cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Articular and muscular impairments in cervicogenic headache: a case report.

Study Design Case report. Objectives To describe the use of manual therapy and muscle re-education for an individual with suspected cervicogenic headache. Background This patient was a 27-year-old woman with complaint of headache. She was functionally limited with prolonged postures and lifting. She also demonstrated impairments in cervical mobility and muscular performance. Methods and Measures This patient was treated 8 times over an 8-week period. Intervention included manual upper cervical spine mobilization techniques, muscle re-education for the deep neck flexor muscles, and scapular stabilization exercises. Results Following treatment, the patient demonstrated an increase in cervical mobility, improved muscular performance, a decrease in headaches, and complete resolution of functional limitations. Conclusion The combination of manual therapy and muscle re-education was successful in relieving headaches and improving function in this patient. J Orthop Sport Phys Ther. 2003;33:21–30.
The calculation of the energy of transition associated with inversions in double-stranded DNA using a rising temperature method☆

Abstract Inspection of the literature has shown that in carefully buffered aqueous solutions, DNA will undergo a reversible inversion between ambient and 90°C. The process of the inversions is followed by UV absorbance of the DNA strand when it is heated and can also be followed using micro-DSC. The data are recorded as temperature against extent of the process and the midpoint is often termed ‘inversion or melting’. If the extent of the process is designated by θ, and the temperature by T, then the general process of rising temperature kinetic evaluation can be applied. This is the basis for a kinetic analysis of a number of transitions. This approach is investigated in the present study.
Sacred Space, Profane Space, Human Space

IN ALMOST every period Western intellectual life has been preoccupied with the problem of time and history. In the last fifty years this preoccupation has become an obsession, especially in literature and theology. Like most obsessions it has tended to numb our perception for other realms of experience. As philosophy of religion and theology stir toward a wider consciousness, they are slowly beginning to focus on the realm of nature and space. Of course, there have long been premonitions of this turn toward nature. Some of the intellectual forces which were responsible for our fascination with time such as relativity theory or existential phenomenology have also held out new perspectives on space. Among the students of religious phenomena, however, only van der Leeuw and Eliade have given space equal prominence with time.' Although in this respect, as in so many others, we owe a tremendous debt to their work, much remains to be accomplished if we are fully to appreciate the religious valorization of space and begin to lay the foundations for an existential understanding of nature. One of the first tasks that needs to be taken up is to clarify the meaning of "sacred space." My contribution toward that end is to show how the typical polarity of sacred and profane space has been overdrawn to the point of obscuring the actual character of human spatiality in its manifold dimensions. In place of this radical polarity I will sketch in a description of "lived space" and will suggest that lived space is the possibility of both the homogenous space of objectifying thought and the luminosity of sacred places. My procedure will be (1) to briefly summarize Eliade's conception of sacred and profane space since it is the most complete and sophisticated account we now have, (2) to describe the structures of "lived space," (3) to reconsider the concept of sacred space and profane space in light of the analysis of human spatiality. My quarrel is less with the qualities which Eliade, van der Leeuw, Isaac and others usually attribute to sacred space than with the polarization of the data which results when the concept is applied. It will be argued that distortions of both present and past spatial experience are
Engineering protein allostery: 1.05 A resolution structure and enzymatic properties of a Na+-activated trypsin.

Some trypsin-like proteases are endowed with Na{sup +}-dependent allosteric enhancement of catalytic activity, but this important mechanism has been difficult to engineer in other members of the family. Replacement of 19 amino acids in Streptomyces griseus trypsin targeting the active site and the Na{sup +}-binding site were found necessary to generate efficient Na{sup +} activation. Remarkably, this property was linked to the acquisition of a new substrate selectivity profile similar to that of factor Xa, a Na{sup -} activated protease involved in blood coagulation. The X-ray crystal structure of the mutant trypsin solved to 1.05 {angstrom} resolution defines the engineered Na{sup +} site and active site loops in unprecedented detail. The results demonstrate that trypsin can be engineered into an efficient allosteric protease, and that Na+ activation is interwoven with substrate selectivity in the trypsin scaffold.
QoS-Aware Maximally Disjoint Routing in Power-Controlled Multihop CDMA Wireless Ad Hoc Networks

A joint power control and maximally disjoint routing algorithm is proposed for multihop CDMA wireless ad hoc networks. A framework of power control with QoS constraints in CDMA wireless ad hoc networks is introduced and the feasibility condition of the power control problem is identified. Both centralized solution and distributed implementations are derived to calculate the transmission power given the required throughput and the set of transmitting nodes. Then, a joint power control and maximally disjoint routing scheme is proposed for routing data traffic with minimum rate constraint while maintaining high energy efficiency and prolonged network lifetime. Furthermore, in order to provide reliable end-to-end data delivery, the proposed joint power control and maximally disjoint routing scheme is augmented by a dynamic traffic switching mechanism to mitigate the effect of node mobility or node failure. Simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.
Risk management for sustainable development

