cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Temperature Dependence of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Chemical Shifts of 129Xe in the α-Cages of NaY Zeolite

One- and two-dimensional NMR spectra of 129Xe sorbed in NaY zeolite at a loading of approximately 1 Xe atom/4 α-cages were obtained as a function of temperature. One-dimensional spectra were measured over the range of 60−300 K, by far the largest range yet investigated with this method. The data were fitted to the simple statistical mechanical cylindrical pore model of Cheung yielding a van der Waals adsorption energy of 3.3 kJ/mol. 2D-NOESY spectra were obtained at 300 and 355 K. The two-dimensional data show that the intercrystalline diffusion is slow compared to intracrystalline diffusion. The results indicate that the Xe atoms spend most of their time in the α-cages and at the lower temperatures, near the cage walls.
Activation analysis for ITER design options

This paper presents a summary of the activation analyses that have been performed for the shielding blanket (SS/water) and for the breeding blanket (Li/V) of ITER design options. The activation code RACC-P, which has been modified for pulsed operation, has been used in these calculations. The spatial distributions of the radioactive inventory, decay heat, biological hazard potential, and the contact dose were calculated for the two designs for different operation modes and targeted fluences. A one-dimensional toroidal cylindrical geometrical model has been utilized to determine the neutron fluxes in the two designs. The results are normalized for an inboard and outboard neutron wall loadings of 0.91 and 1.2 MW/m/sup 2/, respectively.
STRATIFICATION THEORY, SOCIOECONOMIC BACKGROUND, AND EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT: A FORMAL ANALYSIS

Three proposals explicate the social origins/education transitions association. Maximally maintained inequality (MMI) (Raftery and Hout 1993) claims the association declines only at transitions hig...
Emerging technology, innovation, and the digital library

Purpose – This paper aims to discuss the issues and impact of emerging technologies and innovation in libraries.Design/methodology/approach – The paper is a general overview of the concepts and application of emerging technologies and innovation to library practices.Findings – Librarians need to be careful about how terminology such as emerging technology is used as emerging technology in one sector is not new in others and to have credibility, librarians must understand how those differences may play out within their overall organizations. When libraries are situated in parent organizations that value experimentation and innovation, libraries must be willing to experiment and innovate with services and processes. Furthermore, because technology changes quickly, libraries need to be agile in evaluating and implementing technology.Originality/value – This paper fills a gap in the digital library project management literature by providing an overview of the issues related to implementing and using emerging ...
Ankle Arthrodesis Versus Ankle Replacement for Ankle Arthritis

Note from the Editor-in-Chief: We are pleased to present to readers of Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research®another installment of Clinical Faceoff, a regular feature. This section is a point-counterpoint discussion between recognized experts in their fields on a controversial clinical or nonclinical issue. We welcome reader feedback on all of our columns and articles; please send your comments to eic@clinorthop.org. The author certifies that she, or a member of her immediate family, has no funding or commercial associations (eg, consultancies, stock ownership, equity interest, patent/licensing arrangements, etc.) that might pose a conflict of interest in connection with the submitted article. All ICMJE Conflict of Interest Forms for authors and Clinical Orthopaedics and Related Research editors and board members are on file with the publication and can be viewed on request. The opinions expressed are those of the writers and do not reflect the opinion or policy of CORR® or the Association of Bone and Joint Surgeons®.
Nothing for Money and Your Work for Free: Internships and the Marketing of Higher Education

American universities have significantly increased their marketing expenditures over the last decade. The high cost of education, reductions in government funding, and precipitous declines in the traditional college-aged population (18-21 year olds) are some of the key factors forcing universities to be more aggressive with the promotional techniques they use to attract prospective students. In this competitive marketplace, schools promote the attributes they believe will be most compelling to high schoolers and their parents, including academics, sports, campus life, and careers. Tied into this last factor is the promotion of internship opportunities. While some of these hands-on experiences lead to jobs, there are no guarantees that attending college and engaging in an internship will translate into full-time employment. Using content analysis and auto-ethnography, I examine how universities use internships to market higher education, and argue that this is a particularly pernicious practice within the area of media studies.
Transmission of Information From Cardiac Dihydropyridine Receptor to Ryanodine Receptor: Evidence From BayK 8644 Effects on Resting Ca2+ Sparks

