cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nonmedical prescription sedative/tranquilizer use in alcohol and opioid use disorders.

Abstract Aims Nonmedical prescription sedative/tranquilizer (e.g., benzodiazepines) use (NMSTU) increases risk of overdose when combined with opioids and/or alcohol. Yet, little is known about NMSTU among those with alcohol and opioid use disorders. We aimed to characterize NMSTU and sedative/tranquilizer use disorder among adults with alcohol use disorder (AUD) and/or opioid use disorder (OUD) in a general population sample. Methods We conducted analyses of 2008–2014 National Survey on Drug Use and Health data; adults with past-year AUD-only (n = 27,416), OUD-only (n = 2142), and co-occurring AUD and OUD (n = 1483) were included (total N = 31,041). Multivariable logistic regression models were utilized to examine correlates of past-month NMSTU and past-year sedative/tranquilizer use disorder. Focal independent variables were polysubstance use (i.e., number of substances used in the previous year) and psychiatric distress. Results Among those with AUD-only, 27.1% reported lifetime NMSTU, 7.6% reported past-year NMSTU, 2.7% reported past-month NMSTU, and 0.6% met criteria for past-year sedative/tranquilizer use disorder. Corresponding prevalence rates among those with OUD-only were 69.5%, 43.0%, 22.6%, and 11.3%. Those with co-occurring AUD and OUD displayed the highest rates of NMSTU (e.g., 27.5% with past-month NMSTU) and sedative/tranquilizer use disorder (20.2%). Across groups, more severe polysubstance use and psychiatric distress were associated with increased risk of NMSTU and sedative/tranquilizer use disorder. Conclusions Results of this analysis indicate that >25% of adults with AUD and approximately 70% of those with OUD report lifetime NMSTU. Among these populations, individuals with more polysubstance use and greater psychiatric distress might benefit from targeted interventions to reduce NMSTU.
Atmospheric remote sensing with convoys of miniature radars

Recent technological advances have enabled the miniaturization of microwave instruments (radars and radiometers) so they can fit on very small satellites, with enough capability to measure atmospheric temperature, water vapor and clouds. The miniaturization makes these systems inexpensive enough to allow scientists to contemplate placing several examples in low-Earth orbit concurrently, to observe atmospheric dynamics in clouds and storms. To identify the most important weather and climate problems that can be addressed with these new observations, and to develop corresponding observation strategies using these "distributed" systems, specific analyses were conducted and used to justify "distributed" measurement requirements and quantify their expected performance. This presentation will describe the types of convoys, the expected observations, and their applications.
Conflicts and congruencies between predictive policing and the patrol officer’s craft

In what ways does the introduction of micro-grid crime prediction technology conflict with or align with patrolling officers’ craft? We investigate this question using qualitative data collected du...
POLARIMETRY AND PHYSICS OF SOLAR SYSTEM BODIES

We present a historical review of polarimetric observations of planetary atmospheres, comets, atmosphereless solar system bodies, and terrestrial materials. We highlight the study of physical and optical parameters of planetary atmospheres. Polarimetric observations of the atmospheres of Venus, Mars, Jupiter and Saturn have made it possible to determine the real part of the refractive index and the cumulative size distribution function for the constituent cloud layers. We describe a simple and reliable method of quantifying absorptive cloud layers of the giant planets and predict the vertical structure of aerosol layers of planetary atmospheres based on the analysis of observational spectropolarimetric data of contours of molecular absorption bands at the center of the planetary disk. The method is effective only when experimental data exist in a broad interval of phase angles. Using this method we can determine aerosol sizes in the atmospheres of Uranus and Neptune.
Informing Precision Home Visiting: Identifying Meaningful Subgroups of Families Who Benefit Most from Family Spirit.

The Maternal, Infant, and Early Childhood Home Visiting Program was reauthorized February 8, 2018, and invests $2 billion over 5 years to improve mothers’ and children’s outcomes across the life course. Along with this investment, the home-visiting field is striving for implementation innovations to deliver the greatest impact to the most families at the most efficient cost through a focus on precision home visiting. Consistent with the precision home-visiting approach to identify meaningful subgroups to guide content tailoring, the purpose of this paper is to answer (1) how and to what degree an evidence-based home-visiting model benefits mothers and children with substance use or depression and (2) what baseline characteristics indicate who can benefit most. We completed a secondary data analysis of the most recently completed randomized controlled trial (RCT) of Family Spirit (N = 322), a federally endorsed home-visiting intervention designed for young Native American mothers and their children. We examined how baseline differences in mothers’ substance use, depression, and demographic characteristics (household mobility, education, parity, and premature birth) moderated mothers’ and children’s intervention-related outcomes. Children born to mothers with past substance use histories benefited more from the intervention than children born to abstinent mothers (p < 0.01). Unstable housing, parity, and low educational attainment emerged as moderators of intervention effectiveness. Results from this investigation will serve as a basis for designing and evaluating a precision approach to Family Spirit and may provide lessons for other models to explore tailoring variables for optimal impact and efficiency. Trial Registry: NCT00373750
Use of a bioengineered antioxidant in mouse models of metabolic syndrome

