cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Subcellular localization of calcium deposits in the noble crayfish Astacus astacus spermatophore: Implications for post-mating spermatophore hardening and spermatozoon maturation.

The freshly ejaculated spermatophore of crayfish undergoes a hardening process during post-mating storage on the body surface of female. The ultrastructural distribution of calcium deposits were studied and compared in freshly ejaculated and post-mating noble crayfish spermatophores, using the oxalate-pyroantimonate technique, to determine possible roles of calcium in post-mating spermatophore hardening and spermatozoon maturation. Small particles of sparsely distributed calcium deposits were visible in the wall of freshly ejaculated spermatophore. Also, large amount of calcium deposits were visible in the membranes of the freshly ejaculated spermatozoon. Five minutes post-ejaculation, granules in the spermatophore wall appeared as porous formations with numerous electron lucent spaces. Calcium deposits were visible within the spaces and scattered in the spermatophore wall matrix, where smaller calcium deposits combined to form globular calcium deposits. Large numbers of the globular calcium deposits were visible in the wall of the post-mating spermatophore. Smaller calcium deposits were detected in the central area of post-mating spermatophore, which contains the sperm mass, and in the extracellular matrix and capsule. While the density of calcium deposits decreased in the post-mating spermatozoon membranes, numerous small calcium deposits appeared in the subacrosomal zone and nucleus. Substantial changes in calcium deposit distribution in the crayfish spermatophore during post-mating storage on the body of female may be involved in the processes of the spermatophore hardening and spermatozoon maturation. J. Morphol. 277:445–452, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Prospective MRI-based imaging study to assess feasibility of proton therapy for post-prostatectomy radiation

AbstractPurpose/Objectives: To optimize delivery of post-prostatectomy radiation (PPRT) with protons by examining dosimetric effects of variations in physician contouring, organ motion, and patient alignment during a course of PPRT. Material and methods: We enrolled 10 patients receiving PPRT in a prospective imaging study. All patients underwent combined computed tomography (CT)/magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) simulation with endorectal balloon (ERB) and received intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) per institutional standards. Study patients underwent weekly MRI verification scans in the treatment position. Three radiation oncologists contoured clinical target volumes (CTV) on initial and verification scans using two consensus guidelines (RTOG and EORTC). We generated IMRT, double scattering (DS), and pencil beam scanning (PBS) proton plans and examined the dosimetric impact of contour variations, inter-fraction motion, and patient alignment techniques. Results: Inter-observer variations in con...
International Promotion of Chinese Language in the Perspective of the Public Diplomacy

With public diplomacy becoming one of the most dynamic forms in the Chinese diplomacy,international promotion of the Chinese language attracts particular attention.The spread of the Chinese language plays an important role in promoting understanding and friendship between China and other countries and in expanding China's influence.Therefore,we should learn from language promotion experience of advanced countries and constantly review and improve our skills so as to boost the level of Chinese public diplomacy and maintain sustainable development of the international promotion of Chinese language.
QUANDO O RIO ERA BLACK: SOUL MUSIC NO BRASIL DOS ANOS 70

A partir de documentos encontrados nos arquivos da Policia politica do Rio de Janeiro, este artigo explora as atitudes publicas em relacao ao “Black Rio”: a explosao da musica e da danca soul nas festas da juventude negra da classe trabalhadora nesta cidade, nos anos 70. Especificamente, o artigo usa a reacao ao Black Rio por parte da policia secreta, de oficiais militares e de outros, como a direita politica, juntamente com a cobertura do fenomeno, tanto na imprensa em geral quanto na imprensa alternativa, para ilustrar as formas com que os nacionalismos de esquerda e de direita convergiram para delimitar os espacos aceitaveis para a politica e a cultura negra durante essa fase do regime militar. O artigo tambem usa a controversia Black Rio para se engajar nos debates academicos atuais sobre a politica de estudos comparados de raca entre Brasil e Estados Unidos. O artigo demonstra que o claro entusiasmo dos dancarinos de soul pelos estilos “black” nao era uma medida de reconhecimento da superioridade dos poderes politicos de ativismo racial dos EUA (como alguns estudiosos afirmam), nem uma capitulacao aos padroes “imperialistas” da politica racial (como outros lamentam). Pelo contrario, o entusiasmo por todas as coisas “black” entre um segmento da juventude negra do Rio foi uma tentativa de posicionar estrategicamente o contraste tradicional entre os sistemas e politicas raciais dos EUA e do Brasil para levantar a questao sobre os estreitos espacos de expressao politica e cultural baseada em raca, no pais.
Levels of metalloproteases and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases in human osteoarthritic cartilage

