cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Surface Approximation to Point Cloud Data Using Volume Modeling

Given a collection of unorganised points in space, we present a new method of constructing a surface which approximates this point cloud. The surface is defined implicitly as the isosurface of a trivariate volume model. The volume model is piecewise linear and obtained as a least squares fit to data derived from the point cloud. The original point cloud input is assigned a zero value. Additional points are derived for the interior and exterior and assigned positive and negative values respectively.
Interaction between DNA and alpha/beta-type small, acid-soluble spore proteins: a new class of DNA-binding protein.

DNA in spores of Bacillus and Clostridium species is associated with small, acid-soluble proteins (SASP) of the alpha/beta type; the presence of these proteins is a major factor in causing spore resistance to UV light, alpha/beta-type SASP did not bind to single-stranded DNA, single- or double-stranded RNA, or DNA-RNA hybrids in vitro. However, these proteins bound a variety of double-stranded DNAs and conferred protection against DNase cleavage. The binding of alpha/beta-type SASP to DNA saturated at a protein/DNA ratio (wt/wt) of 4:1 to 5:1, which is approximately 1 SASP per 4 bp. alpha/beta-type SASP-DNA interaction did not require divalent cations, was independent of pH between 6 and 8, and, for some SASP-DNA pairs, was relatively insensitive to salt up to 0.3 M. The relative affinity of alpha/beta-type SASP for different DNAs was poly(dG).poly(dC) greater than poly(dG-dC).poly(dG-dC) greater than plasmid pUC19 greater than poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT), with poly(dA).poly(dT) giving no detectable binding. This order in alpha/beta-type SASP-DNA affinities parallels the facility with which the DNAs adopt an A-like conformation, the conformation in alpha/beta-type SASP-DNA complexes. An oligo(dG).oligo(dC) of 12 bp was bound by alpha/beta-type SASP. While a 26-bp oligo(dG).oligo(dC) bound more tightly than the 12-mer, there was no significant increase in affinity for alpha/beta-type SASP with further increase in size of oligo(dG).oligo(dC). In contrast, binding of alpha/beta-type SASP to oligo(dA-dT).oligo(dA-dT) was minimal up to at least a 70-mer, and binding to poly(dA-dT).poly(dA-dT) was very cooperative. In addition to blocking DNase digestion, binding of alpha/beta-type SASP to DNA blocked (i) cleavage of the DNA backbone by hydroxyl radicals and orthophenanthroline-Cu2+, (ii) DNA cleavage by restriction enzymes, in particular those with specificity for GC-rich sequences; and (iii) in vitro transcription of some but not all genes. However, methylation of dG residues by dimethyl sulfate was not affected by alpha/beta-type SASP binding.
Process simulation high performance bipolar and BiCMOS devices

SUPREM IV, an advanced 2-D process simulator based on the latest physical models for silicon process physics, is presented. It is designed to interface directly with 2-D device simulators like PISCES to produce accurate predictions of device structural and electrical characteristics. SUPREM IV, the point defect diffusion models on which it is based, and its application to high-performance bipolar and BiCMOS process and device design are described. In particular, SUPREM IV simulations are compared with a 2- mu m BiCMOS test process. The process technology is sketched, and the simulation results are presented and discussed. >
Un-poetically “Man” Dwells Kevin E. McHugh

A sense of anxiety and ontological insecurity is an inescapable feature of the modern condition. We are threaded with diffuse yearnings for meaningful connections with people and place. Nowhere is this more evident than in Alexander Payne’s 2002 film, About Schmidt, the story of Warren Schmidt, 66 year-old retiree, coming face to face with the meaninglessness of life. I proffer an interpretation of this film that draws on the existential phenomenology of Martin Heidegger, with critical interjections inspired by Albert Camus and Michel Foucault. Through Warren Schmidt, we bear witness to the search for meaning and self discovery as a painful and tragically comic journey. Schmidt gropes clumsily to engage life more fully, seemingly out of place at every turn, the antithesis of Heidegger’s notion of dwelling poetically: attending to the plenitude of Being in the World. Schmidt displays feints and flashes of existential questioning and insight that travel to the core of what it means to struggle, what it means to be human. Through the film we ponder the fragility of human connections and the perplexing question of “nearness” in the modern world. Heidegger’s philosophy of Being and dwelling inspires dazzling insights into the modern human condition but, ultimately, its contribution to meaningful collective action is stunted, as it privileges a quiescent ontological search for Being over concern for social relations and lived realities and practicalities of human affairs and encounters.
Service Learning: The Road from the Classroom to Community-Based Macro Intervention

ABSTRACT An integrated service-learning-based curriculum teaches community-based social work practice by linking classroom-learning objectives to service learning experiences in the community. This integrated approach links three core curriculum courses directly to the community and social policy through service-learning projects. At the same time, it reinforces the social work commitment to social justice by fostering student advocacy, interest, and involvement in macro and social policy issues while developing macro-level practice skills and increasing civic engagement. Course content with a sample student project, implementation issues, and implications for social work education are addressed with this curriculum model.
Pan-cancer genetic analysis identifies PARK2 as a master regulator of G1/S cyclins

