cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Increasing medical student confidence in gender and sexual health through a student-initiated lecture series.

Introduction Medical students self-report insufficient training in topics of gender and sexuality in medicine, which may ultimately lead to negative health outcomes in patients for whom they will provide care. This study aims to identify whether a student-initiated lecture series on topics related to gender and sexual health leads to greater student comfort with discussing topics related to diverse sexual content. Methods Medical students matriculated during two consecutive academic years were invited to participate in the lecture series. Investigators administered anonymous pre- and post-series surveys (n=152 and 105 respondents, respectively) using google forms. Respondents rated their comfort levels discussing relevant topics and provided narrative feedback concerning strengths and areas for improvement of the lecture series. Overlaps between the 95% confidence intervals around pre- and post-series percentage of students comfortable/very comfortable discussing each topic were examined to compare pre- vs post-series comfort ratings. Narrative comments were reviewed for thematic feedback. Results 105 medical students completed the lecture series, with 80% identifying as female. Self-assessed comfort levels across all seminar topics were greater in post- versus pre-lecture series surveys with the following topics showing the biggest differences (percentage of students "somewhat" or "very" comfortable [95% confidence intervals]: discussing sexuality with gender (68%[59-77] vs. 29%[22-36]) and sexual minority patients (84%[77-91] vs. 49%[41-57]), HIV prevention counseling (70%[61-78] vs. 20% [20-34]), identifying female genital cutting (44% [34-53] vs. 11%[6-16]), and discussing intimate partner violence (65%[55-74] vs. 33%[25-40]). Qualitative analysis indicated respondents found the lectures to be effective and believed they should be integrated into the required medical school curriculum. Conclusion Our student-initiated lecture series was associated with greater student comfort discussing topics related to gender and sexuality with patients. This framework represents a useful method to address gaps in medical education and has the potential to improve health outcomes in multiple populations.
Writing Rounds: An Innovation to Increase Physician Scientific Dissemination.

Introduction Many high-quality studies presented at conferences never reach the peer-reviewed literature, most likely because physician authors do not take the next step to fully write up the studies and submit them to a journal. We evaluated a curriculum designed to equip authors with the practical skills to submit research projects to peer-reviewed publication. Methods We designed a mixed asynchronous-synchronous longitudinal curriculum, occurring across 4 months via a virtual platform. To evaluate the curriculum, we tracked process and production outcomes and conducted semistructured interviews with participants following participation. Results Across two cohorts in 2019, nine participant authors completed the curriculum. Seven participants submitted their studies for publication; two were accepted. In interviews with eight participants, participant authors described the value of the program, expressing intention to participate again and to recommend it to colleagues. Conclusion Through a coach-directed writing group, participant authors developed the skills and confidence needed to prepare and submit scientific manuscripts for peer review. Curriculum maintenance and enhancement is ongoing. We plan to scale up this innovation in support of other university departments and medical disciplines, developing an implementation guide to describe needed elements, including technological platforms, qualities of the coach, author recruitment, and group conduct.
Nilpotent Lie algebras in which all proper subalgebras have class at most n

Abstract Let L be a finitely generated nilpotent Lie algebra over a field K and let d be the smallest integer such that L can be generated by d elements. Let n ≥ d be a positive integer and suppose that every proper subalgebra of L has class at most n. It is not difficult to show that the class of L is at most n + q where q = ⌊ n / ( d − 1 ) ⌋ . Our main result shows that there exist such Lie algebras of class (exactly) n + q whenever q ≥ 3 and K has characteristic 0 or prime characteristic p such that p does not divide ( q 2 − 1 ) q / 2 .
Evaluation of Sulfate Trapping Candidates-Results From Dynamometer and Vehicle Screening Tests

The performance of potential sulfate sorbents was evaluated using an engine-dynamometer screening test procedure. Bulk and supported sorbents were tested. The two most promising sorbents were a bulk CaO preparation and alumina supported Na. The CaO sorbent appeared to be inherently non-selective between sulfates and SO/sub 2/. Calcining this sorbent in a CO/sub 2/ atmosphere resulted in increased pellet crush strength and reduced volume expansion upon use. The Na/Al/sub 2/O/sub 3/ sorbent had good activity and selectivity, but may lack capacity and be subject to leaching losses of Na-compounds. Vehicle and dynamometer durability testing of these two sorbents was conducted. From these preliminary tests, it was determined that neither met all the criteria of an ideal sorbent for vehicle use.
Regulation by serine esterase of histamine release from human leukocytes--I. Direct release of histamine by the serine esterase inhibitors diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) and soman (GD).

