cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Spectroscopic Signatures of Resonance Inhibition Reveal Differences in Donor-Bridge and Bridge-Acceptor Couplings

The torsional dependence of the ground state magnetic exchange coupling (J) and the corresponding electronic coupling matrix element (HDA) for eight transition metal complexes possessing donor-acceptor (D-A) biradical ligands is presented. These biradical ligands are composed of an S = 1/2 metal semiquinone (SQ) donor and an S = 1/2 nitronylnitroxide (NN) acceptor, which are coupled to each other via para-phenylene, methyl-substituted para-phenylenes, or a bicyclo[2.2.2]octane ring. The observed trends in electronic absorption and resonance Raman spectral features are in accord with a reduction in electronic and magnetic coupling between D and A units within the framework of our valence bond configuration interaction model. Moreover, our spectroscopic results highlight different orbital mechanisms that modulate coupling in these complexes, which is not manifest in the ferromagnetic JSQ-B-NN values. The work provides new detailed insight into the effects of torsional rotations which contribute to inhomogeneities in experimentally determined exchange couplings, electron transfer rates, and electron transport conductance measurements.
A Fully-Integrated Biofuel-Cell-Based Energy Harvester with 86% Peak Efficiency and 0.25V Minimum Input Voltage Using Source-Adaptive MPPT

This paper presents a cold-starting energy harvester in 65nm CMOS with source degradation tracking and automatic MPPT. A power-efficient architecture is proposed to keep the internal circuitry operating at 0.4V while regulating the output voltage at 1V using switched-capacitor DC-DC converters and a hysteresis controller. Peak efficiency of 86% is achieved at 0.39V input voltage and $1.34\mu\mathrm{W}$ of output power with 220nW of internal average power consumption. Integrated operation with lactate biofuel cells is demonstrated.
Slavery II, Child Soldiers

The child soldier is a distinct and unique form of slavery, overlooked in each of the global, comparative studies (Patterson, Bales, and Kara). The horrors of children enslaved as soldiers are as severe and ghastly as anything one will encounter in the study of evil.
Early Adopters of Event-driven Human Immunodeficiency Virus Pre-exposure Prophylaxis in a Large Healthcare System in San Francisco

Among 279 patients within a large healthcare system in San Francisco, event-driven HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis using a 2-1-1 regimen was a desirable alternative to daily dosing. Problems with adherence, planning sex in advance, or side effects were infrequent (13.9%). We found no new HIV infections over 136 person-years of follow-up.
Science–policy dimensions of research on climate change and conflict:

A large body of research now indicates that climate likely matters for conflict. This climate–conflict scholarship, however, has involved divergent findings, sometimes strident disagreement, and re...
Trigeminocardiac Reflex Induced by Maxillary Nerve Stimulation during Sphenopalatine Ganglion Implantation: A Case Series.

Background: The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a brainstem reflex following stimulation of the trigeminal nerve, resulting in bradycardia, asystole and hypotension. It has been described in maxillofacial and craniofacial surgeries. This case series highlights TCR events occurring during sphenopalatine ganglion (SPJ) neurostimulator implantation as part of the Pathway CH-2 clinical trial “Sphenopalatine ganglion Stimulation for Treatment of Chronic Cluster Headache”. Methods: This is a case series discussing sphenopalatine ganglion neurostimulator implantation in the pterygopalatine fossa as treatment for intractable cluster headaches. Eight cases are discussed with three demonstrating TCR events. All cases received remifentanil and desflurane for anesthetic maintenance. Results: Each patient with a TCR event experienced severe bradycardia. In two cases, TCR resolved with removal of the introducer, while the third case’s TCR event resolved with both anticholinergic treatment and surgical stimulation cessation. Conclusion: Each TCR event occurred before stimulation of the fixed introducer device, suggesting the cause for the TCR events was mechanical in origin. Due to heightened concern for further TCR events, all subsequent cases had pre-anesthesia external pacing pads placed. Resolution can occur with cessation of surgical manipulation and/or anticholinergic treatment. Management of TCR events requires communication between surgical teams and anesthesia providers, especially during sphenopalatine ganglion implantation when maxillary nerve stimulation is possible.
Sine testibus tabulariis: a late-twelfth century civilian notabilium in memory of Professor Dr. Peter Landau

EnglishSine testibus tabulariis, a late twelfth-century notabilium, is preserved in Oxford, University College MS. 117. It originally belonged to St. Augustine’s at Canterbury. This anonymous work appears to be entirely drawn from the Authenticum. The essay provides a transcription of Sine testibus and then a comparison of the work with similar, contemporary texts from the Anglo-Norman world. It concludes with a brief consideration of the notabilium’s purpose DeutschEin zivilrechtliches Notabilium des ausgehenden 12. Jahrhunderts, Sine testibus tabulariis, ist heute in Oxford, University College, 117, zu finden. Im Mittelalter war diese Handschrift Besitz der Klosterbibliothek St. Augustins zu Canterbury. Die Quelle des Notabiliums war das Authenticum der justinianischen Novellen. Auf Grund einer Transkription des Textes, wirdl der Inhalt zusammengefasst, die Arbeitsweise des unbekannten Autors mit dem Authenticum analysiert und mit zeitgenossichen Werken aus dem anglo-normannischen Raum verglichen.Am Schluss wird die Absicht des Autors berucksichtigt.
Electro-Optical Modulators

