cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
POPULATION ENERGETICS OF BACTERIAL-FEEDING NEMATODES: STAGE-SPECIFIC DEVELOPMENT AND FECUNDITY RATES

By grazing on bacteria, bacterial-feeding nematodes participate in decomposition food webs and N mineralization to an extent determined by metabolic and behavioral attributes and by life history. We determined the stage-specific development and fecundity rates for seven species on a physiological time scale to allow time and temperature-varying predictions of population progressions. Development from egg to adult of four species in the Rhabditidae (Bursilla labiata, Caenorhabditis elegans, Cruznema tripartitum and Rhabditis cucumeris) was faster than that for three species in the Cephalobidae (Acrobeloides bodenheimeri, A. buetschlii and Cephalobus persegnis) on a Julian time (calendar) basis at 20°C. Development in the Rhabditidae was generally faster on a physiological (degree-day) time scale as well, but those times are not directly comparable as the basal threshold for degree-day (DD) accumulation differed among the species. The fecundity period for females of the seven species varied between 55 and 75% of the total duration of the life course, during which they produced between 125 eggs (B. labiata) and 567 eggs (C. tripartitum). Simulated population growth under favorable temperature conditions, using parameter values determined in these studies, indicated rapid population growth in the large-bodied, highly-fecund rhabditid species (R. cucumeris and C. tripartitum). Population growth was intermediate in the small-bodied, less-fecund rhabditids with short egg-production periods (B. labiata), slower in the cephalobids (A. bodenheimeri and A. buetschlii) and slowest in C. persegnis. R. cucumeris spent a greater proportion of its development time in the egg stage than did any of the other species.
Antipodal Gray codes

Abstract An n-bit Gray code is a circular listing of the 2n n-bit strings so that successive strings differ only in one bit position. An n-bit antipodal Gray code has the additional property that the complement of any string appears exactly n steps away in the list. The problem of determining for which values of n antipodal Gray codes can exist was posed by Hunter Snevily, who showed them to be possible for n=1,2,3, and 4. In this paper, we show they are not possible for odd n>3 or for n=6. However, we provide a recursive construction to prove existence when n is a power of 2. The question remains open for any even n>6 which is not a power of 2.
Eleazar Albin in Don Saltero's coffee-house in 1736: how the Jamaican mango hummingbird got its name, Trochilus mango

The Jamaican hummingbird that Eleazar Albin called the "Mango Bird", which was the basis for the Linnean name Trochilus mango, is shown likely to have been based on a specimen he saw in Don Saltero's Coffee-House in Chelsea, London, in 1736, that was probably a gift of Sir Hans Sloane. The name "mango-bird" has long been in wide use for certain south Asian orioles, especially the Indian Golden Oriole (Oriolus kundoo), at least one specimen and nest of which was also on display in Don Saltero's. Albin's text concerning two species of Jamaican hummingbirds contains numerous dubious or erroneous statements and his use of "Mango Bird" for the hummingbird was most likely a lapsus confounding another bird he had heard of at Don Saltero's, particularly in light of the fact that the mango tree (Mangifera indica) was not introduced into Jamaica until 1782. Thus, the modern use of the word "mango" in connection with an entire group of hummingbirds arose through a purely fortuitous mistake and the birds never had any association with the mango tree.
Two-step optogalvanic effect using intersecting laser beams: A pinpoint discharge diagnostic

Abstract Electric fields in the cathode fall region of a glow discharge are accurately measured in a small volume defined by the intersection of two laser beams. The fields are determined from linear Stark effects in Rydberg levels. The Rydberg atoms are produced via a two-step laser excitation and detected with optogalvanic effects.
Grandeur et déclin d’une science au service de l’Église : Sociographie et sociologie religieuses au Québec (1945-1970)

Le present article s’interesse aux travaux des sociologues catholiques quebecois dans les annees 1950 et 1960. Dans la premiere partie, nous insistons sur le caractere ancillaire de la sociologie par rapport a l’institution religieuse. Dans la deuxieme partie, nous nous penchons sur les enquetes lancees a l’occasion de la mise sur pied des « Grandes Missions » regionales. Enfin, dans la derniere partie, nous entendons relever certains motifs de resistances et d’indifference croissante du clerge envers la sociologie religieuse. Ce faisant, nous esperons offrir une lorgnette differente pour apprehender l’essor des sciences sociales au Quebec.
Morcellation and myomas: Balancing decisions around minimally invasive treatments for fibroids

Minimally invasive surgery (MIS) is increasingly being used to treat uterine fibroids because of the significant patient and societal benefits of these techniques over traditional laparotomy. Morcellation affords the removal of large fibroids in MIS but carries the risk of disseminating occult malignant tissue. The benefits of MIS for treating fibroids must be carefully weighed against its risks of morcellation.
A data-driven, cooperative wind farm control to maximize the total power production