Sustainable development refers to the fulfillment of human needs through simultaneous socioeconomic and technological progress and conservation of the earth's natural systems. Sustainable world progress is dependent upon continued economic, social, cultural, and technological progress. To achieve this, careful attention must also be paid to preservation of the earth's natural resources. Sustainable development is a term generally associated with the achievement of increased technoeconomic growth coupled with preservation of environmental and natural resources. It requires the development of enlightened institutions and infrastructure and appropriate management of risks, uncertainties, and information and knowledge imperfections to assure intergenerational equity, intragenerational equity, and conservation of the ability of earth's natural systems to serve humankind. This paper discusses management strategies for sustainability and the development of appropriate lifecycles for processes that assist in the attainment of sustainable development that take into consideration risks, uncertainties, and information and knowledge imperfections.
Rac1 Modulates Sphingosine 1-Phosphate-mediated Activation of Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase/Akt Signaling Pathways in Vascular Endothelial Cells

Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) is a platelet-derived sphingolipid that activates G protein-coupled S1P receptors and initiates a broad range of responses in vascular endothelial cells. The small GTPase Rac1 is implicated in diverse S1P-modulated cellular responses in endothelial cells, yet the molecular mechanisms involved in S1P-mediated Rac1 activation are incompletely understood. We studied the pathways involved in S1P-mediated Rac1 activation in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) and found that S1P-induced Rac1 activation is impaired following chelation of G protein betagamma subunits by transfection of betaARKct. Treatment with the Src tyrosine kinase inhibitor PP2 completely attenuated S1P-mediated Rac1 activation; however, pretreatment of BAEC with wortmannin, an inhibitor of phosphoinositide (PI) 3-kinase, had no effect on Rac1 activation while completely blocking S1P-induced Akt phosphorylation. We used Rac1-specific small interfering RNA (siRNA) duplexes to "knock down" endogenous Rac1 expression and found that siRNA-mediated Rac1 knockdown significantly impaired basal as well as S1P-induced phosphorylation of protein kinase Akt, as well as several downstream targets of Akt including endothelial nitric-oxide synthase and glycogen synthase kinase 3beta. By contrast, S1P-induced phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases ERK1/2 was unperturbed by siRNA-mediated Rac1 knockdown. We found that overexpression of the Rac1 guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) Tiam1 markedly enhanced Rac1 activity, whereas a dominant negative Tiam1 mutant significantly attenuated S1P-mediated Rac1 activation. Taken together, these studies identify G protein betagamma subunits, Src kinase and the GEF Tiam1 as upstream modulators of S1P-mediated Rac1 activation, and establish a central role for Rac1 in S1P-mediated activation of PI 3-kinase/Akt/endothelial nitric-oxide synthase signaling in vascular endothelial cells.
A Meta-Analysis on Teaching Mathematics to Students with Significant Cognitive Disabilities

This article reports on a comprehensive literature review and meta-analysis of 68 experiments on teaching mathematics to individuals with significant cognitive disabilities. Most of the studies in the review addressed numbers and computation or measurement. Within the computation studies identified, most focused on counting, calculation, or number matching. For the measurement studies, nearly all focused on money skills. Of the 54 single subject design studies, 19 were classified as having all quality indicators for research design (13 representing the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics Measurement standard and 6 representing the Numbers and Operations standard). These studies offer strong evidence for using systematic instruction to teach mathematics skills and for using in vivo settings.
Tentative Identification of Carbonyl Compounds In Wood Smoke by Gas Chromatography

SUMMARY Isolation, separation, and partial identification of 21 carbonyl compounds found in wood smoke are described. Isolation was by precipitation of carbonyls by 2,4-dinitrophenyl-hydrazine. Separation was by gas cbromatography using Carbowax ZOM and diisodecylphthlate as the liquid phase. Tentative identification of the eluted components was based upon retention times of the unknowns compared with those of authentic compounds on the two columns used. Sixteen of the twenty-one components were tentatively identified: formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, propanal, acetone, acrolein, isobutyraldehyde, butanal, 2-butanone, diacetyl, isovaleraldehyde, J-methyl-Z-butanone, crotonaldehyde, pinacolone, 4-methyl-3-pentanone, α-methylvaleraldehyde, and tiglic aldehyde. Trace amounts of 3-hexanone and 2-hexanone were found. Also present were 1-3 five-carbon compounds, but no separation could by. achieved to identify them.
Lectures on duality and string dynamics