Electro-optic modulators are based on the control of guided waves using electro-optic variation of the phase or amplitude using an applied electric field. Different theoretical approaches can be used to describe electro-optic control including coupled-mode theory. Phase retardation of the guided light enables polarization splitting, optical switching, and wavelength-selective coupling. Two model–material systems, which are extensively used for E/O devices: GaAs (or other III–V semiconductor material) and lithium niobate. In addition, secondary material systems are mentioned throughout.
Interested Investors and Intermediaries: When do ESG Concerns Lead to ESG Performance?

Interested investors and intermediaries (asset managers) are concerned about corporate managers' actions above and beyond the effects of those actions on cash flows. These interests could relate to environmental, social, or governance performance, payout policy, etc. We examine the implications of such interests, combined with the potential for owners to influence managers, on corporate actions, stock prices, and portfolio decisions. When investors are small and invest directly, free-riding causes their non-monetary interests to have no effect. An intermediary can overcome the free-rider problem that prevents small investors from exerting influence activities. However, the free-rider problem persists as investors optimally choose not to delegate to the intermediary, absent frictions. We show that, due to free riding, intermediaries benefit from mechanisms that allow them to economize on costly influence efforts, such as having interests aligned with managers, negative externalities across portfolio firms, and co-investing with similarly-interested insiders. Our findings have implications for research and policy-making related to asset management, investor activism, and corporate social responsibility.
Optimized Human-AI Decision Making: A Personal Perspective

AI is turning up everywhere, but when people try to use it to as a tool help make better decisions it often stumbles…users reject it, rely too much on it, and so forth. Not only is this a problem for AI-as-tool applications, it is increasingly clear that AI without human oversight is prone to bad mistakes, typically because the AI has such a narrow view of the world and can't tell when it is violating norms or when the context has changed. As a consequence, AI-automation is getting serious pushback from citizens and lawmakers. What are we to do in order to integrate AI tools into human group decision making?
The Modernist Novel: A Critical Introduction

Introduction 1. Character: presence, substance, structure, stability, stature, purpose 2. Event: scale, causality, plot 3. Space: texture, mental space, urban space 4. Time: orientation, pace, continuity, order 5. Framework: beginning, ending 6. Text: mechanics, language, style 7. Narrator: vision, voice, knowledge Conclusion.
Mapping the Binding-Site Crevice of the D2 Receptor

Publisher Summary The binding sites of dopamine receptors are formed among their seven, mostly hydrophobic, membrane spanning segments and are accessible to charged, water-soluble agonists, like dopamine. Thus, each of these binding sites is contained within a water accessible crevice, the binding-site crevice, extending from the extracellular surface of the receptor into the plane of the membrane. The surface of this crevice is formed by residues that contact specific agonists and/or antagonists and other residues that may affect binding indirectly. To identify the residues that form the surface of the binding-site crevice in the human D2 receptor, the substituted-cysteine accessibility method (SCAM) is used. Consecutive residues in the membrane-spanning segments are mutated to cysteine, one at a time, and the mutant receptors are expressed in heterologous cells. If ligand binding to a cysteine-substitution mutant is near-normal, it is assumed that the structure of the mutant receptor, especially around the binding site, is similar to that of wild type and that the substituted cysteine lies in an orientation similar to that of the wild type residue. An additional advantage of this approach is that it can be determined whether a residue lines the binding-site crevice, even if mutation of the residue produces no functional change in the properties of the receptor.
A partir de E. Husserl ¿qué fue de la filosofía? entre el método y el sentido, un mundo "gesto" de la filosofía contemporánea

En este articulo pretendemos dar cuenta del desenvolvimiento que tuvo la filosofia moderno-contemporanea y el llamado pensamiento postmetafisico, a partir de Edmund Husserl. Alrededor las categorias fenomenologicas de metodo y de sentido enunciamos un gesto de apertura a la filosofia contemporanea la cual asume distintos matices que pretenden que la actividad filosofica vaya mas alla de si misma.
Quantum Dots in GaInP/GaInAs/GaAs for Infrared Sensing

Nanotechnology is occurring simultaneously in almost every field with strong interdisciplinary applications which have unique and important characteristics for potential novel and high performance devices. Quantum dots grown by epitaxial self-assembly via Stranski- Krastanov growth mode have many favorable properties for infrared sensing. Because of their very small size and three-dimensional confinement, the electronic energy levels are quantized and discrete. These quantum effects lead to a unique property, “phonon bottleneck”, which might enable the high operating temperature of infrared sensing which usually requires cryogenic cooling. Here we report a focal plane array (FPA) based on an epitaxial self-assembled quantum dot infrared detector (QDIP). The device structure containing self-assembled In0.68Ga0.32As quantum dots with a density around 3×1010 cm-2 was grown by low-pressure metalorganic chemical vapor deposition (LP-MOCVD). Using different structures, we successfully developed QDIPs with a peak photoresponse around 5 μm and 9 μm. High peak detectivities were achieved at 77 K from both QDIPs. By stacking both device structures, we demonstrated a two-color QDIP whose peak detection wavelength could be tuned from 5 μm to 9 μm by changing the bias. 256×256 detector arrays based on 5 μm and 9 μm-QDIPs were fabricated with standard photolithography, dry etching and hybridization to a read-out integrated circuit (ROIC). We demonstrated thermal imaging from our FPAs based on QDIPs.
Passive electrical measurements from three Oklahoma tornados

