cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DIRECT DETERMINATION OF THE KINETICS OF OXYGEN DIFFUSION TO THE PHOTOCYTES OF A BIOLUMINESCENT ELATERID LARVA, MEASUREMENT OF GAS- AND AQUEOUS-PHASE DIFFUSIONAL BARRIERS AND MODELLING OF OXYGEN SUPPLY

We describe the development and use of a direct kinetic technique to determine the time taken for oxygen to diffuse from the external environment into the light-producing cells (photocytes) in the prothorax of bioluminescent larvae of Pyrearinus termitilluminans. This was achieved by measuring the time course of the pseudoflash induced through sequential anoxia followed by normoxia. We have also determined the separate times taken for this oxygen diffusion in gaseous and tissue (predominantly aqueous) phases by using helium and nitrogen as the carrier gas. Of the total time taken for diffusion, that in the gas phase required 613+/-136 ms (mean +/- s.e. m., N=5) whilst that in the aqueous phase required 1313+/-187 ms. These values imply pathlengths of diffusion in the gaseous and aqueous phases of 4.80x10(-)(3)+/-0.53x10(-)(3) and 8. 89x10(-)(5)+/-0.61x10(-)(5 )m, respectively. In addition, the pathlength of gas-phase diffusion was used to derive a parameter relating to the tortuosity of the tracheal system. These values, together with those obtained upon bioluminescent oxygen consumption, have been used to model oxygen supply to the photocyte. From these studies, it would also appear that the modulation of tracheolar fluid levels might be a significant mechanism of control of tissue oxygen levels in at least some insects.
On the Existence of Slow Manifolds for Problems with Different Timescales

We consider time dependent systems of partial differential equations (PDE) whose solutions can vary on two different timescales. An example is given by the Navier-Stokes equations for slightly compressible flows. By proper initialization, the fast timescale can be suppressed to any given order; however, this does generally not imply the existence of a slow manifold. Since the PDE solutions are uniformly smooth in space, one can approximate the PDE system by a finite dimensional Galerkin system. Under suitable assumptions, this finite dimensional dynamical system will have a slow manifold.
Optical injection of quantum dash semiconductor lasers at 1550nm for tunable photonic oscillators

In this manuscript, we will theoretically compute and experimentally investigate the dynamics of an optically injected nanostructure laser as a function of the injection strength and the optical detuning frequency. A model describing the optically-injected semiconductor laser is derived in dimensionless format that accounts for the large nonlinear gain component associated with nanostructure semiconductor lasers through the gain coefficient's derivative with respect to perturbations in the carrier and photon density. The nonlinear gain (carrier) relaxation rate and gain compression coefficient account for the perturbation in the slave laser's photon density, and are theoretically shown to have a strong impact on the level of stability exhibited by the optically-injected laser. The theoretical model is experimentally verified through the optical-injection of a quantum-dash Fabry-Perot laser at an operating wavelength of 1550 nm. The quantum-dash laser's large damping rate and sufficiently small linewidth enhancement factor are observed to inhibit period-doubling and chaotic operation under zero frequency-detuning conditions. Additionally, the optically injected quantum-dash laser is found to exhibit a large period-one operational state as the injection strength and the detuning frequency are varied, resulting in a highly tunable microwave frequency in the coupled system's equilibrium state. The enhanced and undamped relaxation oscillations of the period-one state are discussed as a building block for tunable photonic oscillators in various RF photonics applications. Finally a path towards realizing an optically-injected diode laser with a THz resonance frequency will be reviewed.
Salivary Excretion of Lithium: I. Human Parotid and Submaxillary Secretions

The concentration of lithium after oral administration in human parotid saliva, submaxillary saliva, and serum was determined; salivary concentrations were several times that of serum. Lithium in unstimulated saliva was directly proportional to serum concentration; lithium in stimulated parotid saliva tended to be a negative function of flow rate.
A process-oriented framework for acquiring online teaching competencies

As a multidimensional construct which requires multiple competencies, online teaching is forcing universities to rethink traditional faculty roles and competencies. With this consideration in mind, this paper presents a process-oriented framework structured around three sequential non-linear phases: (1) before: preparing, planning, and designing; (2) during: facilitating, interacting, and providing/gathering feedback; and (3) after: reflecting and considering lessons learned. Grounded on existing models and on our experience designing and working with faculty designing and teaching online courses, this framework provides a systemic understanding of the various roles and competencies associated with online teaching. Use of this framework should enable higher education institutions (HEIs) to develop comprehensive and effective faculty development programs, capable of helping faculty create and facilitate effective learning opportunities for all students.
An argument for increasing TCP's initial congestion window

