cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The influence of dietary copper on dense granule secretion and cytoskeletal remodeling in thrombin-stimulated rat platelets

Abstract Cytoskeletal remodeling and dense granule secretion in response to thrombin stimulation were examined in platelets isolated from male weanling rats fed diets containing 0.4, 1.2, 2.0, 2.8 and 5.2 μg Cu/g diet. After five weeks, rats consuming diets containing less than 5.2 μg Cu/g exhibited reduced liver Cu concentrations and plasma ceruloplasmin amine oxidase activity. Anemia, however, was present only in rats consuming diet containing 0.4 μg Cu/g. Cytoskeletal myosin heavy chain (MHC) content in platelets prior to and 45s following activation with 2 nM thrombin tended to increase with decreasing dietary Cu, but significant (P per se is most likely not a causative factor in the altered platelet responses associated with severe copper deficiency.
The Role of Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy and Fluoxetine in Prevention of Recurrence of Major Depressive Disorder

This study evaluated the role of cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and fluoxetine in preventing recurrence of a depressive episode during maintenance phase treatment for patients with remitted major depressive disorder (MDD). Patients (n = 52) completed open acute fluoxetine treatment and sustained remission during a 28-week randomized continuation treatment (CBT + fluoxetine vs. fluoxetine only). They were assigned to one of four maintenance treatments: CBT + fluoxetine, CBT + placebo, fluoxetine only, and placebo only. There were no statistically significant differences in MDD recurrence between maintenance treatments, but continued antidepressant treatment (with or without CBT) provided an 18–21% lower MDD recurrence rate than placebo. These findings are consistent with those of recent antidepressant studies of chronic and recurrent MDD populations. Although sample sizes were small, CBT did not significantly lower rates of MDD recurrence.
In Vivo Indicators of Pathologic Ruminal Sulfide Production in Steers with Diet-Induced Polioencephalomalacia

Two groups of 3 120-160-kg Holstein steers were fed a diet high in carbohydrate and low in long fiber and either with or without added sodium sulfate. Prior to and during the course of feeding the experimental diet, the concentrations of rumen hydrogen sulfide gas and rumen fluid sulfide were determined by a simple sulfide detector tube method and by sulfide-selec tive electrode, respectively. Other measurements included rumen fluid pH, blood creatine kinase, and blood sulfhemoglobin. Two of the 3 steers fed the high-sulfate diet developed signs and lesions of polioencephal omalacia. Clinical signs included episodic ataxia and blunted or absent menace reaction. Increased ruminal H2S gas concentrations occurred in all 3 steers consuming the diet with added sulfate. The onset of clinical signs coincided with the onset of elevated H 2S concentrations . These increases were 40-60 times the values measured in the steers consuming the diet without added sulfate. In contrast, increases in rumen fluid sulfide concentrations usually rose to 4 times that of control steers. The steers fed an identical diet but without added sulfate exhibited no signs or lesions of polioencephal omalacia and no elevations of sulfide in rumen gas or fluid. All steers had a modest decrease in rumen fluid pH associated with the transition to the concentrate diet. No significant changes were observed in any of the blood measurements of any of the steers. An additional pair of steers was fed the experimental diet with or without added sulfate to compare the ruminal H2S gas concentrations estimated by H2S detector tubes with those estimated by a different method of analysis utilizing charcoal trapping of H 2S, conversion to sulfate, and measurement of the sulfate. Both methods yielded comparable estimates of H 2S concentration. Overall, these data indicate that changes in rumen gas cap H2S concentrations are larger than changes in rumen fluid sulfide concentration and that estimation of rumen gas cap H2S concentration may be a practical approach to detecting pathologic increases in ruminal H2S gas. This simple, rapid, minimally invasive method should be useful for estimating the H 2S content of ruminal gas under field conditions.
Western Burrowing Owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) Eavesdrop on Alarm Calls of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Animals sharing a common habitat can indirectly receive information about their environment by observing information exchanges between other animals, a process known as eavesdropping. Animals that use an auditory alarm calling system are an important indirect information source for eavesdropping individuals in their environments. We investigated whether Western burrowing owls (Athene cunicularia hypugaea) nesting on black-tailed prairie dog (Cynomys ludovicianus) colonies responded to broadcasts of prairie dog alarm calls. Western burrowing owls are closely associated with black-tailed prairie dogs in Colorado and neighboring states on the Great Plains of the United States. Prairie dog burrows in active colonies can serve as nesting sites for Western burrowing owls, and prairie dogs may act as an alternative prey source for predators, potentially decreasing the burrowing owls' risk of predation through the dilution effect. Burrowing owls nesting on prairie dog colonies may also eavesdrop on prairie dog alarm calls, enhancing their survival and nesting success on prairie dog colonies. We performed broadcast experiments with three different sounds: a prairie dog alarm call, a biological control (cattle mooing), and a non-biological control (an airplane engine), and characterized burrowing owl responses as either alert or relaxed. For each sound stimulus, we recorded the time to first alert response to broadcast sounds (latency) and also how frequently the target burrowing owl exhibited an alert response within the first ten seconds of the broadcast (intensity). Burrowing owls reacted more quickly to the prairie dog alarm than to the biological control. They significantly increased the intensity of alert behaviors in response to broadcasts of the alarm, but did not show an increased reaction to either the biological or the non-biological control. Our results suggest that burrowing owls nesting on prairie dog colonies eavesdrop on, and increase their alert behaviors in response to, prairie dog alarm calls.
The Effect of Declawing Two Flock Sizes of 23-Week-Old Pullets on Hysteria and Certain Production Traits