Coordinate control of different classes of cyclins is fundamentally important for cell cycle regulation and tumor suppression, yet the underlying mechanisms are incompletely understood. Here we show that the PARK2 tumor suppressor mediates this coordination. The PARK2 E3 ubiquitin ligase coordinately controls the stability of both cyclin D and cyclin E. Analysis of approximately 5,000 tumor genomes shows that PARK2 is a very frequently deleted gene in human cancer and uncovers a striking pattern of mutual exclusivity between PARK2 deletion and amplification of CCND1, CCNE1 or CDK4-implicating these genes in a common pathway. Inactivation of PARK2 results in the accumulation of cyclin D and acceleration of cell cycle progression. Furthermore, PARK2 is a component of a new class of cullin-RING-containing ubiquitin ligases targeting both cyclin D and cyclin E for degradation. Thus, PARK2 regulates cyclin-CDK complexes, as does the CDK inhibitor p16, but acts as a master regulator of the stability of G1/S cyclins.
Bactericidal properties of povidone-iodine and its effectiveness as an oral antiseptic

Abstract Povidone (polyvinylpyrrolidone)-iodine is an effective germicide. High dilutions are active in destroying, within fifteen seconds, the organisms commonly found in the mouth. It is effective in higher dilutions than the stock commercial preparations of the other common antiseptics studied. In 10 per cent aqueous solution, the antiseptic properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine have been retained for more than one year. High dilutions, however, should be freshly prepared; color loss is accompanied by a weakening of germicidal activity. When povidone-iodine is used to prepare the oral mucosa for local anesthetic injection prior to dental procedures, the hazard of direct bacterial infection is removed almost completely. In the present study polyvinylpyrrolidone iodine was used in ninety-nine patients who received a total of 115 injections, and in only five instances were bacteria recovered from the injection needle.
Systemic methotrexate induces spatial memory deficits and depletes cerebrospinal fluid folate in rats.

Abstract Purpose Although most children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are cured, a subset manifests persistent, focal cognitive deficits. Methotrexate (MTX), a key component of leukemia treatment, is suspected to contribute to treatment-induced cognitive dysfunction. We sought to establish a rodent model in order to further investigate the underlying pathophysiology. Procedures Intraperitoneal MTX was given to Long–Evans rats on two schedules: acute (250 mg/kg once during adulthood), or chronic (1 mg/kg twice weekly ×4 doses, beginning at postnatal day 15, then weekly ×6). Control rats were given saline injections on the same schedules. All male rats subsequently underwent behavioral testing designed to assess cognitive domains frequently impaired among children treated for ALL. Cerebrospinal fluid and serum folate concentrations were measured by HPLC. Findings Both acute and chronic MTX administration produced spatial memory deficits, without significantly altering visual memory, general exploration, activity or motor coordination. MTX administration was also associated with a marked reduction in serum and CSF folate and a decrease in the ratio of CSF S-adenosylmethionine to S-adenosylhomocysteine. Conclusions Similar to children treated for ALL, rats given systemic MTX develop focal cognitive deficits along with expected alterations in folate physiology.
Simulation-based multi-objective optimization for roll shifting strategy in hot strip mill

A simulation-based multi-objective optimization approach for roll shifting strategy in hot strip mills was presented. Firstly, the effect of roll shifting strategy on wear contour was investigated by numerical simulation, and two evaluation indexes including edge smoothness and body smoothness of wear contours were introduced. Secondly, the edge smoothness average and body smoothness average of all the strips in a rolling campaign were selected as objective functions, and shifting control parameters as decision variables, the multi-objective method of MODE/D as the optimizer, and then a simulation-based multi-objective optimization model for roll shifting strategy was built. The experimental result shows that MODE/D can obtain a good Pareto-optimal front, which suggests a series of alternative solutions to roll shifting strategy. Moreover, the conflicting relationship between two objectives can also be found, which indicates another advantage of multi-objective optimization. Finally, industrial test confirms the feasibility of the multi-objective approach for roll shifting strategy, and it can improve strip profile and extend same width rolling miles of a rolling campaign from 35 km to 70 km.
Common user access—a consistent and usable human-computer interface for the SAA environments

Systems Application Architecture (SAA) will allow customers to apply their investments in their computer operations across IBM's three major computing environments that exhibit unique characteristics in terms of architecture, workstations, operating systems, and system services. User experience is one of these investments. The Common User Access (CUA) establishes a degree of standardization that is compatible with the differences in the three environments and that supports transfer of users' experiences. CUA is based on a user-interface architecture that identifies fundamental elements of structure. The intent is to provide a transfer of users' conceptual-level learning across different and evolving technologies. CUA specifies user-interface components and guidelines to be used by application designers, and it provides a basis for programming development tool specifications.
Spatial and object reversal learning in monkeys with partial temporal lobe ablations.

