cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Hospital to Home: A Quality Improvement Initiative to Implement High-fidelity Simulation Training for Caregivers of Children Requiring Long-term Mechanical Ventilation.

Abstract Background Preparing families of children requiring long-term mechanical ventilation (LTMV) to manage medical emergencies at home is challenging. Opportunities for family caregivers to rehearse crisis management in a controlled setting before discharge are limited. Objective We aimed to create a multimodal discharge preparedness curriculum, incorporating high-fidelity simulation training, to prepare family caregivers of children with complex medical conditions requiring long-term mechanical ventilation. We sought to determine which curricular elements were most helpful and whether this curriculum impacted the rate of readmissions within 7 days of hospital discharge. Methods The curriculum included instructional videos, printed handouts, cardiopulmonary resuscitation training, and two mandatory high fidelity simulation scenarios depicting tracheostomy- and ventilator-related emergencies. Teams of one to three family caregivers per patient managed each scenario. A video-based debriefing focused on identifying and closing performance gaps. Participants rated their perceptions regarding each curricular element and its relative impact on their preparedness for discharge. Results 87 family caregivers completed the curriculum. Simulation-enhanced curriculum was well-received by participants. Participants reported that post-simulation debriefing was the most beneficial component. We observed a trend toward reduced readmissions within 7 days of discharge since implementation of our revised curriculum. Conclusion Simulation training can be incorporated into discharge training for families of children requiring LTMV. Rehearsal of emergency management in a simulated clinical setting increases caregiver confidence to assume care for their ventilator-dependent child.
Current opinions in office-based rhinology.

Purpose of reviewThe care of rhinologic patients has undergone a remarkable transformation in recent years. With the advent of endoscopic sinus surgery and high-tech image-guided computer systems, the surgical care of patients with benign sinonasal disease has successfully transitioned from the main
Utopias and Markets: Introduction

Utopias, as calls for continuity or change, constitute a universal and ubiquitous mode of human thought. Humans, however, possess different notions of what constitutes “progress,” a “better future,” or a “golden age”. In economic thought, the discourse on utopias naturally leads to a discussion of marketsmarkets, their history and nature. The history of economic thought can be described as having oscillated between two competing visions of economic utopias, with one characterized by the ubiquity of markets and the other by their complete absence. Part 5 begins with a brief study of utopias, followed by an examination of the position of markets in the broader intellectual discourse on “progress” and social change. We then introduce an Islamic perspective to this discourse, by examining the Islamic view on what constitutes an ideal market.
Learning Science-Based Fitness Knowledge in Constructivist Physical Education

Teaching fitness-related knowledge has become critical in developing children's healthful living behavior. The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a science-based, constructivist physical education curriculum on learning fitness knowledge critical to healthful living in elementary school students. The schools (N = 30) were randomly selected from one of the largest school districts in the United States and randomly assigned to treatment curriculum and control conditions. Students in third, fourth, and fifth grade (N = 5,717) were pre- and posttested on a standardized knowledge test on exercise principles and benefits in cardiorespiratory health, muscular capacity, and healthful nutrition and body flexibility. The results indicated that children in the treatment curriculum condition learned at a faster rate than their counterparts in the control condition. The results suggest that the constructivist curriculum is capable of inducing superior knowledge gain in third-, fourth-, and fifth-grade children.
Endoplasmic reticulum acyltransferase with prokaryotic substrate preference contributes to triacylglycerol assembly in Chlamydomonas

Understanding the unique features of triacylglycerol (TAG) metabolism in microalgae may be necessary to realize the full potential of these organisms for biofuel and biomaterial production. In the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii a chloroplastic (prokaryotic) pathway has been proposed to play a major role in TAG precursor biosynthesis. However, as reported here, C. reinhardtii contains a chlorophyte-specific lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase, CrLPAAT2, that localizes to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membranes. Unlike canonical, ER-located LPAATs, CrLPAAT2 prefers palmitoyl-CoA over oleoyl-CoA as the acyl donor substrate. RNA-mediated suppression of CrLPAAT2 indicated that the enzyme is required for TAG accumulation under nitrogen deprivation. Our findings suggest that Chlamydomonas has a distinct glycerolipid assembly pathway that relies on CrLPAAT2 to generate prokaryotic-like TAG precursors in the ER.
On hydrodynamics of a planing plate in a laterally restricted channel

Abstract A problem of a planing surface moving steadily at finite Froude numbers in a laterally restricted seaway is considered in this note. A linearized potential flow method based on point sources is applied to model hydrodynamics of a planing plate. Numerical results are obtained and presented for the lift coefficient and the center of pressure. The variable parameters include the ratio of the channel width to the plate beam, beam-based Froude number, and nominal aspect ratio of the plate. A comparison is shown with empirical correlations for unrestricted seaway and with theoretical results for the limiting two-dimensional case.
Testing Utility of Organogeochemical Proxies to Assess Sources of Organic Matter, Paleoredox Conditions, and Thermal Maturity in Mature Marcellus Shale

