cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Multivariate analysis of exploratory behavior in gerbils

Previous studies have reported that general activity can be distinguished from stimulus reactivity and is under separate genetic control in Mus musculus. The present study was designed to measure these processes in gerbils. During a 15-min test period, measures were recorded for 70 male and female gerbils at 60 and 120 days of age. The test relied more on the gerbil’ s tactile exploration of the stimulus and less on exploration by visual acuity from afar. A principal components factor analysis revealed two primary factors operating in the gerbils’ exploratory behavior. One factor was attributed to general locomotor activity; the other was attributed to the complexity of the stimulus (stimulus reactivity). Implications on the use of this procedure for this species in future research are discussed.
Exact limits of the many-body local fields in a two-dimensional electron gas.

We have derived the exact limiting behavior of the many-body local fields ${G}_{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}}$(q,\ensuremath{\omega}) in a two-dimensional electron gas. At large wave vectors and finite frequencies these functions can be expressed in terms of g(0), the value at the origin of the pair correlation function of the electron gas. We find in particular that in this limit ${G}_{+}$(\ensuremath{\infty},\ensuremath{\omega})=1-g(0), and ${G}_{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}}$(\ensuremath{\infty},\ensuremath{\omega})=g(0). Our results provide new insight into the problem of the many-body vertex corrections in this interacting system.
Effect of concentrations of phosphoric acid on enamel dissolution.

E tching enamel surfaces with orthophosphoric acid (H,PO,) is an accepted and widely applied technique to improve the bonding of dental resins to enamel. It is effective in restorative and preventive dentistry, in orthodontics for the direct bonding of orthodontic attachments, and in periodontics for the stabilization of loose teeth. The optimal concentration of phosphoric acid as an etching agent for intraoral use is controversial,’ demonstrated by the fact that the concentration of H,PO, supplied with commercial dental products ranges from 30% to 60%. Various laboratory techniques have been used to estimate the optimal concentration of H,PO,. These include tensile bond strength tests, scanning electron microscopy, and the determination of the depth of etch or the amount of superficial enamel removed .by the etching procedure.2-5 Table I. H,PO, concentrations in etching solutions
An Empirical Evaluation of System Development Methodologies

Many methodologies and techniques may be used in the development of information systems. Two widely used methodologies are: system development life cycle, and prototyping. In this article, we have extensively evaluated the two methodologies based on field data collected from information systems professionals in business and industry. Specifically, the two methodologies are evaluated for their applicability during various life cycle phases, by types of systems, and by the amount of problem structure. Various attributes associated with the methodologies have also been assessed. Our results support the use of a contingency approach for the selection of a proper methodology for systems development.
The calculation of ground and excited state molecular polarizabilities: A simple perturbation treatment

Second order perturbation theory has been coupled with the CNDO/S CI method of Del Bene and Jaffe to calculate the ground and excited state polarizabilities of various molecules. It is found that this treatment produces reasonably good polarizabilities with great computational ease.
Can Ophthalmologists Correctly Identify Patients Defaulting from Pilocarpine Therapy

We determined whether clinical measurements and assessments available to ophthalmologists could be used to identify patients who default from pilocarpine treatment. The measurements and assessments included intraocular pressure, pupillary diameter, pupillary reactivity to light, the patient's report of compliance, the physician's prediction of compliance, the patient's log of pilocarpine administration, and the weight of pilocarpine eyedrops utilized. Compliance with the pilocarpine regimen was measured with an unobtrusive eyedrop medication monitor. Intraocular pressure and pupillary diameter did not correlate with compliance to the regimen as measured by the eyedrop monitor. Pupillary reaction to light, the physician's prediction of compliance, a daily log of pilocarpine administration, the weight of pilocarpine utilized, and the patient's report of compliance correlated modestly with compliance as measured by the monitor (range of correlations, 0.19 to 0.24). However, none of these measures taken by itself or combined in any manner adequately distinguished patients with lower rates of compliance from those with higher rates of compliance. At present, the eyedrop monitor is the only reliable method for detecting patients who default from treatment.
On the backstepping design procedure for multiple input nonlinear systems

SUMMARY In a recent paper, we developed a structural decomposition for multiple input multiple output nonlinear systems that are affine in control but otherwise general. In this paper, we exploit the structural properties of such a decomposition in the application of the backstepping design technique on multiple input nonlinear systems. In particular, this decomposition simplifies the conventional backstepping design and motivates new backstepping design procedures that are able to stabilize systems on which the conventional backstepping procedure is not applicable. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Personal, public: using DIY to explore citizen-led efforts in urban computing