Abstract The serine esterase inhibitor diisopropyl fluorophosphate (DFP) has been reported previously to inhibit IgE-dependent histamine release. Recently, it has been demonstrated that lower concentrations of DFP enhance IgE-dependent histamine release and inhibit desensitization. This manuscript describese the abilities of several esterase inhibitors to cause release of histamine from human leukocytes (basophils), by a process that is IgE-independent. This esterase inhibitor-induced histamine release appears to be by a non-cytotoxic mechanism that requires calcium and is temperature dependent. These histamine release processes occurred over a longer period of time than IgE-dependent release. Direct release of histamine by these small molecular weight inhibitors and inhibition of desensitization both suggest that one or more serine esterases are involved in the regulation of histamine release from human basophils.
Restriction Map of Rachiplusia ou and Rachiplusia ou-Autographa californica Baculovirus Recombinants

The restriction sites of Rachiplusia ou nuclear polyhedrosis virus (RoMNPV) DNA were mapped for the endonucleases SmaI, KpnI, BamHI, SacI, XhoI, and EcoRI. Of the 60 DNA restriction sites of RoMNPV, 35 mapped in similar positions as compared to the restriction sites of Autographa californica nuclear polyhedrosis virus (AcMNPV) DNA. Two plaque-purified viruses, obtained from randomly picked plaques of a wild-type isolate of RoMNPV, were recombinants of RoMNPV and AcMNPV. The recombinants were shown to have RoMNPV and AcMNPV restriction fragments as well as structural polypeptides from each parental virus. Both recombinant viruses had a major RoMNPV capsid protein but were occluded in the AcMNPV polyhedrin protein.
Dilatometry of the discotic mesogen 2,3,6,7,10,11-hexa-n-octanoyloxytriphenylene (HAT-C8)

Abstract The title compound HAT-C8 exhibits a columnar to isotropic phase transition at 402·16 K. Dilatometric studies of pure HAT-C8 as a function of temperature show the higher temperature isotropic phase to be denser than the lower temperature columnar mesophase. The fractional volume change is similar to that observed for benzene hexa-n-alkanoates, but of opposite sign. Such anomalous density changes are rare. Since the columnar-isotropic transition entropy has been measured, dp/dT has been estimated from the Clapeyron equation.
Scanning with Ease Through the Far Infrared

Good radiation sources in the far infrared (300 to 900 micrometers) are difficult to find, but very important for spectroscopic studies of matter. In his research commentary, Temkin discusses a device recently reported by Urata et al. in Physical Review Letters in which the electron beam components of a standard electron microscope were used to create far infrared radiation. When the electron beam is passed over a metal grating with the right periodicity, the electrons induce positive "image" charge that oscillates like an antenna and emits far infrared radiation.
Resuscitation-induced pulmonary apoptosis and intracellular adhesion molecule-1 expression in rats are attenuated by the use of Ketone Ringer's solution.

Abstract Background: Resuscitation with Lactated Ringer's solution after hemorrhagic shock in rats has been shown to cause early cellular injury in the lung. We hypothesized that the use of energy substrates, such as ketone bodies, in the resuscitation fluids would protect against this injury. As markers of cellular injury we measured the induction of apoptotic cell death and the expression of Intracellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1). Study Design: Male Sprague Dawley rats (n = 35) under inhaled isoflurane anesthesia had placement of femoral arterial and venous catheters. A three-stage hemorrhage model was used for this experiment. There was an initial hemorrhage of 27 mL/kg for 10 minutes. During the next 75 minutes another 8 mL/kg of blood was withdrawn at a steady rate. The resuscitation fluids were then infused for 45 minutes during which the third continuous hemorrhage of 8 mL/kg was performed. The animals were randomized to five groups: 1) sham hemorrhage (n = 6); 2) sham resuscitation (n = 7); 3) Lactated Ringer's resuscitation, three times the volume of shed blood (n = 8); 4) Ketone Ringer's (containing 28 mEq/L of β-hydroxybutyrate) resuscitation, three times the volume of shed blood (n = 7); and 5) plasma resuscitation, volume equal to shed blood (n = 7). The animals were sacrificed 1 hour after resuscitation and lungs were harvested. Western blot technique was used for the determination of proapoptotic protein (bax), antiapoptotic protein (bcl-2), apoptotic fragments of poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and ICAM-1. Sections of lung were also subjected to immunostaining using antibodies to bax and ICAM-1 proteins (reported as number of positive cells/mm 2 ). Results: Lactated Ringer's resuscitation caused a significant increase in pulmonary apoptosis and ICAM-1 expression compared with the sham hemorrhage group. Animals resuscitated with Ketone Ringer's solution and plasma did not show this injury pattern. Conclusions: Substitution of lactate with ketone bodies in the resuscitation fluid attenuates the expression of cellular injury markers in the lung.
Monitoring During Mechanical Ventilation

Mechanical ventilation is an indispensable form of life support for patients undergoing general anesthesia or experiencing respiratory failure in the setting of critical illness. These patients are at risk for a number of complications related to both their underlying disease states and the mechanical ventilation itself. Intensive monitoring is required to identify early signs of clinical worsening and to minimize the risk of iatrogenic harm. Pulse oximetry and capnography are used to ensure that appropriate oxygenation and ventilation are achieved and maintained. Assessments of driving pressure, transpulmonary pressure, and the pressure-volume loop are performed to ensure that adequate PEEP is applied and excess distending pressure is minimized. Finally, monitoring and frequent adjustment of airway cuff pressures is performed to minimize the risk of airway injury and ventilator-associated pneumonia. We will discuss monitoring during mechanical ventilation with a focus on the accuracy, ease of use, and effectiveness in preventing harm for each of these monitoring modalities.
Numerical study of wide-band low-grazing HF clutter from ocean-like surfaces