Abstract—Coupling between L-type Ca2+ channels (dihydropyridine receptors, DHPRs) and ryanodine receptors (RyRs) plays a pivotal role in excitation-contraction (E-C) coupling in cardiac myocytes, and Ca2+ influx is generally accepted as the trigger of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) Ca2+ release. The L-type Ca2+ channel agonist BayK 8644 (BayK) has also been reported to alter RyR gating via a functional linkage between DHPR and RyR, independent of Ca2+ influx. Here, the effect of rapid BayK application on resting RyR gating in intact ferret ventricular myocytes was measured as Ca2+ spark frequency (CaSpF) by confocal microscopy and fluo 3. BayK increased resting CaSpF by 401±15% within 10 seconds in Ca2+-free solution, and depolarization had no additional effect. The effect of BayK on CaSpF was dose-dependent, but even 50 nmol/L BayK induced a rapid 245±12% increase in CaSpF. Nifedipine (5 μmol/L) had no effect by itself on CaSpF, but it abolished the BayK effect (presumably by competitive inhibition at the D...
Expanding the analytical potential of channel locational probability maps using cellular statistics

The planimetric shifts in channel location of large alluvial rivers are a critical component in the creation of diverse structures and functions in riverine habitats. Engineered management schemes must also compensate for this type of channel change to protect resources and maintain navigation channels. The stability of the Lower Mississippi River channel was assessed through an analysis of historical records of channel position produced and archived by the United States Army Corps of Engineers. Channel location was recorded for the years 1765, 1820, 1881, 1915, 1930, 1937, 1960 and 1970. Channel stability was measured by two introduced metrics on a cell-by-cell basis: (1) the standard deviation of Euclidean distance to a channel cell for the entire period of record, and (2) the rate of Euclidean distance change between years in the period of record. At a coarse spatial scale, channel instability increased in the downstream direction. The variability of channel stability also increased in the downstream direction. Analysis of this variability identified alternating areas of high and low stability occurring with greater frequency as distance downstream increased. These findings are validated by past studies of channel stability along the Lower Mississippi River. As a result, the proposed metrics provide a consistent, quantitative, efficient and cost-effective means of identifying areas of channel instability at several spatial scales. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Trait-mediated interactions and lifetime fitness of the invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis

Plants interact with numerous enemies and mutualists simultaneously and sequentially. Such multispecies interactions can give rise to trait-mediated indirect effects that are likely to be common in nature but which are also inherently difficult to predict. Understanding multispecies interactions is also important in the use of biological control agents to control invasive plants because modern approaches to biocontrol rely on releasing multiple agents for each target weed. Centaurea solstitialis is one of the most problematic invasive weeds in California, USA, and the weevil Eustenopus villosus is its dominant biological control agent. We conducted a field experiment to quantitatively assess the direct effect of the recently approved biocontrol pathogen Puccinia jaceae f.s. solstitialis on plant performance and any indirect effects that might arise by altering the plant's interactions with Eustenopus or its pollinators (principally the nonnative Apis mellifera). We documented both synergy and interference between the two biocontrol agents depending on the life stage of the weevil. Puccinia infection increased the impact of bud-feeding by the adult weevils but reduced the impact of seed-feeding by larval weevils. Neither infection nor Eustenopus attack had an effect on pollinator visitation. The net effect was that attack by both the pathogen and the weevil did not reduce plant fitness relative to plants attacked only by the weevil. Because the consequence to the plant of interacting with one species may depend on the presence or absence of other interacting species, a careful consideration of multispecies interactions may be necessary for the selection of biocontrol agents that act in a complementary manner to reduce plant fitness. Likewise, relatively tractable weed-biocontrol systems allow us to examine multispecies interactions that can be difficult to study experimentally in native systems that are composed of numerous species with well-established populations.
Conversion or Addiction Consequences of Joining a Jesus Movement Group

Simmonds has gathered the only personality assessment data known about for participants in the Jesus movement and uses some of it here to support his provocative idea that conversion to the movement does not entail conversion in the traditional sense of the term, but instead represents a shift in addiction.
Selected Aspects of Semi-Aquatic Turtle Assemblages in East-Central Kansas Ponds

Ponds are common in many agricultural landscapes and provide aquatic habitat for wildlife. Most studies of semi-aquatic turtle assemblages have been conducted in lotic environments or large lentic habitats (e.g., lakes, reservoirs), but few studies have described pond communities. We used Frame nets and basking traps to sample turtle assemblages within eight ponds located in east-central Kansas (Lyon Co.) from 15 May 2007 – 1 October 2007. Our objective was to describe selected aspects of the semi-aquatic turtle assemblages in these ponds: species richness, relative abundance, catch per unit effort, and density. A total of 655 unique individuals were captured and four species were detected (Chrysemys picta bellii, N = 387; Trachemys scripta elegans, N= 188; Chelydra serpentina, N = 79; Pseudemys concinna, N = 1). Chrysemys picta bellii was usually the most abundant species, with T. s. elegans and C. serpentina ranked second and third, respectively. Likewise, catch per unit effort (an index of abundance) w...
A Simulation Model for Analytical Laboratory Planning