Passive electrical measurement of three tornados in the Oklahoma area have been made and are being reported upon. The measurements made include point discharge current, 18.5-kc/s sferics, along with 10-, 50-, 100-, and 175-kc/s, and 30-Mc/s sferics. The preceding measurements of tornados are compared with a typical local thunderstorm. In this comparison, it is shown that the electrical discharges within the tornados are much more intense than in local thunderstorms, particularly in frequency of occurrence. Data also show that the normal frequency spectrum of sferics radiation is different from the frequency spectrum of the tornados measured. Furthermore, the tornado sferics appear to have a definite aperiodic structure that may be present to a limited extent in the intense portion of a thunderstorm. Similarities between the measurements made on the Oklahoma tornados and Jones's work are pointed out. Finally, it is suggested that a coupling between the electrical and mechanical energies of the tornado may be responsible for the difference noted between tornado sferics and thunderstorm sferics.
ANALGOID MITES (PROCTOPHYLLODIDAE) FROM THE DICAEIDAE (AVES: PASSERIFORMES)†

Four species of Monojoubertia Radford, 1950 (Proctophyllodidae, Proctophyllodinae) are (re)described: M. securigera (Trouessart, 1885) [=Proctophyllodes (Alloptes) securiger] from Dicaeum hirundinaceum, Australia; M. parvisecurigera, sp. n., from D. hirundinaceum, Australia; M. marquardti, sp. n., from D. concolor, Thailand and D. cruentatum, Indochina; M. cristata, sp. n., from D. celebicum. Celebes.
Covalent attachment of peptides for high sensitivity solid-phase sequence analysis.

Abstract We have developed a method for the high efficiency covalent immobilization of picomole to nanomole quantities of peptides in a form compatible with high sensitivity gas-liquid or solid-phase sequence analysis. Glass fiber filter paper was derivatized with aminophenyltriethoxysilane and peptides were applied to circular disks cut to 1-cm diameters. Peptides were covalently immobilized on the aminophenyl-glass fiber paper through their terminal α-carboxyl groups and amino acid side-chain carboxyl groups by activation with the water-soluble reagent N-ethyl-N′-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide. Disks containing the covalently attached peptide were directly inserted into the cartridge of an automated sequenator for sequence analysis by the Edman degradation. Peptides prepared in this way could be routinely sequenced through to and including the C-terminal amino acid residue, at extraordinarily low backgrounds. The covalent immobilization of peptide fragments allowed far more flexibility in sequencing conditions, including the use of polar extraction solvents to increase the yield of phenylthiohydantoin (PTH)-His and PTH-Arg and the use of alternative Edman-type sequencing reagents with enhanced detectability, such as the chromophoric compound 4-(N,N′-dimethylamino)azobenzene-4′-isothiocyanate. The potential of this high efficiency immobilization method for contributing to the development of sequencing chemistries with enhanced sensitivity is discussed.
Slack in participative budgeting: The joint effect of a truth-inducing pay scheme and risk preferences

Abstract An incentive problem in participative budgeting occurs when a worker has private information about factors that influence his or her performance and the pay scheme is budget- or standard-based. This information, if communicated accurately by the worker, may be valuable to a manager for planning and control purposes. However, the worker has an incentive to bias its communication such that a relatively easy standard is set, thereby creating slack. To alleviate this problem, analytical research has proposed truth-inducing pay schemes that provide incentives for accurately communicating private information and maximizing performance. A conventional assumption underlying these schemes is worker risk neutrality, despite the wide-spread belief that risk aversion is more typical in organizational settings. This paper reports an experiment demonstrating that, when a (conventional) truth-inducing scheme is introduced, slack decreases for risk-neutral subjects but not for risk-averse subjects.
A General Theory of Strength for Anisotropic Materials

An operationally simple strength criterion for anisotropic materials is developed from a scalar function of two strength tensors. Differing from existing quadratic approximations of failure surfaces, the present theory satisfies the invariant requirements of coordinate transforma tion, treats interaction terms as independent components, takes into account the difference in strengths due to positive and negative stresses, and can be specialized to account for different material symmetries, multi-dimensional space, and multi-axial stresses. The measured off-axis uniaxial and pure shear data are shown to be in good agreement with the predicted values based on the present theory.
Status, prediction and prevention of introduced cordgrass Spartina spp. invasions in Pacific estuaries, USA

