cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparison of mammographic screen-film systems.

In 1973 the DuPont Lo-dose screen-film system was introduced, to offer a lower-dose alternative to direct exposure film mammography and xeromammography (Ostrum et al. 1973; Weiss and Wayrynen 1976). When used with a molybdenum-anode dedicated mammography unit, vigorous breast compression, and proper breast positioning, the resulting images appeared to contain as much diagnostic information as those produced by the established mammographic techniques. As a result, the DuPont Lo-dose system gained acceptance by many mammographers.
Experiential learning within the context of international partnerships and study abroad programs

Experiential learning challenges are magnified when service learning is applied to study abroad courses or an international audience. In these settings, students have to deal with cultural differences, academic nuances and distance learning. Despite these challenges, Michigan State University is one of the top US universities when it comes to commitment and participation in international programs. This paper is a reflection on international cooperation programs that are focused on experiential learning and service based activities, designed to enhance students’ theoretical understanding of planning. This paper discusses study abroad as a strategy for fostering partnerships, linking scholarship with practice, linking teaching, research, and outreach through active learning.
Outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae

Several outer membrane proteins of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae are potential vaccine candidates: P2 and P6 elicit antibodies that are bactericidal and protective in experimental models of infection. Other proteins are being investigated. A group of surface-exposed high-molecular-weight proteins that are major targets of antibody in human convalescent sera were identified. Monoclonal antibodies to the high-molecular-weight proteins of a prototype strain recognized two distinct but related proteins and were bactericidal for the prototype strain and other strains that shared the epitope recognized by the monoclonals. Genes encoding the two proteins in the prototype strain recognized by the monoclonals were cloned and sequenced. The sequences were distinct but related, and the derived amino acid sequences had sequence similarity to that of filamentous hemagglutinin of Bordetella pertussis, an important adherence factor and protective antigen.
High Resolution Central Scheme with Dominant Wave Dissipation for Cell Centered Unstructured Meshes

A cell centered high resolution scheme with the dissipation term based on dominant wave approach is examined here. A simplied dominant eigenvalue expression based on the momentum equations together with low Mach number precondtioning is introduced. The dominant wave scheme was implemented in the unstructured cell centered framework capable of supporting polyhedral meshes. Second order of accuracy is achieved by using slope limiters for the primitive data reconstructed at the nite volume cell faces. The main advantage of the scheme is the resulting simplied dissipation term that does not require computation of eigenvectors while retaining the high resolution capabilities. It is shown that the dominant wave scheme has similar resolution to the ux dierence upwind scheme based on the Roe Riemann solver. In addition, the dominant wave scheme has similar resolution characteristics compared to other central schemes such as the Kurganov-Tadmor scheme, and comparison to the HLLC scheme showed similar resolution capabilities. A number of computational tests in 1D, 2D and 3D are performed in order to assess the resolution capabilities of the scheme.
Past Five Years Follow-up Study of Our Surgical Treatment of the Lumbar Disc Lesions

There are 105 surgically operated cases in our clinic for the lumbar disc lesions between the period of '68 to '73; these are observed for four to sixty two months and reported the end-result datum.Our surgical techniques are osteoplastic partial facetolaminectomy (Kondo's method) and replaced lamina fixation with the screw nail (Teshima's method). Our laminectomy is the favorable method in that it allows a wide field of surgical operation thus making the operation easier, enabling the surgery to be performed perfectly.We believe it is necessary to take into consideration of H-graft or Langenskiold's spondylodesis in case of instability of the vertebral body, narrowing of the vertebral disc space, or particulary those who are engaged in hard musclar laborer.The methods of our laminectomy proved a good result.
Does pediatric body mass index affect surgical outcomes of lower-extremity external fixation?

BACKGROUND Obese patients are highly prevalent in the pediatric orthopaedic surgeon's practice and obesity is an increasing issue in the United States. Increased body mass index (BMI) has been associated with increased complications in pediatric orthopaedic patients, but no study has looked specifically at external fixation. The purpose of this study was to determine whether obesity is a risk factor for increased complications in lower-extremity procedures requiring external fixation. METHODS A retrospective chart review was conducted of pediatric patients who underwent external fixation as definitive operative treatment for any condition at a tertiary care hospital over a 15-year period. Patients were grouped into normal weight, overweight, and obese based on Centers for Disease Control definitions. All orthopaedic complications were recorded. RESULTS A total of 208 patients with a mean age of 11.2 years were identified. Ninety-four children were obese at the 95th percentile BMI or higher, 22 were overweight and 93 were normal weight. External fixation was applied to the tibia in 82 cases, to the femur in 77 and to both in 49. Mean duration of fixation was 160 days (range, 31 to 570 d) and patients were followed for a mean of 3.9 years (range, 1.0 to 12.0 y). There was no statistically significant difference in the rate of complications between the 3 groups (P=0.61). In the obese group complications occurred in 68.1% versus 66.7% in the overweight group and 61.3% in normal weight. CONCLUSIONS In the setting of external fixator use for lower-extremity pathology in pediatric patients, there is no association between an increase in complications and obesity as defined by BMI. Complication rates are high when external fixation is utilized for the lower extremity, however, patients and families should not be counseled that increased BMI will add to the burden of orthopaedic complications in this situation. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level II-prognostic.
Parallel perspectives on quality of life during antihypertensive therapy: impact of responder, survey environment, and questionnaire structure.