Background: Oxidative stress has been implicated in metabolic syndrome (MetS); however, antioxidants such as vitamin E have had limited success in the clinic. This prompts the question of what effects amore potent antioxidant might produce. A prime candidate is the recently developed bioengineered antioxidant, poly(ethylene glycol)-functionalizedhydrophilic carbon clusters (PEG-HCCs), which are capable of neutralizing the reactive oxygen species (ROS) superoxide anion and hydroxyl radical at106/molecule of PEG-HCC. In this project, we tested the potential of PEG-HCCs as a possible therapeutic for MetS.Results: PEG-HCC treatment lessened lipid peroxidation, aspartate aminotransferase levels, non-fastingblood glucose levels, and JNK phosphorylation inob/ob mice. PEG-HCC-treated WT mice had an increased response to insulin by insulin tolerance tests and adecrease in blood glucose by glucose tolerance tests. These effects were not observed in HFD-fed mice, regardless of treatment. PEG-HCCs were observed in the interstitial space of liver, spleen, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue. No significant difference was shown in gluconeogenesis or inflammatory gene expression between treatment and dietary groups.Expert Opinion: PEG-HCCs improved some parameters of disease possibly due to a resulting increase in peripheral insulin sensitivity. However, additional studies are needed to elucidate how PEG-HCCsare producing these effects.
Ophthalmology Resident Surgical Competence: A Survey of Program Directors.

Abstract Many ophthalmology residents struggle with the acquisition of surgical skills, but a large majority are successfully remediated before graduation using supportive measures and modern ophthalmic surgical training.
Gut dysbiosis and age-related neurological diseases; an innovative approach for therapeutic interventions

The gut microbiota is a complex ecosystem of bacteria, fungi, and viruses that acts as a critical regulator in microbial, metabolic, and immune responses in the host organism. Imbalances in the gut microbiota, termed "dysbiosis," often induce aberrant immune responses, which in turn disrupt the local and systemic homeostasis of the host. Emerging evidence has highlighted the importance of gut microbiota in intestinal diseases, and more recently, in age-related central nervous systems diseases, for example, stroke and Alzheimer's disease. It is now generally recognized that gut microbiota significantly influences host behaviors and modulates the interaction between microbiota, gut, and brain, via the "microbiota-gut-brain axis." Several approaches have been utilized to reduce age-related dysbiosis in experimental models and in clinical studies. These include strategies to manipulate the microbiome via fecal microbiota transplantation, administration of prebiotics and probiotics, and dietary interventions. In this review, we explore both clinical and preclinical therapies for treating age-related dysbiosis.
Color-Blind Racism in Pandemic Times:

In this article the author examines how the frameworks of color-blind racism have influenced many topics during the pandemic. Using readily available material from popular culture (TV shows, newspa...
Donor Transient Myocardial Dysfunction - Structural versus Hypoxic Brain Injury

Purpose We theorized that transient myocardial dysfunction in donors with hypoxic brain injury will have different markers, risk factors and prognosis in comparison to donors with structural brain injury. Methods All heart transplant recipients between 2010 - 2017 were categorized according to whether they received an organ from donor with structural (traumatic + stroke) versus hypoxic brain injury. Baseline donor characteristics were evaluated for association with transient myocardial dysfunction and post-transplantation outcomes (PGD, survival, freedom from rejection, and CAV) of grafts recovered from donors with transient dysfunction were compared to those without dysfunction. Results Altogether 248 donor hearts were transplanted during a study period (222 heart-alone, 12 re-do, 11 heart-kidney, 2 heart-liver and 1 heart-lung). Pre-donation transient myocardial dysfunction was detected in 14 out of 177 donors with structural brain injury (8%) and 9 out of 71 donors with hypoxic brain injury (13%). Myocardial dysfunction in donors with structural brain injury was associated with low BMI (P = .002) and elevated serum troponin (P = .032). Myocardial dysfunction in donors with hypoxic brain injury was associated with the number of blood products received before donation (P = .032). Post-transplantation outcomes of recipients who received an organ with and without transient pre-recovery dysfunction stratified by the donor cause of death are summarized in Table 1. Conclusion Transient myocardial dysfunction in donors with hypoxic brain death is quite common and is associated with different variables than in donors with structural brain death. Pre-donation transient graft dysfunction is not associated with inferior post-transplantation outcome in neither donors after structural nor hypoxic brain injury group. Organs recovered from donors after hypoxic brain death with transient dysfunction showed a trend towards less freedom from graft vasculopathy in comparison to non-dysfunctional organs.
Improved Phishing Detection Algorithms using Adversarial Autoencoder Synthesized Data

