cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
GENDER-ROLE ORIENTATION AS A DETERMINANT OF ENTREPRENEURIAL SELF-EFFICACY

Entrepreneurial self-efficacy (ESE) is often included in entrepreneurial intentions models to explain why some individuals are more likely than others to become entrepreneurs. An unsettled question among researchers is whether ESE differs between men and women. While early studies seem to suggest that men have higher ESE than women, more recent studies are inconclusive. Lacking empirical support for gender differences in ESE compels researchers to look for other factors to explain variation in entrepreneurial self-efficacy. The present study confirms two recent studies by finding no significant difference in ESE between men and women in a representative sample of MBA students. This finding leads to an investigation of gender-role orientation as a possible determinant of differences in entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Results indicate that the relationship between gender-role orientation and entrepreneurial self-efficacy is complex and multifaceted. Early in the venture creation process, the searching and planning tasks demand creativity and innovation where a strong mix of masculine and feminine traits (androgyny) improves performance. Later in the venture creation process, an individual (male or female) with a strong masculine orientation seems better suited for undertaking entrepreneurial tasks associated with persuading and leading others.
Degenerative Myelopathy in Two Boxer Dogs

Degenerative myelopathy (DM) is a common, slowly progressive, debilitating disease reported in several dog breeds, including the German Shepherd Dog and Pembroke Welsh Corgi. Boxer dogs present occasionally for a thoracolumbar myelopathy for which no cause is identified on MRI or cerebrospinal fluid analysis. Despite a lack of a histologic description of DM in the Boxer in the veterinary literature, such dogs are presumed to have DM. Here we report 2 histologically confirmed cases of DM in the Boxer breed in which histologic studies disclosed marked degenerative changes in the spinal cord that were most prominent in the thoracic and cranial lumbar segments. Lesions consisted of myelin vacuolation and degeneration, myelophagocytosis, reactive astrocytosis, and ellipsoid formation most prominent in the lateral and ventral funiculi. We present a detailed histologic description of DM in the Boxer dog and compare it to DM in other purebred dogs.
Effects of Connectivity and Freedom on Innovation: An Empirical Test Using Different Data Sources

This paper uses cross country regression analysis on a large sample of countries to look at the hypothesized relationship between country innovation and country connectivity. Regressions are undertaken employing three different measures of innovation, using connectivity as the sole explanatory variable, and using connectivity adjusting for other variables. The analysis of the paper lends support to the proposition that greater connectivity between individuals within countries causes greater innovation within these countries. Regardless of the measure used to capture innovation, connectivity is found to be statistically relevant.
Classes of small-world networks

We study the statistical properties of a variety of diverse real-world networks. We present evidence of the occurrence of three classes of small-world networks: (a) scale-free networks, characterized by a vertex connectivity distribution that decays as a power law; (b) broad-scale networks, characterized by a connectivity distribution that has a power law regime followed by a sharp cutoff; and (c) single-scale networks, characterized by a connectivity distribution with a fast decaying tail. Moreover, we note for the classes of broad-scale and single-scale networks that there are constraints limiting the addition of new links. Our results suggest that the nature of such constraints may be the controlling factor for the emergence of different classes of networks.
Cruciferous vegetable intake is inversely associated with lung cancer risk among smokers: a case-control study

Background Inverse associations between cruciferous vegetable intake and lung cancer risk have been consistently reported. However, associations within smoking status subgroups have not been consistently addressed.
SONET configuration management with OpenPM

SONET (Synchronous Optical NETwork) has been proposed as the backbone of future information superhighway infrastructure. SONET network management, however, is a complex process that involves many heterogeneous systems and applications, as well as human interactions. In this paper, we describe a prototype system developed at Hewlett-Packard (HP) that provides a service for configuring large SONET networks. The prototype differs from the existing systems in that it employs the HP OpenPM (Open Process Management) workflow system to define, execute and monitor network management processes. Using OpenPM (a middleware service that enables the automation of activities supporting complex enterprise business processes in a distributed heterogeneous computing environment) as a reliable and efficient workflow execution engine, this prototype supports efficient distributed network management and easy integration of legacy applications. The paper describes how an example network configuration management process is modeled, executed and monitored using OpenPM.
The Council of Economic Advisers and the Recession of 1953–1954*

As the American economy, for the second time since the end of World War II, seemed about to falter in late 1953, the nation watched closely to see what economic policy the first Republican administration in twenty years would adopt. A new factor was the Council of Economic Advisers, whose professional economists, mild conservatives though they were, had long since adopted Keynesian compensatory spending as the new orthodoxy. Government spending was increased very moderately and once again the severe postwar downturn that Americans had been expecting for nearly a decade failed to develop. The credit went to Keynesianism and the Council but, as Professor Engelbourg emphasizes, whether another policy or no policy at all would have produced different results, is beyond our knowing.
A simulation study of Peer-to-Peer carsharing