We review some aspects of duality for string compactifications with less than maximal supersymmetry. In particular, we discuss the 4d N = 2 dualities between heterotic strings on K 3 × T 2 and type II strings on K 3 fibered Calabi-Yau threefolds, the 6d N = 1 dualities between heterotic strings on K 3 and F-theory on elliptic Calabi-Yau threefolds, and the 4d N = 1 dualities between heterotic strings, type I strings, and F-theory. The focus is on how duality allows one to compute crucial nonperturbative effects in string vacua with N ≤ 2 supersymmetry.
Relationship of PTSD Symptoms With Combat Exposure, Stress, and Inflammation in American Soldiers:

Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is of great concern in veterans. PTSD usually occurs after a person is exposed to death, threatened death, actual or threatened serious injury, or actual or threatened sexual violence. Active duty soldiers deployed to war zones are at risk for PTSD. Psychoneuroimmunological theory predicts that PTSD, depression, and stress can lead to low-grade, chronic inflammation. We asked whether there were relationships between PTSD symptoms and chronic stress, depression and inflammation in active duty U.S. soldiers. We enrolled 52 active duty enlisted and reservist soldiers in a cross-sectional study while they participated in a week of military training in fall 2011. They completed a demographic questionnaire, the Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression Scale, the Combat Exposure Scale, and the PTSD symptom Checklist-Military version (PCL-M). Blood samples were taken for analysis of cytokines and C-reactive protein (CRP). Hair samples shaved from the forearm were measured for cortisol. Of the soldiers, 11 had PCL-M scores in the moderate to severe range. Regression analysis demonstrated that depression and war zone deployment were strong predictors of PTSD symptoms. CRP and hair cortisol were correlated with each other and with depression and PTSD symptoms. These results suggest relationships among war zone deployment, depression, and PTSD. Chronic stress associated with depression, PTSD, and war zone experiences may be related to inflammation in active duty soldiers.
A Brief History of Prohibition and Treatment Solutions for Substance Abusers

The predominant policy of prohibition (i.e. “War on Drugs”) emerged in the early Twentieth Century. It has been expanded on since that time to become the primary thrust of drug policy in almost every nation today. We will examine how this came about and the ways in which it has contributed to the maltreatment of substance abuse disorders.
Autophagy and Cancer Therapy

Autophagy is the process by which cellular material is delivered to lysosomes for degradation and recycling. There are three different types of autophagy, but macroautophagy, which involves the formation of double membrane vesicles that engulf proteins and organelles that fuse with lysosomes, is by far the most studied and is thought to have important context-dependent roles in cancer development, progression, and treatment. The roles of autophagy in cancer treatment are complicated by two important discoveries over the past few years. First, most (perhaps all) anticancer drugs, as well as ionizing radiation, affect autophagy. In most, but not all cases, these treatments increase autophagy in tumor cells. Second, autophagy affects the ability of tumor cells to die after drug treatment, but the effect of autophagy may be to promote or inhibit cell death, depending on context. Here we discuss recent research related to autophagy and cancer therapy with a focus on how these processes may be manipulated to improve cancer therapy.
Microservers: a new memory semantics for massively parallel computing

The semantics of memory-a large state which can only be read or changed a small piece at a time-has remained virtually untouched since von Neumann, and its effects-latency and bandwidth-have proved to be the major stumbling block for high performance computing. This paper suggests a new model, termed “microservers,” that exploits “Processing-In- Memory” VLSI technology, and that can reduce latency and memory traffic, increase inherent opportunities for concurrency, and support a variety of highly concurrent programming paradigms. Application of this model is then discussed in the framework of several on-going supercomputing programs, particularly the HTMT petaflops project.
Consider it done! Plan making can eliminate the cognitive effects of unfulfilled goals.

Unfulfilled goals persist in the mind, as asserted by ample theory and evidence (e.g., the Zeigarnik effect). The standard assumption has been that such cognitive activation persists until the goal is fulfilled. However, we predicted that contributing to goal pursuit through plan making could satisfy the various cognitive processes that usually promote goal pursuit. In several studies, we activated unfulfilled goals and demonstrated persistent goal activation over time. Unfinished goals caused intrusive thoughts during an unrelated reading task (Studies 1 and 5B), high mental accessibility of goal-related words (Studies 2 and 3), and poor performance on an unrelated anagram task (Study 4). Allowing participants to formulate specific plans for their unfulfilled goals eliminated the various activation and interference effects. Reduction of the effects was mediated by the earnestness of participants’ plans: Those who ultimately executed their plans were those who also exhibited no more intrusions (Study 4). Moreover, changes in goal-related emotions did not appear to be a necessary component of the observed cognitive effects (Studies 5A and 5B). Committing to a specific plan for a goal may therefore not only facilitate attainment of the goal but may also free cognitive resources for other pursuits. Once a plan is made, the drive to attain a goal is suspended—allowing goal-related cognitive activity to cease—and is resumed at the specified later time.
Generalized covariance‐adjusted canonical correlation analysis with application to psychiatry