Malicious actors often use phishing attacks to compromise legitimate users’ credentials. Machine learning is a promising approach for phishing detection. While the accuracy of machine learning algorithms is often dependent on the training data, very little attack data for training is available. We propose an approach for augmenting existing datasets that can be used by machine learning algorithms. We use an Adversarial Autoencoder (AAE) to generate samples that mimic the phishing websites and provide metrics to assess the quality of the generated samples. We test these samples against models trained with real-world data. Some of generated samples are able to evade existing detection model. We then use a portion of these samples in training. The new machine learning models are more robust and have higher accuracy. In other words, real-world phishing site data augmented with AAE synthesized data used for training the model is more effective for phishing detection.
Insulin Resistance Associated Acne

Insulin Resistance Associated Acne alludes to a subset of acne vulgaris that is driven by exaggerated insulin/IGF-1 signalling. It has a distinctive clinical profile defined by attendant companion morphologies, notably, acanthosis nigricans and benign cutaneous hyperplasias. It has comorbidities derived from hormonal disturbances (PCOS), immune dysfunction, hypovitaminoses, and features of evolving metabolic syndrome. It begins earlier than acne vulgaris, commonly as preadolescent acne, and can be predicted to persist as adult acne, even beyond menopause. It is a spectral entity with complex pathogenesis with mTORC1 overactivity as the most important aberration. It demands additional therapeutic interventions such as insulin-sensitizing agents and mTORC1 inhibitors.
Prognostic Value of Complementary Echocardiography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quantitative Evaluation for Isolated Tricuspid Regurgitation

Background: Isolated tricuspid regurgitation (TR) remains a management dilemma with poor outcomes. Echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) are valuable tools for evaluating TR...
Characterization of the grape powdery mildew genetic resistance loci in Muscadinia rotundifolia Trayshed

Muscadinia rotundifolia cv. Trayshed is a valuable source of resistance to grape powdery mildew (PM). It carries two PM resistance (R) loci, Run1.2 on chromosome 12 and Run2.2 on chromosome 18. This study identified the nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat (NLR) genes composing each R locus and their associated defense mechanisms. Evaluation of PM disease development showed that introgression of both loci confers resistance to PM in a V. vinifera background, but with varying speed and intensity of the response. To better understand the effect of NLR composition on PM resistance, both haplotypes of each R locus were reconstructed and the gene models within each haplotype were manually refined. We found that the number and classes of NLR genes differed between Run1.2 and Run2.2 loci and between the haplotypes of each R locus. In addition, NLR genes composing Run1.2b or Run2.2 loci exhibited different levels of gene expression, pointing to candidate NLR genes responsible for PM resistance in Trayshed. Finally, a transcriptomic analysis that included six additional R loci showed differences in the defense mechanisms associated with Run1.2b and Run2.2 in response to PM and at constitutive level. Altogether, our results reveal that Trayshed9s R loci are composed of distinct NLRs that trigger different plant defense mechanisms in response to PM and at constitutive level, which would explain the variation of pathogen restriction between the two loci.
Pediatric nursing in Switzerland.

S WITZERLAND is a federal union of 26 states with four national languages. It has a population of close to 6.5 million. The health care system is state governed. Switzerland has a predominantly private insurance system. Similar to other high-tech societies. the Swiss are caught between two divergent sociopolitical demands: to reduce ever-climbing medical expenditures, while at the same time offering the individual the best of technically possible services and ultimate safety. Nursing education is federally regulated by the Swiss Red Cross. IJp to 1991, there were three separate diploma programs accredited: (a) pediatric, (b) psychiatric, and (c) general adult nursing. To date, there is no university-based nursing education in Switzerland. Beginning in 1992, diploma nursing education will be fundamentally reconceptualized: nursing models will become the guide for basic education. Emphasis on study of caring for specific patient groups will occur late in the diploma program and specialization at the postdiploma level. Pediatric nursing education has been on the forefront of advocating psychosocial understanding and family-oriented thinking, in addition to the biomedical emphasis of the traditional training.
Coping with infertility in couples: Gender differences

Despite the fact that the incidence of infertility is increasing, health care professionals know very little about gender differences in responses to infertility. This study was designed to (1) explore gender difference in the problems of infertile women and men, (2) compare and contrast how women and men cope with the problems, and (3) explore gender differences in personal and social resources available for coping with infertility. Sixty‐six individuals, 39 females and 27 males, responded to a self‐administered questionnaire. Results of this study confirmed that women and men experience infertility differently. Women had significantly more problems in the areas of self‐esteem, personal life, health care systems, and occupation. There were no gender differences in social support ratings or in access to a confidant. Both women and men used a similar number of problem‐focused coping strategies. Women, however, also employed significantly more emotion‐focused coping strategies than did men. Results of this ...
Both Sides Now

Etude de la chimie atmospherique suivant deux approches: 1) des etudes en laboratoire de la thermodynamique et de la cinetique des procedes intervenant dans l'acidification de l'eau des nuages et 2) des mesures directes sur le terrain pour determiner la composition des nuages et elucider les mecanismes de formation des constituants
Kondo effect of nonmagnetic impurities and coexisting charge order in cuprate superconductors