Many studies have shown that carsharing reduces environmental pollution and the transportation costs for a large segment of the population. Car sharing also reduces the number of private vehicles on the road because members do not purchase their own car. However, the traditional carsharing business model is difficult to scale geographically to neighborhoods with lower population densities because the operator must bear the upfront fixed cost of purchasing or leasing the vehicles in the fleet. In contrast to traditional carsharing, Peer-to-Peer (P2P) carsharing allows car owners to convert their personal vehicles into shared cars which can be rented to other drivers on a short-term basis. This model leverages the fact that most privately owned vehicles sit idle over 90% of the day. This paper presents a simulation study and a reservation control policy (RCP) to increase the revenue generated from P2P carsharing. The results show that rejecting reservations, even when the time slot is available, increases revenue when the demand is sufficiently high.
Enhanced Allergic Inflammation and Airway Responsiveness in Rats with Chronic Cryptococcus neoformans Infection: Potential Role for Fungal Pulmonary Infection in the Pathogenesis of Asthma

Although Cryptococcus neoformans is recognized for its ability to cause meningoencephalitis and pneumonia among immunocompromised persons, subclinical pulmonary infection is also common among immunocompetent persons. The significance of this infection is unknown. Using a rat model, we explored the potential for pulmonary cryptococcosis to modify allergic responses and airway reactivity. Our findings indicate that localized pulmonary cryptococcal infection (but not disseminated infection) can exacerbate allergic responses to respiratory challenge with ovalbumin, as measured by total immunoglobulin E levels, ovalbumin-specific immunoglobulin E titers, and eosinophil content of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Infection-associated enhancement of allergic responses was not dependent on cryptococcal encapsulation and was partially ameliorated by the administration of fluconazole. Increases in both the number of goblet cells and airway responsiveness, which are also features of reactive airway disease, were also present with pulmonary infection. An examination of lung cytokine levels in the context of active pulmonary infection revealed increased expression of interleukin (IL)-10, tumor necrosis factor- alpha , and IL-13, but not IL-12 or interferon- gamma . In contrast, systemic infection was associated with higher levels of interferon- gamma but lower levels of IL-13. Our studies highlight the potential for localized pulmonary C. neoformans infection to potentiate allergic responses and airway reactivity and suggest a potential role for subclinical pulmonary cryptococcosis in the pathogenesis of asthma.
Network calibration of embedded sensors

The focus of this project is to provide methods for calibration of sensor nodes in sensor networks. The importance of the calibration problem is to compensate for the sensor reading drifts that occur due to systematic errors, noise or sensor degradation. The objective is to provide calibration techniques that apply on collaborative sensors autonomously, i.e. without supervision. Our work involves: a) distributed procedures to identify erroneous sensors; and b) a simulator framework for a sensor net drift calibration setups.
Small-angle neutron scattering from symmetric blends of poly(dimethylsiloxane) and poly(ethylmethylsiloxane)

Abstract We present results of a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) study of the structure and thermodynamic properties of symmetric blends of deuterated poly(dimethylsiloxane) (d-PDMS) and poly(ethylmethylsiloxane) (PEMS) as a function of temperature ( T ) (40≤ T ≤300 °C) and the molecular weight ( M w ) (4700≤ M w ≤23,200). The radius of gyration ( R g ) of d-PDMS was measured using the high-concentration labeling method and revealed unperturbed chain dimensions at all temperatures regardless of the polymer M w . The random phase approximation (RPA) fits the data for low M w blends, however it fails to describe the SANS data for M w >10,000 g/mol. This observation is explained by the fact that for high M w blends the correlation length of the concentration fluctuations ξ is always large ( ξ > R g ), implying that these blends remain microscopically inhomogeneous at all temperatures studied in this work. At the same time, the low M w blends are randomly mixed ( ξ R g ) at all T and can reach the ‘ideal mixing’ or Θ condition ( χ =0).
EcoGene 3.0

EcoGene (http://ecogene.org) is a database and website devoted to continuously improving the structural and functional annotation of Escherichia coli K-12, one of the most well understood model organisms, represented by the MG1655(Seq) genome sequence and annotations. Major improvements to EcoGene in the past decade include (i) graphic presentations of genome map features; (ii) ability to design Boolean queries and Venn diagrams from EcoArray, EcoTopics or user-provided GeneSets; (iii) the genome-wide clone and deletion primer design tool, PrimerPairs; (iv) sequence searches using a customized EcoBLAST; (v) a Cross Reference table of synonymous gene and protein identifiers; (vi) proteome-wide indexing with GO terms; (vii) EcoTools access to >2000 complete bacterial genomes in EcoGene-RefSeq; (viii) establishment of a MySql relational database; and (ix) use of web content management systems. The biomedical literature is surveyed daily to provide citation and gene function updates. As of September 2012, the review of 37 397 abstracts and articles led to creation of 98 425 PubMed-Gene links and 5415 PubMed-Topic links. Annotation updates to Genbank {"type":"entrez-nucleotide","attrs":{"text":"U00096","term_id":"545778205","term_text":"U00096"}}U00096 are transmitted from EcoGene to NCBI. Experimental verifications include confirmation of a CTG start codon, pseudogene restoration and quality assurance of the Keio strain collection.
Short-bowel syndrome.