This study investigates the feasibility of using a data-driven optimization approach to determine the coordinated control actions of wind turbines that maximize the total wind farm power production. Conventionally, for a given wind condition, an individual wind turbine maximizes its own power production without taking into consideration the conditions of other wind turbines. Under this greedy control strategy, the wake formed by the upstream wind turbine, resulting in reduced wind speed and increased turbulence intensity inside the wake, would affect and lower the power productions of the downstream wind turbines. To increase the overall wind farm power production, cooperative wind turbine control approaches have been proposed to coordinate the control actions that mitigate the wake interference among the wind turbines and would thus increase the total wind farm power production. This study explores the use of a data-driven approach to identify the optimum coordinated control actions of the wind turbines using limited amount of data. Specifically, we study the feasibility of the Bayesian Ascent (BA) algorithm, a probabilistic optimization algorithm based on non-parametric Gaussian Process regression technique, for the wind farm power maximization problem. The BA algorithm is employed to maximize an analytical wind farm power function that is constructed based on wind farm configurations and wind conditions. The results show that the BA algorithm can achieve a monotonic increase in the total wind farm power production using a small number of function evaluations and has the potentials to be used for real-time wind farm control.
Kappa light chain nephropathy.

Kappa light chain nephropathy is described in a 45- year-old man who presented with weight loss, anorexia, and unexplained renal failure.
Informative Correlations among Metrics of Yellowstone Lake Cutthroat Trout Caught by Two Quantitative Methods across Three Recent Decades

Abstract The Yellowstone Cutthroat Trout Oncorhynchus clarkii bouvieri (YCT) of Yellowstone Lake, in Yellowstone National Park, Wyoming, is an iteroparous fish and obligate stream spawner. The size and several other attributes of the annual YCT spawning run in one lake tributary, Clear Creek, have been periodically estimated for several decades. The trends in that run's metrics have been assumed to depict the trends in the lake's YCT population as a whole, although such associations had not been substantiated by statistical analyses. The present study revealed strong correlations between metrics of YCT in the run (years 1977–2007) and of “prespawner” YCT (i.e., mature fish whose excised gonads indicated that the fish would have spawned the next year) caught in gill nets set in various lake locations the preceding fall. Data for both capture methods also revealed a negative effect of spawning population density on YCT somatic growth, which is known to be positively associated with fecundity. This study sho...
Pathology: the conundrum of changing demand and appropriate funding

It is more than 25 years since movement in rebates for pathology have been adjusted by negotiations based on the movement of the costs of provision of services. The pathology industry has relied on growth in demand and industry restructuring to deliver an efficiency dividend to the community and profit to providers. The industry faces decreasing opportunity for efficiency gains and continued growth in demand is not guaranteed. The public sector suffers collateral damage as those services provided by them to private or community based patients are delivered without the opportunity to achieve the efficiencies of the private industry. With an increasing range of tests and an increased emphasis on preventative medicine, the challenge is to provide sufficient funds to underwrite the current and future appropriate use of pathology. The Commonwealth, as the major underwriter of health services, needs our input to decide how to get best value out of the available funds and be confident that the money spent delivers necessary services of an acceptable quality and that they are affordable and accessible to our community. They do not readily invite our strategic involvement and are wary of those inputs which appear to be based on self-interest. The enviable quality of Australian pathology is threatened by the absence of an effective strategic interface between laboratory professionals, funders and the community.
Electrodes for Functional Neuralmuscular Stimulation

Electrodes for FNS were fabricated by photolithographic techniques from foils of Mo, Ta, and stainless steel with lateral dimensions of 1–3 mm and thickness of about 50 μm. More recent designs have utilized a Si carrier with either a Pt or diffused Si track terminated by Au electrodes. Biocompatibility studies conducted on frogs and rabbits indicate good stability of electrodes coated with SiO by plasma deposition. Carriers did not move after implantation and did not show signs of corrosion. The diffused Si design is now preferred since electrode tracks are sub-surface, tracks may be electrically and biologically insulated by SiO2, all fabrication steps are compatible with standard integrated circuit processing such that electronics may be integrated on the carrier with the electrode tracks, and small dimensions are easily attained.
Key Problems in Ontology Modeling of Smart Grid Knowledge Based on RDF

The development of smart grid constitutes more urgent demand for the representation and application of electricity system domain knowledge. Ontology technology provides a new way to meet the demand,and has made application in some related fields. This paper briefly introduces the basic concepts of ontology,and studies such key problem as modeling process of RDF-based smart grid knowledge ontology and basic semantic relations. Then a modeling example is illustrated to verify the operability of the ontology modeling process,as well as the practicability of ontology basic semantic relations.
Effect of Nitrogen Concentration on Temperature Dependent Mechanical Properties of Vanadium