We present a theory of the Kondo effect in the cuprate superconductors caused by an induced magnetic moment near nonmagnetic impurities such as Zn and Li. Based on the coexistence of charge order and superconductivity, a natural description of the induced moment and the resulting Kondo effect is obtained in the framework of the bond-operator theory of the microscopic $t\ensuremath{-}J\ensuremath{-}V$ Hamiltonian. The local density of states near impurities is computed in a self-consistent Bogoliubov-de Gennes theory which shows a low-energy peak in the middle of superconducting gap. Our theory also suggests that the amplitude of charge order is enhanced near impurities.
Exclusion of Natural Autoantibody-Producing B Cells from IgG Memory B Cell Compartment during T Cell-Dependent Immune Responses

In healthy individuals, a substantial proportion of circulating Abs exhibit polyreactivity and self-reactivity. These Abs are referred to as natural autoantibodies (NAAs). As part of the innate immunity, NAAs play an important role in eliminating pathogens. However, inherent to their poly/autoreactivity is the potential for NAAs to differentiate to high-affinity autoantibodies during an immune response. We recently generated site-directed transgenic mice that express a prototypic NAA, ppc1-5, which binds a variety of self- and non-self-Ags including DNA and phosphocholine. We have shown previously that B cells expressing the ppc1-5 NAA are positively selected during their primary development. In this study, we demonstrate that following immunization with the T-dependent Ag, phosphocholine conjugated to keyhole limpet hemocyanin, ppc1-5 NAA B cells mounted a quick IgM Ab response and entered germinal centers, but they failed to differentiate to IgG-producing cells during late primary and memory responses. Hybridomas and cDNA clones derived from the immunized mice included many IgM NAA-producing cells, but IgG NAA clones were extremely rare. Instead, many of the IgG B cells replaced their IgH transgene with an endogenous V H gene and produced non-autoreactive Abs. These results indicate that although NAA B cells are positively selected in the preimmune repertoire and can participate in early IgM Ab response, they are subjected to regulatory mechanisms that prevent them from developing to high-affinity IgG autoantibody production. This would explain, at least in part, why NAAs do not cause autoimmunity in most individuals.
Differences in perceived technological problem-solving ability of university technology and humanities students

Technology is one of the most dominant factors impinging on our lives. Of critical importance is that some citizens have specific knowledge of how to solve selected problems and make intelligent and informed decisions about technology. The purpose of this study was to determine if university students' perspectives of their technological problem-solving skills improve as they progress through their degree programs. The study was designed to look at selected student criteria to determine the results. A Perceived Technological Problem-solving Ability Instrument (PTPSAI) was developed to address the following research questions: 1. Is there a significant difference in the perceptions of technological problem-solving ability between technologically-oriented and nontechnologically-oriented university students? 2. Is there a significant difference in technological problem-solving ability between freshmen, sophomores, juniors, and seniors measured by mean scores on the PTPSAI? 3. Is there a significant difference in technological problem-solving ability between students with different work experiences measured by mean PTPSAI scores? 4. Is there a significant difference in mean PTPSAI scores for different amounts of prior work experience? 5. Is there a significant difference in mean PTPSAI scores for different levels of GPA ? The PTPSAI was constructed by initially developing 49 questions as face valid indicators extracted from a pool of questions posed to a panel of experts. The items were
Structured Dagger: A Coordination Language for Message-Driven Programming

Message-Driven Programming style, used in languages such as Charm, avoids the use of blocking receives and allows adaptive overlap of computation and communication by scheduling objects depending on availability of messages. Charm supports objects whose methods can be triggered by remote objects asynchronously, which enables Charm programs to tolerate communication latencies in an adaptive manner. However, many parallel object-based applications require the object to coordinate the sequencing of the execution of their methods. Structured Dagger is a coordination language built on top of Charm that supports such applications by facilitating a clear expression of the flow of control within the object without losing the performance benefits of adaptive message-driven execution.
The power of storytelling in public relations: : Introducing the 20 master plots

Abstract Storytelling has been part of human activity for thousands of years. Stories have the power to inform, persuade, elicit emotional responses, build support for coalitions and initiatives, and build civil society. This essay describes the 20 master story plots used throughout history, as well as the rhetorical, persuasive, and message design skills used to create compelling stories. The master plots and narrative techniques are advanced as important communication and academic skills to teach storytelling to professionals, and to explain narrative theory to public relations scholars. Emplotment, narrative theory, and Burkean identification and form, are contextualized as narrative tools, along with “master plots” from the professional writing literature.
Scaling of the mean velocity profile for turbulent pipe flow

An experimental investigation was conducted to determine the scaling of the mean velocity profile for a fully developed, smooth pipe flow. Measurements of the mean velocity profiles and static pressure gradients were performed at 26 different Reynolds numbers between $31\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$ and $35\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{6}$. The profiles indicate two overlap regions: one which scales as a power law and one which scales as a log law, where the log law is only evident when the Reynolds number exceeds approximately $300\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{3}$. It is proposed that the velocity scales for the inner and outer regions are different, which is contrary to commonly accepted beliefs.
Choosing the best of both worlds: The acculturation process revisited