Two trials of 336 days each were run one year apart using a commercial strain of incrossbred pullets housed at 22 weeks with flock sizes of 7 and 10 birds per cage at a density of 290 cm2 /bird. The toenails were removed from the front toes of half of each flock with a hotblade debeaker at 23 weeks of age. These trials were undertaken to learn if removing the toenails near the time of housing would prevent the onset of hysteria later. No hysteria developed in either trial among either the declawed or the intact birds. However, it was determined that declawing significantly improved livability (2.0%) in Trial 2, but not in Trial 1, and reflected a significant improvement (1.7%) in hen-housed production. The percent large eggs was significantly depressed by declawiing (2.1 and 3.7% in Trials 1 and 2, respectively) while income per square foot (929 cm2) was increased. Increasing the flock size per cage from 7 to 10 birds resulted in a depression of hen-housed production, percent large eggs, and income over feed and chick costs in both trials. Several highly significant interactions occurring between treatment and flock size changes are discussed. 1979 Poultry Science 58:778-784
Youth genetic vulnerability to maternal depressive symptoms: 5-HTTLPR as moderator of intergenerational transmission effects in a multiwave prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Maternal depressive symptoms are a strong predictor of increases in depressive symptoms in offspring, yet knowledge of individual differences that may moderate the association between youth and maternal symptoms is still relatively scant. Youth genetic susceptibility to maternal depressive symptoms in particular is a nearly unexplored area of research. METHODS: This study used a multiwave prospective design and lagged hierarchical linear modeling analyses to examine whether youth 5-HTTLPR genotype moderated the longitudinal association between mother and youth depressive symptoms in a community sample (N = 241 youth). Maternal and youth symptoms were assessed every 3 months over 1 year (five waves of data). RESULTS: Youth 5-HTTLPR interacted with idiographic elevations in maternal depressive symptoms (elevations relative to mothers' average level of symptoms) to predict prospective increases in youth symptoms 3 months later. Youth with the SS genotype experienced greatest increases in depressive symptoms when exposed to elevations in maternal symptoms. Youth 5-HTTLPR did not interact with maternal nomothetic elevations in depressive symptoms (severity of symptoms compared to the sample as a whole). CONCLUSION: These findings advance knowledge on genetic susceptibility for intergenerational transmission of depression between mothers and their children. Language: en
Project FOCUS: Using Videophones to Provide Problem-Solving Training to Family Caregivers of Persons with Spinal Cord Injuries

Family caregivers of persons with physical disabilities experience disproportionately higher levels of distress compared to family members who are not in a caregiving role. Role-related stressors often tax caregivers’ abilities to effectively confront and solve problems and increase caregivers’ risk for anxiety, depression, and compromised physical health. Problem-solving interventions effectively alleviate caregiver distress and help caregivers learn useful coping skills. In this article, we will discuss the use of telecommunication technology in Project FOCUS, an active, home-based intervention designed to teach family caregivers effective
Frequency and time domain modeling and power output for a heaving point absorber wave energy converter

This paper presents, assesses, and optimizes a point absorber wave energy converter (WEC) through numerical modeling, simulation, and analysis in both frequency and time domain. Wave energy conversion is a technology especially suited for assisting in power generation in the offshore oil and gas platforms. A linear frequency domain model is created to predict the behavior of the heaving point absorber WEC system. The hydrodynamic parameters are obtained with AQWA, a software package based on boundary element methods. A linear external damping coefficient is applied to enable power absorption, and an external spring force is introduced to tune the point absorber to the incoming wave conditions. The external damping coefficient and external spring forces are the control parameters, which need to be optimized to maximize the power absorption. Two buoy shapes are tested and a variety of diameters and drafts are compared. Optimal shape, draft, and diameter of the model are then determined to maximize its power absorption capacity. Based on the results generated from the frequency domain analysis, a time domain analysis was also conducted to derive the responses of the WEC in the hydrodynamic time response domain. The time domain analysis results allowed us to estimate the power output of this WEC system.
Distinct Eligibility Traces for LTP and LTD in Cortical Synapses