Abstract Effects of frontal and combined medial temporal, or amygdala and hippocampal lesions separately, were compared on delayed alternation, delayed response, spatial and object reversals and non-spatial delayed alternation. Failure on spatial delayed alternation but not delayed response characterized all monkeys with temporal lobe lesions. Frontal, medial temporal and amygdala lesions resulted in varying degrees of impairment on spatial and object reversals, while hippocampal lesion produced a deficit on spatial but not object reversals. All monkeys with temporal lobe lesions achieved normal learning scores on nonspatial delayed alternation, but hippocampal monkeys were most efficient. The effects of medial temporal lesions are discussed in terms of the relative contributions of the amygdala and hippocampal ablations to the total syndrome.
Causes of capital flows in developing countries

Abstract This paper investigates the causes of capital flows in four developing countries: Mexico, Chile, Korea, and Malaysia. Using structural decomposition analysis, it finds that the recent resurgence in capital movements is largely due to external reasons such as decreases in the world interest rate or recession in industrial countries. Domestic factors, including country-specific productivity shocks and demand shocks, are relatively less important. Another interesting finding is that the fundamental causes of capital flows differ little across the countries under study. These results suggest that developing countries need to pay attention to the financial arrangements associated with capital flows and to exchange rate policy as well as macroeconomic fundamentals to avoid financial crises in a world of increased capital mobility.
Biochemical and Biophysical Characterization of the Dysfunctional E506Q MsbA Protein

MsbA is a 65kDa ABC transporter found in the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. The ABC transporter superfamily is one of the largest known and is responsible for the transport of a variety of substrates from lipids to antibiotics. ABC transporter dysfunction is involved in a range of human pathologies from cystic fibrosis to Stargardt's macular dystrophy. MsbA functions as a homodimer comprised of two nucleotide binding domains and two transmembrane domains and transports lipid A across the inner membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. MsbA is an essential protein in E. coli and its deletion or dysfunction results in the accumulation of lipid A in the inner membrane causing membrane instability and cell death. The E506Q mutation in the nucleotide binding domain is dysfunctional in MsbA and is a well-known mutation within the ABC transporter superfamily. To characterize this dysfunctional mutation for the first time in MsbA, in vivo growth assays, in vitro ATPase activity assays, and EPR spectroscopy studies throughout the ATP hydrolysis cycle were conducted. The E506Q mutation was paired with nine different reporter residues, each in or near a key nucleotide binding domain motif. Each pair has been characterized by site-directed spin labeling, ATPase assays, and an in vivo growth assay and compared to the reporter residues alone. To identify the stage in the ATP hydrolysis cycle in which the E506Q mutation is dysfunctional, the local tertiary interactions before, during, and after ATP hydrolysis were monitored by EPR spectroscopy at each stage of the ATP hydrolysis cycle, using ATP, ADP, and ATP and vanadate. With the ATPase activity, growth rate, and EPR spectroscopy compared between the reporters alone and paired with the E506Q mutation, the functional step at which the E506Q mutation dysfunctions has been identified in MsbA.
General graph pebbling

Graph pebbling is the study of whether pebbles from one set of vertices can be moved to another while pebbles are lost in the process. A number of variations on the theme have been presented over the years. In this paper we provide a common framework for studying them all, and present the main techniques and results. Some new variations are introduced as well and open problems are highlighted.
SYMPOSIUM: THE AGRICULTURAL USE OF THE SNOWY WATERS: I: ECONOMICS AND THE USE OF THE SNOWY WATERS

To determine the best use of the Snowy waters in an economic context is to pose the question of what is the most efficient use of the nation's scarce resources. Time is an important consideration in the development of water resources and cannot be ignored in a discussion of this nature. Due to lack of perfect knowledge about future prices and changes in technology, it is difficult to make economic decisions about an irrigation project as large as the one envisaged at present. A period of even twenty years is probably inadequate in view of the longer time required for such a scheme to reach maturity. However, the best guidance possible must be given to the use of the Snowy waters in terms of all the relevant information about the future economic conditions that is available now.
Genetic variability of Aspergillus flavus isolates from a Mississippi corn field.

A nontoxigenic Aspergillus flavus strain, K49, is currently being tested as a biological control agent in corn fields in the Mississippi Delta. However, little is known about the overall genetic diversity of A. flavus from year to year in corn fields and specifically in Mississippi. Our objective was to assess the genetic variability of A. flavus isolates from different seasons, inoculum sources, and years, from a no-till corn field. Of the 175 A. flavus isolates examined, 74 and 97 had the typical norB-cypA type I (1.5 kb) and type II (1.0 kb) deletion patterns, respectively. Variability in the sequence of the omtA gene of the majority of the field isolates () was compared to strain K49. High levels of haplotypic diversity (24 omtA haplotypes; Hd = 0.61 ± 0.04) were found. Among the 24 haplotypes, two were predominant, H1 (), which consists of mostly toxigenic isolates, and H49 (), which consists of mostly atoxigenic isolates including K49. Toxigenic isolates were prevalent (60%) in this natural population. Nonetheless, about 15% of the population likely shared the same ancestral origin with K49. This study provides valuable information on the diversity of A. flavus. This knowledge can be further used to develop additional biological control strains.
Differential characteristics of adolescent pregnancy test patients: Abortion, childbearing test groups