A multicenter clinical trial comparing nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) to atenolol was conducted to evaluate the effects of reporter (physician, patient, and spouse) and assessment of environment (clinic vs. take-home), and structure (long vs. short forms). After a 4-week single-blind, placebo washout, 394 male patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension were randomized to receive 20 weeks of either atenolol or nifedipine GITS, titrated to achieve goal blood pressure of <90 mm Hg for 8 weeks and maintained at the final dose for 12 weeks. Quality-of-life assessments included «long-form» clinical assessments by the patient, parallel «short-form,» take-home, mail-back assessments by patient and spouse and a side effects and symptom distress evaluation by the physician
Severely Handicapped Children in the Public Schools: A New Frontier for the Physical Therapist

Recent court decisions are currently generating the need for the development of a more humane, school-based system of educational options for severely and profoundly handicapped children. This natural commitment, which includes provisions for various ancillary services, has major implications for the profession of physical therapy. This paper includes the problems, issues, and trends related to the development of public school physical therapy programs and presents some guidelines and suggestions which might be helpful in the implementation of such programs. Language: en
Birth and the origins of cerebral palsy.

In 1862 William John Little, M.D., an orthopedic practitioner in London, described 47 children with what he termed spastic rigidity.1 His clear account leaves no doubt that he was speaking of the spastic form of the syndrome that we now call cerebral palsy. "Cerebral palsy" is a descriptive term for a collection of nonprogressive neuromotor disorders of central origin that become manifest early in life and are not the result of a recognized cerebral malformation. The main clinical feature is a lack of motor control, presenting most commonly as spasticity or, less commonly, as involuntary movements or incoordination. Any voluntary-muscle . . .
Scintigraphic liver function indices are strong prognostic parameters in end-stage liver disease.

1676 Objectives Scintigraphic liver function indices (SLFIs) were investigated as predictors of mortality or time to transplant in patients with end-stage liver disease (ELD) on the liver transplant list and compared to Model End-stage Liver Disease (MELD) score. Methods The MELD score was computed using UNOS modified equation. SLFIs included liver clearance rate calculated by the mebrofenin liver uptake equation (LCRu), blood pool disappearance (LCRb), LCRu corrected for body surface area (LCRu/BSA), and residual mebrofenin in the blood pool at 15 min (R15). All-cause mortality and transplantation due to accelerated deterioration of liver function were used as end points. Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze each variable in separate models. The concordance index (c-index), a measure ranging from 0.5 to 1, and hazard ratios (HR) were calculated. Results There were 117 pts with ELD who had MELD and SLFIs measured between 12/01/2010 and 7/17/2012. 47 were excluded (six for incorrect initial data processing and subsequent loss of raw data, 13 due to the use of non-fresh radiopharmaceutical, 24 with co-existing hepatocellular carcinoma, and four with >90 days between SLFIs and MELD measurements ). There were 11 deaths and 3 transplants in the remaining 83 ELD patients (17% crude transplant-free survival rate). All SLFIs and MELD score were statistically significant prognosticators, but MELD, LCRb and R15 scored the best and essentially the same predictive parameters, including c-index of 0.70 (see table). Conclusions While the causes of death and prioritized transplantation in ELD vary widely, scintigraphic measurements of liver function have a statistically similar predictive ability to the well-accepted multifactorial MELD score in patients on liver transplant waiting list.
Using Analytic Solution Methods on Unsaturated Seepage Flow Computations

This paper describes a change of variables applied to Richards equation for steady-state unsaturated seepage flow that makes the numerical representation of the new version of this highly nonlinear partial differential equation (PDE) much easier to solve, and the solution is significantly more accurate. The method is applied to two-dimensional unsaturated steady-state flow in a block of soil that is initially very dry until water is applied at the top. Both a quasi-linear version of relative hydraulic conductivity for which an analytic solution exists and a van Genuchten version of relative hydraulic conductivity are numerically solved using the original and new versions of the governing PDE. Finally, results of this research will be presented in this paper. It was found that for the test problem, the change-of-variables version of the governing PDE was significantly easier to solve and resulted in more accurate solutions than the original version of the PDE.
A brief history of the discovery of PXR and CAR as xenobiotic receptors