ABSTRACT The critical resolved shear stress and strain rate sensitivity of vanadium were determined for vanadium-nitrogen alloys over the temperature range of 77K to 400K for concentrations of 1 to 500 wt ppm nitrogen. The concentration dependence of the hardening rate agrees quite well with either the Fleischer or Labusch strengthening model but the combined temperature and concentration dependence follows more closely the form predicted by Ono and Sommer. The strain rate sensitivity exhibits a peak at 140K which decreases with increasing nitrogen content but above 250K there is a reversal in this effect.
Stereocontrolled Total Synthesis of Muraymycin D1 Having a Dual Mode of Action against Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A stereocontrolled first total synthesis of muraymycin D1 (1) has been achieved. The synthetic route is highly stereoselective, featuring (1) selective β-ribosylation of the C2-methylated amino ribose, (2) selective Strecker reaction, and (3) ring-opening reaction of a diastereomeric mixture of a diaminolactone to synthesize muraymycidine (epi-capreomycidine). The acid-cleavable protecting groups for secondary alcohol and uridine ureido nitrogen are applied for simultaneous deprotections with the Boc and tBu groups. Muraymycin D1 (1) and its amide derivatives (2 and 3) exhibited growth inhibitory activity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MIC50 = 1.56–6.25 μg/mL) and strong enzyme inhibitory activities against the bacterial phosphotransferases (MurX and WecA) (IC50 = 0.096–0.69 μM).
Anomalous midline common ostium of the left and right inferior pulmonary veins: implications for pulmonary vein isolation in atrial fibrillation.

A 41-year-old man with a history of paroxysmal symptomatic atrial fibrillation refractory to antiarrhythmic drug therapy was referred for pulmonary vein (PV) isolation. Before the procedure, he underwent standard cardiac computed tomographic angiography to evaluate left atrium and PV anatomy, which revealed single right and left superior PVs, each with a moderate-sized ostium. However, the right and left inferior PVs originated from a common and unusually large ostium in the midpostero-inferior left atrium (Figure). Using a double trans-septal approach, an 8-mm tip deflectable ablation catheter and a 20-pole LASSO catheter were inserted …
"Heating Up and Cooling Down: Relationship Conflict, Emotion Regulation, and Team Processes"

Conceptualizing relationship conflict as a threat to team members, we examined the relationship between relationship conflict and change in critical team processes in thirty-five project teams over...
Passivity of time-delayed whole-body operational space control with series elastic actuation

Whole-Body Control has been extensively used to achieve humanoid robot force and motion tasks simultaneously during recent years. However, most existing results have not incorporated low-level actuator dynamics and time delays yet. In this study, we propose a novel time-delayed Whole-Body Operational Space control (WBOSC) with series elastic actuator (SEA) dynamics. This type of controller generalizes our previously proposed distributed control structure to multi-input and multi-output free floating humanoid robotic systems. Namely, Cartesian stiffness control is adopted to design the WBOSC at the centralized level while motor damping control is implemented at the embedded level to remedy the stability deterioration caused by time delays. Additionally, embedded-level torque feedback control is formulated and physically interpreted as a shaping of the motor inertia. To ensure passivity, we separate the overall system into two subsystems interconnected in a feedback configuration. By the Lyapunov-Krasovskii functional technique, we propose a delay-dependent passivity criterion of the closed-loop system in the form of linear matrix inequalities (LMIs), and solve for the allowable maximum time delays via the passivity criterion. Numerical simulations of a dynamic locomotion process are used to validate the proposed passivity criterion and the WBOSC framework.
Regulators of mitochondrial quality control differ in subcutaneous fat of metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese monkeys.

Objective Obesity exists with and without accompanying cardiometabolic disease, termed metabolically unhealthy obesity (MUO) and healthy obesity (MHO), respectively. Underlying differences in the ability of subcutaneous (SQ) fat to respond to nutrient excess are emerging as a key pathway. This study aimed to document the first spontaneous animal model of MHO and MUO and differences in SQ adipose tissue. Methods Vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops; N = 171) were screened for metabolic syndrome. A subset of MHO and MUO monkeys (n = 6/group) had SQ fat biopsies collected for histological evaluations and examination of key mitochondrial proteins. Results Obesity was seen in 20% of monkeys, and within this population, 31% were healthy, which mirrors human prevalence estimates. MUO monkeys had more than 60% lower adiponectin concentrations despite similar fat cell size, uncoupling protein 3, and activated macrophage abundance. However, alternatively activated/anti-inflammatory macrophages were 70% lower. Deficiencies of 50% or more in mitochondrial quality control regulators and selected mitochondrial fission and fusion markers were observed in the SQ fat of MUO monkeys despite comparable mitochondrial content. Conclusions A novel and translatable spontaneously obese animal model of MHO and MUO, occurring independently of dietary factors, was characterized. Differences in mitochondrial quality and inflammatory cell populations of subcutaneous fat may underpin divergent metabolic health.
VEGFA links self-renewal and metastasis by inducing Sox2 to repress miR-452, driving Slug