TCP flows start with an initial congestion window of at most four segments or approximately 4KB of data. Because most Web transactions are short-lived, the initial congestion window is a critical TCP parameter in determining how quickly flows can finish. While the global network access speeds increased dramatically on average in the past decade, the standard value of TCP's initial congestion window has remained unchanged.In this paper, we propose to increase TCP's initial congestion window to at least ten segments (about 15KB). Through large-scale Internet experiments, we quantify the latency benefits and costs of using a larger window, as functions of network bandwidth, round-trip time (RTT), bandwidth-delay product (BDP), and nature of applications. We show that the average latency of HTTP responses improved by approximately 10% with the largest benefits being demonstrated in high RTT and BDP networks. The latency of low bandwidth networks also improved by a significant amount in our experiments. The average retransmission rate increased by a modest 0.5%, with most of the increase coming from applications that effectively circumvent TCP's slow start algorithm by using multiple concurrent connections. Based on the results from our experiments, we believe the initial congestion window should be at least ten segments and the same be investigated for standardization by the IETF.
Multi-sensor multi-target tracking with out-of-sequence measurements

In multi-sensor target tracking systems, measurements from the same target can arrive out of sequence, called the out-of-sequence measurements (OOSMs). The resulting problem - how to update the current state estimates with the "old" measurements - has been solved optimally and sub-optimally for one- lag as well as multi-lag OOSM update. In general, the existing algorithms assume perfect target detection and no clutter in the received measurements. The real world has, however, possible missed target detection and ran- dom clutter in the possible OOSMs and thus the filter has to handle the measurement origin uncertainty. In this paper, we incorporate the probabilistic data asso- ciation (PDA) into the two OOSM update algorithms ALG-I and ALG-11 proposed previously. We present the algorithms ALG-I and ALG-11 in new forms with economic storage and efficient computation based on the nonsingularity assumption of some special matri- ces. Simulation results show that PDA with the two OOSM update algorithms have compatible RMS errors to the in-sequence PDA filter.
Lagrangian statistics from direct numerical simulations of isotropic turbulence

A comprehensive study is reported of the Lagrangian statistics of velocity, acceleration, dissipation and related quantities, in isotropic turbulence. High-resolution direct numerical simulations are performed on 643 and 1283 grids, resulting in Taylor-scale Reynolds numbers Rλ in the range 38-93. The low-wavenumber modes of the velocity field are forced so that the turbulence is statistically stationary. Using an accurate numerical scheme, of order 4000 fluid particles are tracked through the computed flow field, and hence time series of Lagrangian velocity and velocity gradients are obtained.The results reported include: velocity and acceleration autocorrelations and spectra; probability density functions (p.d.f.'s) and moments of Lagrangian velocity increments; and p.d.f.'s, correlation functions and spectra of dissipation and other velocity-gradient invariants. It is found that the acceleration variance (normalized by the Kolmogorov scales) increases as R½λ - a much stronger dependence than predicted by the refined Kolmogorov hypotheses. At small time lags, the Lagrangian velocity increments are distinctly non-Gaussian with, for example, flatness factors in excess of 10. The enstrophy (vorticity squared) is found to be more intermittent than dissipation, having a standard-deviation-to-mean ratio of about 1.5 (compared to 1.0 for dissipation). The acceleration vector rotates on a timescale about twice the Kolmogorov scale, while the timescales of acceleration magnitude, dissipation and enstrophy appear to scale with the Lagrangian velocity timescale.
EXPLORATION, EXPLOITATION AND SATISFACTION IN SUPPLY CHAIN PORTFOLIO STRATEGY

This manuscript addresses a gap in the supply chain literature by shedding light on firm satisfaction from a cooperative relationship portfolio perspective by examining the impact of a partner's choice of an exploration or exploitation relationship strategy. In doing so we examine the impacts of relational exploration (equity investments, export management, joint ventures, licensing agreements, long-term marketing agreements, new product R&D agreements) and exploitation strategies (JIT alliances, TQM alliances, CPFR, MRP/ERP alliances, process R&D agreements) on small to midsized enterprises. Results support the proposition that firm satisfaction with alliance usage is positively associated with the proportion of exploration oriented agreements in a firm's relationship portfolio, especially for firms in environments characterized by low levels of environmental hostility. However, when environmental hostility is high, the proportion of exploitation oriented relationships in a firm's portfolio is positively associated with the firm's satisfaction with alliance usage. We conclude with multiple directions for future research.
Microwave generation with low residual phase noise from a femtosecond fiber laser with an intracavity EOM

A femtosecond fiber laser with an intracavity electro-optic modulator is phase-locked to a high-finesse cavity through two cw transfer lasers. The residual phase noise at the 300 MHz harmonic is −126 dBc/Hz at 1 Hz. Work of the U.S.
How Bad is Suboptimal Rate Allocation

Not too bad. A rate allocation that is suboptimal with respect to a utility maximization formulation still maintains the maximum flow-level stability when the utility gap is sufficiently small, and provides a minimum size of stability region otherwise. Utility-suboptimal allocation may also enhance other network performance metrics, e.g., it may increase network throughput and reduce link saturation. Quantifying these intuitions, this paper provides a theoretical support for turning attention from optimal but complex solutions of network optimization to those that are simple even though suboptimal.
TOWARD UNDERSTANDING JOINT VENTURE PERFORMANCE AND SURVIVAL: A BARGAINING AND INFLUENCE APPROACH TO TRANSACTION COST THEORY