The nuclear receptors pregnane X receptor (PXR) and constitutive androstane receptor (CAR) were cloned and/or established as xenobiotic receptors in 1998. Due to their activities in the transcriptional regulation of phase I and phase II enzymes as well as drug transporters, PXR and CAR have been defined as the master regulators of xenobiotic responses. The discovery of PXR and CAR provides the essential molecular basis by which drugs and other xenobiotic compounds regulate the expression of xenobiotic enzymes and transporters. This article is intended to provide a historical overview on the discovery of PXR and CAR as xenobiotic receptors.
Understanding Scientists' Computational Modeling Decisions About Climate Risk Management Strategies Using Values-Informed Mental Models:

Abstract When developing computational models to analyze the tradeoffs between climate risk management strategies (i.e., mitigation, adaptation, or geoengineering), scientists make explicit and implicit decisions that are influenced by their beliefs, values and preferences. Model descriptions typically include only the explicit decisions and are silent on value judgments that may explain these decisions. Eliciting scientists’ mental models, a systematic approach to determining how they think about climate risk management, can help to gain a clearer understanding of their modeling decisions. In order to identify and represent the role of values, beliefs and preferences on decisions, we used an augmented mental models research approach, namely values-informed mental models (ViMM). We conducted and qualitatively analyzed interviews with eleven climate risk management scientists. Our results suggest that these scientists use a similar decision framework to each other to think about modeling climate risk management tradeoffs, including eight specific decisions ranging from defining the model objectives to evaluating the model’s results. The influence of values on these decisions varied between our scientists and between the specific decisions. For instance, scientists invoked ethical values (e.g., concerns about human welfare) when defining objectives, but epistemic values (e.g., concerns about model consistency) were more influential when evaluating model results. ViMM can (i) enable insights that can inform the design of new computational models and (ii) make value judgments explicit and more inclusive of relevant values. This transparency can help model users to better discern the relevance of model results to their own decision framing and concerns.
The roles of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and p21 in the autophagy pathway after DNA mismatch repair processing of 6-thioguanine

2761 DNA mismatch repair (MMR) proteins play an important role in repairing mismatches caused by DNA polymerase errors during DNA replication. The MMR system also provokes both checkpoint and apoptotic responses following certain types of DNA damage. Our previous studies have shown that MMR also initiates an autophagic response to 6-thioguanine (6-TG), a DNA modifying chemical, in a p53 dependent manner. p21 is a known transcription target gene of p53 while mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) has been reported to regulate p21 translation in response to some types of DNA damage including intrastrand crosslinking agents such as cisplatin. In this study, we further explore the potential roles of mTOR and p21 in the autophagic signaling pathway downstream of MMR and p53 after exposure to 6-TG. We treated human colon cancer HCT116 cells stably transfected with MLH1 expression vectors (MLH1+, MMR+) with both 6-TG and rapamycin. Without affecting 6-TG-induced p53 activation, rapamycin cotreatment very dramatically inhibits mTOR activity as measured by immunoblotting with an antibody against Thr-389-phosphorylatedp70 S6 kinase (p70S6K), the main active phosphoform of the mTOReffector p70S6K. This chemical inhibition of mTOR activity completely abrogates the up-regulation of p21 protein levels following exposure to 6-TG. These results indicate that mTOR is involved in regulating p21 translation following MMR processing of 6-TG since p53 activation, a positive regulator of p21 transcription, is not affected by the chemical inhibition of mTOR with rapamycin. Furthermore, using immunoblotting with an antibody against LC3 to measure processing of LC3-I to LC3-II, a specific marker for autophagy, we show that the increase in autophagic activity following MMR processing of 6-TG is also inhibited by rapamycin cotreatment, following the same pattern of expression as p21. Since p21 has been shown to function in cell cycle arrest and apoptosis, we speculate that p21 also plays an essential role in the autophagy pathway following MMR processing of 6-TG. Thus, suppression of p21 translation resulting from inhibition of mTOR by rapamycin results in abrogation of induction of autophagy following MMR processing of 6-TG. Experiments using siRNA-mediated silencing of mTOR and p21 are still in progress to further examine the roles of mTOR and p21 in the autophagic signaling pathway. In conclusion, our results suggest that mTOR may regulate p21 translation after p53 activates transcription of p21 and p21 plays an essential role in the autophagy pathway following MMR processing of 6-TG. Supported by NIH grants CA050595 and CA112963 to TJK.
Monitoring surgical intervention in PAD patients with diffuse optical spectroscopy - Initial case studies

We present initial results from monitoring surgical interventions in peripheral-artery-disease (PAD) patients with diffuse optical spectroscopy (DOS). DOS measures show promise as an early predictor of treatment success.
“Effective Joint Action” in Wildlife Management: Ethos, Character and Network in Aldo Leopold’s North Central States Report

ABSTRACTThis article examines the Report on a Game Survey of the North Central States (1931), the first book written by mid-twentieth-century American forester and wildlife researcher Aldo Leopold. It argues that Leopold’s use of narrative strategies such as character narration and progression contribute to the report’s success in bridging the gaps in knowledge and perspective that separated the report’s audiences. The article also explores overlaps and differences between the terms “implied author” and “ethos” to examine Leopold’s persona as constructed by the narratives in his North Central States report and how it compares with similar scientific writings of his time.
HyPR-MS for Multiplexed Discovery of MALAT1, NEAT1, and NORAD lncRNA Protein Interactomes.

