cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mobilising abroad across ethnic lines: Home-country politics and immigrant political engagement in comparative perspective

Scholarship on immigrant political participation has recently examined how immigrants engage in collective action in the receiving society, whereas scholarship focussing on immigrant home-country politics has focused on debating immigrant political engagement vis-a-vis the origin society. What the literature has neglected is how immigrants engage simultaneously in immigrant and home–country politics. This article fills this lacuna through multi-sited fieldwork observations and interviews, showing how the Ecuadorian participants in this study engage in home-country politics in Madrid and New York City through grassroots organisations and why the leaders and members of these organisations reach out to non-ethnically based associations to make demands on the receiving society governments. The engagement of Ecuadorian political parties in the host societies heightens distrust among the participants in this study, inhibiting their organisation at the ethno-national level. As a result, participants find venues ...
Cross-generational effects of discrimination among immigrant mothers: Perceived discrimination predicts child's healthcare visits for illness.

Objective This study tested whether an immigrant mother's perception of ethnic and language-based discrimination affects the health of her child (indexed by the child's frequency of sick visits to the doctor, adjusting for well-visits), as a function of her ethnic-group attachment and length of U.S. residency. Method A community-based sample of 98 immigrant Dominican and Mexican mothers of normally developing 14-month-old children were interviewed. Mothers reported their perceived ethnic and language-based discrimination, degree of ethnic-group attachment, length of time in the United States, and frequency of their child's doctor visits for both illness and routine (healthy) exams. Results Among more recent immigrants, greater perceived ethnic and language-based discrimination were associated with more frequent sick-child visits, but only among those reporting low ethnic-group attachment. The associations between both forms of perceived discrimination and sick-child visits were not observed among mothers reporting high ethnic-group attachment. Among more established immigrants, perceived language-based discrimination was associated with more frequent sick-child visits regardless of ethnic-group attachment. Conclusion These results suggest that a Latina mother's experience with ethnic and language-based discrimination is associated with her child's health, as indicated by doctor visits for illness, but that strong ethnic-group attachment may mitigate this association among recent immigrants.
Self-Assembled Networks and Molecular Gels Derived from Long-Chain, Naturally-Occurring Fatty Acids

Self-assembly of molecular gelators in a variety of liquids provides an attractive route for the construction of nanostructured materials with desired functionalities. This review focuses on correlations between structural features of gelators, specifically derivatives of long-chain, naturally-occurring fatty acids in which functional groups have been modified systematically and their gelation efficiencies in a wide range of liquids. It is shown that molecular packing at different distance scales within the gel assemblies and the microscopic and macroscopic physical properties of the gels are sensitive to even small changes in gelator sturcture and properties of the liquid component. Structural insights are provided to understand better the basis for the rational design of molecular gelators.
Survey of Nutrition Knowledge Level of Primary and Junior School Students Paterfamilias in Urban Area of Zhuhai

Objective To understand the nutrition knowledge level of the primary and secondary school students' paterfamilias and influencing factors, so as to explore effective measures to improve the students' status of nutrition. Methods Paterfamilias of 1 030 primary and secondary school students were selected to be surveyed with self-administrated questionnaire by cluster sampling method. Results Most of the paterfamilias' knowledge about nutrition were inadequate, and major influencing factors were their education level and economic status. Conclusion The nutrition knowledge of students' paterfamilias need to be enhanced, and health education among them should be strengthened.
Mini Passenger Car Engine Cooling System Iintegration Design

Introduce the structure of mini passager car engine cooling system,work contents of integration design,each parts parameter setting,relative parts parameter requirement,sample parts experimental verification,approved the new parts before batch production.It will be good reference for new vihicle design and new engine integrate.
The Variation of Growth And Development Of Children Below 5 Years Old In Juchao District From 1998 To 2009

Objective To analyze the status of the growth and development among children below 5 years old and the existing healthy problems,provide a scientific basis for making nutrition improvement strategy.Methods Children's status of the height and weight in this district were evaluated according to WHO Child Growth Standards(2006).The status of the growth and development of children below 5 years old in Juchao district from 1998 to 2009 were compared by using Z score method.Results From 1998 to 2009,the prevalence of underweight among children below 5 years old in Juchao district decreased from 2.8% to 0.5%,the prevalence of growth retardation decreased from 22.9% to 2.7%,the prevalence of overweight increased from 2.8% to 9.6%.The growth and development of the weight among children below 5 years old in Juchao district was faster than that of the height,the problems of growth-retardation obesity was existing in the growth and development of children below 5 years old in Juchao district.Conclusion From 1998 to 2009,the status of the growth and development among children below 5 years old had improved obviously,but the improvement of the height laged behind one of the weight.So we should enhance the quality of children supplementary foods to advance their growth and development.
Review of C. Bruce, M. Majumder, T. Bibler, L. McCullough, J. Blumenthal-Barby, N. Allen, A. Peña, and A. McGuire, Developing and Sustaining a Clinical Ethics Consultation Service: A Practical Guide1

Developing and Sustaining a Clinical Ethics Consultation Service: A Practical Guide (the Guide) lives up to its name. It is a handbook for ethics consultants that will surely be employed and refere...
The antisocial personality.

