cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Endoscopic transvestibular paramandibular exploration of the infratemporal fossa and parapharyngeal space: A minimally invasive approach to the middle cranial base

Study Design: Surgical technique and clinical feasibilty of a novel approach to the middle cranial base. Methods: The transvestibular endoscopic approach was applied to four patients with lesions involving the ITF and PPS. Through a vertical oral mucosal incision along the ascending ramus of the mandible, an optical corridor to the ITF and PPS was created and maintained with the aid of a Hardy speculum. The contents of the ITF and PPS were explored with the aid of a 0-degree 4-mm rigid endoscope. Results: Four patients underwent exploration of their right-sided ITF and PPS. The approach provided exposure and access from the middle cranial base at the level of the foramen ovale to the mid-PPS. Branches of the trigeminal nerve in the ITF were safely explored and preserved. Exposure and visualization of the internal maxillary artery and branches were achieved. Of the four patients, two underwent resection of a primary and a recurrent pleomorphic adenoma, one had chronic pain relief from a large synovial chondromatosis, and one had debulking of a recurrent mucoepidermoid carcinoma. The only complications were self-limiting hypoesthesia of the lip in one patient and transient dysphagia in another patient. Conclusions: The transvestibular endoscopic approach to the ITF and PPS offers direct and minimally invasive access to select lesions within this region. Further use of this approach will allow us to determine its potential and limitations.
Stress and food allergy: Mechanistic considerations

Recent years have seen a marked increase in food allergy prevalence among children, particularly in Western countries, that cannot be explained by genetic factors alone. This has resulted in an increased effort to identify environmental risk factors underlying food allergies and to understand how these factors may be modified through interventions. Food allergy is an immune-mediated adverse reaction to food. Consequently, considerations of candidate risk factors have begun to focus on environmental influences that perturb the healthy development of the emerging immune system during critical periods of development (eg, prenatally and during early childhood), particularly in the gut. Given that psychosocial stress is known to play an important role in other allergic and inflammatory diseases, such as asthma, its potential role in food allergy is a growing area of research. However, research to date has largely focused on animal studies. This review synthesizes relevant animal research and epidemiological data, providing proof of concept for moderating influences of psychological stress on food allergy outcomes in humans. Pathways that may underlie associations between psychosocial stress and the expression of food allergy are discussed.
A Socio-cognitive Approach to How Children with Deafblindness Understand Symbols

Children with congenital deafblindness are a population of learners who may need intervention in order to develop symbolic understanding. They experience a combination of vision and hearing impairments that can affect how they make sense of the world, develop relationships, and understand symbols. In this article, the author reviewed a socio-cognitive framework of symbolic understanding and suggested it as one way to organise the extant research on symbolic development of children with deafblindness. A socio-cognitive framework describes the development of children’s individual skills and how their abilities are supported by active participation in social and cultural experiences. Symbolic understanding is not an isolated cognitive skill, but rather a complex socio-cognitive developmental process that is intimately supported by meaningful interactions. A socio-cognitive framework may help teachers to support the symbolic understanding of school-aged children with deafblindness. Teachers of children with d...
Large Sessile Serrated Polyps Can Be Safely and Effectively Removed by Endoscopic Mucosal Resection

Background & Aims As many as 50% of large sessile serrated adenomas/polyps (SSPs) are removed incompletely, which is significant because SSPs have been implicated in the development of interval cancers. It is unclear if endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) is an optimal method for removal of SSPs. We assessed the efficacy and safety of removal of SSPs 10 mm and larger using a standardized inject-and-cut EMR technique. Methods We performed a retrospective analysis of colonoscopy data, collected over 7 years (2007–2013) at 2 centers, from 199 patients with proximal colon SSPs 10 mm and larger (251 polyps) removed by EMR by 4 endoscopists. The primary outcome measure was local recurrence. The secondary outcome measure was safety. Results At the index colonoscopy, patients had a median of 1 serrated lesion (range, 1–12) and 1 nonserrated neoplastic lesion (range, 0–15). The mean SSP size was 15.9 ± 5.3 mm; most were superficially elevated (84.5%) and located in the ascending colon (51%), and 3 SSPs (1.2%) had dysplasia. Surveillance colonoscopies were performed on 138 patients (69.3%) over a mean follow-up period of 25.5 ± 17.4 months. Of these patients, 5 had local recurrences (3.6%; 95% confidence interval, 0.5%–6.7%), detected after 17.8 ± 15.4 months, with a median size of 4 mm. No patients developed postprocedural bleeding, perforation, or advanced colon cancer, or had a death related to the index colorectal lesion during the study period. Conclusions Inject-and-cut EMR is a safe and effective technique for the resection of SSPs. Less than 5% of patients have a local recurrence, which is usually small and can be treated endoscopically.
Coluccio Salutati and the Conception of the Poeta Theologus in the Fourteenth Century