Human articular cartilage contains 2 distinct metalloproteases which degrade proteoglycan. One protease acts optimally at pH 5.3 and the other at pH 7.2. In addition, cartilage contains a tissue inhibitor of metalloproteases (TIMP) that inhibits both proteases. Methods have been developed for the estimation of metalloproteases and TIMP in extracts of cartilage prepared in buffered 2 M guanidine-HCl. In osteoarthritic cartilage, levels of the 2 metalloproteases increase 3-fold or more, while the level of TIMP remains constant. It is postulated that a balance is maintained between inhibitor and metalloprotease levels in normal cartilage and that in osteoarthritis increased secretion of proteases upsets this balance and results in degradation of the extracellular matrix.
Power-efficient accelerators for high-performance applications

Computers, regardless of their function, are always better if they can operate more quickly. The addition of computation resources allows for improved response times, greater functionality and more flexibility. The drawback with improving a computer's performance, however, is that it often comes at the cost of power and energy consumption. For many platforms, this is not an issue—desktop computers, for instance, have been consuming an increasing amount of power yet because they comprise a small fraction of a household's overall power consumption, this increase is tolerated. Power increases are not tolerated, however, in modern mobile devices. These devices do more and more each generation and are deployed in increasingly interesting environments—whether it is the common smart phone, a portable medical imaging device or a complex sensor-processor used for disaster relief. Even in less portable circumstances, such as servers used for high-throughput computation, reducing power consumption is an important way to reduce the cost of operating the server. This thesis studies various applications from these and other domains that require ever-increasing compute ability but cannot tolerate a similar increase in power consumption. These domains include wireless signal-processing, portable medical imaging and scientific computing. These applications are analyzed in detail to ascertain the most appropriate hardware substrates and microarchitectural structures to help deliver the best performance-per-power efficiency. The architectures evaluated included fixed-function and flexible loop accelerators, SIMD data-engines, general-purpose graphics-processing units and general-purpose processors. These architectures were improved in ways that increased programmability, instruction-level parallelism, memory bandwidth, and average throughput; and reduced control-divergence overhead, effective memory latency, and data-dependent stalls. These modifications led to solutions with 50 times the performance-per-power efficiency as current designs.
Second-intention healing

Second-intention healing (contraction and epithelization) is most appropriate for heavily traumatized, contaminated wounds that may have a prolonged debridement phase. Therapy during healing can promote rapid debridement and faster healing. Healing of lower limb wounds by second intention may be protracted, owing to poorer wound contraction and excessive granulation tissue production as compared with body wounds.
Lens development. IV. Size, shape, and orientation.

The right lenses were removed from a group of chick embryos at five days of incubation. Each lens was replaced by two lenses from donors of the same age. The donor lenses were implanted so that their equatorial planes lay at right angles to the equatorial plane of the host lens which they replaced. These cases were studied at 14 days of incubation. The volume of such lens pairs became regulated to correspond with that of a single 14-day-old lens. Each lens of an implanted pair assumed the shape of half of a normal 14 day lens bisected by a plane including its axis. Thus, the combined shape of a lens pair came to match that of a single 14 day lens. The lens pairs became internally reorganized: (1) lens epithelial cells which, at the time of implantation, had lain anterior to the plane defined by the edge of the eye cup continued to divide, and spread out to cover those exposed surfaces of the lens pair which lay toward the cornea; (2) those epithelial cells which were positioned toward the vitreous body enlarged and elongated to form lens fibers; (3) as a consequence of these events a new equatorial zone appeared which girdled the lens pair along the line of its contact with the cup margin; (4) in this fashion the orientation of the lens pair was readjusted in a manner appropriate for the host eye. These experiments demonstrate the existence of mechanisms which control the size, shape, and orientation of the developing lens. It is suggested that these mechanisms include an influence from the limbic mesenchyme which promotes cell elongation and cell packing, and a neural retinal influence which promotes enlargement of the lens cells as they form lens fibers. .his study deals with the mechanisms which control the size and shape of the embryonic lens, and which regulate its orientation in the growing eye. The size of the developing lens normally increases at a rate which is compatible with the dimensions of the developing eye. 1 ' 3 Harrison, 4 using early stages in amphibian development, demonstrated that this coordinated growth is brought about by a mutual adjustment of the growth rates of the lens and the eye wall. Our
Revisiting the Anterior Rectus Sheath Repair for Incisional Hernia: A 10-Year Experience