Abstract Along the Pacific coast of North America, four introduced cordgrass species ( Spartina alterniflora, S. anglica, S. patens and S. densiflora ) have thus far invaded five isolated estuaries. Dense growth of introduced Spartina spp. reduces open mud feeding habitats of shorebirds, while in the upper intertidal, introduced Spartina spp. compete with native salt marsh vegetation. Prediction of Spartina invasions is facilitated by the remarkable restriction of these species to distinct estuarine habitats which generally lack interspecific competitors and herbivores. We used physical characteristics to identify 31 specific sites along the US Pacific coast that are vulnerable to future Spartina invasions and then used species characteristics, like native latitudinal range and past invasion success, to predict which Spartina species will be likely to invade these sites in the future. All 31 sites were predicted to be vulnerable to S. alterniflora , while the other invasive Spartina spp. may be restricted to a subset of the vulnerable sites. At a finer scale, within a vulnerable site, the mean tidal range can be used to predict the extent of spatial spread of a Spartina sp. after colonization. These prediction techniques might be used to identify and prioritize sites for protection against future invasions. We suggest that a cost-effective way to prevent the transformation of unique North American Pacific mudflat and saltmarsh communities into introduced Spartina -dominated marshes is to survey the vulnerable sites frequently and eliminate introduced Spartina spp. propagules before they spread.
In Search of Foundations: the Oeuvre of Donald L. Gelpi, Sj, and Its Significance for Pentecostal Theology and Philosophy

Donald L. Gelpi, SJ, has been one of the few individuals who has developed a systematic philosophical theology and spirituality that are imbued with intuitions derived from the (in his case, Catholic) charismatic experience. His insights remain to be appreciated as such by Pentecostal and charis matic scholars working in these areas. This essay seeks to introduce the work of Gelpi to Pentecostal and charismatic philosophers and theologians by providing broad overviews of the central themes of Gelpi's project begun in the early 1970s and more explicitly developed in his most recent books. I will focus on three motifs in Gelpi's oeuvre—his foundational pneumatol ogy, his theological anthropology, and his theological method—and explore how they intersect with, complement, and perhaps even chart fresh avenues for Pentecostal-charismatic scholarship.
III: Typhoons on Yap

Typhoons are common events in the Western Caroline Islands. They are well known and a chronic threat. How do a people faced with such a recurrent threat handle the situation? How do they prepare for typhoons? What do they expect from them? What do they do until the typhoon comes? What do they do during one and afterwards?
Acute LD50 and kidney histopathology following injection of erythromycin (Erythro‐200) and its carrier in spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum)

We evaluated the toxicity of commercial injectable erythromycin (Erythro-200) and the injectable drug carrier alone (PEG-400, ethyl alcohol and ethyl acetate) in sub-adult spring chinook salmon, Oncorhynchus tshawytscha (Walbaum). Both compounds were toxic to salmon when administered in high dosages. The 50% lethal dose (LD50) of the erythromycin within its carrier (Erythro-200) at 12 °C was estimated at 429 mg erythromycin kg–1 or 2.145 mL kg–1 when measured by volume. The LD50 of the drug carrier alone was 2.95 mL kg–1 by volume or equivalent to 3.21 g kg–1 of the carrier. We evaluated and scored the histopathology in kidney sections removed from fish 96 h after injection with Erythro-200, the drug carrier alone, or sterile phosphate buffered saline (PBS) that served as a reference control. Kidneys from fish injected with saline had lowest average pathology scores; those injected with the carrier had moderate scores; and the pathology score was highest in tissues from erythromycin-injected fish. In tests at 12 °C, vacuoles were more prominent in proximal and distal tubules of fish injected with higher dosages of 403 and 545 mg erythromycin kg–1 than in tissues from fish injected with 299 mg kg–1.
Comparison of probes for microbial contamination following use in periodontal pockets of various depths.

Background: It has been speculated that periodontal probes can transmit periodontal pathogens from site to site. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the potential for bacterial transmission as a function of periodontal probe design. Methods: Four different periodontal probes were used to measure probing depths ranging from 0 to 3 mm and ≥4 mm. Following measurement of each pocket, probes were transported to a laboratory and cultured on blood agar, and colony forming units (CFUs) were determined for total aerobic, anaerobic, and darkpigmented colonies (DPCs). Eight randomly selected probe tips, representing each probe type and probing depth category, were selected for examination by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to determine distribution and morphotypes of adhering microbes. Results: Results showed no statistically significant main effect for probes with respect to CFUs. However, there was a statistically significant increase in CFUs for deeper pockets when compared to pockets 0 to 3 mm. SEM observations were consistent among groups, regardless of probe design or probing depth. All probes exhibited a rough surface texture. Microbes were observed as single organisms or in aggregates and were adherent along the entire length of the probe up to the maximum probing depth. Conclusions: There was no difference in CFUs obtained as a function of periodontal probes. The rough surfaces of the probes used in this study likely promoted bacterial adherence through two different mechanisms: through scraping of the pocket walls by the roughened surfaces of the probe and by the high surfacefree energy of the metal probes, facilitating bacterial adherence. J Periodontol 2004;75:353-359.
Multilateral Organizations as Morally Response-Able