The author posits that the joint venture (JV) form of governance imposes a greater burden of bargaining and political influence costs than is present in a hierarchy. The JV's incremental costs derive from shared sovereignty and incomplete contracting. The magnitude of those costs is related to parental differences, factionalism, and task interdependence in the top management team (TMT), and dynamism in the task environment. The costs are argued to undermine the quality of TMT decision making, thereby negatively affecting organizational adaptation, performance, and survival.
Studies of adrenal nucleic acids: the influence of ACTH, unilateral adrenalectomy and growth hormone upon adrenal RNA and DNA in the dog.

Ribonueleic acid (RNA) was shown to be increased in. the canine adrenal cortex after in vivo ACTH administration; the greatest RNA increase was in the microsomal fraction. The gain in size and weight of the adrenal gland after ACTH was not accompanied by a significant change in desoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), indicating that cell hypertrophy rather than cell proliferation had taken place. After growth hormone administration or unilateral adrenaleetomy, adrenal gland DNA increased; increase in adrenal RNA was much less than after ACTH. Growth hormone and unilateral adrenaleetomy, then, had a corticotropic influence qualitatively dissimilar to ACTH.
Do Patient Characteristics Explain the Differences in Outcome Between Medically Treated Patients in SAMMPRIS and WASID

Background and Purpose—The Stenting and Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis (SAMMPRIS) medical group had a much lower primary end point rate than predicted from the preceding Warfarin Aspirin Symptomatic Intracranial Disease (WASID) trial. This result has been attributed to the aggressive medical therapy used in SAMMPRIS, but an alternative hypothesis is that SAMMPRIS patients were at lower risk. We undertook analyses to evaluate these competing hypotheses. Methods—Using proportional hazards regression, we compared the SAMMPRIS primary end point between SAMMPRIS medical patients and WASID patients meeting the same qualifying criteria adjusted for confounding baseline characteristics. Results—The unadjusted comparison of the SAMMPRIS primary end point showed a significantly higher risk for WASID patients (P=0.009, logrank test) with 12 month Kaplan–Meier estimates of 21.9% in WASID and 12.6% in SAMMPRIS and hazard ratio 1.9 (95% confidence interval =1.2–3....
A Small Molecule Primes Embryonic Stem Cells for Differentiation

Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) are an attractive source of cells for disease modeling in vitro and may eventually provide access to cells/tissues for the treatment of many degenerative diseases. However, applications of ESC-derived cell types are largely hindered by the lack of highly efficient methods for lineage-specific differentiation. Using a high-content screen, we have identified a small molecule, named stauprimide, that increases the efficiency of the directed differentiation of mouse and human ESCs in synergy with defined extracellular signaling cues. Affinity-based methods revealed that stauprimide interacts with NME2 and inhibits its nuclear localization. This, in turn, leads to downregulation of c-Myc, a key regulator of the pluripotent state. Thus, our findings identify a chemical tool that primes ESCs for efficient differentiation through a mechanism that affects c-Myc expression, and this study points to an important role for NME2 in ESC self-renewal.
Predictions for increasing confidence in the reliability of safety critical software

We show how residual faults and failures and time to next failure can be used in combination to assist in assuring the safety of the software in safety critical systems like the NASA Space Shuttle Primary Avionics Software System.
Application of cultured human myeloid cells (k562) for detection of immune complexes in human sera

Cultured human myeloid cells (K562) are known to bear Fc receptors that bind with aggregated human IgG (AHG). These cells were used to develop a radiometric assay for detection and quantitation of immune complexes (IC) in human sera. The binding of AHG or in vitro-formed IC between keyhole lympet hemocyanin (KLH) and human anti-KLH to the K562 cells did not require complement. When the K562 radiometric assay was compared to the complement-consumption assay, the K562 radiometric assay could detect IC over a wider range of antibodytantigen ratios. The incidence and mean IC values detected by the K562 radiometric assay in sera from cancer patients and patients with connective tissue diseases (498 ± 445 and 436 ± 209 μg AHG equ/ml, respectively) were significantly higher than in sera from healthy volunteers (107 ± 62 μg AHG equ/ml). The IC level among sera from cancer patients ranged from 1-3200 μg AHG equ/ml. Studies with a limited number of sera from melanoma and sarcoma patients revealed that the mean IC v...
The Effects of Initial Location, Aspirations, and Resources on Likelihood of First Sale in Nascent Firms*

