cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Heterogeneous Ammonia Storage Model for NH3–SCR Modeling

Single- and dual-site ammonia storage models are initially developed and calibrated from ammonia TPD experiments. The dual-site model gives better agreement with the experimental measurements, but neither of these models is able to adequately represent the observed ammonia storage trends over a wide range of temperatures. An alternative heterogeneous single-site model considering the heterogeneity of ammonia storage sites is proposed that more accurately predicts ammonia storage in the temperature window of 150 °C–400 °C. When the heterogeneous storage site model is combined with kinetics for NH3 and NO oxidation for simulating standard SCR, the NH3 and DeNOx trends as well as the NH3 inventories during reaction conditions reported for lab reactor studies are replicated.
Can climate change enhance biology lessons? A quasi-experiment

ABSTRACTClimate change is a highly charged topic that some adults prefer to ignore. If the same holds true for secondary students, teachers could be challenged to teach about climate change. We structured one activity about the biological concepts of carbon cycle and carbon sequestration in two ways: with and without mention of climate change. Results suggested that students (n = 22) who learned about carbon in the context of climate change made significant improvements in their knowledge of the carbon cycle and sequestration over those (n = 24) who learned about carbon without mention of climate change. Interest in climate change may increase learning.
Mature Teratoma of the Testis Metastasizing as Mature Teratoma

AbstractWe report an unusual case of mature teratoma of the testis with retroperitoneal metastasis of mature teratoma. Mature teratoma of the testis should be considered a low grade malignant neoplasm.
Simulation-guided regression approach for estimating the size distribution of nanoparticles with dynamic light scattering data

ABSTRACTThis article presents a simulation-guided regression approach for estimating the size distribution of nanoparticles from Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements. The properties and functionalities exhibited by nanoparticles often depend on their sizes, so the precise quantification of the sizes is important for characterizing and monitoring the quality of a nanoparticle synthesis process. The state-of-the-art method used in the size quantification from DLS measurements is the CONTIN, which is based on a computationally ineffective numerical inversion. We propose a new approach that avoids the numerical inversion by reformulating the problem into a regularized regression problem, with the basis functions being generated by a computer simulation of DLS measurements. For many simulation studies and one real data study, our method outperformed the CONTIN in terms of estimation accuracy and computational efficiency.
Costly signaling theory is not the only pathway to self-control

The positive relationship between religious involvement and mental health has been explained by the cognitive, social, and behavioral effects of religious involvement (Koenig, 2012). Connor Wood pr...
Genetic Control of Human Alpha-1-Antitrypsin and Hepatic Gene Therapy

Alpha-1-antitrypsin (AAT) is a 50 kDa serine protease inhibitor which is synthesized most abundantly by hepatocytes.1,2 It accounts for approximately 90% of the total protease inhibitory capacity in normal human serum.3,4 In common with other members of the serine protease inhibitor superfamily,5 the active inhibitory site of AAT is centred6 around Ser358. Although it exhibits the capacity to inhibit a variety of proteases, including trypsin, chymotrypsin, thrombin, kallikrein, and plasmin7, its apparent major physiological role is to diffuse into the alveoli structure of the lung, and protect elastin fibres from excessive hydrolysis by neutrophil elastase.8,9 Neutrophil elastase is inhibited by forming a pseudo-irreversible equimolar complex of the protease with inhibitor.10
CONDITIONS TO IMPLEMENT OUTCOME-ORIENTED PERFORMANCE BUDGETING: SOME EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

This study discusses conditions for effectively implementing outcome-oriented performance budgeting. Using a survey of local officials in Florida, it finds that public officials' consensus on organizational goals and performance measures is necessary for effective implementation. Consistent communication among public officials and legislative support are crucial for this strategy. This study also reveals that performance reporting and management practice can enhance performance budgeting. In addition, an understanding about how budgetary inputs are converted into budgetary outcomes is also important. Finally, a performance budgeting system, with an emphasis on outcome measures and citizen evaluation, should include various types of performance measures.
What Do Interpolated Nonparametric Confidence Intervals for Population Quantiles Guarantee

ABSTRACTThe interval between two prespecified order statistics of a sample provides a distribution-free confidence interval for a population quantile. However, due to discreteness, only a small set of exact coverage probabilities is available. Interpolated confidence intervals are designed to expand the set of available coverage probabilities. However, we show here that the infimum of the coverage probability for an interpolated confidence interval is either the coverage probability for the inner interval or the coverage probability obtained by removing the more likely of the two extreme subintervals from the outer interval. Thus, without additional assumptions, interpolated intervals do not expand the set of available guaranteed coverage probabilities.
Pentecostal Hermeneutics: A Wesleyan Perspective

Joel B. Green offers a Wesleyan assessment of Pentecostal hermeneutics by urging Pentecostals to understand how their particular tradition and ecclesial hermeneutics situate their readings of Scripture, and offers critical commentary on the roles of experience and tradition in Pentecostal hermeneutics.
Lipopolysaccharide induced Interleukin-6 production is mediated through activation of ERK 1/2, p38 MAPK, MEK, and NFκB in chicken thrombocytes

