cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Preventing Medical Errors by Designing Benign Failures

Article-at-a-Glance Background One way to successfully reduce medical errors is to design health care systems that are more resistant to the tendencies of human beings to err. One interdisciplinary approach entails creating design changes, mitigating human errors, and making human error irrelevant to outcomes. This approach is intended to facilitate the creation of benign failures, which have been called mistake-proofing devices and forcing functions elsewhere. Using fault trees to design forcing functions A fault tree is a graphical tool used to understand the relationships that either directly cause or contribute to the cause of a particular failure. A careful analysis of a fault tree enables the analyst to anticipate how the process will behave after the change. Example of an application A scenario in which a patient is scalded while bathing can serve as an example of how multiple fault trees can be used to design forcing functions. The first fault tree shows the undesirable event—patient scalded while bathing. The second fault tree has a benign event—no water. Adding a scald valve changes the outcome from the undesirable event ("patient scalded while bathing") to the benign event ("no water") Limitations Analysis of fault trees does not ensure or guarantee that changes necessary to eliminate error actually occur. Most mistake-proofing is used to prevent simple errors and to create well-defended processes, but complex errors can also result. Conclusions The utilization of mistake-proofing or forcing functions can be thought of as changing the logic of a process. Errors that formerly caused undesirable failures can be converted into the causes of benign failures. The use of fault trees can provide a variety of insights into the design of forcing functions that will improve patient safety.
Receptor binding assay for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins: optimization and interlaboratory comparison.

A receptor binding assay (RBA) for detection of paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP) toxins was formatted for use in a high throughput detection system using microplate scintillation counting. The RBA technology was transferred from the National Ocean Service, which uses a Wallac TriLux 1450 MicroBeta microplate scintillation counter, to the California Department of Health Services, which uses a Packard TopCount scintillation counter. Due to differences in the detector arrangement between these 2 counters, markedly different counting efficiencies were exhibited, requiring optimization of the RBA protocol for the TopCount instrument. Precision, accuracy, and sensitivity [limit of detection = 0.2 microg saxitoxin (STX) equiv/100 g shellfish tissue] of the modified protocol were equivalent to those of the original protocol. The RBA robustness and adaptability were demonstrated by an interlaboratory study, in which STX concentrations in shellfish generated by the TopCount were consistent with MicroBeta-derived values. Comparison of STX reference standards obtained from the U.S. Food and Drug Administration and the National Research Council, Canada, showed no observable differences. This study confirms the RBA's value as a rapid, high throughput screen prior to testing by the conventional mouse bioassay (MBA) and its suitability for providing an early warning of increasing PSP toxicity when toxin levels are below the MBA limit of detection.
Distributed zonal statistics of big raster and vector data

The recent advances in remote sensing technology resulted in peta bytes of data in raster format. To process this data, it is often combined with high resolution vector data that represents, for example, region boundaries. One of the common operations that combine big vector and raster data is the zonal statistics which computes some aggregate values for each polygon in the vector dataset. This paper proposes a novel and scalable algorithm for zonal statistics that can scale to peta bytes of raster and vector data. The proposed method does not require any preprocessing or indexing making it perfect for ad-hoc queries that scientists usually want to run. We implement a prototype for the proposed method and the initial preliminary results show that the proposed method can scale up-to a trillion pixels.
Differential Absorption Radar at 170 GHz for Atmospheric Boundary Layer Water Vapor Profiling

We are developing a frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar between 167 and 174.8 GHz to measure differential absorption due to water vapor within the atmospheric boundary layer. In this work, we report on single-frequency measurements performed within this band in the presence of precipitating clouds. Despite the relatively low transmit power of 6-10 dBm, the high transmit/receive isolation and low noise figure of the system enables detection of radar echos from rain or clouds with high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) out to about one kilometer. This work builds on technology developed and measurements performed in our group in the 183.5 to 193 GHz band, which is subject to transmission restrictions due to passive remote sensing platforms that rely on those frequencies.
Evolving Cyberspace: The Marriage of 5G and the Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies

Recent technological developments have seen the emergence of two new technologies with the potential to drastically change the way we have viewed and used cyberspace. With the phenomenal development and growth of the fifth generation (5G), a technology that is greatly increasing the speed and responsiveness of wireless networks, and the Internet of Things (IoT), a technology that allowed a high degree of network connectivity where any connected device can talk to each other by sending and receiving data, a new dawn in a remarkable cyberspace was born. Noting that wireless networks are a core component of cyberspace, 5G technology inevitably becomes a fundamental outlier of cyberspace. Also noting that wireless devices form the bulk of the outliers of cyberspace; hence, the many devices that form the Internet of things (IoT), a new marriage between 5G and IoT was inevitable. The resulting environment is the new frontier of cyberspace wherein miniature devices including bread toasters are talking smartphones as the house fridge talks to the garage door opener. It is a wild west and a social, ethical, and security quagmire. All this mayhem is a result of our total dependence on technology, now creeping ever closer into our living and bedrooms. The home front, as the last frontier of defenses, is now the security war front, brought home by the 5G and IoT technologies. In this chapter, we are going to explore these technologies, highlight the problematic issues, comment on the ethical implications, and outline the latest security tools and best practices.
Screening for Elevated Blood Lead Levels in Children and Pregnant Women: US Preventive Services Task Force Recommendation Statement.

Importance Elevated blood lead levels in children are associated with neurologic effects such as behavioral and learning problems, lower IQ, hyperactivity, hearing problems, and impaired growth. In pregnant women, lead exposure can impair organ systems such as the hematopoietic, hepatic, renal, and nervous systems, and increase the risk of preeclampsia and adverse perinatal outcomes. Many of the adverse health effects of lead exposure are irreversible. Objective To update the 2006 US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) recommendation on screening for elevated blood lead levels in children and pregnant women. Evidence Review The USPSTF reviewed the evidence on the benefits and harms of screening for and treatment of elevated blood lead levels. In this update, an elevated blood lead level was defined according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention reference level of 5 μg/dL. Findings The USPSTF found adequate evidence that questionnaires and other clinical prediction tools to identify asymptomatic children with elevated blood lead levels are inaccurate. The USPSTF found adequate evidence that capillary blood testing accurately identifies children with elevated blood lead levels. The USPSTF found inadequate evidence on the effectiveness of treatment of elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic children 5 years and younger and in pregnant women. The USPSTF found inadequate evidence regarding the accuracy of questionnaires and other clinical prediction tools to identify asymptomatic pregnant women with elevated blood lead levels. The USPSTF found inadequate evidence on the harms of screening for or treatment of elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic children and pregnant women. The USPSTF concluded that the current evidence is insufficient, and that the balance of benefits and harms of screening for elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic children 5 years and younger and in pregnant women cannot be determined. Conclusions and Recommendation The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic children. (I statement) The USPSTF concludes that the current evidence is insufficient to assess the balance of benefits and harms of screening for elevated blood lead levels in asymptomatic pregnant persons. (I statement)
Emotional Competence During Childhood and Adolescence

Through childhood and adolescence, youngsters are learning how to express and regulate their myriad feelings and understand the emotions of self and others. They are acquiring emotional competence. Specifically, emotional competence is the ability to purposefully and fully experience and express a variety of emotions, regulate emotional expressiveness and experience when necessary, and understand the emotions of self and others. These skills, as they develop through childhood and adolescence, support successful resolution of developmental tasks centering upon social and academic success. Based on the nature and importance of children’s and youth’s emotional competence, this chapter’s structure is as follows. First, each component of emotional competence is discussed in turn; for each, its nature and development during each age period are discussed. Second, within each component and at each age level, evidence of relations with social competence (or lack of social competence as evidenced in behavior problems) and school success (where available) are detailed. Third, components of emotional competence also may work synergistically together to promote positive outcomes; this possibility is discussed next. Fourth, others’ promotion of these competencies will be considered. Parents’ and friends’ contributions to the development of emotional competence are discussed, along with the small literature on teachers’ socialization of emotional competence. Finally, conclusions and calls for future work sum up findings and issues put forward in the chapter.
Uniform Circular Array Factor Techniques to Optimize Orbital Angular Momentum Modes Designed with Dipole Antennas at E-band