The Italian humanists of the fourteenth century did more than reintegrate the pursuit of eloquence with the concern for ethics, two interests united in the discipline of rhetoric since the time of Cicero but separated in practice by thirteenth-century specialists of ars dictaminis in Italy. Rather their achievement lay in nothing less than Christianizing the European medieval rhetorical tradition. They accomplished this by expressing in terms of those central fields of rhetoric, ethics, and history an appreciation of the distinction between the culture of the ancient world based on human reason and Christian society founded on revealed truth. While not denying the ultimate influence of God upon human history, Petrarch, Boccaccio, and Salutati (at least in his later life) tended to emphasize the natural character of ancient society and thus to secularize its history and achievements.
Sea Floor Bathymetry near the Clarion and Clipperton Fracture Zones

Three areas of approximately 3 600 square miles each were selected for bathymetric exploration. Surveys were conducted in 1961 aboard IJSNS Richfield and USNS Huntsville. Two of the areas investigated were south of the Clarion Fracture Zone at 13°30' N, and 116°30'W, the third was south of the Clipperton Fracture Zone at 6°00'N and 119°00/ W. A detailed survey of a small seamount was also made. Many small-scale features possibly related to the fracture zones were observed. A correlation may exist between topography and observed heat-flow values in these areas.
Mosquito population dynamics and its prevention and control strategy during the construction of Shanghai Expo area

Objective To compare the influence of engineering construction to mosquito population dynamics change.Methods Using CO2 trap surveiling the mosquitoes three times a month in Huangpu district of 2010 Shanghai Expo area from March to November in 2007 and 2008.Results In 2007 and 2008,the mosquito density peak were in July and October;number of Culex pipiens pallens of adult caught in 2008 was 54.5% lower than in 2007,constitution of moquitoes dropped to 43.5%.The number of Aedes albopictus of adult was 47.3% higher than in 2007,constitution of moquitoes was up to 54.5%;number of Culex tritaeniorhynchus in 2008 was 400% higher than in 2007;the peak density of mosquitoes in 2008 was obviously lower than in 2007,only 2/3 of the peak density in 2007.Conclusion The kinds of mosquitoes within the region are still same as before,but the constitution of moquitoes changed.The seasonal fluctuation of mosquito dose not change.It shows that the environment change affects the peak density of mosquitoes.
The influence of extracellular matrix substrata on preadipocyte development in serum-free cultures of stromal-vascular cells.

The influence of the extracellular matrix (ECM) and ECM components on preadipocyte development was examined in primary cultures of adipose tissue stromal-vascular (S-V) cells. Extracellular matrix derived from Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) cells or tumors enhanced several aspects of adipogenesis in vitro. In comparison to uncoated and fibronectin substrata, EHS-ECM substratum markedly increased attachment, spreading, and hypertrophy of preadipocytes while antagonizing spreading of non-preadipocytes. In addition, adipocyte number increased (P < .05) on these substrata despite no increase in total cell number: this resulted in a greater (P < .05) proportion of preadipocytes. These effects of EHS-ECM were also observed with laminin substrata per se, whereas types I and IV collagen and fibronectin had no influence. In contrast to all other substrata, adipocyte number decreased and total cell number increased 2.5-fold on ECM derived from corneal endothelial cells; this resulted in the lowest proportion of preadipocytes. Challenging cultures with adipogenic media (+serum) did not counter the inhibitory influence of corneal endothelial ECM, whereas dexamethasone partially neutralized the inhibitory influence of this ECM. These studies clearly show that source or type of the ECM dictated the influence of ECM substrata on preadipocyte development in primary S-V cultures. However, these studies indicated that the ECM and in particular laminin may play a critical role in morphological aspects of preadipocyte development.
Extrapulmonary nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis

Extrapulmonary nonmeningeal coccidioidomycosis (ENC) is a relatively rare disease that accounts for fewer than 1% of all cases of coccidioidomycosis. ENC may present early (in the setting of acute pulmonary coccidioidomycosis with dissemination) or late (after an innocuous primary infection). The most common site of involvement is the skin, but other sites include bones, joints, and soft tissues. We describe the case of a young African American woman with ENC who presented with an iliopsoas abscess and lumbar vertebral osteomyelitis.
Emissions Allocation Problems in Climate Change Policies

This chapter discusses prominent allocation problems that arise in the design and implementation of climate change policies. In particular, the chapter provides an overview of the operations management literature that analyzes greenhouse gas emissions allocation problems in supply chains and co-production systems, and the chapter includes a detailed discussion of the literature on the free allowance allocation rules in cap-and-trade markets. In addition, the chapter provides an overview of recently available climate change policies, and explains the implications of greenhouse gas emissions allocation for a firm in the absence of a climate change policy (particularly in the context of voluntary carbon offsetting).
To Regulate or Not to Regulate? Views on Electronic Cigarette Regulations and Beliefs about the Reasons for and against Regulation.