Short bowel syndrome is a diagnosis that is a significant life burden for the child and his or her caregivers. It typically results from the loss of a large segment of the small intestine leading to malabsorption of nutrients. In the most severe form of intestinal failure, the patient is dependent on intravenous nutrition for survival. It was historically felt to lead only to a devastating outcome. Rapid advances in intestinal failure management have led to dramatic improvements in survival and to the achievement of the twin goals of enteral tolerance and TPN independence in most children formerly felt to be beyond hope. Best managed in specialized centers, children are initially given full TPN support including specialized lipid preparations. Early restoration of intestinal continuity and initiation of enteral feeds are standard. Children should be monitored for progress in advancing enteral feeds and reducing TPN support. If this process fails, consideration of operative intervention and enteroplasty should be made. When efforts at intestinal rehabilitation fail and children develop life-threatening complications, they should be considered for intestinal transplantation. An intensive multidisciplinary approach to management should prevent intestinal failure from ever again being considered a hopeless diagnosis.
Fabrication and Testing of Nano-Photonic Quantum Dot Waveguides

We present test results for straight and corner nanophotonic waveguides constructed from colloidal quantum dots. Elevated signal levels compared to control measurements on the substrate are observed across devices of 20 mum transmission length
Cloning: Then and Now

The possibility of human cloning first surfaced in the 1960s, stimulated by the report that a salamander had been cloned. James D. Watson and Joshua Lederberg, distinguished Nobel laureates, speculated that the cloning of human beings might one day be within reach; it was only a matter of time. Bioethics was still at that point in its infancy—indeed, the term “bioethics” was not even widely used then—and cloning immediately caught the eye of a number of those beginning to write in the field. They included Paul Ramsey, Hans Jonas, and Leon Kass. Cloning became one of the symbolic issues of what was, at that time, called “the new biology,” a biology that would be dominated by molecular genetics. Over a period of five years or so in the early 1970s a number of articles and book chapters on the ethical issues appeared, discussing cloning in its own right and cloning as a token of the radical genetic possibilities.
Optical actuation of micromechanical components

Electromagnetic momentum is a fundamental physical concept that has been demonstrated experimentally and incorporated theoretically in various areas of physics. In spite of the weak character of the electromagnetic momentum transfer process, the combination of latter-day, high-energy laser light sources and microminiature mechanical elements suggested the possibility of optical excitation of these structures. One outcome of the present theoretical analysis is the prediction of an optopiezic effect wherein electromagnetic momentum causes a mechanical stress on a dielectric layer. If this is a valid prediction, such an optically induced, expansional pressure effect could be utilized as an extensional optical-to-mechanical transduction means.
The “Palin Effect” in the 2008 U.S. Presidential Election

Using data from the American National Election Studies, this article addresses whether the Sarah Palin affected vote choice in 2008. Findings indicate not only that evaluations of Palin were a stro...
Clitics as nonbranching elements and the linear correspondence axiom

Recent work on South Slavic cliticization standardly assumes that clitic ordering in Bulgarian and Macedonian is derived through rightward head adjunction, which is inconsistent with Kayne's (1994) Linear Correspondence Axiom (LCA). In this squib I show that this potentially very serious problem for the LCA can be resolved if we adopt a particular approach to the structural representation of clitics, which is meant to hold crosslinguistically: namely, that clitics are syntactically defined as nonbranching elements (i.e. ambiguous X°/XPs), as suggested in Chomsky (1995). To the extend that it is successful, the analysis presented here will provide evidence for the clitics-as-nonbranching-elements hypothesis
Effects of Age on Time-Dependent Cognitive Change

Interpretation of cognitive change has been complicated because different influences on change are not easily distinguished. In this study, longitudinal cognitive change was decomposed into a component related to the length of the interval between test occasions (i.e., time-dependent change) and a component unrelated to the test-retest interval (i.e., time-independent change). Influences of age on the two hypothesized components were investigated in a sample of more than 1,500 adults for whom the intervals between test occasions ranged from less than 1 year to more than 8 years. Although overall change was negatively related to age for all seven composite cognitive variables, little or no effect of age was apparent for the time-dependent component of change. The results suggest that the relations between age and cognitive change over intervals of less than 8 years are largely influenced by factors operating at or near the initial test occasion.
Preparing Latinos/as for a Flat World: The Community College Role

Thomas Friedman's 2006 book, The World Is Flat: A Brief History of the Twenty-First Century, has caused both dialogue and controversy. This article explores implications of Friedman's ideas for the education of Latinos/as in American community colleges. A review of current literature addresses Hispanic demographics, workforce projections, the role of community colleges in workforce education, access and success issues, and strategies for serving Latinos/as effectively. Federal, state, and institutional policy changes are proposed.
High-Temporal Resolution Polarimetric X-Band Doppler Radar Observations of the 20 May 2013 Moore, Oklahoma, Tornado