As communities develop technological literacy and explore how technology can impact their lives, the future of urban computing will come from grass-roots initiatives in addition to traditional top-down urban planning. To this end, we aim to engage the do-it- yourself (DIY) community in exploring how individuals can add technology to their communities. As design probes into this space, we have built prototype devices around off-the-shelf technology, open-ended interactions and simple engineering techniques familiar to the DIY community. Through evolving these devices with both the technical DIY community and Pittsburgh's local communities, we hope to spark citizen-led efforts in bringing novel applications of computing to our communities.
Effects of cyclosporin A on the development of immune-mediated interstitial nephritis

Effects of cyclosporin A on the development of immune-mediated interstitial nephritis. We examined the effect of daily cyclosporin A administration on the development and extent of tubulointerstitial nephritis produced in rats immunized with tubular basement membranes in adjuvant. Six mg/kg/day of cyclosporin A, given from the time of immunization, completely blocked the development of interstitial lesions and renal insufficiency. The administration of cyclosporin A after the development of interstitial nephritis also arrested the progression of the histological lesions. Both T cell-mediated and humoral immunity were markedly reduced by the administration of cyclosporin A, as evidenced by the near absence of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses and by the reduced production of anti-tubular basement membrane antibodies. Cell admixture experiments indicated that impairment of the delayed-type hypersensitivity response to tubular antigen was probably not the result of active suppression, and suggested that the protective effect of cyclosporin A might be secondary to its direct inhibitory action on the activation of nephritogenic T and B cells. Finally, the treatment of control rats with cyclosporin A, in the doses used, did not produce any detectable kidney damage nor did it impair renal function. We conclude that cyclosporin A can be an effective prophylactic and therapeutic agent in autoimmune interstitial nephritis in rats.
Frictional characteristics of diamond sliding on as-grown surfaces of large GEM quality single crystal synthetic diamond

Abstract Sliding friction measurements are reported on {{111}} and {{001}} surfaces of synthetic diamonds in the as-grown condition. The measurements were done in ambient air, and the lowest friction coefficient observed was 0.004 on {{111}} faces in 〈112〉 directions. The friction coefficient varies with sliding direction, as has been previously reported. The frictional energy loss is primarily associated with adhesion. Polished surfaces of natural diamonds were also measured for comparison. Ultra-fine polishing of a surface reduces the friction compared with a conventional polish. Synthetic diamonds with different dopants were investigated, but no correlation between friction and dopant was found.
Noncash Income Transfers and Agricultural Land Values

Several studies have considered the impact of government cash income transfers to agricultural producers on agricultural land prices. This study examines the effects of a noncash income transfer on agricultural land prices. The impact of the U.S. sugar program on irrigated land prices in Montana is evaluated using a hedonic regression model. The model considers the impacts of sugar beet price and land characteristics on land prices. The results indicate that noncash income transfers generated by the U.S. sugar program have been capitalized into cropland prices.
Measuring the stress relaxation behaviour of engineering thermoplastic composites

Abstract An apparatus for measuring the stress relaxation behaviour of chopped fibre reinforced engineering thermoplastics have been assembled. The equipment, fitted with ancillary computer hardware and appropriate software, has been designed for determining the stress relaxation behaviour of a 0·32-cm ( 1 8 - in . ) thick beam of plastic material, 21·6 cm long and and 1·9 cm wide ( 8 1 2 in. long and 3 4 in. wide ), that is deflected in a cantilever mode. The decrease in stress occurring in the specimen after its end has been deflected to a 2·54 cm (1 in) strain at one end (representing about 0·6% strain in outer convex skin) is measured through a load cell. The signal from the load cell is conditioned, processed and fed into a computer for the data collection phase of the experiment. Data, taken in equal units of log time, are later retrieved in a calculated form and are simultaneously processed to fit a stress relaxation equation set forth by McLoughlin for glassy polymers. Plots of log Er (Er = relaxation modulus) vs. log t (t = time) may then be used to display stress relaxation data. The use of this apparatus has been demonstrated on Nylon 6/6, polyphenylene sulphide, and polyamide-imide resins. Unreinforced, glass fibre reinforced and carbon fibre reinforced grades of these materials were tested at 30°C, 40°C and 50°C. Smooth, low stress decay and stress relaxation behaviour was observed for the polyphenylene sulphide and polyamide-imide resins. With Nylon 6/6, the data at 30°C and 40°C were somewhat well behaved with more stress relaxation curvature occurring. The data at 50°C did not follow this trend; the Nylon 6/6 stress relaxed at a linear log Er vs. log t trend that was slower than the stress relaxation rate at 30°C and 40°C. This behaviour is attributed to the fact that at 50°C the Nylon 6/6 material is approaching its glass transition temperature (about 60°C).
MULCOX2: a general computer program for the Cox regression analysis of multivariate failure time data