Background Policies designed to restrict marketing, access to, and public use of electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are increasingly under debate in various jurisdictions in the US. Little is known about public perceptions of these policies and factors that predict their support or opposition. Methods Using a sample of US adults from Amazon Mechanical Turk in May 2015, this paper identifies beliefs about the benefits and costs of regulating e-cigarettes and identifies which of these beliefs predict support for e-cigarette restricting policies. Results A higher proportion of respondents agreed with 8 different reasons to regulate e-cigarettes (48.5% to 83.3% agreement) versus 7 reasons not to regulate e-cigarettes (11.5% to 18.9%). The majority of participants agreed with 7 out of 8 reasons for regulation. When all reasons to regulate or not were included in a final multivariable model, beliefs about protecting people from secondhand vapor and protecting youth from trying e-cigarettes significantly predicted stronger support for e-cigarette restricting policies, whereas concern about government intrusion into individual choices was associated with reduced support. Discussion This research identifies key beliefs that may underlie public support or opposition to policies designed to regulate the marketing and use of e-cigarettes. Advocates on both sides of the issue may find this research valuable in developing strategic campaigns related to the issue. Implications Specific beliefs of potential benefits and costs of e-cigarette regulation (protecting youth, preventing exposure to secondhand vapor, and government intrusion into individual choices) may be effectively deployed by policy makers or health advocates in communicating with the public.
Retrospective on the origin, intent, and impact of the Gutshops and some directions for the future

The eighth in a series of workshops on fish feeding ecology (“Gutshops”) was held in 2015, continuing a tradition started in 1976 that expanded in scope and participation. Topics in early Gutshops focused on methodology and analysis, and evolved to include niche overlap, competition, nutrition, and community trophic interactions. Major accomplishments were enhanced communications, standardization, design and evolution of indices (IRI, GII, PSIRI, etc.), statistical improvements, graphics, and chemical studies such as stable isotope and fatty acid analyses. Future directions, some of which were presented at the 2015 meeting, include internal tags (detecting feeding through movements, acidity, temperature, etc.), additional stable isotope and fatty acid analyses, genetic identification of prey and physiological indicators (enzyme analysis and digestion processes).
Documentation of Gender Identity in an Adolescent and Young Adult Clinic.

Abstract Purpose To determine if changing electronic health record (EHR) note templates can increase documentation of gender identity in an adolescent and young adult clinic. Methods A two-step gender question was added to EHR note templates for physicals in February 2016. A retrospective chart review was performed 3 months before and after this addition. The primary measure was whether answers to the two-step question were documented. Gender identity/birth-assigned sex discordance, age, and use of the appropriate note template post-template change were also measured. Results One hundred twenty-five pretemplate change and 106 post-template change physicals were reviewed with an inter-rater reliability of 97%. Documentation of answers to the two-step gender identity question increased from 11% to 84% ( p Conclusions This study suggests that incorporating a standardized question into EHR note templates is effective at improving the documentation of gender identity in youth presenting for annual physicals.
Supporting the Development of Engineers' Interdisciplinary Competence

Background Although interdisciplinarity has been a subject of interest and debate for decades, few investigations of interdisciplinary education exist. Existing studies examine the effects of interdisciplinary experiences on students' development of generic cognitive skills but not the development of interdisciplinary competencies. Purpose/Hypothesis This study sought to explore how engineering students' characteristics, college experiences, and engineering faculty beliefs relate to students' reports of interdisciplinary competence. Design/Method The study used a nationally representative survey sample of 5,018 undergraduate students and 1,119 faculty members in 120 U.S. engineering programs at 31 institutions. Using hierarchical linear modeling, we investigated the relationships among students' curricular and co-curricular experiences and faculty beliefs regarding interdisciplinarity in engineering education on students' reports of interdisciplinary competence. Results This study found that a curricular emphasis on interdisciplinary topics and skills, as well as co-curricular activities, specifically, participating in nonengineering clubs and organizations, study abroad, and humanitarian engineering projects, significantly and positively relate to engineering students' reports of interdisciplinary skills. Faculty members' beliefs regarding interdisciplinarity in engineering education moderated the relationships between particular co-curricular experiences and students' interdisciplinary skills, as well as between curricular emphasis and students' interdisciplinary skills. Conclusions This study identified a small set of experiences that are related to students' reported development of interdisciplinary competence. The study points to the critical role of the curriculum in promoting interdisciplinary thinking and habits of mind, as well as the potential of co-curricular opportunities that bring engineering students together with nonmajors to build interdisciplinary competence.
Application of multi-port solid state transformers for microgrid-based distribution systems

Recent developments in the design of power electronic elements with higher voltage and power rating and medium/high frequency enable the use of solid state transformer at different voltage levels for microgrid design. In this study, the concept of a Multi-Port Solid State Transformer (MPSST) for distribution network application is introduced to achieve the goal of creating galvanic isolation between different nodes connected to the converter and between upper and lower zones in a zonal microgrid. MPSST enables compact, integrated and galvanically isolated multi-port node for the microgrid elements and at the same time reduces the number and size of converters. This article proposes a new architecture for the distribution system with dispersed Distributed Generation (DG) resources in all voltage zones of the network using MPSST as the main component in the system. The developed concept interconnects different voltage types and levels using a single compact converter with a centralized control logic. By controlling the phase shift between ports of the converter, the power flow through the legs can be controlled. Also the voltage of different legs is actively regulated.
Epidermoid cyst of the spleen, a case report.