Global Poverty, Ethics and Human Rights: The Role of Multilateral Organisations. By Desmond McNeill, Asuncion Lera St. Clair. New York: Routledge, 2009. 192 pp., $39.95 paperback (ISBN-13: 978-0-415-44594-8). Who is responsible for the persistence of extreme poverty in the world? International organizations (IO) are, according to the authors of Global Poverty, Ethics and Human Rights , not necessarily because they have caused it (although in some cases they have contributed to the conditions of extreme poverty) but because they are mandated to ameliorate conditions of extreme poverty. And yet, they fail. Why is this the case? The answer to this question is found in the analysis of four case studies. These cases include two of the perhaps most important global development organizations, the World Bank (WB) and the United Nations Development Program (UNDP), as well as two less studied IOs, the United Nations Educational Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) and the Inter-American Development Bank (IDB). This is an ambitious comparative study about discourse (or lack thereof) within IOs on ethics and human rights as it relates to poverty. Building on the authors' earlier scholarship on ideas and material resources as influences on multilateral organizations, the book addresses the ethical and moral dimension of IOs. At the heart of it is the issue of global justice and the role played by IOs in responding to it. The authors ask “Why cannot organizations with global scope and global mandate—such as the World Bank and the UNDP—more explicitly act, and be proud to act, as promoters of global justice?” One major obstacle, according to the authors, is resistance by state governments within these organizations; thus, the structure of the IOs poses a hindrance to bringing about global justice. While the book is structured so that each chapter analyzing the cases can be read independently (thus, enabling the reader interested in only one or two cases to go straight to the source), the comparative analysis (although not systematically uniform) of several IOs …
Multicasting MDC videos to receivers with different screen resolution

A primary challenge in multicasting video in a wireless LAN has been to deal with the client diversity in terms of channel diversity: clients may have different channel characteristics and hence receive different numbers of packet transmissions from the AP. Various schemes exploiting layered video coding schemes such as MRC and MDC have been proposed to address this problem. With the advent of smartphones, a new form of client heterogeneity, that different portable devices have different screen resolution and hence desire different numbers of layers, has become increasingly prominent. In this paper, we propose a practical transmission strategy selection method that takes into consideration this new form of client diversity and show it can increase the number of layers received by clients by up to 62%, compared to a scheme that is oblivious of the client screen resolution diversity.
OLISTHODISCUS LUTEUS (CHRYSOPHYCEAE) I. EFFECTS OF SALINITY AND TEMPERATURE ON GROWTH. MOTILITY AND SURVIVALS1, 2

The effect of salinity and temperature on Olisthodiscus luteus Carter has been examined to across the relative importance of these factory on dynamics of natural population. A salinity range 2–50% was observed with increased tolerance to low salinity ( 0.5 division day−1 at temperature of 15–30°C higher salinities (5–50%.) variable but distinct optima for density, growth and motility were observed 5, 10 and 30°C. Density and motility showed no clear optima from 10–10%.15–25°C where maximum growth rates >1.0 division/day−1 were common. Temperature increased from (0.5–1.9 division. Day−1) and increases of three orders of magnitude (102−103) for maximum densities. Temperature optima 20°C for growth 5–35%. And 25°C for >40%. were observed. The implications of these findings to natural populations of O. luleus are discussed.
Improved postprandial blood glucose control and reduced nocturnal hypoglycemia during treatment with two novel insulin lispro-protamine formulations, insulin lispro Mix25 and insulin lispro Mix50

The objective of this 6-month, open-label, randomized, two-period crossover study was to compare glycemic control when patients were treated with (1) 2 manufactured premixed insulin formulations containing insulin lispro and a novel insulin lispro-protamine formulation, neutral protamine lispro (NPL), and (2) 2 manufactured premixed human insulin formulations, human insulin 50/50 and human insulin 30/70. One hundred individuals, 37 with type 1 diabetes mellitus (12 females, 25 males; mean age, 39.4 years; mean body mass index [BMI], 24.8; mean duration of diabetes, 12.9 years) and 63 with type 2 diabetes mellitus (33 females, 30 males; mean age, 59.0 years; mean BMI, 28.4; mean duration of diabetes, 12.6 years), were treated with insulin lispro mixtures. Insulin lispro Mix50 (50% insulin lispro/50% NPL) and human insulin 50/50 (50% regular insulin/50% neutral protamine Hagedorn [NPH] insulin) were administered before breakfast; insulin lispro Mix25 (25% insulin lispro/75% NPL) and human insulin 30/70 (30% regular insulin/70% NPH) were administered before dinner. Blood glucose (BG), hypoglycemic episodes (hypoglycemic signs or symptoms or BG <3.0 mmol/L), insulin dose and timing of dose before meals, and hemoglobin A1c were measured. Mean doses of insulin lispro and human insulin mixtures were similar overall and for both diabetes subgroups. However, compared with human insulin mixtures, twice-daily administration of insulin lispro mixtures resulted in improved postprandial glycemic control, similar overall glycemic control, and less nocturnal hypoglycemia, as well as offering the convenience of dosing closer to meals.
Microwave spectrum of trimethylarsine

Abstract The rotational spectrum of the ground vibrational state of As(CH 3 ) 3 has been analysed. The molecular constants are B 0 = 4724·98 Me/sec, D j = 3 kc, eqQ ( 75 As) = −203·15 Mc/sec, and μ = 0·86 D. If a CAsC angle of 96° ± 3° is assumed, the As—C distance is determined to be 1·959 ± 0·010 . The barrier to internal rotation of a CH 3 group is estimated to be between 1500 and 2500 cal/mole.
Binding of hydrophobic ligands to plant lectins: titration with arylaminonaphthalenesulfonates.

