cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Acute effects of insulin-like growth factor I and insulin on glucose metabolism in vivo.

We have compared the actions of insulin-like growth factor (IGF-I) and insulin on glucose metabolism in vivo, using the glucose clamp technique in rats. Both hormones caused dose-dependent inhibition of hepatic glucose production, stimulation of whole body glucose disposal, and an increase in the glucose metabolic rate of specific muscles. Infusion of IGF-I also decreased the plasma concentration of insulin. An an infusion rate of 0.57 nmol.kg-1.min-1, IGF-I led to stimulation of whole body glucose uptake that was similar to the glucose uptake produced by infusion of 0.01 nmol.kg-1.min-1 insulin. The glucose metabolic rate, as measured by 2-deoxy-D-glucose uptake, was comparable in quadriceps femoris, soleus, and diaphragm muscles during the infusion of 0.57 nmol.kg-1.min-1 IGF-I and 0.01 nmol.kg-1.min-1 insulin. However, at these rates of infusion, IGF-I caused only a 38 +/- 6% inhibition of hepatic glucose output compared with 66 +/- 12% inhibition by insulin (P less than 0.05). Thus, under these conditions, muscle is more responsive than liver to IGF-I, which agrees with the complement of IGF-I receptors in the two tissues.
Vitamin E suppresses ex vivo osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized rats

Postmenopausal osteoporosis may be caused, in part, by oxidative stress and inflammation. Vitamin E is a strong antioxidant which has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and bone-protective effects. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of various doses of supplemental vitamin E on osteoclastogenesis in ovariectomized rats. Sixty 12-month-old female Sprague-Dawley rats were sham-operated (Sham) or ovariectomized (Ovx; 4 groups) and fed a diet containing basal levels of vitamin E (75 mg D-α tocopherol acetate per kg diet) for 220 days. Rats in three of the Ovx groups were given supplemental doses of vitamin E (300, 525, and 750 mg D-α tocopherol acetate per kg diet) for the last 100 days. Femoral bone marrow cells were isolated, cultured, and osteoclasts were counted and normalized to 1000 total bone marrow cells. Blood monocyte and lymphocyte counts were also determined. Osteoclast number was significantly higher in the Ovx control group and was suppressed by all three doses of vitamin E, although more effectively in the Ovx group that received 300 mg per kg diet vitamin E. Additionally, vitamin E suppressed the Ovx-induced increase in monocyte and lymphocyte production. The results of this study suggest that vitamin E supplementation suppresses osteoclastogenesis, possibly by inhibiting monocyte and lymphocyte production.
Gene map of the new world Bolivian owl monkey, Aotus

Somatic cell hybrids between rodent cells and owl monkey cells preferentially segregating primate chromosomes were selected for mapping owl monkey genes. Concordant segregation of phenotype and chromosome in 35 independent hybrid clones and 105 subclones with different reduced owl monkey complements provided evidence for the assignment of 17 gene loci to 9 chromosomes of the Bolivian owl monkey with a karyotype VI (2n = 49 male, 50 female). The assignments include: MDH1 to chromosome 2, MDH2 to chromosome 4, FH to chromosome 6, LDHB to chromosome 10, NP-MPI-PKM2-SORD to chromosome 11, PGM1-PGD-AK2-ENO1 to chromosome 12, LDHA to chromosome 19, GPI to chromosome 25 and PGK-G6PD-GLA to the X chromosome.
Characterization of Materials and Devices by Near-Field Scanning Optical Microscopy

Near field scanning optical microscopy (NSOM) is a recent technique where a tapered single-mode optical fiber probe is scanned over a sample surface at a height of a fraction of the wavelength. The tapered fiber provides a tiny aperture (a ~ 70nm) through which light is coupled and can yield resolutions as high as ~ λ/40. We have used both room and low-temperature NSOM to study the local spectroscopic characteristics of a wide variety of material systems, from quantum dots and wires, to ordered GaInP, to heterojunctions and optoelectronic devices. Low temperature near-field photoluminescence spectroscopy was used to study spectral emission maps of a set of samples of GaInP epilayers with varying degrees of ordering. The samples exhibit two peaks, a low energy (LE) and a high energy (HE) peak. Our data are inconsistent with expectations that the LE peak is due to emission from domain boundaries and alternative models will be discussed. NSOM spectral maps can yield information about the spatial dependence of the local optical matrix elements. NSOM data on the emission mode structure of strained (In,Ga)As quantum well lasers has yielded new information on the source kinks in the light response at high currents, while local photocurrent spectroscopy using the tip as a point source of photons provides analysis of the semiconductor layer composition.
Real-time Edge Enhancement Using Dye-doped Liquid Crystal Films

Edge enhancement, a type of intensity filtering of two-dimensional optical image, was demonstrated using dye-doped photorefractive liquid crystal films. We calculate the expected images using four wave mixing geometries, which show good agreement with the image that we experimentally observed using dye-doped liquid crystal as the photorefractive materials.
AT WHAT FLOW RATE DOES AORTIC VALVE GRADIENT BECOME SEVERELY ELEVATED? IMPLICATIONS FOR GUIDELINE RECOMMENDATIONS ON VALVE AREA CUTOFFS

