cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Evaluation of Aerosolized Medication Dose Delivery Utilizing a Syringe Pump and Vibrating Mesh Nebulization Via Infant High-Flow Nasal Cannula

Background: The standard for administering aerosolized medication (AM) to infants and toddlers has been via jet nebulizer with face mask (FM). Continuous nebulization (CN) with a bronchodilator has been used to treat asthma symptoms. High flow nasal cannula (HNFC) is the treatment of choice for kids in respiratory distress. Globally, trans-nasal (TN) pulmonary AM delivery via HFNC has been receiving increasing clinical attention for comfort treatment, but, presents a challenge when used in conjunction with CN via FM. Several published in vitro studies demonstrated that AM deposition in infant lung models were vastly reduced when interfaced with a FM. Particularly, if applied on top of the HFNC appliance or if a pacifier is present or the baby is stressed. Furthermore, comfort levels for infant and parent may decrease and impact AM delivery. Methods: This study examined the performance of a vibrating mesh nebulizer (VMN) (Aerogen nebulizer), HFNC in conjunction with an MedFusion 4000 syringe pump (SP) to measure AM output at varied mg/h. The HFNC equipment consisted of: (MR850 humidifier chamber (HC) with an RT329 infant heated wire circuit), products by Fisher & Paykel Healthcare. Our Pharmacy Department added 0.5% (albuterol - 5 mg/mL continuous) into the SP library program. NaCL solution was substituted for albuterol, 20 mL was drawn up into a 60 cc syringe was connected to the SP. The VMN was installed on the dry side of the HC. An RT329 circuit was used during the evaluation with gas flows set at 2 to 6 L/min. The SP was programmed in mg/h. The liquid solution was dropped onto the VMN for the creation of aerosol mist. Results: Infusion rate equal aerosol output rate mL/h; 5 mg/h = 1 mL/h, 7.5 mg/h = 1.5 mL/h, 10 mg/h = 2 mL/h, 15 mg/h = 3 mL/h, and 20 mg/h = 4 mL/h. Conclusions: The SP performed up to manufactures specifications comparing set mL/h to total volume delivered in mL/h at different mg/h. The advantages of TN-AM via SP; precise drug concentration delivered in mg/h, no (NaCL) dilution required with less AM loss into the surrounding environment with more available for inhalation. The FM is not required and may improve comfort score and overall AM deposition. Liberation is achieved by modifying mg/h or frequency/h. More In vitro and in vivo investigations are needed to determine objective dose effectiveness of TN - AM delivery, or if different mg/h concentrations have an effect on clinical outcomes.
Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare access and utilization for American adults who are blind or have low vision

Purpose : The Flatten Inaccessibility survey was administered from April 3 to 13 , 2020 to investigate the experiences of adults with low vision or blindness during the COVID-19 pandemic. Using this data, we aimed to look at characteristics associated with concerns accessing and utilizing healthcare during the pandemic among participants. Methods : Survey questions related to healthcare access and utilization included: (1) getting to a pharmacy for prescriptions, (2) ability to maintain their eyecare regimen, and (3) concerns regarding caregiver access should they be hospitalized for COVID. Responses th of strongly agree or agree were classified as having a concern. Multivariable logistic regression was used to determine the association between demographic characteristics and age of onset of visual impairment (VI) with each concern. Results : 1,921 participants responded to the survey, of whom 65% were blind and 35% had low vision. Table 1 presents demographic characteristics. In regression analysis, females (OR=1.4, 95% CI=1.08-1.74) were more likely to have concerns regarding access to a pharmacy to get prescriptions than males, but no gender differences were noted for maintaining eyecare regimen or caregiver access. As compared to participants with congenital VI, participants with adult-onset VI were more likely (OR=1.8, 95% CI= 1.32-2.45) to report concerns regarding their ability to maintain their eyecare regimen, but no differences were observed for pharmacy or caregiver access. Participants with onset of VI at 2-18 years of age (OR=1.6, 95% CI= 1.16-2.14) and >18 years (OR=1.3, 95% CI= 1.00-1.69) were more likely to report concern regarding access to a caregiver if hospitalized than those who had congenital VI. Participants with additional disabilities were more likely to report concerns across all three healthcare questions (Pharmacy access: OR=1.8, 95% CI= 1.43-2.23;Eyecare regimen: OR=1.7, 95% CI= 1.32-2.23;Caregiver: OR=1.73, 95% CI= 1.39-2.14) compared to those with vision loss only. Conclusions : Our data found that among Americans with low vision or blindness, older adults, females, people with adult onset VI, and multiple disabilities were more likely to report concerns with healthcare access and utilization during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study provides information that may aid policymakers as they shape the pandemic response for people with vision loss.
Auditor Mindsets in Fraud-Detection Planning

