cellular model of ion transport mechanisms.

The electrochemical profiles for K+, Na+, and Cl- ions in tissues of the lateral wall of the cochlea in the chinchilla were measured using an ion-selective microelectrode. Based upon the changes of the d.c. resting potential and ion composition, five distinct compartments were identified in the lateral wall. The first compartment, corresponding to the spiral ligament, showed an ionic composition similar to perilymph. The second, corresponding to the basal cell layer of the stria vascularis, showed a characteristic recording of the ion-sensitive barrel: a spike-like change of the ion concentration (K+: 100.1 +/- 16.8 mM, Na+: 33.9 +/- 20.2 mM, Cl-: 70.2 +/- 9.4 mM). The third compartment, corresponding to the extracellular space of the stria vascularis, showed a higher d.c. potential (60.4 +/- 9.5 mV) than that of the second region, with a low K+ concentration (22.1 +/- 14.9 mM) and a high Na+ (78.3 +/- 5.7 mV) than the fifth compartment, corresponding to the scala media (78.1 +/- 4.1 mV), and K+ and Na+ concentrations similar to those of endolymph, while the Cl- concentration in the fourth compartment (117.6 +/- 21.5 mM) was lower than that of endolymph (143.3 +/- 13.9 mM). A thermodynamic study of electrochemical potential gradients suggests the possibility that the Na-K pump and Na-K-2Cl cotransport exist at the basolateral membrane of the marginal cells.
A clunker of a climate policy.

The article examines the impact of the U.S. federal car-upgrade program called Cash for Clunkers and its failure as an example of how not to address the reduction of carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Topics include a brief overview of the Cash for Clunkers program which paid individuals to replace their old vehicle with a improved, higher-mileage vehicle, statistics related to the expense of various carbon-reduction strategies, and why they should not be part of U.S. climate policy.