Current guidelines state: Aortic stenosis (AS) is severe when valve area (AVA) is < 1.0 cm2 and mean aortic valve gradient (mAVG) exceeds 40 mmHg. We sought to determine AVA at which mAVG tends to exceed 40 mmHg in subjects with varied transvalvular flow rates. Our echocardiography database was
Design and Implementation of Multi Path Ultrasonic Flow Meter Base on FPGA

Design and implementation of multi path ultrasonic flow meter based on FPGA( Field-Programmable Gate Array) with its flexible configuration and abundant hardware logic resources. The paper introduced the measuring principle and method of ultrasonic flow meter,and the design of whole hardware including inner logic and peripheral circuits of FPGA. Also it presented the transmission circuit of ultrasonic transducer,the receiving and amplifier circuits,the automatic switching circuit of transmit transducer and receiving transducer. It completed the main control program flow,realized the high pulse transmitting,auto gain control of receive signal,high speed measurement of propagation time. The multi path ultrasonic flow meter has,better expansibility,high accuracy and long distance path measurement.
Comparative Area and Parasitics Analysis in FinFET and Heterojunction Vertical TFET Standard Cells

Vertical tunnel field-effect transistors (VTFETs) have been extensively explored to overcome the scaling limits and to improve on-current (ION) compared to standard lateral device structures for the future technologies. The benefits in terms of reduced footprint, high ION and feasibility of fabrication have been demonstrated in several works. Among various VTFETs, the asymmetric heterojunction vertical tunnel FETs (HVTFETs) have emerged as one of the promising alternatives to standard transistors for low-voltage applications. However, while such device-level benefits without parasitics have been widely investigated, logic-gate design with parasitics and layout implications are not clear. In this article, we investigate and compare the layouts and parasitic capacitances and resistances of HVTFETs with FinFETs. Due to the vertical device structure of HVTFETs, a smaller footprint is observed compared to FinFETs in cells with small fan-in. However, for high fan-in cells, HVTFETs exhibit area overheads due to infeasibility of contact sharing in parallel and series transistors. These area overheads also lead to approximately 48p higher parasitic capacitance and resistance compared to FinFETs when the number of parallel and series connections increases. Further, in order to analyze the impact of parasitics, we modeled the analytical parasitics in SPICE. The models for both HVTFETs and FinFETs with parasitics were used to simulate a 15-stage inverter-based ring oscillator (RO) in order to compare the delay and energy. Our simulation results clearly show that HVTFETs exhibit less delay at a VDD
Sluggish Cognitive Tempo and Speed of Performance

Objective: This study examined whether college students who reported higher levels of sluggish cognitive tempo (SCT) symptoms were actually more “sluggish” in their performance while completing spe...
Solar powered desalination system using Fresnel lens

The Philippines is surrounded by coastal areas and these areas can be a potential source for potable water. This study aims to design and construct a solar powered desalination system using Fresnel lens. The experimental study was conducted using polluted salt water for the sample and desalination was carried out using the designed system. The desalination system was composed of the solar concentrator, solar still and the condenser system. The Fresnel lens was made of acrylic plastic and was an effective solar concentrator. Solar stills made of dark colored glass bottles were effective in absorbing the solar energy. The condenser system made of polybutylene and polystyrene were effective in condensing the vapor at ambient temperature. The shortest time of vaporization of the salt water was at 293 sec and the optimum angle of position of the lens was 36.42°. The amount of condensate collected was directly proportional to the amount of salt water in the solar still. The highest mean efficiency of the designed set-up was 34.82%. The water produced by the solar powered desalination system using Fresnel lens passed the standards set by WHO (World Health Organization) for drinking water.
Skeletal Muscle PPARδ Increases Acutely with Resistance Exercise Inversely Proportional to Body Fat Percentage

PurposePPARδ expression in skeletal muscle has been shown to increase in response to resistance exercise training in our laboratory. However, it is unclear whether PPARδ expression is affected by a...
Evidential Sensor Fusion of Long-Wavelength Infrared Stereo Vision and 3D-LIDAR for Rangefinding in Fire Environments

A method of sensor fusion was developed to combine long-wavelength infrared (LWIR) stereo vision and a spinning LIDAR for improved rangefinding in smoke-obscured environments. This method allows rangefinding in clear and smoke conditions, relying on LIDAR’s high accuracy in clear conditions and the perception ability of LWIR cameras in smoke. Sensor data were combined using evidential (Dempster–Shafer) theory in a 3D multi-resolution voxel domain for occupied and free space states. A heuristic method was produced for separating significantly attenuated and low-attenuation LIDAR returns using return intensity and distance. A sensor model was developed to apply free space state information from LIDAR high-attenuation returns. Sensor models were developed for applying occupied and free space state information from LIDAR low-attenuation returns and from LWIR stereo vision points. The fusion method was evaluated in two fire environments: a room-hallway scenario with a range of clear to dense-smoke conditions and a shipboard fire scenario. Room-hallway tests were evaluated by assessing performance against baseline rangefinding. For the occupied state, the fusion method and LIDAR are within typically 5% to 10% for clear conditions, and the fusion method is more accurate than the LIDAR by typically 5% to 10% for smoke conditions, with LIDAR providing no data in the densest smoke. For the free space state, the fusion method outperformed the LIDAR in smoke conditions by as much as 40% and was typically within 5% of the LIDAR in clear conditions.
HIV Risk, Substance Use, and Personality Characteristics among Adults with History of Serious Mental Illness