Abstract On 20 May 2013, the cities of Newcastle, Oklahoma City, and Moore, Oklahoma, were impacted by a long-track violent tornado that was rated as an EF5 on the enhanced Fujita scale by the National Weather Service. Despite a relatively sustained long track, damage surveys revealed a number of small-scale damage indicators that hinted at storm-scale processes that occurred over short time periods. The University of Oklahoma (OU) Advanced Radar Research Center’s PX-1000 transportable, polarimetric, X-band weather radar was operating in a single-elevation PPI scanning strategy at the OU Westheimer airport throughout the duration of the tornado, collecting high spatial and temporal resolution polarimetric data every 20 s at ranges as close as 10 km and heights below 500 m AGL. This dataset contains the only known polarimetric radar observations of the Moore tornado at such high temporal resolution, providing the opportunity to analyze and study finescale phenomena occurring on rapid time scales. Analysis ...
The dietary prevention of hepatic coma in eck fistula dogs: Ammonia and the carbohydrate to protein ratio

The conventional animal model of human portal systemic encephalopathy is the dog with Eck fistula. Dogs fed standard dog chow after Eck fistula manifest anorexia, weight loss, hepatic atrophy and encephalopathy. This study was done to determine the natural history of dogs undergoing Eck fistulas when adequate nutrition is maintained with a palatable diet. Twenty-four mongrel dogs were divided into four groups—Eck fistula fed standard dry dog chow (EF-SC) (n equals nine); sham-operated fed standard chow (SO-SC) (n equals five); Eck fistula fed a liquid (Isocal) diet (EF-LD), and sham-operated fed a liquid diet (SO-LD) (n equals five). Dogs were sacrificed when they had clinical signs of encephalopathy or up to 120 days after operation. EF-SC dogs had a daily caloric intake approximately 40 per cent of that of the other groups. Two EF-SC dogs died of sepsis within two weeks of the operation, the other seven became encephalopathic between 46 and 91 days (a mean of 63.6 ± 15.6). On other dogs had signs of neurologic deterioration. EF-SC dogs lost 19 ± 9 per cent body weight and the serum albumin level decreased 14.5 per cent while the other groups maintained body weight and serum albumin levels. Both EF-SC and EF-LD groups had decreased liver weight to body weight ratios (LW × 100/BW) compared with sham-operated upon dogs reflecting hepatic atrophy (1.97 ± 0.7 and 2.2 ± 0.23 versus 3.04 ± 0.85 and 3.48 ± 0.44). Results of histologic examination of the liver revealed hepatocyte atrophy, deglycogenation and lipid accumulation in EF dogs. We conclude from these data that providing dogs with Eck fistula a palatable diet prevents weight loss and malnutrition, but not hepatic atrophy. The lack of neurologic signs in well nourished dogs suggests to us that data concerning hepatic coma from the standard Eck fistula model should be interpreted with extreme caution.
Stress Induced Void Nucleation in Narrow Aluminum Alloy Lines

The stress induced failure of passivated aluminum based metallizations is the combined result of the stress induced void nucleation and growth of voids. The present work investigates the dependence of the void nucleation on aging temperature and cooling rate. Narrow Al, Al(0.2%Cu) and Al(2%Si) lines of different widths were fabricated by lift-off and passivated with various thicknesses of Si 3 N 4 . After a 400°C anneal, the specimens were cooled directly to the selected aging temperature and aged for up to 1100 hours. Void nucleation was found to occur predominantly during the initial cool-down. The rate of nucleation varied in quite different ways with the combination of aging temperature and cooling rate for the different alloys, which is consistent with a grain boundary sliding controlled nucleation mechanism.
Exploratory analysis of cerebral oxygen reserves during sleep onset in older and younger adults.

OBJECTIVES: To explore differences in cerebral oxygen reserves during sleep in old and young adults. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SETTING: General clinical research center. PARTICIPANTS: Nine old (aged 65–84) and 10 young (aged 21–39) adults. MEASUREMENTS: Subjects were monitored during the first nightly sleep cycle using standard polysomnography, including measures of arterial oxyhemoglobin saturation (SaO2). Changes in regional cerebral oxyhemoglobin saturation (rcSO2) were used to estimate cerebral oxygen reserves. General linear models were used to test group differences in the change in SaO2 and rcSO2 during sleep.
Policy misperceptions and support for gun control legislation