This paper demonstrates how uniform circular antenna array (UCA) factor and MATLAB® can be combined to study the number of elements required to generate a mode for orbital angular momentum (OAM). The MATBLAB® simulation shows how many elements should be used to generate the radiation pattern without having to design the structures in an electromagnetic simulator first. The capability is demonstrated with an antenna array formed by 8 dipoles designed and fabricated on a 0.127 mm-thick FR4 laminate substrate, with a relative permittivity of 3.65 and loss tangent of 0.013. To improve the overall gain a backside planar reflector is realized by a 0.64 mm thick Rogers RT/duroid 5880. We illustrate that the reflector position will not affect the total OAM mode in the forward direction and only impacts radiation gain. ANSYS HFSS is used to optimize the array, reflector position and feeding network design. The results include simulation and measured far-field radiation patterns, and phase distributions at 73 GHz. The reflector provides 2.2 dB improvement in gain compared to a design without one. The measured radiation pattern is directed in only one hemisphere and agrees with the simulation.
Developing Law and Governance Strategies for Peri-urban Sustainability

Western Sydney is a peri-urban region of Greater Sydney in the state of New South Wales, Australia lying within the Hawkesbury Nepean catchment. This catchment has high environmental, cultural and social significance providing vital ecosystem services such as drinking water, food, fibre, nutrient and water cycling, fauna habitat and cultural diversity. The economic value generated from these services includes $1 billion per annum in agriculture and over $6 million a year in commercial fishing. Western Sydney continues to experience ongoing environmental degradation and water shortages as a result of urban development, population demand and climate change. Land use conflicts, climate change predictions and competition for scarce water resources has placed water and food security as high priority issues, as in many other peri-urban regions across the globe. New law and governance strategies are required for peri-urban regions to harmonise the co-existence of agriculture, urban and other land uses. This paper presents a range of methods developed via a case study in Western Sydney (from 2007 to 2010) to facilitate new law and governance strategies for better legal and institutional protection of peri-urban food security and sustainable production.
Fludarabine/Busulfan Conditioning-Based Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation for Myelofibrosis: Role of Ruxolitinib in Improving Survival Outcomes

ABSTRACT Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is the only curative treatment modality for primary myelofibrosis (MF) and related myeloproliferative neoplasms. Older age at diagnosis and age-related comorbidities make most patients ineligible for allo-HCT, given concerns for nonrelapse mortality (NRM). Here we report the outcomes of 37 consecutive recipients of allo-HCT for MF performed at a single center between 2009 and 2018 with a standardized institutional protocol. Most patients received ruxolitinib before HCT (n = 32), and those with splenomegaly >22 cm received pretransplantation splenic irradiation. The median age at HCT was 60 years (range, 40 to 74 years), and 68% of the cohort carried a JAK2 driver mutation. All patients received fludarabine/busulfan-based conditioning; 22 patients (59%) received a reduced-intensity conditioning regimen. All patients received peripheral blood grafts, from a matched sibling donor in 16 patients (43%), an unrelated donor in 20 patients, and a haploidentical-related donor in 1 patient. Sixty-one percent had a Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Comorbidity Index ≥3, 40% had a Karnofsky Performance Status score
Properties of the Conditional Mean Estimator in Poisson Noise

This paper considers estimation of a random variable in Poisson noise. Specifically, the paper focuses on properties of the conditional mean estimator as a function of the scaling coefficient, the dark current parameter, the distribution of the input random variable and channel realizations.With respect to the scaling coefficient and the dark current, several identities in terms of derivatives are established. For example, it is shown that the derivative of the conditional mean estimator with respect to the dark current parameter is proportional to the conditional variance. Moreover, a version of score function is proposed and a Tweedy-like formula for the conditional expectation is recovered.With respect to the distribution, several regularity conditions are shown. For instance, it is shown that the conditional mean estimator uniquely determines the input distribution. Moreover, it is shown that if the conditional expectation is close to a linear function in the mean squared error, then the input distribution is approximately gamma in the Levy metric.
The Effect of Large Corporate Donors on Non-profit Performance