Abstract Studies of the consequences of adolescent childbearing report many negative sequelae, but the effects of induced abortion are less studied, and most studies lack appropriate controls for preexisting characteristics. This paper uses baseline data from the intake interview into a longitudinal study of 360 innercity black women (≤17 years old) presenting for a pregnancy test at two sites in Baltimore to examine baseline differences between three groups: young women who terminated the index pregnancy and, as controls, those who carried to term and those whose tests were negative. They were interviewed before being told the test result. Education aspirations/ achievement, economic well-being, sexual/contraceptive history, psychologic characteristics, and desire for a child were compared. Negative test patients often reveal characteristics suggesting a particularly high risk of pregnancy, e.g., more prior pregnancy tests and a greater desire to conceive. Implications are discussed, emphasizing the need to intervene after a negative pregnancy test with counseling to help avert a future undesired conception.
Educational Objectives in Medicine — Some Special Problems

Abstract Educational objectives are valuable means for planning, implementing and assessing educational programmes. They are necessary if the educational expectations of staff and students are to be achieved. Objectives are especially important in medical education because of the rapidly increasing complexity of medical knowledge and the large numbers of staff involved in teaching, yet many medical schools have found it difficult to develop and use educational objectives for their curriculum. Problems commonly encountered in medical education relate to the origin of objectives, their development and their acceptance by a teaching staff who often have limited formal training in educational methodology. This paper reviews the particular value of objectives in medical education and some of the special problems encountered in their use.
Economic analysis of major dairy forage systems in Pennsylvania : the role of intensive grazing

The economic impact of intensive grazing for a representative Pennsylvania Holstein (Bos taurus) dairy farm was evaluated using a Monte-Carlo farm level simulation model. Ten harvested forage combinations with or without intensive grazing of pasture were modeled. For each of 10 farm scenarios, least-cost rations were developed to meet the requirements for the level of milk production. Net cash farm income, and the after-tax net present value of ending net worth were used as profitability measures. The after-tax net present value distributions of the 10 dairy farm scenarios were also compared using stochastic dominance analysis. Results showed that under the assumption of equal milk production level (18 800 Ib/cow per yr) and depending on the forage crop mix, annual net cash farm income with intensive grazing increased by 14 to 25% compared with farms without intensive grazing. These increases translated into $8 400 to $12 400 more in annual net cash farm income for a typical Holstein dairy farm with a 60-cow herd. The observed increase in income and profitability for farms with intensive grazing was largely due to the decreased cost of milk by an average of $1.20 to $1.42/cwt, depending on the forage crop mix analyzed. A risk assessment of intensive grazing using stochastic dominance analysis showed that most farms with intensive grazing were preferred to the nongrazing dairy farms under the assumption of equal milk production output per cow. When milk output per cow was allowed to fall for farms with intensive grazing, however, the stochastic dominance analysis showed that the robustness of the preference for intensive grazing depended on the harvested forage mix used. Milk yields could only drop from 4 to 6% before the grazing forage crop mixes were no longer preferred under risk.
The incorporation of uridine 5'-phosphate into ribonucleic acid by an enzyme preparation from rat liver.

Abstract An enzyme present in the pH-5 supernatant obtained from a 105 000 × g supernatant of rat-liver homogenate has been partially purified. In the presence of Mg 2+ the enzyme incorporated UMP into terminal chains of polyuridylate attached to RNA from ribosomes. UMP itself was the principal acceptor nucleotide in the RNA. Heated DNA inhibited this incorporation. Synthetic polyribonucleotides and rat-liver soluble RNA also primed UMP incorporation. The incorporation into polyuridylate was inhibited by polyadenylate.
Patterns of developmental and behavioral progress for young brain‐injured children during interdisciplinary intervention

Pediatric hospital rehabilitation teams and community‐based early intervention programs confront the increasing demand to treat infants and preschoolers suffering both acquired and congenital brain injuries. However, few outcome studies are available to provide clear and practical guidance to their efforts. Specialists require more complete knowledge of the problems and the possibilities for these young handicapped children. Needed research can establish norms for progress and recovery, which can be used to evaluate individual gains, to provide prognoses, and to monitor interdisciplinary treatment impact. Our preliminary research traced comparative patterns of developmental and behavioral progress during intervention for infants and preschoolers suffering acquired and congenital brain injuries. In addition, this study documented treatment impact for both brain injury groups. Results demonstrated the existence of very similar overall progress and recovery patterns within both groups. An intensive interdisi...
Microsatellite DNA Loci Reveal Genetic Structure of Yellow Perch in Lake Michigan

