cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A genre-based investigation of applied linguistics book reviews in English and Brazilian Portuguese

Abstract This genre-based study examined cross-cultural rhetorical patterns of academic applied linguistics book reviews in English and Brazilian Portuguese (BP). It explored how this genre is contextualized in a Brazilian and in an English-medium journal, following a move-analysis approach. The findings revealed that the academic book reviews largely followed the moves first identified by Motta-Roth (1998) , with the exception of evaluative Move 3. This move, unlike the linear sequence previously proposed, was found to be predominantly cyclical. Further, the book reviews in English appeared to be more critical than the BP ones. The English book reviews recommended the books only after indicating potential shortcomings whereas the majority of book reviews in BP recommended the book without mentioning caveats. The BP book reviews also seem to point to an ‘avoidance of conflict’ found in other genres in BP, such as research articles. Finally, the BP book reviews displayed considerably more variation than the English counterparts, which may suggest that while this genre is well established in the discourse community in the English-medium journal, it might still be emerging in the Brazilian context. Explanations are offered to account for cross-cultural differences.
Properties of bone at low temperatures and its potential as cryostat support material

Abstract The ultimate compressive strength, σ f , Young's modulus, E, and the integrated thermal conductivity k T 1 – T 2 , of bone have been measured between 20 and 80 K. The two figures of merit indicating the quality for transmission of forces to low temperature apparatus are determined as σ f / k 4–77 = 42.5 ± 4 Ms m −2 , and E/k 4–77 = 3.5 ± 0.2 Gs m −2 . According to these figures bone is comparable or superior to the best glass-fibre composites. Some observations on creep strength are added.
An immunoglobulin heavy chain gene deletion at direct repeats: nucleotide sequence and effect on mRNA accumulation.

Abstract The DNA from the mouse myeloma cell, 117, which produces aberrant γ2b heavy chain mRNAs, was cloned and sequenced. The 117 mutant, and its parent line 10.1, share a small deletion at the splice junction of the CH 1 domain which results in the absence of CH 1 sequences from the mRNA. In addition, the genomic DNA of 117 has a deletion of 253 nucleotides which fuses the CH 2 and CH 3 exons, causes a frameshift of the next 43 amino acids and results in a truncated protein. The deleted nucleotides are flanked by two direct repeats of the CAGCA pentamer in the normal gene. One copy of the repeat and the interposed DNA is removed in the mutant. The DNA deletion is colinear with the mRNA. Both 117 and 10.1 cells have decreased accumulation of the secretory-specific γ2b mRNA. The amounts of membrane-specific γ2b mRNA are also affected in the mutants.
The ‘paradox of enrollment’: Assessing the costs and benefits of party memberships

Abstract. From Duverger onward, students of party organization have failed to address systematically the question of what party members actually do for ‘mass’ parties. This article argues that a clearer understanding of the particular reasons why parties want to have members can help us better interpret ongoing changes in relations between specific party organizations and individual party members. This article lists a wide range of arguments that parties are most likely to make concerning the costs and benefits of memberships. Which of these types of arguments a specific party highlights has implications about the types of members it is looking to attract, and about what the party will be willing to offer to attract such members. The article concludes with a discussion showing how the perspective developed here can be used to illuminate recent changes in several German and British political party organizations, changes which, by themselves, may appear to be isolated and meaningless organizational details.
Laparoscopic finger-assisted technique (fingeroscopy) for treatment of complicated appendicitis.

Laparoscopic appendectomy for acute appendicitis, first described by Semm in 1982, is still a procedure under evaluation: The small incision used in the open technique approximates the one required for the insertion of a laparoscopic port. Furthermore, published data have demonstrated conflicting results or have failed to establish laparoscopy as the technique of choice for the management of acute appendicitis. The laparoscopic management of perforated appendicitis is even more questionable. The technique is challenging because of the loss of tactile feeling and the difficulties in distinguishing healthy bowel from necrotic tissue. Conversion rates for attempted laparoscopic appendectomy in perforated appendicitis range from 6.5% to 17.6%, mainly because of excessive inflammation, presence of adhesions, or retrocecal position of the appendix. In fact, a preoperative diagnosis of perforated appendicitis is a contraindication to laparoscopy in most centers. Adequate exposure frequently requires a large open incision. We describe a finger-assisted technique, or “fingeroscopy,” as a simple add-on procedure that can be used during laparoscopic treatment of complicated appendicitis. This technique restores the surgeon’s tactile ability and allows gentle and safe blunt dissection of appendiceal masses under laparoscopic guidance. The technique is applied without enlarging the port incision and reduces the conversion rate to an open procedure.
Proton stripping reactions on 194Pt, 196Pt AND 198Pt