Like alcoholism and schizophrenia, antisocial personality, or sociopathy, has a significant genetic component, albeit associated with major environmental influences. Diagnostic criteria, chief amon...
Schur Polynomials and \(\mathrm{GL}(n, \mathbb{C})\)

Now let \(s_{\mu }(x_{1},\ldots,x_{n})\) be the symmetric polynomial \({\mathrm{ch}}^{(n)}(\mathbf{s}_{\mu })\); we will use the same notation s μ for the element \(\mathrm{ch}(\mathbf{s}_{\mu })\) of the inverse limit ring Λ defined by (34.10). These are the Schur polynomials.
Integrated implementation of ultra stable VCO using optical Self-ILPLL techniques

A cost effective realization of optically Self-ILPLL of a state of the art phase locked DRO system at 10GHz in a 19″ rack mountable box is realized with phase noise of −132dBc/Hz at 10 kHz offset carrier. Long optical delay lines of 3km and 5km are respectively used for achieving self-dual phase locking (SPLL) and self-injection locking (SIL) at 10GHz. Phase noise of this DRO is reduced from −83.0dBc/Hz to −104.5dBc/Hz at 1kHz offset using a SIL (1km) and dual-SPLL (3km and 5km) as an optical DSILPLL. The fiber optic delay line performances and their attributed residual phase noise are compared in terms of attained noise figure. The low-cost integrated DFB with Electro-Absorption Modulator (EAM-LD) resulted in 45dB noise figure, whereas single electrode and push-pull amplified dual electrodes Mach-Zehnder Modulator (MZM) resulted in noise figures of 44dB and 32dB, respectively using large linewidth DFB lasers.
Cognitive Behavior and Its Roles in Psychotherapy

During this century, on the impetus of the contributions of Pavlov, Thorndike, Watson, Hull, and Skinner, the behaviorist movement took shape. What distinguished it from all previous approaches to psychology was that the behaviorist movement treated the data of the field under the same rules that applied to the physical sciences (Pratt, 1939). Even the most complex and subtle forms of human experience were seen as functions of the physical organism. An impressive accumulation of knowledge of the lawful relations of learning and performance resulted.
The OS elixir: On the impact of operating system upgrades on mobile device lifespan

With the rapid proliferation of mobile devices, the issues of energy consumed to manufacture these devices and the environmental impact of electronic waste comes to the fore. One avenue to improve upon these issues is to increase the lifespan of these devices. Increase in mobile device lifespan can be achieved only if consumers retain their devices longer which could be accomplished by a combination of changes in hardware manufacturing processes, software upgrades, economic incentives, education, to name a few. The goal of this work is to specifically study the impact of operating system (OS) software upgrades on increase in mobile device lifespan. This work attempts to quantify how OS upgrades can bridge the performance gap between older devices and newer devices and motivate users to retain their devices longer. This work takes the approach of employing benchmarking tools to compare the performance of an older device to a newer device before and after an OS upgrade. Multiple devices and user applications are empirically evaluated to arrive at generalizable conclusions beginning with a conceptual framework to quantify the impact of OS upgrades.
Are you sure the patient is a CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolizer?

Aim: This study investigated the possible cause of false-positive detection of CYP2D6 gene duplication (CYP2D6XN) using the standard TaqMan-based real-time PCR assay from Thermo Fisher Scientific. Methods: Used samples of two copy carriers as control to evaluate the effect of sample storage condition and the reference genes with respect to test accuracy. Results: The standard test from Thermo Fisher Scientific produced false-positive results of the CYP2D6XN detection when samples were exposed to high temperature and high humidity. The unbalanced template stability between the CYP2D6 testing target and the RNase P reference target was likely the source of error. The problem was reduced but not eliminated when the telomerase reverse transcriptase gene was used as the reference. Conclusion: Special care is required in sample handling, testing and data verification to ensure accurate test results and avoid misdiagnosis of an individual as a CYP2D6 ultra-rapid metabolizer.
Using the ITAA meta-goals for outcomes assessment and program improvement.

The purpose of this special session was to share best practices in using the ITAA meta-goals to develop student learning outcomes for assessment and program improvement. The desired outcomes of this session were to 1) identify forces behind the assessment movement in higher education, 2) discuss the importance of faculty involvement in assessment, 3) identify characteristics of effective learning outcomes, 4) share various approaches to using the ITAA meta-goals in program assessment, and 5) engage session participants in a discussion on assessment in textile and apparel programs.
Prognostic Factors for Metachronous Contralateral Breast Cancer: Implications for Management of the Contralateral Breast.