The present study examined the relationship between characteristics associated with personality disorders, substance use, and HIV risk among adults with a history of serious mental illness. Participants included 103 adults with antisocial or borderline personality disorder, serious mental illness, and recent HIV risk behavior. The sample was predominately male (64%), diverse (42% African American and 13% Hispanic), and homeless/marginally housed (76%). In order to examine the relationship between personality characteristics and risk we constructed a risk index comprising key symptoms of antisocial and borderline personality disorders, namely; impulsivity, affective instability, and disregard for safety of self/others. Contrary to our primary hypotheses, risk index scores did not predict HIV risk behavior and substance abuse did not mediate this risk. Exploratory analyses did reveal that women engaged in significantly more risk behaviors than their male counterparts and that risk scores were a significant predictor of total sex acts for women but not men. In addition, increased emotional dysregulation was a significant predictor of condomless sex acts for women but not men. Finally, recent alcohol use and increased impulsivity was associated with more condomless oral sex for men and women. These results suggest the relationship among serious mental illness, personality disorder, substance abuse, and gender is complex and merits further study.
Associative mechanisms underlying the function of satiety cues in the control of energy intake and appetitive behavior

While previous research has identified a number of metabolic, neural, and hormonal events that could serve as potential satiety signals, the mechanisms that enable satiety signals to suppress food-seeking and eating behavior remain poorly specified. Here we investigate the idea that the inhibitory power of satiety signals is derived, at least in part, from their ability to signal that foods and food-related stimuli will not be followed by reinforcing postingestive consequences. Viewed in this way, the signaling relationship in which satiety cues are embedded defines what is known in Pavlovian conditioning as a "serial feature negative" (sFN) discrimination problem. In this problem a "negative feature" cue precedes the presentation of a "target" cue on trials without reinforcement. In contrast, the target is reinforced on trials when the negative feature cue is not presented. Satiety cues can be seen as paralleling the function of negative feature cues in that they signal when food-related target cues will be nonreinforced. We conducted two experiments with rats that assessed if satiety signals functioned like negative feature stimuli. Experiment 1 explicitly pretrained satiety cues as negative feature stimuli, irrelevant stimuli, or under conditions where their ability to serve as negative feature stimuli would be attenuated. Control by satiety cues was highly sensitive to these experimental contingencies, with the best performance exhibited by rats given sFN pretraining. This sFN pretraining also transferred to enhance performance during subsequent training on another sFN problem with both external and internal negative feature cues. We also found that discriminative control by satiety cues blocked the development of that control by external cues. Experiment 2 evaluated whether a manipulation known to impair sFN performance with external negative feature cues (i.e., maintenance on a western diet) would also impair sFN performance when satiety cues were trained as negative feature stimuli. The results showed that compared to standard chow, WD intake impaired sFN performance similarly with both types of stimuli. These experiments provide evidence that an associative mechanism, like that underlying sFN performance, is involved with the control of appetitive behavior by satiety cues.
Arrested Development: Pursuing a Higher Education in Carceral Contexts:

Engaging in pro-social activities such as postsecondary education during incarceration can help to transform offenders and move them in noncriminal directions. This article explores the process of ...
METHODS FOR ANALYSIS OF DENITRIFICATION IN SOILS

Many different methods have been devised and are currently being used to evaluate either qualitatively or quantitatively the process of denitrification. A descriptive and critical discussion of these methods is presented in the text. Basically the following five approaches are considered: 1) indirect analyses (available carbon, Eh, bacterial numbers), 2) disappearance of nitrate, 3) 15N tracers, 4) 13N tracers, 5) evolution of N2O and N2. Considerable attention is given to the importance of N2O, the direct precursor to N2, in soil atmospheres. The most important kinetic factors that effect the formation and destruction of N2O are nitrate concentration and aeration. Kinetic analyses of these factors coupled with the use of inhibitors which block the reduction of N2O to N2 in situ offer the best hope for direct measurement of denitrification in soil.
Evaluation of Dummy Neck Performance

As the structural link between the head and chest, the neck plays a vital role in determining the dynamics of the head during indirect impact. This paper discusses the factors involved in specifying and quantifying the dynamic performance of dummy neck simulations.
Fuzzy Inference, Radial Basis Functions, and Control of Flexible Robotic Manipulators