Abstract The ( 3 He, d) and ( 4 He, t) single proton stripping reactions have been studied on 194, 196, 198 Pt at beam energies of 41.2 and 35.1 MeV, respectively. It is observed that the distribution of l = 0 and l = 2 stripping strength does not depend strongly upon the target species, while the excitation energies of prominent 9 2 − , 11 2 − and 13 2 + states increase dramatically with increasing neutron in the target. These results are interpreted as evidence for a negative deformation of the high spin orbitals, decreasing in magnitude for the heavier isotopes. The role of the rotation-alignment coupling is noted in the large spectroscopic factors for the prominent high spin bandheads.
Exposure Levels and Oral Toxicity of Surfactants

This review is a guide to the original scientific literature (through 1966) pertinent to possible effects of our exposure to the trace amounts of surfactants which may enter our environment via sewage. The data show beyond any reasonable question that the margin of safety is very great, and there is no indication that hazard exists.
The Republicans Should Pray for Rain: Weather, Turnout, and Voting in U.S. Presidential Elections

The relationship between bad weather and lower levels of voter turnout is widely espoused by media, political practitioners, and, perhaps, even political scientists. Yet, there is virtually no solid empirical evidence linking weather to voter participation. This paper provides an extensive test of the claim. We examine the effect of weather on voter turnout in 14 U.S. presidential elections. Using GIS interpolations, we employ meteorological data drawn from over 22,000 U.S. weather stations to provide election day estimates of rain and snow for each U.S. county. We find that, when compared to normal conditions, rain significantly reduces voter participation by a rate of just less than 1% per inch, while an inch of snowfall decreases turnout by almost .5%. Poor weather is also shown to benefit the Republican party's vote share. Indeed, the weather may have contributed to two Electoral College outcomes, the 1960 and 2000 presidential elections.
Combining Reward and Escape DRO to Reduce the Problem Behavior of Students with Severe Disabilities

During instruction, the occurrence per minute of problem behavior was studied across three students with severe disabilities. Following a functional assessment identifying problem behavior as being related to teacher demands, reinforcement schedules based upon reward DRO, escape DRO, and combined DRO were analyzed for their relative effectiveness in decreasing problem behavior across three tasks. The three DRO schedules were studied using an alternating treatments design with intervention by task Latin square counterbalancing. Reward DRO used contingent access to a preferred event following the omission of problem behavior as a positive reinforcer. Escape DRO allowed the termination of instruction contingent on the omission of problem behavior. Combined DRO employed both types of reinforcer functions used in the reward and escape DRO schedules. Reduction in the frequency of problem behavior was greatest for all three students using the combined DRO schedule.
Exposure to Sodium Metam during Zebrafish Somitogenesis Results in Early Transcriptional Indicators of the Ensuing Neuronal and Muscular Dysfunction

Exposures to sodium metam (NaM) within the developmental period of somitogenesis (10- to 18-h postfertilization [hpf]) results in easily detectable distortions of the notochord by 24 hpf in the developing zebrafish. We hypothesized that NaM-induced transcriptional changes during somitogenesis would reveal the major molecular targets in the zebrafish embryo. Embryos were exposed to NaM beginning at 4 hpf (1000 cells) and total RNA was isolated from embryos at the 3 somite (11 hpf), 10 somite (14 hpf), 18 somite (18 hpf), and larval (24 hpf) stages of development. Using the Affymetrix zebrafish gene array we observed relatively few mRNAs differentially regulated at least twofold at each time point (11 hpf, 101 genes; 14 hpf, 151; 18 hpf, 154; 24 hpf, 33). The transcriptional profiles reveal neurodevelopment and myogenesis as the two primary targets of NaM developmental exposure. Quantitative PCR of several muscle and neuronal genes confirmed the array response. We also followed the structural development of the peripheral nervous system under NaM exposure using antibodies against neuronal structural proteins. Although there was no change in the onset of antibody staining, profound alterations became apparent during the period in which the notochord becomes distorted (> 18 hpf). Motor neuron development observed with the Tg(NBT:MAPT-GFP)zc1 transgenic zebrafish and a primary motor neuron specific antibody showed similar timing in the structural alterations observed in these cell types. Further study of the interactions of dithiocarbamates with the regulatory elements of fast muscle development and neurodevelopment is warranted.
Energy Conversion and Transmission Modules for Space Solar Power

This paper begins with an introduction to the concept of space solar power (SSP) and summarizes selected prior studies of proposed solar power satellite (SPS) systems. The functional components of a generic SPS are delineated, and various approaches and promising concepts from prior and current development efforts are elucidated. The fundamentals of wireless power transfer for the SPS application are reviewed, including a discussion of retrodirective beam control approaches. A survey of related technology research and development campaigns for energy conversion and transmission modules for recently proposed modular architectures is outlined. Advances in solid state amplifier technology with relevance to SSP are reviewed, with areas of particular criticality highlighted. Performance metrics for proposed SPS systems and their components are enumerated, and efforts to design, fabricate, and test a prototype conversion module operating at 2.45 GHz in a space-like environment are described.
1F-1 The Threshold for Bubble Collapse in Tubes and in Gel Embedded Microtunnels