The formation of a new venture includes initial choices that affect the process of start-up. Primary among these decisions is the choice of location whether to start from home or from an away location. This paper examines the impact of initial firm location choices and aspirations of the entrepreneur on the resource assembly process and the likelihood of first sale. Results show that home-based businesses assemble different types of resources from their away-based counterparts. Higher aspirations were associated with greater accumulation of organizational resources. The combined influence of location and aspirations showed that home-based firms with high aspirations were less likely to achieve first sale. A post hoc analysis examined these affects within a subgroup of service firms and confirmed the previous results. This study suggests that in the initial stages of the new venture, there are processes and routines that home-based businesses engage in that lead them to achieve first sales in a timelier manner than those businesses that are located away from home. Furthermore, high aspirations are associated with greater scale of organizational resources but not necessarily with achievement of sales. Implications are discussed.
Criteria for Clinically Relevant Weakness and Low Lean Mass and Their Longitudinal Association With Incident Mobility Impairment and Mortality: The Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) Sarcopenia Project

Results. Low grip strength (men: odds ratio (OR) = 2.31, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.34-3.99; women: OR = 1.99, 95% CI 1.23-3.21), low grip strength-to-BMI ratio (men: OR = 3.28, 95% CI 1.92-5.59; women: OR = 2.54, 95% CI 1.10-5.83) and low ALM-to-BMI ratio (men: OR = 1.58, 95% CI 1.12-2.25; women: OR = 1.81, 95% CI 1.14-2.87), but not low ALM, were associated with increased likelihood for incident mobility impairment. Weakness increased likelihood of mobility impairment regardless of low lean mass. Mortality risk patterns were inconsistent. Conclusions. These findings support our cut-points for low grip strength and low ALM-to-BMI ratio as candidate criteria for clinically relevant weakness and low lean mass. Further validation in other populations and for alternate relevant outcomes is needed.
The block to membrane fusion differs with the site of ligand insertion in modified retroviral envelope proteins.

Efforts to achieve cell type-specific transduction of retroviral vectors for gene therapy have centred on modification of the envelope protein (Env). Typically, addition of a ligand to Env gives binding to the new or target receptor, but little or no infection, and affects the subunit association of the modified Env. We previously discovered two point mutations that increase targeted infection by over 1000-fold when added to an Env modified by N-terminal insertion of the receptor-binding domain from amphotropic murine leukemia virus Env. Here, we asked whether these mutations would similarly increase transduction by Env modified with a clinically relevant ligand, human interleukin-13 (IL-13L). Addition of the point mutations stabilized the weak subunit association observed in some IL-13L-modified Env proteins, but infection via the target IL-13 receptor still did not occur. Fluorescence-based cell–cell fusion assays and studies with a membrane-curving agent revealed that defects in membrane fusion differed with the site of ligand insertion. When IL-13 was inserted into the N terminus of Env, membrane fusion was blocked prior to membrane-lipid mixing, regardless of whether flanking flexible linkers were added. Unexpectedly, insertion of IL-13 in the proline-rich region showed evidence of initiation of fusion and fusion-peptide exposure, but fusion was blocked at a subsequent step prior to fusion-pore formation. Thus, the site of ligand insertion influenced initiation of membrane fusion and its progression. These observations suggest that a novel site for ligand insertion must be identified before clinically useful targeted transduction will be achieved.
SRC Holdings: Winning The Game While Sharing The Prize

In 1981 Jack Stack, SRC’s current chief executive officer (CEO), was sent to Springfield, Missouri, by his employer, International Harvester (IH), to see if there was any hope of saving the small remanufacturing plant located there. Increased global competition, particularly from Japan, and the poor performance of the US economy had wreaked havoc on many US manufacturing firms across a wide range of industries. IH had been particularly hard-hit, laying off thousands of employees and closing plants all over the United States. As Stack recalls “We [IH] closed 17 factories in a two-year period of time. We laid off 1000 people a week for two years … we went from 115,000 people down to 11,000 people in 1981-82.”
The Effect of the National Wildlife Federation's Schoolyard Habitat Program on Fourth Grade Students' Standardized Test Scores

ADDITIONAL INDEX WORDS. academic achievement, elementary students, integrated curriculum SUMMARY. The purpose of this study was to determine if participation in the National Wildlife Federation’s Schoolyard Habitat Program (SYHP) had an effect on the standardized test scores of fourth grade primary school students in Houston, Texas. To conduct the study, three pairs of Houston elementary schools were matched by student demographics of ethnicity and economics. The treatment group included a total of 306 fourth grade students whose teachers were using the SYHP. The control group consisted of a total of 108 fourth grade students whose teachers used a more traditional curriculum. To measure academic achievement, changes in standardized test scores (Texas Assessment of Knowledge and Skills) were compared between students’ third grade data and their fourth grade data. Results showed that those students participating in the SYHP had significantly increased math scores when compared with peers in schools that were taught using a more traditional curriculum. However, overall, few differences were found in comparisons of reading scores of those students taught with SYHP and those taught using a more traditional curriculum.
Charge pump architecture with reduced medium and high frequency noise