Fuzzy inference systems can be regarded as linear models, i.e. they can be represented by a linear combination of a set of basis functions. These systems are structuraly similar to those in the class of neural networks consisting of a collection of locally-tuned units. Therefore, coming up with the appropriate set of fuzzy rules to generate the corresponding fuzzy basis function expansion is analogous to the problem of efficiently placing the centers of the neural network receptive fields. This is accomplished by using an efficient orthogonal least squares algorithm. The technique is applied to control a two link manipulator consisting of one rigid link and one flexible link. The results are shown and analyzed.
Pricing irrigation water under asymmetric information and cost recovery constraints

The objective of this paper is to discuss how policy makers may deal with irrigation water pricing under asymmetric information, positive transaction costs on payments and cost recovery constraints. The issue is dealt with through the development of a principal agent model and its application to a pilot case study in Emilia Romagna, Italy. The results show that using a menu of contracts may improve the overall social welfare derived from irrigation. However, differences in performance among instruments (and hence the choice of the optimal pricing strategy) are critically determined by the amount of the full cost of water and of transaction costs. Moreover, differentiation among farmers may encounter policy obstacles as a potential source of conflicts.
A Pilot Study Using the First Cervical Vertebra as an Indicator of Race

The articular surfaces and vertebral foramen of the first cervical vertebra can be used to estimate race from complete and fragmentary specimens. Eight measurements taken from 200 vertebrae from the Terry and Hamann-Todd collections (Smithsonian Institution and Cleveland Museum of Natural History, respectively) were used to construct 13 discriminant functions that predict race with 76-60% accuracy.
Shifting Losses: The Impact of Fannie's and Freddie's Conservatorships on Commercial Banks

In fall 2008, the Federal Housing Finance Agency (FHFA) placed mortgage giants Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac in conservatorship. As conservator, the FHFA has control over the operations of both companies, but it faces conflicting mandates. On the one hand, the FHFA is tasked with stabilizing the secondary mortgage market and providing access to mortgage credit. Achieving this task encourages Fannie and Freddie to absorb some mortgage-related losses. On the other hand, the FHFA is tasked with returning Fannie and Freddie to financial health. For Fannie and Freddie to return to financial health, they must minimize their losses, perhaps by passing those losses along to commercial banks. This Article examines how the FHFA as conservator resolves its conflicting mandates. The Article examines the FHFA’s key loss-shifting decisions and the impact of those decisions on commercial banks. In particular, it inspects (1) the FHFA’s decision to allow Fannie and Freddie to continue their activity in the secondary mortgage market, (2) the FHFA’s decision to allow the Department of the Treasury to recapitalize Fannie and Freddie in a way that resulted in large losses for holders of Fannie and Freddie stock, and (3) the FHFA’s decision to enforce Fannie’s and Freddie’s rights against sellers of mortgages and private-label mortgage-backed securities. The Article concludes that as a result of its conflicting mandates, the FHFA has allowed Fannie and Freddie to absorb losses — particularly when those losses would otherwise have been transferred to the large, systemically important banks. In other instances, the FHFA has shifted Fannie and Freddie losses to small community banks. Such loss transfer practices have the potential to cause undue consolidation in the banking industry and exacerbate the problem of financial institutions that are too big to fail. While such loss transfer practices may be consistent with the FHFA’s conflicting mandates, they are troubling because the FHFA’s decisions are often made behind closed doors with little opportunity for the public to determine whether the FHFA is striking the right balance between its market stabilization and loss prevention goals. This Article urges the FHFA to adopt disclosure practices that will allow the public to evaluate the Enterprises’ loss-shifting policies.
Distributed Economic Model Predictive Control with Safeness-Index Based Constraints of a Nonlinear Chemical Process

In this work, sequential and iterative distributed economic model predictive control (DEMPC) designs with constraints on a state-based safety metric (Safeness Index) are demonstrated for an ethylene oxidation process. The results indicate that distributing the calculations of a Lyapunov-based economic model predictive control (LEMPC) design with Safeness Index-based constraints may improve computation time compared to utilizing a centralized design while maintaining the state in a safe operating region and improving economic performance compared to steady-state operation.
Effects of subanesthetic intravenous ketamine infusion on neuroplasticity-related proteins in the prefrontal cortex, amygdala, and hippocampus of Sprague-Dawley rats.

Abstract Ketamine, a multimodal dissociative anesthetic, is a powerful analgesic administered following trauma due to its hemodynamic and respiratory stability. However, ketamine can cause hallucination and dissociation which may adversely impact traumatic memory after an injury. The effects of ketamine on proteins implicated in neural plasticity are unclear due to different doses, routes, and timing of drug administration in previous studies. Here, we investigated the effects of a single intravenous (IV) ketamine infusion on protein levels in three brain regions of rats. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats with indwelling IV catheters underwent an auditory fear conditioning (three pairings of tone and mild footshock 0.8 mA, 0.5 s) and received a high dose of IV ketamine (0 or 40 mg/kg/2 h) infusion (Experiment 1). In a follow-up study, animals received a low dose of IV ketamine (0 or 10 mg/kg/2 h) infusion (Experiment 2). Two hours after the infusion, brain tissue from the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC), hippocampus, and amygdala were collected for western blot analyses. Protein levels of a transcription factor (c-Fos), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK) were quantified in these regions. The 40 mg/kg ketamine infusion increased c-Fos levels in the mPFC and amygdala as well as pERK levels in the mPFC and hippocampus. The 10 mg/kg ketamine infusion increased BDNF levels in the amygdala, but decreased pERK levels in the mPFC and hippocampus. These findings suggest that a clinically relevant route of ketamine administration produces dose-dependent and brain region-specific effects on proteins involved in neuroplasticity.
Identifying Areas with Disproportionate Local Health Department Services Relative to Opioid Overdose, HIV and Hepatitis C Diagnosis Rates: A Study of Rural Illinois