A series of experiments involving an ultrasound contrast agent injected into different diameter polyester microtubes and in micrometer diameter tunnels embedded in gel is presented. The pressure amplitude threshold for bubble collapse, as recorded by broadband acoustic emission, was investigated as a function of the vessel diameter and microbubble concentration. This threshold was found to be dependent on the vessel diameter with an increase for smaller diameters. The motivation of this study lies in the possibility of obtaining a better understanding of microbubble behavior in confined geometries in order to optimize techniques involving microbubble disruption for medical applications of ultrasound
A two-layer magneto-TLM contact resistance model: application to modulation-doped FET structures

The resistance for a two-layer structure with planar contacts is derived, with both the contacts and the region between the contacts modeled as transmission lines. Magnetic field effects are included, yielding additional information on mobilities and carrier concentrations. The theory can be fitted to the usual resistance-versus-contact-separation data as a function of magnetic field strength. Fitted parameters include mobilities and carrier concentrations in each layer, both under the contact and in the bulk material between the contacts, as well as specific contact resistivities for the contact barriers. Experimental results are obtained for an AlGaAs/InGaAs modulation-doped FET structure. >
Marital conflict and children's functioning

Marital conflict is a key factor in adjustment problems in children. Research is reviewed indicating that conflicts are stressful for children, and increase their aggression and enmeshment in parental disputes. Field studies, supported by recent experimental tests, indicate that sensitization to destructive conflict occurs, resulting in greater reactivity. Marital conflict can disrupt parenting and attachments, increase aggression between siblings, and even impact extended family members such as grandparents. Intense, aggressive conflicts and those centering on the child are particularly destructive. By contrast, resolution much reduces negative reactions and can be detected through a variety of channels of information.
The evolving role of systemic therapy in high risk prostate cancer: Strategies for cure in the 21st century

High-risk prostate cancer is a heterogeneous group that includes patients with clinically locally advanced stage disease at diagnosis. Unlike overt locally advanced disease, prediction of risk in clinically localized disease at an individual patient level, is not always easy or accurate with present knowledge. Gleason score, pretreatment prostate specific antigen (PSA), and stage (capsular invasion, seminal vesicle and nodal involvement) are the universally recognized criteria used to define risk. Overall, this group of patients have a greater than 50% risk of relapse. Historically, local treatment modalities with radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy constituted the mainstay of therapy in the majority of localized prostate cancer patients. However, the primary cause of failure and disease mortality stems from the development of systemic metastases. As we continue to witness stage migration towards earlier stage disease (presumably PSA related) and mortality reduction, devising better strategies for cure is a must. Recently completed randomized trials indicate a benefit from the use of hormonal therapy in patients with locally advanced prostate cancer treated with radiation therapy or node positive patients, post radical prostatectomy. While hormone-based combined modality trials have consistently shown improvements in local and systemic disease control, only two of these demonstrated improvements in overall survival. The palliative benefit of chemotherapy in hormone refractory disease and the promising response rates with newer agents has evoked interest in the use of chemotherapy in high-risk prostate cancer in the adjuvant and neoadjuvant settings. Several phase II and III trials are ongoing. Novel avenues of therapy such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors, gene therapy and angiogenesis inhibitors incorporated in a multimodality treatment strategy are likely to impact the course of this disease in the future.
Transmitted Reference Ultra-Wideband Communications with M-ary PPM

To increase the transmission data rate, we propose to use M-ary pulse position modulation (PPM) for transmitted reference (TR) ultra-wideband (UWB) systems. The performance of TR UWB systems employing M-ary PPM is investigated in multipath, multiuser environments without centralized power control. The interference from high-power users is shown to significantly degrade the performance of TR UWB systems using M-ary PPM. Chip discrimination is used to mitigate the detrimental effect of high-power users. Theoretical analysis on the performance of M-ary PPM applied to TR UWB systems is derived. A tight upper bound for the symbol error probability is obtained. Analysis and numerical results show that TR UWB systems with M-ary PPM using chip discrimination is robust against high-power interfering users in wireless networks where centralized power control is infeasible, such as ad-hoc networks.
Prosumer-based control architecture for the future electricity grid