Cancer stem cells (CSC) appear to have increased metastatic potential, but mechanisms underlying this are poorly defined. Here we show that VEGFA induction of Sox2 promotes EMT and tumor metastasis. In breast lines and primary cancer culture, VEGFA rapidly upregulates SOX2 expression, leading to SNAI2 induction, EMT, increased invasion and metastasis. We show Sox2 downregulates miR-452, which acts as a novel metastasis suppressor to directly target the SNAI2 3'-untranslated region (3'-UTR). VEGFA stimulates Sox2- and Slug-dependent cell invasion. VEGFA increases lung metastasis in vivo, and this is abrogated by miR-452 overexpression. Furthermore, SNAI2 transduction rescues metastasis suppression by miR-452. Thus, in addition to its angiogenic action, VEGFA upregulates Sox2 to drive stem cell expansion, together with miR-452 loss and Slug upregulation, providing a novel mechanism whereby cancer stem cells acquire metastatic potential. Prior work showed EMT transcription factor overexpression upregulates CSC. Present work indicates that stemness and metastasis are a two-way street: Sox2, a major mediator of CSC self-renewal, also governs the metastatic process.
Role of tear location on outcomes of open primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament: A systematic review of historical studies.

Abstract Background The general opinion is that outcomes of open primary repair of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the historical literature were disappointing. Since good outcomes of primary repair of proximal tears have recently been reported, we aimed to assess the role of tear location on open primary repair outcomes in the historical literature. Methods All studies reporting outcomes of open primary ACL repair published between the inception of PubMed, Embase and Cochrane and 2000 were identified. Studies were included if tear location was reported. Outcome scores, return to sports, stability examinations, failures and patient satisfaction were collected and reviewed in the total study cohort and in a subgroup of studies treating only proximal tears. Spearman correlation analysis was performed between the percentage of proximal tears in the studies and all outcomes. Results Twenty-nine studies were included reporting outcomes of open primary in 1457 patients of which 72% had proximal and 23% midsubstance tears. Mean age was 30 years, 65% were males, and mean follow-up was 3.6 years. Good outcomes were noted in the total cohort, and excellent outcomes were noted following repair of proximal tears. Positive correlation was found between the percentage proximal tears in the studies and percentage satisfied patients (p = 0.010). Conclusion Tear location seems to have played a role on the outcomes of open primary ACL repair. Outcomes of open primary repair in patients with proximal tears were excellent, which confirms there may be a potential role for primary repair as treatment for proximal ACL tears.
Effect of ligands on stability of H-Ras GTPase

The G domain of a small monomeric GTPase Ras contains a nucleotide-binding pocket and a magnesium-binding site essential for the Ras function in cellular signaling. The G domain also has another (allosteric) ion-binding site on the rear surface of the G domain, which function is still unknown. In this paper, we detailed the effect of calcium and magnesium ions on stability of Ras bound to GDP, GTP, and GTP-mimic GppNHp. We revealed that the remote allosteric ion-binding site contributes very significantly to stability of Ras in the GDP-bound conformation, but nearly not at all - when Ras is bound to a GTP mimic. These findings highlight that further studies of the remote ion-binding site are warranted to reveal its role in the Ras function.
The Convergence of Security and Usability: Defining a Framework for Mobile Design

Security and usability have traditionally been at odds in the design process [1]. In spite of this, the usability of security is widely recognized as a key component of security effectiveness[2-4] Design principles for good security have been designed by security experts [5]. Similarly principles for designed usability have also been created by usability experts [6-8]. In both cases the design principles were defined for the traditional workstation environment, instead of the mobile environment. This study examines both security and usability design principles for conflict or convergence, specifically in relation to a mobile environment. The resulting framework of combined security-usability principles identifies which design principles are critical for success in the mobile environment.
Comparative Life Cycle Assessment of Advanced Wastewater Treatment Processes for Removal of Chemicals of Emerging Concern

The potential health effects associated with contaminants of emerging concern (CECs) have motivated regulatory initiatives and deployment of energy- and chemical-intensive advanced treatment processes for their removal. This study evaluates life cycle environmental and health impacts associated with advanced CEC removal processes, encompassing both the benefits of improved effluent quality as well as emissions from upstream activities. A total of 64 treatment configurations were designed and modeled for treating typical U.S. medium-strength wastewater, covering three policy-relevant representative levels of carbon and nutrient removal, with and without additional tertiary CEC removal. The USEtox model was used to calculate characterization factors of several CECs with missing values. Stochastic uncertainty analysis considered variability in influent water quality and uncertainty in CEC toxicity and associated characterization factors. Results show that advanced tertiary treatment can simultaneously reduce nutrients and CECs in effluents to specified limits, but these direct water quality benefits were outweighed by even greater increases in indirect impacts for the toxicity-related metrics, even when considering order-of-magnitude uncertainties for CEC characterization factors. Future work should consider water quality aspects not currently captured in life cycle impact assessment, such as endocrine disruption, in order to evaluate the full policy implications of the CEC removal.
Uncertain Data: Representations, Query Processing, and Applications