Background: U.S. rural populations have been disproportionately affected by the syndemic of opioid-use disorder (OUD) and the associated increase in overdoses and risk of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) transmission. Local health departments (LHDs) can play a critical role in the response to this syndemic. We utilized two geospatial approaches to identify areas of discordance between LHD service availability and disease burden to inform service prioritization in rural settings. Methods: We surveyed rural Illinois LHDs to assess their OUD-related services, and calculated county-level opioid overdose, HIV, and hepatitis C diagnosis rates. Bivariate choropleth maps were created to display LHD service provision relative to disease burden in rural Illinois counties. Results: Most rural LHDs provided limited OUD-related services, although many LHDs provided HIV and HCV testing. Bivariate mapping showed rural counties with limited OUD treatment and HIV services and with corresponding higher outcome/disease rates to be dispersed throughout Illinois. Additionally, rural counties with limited LHD-offered hepatitis C services and high hepatitis C diagnosis rates were geographically concentrated in southern Illinois. Conclusions: Bivariate mapping can enable geographic targeting of resources to address the opioid crisis and related infectious disease by identifying areas with low LHD services relative to high disease burden.
Rare Case of Acute Type B Dissection Causing Complete Collapse of EVAR Stent

We describe a unique case of an acute type B aortic dissection in a patient with a history of a previously placed infrarenal aortic stent for an abdominal aortic aneurysm. The patient presented with a hypertensive emergency and left lower extremity ischemia, and imaging revealed complete collapse of the previously placed stent graft with extension into the iliac limbs. He underwent emergent endovascular intervention. When the false lumen was entered by puncturing the dissection plane with a sheath, immediate reexpansion of the stent graft was observed. The entry point of the dissection was covered with 2 overlapping stents, restoring flow within the true lumen. Although aortic stent collapse from acute type B aortic dissections is extremely rare, we demonstrate that endovascular release of the outflow obstruction and depressurizing the false lumen can resolve this dreaded complication.
Mind, Body, Quantum Mechanics

I discuss the following: The causal closure of classical physics implies that consciousness in a classical physics brain can at best be epiphenomenal. Quantum mechanics can break the causal closure of classical physics in two ways: measurement and a newly discovered Poised Realm. Conscious experience may be associated with quantum measurement. Here quantum mind has acausal consequences for the classical brain. I propose genetic experiments to test this. Entanglement may solve the “binding problem.” I believe these proposals unite mind and body in a new way and answer Descartes after 350 years of the Stalemate introduced by his dualism of Res cogitans and Res extensa.
“Jeo ai esté a Nubie”: Boeve de Haumtone in the Medieval Mediterranean

This article considers the Anglo-Norman romance Boeve de Haumtone through a Mediterranean lens, arguing that being attentive to the setting to the romance offers a more nuanced understanding of its investments than readings that focus on the representation of proto-nationalisms in the romance.
SUDEP in the North American SUDEP Registry: The full spectrum of epilepsies

Objective To obtain medical records, family interviews, and death-related reports of sudden unexpected death in epilepsy (SUDEP) cases to better understand SUDEP. Methods All cases referred to the North American SUDEP Registry (NASR) between October 2011 and June 2018 were reviewed; cause of death was determined by consensus review. Available medical records, death scene investigation reports, autopsy reports, and next-of-kin interviews were reviewed for all cases of SUDEP. Seizure type, EEG, MRI, and SUDEP classification were adjudicated by 2 epileptologists. Results There were 237 definite and probable cases of SUDEP among 530 NASR participants. SUDEP decedents had a median age of 26 (range 1–70) years at death, and 38% were female. In 143 with sufficient information, 40% had generalized and 60% had focal epilepsy. SUDEP affected the full spectrum of epilepsies, from benign epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (n = 3, 1%) to intractable epileptic encephalopathies (n = 27, 11%). Most (93%) SUDEPs were unwitnessed; 70% occurred during apparent sleep; and 69% of patients were prone. Only 37% of cases of SUDEP took their last dose of antiseizure medications (ASMs). Reported lifetime generalized tonic-clonic seizures (GTCS) were Conclusions NASR participants commonly have clinical features that have been previously been associated with SUDEP risk such as young adult age, ASM nonadherence, and frequent GTCS. However, a sizeable minority of SUDEP occurred in patients thought to be treatment responsive or to have benign epilepsies. These results emphasize the importance of SUDEP education across the spectrum of epilepsy severities. We aim to make NASR data and biospecimens available for researchers to advance SUDEP understanding and prevention.
Paraneoplastic leukemoid reactions induced by cytokine-secreting tumours

