cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Azotämie nach Magenblutung. Klinische Beiträge zur Deutung‐insbesondere der initialen Azotämie

Zusammenfassung. 1) Nach Magenblutung wird in 43 von 55 Fallen eine von Harnstoffsteigerung bedingte Azotamie konstatiert. 2) Negative Stickstoffbilanz und Azotamie finden sich auch bei Ulkuskranken ohne Magenblutung die mit derselben Diat wie blutende Falle behandelt werden. 3) Der Stoffwechsel bei der gewohnlichen Behandlung von Magenblutung ist wahrend der ersten Woche ein ahnlicher wie im Hungerversuch.— 4) Die initiale Azotamie nach Magenblutungen ist hauptsach eine Folge der Inanition, und tritt in den Fallen am deutlichsten zu Tage wo die negative N-Bilanz die hochste ist. 5) Die Absorption von Blut im Darm kann in geringem Ausmass an der Rest-N Steigerung wahrend den ersten Tagen nach Magenblutungen beteiligt sein. 6) Die Anamie nach Magenblutungen erlangt gewohnlich keine Bedeutung fur das Entstehen der Azotamie. 7) Die Flussigkeitszufuhr ist fur die Azotamie in meinem Material ohne Bedeutung. 8) Hamodynamische Faktoren sind fur die initiale Azotamie bedeutungslos, erlangen aber bei der Sastazotamie eine grundlegende Bedeutung. Resume. 1) En 43 de 55 cas on constate apres gastorragie une azotemie causee par une augmentation d'uree. 2) Un bilan azote negatif et azotemie se trouvent, soit chez des gastorragies ulcereuses, soit chez des malades ulcereuses sans gastrorragie, traites avec la meme diete. 3) Le metabolisme dans le regime ordinair des gastrorragies pendant la premiere semaine, est, dans une certaine mesure, un metabolisme d'inanition. 4) L'azotemine initiale apres des gastrorragies est causee principalement par la subnutrition, et se manifeste par consequant le plus nettement dans les cas ou le bilan azote est le plus negatif. 5) L'absorption du sang par l'intestin peut partager, dans une mesure tres limitee, a l'augmentation sanguin d'uree pendant les premiers jours apres l'hemorragie. 6) En generale, l'anemie apres les gastrorragies n'importe pas au point de vue de l'azotemie. 7) Le dosage de liquide est sans importance pour l'azotemie dans ces obervations. 8) Des moments hemodynamiques n'obtiennent aucune importance pour l'azotemie initiale. Chez les azotemies tardives. au contraire, ces moments sont en cause.
Discrete Residues in the C2B Domain of Synaptotagmin I Independently Specify Endocytic Rate and Synaptic Vesicle Size

It has been demonstrated that synapses lacking functional synaptotagmin I (Syt I) have a decreased rate of synaptic vesicle endocytosis. Beyond this, the function of Syt I during endocytosis remains undefined. Here, we demonstrate that a decreased rate of endocytosis in syt(null) mutants correlates with a stimulus-dependent perturbation of membrane internalization, assayed ultrastructurally. We then separate the mechanisms that control endocytic rate and vesicle size by mapping these processes to discrete residues in the Syt I C(2)B domain. Mutation of a poly-lysine motif alters vesicle size but not endocytic rate, whereas the mutation of calcium-coordinating aspartate residues (syt-D3,4N) alters endocytic rate but not vesicle size. Finally, slowed endocytic rate in the syt-D3,4N animals, but not syt(null) animals, can be rescued by elevating extracellular calcium concentration, supporting the conclusion that calcium coordination within the C(2)B domain contributes to the control of endocytic rate.
Dynamic Nuclear Polarization in Crystals

We shall be concerned with a system of nuclear spins in coupling with electron spins in a solid, and the possibility of polarizing appreciably the nuclear spins through excitation of the magnetic resonances of the system. This is another example of a dynamic polarization method, but in contrast to the cases just discussed by Professor Abragam and Professor Richards, the nuclei are polarized directly by inducing certain forbidden microwave transitions (Jeffries 1957, 1960). After a rather general description of the phenomena, directed toward those unfamiliar with these methods, details will be given with applications to polarized proton targets. To fix ideas, think of a single crystal of the double nitrate La2Mg3(NO3)12. 24H2O, in which, say 1% of the La3+ ions have been replaced by paramagnetic Nd3+ ions, which are our electron spin system. The nuclear spins may be either the Nd nuclei; or the nuclei H, La, N, etc., in neighbouring diamagnetic atoms. We consider these cases separately below. Imagine the crystal to be enclosed in a copper box, i. e. a microwave cavity, immersed in liquid helium at T ~ 1 °K and in a magnetic field H ~ 104G. Figure 32 shows the experimental arrangement to keep in mind. An r. f. coil wound around the crystal may be used for measuring the nuclear magnetic resonance absorption, which is just proportional to the nuclear polarization.
Role of histamine in the hypoxic vascular response of the lung