A digital computer model that simulates laboratory operations and production scheduling at the Center for Drug Analysis was developed. The model is based on established empirical relationships between laboratory personnel, the number of laboratory samples awaiting analysis, and the number of samples that will be completed during ensuing time periods. Scheduling heuristics determine allocation of resources to laboratory activities.
SOFTENIT: a methodology for boosting the software content of system-on-chip designs

Embedded software is a preferred choice for implementing system functionality in modern System-on-Chip (SoC) designs, due to the high flexibility, and lower engineering costs provided by software over hardware. With continuous improvements in embedded processor performance, many system functions, which have traditionally been implemented using dedicated hardware (such as those with real-time performance requirements), are becoming potential candidates for software implementation. For complex SoCs containing many different components, identifying such functions (or hardware blocks), and re-implementing them as embedded software, is a labor-intensive, manual, and error-prone process. In this paper we present techniques for the transformation of behaviors of selected hardware blocks into equivalent software implementations. In particular, we describe Softenit, a methodology for "softening" of SoC hardware, that takes as input, a partitioned and mapped system description, and generates a modified system architecture in which the fraction of system functionality implemented using embedded software is significantly boosted. Application of this methodology to an IEEE 802.11 MAC processor design demonstrates that it can be used to generate new, "softened" system architectures, that yield large reductions in hardware complexity, while satisfying performance requirements, at very low computational cost.
Behavioral activation for the treatment of atypical depression: a pilot open trial.

Psychosocial interventions for atypical depression (AD) have been relatively ignored in the clinical research literature, despite evidence that the atypical subtype of major depression is marked by earlier age of onset, longer duration of mood episode, greater symptom severity, and poorer response to pharmacologic treatment. Given the symptom profile of AD, which is characterized by mood reactivity, psychomotor slowing, and interpersonal withdrawal, we argue that a behavioral activation (BA) intervention may be particularly well suited to this population. As an initial exploration of this hypothesis, the current study presents preliminary outcome data from 10 outpatients with AD who participated in an open pilot trial of BA over a 16-week period. Overall, results provide encouraging preliminary support for the feasibility, acceptability, and efficacy of BA for AD, with significant reductions in depressive symptoms and associated improvements in functional impairment and behavioral activation level. Study results are discussed in the context of existing treatments for AD, and areas for future treatment development are highlighted.
Exploiting type-awareness in a self-recovering disk

Data recoverability in the face of partial disk errors is an important prerequisite in modern storage. We have designed and implemented a prototype disk system that automatically ensures the integrity of stored data, and transparently recovers vital data in the event of integrity violations. We show that by using pointer knowledge, effective integrity assurance can be performed inside a block-based disk with negligible performance overheads. We also show how semantics-aware replication of blocks can help improve the recoverability of data in the event of partial disk errors with small space overheads. Our evaluation results show that for normal user workloads, our disk system has a performance overhead of only 1-5% compared to traditional disks.
Perceived social support and work-family conflict: A comparison of Hispanic immigrants and non-immigrants

Purpose – Despite the abundance of research on work social support and work-family conflict, the generalizability of these relationships to immigrant and non-immigrant Hispanics is still unknown. Based on role and cultural theories, the purpose of this paper is to provide an empirical examination of these relationships within this growing yet understudied population. Design/methodology/approach – Survey data were collected from a diverse sample of employed immigrant and non-immigrant Hispanics from a broad set of occupational groups within Miami, Florida (USA). Structural equation modeling (SEM) was used to test hypotheses. Multi-group analyses were conducted to test for differences in model fit and parameter estimates between the immigrant and non-immigrant subgroups. Findings – The hypothesized model fit the data well, with a significant positive relationship between perceived organizational social support and perceived supervisor social support, a significant negative relationship between perceived org...
Contributions of the N- and C-terminal domains of surfactant protein d to the binding, aggregation, and phagocytic uptake of bacteria.