Surgeons continue to seek an incisional hernia repair technique which minimizes cost and morbidity while maximizing durability. We present a single surgeon’s experience with a technique described by N.L. Browse and J.P. Chevrel in 1979. The Chevrel/Browse repair consists of a bilateral anterior rectus sheath release, hernia sac imbrication, bilateral rectus complex medialization, and repair reinforcement with an anterior prosthetic mesh. Data were collected on all patients who underwent herniorrhaphy between April 2003 and April 2013. A total of 123 patients underwent repair. These had undergone an average of 2.6 prior abdominal operations and 0.7 prior hernia repairs; the average defect size was 64.77 ± 86.79 cm2. Twelve patients had lateral components release in addition to release of the anterior rectus sheath to achieve midline re-approximation with minimal tension. Synthetic mesh was used in 81 % of repairs and biologic mesh in 19 %. The most common complications were seroma formation (21 %) and incisional skin breakdown (30 %); no deaths occurred. The overall recurrence rate was 5.1 %, and 7 % for the group which had follow-up greater than 36 months. Use of biologic mesh increased the rate of seroma formation compared with synthetic mesh (50 vs. 14 %, p < 0.001), but did not increase the rate of wound breakdown (36.3 vs. 29.6 %, p = 0.72). This case series describes the utilization of anterior rectus sheath release and mesh placement which is anterior to the rectus muscle. Hernia recurrence and intra-abdominal complications are observed to be uncommon after repair using this technique. Future prospective randomized studies are warranted.
Abstract 191: Transcriptional Regulation of Renin by Nuclear Receptors Co-regulated With Renin

Expression of the renin gene is required to maintain normal morphological and physiological identity of renal juxtaglomerular (JG) cells, yet the mechanisms regulating renin gene transcription rema...
The social and political dimensions of internal displacement in Uganda: Challenges and opportunities–a systematic review

ABSTRACTInternal displacement has been a common occurrence in Uganda since the late 1800s. However, studies that examine the entire spectrum of the social and political dimensions of internal displacement in Uganda are scarce. The aim of this systematic review was to (1) examine the social and political dimensions of internal displacement to inform policy and practice to better meet the needs of internally displaced persons (IDPs) in Uganda; and (2) evaluate the advances made in addressing IDPs’ needs and their protection. Both quantitative and qualitative studies on internally displaced persons in Uganda, published between 1962 and 31 July 2014, were included in this systematic review. A total of 2,529 relevant studies were identified of which 25 met our inclusion criteria. The findings suggest that living conditions, physical and mental health, vulnerability and adaptive capacity, livelihood, and settlement are key factors in internal displacement. These social dimensions were governed by political fact...
Paget’s Disease

Paget’s disease is characterized by abnormal levels of osteoclast-mediated bone resorption with subsequent disorganized osteoblast bone formation. Adults over age 40 are primarily affected. Disease workup includes a careful history and physical exam, radiographs, advanced imaging modalities, and blood and urine tests. Treatment options include observation, medications, and surgery. Paget’s sarcoma is a rare but serious complication that carries a poor prognosis.
The Pursuit of Justice: Law and Economics of Legal Institutions, Edward J. López (Ed.). Palgrave Macmillan, New York (2010), 303 pp.

The Pursuit of Justice is a collection of original, scholarly articles that provide an economic analysis of legal institutions, identify market failures and inefficiencies, and provide suggestions ...
Circadian signaling in the Northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica: In silico prediction of the protein components of a putative clock system using a publicly accessible transcriptome

Abstract The Northern krill Meganyctiphanes norvegica is a significant component of the zooplankton community in many regions of the North Atlantic Ocean. In the areas it inhabits, M. norvegica is of great importance ecologically, as it is both a major consumer of phytoplankton/small zooplankton and is a primary food source for higher-level consumers. One behavior of significance for both feeding and predator avoidance in Meganyctiphanes is diel vertical migration (DVM), i.e. , a rising from depth at dusk and a return to depth at dawn. In this and other euphausiids, an endogenous circadian pacemaker is thought, at least in part, to control DVM. Currently, there is no information concerning the identity of the genes/proteins that comprise the M. norvegica circadian system. In fact, there is little information concerning the molecular underpinnings of circadian rhythmicity in crustaceans generally. Here, a publicly accessible transcriptome was used to identify the molecular components of a putative Meganyctiphanes circadian system. A complete set of core clock proteins was deduced from the M. norvegica transcriptome (clock, cryptochrome 2, cycle, period and timeless), as was a large suite of proteins that likely function as modulators of the core clock ( e.g. , doubletime), or serves as inputs to it (cryptochrome 1) or outputs from it (pigment dispersing hormone). This is the first description of a “complete” (core clock through putative output pathway signals) euphausiid clock system, and as such, provides a foundation for initiating molecular investigations of circadian signaling in M. norvegica and other krill species, including how clock systems may regulate DVM and other behaviors.
Treatment-Free Remission: a New Therapeutic Goal in Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia

Chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML) is a chronic myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the presence of Philadelphia chromosome [t(9:22)] leading to the presence of pathognomonic fusion gene product, BCR-ABL1. This leads to constitutive activation of ABL1 kinase. CML was a difficult-to-treat illness until the advent of small molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI), imatinib which revolutionized therapy of CML. Since then, multiple second- and third-generation TKIs have been formulated which have proven effective and has led to marked improvement in survival. In this article, we review currently available data on possibility of holding TKI therapy in patients in deep remission [treatment-free remission (TFR)] and safety of this approach. As CML treatment has become more effective, new questions have emerged, most important being whether the treatment with TKIs can ever be stopped. This is especially relevant in patient experiencing side effects from therapy or who may be subject to increased health risks due to treatment. There is now evidence that some CML patients who have achieved stable deep molecular response can safely stop TKI. Furthermore, patients can safely re-establish remission after restarting their TKI therapy in the situation of relapse. CML is highly treatable disease, but the treatment has untoward physical and socioeconomic consequences. The idea of TFR is hence attractive. There is a growing body of evidence that some CML patients who have achieved stable deep molecular response can safely stop TKI.
Measuring social trust and trusting the measure

Abstract Decades of rigorous quantitative scholarship have generated a wealth of knowledge regarding the causes and consequences of crossnational variations in social trust. However, while some social science disciplines have made significant contributions to this conversation, others have largely failed to do so. The field of international relations, for example, has lagged behind in producing aggregate-level scholarship on social trust. This is surprising given that (1) trust influences public opinion and thereby the incentive structure for political leaders and (2) many peacebuilding efforts directly target the levels of trust in post-conflict settings. Country-level trust scholarship in international relations and the social sciences more generally is hampered by data scarcity. The main purpose of this article is to present a new publicly available data set on aggregate levels of social trust. Relying on a set of 19 widely accepted correlates, we construct a new cross-sectional measure of the concept that covers all countries from 1946 to 2010. We then perform a series of empirical tests establishing the validity of our measure. Finally, we offer a number of bivariate analyses to demonstrate the broad utility of our new variable for scholars in the social sciences.
Automated inference of chemical discriminants of biological activity

Ligand-based virtual screening has become a standard technique for the efficient discovery of bioactive small molecules. Following assays to determine the activity of compounds selected by virtual screening, or other approaches in which dozens to thousands of molecules have been tested, machine learning techniques make it straightforward to discover the patterns of chemical groups that correlate with the desired biological activity. Defining the chemical features that generate activity can be used to guide the selection of molecules for subsequent rounds of screening and assaying, as well as help design new, more active molecules for organic synthesis.The quantitative structure-activity relationship machine learning protocols we describe here, using decision trees, random forests, and sequential feature selection, take as input the chemical structure of a single, known active small molecule (e.g., an inhibitor, agonist, or substrate) for comparison with the structure of each tested molecule. Knowledge of the atomic structure of the protein target and its interactions with the active compound are not required. These protocols can be modified and applied to any data set that consists of a series of measured structural, chemical, or other features for each tested molecule, along with the experimentally measured value of the response variable you would like to predict or optimize for your project, for instance, inhibitory activity in a biological assay or ΔGbinding. To illustrate the use of different machine learning algorithms, we step through the analysis of a dataset of inhibitor candidates from virtual screening that were tested recently for their ability to inhibit GPCR-mediated signaling in a vertebrate.
Antiphospholipid Antibody-Induced Pregnancy Loss and Thrombosis

Antiphospholipid (aPL) antibodies are a family of autoantibodies that exhibit a broad range of target specificities and affinities, all recognizing various combinations of phospholipids, phospholipid binding proteins, or both. The first aPL antibody, a complement fixing antibody that reacted with extracts from bovine hearts, was detected in patients with syphilis in 1906 [1]. The relevant antigen was later identified as cardiolipin, a mitochondrial phospholipid [2]. The presence of aPL antibodies in serum has been associated with arterial and venous thrombosis and recurrent pregnancy loss [3–7], but the pathogenic mechanisms mediating these events are unknown. Several hypotheses have been proposed to explain the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which aPL antibodies induce thrombosis and fetal loss. There are reports that aPL antibodies activate endothelial cells, monocytes, and platelets [8–10]. In vivo and in vitro studies have shown that exposure to aPL antibodies induces activation of endothelial cells and a prothrombotic phenotype, as assessed by upregulation of the expression of adhesion molecules, secretion of cytokines, and the metabolism of prostacyclins [8, 10, 11]. aPL antibodies recognize β2-glycoprotein I bound to resting endothelial cells, although the basis for the interaction of β2-glycoprotein I with viable endothelial cells remains unclear [12, 13]. As β2-glycoprotein I is considered a natural anticoagulant [14], some authors propose that aPL antibodies interfere with or modulate the function of phospholipid binding proteins involved in the regulation of coagulation, activate platelets, or induce monocytes to express tissue factor [9]. That endothelial cell, monocyte, and platelet activation are associated with aPL antibodies and thrombophilia, and that these cell phenotypes may also occur as a consequence of complement activation products, suggested a role for complement activation in aPL antibody–induced tissue damage.
The aging process in the neuron