The charge pump circuit is a crucial building block of most analog phase synthesizers. Furthermore, it's noise usually dominates the synthesizer's in-band phase noise and can also degrade the out-of-band phase noise due to insufficient suppression. In this paper we present a simple modification to a differential current steering charge pump, without the use of op-amps, which inherently suppress the out-of-band noise by more then 10 dB, allowing simpler and more robust synthesizer architecture.
Abstract 165: In-hospital Serum HbA1c and Glucose Levels and 30-Day Hospital Readmissions Among Adults Hospitalized with an Acute Coronary Syndrome: TRACE-CORE

Objective: Abnormalities in glucose metabolism may worsen the prognosis of patients hospitalized with an acute coronary syndrome (ACS). We examined the association of in-hospital serum glucose and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels with the occurrence of 30-day hospital readmissions among adults discharged from the hospital after an ACS. Methods: Using data from the Transitions, Risks, and Action in Coronary Events - Center for Outcomes Research and Education (TRACE-CORE) study, we reviewed the medical records of 2,187 patients discharged from 6 hospitals in MA and GA after an ACS between 2011 and 2013. We stratified patients according to diabetes mellitus (DM) status at baseline, as defined by medical history of DM, admission medications, or a serum HbA1c > 6.5%. Using logistic regression models, we calculated crude and adjusted odds ratios to estimate the association between serum HbA1c and glucose levels during hospitalization with 30-day all-cause readmissions. We controlled for prior and inpatient insulin use, age, body mass index, ACS classification, length of stay, and hospital site. Results: Data on serum HbA1c and glucose levels were available for 1,102 (50%) participants. This study sample had a mean age of 60 (SD: 11) years, 68% were male, 77% were non-Hispanic white, and 52% had DM. The mean in-hospital serum HbA1c and maximum and minimum serum glucose levels were 8.2%, 277 mg/dL, and 101 mg/dL, respectively, for those with known DM (n = 526) and 5.7%, 155 mg/dL, and 92 mg/dL for those without known DM (n = 576). A higher, but non-significant, proportion of patients with DM (14%) were readmitted to an area medical center within 30 days of discharge compared to those without DM (11%, p = 0.27). Neither serum HbA1c levels, nor minimum or maximum glucose values during hospitalization were associated with all-cause 30-day readmissions among those with and without DM (Table). Conclusions: In this prospective study of adults with an ACS, we found no significant association between serum HbA1c or glucose levels with the occurrence of 30-day hospital readmissions. The low proportion of subjects with serum HbA1c testing may have biased the study results. Further investigation should examine the in-hospital management of ACS patients with varying serum glucose and HBA1C levels and their post-discharge outcomes. ![][1] [1]: /embed/graphic-1.gif
"Can I Feel Better Even If I Can't Remember?" Helping Clients With Incomplete Memories

Clients may request therapy for symptoms that resemble those for sexual abuse survivors, although they have sketchy or no memories for abuse. "Recovered memory" therapy has been the subject of considerable controversy and legal debate. There are still many other options for treating the clients distress without using "memory recovery" techniques. Goals, skills, and techniques for working with these clients are presented here.
Abstract 2022: Wnt ligands are overexpressed in murine mammary tumors in BK5.ATF3 transgenic mice

Proceedings: AACR 102nd Annual Meeting 2011‐‐ Apr 2‐6, 2011; Orlando, FL The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway is up-regulated in mammary tumors that arise with 70% incidence in parous female BK5.ATF3 transgenic mice. Nuclear accumulation of β-catenin is seen in both basal and supra-basal tumor cells in this model, whereas nuclear expression of the transcription factor ATF3 is only seen in the basal cell layer of the tumors. If ATF3 acted as a positive regulator of one or more Wnt ligands in the basal cells, one might expect paracrine upregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in neighboring supra-basal cells. To test this, we measured mRNA expression levels for 9 Wnt genes in BK5.ATF3 induced mammary tumors and normal mammary glands. The genes for five known positive acting Wnt ligands, Wnt3, Wnt3a, Wnt5a, Wnt7b, and Wnt10b, were significantly upregulated in tumors as compared to transgenic mammary glands. One of these, Wnt3, was significantly down-regulated in non-transgenic glands. In a mouse mammary tumor cell line, EMT6, in which the endogenous Atf3 gene is overexpressed, the only Wnt gene for which expression could be detected by qPCR was Wnt7b. ChIP assays demonstrated binding of both Atf3 and Jun proteins to two putative AP-1 sites upstream of the Wnt7b transcription start site in these cells. ATF3 and JUN are known in other systems to form heterodimers that exhibit positive transactivation through AP-1 sites, and we have identified a physical interaction between ATF3 and JUN in BK5.ATF3-induced tumors. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 102nd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2011 Apr 2-6; Orlando, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2011;71(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2022. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2011-2022
Utility of Musical Mnemonics

The results of an investigation reported in 1990 by Chazin and Neuschatz are discussed with respect to the mnemonic value of music as compared with other means of facilitating the recall of associative information. Suggestions are made for further examination of musical mnemonics.
Fundamental Vibrational Frequencies and Spectroscopic Constants of cis- and trans-HOCS, HSCO, and Isotopologues via Quartic Force Fields