Backscattering of a vertically polarized, ultra-wide band HF pulse (3-30 MHz) from one-dimensional Pierson-Moskowitz impedance surfaces is studied using method of moments (MoM)-based numerical simulations. With the field source located near the surface, low-gazing regime is realized for the most of the illuminated region. The direct numerical solution is compared to approximate calculations based on the small perturbation method (SPM). Once the Norton surface wave effects are included in the SPM scattering coefficient, average clutter levels as well as waveform shapes generally show good agreement. As the sea state increases, backscatter returns from farther ranges exhibit larger discrepancies. In such a situation, using the "effective surface impedance" (that accounts for surface roughness) brings SPM-based average clutter levels in agreement with their MoM counterparts: however, the differences in waveform shapes persist. Future studies will use the simulation capability described in this paper to investigate the ability of a short-pulse, ultrawideband HF radar to image ocean waves, measure surface currents and surface current shear, and detect targets.
Renaming a Set of Non-Horn Clauses

Several extensions of the logic programming language Prolog to non-Horn clauses use case analysis to handle non-Horn clauses. In this paper, we present analytical and empirical evidence that, by making a set of clauses less “non-Horn” using predicate renaming, the performance of these case-analysis based procedures can be improved significantly. In addition, we will investigate the problem of efficiently constructing a predicate renaming that reduces the degree of “non-Hornness” of a clause set by the maximum. We will show that the problem of finding a predicate renaming to achieve minimal “non-Hornness” is NP-complete.
Irradiation-Induced Swelling in AISI 316 Steel: Effect of Tensile and Compressive Stresses

Effects of bending stresses on the swelling behavior of 20% cold worked AISI 316 steel were studied in material irradiated to moderately high fluences in EBR-II. Specimens used in this investigation consisted of beams subjected to four-point bending during irradiation. Fluences as high as 1.5 x 10 2 3 n/cm 2 (E > 0.1MeV) were accumulated at temperatures ranging from 412 to 458°C. The beams were subsequently sectioned to isolate regions of tensile, compressive, and neutral loading for examination by transmission electron microscopy. A complete characterization of swelling in each of the three regions was conducted to assess the influence of these stress states on the magnitude of swelling. A detailed microstructural evaluation of the material was also made to attempt to relate swelling differences with physical changes in the alloy. The results of this investigation confirm earlier experimental data that showed swelling in AISI 316 steel to be enhanced by the application of stress during irradiation and that the magnitude of swelling is independent of the sign of the applied stress. The results also show that increases in swelling can be correlated with either more or larger voids depending upon the total strain incurred. This suggests that the mechanism for stress-enhanced swelling in this alloy may be a sensitive function of the magnitude of the applied stress.
Genetics of the ST serotype system in Tetrahymena pyriformis, syngen 1.

Genetic analyses using lines of Tetrahymena pyroformis manifesting different serotypes indicate that the St serotypes are governed by alleles at a single genetic locus. These alleles are termed StA and StC. The St locus is not closely linked to any of the other well-studied loci examined. Differentiation in StA/StC heterozygotes follows a pattern very similar to that observed with lines heterozygous at the other loci. Initially both alleles are expressed, but as the synclone divides, lines develop that manifest one allele or the other but not both. The time of differentiation is very early in the clonal life cycle, and the output ratio is eccentric. The pattern of development of the St locus places it in a category with the mating type and H serotype loci.
Mechanisms of Disease: pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is associated with the metabolic syndrome. The metabolic syndrome is characterized by insulin resistance, which is produced by a complex interaction between genetic factors, macronutrient intake and lifestyle that alters the cytokine profile, cell biology and biochemical milieu of the liver, adipose tissue and striated muscle. The resultant disequilibrium in lipid homeostasis causes triglycerides to accumulate in the liver. An increase in oxidative stress, due to the generation of reactive oxygen species as a result of mitochondrial abnormalities and induction of the cytochrome P-450 system could be one mechanism by which the nonalcoholic fatty liver develops into nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. The pathogenesis of cytologic ballooning and Mallory body formation and their role in NAFLD remain to be defined. In addition, inflammation and fibrosis are likely to be secondary to hepatocyte injury and death.
The difference in turnover rate between the chlorophyll a in the P700-chlorophyll a-protein and in the total chloroplast membranes.