The lung vasculature responds to alveolar hypoxia by constriction and when the hypoxia is localized to one region of the lung, vasoconstriction is also localized to that region. Histamine has been alleged to have a role in the vasoconstrictor response with generalized alveolar and thus systemic hypoxia, but the role for histamine is not clear in localized alveolar hypoxia. Studies were, therefore, undertaken to determine the contribution of histamine to the localized pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to hypoxia. A divided tracheal cannula was used in anesthetized dogs which allowed for ventilation of one lung with oxygen to maintain normal systemic oxygenation (mean PaO2 =73 mm Hg) while the other lung was ventilated with nitrogen as an alveolar hypoxic stimulus. Perfusion to each lung was determined with the 133Xe technique utilizing external counters over the chest. Perfusion (Q) was decreased by 32% (P = 0.002) to the hypoxic lung after 10 minutes of unilateral nitrogen breathing. After intravenous infusion of 20 mg of chlorpheniramine maleate, a potent antihistamine, the decrease in Q to the hypoxic lung was unchanged at 30%. After 40-100 mg chlorpheniramine the decrease in perfusion was again unchanged at 34%. Therefore a significant role was not demonstrated for histamine in the regional pulmonary vasoconstrictor response to alveolar hypoxia in the absence of systemic hypoxemia.
Experimental production of hypersensitivity pneumonitis with bagasse and thermophilic actinomycete antigen.

Abstract Albino New Zealand rabbits and Sprague-Dawley rats were repeatedly exposed to either: (1) ultrasonically aerosolized actinomycete-laden bagasse extract or (2) Micropolyspora faeni antigen via the intratracheal, intravenous, or intramuscular route. Response was evaluated in terms of pulmonary morphologic changes, development of serum precipitins, skin reactivity, and peripheral lymphocyte 3 H-TdR incorporation. Some "normal" unaerosolized rats housed in cages with bagasse flooring demonstrated antibagasse precipitins by Ouchterlony gel diffusion and/or varying degrees of peribronchial and perivascular lymphoid hyperplasia. Peripheral lymphocytes from aerosolized rats failed to incorporate significant 3 H-TdR in the presence of bagasse extract but bagasse was shown to inhibit phytohemagglutinin-induced lymphocyte transformation. Rabbits immunized repeatedly intratracheally with actinomycete antigen in saline solution developed serum precipitins, delayed skin reactivity, actinomycete induced peripheral lymphocyte 3 H-TdR incorporation plus intense alveolar and interstitial pneumonitis characterized by prominent alveolar macrophage proliferation. Rabbits immunized via the intramuscular route in Freund's adjuvant demonstrated identical immunologic findings but no extensive pulmonary lesions. Our results indicate that repeated respiratory tract exposure to thermophilic actinomycete antigen can induce pulmonary mononuclear cell infiltrates, serum precipitins, and antigen-induced peripheral lymphocyte DNA synthesis. The histopathologic lesions and delayed skin reactions to M. faeni in our intratracheally immunized rabbits suggest that cell-mediated (type IV) hypersensitivity is present in this experimental animal model.
Intraspecific variability in the social and genetic mating systems of prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster

Intraspecific variability in mating systems has been documented previously, but there are few studies where investigators have used intraspecific comparisons to investigate the influence of ecological or demographic factors on social and genetic mating systems. We studied two populations of prairie voles, Microtus ochrogaster, one near Lawrence, Kansas, U.S.A., and the other in Bloomington, Indiana, U.S.A. We examined differences in spatial structuring of vegetation between sites, which might contribute to intraspecific variation in social and genetic mating patterns. Since space use is often related to the mating system, we calculated home range size of a subset of adult males and females in both populations and used live trapping to examine the number of same- or opposite-sex conspecifics sharing capture locations. We applied social network analysis to live-trapping data to quantify the number and strength of social ties with opposite-sex conspecifics. Genetic parentage analysis provided an estimate of the number of mates per individual. We found that space use and overlap with members of the same and opposite sex were best explained by effects of site and sex. The relative strength of social associations with opposite-sex conspecifics was best predicted by site, density and sex. The genetic mating system was best explained by population density. Although we cannot disentangle population density from ecological variables related to site (e.g. distribution of vegetation) that may have affected social monogamy in our study populations, our study shows that extrinsic variables do affect differences in social and genetic mating systems between populations.
Transluminal stent-assisted angioplasty of the intracranial vertebrobasilar system for medically refractory, posterior circulation ischemia: early results.