The PCAOB maintains that auditors planning fraud detection tend to choose procedures that readily demonstrate audit work rather than those more effective at detecting fraud. One possible reason for this disparity between auditors’ obligation and their performance may be the way they conceive the fraud-detection planning task. Currently, auditors view the task as selecting procedures aware that their choices will subsequently be reviewed, which leads them to call to mind “implementation intentions” from previous fraud-detection planning. We consider an alternative view of the task where subordinate auditors work under agreements that offer potential compensation for forming effective fraud-detection plans, leading them to construe the task as an unresolved problem. This alternative representation of the task can lead auditors to adopt a deliberative mindset where they engage in an open-minded examination of evidence and set engagement-specific detection goals. In an experiment, auditors were assigned to complete a fraud-detection planning task under performance-contingent agreements, the typical review process, or complete anonymity. We find that auditors operating under performance-contingent agreements reported that the task required deeper thought about fraud risks and development of an overall strategy. Under performance-contingent agreements, auditors spent more time planning, were more likely to correctly identify the probable source of fraud and selected programs that were more effective. Auditors focused on accountability described the task as providing the reviewer with detailed explanations and demonstrating that a lot of steps were taken. They budgeted significantly more hours to less effective procedures and fewer hours to effective, new procedures.
Mixtapes from Heaven: The Global Duke Ellington Fandom and the Music they Preserved

The Rhodes S. Baker, Jr. Collection of rare and unissued sound recordings at the University of North Texas Music Library demonstrates that, in archival settings, the incidental content that is often deleted from commercial releases is actually “a feature, not a bug,” so to speak. This article elaborates on two reasons for the desirability and necessity of such content: First, it often provides the context necessary to make sense of a given recording, determining a date and release status, especially for recordings that are not well labeled. It also provides lasting evidence of the human activity underlying every aspect of the performance, capture, distribution, and preservation of a recording. The Rhodes S. Baker, Jr. Collection’s unissued recordings of Duke Ellington and other major jazz artists, packed onto reel-to-reel tapes like the “mixtapes” of decades later, have obvious intrinsic value. Still, preserving and acknowledging the human activity that compiled them adds value: doing so provides a window into the depth and intensity of the “fandom” (or community of fans) that thrived for Ellington even in his sixties, along with the multifaceted efforts to preserve his live performances. Ellington and his music created an international fan community, and their story augments his own. This article describes historically significant content from the Rhodes S. Baker, Jr. Collection, digitized in early 2016, in the context of the social participation of Baker and other fans and collectors, including the prominent Swedish collector and discographer Benny Aasland. The preservation and description of the collection demonstrates a complementary relationship between archival practice and musicologist Christopher Small’s concept of musicking. Insights from Pauline Oliveros and John Cage further inform an approach to musicking inclusive of incidental sounds and other artifacts of recorded live performance which might otherwise be dismissed as “noise,” but are essential to the full context of the captured performance.
The Perfect Storm: How Mortgage-Backed Securities, Federal Deregulation, and Corporate Greed Provide a Wake-Up Call for Reforming Executive Compensation

Over the past nine months, Congress and two presidential administrations have taken unprecedented actions to save American capitalism from a financial industry meltdown and a recession boarding on another Great Depression. In October of 2008, President Bush signed into law the Emergency Economic Stabilization Act (“EESA”), which provides $700 billion to bailout a financial industry facing multi-trillion dollar toxic mortgage-backed securities losses. In February 2009, President Obama signed into law the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (“ARRA”). It provides $819 billion in government spending and tax incentives to generally stimulate the economy. In June 2009, the Obama Administration released its financial industry regulatory and legislative reform initiatives that provide permanent, comprehensive financial industry reform. What all of the aforementioned actions have in common is they all contain financial industry executive compensation restrictions and related corporate governance standards that tacitly place blame for the financial crisis on excessive executive compensation. This Article provides an overview of what led to the financial crisis, identifying excessive executive compensation as a factor, but unveiling federal deregulation of the financial industry and increasingly riskier federal homeownership policies as the real culprits. It also examines EESA and ARRA programs, and the Obama Administration’s permanent regulatory and legislative reform initiatives, as they relate to executive compensation and heightened corporate governance restrictions. The Article applauds Obama Administration initiatives to re-regulate the financial industry, but criticizes proposed “federalization” of executive compensation/corporate governance standards. It recommends a few alternative reforms, including recommendations that most executive compensation/corporate governance reforms should be initiated by Self-Regulatory Organizations (“SROs”), such as the New York Stock Exchange, Inc. (“NYSE”) and National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations, Inc. (“NASDAQ”). Finally, it recommends that federal statutory, regulatory, and SRO corporate governance changes in this area should generally apply to all publicly-traded corporations.
ANIMAL MODEL FOR TOXIC SHOCK SYNDROME (TSS)