Using a dataset of corporate philanthropic gifts of $1 million or more, we examine the influence of corporate donors on the performance of recipient non-profit organizations (NPOs). We find that corporate donors positively influence NPO performance, specifically in the form of higher revenues per employee, program ratios, and fundraising returns. We find little evidence that large foundation or individual donors similarly enhance organizational performance. In additional analysis, we find that large corporate donations matter when the corporation is more likely to have influence over the recipient NPO. These findings suggest that corporate donors provide the monitoring and expertise needed to enhance organizational performance beyond simply providing funding to NPOs. Our results are robust to a two-stage model and propensity score matching to address endogeneity concerns. While prior research has examined the effect of corporate philanthropy on donor organization performance, we contribute to the literature by examining whether corporate philanthropy also improves recipient organization performance.
Direct lagrange multiplier updates in topology optimization revisited

In topology optimization, the bisection method is typically used for computing the Lagrange multiplier associated with a constraint. While this method is simple to implement, it leads to oscillations in the objective and could possibly result in constraint failure if proper scaling is not applied. In this paper, we revisit an alternate and direct method to overcome these limitations. The direct method of Lagrange multiplier computation was popular in the 1970s and 1980s but was later replaced by the simpler bisection method. In this paper, we show that the direct method can be generalized to a variety of linear and nonlinear constraints. Then, through a series of benchmark problems, we demonstrate several advantages of the direct method over the bisection method including (1) fewer and faster update iterations, (2) smoother and robust convergence, and (3) insensitivity to material and force parameters. Finally, to illustrate the implementation of the direct method, drop-in replacements to the bisection method are provided for popular Matlab-based topology optimization codes.
Letter: On the Indication from Pioneer 10/11 Data of an Apparent Anomalous, Weak, Long-Range Acceleration

Hubble's law, which states a linear increase in velocities with distances, can physically be understood in terms of an acceleration cH. This work proposes a connection between this “universal” acceleration seen in the solar system and the anomalous acceleration acting on the Pioneer 10/11 spacecraft, in which the Hubble constant inferred from Pioneer 10/11 data is ∼ 87 km/s/Mpc. Its physical implication is discussed in relation with Mach's principle.
Criteria-Based Randomization: Explicit and Exact Control in Multi-Arm Trials

This paper introduces criteria-based randomization (CBR), a simple framework for controlling randomized trials. CBR uses only intervention assignments that the analyst believes will generate data useful for obtaining defensible causal estimates. In the multi-arm setting, CBR can create many groups which have equivalent pre-intervention covariate distributions. In this paper we compare CBR to several other multi-arm methods in the 4-arm and 12-arm setting. We assess the relative performance of the methods based on covariance balance as well as runtime and the mean squared error of estimators of the treatment effect. Further, we also show how CBR can be used in novel ways - creating intentionally imbalanced-designs so as to better assess components of a hypothesis. The CBR framework develops from previous work on tightening of trials in Tukey (1993) and Moulton (2004). CBR is also closely related to rerandomization (Morgan, Rubin, et al., 2012) but departs from rerandomization in scientifically important ways.
Effect of Cushion Placed on Wooden Pallets

Wooden pallets are commonly dropped vertically and hit horizontally during distribution. To reduce the impact, it seems logical to place cushioning materials on a pallet. In this study an anti-vibration pad was used in free-fall vertical drop tests and horizontal impact tests of softwood pallets. Results indicate that placing cushioning materials on a pallet does in fact increase impact acceleration significantly due to the uneven surface of the top board of the pallet in the free-fall drop case and due to the additional friction force from the cushioning materials in the horizontal impact case. Thus, placing cushioning materials on wooden pallets is not recommended.
Principles of Database Query Processing for Advanced Applications

1. Introduction to Relational Query Processing 2. Query Processing In Object-Oriented Database Systems 3. Query Processing in Distributed Relational Database Systems 4. Query Processing in Multidabase Systems 5. Parallel Processing of Relational Queries 6. Processing Fuzzy Relational Queries 7. Query Processing in Deductive Database Systems 8. Multidimensional Search Structures 9. Text Retrieval 10. Text Clustering and Clustered Search 11. Image and Video Retrieval
Chapter 10 Cytochrome P450 Enzymes: Computational Approaches to Substrate Prediction