The lack of control over covariates in practice motivates the need for their adjustment when measuring the degree of association between two sets of variables, for which canonical correlation is traditionally used. In most studies however, there is also a lack of control over the attributes of responses for the sets of variables of interest. In particular, a portion of the response variable may be continuous and the other discrete. For such settings, the traditional partial canonical correlation approach is restrictive, since a covariate-adjustment for a set of continuous variables is assumed. By ignoring the assumption of continuous variates and proceeding with a partial canonical correlation analysis in the presence of continuous and discrete variates, results in canonical correlation estimates that are not consistent. In this paper we generalize the traditional partial canonical correlation approach to covariate-adjustment by allowing the response variables to contain continuous, as well as discrete, variates. The methodology is illustrated with a psychiatric application for examining which sleep variables relate to which depressive symptoms, as measured by commonly used constructs that presents with both continuous and discrete outcomes.
Assessing Students' Opportunity to Learn: Teacher and Student Perspectives

How can we assess the opportunity that students have to learn the material they find on tests? How do students' perceptions of opportunity to learn differ from their teachers?
pH dependence and compartmentalization of zinc transported across plasma membrane of rat cortical neurons

In this study, Zn2+ transport in rat cortical neurons was characterized by successfully combining radioactive tracer experiments with spectrofluorometry and fluorescence microscopy. Cortical neuron...
Total joint arthroplasty and the risk of myocardial infarction: a general population, propensity score-matched cohort study.

Objective To replicate recent findings indicating that total knee arthroplasty (TKA) or total hip arthroplasty (THA) surgery will substantially reduce the risk of serious cardiovascular events among patients with osteoarthritis. Methods A time-stratified, propensity score–matched cohort study was conducted to assess the incidence of myocardial infarction (MI) in a UK general population. The study population included individuals ages ≥50 years who had a UK National Health Service READ code diagnosis of knee osteoarthritis (to evaluate TKA) or hip osteoarthritis (to evaluate THA) between January 2000 and December 2012. Results Among the patients who underwent TKA and their matched non-TKA control subjects (each n = 13,849), 306 patients and 286 control subjects developed MI during the followup. During the first postoperative month, the risk of MI was substantially increased among the TKA group compared with the non-TKA group (hazard ratio [HR] 8.75, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 3.11–24.62), and then gradually declined during the subsequent followup. The HR for the risk of MI over the entire followup was 0.98 (95% CI 0.82–1.18). The corresponding HRs for the risk of MI in those who had undergone THA compared with the non-THA group (each n = 6,063) were 4.33 (95% CI 1.24–15.21) in the first postoperative month and 0.87 (95% CI 0.66–1.15) overall. In analyses using venous thromboembolism as a positive control outcome, both the first month and overall HRs for the risk of venous thromboembolism were substantially increased in both the TKA and THA groups. Conclusion These findings provide the first general population–based evidence to indicate that TKA and THA among osteoarthritis patients are associated with a substantially increased risk of MI during the immediate postoperative period. However, the overall long-term impact of these surgeries was null, unlike the risk of venous thromboembolism, which remained elevated years after patients had undergone the procedure.
A direct magnitude scaling method to investigate categorical versus continuous modes of speech perception.

The perception of synthetic steady-state vowels, synthetic consonant-vowel syllables and pure tones was investigated using a psychophysical scaling procedure involving direct magnitude estimation. ...
Knowledge Bases, Clinical Decision Support Systems, and Rapid Learning in Oncology

One of the most important benefits of health information technology is to assist the cognitive process of the human mind in the face of vast amounts of health data, limited time for decision making, and the complexity of the patient with cancer. Clinical decision support tools are frequently cited as a technologic solution to this problem, but to date useful clinical decision support systems (CDSS) have been limited in utility and implementation. This article describes three unique sources of health data that underlie fundamentally different types of knowledge bases which feed into CDSS. CDSS themselves comprise a variety of models which are discussed. The relationship of knowledge bases and CDSS to rapid learning health systems design is critical as CDSS are essential drivers of rapid learning in clinical care.
An analytical method for failure prediction of multi-fastener composite joints

An analytical method is developed for failure prediction of composite bolted joints with multiple fasteners. The flexibility of all members in the joint is taken into account. A complex variational approach is proposed for the stress analysis of the component plates which involves multiple loaded holes and a strength of materials approach is used for the analysis of fasteners which are modeled as short elastic beams. These analyses are carried out in an iterative scheme which provides the stress distributions in the jointed plates. The failure strength and mode of the joint are predicted using the results from the joint analysis along with the well-known point stress criterion. The effectiveness of the analytical method developed is demonstrated by the comparisons made between the results of the present analysis for several joints and the data available in the literature.
MOLECULAR OXYGEN MODULATES CYTOCHROME C OXIDASE FUNCTION