OBJECTIVE: Symptomatic vertebrobasilar artery stenosis portends a poor prognosis, even with medical therapy. Surgical intervention is associated with considerable morbidity, and percutaneous angioplasty alone has demonstrated mixed results, with significant complications. Recent advances in stent technology have allowed for a novel treatment of symptomatic, medically refractory, vertebrobasilar artery stenosis. We report on a series of patients with medically refractory, posterior circulation stenosis who were treated with transluminal angioplasty and stenting at two medical centers in the United States. METHODS: A retrospective analysis of data for 11 consecutive patients with symptomatic, medically refractory, intracranial, vertebral or basilar artery stenosis was performed. All patients were treated with percutaneous transluminal angioplasty and stenting. Short-term clinical and angiographic follow-up data were obtained. RESULTS: Among 11 patients who were treated with stent-assisted angioplasty of the basilar or vertebral arteries, there were three periprocedural deaths and one delayed death after a pontine stroke. Other complications included a second pontine infarction, with subsequent residual diplopia. The remaining seven patients (64%) experienced symptom resolution and have resumed their preprocedural activities of daily living. Angiographic follow-up examinations demonstrated good patency of the stented lesions for five of seven survivors (71%); one patient exhibited minimal intrastent intimal hyperplasia, and another patient developed new stenosis proximal to the stent and also developed an aneurysm within the stented portion of the basilar artery. The last patient exhibited 40% narrowing of the treated portion of the vessel lumen. CONCLUSION: Recent advances in stent technology allow negotiation of the proximal posterior circulation vasculature. Although the treatment of vertebrobasilar artery stenosis with angioplasty and stenting is promising, long-term angiographic and clinical follow-up monitoring of a larger patient population is needed. (Neurosurgery 48:1215‐1223, 2001)
What is the role of imaging in acute low back pain

In patients with non specific acute low back pain, without the red flags, a conservative approach is preferable, with assessment in 4–6 weeks. The natural history of low back pain is favorable with improvement over time, thus reassurance to such patients is very important. However, a plain radiograph or more advanced imaging techniques like MRI/CT may be ordered in back pain associated with radiculopathy or spinal stenosis and back pain associated with progressive neurologic deficits. There is limited role of imaging in non specific acute low back pain without the red flags, as the findings correlate poorly with symptoms.
The Virtuous Circle of Wikipedia: Recursive Measures of Collaboration Structures

In open collaboration, knowledge is created and iteratively improved by a multitude of editors who freely choose what should be their contributions. The quality of knowledge artifacts (e.g. article, source code file) is deeply tied to their individual expertise, and to their ability to collaborate well. Conversely, the expertise of contributors is a function of artifacts contributed to. Building upon a large stream of literature on the measurement of article quality and contributor expertise, we propose a recursive algorithm to measure how editor expertise influences the quality of articles, and how contributions to articles influence editor expertise. This bi-partite network random walker metric reveals the specific structure of cooperation and how the quality of articles is achieved through coordination. We show that while the wisdom of crowds is well pulled in some categories, more editors per article can also create disvalue.
Transfer and complexity in artificial grammar learning

Implicit and explicit learning are sensitive to various degrees of complexity and abstractness, ranging from knowledge of first-order dependencies and specific surface structure to second-order dependencies and transfer. Three experiments addressed whether implicit learning is sensitive to this entire range of information or whether explicit knowledge becomes an important factor in cases of more complex learning. Experiment 1 used recognition and prediction to assess deliberate access to knowledge of letter patterns in an artificial grammar learning paradigm. Experiment 2 manipulated stimulus presentation and response in a sequence-based grammar learning paradigm. Learning can occur without awareness in cases of lesser complexity (such as learning first-order dependencies). However, more complex learning, such as that involved in learning second-order dependencies or in transfer to stimuli with the same underlying syntax but new surface features is linked to explicit knowledge. In contrast to Experiments 1 and 2 which assessed deliberate access to knowledge of the acquisition stimuli, Experiment 3 assessed deliberate access to knowledge of the transfer stimuli. Knowledge of initial trigrams in the transfer stimuli appears to play an important role in transfer. These findings are evaluated in terms of postulated implicit learning mechanisms.
Heuristic powertrain setpoint determination

This paper addresses challenges in managing complex automotive powertrain control systems by employing a heuristic method to determine complex setpoints. Two main areas of focus are the fuzzy determination of the driver characteristics and the gear selection for discrete automatic transmissions. The driver characterization determines how aggressive or docile a driver is and has a weighted impact on the gear selection. The gear selection process captures transmission performance fundamentals and infuses them with logic to eliminate undesired or physically impossible gears.
Determination of Zinc in Insulin Preparations

A description of an accurate absorptiometric technique for the determination of zinc in insulin is presented. It involves differential demasking of zinc in the presence of contaminating interferences such as copper and iron, followed by a reaction with the color reagent, zincon. It appears to be a simple yet useful process for quality control.
Investigation of the dose accuracy and benefits of gated IMRT and VMAT for clinical implementation