Abstract The genetic population structure of yellow perch Perca flavescens was assessed, with a focus on spawning groups within Lake Michigan. Six microsatellite DNA loci were evaluated, which had heterozygosities ranging from 0.21 to 0.86 in samples from seven Lake Michigan locations and six others in the north-central United States. Genetic variation within samples was somewhat higher in Lake Michigan than in surrounding inland lakes. Genetic variation was also higher in the north-central United States than in a sample from the eastern United States. Exact tests for population differentiation and the fixation index R ST indicated little differentiation among spawning groups within southern Lake Michigan or Green Bay (pairwise R ST values,−0.005 to +0.014; P > 0.05 after sequential Bonferroni correction for multiple tests). However, spawning groups in Green Bay were distinct from those in Lake Michigan, and all inland locations were distinct from one another as well as from those in Lake Michigan (P < 0....
Stable Amorphous Silicon and Improved Microcrystalline Silicon by Photon-Assisted Electron Cyclotron Resonance Chemical Vapor Deposition

Amorphous (a-Si) and microcrystalline silicon ({micro}c-Si) are widely used in photovoltaics and thin film transistors. These products suffer from instability and less than desired electrical properties. The authors have utilized photon-assisted electron cyclotron resonance chemical vapor deposition (PA-ECRCVD) resulting in great improvement in both areas. For example, PA-ECRCVD compared with conventional ECR-CVD gives carrier lifetime of 1.35 {micro}s compared to 0.17 {micro}s, and photovoltaic solar cell efficiency of 10% compared to 5.9%. Moreover, the PA-ECRCVD cell only degraded to 9.8% compared to the ECR-CVD cell degradation to 5.5%, under long term exposure to tungsten lamp illumination. In addition, PA-ECRCVD gives much enhanced crystallinity in {micro}c-Si as revealed by atomic force microscopy and Raman spectroscopy.
Magnetic susceptibility of ErCl3

Abstract The magnetic susceptibility of ErCl 3 has been measured from 4.0 to 0.03°K at orientations parallel and perpendicular to the ab plane revealing a ferrimagnetic or canted antiferromagnetic ordering anomaly at T C = 0.307° K .
Resident-performed selective laser trabeculoplasty in patients with open-angle glaucoma.

Importance To our knowledge, this is the first study to investigate effectiveness and complication rates of resident-performed selective laser trabeculoplasty (SLT). Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness and complications of SLT performed by resident ophthalmologists and to identify predictors for success. Design, Setting, and Participants Retrospective case series of 81 patients with open-angle glaucoma undergoing 110 SLT procedures from November 17, 2009, through December 16, 2011, at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center. Intervention Resident-performed SLT. Main Outcomes and Measures Intraocular pressure (IOP) reduction. Secondary outcomes included change in eyedrop medications, complication rates, and predictors of SLT success defined as a 20% reduction in IOP. Results The mean IOP at baseline, defined as the average IOP of the 2 appointments prior to the SLT procedure, was 18.7 mm Hg. The mean decrease in postoperative IOP compared with baseline was 2.2 mm Hg (12%; 95% CI, 5%-19%) at 12 months and 3.3 mm Hg (18%; 95% CI, 13%-23%), 2.8 mm Hg (15%; 95% CI, 10%-21%), and 3.6 mm Hg (19%; 95% CI, 11%-27%) at 3, 6, and 24 months, respectively (all P P = .02). Increased baseline IOP was associated with an odds ratio for success of 1.24 (95% CI, 1.08-1.44) at 3 months, 1.20 (95% CI, 1.05-1.37) at 6 months, and 1.31 (95% CI, 1.13-1.53) at 12 months of follow-up ( P = .003, P = .006, and P Conclusions and Relevance Resident-performed SLT obtains outcomes similar to the IOP reduction reported in the literature for attending-performed SLT with low levels of complications. Increasing the number of shots in a treatment session may lead to less long-term need for eyedrop medications. In this patient group, higher baseline IOP was the strongest predictor of treatment effectiveness.
A novel synthesis of 2,4-thiophenediamines and their behavior as stable reactive enamines†

Reaction of α-chlorothioacetanilides (1) in refluxing methanol provides a new route to stable, reactive 2,4-thiophenediamines (2). These materials display interesting chemical and physical properties, based in large part on the interaction of the anilino groups with nuclear substituents alpha to the thiophene sulfur. Thus 2 is easily protonated, with rapid exchange of the 5-proton, while α-carbon-nitrogen cleavage has been observed for the first time during Raney nickel degradation. The susceptibility of the thiophenediamines to electrophilic attack is further demonstrated by facile formation of 3,5-diamino-2-thiophene carboxanilides (3) and 3,5-diamino-2-thienylphenyl ketones (4) from respective reaction of isocyanates, isothiocyanates, and acid chlorides with 2. Certain interesting and unusual spectral characteristics of these compounds, resembling enamines and enaminoketones, are presented and discussed.
Generalized type 5 adenovirus infectionassociated with the pertussis syndrome