Green, 10-day old corn plants were excised at the first node and labeled with δ-[ 3 H]-aminolevulinic acid, a precursor of chlorophyll. From 6 to 72 hrs after incorporation of the radioactive label, chloroplast membrane fragments were prepared and dissolved in 1% Triton X-100. From this extract CPI, the P700-chlorophyll a -protein complex, was isolated by hydroxylapatite chromatography. The specific activity of the chlorophyll a in CPI was found to be about half as great as that in the total extract suggesting a slower turnover of this complex and probable isolation from other chlorophyll in vivo .
Immunoglobulin heavy-chain enhancer requires one or more tissue-specific factors

Enhancer sequences are regulatory regions that greatly increase transcription of certain eukaryotic genes. An immunoglobulin heavy-chain variable gene segment is moved from a region lacking enhancer activity to a position adjacent to the known heavy-chain enhancer early in B-cell maturation. In lymphoid cells, the heavy-chain and SV40 enhancers bind a common factor essential for enhancer function. In contrast, fibroblast cells contain a functionally distinct factor that is used by the SV40 but not by the heavy-chain enhancer. The existence of different factors in these cells may explain the previously described lymphoid cell specificity of the heavy-chain enhancer.
“Talk to me of Disaster”: Authoritative Discourse in the Schools

This essay examines the ways in which authority comes to inhabit language and argues that schools are directly involved in the production and distribution of authoritative discourse. Central to the discussion is the example of language use in the French-speaking West Indies where there is an official language of authority which represents an official culture and where students are taught in a linguistic code (the French of France) which does not match the one of their everyday life (Creole).
The Detrimental Effects of Systemic Ibuprofen Delivery on Tendon Healing Are Time-Dependent

Background Current clinical treatment after tendon repairs often includes prescribing NSAIDs to limit pain and inflammation. The negative influence of NSAIDs on bone repair is well documented, but their effects on tendon healing are less clear. While NSAIDs may be detrimental to early tendon healing, some evidence suggests that they may improve healing if administered later in the repair process.
End effects in multi-phase fractional-slot concentrated-winding surface Permanent Magnet synchronous machines

Fractional-slot concentrated-windings (FSCW) have been gaining a lot of interest in Permanent Magnet (PM) synchronous machines. This is due to the advantages they provide including shorter non-overlapping end turns, higher efficiency, higher power density, higher slot fill factor, lower manufacturing cost, better flux-weakening capability resulting in wider constant power vs. speed range, and fault-tolerance. This paper investigates the end effects in this type of machines. The study focuses on eddy current losses in the frame, end shields, and clamping rings (magnetic/nonmagnetic.). Desirable slot/pole combinations for different number of phases are investigated including both the single- and the double-layer windings. Suggestions for clearances between end windings and the support structure are given.
Sensory Orientations and Sensory Designs in the American Deafworld

ABSTRACTIn order to understand the meaning of deafness, one needs to understand the role of senses in culture. The DeafWorld is a sensory world. People who are d/Deaf create their own sensory profile. There are three principal sensory orientations among d/Deaf people in the American DeafWorld: visual, auditory, and tactile. These orientations have led to the invention of visual, tactile, and auditory sensible objects and architectures to fit the d/Deaf world and d/Deaf subjects' needs. These objects are also partly generated through interaction with the audist sensory orientation of the hearing world and thus constitute a kind of bridge between the two worlds while at the same time contributing to their distinctive contours.
Feasibility of Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy to Diagnose Testicular Torsion: An Experimental Study in Sheep

Study objective To assess whether near-infrared spectroscopy can detect testicular hypoxia in a sheep model of testicular torsion within 6 hours of experimental torsion. Methods This was a randomized, controlled, nonblinded study. Trans-scrotal, near-infrared, spectroscopy-derived testicular tissue saturation of oxygen values were obtained from the posterior hemiscrota of 6 anesthetized sheep at baseline and every 15 minutes for 6 hours after either experimental-side, 720-degree, unilateral, medial testicular torsion and orchidopexy or control-side sham procedure with orchidopexy and then for 75 minutes after reduction of torsion and pexy. Color Doppler ultrasonography was performed every 30 minutes to confirm loss of vascular flow on the experimental side, return of flow after torsion reduction, and preserved flow on the control side. Results Near infrared spectroscopy detected a prompt, sustained reduction in testicular tissue saturation of oxygen after experimental torsion. Further, it documented a rapid return of these values to pretorsion levels after reduction of torsion. Experimental-side testicular tissue saturation of oxygen fell from a median value of 59% (interquartile range [IQR] 57% to 69%) at baseline to 14% (IQR 11% to 29%) at 2.5 hours of torsion, and postreduction values were approximately 70%. Control-side testicular tissue saturation of oxygen values increased from a median value of 67% (IQR 59% to 68%) at baseline to 77% (IQR 77% to 94%) at 2.5 hours and remained at approximately 80% for the entire protocol. The difference in median testicular tissue saturation of oxygen between experimental and control sides, using the Friedman test, was found to be significant ( P =.017). Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility, in a sheep model, of using near-infrared spectroscopy for the noninvasive diagnosis of testicular torsion and for quantification of reperfusion after torsion reduction. The applicability of these findings, from an animal model using complete torsion, to the clinical setting remains to be established.
Microcomputer programs for multi-objective decision analysis