Introduction To evaluate the dose accuracy and benefits of gated intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and gated volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) for clinical implementation. Methods and materials The Dynamic Thorax Phantom from CIRS (DTP) was used for this study. The phantom mimics a human thorax and contains a moving and programmable rod enclosing a spherical tumor in the left lung. Thirteen different settings were tested combining three spheres of different diameters (1, 2 or 3 cm) and seven breathing patterns. One 4D-CT per setting was acquired using the Real-time Positioning Management system (Varian). Gated and non-gated IMRT and VMAT treatment plans were calculated with Eclipse 10.0. Absolute dose measurements were performed with thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLD, diameter 2 mm, thickness 0.1 mm) and 2D relative dose distributions were measured with radiochromic films (Gafchromic EBT3, ISP). Dose-volume histograms were compared. Furthermore, an irregular patient-based breathing pattern was applied to the DTP. Gated and non-gated 4DCT-image based VMAT plans were created. PTV coverage was compared using a moving gafchromic film inserted in the DTP. Results The absolute calculated and measured doses were within 3%. The passing rate of 95% (gamma criterion 3%/3 mm) was achieved in the majority of the 2D dose distribution comparison plans. The reduction in dose to OAR was important for high amplitude pulmonary movements (>5 cm). For amplitudes of 5 cm, 10.2% of healthy lung tissue receiving 20 Gy was spared with IMRT and 9.7% with VMAT compared to non-gated treatments. The size of the tumor appeared to be an important selection criterion: the volume of healthy tissue spared increased with tumors volume. Conclusion The commissioning of this new technique was satisfying. IMRT and VMAT gating should only be used clinically for large and mobile tumors to obtain the greatest dosimetric benefit and to counterbalance the decrease in patient comfort due to the longer treatment delivery time.
Direct coal liquefaction safety risks: feedstock production and transportation

Abstract We identify major factors resulting in serious injury and loss of life during coal mining and shipment necessary to supply a hypothetical 1-quad/yr direct coal liquefaction industry with feedstock and fuel. Regional siting of direct coal liquefaction processing facilities, mine type, and coal transport mode would all govern the magnitude of deaths and injuries occurring as a consequence of commercial liquefaction. Of the five coal supply regions evaluated, the most serious occupational hazards would be generated by underground mining in the Central Appalachian Basin. The least hazardous mining regions are predicted to be the Powder River and Northern Great Plains Basins. Truck transport of coal in either the Northern or Central Appalachian basins was determined to generate the greatest risk of employee fatalities and lost workdays; barging on Appalachian or mid-western waterways is least hazardous to workers. Public risks for fatal injury accidents via rail or truck transport are comparable for all regions except the Illinois Basin, which would generate approximately half the risk of the other four regions. The risks of injury and death to workers and the public during these first segments of the fuel cycle are greater than any other risks attributable to direct liquefaction commercialization.
An analysis of errors in the calibration of electric instruments

It has often been stated that the standards and equipment used to calibrate an electric instrument, or other electric measuring apparatus, should be ten times as accurate as the instrument being tested. This rule-of-thumb usually leads to impossible demands on the accuracy of the standards, particularly if more than two echelons of standards are involved. Troublesome problems should be expected in primary, secondary, and tertiary standardizing laboratories in large organizations. At any echelon, operations on a 10-to-1 basis require standards that become vastly more expensive in first cost and in actual use, because of the type of personnel and time required, than may be warranted by the instruments being tested.
Mobility and Commute Disutility Effects of 511 Deployment in Salt Lake City, Utah

The mobility and disutility-reduction benefits to users of the 511 advisory service currently deployed in Salt Lake City, Utah, were evaluated through a modeling study conducted using the HOWLATE (Heuristic On-Line Web-Linked Arrival Time Estimation) methodology. The benefits of the existing 511 advisory service to seasoned users of the service and the potential additional benefit to providing travel-time estimates via the 511 service were evaluated. Data were provided by the Utah Department of Transportation. Four types of commuters were modeled: (a) a nonuser, who ignored traveler information; (b) a 511 advisory user, who made use of the 511 advisory service currently available to commuters in Salt Lake City; (c) a 511 travel-time user, who made use of a hypothetical 511 service that provided travel-time estimates; and (d) a dynamic message sign (DMS) user, who made use of DMS deployed along 20 mi of I-15. Analysis showed that the existing 511 advisory service resulted in mobility and disutility-reduction benefits to seasoned commuters. Compared with the nonuser, the 511 advisory user was able to reduce peak-period late arrivals by 14%. By supplementing the existing 511 advisory service with DMS, late arrivals for current 511 advisory users can be further reduced by more than 10%. Providing travel times for the entire network over the 511 service can reduce peak-period late arrivals for current 511 advisory users by nearly 30%.
Management of patients treated with chemoradiotherapy for head and neck cancer without prophylactic feeding tubes: The University of Pittsburgh experience

Objectives/Hypothesis: Mucositis and dysphagia are common complications of chemoradiotherapy (CRT) for head and neck cancer that may necessitate nutritional support with a gastrostomy tube (G-tube). Methods: We reviewed records of patients who underwent and completed CRT, which included at least one traditional chemotherapeutic, for previously untreated head and neck cancer. G-tubes were placed as needed. The timing and duration of G-tube placement and treatment-related complications and risk factors for long-term G-tube use were analyzed. Results: A total of 91 consecutive patients who received CRT, 68 as primary and 23 as postoperative treatment, were studied. Radiation doses ranged from 59.4 to 74 Gy (median, 70 Gy). Seventy-nine percent of patients received platinum-based therapy during CRT. Severe mucositis occurred in 40% of patients. Forty percent of patients required G-tube placement (15 prior to CRT and 21 during CRT). Median duration of G-tube use was 5.8 months. Two patients who had a G-tube placed during CRT developed a G-tube-related complication. At 6 and 12 months, 15 (18%) and four (6%) patients who were disease free were using G-tubes, respectively. Patients with G-tubes placed prior to CRT or advanced T stage had longer G-tube dependence. Conclusions: With aggressive supportive care it is feasible to avoid G-tubes in the majority of patients undergoing CRT for head and neck cancer. G-tube placement prior to CRT due to pre-existing dysphagia and advanced T stage are associated with prolonged G-tube dependence. Laryngoscope, 2010
Shared extensible learning spaces