TSS Antigen (TSS Ag), the protein marker identifying TSS associated staphylococci, can be detected in blood, urine and tissues of patients with TSS but has not been proven to be the toxin responsible for shock and multisystem dysfunction. To assess pathogenicity we developed an animal model. Rabbits given I.V. bolus of 60 μg/kg of purified TSS Ag were unaffected but 100 μg/kg bolus dose → rapid ↑ in BUN, creatinine and SGOT, lymphopenia, profound hypotension by 12 hours and death by 24 hours. Baboons given 100 μg/kg by I.V. bolus showed no hypotension or chemical change but doses of 150-400 μg/kg given by infusion over 1-16 hours → azotemia, lymphopenia, moderate to profound hypotension in all and spontaneous mortality in 2/3. The profile of TSS Ag in serum and urine was followed by radioimmunoassay. In baboons TSS Ag was detected in serum immediately after 100 μg/kg bolus injection (ineffective dose) with peak concentration of >1300 ng/ml but was cleared rapidly. Infusion of 400 μg/kg over 4 hours → shock and death with peak concentration 110 ng/ml and persistence for 32 hours. Plasma levels of TSS Ag in rabbits and baboons with hypotension, azotemia, liver damage and lymphopenia are similar to those in experimental infection with TSS staphylococci (> 80 ng/ml sustained over several hours.) Autopsy resembled fatal human TSS. This animal model reproduces the major pathological features of TSS, suggesting that TSS Ag is the mediator of renal and hepatic dysfunction, shock and death either by direct action or through endogenous host response.
Theology and Ecology

Straight with the Medicine: Narratives of Followers of the Tip! Way. as told to Warren L. d'Azevedo. 1985. Berkeley, CA: Heyday Books, ix & 54 pp. $5.95 (paper) Between Sacred Mountains: Navajo Stories and Lessons from the Land (Volume 11 in the "Sun Tracks" American Indian Literary Series). 1984. Tuscon, AZ: University of Arizona Press, xi & 288 pp. $19.95 (paper); $35.00 (cloth, library binding).
Student evaluation of learning activities.

Abstract A question which has plagued medical educators for quite some time has been concerned with the use of student ratings of instruction. Are such ratings valid? Do high-performing students rate differently than low-performing students? How can such data be used to improve instructional programs for students? Does the use of such data dishearten the faculty from teaching, or does it bring the faculty information which stimulates them to strive for excellence in teaching programs? An approach with the use of correlation techniques over an 18 month period was tested. Student evaluation of learning activities correlated with three measures of student performance were computed, analyzed, and used as criteria for updating teaching programs. Changes are reported and conclusions are reached about the technique.
BETA-HEMOLYTIC STREPTOCOCCAL SEPTICEMIAS IN CHILDHOOD LEUKEMIA

During a 12-year period from 1955 to 1967, 13 episodes of beta-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia have occurred in 12 children with leukemia; 4 of these episodes occurred within 6 months prior to this report. Based on a review of septicemia in childhood leukemia from 1953 to 1963 at this same hospital, the frequency of septicemia caused by beta-hemolytic streptococci was 6.3%. An estimated frequency during the period covered by this report is between 5 and 10%, a percentage that is much higher than has been reported elsewhere. Beta-hemolytic streptococcal septicemia occurred during all stages of the leukemic process, but only in four instances could the septicemia have been related to the child9s death. Eleven children had acute lymphatic leukemia, and one had acute promyelocytic leukemia. Although the clinical and laboratory findings associated with septicemia were similar in most instances (spiking fever, anorexia, lethargy, severe leukopenia, anemia, and so forth), the source of the infection which led to the septicemia was obvious only in one child who had cellulitis and thrombophlebitis. Despite the lack of clinical findings commonly associated with beta-hemolytic streptococcal infections, 8 of 12 patients who had routine throat cultures taken at the onset of septicemia had positive cultures for beta-hemolytic streptococci. Further identification of the organisms suggested that the same organism found in the blood was also present in the throat of these individuals. Grouping and typing of the beta-hemolytic streptococci isolated from these children revealed that nine of the septicemias were caused by a proven or presumptive group A streptococcus, whereas only four were caused by non-group A streptococci. The latter organisms may produce disease in man but their role in human disease is more often like that of other opportunistic pathogens. The greater number of group A streptococcal septicemias in these children may simply reflect the fact that this organism commonly produces upper respiratory disease in childhood. Nine of these leukemic children recovered from the septicemia. This finding plus the frequency with which beta-hemolytic streptococcal septicemias are reported in these patients should increase the awareness of physicians to this relatively easily diagnosed and treated infectious complication of childhood leukemia.
Impact of Healthcare Information Technology on Nursing Practice