Abstract This study examined the acculturation process with particular attention to how individuals navigate, evaluate, negotiate, adopt, and integrate various cultural aspects. A qualitative approach using in-depth interviews with Americans in Sweden and Swedes in the U.S. was employed to gain a nuanced and in-depth understanding of how the process is experienced at different stages and what role cultural, societal, and interpersonal factors play. Results emerging from a grounded theory analysis revealed a selective process involving identification of cultural differences and evaluation of host-culture aspects as complementary, superior, inferior, necessary, or unnecessary compared to home-culture ones. Culture-specific features are treated as additive, integrative, or mutually exclusive. Host-culture interaction and home-culture contact influence the process in important ways. Home-culture core values are rarely abandoned in favor of host-culture ones and the latter are not simply added. Bicultural competence is achievable; however, retention of a firm home-culture identity is a likely acculturation outcome.
A model of behavior in Berger's standard experiment

Berger has developed a standard experimental situation for the study of influence processes in dyads. A simple model is presented’ which orders the empirical results of eight experiments (27 conditions) on status‐undifferentiated dyads in this situation. The model provides a good fit to the data and makes additional predictions.
The use of a virtual configuration in formulating constitutive equations for residually stressed elastic materials

Residual stress is the stress present in the unloaded equilibrium configuration of a body. Because residual stresses can significantly affect the mechanical behavior of a component, the measurement of these stresses and the prediction of their effect on mechanical behavior are important objectives in many engineering problems. Common methods for the measurement of residual stresses include various destructive experiments in which the body is cut to relieve the residual stress. The resulting strain is measured and used to approximate the original residual stress in the intact body. In order to predict the mechanical behavior of a residually stressed body, a constitutive model is required that includes the influence of the residual stress.
The prothrombinase reaction: "mechanism switching" between Michaelis-Menten and non-Michaelis-Menten behaviors.

Kinetic properties of prothrombinase were investigated as a function of composition and structure of the membrane component. The kinetic properties were quite diverse, giving linear or nonlinear Ea...
Reader comments as press criticism: Implications for the journalistic field

This study examines the actions of readers as press critics and, therefore, as potentially powerful shapers of journalism’s cultural capital. An analysis of 2 years’ worth of online reader comments on the ombudsman columns of three national news organizations reveals readers’ support of – and even nostalgia for – mainstream journalism values such as objectivity, echoing earlier research suggesting the stability of the journalistic field in the face of challenges from new players such as bloggers. But commenters’ critiques of journalistic performance also employed social, and not only professional, values, representing a potential challenge to journalist autonomy.
Evaluation of language concordant, patient-centered drug label instructions.

Despite federal laws requiring language access in healthcare settings, most US pharmacies are unable to provide prescription (Rx) medication instructions to limited English proficient (LEP) patients in their native language. To evaluate the efficacy of health literacy-informed, multilingual Rx instructions (the ConcordantRx instructions) to improve Rx understanding, regimen dosing and regimen consolidation in comparison to standard, language-concordant Rx instructions. Randomized, experimental evaluation. Two hundred and two LEP adults speaking five non-English languages (Chinese, Korean, Russian, Spanish, Vietnamese), recruited from nine clinics and community organizations in San Francisco and Chicago. Subjects were randomized to review Rx bottles with either ConcordantRx or standard instructions. Proper demonstration of common prescription label instructions for single and multi-drug medication regimens. Regimen consolidation was assessed by determining how many times per day subjects would take medicine for a multi-drug regimen. Subjects receiving the ConcordantRx instructions demonstrated significantly greater Rx understanding, regimen dosing and regimen consolidation in comparison to those receiving standard instructions (incidence rate ratio [IRR]: 1.25, 95 % confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.48; P = 0.007 for Rx understanding, IRR: 1.19, 95 % CI: 1.03–1.39; P = 0.02 for regimen dosing and IRR: 0.76, 95 % CI: 0.64–0.90; P = 0.001 for regimen consolidation). In most cases, instruction type was the sole, independent predictor of outcomes in multivariate models controlling for relevant covariates. There is a need for standardized, multilingual Rx instructions that can be implemented in pharmacy practices to promote safe medication use among LEP patients. The ConcordantRx instructions represent an important step towards achieving this goal.
Use of a Commercial Ranging System in Field Surveys of Radioactively Contaminated Sites

The adaptation of a commercial ranging and tracking system interfaced to these instruments and to an advanced computer graphics system promises another major improvement to the automation of data collection. Contour maps with radiation isopleths and the x-y position of up to eight instrument operators superimposed thereon can be displayed in near real time. A bidirectional data link offers a further improvement in simulation of, and training for, field surveys since previously collected or computer simulated radiation data as a function of position can be transmitted back to the same survey instrument and displayed to the operator in a manner indistinguishable from real-time data. Additionally, simulated instrument malfunctions such as low battery, detector failure, or total failure can be commanded to occur to evaluate operator response to unusual occurrences under the stress of field conditions. This training mode will greatly improve the ability to simulate situations and to train and evaluate operations personnel while eliminating the need to use special sites and potentially hazardous contamination simulants as are used now.
Firm White of Fresh and Storage Eggs