This paper presents a rationale for including the construction of interactive simulations in an Information Technology (IT) curriculum, describes ongoing work in the Shared Extensible Learning Spaces (SHELS) project, and describes how we integrate that work into our curriculum. As computing technologies advance, the complexity of the data generated increases, as does the need for tools to help make sense of the data. There are many domains - science, education, and business, to name a few - that have the need for tools to visualize and analyze complex and dynamic information sets, with information presented in a manner that allows patterns and insight to emerge. We believe that the development of tools for interactive simulation and visualization is an appropriate area of focus in Information Technology, and are currently developing such tools in our Computer Mediated Experience (CME) curriculum.Shared Extensible Learning Spaces-the SHELS project-is an evolving set of strategies for the representation of complex concepts in interactive media spaces. In current projects, faculty and students are creating 3-D spaces populated by smart actors to explore emergent behavior in self-organizing systems, and to document the cognitive experience of users in virtual worlds. We are developing software tools at three levels. At the top level are complete products: interactive simulations for learners and researchers. The bottom level is an extensible set of modules and components for the programming environment in which our tools are built. Our middle level tools allow user/authors to participate in the SHELS project at the level most appropriate to their skills and objectives. These components scaffold the experience of simulation building for content experts and learners whose purposes are best served by working at a higher level. We design our environments to facilitate active learning and encourage inquiry and scholarship at every level.
Experimental and theoretical studies of the elastic behavior of knitted-fabric composites

This paper presents experimental and theoretical studies of the elastic behavior of knitted-fabric composites. In the experimental studies, two types of weft-knit preforms based upon plain-stitch and rib-stitch fabrics were first fabricated and fabric composites were consolidated by using a hand lay-up process. Tensile and rail shear tests were performed, and Young's moduli along the warp and weft directions and shear modulus determined. In order to correlate the preform microstructure with composite elastic properties, geometric models for plain-stitch and rib-stitch fabric composites were developed. Modeling of the elastic behavior was conducted by using an averaging method. The predicted elastic constants are in reasonably good agreement with experimental values. Finally, the limitation and potential of knitted-fabric composites are discussed.
Photorefraction and complementary grating competition in bipolar transport molecular material

A comprehensive investigation of the photorefractive properties of an unusual molecular material is reported. This material is a glassy solid that is composed of a multifunctional molecule consisting of a sexithiophene covalently linked with a nonlinear optical chromophore, a methine dye. A net photorefractive gain coefficient of 70.5 ${\mathrm{cm}}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$ and a diffraction efficiency of 18.9% (130 \ensuremath{\mu}m thick) were observed. It was found that this material exhibits the competition of complementary holographic gratings that are formed by the space-charge field of two types of photocarriers. Competition of complementary holographic gratings was revealed from the cancellation and revelation of the two types of gratings and is discussed based on a bipolar two-trap photorefractive model. Two transport channels and two trapping centers for photogenerated electrons and holes, respectively, are responsible for the formation of the two complementary gratings. The mobility and the number density of traps for the two types of charged carriers are different; time-of-flight results indicate that the holes have higher mobility than the electrons. A slow, secondary (weak) grating formed by electrons is 180\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} out of phase with respect to that of the fast, principal one formed by holes. This reduces the net space-charge field, and a cancellation in the index grating was exhibited during the grating formation process. The slow grating could be revealed, and an oscillationlike behavior was shown under the irradiation of a uniform light. The oxidation and reduction potentials of the charge-carrier species explain the microscopic mechanism for the bipolar transport channels. The buildup dynamics of the gratings are discussed in detail.
Screening for obstructive sleep apnea among individuals with severe mental illness at a primary care clinic.

Abstract Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is linked to significant morbidity and mortality. OSA has received more attention recently, but the literature on OSA is scant in patients with severe mental illness (SMI). This project was undertaken to improve clinician knowledge and screening of OSA in persons with SMI. Method One hundred SMI patients attending a primary care clinic were screened for symptoms and risk factors associated with OSA. The Epworth Sleepiness Scale was used to assess daytime sleepiness, and the STOP-Bang score was used to classify those at high risk for OSA. Results Sixty-nine percent of patients were found to be at high risk for OSA. Sixteen percent had a previously confirmed diagnosis of OSA. Most patients reported that OSA was never discussed with them, and 71% of those at high risk were willing to be referred for a sleep evaluation. Conclusions Patients with SMI are at high risk for OSA, and screening for OSA appears to be inadequate. This screening can be done easily, seems acceptable to patients and may prove very beneficial as OSA diagnosis and treatment can improve mental and physical health outcomes in SMI patients.
Hardness assurance for low-dose space applications (MOS devices)