Adenoviruses generally cause mild illnesses. Conjunctivitis, nasorhinitis, and pharyngitis are known to be caused by type 5 virus. A patient is described with clinical findings of whooping cough who died during a paroxysm. Studies of postmortem tissues revealed necrotizing bronchiolitis and cytopathologic changes in lung parenchyma typical of adenovirus infection. Type 5 adenovirus was isolated from lungs, liver, and kidney. The relationship of adenovirus infection to the pertussis syndrome is briefly discussed.
Enhance Student Learning with PowerPoint Games: Using Twenty Questions to Promote Active Learning in Managerial Accounting

Stakeholders encourage accounting educators to provide active learning opportunities, to integrate the creative use of technology into the curriculum, and to emphasize learning by doing. The principles of good teaching practice can use technology to promote active learning, to provide prompt feedback to students, to increase student time on task, and to make learning more effective and efficient for the student. Technological tools can permit students to become active participants and can improve student learning by giving students convenient access to review material with immediate feedback. This article describes the use and development of a PowerPoint game in an introductory accounting course managerial accounting that provides the student with immediate feedback and is designed to be accessed by the student outside of the classroom. This technological tool can be used in other undergraduate academic disciplines.
A study of the histologic reaction of submerged root segments

Abstract Vital and endodontically treated root segments of three monkeys were submerged and studied histologically after varying experimental periods. Vital root segments in all animals demonstrated less inflammatory reaction, had a better submersion success rate, and displayed the blending of pulpal tissues with the overlying connective tissue in all cases which were successfully submerged. Segments filled with gutta-percha were associated with a light foreign-body reaction when successfully submerged but were apparently harder to submerge successfully. No inflammatory infiltrates were associated with the vital successfully submerged segments.
Determination of terpene and related compounds in semi-urban air by GC-MSD

Abstract An automated gas chromatographic method using mass spectrometric detection for the determination of several biogenic hydrocarbons and some of their oxidation products in ambient tropospheric air is described. The method was used for the quantitation of ten monoterpenes, isoprene, methyl vinyl ketone and methacrolein. The method uses intermediate trapping steps on Tenax-TA sorbent, facilitating quantitative sampling of up to six liters of air without significant interference from water vapor or carbon dioxide. Practical limits of detection of 10 parts per trillion by volume for the target compounds were achieved. The use of the method in a extended measurement campaign, as part of the Southern Oxidant Study, near Atlanta, Georgia in the summer of 1992 is discussed.
Effect of visual displays and locations on laparoscopic surgical training task.

Abstract The number of minimally invasive surgical (MIS) procedures has substantially increased since its introduction due to health and recovery benefits for patients. However, there are potential performance issues in MIS for surgeons due to perceptual processing demands associated with supporting technologies. Monitor location has been identified as a major factor influencing performance in these types of procedures. This study examined the effect of multiple monitors on performance during a laparoscopic surgical training task (peg transfer among instruments). Twenty-four novice subjects were exposed to different monitor conditions including a default position, a biomechanically compatible position, and a position collocated with the operating surface as well as the combination of the latter two. Subjective rankings and cognitive workload were also assessed. Results revealed a significant effect of monitor position on task time when compared to subjects’ baseline training task time using the default monitor setup. Collocating the monitor with the operating surface was shown to be superior in terms of task time. There were no significant differences among monitor positions in terms of perceived workload. The results of this study provide an applicable guide for the design of MIS setups in the operating room to promote surgeon performance.
The Ca2+‐Sensing Receptor (CaR) Activates Phospholipases C, A2, and D in Bovine Parathyroid and CaR‐Transfected, Human Embryonic Kidney (HEK293) Cells

The extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+(o))-sensing receptor (CaR) is a G protein-coupled receptor that activates phospholipase C (PLC). In the present studies, we assessed Ca2+(o)-dependent changes in the generation of inositol phosphates (IP), free arachidonic acid (AA), and phosphatidylbutanol (PtdBtOH) by PLC, phospholipase A2 (PLA2), and phospholipase D (PLD), respectively, in bovine parathyroid cells as well as in wild-type or CaR-transfected human embryonic kidney (HEK293) cells (HEK-WT and HEK-CaR, respectively). Elevated Ca2+(o) increased the formation of IPs in parathyroid cells as well in HEK-CaR but not in HEK-WT cells. High Ca2+(o) also elicited time- and dose-dependent increases in PtdBtOH in parathyroid cells and HEK-CaR but not in HEK-WT cells. Brief treatment of parathyroid and HEK-CaR cells with an activator of protein kinase C (PKC), phorbol 12-myristate,13-acetate (PMA), stimulated PLD activity at both low and high Ca2+(o). Moreover, high Ca2+(o)-stimulated PLD activity was abolished following down-regulation of PKC by overnight phorbol myristate acetate (PMA) pretreatment, suggesting that CaR-mediated activation of PLD depends largely upon stimulation of PKC. High Ca2+(o) likewise increased the release of free AA in parathyroid and HEK-CaR but not in HEK-WT cells. Mepacrine, a general PLA2 inhibitor, and AACOCF3, an inhibitor of cytosolic PLA2, reduced AA release in parathyroid cells at high Ca2+(o), suggesting a major role for PLA2 in high Ca2+(o)-elicited AA release. Pretreatment of parathyroid cells with PMA stimulated release of AA at low and high Ca2+(o), while a PKC inhibitor, chelerythrine, reduced AA release at high Ca2+(o) to the level observed with low Ca2+(o) alone. Thus, PKC contributes importantly to the high Ca2+(o)-evoked, CaR-mediated activation of not only PLD but also PLA2. Finally, high Ca2+(o)-stimulated production of IP, PtdBtOH, and AA all decreased substantially in parathyroid cells cultured for 4 days, in which expression of the CaR decreases by 80% or more, consistent with mediation of these effects by the receptor. Thus, the CaR activates, directly or indirectly, at least three phospholipases in bovine parathyroid and CaR-transfected HEK293 cells, providing for coordinate, receptor-mediated regulation of multiple signal transduction pathways in parathyroid and presumably other CaR-expressing cells.
Sponsorship‐linked marketing: a set of research propositions