Abstract Introduction Splenic tumors are rare and are either primary or secondary, benign or malignant. Most have none to minimal symptomatology and are found incidentally. Splenic cysts can be infectious, congenital, or traumatic. Epidermoid cysts and parasitic cysts are examples of primary cysts and usually have a classic presentation on imaging. Despite advanced imaging modalities and patient's clinical presentation, it can be difficult to diagnose an epidermoid cyst without histological examination. The purpose of this paper is to discuss typical findings of primary splenic cysts on imaging, but how they may differ in appearance. Presentation of case 51 year old female who presented with vague abdominal discomfort and was found to have a large splenic mass with cystic components on imaging which did not demonstrate a typical primary splenic cyst appearance. Patient underwent an uneventful hand-assisted laparoscopic total splenectomy and had an uneventful recovery with histopathology revealing an epidermoid splenic cyst. Conclusion Primary splenic cysts are difficult to diagnose and differentiate with imaging alone. They have a variable presentation and can present like as a cystic mass. It is important to include them in the differential diagnosis of splenic masses since histopathology is the final determinant of the diagnosis.
The Animal Welfare Act and the Conduct and Publishing of Wildlife Research in the United States

In the US, the Animal Welfare Act (AWA) and its enabling regulations (AWAR) cover all warm-blooded animals used for research, testing, experimentation, or exhibition. The only exceptions, made in the enabling regulations, are for two genera of rodents and for birds, bred specifically for research (meaning even those exceptions do not apply to wild birds and wild rodents of those genera) and for farm and agricultural animals. Research using animals covered by the AWA and AWAR must be reviewed and approved by an Animal Care and Use Committee (ACUC) properly constituted according to AWA and AWAR. A review of Instructions to Authors and policy statements offered by 106 journals classified by their content as containing articles that were oriented largely toward disease, ecology, or general, showed that disease-oriented journals originating in the United States and those produced by professional societies and government agencies have a higher explicit requirement for ACUC review than do disease-oriented journals produced outside the United States or those produced commercially. Journals with a general orientation that are produced outside the United States or commercially had much higher rates of requiring explicit statements for ACUC review than generally-oriented journals produced in the United States or those produced by professional societies and government agencies. Ecology journals had low rates of explicit statements for ACUC review regardless of geographic origins or sources.
In situ H2O2 generation for de-emulsification of fine stable bilge water emulsions

Abstract Herein, the design and construction of a photo-electrochemical system for in situ generation of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and de-emulsification of fine stable bilge water emulsions is described. By coupling visible-light driven photocatalytic oxidation at Pt/TiO2 photo-anode and electro-Fenton oxidation at Fe2O3 loaded graphite cathode in an undivided cell, it was found that the generated H2O2 species, and the subsequently formed hydroxyl radical ( OH) can be employed to readily de-emulsify stable bilge water emulsions. The demonstrated high efficiency of this design is potentially due to the synergetic effect between the efficient separation of photo-produced electron-hole pairs in the Pt/TiO2 photo-anode and the transfer of electrons to the Fe2O3 loaded graphite cathode to create more H2O2 and OH radicals. The concentration of generated H2O2 in solution over the duration of the photo-electrochemical experiments was determined to be 106.21 mg L−1 within 240 min. The formation of OH radicals during photo-electrochemical treatment was confirmed and measured by the photoluminescence method using coumarin as a chemical trap for OH radicals. Reusability studies showed there was no significant difference in chemical oxygen demand removal efficiency and the generation of H2O2 after ten sequential experimental runs, implying the catalytic activity of the system can be maintained for long periods.
From entorhinal neural codes to navigation.

The medial entorhinal cortex contains spatially selective grid cells, whose lattice-like firing patterns are proposed to support path-integration-based navigation. However, direct behavioral evidence has been lacking. Gil et al. disrupt grid cells in a targeted manner, establishing a clear link between grid cell codes and navigation.
Trophic factors for the gastrointestinal tract.