The neuron as the ultimate anatomical and physiological unit of the nervous system, and the archetype of postreplicative cells of the body, has perhaps received a greater amount of attention as a model for the study of aging processes than any other cell type. Additional interest in the neuron as a subject for aging studies stems from the view that that these elements, in strategic locations in the nervous system, may function as pacemakers, or the central control elements, of the “time clocks” of aging which may determine the onset and rate of senescence (1).
Reporting of Political Speech

A news report on some event will normally consist of two things: descriptions of events—what has happened, is happening, or may happen—and descriptions of talk—what people have said (or, sometimes, what people haven’t said) in connection with what has happened, is happening, or may happen. Very commonly, especially in political reporting, what has been said about an event can be more important than the event itself. The killing of an American military officer in East Germany by a Soviet soldier may be a personal tragedy for his family and friends, but what the leaders of the U.S. and the U.S.S.R. said and did not say about this killing was of more importance politically than the actual killing.
Abstract 3744: Multiple endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell lines retain ER and sensitivity to endocrine therapy

Endocrine therapy is the standard of care for breast cancer expressing estrogen receptor (ER), which occurs in 70% of patients. Unfortunately, acquired or de novo resistance to endocrine therapy is observed in up to 50% of patients, leaving a significant portion of patients with insufficient treatment options. Endocrine-resistance, usually defined as resistance to tamoxifen and aromatase inhibitor (AI) therapy, can also include resistance to selective estrogen receptor degraders (SERDs), since these also target ER. Since multiple mechanisms contribute to resistance, development of multiple resistant cell lines is needed for drug discovery and to identify characteristics that may suggest susceptibility to alternative and combination therapies. We have developed 5 stable, endocrine-resistant cell lines from a parent MCF-7 cell line, which all retain ER: one of these cell lines, MCF-7:CFR is resistant to the SERD fulvestrant. Clinical metastatic breast cancers that have gained endocrine resistance are overwhelmingly ER+. In addition to ER, progesterone receptor (PR) and glucocorticoid receptor (GR) status of these lines was assessed, and correlated with the response of these cells in culture to four classes of endocrine therapeutics: SERDs, selective ER modulators (SERMs), and selective human ER partial agonists (ShERPAs). Growth of all 5 cell lines was endocrine independent, indicating resistance to AI therapy. Two of the ER+, PR- cell lines were most resistant to the spectrum of endocrine therapies, but these cell lines both showed sensitivity to ShERPAs, especially in combination with non-endocrine targeted therapies, such as the PI3K inhibitor, alpelisib. Paradoxically, all endocrine-resistant cell lines responded to at least one of the endocrine therapies tested, demonstrating that if ER is not lost in the metastatic state, it remains a vulnerability suitable for therapeutic targeting. Citation Format: Lauren M. Gutgesell, Rui Xiong, Jiong Zhao, Huiping Zhao, Debra A. Tonetti, Gregory R. Thatcher. Multiple endocrine-resistant breast cancer cell lines retain ER and sensitivity to endocrine therapy [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2018; 2018 Apr 14-18; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(13 Suppl):Abstract nr 3744.
Rheumatoid meningitis sine arthritis.

Abstract Rheumatoid meningitis is a rare and very serious extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis. We present a case of a 7()year-old female with no history of arthritis who developed stroke-like symptoms, seizures, psychosis and compulsive behavior. Serial brain magnetic resonance images (MRI) over four months demonstrated progressive interhemispheric meningeal thickening. She had mild lymphocytic pleocytosis on the cerebrospinal fluid analysis and serum anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide antibodies resulted positive in high titers. She underwent a brain biopsy showing necrotizing granulomas consistent with rheumatoid meningitis. Her symptoms resolved with treatment with glucocorticoids and cyclophosphamide. She has not been diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis even after 1 year of follow up. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of rheumatoid meningitis without rheumatoid arthritis and keep it on the differential for patients with aseptic meningitis and otherwise negative work up.
Protection of anthocyanin-rich extract from pH-induced color changes using water-in-oil-in-water emulsions

Abstract The food, cosmetics, and personal care industries are increasingly interested in replacing synthetic colorants with natural alternatives. Anthocyanin is a renewable and sustainable source of plant-derived pigment. However, their application in commercial products is often limited because of their susceptibility to chemical degradation, which leads to color fading and/or a change in hue. In this study, we examined the possibility of protecting anthocyanin from degradation by encapsulating them within the inner water phase of a water-in-oil-in-water (W/O/W) emulsion. Polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) was used as a hydrophobic emulsifier, while quillaja saponin was used as a hydrophilic emulsifier. First, W/O emulsions containing 20% aqueous phase and 80% oil phase (PGPR in corn oil) were prepared using a microfluidizer. Second, W/O/W emulsions were prepared by blending 20% W/O emulsion with 80% aqueous phase (saponin in water) using a high-shear mixer. Changes in color, particle size, charge, and anthocyanin leakage of the emulsions were measured when the external aqueous phase was changed from pH 7 to 3. Anthocyanin encapsulation significantly slowed down pH-induced color changes, possibly because the internal aqueous phase had a different pH to the external one. Anthocyanin transfer between aqueous phases depended on pH, temperature, and initial location. Our results suggest that multiple emulsions may be useful for encapsulation and protection of natural colors.
Thermal kinetic inductance detectors for CMB and sub millimeter observations (Conference Presentation)