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to review the existing literature on sponsorship‐linked marketing and to present a set of research propositions.Design/methodology/approach – The approach to the research propositions was to explore the existing literature to discover areas where opportunities for further research exist.Findings – The authors propose that not only does sponsorship‐linked marketing influence attitudes towards the sponsor, but that the relationship is that of an S‐shaped curve where the incremental impact of sponsorship is slight for brands with very little or very strong attitudes established towards the brand. The most dramatic influence that sponsorship‐linked marketing will have is for those sponsors with a moderate amount of established brand attitude. The authors also present an argument that extreme congruity or extreme incongruity will drive brand awareness more dramatically than an expected level of sponsor‐property congruity, thus suggesting a U‐shaped relationship between aw...
Mechanisms for Diurnal Boundary Layer Circulations in the Great Basin Desert

Abstract The purpose of this observation- and model-based study of the Great Basin Desert boundary layer is to illustrate the variety of locally forced circulations that can affect such an area during a diurnal cycle. The area of the Great Basin Desert (or Great Salt Lake Desert) that is studied is located to the southwest of Salt Lake City, Utah. It is characteristic of the arid “basin and range” province of North America in that it contains complex terrain, varied vegetation and substrates, and high water tables associated with salt-encrusted basin flats (playas). The study area is especially well instrumented with surface meteorological stations operated by the U.S. Army's West Desert Test Center and a collection of cooperating mesonets in northeastern Utah. The study period was chosen based on the availability of special radiosonde data in this area. One of the processes that is documented here that is unique to desert environments is the salt breeze that forms around the edge of playas as a result of...
Melancholic MOMA: Groundswell's Missing Histories

This field note brings a psychoanalytic perspective to a recent architecture exhibition at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City called Groundswell: Constructing the Contemporary Landscape, which showcased the rehabilitation of degraded landscapes. The author proposes a reading of Groundswell's degraded sites as communal “lost objects,” taking the phrase “lost objects” from Freud's exploration of melancholia and mourning. In employing this shift of terms, the author moves from the language of public utility and progress embraced by Groundswell's curators towards a more complex consideration of the cultural meaning of landscape.
Latitudinal distribution of penguins, seals and whales observed during a late autumn transect through the Ross Sea

During a cruise to the Ross Ice Shelf we counted all penguins and marine mammals seen whilst underway. Our objective was to determine the abundance and distribution of these animals along our cruise line. From 14 May until 11 June the sun was below the horizon. Our observations were from the 18 m high bridge. Most watches were in the dark, aided by the bridge spotlights. A total of 79 emperor penguins, 920 Adelie penguins, and 27 marine mammals were counted. We conclude that the Ross Sea, in which wildlife flourishes during the summer, is depauperate in winter. The low numbers of marine mammals may be due partially to their tendency to remain below the surface most of the time. However, Adelie penguins, a visual hunter which rests on sea ice at night, appear to prefer pack ice edges where there is a few hours of daylight and civil twilight for pursuit of prey. Non-breeding emperor penguins also rest on sea ice at night. All but four were observed north of the Ross Sea. Unlike more northerly colonies where females lay their egg and disperse in May female departure in the Ross Sea appears to be later and, we were unable to determine their winter foraging area.
Effect of familiarity on primacy performance of normal and retarded children.

Summary On the assumption that serial recall tasks reflect spatial memory rather than verbal rehearsal, the purpose of this experiment was to determine what effect stimulus familiarity had on the spatial primacy performance of 20 retarded and 20 normal boys and girls. Linear presentation effects of familiar and nonfamiliar pictures upon serial position curve performance when overt verbalization was suppressed were investigated. Results indicated that an interaction of stimulus familiarity and spatial memory is responsible for the primacy effect found in serial position curves. No primacy effect for either the normal or retardate group was found in the nonfamiliar stimulus condition. No overall developmental effects were found between groups of children on serial position performance. Consistent with Craik and Lockhart's memory processing model, the present results indicated stimulus familiarity provided deeper levels of processing, thereby facilitating primacy effects.
An approach to inference in approximate reasoning

We investigate the problem of making inferences based on fuzzy conditional statements. We discuss a new operation for both multivalued implication and fuzzy inference. This operation is based upon the exponentiation operation.
Library Assistant Training: Perceptions, Incentives, and Barriers.