Trophic factors influence the coordinated pre- and postnatal growth and the development of the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. Systemically as well as enterally administered trophic factors have effects upon the GI tract, several have the potential to be used therapeutically to enhance GI maturation and repair following injury. Gastrointestinal trophic factors in human milk play an important role in regulating the adaptive functional changes which accompany the transition to postnatal enteral feedings.
Computer Measurement of Images

The preceding chapter discussed the display of microscope images on a computer screen along with the superposition of grids and overlays. Interactive marking by a human able to recognize the various features present provides the input for the computer to tally the different counts, from which calculation of stereologically useful data can be carried out. The calculations are straightforward, usually requiring no more than a simple spreadsheet and often performed manually.
Arctic Land Birds and Their Migrations

Arctic bird life appears more complicated than that of the arctic mammals because there are more recognized species of birds that breed in the Arctic. A biologist knowledgeable about the American Arctic (Dunbar, 1968) estimated 70 arctic-breeding species of birds out of a world list of 8600. Of 3200 listed mammals, he estimated that 23 lived on land north of forests, with five or six more occurring in arctic seas. Because birds are visible and audible in their activity by day, a great deal is known about their distribution and activities as they move and change in their annual programs. What we see and hear of birds seems understandable to us in terms that represent significant individual and social operations. The unconcealed and often noisy behavior of birds, much like our own, serves to characterize their populations better than we find possible for the usually secretive, obscure, and frequently nocturnal mammals, which are so strongly guided by the sense of smell that finds so little use by birds and men. Rather scant familiarity with birds in the Arctic, however, has led to some confusing generalizations upon the manner of their arctic life.
Experimental Thyroid Carcinogenesis

Thyroid carcinomas have recently become one of the main problems in theoretical, experimental and clinical oncology. This is due, on the one hand, to their specific biological properties with regard to growth, metastasis, functional activity, hormonal control, radiobiological changes after treatment with 131I and resistance to antitumour agents, and, on the other hand, to the possibility of studying them by means of radioactive iodine. There is no other type of tumour in the human body presenting a more favourable target for functional investigations than thyroid tumours. The wide use of radioactive iodine in the diagnosis and treatment of thyroid diseases inevitably brought up the problem of its carcinogenic effect. Experimental data and some clinical observations show that radioactive iodine (131I) is able to cause thyroid tumours both in animals and in man. The increased incidence of thyroid cancer among patients irradiated in childhood for thymic enlargement is indicative of the significant participation of X-ray irradiation in thyroid carcinogenesis.
19F magnetic resonance spectroscopy investigation in vivo of acute and steady-state brain fluvoxamine levels in obsessive-compulsive disorder

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of fluvoxamine in the human brain by using fluorine-19 magnetic resonance spectroscopy (19F MRS) and to assess the relationships among fluvoxamine brain levels, fluvoxamine plasma levels, and clinical efficacy. Method: Eight subjects with DSM-IV obsessive-compulsive disorder were entered into a prospective, open-label treatment trial of fluvoxamine. 19F MRS measurements of whole brain drug and metabolite concentrations and spin-lattice (T1) relaxation times were performed serially in seven subjects for up to 5 months. A psychiatric determination of clinical response and a blood sample for plasma fluvoxamine measurement were obtained at each 19F MRS session. Results: The subjects achieved steady-state brain concentrations of fluvoxamine within 30 days after consistent daily dosing, as determined by stabilization of brain fluvoxamine concentrations. The mean brain-to-plasma ratio at steady state was 24 to 1. Brain fluvoxamine T1 values from 140 to 230 msec were observed. All but one subject experienced substantial improvement in symptoms. The one nonresponder exhibited several-fold higher plasma and brain fluvoxamine levels. Conclusions: Brain fluvoxamine levels were substantially higher than plasma levels. Steady-state brain levels correlated to plasma levels but not to dose. Systematic assessment of treatment response in relation to brain or plasma fluvoxamine level was not feasible because of the marked and rapid clinical response during open-label treatment. These data suggest that fluvoxamine attains brain steady-state levels substantially faster than fluoxetine, with corresponding clinical implications. (Am J Psychiatry 1997; 154:516‐522)
Radiographic signs of hook of hamate fracture: evaluation of diagnostic utility

Hook of hamate fracture, the most common swing-related wrist fracture, is commonly seen in high-level athletes. The fracture is rarely diagnosed on routine wrist radiographs, thus generally requiring CT or MR for diagnosis. Surgical excision has a high success rate, however diagnostic delay contributes to a high complication rate. Radiographic signs of hook of hamate fracture have been published, but uncertainty of the diagnostic accuracy limits application. The purpose of this study is to determine accuracy and interobserver reliability of radiographic signs of hook of hamate. This retrospective case-control study evaluated wrist radiographs of 50 patients, including 24 positive and 26 negative, for hook of hamate fracture, each proven by CT or MR. Five reviewers performed blinded, randomized evaluation of radiographs documenting whether the hook of hamate was normal or fractured, and if fractured, the radiographic signs present (ring sign, ghostly shadow, and diffuse sclerosis) and views that contributed to diagnosis. Radiographic signs demonstrated high sensitivity (85%; 95% CI: 77–91), specificity (92%; 95% CI: 86–96), and accuracy (89%; 95% CI: 84–92) with substantial interobserver reliability (k = 0.652). The ring sign was the most sensitive radiographic sign. Diagnosis was most often supported by the oblique view (38%) and rarely the lateral view (15%). Radiographic signs of hook of hamate fracture on routine radiographs can accurately and reliably diagnose hook of hamate fractures. Evaluation for discontinuity of the cortical ring will optimize sensitivity, allowing for timely diagnosis and treatment, and a reduction of complications.
Ecological Approach in Practice: A Case Study of the Ounce of Prevention Fund