This study sought to determine whether molecular oxygen interacts with cytochrome c oxidase to modify its catalytic activity. Such an interaction could explain the observation that mitochondria incubated under low O2 concentrations exhibit a reversible suppression of State 3 respiration. Oxidized bovine heart cytochrome c oxidase was incubated in oxygen concentrations of <50 microM for 4 h. The enzyme exhibited a reversible decrease in Vmax after incubation, compared with control enzyme incubated at higher oxygen concentrations. This change was accompanied by a small increase in the apparent Km of the enzyme for both cytochrome c and oxygen, although the optical absorption spectra of oxidized, cycling, or reduced enzyme were not affected. Spectroscopy studies after 4 h of incubation revealed that heme a3 was 33% reduced during cycling at [O2] = 25 microM whereas enzyme at [O2] = 135 microM was only 18% reduced, suggesting that the site of inhibition occurred at the electron transfer step between heme a3 and O2. These results provide a mechanistic explanation for the observation that intact cells or mitochondria exhibit a reversible inhibition of respiration during prolonged exposure to [O2] <25 mM, by demonstrating that the catalytic activity of cytochrome c oxidase function is similarly inhibited, possibly through an allosteric effect of molecular O2 on the enzyme.
Fluorinated bottlebrush polymers based on poly(trifluoroethyl methacrylate): synthesis and characterization

Bottlebrush polymers are densely grafted polymers with long side-chains attached to a linear polymeric backbone. Their unusual structures endow them with a number of unique and potentially useful properties in solution, in thin films, and in bulk. Despite the many studies of bottlebrushes that have been reported, the structure–property relationships for this class of materials are still poorly understood. In this contribution, we report the synthesis and characterization of fluorinated bottlebrush polymers based on poly(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate). The synthesis was achieved by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) using an α-bromoisobutyryl bromide functionalized norbornene initiator, followed by ring-opening metathesis polymerization (ROMP) using a third generation Grubbs’ catalyst (G3). Rheological characterization revealed that the bottlebrush polymer backbones remained unentangled as indicated by the lack of a rubbery plateau in the modulus. By tuning the size of the backbone of the bottlebrush polymers, near-spherical and elongated particles representing single brush molecular morphologies were observed in a good solvent as evidenced by TEM imaging, suggesting a semi-flexible nature of their backbones in dilute solutions. Thin films of bottlebrush polymers exhibited noticeably higher static water contact angles as compared to that of the macromonomer reaching the hydrophobic regime, where little differences were observed between each bottlebrush polymer. Further investigation by AFM revealed that the surface of the macromonomer film was relatively smooth; in contrast, the surface of bottlebrush polymers displayed certain degrees of nano-scale roughness (Rq = 0.8–2.4 nm). The enhanced hydrophobicity of these bottlebrushes likely results from the preferential enrichment of the fluorine containing end groups at the periphery of the molecules and the film surface due to the side chain crowding effect. Our results provide key information towards the design of architecturally tailored fluorinated polymers with desirable properties.
Anatomy of the female pelvic and aortic lymphatic systems demonstrated by lymphangiography

Abstract 1. The classical anatomical description of the iliopelvic-aortic lymphatic system has been reviewed. 2. The roentgenographic anatomy of this lymphatic system is clearly demonstrated on lymphangiography and the importance of oblique views is emphasized. 3. The lymphatic drainage of the female pelvic organs is reviewed. 4. The classical descriptions of the pelvic surgeons are briefly reviewed and several differences in terminology clarified.
Anthocyanins of Blackcurrant and Black Chokeberry Induced the Expression of Low-density Lipoprotein Receptor in Caco-2 and HepG2 Cells by Distinct Mechanisms

While low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR) in the liver has been a preventive/therapeutic target for hypercholesterolemia, recent studies placed emphasis on the importance of cholesterol excreto...
Efficient Bimolecular Mechanism of Photochemical Hydrogen Production Using Halogenated Boron-Dipyrromethene (Bodipy) Dyes and a Bis(dimethylglyoxime) Cobalt(III) Complex