Uncertain data is common in many emerging applications. In this chapter, we start by surveying a few applications in sensor networks, ubiquitous computing, and scientific databases that require managing uncertain and probabilistic data. We then present two approaches to meeting this requirement. In the first approach, we propose a rich treatment of probability distributions in the system, in particular the SPO framework and the SP-algebra. In the second approach, we stay closer to a traditional DBMS, extended with tuple probabilities or attribute probability distributions, and study the semantics and efficient processing of queries.
Moral Economy and Economy of Affection

‘Moral economy’ and ‘economy of affection’ have different yet related meanings. They both assume that human choice and behavior are not determined by material interest only. The difference lies primarily in the empirical application of the two concepts. Moral economy refers to strategies that peasant farmers in fragile livelihoods adopt to ensure their safety and security. Economy of affection is applied more broadly focusing on how individuals, regardless of socioeconomic status, use relations with other persons to protect and promote their own interests.
Strengthening College Support Services to Improve Student Transitioning to Careers.

The article reviews challenges facing colleges including the need for actions to address new circumstances of educating college students and preparing them for productive roles following graduation. These challenges are balanced by resources colleges are developing to facilitate college-to-career transitioning to first destinations following graduation. In a review of support services offered by colleges the article identifies innovative programs that show potential for improved career support for students. Sources, including surveys of students and employers, published writing by leaders in education, and reported data from colleges, provide a present view of career support functions and suggest patterns of evolution. Colleges are strengthening their support to student’s department by department, but programs and activities across-departments need to be integrated to improve services for students. Leveraging synergies among campus support functions improves services to students. The use of student support case managers may eliminate the silos among college support functions. Designing programs around students and bridging gaps among support services can deliver more relevant and timely results. The article introduces the voices of students expressed in an upper division business course Management Theory and Practice. The actual words of students were acquired as byproducts of class assignments and course evaluations. Collecting these indirectly rather that as the focal point of student input lends a candid perspective. The comments interject both students’ requests for assistance and their appreciation for the support they received.
Tomographic Reconstruction Via 3D Convolutional Dictionary Learning

Convolutional sparse representation is an efficient tool regularly applied to image processing problems. In applications where the signal domain and measurement domain differ, such as computational tomography, additional effort is needed to apply the convolutional sparse representation model. We develop a novel convolutional dictionary learning framework that constructs a sparse representation in the signal domain and allows for accurate signal reconstruction from incomplete sets of measurements. Application of the proposed method on simulated parallel beam tomography with synthetic and experimental data demonstrates performance comparable to that of state-of-the-art reconstruction techniques.
TNFα-stimulated protein 6 (TSG-6) reduces lung inflammation in an experimental model of bronchopulmonary dysplasia.

Inflammation is a key factor in the pathogenesis of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Tumor necrosis factor–stimulated protein 6 (TSG-6) is a glycoprotein that modulates inflammation. Here we tested the hypothesis that intra-tracheal (IT) administration of an adenovirus overexpressing TSG-6 (AdTSG-6) would decrease inflammation and restore lung structure in experimental BPD. Newborn Sprague-Dawley rats exposed to normoxia (RA) or hyperoxia (85% O2) from postnatal day (P) 1–P14 were randomly assigned to receive IT AdTSG-6 or placebo (PL) on P3. The effect of IT AdTSG-6 on lung inflammation, alveolarization, angiogenesis, apoptosis, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and pulmonary hypertension were evaluated on P14. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA. TSG-6 mRNA was significantly increased in pups who received IT AdTSG-6. Compared to RA, hyperoxia PL-treated pups had increased NF-kβ activation and lung inflammation. In contrast, IT AdTSG-6 hyperoxia-treated pups had decreased lung phosphorylated NF-kβ expression and markers of inflammation. This was accompanied by an improvement in alveolarization, angiogenesis, pulmonary vascular remodeling, and pulmonary hypertension. IT AdTSG-6 decreases lung inflammation and improves lung structure in neonatal rats with experimental BPD. These findings suggest that therapies that increase lung TSG-6 expression may have beneficial effects in preterm infants with BPD.
‘Bad hombres’? An examination of identities in U.S. media coverage of immigration

When discussing immigration on the campaign trail in 2016, Republican presidential nominee Donald Trump used the term ‘bad hombres’ to criticise immigrants, and in particular Latino men. Using a no...
Design and Integration of a Novel Spatial Articulated Robotic Tail

In nature, tails are a key feature in numerous animals that help stabilize, maneuver, manipulate, and/or propel. However, prior research on robotic tails has focused on limited degree of freedom (DOF), pendulum-like structures designed for a single function. This paper presents a novel robotic tail system capable of spatial motion to generate spatial loading. The roll–revolute–revolute robotic tail (R3RT) is a serpentine robotic structure with a roll-DOF at the tail base, and two independently actuated coplanar bending segments composed of several links connected by parallel revolute joints. A dynamic model of the tail is presented, along with considerations for sensing the robot's state and controlling the tail. The inertial loading capabilities of the tail are analyzed using the dynamics model and experimentally validated using an integrated prototype of the R3RT to present loading analysis and the performance benefits of tail articulation. Results of the analysis are promising and indicate clear directions for improvement in a future work.
Coronary Chronic Total Occlusion (CTO): A Review