Collectins play important roles in host defense against infectious microorganisms. We now demonstrate that the serum collectins mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and conglutinin have less ability to bind to, aggregate, and enhance neutrophil uptake of several strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria than pulmonary surfactant protein D (SP-D). Collectins are composed of four major structural domains (i.e., N-terminal, collagen, and neck and carbohydrate recognition domains). To determine which domains of SP-D are responsible for its greater bacterial binding or aggregating activity, activities of chimeric collectins containing the N-terminal and collagen domains of SP-D coupled to the neck recognition domains and carbohydrate recognition domains (CRD) of MBL or conglutinin (SP-D/Congneck+CRD and SP-D/MBLneck+CRD) were tested. The SP-D/Congneck+CRD and SP-D/MBLneck+CRD chimeras bound to and aggregated the bacteria more strongly than did wild-type MBL or conglutinin. SP-D/MBLneck+CRD also enhanced neutrophil uptake of bacteria more so than MBL. Hence, the SP-D N-terminal and/or collagen domains contribute to the enhanced bacterial binding and aggregating activities of SP-D. In prior studies, SP-D/Congneck+CRD and SP-D/MBLneck+CRD had increased ability to bind to influenza virus compared not only with that of conglutinin or MBL but with that of wild-type SP-D as well. In contrast, the chimeras had either reduced or unchanged ability to bind to or aggregate bacteria compared to that of wild-type SP-D. Hence, although replacement of the neck recognition domains and CRDs of SP-D with those of MBL and conglutinin conferred increased viral binding activity, it did not favorably affect bacterial binding activity, suggesting that requirements for optimal collectin binding to influenza virus and bacteria differ.
The effects of listener sophistication on judgements of esophageal speech

Abstract The relationship between listener sophistication and judgements of esophageal speech proficiency was investigated. A secondary objective was to evaluate the effects of visual factors on such judgements. The 22 laryngectomees in the study were recorded by sound-on-film motion picture apparatus while reading the first paragraph of the Rainbow Passage. The speech samples were judged by 30 sophisticated and 30 unsophisticated listeners on the basis of visual information only, auditory information only, and on the basis of auditory-visual information. The following conclusions were drawn: (1) Sophisticated listeners judge esophageal speakers differently than do unsophisticated listeners and the difference is in the direction of a lower rating by the sophisticated judges. (2) Judgements of esophagenal speech do not differ when made on visual information only or auditory information only, and (3) Judgements of esophageal speech made on the basis of auditory-visual information differ significantly from judgements on the basis of auditory information only or visual information only.
The enzymology of the cell surface

In recent years there has been a convergence of interest on the part of the biochemists on one hand and the biologists and cytologists on the other. The biochemist has become increasingly aware that biochemical activities of the cell are intimately related to the structure of the cell. The biologist has become increasingly aware that the morphological elements of the cell possess important metabolic functions. The common interest of the biochemist and the biologist has resulted in the present popularity of research concerned with the localization of enzyme systems within the cell. Considerable impetus has also been given to such studies by the development of techniques which allow the isolation of cellular elements such as the mitochondria, microsomes, chloroplasts and nuclei. In addition new cytological techniques such as electron microscopy, autoradiography, and ultraviolet microscopy, as well as the more recent modifications of staining procedures, have increased our knowledge of the metabolic geography of the cell. Not only has it become apparent that specific enzymes are intimately associated with certain structural elements of the cell, but it is evident that the architecture of the cell plays an important role in the regulation of metabolic activities.
Give Them My Regards: A Proposal for Applying the Cod Rules to Disregarded Entities

This article discusses application of the COD rules to disregarded entities and concludes that the IRS should regard disregarded entities for that purpose. Hoffer argues that to do otherwise would not only engender uncertainty in lending transactions with single-member LLCs but would also distort the federal tax system's comprehension of underlying state law business arrangements.
On the structural denaturation of biological analytes in trapped ion mobility spectrometry - mass spectrometry.

Key to native ion mobility/mass spectrometry is to prevent the structural denaturation of biological molecules in the gas phase. Here, we systematically assess structural changes induced in the protein ubiquitin during a trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) experiment. Our analysis shows that the extent of structural denaturation induced in ubiquitin ions is largely proportional to the amount of translational kinetic energy an ion gains from the applied electric field between two collisions with buffer gas particles. We then minimize the efficiency of the structural denaturation of ubiquitin ions in the gas phase during a TIMS experiment. The resulting “soft” TIMS spectra of ubiquitin are found largely identical to those observed on “soft” elevated-pressure ion mobility drift tubes and the corresponding calibrated cross sections are consistent with structures reported from NMR experiments for the native and A-state of ubiquitin. Thus, our analysis reveals that TIMS is useful for native ion mobility/mass spectrometry analysis.
The Use of Botulinum Toxin in the Management of Headache Disorders

Headache disorders can be further classified as episodic (< 15 headache days per month) or chronic (≥ 15 headache days per month for more than 3 months). Chronic migraine (CM) requires that headaches occur on 15 or more days a month for more than 3 months. These headaches must be migraines on at least 8 days per month. There are seven botulinum toxin (BoNT) serotypes (A1, A2, A3, B, C1, D, E, F, and G). All serotypes inhibit acetylcholine release, although their intracellular target proteins, physiochemical characteristics, and potencies are different. Its mechanism of action in pain is being investigated. Botulinum toxin type A (BoNT-A) has been the most widely studied serotype for therapeutic purposes. A major clinical advantage of type A toxin arises from its prolonged duration of action due to the longevity of its protease (90 days in rats and probably much longer in human neurons). Clinical studies suggest that BoNT is a safe treatment and is efficacious for the prevention of some forms of migraine, such as CM, and perhaps high-frequency episodic migraine.
Diagnosis and Management of Narcolepsy Reviewed