Multivariate failure time data is commonly encountered in biomedicine, because each study subject may experience multiple events or because there exists clustering of subjects such that failure times within the same cluster are correlated. MULCOX2 implements a general statistical methodology for analyzing such data. This approach formulates the marginal distributions of multivariate failure times by Cox proportional hazards models without specifying the nature of dependence among related failure times. The baseline hazard functions for the marginal models may be identical or different. A variety of statistical inference can be made regarding the effects of (possibly time-dependent) covariates on the failure rates. Although designed primarily for the marginal approach, MULCOX2 is general enough to implement several alternative methods. The program runs on any computer with a FORTRAN compiler. The running time is minimal. Two illustrative examples are provided.
Web page DOM node characterization and its application to page segmentation

Web pages are generally organized in terms of visually distinct segments, such as Navigation bars, Advertisement banners, Headers, Portlets and Widgets. Despite the apparent structured layout, web pages are considered a source of unstructured data, from information extraction point of view. Hence, as a step towards interpreting the organization of web data, web page segmentation attempts to identify cohesive regions of a page. In this paper, we present a novel DOM tree mining approach for page segmentation. We first characterize the nodes of DOM tree structure, based on their Content Size and Entropy. While Content Size of a node indicates the amount of textual content contributed by its subtree, Entropy measures the strength of local “patterns” exhibited therein. In other words, a node manifesting highly repetitive patterns begets a high Entropy as per our formulation. Based on the characterization of DOM nodes, we then develop an unsupervised algorithm to automatically identify segments of a given web page.
The Spectra of the Heavy Elements

The spectra of the new heavy elements are characterized by great complexity similar to that well known for thorium and uranium. Consequently descriptions of the spectra to be adequate for term analyses and assignment of electron configurations must be quite extensive, containing complete, accurate wave-lengths and much other material. Since considerable effort and amounts of sample are required it will be some time before such descriptions are available. On the other hand it would be useful for spectrochemical analyses to have wave-lengths to 0.1A and intensities in a convenient spectral region, and this information has been collected for protactinium, neptunium, plutonium, and americium. Intensities for each line were obtained as the reciprocal of the limiting dilution at which it could be seen with the copper spark source, and therefore the same intensity scale is used for each element. Hence it could be observed that the spectrum of americium appears to stand in the same relation to those of the other heavy elements that the spectrum of europium does to those of the preceding rare earths, both elements containing relatively few lines of high average intensity. This suggests by analogy that Am I contains seven f electrons plus two others.
SuperWIMP gravitino dark matter from slepton and sneutrino decays

Dark matter may be composed of superWIMPs, superweakly-interacting massive particles produced in the late decays of other particles. We focus on the case of gravitinos produced in the late decays of sleptons or sneutrinos and assume they are produced in sufficient numbers to constitute all of nonbaryonic dark matter. At leading order, these late decays are two-body and the accompanying energy is electromagnetic. For natural weak-scale parameters, these decays have been shown to satisfy bounds from Big Bang nucleosynthesis and the cosmic microwave background. However, sleptons and sneutrinos may also decay to three-body final states, producing hadronic energy, which is subject to even more stringent nucleosynthesis bounds. We determine the three-body branching fractions and the resulting hadronic energy release. We find that superWIMP gravitino dark matter is viable and determine the gravitino and slepton/sneutrino masses preferred by this solution to the dark matter problem. In passing, we note that hadronic constraints disfavor the possibility of superWIMPs produced by neutralino decays unless the neutralino is photinolike.
Priming the Pump: Load Balancing Iterative Algorithms

Load balancing iterative algorithms is an interesting problem in resource allocation that is useful for reducing total elapsed processing time through parallel processing. Load balancing means that each processor in a parallel processing environment will handle about the same computational load. It is not sufficient to allocate the same number of processes to each processor since different processes or tasks can require different loads . For iterative algorithms, load balancing is the process of distributing the iterations of a loop to individual processes . This paper will analyze different methods used for load balancing. Each method will be measured by how well it reduces the total elapsed time and by algorithm complexity and overhead. Measured data for different load balancing methods will be included in this paper.
A European standard for packet-mode mobile data

An activity has been set up to develop a public standard for trunked radio and mobile data systems. The standards being developed are generically known as TETRA, standing for trans-European trunked radio. The ETSI is responsible for defining the TETRA standard. TETRA is really a family of standards. One branch of the family is a set of radio and network interface standards for trunked voice (and non-optimised data) services; the other branch is an air-interface standard optimised for providing classic wide-area packet data services at mobile access points, allowing a packet data network to be built with both fixed and mobile subscribers and supporting standard network access protocols. The paper gives an overview of the TETRA mobile data standard at its current stage of development. It discusses the general service requirements for the network, then concentrates on the design of the lower layers of the air-interface protocol itself. >
A modified physical optics model of the rough surface reflection coefficient