In reward-based learning, synaptic modifications depend on a brief stimulus and a temporally delayed reward, which poses the question of how synaptic activity patterns associate with a delayed reward. A theoretical solution to this so-called distal reward problem has been the notion of activity-generated "synaptic eligibility traces," silent and transient synaptic tags that can be converted into long-term changes in synaptic strength by reward-linked neuromodulators. Here we report the first experimental demonstration of eligibility traces in cortical synapses. We demonstrate the Hebbian induction of distinct traces for LTP and LTD and their subsequent timing-dependent transformation into lasting changes by specific monoaminergic receptors anchored to postsynaptic proteins. Notably, the temporal properties of these transient traces allow stable learning in a recurrent neural network that accurately predicts the timing of the reward, further validating the induction and transformation of eligibility traces for LTP and LTD as a plausible synaptic substrate for reward-based learning.
Urban Planning: Central City Revitalization

As cities age their physical properties may become obsolescent and dilapidated, leading to economic stagnation. Associated with these dynamics are socially dysfunctional patterns of behavior on the part of inhabitants. Central city revitalization is generally understood by social scientists, city planners, and architects to be a response to the stimuli arising from the forces of disinvestment and deterioration (i.e., decline), including interracial demographic shifts, metropolitan suburbanization, intraregional economic competition, and economic globalization. While there are historical and international parameters to the concepts of decline and revitalization, most of the influential research derives from twentieth-century experience in the advanced industrial nations of the world, especially the USA. There are complex economic, physical, social, behavioral, political, environmental, and design dimensions associated with central city revitalization. Both positive and negative outcomes can occur. Revitalization may take place under the aegis of public, private, or public–private initiatives. It most typically occurs within central business districts, residential neighborhoods, industrial quarters, waterfronts, or some combination of these areas. Revitalization is manifested through demolition, clearance, and redevelopment, or through rehabilitation, or restoration, or through a combination of these strategies. A rich body of theory and new analytical methodologies has evolved in modern times, leading to empirical research which describes, if it does not explain, central city revitalization.
Endovascular vs medical management of acute ischemic stroke

Objective: To compare the outcomes between endovascular and medical management of acute ischemic stroke in recent randomized controlled trials (RCT). Methods: A systematic literature review was performed, and multicenter, prospective RCTs published from January 1, 2013, to May 1, 2015, directly comparing endovascular therapy to medical management for patients with acute ischemic stroke were included. Meta-analyses of modified Rankin Scale (mRS) and mortality at 90 days and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) for endovascular therapy and medical management were performed. Results: Eight multicenter, prospective RCTs (Interventional Management of Stroke [IMS] III, Local Versus Systemic Thrombolysis for Acute Ischemic Stroke [SYNTHESIS] Expansion, Mechanical Retrieval and Recanalization of Stroke Clots Using Embolectomy [MR RESCUE], Multicenter Randomized Clinical Trial of Endovascular Treatment for Acute Ischemic Stroke in the Netherlands [MR CLEAN], Evaluation Study of Congestive Heart Failure and Pulmonary Artery Catheterization Effectiveness [ESCAPE], Extending the Time for Thrombolysis in Emergency Neurological Deficits–Intra-Arterial [EXTEND-IA], Solitaire With the Intention For Thrombectomy as Primary Endovascular Treatment [SWIFT PRIME], and Endovascular Revascularization With Solitaire Device Versus Best Medical Therapy in Anterior Circulation Stroke Within 8 Hours [REVASCAT]) comprising 2,423 patients were included. Meta-analysis of pooled data demonstrated functional independence (mRS 0–2) at 90 days in favor of endovascular therapy (odds ratio [OR] = 1.71; p = 0.005). Subgroup analysis of the 6 trials with large vessel occlusion (LVO) criteria also demonstrated functional independence at 90 days in favor of endovascular therapy (OR = 2.23; p p Conclusions: This meta-analysis provides strong evidence that endovascular intervention combined with medical management, including IV tissue plasminogen activator for eligible patients, improves the outcomes of appropriately selected patients with acute ischemic stroke in the setting of LVO.
3D Seismic Damage Simulations for an Existing Bridge Substructure Using Nonlinear Fem Calibrated with Modal NDT

Publisher Summary A seismic damage evaluation procedure is discussed in this chapter, and multilevel computational simulations are presented for an existing three-span, nine lanes, interstate highway bridge in north Mississippi, situated on the rapidly growing southern perimeter of metropolitan Memphis, Tennessee. Non-linear damage response and displacement ductility performance predictions are presented for the reinforced concrete bents and their foundations using non-linear, static, and dynamic, finite element models. Both 2D and 3D models are developed using a variety of features of the commercial software, ABAQUS. Of particular relevance are the beam-column elements, which accept the user-specified damage points on the moment versus curvature relations in each direction, estimated using section fiber models in the software, BIAX. Prior to embarking on the damage simulation, field vibration tests are conducted using a portable 4-channel accelerometer system placed in two arrays targeting a characteristic lateral and a longitudinal deformation mode, respectively. Frequency response functions and mode shape animations produced using commercial software, SigLab, and StarModal provide confirmation of the eigenvalue analyses of the 3D ABAQUS models. The application of multi-level simulations to seismic vulnerability evaluation is demonstrated in a recent computational study at the University of Mississippi, involving an aging highway bridge located on the University campus. The simulations prove invaluable in quantifying, using performance-based design concepts, benefits of proposed seismic retrofits schemes, prior to embarking on expensive procedures.
Ceramide glycanase from the earthworm, lumbricus terrestris