We are developing Thermal Kinetic Inductance Detector (TKID) bolometers for submillimter astronomy and CMB polarimetry with the BICEP Array's 250GHz dust monitor camera as an early application. We couple power to our bolometers by resistive terminations to antenna-fed microstrip circuits and sense changes in temperature with a membrane isolated microwave kinetic inductance thermometer (MKIT). The MKIT resonates with an off-island capacitor and capacitively couples to a microstrip transmission line to provide radio-frequency multiplexing analogous to that of traditional non-phonon-mediated KIDs. By splitting the absorption, sensing, and relaxation of quasiparticles back to the thermal bath into different sub-devices, we attain more design degrees of freedom than KIDs and can tailor the detector’s performance. We will report on the design and performance of our optically coupled TKIDs and comment on the sensitivity, emphasizing TLS and vibrational noise mechanisms. We will also show preliminary results from studies of the detectors optical properties as defined by the antenna-array the coupled power to the detector. Lastly, we will describe designs for a 900 detector pathfinder camera that will precede the full 20,000 BICEP Array camera.
Forebrain Commissurotomy Reinstates Effects of Preexisting Hemisphere Lesions

Historically, awareness of three major functions of the forebrain commissures has gained ascendancy as a result of their surgical separation for control of intractable seizures in epilepsy. First, it has been well determined in laboratory animals that the major forebrain commissures—the corpus callosum and subjacent hippocampal commissure, as well as the anterior commissure—are primarily, though not exclusively, involved in the spread of paroxysmal electrical seizure activity between the hemispheres (Musgrave and Gloor, 1980; Wada, 1980). The therapeutic application of this knowledge has led to surgical separation of the forebrain commissures in the hope of reducing or eliminating clinical seizures in patients with medically refractory epilepsy for whom traditional resection of an epileptogenic focus is not feasible (Van Wagenen and Herren, 1940; Bogen and Vogel, 1975). While the patient series remains small, followup studies report that this procedure shows promise for reducing or eliminating intractable seizures in well-selected patients (D. Wilson et al., 1977, 1982).
Opportunities for minimizing radiative heat transfer in future thermal and environmental barrier coatings

Abstract The possibility of identifying new classes of oxides having lower thermal conductivity at high temperatures is unlikely as the values are approaching the theoretical minimum. At the same time, the drive for higher engine efficiency requires higher gas temperatures, increasing the radiative heat flux. The significance of radiative heat transfer in the selection of coating materials is examined. It is concluded that optically opaque materials will perform better as coatings under high convective flow conditions, such as on blades, by minimizing radiative heating through the coating. This can be achieved by a combination of atomic level doping and scattering.
2X-Thru De-embedding for Non-2 N Even Number Port Network

2N–port de-embedding has been well studied previously by using the higher order modal-based S-parameters. Such idea is successfully validated by using the 2X-Thru de-embedding, as well as the classic TRL. Non-2N even number (such as 6, 10, 12, etc.) port network S-parameters de-embedding is derived and validated in this paper. By inserting a factitious single-ended 2X-Thru before the fixture characterization, the derivation and validation are demonstrated through a 6-port 2X-Thru de-embedding example. After the fixture characterization, the inserted artificially single-ended 2X-Thru will be removed before the step of fixture removing calculation. As the 2X-Thru de-embedding application always has even number of port 2X-Thru fixtures, the idea in this paper extend the 2X-Thru de-embedding to any arbitrary number of port. The derivation and justification are also suitable for other de-embedding algorithms with even number of port.
Correlations between subjective quality and physicochemical attributes of fresh fruits and vegetables

Abstract Color charts and rating scales have been developed for several fresh fruits and vegetables (FFVs) but limited information is available regarding the correlation between subjective evaluations and physicochemical attributes. The objective of this work was to correlate subjective quality data with quantitative analytical data collected for several fruits exposed to different environmental conditions. Avocados, blueberries, peppers, strawberries and tomatoes were exposed to a range of different temperatures and humidity conditions for varied periods of time, and quality evaluated using both rating scales and physicochemical analysis. The strength of the relationship between variables was measured using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r) and the coefficient of determination (r2) and, the significance of the relationship was expressed by probability levels (p = 0.05). Overall, there was a significant correlation between most of the subjective quality attributes evaluated and the physicochemical analysis performed. Subjective color was significantly correlated with hue angle for all fruits evaluated except for blueberries for which subjective color had a stronger correlation with L* values. Correlations between subjective color and anthocyanins, ascorbic acid or chlorophyll contents were also significant. Shriveling or stem freshness was strongly correlated with weight loss whereas subjective firmness was significantly correlated with instrumental texture. Results from this work showed that subjective quality evaluations using rating scales can be a reliable and simple method to estimate changes in color, softening, water loss, and ultimately changes in specific chemical components when FFVs are exposed to different environmental conditions. A color chart is proposed for the visual evaluation of strawberry quality.
Two-tone distortion in reticular lamina vibration of the living cochlea