Thrombocytes express Toll-like receptor 4 and apparently use both mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFKB) pathways for nuclear signaling. However, it is not well known if the same enzyme systems found in mammalian cells are fully functional in chickens. Therefore, kinase inhibitors were used with thrombocytes to block kinases in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated cells to determine if interleukin (IL)-6 expression and production would be diminished. Results demonstrated that extracellular-signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2 and p38 MAPK pathways influence gene expression of IL-6 through treatment with either ERK or p38 MAPK inhibitor. In addition, thrombocyte lysates from cells treated with ERK, p38, mitogen-activated protein kinase kinase (MEK)1/2 and inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase (IKK) inhibitor showed different levels of the phosphorylated form of ERK1/2, p38 and NFκB. Furthermore, IL-6 gene expression and production were significantly upregulated in LPS stimulated thrombocytes relative to all inhibitor-treated cells.
High tunnels: protection for rather than from insect pests?

BACKGROUND High tunnels are a season extension tool creating a hybrid of field and greenhouse growing conditions. High tunnels have recently increased in the USA and thus research on their management is lacking. One purported advantage of these structures is protection from common field pests, but evidence to support this claim is lacking. We compared insect pest populations in high tunnels with field production over two years for three crops: tomato, broccoli and cucumber. RESULTS Greenhouse pests (e.g. aphids, whiteflies) were more prevalent in high tunnels, compared to field plots. Hornworms (tobacco (Manduca sexta L.) and tomato (M. quinquemaculata Haworth)), a common field pest on tomato, were also more abundant in high tunnels, requiring chemical control while field populations were low. The crucifer caterpillar complex (imported cabbageworm (Pieris rapae L.), diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and cabbage looper (Trichoplusia ni Hubner)) was also more abundant in high tunnels in 2010. Cucumber beetle (striped (Acalymma vittatum F.) and spotted (Diabrotica undecimpunctata Mannerheim)) densities were higher in high tunnels in 2010 and field plots in 2011. CONCLUSION The common assumption that high tunnels offer protection from field pests was not supported. Instead, high tunnel growing conditions may facilitate higher pest populations. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry
145 SEX DIFFERENCES IN THE CANNABINOID-INDUCED INCREASE IN FEEDING BEHAVIOR.

It is known that cannabinoids modulate feeding behavior in humans and rodent animal models. This may be due, in part, to cannabinoid interactions with the hypothalamic feeding circuitry. Several components of this neuronal network are sexually differentiated and steroid sensitive, and sex differences in the cannabinoid-induced consumption of palatable foods have been reported. Moreover, socioepidemiologic evidence points to obvious gender differences in feeding behavior; for example, females have a greater propensity toward having eating disorders, such as anorexia nervosa and bulimia. The present study used a guinea pig animal model to systematically evaluate potential sex differences in intrinsic feeding behavior between males and females, as well as sex differences in the cannabinoid-induced increase in feeding behavior. Experiments were performed using a comprehensive laboratory animal monitoring system (CLAMS), which enables the quantification of parameters such as food intake, meal frequency, meal duration, and the amount of food eaten per meal. After a 3-day acclimation period, animals were weighed and injected with either the CB1 receptor agonist (1 mg/kg, SC) or its cremophore/ethanol/saline vehicle (1/1/18; 0.1 mL/kg, SC) each day for 7 days. Whereas female guinea pigs showed a greater basal meal duration, male animals exhibited a more robust cannabinoid-induced increase in food intake, meal duration, and the amount of food per meal. On the other hand, cannabinoids decreased meal frequency to a similar extent in both males and females. From these data, it is apparent that the cannabinoid-induced increase in feeding behavior is mediated in a sexually differentiated manner. These results are in accordance with previous electrophysiologic studies in which the receptor-mediated modulation of an A-type potassium current was determined to be sex specific.
Geologic resource management in the National Park Service: A historical overview

ABSTRACT Burning embers are pushed over a 3,000 feet granite cliff to create a ‘firefall’ visitor spectacular. Sounds like an amusement park attraction? Actually, this and other actions have taken place in National Parks that were not conducive to good management of geologic resources. This article will explore the evolution of geologic resource management from its laissez-faire inception, to an era when landscape architects largely drove management of geologic resources, to today's policy-driven Geologic Resource Division that professionally provides comprehensive and project-specific assistance to parks.
Emergency Department Patient Perceptions of Transvaginal Ultrasound for Complications of First-Trimester Pregnancy.