Firearms kill more than 30 000 Americans annually.1 Although federal law requires licensed gun dealers to undertake background checks on people who purchase guns, private sales at gun shows and online are exempt from these checks. Universal background checks for gun purchases could substantially reduce the number of gun-related deaths in the USA.2, 3 Despite strong public support for universal background checks (92% of 1446 people polled in one survey),4 Congress has failed to act. Some researchers have argued that this disconnect between public opinion and legislation is attributable to a gap in engagement between supporters and opponents of stronger gun control.5 But could it be that public misperceptions of existing gun control laws also contribute to the absence of public mobilisation for new legislation? To answer this question, we undertook a nationally representative survey through the 2014 Cooperative Congressional Election Study (n=1384). Although the American public supports strong gun control laws, many people erroneously believe that these laws have already been enacted and do not support new legislation. 77% (95% CI 75–79) of Americans favoured universal background checks, yet only 53% (51–56) reported preferring stricter gun control laws. This difference might be attributable to poor awareness of the limitations of existing laws. We found that 41% (38–43) of Americans believed that universal background checks are already required by federal law, whereas 47% (44–50) correctly reported that a federal background check is required only for some gun purchases, and 12% (10–14) believed that no federal background checks are required. Among those people who strongly supported universal background checks, correct information about existing laws predicted support for stricter gun laws. Whereas 74% (95% CI 69–79) of those who incorrectly believed that the USA has universal background checks supported stricter gun laws, 89% (86–92) of those who knew that some gun sales do not require background checks supported stricter laws. We recorded no such relation among those who did not strongly favour universal background checks. We also identified evidence of an engagement gap: among voters who thought gun laws should be less strict than at present, 71% (95% CI 65–78) said they would never vote for a political candidate who did not share their position on gun control, compared with just 34% (30–37) of those who support stricter gun laws. However, the role of policy misperceptions in this domain is not well studied. Public education about the limits of existing laws could be an important way to mobilise support for new legislation... Language: en
The late Pleistocene climates of the Lake Zeribar region (Kurdistan, western Iran) deduced from the ecology and pollen production of nonarboreal vegetation

The concept of an arid pleniglacial in the Middle East depends primarily on the interpretation of pollen diagrams including those of Lake Zeribar in the Zagros Mountains of western Iran. It has been assumed that Lake Zeribar was surrounded by a Chenopodiaceae-Artemisia steppe and that the climate was therefore dry. Both assumptions are questioned. The environment of Pleistocene Lake Zeribar may have been similar to the tragacanthic or alpine zone of the modern Zagros Mountains. The dominance by pollen of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia is explained by low pollen production of high-altitude vegetation, preferential incorporation of pollen of late-blooming plants into the sediments, and high production and long-distance transport of lowland pollen. In any case, high percentages of Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia pollen do not necessarily indicate low annual precipitation but a highly seasonal climate with cold winters and hot, dry summers. Such a climatic regime was in effect continuous except for a period beginning about 10600 B. P. during which summer rainfall or reduced summer drought occurred. This change in seasonality resulted in the dominance of Poaceae pollen and the initial increase in arboreal pollen. A moisture curve based on the ratio between Chenopodiaceae and Artemisia pollen indicates a pleniglacial climate with wet winters and a late-glacial and early-Holocene climate with periods of intense aridity. The climatic history presented here is compatible with non-palynological evidence of regional late Pleistocene climates and with seasonality changes suggested by climatic modelling based on orbital parameters.
Group index in highly compact silicon bends and rings

We discuss a simple method to analyze group index with regard to various cross-sectional dimensions in highly compact (radius ~ 2 microns) silicon-on-insulator bends and rings.
Best Practices in Higher Education Graduate Programs: Preparing the Next Generation of Intercollegiate Athletics Administrators

The commercialization of intercollegiate athletics since the turn of the 21st century has led to an increasingly prevalent view of college athletics as “Big-Time Sport” business enterprises [Bowen, W. G., & Levin, S. A. (2011). Reclaiming the game: College sports and educational values. Princeton, NJ: University Press; Croissant, J. L. (2001). Can this campus be bought? Commercial influence in unfamiliar places. Academe, 87(5), 44–48; Lapchick, R. E. (2006). New game plan for college sport. Westport: Praeger; Sperber, M. (2000). Beer and circus: How big-time college sports has crippled undergraduate education. New York, NY: Macmillan.]. While college athletics often are associated with this big-business mentality in the media, the placement of intercollegiate athletics is fundamentally a functional unit nested within higher education institutions. To this end, the 21st century has marked a significant shift in the preparation patterns of intercollegiate athletic practitioners with programs that take a mo...
Interest Patterns and Product Preferences: An Exploratory Analysis:

An examination of the relationships between selected product preferences and interest patterns showed that people preferring certain products could be accurately characterized in terms of their peo...
Successful intraoperative electrophysiologic monitoring of the recurrent laryngeal nerve, a multidisciplinary approach: The Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary monitoring collaborative protocol with experience in over 3000 cases

Background Although intraoperative nerve monitoring (IONM) is utilized increasingly, the information on the related anesthesia technique is limited. This study presents an up-to-date clinical algorithm, including setup and troubleshooting of an IONM system, endotracheal tube placement, and anesthetic parameters. To our knowledge, this is the first interdisciplinary collaborative protocol for monitored neck surgery based on the published evidence and clinical experience. Methods The Departments of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Anesthesiology, and Audiology collaboratively developed a protocol for IONM of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) based on published evidence and our experience with 3000 patients over a 16-year period. Results No complications related to monitoring or endotracheal tube placement were noted when the IONM protocol was implemented at Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary (MEEI). The IONM protocol has proven to be vital in standardizing care and in avoiding intraoperative errors. Conclusion An IONM system entails an anesthesiologist who understands the challenges posed by this technique; muscle relaxation must be minimized/eliminated to optimize IONM. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Head Neck 38: First–1494, 2016
14 SUBTELOMERIC DNA PROBE ANALYSIS INCREASES DIAGNOSTIC YIELD IN DYSMORPHIC PATIENTS WITH COGNITIVE IMPAIRMENT.