Highly accurate, coupled-cluster-based quartic force fields (QFFs) have been employed recently to provide spectroscopic reference for a myriad of molecules. Here, we are extending the same approach to provide vibrational and rotational spectroscopic reference data for the sulfur analogues of HOCO, HSCO, and HOCS, in both the cis and trans conformations as well as the D and 34S isotopologues of each system. The resulting energies corroborate previous computations showing that trans-HSCO is the lowest-energy isomer for this system. The vibrational frequencies are computed with both second-order vibrational perturbation theory (VPT2) and vibrational configuration interaction (VCI) methods. The VPT2 and VCI QFF frequencies largely agree with one another to better than 5.0 cm–1 (often better than 1.0 cm–1) and are also consistent with the type of behavior exhibited in previous studies. As such, the reference data provided here should assist in analysis of environments in which these sulfur systems may be found...
An Experimental Investigation on the Wake Characteristics of a Wind Turbine in an Atmospheric Boundary Layer Wind

An experimental study is conducted to characterize the dynamic wind loads and evolution of the turbulent vortex and flow structures in the wake of a horizontal axis wind turbine (HAWT). In addition to measuring dynamic wind loads (both aerodynamic forces and moments) acting on a wind turbine model, a high-resolution Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) system was used to make “free-run” and phase-locked flow field measurements to quantify the time evolution of the turbulence vortex and flow structures in the wake of the wind turbine model. The detailed flow field measurements were correlated with the dynamic wind load measurements to elucidate the underlying physics associated with power generation and fatigue loads acting on wind turbines operating in an atmospheric boundary wind.
Synthesis and Performance Evaluation of Bimetallic Lithium Borohydrides as Hydrogen Storage Media

Borohydrides, such as LiBH4, have been studied as candidates for hydrogen storage for their high hydrogen contents. However, the high dehydriding temperature and irreversibility prevent them from practical application. Attempting to overcome the hardening, several bimetallic borohydrides were synthesized using wet chemistry, high pressure reactive ball milling, and sintering processes. The investigation found that the thermodynamic stability indicated by dehydriding temperature was reduced considerably and the dehydrided bimetallic borohydrides reabsorbed some of hydrogen released, but the full rehydrogenation is still a challenge. Due to the hydrogen inert intermediates formed during dehydrogenation, the long-term reversibility of bimetallic borohydrides is uncertain.
Analysis on the major causes of death and PYLL of residents on island of Daishan county in 2009-2011

Objective To analyze the major causes of death and potential years of life lost(PYLL)of residents living on island of Daishan county in Zhejiang province.Methods Data from the death registry system in Daishan County from 2009 to 2011 were analyzed based on the calculation of death rate,life expectancy,death cause-excluded life expectancy,potential years of life lost(PYLL)and PYLL rate.Results The overall death rate of residents was 761.01 with the standardized death rate of 379.34 per 100 thousands population.The mortality was higher in male than in female(χ2 = 70.32,P0.01).The top five causes of death were malignant tumors,respiratory diseases,cerebrovascular diseases,heart diseases,injuries and poisoning.The average life expectancy of the residents was 79.31 years,and 3.65,2.86,2.27,1.41 and 1.37 years could be added respectively to it with the removal of the above top five death causes.However,the top five causes of PYLL were malignant tumors,injuries and poisoning,cerebrovascular diseases,cardiovascular diseases and respiratory diseases,which accounted for 86.50% of the total PYLL.Compared with the causes of death,injuries and poisoning was up to the second from the fifth and respiratory diseases was down to the fifth from the second.The causes of the average PYLL were injuries and poisoning,malignant tumors,cardiovascular diseases,cerebrovascular diseases and respiratory diseases.Conclusions The predominant causes of death among residents of Daishan county are chronic non-infectious diseases,while,injuries,poisoning and malignant tumors are the major causes of younger population.Therefore,appropriate interventions and effective strategy should be adopted based on death causes of residents in Taishan.
Dispelling the myths of pregnancy-associated breast cancer.

Purpose/objectives To examine some of the common beliefs about pregnancy-associated breast cancer. Data sources Published articles, book chapters, and colleague experience. Data synthesis Eight myths regarding pregnancy-associated breast cancer are identified and contrasted with published data. Current recommendations are provided regarding prognosis, diagnostic and staging procedures, general anesthesia, breast conservation, chemotherapy, pregnancy termination, risk of fetal metastasis, and subsequent pregnancy. Conclusions Most common beliefs about pregnancy-associated breast cancer are not supported by available evidence. Implications for nursing practice Emphasizing the importance of screening during pregnancy and of educating women and their partners so that they can make informed decisions following diagnosis.
Genetic diversity analysis of avocado (Persea americana Miller) rootstocks selected under greenhouse conditions for tolerance to phytophthora root rot caused by Phytophthora cinnamomi