It is generally accepted that in mature shales, biomarkers and pyrolysis proxies are not very helpful in understanding the source/type of organic matter (OM), paleo-redox conditions during deposition and thermal maturity. The purpose of the study study was conducted to test the efficacy of these proxies in mature Marcellus shale (VRo> 1). Samples were collected from oil-prone (WV-7) and gas-prone (WV-6) wells in Wetzel and Monongalia Counties, West Virginia, respectively. These wells were chosen for this test study because high-resolution geochemical and isotopic studies have previously been conducted on these cores and depositional model had been proposed. The model suggests that sediments in WV-6 well are more mature, received higher terrestrial OM influx and were deposited in less anoxic environment as compared to WV-7 well. We used an improved method to extract the small amount of biomarkers preserved in the samples. Further, the extracts were analyzed by a high-resolution GC×GC FID method to quantify the distribution of aliphatic biomarkers. The hydrogen and oxygen indices (HI vs. OI plot) determined by Source Rock Analysis could not be used to determine the kerogen type due to their very low values. However, interpretations were derived from S1 vs. S2 and S2/S3 vs. TOC cross plots, thermal maturity parameter (Tmax), fraction conversion of OM to hydrocarbon (HC), and residual carbon/pyrolysable carbon (RC/PC) ratio. The conclusions drawn from the biomarkers and SRA data are in agreement with the HC production data from these wells as well as interpretations derived from geochemical and isotopic studies conducted on these core. Therefore, we propose that despite some limitations biomarker and pyrolysis proxies can be used to determine the thermal and depositional history of mature shales like the Marcellus Shale.
Normal Semigroups of Partial Transformations, I

A semigroup S of transformations of an infinite set X is called G x-normal if it is invariant under conjugations by permutations of X. A semigroup S is normally generated by a transformation f if S is the smallest G x-normal semigroup containing f. In this paper we present a description of elements of semigroups normally generated by partial one-to-one transformations.
Quantification and the Nature of Crosslinguistic Variation

The standard analysis of quantification says that determiner quantifiers (such as every) take an NP predicate and create a generalized quantifier. The goal of this paper is to subject these beliefs to crosslinguistic scrutiny. I begin by showing that in St'a'imcets (Lillooet Salish), quantifiers always require sisters of argumental type, and the creation of a generalized quantifier from an NP predicate always proceeds in two steps rather than one. I then explicitly adopt the strong null hypothesis that the denotations of quantifiers should be crosslinguistically uniform. Since the Salish data cannot be captured by the usual analysis of English, I pursue the idea that English is reducible to the Salish pattern. Reanalysis of many English constructions is required. I argue that the reanalysis has advantages over the standard analysis for partitives, as well as for non-partitive all- and most-phrases, which I analyze as containing bare plurals of argumental type. Even where the new analysis faces some challenges (for example, with every), the attempt still leads to fruitful results. It forces us to view familiar constructions in a new light, and to redefine, I believe correctly, which quantificational constructions are ‘basic’ and which stand in need of further explanation.
Laparoscopy using a flexible endoscope

Forty patients underwent diagnostic laparoscopy with both the rigid and unmodified Olympus GIF P2 fiberendoscope. The safety and feasibility of the fiberoptic instrument used as a laparoscope were evaluated Advantages of the fiberoptic instrument included greater area of visualization; ease of peritoneal biopsy brushings and cytology, and flexibility in bypassing adhesions. No mechanical or infectious complications were encountered. Flexible fiberoptic laparoscopy proved complementary to the rigid instrument and may eventually replace it as in other areas of endoscopy.
Comparing evolutionary programs and evolutionary pattern search algorithms: a drug docking application

Evolutionary programs (EPs) and evolutionary pattern search algorithms (EPSAs) are two general classes of evolutionary methods for optimizing on continuous domains. The relative performance of these methods has been evaluated on standard global optimization test functions, and these results suggest that EPSAs more robustly converge to near-optimal solutions than EPs. In this paper we evaluate the relative performance of EPSAs and EPs on a real-world application: flexible ligand binding in the Autodock docking software. We compare the performance of these methods on a suite of docking test problems. Our results confirm that EPSAs and EPs have comparable performance, and they suggest that EPSAs may be more robust on larger, more complex problems.
The Methods - Five Components of Reading

If we are to agree with Nettles (2006) that one of the single most significant milestones in our students’ reading development is their ability to think about and verbalize sensitivity to the sounds of our language, then the teaching of phonemic awareness is vital to reading instruction. The reason for such significance includes the fact that children’s awareness of the sounds in the language underpins their ability to read the printed symbols of the language. As was mentioned in Chapter 1, several researchers believe reading disabilities in later grades can be accurately predicted by observing children’s attempts at literacy in pre-kindergarten and kindergarten classrooms.
Food frequency intakes and sociodemographic factors of elderly Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites.