The absolute number of breast cancer survivors who are at risk for metachronous contralateral breast cancer (mCBC) has dramatically increased. The objectives of this study were to identify factors predictive of survival for patients with mCBC and to determine clinicopathological factors predictive of advanced mCBC. Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results data base, we identified women, ages 18-80, diagnosed with invasive breast cancer from 1992 to 2010. We excluded patients with bilateral and stage IV primary breast cancer. Patients who developed mCBC ≥12 months from initial diagnosis were identified. Kaplan-Meier methods and Cox proportional hazards modeling were used to determine survival of patients with mCBC. Multivariate logistic regression was utilized to determine factors associated with advanced mCBC. We identified 6,673 patients who developed mCBC during our study period. The median interval between initial breast cancer and mCBC was 5 years. The strongest predictor of overall survival was the nodal status of the mCBC. Other significant prognostic factors included patient age; race; size, nodal status, estrogen receptor status, grade, and type of surgery of the initial breast cancer; grade of the mCBC; and use of radiation therapy for the mCBC. Overall, 25% of mCBCs were node positive. Younger age, black race, and characteristics of the initial breast cancer (increased size, invasive lobular histology, mastectomy treatment, and node-positivity) were significantly associated with node-positive mCBC (all p < 0.0.05). The most powerful predictor of survival for patients with mCBC is the nodal status of mCBC. Patients with advanced initial breast cancers are more likely to develop node-positive mCBC. Adherence to current surveillance and adjuvant therapy guidelines may minimize the risk and mortality of mCBCs.
Plans and Prospects for Coastal Flooding in Four Communities Affected by Sandy

AbstractThe risk of coastal flooding is increasing due to more frequent intense storm events, rising sea levels, and more people living in flood-prone areas. Although private adaptation measures can reduce damage and risk, most people living in risk-prone areas take only a fraction of those measures voluntarily. The present study examines relationships among individuals’ beliefs and actions regarding flood-related risks based on in-depth interviews and structured surveys in communities deeply affected by Superstorm Sandy. The authors find that residents recognize the risk of coastal flooding and expect it to increase, although they appear to underestimate by how much. Although interview participants typically cited climate change as affecting the risks that they face, survey respondents’ acceptance of climate change was unrelated to their willingness to tolerate coastal flooding risks, their beliefs about the effectiveness of community-level mitigation measures, or their willingness to take individual act...
Putting Field Education in Context: Preparing Students for Practice in an Urban Center.

Abstract Social workers in urban areas attempt to carry out the profession's commitment to social change and social justice amid growing inequality, racial polarization, and a physical environment that reflects fears and antipathy toward poor people who reside there. The authors argue that changing urban conditions have prompted a need for innovative models of field practice that specifically aim to prepare students for social work practice in the city. The paper describes a “mobile seminar” designed to enhance the field education of students preparing for practice with children and families in Detroit's inner city.
A System Model For Frameless Asynchronous High Dynamic Range Sensors

Modern motion camera sensors capture light in discrete frames, a residual artifact from the earliest days of video capture that imposes an unnecessary synchronizing constraint on all pixels (all pixels must start and stop measuring at the same time). While fixed time frames do offer some simplicity -- simpler sensor design, simpler encoding, and simpler transmission -- the rigidity of frames imposes significant costs in terms of dynamic range, precision and sensitivity, and we claim that with advances in hardware and software the time is ripe for a paradigm shift. We present the design of a novel sensor architecture capable of producing a frameless, asynchronous stream of high dynamic range pixel data. The key design insight is to use a high resolution timer to measure the period of time required to gather a per-pixel configurable amount of light rather than the amount of light gathered in a fixed period of time. A system model detailing how such a sensor can be integrated into existing multimedia systems and applications is proposed, exposing a number of interesting challenges with respect to representing and compressing asynchronous pixel data. Results of a preliminary investigation of a baseline scheme that repurposes existing frame synchronous video encoding methods (i.e., H.264) are presented.
Breast cancer and racial disparity between Caucasian and African American women, part 1 (BRCA-1).

e12033 Background: Despite the lower incidence of breast cancer among African American women they are more likely to die from the disease each year compared to their Caucasian counterparts. Socioec...
No Racial Difference in Rehabilitation Therapy Across All Post-Acute Care Settings in the Year Following a Stroke

Background and Purpose— Black stroke survivors experience greater poststroke disability than whites. Differences in post-acute rehabilitation may contribute to this disparity. Therefore, we estimated racial differences in rehabilitation therapy utilization, intensity, and the number of post-acute care settings in the first year after a stroke. Methods— We used national Medicare data to study 186 168 elderly black and white patients hospitalized with a primary diagnosis of stroke in 2011. We tabulated the proportion of stroke survivors receiving physical, occupational, and speech and language therapy in each post-acute care setting (inpatient rehabilitation facility, skilled nursing facility, and home health agency), minutes of therapy, and number of transitions between settings. We then used generalized linear models to determine whether racial differences in minutes of physical therapy were influenced by demographics, comorbidities, thrombolysis, and markers of stroke severity. Results— Black stroke patients were more likely to receive each type of therapy than white stroke patients. Compared with white stroke patients, black stroke patients received more minutes of physical therapy (897.8 versus 743.4; P P P P Conclusions— There are no clinically significant racial differences in rehabilitation therapy utilization or intensity after accounting for patient characteristics. It is unlikely that differences in rehabilitation utilization or intensity are important contributors to racial disparities in poststroke disability.
Clival metastasis from a gastrointestinal adenocarcinoma causing multiple cranial neuropathies.