Several models for the rough surface reflection coefficient have been compared to measured data at microwave frequencies. The physical optics model is shown to adequately model the level of the data, but not the angular migration of the Brewster angle for /spl upsi/ polarization as the surface roughness increases. The small perturbation method is shown to accurately model the data for surfaces of modest roughness (/spl kappa//spl sigma/=0.5), including the Brewster angle migration, but fails for a rougher surface with /spl kappa//spl sigma/=1.5. A rough surface reflection coefficient derived from the work of Ohlidal and Lukes [1972] is better than the physical optics and small perturbation methods for both surfaces, but it does not predict equal /spl upsi/ and h reflectivities at the nadir. A model based on the physical optics approach is presented which has equal /spl upsi/ and h reflectivities at the nadir and also closely fits the measured data.
Adalimumab-associated optic neuritis

We present, to our knowledge, the first published cases of optic neuritis associated with adalimumab, a medication in the class of anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) antagonists. Approved in recent years by the FDA, adalimumab (Humira, Abbott Laboratories; Abbott Park, IL) is a recombinant monoclonal antibody that targets and blocks the physiologic effects of TNF. Other TNF antagonists have had associations with optic neuritis and demyelinating events.
That I'll be Killed -- Pre-service and In-Service Teachers' Greatest Fears and Beliefs About School Violence

Pre-service teachers who had completed their practicum or student teaching and in-service teachers in their first 3 years of teaching (n = 218) completed open-ended surveys about their beliefs and fears of school violence and rated their fears for such acts as use of weapons and the likelihood of those acts about their fears about schools and school violence. There were significant differences between pre-service and in-service teachers in their rankings of fearful events and the perceived likelihood of these events using t-tests to compare the groups. The informants reported being most afraid of guns or other weapons or other forms of dangerous violence (hostage taking, an outside stranger coming in and threatening their students, and so on). These fears were significantly correlated with their beliefs in the likelihood that these events would happen. Open-ended questions revealed that pre-service teachers tended to be more afraid for their personal safety and personal failure in a crisis situation and in-service classroom teachers tended to be more afraid for their students' safety. The implications for teacher education and preparing teachers to address school violence are discussed.
Plans for utilizing the Cornell Electron Storage Ring as a test accelerator for ILC damping ring research and development

Beginning in April 2008, we propose to employ the Cornell electron storage ring (CESR) in a program of research and development for the international linear collider (ILC) Damping Rings (DR). This paper provides an update on the conceptual design issues for the CESR reconfiguration and details of the experimental program that will follow.
Exploring the impact of dasymetric refinement on spatiotemporal small area estimates

Comparing demographic small area estimates across multiple time periods is hindered by boundary changes in census enumeration units. Areal interpolation can resolve temporal incompatibilities, but ...
Assessment of depuration system and duration on gut evacuation rate and mortality of red swamp crawfish

Abstract Two depuration, or purging, systems were examined for their effect on survival and evacuation rate of intestinal contents of the hindgut of crawfish (Procambarus clarkii). In the immersion system, crawfish were held in baskets suspended in the water column and subjected to profuse aeration and low water exchange. Crawfish in the water spray system were maintained in shallow pools (1.3-cm deep water) and in a constant mist environment. Loading rate for each system was 14.5 kg crawfish/m2 surface area. Similar mortality was observed from the two systems and averaged 9% and 12% for 24 and 48 h of purging, respectively. Cannibalism occurred in both purge systems; however, the mean net hindgut evacuation rate for crawfish was similar for the two systems and averaged 57%, 63%, 78%, and 81% for 12-, 24-, 36-, and 48-h purge durations, respectively. Evacuation efficiency after 12 and 24 h was positively correlated with water temperature. Of the total amount of intestinal contents excreted during 48 h of purging, 70%, on average, was excreted within the first 12 h. Mortality increases as purge duration increases; therefore, the shortest and most practical duration that results in a product acceptable by the consumer will be the most cost effective. A 12-h (or overnight) duration in well-managed systems may be sufficient for most markets in Louisiana.
Cardiovascular events are not associated with MTHFR polymorphisms, but are associated with methotrexate use and traditional risk factors in US veterans with rheumatoid arthritis.