A food frequency survey of 254 low-income, elderly (aged 60 to 96), free-living Mexican Americans and non-Hispanic whites was conducted as part of a larger study of the adjustment and health of older persons residing in a San Antonio barrio. Weekly intakes of selected foods were determined using the food frequency questionnaire from the Hispanic Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. We used t-tests to determine significance of difference in frequency of food consumption by ethnicity. The variance in consumption of selected foods was estimated with multiple regression analysis for the independent variables marital status, age, sex, education level, income, birthplace, and ethnicity. Ethnicity was the major variable influencing food intake. There were significant differences (p≤.05) between ethnic groups: Mexican Americans consumed eggs, poultry, legumes, organ meats, avocados/olives, flour tortillas, and sugar more frequently than non-Hispanic whites; they also used saturated fats in cooking more frequently than non-Hispanic whites; and they consumed skim milk, ice cream/ice milk, beef, all fruits or juices, all vegetables, breads, and oil/margarine less frequently than non-Hispanic whites. The results suggest that ethnicity plays a major role in predicting dietary patterns.
Chinampa Cultivation in the Basin of Mexico

Chinampa agriculture is one of the best known, yet least studied forms of intensive agriculture in Latin America. Despite the voluminous literature concerning this productive means of cultivation (e.g. Rojas 1983, 1985; Jimenez-Osorino et al., 1990) archaeological investigations of chinampa agriculture are virtually nonexistent. A few researchers have examined chinampas directly (most notably Avila 1991; 1992; Parsons et al., 1982; 1985), but their emphasis was generally on settlement, rather than the fields themselves (e.g. Parsons et al., 1982; 1985; Javier 1996; Corona 1996). Other than Avila’s precocious work, large scale studies of chinampas (as opposed to chinampa settlements) do not exist. The richness of the written record concerning chinampa agriculture has probably restrained field inquiry to some extent. However, as I intend to show, existing studies rarely exploit the fertile ground that lies between the written accounts and the archaeological realities. The history of chinampa agriculture is largely unknown, and awaits focussed and detailed study. Although we think we understand how these fields were constructed and maintained and what plants were grown on them, archaeological evidence of these attributes is minimal. The data summarized in this paper indicate that chinampa construction was considerably more variable than is traditionally recognized. Furthermore, the claims extending chinampa agriculture into the period before the Postclassic are currently unsupported by direct field evidence. In essence, my point is that we know precious little about the prehistory of chinampa agriculture.
Ecological Functions of Wetlands

We use the term “function” to mean processes or manifestations of processes. Wetlands probably have hundreds of functions, but only a small number are considered important to most people. Some values are based on aesthetics, such as beauty and naturalness, but many are economic, such as water quality improvement, wildlife hunting lease value, and sustainable timber production. Some of the values are considered to be negative, such as supporting mosquito populations. We classify functions as those that generally are captured by the landowner versus those that generally are external to the landowner to illuminate the fact that most of the economic value of most wetlands is external to the landowner.
Human Rights Prosecutions and Democracies at War in Comparative Perspective

This chapter puts the four empirical cases into comparative perspective, and it provides an analysis of the theoretical and substantive implications of the book’s central findings.
The Prediction of Negative Events Associated with Anxiety and Dietary Restraint: A Test of the Content Specificity Hypothesis

The prediction of future negative events was studied in a sample of undergraduate students varying on measures of anxiety and dietary restraint. Cognitive theories of psychopathology hypothesize that the emotional concerns of an individual determine which types of information are most often cognitively processed with a biased interpretation. This prediction has generally been called the content specificity hypothesis. Based upon this aspect of cognitive theory, we hypothesized that a high level of trait anxiety would be associated with higher ratings of the probability of future physically threatening events. In addition, it was hypothesized that a high level of dietary restraint would be associated with lower ratings of the probability of future occurrences of overeating. The results of the study supported these hypotheses. These prediction biases were found to be more pronounced in women, as compared to men. The findings were interpreted as supportive of the content specificity hypothesis.
Women (Re)making whiteness: the sexual exclusion of the fat “Black” Irish

Much of the extant whiteness literature treats “white” as a self-evident racial category and focuses largely on white men. Investigations into how the category transformed over time, and how or why...
Depression Treatment Is Not Associated With Improved Patient-Reported Outcomes Following Total Joint Arthroplasty.