A 78-year-old man with a history of benign prostatic hyperplasia presented with double vision, facial pain, altered taste and headache for 7 weeks. Neurological exam was notable for palsies of the right V, VI, VII and XII cranial nerves. An expansive clival mass and multiple lesions in the vertebra were found on MRI. Radionuclide studies showed extensive tumour burden in his liver and peritoneum. His serologies showed normal carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 levels and modestly elevated prostate-specific antigen, which was a red herring. Biopsy of his omentum was consistent with metastatic adenocarcinoma with immunostaining indicating an upper gastrointestinal primary tumour. The patient underwent several cycles of radiation therapy, but ultimately elected to pursue hospice care. This case demonstrates the presentation of multiple cranial neuropathies from a clival mass and an unusual primary source from an upper gastrointestinal tumour.
Formation of N,N-Dimethylacrylamide by a Multicenter Hydrocarbamoylation of C2H2 with N,N-Dimethylformamide Activated by Ru5(μ5-C)(CO)15

Hydrocarbamoylation of C2H2 by N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) to N,N-dimethylacrylamide was effected by a series of cluster-opening reactions with Ru5(μ5-C)(CO)15 (1). The reaction of 1 with DMF yielded the new complexes Ru5(μ5-C)(CO)14(μ-η2-O═CNMe2)(μ-H) (2) and a minor coproduct Ru5(μ5-C)(CO)13(HNMe2)(μ-η2-O═CNMe2)(μ-H) (3) by a cluster-opening activation of the formyl C–H bond of DMF. Compound 3 was obtained from 2 by a further reaction with DMF. Compound 3 reacted with C2H2 (1 atm, 70 °C) to yield Ru5(μ5-C)(CO)13(μ-η3-O═CNMe2CHCH)(μ-H) (4) by the addition and coupling of C2H2 to the bridging dimethylformamido ligand. Compound 4 contains a σ–π-coordinated, dimethylformamido-substituted vinyl ligand that bridges a Ru–Ru edge of an open Ru5C cluster. The formamido group is also coordinated to one of the metal atoms. The addition of CO (1 atm, 25 °C) to 4 yielded the CO adduct Ru5(μ5-C)(CO)14(η2-O═CNMe2CH═CH)(μ-H) (5) containing a chelating dimethylacrylamido ligand, which released dimethylacrylamide by the ...
Constitutional Disorders of Skeletal Development: The Skeletal Dysplasias

Constitutional disorders of skeletal development are inborn (primary) errors of skeletal growth and/or differentiation. They lead to abnormalities of skeletal form or structure called anomalies or malformations. Dwarfism is a major clinical manifestation of primary errors of skeletal development.
The future of animal manures as fertilizer or waste

Intensive animal husbandry can and often does result in the production of more wastes than there is land available to use them effectively. The addition of large amounts of slurry based on a policy of disposal or on nitrogen (N) use by crops will lead to the accumulation of phosphorus (P) in the surface soil and may result in the application of excessive amounts of potassium (K) with deleterious effects on crop quality and animal health. The crops able to use most slurry are grass and forage crops such as maize.
The One-Dimensional Maximum Principle

A function u(x) that is continuous on the closed interval* [a, b] takes on its maximum at a point on this interval. If u(x) has a continuous second derivative, and if u has a relative maximum at some point c between a and b, then we know from elementary calculus that $$ u'(c) = 0\;and\;u''(c) \leqslant 0 $$ (1) .
Fluctuations in the Abundance of a Species considered Mathematically

WITH regard to Prof. Volterra's interesting article, “Fluctuations in the Abundance of a Species considered Mathematically,” in NATURE of October 16, page 558, I may be permitted to point to certain prior publications on the subject, of which Prof. Volterra seems to be unaware. The general theory as well as a number of special cases have been set forth in “Elements of Physical Biology” (published by Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, 1925), in which work a considerable number of references to the journal literature are given. Among other things Prof. Volterra's diagram “Fig. 2” will be found on page go of the book cited; the expression for the period of isochronous small oscillations in the case of two species is also found on the same page. Prof. Volterra refers to certain applications of his analysis to problems of sea fisheries, to a passage in Darwin's “Origin of Species,” to extinction of species, to pathogenic germs, and to parasitology. An application to sea fisheries is found in the book cited on page 95; to a passage in Herbert Spencer on page 61; to the extinction of species on pages 94, 95; to pathogenic germs on pages 77, 79, 147 et seq.; to parasitology on page 83.
Integrative roles of microRNAs in lipid metabolism and dyslipidemia.