Purpose To report additional mediation findings from a descriptive cross sectional study to examine if nurses’ perceptions of the impact of healthcare information technology on their practice mediates the relationship between electronic nursing care reminder use and missed nursing care. Design The study used a descriptive design. The sample (N = 165) was composed of registered nurses working on acute care hospital units. The sample was obtained from a large teaching hospital in Southeast Michigan in the fall of 2012. All eligible nursing units (n = 19) were included. Methods The MISSCARE Survey, Nursing Care Reminders Usage Survey, and the Impact of Healthcare Information Technology Scale were used to collect data to test for mediation. Mediation was tested using the method described by Baron and Kenny. Multiple regression equations were used to analyze the data to determine if mediation occurred between the variables. Findings Missed nursing care, the outcome variable, was regressed on the predictor variable, reminder usage, and the mediator variable impact of technology on nursing practice. The impact of healthcare information technology (IHIT) on nursing practice negatively affected missed nursing care (t = -4.12, p < .001), explaining 9.8% of variance in missed nursing care. With IHIT present, the predictor (reminder usage) was no longer significant (t = -.70, p = .48). Thus, the reduced direct association between reminder usage and missed nursing care when IHIT was in the model supported the hypothesis that IHIT was at least one of the mediators in the relationship between reminder usage and missed nursing care. Conclusions The perceptions of the impact of healthcare information technology mediates the relationship between nursing care reminder use and missed nursing care. The findings are beneficial to the advancement of healthcare technology in that designers of healthcare information technology systems need to keep in mind that perceptions regarding impacts of the technology will influence usage. Clinical Relevance Many times, information technology systems are not designed to match the workflow of nurses. Systems built with redundant or impertinent reminders may be ignored. System designers must study which reminders nurses find most useful and which reminders result in the best quality outcomes.
Packaging education for the 21st century

Packaging and signal integrity has become a critical area in the design of high-speed communications systems and fast computers. Many research areas have emerged from industry and universities to address issues related to packaging. However, the educational infrastructure is seriously lagging. At the University of Illinois, (UIUC), an Internet-based virtual classroom is being explored for packaging education. The effort makes used of the existing infrastructure to implement a modern platform for asynchronous learning.
Neurobiology of song learning

Birdsong is a culturally transmitted behavior that depends on a juvenile songbird's ability to imitate the song of an adult tutor. Neurobiological studies of birdsong can reveal how a complex form of imitative learning, which bears strong parallels to human speech learning, can be understood at the level of underlying circuit, cellular, and synaptic mechanisms. This review focuses on recent studies that illuminate the neurobiological mechanisms for singing and song learning.
Abuse potential and psychoactive effects of δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol and cannabidiol oromucosal spray (Sativex), a new cannabinoid medicine

Introduction: There is a growing consensus that cannabis dependence is a substantial and underappreciated problem. The key component responsible for the euphoric effects of cannabis and its dependence potential is δ-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). THC-containing cannabinoid medicines theoretically pose a risk of abuse and dependence. Areas covered: In order to evaluate the potential of Sativex to cause cannabis-like psychoactivity, abuse or dependence relevant data from all published papers have been reviewed along with the integrated safety analysis for Sativex use in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients on file at GW Pharmaceuticals. Expert opinion: In clinical trials, intoxication scores have been low and euphoria reported by only 2.2% of patients. Tolerance has not occurred, abrupt withdrawal has not resulted in a formal withdrawal syndrome, and no cases of abuse or diversion have been reported to date. A formal abuse liability study of Sativex in experienced cannabis smokers showed some abuse potential in ...
Sugaring‐Out Separation of Acetonitrile from Its Aqueous Solution

The separation of acetonitrile (ACN) from an ACN-water azeotrope is of particular interest to industrial chemists and process engineers. In the work reported in this article, sugaring-out, a new phase separation method is reported and used to obtain high purity ACN from an ACN-water mixture. With the addition of a mono-sugar (glucose, xylose, arabinose or fructose) or a disaccharide (sucrose or maltose) into an ACN-water mixture, a phase separation is observed if the sugar concentration exceeds a threshold. The upper phase is rich in ACN while the lower phase is rich in water. The ACN concentration in the upper phase increases when more sugar is added into the ACN-water mixture. When the glucose concentration is > 35 g/L, the ACN concentration in the upper phase is > 40 %. In the Sudan I extraction test with a glucose-triggered two-phase system, an extraction rate of > 80 % is achieved when the glucose concentration is greater than 25 g/L.
Data mining of high density genomic variant data for prediction of Alzheimer's disease risk

The discovery of genetic associations is an important factor in the understanding of human illness to derive disease pathways. Identifying multiple interacting genetic mutations associated with disease remains challenging in studying the etiology of complex diseases. And although recently new single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at genes implicated in immune response, cholesterol/lipid metabolism, and cell membrane processes have been confirmed by genome-wide association studies (GWAS) to be associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease (LOAD), a percentage of AD heritability continues to be unexplained. We try to find other genetic variants that may influence LOAD risk utilizing data mining methods. Two different approaches were devised to select SNPs associated with LOAD in a publicly available GWAS data set consisting of three cohorts. In both approaches, single-locus analysis (logistic regression) was conducted to filter the data with a less conservative p-value than the Bonferroni threshold; this resulted in a subset of SNPs used next in multi-locus analysis (random forest (RF)). In the second approach, we took into account prior biological knowledge, and performed sample stratification and linkage disequilibrium (LD) in addition to logistic regression analysis to preselect loci to input into the RF classifier construction step. The first approach gave 199 SNPs mostly associated with genes in calcium signaling, cell adhesion, endocytosis, immune response, and synaptic function. These SNPs together with APOE and GAB2 SNPs formed a predictive subset for LOAD status with an average error of 9.8% using 10-fold cross validation (CV) in RF modeling. Nineteen variants in LD with ST5, TRPC1, ATG10, ANO3, NDUFA12, and NISCH respectively, genes linked directly or indirectly with neurobiology, were identified with the second approach. These variants were part of a model that included APOE and GAB2 SNPs to predict LOAD risk which produced a 10-fold CV average error of 17.5% in the classification modeling. With the two proposed approaches, we identified a large subset of SNPs in genes mostly clustered around specific pathways/functions and a smaller set of SNPs, within or in proximity to five genes not previously reported, that may be relevant for the prediction/understanding of AD.
Stimulus generalization can be demonstrated in stimulation-bound feeders