Coronary artery chronic total occlusions (CTO) are frequently encountered during coronary angiography; however percutaneous recanalization has historically been technically challenging and an important determinant for referral to coronary artery bypass surgery or for medical therapy alone. Recent advances in interventional equipment and innovative approaches to crossing CTO have significantly increased the success rate of percutaneous treatment. Although there is only one relevant randomized control trial (RCT) performed to date, several large, nonrandomized studies have consistently reported improvement in clinical outcomes, including improved survival and relief of angina, when successful percutaneous treatment of CTO was compared with unsuccessful revascularization. These positive observational results have encouraged the initiation of several RCTs which will provide more robust evidence on clinical outcomes of CTO-PCI compared with guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) alone.
Stigma Cities: The Reputation and History of Birmingham, San Francisco, and Las Vegas

Jonathan Foster. Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press, 2018. xiv and 274 pp., illustrations, notes, bibliography, index. $39.95 cloth (ISBN 978-0-8061-6071-9); $34.95 electronic (ISBN 978-0-806...
Social coordination problems in classical and Marxian political economy

This paper explores the application of information theory and game theory to questions arising in Adam Smith's Wealth of Nations and Karl Marx's critical reformulation of Smith's analysis in Capita...
Efficacy of alkyltrimethylammonium bromide for decontaminating salt-cured hides from the red heat causing moderately halophilic bacteria.

Conventionally, animal hide and skin necessitates 95% saturated brine solution (SBS) for its preservation. This salt is primarily derived from different sources including solar-saltern, evaporation ponds, etc., which are laden with different types of halophilic micro-organisms. Previous studies confirmed that the presence of moderately halophilic bacteria caused red heat on cured hide, which adversely affects the leather quality and causes substantial economic losses for leather industries. Thus, this investigation was carried out to examine the effects of different concentrations of alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (ATMB) on selected halophilic-bacteria attributed to the deterioration of hide quality. In nutrient broth solution (NBS), ATMB at 250 and 500 ppm reduced individual halo-bacteria, that is, Halomonas halodenitrificans, Halomonas eurihalina, Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus and Salimicrobium album, by averages of 0·64 and 1·90, 1·5 and 2·61, 0·90 and 2·27, 1·65 and 3·36 log CFU per ml respectively in 5 min. ATMB treatment in SBS at 500 ppm for 18 h resulted in a reduction of H. halodenitrificans, H. eurihalina, A. haloalkaliphilus and S. album by averages of 1·9, 1·25, 0·96 and 1·34 log CFU per ml respectively, when compared with the controls. Likewise, 5000 ppm ATMB reduced the cocktail population nearly to zero from that cultivated in SBS for 18 h. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: In this investigation, the inhibition of different halophilic bacteria that causes red heat in salt-preserved hides is described for the first time. The antimicrobial susceptibility test executed via solution procedures for selected halophilic bacterial strains (i.e. resistant to the salt environment) revealed significant efficacy of alkyltrimethylammonium bromide (ATMB). The current study suggests that, chemical compound like ATMB could be utilized to prevent red heat-related damage on salt-cured hides caused by halophilic bacteria, which is a persisting concern of the leather industry.
The asymmetries of pouvoir constituant mixte

This invited Symposium contribution discusses Jurgen Habermas's celebrated and influential theory of pouvoir constituant mixte. In that account, the EU is constituted by a double authority: that of citizens of nation‐states and that of (the same) citizens as subjects of the future EU. I argue that Habermas's theory is convincing only if the two constitution‐building subjects—citizens of the already constituted nation‐states and citizens of the to‐be‐constituted European Union—are positioned symmetrically in relation to each other. I argue that Habermas's construction is, in fact, asymmetrical. I identify three asymmetries: of expectations, of function and of origins. I argue that these asymmetries place the role of citizens as members of nation‐states in such an advantageous position that it would be irrational for citizens in their other capacity, as citizens of the to‐be‐constituted European Union, to participate in the constituent authority in the terms proposed and defended by Habermas
PE5-PPE4-EspG3 trimer structure from mycobacterial ESX-3 secretion system gives insight into cognate substrate recognition by ESX systems