RNA–protein interactions are integral to the regulation of gene expression. RNAs have diverse functions and the protein interactomes of individual RNAs vary temporally, spatially, and with physiological context. These factors make the global acquisition of individual RNA–protein interactomes an essential endeavor. Although techniques have been reported for discovery of the protein interactomes of specific RNAs they are largely laborious, costly, and accomplished singly in individual experiments. We developed HyPR-MS for the discovery and analysis of the protein interactomes of multiple RNAs in a single experiment while also reducing design time and improving efficiencies. Presented here is the application of HyPR-MS to simultaneously and selectively isolate the interactomes of lncRNAs MALAT1, NEAT1, and NORAD. Our analysis features the proteins that potentially contribute to both known and previously undiscovered roles of each lncRNA. This platform provides a powerful new multiplexing tool for the efficie...
Neuroprotective effect of hyperbaric oxygen in a rat model of subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Acute brain ischemia after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) induces oxidative stress in brain tissues. Up-regulated NADPH oxidase (NOX), a major enzymatic source of superoxide anion in the brain, may contribute to early brain injury after SAH. We evaluated the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on protein expression of gp91phox catalytic subunit of NOX, lipid peroxidation as a marker of oxidative stress, and on neurological and neuropathological outcomes after SAH.
Two-Electron Atoms

It is not possible to find exact eigenstates for the helium atom by analytical techniques. This is to be expected, because the classical counterpart, two satellites moving in each other’s gravitational field and that of a massive star, is already a problem that cannot be solved analytically. But very good and rather simple approximations give a good rendition of the helium spectrum, and reveal a profound consequence of the identity of the two electrons.
Phagocytosis-induced chemotaxis receptor cycling in neutrophils is mediated by thiol oxidation.

We previously demonstrated that neutrophil (PMN) phagocytosis of opsonized zymosan (OPZ) caused oxygen-dependent inhibition of chemotactic peptide receptor (CPR) binding using the ligand 3H-formyl- methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (3H-FMLP). In the current studies we sought to determine the mechanism of CPR inhibition by OPZ. We found that 3 mM cysteine and 5 mM dithiothreitol (DTT) did not decrease PMN phagocytosis, but abolished CPR inhibition by OPZ. Furthermore, incubation of PMN with DTT after OPZ partially restored the suppressed CPR. PMN CPR saturation studies with 3H-FMLP on PMN incubated with or without DTT after phagocytosis indicated that DTT restored receptor numbers to 92% +/- 6% of prephagocytosis values and also improved CPR affinity for 3H-FMLP. In additional studies we found that the cell penetrating thiol reagents mercuric chloride (HgCl2), N-ethylmaleimide (NEM), and diamide, but not the nonpenetrating agents p- chloromercuriphenylsulfonic acid and p-chloromercuribenzoate, caused rapid, dose-dependent, DTT-inhibitable suppression of up to 85% CPR binding. CPR inhibition by HgCl2 and NEM was irreversible. PMN CPR saturation studies showed that NEM decreased total receptor numbers, not CPR affinity. The effect of NEM was not inhibited by receptor occupancy at 4 degree C or at 37 degree C. These studies indicate that: (1) intact thiol groups are a requirement for CPR ligand-binding; (2) the thiol groups are presumptively located on the interior side of, or within hydrophobic portions of, the plasma membrane and are not part of the 3H-FMLP binding site; (3) thiol oxidation-reduction induces reversible alteration in CPR binding; (4) phagocytosis-induced modulation of the CPR is due, in part, to thiol oxidation. These studies suggest that postphagocytic, thiol-mediated reduction in CPR binding may play a physiologic role in the inhibition of PMN chemotaxis at inflammatory sites. The state of CPR-associated thiols may be an important determinant of CPR binding under physiologic conditions other than phagocytosis.
Privacy-breaching Behavior Analysis

Malicious programs spy on users’ behavior and compromise their privacy. Even software from reputable vendors, such as Google Desktop and Sony DRM media player, may perform undesirable actions. Unfortunately, existing techniques for detecting malware and analyzing unknown code samples are insufficient and have significant shortcomings. We observe that malicious information access and processing behavior is the fundamental trait of numerous malware categories breaching users’ privacy (including keyloggers, password thieves, network sniffers, stealth backdoors, spyware and rootkits), which separates these malicious applications from benign software. We propose a system, Panorama, to detect and analyze malware by capturing this fundamental trait. In our extensive experiments, Panorama successfully detected all the malware samples and had very few false positives. Furthermore, by using Google Desktop as a case study, we show that our system can accurately capture its information access and processing behavior, and we can confirm that it does send back sensitive information to remote servers in certain settings. We believe that a system such as Panorama will offer indispensable assistance to code analysts and malware researchers by enabling them to quickly comprehend the behavior and innerworkings of an unknown sample.
Adolescents’ production of complex syntax in spoken and written expository and persuasive genres