The electricity industry has embarked on an unprecedented process of modernization and transformation to meet the emerging needs of a highly reliable, efficient and sustainable society. Although DOE has defined a coherent set of broad objectives for the smart grid, there are growing concerns that the current architecture of the electricity industry and the associate infrastructure controls may not be able to support these objectives. A broader vision of what will be possible in the future grid is highly needed as well as the definition of formal control architecture. This paper proposes some of the core elements that can ensure that smart grid related efforts, such as regulatory policy, market structure, control infrastructure and power technologies, realize the smart grid objectives in a measurable manner. We propose a distributed, prosumer-based grid control architecture. This architecture is very flexible and ultimately enables a paradigm that can foster innovation while supporting the current grid and a large number of emerging requirements.
Do Anergic T Cells Induce Suppressor T Lymphocytes Through Idiotypic Interactions

Suppression by T cells and T cell anergy have been implied, at different periods of immunological research, as the main agents of peripheral down regulation of the immune response. This article discusses the possibility that anergic T cells, with the participation of appropriate co-stimulatory molecules on their membranes, stimulate CD8 cells with an alpha/beta TCR specific for peptides of the TCR of the anergic cell itself processed and presented by class I MHC. The non-anergic (orthoergic) members of the same clone, if activated, process and present their TCR in the same way, but, lacking the co-stimulatory molecule, are unable to stimulate the anti-idiotype CD8 cells. On the other hand the orthoergic, but not the anergic, cells can be induced into death (possibly by apoptosis) by the specific CD8 lymphocytes or, alternatively, can be pushed into the anergic pool by the same CD8 suppressors, thus contributing to the generation of a TCR-restricted circuit in which suppression is dominant. This simple immunosuppressive circuit can adequately explain some recent experiments on the course of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis. It is to be stressed that many elements of the proposal are hypothetical. They are, however, open to experimental study.
Effect of Heating Temperature and Time on the Volatile Oxidative Decomposition of Linolenate

Ethyl linolenate, was thermally oxidized at 70°C, 180°C, 250°C in a closed system in the presence of atmospheric oxygen. On the basis of the peroxide curve obtained at each of the three temperatures, three heating times were chosen for the analysis of the volatile decomposition products. These products were identified by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The qualitative pattern of the volatile decomposition products was the same for all treatments. Nine of the products were consistent with compounds predicted from cleavage of the conjugated linolenate hydroperoxides, with the C9 oxo-ester and the C8 ethyl ester produced in the largest amounts. Other predicted products were not detected and were hypothesized to undergo further degradations. Although the major effect of temperature was found to be a quantitative one, it was difficult to relate the amounts of oxidation products directly to a temperature- dependent preferential hydroperoxide scission.
Domestication and crop physiology: roots of green-revolution wheat.

Background and Aims Most plant scientists, in contrast to animal scientists, study only half the organism, namely above-ground stems, leaves, flowers and fruits, and neglect below-ground roots. Yet all acknowledge roots are important for anchorage, water and nutrient uptake, and presumably components of yield. This paper investigates the relationship between domestication, and the root systems of landraces, and the parents of early, mid- and late green-revolution bread wheat cultivars. It compares the root system of bread wheat and ‘Veery’-type wheat containing the 1RS translocation from rye.
Fluctuation in Relationship Quality Over Time and Individual Well-Being Main, Mediated, and Moderated Effects

This study examined how the degree of within-person variation (or temporal fluctuation) in relationship quality over time was associated with well-being (psychological distress and life satisfaction). A national sample of 18- to 34-year-old men and women in unmarried, opposite-sex relationships completed six waves of surveys every 4 months (N = 748). Controlling for initial levels of and linear changes in relationship quality, greater temporal fluctuation in relationship quality over time was associated with increasing psychological distress and decreasing life satisfaction over time. Decreased confidence in one’s relationship partially mediated these associations. Moderation analyses revealed that the association between fluctuations in relationship quality and change in life satisfaction was stronger for women, participants cohabiting with their partners, and those with greater anxious attachment, whereas the association between fluctuations in relationship quality and change in psychological distress w...
The moral responsibility of the university

What is the moral responsibility of a group which compose an institution like a university? In attempting to propose an answer, it is important to recognize the purpose for which this institution came into being. Rashdall, who is perhaps the best authority on the European forbears of our university, does not show that responsibility for morals, in the then condition of society, was any great responsibility of the university. They were places where persons could seek knowledge, dispute, secure licenses to practice teaching, preaching, medicine, etc. These universities were closely related to the church, and in many cases, received documents of authority from the church. The church desired the promotion of religion and that included morals. However, heresy was more likely to arouse ecclesiastical action than infraction of morals. There were exceptions and perhaps the case of Abelard
Contributions of Telomere Biology to Human Age-Related Disease