Abstract Binding of the Hydrophobic ligands 1,8-anilinonaphthalenesulfonic acid (ANS) and 2,6-toluidinylnaphthalenesulfonic acid (TNS) to a variety of plant lectins was studied by lectin-induced alteration of the fluorescence spectra of the two ligands. With one exception, all legume lectins examined bound ANS, with affinity constants ranging from 103 to 104 M−1. Similar ANS binding was noted for some nonlegume lectins. Titration of the five isolectins from Phaseolus vulgaris with ANS indicated positive cooperative binding of ANS to the two isolectins E4 and E3L1. Titrations with TNS revealed high-affinity sites for this ligand in a number of lectins. Addition of haptenic sugars did not inhibit binding of ANS, suggesting that the hydrophobic binding sites of lectins are independent of the carbohydrate binding sites.
Interstitial deletion of 8q21→22 associated with minor anomalies, congenital heart defect, and Dandy‐Walker variant

We describe an infant with a deletion of 8q21{yields}22 who had distinct clinical manifestations including minor facial anomalies, a congenital heart defect, a Dandy-Walker variant, and mild to moderate developmental delay. Her facial characteristics included small, wide-spaced eyes, asymmetric bilateral epicanthal folds, a broad nasal bridge, a {open_quotes}carp-shaped{close_quotes} mouth, micrognathia, and prominent, apparently low-set ears. Three other reports describe children with larger proximal deletions of 8q that include 8q21 and q22. These four children all have similar facial appearance. Of the others reported, one had a congenital heart defect and one had craniosynostosis. This case, in addition to the previously noted three cases, helps in delineating a recognizable syndrome. 12 refs., 3 figs., 1 tab.
Approximating the Stance Map of a 2-DOF Monoped Runner

We report in this paper a relatively simple means of generating closed-form approximants to the return map associated with a family of nonintegrable Hamiltonian systems. These systems arise in consideration of legged locomotion by animals and robots. The approximations proceed through the iterated application of the mean value theorem for integral operators applied to a nonintegrable perturbation of the system of interest. Both the accuracy of these approximants and their algebraic intractability grow in a relatively controlled manner.
ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE AND ORGANIZATIONAL LEVEL TRAINING AND SUPPORT

The present study uses both objective and survey data to examine relations among retail sales training, organizational support, and store performance and to examine whether training interacts with organizational support to predict store performance. The study is unique in that it presents an example of the analysis of the relationship between organizational level measures of training and performance, as opposed to more traditional individual level measures. Archival data in a correlational design were analyzed for 62 stores belonging to the same international merchandising firm. Two measures of training and two measures of support were used to predict two measures of store performance. Results indicated that training and organizational support were significantly correlated with both measures of store performance, although the relationship between training and organizational performance was stronger. In contrast to predictions, there were no significant interactions between the training and support variables.
A Bin-packing Model Based on File Preservation Problem

This paper established a bin-packing model according to file preservation problems, which is a NP hard problem, the paper use FF and FFD algorithm to obtain the corresponding results, by comparing the results, with the bound theory of the optimal solution to prove the obtained solution from FFD algorithm shall be the optimal solution. This paper further analysis of a large-scale one-dimensional packing problem solving method, in order to overcome the disadvantage of classical algorithm in space and time, and for searching a good convergence, with strong local search and to avoid falling into local optimal solution algorithm, this paper give the processes of simulated annealing algorithm.
Decision Feedback Techniques for Interference Cancellation in PN Spread Spectrum Communication Systems

A new type of nonlinear interference canceller with applications in PN spread spectrum communication systems is described, and performance results are given. This interference cancelling technique can be implemented in a one stage or two stage form. Both forms are discussed, and their performance compared and related to that of linear interference cancellation methods. These results demonstrate that decision feedback techniques yield significantly improved performance relative to previously reported linear interference cancellation methods.
Planar cell polarity: heading in the right direction.

Epithelial cells are patterned not only along their apical–basolateral axis, but also along the plane of the epithelial sheet; the latter event is regulated by the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway. PCP regulates diverse outputs, such as the distal placement of a hair in all cells of the Drosophila wing, and convergent extension movements during gastrulation in the vertebrate embryo. This primer describes the molecular mechanisms that initiate and establish PCP, as well as biochemical pathways that translate PCP signaling to cell type-specific patterning events. The primer concludes with a discussion of current topics in the field with two PCP researchers, Matt Kelley, Ph.D., and Helen McNeill, Ph.D. Developmental Dynamics 233:695–700, 2005. © 2005 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Measurement of antibody binding to intact bacteria using flow cytometric techniques