Les AA. montrent que le nombre de jeunes meres est tres important aux Etats-Unis. Ils soulignent qu'une grossesse peut avoir des consequences importantes dans l'existence d'une adolescente. Ils estiment que les programmes qui visent a prevenir ce type de situation ne peuvent exercer une influence positive que s'ils s'inserent et prennent en compte l'environnement social et individuel des adolescentes. Les AA. examinent en quoi l'adolescence, la famille, le partenaire, le voisinage peuvent jouer un role en ce domaine. Ils presentent un certain nombre de programmes de prevention elabores dans ce but
Ferroelectric Polarization Switching of Hafnium Zirconium Oxide in a Ferroelectric/Dielectric Stack

The ferroelectric polarization switching in ferroelectric hafnium zirconium oxide (Hf0.5Zr0.5O2, HZO) in the HZO/Al2O3 ferroelectric/dielectric stack is investigated systematically by capacitance–v...
Accepting or Resisting? Citizen Responses to Corruption Across Varying Levels of Competence and Corruption Prevalence:

The literature studying citizen responses to exposed political corruption is rapidly growing. While some studies explore how information credibility and group identities can reduce the electoral im...
Randomized Trial of Perioperative Probiotics Among Patients Undergoing Major Abdominal Operation.

Background We investigated the utility and safety of short-course oral probiotics among patients undergoing major abdominal operations. Perioperative probiotics can decrease length of stay and lower rates of infectious complications. We assessed whether perioperative probiotics decrease major complications among patients undergoing high-risk gastrointestinal operations in a pragmatic randomized trial. Study Design This double-blind trial randomized 135 patients undergoing elective major gastrointestinal operations to perioperative oral probiotic VSL#3 taken just before operation and twice daily up to 15 total doses (n = 67) or placebo (n = 68). The primary outcomes measure was 30-day composite end point of death, unplanned readmission, or any infection. Results Primary end point occurred among 17 patients in the placebo group (25.0%) vs 22 patients in the probiotic group (32.8%; p = 0.315). Thirty-day mortality was 2 (2.9%) in the placebo group compared with 1 (1.5%) in the probiotic group (p = 1.000). The placebo group patients experienced lower 30-day readmission rate (3 of 68 [4.4%]) compared with the probiotic group (11 of 67 [16.4%]; p = 0.022). None of the placebo patients were readmitted for dehydration, but 5 of 11 probiotic group patients (45%; p = 0.049) were readmitted for dehydration as a consequence of diet intolerance and/or diarrhea. There was no difference in 30-day infection rate between the groups (15 or 68 [22%] in the placebo group vs 15 of 67 [22.4%] in the probiotic group; p = 0.963). Conclusions Perioperative use of VSL#3 probiotic did not affect 30-day composite end point of mortality, readmission, and infection rate. A significantly higher readmission rate was observed among those exposed to probiotics. Additional studies remain warranted.
Endovascular Therapy in an "All-Comers" Risk Group for Chronic Limb-Threatening Ischemia Demonstrates Safety and Efficacy When Compared with the Established Performance Criteria Proposed by the Society for Vascular Surgery.

Background The aim of this study was to describe the applicability of the Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) objective performance goals (OPGs) as a tool to evaluate results in the context of endovascular management of noncomplex and complex patients (i.e., end stage renal disease/history of prosthetic conduit) with chronic limb-threatening ischemia (CLTI). Methods Patients diagnosed with CLTI undergoing endovascular procedures from March 2016 to April 2017 were included, and medical records were examined. Patients were categorized as OPG risk (OPGR) and non-OPG risk (nOPGR) groups in accordance with the SVS performance criteria. We compared clinical events between the two groups and then further to the SVS OPGs. Thirty-day outcomes (safety) were major amputation (AMP), major adverse limb events (MALEs), and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs), and 1-year outcomes (efficacy) were limb salvage, MALE + 30-day perioperative death (MALE + POD), and survival. Mortality was demonstrated using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Results A total of 72 patients were included (OPGR = 58.3% vs. nOPGR = 41.7%). Mean follow-up was 20 months (range, 1–40 months). Retrograde pedal access was used in 65.2% of patients. The overall AMP rate was 2.7% (OPGR = 4.7%, nOPGR = 0%, P = 0.225, vs. SVS OPG 84%), MALE + POD was 76.4% (OPGR = 78.6%, nOPGR = 73.4%, P = 0.606, vs. SVS OPG>71%), and survival was 77.7% (OPGR = 83.3%, nOPGR = 70%, P = 0.18, vs. SVS OPG>80%). Conclusions The SVS OPGs set appropriate safety and efficacy standards as a bar for new technologies. In this series, endovascular therapy in all-comers exceeded the safety and efficacy endpoints proposed by the limited risk OPG panel.
Fake News on Facebook and Twitter: Investigating How People (Don't) Investigate