Purpose of review The purpose of the review is to discuss recent advances in microRNA (miRNA) regulation of lipid metabolism and highlight the importance of miRNA-mediated gene regulation in dyslipidemia and fatty liver disease. This article reviews examples of miRNAs that bridge disparate metabolic pathways in the liver. For example, we highlight miRNAs that are regulated by the sterol-sensing pathway in the liver that in turn regulate cellular or systemic cholesterol, fatty acid, and glucose levels. Recent findings The most widely studied of these miRNAs are miR-33a/b; however, we recently reported that miRNAs in the miR-183/96/182 cluster are also likely regulated by hepatic cholesterol content and mediate the observed glucose-lowering effects of the bile acid sequestrant colesevelam through the sterol-sensing pathway. In addition, several other hepatic and adipose miRNAs have been recently demonstrated to be key regulators of cellular lipid synthesis, storage, and catabolism, as well as systemic lipid metabolism. Moreover, many of these miRNAs are altered in fatty liver disease and dyslipidemia. Summary miRNAs are not just fine-tuners of lipid metabolism, but critical regulatory factors in lipid homeostasis and health. Loss of these miRNA regulatory modules very likely contributes to the underlying metabolic defects observed in lipid disorders.
Arteriovenous Fistula Is a Rare but Significant Finding After Endovenous Thermal Ablation

Endovenous thermal ablation (EVTA) has become the mainstay of treatment for symptomatic varicose veins in the setting of saphenous vein insufficiency. We observed 5 iatrogenic arteriovenous fistula...
Accidents: Prevention and Examples

As mentioned in Chapter 1, in order to have a safe operation, the system must be both designed and constructed to be safe, and it must also be operated in a safe manner. Safe operation requires excellent maintenance and housekeeping. Because new and different applications of cryogenics are frequently encountered, the possibility of inexperienced operators is always present. Furthermore, a new application might entail usage that does not have any precedent or existing applicable experience. Effective safety training is of the utmost importance, and the operators must not only be well versed in the basis of cryogenic safety but also have intimate knowledge of the system with which they are working. They must always be aware of the total inventory of cryogens and also know the location and amount of cryogen at every point in the system. Previous experiences, difficulties, failures, and accidents provide valuable knowledge that is important to anyone involved in the operation of a cryogenic system.
Compact and Low-loss Silicon Photonic Hybrid Mode and Wavelength (De)Multiplexer

A novel silicon photonic circuit for simultaneous Mode and Wavelength Division (De)Multiplexing is demonstrated via advanced simulation. This compact Si circuit uses optical phase shifters based on asymmetric waveguides.
Crowdsourcing a Trademark: What the Public Giveth, the Courts May Taketh Away

There is a long tradition of trademark holders relying on the public to create designations that they then adopt as trademark. Historically, this has been a long slow process. From the individual’s use of the term, to the acquisition of secondary meaning could take years. Web 2.0 social media has the potential to speed up this process. Frequently, these are nicknames for well-known brands, so they are potentially quite valuable. Trademark law is ambiguous regarding who owns a designation created by the public, if the individual claiming the mark have not appropriated the mark by actually using it in commerce. Ownership of the mark is one of the elements of a claim of trademark infringement. The Public Use doctrine attempts to solve this problem by imputing the public’s non-commercial use of the designation as a commercial use for the benefit of the referent-mark holder, and so permits the referent-mark holder to appropriate rights in the mark without actually using it in commerce. The Public Use doctrine may not be a sound basis on which to claim a crowd-sourced mark; therefore, this article looks at alternative remedies that are available to the referent-mark holder, and concludes unfair competition or infringement by trademark dilution are better remedies.
Why Won’t They Just Adopt Good Research Data Management Practices? An Exploration of Research Teams and Librarians’ Role in Facilitating RDM Adoption

Adoption of good research data management practices is increasingly important for research teams. Despite the work the research community has done to define best data management practices, these practices are still difficult to adopt for many research teams. Universities all around the world have been offering Research Data Services to help their research groups, and libraries are usually an important part of these services. A better understanding of the pressures and factors that affect research teams may help librarians serve these groups more effectively. The social interactions between the members of a research team are a key element that influences the likelihood of a research group successfully adopting best practices in data management. In this article we adapt the Unified Theory of the Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model (Venkatesh, Morris, Davis, & Davis, 2003) to explain the variables that can influence whether new and better, data management practices will be adopted by a research group. We describe six moderating variables: size of the team, disciplinary culture, group culture and leadership, team heterogeneity, funder, and dataset decisions. We also develop three research group personas as a way of navigating the UTAUT model, and as a tool Research Data Services practitioners can use to target interactions between librarians and research groups to make them more effective.
Systemic vasculitides and the role of multitechnique imaging in the diagnosis