Ceramide glycanase (CGase) is an enzyme that cleaves the linkage between the sugar chain and the ceramide. To make this enzyme readily available, we have developed a simple method for preparing it from the earthworm, Lumbricus terrestris. The method involves Bio-Gel A-0.5m, octyl-Sepharose and p-aminophenylthiogalactoside-agarose column chromatography. By gel filtration, the molecular mass of earthworm CGase was found to be 43.7 kDa. With ganglioside GM1 as substrate, the optimal pH of this enzyme was found to be between pH 3.5 and 4.0. Earthworm CGase hydrolyses glycolipids only in the presence of a detergent. Among various bile salts tested, sodium cholate was found to be the most effective in stimulating the hydrolysis of GM1 by this enzyme. Earthworm CGase released intact glycan chains from various glycosphingolipids in which the glycan chain is linked to the ceramide through a beta-glucosyl linkage. It also detached glycan chains from lactosyldialkylglycerol and alkyl-beta-lactosides.
A Laboratory Study of Flame-Retardant Textiles Produced by an Ionizing Radiation Cure1

Methods for polymerizing triallyl phosphate on a cotton fabric were examined under conditions feasible for application in a commercial radiation textile finishing process. Although triallyl phosphate does not polymerize with irradiation at low dose levels at room temperature in air under the specific conditions described, it was found that copolymerization of triallyl phosphate with acrylic acid derivatives can be used to produce flame-resistant cotton fabric.A cotton fabric treated with triallyl phosphate and N-methylol acrylamide and exposed to 2 megarads of radiation from high-energy electrons, in air at room temperature produced a flame-resistant fabric durable to 15 accelerated cotton mobile launderings.
The vasopressin-regulated urea transporter in renal inner medullary collecting duct

The terminal part of the inner medullary collecting duct (terminal IMCD) is unique among collecting duct segments in part because its permeability to urea is regulated by vasopressin. The urea permeability can rise to extremely high levels (greater than 100 x 10(-5) cm/s) in response to vasopressin. Recent studies in isolated perfused IMCD segments have established that the rapid movement of urea across the tubule epithelium occurs via a specialized urea transporter, presumably an intrinsic membrane protein, present in both the apical and basolateral membranes. This urea transporter has properties similar to those of the urea transporters in mammalian erythrocytes and in toad urinary bladder, namely, inhibition by phloretin, inhibition by urea analogues, saturation kinetics in equilibrium-exchange experiments, and regulation by vasopressin. The urea transport pathway is distinct from and independent of the vasopressin-regulated water channel. The increase in transepithelial urea transport in response to vasopressin is mediated by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate and is associated with an increase in the urea permeability of the apical membrane. However, little is known about the physical events associated with the activation or insertion of urea transporters in the apical membrane. Because of the importance of this transporter to the urinary concentrating mechanism, efforts toward understanding its molecular structure and the molecular basis of its regulation appear to be justified.
Round pneumonia with Pseudomonas luteola and Escherichia vulneris bacteremia

A 40-year-old man with a past medical history of alcohol abuse presented with altered mental status. The patient’s wife reported that he had stopped drinking alcohol three days prior, and on the day of presentation had experienced two seizures and fever while at home. Physical examination at the time of admission revealed crackles over the left lower lung fields and a fluctuating mental status without focal neurological deficits or meningeal signs. Patient was febrile with a temperature of 101.4 F. Posteroanterior and lateral chest radiographs revealed a left sided pleural effusion with suspected pneumonia. After drawing blood cultures, he received ceftriaxone 1g IV Figure 1
Lithographic Control of Resonance Wavelengths in Micro-Resonators

We present and verify an analytical theory for the resonance wavelength shift due to resonator’s perimeter change.
Research in Marketing

Research completed and in progress is classified in this section under the list of general headings given below. Individual items are designated by the number of the general class into which they fall and, also, by a serial number within the class. Readers interested in securing copies of the publications mentioned in the following pages should address their requests to the respective publishers.-THE JOURNAL does not have copies for sale or distribution. Members of the American Marketing Association who are engaged in significant pieces of marketing research are urged to submit items to the Editor of this section.
Mass, momentum and the conformal group

The tranformation of mass and momentum under the special conformal transformations of the space-time conformal group is investigated in general and in three special cases. An antiparticlelike phenomenon is pointed out.
Costs of Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs at US Children’s Hospitals

The costs of antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) in children's hospitals have not been described previously. We assessed ASP costs using an online survey administered to ASP leaders at U.S. children's hospitals. ASP costs varied from $17,000 to $388,500 annually (median, $187,400). Overall costs were not correlated with hospital size. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:852-854.
Myocardial Infarction Secondary to Inflammatory Myofibroblastic Tumor Obstruction of the Left Main: Treated With Primary PCI