A series of Boron-dipyrromethene (Bodipy) dyes were used as photosensitizers for photochemical hydrogen production in conjunction with [Co(III)(dmgH)2pyCl] (where dmgH = dimethylglyoximate, py = pyridine) as the catalyst and triethanolamine (TEOA) as the sacrificial electron donor. The Bodipy dyes are fully characterized by electrochemistry, X-ray crystallography, quantum chemistry calculations, femtosecond transient absorption, and time-resolved fluorescence, as well as in long-term hydrogen production assays. Consistent with other recent reports, only systems containing halogenated chromophores were active for hydrogen production, as the long-lived triplet state is necessary for efficient bimolecular electron transfer. Here, it is shown that the photostability of the system improves with Bodipy dyes containing a mesityl group versus a phenyl group, which is attributed to increased electron donating character of the mesityl substituent. Unlike previous reports, the optimal ratio of chromophore to catalyst is established and shown to be 20:1, at which point this bimolecular dye/catalyst system performs 3-4 times better than similar chemically linked systems. We also show that the hydrogen production drops dramatically with excess catalyst concentration. The maximum turnover number of ∼ 700 (with respect to chromophore) is obtained under the following conditions: 1.0 × 10(-4) M [Co(dmgH)2pyCl], 5.0 × 10(-6) M Bodipy dye with iodine and mesityl substituents, 1:1 v:v (10% aqueous TEOA):MeCN (adjusted to pH 7), and irradiation by light with λ > 410 nm for 30 h. This system, containing discrete chromophore and catalyst, is more active than similar linked Bodipy-Co(dmg)2 dyads recently published, which, in conjunction with our other measurements, suggests that the nominal dyads actually function bimolecularly.
COMMISSIONING TESTS FOR TRANSMISSION PROJECT OF POWER TRANSPORT FROM SICHUAN TO EASTERN AREA OF CHINA

The transmission project to transport power from Sichuan province to Eastern area of China was tested and put into operation in April 2002, so that the Central China Grid and Sichuan-Chongqing Grid are interconnected through the 500kV tie line with length of 380km from Wanxian in Sichuan-Chongqing Grid to Longquan in Central China Grid. The main conclusions from the commissioning tests are as follows: (1) The circuit breakers were never re-ignited and the measuring values were within the specified ranges in the tests of closing and opening the unloaded tie line. (2) The tests of manually single phase short circuit to ground at the Wanxian side of the tie line shows that the equipment, relays, operation and control system were in normal operation or action. (3) The impacts of connecting and disconnecting the two power grids were small. (4) The disturbance tests, including generator tripping, 500kV transmission line tripping, reactor switching, and single phase short circuit to ground, shows that the interconnected power system could keep stability under such disturbances.
Discrete steps in dioxygen activation--the cytochrome oxidase/O2 reaction.

The kinetic constraints that are imposed on cytochrome oxidase in its dual function as the terminal oxidant in the respiratory process and as a redox-linked proton pump provide a unique opportunity to investigate the molecular details of biological O2 activation. By using flow/flash techniques, it is possible to visualize individual steps in the O2-binding and reduction process, and results from a number of spectroscopic investigations on the oxidation of reduced cytochrome oxidase by O2 are now available. In this article, we use these results to synthesize a reaction mechanism for O2 activation in the enzyme and to simulate time-concentration profiles for a number of intemediates that have been observed experimentally. Kinetic manifestation of the consequences of coupling exergonic electron transfer to endergonic proton translocation emerge from this analysis. Energetic efficiency in this process apparently requires that potentially toxic intermediate oxidation states of dioxygen accumulate to substantial concentration during the reduction reaction.
Research on the Relationship between Agricultural Production and Economic Growth in Heilongjiang Province

In order to discuss the relationship between agricultural production and economic growth in Heilongjiang Province,this paper makes the unit root rest and the co-integration test according to the corresponding data from 1952 to 2006 in Heilongjiang Province.The results show that there is a long-term stable equilibrium relationship between agricultural production and economic growth.If the agricultural production increases by 1%,the economy would increase by 1.61%.The error correction model shows that the short-term fluctuation of agricultural production would cause the positive effects of the economy.If the economy deviates from the long-balanced value,it would be adjusted by 29% next year.The Granger causality test shows that there exits two-way Granger causality between agricultural production and economic growth which promotes each other.The impulse response function and variance decomposition show that agricultural production plays an important role on economic growth.
Scattering in waveguides and bounded bodies

Introduction The scattering of elastic waves by defects, such as cracks, voids and inclusions, located in bodies with boundaries is a challenging topic for analytical and numerical studies in elastodynamics. It is, however, also a topic of great practical interest in the field of quantitative non-destructive evaluation (QNDE), because scattering results can be used to detect and size defects. In the context of QNDE, elastodynamics is referred to as ultrasonics, since it is generally necessary to work with wave signals whose principal frequency components are well above the frequency range audible to the human ear. For realistic defects it is not possible to obtain solutions of scattering problems by rigorous analytical methods. The best numerical technique is generally the one that employs a Green's function to derive a boundary integral equation, as discussed in Chapter 11, which can then be solved by the boundary element method. This process yields the field variables on the surface of the scattering obstacle (the defect). An integral representation can subsequently be used to calculate the scattered field elsewhere. Of course, as an alternative, the fields on the defect can be approximated. Various approximations are available. We mention the quasistatic approximation for the displacement on the surface of a cavity, the Kirchhoff approximation for a crack and the Born approximation for scattering by an inclusion. In Section 12.2 the interaction of an incident wave motion with a defect in a waveguide is considered. The incident wave is represented by a summation of modes.
Lord Jim and moral judgment : Literature and moral philosophy