Vasculitis, a systemic disease characterised by inflammation of the blood vessels, remains challenging to diagnose and manage. Vessel size has been the basis for classifying systemic vasculitides. Imaging plays a vital role in diagnosing this challenging disease. This review article aims (a) to summarise up-to-date literature in this field, as well as include classification updates and (b) to review available imaging techniques, recent advances, and emphasis on imaging findings to diagnose large vessel vasculitides.
Protecting User Data Privacy with Adversarial Perturbations: Poster Abstract

The increased availability of on-body sensors gives researchers access to rich time-series data, many of which are related to human health conditions. Sharing such data can allow cross-institutional collaborations that create advanced data-driven models to make inferences on human well-being. However, such data are usually considered privacy-sensitive, and publicly sharing this data may incur significant privacy concerns. In this work, we seek to protect clinical time-series data against membership inference attacks, while maximally retaining the data utility. We achieve this by adding an imperceptible noise to the raw data. Known as adversarial perturbations, the noise is specially trained to force a deep learning model to make inference mistakes (in our case, mispredicting user identities). Our preliminary results show that our solution can better protect the data from membership inference attacks than the baselines, while succeeding in all the designed data quality checks.
Accuracy of FEMA-Hazus Single-Family Residential Damage Exposure Data in Houston: Implications for Using or Correcting the Hazus General Building Stock

AbstractSingle-family residential building damage exposure data from the FEMA-Hazus general building stock data set (HGBS) are compared with corresponding Harris County (Houston, Texas) assessor da...
A hybrid approach to distance education technology: tailor made for the United States fire service

Due to increasing demands, professional requirements, emergent technologies, and new threats to public safety, fire service professionals have an ever increasing need for access to higher education. In addressing that need, the University of North Carolina at Charlotte has initiated distance education classes as a part of the Fire and Safety Engineering Technology Program. Distance education enables the fire science degree-seeking student to access upper level college fire classes in the fire station or in the comfort of their own home. This paper describes the need for such a program, the strategies and technologies involved at UNC Charlotte, and the favorable outcomes that have resulted from the institution of this program.
Chapter 15 Preparative HPLC of carbohydrates

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) of carbohydrates. Preparative HPLC is used for the specific purpose of isolating pure carbohydrates for subsequent use. Optimal preparative HPLC occurs when the desired amount of a pure compound is isolated in the shortest amount of time using the least amount of resources. Preparative HPLC is often carried out on analytic-scale equipment where only minor changes in hardware, such as installing a larger-volume injector loop, are required. Precolumns are highly recommended for preserving the life of analytical columns used in the preparative mode. Either universal (variable capacity) or fixed-loop injectors are suitable for preparative injections. For manual, preparative injections, regular fixed-loop injectors may be equipped with large volume sample loops. Preparative HPLC requires the repeated injection of relatively large samples onto the column's stationary phase. These rigorous conditions can easily lead to unwanted losses in column efficiency and capacity. Loss of capacity can occur if the bonded phase is degraded or is hydrolyzed from the matrix material of the stationary phase.
Cefamandole-susceptible strains of Legionella pneumophila serogroup 1: implications for diagnosis and utility as an epidemiological marker

The standard selective Legionella medium that contains cefamandole failed to grow legionella pneumophila serogroup 1, subtype Bellingham, from a sputum sample from a patient with nosocomial Legionnaires' disease; the isolate did grow on a similar selective medium that substitutes vancomycin for cefamandole. Two Bellingham isolates from this patient's hospital environment also failed to grow when tested on the cefamandole medium. We tested 106 additional L. pneumophila serogroup 1 isolates that belonged to nine different monoclonal antibody subtypes and demonstrated that susceptibility to cefamandole was rare (10%) and limited to the Bellingham subtype. The diagnosis of Legionnaires' disease may be missed unless the culture protocol includes both a nonselective medium and a selective medium that does not contain cefamandole. In vitro susceptibility to cefamandole also provided an epidemiologic marker that linked a water source for a patient to nosocomial Legionnaires' disease.
A normal platelet count may not be enough: the impact of admission platelet count on mortality and transfusion in severely injured trauma patients.

Background Platelets play a central role in hemostasis after trauma. However, the platelet count of most trauma patients does not fall below the normal range (100-450 × 10(9)/L), and as a result, admission platelet count has not been adequately investigated as a predictor of outcome. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between admission platelet count and outcomes after trauma. Methods A retrospective cohort study of 389 massively transfused trauma patients. Regression methods and the Kruskal-Wallis test were used to test the association between admission platelet count and 24-hour mortality and units of packed red blood cells (PRBCs) transfused. Results For every 50 × 10(9)/L increase in admission platelet count, the odds of death decreased 17% at 6 hours (p = 0.03; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.70-0.99) and 14% at 24 hours (p = 0.02; 95% CI, 0.75-0.98). The probability of death at 24 hours decreased with increasing platelet count. For every 50 × 10(9)/L increase in platelet count, patients received 0.7 fewer units of blood within the first 6 hours (p = 0.01; 95% CI, -1.3 to -0.14) and one less unit of blood within the first 24 hours (p = 0.002; 95% CI, -1.6 to -0.36). The mean number of units of PRBCs transfused within the first 6 hours and 24 hours decreased with increasing platelet count. Conclusions Admission platelet count was inversely correlated with 24-hour mortality and transfusion of PRBCs. A normal platelet count may be insufficient after severe trauma, and as a result, these patients may benefit from a lower platelet transfusion threshold. Future studies of platelet number and function after injury are needed.
Rescuing aberrant phenotypes and cognitive deficits in FMRP-deficient female mice (845.6)