Abstract Background The objective of this study was to investigate if there were differences in disease-specific, overall health, and activity outcomes after total joint arthroplasty (TJA) between treated and untreated depressed patients. Methods Patients who underwent primary, elective, unilateral TJA were divided into 3 groups based on self-reported history of depression and treatment at the time of surgery: 1) patients without depression, 2) patients with treated depression, and 3) patients with untreated depression. The primary outcomes were the differences in SF-12 PCS, SF-12 MCS, WOMAC, and UCLA activity rating scale up to 12 months postoperatively. A secondary outcome was the effect of depression treatment on patients’ perception of experiencing limitation in their activities due to depression. Univariate and mixed-effects model analyses were performed to control for potential confounding factors. Results The prevalence of depression was 189/749 (25%). Compared to patients with treated depression, untreated patients had lower baseline SF-12 MCS (P .05). In addition, depression treatment did not affect patients’ perception of activity limitation (P = .412). Conclusion Although it is clear that depression adversely impacts patient outcomes in primary TJA, treatment does not appear to mitigate this negative effect. Depression treatment does not necessarily imply resolution of depressive symptoms. Future studies should explore alternative interventions to reduce the health-related consequences of depression to optimize the outcomes of TJA.
Rationale and Design of the Emory Healthy Aging and Emory Healthy Brain Studies.

Understanding the relationships between health and aging is essential for delaying morbidity and maximizing independence in aging populations as life expectancies increase. Loss of cognitive function is a feared age-associated condition and growing public health concern. Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, has no curative therapies. Characterizing the relationships between risk factors, biomarkers, and AD progression is critical for the development of effective disease prediction, clinical intervention, and ultimately, disease prevention. The Emory Healthy Aging Study (EHAS) and the Emory Healthy Brain Study (EHBS), which is nested within EHAS, aim to further the understanding of healthy aging and the pathogenesis of age-related illnesses in well-characterized, community-based prospective cohorts and to identify biomarkers for the earliest manifestations of AD for the facilitation of preventative interventions. The EHAS is an innovative, longitudinal, web-based study enrolling English-speaking adults in the U.S. who agree to be contacted for future studies. Using validated instruments, the annual questionnaire enquires about demographics, socioeconomics, self-reported cognitive function, personal and family medical history, lifestyle, and psychosocial factors. Cognitive assessments are also obtained using an ambulatory device. Nested within EHAS, the EHBS is enrolling up to 2,500 EHAS participants, 50–75 years old, who do not have a diagnosis of AD, mild cognitive impairment, or any other memory disorder. EHBS in-person, biennial study visits, include neuropsychological testing, cardiovascular measures, retinal and brain imaging, biospecimen collection (blood, cerebrospinal fluid, gut microbiome), and other assessments. Since spring 2016, EHAS and EHBS have enrolled 12,500 and 863 participants with completed baseline assessments, respectively. Data and biospecimens from EHBS participants will support a broad range of AD biomarker discovery efforts, and follow-up of EHAS participants will enable assessment of self-reported cognitive trajectories and accumulation of incident cases of a variety of health conditions. The EHAS design supports the interval deployment of new study instruments and targeted sampling for ancillary studies. This project will increase our knowledge about healthy aging, improve our understanding of risk factors for cognitive impairment and dementias, support development of biomarkers, and facilitate studies of age-associated disorders including AD.
Exploratory Analysis of Chicago Taxi Rides

Taxi ride is still one of the most common and popular transportation methods, even if there are a lot of different options provided in a large city. In this paper, we utilize the taxi ride data in the city of Chicago, and analyze the factors that are influential in determining the fare of the taxi ride. We analyze the data and discover some interesting patterns in the taxi ride fares. We are also able to predict the most common method of payment by using regression and classification technique respectively.
A Global Review of Incentive Programs to Accelerate Energy-Efficient Appliances and Equipment

Incentive programs are an essential policy tool to move the market toward energy-efficient products. They offer a favorable complement to mandatory standards and labeling policies by accelerating the market penetration of energy-efficient products above equipment standard requirements and by preparing the market for increased future mandatory requirements. They sway purchase decisions and in some cases production decisions and retail stocking decisions toward energy-efficient products. Incentive programs are structured according to their regulatory environment, the way they are financed, by how the incentive is targeted, and by who administers them. This report categorizes the main elements of incentive programs, using case studies from the Major Economies Forum to illustrate their characteristics. To inform future policy and program design, it seeks to recognize design advantages and disadvantages through a qualitative overview of the variety of programs in use around the globe. Examples range from rebate programs administered by utilities under an Energy-Efficiency Resource Standards (EERS) regulatory framework (California, USA) to the distribution of Eco-Points that reward customers for buying efficient appliances under a government recovery program (Japan). We found that evaluations have demonstrated that financial incentives programs have greater impact when they target highly efficient technologies that have a small market share. We also found that the benefits and drawbacks of different program design aspects depend on the market barriers addressed, the target equipment, and the local market context and that no program design surpasses the others. The key to successful program design and implementation is a thorough understanding of the market and effective identification of the most important local factors hindering the penetration of energy-efficient technologies.
The Staphylococcus aureus Transcriptome during Cystic Fibrosis Lung Infection.