Paraneoplastic leukemoid reaction (PLR) is the extreme leukocytosis that occurs due to a non-haematolymphoid cytokine-secreting tumour (CST) in the absence of bone marrow infiltration by that solid tumour. The clinical presentation is widely variable, and therefore challenging. If the underlying malignancy is not clinically apparent, PLR could be mistaken for myeloproliferative neoplasms, altering the patient's management. CSTs are highly aggressive tumours associated with a poor prognosis due to multiple mechanisms. Localising and treating the underlying malignancy is the mainstay of treatment. Both the treating clinician and the pathologist should keep a high level of suspicion for this entity in patients having unexplained leukocytosis. We herein discuss the underlying mechanisms, clinical presentation, pathological features, differential diagnosis and prognosis of this rare entity. An emphasis on the role of the pathologist is provided since the lack of knowledge on this entity can lead to dramatic effects on the patient, including unnecessary diagnostic testing and treatments.
Predicting Post-stroke Hospital Discharge Disposition Using Interpretable Machine Learning Approaches

Stroke is the fifth leading cause of death for Americans. Due to critical consequences and cost, an efficient stroke system of care (i.e., acute treatment, post-stroke acute rehabilitation) is necessary. Early determination of hospital discharge disposition is important for stroke management, and can make an immense impact in optimizing acute treatment and planning post-acute rehabilitation with desired outcomes. With the rise of sophisticated machine learning models, many researchers have gained momentum in using such models in their studies. However, due to the lack of explanations that models provide, the integrity of the prediction result is often challenged. Our goal is to predict post-stroke hospital discharge disposition using machine learning models to increase the prediction capability while providing explanations for the results using an interpretation method, such as Local Interpretable Model-agnoistic Explanations (LIME). Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of LIME in providing interpretability to machine learning models and suggests further exploration in performance improvement.
Effect of the W term for a t-U-W Hubbard ladder

Antiferromagnetic and d{sub x{sup 2}-y{sup 2}}-pairing correlations appear delicately balanced in the two-dimensional Hubbard model. Whether doping can tip the balance to pairing is unclear and models with additional interaction terms have been studied. In one of these, the square of a local hopping kinetic energy H{sub W} was found to favor pairing. However, such a term can be separated into a number of simpler processes and one would like to know which of these terms is responsible for enhancing the pairing. Here we analyze these processes for a two-leg Hubbard ladder. (c) 2000 The American Physical Society.
Educational and Outreach Website for Solar Energy

The design and development of an educational and outreach website for solar energy is described. Its main function is to collect and display the solar energy generated at multiple sites in the City of Menasha, Wisconsin, USA. Users have the option of viewing individual site performance and comparing performance across sites. They also have access to historical data, which is obtained directly from the sites via an Internet connection. The secondary function is to education users on solar energy generation, micro-grids, and how distributed generation is good for the macro-grid. They also get information on ways to get involved and stay up to date. The website was built by the App Factory at UW-Parkside as part of a collaboration between UW-Oshkosh, Fox Cities and Menasha Utilities. This project has the potential to be expanded to other sites and other communities. The data can be used for research and teaching projects as well.
Hospitalization Rates Are Highest in the First 5 Years of Systemic Sclerosis: Results From a Population-based Cohort (1980-2016).

Objective Few studies have estimated the healthcare resource usage of patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc). The purpose of this study was to compare hospitalization among incident cases of SSc vs age- and sex-matched comparators. Methods A retrospective, population-based cohort of patients with SSc in Olmsted County, Minnesota, from January 1, 1980, to December 31, 2016, was assembled. A 2:1 cohort of age- and sex-matched patients without SSc from the same population was randomly selected for comparison. All hospitalizations in the geographic area from January 1, 1987, to September 30, 2018, were obtained. Rates of hospitalization, lengths of stay, and readmissions were compared between groups. Results There were 76 incident SSc cases and 155 non-SSc comparators (mean age 56 ± 16 yrs at diagnosis/ index, 91% female) included. Rates of hospitalization among cases and comparators were 31.9 and 17.9 per 100 person-years, respectively (rate ratio [RR] 1.78, 95% CI 1.52–2.08). Hospitalization rates were higher in patients with SSc than comparators during the first 5 years after SSc diagnosis (RR 2.16, 95% CI 1.70–2.74). This difference decreased over time and was no longer significant at ≥ 15 years after SSc incidence/index. Lengths of stay (median [IQR] 4 [2–6] vs 3 [2–6], P = 0.52) and readmission rates (25% vs 23%, P = 0.51) were similar between groups. Conclusion Patients with SSc were hospitalized more frequently than comparators, indicating high inpatient care needs in this population. Hospitalization rates were highest during the first 5 years following SSc diagnosis.
“What happens in the fort, stays in the fort!”: Awakening Embodied Play Literacies through Fort Building in an Early Childhood Methods Classroom:

Background/ContextNeoliberalism has both feet firmly planted in educational contexts around the globe (United States, Australia, United Kingdom). Due to the precarious nature of unstructured play a...
Initial Clinical Experience with the Biodegradable AbsnowTM Device for Percutaneous Closure of Atrial Septal Defect: A 3-Year Follow-Up.