Two menu-driven microcomputer programs written in Turbo Pascal are available to assist with multi-objective decision analysis. Multiplicative and additive multi-attribute utility functions are supported along with exponential or linear single-attribute utility functions. Decision trees are not supported. The Pearson-Turkey approximation is used for expected utility calculations.
NMR relaxation mechanisms and line widths in insulators below 1 K

Abstract Spin-lattice relaxation in insulating diamagnets is extremely slow at millikelvin temperatures, though far less slow than conventional theory would suggest. However spins at the surface of particles immersed in liquid 3 He relax efficiently by the Friedman-Richardson mechanism, which is shown to be dipolar in nature and possibly informative about surface structure. Relaxation of interior spins is shown to occur by spin diffusion from the surface. This process can be impeded by a barrier arising from interaction with foreign spins. Resonances in finely divided solids suffer unexpectedly large inhomogeneous broadening, though the natural widths are in accordance with expectations.
Modeling high-performance buildings

We are extremely pleased to present this special issue of HVAC&R Research on “Modeling High Performance Buildings.” With ten original research papers related to different aspects of building perfor...
A functional central limit theorem for Markov additive processes with an application to the closed Lu–Kumar network

A functional central limit theorem for a class of time-homogeneous continuous-time Markov processes (X,Y) is proved. The process X is a positive recurrent Markov process on a countable-state space and the process Y has conditionally independent increments given X. The pair (X,Y) is called a Markov additive process. This paper unifies and generalizes several functional central limit theorems for Markov additive processes. An explicit expression for the variance parameter of the limit process is calculated using the local characteristics of the X process. The functional central limit theorem is then used to prove a heavy traffic limit theorem for the closed Lu–Kumar network.
A Simplified Kropp Procedure for Incontinence

AbstractPurpose: A simplified Kropp bladder neck reconstruction was done to achieve urinary continence.Materials and Methods: A total of 23 patients with an incompetent bladder neck underwent the procedure, including 22 with a neurogenic bladder secondary to myelodysplasia and 1 with bladder exstrophy. The bladder neck operation was incorporated into comprehensive lower tract reconstruction that included simultaneous augmentation cystoplasty in 20 patients, ureterone-ocystostomy in 6 and appendicovesicostomy in 6.Results: Of the 23 patients 21 (91%) are continent. Complications included difficult catheterization in boys and new onset vesicoureteral reflux.Conclusions: This operation is easily performed and effective for achieving continence.
Glucagon-like peptide-1 response to acarbose in elderly type 2 diabetic subjects

The anti-hyperglycemic effect of alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGI) is partly attributed to their ability to stimulate the secretion of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a gut hormone with insulin stimulating capability. To determine if this mechanism of action contributes significantly to the therapeutic efficacy of AGI in the elderly, 10 type 2 diabetic subjects over the age of 65 years were given a standardized test meal with or without 25, 50, or 100 mg acarbose. The serum glucose, insulin, triglycerides and GLP-1 levels were measured at baseline and at 1 and 2 h postprandially. The anti-hyperglycemic effect of acarbose was maximal at 25-mg dose under these experimental conditions. Serum postprandial insulin and triglycerides levels were not significantly altered with acarbose treatment. The postprandial serum GLP-1 levels rose significantly only in two subjects and only during treatment with 100-mg acarbose. There were no significant correlations between serum GLP-1 and serum glucose or insulin levels. It is concluded that in most elderly type 2 diabetic subjects, maximal anti-hyperglycemic effects can be achieved with relatively small doses of acarbose and that GLP-1 is unlikely to contribute to the clinical efficacy of this agent in this subgroup of subjects.
China`s Integration into the World EconomyImplications for Developing Countries

Although the rest of the world had waited a long time for China to open up, feelings were mixed when it actually did and began to integrate rapidly with the world economy. With the country`s recent accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO), many of its trading partners are increasingly concerned that China`s competition in the world goods and capital markets may adversely affect their own growth prospects. This paper examines the implications of China`s WTO accession for other developing countries in the context of the country`s long-term process of growth and opening up. The paper argues that China`s integration into the world economy will inevitably impose adjustment costs on its trading partners in the short-to-medium term, but the benefits it generates are likely to dominate in the long run.
Residence Time Distributions in a Stirred Tank: Comparison of CFD Predictions with Experiment

Residence time distributions (RTD) are measured for both a baffled and an unbaffled laboratory reactor of the same size with several internal pipes and a Rushton turbine operating at different feed flow rates and impeller rpms. Ideal behavior as determined by the mean and the variance of the RTD was observed at an impeller Reynolds number of 2327 for the baffled tank and 3878 for the unbaffled tank both in the turbulent transition range. The experimental results for the baffled tank are compared to computational fluid dynamics (CFD) predictions of the RTD using the k−e turbulence model in Fluent for transitional flow regime in the tank, i.e., impeller Reynolds number between 10 and 10 000. All the qualitative aspects of the predicted RTDs are similar to those measured experimentally. The mean residence times as well as the variances of the residence time are accurately predicted by CFD in the transition flow regime.
General neuropharmacology of vinpocetine: A putative cerebral activator