The authors present a method to conservatively estimate MOS hardness in space that shares the same technical basis as MIL-STD 883C, Test Method 1019.4, but permits greater latitude in part selection for low-dose space systems. Cobalt-60 irradiation at 50-300 rad(Si)/s followed by 25 degrees C anneal is shown to provide an effective test of oxide-charge related failures at low dose rates that is considerably less conservative than Method 1019.4. For MOS devices with gate oxides thinner than 100 nm, it is shown that an elevated temperature rebound test generally is not required for systems with total dose requirements less than 5 krad(Si). For thicker gate oxides and/or higher-dose system requirements, rebound testing per Method 1019.4 generally is required to ensure that devices do not fail in space due to interface-trap effects. >
Let's Circulate: A Report on the 1st Annual New Jersey Access Services Meeting

In 2014, access services librarians and professional staff from various institutions all over New Jersey came together at The College of New Jersey, in Ewing Township, to discuss regional trends and issues in access services. Library staff at these institutions face many of the same issues from managing student assistants, to dealing with stacks management, and handling building security. The goal of the daylong meeting was to build bonds between access services staff at the different institutions, and to learn from one another's experiences during a series of roundtable discussions, and informal conversations over coffee and lunch. It was the first meeting of its kind in New Jersey and the organizers plan to make it an annual occurrence under the name Let's Circulate. This article is a summary of the first meeting.
Efficient synthesis of 2-deoxy L-ribose from L-arabinose: mechanistic information on the 1,2-acyloxy shift in alkyl radicals.

Conversion of the inexpensive l-arabinose 1 into the ethylthio ortho ester 7 followed by generation of the dialkoxyalkyl radical III produces the desired 2-deoxy-l-ribose triester 4 in excellent overall yield. It has been shown that the similar dialkoxyalkyl radical IV is not an intermediate in the 1,2-acyloxy shift of anomeric radical I.
Mathematical modeling of light-mediated HPA axis activity and downstream implications on the entrainment of peripheral clock genes.

In this work we propose a semimechanistic model that describes the photic signal transduction to the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis that ultimately regulates the synchronization of perip...
Optical manifestation of thermal expansion of a nematic liquid crystal

A unique feature of liquid crystals (LCs) is orientational order of molecules that can be controlled by electromagnetic fields, surface modifications and pressure gradients. We describe a new effect in which the orientation of LC molecules is altered by thermal expansion. Thermal expansion (or contraction) causes the LC to flow; the flow imposes an orienting torque on the LC molecules and the optical axis. The optical and mechanical responses activated by a simple temperature changes can be used in sensing, photonics, microfluidic, optofluidic and lab-on-a-chip applications as they do not require externally imposed gradients of temperature, pressure nor electromagnetic fields.
Elastic wave propagation in corrugated plates

Analysis of Wave propagation in plates with sinusoidal boundaries has been considered in this paper. Guided elastic wave in a two-dimensional periodically corrugated plate is studied analytically. The plate material is considered as homogeneous, isotropic and linearly elastic. In a periodically corrugated wave-guide all possible spectral order of wave numbers are considered. The dispersion equation is obtained by applying the traction free boundary conditions. Solution of the dispersion equation includes both symmetric and anti-symmetric mode. Non-propagating 'stop bands' and propagating 'pass bands' are investigated.
Grid Multicast: an Energy-Efficient Multicast Algorithm for Wireless Sensor Networks

It is often necessary for a sink to transmit messages to several nodes that are sparsely distributed in a sensor network. For example, the sink needs to reprogram cluster heads in a tiered sensor network. In this paper, we investigate how to deliver packets to a group of sensors using minimal energy. We propose the grid multicast that builds an energy efficient Steiner tree based on only members' geographic positions. The grid multicast is specially tailored for sensor networks by three design principles: i) it aims to minimize energy consumption in packet multicast; ii) its stateless design does not require intermediate nodes to keep multicast states; iii) it constructs the energy efficient multicast tree without reliance on the global topology. All these characteristics make the grid multicast a suitable protocol for sensor networks with limited resources. Our performance evaluation shows that the grid multicast outperforms other multicast protocols by consuming much less energy.
Sitagliptin: a novel agent for the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Purpose. The pharmacologic, pharmacokinetic, safety, clinical efficacy, and role of sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus are reviewed. Summary. Sitagliptin is a dipeptidyl-peptidase IV (DPP4) inhibitor that increases insulin release and decreases glucagon levels by preventing the activation of incretin hormones—glucagon-like peptide-1 and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide. The clinical trials reviewed provide evidence that sitagliptin, either alone or in combination with metformin or thiazolidinediones, is effective in reducing glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting plasma glucose, and two-hour postprandial glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. Specifically, sitagliptin has a role in patients who have been compliant with their oral hypoglycemic agents but unable to attain target HbA1c values with monotherapy and lifestyle modifications. Sitagliptin is generally well tolerated, with the frequency of adverse events being similar to placebo and a low frequency of hypoglycemia. Sitagliptin does not appear to alter the pharmacokinetics of metformin, rosiglitazone, glyburide, simvastatin, warfarin, or oral contraceptives. The addition of sitagliptin to a patient’s oral antidiabetic regimen would necessitate close monitoring for adverse events and possible drug interactions. The sitagliptin dosage recommended by the manufacturer is 100 mg once daily as monotherapy or in combination with metformin or a thiazolidinedione. No formal pharmacoeconomic evaluations of sitagliptin therapy have been conducted. Conclusion. Sitagliptin, a DPP4 inhibitor, offers a novel treatment option for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.
Time-sharing control of several spectrometers by a simple computer