ABSTRACT Laboratory models have been invaluable for the field of microbiology for over 100 years and have provided key insights into core aspects of bacterial physiology such as regulation and metabolism. However, it is important to identify the extent to which these models recapitulate bacterial physiology within a human infection environment. Here, we performed transcriptomics (RNA-seq), focusing on the physiology of the prominent pathogen Staphylococcus aureusin situ in human cystic fibrosis (CF) infection. Through principal-component and hierarchal clustering analyses, we found remarkable conservation in S. aureus gene expression in the CF lung despite differences in the patient clinic, clinical status, age, and therapeutic regimen. We used a machine learning approach to identify an S. aureus transcriptomic signature of 32 genes that can reliably distinguish between S. aureus transcriptomes in the CF lung and in vitro. The majority of these genes were involved in virulence and metabolism and were used to improve a common CF infection model. Collectively, these results advance our knowledge of S. aureus physiology during human CF lung infection and demonstrate how in vitro models can be improved to better capture bacterial physiology in infection. IMPORTANCE Although bacteria have been studied in infection for over 100 years, the majority of these studies have utilized laboratory and animal models that often have unknown relevance to the human infections they are meant to represent. A primary challenge has been to assess bacterial physiology in the human host. To address this challenge, we performed transcriptomics of S. aureus during human cystic fibrosis (CF) lung infection. Using a machine learning framework, we defined a “human CF lung transcriptome signature” that primarily included genes involved in metabolism and virulence. In addition, we were able to apply our findings to improve an in vitro model of CF infection. Understanding bacterial gene expression within human infection is a critical step toward the development of improved laboratory models and new therapeutics.
Exploring Superior Distribution Practices in the Paper Industry

Studies on effective distribution practices specific to the paper industry are largely non-existent. Therefore, through our exploratory research, we first identify key elements of physical distribution in existing literature. Secondly, we empirically investigate the extent to which these elements influence non-cost-based (such as inventory turnover, order fulfillment etc.) measures of distribution performance in the paper industry. Using a sample of 95 National Paper Trade Association member firms, we create three performance groups (low, medium, and high). Then, we use analysis of variance (ANOVA) to test for any differences in the adoption of the physical distribution elements among these groups. Further, through partial least squares regression analysis, we attempt to identify those elements of physical distribution which may be most critical in explaining the differences in distribution performance. Our results provide general supportfor the importance of the key elements identified in this study.
INTRODUCTION: TEXTS, CONTEXTS, AND THE HISTORY OF PSYCHOANALYSIS: FORUM ON DAGMAR HERZOG, COLD WAR FREUD: PSYCHOANALYSIS IN AN AGE OF CATASTROPHE

The title of Dagmar Herzog's exciting new book, Cold War Freud: Psychoanalysis in an Age of Catastrophes, immediately raises a series of questions. If we understand the Cold War as a particular moment in history ranging from the 1940s to the 1980s, but also as a time of intense politicization, we might wonder about the juxtaposition of “Cold War” and “Freud”—the juxtaposition of history and politics with psychoanalysis. When Freud invented psychoanalysis at the end of the nineteenth century, his primary motivation was to treat individuals in their idiosyncrasy through the “talking cure” and the process of transference with the analyst. In that sense, psychoanalysis, at least as Freud exposed it in his initial case studies, had little to say about collective phenomena such as politics. Furthermore, in his more theoretical writings, one of Freud's explicit goals was to develop a theory of subjectivity that went beyond historical specificity. Of course, social and familial configurations affected the psyche in distinctive ways, but neurosis, psychosis, and perversion were subjective structures rather than historical developments. Freud's main concepts—whether it be the unconscious, the drives, desire, the Oedipus complex—characterized human subjectivity in general. They pointed to the uniqueness of the self as opposed to the animal who was ultimately governed by nature, biology, and instincts. In other words, at first glance, Freudian psychoanalysis was not meant to be historical or political.
Brief on Behalf of Former Federal Prosecutors and High-Ranking Department of Justice Officials in United States v. Flynn