OBJECTIVES Emergency department (ED) transvaginal ultrasound (US) is underused in clinical practice. This study assessed pregnant women's perceptions of ED transvaginal US in terms of pain, embarrassment, anxiety, and willingness to receive the procedure. Secondary variables include physicians' perceptions of patients' experiences. METHODS Women undergoing US examinations for complications of first-trimester pregnancy were prospectively surveyed before any US and after ED and/or radiology transvaginal US. Patients' and physicians' assessments of pain, embarrassment, and anxiety were measured with visual analog scales (0-100). RESULTS A total of 398 women were enrolled. In the pre-US survey, the median anxiety score was 14 (interquartile range, 3-51), and 96% of patients were willing to have an ED transvaginal US if necessary. Of those who had ED transvaginal US, 96% would agree to have another examination. Patients reported minimal pain/embarrassment, and there was no difference if performed in the ED versus radiology (median pain, 11.5 versus 13; P = .433; median embarrassment, 7 versus 4; P = .345). Of the 48 who had both ED and radiology transvaginal US, 85% thought the ED transvaginal US was worthwhile. Physicians accurately assessed patient's embarrassment and pain (mean differences, 3.5 and -1.9, respectively; P > .25 for both); however, they overestimated them relative to the pelvic examination (mean difference for embarrassment, 12.8; P < .0001; pain, 8.0; P = .01). CONCLUSIONS Pregnant ED patients report low levels of anxiety, pain, and embarrassment, and after ED transvaginal US, 96% would agree to have the examination again. There is no difference in pain/embarrassment between ED and radiology transvaginal US. Emergency department physicians accurately assessed patients' pain and embarrassment with ED transvaginal US but overestimated them compared to the pelvic examination.
Early Effects of FSH upon Testicular Metabolism

Growth and maturation of the testis culminating in the onset of complete spermatogenesis are clearly some of the most profound physiological changes which occur during the postnatal development of the male. These events are regulated to a large degree by two peptide hormones elaborated in the anterior hypophysis, i.e. LH and FSH. However, the exact role of the pituitary gonadotropins in the initiation and maintenance of spermatogenesis is not clearly understood. The current concept, based primarily on morphological evidence, is that FSH maintains the germinal epithelium and LH facilitates the completion of spermatogenesis by stimulating the Leydig cells to produce testosterone (1).
Lineage Relationships Connecting Germinal Regions to Brain Tumors

Gliomas are a primary cancer of the brain and one of the most lethal cancers known to man. Historically, the neoplastic transformation of fully differentiated glia was widely assumed to be the only mechanism for gliomagenesis. Astrocytes and oligodendrocytes, once thought to be the sole dividing cells in the postnatal brain, were assumed to represent the cellular compartment most susceptible to transformation. More recently, however, this hypothesis has been challenged by the discovery of stem cell and progenitor populations residing in the postnatal brain, which may themselves serve as an origin of brain tumors. Phenotypic and behavioral similarities between gliomas and adult neural stem cells raise the possibility that stem or progenitor cells can give rise to gliomas. Possible candidate cells-of-origin include neuroepithelial cells, radial glia, astrocytic neural stem cells (‘B cells’), transient amplifying precursors (‘C cells’) of the adult subventricular zone (SVZ), or oligodendrocyte progenitor cells of the white matter. While a direct link has yet to be established between any one of these cell types and tumor formation, the different cell lineages arising from the ventricular and subventricular zone during development in the adult may offer clues in deciphering the origin of various tumor subtypes, including gliomas.
Institutional Ownership in Financial Services: Performance and Risk

Institutional investor ownership has often been considered a corporate governance variable, typically used to proxy those investors’ ability to influence managers and to expropriate wealth from smaller shareholders. Large institutional investors have developed common holdings across numerous firms within industries. We consider the effects of institutional investor ownership with risk on the performance of banks and insurance companies. Using a generalized autoregressive conditional heteroscedasticity model with firm- and year-fixed effects, we find strong statistical relation between performance and individual firm’s ownership stakes by Blackrock and Fidelity. Moreover, we find a positive and statistically significant relation between performance and the percentage of the industry’s equity owned by the four organizations together. The findings suggest that some organizations like Blackrock are successful in obtaining long-term returns by exerting influence over the management of their invested firms, which is consistent with recent statements by the Blackrock CEO.
Creating Models for Rolling Up Indicator Data Into Scores

Abstract To convert field observations of indicators to scores or ratings, RAMs use models that may be either mathematical (e.g., averaging), narrative (e.g., Boolean logic), or both. Wherever possible, the authors of RAM models should evaluate whether the relationship between each indicator and what it predicts is causal (e.g., controlling) or merely correlative, and then reflect that knowledge in structuring the mathematical or narrative models to which that indicator contributes. Contingent (“switching”) relationships in indicator-function relationships should also be accounted for to whatever extent they are known. RAMs should account for differences in how each indicator responds in different settings (e.g., landscape position, wetland, or stream type).
Object-sensitive potential fields for mobile robot navigation and mapping in indoor environments