Objective. C677T and A1298C polymorphisms in the enzyme methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase ( MTHFR ) have been associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) events in non-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) populations. We investigated potential associations of MTHFR polymorphisms and use of methotrexate (MTX) with time-to-CV event in data from the Veterans Affairs Rheumatoid Arthritis (VARA) registry. Methods. VARA participants were genotyped for MTHFR polymorphisms. Variables included demographic information, baseline comorbidities, RA duration, autoantibody status, and disease activity. Patients’ comorbidities and outcome variables were defined using International Classification of Diseases-9 and Current Procedural Terminology codes. The combined CV event outcome included myocardial infarction (MI), percutaneous coronary intervention, coronary artery bypass graft surgery, and stroke. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to model the time-to-CV event. Results. Data were available for 1047 subjects. Post-enrollment CV events occurred in 97 patients (9.26%). Although there was a trend toward reduced risk of CV events, MTHFR polymorphisms were not significantly associated with time-to-CV event. Time-to-CV event was associated with prior stroke (HR 2.01, 95% CI 1.03–3.90), prior MI (HR 1.70, 95% CI 1.06–2.71), hyperlipidemia (HR 1.57, 95% CI 1.01–2.43), and increased modified Charlson-Deyo index (HR 1.23, 95% CI 1.13–1.34). MTX use (HR 0.66, 95% CI 0.44–0.99) and increasing education (HR 0.87, 95% CI 0.80–0.95) were associated with a lower risk for CV events. Conclusion. Although MTHFR polymorphisms were previously associated with CV events in non-RA populations, we found only a trend toward decreased association with CV events in RA. Traditional risk factors conferred substantial CV risk, while MTX use and increasing years of education were protective.
Fame, Social Media Use, and Ethics

This essay addresses two journalists' very public criticism of a blog that chronicles a woman's fight with cancer. I examine the role of fame in this controversy. Are the expectations for maintaining “privacy” actually stricter for people who are not famous? How do shifting boundaries between private and public (exacerbated by social media, which allow anybody to have a “public” persona) and shifting understandings of what constitutes “fame” affect the traditional understandings of what is appropriate to share?
Self-assembled silicon networks on plastic

We demonstrate the use of self-assembly for low temperature integration of microfabricated silicon components on a plastic substrate. Our method allows for integration of parts made by incompatible microfabrication technologies into a single platform. The self-assembly is performed in a single step providing both mechanical and electrical connections. The mild self-assembly conditions (temperature <100 C, pH /spl sim/3.5) are compatible with most electronics and photonics components.
Using Meta-Theoretic Reasoning to do Algebra

We report on an experiment in interactive reasoning with FOL. The subject of the reasoning is elementary algebra. The main point of the paper is to show how the use of meta-theoretic knowledge results in improving the quality of the resulting proofs in that, in this environment, they are both easier to find and easier to understand.
A matrix quantizer incorporating the human visual model

This paper discusses the design of a matrix quantizer incorporating the human visual model for image encoding. It is well known that in image processing square error distortion measure is not the most suitable yardstick for the evaluation of subjective quality of reconstructed images. Since in almost all image data compression systems the human observer is the ultimate destination, one may take into account some parameters of the human visual system in computing the distance measure used in the design of an encoding algorithm. The matrix quantizer design and encoding algorithms have been modified to include a reasonably accurate model to reflect the human visual perception process. It is found that the reconstructed images in this case are sharper and exhibit much less staircase effect usually found in matrix quantizers that do not include such a model. The results were compared for rate one and 0.56 bits per pixel (bpp) with those of straight matrix quantizers of similar rate and size.
Demonstration of a Differential Layout Solution for Improved ASET Tolerance in CMOS A/MS Circuits

Layout techniques that exploit charge-sharing phenomena for analog single-event transient (ASET) mitigation in fully-differential analog/mixed-signal (A/MS) designs are experimentally explored in a 65 nm CMOS process. Benefits of the proposed RHBD layout techniques are illustrated through circuit simulations. Preliminary RHBD layout guidelines are discussed.
Real-time estimation of event-driven traffic latency distributions when layered on static schedules

A technique for binning aperiodic latency sample data using a data representation called latency band graphs. A fluid flow analysis produces a small, fixed size set of automatically generated bins dependent only on the timeline defined by periodic traffic. The compact number of bins yields a parameterized latency representation suitable for real-time estimation and goodness-of-fit tests.
A formal specification of an oscilloscope

This case study presents the development of an abstract oscilloscope specification, using Z notation. A description is given of the problem and its context. An abstract model of an oscilloscope that clarifies its user-accessible functions is described. Issues that must be addressed to scale up this specification to deal with more complicated, realistic oscilloscopes are discussed. The use of formal models and formal reasoning in this specification is examined. >
A Developmental Analysis of Visual and Auditory Sustained Attention and Reflection-Impulsivity in Hyperactive and Normal Children

Sustained attention to visual and auditory stimuli and reflection-impulsivity were examined in hyperactive and normal 9- and 14-year-old boys. Multivariate analyses, followed by univariate tests, indicated that the normal children increased in sustained attention efficiency with age to both visual and auditory stimuli. Hyperactive children increased in sustained attention efficiency with age to auditory but not visual stimuli. Both groups increased with age in reflection-impulsivity as measured by Kagan's Matching Familiar Figures Test (MFFT). Correlations between the sustained attention scores and the MFFT error and latency scores were not significant for hyperactive children. Recommendations were made for training programs that offer hyperactive children remediation in developing sustained attention efficiency to visual information.
Existence of magnetization-dependent Preisach models