With misinformation proliferating online and more people getting news from social media, it is crucial to understand how people assess and interact with low-credibility posts. This study explores how users react to fake news posts on their Facebook or Twitter feeds, as if posted by someone they follow. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 25 participants who use social media regularly for news, temporarily caused fake news to appear in their feeds with a browser extension unbeknownst to them, and observed as they walked us through their feeds. We found various reasons why people do not investigate low-credibility posts, including taking trusted posters' content at face value, as well as not wanting to spend the extra time. We also document people's investigative methods for determining credibility using both platform affordances and their own ad-hoc strategies. Based on our findings, we present design recommendations for supporting users when investigating low-credibility posts.
Introduction: Druggable Lipid Signaling Pathways.

Lipids are essential for life. They store energy, constitute cellular membranes, serve as signaling molecules, and modify proteins. In the long history of lipid research, many drugs targeting lipid receptors and enzymes that are responsible for lipid metabolism and function have been developed and applied to a variety of diseases. For example, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are commonly prescribed medications for fever, pain, and inflammation. The NSAIDs block prostaglandin production by inhibiting cyclooxygenases. A recent innovative breakthrough in drug discovery for the lipid biology field was the development of the sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor modulators (fingolimod, siponimod and ozanimod) for the treatment of multiple sclerosis, which were approved by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2010, 2019 and 2020, respectively. This review series of “Druggable Lipid Signaling Pathways” provides 9 outstanding reviews that summarize the currently available drugs that target lipid signaling pathways and also outlines future directions for drug discovery. The review chapters include lipid signaling pathways (prostanoids, leukotrienes, epoxy fatty acids, sphingolipids, lysophospholipids, endocannabinoids, and phosphoinositides) and lipid signaling proteins (lysophospholipid acyltransferases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, and G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs)). Drugs targeting lipid signaling pathways promise to be life changing magic for the future of human health and well-being.
Alliance for clinical education guidebook for clerkship directors: edited by Z. Bruce, M.D. Morgenstern (Sr Ed). H. Horak, L. Konopasek, C. Ledford, D. Manthey, J. Olasky, D. V. Power, A. Pradhan, N. Vaidya, G. L. Beck Dallaghan, 5th Edition. ISBN 978-1-62130-727-3 (paperback), $59.95. North Syracuse, NY: Gegensatz Press, 2019.

After more than 28 years in medical student education, I can think of no role more demanding and complex than that of the medical student clerkship director. Luckily, the Alliance for Clinical Educ...
Gel–Print–Grow: A New Way of 3D Printing Metal–Organic Frameworks

3D printing offers an attractive means of forming structured metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), as this technique imparts digital geometric tuning to fit any process column. However, 3D-printed MOF structures are usually formed by suspending presynthesized particles into an ink for further processing. This leads to poor rheological properties as MOFs do not bind with inert binders. Herein, we address this problem by coordinating the MOF secondarily by 3D printing its gelated precursors. Specifically, we produced a printable sol-gel containing ∼70 wt % of HKUST-1 precursors and optimized the in situ growth conditions by varying the desolvation temperature and activation solvent. Analysis of the so-called gel-print-grow monoliths' properties as a function of the coordination variables revealed that desolvating at 120 °C produced fully formed MOF particles with comparable diffractive indices to the parent powder regardless of the activation solvent used. Assessment of the samples' textural properties revealed that washing in acetone or methanol produced the highest surface areas, pore volumes, and CO2 adsorption capacities, however, washing with methanol produced binder swelling and collapse of the printed structure, thereby indicating that washing with acetone was more effective overall. This study represents a promising way of 3D printing MOFs and a breakthrough in additive manufacturing, since the simple, high-throughput, framework detailed herein-whereby the synthesis temperature and washing solvent are varied to optimize MOF coordination-could easily be applied to other crystallites. As such, it is anticipated that this new and exciting method will provide new paths to shape engineer MOFs for applications in energy-intensive fields and beyond.
Labor market trends and unemployment insurance generosity during the pandemic

Abstract We test whether changes in unemployment insurance (UI) benefit generosity under the CARES Act in the US are associated with differential employment outcomes under the distinct conditions of the pandemic. While we observe a negative association between UI generosity and employment, we show that the relative employment gap arises before the Act was instituted, decreases in magnitude when the augmented benefits were in place, and does not change when the benefits expansion expires.
Abstract IA009: Dact1 biomolecular condensates mediate TGFβ-Wnt crosstalk in bone metastasis