Phytophthora cinnamomi, the causal agent of Phytophthora Root Rot (PRR) of avocado, is the most serious disease of avocado worldwide. The development of tolerant rootstocks to control PRR has proven to be an effective means to control the disease. However, using traditional breeding approaches can take over a decade to produce results and there has been a limited use to integrate molecular data into breeding efforts. Therefore, the objective of this work was to use amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) to genetically characterize greenhouse selected PRR tolerant rootstocks, some that had been field-tested and others that had not. Sixty-one polymorphic markers were identified among the 83 cultivars/selections tested. Based on UPGMA analysis, extensive genotypic diversity was found with the closest genotypes differing by six markers. No obvious trends were observed based on the cluster analysis with regards to known tolerant and susceptible rootstocks but rootstocks that have been field-tested and determined to be very tolerant rootstocks such as Latas, Dusa, PP14 (Uzi), PP4 (Zentmyer), and PP24 (Steddom) were distributed across the tree. This suggests that the same mechanisms for resistance may not be shared among these various selections. Therefore, these best-performing and most genetically diverse rootstocks will be combined in future breeding efforts to potentially pyramid diverse sources of resistance into future selections.
Anion Recognition Using Boronate-Ureas

Neutral receptors for anions have been recently reported by several research groups.1 The primary inspiration for our acetate receptor came from a study by Etter and coworkers, who discovered that diarylurea derivatives with electron withdrawing groups in the meta positions were exceptionally good at forming 1:1 crystalline complexes with hydrogen bond acceptors.2 Isomeric derivatives with ortho or para substituents did not form such co-crystals. This “meta effect” was attributed to a substituent induced intramolecular C-HiO hydrogen bonding interaction between the carbonyl oxygen and the acidified ortho hydrogens. Such an intramolecular interaction was postulated to weaken the hydrogen bond accepting ability of the urea carbonyl.
What is orgasm? A model of sexual trance and climax via rhythmic entrainment

Orgasm is one of the most intense pleasures attainable to an organism, yet its underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. On the basis of existing literatures, this article introduces a novel mechanistic model of sexual stimulation and orgasm. In doing so, it characterizes the neurophenomenology of sexual trance and climax, describes parallels in dynamics between orgasms and seizures, speculates on possible evolutionary origins of sex differences in orgasmic responding, and proposes avenues for future experimentation. Here, a model is introduced wherein sexual stimulation induces entrainment of coupling mechanical and neuronal oscillatory systems, thus creating synchronized functional networks within which multiple positive feedback processes intersect synergistically to contribute to sexual experience. These processes generate states of deepening sensory absorption and trance, potentially culminating in climax if critical thresholds are surpassed. The centrality of rhythmic stimulation (and its modulation by salience) for surpassing these thresholds suggests ways in which differential orgasmic responding between individuals—or with different partners—may serve as a mechanism for ensuring adaptive mate choice. Because the production of rhythmic stimulation combines honest indicators of fitness with cues relating to potential for investment, differential orgasmic response may serve to influence the probability of continued sexual encounters with specific mates. Keywords: rhythms; sex; neural entrainment; trance; orgasm; evolution; mate choice (Published: 25 October 2016) Citation: Socioaffective Neuroscience & Psychology 2016, 6 : 31763 - http://dx.doi.org/10.3402/snp.v6.31763 This paper is part of the Special Issue: Orgasm: Neurophysiological, Psychological, and Evolutionary Perspectives . More papers from this issue can be found at www.socioaffectiveneuroscipsychol.net
Applying Existential Philosophy and Popular Culture Images to Ethics: The Case for Fullmetal Alchemist

Japanese animated series Fullmetal Alchemist provides a scheme to begin organizing and discussing the often-implicit questions that have existed and continue to exist among discussions of ethics in Public Administration. Pairing this scheme with the work of Jaspers (1955, 1971) affords the opportunity for scholars and practitioners to understand, visualize, and potentially reconcile these phenomena under an established philosophical umbrella. Additionally, this pairing demonstrates a valuable pedagogical tool for both scholars and their students of administrative ethics.
Using initial, derived, and terminal credibility to help students understand how they are perceived by others

Courses: Public Speaking, Interpersonal Communication, Organizational Communication, Introduction to Communication Studies, Business CommunicationObjectives: The goal for this activity is not only ...
Financial Regulators and the Gateway to Financial Inclusion

About 2.7bn people in the world rely on cash, physical assets and informal services to manage their financial lives. This could change thanks to initiatives encouraged by the G20, such as the guidance paper on financial inclusion released last June by the Financial Action Task Force (FATF). The report recognizes that the predominance of cash undermines financial integrity, and it clarifies how to interpret some of the standards set by FATF. The challenge for the G20, global standard setters and financial services regulators, is to figure out how to concretely help those 2.7bn people access formal financial services, in particular in the developing countries where the vast majority live. A safe bet could be to facilitate account opening.
Erratum: Non-invasive assessment of human cone photoreceptor function: erratum.