I. D. Mayergoyz (1986) has shown that the necessary and sufficient conditions for a hysteretic process can be described by a classical Preisach model are that it possesses the wiping-out property and the congruency property. Magnetization-dependent Preisach models also have the wiping-out property but do not possess the congruency property. The necessary and sufficient conditions for a process to be describable by either of two magnetization-dependent models, the product model and the moving model are presented. The identification problem for both of these models is also addressed. Both models require the wiping-out property, but the moving model requires the skew-congruency property, and the product model requires nonlinear congruency. >
Reforming Our Hazardous Waste Policy

Federal hazardous waste regulation and cleanup programs suffer from poor prioritization, insufficient flexibility, high costs, and questionable benefits. Many of these problems are a result of excessive regulatory centralization. With the enactment of the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) and Comprehensive Emergency Response, Cleanup and Liability Act (CERCLA, aka "Superfund") Congress centralized environmental policy questions that are, in many respects, inherently local in nature. This produced a "mismatch" between those jurisdictions with regulatory primacy and the nature of the environmental problems at issue. Contamination of soil and groundwater are site-specific, rarely crossing state lines. Due to the local nature of hazardous waste problems, state governments should be given the opportunity to assume leadership of hazardous waste regulation and cleanup. While the federal government has an important role to play in the regulation and management of hazardous wastes, this role requires more targeted and specialized efforts than the adoption and maintenance of a comprehensive cradle-to-grave regulatory system and a large scale waste site cleanup program that impose federal standards on local communities. Through technical guidance federal agencies can inform local waste management and cleanup decisions without imposing uniform federal standards that fit few jurisdictions well. With federal efforts confined to those areas in which the federal government possesses a comparative advantage, state governments will be freed to reassume leadership in hazardous waste policy and tailor state policies to local needs and concerns. This, in turn, could foster greater recognition of and accountability for the trade-offs inherent in hazardous waste policy, and a more justifiable regulatory regime for hazardous waste.
In-Place Treatment of Foundation Soils

The state-of-the-art of seven special methods for the treatment of soils for the support of structures is reviewed. Whereas vibroflotation, compaction piles, blasting and grouting are limited mainly to the treatment of cohesionless soils, electro-osmosis, thermal treatment, and treatment with additives find primary application in the treatment of cohesive soils. Although blasting is usually the fastest and least expensive, compared with vibroflotation and compaction piles, the results are the least certain. Installation of stone column piles by vibroflotation has extended the range of application of this method into cohesive soils. Recently developed chemical grouts are now approaching the ideal in terms of viscosity and control of setting time. Mixed-in-place intrusion grouting appears to be a promising technique for construction of soil-cement piles in place. Additive stabilization of foundation soils for structures is used mainly in connection with grouting and electro-osmosis, with additional application to the treatment of expansive soils to shallow depths.
Near optimal 3-D guidance against a maneuvering target

This is an accompanying paper to a 3-D AAM trajectory shaping study done by the authors 11). Closed-loop guidance against a maneuvering target is synthesized using a three phase, near-optimal guidance
P5-S7.10 Chlamydia screening coverage among American Indian and Alaska native women in the USA

Background Racial and ethnic minorities are often disproportionately affected by health disparities. In 2009, American Indian and Alaska Natives (AI/AN) had the 2nd highest rates of chlamydia in the USA. In an effort to eliminate health inequities and reduce the burden of disease, the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) recommends annual chlamydia screening for all sexually active women Methods We calculated chlamydia screening coverage rates and associated per cent positivity for women 26 years of age screened through sites participating in the Stop Chlamydia Project by geographic region. Screening coverage was calculated using the 2009 Indian Health Services facility-level user population estimates as denominator values. Results Screening coverage among AI/AN women tested in Stop CT Project sites varied across geographic regions. Among women 26-year-old women, similar levels of screening were seen ranging from 34.4% (Alaska) and 5.7% (Bemidji); however, significantly less positivity was identified (1.4%–5.6%) (Abstract P5-S7.10 table 1). Conclusions This is the first time screening coverage for American Indian/Alaska Native women has been evaluated by geographic regions. These data can help inform program improvement activities to maximise screening outcomes by expanding testing among women 26 years old) in order to better utilise testing resources to expand coverage among those at greatest risk for chlamydia (
Who Moves Markets in a Sudden Marketwide Crisis? Evidence from 9/11

We compare reactions in the prices and trading patterns of common stocks and closed-end funds (CEFs), securities with substantially different investor clienteles, to the Sept. 11, 2001 terrorist attacks. When the market reopened 6 days later, retail investors sold and there were sharp price declines, even in assets with net institutional buying. In the subsequent 2 weeks, price reversals were substantially security specific and thus not simply due to improved systematic sentiment. Consistent with microstructure theory, comparisons between CEFs and common stocks show the speed of these reversals depended significantly on the relative quality and availability of information about fundamental values.
Modeling and change detection of dynamic network data by a network state space model