Mobile robots may be deployed in indoor environments for numerous tasks such as object manipulation, search and rescue, and infrastructure mapping. To be safely deployed in unknown and cluttered environments, mobile robots should be able to recognize both static and dynamic obstacles in its surroundings to determine its navigable paths. Current methods for navigating a mobile robot while avoiding obstacles do not consider the semantic categorization of objects when deciding how to move around them. This study proposes an obj ect-sensitive potential field method for mobile robot navigation and mapping in indoor environments. The mobile robot uses laser scanners to sense the 3D geometry of its surroundings. Next, a point-cloud based object detector is trained using deep learning techniques to semantically parse the laser scan data. The object detection output is used to create potential fields with varying strengths corresponding to the types of obj ects. This allows the path planning routine to strongly weigh immobile obstacles such as walls while weakly weighing potentially mobile obstacles such as chairs. The proposed algorithm was implemented and tested with a custom-designed mobile robot platform, Ground Robot for Mapping Infrastructure (GRoMI), in an indoor corridor environment. Overall, the proposed algorithm allowed for more intelligent navigation of mobile robots in cluttered environments by taking into account the categorization of obstacles.
Use of Therapeutic Plasma Exchange and ECMO Support with Impella for LV Vent as Treatment for Cardiogenic Shock in Acute Thyrotoxicosis/Thyroid Storm

The utility of therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) in acute thyrotoxicosis refractory to conventional therapy has been documented in case study literature. TPE has been shown to remove T3 and T4 bound to albumin, autoantibodies, catecholamines, and cytokines in patients with thyrotoxicosis. In clinical practice, TPE has been used as a treatment in refractory cases of acute thyrotoxicosis and as a bridge for those patients needing surgical treatment. At present, TPE is listed as an ASFA category III indication for thyrotoxicosis. We present a case of acute thyrotoxicosis and cardiogenic shock responsive to early TPE. A 27-year-old lady presented to our emergency department with dyspnea, nausea, and vomiting. She was found to be in atrial fibrillation with rapid ventricular response, hypotensive, and in acute respiratory distress requiring intubation. Her TSH was undetectable and her clinical condition rapidly declined. She developed acute cardiogenic shock (LVEF
Upper tract urothelial carcinoma is non-basal and T-cell depleted.

4525Background: Urothelial cancer (UC) of the upper urinary tract (UTUC) accounts for 5-10% of UC. Despite sharing a common histology with bladder UC (UCB), staging and prognosis differences have b...
From Organotypic Culture to Body-On-A-Chip: A Neuroendocrine Perspective

The methods used to study neuroendocrinology have been as diverse as the discoveries to come out of the field. Maintaining live neurones outside of a body in vitro was important from the beginning, building on methods that dated back to at least the first decade of the 20th Century. Neurosecretion defines an essential foundation of neuroendocrinology based on work that began in the 1920s and 1930s. Throughout the first half of the 20th Century, many paradigms arose for studying everything from single neurones to whole organs in vitro. Two of these survived as preeminent systems for use throughout the second half of the century: cell cultures and explant systems. Slice cultures and explants that emerged as organotypic technologies included such neuroendocrine organs such as the brain, pituitary, adrenals and intestine. The vast majority of these studies were carried out in static cultures for which media were changed over a time scale of days. Tissues were used for experimental techniques such as electrical recording of neuronal physiology in single cells and observation by live microscopy. When maintained in vitro, many of these systems only partially capture the in vivo physiology of the organ system of interest, often because of a lack of cellular diversity (eg, neuronal cultures lacking glia). Modern microfluidic methodologies show promise for organ systems, ranging from the reproductive to the gastrointestinal to the brain. Moving forward and striving to understand the mechanisms that drive neuroendocrine signalling centrally and peripherally, there will always be a need to consider the heterogeneous cellular compositions of organs in vivo.
Potential Active Shooter Detection Based on Radar Micro-Doppler and Range-Doppler Analysis Using Artificial Neural Network

This paper presents a detection method of remotely identifying a potential active shooter with a concealed rifle/shotgun based on radar micro-Doppler and range-Doppler signature analysis. By studying and comparing the micro-Doppler and range-Doppler information of human subjects carrying a concealed rifle versus other similar activities, special features are extracted and applied for detecting people with suspicious behaviors. An artificial neural network is adopted in this work to complete the activity classification, and the classification result shows a 99.21% accuracy of differentiating human subjects carrying a concealed rifle from other similar activities. Due to the properties of radar sensor, the proposed method does not involve sensitive information such as visual images, and thus can better protect the privacy while being able to see-through the clothing for reliable detection.
Bio-inspired, nitrogen doped CNT-graphene hybrid with amphiphilic properties as a porous current collector for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract Carbon-based materials have been proposed as current collectors for lithium ion batteries (LIBs), however few of them have successfully integrated sp2 carbon and reach in sp3 carbon into one monolithic structure: in a way that sp2 carbon is responsible for electron transfer and sp3 carbon is capable for a high loading of active materials. Here we report an in-situ growth of a nitrogen-doped carbon nanotube (NCNT) on a three-dimensional (3D) graphene network. The proposed structure (NCNT-3DG) is a bio-inspired nanomaterial with a design of a “natural forest”. The in-situ growth of NCNT on 3D graphene guarantees a fast electron transfer between NCNT and 3DG. The hydrophilic nature of NCNTs insures a high loading of the active materials, such as Li4Ti5O12 (LTO). The designed LTO-NCNT-3DG electrode achieves an active materials loading of 74 wt% of the overall electrode mass, compared to about 20 wt% on traditional metal foil and 55 wt% on other reported carbon current collectors. Such a hybrid electrode delivers a higher specific capacity of 158 mAh g−1 at 5C. The specific capacity retains 94% after 2000 cycles at 10 C. The proposed NCNT-3DG current collector is a novel strategy for fast charging LIBs.
Connexin43 Suppresses Lung Cancer Stem Cells