We present an erratum to correct an inadvertent error in our paper: “Non-invasive assessment of human cone photoreceptor function” [Biomed. Opt. Express8, 5098 (2017)].
The Role of Language in a Journalistic Interpretive Community: Building on Indonesia’s “biggest scoop ever”

Drawing on anniversary-edition articles and interviews with journalists at Jakarta Post, Indonesia’s largest English-language news outlet, we argue that language of publication directly informs the...
Enuresis in Child Psychiatric Practice

Enuresis is a common and distressing finding among children and adolescents. Sometimes urologic pathology is the cause. Knowing when to evaluate the child, how to educate the child and the parents, and when to treat allows the child and adolescent psychiatrist to provide interventions both reassuring and gratifying to the child and to the family.
Trickle: a userland bandwidth shaper for Unix-like systems

As with any finite resource, it is often necessary to apply policies to the shared usage of network resources. Existing solutions typically implement this by employing traffic management in edge routers. However, users of smaller networks regularly find themselves in need of nothing more than ad-hoc rate limiting. Such networks are typically unmanaged, with no network administrator(s) to manage complicated traffic management schemes. Trickle bridges this gap by providing a simple and portable solution to rate limit the TCP connections of a given process or group of processes. Trickle takes advantage of the Unix dynamic loader's preloading functionality to interposition itself in front of the BSD socket API provided by the system's libc. Running entirely in user space, shapes network traffic by delaying and truncating socket I/Os without requiring administrator privileges. Instances of Trickle can cooperate, even across networks allowing for the specification of global rate limiting policies. Due to the prevalence of BSD sockets and dynamic loaders, Trickle enjoys the benefit of portability accross a multitude of Unix-like platforms.
Energy-Economic Measures for Selected Economies of the World, 1960–81

Several analyses relating energy to gross domestic product for selected economies of the world are presented. Not only are individual economies presented but also results for aggregated market, OECD, planned and regional economies. Some estimates are also made for the indirect energy support of economies embodied in trade. The energy to GDP ratio has declined substantially for many economies in the late 1970’s. If one considers embodied energy of trade then the energy efficiency of different, economies takes on a reordering in comparison to a consideration of only direct consumption within an economy.
Is belief revision harder than you thought

Suppose one wishes to construct, use, and maintain a knowledge base (KB) of beliefs about the real world, even though the facts about that world are only partially known. In the AI domain, this problem arises when an agent has a base set of beliefs that reflect partial knowledge about the world, and then tries to incorporate new, possibly contradictory knowledge into this set of beliefs. We choose to represent such a KB as a logical theory, and view the models of the theory as representing possible states of the world that are consistent with the agent's beliefs. How can new information be incorporated into the KB? For example, given the new information that "b or c is true," how can one get rid of all outdated information about b and c, add the new information, and yet in the process not disturb any other information in the KB? The burden may be placed on the user or other omniscient authority to determine exactly what to add and remove from the KB. But what's really needed is a way to specify the desired change intensionally, by stating some well-formed formula that the state of the world is now known to satisfy and letting the KB algorithms automatically accomplish that change. This paper explores a technique for updating KBs containing incomplete extensional information. Our approach embeds the incomplete KB and the incoming information in the language of mathematical logic. We present semantics and algorithms for our operators, and discuss the computational complexity of the algorithms. We show that the incorporation of new information is difficult even without the problems associated with justification of prior conclusions and inferences and identification of outdated inference rules and axioms.
Integrative Therapies in the Management of Critically Ill Patients

The intensive care unit (ICU) is a highly technical environment where providers gravitate toward cutting-edge equipment to cure patients. It is becoming increasingly evident, however, that integrative therapies may be important adjunctive therapies to maximize care and healing of the critically ill patient. With approximately 55,000 patients in the ICU on any given day in the United States, use of integrative therapies is an area that has potential to have significant impact on both outcomes and satisfaction of ICU patients. This chapter will provide a general overview of the four main categories of integrative therapies and a more in-depth review of four selected integrative therapies that are currently in use or being explored in critical care. These therapies include music therapy, early mobility in mechanically ventilated patients, animal-assisted therapy, and the use of probiotics in the prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.
Ecosystem Modeling in Small Subtropical Estuaries and Embayments

Small estuaries and embayments respond to atmospheric, oceanic, and watershed inputs much faster than large regional estuaries. Simulation models of these ecosystems must approximate the timescales of external inputs versus internal response. Tidal creek ecosystem models indicated that biogeochemical processing rates and magnitude were greater with increased water residence time. In some open estuaries, the absence of benthic filter feeders permits proliferation of phytoplankton if physical transport is not too fast. Model results suggest that reestablishment of estuarine oyster beds leads to phytoplankton removal and improved light transparency. Models of small estuaries allow assessment of linkages among inputs, abiotic drivers, and biogeochemical processing under varying watershed management scenarios.
Physician communication and patient understanding of molecular testing of tumors.

e18217Background: Molecular testing is being used with increasing prevalence to diagnose and treat cancer. Novel technical terminology is required to describe this testing to patients; however, it ...