Telomeres are the structures composing and protecting the termini of chromosomes, and are thus critical for normal chromosome stability. Numerous stresses cause losses of telomere length and function with cell division and age, in turn leading to altered cell physiology including changes in gene expression and metabolism, to cell cycle arrest (cell senescence) or to cell death (apoptosis). It is widely hypothesized that such telomere-related changes underlie aspects of human aging and disease. Here, basic aspects of telomere structure and function are reviewed, along with mechanisms by which telomeres can lose function and impact cell behavior. Emerging evidence linking telomeres to human longevity and age-related diseases is discussed, including findings related to cardiovascular diseases, cancer, osteoporosis, menopause, type 2 diabetes mellitus, pulmonary fibrosis, and cirrhosis, as well as findings from studies of centenarians, mouse models, and individuals with progeroid disorders.
Right ventricular undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma: A case report.

Undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS), previously known as malignant fibrous histiocytoma, is a neoplasm that occurs most often in the extremities, trunk, and retroperitoneum. Rarely, UPS can occur in the cardiac chambers and great vessels. The diagnosis of UPS is difficult to establish with noninvasive imaging techniques, and these tumors may be mistaken for benign neoplasms preoperatively. Surgical excision is the standard therapy, although the extent and location of the tumor may limit the ability to perform a complete resection. Adjuvant chemotherapy and/or radiation are often used for incomplete resections. We report the case of a 57-year-old woman with a large right ventricular UPS who presented with signs of right-sided heart failure. Preoperative imaging was suggestive of a myxoma; however, histopathologic evaluation of the specimen confirmed a diagnosis of UPS. Microscopic margins of the specimen were positive, and adjuvant chemotherapy was given. We discuss diagnostic and treatment considerations for this unusual cardiac tumor.
The nuclear pore complex: A new dynamic in HIV-1 replication

The ability to traverse an intact nuclear envelope and productively infect non-dividing cells is a salient feature of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) and other lentiviruses, but the viral factors and mechanism of nuclear entry have not been defined. We have recently reported a functional role for the nucleoporin NUP153 in the nuclear import of the HIV-1 preintegration complex (PIC). Our findings suggest that HIV-1 sub- viral particles gain access to the nucleus by interacting directly with the nuclear pore complex (NPC) via the binding of PIC-associated integrase (IN) to the C-terminal domain of NUP153. This article discusses how NPC conformation and constitution might influence nuclear import of the PIC, and the subsequent integration of the viral cDNA into actively transcribed genes.
Mapping of the mouse Rxr loci encoding nuclear retinoid X receptors RXRα, RXRβ, and RXRγ *

Recently, a novel subgroup of nuclear hormone receptors called RXRs implicated for retinoid-mediated gene regulation have been identified. RXRs appear to interact with many other nuclear hormone receptors and modulate their functions. We have mapped genetic loci Rxra, Rxrb, and Rxrg encoding three RXR subtypes, RXR alpha, RXR beta, and RXR gamma, respectively, using interspecific backcross mice. None of the Rxr loci cosegregated with each other or with the retinoic acid receptor loci (Rar) mapped previously. Rxra mapped to Chr 2 near the centromere, Rxrb mapped to the H-2 region of Chr 17, and Rxrg was tightly linked to the Pbx gene on distal Chr 1. These results underscore that RXR genes are dispersed in the genome.
Estimation of Snow Depth Using L1 GPS Signal-to-Noise Ratio Data

Accurate measurements of snowpack properties are needed by scientists to better understand effects of climate variability on water resource availability. Satellite measurements currently assess snow cover rather than snow depth. Many in situ snow sensors/networks lack the necessary spatial and temporal sensitivity needed for such studies. Existing GPS networks are a potential source of new snow data for climate and hydrology studies, but current operational analyses only use signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) data from the new GPS signal centered at 1.2 GHz (L2C). These data are often unavailable in GPS archives. A snow depth algorithm that used the older (less precise) GPS signal centered at 1.5 GHz (L1) would provide longer snow depth time series that are needed by climate scientists. Here, an algorithm is developed to use the L1 SNR data. Snow depth estimates are derived for 23 sites for 5 years. These data are compared with existing snow depth time series derived from the L2C signal. They show an average bias of 1 cm and correlation of 0.95. Some of this disagreement is due to differences in the azimuthal coverage of the two datasets. The L1 snow depth solutions are also compared with in situ measurements, yielding a bias of $- {4}\;\text{cm}$ , comparable to the $- {6}\;\text{cm}$ bias found in a previous study of the L2C retrieval algorithm.
Pathologists’ Roles in Molecular Oncology Testing of Solid Tumors

Pathologists play a critical role at least in the pre-analytic component of the total test system. While the majority of general pathologists do not physically perform molecular testing in the laboratory, their active participation in the total test system is required. For meaningful and effective participation in molecular testing, knowledge of the testing process, limitations of testing and factors that might potentially lead to test failures is critical.
Altered regulation of potassium and calcium channels by GABA(B) and adenosine receptors in hippocampal neurons from mice lacking Gα(o)