Abstract Laboratory based assays are used routinely to measure antibody binding to bacteria of their subunits and have become extremely important to the study of immune responses to these pathogens. We have developed a two-color fluorescence flow cytometric assay to measure the binding of bovine antibodies to intact Brucella abortus . Intact, irradiated B. abortus organisms, strain 19, were incubated with bovine plasma from B. abortus strain 19 vaccinated cattle. Bacteria with bound bovine immunoglobulin were labeled using an FITC conjugated anti-bovine immunoglobulin antiserum (green fluorescence), fixed to stabilize the antibody binding and to permeabilize the bacterial cell wall and then treated with propidium iodide (red fluorescence) to label the bacterial DNA. Dual labeled bacteria were analyzed with a flow cytometer using red fluorescence to identify bacteria from sample debris and green fluorescence to measure antibody binding. The advantages of such an assay are that intact bacteria can be used, labeling procedures are simple and readily automated and data represents the measurement of antibodies bound to a large number of individual bacteria which are used to determine the total antibody binding estimate. This assay was used to measure specific antibody levels using a single dilution of test plasma and was subject to less intertest variation than an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
Proline in a transmembrane helix compensates for cavities in the photosynthetic reaction center.

Abstract A site-specific double mutant, in which the large aromatic residues M208Tyr and L181Phe in the interior of the photosynthetic reaction center (RC) complex were replaced by smaller threonine residues, showed a dramatic reduction in the number of assembled complexes and was incapable of photosynthetic growth. The cavity created by the smaller side-chains was thought to interfere with the stability and/or assembly of the complex. Phenotypic revertants were recovered in which a spontaneous second-site mutation restored photocompetence in the presence of the original site-specific mutations. In these strains, an Ala→Pro substitution in a neighboring transmembrane helix (at M271) resulted in an increased yield of RC complexes. To test the hypothesis that the original phenotype was due to a cavity, other mutants were constructed that created similar-sized voids at other positions in the membrane-spanning interior. These substitutions caused the same phenotype. Coupling of the above proline substitution to these new cavity mutants also resulted in photocompetent strains that carry increased levels of RC complexes. Therefore, the proline substitution of M271 serves as a global suppressor of the phenotype caused by these internal cavities. The proline substitution slightly increases the thermal stability of the complex at higher temperatures, but the mutant and suppressor strains have about the same stability at the optimal culture temperature, where both are less stable than the wild-type strain. Therefore, the proline substitution may suppress the non-photosynthetic phenotype of cavity mutants by facilitating folding of the nascent polypeptides as they assemble with cofactors to form the transmembranar RC complex. The proline replacement occurs at a pre-existing kink in a transmembrane helix where it can be accommodated without introducing a strain in the structure. The function of proline residues in transmembrane helices might be to promote folding and/or assembly in general.
Effect of planting date, spacing, and potassium on hollow heart in Norgold Russet Potatoes.

A 4 year study was conducted to determine the effect of planting date, spacing and potassium on the incidence of hollow heart in Norgold Russet. Hollow heart occurred in 3 of the 4 years; ranging from 5.7 to 45.9% in 1965, 8.2 to 24.1% in 1966 and 0.3 to 3.9% in 1968. depending on treatment. Based on the 4-year averages close spacing, early planting and potassium reduced hollow heart when weather conditions werefavorable for development. Of these treatments close spacing was the most effective control, and planting date was the least consistent in its effect of the factors sudied. In two of the years there was an association between increased numbers of tubers, increased yields and a lower percentage of hollow heart.
Performance of virus isolation and Directigen® Flu A to detect influenza A virus in experimental human infection

Background: few data exist to assess the sensitivity of different specimen types for viral detection during the course of influenza virus infection. Objectives: this study assessed the relationships between quantitative influenza A virus replication and antigen detectability by the enzyme immunosorbent assay (EIA) Directigen® Flu A in different type of samples during experimental human infection. Study design: fourteen volunteers were inoculated with influenza A virus A/Texas/36/91 (H1N1). Four specimens types were collected in sequence for quantitative isolation in cell culture and antigen testing from days 1 to 8 after inoculation. Results: seventy-one (63%) of nasopharyngeal wash specimens were culture positive, compared to 51 (46%) of throat gargles, 51 (46%) of nasal swabs, and 27 (24%) of throat swabs. All subjects shed virus in their nasopharyngeal wash at least one day and 86% of subjects had a positive nasopharyngeal wash culture on day 2 after inoculation. The mean viral titers were highest on day 2 post inoculation for all specimen types and averaged 3.6 log10 TCID50/ml for nasal washes, 1.2 log10 TCID50/ml for throat gargles, 1.8 log10 TCID50/ml for the nasopharyngeal swabs, and 0.6 log10 TCID50/ml for the throat swabs. Mean viral titers in the nasal washes were significantly different (P<0.05) compared to other specimen types. The peak of sensitivity of EIA (compared to culture) was the second day after inoculation. Nasopharyngeal and throat swab results were combined for this analysis and considered positive by culture if positive in either or both samples. Thus, on day 2 the number of EIA positive samples relative to the number culture positive was 9/12 (75%) for nasopharyngeal wash specimens, 2/9 (22%) for throat gargles, and 7/11 (64%) for the combined throat and nasal swabs specimens. Conclusions: nasopharyngeal washes are the most sensitive sample type detecting influenza A virus in adults. For rapid diagnosis the Directigen® Flu A is a an alternative with a sensitivity compared to culture ranging between 64 and 78% if performed on nasopharyngeal specimens on day two or three after experimental infection in adults. However, if performed on other specimens or later in the course of infection the sensitivity is lower.
Effect of anticoagulants, vasodilators, and dipyridamole on postischemic cerebral vascular obstruction.