This amicus curiae brief is submitted in United States v. Flynn, the criminal prosecution of former National Security Advisor Michael Flynn. It is authored by Professor Andrew Manuel Crespo and attorneys from Protect Democracy, on behalf of former federal prosecutors and high-ranking Department of Justice officials. The brief argues that the court has not only the authority but also the responsibility to review the government's motion to dismiss the case against Flynn with care, and to deny the motion if a dismissal would be contrary to the public interest. The brief analyzes the substantive defects in the government's argument that Flynn's acknowledged lies to the FBI were not "material" within the meaning of 18 USC 1001. And it explains why all of the publicly available evidence to date indicates that the motion to dismiss was motivated by a desire to satisfy the president's personal political interest, and thus contrary to the public interest as a matter of law.
Contextualizing Math-Related Strengths and Math Achievement: Positive Math Orientations, Social Supports and the Moderating Effects of Prior Math Knowledge

Ongoing policy discussions emphasize the need for more STEM professionals to keep the United States internationally competitive in scientific fields and industry. From a K-16 perspective, it is important to note that students’ trajectories into STEM professions are often shaped by their high school experiences—especially in mathematics. Accordingly, this study employs a strength-based framework to examine students’ high school math achievement with an emphasis on the role of their math-related personal and social strengths. This research uses data from the NCES High School Longitudinal Study, a large-scale national study that emphasizes students’ math outcomes. Moderated regression was utilized to examine associations between students’ high school math-related strengths and their math achievement, as well as how these relationships may differ based upon students’ prior math achievement. The findings suggest that a number of students’ strengths in math were positively related to their math achievement; however, some of these relationships differed base upon prior math achievement levels. Accordingly, while math-related strengths can be equally beneficial for students in some instances, in other instances there is a need to better understand these relationships with some nuance. Implications for K-16 STEM education policy, practice and research are discussed.
Success Central: Addressing the Persistence of African-American and Latinx College Students Using a Peer Success Coaching Intervention.

African-American and Latinx enrollment in higher education has increased dramatically in recent years at many predominantly White institutions. However, the graduation rates of these students are substantially lower than the general student population at many of these institutions. This study introduces “Success Central,” an innovative peer coaching initiative offered at a mid-size, comprehensive regional institution. Instead of post-graduate professionals employed as success coaches, which is the typical practice, upper-class undergraduate students were selected and trained in an innovative life coaching intervention designed to address the root causes of student attrition as established in the literature examining the academic and non-academic factors that contribute to early departure. Students met regularly with assigned peer coaches who supported them to address their challenges and accomplishment of their desired goals. The results of this program exceeded the objective of equal persistence rates between the underrepresented students of color who had received peer-coaching and their majority counterparts. Additionally, students who experienced this intervention reported an improvement in their perception of their college experiences and academic skills.
Investigating Linguistic Indicators of Generative Content in Enterprise Social Media

Teamwork is at the heart of most organizations today. Given increased pressures for organizations to be flexible, and adaptable, teams are organizing in novel ways, using novel technologies to be increasingly agile. One of these technologies that are increasingly used by distributed teams is Enterprise Social Media (ESM): web-based applications utilized by organizations for enabling communication and collaboration between distributed employees. ESM feature unique affordances that facilitate collaboration, including interactions that are generative: group conversations that entail the creation of innovative concepts and resolutions. These types of interactions are an important attraction for companies deciding to implement ESM. There is a unique opportunity offered for researchers in the field of HCI to study such generative interactions, as all contributions to an ESM platform are made visible, and therefore are available for analysis. Our goal in this preliminary study is to understand the nature of group generative interactions through their linguistic indicators. In this study, we utilize data from an ESM platform used by a multinational organization. Using a 1% sub sample of all logged group interactions, we apply machine-learning to classify text as generative or non-generative and extract the linguistic antecedents for the classified generative content. Our results show a promising method for investigating the linguistic indicators of generative content and provide a proof of concept for investigating group interactions in unobtrusive ways. Additionally, our results would also be able to provide an analytics tool for managers to measure the extent to which text-based tools, such as ESM, effectively nudge employees towards generative behaviors.
Phase field modeling of frictional slip with slip weakening/strengthening under non-isothermal conditions

Abstract Cracks, veins, joints, faults, and ocean crusts are strong discontinuities of different length scales that can be found in many geological formations. While the constitutive laws for the frictional slip of these interfaces have been the focus of decades-long geophysical research, capturing the evolving geometry such as branching, coalescence, and the corresponding interplay between frictional slip and the mode II crack growth in compression remains a challenging task. This work employs a phase field framework for frictional contact originated in Fei and Choo (2020), s.t. these strong discontinuities are represented by implicit functions and the frictional responses of the transitional damage zone is approximated by a diffusive constitutive law that captures the coupling between the bulk and interfacial plasticity. To replicate the rate dependence and size effects commonly exhibited in frictional interfaces, we propose a regularized constitutive law for the slip weakening/strengthening at different loading rates and temperature regimes. Numerical examples are provided to show that the regularized model may converge into the strong-discontinuity counterpart and capture the frictional response along geometrically complex interfaces.
Direct Electrochemical Pathways for Selenium Reduction in Aqueous Solutions

Direct electrochemical reduction provides a novel strategy for selenium removal from complex wastewaters. While electrochemical Se(IV) reduction is thermodynamically favorable, anion structure reor...
Atavisms in the avian hindlimb and early developmental polarity of the limb.