Abstract EGGS having a high percentage of the white in a firm condition are considered to be of the best quality from a market standpoint. Holst and Almquist (1931) showed that the percentage of firm white and the intrinsic keeping power of an egg are individual characteristics of the hen. Lorenz, Taylor and Almquist (1934) have obtained proof that the tendency to lay eggs with a high percentage of firm white is inherited. In the present investigation, the liquefaction of egg white during cold storage has been studied further from the standpoint of the individual influence of the hen. Four storage experiments were conducted over a period of two years. Infertile day-old eggs produced by trapnested White Leghorn hens were divided alternately, as laid, into two groups, one of which was analyzed for the percentage of firm white, while the other was oil dipped and kept in storage at approximately 32°F., . . .
Snapshots of the oxidative-addition process of silanes to nickel(0)

Abstract Addition of hydridosilanes, Ar2SiHX, to the labile Ni(0) benzene complex [(dtbpe)Ni]2(C6H6) (1; dtbpe=1,2-bis(di-tert-butylphosphino)ethane) gives mononuclear Ni(II) hydride silyl complexes of the formulation (dtbpe)Ni(μ-H)SiAr2X (2, X=H, Ar=Mes; 3, X=H, Ar=Ph; 4, X=Me, Ar=Ph; 5, X=Cl, Ar=Ph). Although the crystal structures of two representatives of the series indicate square-planar coordination around nickel, in solution structures having apparent C2v symmetry are observed. We propose that this behavior is due to a fluxional process that involves η2-SiH intermediates. Other data are also consistent with the facile reductive elimination of the silane to regenerate nickel(0) products. Oxidation of 2 and 3 with triphenylcarbenium tetrakis(pentafluorophenyl)borate results in silane elimination and formation of [(dtbpe)Ni(η3-C6H5CPh2)+][B(C6F5)4−] (6), the structure of which shows the CPh3− ligand bound to a Ni(II) center through a phenyl ring in an η3-allylic fashion.
Color, Sex, and Poetry: Three Women Writers of the Harlem Renaissance

Three Poems Preface Chapter I: Introduction Color, Sex, and Poetry in the Harlem Renaissance Chapter II: Alice Dunbar-Nelson (1875-1935) Chapter III: Angelina Weld Grimke (1880-1956) Chapter IV: Georgia Douglas Johnson (1880-1966) Chapter V: Afterword Color, Sex, and Petry: The Renaissance Legacy Notes Index
Borderline Personality in Serious Delinquents

Abstract Seventy-one seriously delinquent adolescents (40 male, 31 female) were evaluated by two of the authors (an interviewer and an observer) using the Social Adaptation and Interpersonal Relations sections of the DIB (Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines) in combination with the SADS (Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia). DIB scores and DSM-III diagnoses were assigned to each subject by the consensus of the two evaluators. Twenty-six subjects received a primary DSM-III diagnosis of borderline personality disorder. Nineteen (73%) of these subjects were also identified as borderline by the DIB. The DIB was generally successful in differentiating the DSM-III borderlines from subjects with other DSM-III diagnoses on DIB total, subscale and statement scores. Subjects with a DSM-III diagnosis of major affective disorder were frequently inappropriately categorized as borderline by the DIB, however, reasons for the difficulty of the DIB in distinguishing delinquent adolescents with borderline personalities from those with major affective disorder are discussed, comparisons with adult studies using the DIB are made and directions for future research are indicated.
Comparison of connection admission-control schemes in the presence of hand-offs in cellular networks

In this paper, we compare four distributed connection admission cent rol schemes in cellular networks \vherethe first two schemes are to keep the hand-off dropping probablht.y below a target vahte, the third scheme is to guarantee no hand-off drops through a per-connection bandwidth reservation, and the fourth scheme uses another type of percon nection bandwidth reservation. The first scheme predicts the bandwidth required to handle hand-offs by estimat ing possible hand-offs from adjacent cek, then performs the admission control for each newly-requested connection. On the other hand, the second scheme predicts the total required bandwidth in the current ce~ by =tirnating both incoming and outgoing hand-offs at each ce~. The third scheme requires the set of ce~s which the mobde with a newly-request ed connection WN traverse. and reserves bandwidth for each connection in each of those ce~s. The fourth scheme reserves bandwidth for each connection in the predicted next ce~ of a mobde. JVeadopt the history-based m~ bfity estimation for the first two schemes. Using extensive simulations, the four schemes are compared quantitatively in terms of (I) important performance measures such as the hand-off dropping probabtity, connection-blocking probabtity, and bandwidth utfization, (2) dependency on the design parameters, (3) dependency on the mob~lty estimation accuracy, and (4) complexity. The simulation results indlcate that the first scheme is the most. desirable in the sense that it achieves re~~onably good performance while requiring much less memory and computation than the other three schemes.
New synthesis of 7-(tert-butoxycarbonyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene. A key intermediate in the synthesis of epibatidine and analogs

Abstract A new, high yield, convenient synthesis of 7-( tert -butoxycarbonyl)-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene which involved the addition of tributyltin hydride to 7-( tert -butoxycarbonyl)-2- p -toluenesulfonyl-7-azabicyclo[2.2.1]-2-ene followed by elimination of the tributyltin and p -tolylsulfonyl groups using tetrabutylammonium fluoride was developed.
Monocyte-derived macrophage microparticles impart tissue factor activity to biomaterial surfaces.