Attitudes of 139 Western New York library assistants towards training, support from management for training, and topics for training have been measured. Release time, funding, and specific training suggestions by supervisors have been found to correlate with training participation.
Stratigraphy of the Lower Mancos Shale in the San Juan Basin

The lower half of the Mancos Shale in the northern San Juan Basin can be divided into the following stratigraphic units, in ascending order: Graneros Shale, Greenhorn Limestone, Carlile Shale, and Niobrara Shale. The presence of the Juana Lopez Member of the Mancos allows the Carlile to be further divided into an upper and lower Carlile Shale. Tongues of shallow marine and continental sediments extend into the Mancos from the south, representing several transgressions and regressions of varying extent. These sediments are not seen along the northern side of the basin, but the changing conditions of sedimentation are reflected in vertical changes of the Mancos microfauna. Six distinct foraminiferal zones are present in the lower Mancos. In ascending order these are the: Rotalipora zone, Bigenerina zone, Gavelinella tumida. zone, Trochammina wickendeni zone, Gavelinella ammonoides zone, and the Globotruncana zone. Completely contained within the Trochammina wickendeni zone is the Ammomarginulina subzone. The faunal assemblages within these zones are used to give an indication of the physical conditions which prevailed within the basin during the time represented by the Mancos sediments. The basal Graneros on the northeast side of the basin contains the Rotalipora fauna, and represents the beginning of the first definitely marine transgression in the Upper Cretaceous. The sandstones of middle Graneros age, called “upper Dakota” sandstones, and the contained Bigenerina fauna give evidence of a slowing of the transgression in the San Juan Basin area. The Gavelinella tumida fauna, and the calcareous beds of the Greenhorn and lowermost Carlile which enclose it, record the most extensive transgression of the early Mancos sea. The change to the arenaceous fauna of the Trochammina wickendeni zone marks the end of the transgression and the beginning of a regression that continued all through the Carlile, although the overlying Gavelinella ammonoides fauna within the upper Carlile shows that the character of the regression changed with time. The unconformable boundary between the Carlile and Niobrara sediments is marked by a change to the Globotruncana fauna. This fauna and the nature of the basal Niobrara sediments indicate that the amount of sediment being brought into the basin during early Niobrara time was small. This means that the sand bodies, lying on the eroded upper surface of the Carlile rocks, are made up of sediments which were derived from these pre-existing Carlile sediments. These sand bodies were deposited as “strike valley” sands, and owe their position to irregularities on the upper surface of the Carlile beds. The basal Niobrara sands give way to calcareous shales both laterally, in a basinward direction, and vertically.
Away-from-home Food Intake and Risk for Obesity: Examining the Influence of Context

Objective This study examined socio-demographic and cultural determinants of away-from-home food consumption in two contexts and the influence of frequency of away-from-home food consumption on children’s dietary intake and parent and child weight status.
A Study of Topical Therapy in Tinea Capitis

Thirteen treatment agents (Table 1) were evaluated in eight hundred eighty-one clinical trials in 460 patients (Table 2). Prior to treatment fluorescence in infected areas was detected with the Wood's Light and cultures of fluorescent hair were made; 83.2% were positive for M. audouini, 1.0% were positive for M. lanosum and 15.7% showed no growth or were contaminated. Each compound was used for at least three months before it was considered ineffective. Medication was applied twice a day and hair was clipped once a week. Manual epilation was not allowed. Examination were made every two weeks. Cure was determined by disappearance of fluorescence in infected areas, regrowth of normal hair and absence of fluorescence for 90 days after termination of treatment. The results are summarized in Table 3. The 75% cure rate in the group of 132 patients treated with 5-chlorosalicylanilide (No. 13) indicated that this drug was superior in this series by the method of testing. For 2 to 3 weeks preceding disappearance of fluorescence there was a replacement of the bright shiny green color of the infected hairs by lustreless white. Dermatitis from the ointment occurred in 4 patients (3%) Table 3. Of the 132 patients treated with 5-chlorosalicylanilide there were 108 with positive cultures for M. audouini; data concerning this group are summarized in Table 4; the cure rate was 73.1%.
Multiprocessing in multiprotocol routers

Abstract High-speed networks place strict requirements on the architecture of communication subsystems. One of the most significant problems in conventional subsystems is provision of high-speed protocol processing. The protocol processing problem is especially significant in the environment of multiprotocol routers where several routing protocols are supported. A multiprocessor architecture for high-speed processing in multiprotocol environments is presented and analyzed. It is shown that exploitation of vertical and horizontal parallelism in protocol stacks combined with parallelism in memory accesses and packet memory management significantly increases system performance. The presented architecture, used in realistic environments, meets the throughput requirements of high-speed network links offering throughput up to 100 Mbps.