Abstract A system is described in which a minicomputer programs and controls several satellite controllers, each of which operates a spectrometer. An application of this system to control a pair of FT NMR spectrometers is described. This simple and inexpensive arrangement is shown to be nearly as efficient in many cases as a dedicated minicomputer for each spectrometer.
Death and dying workshop for nurses: its effect on their death anxiety level.

“Let’s talk about death”, is the title of a recent Christopher News Note (1974), and that, in fact, is what is happening. Stimulated by the work of Dr. Kubler-Ross, a psychiatrist who works with dying patients of all ages, a dearth of institutes, seminars, workshops, and public lectures have been offered on the subject of death and dying. In general, the ultimate purpose of the various presentations is to make death a meaningful experience. Workshops for hospital staff specifically have been directed to giving information relevant to the care of the terminally ill and to assisting the worker in recognizing his own feelings about death and dying. This author is concerned about what happens when the participant gets in touch with his feelings about death without time available to work them through. Does this elicit or increase death anxiety? According to Feifel (1963) physicians have “significantly stronger death fears than do most other persons.” Do nurses also have significantly strong death fears? Should nurses be encouraged, or even required, to participate in such workshops?
Downwash-velocity potential method for oscillating surfaces.

The application of the downwash-velocity potential method to the case of oscillating surfaces is developed, and calculated forces are given on rectangular airfoils of aspect ratio two rotating about midchord in subsonic flows. These are compared with other results published in the literature for reduced frequencies up to nine-tenths, and for Mach numbers up to nine-tenths. The concept of 'aerodynamic elements' is presented, the computed results representing three possible types of rectangular element.
An unified group technology implementation using the backpropagation learning rule of neural networks

Abstract Two engineering problems in implementing Group Technology are part family formation and part classification. Regardless of the approach adopted for the formation and classification, a critical problem is how to maintain consistency. The consistency problem can be addressed most effectively if the formation and classification is a single procedure rather than two separate procedures. A feedforward neural network using the Backpropagation learning rule is adopted to automatically generate part families during the part classification process. The spontaneous generalization capability of the neural network is utilized in classifying the parts into the families and creating new families if necessary. A heuristic algorithm using the neural network is described with an illustrative example.
Molecular Basis of Bacterial Adhesion in the Oral Cavity

The two varieties of fimbriae identified on oral strains of actinomyces have distinct functional properties. The type 1 fimbriae of Actinomyces viscosus T14V mediate attachment to saliva-treated hydroxyapatite. Type 2 fimbriae - on A. viscosus and the only fimbriae detected on A. naeslundii WVU45 - are associated with lectin activity. Interaction of these fimbriae with complementary receptors initiates bacterial attachment to Streptococcus sanguis 34 and sialidase-treated epithelial cells and the killing of actinomyces by polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). Galactose, N-acetylgalactosamine (GalNAc), and related oligosaccharides inhibit these processes, and mutants lacking type 2 fimbriae do not participate in them. The actinomyces lectin is similar to lectins from Ricinus communis and Bauhinia purpurea that agglutinate certain strains of oral streptococci, block attachment of actinomyces to epithelial cells, and inhibit killing of actinomyces by PMNs. The S. sanguis receptor for the actinomyces lectin comprises repeating hexasaccharide units with GalNAc termini. Used as probes, the peanut agglutinin, with specificity for Gal(D-3)GalNAc, and the lectin from B. purpurea detect a 160-kilodalton (kdal) band in SDS-PAGE-separated epithelial cell extracts and a 100-kdal band in PMN extracts. These may be receptors for type 2 fimbriae. A. viscosus genes encoding subunits of types 1 and 2 fimbriae have been cloned in Escherichia coli; the type 1 subunit is 65 kdal and the type 2 subunit is 59 kdal. Submandibular immunization of mice with a mixture of type 1 and type 2 fimbriae evokes the production of IgA and IgG antibodies in serum and saliva that inhibit in vitro adsorption of A. viscosus to SHA. These antibodies may modulate colonization of teeth by this organism.
Some Remarks on the Infinite De Sitter Space

One can define de Sitter space as a four-dimensional space with the following two properties. First, it is invariant under the operations of a transitive ten-parametric group. Four of the infinitesimal operators of this group are usually made to correspond to the components of the energy-momentum vector, the other six to the angular momentum tensor. Second, the subgroup of this ten-parametric group which leaves a given point of the space invariant must be isomorphic to the ordinary homogeneous Lorentz group. This last point ensures that the neighborhood of any point of these de Sitter spaces behaves like the flat space of special relativity (Minkowski space).
Varactor-driven temperature compensation of CMOS floating-gate current memory