Identifying the causes and pathogenic mechanisms of neurodevelopmental diseases such as Fragile X syndrome (FXS) is complex. It has been reported that, in FXS, there is an unusually high density of...
Physician counseling on firearm safety: a new kind of cultural competence

This Viewpoint discusses the need for physicians to develop cultural competence in firearm safety counseling as a strategy to improve patient and public health. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimates that 33 636 deaths and 84 258 nonfatal injuries from firearms occurred in the United States in 2013. Physician counseling concerning gun safety has been identified as a key component of the prevention of firearm injury and deaths. However, recently proposed or enacted state laws that are perceived as restricting physicians’ conversations with patients about firearms have spurred debates about the role of physicians in preventing firearm injury and death. In response, medical, legal, and public health organizations published a statement defending freedom in the physician-patient relationship and the right for physicians to be able to speak openly with patients about firearm safety.... Language: en
Neural signatures of third-party punishment: evidence from penetrating traumatic brain injury

The ability to survive within a cooperative society depends on impartial third-party punishment (TPP) of social norm violations. Two cognitive mechanisms have been postulated as necessary for the successful completion of TPP: evaluation of legal responsibility and selection of a suitable punishment given the magnitude of the crime. Converging neuroimaging research suggests two supporting domain-general networks; a mentalizing network for evaluation of legal responsibility and a central-executive network for determination of punishment. A whole-brain voxel-based lesion-symptom mapping approach was used in conjunction with a rank-order TPP task to identify brain regions necessary for TPP in a large sample of patients with penetrating traumatic brain injury. Patients who demonstrated atypical TPP had specific lesions in core regions of the mentalizing (dorsomedial prefrontal cortex [PFC], ventromedial PFC) and central-executive (bilateral dorsolateral PFC, right intraparietal sulcus) networks. Altruism and executive functioning (concept formation skills) were significant predictors of TPP: altruism was uniquely associated with TPP in patients with lesions in right dorsolateral PFC and executive functioning was uniquely associated with TPP in individuals with lesions in left PFC. Our findings contribute to the extant literature to support underlying neural networks associated with TPP, with specific brain-behavior causal relationships confirming recent functional neuroimaging research.
Before the Neanderthals: Hominid Evolution in Middle Pleistocene Europe

Hublin’s (1998) influential “accretion model” essentially places all Middle Pleistocene European fossils in a single variable lineage culminating in Homo neanderthalensis. In this contribution I briefly examine the morphological justification (1) for regarding Homo neanderthalensis as a fully individuated Late Pleistocene entity, and (2) for the coexistence not of one but for two hominid clades (at least) in Europe during the Middle Pleistocene. One of those clades is entirely endemic to Europe and includes, along with the Neanderthals, hominids such as those from Steinheim, Reilingen and the Sima de los Huesos at Atapuerca. The other, broadly contemporaneous with it, shows none of the cranial synapomorphies of this “Neanderthal clade.” Instead, it unites forms such as Mauer, Arago and Petralona with a cosmopolitan group of fossils that includes Kabwe and Bodo in Africa, and Dali and Jinniushan in China. It is to this group that the nomen Homo heidelbergensis applies; and as long as the Neanderthal-related Sima de los Huesos specimens continue to be misguidedly attributed to Homo heidelbergensis, major confusion will reign in European Middle Pleistocene hominid systematics.
The absence of longitudinal data limits the accuracy of high-throughput clinical phenotyping for identifying type 2 diabetes mellitus subjects

Abstract Purpose To evaluate the impact of insufficient longitudinal data on the accuracy of a high-throughput clinical phenotyping (HTCP) algorithm for identifying (1) patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and (2) patients with no diabetes. Methods Retrospective study conducted at Mayo Clinic in Rochester, Minnesota. Eligible subjects were Olmsted County residents with ≥1 Mayo Clinic encounter in each of three time periods: (1) 2007, (2) from 1997 through 2006, and (3) before 1997 ( N =54,283). Diabetes relevant electronic medical record (EMR) data about diagnoses, laboratories, and medications were used. We employed the HTCP algorithm to categorize individuals as T2DM cases and non-diabetes controls. Considering the full 11years (1997–2007) as the gold standard, we compared gold-standard categorizations with those using data for 10 subsequent intervals, ranging from 1998–2007 (10-year data) to 2007 (1-year data). Positive predictive values (PPVs) and false-negative rates (FNRs) were calculated. McNemar tests were used to determine whether categorizations using shorter time periods differed from the gold standard. Statistical significance was defined as P Results We identified 2770 T2DM cases and 21,005 controls when the algorithm was applied using 11-year data. Using 2007 data alone, PPVs and FNRs, respectively, were 70% and 25% for case identification and 59% and 67% for control identification. All time frames differed significantly from the gold standard, except for the 10-year period. Conclusions The accuracy of the algorithm reduced remarkably as data were limited to shorter observation periods. This impact should be considered carefully when designing/executing HTCP algorithms.
A Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Peptide-Triazole HIV Entry Inhibitor Binding to gp120 Hydrophobic Core