Abstract Stimulus generalization has been suggested to be an indicator of hunger in some studies. Stimulation-bound feeders have been reported not to show generalization. Separate reports have indicated that some or all tail pinch-induced feeders do generalize. In this study, stimulation-bound and food-deprived feeders generalized along the stimulus dimension of food objects, consuming a nonpreferred although familiar food when the preferred food substance was removed, rather than engaging in a different behavior. Interestingly, competition tests indicated that food preference did not change following this experience. In contrast to other studies, an extensive Screening-Familiarization procedure was used and animals had to meet stringent Eating and Preference Criteria. Also, a large number of test sessions led to stable behavioral responses. It is suggested that stimulus generalization may not be an appropriate test of hunger.
The SH Integral Membrane Protein of the Paramyxovirus Simian Virus 5 Is Required To Block Apoptosis in MDBK Cells

In some cell types the paramyxovirus simian virus 5 (SV5) causes little cytopathic effect (CPE) and infection continues productively for long periods of time; e.g., SV5 can be produced from MDBK cells for up to 40 days with little CPE. SV5 differs from most paramyxoviruses in that it encodes a small (44-amino-acid) hydrophobic integral membrane protein (SH). When MDBK cells were infected with a recombinant SV5 containing a deletion of the SH gene (rSV5DeltaSH), the MDBK cells exhibited an increase in CPE compared to cells infected with wild-type SV5 (recovered from cDNA; rSV5). The increased CPE correlated with an increase in apoptosis in rSV5DeltaSH-infected cells over mock-infected and rSV5-infected cells when assayed for annexin V binding, DNA content (propidium iodide staining), and DNA fragmentation (terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling assay). In rSV5DeltaSH-infected MDBK cells an increase in caspase-2 and caspase-3 activities was observed. By using peptide inhibitors of individual caspases it was found that caspase-2 and caspase-3 were activated separately in rSV5DeltaSH-infected cells. Expression of caspase-2 and -3 in rSV5DeltaSH-infected MDBK cells appeared not to require STAT1 protein, as STAT1 protein could not be detected in SV5-infected MDBK cells. When mutant mice homologous for a targeted disruption of STAT1 were used as a model animal system and infected with the viruses it was found that rSV5DeltaSH caused less mortality than wild-type rSV5, consistent with the notion of clearance of apoptotic cells in a host species.
“Bumping Into Spicy, Tasty Words That Catch Your Tongue”: A Formative Experiment on Vocabulary Instruction

A yearlong formative experiment explored the impact of a comprehensive vocabulary instruction program in a diverse, fifth-grade classroom. The classroom teacher and two university collaborators provided rich language experiences taught individual words taught word-learning strategies promoted word conscientiousness Results revealed that students' vocabulary grew across the academic year and that they identified and used more challenging words, developed an interest in and positive attitude toward vocabulary, and applied vocabulary strategies independently. Instructional procedures are provided for each component.
Vulnerability of continuous-time network synchronization processes: A minimum energy perspective

We characterize the vulnerability of a linear network synchronization process to intrusion by an adversary that can actuate a single network component. Specifically, we model the intruder as seeking to move the state of the synchronization process to an undesirable value or set (which may or may not be known to system operators) via a local actuation. We evaluate the network vulnerability in terms of the whether or not the intruder can achieve its goal, and also the minimum actuation energy (or expected minimum energy, if the goal is unknown) required of the adversary to achieve the goal. We formalize that the required energy is related to the inverse of the controllability Gramian for the process, and statistics defined thereof (e.g., its trace and determinant). We then obtain explicit formulas for the Gramian inverse and its associated statistics. These explicit formulae yield interesting structural and graph-theoretic characterizations of the energy-based vulnerability measures.
The Cytological Effects of the Antibiotic Acti-dione

1. The cytological effects of the anti-f ungal antibiotic, Acti-dione, are presented and discussed.2. Comparative studies of fifteen minute exposures and continuous exposure to concentrations ranging from 1 to 80ppm have been made.3. An attempt has been made to assay quantitatively the effects of Acti-dione on frequency of mitosis, relative frequencies of different stages of mitosis and rate of increase of aberrations.4. In general the effects of Acti-dione are similar to those of salts of nucleic acid and superficially similar to those of colchicine.5. Some treatments show a significant increase in the frequency of various types of “reductional” and “segregational” figures.
Availability of dietary magnesium to rainbow trout as determined by apparent retention