The subtelomeric region of chromosomes has been identified as having a large number of important genes that when deleted are associated with significant impairments. Recent advances in the technology associated with genetic evaluation of subtelomeric regions of chromosomes in patients with dysmorphic features and cognitive impairment have greatly increased the diagnostic yield. Meta-analyses of multiple outcome studies have demonstrated that the increased diagnostic yield of subtelomeric DNA probes approaches 5 to 6%. Thus, the ability to provide an answer to clinicians and families has dramatically improved. This new technology also provides the basis of more precise genetic counseling for future pregnancies. We present four cases in three families of individuals who were recently diagnosed with an abnormal karyotype using subtelomere DNA probes, who in previous evaluations had been diagnosed as an unknown multiple anomaly syndrome with no etiology identified. Previous karyotypes were normal in all cases. Family 1 consists of two siblings with a small unbalanced rearrangement of chromosomes 13 and 18. Both siblings effectively had a partial trisomy of chromosome 13 and monosomy of 18. The older child had rocker-bottom feet, dysmorphic facial features, and autistic behaviors and developmental delays. The newborn sibling has rocker-bottom feet and tetralogy of Fallot. The rearrangements were not identified in routine karyotypes. Parental testing identified one parent as being a balanced carrier. Cases 3 and 4 have deletions of 1p36 and 3q29, respectively. Their cases will be presented.
Implementing MAC Address Processing Unit Used in RPR on FPGAs

RPR Bridge Integrated Circuit(IC) is the key component based on which Resilient Packet Ring tech-nology can be used on optical communication network. MAC address processing function is the absolutely ne-cessary function of Bridge IC.In this paper, the HASH arithmetic used in RPR is analyzed, a method that im-plements MAC address processing unit on FPGA is introduced, and the simulation and verification results are given.
An Analysis of the Fossilized Phenomenon in theDevelopmental Process of Interlanguage

Fossilization in the developmental process of interlanguage is an important subject in the field of second language acquisition. As a unique language system, the interlanguage has its own features and development phases. Many factors involve in the cause of the fossilized phenomenon, but they can be boiled down to internal and external causes. As long as learners can guard against the fossilized phenomenon of the interlanguage, they are bound to be more successful in their second language acquisition.
Integrated Reasoning About Statistical Variation: Secondary Teachers’ Development of Foundational Understandings

This phenomenological study investigates factors identified by secondary statistics teachers as deepening their understandings of statistical variation. Framed by a perspectives framework for reasoning about variation and transformative learning theory, this study identifies factors for teachers who exhibited integrated reasoning about variation within design, data centric, or modeling perspectives or across perspectives. Analysis revealed factors such as engagement in rational discourse and with tasks and activities that attend to fundamental statistical concepts and principles and distinctions among factors within each perspective. This work contributes to understanding circumstances conducive to developing deep understandings of statistical content.
Adenovirus-mediated gene therapy of SOCS-1 protects against acute lung injury

Narasaiah Kolliputi is an assistant professor at the University of South Florida. He graduated from Osmania University, India, where he received doctoral degree in biochemistry. He received his postdoctoral training in MGH at Harvard Medical School. His present work at USF involves elucidating translational strategies to attenuate acute lung injury (ALI) and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). His research is funded by NIH RO1 and American Heart Association Scientist Developmental grants. Narasaiah Kolliputi, Transl Med 2012, 2:3 http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2161-1025.S1.003
Variability of Diabetes Alert Dog Accuracy in a Real-World Setting

Background:Diabetes alert dogs (DADs) are growing in popularity as an alternative method of glucose monitoring for individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). Only a few empirical studies have assessed DAD accuracy, with inconsistent results. The present study examined DAD accuracy and variability in performance in real-world conditions using a convenience sample of owner-report diaries.Method:Eighteen DAD owners (44.4% female; 77.8% youth) with T1D completed diaries of DAD alerts during the first year after placement. Diary entries included daily BG readings and DAD alerts. For each DAD, percentage hits (alert with BG ≤ 5.0 or ≥ 11.1 mmol/L; ≤90 or ≥200 mg/dl), percentage misses (no alert with BG out of range), and percentage false alarms (alert with BG in range) were computed. Sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio (PLR), and true positive rates were also calculated.Results:Overall comparison of DAD Hits to Misses yielded significantly more Hits for both low and high BG. Total sensitivity was 5...
Hemoglobin Determination in Plasma or Serum by First-Derivative Recording Spectrophotometry: Evaluation of the Procedure of Soloni, Cunningham, and Amazon