Alterations in gap junctions and their protein components, connexins, have been associated with neoplastic transformation and drug resistance, and more recently have been shown to play important roles in cancer stem cells (CSCs). However, there is less knowledge of connexins and gap junctions in lung CSCs. To address this, Connexin43 (Cx43), the major human lung epithelial gap junction protein, was expressed ectopically in poorly expressing National Cancer Institute-125 (NCI-H125) metastatic human lung adenocarcinoma cells, and phenotypic characteristics of malignant cells and abundance of CSCs were evaluated. The ectopic expression of Cx43 resulted in the formation of functional gap junctions; a more epithelial morphology; reduced proliferation, invasion, colony formation, tumorsphere formation, pluripotency marker expression, and percentage of aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH)-positive cells; and increased cisplatin sensitivity. Similarly, in NCI-H522 (human lung adenocarcinoma) and NCI-H661 (human lung large cell carcinoma) cell lines, which express Cx43 and functional gap junctions endogenously, the Cx43 content was lower in tumorspheres and ALDH-positive cells than in bulk cells. These results demonstrate that Cx43 can reverse several neoplastic characteristics and reduce the abundance of human lung CSCs.
Histone deacetylase inhibitors restore normal hippocampal synaptic plasticity and seizure threshold in a mouse model of Tuberous Sclerosis Complex

Abnormal synaptic plasticity has been implicated in several neurological disorders including epilepsy, dementia and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). Tuberous Sclerosis Complex (TSC) is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder that manifests with seizures, autism, and cognitive deficits. The abnormal intracellular signaling underlying TSC has been the focus of many studies. However, nothing is known about the role of histone modifications in contributing to the neurological manifestations in TSC. Dynamic regulation of chromatin structure via post translational modification of histone tails has been implicated in learning, memory and synaptic plasticity. Histone acetylation and associated gene activation plays a key role in plasticity and so we asked whether histone acetylation might be dysregulated in TSC. In this study, we report a general reduction in hippocampal histone H3 acetylation levels in a mouse model of TSC2. Pharmacological inhibition of Histone Deacetylase (HDAC) activity restores histone H3 acetylation levels and ameliorates the aberrant plasticity in TSC2+/− mice. We describe a novel seizure phenotype in TSC2+/− mice that is also normalized with HDAC inhibitors (HDACis). The results from this study suggest an unanticipated role for chromatin modification in TSC and may inform novel therapeutic strategies for TSC patients.
Epidemiologic patterns of human Salmonella serotype diversity in the USA, 1996-2016.

Although researchers have described numerous risk factors for salmonellosis and for infection with specific common serotypes, the drivers of Salmonella serotype diversity among human populations remain poorly understood. In this retrospective observational study, we partition records of serotyped non-typhoidal Salmonella isolates from human clinical specimens reported to CDC national surveillance by demographic, geographic and seasonal characteristics and adapt sample-based rarefaction methods from the field of community ecology to study how Salmonella serotype diversity varied within and among these populations in the USA during 1996–2016. We observed substantially higher serotype richness in children <2 years old than in older children and adults and steadily increasing richness with age among older adults. Whereas seasonal and regional variation in serotype diversity was highest among infants and young children, variation by specimen source was highest in adults. Our findings suggest that the risk for infection from uncommon serotypes is associated with host and environmental factors, particularly among infants, young children and older adults. These populations may have a higher proportion of illness acquired through environmental transmission pathways than published source attribution models estimate.
Local honey bees (Apis mellifera) have lower pathogen loads and higher productivity compared to non-local transplanted bees in North America

Honey bees (Apis mellifera) are currently facing increased colony losses due to various environmental and pathogen-related factors. Recent studies have suggested that both colony survivability and ...
Sense of place as a predictor of beliefs about energy development: A study in Pennsylvania’s Marcellus Shale

Abstract Social scientists have demonstrated that beliefs about energy development are influenced by demographic, psychological, and contextual factors. One factor gaining increasing attention is sense of place, which refers to the meanings, attachments, and degree of satisfaction individuals hold toward particular settings. This study employed a survey-based psychometric approach to examine the relationship between sense of place and local beliefs about the development of one of the United States’ (U.S.) largest natural gas reservoirs, the Marcellus Shale. Data were from a survey of residents of the state of Pennsylvania living across four counties that have experienced rapid unconventional natural gas development. Sense of place was measured using three scales corresponding to its distinct components identified in the literature: place meanings, place attachment, and place satisfaction. Findings demonstrated that sense of place, particularly place satisfaction, was significantly associated with beliefs about the effects of Marcellus Shale development, but these relationships varied depending on whether the beliefs were oriented toward effects on respondents’ local environment, community, or economy. Findings also suggested respondents on average found Marcellus Shale development to be generally enhancing to their sense of place, rather than disruptive. Implications and avenues for further research are discussed.
Cognitive Biases in Negotiation - Literature Review