Abstract The relative availability of magnesium (Mg) added to semi-purified trout diets was estimated by determining apparent retention. Slightly deficient test diets contained Mg from five inorganic salts or from fish bonemeal. Reference diets containing low and sufficient Mg were also fed. Apparent Mg retentions derived from whole body Mg concentrations indicated that the Mg from the various inorganic salts was of equal availability (apparent retention 76%). The availability of Mg from fish bonemeal was significantly less (apparent retention 54%). The availability of the Mg sources remained constant over the 6-week experiment, indicating that the fish were unable to increase their intake efficiency from the water or the diet. Mortalities due to Mg deficiency occurred after 4 days in fish fed the low Mg diet. We concluded that apparent retention as determined by whole body analysis of fish fed slightly deficient diets is a sensitive and relatively simple way of determining relative availability.
Progression of Ochratoxicosis in Broiler Chickens

The progression of effects induced by administration of ochratoxin A were characterized in young male broiler chickens (Hubbard x Hubbard). The experimental design consisted of four dietary treatments of ochratoxin A (0, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 micrograms ochratoxin A/g feed) and 11 replicates of 10 broilers/replicate. Broilers were housed in electrically heated batteries with feed and water available ad libitum. Broilers were weighed, bled, killed by cervical dislocation, and necropsied at 3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, and 21 days of age. Toxicity of ochratoxin A to broilers was evident as early as 6 days of age, when significant (P less than .05) growth depression occurred at 4.0 micrograms dietary ochratoxin A/g feed. Dietary ochratoxin A significantly increased the relative weights of the liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, and gizzard. Anemia, characterized by a significant decrease in packed-cell volume and hemoglobin levels, was present during ochratoxicosis. Hepatotoxicity of dietary ochratoxin A was evident through an observed significant reduction in serum levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, cholesterol, triglyceride, and blood urea nitrogen, and a significant increase in the serum activities of gamma glutamyl transferase and cholinesterase. A significant increase in serum uric acid and creatinine levels was indicative of nephrotoxicity. These data provide a description of the progression of ochratoxicosis in broilers that should be useful in diagnosis and in improved understanding of ochratoxicosis.
The thermodynamics of purely elastic scattering theories and conformal perturbation theory

Abstract We discuss the thermodynamic Bethe ansatz, and explain how it allows one to reduce the infinite-volume thermodynamics of a (1 + 1)-dimensional purely elastic scattering theory to the solution of a set of integral equations for the one-particle excitation energies. The free energy at zero chemical potential(s) and temperature T is related to the ground state energy E 0 ( R ) of the theory on a cylinder of circumference R = 1 T . E 0 ( R ) determines properties of the CFT describing the UV limit of the given massive theory. These include the central charge (which we investigated in earlier work), the scaling dimension d of the conformal field whose perturbation leads to the massive theory, the coefficients in the conformal perturbation theory (CPT) expansion of E 0 ( R ) in powers of R 2− d , and the bulk term in the CPT calculation of the ground-state energy. We determine the bulk term analytically, and obtain numerically the first six coefficients in the expansion of E 0 ( R ) for many purely elastic scattering theories, including the scaling limit of the T = T c Ising model in a magnetic field. The perfect agreement with (more limited) direct CPT results provides further strong support for the identification of these theories as specific perturbed CFTs. We suggest that the singularities of E 0 ( R ), the first of which is responsible for the finite radius of convergence of CPT, are square-root branch points and related to the zeros of the partition function of the corresponding lattice model.
Formation of Dynamic Collaborative Cloud Links Based on Provider Capability Cost and Resource Health Monitoring

Typically in collaborative cloud systems, the collaborations are formed based on pre-negotiated terms and conditions. Care is taken to ensure that the resources are planned in such a way so as to satisfy the SLA requirements. However, these static collaborations pose certain challenges in the long run, which arise due to the changes in quality of resources and provider capabilities. In such a scenario, there is a need to dynamically establish appropriate collaborations so as to back-fill the resource quality and overcome shortfalls in provider capabilities. Our paper puts forth a mathematical model for cloud provider capabilities along with an approach to establish dynamic cloud provider collaborations. In our approach, once the under functioning resource is identified, we are able to find the most suitable replacement resource from within the same cloud provider or if need be, establish a new collaboration with another provider based on the required resource capabilities. This choice for new collaboration is based on the tenancy requirements, current state of resource utilization and capacity, and health of the specific resource to be replaced. Our algorithms to determine the replacement resource and form the collaboration links are illustrated along with a running example and proof-of-concept implementation.
Furthering the case for the MPQ-based measures of psychopathy