It has been demonstrated that isolated auditory sensory cells, outer hair cells, can generate distortion products at low frequencies. It remains unknown, however, whether or not motile outer hair cells are able to generate two-tone distortion at high frequencies in living cochleae under the mechanical loads caused by surounding tissues and fluids. By measuring sub-nanometer vibration directly from the apical ends of outer hair cells using a custom-built heterodyne low-coherence interferometer, here we show outer hair cell-generated two-tone distortion in reticular lamina motion in the living cochlea. Reticular-lamina distortion is significantly greater and occurs at a broader frequency range than that of the basilar membrane. Contrary to expectations, our results indicate that motile outer hair cells are capable of generating two-tone distortion in vivo not only at the locations tuned to primary tones but also at a broad region basal to these locations.
Load balancing system under Join the Shortest Queue: Many-Server-Heavy-Traffic Asymptotics

We study the load balancing system operating under Join the Shortest Queue (JSQ) in the many-server-heavy-traffic regime. If $N$ is the number of servers, we let the difference between the total service rate and the total arrival rate be $N^{1-\alpha}$ with $\alpha>0$. We show that for $\alpha>2$ the system behaves similarly to the classical heavy-traffic regime. Specifically, we prove that the distribution of the total queue length scaled by $N^{-\alpha}$ converges to an exponential random variable. Moreover, we show a result analogous to state space collapse, and we show that the expected total queue length scaled by $N^{-\alpha}$ converges to the same value as in classical heavy-traffic. We provide two proofs for our result: one using moment generating function, and one using Stein's method.
Measurement of Novel, Drinking Water-Associated PFAS in Blood from Adults and Children in Wilmington, North Carolina.

Background: From 1980 to 2017, a fluorochemical manufacturing facility discharged wastewater containing poorly understood per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) to the Cape Fear River, the prim...
Dural Tear Does not Increase the Rate of Venous Thromboembolic Disease in Patients Undergoing Elective Lumbar Decompression with Instrumented Fusion.

Objective Evaluate if dural tears (DTs) are an indirect risk factor for venous thromboembolic disease through increased recumbency in patients undergoing elective lumbar decompression and instrumented fusion. Methods This was a retrospective cohort study of consecutive patients undergoing elective lumbar decompression and instrumented fusion at a single institution between 2016 and 2019. Patients were divided into cohorts: those who sustained a dural tear and those who did not. The cohorts were compared using Student’s t-test or Wilcoxon Rank Sum for continuous variables and Fisher exact or chi-squared test for nominal variables. Results Six-hundred and eleven patients met inclusion criteria, among which 144 patients (23.6%) sustained a DT. The DT cohort tended to be older (63.6 vs. 60.6 years, P = 0.0052) and have more comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index 2.75 vs. 2.35, P = 0.0056). There was no significant difference in the rate of symptomatic deep vein thrombosis (2.1% vs. 2.6%, P = 1.0) or pulmonary embolus (1.4% vs. 1.50%, P = 1.0). Intraoperatively, DT was associated with increased blood loss (754 mL vs. 512 mL, P Conclusions While DTs during elective lumbar decompression and instrumentation led to later ambulation and longer hospital stays, the increased recumbency did not significantly increase the rate of symptomatic venous thromboembolic disease.
Allocation of Risks and Responsibilities in Green and Sustainable Buildings

Abstract Green and sustainable initiatives are among the most noticeable practices in today’s design and construction applications. While allocation of contractual obligations under traditional bui...
X-ray fluorescence imaging with synchrotron radiation

The micro-distribution of trace elements is of great interest in fields such as geochemistry, biology and material science. The synchrotron x-ray fluorescence microprobe provides a technique to quantitatively measure trace element compositions at individual points and to construct semiquantitative two dimensional maps of trace element compositions [1,2,3].
A Tirecord Tension Transducer

A transducer is described which can directly measure the cord tension at any point in an arbitrarily loaded tire. Cord force data obtained at the crown and in the sidewall for a typical two-ply automobile tire are presented for: (1) the inflation problem, (2) the static deflection problem, and (3) the rolling tire. Agreement between theory and experiment is good for the inflation problem, which is the only case where a cord load formula exists to allow comparison.
The capacity region of multiple-rate codes for multiple-access channels