Analysing spoken and written language samples across different genres provides speech-language pathologists (SLPs) and educators with information about adolescents’ production of complex syntax, an...
Designing, Implementing, and Evaluating a School-Based Literacy Program for Adolescent Learners With Reading Difficulties: A Mixed-Methods Study

This 12-week mixed-methods study examined an 8th-grade English language arts curriculum designed to increase participants’ (N = 62) reading comprehension and reading motivation. Data consisted of d...
Calvin Mooers, Zatocoding, and Early Research on Information Retrieval

Historians of computing know of Calvin Mooers (1919–1994) for several contributions to electronic computing and programming languages. This paper describes a less well-known development by Mooers. Around 1950, he devised a coding scheme for edge-notched cards—a decidedly “low-tech,” nonelectronic method of information storage and retrieval, based on cards with notches cut into their edges. In spite of his experience and training in electronics, Mooers believed that existing digital computer projects were ill-suited for the storage and retrieval of large amounts of information. Edge-notched and other cards had been in common use for data retrieval, but none were able to handle the explosion of information occurring in the sciences after World War II. “Zatocoding” was to address the deficiencies of both existing electronic computers and of other card systems, as it was based on a more theoretical understanding of the nature of information and its retrieval. Zatocoding did not prevail, but I argue that the theoretical work done by Mooers proved later to be of fundamental importance to modern databases, encryption, and information retrieval.
Spin entanglement in elastic electron scattering from lithium atoms

In two recent papers [Blum and Lohmann, Phys. Rev. Lett. 116, 033201 (2016); Lohmann et al., Phys. Rev. A 94, 032331 (2016)], the possibility of continuously varying the degree of entanglement between an elastically scattered electron and the valence electron of an alkali-metal target was discussed. To estimate how well such a scheme may work in practice, we present results for elastic electron scattering from lithium in the energy regime of 1 – 5 eV and the full range of scattering angles 0 ∘ – 180 ∘ . The most promising regime for Bell correlations in this particular collision system are energies between about 1.5 and 3.0 eV, in an angular range around 110 ∘ ± 10 ∘ . In addition to the relative exchange asymmetry parameter, we present the differential cross section that is important when estimating the count rate and hence the feasibility of experiments using this system.
Wednesday, September 26, 2018 7:35 AM–9:00 AM ePosters

BACKGROUND CONTEXT The term cervicothoracic usually refers to the C6-T3 spinal segment. Because of the deep location and the complicated anatomy, it is difficult for surgeons to expose the lesion. At the same time, the diameter of the thoracic spinal cord is small, the buffer space is restricted, and the spinal cord is close to the front, so anterior compression may cause severe spinal cord injury; also, blood supply to the upper thoracic cord is poor, and the circulation will be greatly affected when compression occurs PURPOSE This study evaluated the efficacy of anterior surgical approaches for the treatment of cervicothoracic tuberculosis, to discuss surgical approach selection, and to provide a reference for the treatment of cervicothoracic spinal tuberculosis. STUDY DESIGN/SETTING A retrospective cohort study. PATIENT SAMPLE Seventy-four patients. OUTCOME MEASURES Clinical outcome, laboratory indexes and radiological results. METHODS This research retrospectively analyzed 74 patients with cervicothoracic tuberculosis who were treated in six institutions. There were 37 males and 37 females with average ages of 24years (range 5–62 years). A total of 33 patients underwent one-stage anterior surgery (Group A); 16 underwent an anterior combined posterior surgery (Group B); and 25 underwent one-stage posterior surgery (Group C). Clinical outcome, laboratory indexes and radiological results were analyzed. RESULTS All cases were followed-up after about 36-96 months (average 39 months). At the last follow-up, patients in three groups had achieved bone fusion, with pain relief and neurological recovery. No major vessels and nerve injuries were found during the operation. There were significant differences before and after treatment in terms of VAS, NDI and JOA (P CONCLUSIONS One stage anterior approach surgery for the treatment of cervicothoracic tuberculosis has excellent efficacy and fewer complications, so it is the recommended surgical method. The indication for posterior-only approach is narrow and should be used selectively. However, the anterior combined posterior approach has a longer operative time, larger blood loss, and increased trauma, simultaneous with higher technical skills required for surgeons. Therefore, the indications should be strictly controlled.
Neuroanatomy of pediatric postoperative cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome and mutism.