Researchers at Duke University Medical Center, and Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Durham, NC, review the epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of pediatric narcolepsy.
The Effects of Oncologist Implicit Racial Bias in Racially Discordant Oncology Interactions

PurposeHealth providers’ implicit racial bias negatively affects communication and patient reactions to many medical interactions. However, its effects on racially discordant oncology interactions are largely unknown. Thus, we examined whether oncologist implicit racial bias has similar effects in oncology interactions. We further investigated whether oncologist implicit bias negatively affects patients’ perceptions of recommended treatments (i.e., degree of confidence, expected difficulty). We predicted oncologist implicit bias would negatively affect communication, patient reactions to interactions, and, indirectly, patient perceptions of recommended treatments.MethodsParticipants were 18 non-black medical oncologists and 112 black patients. Oncologists completed an implicit racial bias measure several weeks before video-recorded treatment discussions with new patients. Observers rated oncologist communication and recorded interaction length of time and amount of time oncologists and patients spoke. Fol...
ERK/MAPK Signaling Drives Overexpression of the Rac-GEF, PREX1, in BRAF- and NRAS-Mutant Melanoma

Recently, we identified that PREX1 overexpression is critical for metastatic but not tumorigenic growth in a mouse model of NRAS-driven melanoma. In addition, a PREX1 gene signature correlated with and was dependent on ERK MAPK activation in human melanoma cell lines. In the current study, the underlying mechanism of PREX1 overexpression in human melanoma was assessed. PREX1 protein levels were increased in melanoma tumor tissues and cell lines compared with benign nevi and normal melanocytes, respectively. Suppression of PREX1 by siRNA impaired invasion but not proliferation in vitro. PREX1-dependent invasion was attributable to PREX1-mediated activation of the small GTPase RAC1 but not the related small GTPase CDC42. Pharmacologic inhibition of ERK signaling reduced PREX1 gene transcription and additionally regulated PREX1 protein stability. This ERK-dependent upregulation of PREX1 in melanoma, due to both increased gene transcription and protein stability, contrasts with the mechanisms identified in breast and prostate cancers, in which PREX1 overexpression was driven by gene amplification and HDAC-mediated gene transcription, respectively. Thus, although PREX1 expression is aberrantly upregulated and regulates RAC1 activity and invasion in these three different tumor types, the mechanisms of its upregulation are distinct and context dependent. Implications: This study identifies an ERK-dependent mechanism that drives PREX1 upregulation and subsequent RAC1-dependent invasion in BRAF- and NRAS-mutant melanoma. Mol Cancer Res; 14(10); 1009–18. ©2016 AACR.
Hybrid polyurea elastomers with enzymatic degradation and tunable mechanical properties.

Herein, we report on the synthesis and characterization of enzymatically labile polyureas for use as a tissue-engineered ligament scaffold. Polyureas were selected due to their excellent tensile pr...
Consumers’ Willingness to Patronize Locally Sourced Restaurants: The Impact of Environmental Concern, Environmental Knowledge, and Ecological Behavior

ABSTRACTThe purpose of the study was to examine the effects of three environmental triggers, environmental knowledge, environmental concern, and ecological behavior, on consumer’s willingness to visit a locally sourced restaurant. Such triggers were expected to influence the target population’s intention to visit locally sourced restaurants. The target population was actual and potential restaurant customers in the United States who are 18 years of age or older. Data were collected using an online survey with a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 423 responses were retained and analyzed by using a two-step approach of structural equation modeling. The study results indicated that while environmental knowledge and environmental concern positively influence attitude toward visiting a locally sourced restaurant, ecological behavior does not. Theoretical and managerial implications are discussed.
Editorial Commentary: “A Brush Too Broad” (Validation, Global Rating Scales, and the Like…What Do They Really Mean?)