Introduction Cardiac inflammatory myofibroblastic tumor is a rare tumor that can cause potentially fatal outcomes. Case presentation We describe a case where the tumor originated on the mitral valve and extended through the left ventricular outflow tract and aortic valve and into the left main artery obstructing it. Due to the hemodynamic instability of the patient, we proceeded for cardiac catheterization with the intention to aspirate the mass but were forced to do percutaneous intervention to stabilize the patient and bridge him to surgery. Conclusions The patient underwent surgery several days later with complete resection of the tumor and coronary stent retrieval but his left ventricular ejection fraction remained poor after several months and he was referred for cardiac transplantation.
Pilot Study for Grip Force Prediction Using Neural Signals from Different Brain Regions

The design of brain machine interfaces (BMI) has been improving over the past decade. Such improvements have led to advanced capability in terms of restoring the functionality of a paralyzed/amputated limb and producing fine controlled movements of a robotic arm and hand. However, there is still more to be invested towards producing advanced BMI features such as producing appropriate forces when gripping and carrying an object using an artificial limb. This feature requires direct supervision and control from the brain to produce accurate results. Toward this goal, this work investigates the processing of neural signals from four brain regions in a nonhuman primate to predict maximum grip force. The signals received from each of the primary motor (M1) cortex, primary somatosensory (S1) cortex, dorsal premotor (PmD) cortex, and ventral premotor (PmV) cortex are used to build regression models to predict the applied maximum grip force. Comparisons of model prediction results are presented. The relative prediction accuracy from all brain regions would assist in further investigation to build robust approaches for controlling the force values. The brain regions and their interactions could eventually be summed in a weighted manner to complete the targeted approach.
Lagrangian Biological Models

The Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler (1707–83) derived the formulations for describing fluid motion by either measuring the properties of the fluid at a fixed point overtime or alternatively following the trajectory of a parcel of fluid as it is carried with the flow. The first of these is known as the Eulerian description of the flow, while the method following a material parcel or particle is known as the Lagrangian description after the French mathematician Joseph Lagrange (1736–1813). Most of the theory used to model ocean currents is posed in an Eulerian frame because of the difficulties in solving the momentum equations in the complicated matrices that arise in the Lagrangian form of the equations. However, it is often useful to use the Lagrangian frame of reference when considering the manner in which mixing occurs in turbulent flows such as those found in the oceans. It is also common to measure these flows by using drifters or floats that trace out oceanic currents.
Density-Dependent inhibition of protein synthesis in normal and virus-transformed cells

Protein synthesis of the established mouse fibroblast cell line 3T3 was compared with that of two virus-transformed 3T3 derivates. SVPY3 cells were transformed by polyoma and SV40 viruses; MS3 cells were transformed by murine sarcoma virus. Total protein in the three cell-lines corresponded to cell density during an 8-dayin vitro growth cycle. 3Hleucine incorporation was found to decrease in 3 T 3 cells at a significantly lower cell density than in virus-transformed cell lines. Even when the different growth potentials of the three cell-lines became normal, the rate of3H-leucine incorporation decreased in 3T3 cells at a significantly lower relative cell density than in virus-transformed cells.
Simulation of Stochastic Processes and Fields to Model Loading and Material Uncertainties

Several methods are currently available to solve a large number of problems in mechanics involving uncertain quantities described by stochastic processes, fields or waves. At this time, however, Monte Carlo simulation appears to be the only universal method that can provide accurate solutions for certain problems in stochastic mechanics involving nonlinearity, system stochasticity, stochastic stability, parametric excitations, large variations of uncertain parameters, etc., and that can assess the accuracy of other approximate methods such as perturbation, statistical linearization, closure techniques, stochastic averaging, etc. The major advantage of Monte Carlo simulation is that accurate solutions can be obtained for any problem whose deterministic solution (either analytical or numerical) is known. The only disadvantage of Monte Carlo simulation is that it is usually time-consuming. It is the author’s belief, however, that in the years to come, the continued evolution of digital computers will further enhance the usefulness of Monte Carlo simulation techniques in the area of engineering mechanics and structural engineering.
Breaking active-set backward-edge CFI

Hardware-Assisted Flow Integrity extension (HAFIX) was proposed as a defense against code-reuse attacks that exploit backward edges (returns). HAFIX provides finegrained protection by confining return addresses to only target call sites in functions active on the call stack. We study whether the backward-edge policy in HAFIX is sufficient to prevent code-reuse exploits on real-world programs. In this paper, we present three general attacks that exploit weaknesses in HAFIX and demonstrate these attacks are effective in case studies examining Nginx web server, Exim mail server, and PHP. We then propose improvements to HAFIX we believe will improve its effectiveness against code-reuse attacks.
Task-based dynamic functional connectivity: Recent findings and open questions