Objective: The purpose of this paper is also to thoroughly review those studies in the management literature that focused on bias in negotiation and to ascertain a couple of new research trajectories that could be observed as the result. As a matter of fact, a human’s judgment making capacity and behavior could be greatly influenced by cognitive misperceptions thus affecting decisions in negotiations. Whilst Thompson (2006) analytically examined the effects of biased decision-making processes for negotiations, the intention of this paper is to fill the gap through a systematic assessment of the literature.
Ventricular assist devices and middle age reduce heart transplantation rates for waitlist candidates.

BACKGROUND Ventricular assist devices (VADs) are commonly employed as a bridge to transplantation for heart failure. The full effects of VADs on transplantation rates are not fully understood. We sought to compare transplantation rates stratified by age and VAD status. METHODS Using the Organ Procurement and Transplantation Network (OPTN) database, we investigated the impact of age and VAD status on heart allocation rates among all transplant-eligible patients from January 2005 to September 2018. Patients were grouped based on the presence (+) or absence (-) of a VAD as well as age ( 65 years). Demographics were compared with a multivariate competing risk analysis that yielded risk-adjusted subdistribution hazard ratios (SHR). RESULTS Among the 50 602 total waitlist candidates, 18 271 patients with a VAD had higher rates of diabetes and cerebrovascular disease at waitlist entry. Multivariate analysis found statistically significant lower rates of transplantation for all (+)VAD groups compared with age-matched (-)VAD counterparts, with the 45- to 65-year-old (+)VAD group having the lowest transplantation rate (SHR = 0.62; P < .0005). Among (-)VAD patients, transplantation rates increased with increase in age. CONCLUSIONS There is a statistically significant reduced rate of transplantation for patients with a VAD compared with those without a VAD, with the lowest rate among those of ages 45 to 65 years with a VAD. The increasing prevalence of this demographic and the deprioritization of VADs in the new heart allocation criteria have the potential to further exacerbate this difference.
The mediated effects of maternal depression and infant temperament on maternal role

We examined prenatal depression, postpartum depression, and infant temperament, respectively, in a mediated process model to predict maternal role. Using a prospective, observational design, we surveyed 168 women during pregnancy and then in postpartum. Data analyses supported the contribution of each variable in an ascending fashion (ab = −0.01, SE = 0.004, 95 % CI [−0.021, −0.004]), such that infant temperament had the strongest effects (sr 2 = .124, p < .001). Further, postpartum depression was found to influence maternal role with both direct effects and indirect effects via infant temperament. These results highlighted the significant impact postpartum depression may have on maternal role. Future interventions targeting mothers experiencing or who are at risk for depression may consider tools to improve mother-baby interactions. The effects of such intervention may subsequently improve both infant temperament and maternal role evaluation.
Mechanistic Insight into Orthodontic Tooth Movement Based on Animal Studies: A Critical Review.

Alveolar bone remodeling in orthodontic tooth movement (OTM) is a highly regulated process that coordinates bone resorption by osteoclasts and new bone formation by osteoblasts. Mechanisms involved in OTM include mechano-sensing, sterile inflammation-mediated osteoclastogenesis on the compression side and tensile force-induced osteogenesis on the tension side. Several intracellular signaling pathways and mechanosensors including the cilia and ion channels transduce mechanical force into biochemical signals that stimulate formation of osteoclasts or osteoblasts. To date, many studies were performed in vitro or using human gingival crevicular fluid samples. Thus, the use of transgenic animals is very helpful in examining a cause and effect relationship. Key cell types that participate in mediating the response to OTM include periodontal ligament fibroblasts, mesenchymal stem cells, osteoblasts, osteocytes, and osteoclasts. Intercellular signals that stimulate cellular processes needed for orthodontic tooth movement include receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), dickkopf Wnt signaling pathway inhibitor 1 (DKK1), sclerostin, transforming growth factor beta (TGF-β), and bone morphogenetic proteins (BMPs). In this review, we critically summarize the current OTM studies using transgenic animal models in order to provide mechanistic insight into the cellular events and the molecular regulation of OTM.
A Modular Synthetic Route Involving N-Aryl-2-nitrosoaniline Intermediates Leads to a New Series of 3-Substituted Halogenated Phenazine Antibacterial Agents

Pathogenic bacteria demonstrate incredible abilities to evade conventional antibiotics through the development of resistance and formation of dormant, surface-attached biofilms. Therefore, agents that target and eradicate planktonic and biofilm bacteria are of significant interest. We explored a new series of halogenated phenazines (HP) through the use of N-aryl-2-nitrosoaniline synthetic intermediates that enabled functionalization of the 3-position of this scaffold. Several HPs demonstrated potent antibacterial and biofilm-killing activities (e.g., HP 29, against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus: MIC = 0.075 μM; MBEC = 2.35 μM), and transcriptional analysis revealed that HPs 3, 28, and 29 induce rapid iron starvation in MRSA biofilms. Several HPs demonstrated excellent activities against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (HP 34, MIC = 0.80 μM against CDC1551). This work established new SAR insights, and HP 29 demonstrated efficacy in dorsal wound infection models in mice. Encouraged by these findings, we believe that HPs could lead to significant advances in the treatment of challenging infections.
Improving characterization of hypertrophy-induced murine cardiac dysfunction using four-dimensional ultrasound-derived strain mapping.