Background The naturally occurring chicken mutant talpid2 (ta2 ), best known for its limb and craniofacial defects, has long served as a valuable tool for developmental biologists studying growth and patterning of craniofacial structures and the limb. The mutant provides a unique tool to examine the molecular and cellular processes regulating limb development. Results This mutant also provides unique insights into the evolution of developmental genetic programs. Previous work defined the appearance of atavistic dentition in ta2 embryos. Herein we describe the appearance of ancestral characters of the hindlimb in embryonic ta2 chicken embryos. Conclusion As the ta2 phenotype arises as a result of mutation in C2CD3 and disrupted cilia function, this mutant provides genetic and developmental insight into the causes of asymmetry in the limb and also a model for the evolution of the avian hindlimb.
Significance Assessment in the Application of Spatial Analytics

The breadth of spatial analytics relied on in geography is remarkable. These methods are used to gain insight, typically in the context of planning, management, decision making, and policymaking. T...
Effects of Public Sector Wages on Corruption

The paper uses a new country-level, panel data set to study the effect of public sector wages on corruption. The results show that wage inequality in the public sector is an important determinant of the effectiveness of anti-corruption policies. Increasing the wages of public officials could help reduce corruption in countries with low public sector wage inequality. In countries where public sector wages are highly unequal, however, raising the wages of government employees could increase corruption. These results are robust to a wide range of empirical model specifications, estimation methods, and distributional assumptions. The relation persists when controlling for latent omitted variables, using the share of contracts in the private sector as an instrument for the public-private wage differential. Combining increases in public sector wages with policies affecting the wage distribution could help policy makers design cost-effective programs to reduce corruption in their countries.
Dynamic Mode Decomposition of Elliptical Liquid Jets in Crossflow

Dynamics of round and elliptical liquid jets in subsonic crossflow is studied using high-speed imaging technique. The experiments are performed at constant gaseous weber number and liquid-gas momen...
QTc prolongation in cannabis hyperemesis syndrome patients exposed to antiemetics: A retrospective chart review

Abstract Objective To evaluate the risk of QT prolongation in patients treated for Cannabis Hyperemesis Syndrome (CHS) in the emergency department. Methods This was a retrospective comprehensive chart review of patients in the University of Colorado Health Emergency Department. Charts were identified by ICD9/10 codes from January 1, 2012 to December 31, 2014 for cannabis use and data were manually abstracted. We performed chi-square and odds ratios, stratified by drug, to determine differences in medication induced QTc prolongation and performed logistic regression to predict prolongation greater than 500 ms. We captured adverse events from medications as a secondary outcome. Results We found 282 cases of CHS during the study period. There were no significant differences between the median post-medication QTc value stratified by drug when all medications were analyzed simultaneously. A multiple logistic regression model showed that only a potassium below 3.0 mmol/L predicted QT prolongation greater than 500 msec. Conclusion Anti-emetics used to treat CHS did not result in significant QTC prolongation in this cohort.
Effects of hygrothermal conditioning on epoxy adhesives used in FRP composites

Durability of FRP composites and their bond to concrete is essential to structural integrity of an FRP repair. Epoxy adhesives are used to form FRP composites, and as a bonding medium between the FRP and concrete substrate. Susceptibility of epoxy to the negative effects of water and high temperature affects the longevity of FRP repairs in hygrothermal environmental conditions. The presented work investigates the effects of such environments on the curing kinetics of epoxy. Competing effects of plasticization and post-cure during accelerated conditioning are discussed; recommendations targeting researchers, practitioners, and manufacturers are made based on the research findings.
Synthesis of Embryonic Hemoglobins during Erythroid Cell Development in Fetal Mice

Abstract Three embryonic hemoglobins are formed in erythroid cells derived from yolk sac blood islands in fetal mice of the C57BL/6J strain. These cells provide a suitable model to study the rates of synthesis of specific proteins during the differentiation of cells. Erythroid cells differentiate initially in yolk sac blood islands from the 8th to the 10th day of gestation. (Fetal mice have a 20- to 21-day period of gestation.) These cells enter the fetal circulation and continue to develop as a relatively homogeneous population until Day 14 or 15, as indicated by a progressive decrease in the size of the nucleus, increasing pycnosis of nuclear chromatin, increasing content of hemoglobin in the cytoplasm, and decreasing content of ribosomes in the cytoplasm. The relative rates of synthesis of the three embryonic hemoglobins, Hb Ei, Hb Eii, and Hb Eiii, change as these erythroid cells differentiate. The synthesis of Hb Ei, the most abundant of the hemoglobins present at Day 10, decreases markedly after Day 11, while the synthesis of Hb Eii proceeds at a relatively linear rate over the entire period and by Day 12 is present in the largest amount. Hb Eiii is formed at a slower rate than Hb Ei or Hb Eii during the entire period from Day 10 to Day 14. Hemoglobin formation in yolk sac erythroid cells is not inhibited by actinomycin D from Day 10, while the antibiotic does inhibit RNA formation and non-heme protein synthesis in these cells. It is suggested that changes in rates of synthesis of the three embryonic hemoglobins which occur as yolk sac erythroid cells develop between Days 10 and 14 may be largely determined by factors regulating protein formation which do not require the immediate or continued synthesis of RNA.
Climatological Variability of Sulfur Depositions in Europe