The temporal evolution of functional connectivity (FC) within the confines of individual scans is nowadays often explored with functional neuroimaging. This is particularly true for resting-state; yet, FC-dynamics have also been investigated as subjects engage on numerous tasks. It is these research efforts that constitute the core of this survey. First, empirical observations on how FC differs between task and rest-independent of temporal scale-are reviewed, as they underscore how, despite overall preservation of network topography, the brain's FC does reconfigure in systematic ways to accommodate task demands. Next, reports on the relationships between instantaneous FC and perception/performance in subsequent trials are discussed. Similarly, research where different aspects of task-concurrent FC-dynamics are explored or utilized to predict ongoing mental states are also examined. The manuscript finishes with an incomplete list of challenges that hopefully fuels future work in this vibrant area of neuroscientific research. Overall, this review concludes that task-concurrent FC-dynamics, when properly characterized, are relevant to behavior, and that their translational value holds considerable promise.
Comparison of an interviewer-administered with an automated self-administered 24 h (ASA24) dietary recall in adolescents.

Objective The current pilot study aimed to assess whether reporting quality would decline materially in adolescents completing weekly web-based Automated Self-Administered 24-Hour dietary recalls (ASA24-Kids-2014) and interviewer-administered 24 h dietary recalls for six weeks. We also aimed to assess method preference. Design We conducted two studies. Study 1 (n 20) randomized participants to complete either one ASA24-Kids-2014 or one interviewer-administered recall weekly, for six weeks. Energy intake and number of foods reported were described for each method over time. Differences between recall methods for each measure were tested using mixed-effects regression. Study 2 (n 10) employed a randomized crossover design to describe method preference. Setting Dietary intake was collected either by telephone (interviewer-administered dietary recalls) or via the Internet (ASA24-Kids-2014 dietary recalls). Subjects Adolescents aged 12-17 years with no prior diet recording experience were enrolled. Results In Study 1, mean (sd) total energy and number of foods reported decreased by 50 (222) kJ (12 (53) kcal) and 0·05 (0·31) items v. 38 (138) kJ (9 (33) kcal) and 0·17 (0·14) items per recall for participants randomized to the ASA24-Kids-2014 v. interviewer-administered recalls, respectively. There was no difference between groups for either measure (P > 0·57). In Study 2, eight of ten participants preferred the interviewer-administered recall over the ASA24-Kids-2014. Overall, seven of twenty participants experienced technical difficulties with the ASA24-Kids-2014. Conclusions No appreciable decay in reporting quality was seen for either method. However, participants reported a preference for the interviewer-administered recall. Our findings can help inform and support larger studies to further characterize the performance of the ASA24 in adolescents.
The Reading Brain in Children and Youth: A Systems Approach

Publisher Summary This chapter presents a systems approach to the reading brain in children and youth. A supervisory attentional system in the frontal lobes protects the working brain from external and internal distraction through an inhibitory mechanism that suppresses distraction. Brains are electrochemical computers whose computations create inner mental worlds and overt interactions with the external world. Complete understanding of the functional reading system will require knowledge of regionally specific localized brain activation and interconnectivity of specific regions during the computational processes that create the inner mental worlds as well as the overt reading behavior of reading brains. Visual inspection of the brains of normal and disabled readers reveals no secrets about the structural anomalies that differentiate the neural architecture of those who learn to read easily and those who struggle to learn to read. Domain-general systems that the functional reading system may draw upon include specific sensory systems, fine motor systems for the mouth and hand, attentional systems, networks of supervisory executive functions, the limbic system, and the higher-level thinking and problem solving system.
Spatial-Temporal Lineage Restrictions of Embryonic p63+ Progenitors Establish Distinct Stem Cell Pools in Adult Airways

Summary Basal cells (BCs) are p63-expressing multipotent progenitors of skin, tracheoesophageal and urinary tracts. p63 is abundant in developing airways; however, it remains largely unclear how embryonic p63 + cells contribute to the developing and postnatal respiratory tract epithelium, and ultimately how they relate to adult BCs. Using lineage-tracing and functional approaches in vivo , we show that p63 + cells arising from the lung primordium are initially multipotent progenitors of airway and alveolar lineages but later become restricted proximally to generate the tracheal adult stem cell pool. In intrapulmonary airways, these cells are maintained immature to adulthood in bronchi, establishing a rare p63 + Krt5 − progenitor cell population that responds to H1N1 virus-induced severe injury. Intriguingly, this pool includes a CC10 lineage-labeled p63 + Krt5 − cell subpopulation required for a full H1N1-response. These data elucidate key aspects in the establishment of regionally distinct adult stem cell pools in the respiratory system, potentially with relevance to other organs.
Radiographic assessment of the vesicourethral anastomosis directing early decatheterization following nerve-sparing radical retropubic prostatectomy.