The initiation of coagulation on biomaterials is attributed to the contact pathway of coagulation. However, recent discoveries of blood-borne tissue factor (TF) activity suggest that the TF pathway of coagulation may contribute to thrombosis on biomaterials. To evaluate the role of TF bearing microparticles to biomaterial thrombogenicity, the adhesion of monocyte-derived macrophage microparticles (MMPs) to bare, bovine serum albumin (BSA) blocked, and plasma-coated materials was examined. MMP suspensions consisted of 20–37% TF positive particles that exhibited TF activity. Data from static experiments with polyethylene (PE), polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), polystyrene (PS), and glass knitted and woven Dacron® grafts showed that MMPs adhered to uncoated, and plasma coated surfaces supported TF activity, whereas surfaces blocked with BSA supported less activity. Flow studies were performed on plasma-coated glass and tissue culture-treated polystyrene (TCPS) as a model system to demonstrate deposition and firm adhesion of microparticles under physiologic flow conditions. MMPs deposited and imparted TF activity to plasma-coated glass at wall shear rates of 100, 400, and 1200 sec−1. Deposition on TCPS was comparable to glass at 100 sec−1, but virtually nonexistent at the two higher shear rates after a 1 h perfusion, implying material and shear dependent adhesion. The localization of procoagulant MMPs to biomaterial surfaces could lead to an increased risk of thrombosis on cardiovascular implants beyond that anticipated by the contact pathway alone. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res, 2010
Modification of the Iowa State University-Vegetative Treatment Area Model

Vegetative Treatment Systems (VTSs) are currently being used at several open beef feedlots across Iowa as an alternative to traditional feedlot runoff containment systems. There are two types of VTS: a VTA system which is comprised of solids settling basin (SSB) followed by a vegetative treatment area (VTA), and a VIB-VTA system which is comprised of a solids settling basin followed by a vegetative infiltration basin (VIB) and a VTA. Iowa State University developed two computer models to simulate VTS performance. When model predictions were compared with data collected from four Iowa sites, the models were found to under predict the VTA outflow, VIB outflow, and nutrient concentrations in the SSB outflow. This paper focuses on the modifications made to the Iowa State University VTA model. To identify the problems with the model, the graphical and numerical outputs were examined for values that were either not reasonable or did not fit the expected behavior of the system. Three major problem areas were identified in the VTA model: an extremely high rate of water removal from the VTA, incorrect calculation of soil moisture, and incorrect tracking of the water table (especially in high water table situations). Each of these problems was isolated and the code controlling this function of the model was examined. Potential solutions were tested to see if they accurately simulated VTS behavior. If successful, the solutions were then implemented. These modifications and their impact on model performance are discussed in this paper.
Oceanographic lidar attenuation coefficients and signal fluctuations measured from a ship in the Southern California Bight.

We measured the attenuation coefficient of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration lidar from a ship in the Southern California Bight in September 1995. The region from approximately 5 to 30 m in depth was covered. The laser was linearly polarized, and the receiver was operated with the same polarization and the orthogonal polarization. The measured values were between 0.08 and 0.12 m-1 and were highly correlated with in situ measurements of the beam attenuation coefficient. Fluctuations of the lidar signal were found to be induced primarily by surface waves whose wavelengths are approximately three times the lidar spot size at the surface.
Broadband near-field filters for Simultaneous Transmit and Receive in a small two-dimensional array

In order to enable Simultaneous Transmit and Receive (STAR), it is essential to provide high isolation between antenna elements. A novel technique is presented here in which tunable resonators are used in the near-field of an array of antennas to provide transmission zeros in the coupling between antennas. By using two sets of tunable resonators between each set of adjacent antennas, it is possible to significantly increase the bandwidth of the isolation provided relative to previous topologies used to give isolation between planar antennas.
The association of hereditary gamma globulin (a) activity with a fragment of human gamma globulin produced by papain digestion.