The authors tested the plasma hemoglobin measurement procedure of Soloni, Cunningham, and Amazon (Am J Clin Pathol 1986;85:342-347), which uses recording derivative spectrophotometry. By this technique, the authors were able to measure plasma or serum hemoglobin down to a level of 10 mg/L (1 mg/dL). The method was found to be quantitative and not affected by bilirubin or lipemia. Methemoglobin did not interfere with the assay. The observed first derivative maxima and minima were reproducible but instrument dependent. The authors applied this technique to the measurement of serum hemoglobin in 100 healthy human subjects. They observed a geometric mean value of 68 mg/L (6.8 mg/dL) with the actual range 21-189 mg/L (2.1-18.9 mg/dL). The authors confirm that this technique is a simple, rapid, and reproducible method for determining plasma or serum hemoglobin.
Book Review of Megan Tompkins-Stange -- Policy Patrons: Philanthropy, Education Reform, and the Politics of Influence

In Policy Patrons: Philanthropy, Education Reform, and the Politics of Influence, Prof. Megan Tompkins-Stange purports to delve into the inner sanctum of four large U.S. foundations – Gates, Broad, Ford, and Kellogg – and then compare her perspectives of the first two with the latter two in how they engage or fail to engage democracy in their respective missions to improve our nation’s education systems and outcomes. Although presenting interesting insights, the book has too many flaws to give in to the natural temptation to equate its timely topical focus with meaningful critique, much less to extrapolate to policy debates more broadly. The book’s portrayals, conclusions, and even its structure unduly disparage the democratic participation that actually occurred in so-called “top down” approaches while simultaneously overstating the democratic sensibilities of “grassroots” approaches. Even so, the book presents entertaining and even useful insights into the workings of these foundations in one particular program area over a particular course of time. Reading more into the book overstates its significance for foundation engagement in education policy or more broadly, regardless of who would have won the election.
Biocultural Stewardship as an Idea in Urban Contexts: Language, Academic Disciplinarity, Positionality, Environmental/Sustainability Sciences, and Healing

Individual, cultural, and Place-based positionality are important elements when thinking about partnership and the environment, particularly including erasures of Indigenous and other marginalized lenses. Language barriers and exclusion of culture that stem from the Western need for scientific validity, and predominance of this framing within environmental sciences, surface as a main limitation to building relationships, communicating across disciplines, and working beyond institutions. What does the Western scientific imagination lack that might lend a lens on different relationships to Place and on decision-making tools that inform our care of it? Biocultural stewardship of public spaces using an intermingling of ecological and cultural story-telling as a glue could drive a process of Place-making that offers alternative lenses to partnership and the environment. Sustainability, agency, and knowledge production could take on different forms if we leave space for cultural lenses and healing in our partnerships with the environment. Urban areas in particular mark spaces where many cultural traditions are coming together in unique but often underutilized contexts to offer potential knowledge to novel human-environment partnerships. This article draws on framing within the history of science and Indigenous philosophy, to see how broadly but intentionally including different cultural ways of knowing in particularized academic disciplines—especially in environmental sciences—might shed light on relationships of responsibility and stewardship to the land.
Gender Views and Relationships in Families of Children With Craniofacial Differences.

Objective:Gender values and beliefs are known to influence family functioning. The aim of the current study was to describe the association between views about gender and family functioning within families with a child with a craniofacial difference (CFD).Design:Participants included 74 dyads composed of children (8-18 years old) with CFD (n = 36 female), including cleft lip/palate, and a parent (n = 56 female). Children and caregivers both completed the activities subscale of the Occupations, Activities, and Traits–Attitudes Measure (C/OAT-AM). Children completed selected items from the Parent Perception Inventory (PPI). Caregivers completed the nurturance subscale of the Parenting Dimensions Inventory–Short Form (PDI-S) and the Parenting Stress Scale (PSS). Setting: Participants were recruited from an outpatient program at an academic medical center.Results:There were no significant relationships among the participant demographics and the study variables, with the exception that more complex CFD diagnos...
Assessing the impact of the compliance rate and daytime running lights penetration on the safety effectiveness of regulatory headlight use signs

While Daytime Running Lights (DRLs) are proven to increase vehicle conspicuity during various times of the day, their safety effectiveness is still debatable. This study utilized various statistical techniques and a field study to assess the impact of the compliance rate, and the penetration of the Daytime Running Lights (DRLs) technology on the safety efficacy of regulatory headlight use signs. Daytime head-on and opposite sideswipe multivehicle crashes for Daytime Running Lights and non-DRLs equipped passenger vehicles on mountainous rural two-way highway sections with and without regulatory headlight use signs were examined in a matched case control design. Preliminary analysis showed that only 23% of vehicles involved in crashes on the study sections were equipped with DRLs. Although results from the odds ratios and ratios of odds ratios indicated some safety benefits of the headlight use signs, the safety benefits were statistically insignificant. The study concluded that the low compliance rate of 12% affected the safety effectiveness of the regulatory headlight signs. Transportation agencies should have different considerations when evaluating the safety effectiveness of compliance- and behavioral-based countermeasures.
The Valuation of Tips with an Analytical Two-Factor Cox-Ingersoll-Ross Term Structure Model with Correlated Factors