AbstractEarly decatheterization directed by postoperative gravity cystography in 55 consecutive radical prostatectomy patients is described. The catheter-free status was 22 per cent by postoperative day 8, 62 per cent by postoperative day 11 and 80 per cent by postoperative day 14. Cystograms performed beginning on postoperative day 7 identified 3 groups of patients and dictated their management: 1) no extravasation resulting in immediate catheter removal (36 patients), 2) moderate extravasation requiring repeat cystography leading to decatheterization by postoperative day 15 (9 patients) and 3) severe extravasation necessitating prolonged catheter drainage (8 patients). A decatheterization protocol is presented.
Deep learning for waveform estimation in passive synthetic aperture radar imaging

We propose Deep Learning (DL) as a framework for performing simultaneous waveform estimation and image reconstruction in passive synthetic aperture radar (SAR). We interpret image reconstruction as a machine learning task for which a deep recurrent neural network (RNN) can be constructed by unfolding the iterations of a proximal gradient descent algorithm. We formulate the problem by representing the unknown waveform in a basis, and extend the recurrent auto-encoder architecture we proposed in1–3 by modifying the parameterization of the RNN to perform estimation of waveform coefficients, instead of unknown phase components in the forward model. Under a convex prior on the scene reflectivity, the constructed network serves as a convex optimizer in forward propagation, and a non-convex optimizer for the unknown waveform coefficients in backpropagation. With the auto-encoder architecture, the unknowns of the problem are estimated by operations only in the data domain, performed in an unsupervised manner. The highly non-convex problem of backpropagation is guided to a feasible solution over the parameter space by initializing the network with the known components of the SAR forward model. Moreover, prior information regarding the waveform can be incorporated during initialization. We validate the performance of our method with numerical simulations.
Phosphorano-Stabilized Carbene Complexes with Short Thorium(IV)– and Uranium(IV)–Carbon Bonds

While no alkylidene complexes of the f elements are known, the use of phosphorano-stabilized carbene complexes to produce short actinide–carbon bonds has been previously demonstrated. Complexes of the form, (C5Me5)2An(X)(CHPPh3), with short thorium(IV)– and uranium(IV)–carbon(carbene) bonds have been synthesized from the reaction of (C5Me5)2An(X)(CH3) (An = Th, U; X = Cl, Br, or I) with the ylide, CH2═PPh3. The resulting uranium complexes feature the shortest uranium(IV)–carbon bonds reported to date. The molecular and electronic structure of the thorium phosphorano-stabilized carbene complexes is detailed using X-ray crystallography, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and density functional theory calculations, and compared to thorium methandiide complexes.
Antioxidants and Cancer Prevention

The role of dietary factors in modulating cancer continues to be vigorously investigated. In particular there has been increased interest in various potential anticancer agents, including biological antioxidants such as carotenoids, retinoids, ascorbic acid, and α-tocopherol.
Ontogenetic Allometry of the Skull and Dentition of the Rhesus Monkey (Macaca mulatto)

The study of cranial variation has played an important role in primate systematics. Many different research strategies have been employed to investigate functional anatomy of the mammalian skull; but to fully understand the adaptive significance of cranial structure, it is necessary to consider cranial allometry, the relationship between the size and shape of the skull and body size. Over 20 years ago, le Gros Clark (1963, pp. 156–157) noted that It is of the utmost importance to understand the implications of allometry in evolutionary development as well as in the growth of the individual.. As the result of allometric growth, the general shape and proportions of the skull (and also of other parts of the skeleton) may be very different in two quite closely related types. Such differences clearly have no great taxonomic value, since they may be related only to one major factor, i.e. body size.
Cast microstructure and fatigue behavior of a grain-refined Mg−Zn−Zr alloy

Microstructure studies were conducted on grain-refined Mg-5.1 pct Zn-0.6 pct Zr alloy plates, sand-cast and end-chilled. Grains in this alloy are spherical, nondendritic and increase in diameter with distance from the chill. Coring in these, grains is spherical. The volume fraction of interspherical nonequilibrium secondary phase decreases with distance from the chill, whereas the volume fraction of microporosity increases. Solution kinetics of the secondary phase were found to depend on the dimensionless parameterDt/a2, where:D is the diffusivity of zinc in this alloy,a the sphere radius andt the solutionizing time. The fatigue strength of this alloy at room temperature was measured in reversed bending at a stress level of 10,000 psi and was found to decrease with increasing distance from the chill, both in the as-cast and the cast-and-solutionized conditions. Solutionizing was found to increase fatigue life. Fatigue cracks were found to initiate in shear bands, most frequently at micropores, and to propagate transgranularly.
VIBRATION ASSISTED METAL TURNING

ABSTRACT A new method for the reliable breaking of a continuous chip, independently of cutting conditions, has been investigated. The method consists of setting the cutting tool on controlled vibration by means of a special vibrator. The requirements of vibration assisted metal cutting with regard to the vibrators generating the tool vibration have been formulated. A design solution of the hydraulic device making it possible to practically accomplish the kinematic chip-breaking is presented. The kinematic condition for chip-breaking, the effect of controlled tool vibration on the roughness or the machined surface, and the effect of tool vibration on the progress of wear of the cutting tool are discussed. Experimentally confirmed results of the machined surface roughness computation helped establish the optimum tool oscillation amplitude. The optimum roughness value suggests that it is possible to maintain the average roughness of the vibratory turned surface within the span of an ISO-recommended roughness grade number with respect to the roughness of a surface turned, with a stationary tool. Investigation of cutting tool wear progress indicates that, although slightly higher than in normal turning, tool wear seems to be maintained within an economically acceptable range.
Understanding Perceived Price Fairness in Online Shopping