Abstract The technique of enzymatic hydrolysis has been utilized to demonstrate that for the five sera investigated the determinant of Gm (a) specificity is confined to a 3.5S fragment of the human 7S gamma globulin molecule.
Multiple-Level Polymer Registration in the DuPont SCION Database

The Chemical Abstracts Service Registry System (CASRS) has a relatively unknown but very useful feature; with the exception of one situation, it has the capability of multiple-level source-based polymer registration, i.e., it will register a source-based polymer within a source-based polymer. The CASRS registers macromonomers in File Registry as single-component substances. In contrast, macromonomers registered in the DuPont SCION proprietary database by the CASRS are represented as multicomponent substances. Single-level CASRS registration of comb polymers in SCION currently results in loss of identity of macromonomers as searchable components. Multilevel source-based registration provides a way to register multicomponent macromonomers as components of comb polymers so that their registration numbers become part of comb polymer structure records.
Mathematical immunogenetics II antibody incidence structure

Mathematical Immunogenetics I argued for the development of mathematics as a language for immunogenetics. A three-fold factorization of a reaction matrix was seen to be the important form of a model of a first order immunogenetic system. In the present paper, results of the authors on determining this factorization are reworked from a physical perspective and presented in an algorithmic form that can be used to compute a labeling matrix from data. Computer programs to perform these computations are in preparation.
Generation of pulses shorter than 70 fs with a synchronously-pumped CW dye laser

Abstract Pulses shorter than 70 fs are generated with a synchronously-pumped cw dye laser using a dye medium composed of a mixture of rhodamine 6G and a fast recovery saturable absorber, DQOCI. The laser pulses exhibit no satellites. A stable output of 30 mW is obtained for only 300 mW of pump power.
HOGARTH'S SUPPRESSED BLACKS

Hogarth'S Blacks. Images of Blacks in Eighteenth Century English Art by David Dabydeen, Mandelstrup (Denmark) and Kingston upon Thames: Dungaroo Press, 1986
National outcomes of cataract extraction. Endophthalmitis following inpatient surgery.

• We analyzed the likelihood of rehospitalization for endophthalmitis in 338 141 Medicare beneficiaries over age 65 years who were admitted to US hospitals for cataract extraction in 1984. This cohort represents approximately one half of all persons who underwent cataract extraction under the Medicare program in 1984. Extracapsular extraction was performed in 195 587 (58%) of cases, intracapsular cataract extraction in 99 971 (30%), and phacoemulsification in 28 474 (8%). The risk of rehospitalization for endophthalmitis in the year following surgery was 0.17% for intracapsular cataract extraction compared with 0.12% for extracapsular extraction or phacoemulsification (P
Vertex Operator Algebras and Conformal Field Theory

This paper discusses conformal field theory, an important physical theory, describing both two-dimensional critical phenomena in condensed matter physics and classical motions of strings in string theory. The study of conformal field theory will deepen the understanding of these theories and will help to understand string theory conceptually. Besides its importance in physics, the beautiful and rich mathematical structure of conformal field theory has interested many mathematicians. New relations between different branches of mathematics, such as representations of infinite-dimensional Lie algebras and Lie groups, Riemann surfaces and algebraic curves, the Monster sporadic group, modular functions and modular forms, elliptic genera and elliptic cohomology, Calabi-Yau manifolds, tensor categories, and knot theory, are revealed in the study of conformal field theory. It is therefore believed that the study of the mathematics involved in conformal field theory will ultimately lead to new mathematical structures which would be important to both mathematics and physics.
Isolation and transplantation of islet tissue.

Recently, there have been remarkable advances in the area of islet tissue isolation and immuno-alteration that place islet tissue transplantation on the verge of clinical trials. This paper reviews the islet isolation advances by focusing on 5 approaches: altering the pancreas in vivo, distending and/or perfusing the pancreas in vitro, chopping the pan-creas, isolating either intact islets or islet cells, and purifying the islet tissue. This review also focuses on 3 areas of islet tissue transplantation: islet tissue preparation, transplantation sites, and the prevention of rejection. Advances in these areas should solve the remaining technical problems currently preventing clinical trials.
Nurse matters: assuming your role in advocacy

I hope others will consider joining those of us in nursing who have taken the leap into public policy. Being involved in the public policy process is an integral role to nursing and a mechanism for excellence. Our public policy role is just as important as serving as a clinician, researcher, or educator. This offers nurses a choice to become involved to advance the nursing profession, the American healthcare system, and the public welfare and good. We have heard the expression: "It's not whether you win or lose, but how you play the game." Well, in politics, how you play the game can determine whether you win or lose an issue, and as nurses we have great power in numbers. The time is ripe to become involved - this is the call to political action for excellence in nursing in home health and hospice care. I welcome your participation!
Induction and Regulation of NFκB during Aging: Role of Protein Kinases

Aging is accompanied by significant declines in immune function. To understand the basis for this age-related decline we have investigated the induction and regulation of transcription factor NFκB in murine T cells. We report that anti-CD3 treatment of T lymphocytes from old mice resulted in significantly lower levels of NFκB than those observed in similarly treated T cells from young mice. Pretreatment of T cells with staurosporine reduced the induction of NFκB in anti-CD3-activated cells from young mice but had no effect in similarly treated T cells from old mice. However, pretreatment with H-89 had little or no effect on the induction of NFκB in T cells from young mice, but significantly enhanced the induction of NFκB in T cells from old mice. These results suggest that the impairment in the generation of NFκB during aging may reflect age-associated differences in the regulation of protein kinase A.