Results from a series of standardized tests in rodents were used to describe the general neuropharmacology of vinpocetine, a putative cerebral activator. Vinpocetine was tested at doses ranging from 5 to 100 mg/kg p.o.; these doses are greater that its behaviorally active doses (i.e., 1 to 5 mg/kg p.o.). Vinpocetine did not impair rotarod performance or produce ataxia in mice. Vinpocetine antagonized electroconvulsive shock (ECS)-induced convulsion in rats (ED50 = 28 mg/kg p.o.); however, neither ECS- nor pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)-induced convulsions in mice were prevented by vinpocetine. The compound did not attenuate aggressive behavior in isolated mice. Vinpocetine decreased spontaneous loco-motor activity (SLA) without affecting the rectal temperature in rats at doses greater than 25 mg/kg p.o., but the decrease was not dose-related. Neither 10 nor 50 mg/kg p.o. of vinpocetine antagonized amphetamine-induced stereotypy and exophthalmos in rats. In mice, vinpocetine (up to 100 mg/kg p.o.) did not antagonize reserpine-induced catalepsy and ptosis or protect against tremorine-induced lacrimation, tremor, salivation, or hypothermia. The lack of effect in these tests demonstrates that vinpocetine has little, if any, propensity to produce central nervous system (CNS) side effects.
Iterative decoding in SFH communications with Reed-Solomon codes and channel estimation

The performance of packet-level iterative decoding is examined for a slow-frequency-hop spread-spectrum system using interleaved Reed-Solomon code words and per-dwell differential encoding. It is shown that the use of per-dwell soft-output detection in conjunction with successive-erasures decoding results in better performance in the presence of partial-band interference than previously considered iterative decoding techniques for the same packet format. Several alternatives are considered for soft-output symbol detection and the estimator of the per-dwell signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.
A numerical investigation of convective sedimentation

[1] Understanding the fate of riverine sediment in the coastal environment is critical to the health of the coastal ecosystem and the changing morphology. One of the least understood mechanisms of initial deposition is the convective sedimentation of hypopycnal plumes. This study aims at investigating convective sedimentation by means of a numerical model for fine sediment transport solving the non-hydrostatic Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations for stratified turbulent flow. Model validation is sought by comparison to laboratory results for turbidity and saline currents over a changing slope. The model is shown to be capable of predicting both the upstream supercritical and the downstream subcritical flows. The numerical model is then utilized to study convective sedimentation and its depositional and mixing characteristics. By analyzing model results of more than 40 runs for different inlet sediment concentration (density ratio γ), settling velocity (particle Reynolds number Rep), and inlet velocity/height (inlet Reynolds number Re), four distinct flow regimes are revealed. For large γ, we observe divergent plumes with significant deposits near the inlet. For intermediate γ and large Rep, intense convective fingers are predicted which are only marginally affected by ambient shear flow. Further reducing the density ratio γ or Rep gives weak convective fingers that are significantly affected by the ambient shear flow. Eventually, no convective fingers are observed during the computation for very small γ or Rep. Sediment deposits in the divergent plume and intense convective finger regimes are relatively insensitive to Re. Deposit increases with Re in the weak convective finger regime.
“WWW.MDTF.ORG”: A world wide web forum for developing open-architecture, freely distributed, digital teaching file software by participant consensus

Purpose: To foster a community supported evaluation processes for open-source digital teaching file (DTF) development and maintenance. The mechanisms used to support this process will include standard web browsers, web servers, forum software, and custom additions to the forum software to potentially enable a mediated voting protocol. The web server will also serve as a focal point for beta and release software distribution, which is the desired end-goal of this process.Conclusions: We foresee thatwww.mdtf.org will provide for widespread distribution of open source DTF software that will include function and interface design decisions from community participation on the website forums.
Possibility of Field-Dependent Nuclear Magnetic Shielding

The possibility of an observable field dependence of the nuclear magnetic shielding in NMR experiments is discussed. It is shown that in most molecules such an effect should be unobservably small. However, in some molecules, especially where the magnetic shielding is abnormally large, it is possible that the field dependence of the shielding could be large enough to be observable. In NMR experiments of high accuracy in strong magnetic fields, the proportionality of the resonance frequency to the magnetic field should therefore not be automatically assumed, but should be experimentally verified.
A Survey of Grass Roots Advocacy Organizations for Nursing Home Residents

The aim of this study was to examine the role that grass roots advocacy organizations play in safeguarding nursing home residents. The article (1) describes citizen groups with respect to functions, structure, permanence, and assessment procedures; (2) examines the relationship between the grass roots groups and the official ombudsman programs; and (3) identifies distinctive models of citizen organizations. The findings suggest that these organizations provide supplemental manpower to the official ombudsman programs by increasing their capacity to carry out their oversight duties, circumventing political roadblocks and overcoming bureaucratic intertia, and improving program performance through their scrutiny, criticism, or presence as an alternative.
Probe of the shell crossing at A=40 via beta decay: Experiment and theory