Survivors of posterior cranial fossa tumors are living longer because of advances in diagnosis and medical and surgical management. This success is tempered by the realization that ≈25% of children (and some adults) with resection of posterior fossa tumors develop the cerebellar cognitive affective syndrome (CCAS),1,2 characterized by impairments in executive function, linguistic processing, visual spatial abilities, and affective modulation. Some of these children also exhibit cerebellar mutism syndrome (CMS), which may represent a profound apraxia of speech.3 The cause of this constellation, previously called the posterior fossa syndrome,4,5 has remained elusive. Damage to the cerebellar outflow pathway may be involved, i.e., the dentate nucleus and superior cerebellar peduncles.6,7
Patient care aides: Differences in healthcare coverage, health-related behaviors, and health outcomes in a low-wage workforce by healthcare setting.

Objectives Patient care aides, who provide basic care to patients in a variety of healthcare settings, have been observed to have higher prevalences of adverse health metrics than the general US workforce. However, few studies have examined how healthcare access and health behaviors and outcomes among patient care aides differ by work setting (home health, nursing home, and hospital). Methods Data from the 2013 to 2016 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System were used to assess the prevalences of healthcare access, health-related behaviors, and health outcomes among patient care aides in different work settings, and among nurses (licensed vocational/practical and registered). Adjusted prevalence ratios were used to compare prevalences for healthcare workers to those for nonhealthcare clerical workers. Results Overall, patient care aides are a low-wage workforce with high prevalences of multiple adverse health metrics and low prevalences of positive health behaviors compared to clerical workers. Results differed by work setting. Home health aides had the lowest income levels and most adverse results for multiple metrics; nursing home aides had better healthcare access and somewhat better health outcomes. Most metrics were best (though still quite poor) for hospital aides, who showed few significant differences from clerical workers. Conclusions These results show the need to focus resources on the patient care aide workforce, particularly those in home health. While some needs of nursing home aides, such as improving influenza vaccination coverage and reducing the prevalence of arthritis-related conditions, would benefit from standardized workplace interventions, alternate, workplace-specific approaches are needed for home health aides.
Impact of a Critical Care Specialist Intervention on First Pass Success for Emergency Airway Management Outside the ICU.

Background:There has been limited investigation into the procedural outcomes of patients undergoing emergent endotracheal intubation (EEI) by a critical care medicine (CCM) specialist outside the i...
Understanding public support for carbon capture and storage policy: The roles of social capital, stakeholder perceptions, and perceived risk/benefit of technology

Abstract As climate change mitigation technologies emerge, there is an increased need to understand public support for the technology and the policies that will shape or thwart its evolution. Of particular importance are the communities most directly impacted. The current study focuses on a random sample of 970 adults in eight counties within the oil and gas industry-reliant region of southeast Texas in order to explore support for carbon capture and storage (CCS), which is a climate change mitigation technology that has seen a great deal of investment in that area. Results of ordinary least squares (OLS) regression analysis and general linear modeling (GLM) suggest that policy support –individual support and perceived community support – is dependent on perceived risks and benefits of CCS, community-focused perceptions (including Bourdieu's social capital), and perceptions about stakeholders (trustworthiness and expected role in CCS policy making). One key takeaway is that social capital was both a predictor and moderator in community-level CCS support and helped explain the hidden effects of risk perception of CCS and CCS knowledge on community-level CCS support. Implications for public policy and stakeholder relations are discussed.
Bariatric Surgery in End-Stage Heart Failure: Feasibility in Successful Attainment of a Target Body Mass Index

Abstract Introduction Orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT) is contraindicated in morbidly obese patients with end-stage heart failure (HF), for whom cardiac allograft is the only means for long-term survival. Bariatric surgery may allow them to achieve target body mass index (BMI) for OHT Methods From 4/2014 to 12/2018, 26 morbidly obese HF patients who did not meet BMI eligibility criteria for OHT underwent laparoscopic bariatric surgery. Outcomes of interest were median difference in BMI, number of patients achieving target BMI for OHT, and 30-day mortality. Results Median age was 49 (IQR 14) years, and 13 (50%) were women. HF was mainly systolic (15 patients, 58%). The median LVEF was 27% (IQR 37%). At the time of bariatric surgery, 12 (46%) patients had mechanical circulatory support: 2 (8%) concomitant left ventricular assist device (LVAD) placements, 8 (31%) LVAD already-in-place, and 2 (8%) intra-aortic balloon pumps. There was no 30-day mortality, but one mortality on postoperative day 48. Over a median follow-up of 6 months (range 0-36 months, IQR 17), there was a significant reduction in BMI (p Conclusion Bariatric surgery in end-stage HF is feasible and results in a high number of patients achieving target BMI, increasing their probability of undergoing OHT. The presence of a LVAD should not preclude these patients from undergoing a bariatric intervention.
Human adult and adolescent biodistribution and dosimetry of the synaptic vesicle glycoprotein 2A radioligand 11C-UCB-J.