Soulignant la dimension artistique, et non pas seulement narrative, de la litterature, l'A. mesure l'importance de cette discipline pour la recherche en philosophie morale, a travers l'analyse de la conception du jugement moral qui apparait a la lecture du roman de J. Conrad intitule «Lord Jim». Defendant l'idee selon laquelle les regles morales peuvent deformer notre comprehension des capacites requises pour le jugement moral, l'A. avance l'hypothese conditionnelle suivante: si la litterature possede une qualite esthetique qui attribue une valeur de verite a son contenu, alors on peut soutenir la these epistemologique selon laquelle les criteres de verite et de faussete ont une expression verbale qui fait l'objet de la philosophie et de la litterature
Self-reactivity as the necessary cost of maintaining a diverse memory T-cell repertoire

The adaptive immune system is expected to protect the host from infectious agents and malignancies, while avoiding robust activation against self-peptides. However, T cells are notoriously inept at protection whenever the pathogen or tumor is persistent in the body for longer periods of time. While this has been thought of as an adaptation to limit the immunopathology from continued effector T-cell responses, it is also likely an extension of the T cell's intrinsic mechanisms which evolved to tolerate self-peptides. Here we deliberate on how the need to tolerate self-peptides might stem from a paradoxical requirement—the utility of such molecules in maintaining a diverse repertoire of pathogen—specific memory T cells in the body. Understanding the mechanisms underlying this intriguing nexus, therefore, has the potential to reveal therapeutic strategies not only for improving immune responses to chronic infections and tumors but also the long-term efficacy of vaccines aimed at cellular immune responses.
Carbon connections promise nanoelectronics

As the semiconductor industry inches towards integrated circuit technology based on silicon chips with features just 200 nm wide, researchers are trying to build carbon-based electronic devices that are hundreds of times smaller. These devices would be based on the remarkable electronic properties of carbon nanotubes and the junctions between dissimilar nanotubes.
Gilles de la Tourette's and the Disruption of Interneuron-Mediated Synchrony : Comments on: Hashemiyoon, R., Kuhn, J., Visser-Vandewalle, V. Brain Topography (2016). DOI 10.1007/s10548-016-0525-z.

The article by Hashemiyoon et al. is a masterful synthesis of the clinical, genetic, and neurobiological aspects of Gilles de la Tourette’s syndrome that provides unique insights into the neural state dysfunctions that underlie this enigmatic disorder. In particular, the authors make a powerful argument for the disorder arising from hyposynchronization within cortico-basal ganglia-thalamocortical systems which may result from a genetically-driven developmental insult to interneuron regulation, and suggest deep brain stimulation as a valuable tool to assess how balance may be restored to the system and reverse the pathological state.
The Effectiveness of External and Middle Ears in Coupling Acoustic Power into the Cochlea

The aim of this paper is to evaluate measures of acoustic-power transfer for comparisons of the performance of the auditory peripheries of different species. To do so we will define three power transfer measures that can be computed from available data. The measures also separate the auditory periphery into functional subunits so as to enable estimations of the roles of different auditory specializations.
Research Needs in Thermal Management of Electronic Systems

This paper presents a summation of the research needs in the thermal management of electronic systems as presented by several of the Distinguished Lecturers at the 1993 NATO Advanced Study Institute On The Cooling Of Electronic Systems that was held in Cesme, Turkiye.
A three-minute method for high-throughput quantitative metabolomics and quantitative tracing experiments of central carbon and nitrogen pathways

Rationale The implementation of mass spectrometry (MS)-based metabolomics is advancing many areas of biomedical research. The time associated with traditional chromatographic methods for resolving metabolites prior to mass analysis has limited the potential to perform large-scale, highly powered metabolomics studies and clinical applications. Methods Here we describe a three-minute method for the rapid profiling of central metabolic pathways through UHPLC/MS, tracing experiments in vitro and in vivo, and targeted quantification of compounds of interest using spiked in heavy labeled standards. Results This method has shown to be linear, reproducible, selective, sensitive, and robust for the semi-targeted analysis of central carbon and nitrogen metabolism. Isotopically labeled internal standards are used for absolute quantitation of steady-state metabolite levels and de novo synthesized metabolites in tracing studies. We further propose exploratory applications to biofluids, cell and tissue extracts derived from relevant biomedical/clinical samples. Conclusions While limited to the analysis of central carbon and nitrogen metabolism, this method enables the analysis of hundreds of samples per day derived from diverse biological matrices. This approach makes it possible to analyze samples from large patient populations for translational research, personalized medicine, and clinical metabolomics applications. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Monitoring Cocaine Use and Abstinence Among Cocaine Users for Contingency Management Interventions