High-frequency four-dimensional ultrasound can be used in conjunction with standardized analysis procedures to simultaneously extract left-ventricular global function, morphometry, and regional str...
How Qualified Immunity Protects Police Officers Accused of Wrongdoing

The U.S. legal system has two types of immunity. The first is absolute immunity, which has a long history dating back to judges’ rulings under English common law from the 1700s. The second kind of immunity, the one that affects police officers, stems from the Civil Rights Act of 1871.
Phospho-β-glucosidases and β-Glucoside Permeases in Streptococcus, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus

The presence of phospho-β-glucosidases and β-glucoside permeases was found in strains of Streptococcus, Bacillus, and Staphylococcus. In streptococci, the phospho-β-glucosidase activity depends on the antigenic group. The highest activity was found in strains of group D. In group D strains, phospho-β-glucosidase activity is induced by β-methyl glucoside and cellobiose but not by thiophenyl β-glucoside (TPG). With the exception of four strains isolated in Japan, all strains of B. subtilis tested possess an inducible phospho-β-glucosidase activity, β-methyl glucoside, cellobiose, and TPG acting as inducers. S. aureus strains possess phospho-β-glucosidase A but not phospho-β-glucosidase B, whereas most S. albus strains show no detectable phospho-β-glucosidase activity. The prompt fermentation of β-methyl glucoside by S. aureus strains could serve as an additional criterion for their differentiation from S. albus. A comparative investigation of the active uptake of 14C-TPG showed that a Streptococcus group D strain and a B. subtilis strain posses two inducible permeases with characteristics similar to the β-glucoside permeases I and II of Enterobacteriaceae. In S. aureus, TPG is accumulated by a constitutive permease with high affinity for aromatic β-glucosides and glucose. The active uptake of TPG by S. aureus appears to depend on the activity of the phosphoenol pyruvate-dependent phosphotransferase system.
Sexual Harassment and Assault: Chilling the Climate for Women in Academia

An extensive body of literature has documented the widespread and damaging nature of sexual harassment and assault on college campuses, yet little research has investigated the impact of such victimization on the academic climate. This study examined experiences of sexual harassment and assault among 1,037 female undergraduate and graduate students, with a particular focus on educational outcomes. Multivariate analyses of variance revealed significant negative effects of harassment and assault on perceptions of academic climate. We also investigated the extent and effects of double victimization (i.e., experiences of both harassment and assault), as well as the relationships among sexual harassment types, incidence rates, and frequencies. Issues of sexual orientation and race/ethnicity are explored throughout the article, with membership in different groups affecting victimization incidence rates as well as harassment labeling.
Passive mechanical gravity compensation for robot manipulators

A simple mechanical method for passively compensating for gravitationally induced joint torques is presented. This energy-conservative gravity-compensation method is suitable for a variety of manipulator designs. With cables and appropriate pulley profiles, changes in potential energy associated with link motion through a gravity field can be mapped to changes in strain energy storage in spring elements. The resulting system requires significant energy input only for acceleration and deceleration or to resist external forces. A testbed with both single- and double-link configurations has demonstrated the efficiency and accuracy of this gravity compensation method, as well as its robustness under dynamic loading conditions. >
Flying Above the Law and Under the Radar: Instilling a Taxpaying Ethos in Those Playing by Their Own Rules

These days it really does seem like "only the little people pay taxes." Whether they are from the world of politics, sports or entertainment, the elites of this country are demonstrating a penchant for not paying their taxes. Nevertheless, Americans in general continue to exhibit a high degree of tax compliance. Why do most people pay their taxes? What distinguishes them from those who cheat? What can we learn from these differences that could promote greater compliance amoung noncompliant segments of the populace?This article examines these questions in light of the relevant social science literature. As a general matter, empirical research regarding tax compliance finds that the conventional analysis of compliance in terms of penalties and enforcement activity only represents a piece of the overall compliance dynamic. Beyond such deterrence mechanisms an individual‘s taxpaying behavior is shaped by a wide variety of cultural, institutional, and individual factors. When a confluence of such factors exists within a society they create a cultural norm in favor of honoring one‘s tax obligations that is persistent and self-reinforcing, a "taxpaying ethos." This article hightlights the most relevant factors contributing to the creation of a taxpaying ethos and utilizes them to create a framework for promoting increased tax compliance among historically reticent groups of taxpayers. Part II of this article reviews the inadequacy of the traditional deterrence approach to tax compliance and contrasts it with the taxpaying ethos explanation. Part III examines the empirically identified factors influencing a society's taxpaying commitment. Part IV translates these factors into general policy prescriptions aimed a cultivating a taxpaying ethos in a society.
T cell development involves TRAF3IP3-mediated ERK signaling in the Golgi