To examine the role of Go in modulation of ion channels by neurotransmitter receptors, we characterized modulation of ionic currents in hippocampal CA3 neurons from mice lacking both isoforms of Gαo. In CA3 neurons from Gαo −/− mice, 2-chloro-adenosine and the GABAB-receptor agonist baclofen activated inwardly rectifying K+ currents and inhibited voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents just as effectively as in Gαo +/+ littermates. However, the kinetics of transmitter action were dramatically altered in Gαo −/− mice in that recovery on washout of agonist was much slower. For example, recovery from 2-chloro-adenosine inhibition of calcium current was more than fourfold slower in neurons from Gαo −/− mice [time constant of 12.0 ± 0.8 (SE) s] than in neurons from Gαo +/+ mice (time constant of 2.6 ± 0.2 s). Recovery from baclofen effects was affected similarly. In neurons from control mice, effects of both baclofen and 2-chloro-adenosine on Ca2+ currents and K+currents were abolished by brief exposure to externalN-e...
High-Water Marks Contracts Versus Recurring Option Contracts

This paper analyzes a fund manager's portfolio optimization problem when compensated by either a high-water marks (HWM) contract or a recurring option contract with a fixed benchmark rate. In a model with an indefinite number of periods, the compensations are paid out annually, while the manager's portfolio decision is made in continuous time. The manager’s utility increases with the rate of the performance fee and decreases with the level of HWM and the option contract benchmark rate. Both types of contracts encourage risk taking in general. The HWM provision has a net disciplinary effect on the manager's risk taking incentive.
mHealth — Opportunities for Transforming Global Health Care and Barriers to Adoption

Mobile health, or mHealth, is a growing area of research and development. Made possible by wireless technologies, mHealth uses communication devices to connect patients and providers remotely. mHealth promises to make a big impact on health care in the next decades, possibly changing the way traditional health care is currently conducted. Many pilot projects are being done worldwide, and areas of opportunity are being identified for a global impact. Barriers to large-scale adoption such as standards, security, and interoperability are also being identified.
Analytic Functions in Smirnov Classes E p with Real Boundary Values

Smirnov domains with non-smooth boundaries do admit non-trivial functions of Smirnov class with real boundary values. We will show that the existance of functions in Smirnov classes with real boundary values is directly dependent on the boundary characteristics of a Smirnov domain.
The AEF and Colonel Moorman

The next three Manly articles are all about the cryptographic section of the American Expeditionary Force (AEF) in France during the war—G2-A6. This first article (Article I) contains several anecdotes about the AEF. It mentions Major (later Colonel) Frank Moorman as the head of the cryptographic section in France. The article also defines and describes the differences between codes and ciphers and gives some examples.
Remarks on a paper of Ahmad, Ahmad and Ahmed

Ahmad et al. (2015) consider a Transmuted Kumaraswamy distribution and study certain properties of their distribution. In the title of their paper they mention characterization of this distribution, but no characterization are presented in their paper. In the present short note, we establish certain characterizations of the Transmuted Kumaraswamy distribution in three directions.
The Nuts and Bolts of Transcriptionally Silent Chromatin in Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Transcriptional silencing in Saccharomyces cerevisiae occurs at several genomic sites including the silent mating-type loci, telomeres, and the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) tandem array. Epigenetic silencing at each of these domains is characterized by the absence of nearly all histone modifications, including most prominently the lack of histone H4 lysine 16 acetylation. In all cases, silencing requires Sir2, a highly-conserved NAD(+)-dependent histone deacetylase. At locations other than the rDNA, silencing also requires additional Sir proteins, Sir1, Sir3, and Sir4 that together form a repressive heterochromatin-like structure termed silent chromatin. The mechanisms of silent chromatin establishment, maintenance, and inheritance have been investigated extensively over the last 25 years, and these studies have revealed numerous paradigms for transcriptional repression, chromatin organization, and epigenetic gene regulation. Studies of Sir2-dependent silencing at the rDNA have also contributed to understanding the mechanisms for maintaining the stability of repetitive DNA and regulating replicative cell aging. The goal of this comprehensive review is to distill a wide array of biochemical, molecular genetic, cell biological, and genomics studies down to the "nuts and bolts" of silent chromatin and the processes that yield transcriptional silencing.
“I got it on Ebay!”: cost-effective approach to surgical skills laboratories