ABSTRACT Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) has evolved numerous type VII secretion (ESX) systems to secrete multiple factors important for both growth and virulence across their cell envelope. Three such systems; ESX-1, ESX-3, and ESX-5; have been shown to each secrete a unique set of substrates. A large class of these substrates secreted by these three systems are the PE and PPE families of proteins. Proper secretion of the PE-PPE proteins requires the presence of EspG, with each system encoding its own unique copy. There is no cross-talk between any of the ESX systems and how each EspG is recognizing its subset of PE-PPE proteins is currently unknown. The only current structural characterization of PE-PPE-EspG trimers is from the ESX-5 system. Here we present the crystal structure of the PE5mt-PPE4mt-EspG3mm trimer, from the ESX-3 system. Our trimer reveals that EspG3mm interacts exclusively with PPE4mt in a similar manner to EspG5, shielding the hydrophobic tip of PPE4mt from solvent. The C-terminal helical domain of EspG3mm is dynamic, alternating between an ‘open’ and ‘closed’ form, and this movement is likely functionally relevant in the unloading of PE-PPE heterodimers at the secretion machinery. In contrast to the previously solved ESX-5 trimers, the PE-PPE heterodimer of our ESX-3 trimer is interacting with it’s chaperone at a drastically different angle, and presents different faces of the PPE protein to the chaperone. We conclude that the PPE-EspG interface from each ESX system has a unique shape complementarity that allows each EspG to discriminate amongst non-cognate PE-PPE pairs.
Epithelial to mesenchymal markers and clinical outcomes on erlotinib in stage IV non-small cell lung cancer patients.

e19117 Background: An epithelial phenotype in NSCLC is associated with improved sensitivity to EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI). The best method to identify this subset is unknown (Richardson ...
Bamboo-based Solar PV Tree System under improved solar power economic conditions

A solar PV tree system is an amalgamation of a solar tree configuration and a solar PV system, with the solar tree implemented through the power generation subsystem of the solar PV system. The combination of these two technologies can solve the intermittency issue of solar power as a variable renewable energy source and improve the solar irradiance gain of PV panels while addressing the land allocation issue of traditional PV panel configurations. Despite the improvements in the performance and design of solar power present in a solar PV tree system, there would be a considerable increase in the installation costs of such a system. An MILP model was programmed through LINGO 18.0 to determine the appropriate design of a solar PV tree system considering the data from the nonutility facility for installation. Solar irradiation data was taken from Meteonorm 7.3. to determine the optimal orientation of the PV panels. Notably, the input for the model considered a scenario where the costs and benefits surrounding solar technology were vastly improved. A global optimal solution was found with an objective value of Php 4,026,422.
Structural Anharmonicity Explains Continuous Frequency Shifts of Intramolecular Ring Vibrations in a Hydrogen-Bonded Antiferroelectric Crystal

Rational principles from which one can design the energy storage capability of antiferroelectric crystalline materials composed of hydrogen-bonded molecular constituents remain deficient. In partic...
Celebrating our 20th Anniversary

This past year Advances in Social Work hit its 20th anniversary! We are proud of our legacy of being one of the first, if not the first, open access journals in social work. Looking back over our first 20 years, it is evident that we ramped up our productivity as a scholarly journal over time. In our first decade (2000-2009), we published 142 papers and offered 3 special issues. In our second decade (2010-2019), we more than doubled the number of papers published to 307 and tripled the number of special issues (n=10). Our first decade relied on the efforts of three consecutive editors (Cournoyer, Daley, Barton) and two guest editors (Adamek, Vernon). Our second decade saw the addition of an Assistant Editor (Valerie Decker), an open access technical expert (Ted Polley), a Statistical Consultant (Jieru Bai), and the contributions of 16 guest editors. We grew from 33 reviewers evaluating manuscripts in 2000 to 189 individuals from over 100 universities and institutions in 7 countries, 1 territory, and 43 states serving as reviewers in 2019. The work of Advances in Social Work is ably guided by our Editorial Board. This fall we are pleased to welcome two new editorial board members: Dr. Lauri Goldkind and Dr. Lisa Zerden from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. We are looking forward to their contributions as we head into our third decade. In this issue of Advances in Social Work we are pleased to present 10 empirical papers authored by 35 scholars who are geographically dispersed across 15 states in the U.S., Washington, DC, and Canada. Four papers touch upon various aspects of violence prevention or intervention, two papers address social work management issues, three papers focus on diversity and/or advocacy for particular populations, and the final paper shares an efficacious approach for teaching practice skills to online students. While celebrating our first 20 years, we continue to look to the future. We are grateful for the ongoing support of Dean Tamara Davis as we endeavor to document and share emerging knowledge in the field of social work in a fully open access format. We are fully indexed in SocINDEX with Fulltext (EBSCO), Social Work Abstracts (EBSCO), and Social Services Abstracts (ProQuest) and were recently accepted into Scopus. As we forge ahead into our third decade, we commit to publishing the latest works from social work scholars around the world, addressing contemporary issues of the utmost importance to the communities we all serve. We look forward to bringing you upcoming issues of Advances in Social Work highlighting interprofessional practice and education (Summer 2020), gender inequity in the workforce (Fall 2020), and anti-racist education (Spring 2021). We welcome your suggestions for special issue topics that will help to advance social work and our causes around the globe.
Syndrome Compression for Optimal Redundancy Codes

We introduce a general technique that we call syndrome compression, for designing low-redundancy error correcting codes. The technique allows us to boost the redundancy efficiency of hash/labeling-based codes by further compressing the labeling. We apply syndrome compression to different types of adversarial deletion channels and present code constructions that correct up to a constant number of errors. Our code constructions achieve the redundancy of twice the Gilbert-Varshamov bound, which improve upon the state of art for these channels. The encoding/decoding complexity of our constructions is of order equal to the size of the corresponding deletion balls, namely, it is polynomial in the code length.
Building a Reliable Health Care System: A Lean Six Sigma Quality Improvement Initiative on Patient Handoff