Generation of T lymphocytes in the thymus is guided by signal transduction from the T cell receptor (TCR), but the underlying mechanism is incompletely understood. Here we have identified a Golgi-associated factor, TRAF3-interacting protein 3 (TRAF3IP3), as a crucial mediator of thymocyte development. TRAF3IP3 deficiency in mice attenuates the generation of mature thymocytes caused by impaired thymocyte-positive selection. TRAF3IP3 mediates TCR-stimulated activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) and its upstream kinase mitogen/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK). Interestingly, TRAF3IP3 exerts this signaling function through recruiting MEK to the Golgi and, thereby, facilitating the interaction of MEK with its activator BRAF. Transgenic expression of a constitutively active MEK rescues the T cell development block in Traf3ip3 knockout mice. These findings establish TRAF3IP3 as a novel regulator of T cell development and suggest a Golgi-specific ERK signaling mechanism that regulates thymocyte development.
Respiratory metabolism and body water turnover rates of Perognathus formosus in its natural environment

Abstract 1. 1. Gravimetric and isotopic determinations of the respiratory and water metabolism of Perognathus formosus in the laboratory are in substantial agreement with values which are known from other heteromyid species obtained under similar conditions. 2. 2. Isotopic determinations in the field of these parameters in P. formosus yield respiratory metabolic values reflective of an active animal in a non-post-absorptive state. Body water turnover rates range from 2·4 to 4·0 times greater than those previously measured in heteromyid rodents. 3. 3. With the ability to measure metabolism in natural environments, continued reliance upon values obtained from laboratory experiments would seem limiting when insights into the physiological ecology of a species are sought.
Barbiturates Require the N Terminus and First Transmembrane Domain of the δ Subunit for Enhancement of α1β3δ GABAA Receptor Currents

GABAA receptors are composed predominantly of αβγ receptors, which mediate primarily synaptic inhibition, and αβδ receptors, which mediate primarily extrasynaptic inhibition. At saturating GABA concentrations, the barbiturate pentobarbital substantially increased the amplitude and desensitization of the α1β3δ receptor but not the α1β3γ2L receptor currents. To explore the structural domains of the δ subunit that are involved in pentobarbital potentiation and increased desensitization of α1β3δ currents, chimeric cDNAs were constructed by progressive replacement of γ2L subunit sequence with a δ subunit sequence or a δ subunit sequence with a γ2L subunit sequence, and HEK293T cells were co-transfected with α1 and β3 subunits or α1 and β3 subunits and a γ2L, δ, or chimeric subunit. Currents evoked by a saturating concentration of GABA or by co-application of GABA and pentobarbital were recorded using the patch clamp technique. By comparing the extent of enhancement and changes in kinetic properties produced by pentobarbital among chimeric and wild type receptors, we concluded that although potentiation of α1β3δ currents by pentobarbital required the δ subunit sequence from the N terminus to proline 241 in the first transmembrane domain (M1), increasing desensitization of α1β3δ currents required a δ subunit sequence from the N terminus to isoleucine 235 in M1. These findings suggest that the δ subunit N terminus and N-terminal portion of the M1 domain are, at least in part, involved in transduction of the allosteric effect of pentobarbital to enhance α1β3δ currents and that this effect involves a distinct but overlapping structural domain from that involved in altering desensitization.
Decay properties of the new isotope 243Cf and of 244Cf

Abstract A new isotope of californium 243 Cf has been produced in the bombardments of 235 U, 236 U and 238 U with 12 C ions. At the same time new values for the half-life and α-particle energy observed in the decay of 244 Cf were obtained.
Ultrafast relaxation of hot optical phonons in monolayer and multilayer graphene on different substrates

Abstract Hot carrier cooling in few-layer and multilayer epitaxial graphene on SiC, and chemical vapor deposition (CVD) grown graphene transferred onto a glass substrate was investigated by transient absorption spectroscopy and imaging. Coupling to the substrate was found to play a critical role in charge carrier cooling. For both multilayer epitaxial graphene and monolayer CVD graphene, charge carriers transfer heat predominantly to intrinsic in-plane optical phonons of graphene. At high pump intensity, a significant number of optical phonons are accumulated, and the optical phonon lifetime presents a bottleneck for charge carrier cooling. This hot phonon effect did not occur in few-layer epitaxial graphene because of strong coupling to the substrate, which provided additional cooling channels. The limiting charge carrier lifetimes at high excitation densities were 1.8 ± 0.1 ps and 1.4 ± 0.1 ps for multilayer epitaxial graphene and monolayer CVD graphene, respectively. These values represent lower limits on the optical phonon lifetime for the graphene samples.