Objective We reported the 3-year follow-up results of initial clinical experience with the AbsnowTM device, a novel biodegradable occluder for percutaneous closure of atrial septal defect (ASD). Background The AbsnowTM device is a total biodegradable septal occluder with double-disc poly-L-lactic acid (PLLA) framework and PLLA membranes intergraded into the device to ensure its biodegradability, clinical safety, and efficacy. Methods Five pediatric patients were enrolled from May to June 2018 in our institution and were followed up for 3 years. A clinical evaluation and transthoracic echocardiography were performed at 24 hr, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and yearly after implantation. Primary endpoints were a composite clinical success, comprising of clinical closure success and safety at the 36-month follow-up evaluation. Secondary endpoints included technical success, procedure success, closure success, and safety at each of the follow-up visits. Results The median subject age was 3.6 years (range 3.1-6.5 years). The mean ASD diameter was (13.7 ± 2.9) mm. The median device size was 20 mm (range 14 to 24 mm). Technical and procedure success was achieved in 100% (5/5) of the patients. At 2-year follow-up, 3 of the 5 patients developed new-onset residual shunts and 2 of them reached a moderate degree. At 3-year follow-up, the residual shunt size increased over time in all the 3 patients, and 1 of them had right ventricular enlargement. All of the 5 patients were free from serious adverse events during the 3-year follow-up, with no device embolization, thromboembolization, or reintervention to the target defect. Conclusion This 3-year follow-up result of initial experience with the biodegradable AbsnowTM device has demonstrated acceptable safety with no procedural complications. Notably, the high rate of residual shunt significantly affected its efficacy. The long-term safety and efficacy of the device should be further evaluated in a large cohort of patients in future studies.
Predicting Nanorobot Shapes via Generative Models

The field of DNA nanotechnology has made it possible to assemble, with high yields, different structures that have actionable properties. For example, researchers have created components that can be actuated. An exciting next step is to combine these components into multifunctional nanorobots that could, potentially, perform complex tasks like swimming to a target location in the human body, detect an adverse reaction and then release a drug load to stop it. However, as we start to assemble more complex nanorobots, the yield of the desired nanorobot begins to decrease as the number of possible component combinations increases. Therefore, the ultimate goal of this work is to develop a predictive model to maximize yield. However, training predictive models typically requires a large dataset. For the nanorobots we are interested in assembling, this will be difficult to collect. This is because high-fidelity data, which allows us to characterize the shape and size of individual structures, is very time-consuming to collect, whereas low-fidelity data is readily available but only captures bulk statistics for different processes. Therefore, this work combines low- and high-fidelity data to train a generative model using a two-step process. We first use a relatively small, high-fidelity dataset to train a generative model. At run time, the model takes low-fidelity data and uses it to approximate the high-fidelity content. We do this by biasing the model towards samples with specific properties as measured by low-fidelity data. In this work we bias our distribution towards a desired node degree of a graphical model that we take as a surrogate representation of the nanorobots that this work will ultimately focus on. We have not yet accumulated a high-fidelity dataset of nanorobots, so we leverage the MolGAN architecture [1] and the QM9 small molecule dataset [2-3] to demonstrate our approach.
Hopfield Neural Networks

J. J. Hopfield has been a key contributor to the renaissance of neural networks, demonstrating that a simulated neural network exhibits important computational properties [84], [85]. Hopfield networks can be used as associative memories for information storage and retrieval, and to solve combinatorial optimization problems. They belong to the class of recurrent neural networks [75], that is, outputs of a neural network are fed back to inputs of previous layers of the network. There are several variations of Hopfield networks. Figure 3.1 shows a general structure of the Hopfield network where I l, I 2, …, I N are the external inputs to the network, s 1, s 2, …, s N are the neuron outputs of the network, u 1, u 2, …, u N are the total net inputs (activation potentials) to each respective neuron of the network, w ij denotes the connection weight between the output of the jth neuron and the input to the ith neuron, w ji = w ij , w ii = 0, and ζ(•) is a nonlinear function which is either a hardlimiter or a sigmoid function.
Dual band isolation circuits based on CRLH transmission lines for triplexer application

This paper presents a novel dual band isolation network using a Composite Right/Left Handed (CRLH) transmission line (TL) and its application to a triplexer. This triplexer consists of three dual band isolation networks composed of a CRLH transmission line, and each network is connected to a bandpass filter. Each network allows the RF signal to flow at the center frequency of their corresponding filter, however, it prevents signal flow at the center frequencies of two other filters. As a result, combined three networks can accomplish the required characteristics for a triplexer. This triplexer has two significant advantages. First, there is no restriction in choosing filters. Any filters can be used in this concept and it is not necessary to modify characteristics of the filters. Second, the design process of the triplexer is straightforward and no complex numerical analysis process is needed. Hence, design and manipulation of a triplexer are straightforward. For demonstrating the concept, a triplexer, having 1GHz, 1.8GHz, and 2.4GHz frequency bands, is designed and fabricated. The measured results show good agreement with the simulation results.
Strichartz estimates for the Schrödinger equation with radial data