Price fairness is an important factor that influences online shopper drop-out rate in online shopping. This research attempts to understand the factors that influence online shoppers’ perceived price fairness. Based on the equity theory, we argue that perceived promotion fairness plays an important role in influencing perceived price fairness. We further argue that perceived promotion fairness is in turn significantly influenced by the shopper’s search efforts, contingent upon whether or not the promoted price is realized. A research model was developed that incorporates the equity theory, the motivation literature, and website design features. We developed a plan to conduct experiments to test the hypotheses.
Training Optimization and Performance of Single Cell Uplink System With Massive-Antennas Base Station

We study the performance of uplink transmission in single-cell wireless systems, where all the transmitters have single antennas and the base station has a large number of antennas. We consider both maximum ratio combining and zero-forcing receivers and both small- and large-scale fading channels. We also characterize the achievable total degrees of freedom (DoF) of such a system without assuming channel state information at the receiver. The system DoF turns out to be the same as that of a single-user multiple-input multiple-output system. However, when the number of users is the same as the number of receive antennas, linear receivers are not sufficient for achieving the maximum total DoF. The amount of energy savings that are possible through the increased number of base-station antennas or increased coherence interval are quantified. Furthermore, the training period and training energy allocation under the average and peak power constraints are optimized jointly to maximize the achievable sum spectral efficiency (SE). The improvement on achievable SE provided by the training duration and energy optimization is verified through multiple numerical simulations.
The voice of communication in comprehensive internationalization

ABSTRACTAccording to the International Association of Universities, an increasing interdependence among nations as well as intensified mobility of goods, ideas, and people has had the effect of mak...
Embedded Clinical Librarianship: Bringing Medical Reference Services Bedside

This article was written by Patti Gibbons and Debra A. Werner. Patti is the Head of Collection Management at the University of Chicago Library’s Special Collections Research Center and holds a MLIS...
Centralized pain and pain catastrophizing mediate the association between lifetime abuse history and self-reported pain medication side effects.

Background Self-reported side effects of pain medication are important determinants of treatment course that can affect patient adherence, medication discontinuation and physician decisions. Yet, few studies have investigated patient-level predictors of self-reported pain medication side effects. The present study sought to fill this gap by exploring the impact of physical or sexual abuse history on self-reported pain medication side effects and considered a mediation model in which those effects are transmitted through a centralized pain phenotype and pain catastrophizing. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional analysis of 3118 patients presenting to a tertiary-care, outpatient pain clinic. Results Approximately 15% of the sample (n=479) reported a lifetime history of abuse. Patients with a lifetime history of abuse, particularly abuse that occurred in both childhood and adulthood, reported more pain medication side effects compared with patients reporting no abuse history. Furthermore, path analysis showed that a centralized pain phenotype and pain catastrophizing mediated the association between lifetime abuse history and the sum of pain medication side effects. Conclusions This suggests that individuals who experience abuse may develop a heightened physiological sensitivity to stimuli, as well as a tendency to interpret stimuli negatively, exaggerate the impact of aversive stimuli and undermine their ability to cope with the stressor. This study highlights the need for physicians to understand patient-level predictors of medication tolerance and to consider a history of abuse and trauma in decisions regarding treatment and medication management.
Annals On Call - Are VA Patients Different?

In this episode of Annals On Call, Dr. Centor discusses the care of patients who are military veterans with Dr. Edward Manning, a physician who served in the Marines and now cares for patients in b...
Viral infectionsAdenovirus infections

Adenoviruses are common causes of febrile illness in early childhood. They are most often associated with respiratory tract disease, but can also cause gastrointestinal, ophthalmological, cardiac, neurological and genitourinary manifestations. Viral culture is a sensitive method for detecting most adenoviruses. Most adenoviral diseases are self-limiting, and treatment is supportive. However, fatal invasive disease can occur in immunocompromised patients and, occasionally, in healthy children and adults. Monitoring blood samples for adenoviral DNA by quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis is useful for early detection of infection in haematopoietic stem cell recipients. Although there have been no controlled trials, a number of reports suggest that cidofovir has clinical activity against adenoviral disease. Treatment of invasive infection in haematopoietic stem cell recipients by adoptive transfer of adenovirus-specific T cells is also under investigation.
The influence of aircraft fluid ingression on tensile properties of aramid fiber composites

Aramid fiber composites that are used in aircraft can be exposed to various fluids from inside and outside the aircraft during maintenance and flight operations. This article investigates how the a...