Abstract The effect of various pharmacological agents, anticoagulants, vasodilators, and dipyridamole on postischemic cerebral vascular obstruction was assessed. Of these agents only heparin when administered with NaHCO3 proved significantly effective.
A numerical method for the two layer shallow water equations with dry states

Abstract A numerical method is proposed for solving the two layer shallow water equations with variable bathymetry in one dimension based on high-resolution f-wave-propagation finite volume methods. The method splits the jump in the fluxes and source terms into waves propagating away from each grid cell interface. It addresses the required determination of the system’s eigenstructure and a scheme for evaluating the flux and source terms. It also handles dry states in the system where the bottom layer depth becomes zero, utilizing existing methods for the single layer solution and handling single layer dry states that can exist independently. Sample results are shown illustrating the method and its handling of dry states including an idealized ocean setting.
Molecular properties of local anesthetics: the crystal structure of 2-diethylaminoethyl p-methoxybenzoate hydrochloride.

The crystal structure of 2-diethylaminoethyl-p-nitrobenzoate hydrochloride (C13H18N2O4, HCl) been has determined from three-dimensional diffractometer data. A detailed discussion of the molecular structure is presented, together with a comparison to other similar local anesthetic structures.
Spatial and temporal variabilities of pelagic fish community structure and distribution in Chesapeake Bay, USA

Abstract Spatio-temporal variability in assemblages of pelagic fish in Chesapeake Bay from 1995 to 2000 was documented based on midwater trawl surveys conducted three times annually (April, July, and October). Numerically dominant pelagic and benthopelagic fishes, 30–256 mm TL, were included in the analysis. Species assemblages, diversity indices, biomass distributions, and a correspondence analysis revealed that physical forcing, primarily driven by freshwater input, shaped the structure of fish communities, both annually and regionally. But, seasonal succession occurred, with adults dominating in the spring and recruited juveniles dominating in the fall. The dominant species were bay anchovy (Anchoa mitchilli), Atlantic croaker (Micropogonias undulatus), white perch (Morone americana), spot (Leiostomus xanthurus), weakfish (Cynoscion regalis), and Atlantic menhaden (Brevoortia tyrannus). Young-of-the-year (YOY) and age-1+ fish were concentrated in different regions and different seasons. A correspondence analysis showed that salinity was the most important environmental factor explaining annual differences in the upbay–downbay gradients in fish community structure. In 1997–2000, following a surge of freshwater input and nutrient loadings in 1996, October baywide fish biomass increased by 120% and mean baywide dissolved oxygen (DO) concentration below the pycnocline in summer decreased by 30%. These interannual variabilities in baywide fish biomass and mean DO suggest a relationship between bay plankton productivity and fish production. Species composition shifted markedly in 1996 when YOY and age-1+ anadromous fishes became dominant, but returned progressively in subsequent years to the usual structure in which bay anchovy and other polyhaline species were dominant.
Three-dimensional susceptibility-weighted imaging and two-dimensional T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging of intratumoral hemorrhages in pediatric diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma

We compared the sensitivity and specificity of T2*-weighted gradient-echo imaging (T2*-GRE) and susceptibility-weighted imaging (SWI) in determining prevalence and cumulative incidence of intratumoral hemorrhages in children with diffuse intrinsic pontine glioma (DIPG) undergoing antiangiogenic and radiation therapy. Patients were recruited from an institutional review board-approved prospective phase I trial of vandetanib administered in combination with radiation therapy. Patient consent was obtained before enrollment. Consecutive T2*-GRE and SWI exams of 17 patients (F/M: 9/8; age 3–17 years) were evaluated. Two reviewers (R1 and R2) determined the number and size of hemorrhages at baseline and multiple follow-ups (92 scans, mean 5.4/patient). Statistical analyses were performed using descriptive statistics, graphical tools, and mixed-effects Poisson regression models. Prevalence of hemorrhages at diagnosis was 41% and 47%; the cumulative incidences of hemorrhages at 6 months by T2*-GRE and SWI were 82% and 88%, respectively. Hemorrhages were mostly petechial; 9.7% of lesions on T2*-GRE and 5.2% on SWI were hematomas (>5 mm). SWI identified significantly more hemorrhages than T2*-GRE did. Lesions were missed or misinterpreted in 36/39 (R1/R2) scans by T2*-GRE and 9/3 scans (R1/R2) by SWI. Hemorrhages had no clinically significant neurological correlates in patients. SWI is more sensitive than T2*-GRE in detecting hemorrhages and differentiating them from calcification, necrosis, and artifacts. Also, petechial hemorrhages are more common in DIPG at diagnosis than previously believed and their number increases during the course of treatment; hematomas are rare.