Abstract Background Surgical education is witnessing a surge in the use of simulation. However, implementation of simulation is often cost-prohibitive. Online shopping offers a low budget alternative. The aim of this study was to implement cost-effective skills laboratories and analyze online versus manufacturers' prices to evaluate for savings. Materials and methods Four skills laboratories were designed for the surgery clerkship from July 2014 to June 2015. Skills laboratories were implemented using hand-built simulation and instruments purchased online. Trademarked simulation was priced online and instruments priced from a manufacturer. Costs were compiled, and a descriptive cost analysis of online and manufacturers' prices was performed. Learners rated their level of satisfaction for all educational activities, and levels of satisfaction were compared. Results A total of 119 third-year medical students participated. Supply lists and costs were compiled for each laboratory. A descriptive cost analysis of online and manufacturers' prices showed online prices were substantially lower than manufacturers, with a per laboratory savings of: $1779.26 (suturing), $1752.52 (chest tube), $2448.52 (anastomosis), and $1891.64 (laparoscopic), resulting in a year 1 savings of $47,285. Mean student satisfaction scores for the skills laboratories were 4.32, with statistical significance compared to live lectures at 2.96 ( P P Conclusions A cost-effective approach for implementation of skills laboratories showed substantial savings. By using hand-built simulation boxes and online resources to purchase surgical equipment, surgical educators overcome financial obstacles limiting the use of simulation and provide learning opportunities that medical students perceive as beneficial.
Motion-Robust Reconstruction based on Simultaneous Multi-Slice Registration for Diffusion-Weighted MRI of Moving Subjects.

Simultaneous multi-slice (SMS) echo-planar imaging has had a huge impact on the acceleration and routine use of diffusion-weighted MRI (DWI) in neuroimaging studies in particular the human connectome project; but also holds the potential to facilitate DWI of moving subjects, as proposed by the new technique developed in this paper. We present a novel registration-based motion tracking technique that takes advantage of the multi-plane coverage of the anatomy by simultaneously acquired slices to enable robust reconstruction of neural microstructure from SMS DWI of moving subjects. Our technique constitutes three main components: (1) motion tracking and estimation using SMS registration, (2) detection and rejection of intra-slice motion, and (3) robust reconstruction. Quantitative results from 14 volunteer subject experiments and the analysis of motion-corrupted SMS DWI of 6 children indicate robust reconstruction in the presence of continuous motion and the potential to extend the use of SMS DWI in very challenging populations.
Models of Consultation and Liaison

As indicated in several previous chapters, mental health consultation to childbirth services bears many similarities to conventional consultation and liaison services in a general hospital but with several significant adaptations. In Chapter 1 (Introduction), there is reference to the long history of development of the fields of psychosomatic medicine and consultation and liaison and the manner in which these paths have bifurcated to some degree over recent years. It is important to remember that the basic tenets of consultation and liaison in general medical and surgical hospitals have many applications to the field of obstetrics and childbirth, and it must be assumed that the reader enjoys a working knowledge of this data base.
Thermally driven bubble evolution at a heater wire in water characterized by high-speed transmission electron microscopy

This work investigates the early stage evolution of thermally nucleated microbubbles in water using in situ high-speed, 400 fps, transmission electron microscopy. A Pt wire Joule heater induced bubble nucleation and growth from air-saturated water at different levels of power. For all powers below Pt breakdown, the dissolved gas initiates bubble nucleation at the concave surface defects adjacent to the area of highest temperature. A combination of interfacial forces and stress relaxation drive rapid migration of the bubbles away from the nucleation site. Thermocapillary forces ultimately dominate and drive their return to the region of highest temperature. The dynamic response highlights the importance of this length and time domain, which has until now received limited direct study.
Systematically Addressing Hospital Patient Education

ABSTRACTThis study evaluated patient education materials at a large hospital. In this online field survey study, subjective plain language quality of patient materials was determined by health professionals’ perceptions of patients’ understanding of materials; objective quality was assessed using Fry and Flesch-Kincaid readability assessments. Subjectively, 74% of surveyed employees rated patient understanding of resources identified as very good or good. Objective plain language quality assessment revealed between 9th and 10th grade readability levels of materials. Improving patient education with attention to readability can help hospitals address the ten attributes of health literate healthcare organizations and improve patient experiences.
From fear and guilt: negative perceptions of Ashley Madison users

ABSTRACTA common cultural norm in committed relationships is that of sexual exclusiveness. When this norm is violated, those involved are often perceived negatively. Recently, a website facilitating extradyadic relationships, AshleyMadison.com (AM), was hacked, and the personal information of the members was illegally disseminated. As a result of the large amount of accompanying media coverage, AM users have been negatively perceived and even openly mocked. The current study explored potential predictors for the negative perceptions (i.e. demonisation) of AM users using a large online sample. In a predominantly exploratory study, myriad variables were examined from both outside (e.g. just world belief) and inside the psychosexual (e.g. sociosexuality) literature. The findings indicate that the predictors of jealousy and sexual guilt both positively predict demonisation of AM users, above and beyond the other individual difference variables.
Secondary Headaches in the Rehabilitation Patient