We prove an endpoint Strichartz estimate for radial solutions of the two-dimensional Schr6dinger equation: t e~'f IL2BMO < Cllf IL2
Effect of dietary cellulose on site of lipid absorption

The effect of dietary cellulose on the localization within the small intestine of isotopically labeled triglyceride (TG) and cholesterol (CH) from a test meal was investigated. Feeding a 20% cellulose meal resulted in greater quantities of 14C-TG present in both the contents and mucosa of the distal intestine compared with a fiber-free control meal. In contrast, cellulose had no effect on the localization of CH within either the intestinal contents or the mucosa. Accumulation of TG within the intestine was not due to differences in stomach emptying, as the emptying rate was similar for both TG and CH. Within the bulk phase TG must be hydrolyzed by pancreatic lipase before it is available for cellular uptake at the microvillus membrane, whereas CH requires no hydrolysis. The greater amount of TG, but not of CH, within the intestine suggests that cellulose can interfere with lipase activity in vivo. Consequently, cellulose can delay TG hydrolysis and increase the amount of lipid absorbed in the ileum.
Spatiotemporal Surface-Groundwater Interaction Simulation in South Florida

South Florida ecosystem is dictated by a large wetland, karst hydrogeology and extended coastal boundary with the Atlantic Ocean. The risks related to the ecosystem include: disruption of groundwater flow as a result of frequent sinkhole formation; flooding in urban areas as a result of the shallow water table; saltwater intrusion from the ocean; and excessive nutrient load to surficial water bodies and subsequently eutrophication because of the intensive utilization of wetlands for nutrient removal. Attempts to understand eco-hydrological processes primarily focus on extensive monitoring and use of distributed hydrological models. However, the relatively flat nature of the region and also the extended coastal boundary with the ocean, makes watershed-based approaches less realistic. A regional spatiotemporal groundwater level modeling approach was attempted using a Dynamic Factor Analysis (DFA) method. The daily water levels of 13 monitoring well sites from major hydrogeologic regions and different land uses were used to conduct the DFA analysis, and six dynamic factors were identified using minimum Akaike Information Criterion (AIC). Further exploratory analysis to relate the dynamic factors with physically attributable explanatory variables has helped to identify five of the major factors that govern the groundwater dynamics in south Florida. Three of the factors were attributable to the Lake Kissimmee water level in the north, Caloosahatchee River water level in the west, and Hillsboro canal in the east. The other two factors identified were the regional averaged rainfall and soil moisture. The spatiotemporal simulation involved interpolation of the loadings of the dynamic factors using an inverse distance weighted method and convoluting with the dynamic factors. The result has shown a good fit with the maximum RMSE of 0.12 m. Retrieval of rainfall, soil moisture, and surface water level from satellite imagery makes spatiotemporal modeling of the groundwater level achievable.
Development of Chemotactic Factor Inactivation–a Fetal Lamb Model

Summary: To study the developmental pattern of chemotactic factor in-activator (CFI) activity, although avoiding the effects of labor and delivery, serial blood samples were obtained from eight chronically catheterized lamb fetuses, 13 pregnant, and 13 nonpregnant ewes. The biologic profiles of adult sheep neutrophils in response to sheep C5-derived chemotactic fractions (C5-fr) were determined by the chemotactic and lysosomal enzyme release assays. CFI activity in sheep plasma was characterized and measured by the % inhibition of C5-fr-induced neutrophil lysosomal enzyme release. The chemotactic and enzyme release profiles of sheep neutrophils paralleled those of human neutrophils. Sheep plasma was shown to contain a CFI-like activity similar to that in human plasma. Mean CFI activity was higher in the plasma of pregnant ewes as compare to nonpregnant ewes (7.60 versus 5.15%, P < 0.001). Higher CFI levels (39.5%) were shown in the plasma of chronically catheterized fetuses early in the third trimester of pregnancy (109 days gestational age). These fetal levels decreased progressively to attain normal adult levels at fetal maturity (147 days gestational age) and no significant changes were noted at or after birth. Because identical changes occurred in all chronically catheterized fetuses, a developmental pattern was defined for CFI. Control CFI levels from six acutely catheterized fetuses did not differ from those predicted by the developmental pattern. Thus, the changes in CFI activity were not related to the chronic catheterization or to events surrounding labor and delivery; rather CFI levels correlated best with fetal immaturity. CFI levels correlated inversely with ability of zymosan activated plasma to induce neutrophil chemotaxis (r = —0.96, P < 0.01), suggesting that CFI plays a major role in the regulation of leukocytes chemotaxis. These data confirm previous findings in human neonates and provide a model for future studies. Further studies into the biology of the changes in CFI activity in the fetus and the influence of such high risk factors as prematurity, fetal distress or premature rupture of membranes should enhance our understanding of the immunocompromised neonate.