ABSTRACTDynamic network data are often encountered in social, biological, and engineering domains. There are two types of variability in dynamic network data: variability of natural evolution and variability due to assignable causes. The latter is the “change” referred to in this article. Accurate and timely change detection from dynamic network data is important. However, it has been infrequently studied, with most of the existing research having focused on community detection, prediction, and visualization. Change detection is a classic research area in Statistical Process Control (SPC), and various approaches have been developed for dynamic data in the form of univariate or multivariate time series but not in the form of networks. We propose a Network State Space Model (NSSM) to characterize the natural evolution of dynamic networks. For tractable parameter estimation of the NSSM, we develop an Expectation Propagation algorithm to produce an approximation for the observation equation of the NSSM and th...
Embryology and Anatomy of the Oral Cavity and Pharynx

Objectives: To discuss the intricate embryology, anatomy, and postnatal development of the upper aerodigestive tract as it relates to deglutition
Education for Democracy in the High-Technology Global Village

A nation that wishes to establish and maintain democracy must create an educated citizenry. This means that such a nation attempts, as far as it is able, to educate all of its citizens. Universal literacy, through universal grade-school education, becomes the first goal. Once this is established, then the level and depth of schooling must be extended in an ever-increasing process.
Power generation modeling for a wearable thermoelectric energy harvester with practical limitations

Abstract Recent studies on improving the thermoelectric figure of merit (ZT) have advanced research into self-powered, wearable technologies using thermoelectric generators. However, previous design approaches do not consider structurally practical heat sink and module geometries, the use of a boost converter, or the size constraint of the generator due to aesthetic appeal, all of which lower the overall power output. Additionally, the reduced efficiency in using a boost converter changes the electrical and thermal load matching conditions for maximum power. In this study, the limitations of practicality were considered for a wearable thermoelectric generator that utilizes a state-of-the-art boost converter and an optimized heat sink. Heat sink fin geometries and thermoelectric module geometries were explored to maximize the power output within a 42.0 cm2 area and a 1.0 cm total height, in order to justify the wearability of the energy harvester. With optimized values of fin and module heights, the system was designed to produce 0.48 mW of electrical power at a boosted output voltage of 3.0 V, enough to power a small heart-rate monitor.
Endocrine Parameters in the Diagnosis of Chronic Pancreatitis

Abnormalities in pancreatic endocrine function are common in patients with chronic pancreatitis. In those patients with diffuse calcification of the pancreas glucose intolerance may be demonstrated in up to 90% and overt diabetes in up to 70% of patients [1]. It has been hoped that some test of pancreatic endocrine function might accurately reflect the severity of pancreatic exocrine function. In addition, it would be of decided advantage to have a test that could separate genetic diabetes mellitus from the diabetes secondary to chronic pancreatitis.
Stepless tunable four-chip LED lighting control on the black body radiation curve with generalized reduced gradient method

In this paper, the algorithm for the stepless tunable four-chip LED on the black body radiation curve, using the Generalized Reduced Gradient method, is proposed. The lumen outputs of four-chip LED, for color temperatures between 2500K and 6500K, are then calculated in real-time, without using a lookup table, and for high quality lighting design.
Video Input Techniques

In Chapter 4, you entered anatomic data from tissue into the computer by looking directly at a microscope image and passing a cursor over the image. The cursor was mixed with the microscope image by an optical device such as a camera lucida. In Chapter 5, you placed a photograph or drawing of the tissue on a data tablet and passed a cursor, the data tablet cross hairs, over the image. In this case also, the cursor was mixed optically with the image. In both instances, the data that were stored in the computer were a series of coordinate locations of the cursor as it moved about the image.
When does individuals’ willingness to speak out increase on social media? Perceived social support and perceived power/control

Abstract In this study, we investigated the effects of opinion congruency on individuals’ willingness to speak out on Social Media. We tested the mediation effect of perceived social support, influencing the sense of power/control and in turn affecting their willingness to share opinions on their personal Social Networking Sites. We found that people are more willing to speak out on social media when their perceived social support enhances perceived sense of power/control through their opinion congruency with others’ online comments. The findings suggest that individuals’ perceived sense of power serves as an underlying mechanism that accounts for why people share their opinions in a social media setting. Theoretical and practical implications were discussed in the study.
Incorporating spectroscopic on-line monitoring as a method of detection for a Lewis cell setup