TGF-β signaling is a well established pathway driving different steps of bone metastasis progression. Wnt signaling plays a dichotomous role in bone metastasis, with recent studies showing that inhibition of Wnt signaling by DKK1 is critical for avoidance of immune clearance of dormant bone micrometastasis and activation of osteoclast activity during osteolytic outgrowth. On the other hand, engagement of bone vascular E-selectin by disseminated tumor cells (DTCs) promotes metastatic colonization in bone by activating Wnt signaling to enhance tumor initiating activity of DTCs. These findings imply a complex interplay between TGF-b and Wnt signaling in different stages of bone metastasis development that allows efficient colonization, dormancy and outgrowth of secondary tumors in bone. What mediates the dynamic transition of TGF-β and Wnt signaling states during metastasis is currently unknown. Here we present data describing a novel phase-separated organelle organized by bone metastasis promoting protein Dact1 which mediates the crosstalk of TGF-β and Wnt signaling. We found that Dact1 is induced by TGF-β signaling and forms dynamically regulated biomolecular condensates that suppress Wnt signaling. A high level of Dact1 expression is associated with an elevated risk of bone metastasis in breast cancer patients and Dact1 is necessary for bone metastasis in mouse models of breast and prostate cancers. Citation Format: Yibin Kang. Dact1 biomolecular condensates mediate TGFβ-Wnt crosstalk in bone metastasis [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Virtual Special Conference on the Evolving Tumor Microenvironment in Cancer Progression: Mechanisms and Emerging Therapeutic Opportunities; in association with the Tumor Microenvironment (TME) Working Group; 2021 Jan 11-12. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2021;81(5 Suppl):Abstract nr IA009.
Critical Planetary Romanticism: Ecology, Evolution, and Erotic Thinking

Queer Theory (QT) has expanded since the 1990s beyond critiques of normative understandings of gender and sex, to a broader critique of normative thinking in general. The destabilizing force of QT has been utilized to critique understandings of ‘nature’, highlighting how nature is a historically constructed and changing category. This article puts queer theorists into dialogue with ‘critically romantic’ scientists of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Though not often thought of as ‘queer’ critically romantic scientists such as Ernst Haeckel understood that ‘nature’, from an ecological and evolutionary standpoint, was an unstable category. Using these earlier thinkers in dialogue with QT, I bring queer thinking back to nature in an erotics of thought, or what I call a critical planetary romanticism (CPR). A CPR opens us on to the evolving and entangled planetary community and the co-construction of the planetary grounds of our own thought.
Sample preparation for gas chromatography

Abstract Direct injection is suitable for the analysis of simple mixtures of thermally stable compounds with similar physical and chemical properties and a limited relative concentration range. For most other samples, some form of sample preparation is required. Typical methods include distillation, solvent extraction, liquid–liquid extraction, solid-phase extraction, microextraction, and derivatization. A combination of techniques is often required to prepare a complex sample. A typical scheme for sample preparation might include one or all of the following steps: preliminary sample fractionation; isolation of the target compounds of interest; and concentration to a level suitable for detection. In this way, the sample introduced into the gas chromatograph will be effectively separated with a suitable separation time, with an adequate detector response, and without significant column contamination.
Comparison of the Timing of the Second Dose of Prostaglandin F2 Alpha in a Five-Day Progesterone-based Timed AI Synchronization Protocol in Angus Cross Beef Cows

Artificial insemination (AI) is a highly effective reproductive technology for promoting genetic improvement in beef cattle. The most commonly used timed-AI program in beef cattle is the CO-Synch program. Pregnancy rates achieved through this program have ranged from 31 to 66% across a series of published reports, a rate that is acceptable to many beef producers. It has been shown that reducing the interval from the initial GnRH treatment to PGF2a (and withdrawal of a progestin) improves the outcome of timed-AI. With this protocol, termed the 5-day Co-Synch+ CIDR protocol, cows are given GnRH and have a CIDR device placed intravaginally, have the device removed after five days, and are given PGF2a, and then are time inseminated at 72 hours. However, this protocol requires the injection of two doses of PGF2a with an inconvenient 12-hour wait between the two doses. Reducing the interval between the two doses of PGF2a will allow cows to be handled twice with only a single penning and sorting to remove calves. The objective of this study was to compare reproductive performance of Angus cross beef cows synchronized with 5-day Co-Synch+ CIDR protocol and two doses of dinoprost tromethamine (PGF) given at CIDR removal and either at 2 h or 8 h following CIDR withdrawal.
Reinhard Maack and the Brandberg (Namibia).The long wait for the country's highest mountain to be cartographically recognized

This story has two unsung heroes: a mountain, and a cartographer. First, there was the mountain and its environment. All around the edges of southern Africa, the major relief features are coastal l...
Abstract 188: I X2 X2

Background: An increase in aortic stiffness is a fundamental component of hypertension. However, the molecular mechanism involved is unclear. Our hypothesis is that the increased aortic stiffness i...