Surgical simulation will play an increasingly important role in helping to train surgical skills. Tools of varying fidelity including benchtop models and virtual reality computer-generated simulations will be needed to most effectively train for accomplishing specific tasks and techniques. We must search for and identify how best to employ simulation to enable the trainee to master the requisite skills. It is imperative that in our investigation, validation methodologies, rating scales, and statistical tools be rigorously and accurately employed lest we be led astray by acceptance and assumption too freely given. The measure of our effectiveness will be whether or not patients enjoy improved outcomes and experience a reduction in surgical errors and complications.
Nonparametric Frequency Detection and Optimal Coding in Molecular Biology

The concept of spectral envelope for analyzing periodicities in categorical-valued time series was introduced in the statistics literature as a computationally simple and general statistical methodology for the harmonic analysis and scaling of non-numeric sequences. One benefit of this technique is that it combines nonparametric statistical analysis with modern computer power to quickly search for diagnostic patterns within long sequences. An interesting area of application is the nucleosome positioning signals and optimal alphabets in long DNA sequences. The examples focus on period lengths in nucleosome signals and optimal alphabets in herpesviruses and we point out some inconsistencies in established gene segments.
Addressing the Employment Needs of Persons with Physical Disabilities

In 1873, Dostoevsky wrote, “Originality and the feeling of one’s own dignity are achieved only through work and struggle” (cited in Lee, 1999). The need to be engaged in meaningful activity, whether for survival, self-esteem, or self-transcendence, is nearly as old as humankind itself. Similarly, President Clinton (cited in Rasco, 1996, p. 10) said, “I do not believe we can repair the basic fabric of society until all people who are willing to work have work. Work organizes life. It gives structure and discipline to life.” Thus, work is an “organizing principle” by which we perceive, think about, and plan our activities. According to the U.S. Census Bureau (1997), approximately one American in five has some kind of disability, and one in 10 has a severe disability. Using data from a October 1994–January 1995 survey, the Census Bureau goes on to state that in the prime employable years (21–64), 82% of people without disability had a job or business, while 77% of those with a non-severe disability, and only 26% of persons with severe disability held employment. Furthermore, the 1990 census tables (U.S. Census Bureau, 1999) give these data about civilian, non-institutionalized persons between the ages of 16 and 64: (1) 10.4% have a work disability, mobility limitation, or self-care limitation, with 8.2% having a work disability; (2) 24.3–31.2% of those with a work disability live below the poverty level; (3) 39.3% of those with a work disability are in the labor force, while only 34.1% are employed. This chapter is an examination of the mental health implications of physical disability, especially as they relate to return-to-work, new employment, and career directions for persons with physical disabilities. The integration of rehabilitation and mental health practices will be
Optical nutation in an optically thick and inhomogeneously broadened atomic ensemble

Optical nutation has been used as an important spectroscopic tool to study the interaction between atoms and coherent light. It is based on the fact that the input pulse area needed to reach the first nutation peak is a constant value that only depends on the transverse mode of the optical beam. The interaction strength in terms of Rabi frequency can be measured directly from the time to reach the first nutation peak. However, the assumption of constant pulse area is only valid in the limit of the optically thin media, while optically thick media are of great interest for applications in classical and quantum information storage and processing. This paper studies the behavior of optical nutation in optically thick media through theoretical simulation and experiments in rare-earth atomic ensembles doped in a crystal lattice. A simple formula for the input pulse area as a function of the absorption length has been found, which covers optically thick media and is consistent with the value given by the low absorption limit.
The IBA Model in The Pt-Os Region

It is shown that 196pt is an excellent empirical manifestation of the newly proposed, and heretofore unobserved, 0(6) symmetry of the Interacting Boson Approximation Model. Further, with this as a starting point, a new, simpler, interpretation is possible of the complex Pt-Os transition region as initiating an 0(6) → rotor (SU(3)) transition.
After the Fall: A New Framework to Regulate 'Too Big to Fail' Non-Bank Financial Institutions

The goal of any financial regulatory system should be to enable well-functioning markets, which includes reducing the impact and frequency of financial institution failures that cause systemic risk. Any regulatory structure, however, inevitably involves tradeoffs. A policy that effectively reduces systemic risk and its associated costs might also increase moral hazard. Similarly, a policy that seeks to reduce moral hazard and maintain market discipline - for example, by allowing a large interconnected institution such as Lehman to fail - might also create uncertainty, which can harm markets by creating panic.In this Note I argue that our current regulatory structure is sub-optimal in its regulation of systemic risk. A different regulatory structure could do a better job of reducing the systemic risk caused by failing non-bank financial institutions while minimizing the attendant problems caused by the regulations themselves: moral hazard and uncertainty. New regulation could strike a superior balance by establishing more stringent ex ante prudential regulations of systemically important non-bank financial institutions aimed at curbing excessive risk-taking and by implementing a regulatory process to resolve the failure of such institutions. The Obama administration has proposed regulatory reform that endorses such beneficial changes, but certain details in the proposal fall short. Instead, I propose specific modifications to the administration’s proposal to produce a more optimal regulatory framework. By examining and pinpointing the strengths and weaknesses of the administration’s proposal, I formulate a regulatory framework that more effectively contains systemic risk without increasing moral hazard and while reducing excessive uncertainty caused by the regulation.
Toward botnet mesocosms