Abstract This paper provides further information about measures of the psychopathic personality traits of fearless dominance (FD) and impulsive antisociality (IA) created from the multidimensional personality questionnaire (MPQ; Tellegen, 1982 ) item pool. Study 1 evaluated the criterion-related validity of these measures for predicting variables related to antisocial behavior and for predicting variables that included affective elements. Results indicate that IA was positively associated with measures of antisocial behavior whereas FD was associated with measures that included affective content. Study 2 evaluated how FD and IA were related to facets of narcissism and relationship variables. Results indicated complicated links between psychopathic traits and narcissism and that IA was a correlate of intentions of infidelity. Taken together, these studies suggest that the MPQ-based measures are useful tools for studying psychopathy and provide further construct validity data for a two-factor model of psychopathic personality traits.
Porous silicon in drug delivery devices and materials

Porous Si exhibits a number of properties that make it an attractive material for controlled drug delivery applications: The electrochemical synthesis allows construction of tailored pore sizes and volumes that are controllable from the scale of microns to nanometers; a number of convenient chemistries exist for the modification of porous Si surfaces that can be used to control the amount, identity, and in vivo release rate of drug payloads and the resorption rate of the porous host matrix; the material can be used as a template for organic and biopolymers, to prepare composites with a designed nanostructure; and finally, the optical properties of photonic structures prepared from this material provide a self-reporting feature that can be monitored in vivo. This paper reviews the preparation, chemistry, and properties of electrochemically prepared porous Si or SiO2 hosts relevant to drug delivery applications.
Facilitator report: bloodborne pathogens exposure among health care workers.

Several psychosocial and organizational factors have been identified as important correlates of compliance with safe work practices among health care workers. In particular, compliance with "universal precautions"--a set of work practices which were designed to minimize exposure to bloodborne pathogens--has been found to be associated with several potentially modifiable factors. The development of interventional strategies designed specifically to target these factors (e.g., HIV/AIDS attitudes, safety climate) are important objectives in the overall risk management approach to occupational exposure to bloodborne pathogens.
Quantitative compositional analyses of ordered Pt3Co by atom-probe field-ion microscopy

Abstract Atom-probe field-ion microscope analyses were performed on specimens of fully ordered Pt3Co. The purpose of the investigation was to study the effects of different important experimental parameters on the composition measured by the atom-probe technique. The dependence of the alloy's composition on the following parameters was determined: (1) pulse fraction; (2) specimen temperature; (3) crystal plane; and (4) field-evaporation rate. It was demonstrated that the composition determined by atom-probe analyses of Pt3Co is very sensitive to the above four parameters. The effects of the different experiment parameters on the measured Pt and Co concentrations are discussed in terms of possible field-evaporation mechanisms. A set of optimum experimental conditions to obtain quantitative chemical information is presented.
Predicting the Presence and Search for Life Meaning: Test of an Attachment Theory-Driven Model

To date, little is known about how perceptions of life meaning are formed, although recent evidence suggests that “basic attitudes about the meaning of existence are commonly rooted in evolved biological factors and conjointly influenced through people’s experiences with life” (Steger et al. in J Posit Psychol 6:181–191, 2011a). In line with this view, we proposed that multidimensional aspects of adult attachment security and trait authenticity would independently predict perceptions regarding the presence and search for life meaning. Correlational findings largely supported hypothesized relationships among these variables. Regression findings further demonstrated that adult attachment orientations and trait authenticity uniquely predicted the presence of life meaning, and made more modest contributions to the search for meaning. In both predictions, experiences of self-alienation appeared to function as a mediator of the relationship between attachment security and meaning in life perceptions. Implications of our findings for advancing understanding of the formation of these perceptions are discussed.
Stabilization technique for injection seeding Nd:YAG lasers using microwave range mode beating

The conventional technique for matching and stabilizing the cavity length of seeded Q-switched Nd:YAG lasers is to minimize the pulse build-up time in a lock-in scheme. A disadvantage of this technique is that in order to obtain a robust feedback signal the opening speed of the Q-switch needs to be reduced, which causes timing issues, loss of power, and lengthening the generated pulse. Here an alternative method is presented which mediates these problems. A feedback signal is obtained using microwave frequency range detection of the beating between the longitudinal cavity modes. This novel technique can be implemented with only a minimal modification of the cavity optics and electronics of conventional free-running Nd:YAG lasers.
Machine-Checkable Correctness Proofs for Intra-procedural Dataflow Analyses

This paper describes our experience using the interactive theorem prover Athena for proving the correctness of abstract interpretation-based dataflow analyses. For each analysis, our methodology requires the analysis designer to formally specify the property lattice, the transfer functions, and the desired modeling relation between the concrete program states and the results computed by the analysis. The goal of the correctness proof is to prove that the desired modeling relation holds. The proof allows the analysis clients to rely on the modeling relation for their own correctness. To reduce the complexity of the proofs, we separate the proof of each dataflow analysis into two parts: a generic part, proven once, independent of any specific analysis; and several analysis-specific conditions proven in Athena.
Visual System Plasticity Begins in the Retina