Floating-gate transistors serve as an attractive media for non-volatile storage of analog parameters in neural systems. However, conventional current memories based on floating-gate transistors are sensitive to variations in temperature, therefore limiting their applications to only controlled environments. In this paper we propose a temperature compensated floating-gate array that can be programmed to store currents down to picoampere level. At the core of the proposed architecture is a control algorithm that uses a varactor to adapt the floating-gate capacitance such that the temperature dependent factors can be effectively canceled. As a result, the stored current is theoretically a function of a reference current and the differential charge stored on the floating-gates. We validate the proof-of-concept using measurement results obtained from prototype current memory cells fabricated in a 0.5µm CMOS process.
10-cm Observations of Venus near Superior Conjunction

PREVIOUS extended observations1 of Venus at 10-cm wave-length have given evidence for only a small variation in the mean disk equivalent black-body temperature TBB with Venus phase angle i. These observations were made during a period surrounding inferior conjunction, and did not extend to small phase angles. Thus the disk temperature for small i could be inferred only from an uncomfortably large extrapolation of the uncertain function TBB (i) derived from data containing significant random, and perhaps systematic, errors. These circumstances have made it desirable to observe Venus, if possible, near superior conjunction. This is difficult because Venus is then at maximum distance, leading to minimum signal-to-noise ratios, and the planet also appears close to the Sun, a powerful radiator which can contaminate the observations by introducing significant radiation into the antenna side-lobes.
Control of metastatic properties of BL6 melanoma cells by H-2Kb gene: immunological and nonimmunological mechanisms

The effect of class I H-2 antigen expression on the metastatic properties of BL6 melanoma cells was investigated. The BL6-8 clone isolated from the highly metastatic BL6 melanoma did not express H-2K b gene. Following transfection with the H-2Kb gene, BL6-8 cells displayed a low metastatic potential in the immunocompetent as well as immunosuppressed (X-irradiated) or triple-immunodeficient mice with impaired T, B and natural killer (NK) cells function. The expression of H-2Kb gene and the low metastatic ability of transfected BL6 melanoma cells were associated with appearance of cell membrane soybean agglutinin (SBA) and Griffonia simplicifolia 1B4 (GS1B4) lectin-binding carbohydrataes. These alterations in cell surface carbohydrates were found to be a result of reduction in sialylation of SBA binding sites and upregulation of the α1.3 galactosyltransferase (α1.3GT) gene. To assess the importance of H-2Kb-induced alterations in cell surface carbohydrates for metastasis formation, BL6-8 melanoma cells were transfected with H-2Kb gene without neor gene cotransfection and selected for adherence to SBA-lectin-conjugated agarose beads. The transfected clones that expressed SBA and GS1B4 lectin-binding carbohydrates were low metastatic. Further analysis of these clones showed that presence of SBA and GS1B4 lectin-binding carbohydrates rather than expression of H-2Kb molecules per se might be responsible for low metastatic potentials of H-2Kb-transfected cells in the immunocompromized mice. Studies of the possible mechanisms responsible for low metastatic ability of H-2Kb-transfected melanoma cells revealed that these cells displayed a reduced ability to adhere to murine pulmonary endothelial cells as well as to laminin and collagen IV. We hypothesized that the observed nonimmunological effects of H-2Kb gene in BL6 melanoma cells is a result of an interaction between the H-2Kb gene and B16 melanoma-specific ecotropic retrovirus. It results in inhibition of this retrovirus production with consecutive alteration in the expression of cellular genes controlling cell surface glycosylation and adhesion properties essential for the metastatic phenotype of BL6 melanoma.
Transverse instabilities in the polarizations and intensities of counterpropagating light waves.

We present a theoretical analysis of the stability characteristics of each of the four eigenpolarization configurations of two light waves counterpropagating through a nonlinear medium. Our treatment generalizes previous treatments in that we allow the possibility of the development of transverse instabilities in either the intensities or the polarizations of the waves. Indeed, we find that under many conditions the instability develops in directions other than the symmetry axis of the interaction and that the instability can affect the intensity or the polarization of the waves. We also find through numerical computations that the polarizations of the waves can become unstable in the nonlinear regime at intensities above the threshold for the transverse amplitude instability but below the threshold predicted by linear stability analysis for the corresponding polarization instability. We conclude that in many cases the inclusion of the tensor properties of the nonlinear interaction is important in describing the dynamical behavior of counterpropagating waves.
The incompatibility of benefit–cost analysis with sustainability science

Participants in sustainability science, as an emerging discipline, have not yet developed fully a coherent ontology, epistemology, ideology, or methodology. There is clearer agreement on the ideology of sustainability science, agreement that can be used to consider the compatibility of that ideology with methodologies brought to bear in interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research teams. Benefit–cost analysis, one such methodology from the neoclassical economics tradition, is often used in the context of sustainability science. As currently formulated and practiced, benefit–cost analysis is incompatible with the ideology of sustainability science and should not be used to evaluate proposed solutions to sustainability problems. Other methods from economics are more appropriate for use in sustainability science.