In this paper, we study Treasury Inflation Protection Securities (TIPS) with an analytical two-factor Cox-Ingersoll-Ross (CIR) model with correlated real rate and inflation. The analytical formula facilitates the estimation of the model parameters and improves the accuracy of the valuation of TIPS, and especially enables us to estimate the inflation risk premium from bond prices. We use the two-factor model to evaluate the inflation-index bonds and study the relationship between the real rate and the expected inflation rate implied in nominal CMT rates for the period of January 1999 through December 2003. We use the Unscented Kalman Filter (UKF) to estimate the model and the inflation risk premium. Our results indicate that the expected inflation rate is quite stable, especially for the long-term bond. The average inflation risk premia range from 0.07 to 99.65 basis points for different maturity bonds.
Impulsive loading using sprayed silver acetylide-silver nitrate: Results of exploratory study of procedures for production, application, thickness measurement, detonation and pulse-shape modification of material are presented by the authors

The use of spray-deposited silver acetylide-silver nitrate explosive as a means of producing impulive loadings on structural elements has been investigated. Presented are results of an exploratory study of procedures for production, application, thickness measurement, detonation and pulse-shape modification of this material. This technique appears to be a simple, inexpensive, flexible and safe approach to the production of relatively low-level (in the order of 4–50 psi-msec) and short-duration (in the order of a few microseconds) distributed impulsive loadings.
Embedding the diamond graph in Lp and dimension reduction in L1

We show that any embedding of the level k diamond graph of Newman and Rabinovich [NR] into L p , 1 < p ≤ 2, requires distortion at least $$ \sqrt{k(p-1) + 1} $$ . An immediate corollary is that there exist arbitrarily large n-point sets $$ X \subseteq L_1 $$ such that any D-embedding of X into $$ \ell^d_1 $$ requires $$ d \geq n^{\Omega(1/D^2)} $$ . This gives a simple proof of a recent result of Brinkman and Charikar [BrC] which settles the long standing question of whether there is an L 1 analogue of the Johnson-Lindenstrauss dimension reduction lemma [JL].
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing, Impedance Cardiography, and Reclassification of Risk in Patients Referred for Heart Failure Evaluation.

ABSTRACT Background An impaired cardiac output response to exercise is a hallmark of chronic heart failure (HF). We determined the extent to which impedance cardiography (ICG) during exercise in combination with cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) responses reclassified risk for adverse events in patients with HF. Methods and Results CPX and ICG were performed in 1236 consecutive patients (48±15 years) evaluated for HF. Clinical, ICG and CPX variables were acquired at baseline and subjects were followed for the composite outcome of cardiac-related death, hospitalization for worsening HF, cardiac transplantation, and left ventricular assist device implantation. Cox proportional hazards analyses including clinical, noninvasive hemodynamic, and CPX variables were performed to determine their association with the composite endpoint. Net reclassification improvement (NRI) was calculated to quantify the impact of adding hemodynamic responses to a model including established CPX risk markers on reclassifying risk. There were 422 events. Among CPX variables, peak VO2 and indices of ventilatory inefficiency (VE/VCO2 slope, oxygen uptake efficiency slope) were significant predictors of risk for adverse events. Among hemodynamic variables, change in cardiac index, peak cardiac time interval, and peak left cardiac work index were the strongest predictors of risk. Having 5 impaired CPX and ICG responses to exercise yielded a sevenfold higher risk for adverse events compared with having no abnormal responses. Combining ICG responses to CPX resulted in NRIs ranging between 0.34 and 0.89, attributable to better reclassification of events. Conclusion Cardiac hemodynamics determined by ICG complement established CPX measures in reclassifying risk among patients with HF.
Expansions for an Elliptic Orbit

We have studied motion in an elliptic orbit under the inverse square law of attraction to a center. Among the formulas we derived in §111.3 and (196) were these:
Urbanization beyond the Metropolis: Planning for a Large Number of Small Places in the Global South:

How are urban population and its growth distributed across urban settlements of different sizes? In the Global South, this is a critical planning question, yet its answer is muddled by contradictor...
Follow the money. On the situation of disability rights in the United States

The first months of the COVID-19 pandemic have confronted the disability community with profound challenges Thirty years after the Americans with Disabilities Act was signed, Americans with disabilities have achieved extraordinary gains in reducing prejudices and acquiring broad public visibility and respect;these gains were evident in activists' early success in formally securing rights to equitable medical treatment Yet, faced with the task of safeguarding funding for Medicaid - which sustains the home health aides and much of the communal programming that facilitate self-determined lives for individuals with physical and/ or intellectual disabilities - advocates are now in a very challenging situation © Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht GmbH & Co KG, Gottingen 2020