A Lewis cell was designed and constructed for investigating solvent extraction systems by spectrophotometrically monitoring both the organic and aqueous phases in real time. This new Lewis cell was tested and shown to perform well compared to other previously reported Lewis cell designs. The advantage of the new design is that the spectroscopic measurement allows determination of not only metal ion concentrations, but also information regarding chemical speciation – information not available with previous Lewis cell designs. For convenience, the new Lewis cell design was dubbed COSMOFLEX (COntinuous Spectroscopic MOnitoring of Forrest's Liquid–liquid EXtraction cell). After construction performance testing was done for establishing the ideal stir speed range, UV-Vis measured concentration and D value determination. Each one of these tests was satisfactorily passed.
INTERACTIONS BETWEEN MAIZE WEEVIL (COLEOPTERA: CURCULIONIDAE) INFESTATIONS AND INFECTION BY ASPERGILLUS FLAVUS AND OTHER FUNGI IN STORED CORN

Thirty adult maize weevils, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky, were placed in six glass-fronted wooden grain storage bins filled with 7.2 kg of shelled corn at 14% moisture content. An auger plug cont...
Religious Conservatism in a Quasi-Longitudinal Perspective:

College freshmen personality inventories and a mail survey were used to study correlates of current and retrospective (college freshmen) conservatism among 142 former students of a religiously cons...
Toleration, Tolerance, or Intolerance in the Works of the Young Martin Luther

Martin Luther=s hateful and anti-Judaic sentiments have attracted much attention especially because they have often been identified as highly influential on modern anti-Semitism. But in his early years, Luther could harbor quite different attitudes. A critical reading of his treatise ADas Jesus Christus ein geborner Jude sei@ from 1523 will allow us to gain important insights into the delicate and yet impactful approach to toleration as it had developed throughout the Middle Ages. While Luther espoused a specific form of toleration, he cannot be identified as a defender of tolerance in the modern sense of the word. Tragically, however, despite his early attempt at reaching out to people of Jewish faith, the famous reformer quickly changed his mind and embraced a most aggressive strategy against Jews at large. This article will highlight the intricate and fragile nature of toleration as it was pursued by many medieval and early modern intellectuals and writers, and demonstrate that this ideal was highly appealing, but also subject to quick changes to the opposite.
From the End of Man to the Art of Life: Rereading Foucault’s Changing Aesthetics

In Foucault’s writing throughout the 1960s, in which he foregrounds the critical function of language and signification, works of art and literature – and works of avant-garde art and literature in particular – appear prominently and are the objects of sustained theoretical investment. In the 1970s, however, as Foucault moves away from his earlier concern with language’s capacity to dissolve “man” and begins to concentrate instead on the ways in which man is governed, works of art and literature no longer possess the same political promise for him and drop out almost completely from his writing. Yet the question of aesthetics does not disappear for him entirely, and, in his final years, he returns to it, though with his analysis now directed at what he calls an “art” or “aesthetics of life.” In this paper, I examine these developments with the aim of drawing out the connections between Foucault’s changing view of aesthetics and the larger transformations that take shape within his overall project. Against this background, I argue that Foucault’s call for an art of life, in which the individual develops techniques for continually reinventing his or her existence, does not necessitate abandoning the avant-garde aesthetic practices that he had previously advocated. Rather, I assert, his conception of an art of life – when read in conjunction with his theorization of critique as a “permanent” questioning of the limits imposed on us – offers a new framework for reimagining both the function of those practices and their legacies in culture today.
Possession of Child Pornography: Should You be Convicted When the Computer Cache Does the Saving for You?

III. ACCESSING CHILD PORNOGRAPHY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210 A. Searching for Child Pornography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1210 B. Downloading Images . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1211 C. Viewing Images on the Internet Without Downloading and the Problematic Side-Effect: Cache Memory . . . . . . 1212 D. Somewhere in the Middle: E-mail as a Source . . . . . . . . 1214
The New View of Man in His Physical Environment

When dealing with a subject as large, engaging, and obscure as man, an author is obliged to say forthwith how he intends to approach his problem. For there are many roads leading to partial knowledge of the nature of man; their courses need to be sketched and their goals must be correlated.
Interrelations Between Biological Rhythms and Clocks

There is currently no evidence indicating that the biological rhythms that one can readily observe and the biological clocks that time them are one and the same. The rhythms are labile in form and readily modified by numerous environmental factors. Their amplitudes may be experimentally modified and thereafter persist at the same amplitude in constancy of light and temperature. They may even be abolished, and yet their timing mechanism may continue to operate, prepared to accept and time again a restored rhythm. The clocks of life never cease to operate, but always continue their inexorable activities, all the while generating periods that are essentially, even probably completely, independent of temperature, of all drugs or other chemicals, and even of genome. Independence of genome is fully implied by the omnipresence of the clock system with all its well-known properties in the whole spectrum of plants, animals, and protists. Only the prokaryotes questionably possess typical circaperiodisms with the usual rhythm properties although the investigations of H. Bortels (1959), in Germany, long ago gave clear evidence of continuous reaction of bacteria in constant obvious factors to atmospheric factors reflecting pervasive weather parameters. These last would also contain all these rhythmic fluctuations within them reflecting the atmospheric solar-day cycles and their modulations by the lunar and annual cycles.