The ability to quantify synaptic density in vivo in human adults and adolescents is of vital importance to understanding neuropsychiatric disorders. Here, we performed whole-body scans to determine organ radiation dosimetry of 11C-UCB-J in humans. Dynamic whole-body PET scans were performed in four healthy adults after injection of 11C-UCB-J. Regions of interest (ROIs) were drawn manually for the brain, heart, stomach, kidneys, liver, pancreas, spleen, gallbladder, lungs, urinary bladder, and intestines. ROIs were applied to dynamic images to generate time-activity curves (TACs). Decay correction was removed from TACs, and the area under the curve (AUC) for each ROI was calculated. AUCs were then normalized by injected activity and organ volumes to produce radioligand residence times for each organ. These times were then used as input into the OLINDA/EXM 1.0 software to determine the total radiation dose in each organ and the effective dose for these OLINDA models: 55-kg female, 70-kg male, and 15-year-old adolescent. Visual evaluation detected high uptake in the liver, brain, gallbladder, gastrointestinal tract, and urinary bladder. The dose-limiting organ was the urinary bladder for adult males (0.0224 mSv/MBq) and liver for adult females (0.0248 mSv/MBq) with single-study dose limits of 2239 MBq and 2017 MBq 11C-UCB-J, respectively. For adolescents, the large intestine was the dose-limiting organ (0.0266 mSv/MBq) with a single-study dose limit of 188 MBq. 11C-UCB-J dosimetry in adults is consistent with those for many carbon-11-labeled ligands. Overall, 11C-UCB-J can be used safely in adolescents, as in adults, to measure synaptic density in various neuropsychiatric and other relevant disorders.
Mechanism and quantitative assessment of saturation transfer for water‐based detection of the aliphatic protons in carbohydrate polymers

Purpose CEST MRI experiments of mobile macromolecules, for example, proteins, carbohydrates, and phospholipids, often show signals due to saturation transfer from aliphatic protons to water. Currently, the mechanism of this nuclear Overhauser effect (NOE)-based transfer pathway is not completely understood and could be due either to NOEs directly to bound water or NOEs relayed intramolecularly via exchangeable protons. We used glycogen as a model system to investigate this saturation transfer pathway in sugar polymer solution. Methods To determine whether proton exchange affected saturation transfer, saturation spectra (Z-spectra) were measured for glycogen solutions of different pH, D2 O/H2 O ratio, and glycogen particle size. A theoretical model was derived to analytically describe the NOE-based signals in these spectra. Numerical simulations were performed to verify this theory, which was further tested by fitting experimental data for different exchange regimes. Results Signal intensities of aliphatic NOEs in Z-spectra of glycogen in D2 O solution were influenced by hydroxyl proton exchange rates, whereas those in H2 O were not. This indicates that the primary transfer pathway is an exchange-relayed NOE from these aliphatic protons to neighboring hydroxyl protons, followed by the exchange to water protons. Experimental data for glycogen solutions in D2 O and H2 O could be analyzed successfully using an analytical theory derived for such relayed NOE transfer, which was further validated using numerical simulations with the Bloch equations. Conclusion The predominant mechanism underlying aliphatic signals in Z-spectra of mobile carbohydrate polymers is intramolecular relayed NOE transfer followed by proton exchange.
An HSS Matrix-Inspired Butterfly-Based Direct Solver for Analyzing Scattering From Two-Dimensional Objects

A butterfly-based fast direct integral equation solver for analyzing high-frequency scattering from two-dimensional objects is presented. The solver leverages a randomized butterfly scheme to compress blocks corresponding to near- and far-field interactions in the discretized forward and inverse electric field integral operators. The observed memory requirements and computational cost of the proposed solver scale as $O(N{\log ^2}N)$ and $O({N^{1.5}}\log N)$ , respectively. The solver is applied to the analysis of scattering from electrically large objects spanning over 10 000 wavelengths and modeled in terms of five million unknowns.
Men and Their Moments: Character-Driven Ethnography and Interaction Analysis in a Park Basketball Rule Dispute:

Both conversation-analytic and ethnographic studies of interaction tend to isolate situated conduct from the full biographical context that is meaningful to actors. This article argues that there a...
Synthesis and Antiproliferative Evaluation of 2-Deoxy- N -glycosylbenzotriazoles/imidazoles.

A series of 2-deoxy-2-iodo-α-d-mannopyranosylbenzotriazoles was synthesized using the benzyl, 4,6-benzylidene and acetyl protected D-glucal in the presence of N-iodosuccinimide (NIS). Subsequent removal of the iodine at the C-2 position using tributyltin hydride under free radical conditions afforded the 2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosylbenzotriazoles in moderate to high yields. This method was extended to the preparation of substituted 2-deoxy-β-d-glucopyranosylimidazoles as well. The stereoselectivity of the addition reaction and the effect of the protecting group and temperature on anomer distribution of the benzotriazole series were also investigated. The anticancer properties of the newly synthesized compounds were evaluated in a series of viability studies using HeLa (human cervical adenocarcinoma), human breast and lung cancer cell lines. The N-[3,4,6-tri-O-benzyl-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl]-1H-benzotriazole and the N-[3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-2-deoxy-α-d-glucopyranosyl]-2H-benzotriazole were found to be the most potent cancer cell inhibitors at 20 µM concentrations across all four cell lines.
Scoping review of quality of anesthetic induction and recovery scales used for dogs.