The ${\ensuremath{\beta}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$ decays of $^{35}\mathrm{P}$, $^{37}\mathrm{S}$, $^{38}\mathrm{S}$, and $^{38}\mathrm{Cl}$ were studied both experimentally and via shell-model calculations. The four decaying nuclei were formed by bombardment of 81% enriched $^{36}\mathrm{S}$ by triton and deuteron beams. Gamma-ray spectroscopy was carried out with Ge detectors, either bare or surrounded by a Compton suppression NaI(Tl) shield. One new Gamow-Teller decay was observed in $^{35}\mathrm{P}$ decay, and one new first-forbidden decay was observed in $^{38}\mathrm{S}$ decay. Otherwise \ensuremath{\gamma}-ray measurements of ${E}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ and ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ (and limits on ${I}_{\ensuremath{\gamma}}$ for unobserved transitions) were improved significantly over previous results. Shell-model studies were undertaken in order to bring these beta decay results to bear on an understanding of the shell structure in the (sd) to (fp) transition region at A=40. An interaction was constructed in the 1${d}_{5/2}$, 1${d}_{3/2}$, 2${s}_{1/2}$, 1${f}_{7/2}$, 1${f}_{5/2}$, 1${p}_{3/2}$, 1${p}_{1/2}$ model space. This interaction started from the Wildenthal ``USD'' (sd) interaction and the van Hees-Glaudemans (fp) interaction, which were connected by the cross-shell Millener-Kurath interaction. Certain important two-body matrix elements and single-particle energies were adjusted to fit experimental binding energies in A=40, 41, 42. This interaction was then used to calculate level spectra for the daughter nuclei $^{35}\mathrm{S}$, $^{37}\mathrm{Cl}$, $^{38}\mathrm{Cl}$, and $^{38}\mathrm{Ar}$ as well as Gamow-Teller and unique first-forbidden beta decays leading to these nuclei. The techniques used in these relatively large scale calculations are discussed in detail, as are the results.
A method for determining in-use efficiency of stage II vapor recovery systems

Abstract A practical methodology has been developed to evaluate the in-use efficiency of Stage II vapor recovery systems. While the theoretical efficiency of these vapor recovery systems may be measured in chamber studies, their true effectiveness can only be assessed in the field under normal operating conditions. VOC concentrations during automobile refueling were measured at a gasoline station with conventional pumps and a station equipped with a Stage II vapor recovery system. A dual VOC sampling train was developed in order to minimize measurement variability caused by environmental conditions. The results showed a significant difference between VOC emissions during refueling at the Stage II and conventional gasoline stations investigated. The estimated efficiency per refueling of the vapor recovery system at the Stage II station, relative to the conventional station, was between 81% and 93%. Although gasoline spills during refueling have been documented as greater as typical Stage II stations as compared to conventional stations, the presented results indicate the magnitude of these spills is insufficient to substantially undermine the overall efficacy of these vapor recovery systems.
Waveguide-coupled cavities for energy recovery linacs

A novel scheme for energy recovery linacs used as FEL drivers is proposed. It consists of two parallel beam lines, one for electron beam acceleration and the other for the used beam that is bent after passing through a wiggler. The used beam is decelerated by the structure and feeds the cavity fields. The main feature of the scheme is that RF cavities are coupled with waveguides between these two linacs. The waveguide cut through the two beam pipes provides an efficient mechanism for energy transfer. The superconducting RF cavities in the two accelerators can be shaped differently, with an operating mode at the same frequency. This provides HOM detuning and therefore reduces the beam break-up effects. Another advantage of the proposed two-beam scheme is easy tuning of the cavity coupling by changing the waveguide length.
MICROBIC VIRULENCE AND HOST SUSCEPTIBILITY IN PARATYPHOID-ENTERITIDIS INFECTION OF WHITE MICE : III. THE IMMUNITY OF A SURVIVING POPULATION.

Mice which survive a preliminary dose per os of paratyphoid-enteritidis bacilli are more resistant to a second dose per os of a similar epidemic mouse typhoid strain than are mice which have received no preliminary culture. The amount of this resistance is related to the pathogenicity of the preliminary strain more than to its antigenic similarity to the second strain. Mice which survive a preliminary dose per os of paratyphoid-enteritidis bacilli are more resistant to a lethal dose of mercury bichloride per os than are mice which have not received the preliminary bacterial culture. Mice which have resisted and mice which have recovered from a preliminary dose per os of paratyphoid-enteritidis bacilli are more resistant to a lethal intraperitoneal dose of an epidemic mouse typhoid strain than are mice which have not received the preliminary culture. Mice in which the preliminary dose of paratyphoid-enteritidis bacilli has induced a chronic infection readily succumb to a second dose of such bacilli. These findings indicate that the resistance mechanism of the host contains important non-specific factors which vary in degree with the individual mice.
Vibrational relaxation of an amino acid in aqueous solution