Investigates the limits imposed by information theory on multiple-access codes in which each user has multiple transmission rates, but where only certain combinations of users' rates are desired to operate reliably at the same time. The capacity region for this problem is determined for both synchronous and frame-asynchronous multiple-access channels. Unlike the classic M-user multiple-access channel, the synchronous capacity region is not in general equal to the convex hull of the frame-asynchronous region. In the special case of T-out-of-M user codes, it is shown for symmetric multi-user channels that synchronism does not improve the symmetric capacity for M/spl Gt/T. >
Non-Uniform Nozzle Flow Heat Exchange Effects

Considering boundary layer effects in one-dimensional flow with heat exchange, true mean value flow parameters and their ratio to uniform free-stream values are derived. For one seventh power velocity distribution law and similar stagnation temperature and profiles variation in Mach number, stagnation temperature and impulse at the exit section are plotted versus boundary layer thickness.
'Power to the Wise, and Safety to All:' Adam Ferguson and the 'Republican' Argument Against the American Revolution

Much of the scholarly work on Adam Ferguson has focused on his calls for the participation of public-spirited citizens in the maintenance of freedom, particularly in his first major work, An Essay on the History of Civil Society (1767). Ferguson’s argument against the claims of the American colonists, published anonymously in 1776, has been treated as a deviation from his republican principles, a change of heart, or a conservative compromise in the face of political reality. This paper proposes to invert the perspective, and read Ferguson’s theory of freedom and participation in light of his intervention in the American debate. In the pamphlet he published in 1776, Ferguson argued that the colonists enjoy complete freedom, despite being unable to participate in their own government, and denied that political participation is an essential condition of freedom. The paper argues that despite all appearances to the contrary, Ferguson had already separated freedom from democratic participation in his earlier writings. His exhortations for public-spirited citizenship were directed strictly at the upper classes, and his consistent position had been that freedom would be better maintained by the political passivity of the lower classes.The nail in the coffin of democracy, in Ferguson's view, was the division of labor. His description of the mechanical nature of industrial work has been widely misread as a social critique. In fact, Ferguson accepted the "corruption" of the working classes as the price of progress, and believed that the mechanical nature of their work serves as an argument against democratic participation.Finally, the paper argues that Ferguson’s theory of freedom bears an intriguing resemblance to neo-republican theories of freedom, particularly the one developed by Philip Pettit. Both Ferguson and Pettit argue against the definition of freedom as non-interference, understand freedom in terms of non-domination or the security of rights, and argue that democratic participation should not be part of the definition of freedom. However, Pettit believes that democracy is one of the empirical conditions constitutive of freedom, while Ferguson believes that a virtuous elite would do a much better job of maintaining freedom. Ferguson’s conception of freedom shows that the American debate cannot be understood in terms of a dichotomy between theories of freedom as non-domination, held by the revolutionaries, and theories of freedom as non-interference, held by pro-government writers. Ferguson held a theory of freedom as non-domination that perfectly accommodated the denial of political rights to the colonists. The most crucial conceptual element distinguishing the revolutionaries was their belief in individual and communal self-government, or in other words, their democratic conception of freedom.
Digital government and e-rulemaking: new directions for technology and regulation

Each year hundreds of federal regulatory agencies issue more than 4,000 new regulations. Before adopting a new regulation, agencies must publish a notice of proposed rulemaking in the Federal Register and allow an opportunity for the public to comment on the proposed rule. They also need to complete scientific, engineering, and economic analyses, as well as respond to comments submitted by outside organizations and individuals. The demands of analysis and information processing can strain limited agency staff, as well as limit the public's capacity to review and comment upon major regulations as they are developed. Electronic rulemaking, or e-rulemaking, offers the potential to overcome some of the informational burdens associated with developing regulations. E-rulemaking harnesses the power of advanced digital technologies and may help make the rulemaking process more manageable for federal agencies, as well as help expand and enhance the public's involvement in the rulemaking process. Interest in e-rulemaking is growing in Washington, D.C. Electronic government has become a major element of the Bush administration's overall management plan, and e-rulemaking forms one of the components of this e-government strategy.
An investigation of fractals generated by

Abstract This paper explores methods of generating fractals from the mapping z → z−n + c and discusses the structure of the resulting images. Lyapunov exponents and cycle periodicity show details of these fractals that are obscured by prior escape-time techniques. The resulting fractals are shown to have a hypocycloid shape. The associated Julia sets can be classified into a variety of types.
ON THE ESSENTIALITY OF BANKS

We compare allocations sustained by credit with allocations sustained by bank notes (inside money) in a search model with decentralized trade and limited monitoring. We demonstrate that there exists a credit arrangement that is superior to inside money. However, in contrast with inside money, this arrangement is not robust to an expansion of trade that is not accompanied by an adequate increase in the degree of monitoring. Therefore, banks are essential when trade is intense and monitoring is limited. As a historical application, we argue that our model helps explain the origins of banking in Medieval and Early Modern Europe.