Abstract Objective To compare, describe and assess the level of validation of all instruments measuring quality of induction and recovery from anesthesia in dogs. Databases used A search was performed using the electronic database PubMed to find articles containing an induction quality scale, a recovery quality scale or both in dogs. Articles not directly accessible through PubMed were obtained through the Auburn University Library website and Google Scholar. The phrases ‘induction scoring systems dogs’, ‘recovery scoring systems dogs’, ‘anesthetic induction score dogs’, and ‘anesthetic recovery score dogs’ were used for searches using the ‘best match search’ function. The time frame searched was from 1980 to May 2020. The search was conducted from March 2020 to May 2020. Conclusions A thoroughly tested and validated scale for measuring the quality of induction and recovery does not exist in the current veterinary literature. A large disagreement exists between studies on the use of induction and recovery scales, and many have reported inconsistent results with current instruments. It is recommended that an induction and recovery scale intended for wide-scale use be constructed and tested extensively for psychometric validation and reliability.
Characterizing reasons for exercise in binge-spectrum eating disorders

Abstract Although 40–60% of individuals with eating disorders (EDs) report engaging in maladaptive exercise, self-reported reasons for engaging in exercise vary. Further, no studies have examined momentary reasons for exercise and whether reasons for exercising could be both adaptive and maladaptive for any episode. Examining reasons for exercise can inform interventions which more effectively target maladaptive exercise. The current study recruited adults with binge-spectrum EDs (N = 58, 89.2% Female) and assessed self-reported reasons for exercise using ecological momentary assessment over 7–14 days. Exercise episodes were categorized as maladaptive if the participant endorsed exercising to compensate for eating or feeling driven to exercise. On average, participants reported exercising 8 times (SD = 8) over the 7–14 days. On average, 73% of exercise episodes were maladaptive. Participants most frequently stated exercising to control shape or weight (67.2% of episodes), feeling driven (62.9%), and exercising as part of a routine (52.9%). Participants least endorsed exercising so that they could eat more later (9.8%). Participants reported a mean of 3.6 reasons for exercising at each episode (SD = 1.85, mode = 1.0). As hypothesized, individuals with EDs were exercising for several reasons at each exercise episode. Further, the extent to which each exercise episode is maladaptive varied between participants and even within a single participant's exercise episodes. These findings underscore the importance of research evaluating when, and for whom, exercise becomes maladaptive, as well as research examining other characteristic features of maladaptive and adaptive exercise in EDs.
High fat diet induced gut dysbiosis alters corneal epithelial injury response in mice.

PURPOSE Commensal microbiome secretes various metabolites that can exert important effects on the host immunity and inflammation and can alter cellular functions. However, little is known regarding the effect of microbiome on corneal immunity and genetic expression. The purpose of this study is to describe the effect of diet-induced gut dysbiosis on corneal immunity and corneal gene expression after wounding. METHODS This study is approved by the Animal Care and Use of the University of Illinois. Six-week-old female C57BL6 mice were fed on a normal chow diet (ND), isocaloric low-fat control diet (LFD), or a 21% milk high-fat diet (HFD) for six weeks. 2 mm corneal epithelial debridement was performed (n = 10). Fecal samples from mice were used for microbial diversity analysis (n > 3). Immunofluorescence staining of corneal wholemount tissue post-debridement was used to visualize immune cell distribution. RNA Seq was performed on tissue samples from corneas following debridement. RESULTS Mice fed differing diets had significant alterations in gut microbial diversities. After corneal debridement, HFD mice experienced delayed wound healing in comparison to LFD mice and ND mice groups. However, fecal transplantation led to normalization of wound closure rates. Increased γδTCR staining was observed in the LFD group, and decreased LY6G was observed in HFD group (p < 0.05). Gene Ontology terms of differentially expressed genes included response to external stimulus, cell proliferation, migration, adhesion, defense response and leukocyte migration. Top over-represented pathways included ECM-receptor interaction, Cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, Focal adhesion and Leukocyte trans-endothelial migration. CONCLUSIONS Gut microbial dysbiosis alters corneal immune cell distribution, corneal response to injury, and genes related to epithelial function and corneal immunity.
Sex Work and Class

Prostitution scandals stigmatize workers for their entire lives, but the politician involved is marred for only one news cycle. “White knight” feminists shame women for sexually catering to the patriarchy but talk from a place of economic privilege. Religious organizations engage in misguided attempts to “save” women who use the industry as a job. Exploitive policies aimed at curtailing sex work hurt the individuals who wish to practice safe sex for their own protection. In the guise of aiding sex workers, or saving them from themselves, those that would advocate for more restrictive policies ignore the ramifications of what these laws would entail.