The climatological variability in historical and projected S deposition levels for Europe have been simulated using a simple source-receptor model that runs on a personal computer (RCDM) using an extended period of wind and precipitation data. The variability in historical temperature and precipitation data has been analyzed to assess the representativeness of the limited meteorological period used in the EMEP model (1978–1982). A match-up between 40 selected EMEP monitoring sites and the closest climatological station showed the 5-yr average for the EMEP period (1978–1982) and the 35-yr precipitation amounts in generally good agreement for the majority of sites. Comparisons between the RCDM model simulations using the IIASA base 1980 SO2 emissions and the 1978–1982 average precipitation amounts showed the model predictions were generally within a factor of two of the EMEP concentrations and depositions at 40 selected sites. The sensitivity of model evaluation results to ‘free parameter’ tuning and the appropriateness of the resulting ‘free parameters’ requires more analysis. The total S depositions at the IIASA receptors predicted by the RCDM model under base year 1980 emissions showed very small differences between the predicted total S depositions for the 1978–1982 EMEP period and the 1951–1985 normal period. The long-period variability in annual total S depositions simulated by the RCDM with constant emissions showed the largest fluctuations in the mid-1970s and showed that the means and C.V.s were not significantly different between the time periods of interest. It is recommended that additional source areas for the Soviet Union be added to the model and the sensitivity to country emission and area centroid locations be explored.
Magnetism and colossal magnetoresistance in the compound Sr14MnSb11

The magnetization and resistivity of single crystals of the ferromagnetic compound Sr14MnSb11 are measured as functions of magnetic field, temperature, and crystal orientation. The uniform magnetic susceptibility is used to identify TC=39 K. The ferromagnetic state is found to have a hard axis (c axis) anisotropy. The resistivity data place the compound in the class of colossal magnetoresistance (CMR) materials such as Ca-doped LaMnO3. The data are also compared to the related CMR material Eu14MnSb11.
Mean time between failures (MTBF) and availability of the gyrotron system used on the microwave tokamak experiment at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory

S.W. Ferguson, D.B. Seilhymer, M. Jackson, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore California 94550. This paper presents an analysis of the mean time between failures (MTBF) and availability history of the Varian VGT8140, 400 kWatt, 140 GHz gyrotron that was operated on the Microwave Tokamak Experiment (MTX) at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL).
Mars Exploration Rover Thermal Test Program Overview

In January 2004, two Mars Exploration Rovers (MER) landed on the surface of Mars to begin their mission as robotic geologists. A year prior to these historic landings, both rovers and the spacecraft that delivered them to Mars, were completing a series of environmental tests in facilities at the Jet Propulsion Laboratory. This paper describes the test program undertaken to validate the thermal design and verify the workmanship integrity of both rovers and the spacecraft. The spacecraft, which contained the rover within the aeroshell, were tested in a 7.5 m diameter thermal vacuum chamber. Thermal balance was performed for the near earth (hot case) condition and for the near Mars (cold case) condition. A solar simulator was used to provide the solar boundary condition on the solar array. IR lamps were used to simulate the solar heat load on the aeroshell for the off-sun attitudes experienced by the spacecraft during its cruise to Mars. Each rover was tested separately in a 3.0 m diameter thermal vacuum chamber over conditions simulating the warmest and coldest expected Mars diurnal temperature cycles. The environmental tests were conducted in a quiescent nitrogen atmosphere at a pressure of 8 to 10 Torr. In addition to thermal balance testing, the science instruments on board the rovers were tested successfully in the extreme environmental conditions anticipated for the mission. A solar simulator was not used in these tests.
Using standing-wave electroabsorption modulators to generate 40 GHz optical pulses

Summary from only given. We deliberately constructed electrical standing-wave patterns in the electroabsorption modulator (EAM) to increase the electro optical response and generate shorter pulses. The EAM used in this work is similar to previous traveling-wave EAMs. The geometry is shown schematically. The most significant difference is that the end of the CPW line is left open instead of terminated by a resistor.