The envelope spike on HIV surface is a non-covalent trimer of gp120 and gp41 dimers; with gp120 responsible for binding to the CD4 receptor and the mandatory coreceptor, CCR5 or CXCR4. Blocking the gp120-CD4 or gp120-coreceptor interaction can block viral entry and infection. The HNG family of peptides (sequence RINNIXWSEAMM, X= derivatized azidoproline) is a promising class of dual-site entry inhibitors thought to allosterically inhibit the binding process and trap the flexible gp120 molecule in an inactive state. To date, there have been no reports on the structure of the peptide or the peptide/gp120 complex. Here we have used Molecular Dynamics to develop a docking model in which the peptide binds in a tripartite fashion, preventing the formation of the bridging sheet in gp120, which is necessary for coreceptor attachment and initiation of entry. The protein undergoes significant induced fit conformational changes involving movement of large loops which allows the peptide to bind tightly. Our model is consistent with experimental observations on the peptide footprint on gp120, pointing to a hydrophobic core underneath the bridging sheet and close to the F43 pocket as the putative binding site. Our results provide an explanation for why the stereochemistry of the triazole moiety on the proline is important for peptide function, in addition to explaining the inactivity of D-tryptophan in the sequence. Furthermore, saturation transfer difference (STD) NMR experiments point to the I-X-P hydrophobic center on the peptide as the central contact point in the complex, which is consistent with the peptide pose proposed in MD studies. Our model may provide a unique basis for rational design of allosteric entry inhibitors of HIV and ultimately small molecule inhibitors of viral entry.
Herpes zoster: prevention, diagnosis, and treatment--2008 update.

PURPOSE To provide the wound care practitioner with a review of strategies to diagnose, prevent, and manage herpes zoster. TARGET AUDIENCE This continuing education activity is intended for physicians and nurses with an interest in skin and wound care. OBJECTIVES After reading this article and taking this test, the reader should be able to: 1. Identify signs and symptoms of herpes zoster. 2. Describe herpes zoster complications and treatment. 3. Discuss means of preventing herpes zoster.
Neutral cometary atmospheres. I - An average random walk model for photodissociation in comets

A method for constructing physically realistic photochemical models, taking into account the isotropic ejection of dissociated molecular fragments as well as radiation pressure acceleration, has been developed using Monte Carlo techniques. The effect of the isotropic ejection, as opposed to the radial motion arbitrarily assumed in Haser's model, is adequately described by a simple average random walk model. It is shown that measured radial (Haser) scale lengths are in fact only lower limits to a range of possible true scale lengths for a given brightness profile, which explains the current discrepancies between observed scale lengths and those predicted by photochemistry.
Mutual halo effects in cultural production: the case of modernist architecture

Previous research has suggested that in cultural production fields the concatenation of eminence explains success, defined as influence and innovation. We propose that individuals in fields as diverse as philosophy, literature, mathematics, painting, or architecture gain visibility by cumulating the eminence of others connected to them across and within generations. We draw on interaction ritual chain and social movement theories, and use evidence from the field of modernist architecture, to formulate a model of how networks of very strong ties generate motivations and emotional enthusiasm, change reputations, and form collective movements that over time transform the structure of cultural fields. Because major aesthetic innovations break sharply with older styles, they need very strong group solidarity over a long period of time to propagate a new standard of practice. We propose mutual halo effects, i.e., the reciprocal reinforcement of upstream and downstream prestige on a given individual node, as the key factor accounting for success in a cultural production field. We discuss the relevance of these results for building a model of influence and innovation in cultural production fields in which networks—reshaped by shifting technological, political, and economic conditions—trigger new styles.
Azimuthal Anisotropy in Deep Core-Level X-Ray Photoemission from an Adsorbed Atom: Oxygen on Copper(001)

For oxygen adsorbed on a Cu(001) surface, the O $1s$ x-ray photoelectron intensity is found to exhibit a complex azimuthal anisotropy with an overall amplitude of \ensuremath{\sim} 26% for a grazing 10\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} angle of emission. No significant anisotropy is observed at 45\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. Several reasons for expecting a direct relationship between such final-state scattering effects and atomic geometry are discussed, and the data are found to be suggestive of a surface-chemisorbed $c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}2)$ oxygen overlayer in fourfold coordination.