While approximately 90% of headaches are considered primary or without an underlying secondary cause to explain their etiology (see previous chapter), close to 10% of headaches are symptomatic of another condition. They are then referred to as secondary headaches. The actual percentage of one type versus the other is subject to referral bias; hence, the chance of finding an underlying headache-inducing pathologic process is far higher in the neurosurgeon’s clinic than it is in the primary care clinician’s facility. The possibility of missing an underlying cause creates anxiety in patients and clinicians alike. This chapter provides an overview of the approach to such workups and a summary of the more likely causes of head pain also touching upon anatomical findings that might incorrectly be assumed to be generating headaches. It is important to avoid unnecessary and especially invasive workups or treatments since risk may outweigh benefit in some cases. Imaging guidelines, etc., are provided, but for more detailed and newer options and overviews, please see the reading list at the end of the chapter.
Generalities on Algebraic Groups

In this chapter, we first discuss the generalities on algebraic groups — the Lie algebra of an algebraic group, Jordan decomposition in an algebraic group, etc. We then discuss the structure theory of connected solvable groups. We also introduce the variety of Borel subgroups. For details, refer to [5, 25].
Conflict, Cooperation, and Cognition in the Common Raven

Abstract In this overview of the modern study of the behavior of the Common raven, Corvus corax, I integrate recent experiments and observations of both field and captive-held birds. A primary contention and original focus concerned the apparently enigmatic behavior of juveniles and non-breeders recruiting others to share food bonanzas. I review how and why the sharing behavior was revealed to be an evolutionary stable strategy with benefits exceeding costs, by examining its mechanisms. The birds; social behavior probably arose from intense competition, and underlying mechanisms of dealing with it involve the interactions of instincts, learning, culture and insight. The birds; feeding strategies evolved in the context of interactions with dangerous carnivores and close and often repeated interactions of the same individuals of their own and other kinds at potentially long-lasting carcasses in the winter. Such social setting probably evolved “theory-of-mind” abilities, which in conjunction with memory helps to explain aspects of the ravens' food-caching behavior as well as possible insight of means-ends problem solving.
Loominary: Crafting Tangible Artifacts from Player Narrative

While game narrative provides a story for the player to experience, the moment-to-moment decisions made by the player are just as important to the experience. These decisions make up a personal narrative that the player creates through their choices and actions within the game. These stories describe the player's experience, and are the stories that often get shared and retold by the player. However, these narratives are rarely captured by the game and instead rely on the player to memorize and retell them. In response to this, we designed Loominary, a game platform that plays Twine games using a rigid heddle table-top loom as a controller. Not only does this provide a new method of interacting with a game, but also records each of the player's choices into a tangible object that is created by interacting with the game. Loominary is a working prototype and in this paper, we discuss the design considerations and areas for improvement.
Keyword Extraction Through Contextual Semantic Analysis of Documents

Keywords in a text are often used to suggest the main concepts being discussed and help to index them. However, most of the traditional approaches make use of techniques that rely on analyzing just the syntactic aspect of texts, ignoring the meaning they convey and more importantly, the semantic effect of one word over another (context). This paper explores two alternative approaches to extract concept-terms based on semantic features embedded in textual documents extracted from Wikipedia. The first approach extends the concept of Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD), and the second approach enhances the theory behind traditional lexical chains. These applied techniques also consider distinct levels of abstraction with respect to the meanings of words, in addition to the context in which they appear. Our initial results show that both techniques are robust and can extract the main concepts in a document without human intervention or supervision.
Toward a Skillful Psychology

It is an honour to address the Conference on the Acquisition of Symbolic Skills, and also a pleasure. The topic of this conference is an important one, about which we all still have much to learn. It is important because the concept of symbolic skill lies quite close - closer than might have been expected - to our conception of human nature itself. Animals don’t exhibit symbolic skills, and neither do computers - so I shall argue - but people do. Sometimes even psychologists do. My aim here is to clarify these ideas as much as possible - to say what skills are, and what symbolic skills might be, and why they are interesting. You must not expect, however, that my attempt at clarification will be entirely successful. I am not quite skillful enough for that.
The Ultraviolet Spectra of Chalcones and Aurones

Chalcones and aurones, which are often referred to as the “anthochlor” pigments because many turn red on contact with alkali, are relatively rare types of flavonoids [1]. Detailed spectral analyses, in particular of synthetic chalcones and aurones, have been published elsewhere [2 – 5], but for completeness a number have been included here. The UV spectra of both chalcones and aurones are characterized by an intense Band I and a diminished Band II absorption.