An in-depth understanding of botnet behavior is a precursor to building effective defenses against this serious and growing threat. In this paper we describe our initial steps toward building a flexible and scalable laboratory testbed for experiments with bots and botnets. Our Botnet Evaluation Environment (BEE) is designed to enable individual bots or networks of up to thousands of bots to be tested in a secure, self-contained framework. BEE is being developed as a toolkit for Emulab-enabled network testbeds; a design choice made to obviate the need for building user/experiment management functions and to enable access to collections of computing hosts. The focus of our implementation efforts has been on building a library of OS/Bot images that can be run on individual systems or on virtual machines. The library currently includes images generated from source code of four well known bots (Agobot, GTbot, Spybot, SDbot) and from binary code for several unknown bots, and a number of Windows OS variants. BEE also includes a set of services that are required for botnets including DHCP, DynDNS, and IRC, as well as other tools that are useful for botnet measurement and evaluation such as VM monitors and honeypots. To demonstrate the utility of BEE, we describe a simple set of tests that characterizes command and control traffic from three different botnet configurations.
Percents: Developing Meaning through Models.

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On the Induction of Cascading Failures in Transportation Networks

We examine the effect of malicious attacks in disrupting optimal routing algorithms for transportation networks. We model traffic networks using the cell transmission model, which is a spatiotemporal discretization of kinematic wave equations. Here, vehicles are modeled as masses and roads as cells, and traffic flow is subject to conservation of mass and capacity constraints. At time zero a resource-constrained malicious agent reduces the capacities of cells so as to maximize the amount of time mass spends in the network. For the resulting set of capacities the network router then solves a linear program to determine the flow configuration that minimizes the amount of time mass spends in the network. Our model allows for the outright or partial failure of road cells at time zero, the effects of which can cause cascading failure in the network due to irreversible blockages resulting from congestion. This two-player problem is written as a max-min optimization and is reformulated to an equivalent nonconvex optimization problem with a bilinear objective and linear constraints. Linearization techniques are applied to the optimization problem to find local solutions. Analyzing illustrative examples shows that attackers with relatively small resource budgets can cause widespread failure in a traffic network.
A simple and efficient method for the preparation of pyridine-N-oxides II

Abstract Oxidation of pyridines with bis(trimethylsilyl)peroxide in the presence of catalytic amounts of inorganic rhenium derivatives gives high yields of their analytically pure N-oxides by simple work-ups, typically a filtration or a Kugelrohr distillation.
Rainbow Turán Problems for Paths and Forests of Stars

For a fixed graph $F$, we would like to determine the maximum number of edges in a properly edge-colored graph on $n$ vertices which does not contain a rainbow copy of $F$, that is, a copy of $F$ all of whose edges receive a different color. This maximum, denoted by $ex^*(n,F)$, is the rainbow Tur a n number of $F$, and its systematic study was initiated by Keevash, Mubayi, Sudakov and Verstra e te [ Combinatorics, Probability and Computing 16 (2007)]. We determine $ex^*(n,F)$ exactly when $F$ is a forest of stars, and give bounds on $ex^*(n,F)$ when $F$ is a path with $l$ edges, disproving a conjecture in the aforementioned paper for $l=4$.
Pheochromocytomas and Paragangliomas

Pheochromocytomas are rare neuroendocrine tumors. Extra-adrenal lesions arising from the autonomic neural ganglia are termed paraganglioma. Clinical symptoms are common between the adrenal and extra-adrenal forms and are determined by excess secretion of catecholamines. Hypertension is a critical and often dramatic feature of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma, and its most prevalent reported symptom. However, given the rare occurrence of this cancer, in patients undergoing screening for hypertension, the prevalence ranges from 0.1% to 0.6%. Still, patients frequently come to the attention of endocrinologist when pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma is suspected as a secondary cause of hypertension. This article summarizes current clinical approaches in patients with pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma.
Analyzing the Effects of Geometrical and Particle Size Uncertainty in Circulating Fluidized Beds using CPFD Simulation

Linkoping Electronic Conference Proceedings publiceras artiklar som ar vetenskapligt granskade (peer reviewed). Publicering av proceedings sker pa villkoret att konferensen har anknytning till LiU som t.ex. organisator eller redaktor. Artiklarna ar fritt tillgangliga (Open Access). Lisensiert under Creative Commons CC-BY-NC.
Insights from experimental post-thrombotic syndrome and potential for novel therapies