Time-resolved Raman spectroscopy is used to study vibrational energy redistribution after CH-stretch excitation, of glycine zwitterion in aqueous solution. Anti-Stokes Raman monitors the glycine vibrations and Stokes Raman monitors heating of the surrounding water, which acts as a molecular thermometer. A three-step mechanism is proposed for vibrational cooling (VC) that includes 0.8 ps decay of the parent CH-stretch, 1.0 ps relaxation of the midrange vibrations and 1.2 ps relaxation of the lower-energy vibrations. The overall VC process observed by the molecular thermometer is represented by a 1.8 ps time constant.
Sequence analysis of the S RNA of the African arenavirus Mopeia: an unusual secondary structure feature in the intergenic region.

Abstract Mopeia virus is an apparently nonpathogenic African arenavirus which can protect animals from subsequent challenge by the closely related Lassa virus. As a step toward understanding these differences in pathogenicity and the means by which Mopeia virus infection can protect against subsequent Lassa virus infection, cDNA clones corresponding to 3419 nucleotides of Mopeia virus S RNA were isolated and sequenced. Two open reading frames, encoding the glycoprotein precursor (GPC) and nucleocapsid (N) proteins, were located in the ambisense arrangement characteristic of the arenaviruses. Comparison of the amino acid sequences of the translation products with those of two Lassa virus strains showed considerable conservation, with 74 and 80% identity for the two glycoproteins G1 and G2, and 74% identity for the N protein. The putative dibasic site of GPC cleavage (R-R) was conserved, as were the potential Winked glycosylation sites. A striking difference between Mopeia virus and Lassa virus was identified in the noncoding intergenic region. Instead of the single hairpin structure formed by base-pairing of complementary sequences which is usually found, the Mopeia virus S RNA has the potential to form two hairpins. These hairpins were similar in sequence and may have been formed in a duplication event during RNA replication. The possible contribution of this secondary structure feature to differences in pathogenicity between Mopeia and Lassa viruses is discussed.
Progressive Pulmonary Calcification Complicating Successful Renal Transplantation

Metastatic pulmonary calcification occurs in a chronic form in patients with malignancy, chronic renal failure, and primary hyperparathyroidism. A rapidly progressive form is associated with renal transplant failure. This case report describes chronic progressive pulmonary calcification after successful transplant with no obvious underlying cause.
The Impact of Contemporary Conservatism On Modern Political Thought: A Review Essay

into social chaos. This fear alongside the preoccupation with the cultural context leads even thoughtful conservatives toward affirmation of the status quo and an uncritical embrace of tradition. This unfortunate and unnecessary outcome has obscured the insights conservative thought can contribute to our understanding of individualism. Coherent Variety, Modern Times, and Hayek on Liberty illustrate the continuing presence in contemporary conservative thought of a central core of ideas. They articulate "a philosophy of imperfection, committed to the idea of limits, and directed towards the defence of a limited style of politics" (O'Sullivan 1976: 12). Despite this consistent focus on human imperfection, the works under review also indicate the divisions within conservative thought and point to the difficulties of reconciling them. O'Sullivan as well as Nash (1976) note similar tripartite categorizations. A theological or traditional variety of conservatism views human inperfection as a permanent fixture in a divinely ordained universe. The historical variety contrasts the limits of human knowledge about ordering society at any given point in time with the wisdom to be gleaned from the accumulated lessons of history. A classical liberal or skeptical variation regards the great difficulties of achieving compromise among values in the absence of certainty about truth as good cause for respecting existing solutions and orders. While each of the works under review contains elements from all three voices, Coherent Variety is anchored in the theological variation, and Hayek's work reflects the classical liberal strand. Modern Times occupies a middle ground, a position interesting for its effort to blend the theological with the classical liberal positions.
The Neutron Star-Helium White Dwarf Population in the Galactic Disk

The population of low-mass binary pulsars in the Galactic disk has grown considerably in the past few years. By "low mass," we mean that the companion to the neutron star is, or is very likely to be, a helium white dwarf. The distribution of these objects in the P- plane, where P is the rotation period, suggests both that their initial periods after spin-up are near 3 ms and that the age of the population is near 5 Gyr. This initial spin-up is similar to the inferred rotation rates in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) with dual-line quasi-periodic oscillations at kilohertz frequencies. Furthermore, the age of 5 Gyr is consistent with models of the LMXB population as evolving from stars with masses just above 1 M☉, although significant uncertainties remain in observationally derived birthrates of the radio and X-ray binaries. The observed distribution of minimum masses in the low-mass binary pulsar population requires a distribution of actual masses and is not the result of a random distribution of inclination angles. This distribution further leads to the conclusion that these millisecond pulsar systems do not have random inclination angles. A preference for orthogonal magnetic and spin axes is a possible configuration.