During contingency management interventions, reinforcement of cocaine abstinence is arranged by delivering an incentive when a urine sample tests cocaine-negative. The use of qualitative versus quantitative urinalysis testing may have important implications for effects on cocaine abstinence. Qualitative testing (i.e., testing that solely identifies whether a particular substance is present or absent) may not detect short-term cocaine abstinence because a single instance of cocaine use can result in cocaine-positive urine over many days. Quantitative testing (i.e., testing that identifies how much of a substance is present) may be more sensitive to short-term cocaine abstinence; however, the selection of a criterion for distinguishing new use versus carryover from previous use is an important consideration. The present study examined benzoylecgonine concentrations, the primary metabolite of cocaine, in urine samples collected three times per week for 30 weeks from 28 cocaine users who were exposed to a cocaine abstinence contingency. Of the positive urine samples (benzoylecgonine concentration >300 ng/ml), 29%, 21%, 14%, and 5% of the samples decreased in benzoylecgonine concentration by more than 20%, 40%, 60%, and 80% per day, respectively. As the size of the decrease increased, the likelihood of that sample occurring during a period leading to a cocaine-negative urine sample (benzoylecgonine concentration ≤300 ng/ml) also increased. The number of days required to produce a cocaine-negative sample following a positive sample ranged from 1 to 10 days and was significantly correlated with the starting benzoylecgonine level (r = 0.43, p < 0.001). The present analyses may aid in the development of procedures that allow for the precise reinforcement of recent cocaine abstinence during contingency management interventions.
Energy Efficient In-Memory Computing Platform Based on 4-Terminal Spin Hall Effect-Driven Domain Wall Motion Devices

In this paper, we propose an energy efficient in-memory computing platform based on novel 4-terminal spin Hall effect-driven domain wall motion devices that could be employed as both non-volatile memory cell and in-memory logic unit. The proposed designs lead to unity of memory and logic. The device to architecture level simulation results show that, with 45% area increase, the proposed in-memory computing platform achieves the write energy 15.6 ~ fJ/bit which is more than one order lower than that of standard 1-transistor 1-magnetic tunnel junction counterpart while keeping the identical 1ns writing speed. In addition, the proposed in-memory logic scheme improves the operating energy by 61.3% as compared with the conventional nonvolatile in-memory logic designs.
Gender and Networks in a Local Voluntary-Sector Elite

Focusing on gender inequality in a local community elite, we investigate the role of gender in access to and participation in networks of nonprofit trustees in Louisville, Kentucky. We examine two types of network relations: participation in the network of overlapping board memberships (the “structural network”) and interpersonal ties of collegiality and friendship (the “social network”). Asking whether the gender hierarchy found in most private and public sector organizations is mirrored in this inner circle of trustees, with men occupying the most influential positions in the structural and social networks, we find some male advantage in the structural network. Men predominate in holding most board seats, occupying multiple board seats, and in having slightly greater network centrality. By contrast, women hold the edge in the social network, with slightly greater centrality and higher levels of social integration. Women's disadvantage in the structural network is at least partly counterbalanced by their prominence in the social network of trustees in Louisville. Results indicate that the local nonprofit sector includes a small number of women (but no people of color) in leadership roles.
Workshop on Internet Economics (WIE 2020) final report

On 12-13 December 2018, CAIDA hosted the 9th interdisciplinary Workshop on Internet Economics (WIE) at the UC San Diego’s Supercomputer Center. This workshop series provides a forum for researchers, Internet facilities and service providers, technologists, economists, theorists, policy makers, and other stakeholders to exchange views on current and emerging regulatory and policy debates. To add clarity to a range of vigorous policy debates, and in pursuit of actionable objectives, this year’s meeting used a different approach to structuring the agenda. Each attendee chose a specific policy goal or harm, and structured their presentation to answer three questions: (1) What data is needed to measure progress toward/away from this goal/harm? (2) What methods do you propose to gather such data? (3) Who are the right entities to gather such data, and how should such data be managed and shared? With a specific focus on measurement challenges, the topics we discussed included: analyzing the evolution of the Internet in a layered-platform context to gain new insights; measurement and analysis of economic impacts of new technologies using old tools; security and trustworthiness, reach (universal service) and reachability, sustainability of investment into Internet infrastructure, as well as infrastructure to measure the Internet. All slides made available at https://www.caida.org/workshops/wie/1812/.
Towards accelerating synchrophasor based linear state estimation of power grid systems

Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are high speed monitoring devices that present a reliable and dynamic picture of the power grid. Many real time grid applications may benefit from these measurements. Synchrophasor only Linear State Estimator (LSE) is one of the critical Energy Management System (EMS) application that is benefited from the PMU measurements. Increase in the number of PMUs and grid size; increases computational burden of the LSE solver. Installing additional hardware may be a possible solution to deal with computational burden. However this incurs huge infrastructure, operation and maintenance cost. This paper, presents a cost effective cloud computing solution to address the computational burden of the LSE solver. Further, we plan to extend this work to address the limitations encountered by the Cloud hosted LSE solver.