Post-thrombotic syndrome (PTS) is an end stage manifestation of deep vein thrombosis. This is an inherently inflammatory process, with consequent fibrosis. Multiple cellular types are involved, and are likely driven by leukocytes. Herein, we review the current gaps in therapy, and insights from rodent models of venous thrombosis that suggest possible targets to treat and prevent PTS.
C9orf72 arginine-rich dipeptide repeats inhibit UPF1-mediated RNA decay via translational repression

Expansion of an intronic (GGGGCC)n repeat region within the C9orf72 gene is a main cause of familial amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia (c9ALS/FTD). A hallmark of c9ALS/FTD is the accumulation of misprocessed RNAs, which are often targets of cellular RNA surveillance. Here, we show that RNA decay mechanisms involving upstream frameshift 1 (UPF1), including nonsense-mediated decay (NMD), are inhibited in c9ALS/FTD brains and in cultured cells expressing either of two arginine-rich dipeptide repeats (R-DPRs), poly(GR) and poly(PR). Mechanistically, although R-DPRs cause the recruitment of UPF1 to stress granules, stress granule formation is independent of NMD inhibition. Instead, NMD inhibition is primarily a result from global translational repression caused by R-DPRs. Overexpression of UPF1, but none of its NMD-deficient mutants, enhanced the survival of neurons treated by R-DPRs, suggesting that R-DPRs cause neurotoxicity in part by inhibiting cellular RNA surveillance.
Summary of Energy Transfer by Atmospheric and Oceanic Motion

Because the total energy (latent heat plus sensible heat) is more abundant near the Equator both directly from the Sun and from the latent energy released in thunderstorms near and at the ITCZ, weather systems must move this extra energy poleward. Several mechanisms involving advection at various scales, from the planetary scale to the microscale, are responsible for this transfer. At the broadest scale, the general circulation, specifically the meridional components of that circulation, are important. The Hadley Cell and the Polar Cell advect energy from the equatorward edges of these cells poleward. The Rossby waves in the upper troposphere also have a meridional component, especially when amplified. These provide the mechanisms for the net poleward advection of energy in the mid-latitudes. Ocean currents in the form of the global thermohaline circulation and synoptic-scale and mesoscale surface manifestations of it are also important in the advection of energy poleward. Secondary circulations are also important for redistributing extra energy poleward, especially in the mid-latitudes. Specifically, the whirling motion of mid-latitude wave cyclones are important mechanisms for energy transfer. So are semi-permanent, quasi-stationary systems, including the polar cyclones and subtropical anticyclones, which move energy-rich air poleward and energy-poor air equatorward through advection as well. Tropical cyclones pull air upward in a spiraling motion, and outward aloft, through convection, as the entire system migrates poleward until it runs out of energy. Finally, specialized local-scale to synoptic-scale wind systems, including monsoons, are important means of advection. All of the weather systems discussed here are subject to changes initiated by any global temperature change superimposed on natural climatic variability and change.
Stormtime Energetics: Energy Transport Across the Magnetopause in a Global MHD Simulation

Funding Information: This research was funded through NSF grant number 2033563 and as part of the NASA DRIVE Center SOLSTICE (Grant Number 80NSSC20K0600). Publisher Copyright: © Copyright © 2021 Brenner, Pulkkinen, Al Shidi and Toth.
Toward the Next Generation of Galanter-Influenced Scholars: The Influential Reach of a Law-and-Society Founder

To say that Professor Marc Galanter's scholarship is diverse would be a woeful understatement. In his over forty years of writing, Galanter's work has covered topics including (but not limited to) torts, contracts, constitutional law, comparative law, empirical legal studies, the legal profession, legal anthropology, and South Asian studies. With Galanter's scholarship so heavily cited and respected, we see it as only fitting, particularly upon his recently turning seventy-five, to acknowledge his achievements in a symposium that reflects back on the years of his work. Serving as special editors to an issue forthcoming in the Duke Law School journal, Law and Contemporary Problems, we offer here a short essay that briefly summarizes the various works of the contributors participating in this dedication. Our authors provide a set of papers that cover a range of disciplines: law, sociology, political science, anthropology, history, and philosophy. The works embody Galanter's long-held belief that not only should law be studied in an interdisciplinary manner but that it can be instrumentally used by both elites and grassroots activists to effectuate social change. The symposium-contributors also share another connection. Each views her or himself to be a student of Galanter's. Some of these students have been directly mentored by Galanter while at the University of Wisconsin-Madison and have since gone on to academic posts at other institutions. Others are more distance-students who have been influenced either while studying elsewhere or while working as academics at different universities. The common link though is that this cohort is part of the next generation of Galanter-influenced scholars who will be carrying-on the lessons of Galanter's vast scholarship for decades to come.