Background There is limited evidence available identifying best practices to promote and sustain optimal outpatient-to-inpatient handoff processes to ensure safe and reliable continuity of care. Local problem A sentinel event occurred during the transition of care from the outpatient-to-inpatient setting. A root cause analysis revealed that the facility's standard operating procedure for patient handoffs was not consistently followed. Methods A Lean Six Sigma approach was used to improve patient transfer with the implementation of a Situation-Background-Assessment-Recommendation handoff policy. Inferential and statistical process control methods were used to assess performance outcomes pre- and postdissemination. Results Over 36 months there was a slow, steady decrease in patient transfer time including reduced variability. The most significant improvement effect occurred in the third year with a 50% reduction in transfer time. Conclusions Longitudinal monitoring provides the opportunity to accurately identify beneficial outcomes, which develop downstream from initial quality improvement efforts.
THE IMPACT OF SOCIAL-MEDIA PERFORMANCE ON SALES OF RETAIL-FOOD BRANDS

This paper considers the relationship between various social-media activities of a company/brand and its sales. We use quarterly revenue data of 13 retail-food brands, over 4 quarters, as our dependent variable. We use 6 independent variables involving the social-media activity of these companies on Twitter, YouTube, and Instagram. We use descriptive statistics to describe our data, and use simple, multiple, and stepwise regression to perform our analyses. We find that certain social-media activities do, indeed, positively relate to quarterly sales revenue.
Events Due to Snowblower Use Seen in US Emergency Departments From 2003 Through 2018

Objective To comprehensively analyze emergency department (ED) visits associated with snowblower use in the United States. Methods Data on National Electronic Injury Surveillance System ED visits due to snow blowers from 2003 through 2018 were analyzed by age, sex, diagnosis, anatomic location of the injury, and year, month, or weekday. The mechanism of injury and alcohol use were noted. Statistical analyses were performed, accounting for the weighted, stratified nature of the data. Results There were an estimated 91,451 patients with an average age of 51 years; 91.2% were male. Amputation, fracture, or laceration accounted for 43,524 (47.6%) of the ED visits. The mechanism of injury was placing the hand into the chute (44.5%), a fall/slip (13.3%), medical events (6.1%), and miscellaneous (33.8%). Most (68.9%) occurred at home. Alcohol was rarely involved (0.4%). There were 648 deaths; 647 were due to cardiac events. The five major injury diagnoses were fracture (25.9%), laceration (20.2%), strain/sprain (15.0%), amputation (11.2%), and contusion/abrasion (10.2%); 99.8% of the amputations involved fingers. The incidence of ED snowblower visits was 1.845 per 100,000 US population with no change over time. There was a general correlation between the number of visits and the annual snow cover. Conclusions Ample opportunity for injury prevention exists, as there was no change in the incidence over time. Cardiac events accounted for essentially all of the deaths.
Availability of Pediatric Inpatient Services in the United States

OBJECTIVES We sought to evaluate trends in pediatric inpatient unit capacity and access and to measure pediatric inpatient unit closures across the United States. METHODS We performed a retrospective study of 4720 US hospitals using the 2008–2018 American Hospital Association survey. We used linear regression to describe trends in pediatric inpatient unit and PICU capacity. We compared trends in pediatric inpatient days and bed counts by state. We examined changes in access to care by calculating distance to the nearest pediatric inpatient services by census block group. We analyzed hospital characteristics associated with pediatric inpatient unit closure in a survival model. RESULTS Pediatric inpatient units decreased by 19.1% (34 units per year; 95% confidence interval [CI] 31 to 37), and pediatric inpatient unit beds decreased by 11.8% (407 beds per year; 95% CI 347 to 468). PICU beds increased by 16.0% (66.9 beds per year; 95% CI 53 to 81), primarily at children’s hospitals. Rural areas experienced steeper proportional declines in pediatric inpatient unit beds (−26.1% vs −10.0%). Most states experienced decreases in both pediatric inpatient unit beds (median state −18.5%) and pediatric inpatient days (median state −10.0%). Nearly one-quarter of US children experienced an increase in distance to their nearest pediatric inpatient unit. Low-volume pediatric units and those without an associated PICU were at highest risk of closing. CONCLUSIONS Pediatric inpatient unit capacity is decreasing in the United States. Access to inpatient care is declining for many children, particularly those in rural areas. PICU beds are increasing, primarily at large children’s hospitals. Policy and surge planning improvements may be needed to mitigate the effects of these changes.
A prospective multidisciplinary review of radiotherapy processes during the telemedicine era

282Background: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in the use of telemedicine for evaluation and management visits in radiation oncology departments to decrease in-person interactions. The primary objec...