Visual experience is known to induce developmental plasticity in visual cortex; now, Tian and Copenhagen report that experience regulates the development of retinal circuitry itself. Both pruning of retinal ganglion dendrites into ON or OFF sublamina and the emergence of pure ON versus OFF responses require visual experience.
Evidenced Based Practices that Promote Transition to Postsecondary Education: Listening to a Decade of Expert Voices

As increasing numbers of students with disabilities access postsecondary education, research studies and literature reviews have investigated the needs of these students who chose to pursue postsecondary education. These articles included studies that (a) asked students with disabilities to identify needs and (b) summarized needs in literature reviews about students with disabilities in postsecondary education. This article summarizes needs and recommendations from college students with disabilities and authors who reviewed related literature from 1995–2006. The summary includes needs in five areas: self-determination, social skills, academic preparation, accommodations, and assistive technology (AT). Each of these areas of need is described and recommendations for practice are discussed. The purpose of this article is to identify a set of evidence-based transition practices that will address these needs and increase the likelihood of success for students who enroll in postsecondary education institutions.
Analytical wave functions for atomic quantum-defect theory.

We present an exactly solvable effective potential that reproduces atomic spectra in the limit of exact quantum-defect theory, i.e., the limit in which, for a fixed l, the principal quantum number is modified by a constant: ${n}^{\mathrm{*}}$=n-\ensuremath{\delta}(l). Transition probabilities for alkali atoms are calculated using the analytical wave functions obtained and agree well with accepted values. This allows us to make phenomenological predictions for certain unknown transition probabilities. Our analytical wave functions might serve as useful trial wave functions for detailed calculations.
Sex roles and criminality: Science or conventional wisdom?

It is argued that past theoretical work on female crime and delinquency has employed and built upon a set of nonrational sexist assumptions which have rarely been explicitly articulated in the work itself. And yet the theory on female misconduct cannot be adequately comprehended without an awareness of this accompanying set of assumptions. Until these ideas are critically examined and subjected to empirical scrutiny, progress will not be made in understanding female criminality and the allegation that it is on the increase.
Tetrahydrofuran-induced K and Li doping onto poly(furfuryl alcohol)-derived activated carbon (PFAC): influence on microstructure and H2 sorption properties.

We have doped poly(furfuryl alcohol)-derived activated carbon (PFAC) with two alkali metals, potassium (K) and lithium (Li), by previously reacting the metals with naphthalene in the presence of tetrahydrofuran (THF), followed by introducing them to pristine PFAC. The THF molecule causes a minor alteration of the microstructure of PFAC as confirmed by Raman spectra, X-ray diffraction, and pore textural analysis. Raman spectra and X-ray diffraction indicated a slight localized ordering toward the stacking defects of disordered carbon, as in PFAC, which can be attributed to the movement of THF molecules within the internal planes of graphene sheets. Pore textural analysis confirmed the lowering of the specific surface area and pore volume of both K- and Li-doped PFACs (BET SSA, 1378 m2/g (PFAC); 1252 m2/g (K-PFAC), 1081 m2/g (Li-PFAC)). Volumetric hydrogen adsorption measurements at temperatures of 298, 288, 273, and 77 K and pressures of up to 1 bar indicated the enhanced adsorption potential imposed by th...
OBSERVER RELIABILITY AS A FUNCTION OF CIRCUMSTANCES OF ASSESSMENT1

Three factors characteristic of experimental settings were hypothesized to inflate artifactually the reliability of observational recordings: (a) knowledge by observers of when and by whom their reliability is being assessed, (b) the absence of the experimenter or a monitor to prevent cheating, and (c) computation of reliability within- (versus between-) observer group. Three groups of four observers used a standard nine-category observational code for disruptive behavior in recording from videotapes of a classroom for 22 days. Analyses revealed considerable increases in average occurrence reliability as a function of the main effects of each of the experimental factors. The specific increases in reliability associated with each of the 12 combinations of the experimental factors are presented for each category of behavior. The possible role of observer-training procedures and behavioral definitions as determiners of nonartifactual reliability is discussed.
Toxic Effects of the Herbicide Paraquat

CHEST 65: 4, APRIL, 1974 SUPPLEMENT 16TH ASPEN LUNG CONFERENCE 655 DISCUSSION Dr. Weibel: I have a comment with respect to the covering of dividing cells by type 1 cells. It would be nice to conceive of these cells hiding beneath the type 1 cell lining while they divide, but I don’t think you can really make this point. You will often find type 2 cells partially covered by flaps of type 1 cells. Assuming that about one-third of the type 2 cells are covered by type 1 cell flaps, then about 15 percent of the type 2 cell profiles occurring on random sections should appear to be completely covered; this point should be looked at carefully. Dr. Evans: The point we are making results from our interpretation of the data we have collected. These data consist of examples of cells during mitosis and labeled type 2 cells observed in the electronmicroscope at the time intervals of 1, 4, 5, 8, and 12 hours after injection of tritiated thymidine. At one hour, we observed that 13 percent of the labeled type 2 cells were covered by more