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the P450 structural information gleaned over the last 20 years from crystallography and homology modeling, structure-based approaches predating structural information, and new approaches to P450 metabolite prediction. The studies that have been conducted of in silico screening of compounds against P450 enzymes have employed pharmacophore and 3D-QSAR methods. The majority of docking algorithms in use today target single enzyme active sites instead of an ensemble. These enzymes are also considered as rigid to allow for quick screening of thousands of compounds. After pharmacophore modeling, molecular dynamics methods are most often employed in predicting P450 metabolism. While this method has the advantages of using an ensemble of structures, the ability to reproduce protein flexibility, and quantify reactive geometries necessary for oxidation, compared to geometries resulting in uncoupled or inactive orientations, it is extremely time consuming.
Comment on ‘CD34+ selected hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) not preceded by any immunosuppressive therapy as effective treatment of graft failure’ – G Milone et al

Comment on ‘CD34+ selected hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) not preceded by any immunosuppressive therapy as effective treatment of graft failure’ – G Milone et al
Hilary Poriss, Changing the Score: Arias, Prima Donnas, and the Authority of Performance

Recently, scholars have begun to embrace the messy realities of opera performance; studies of substitutions, cuts, alterations, and re-stagings have questioned the idea of a fixed operatic “work.” ...
New Careers in Nursing Scholar Alumni: Options in the Early Career Years

The New Careers in Nursing (NCIN) Alumni Survey was designed to advance knowledge in the field of nursing education by looking at post-degree experiences of NCIN scholarship recipients, such as employment and graduate degree attainment. The NCIN Alumni Study also focused on the reflections of NCIN scholars who have graduated and moved into the field, on their satisfaction with various aspects of NCIN and their academic programs, and on how these programmatic aspects have influenced their postdegree experiences.
Certification of NIST SRM 2569 Lead Paint Films for Children's Products

SRM 2569 Lead Paint Films for Children's Products is a new Standard Reference Material (SRM) developed for use primarily with X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (XRF) instrumentation. It consists of three paint coatings, with nominally 0, 90, and 300 mg/kg of Pb added, on polyester substrates. The levels of Pb are appropriate for use when validating test methods intended for testing product compliance with the Consumer Product Safety Improvement Act. The Pb mass fraction, mass Pb per unit area, paint density, and paint thickness are all characterized to make these materials useful to users of different XRF instrumentation. These parameters are consistent with one another and can be used to demonstrate mathematical conversions between units of mass fraction and mass per unit area. The assigned values for these parameters were obtained through direct determinations using instrumental methods and via calculations using measured values for paint ingredients, paint composition, and physical properties. The paints are highly homogeneous among units, although within units, some localized areas enriched in Pb can be observed using microbeam XRF instrumentation. For this reason, SRM 2569 is not recommended for use with measured areas smaller than 1 mm diameter. The development of SRM 2569 is a good case study for the use of multiple, interrelated parameters and test methods to demonstrate the comparability of values derived from a variety of measurement processes. Published 2012. This article is a US Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
HOSPITAL COSTS FOR PEDIATRIC HEART SURGERY VARY WIDELY ACROSS INSTITUTIONS

Prior studies of hospital costs for pediatric heart surgery relied on administrative data. Linkage with clinical data allows more detailed case ascertainment, risk adjustment, and assessment of complications and outcomes; and may improve our understanding of variation in resource utilization and
Atmospheric water vapor measurement by Raman Lidar

Abstract Measurements of atmospheric water vapor using the Raman backscatter from a pulsed laser were directly compared with measurements from meteorological instruments located on a tower. The experimental conditions and precautions required in making these observations in the atmosphere are discussed. The results indicate that water vapor profile measurement to a range of approximately 4 km is feasible with the lidar used in this experiment.
Electroconvulsive shock elicits wet-dog shakes and face washing in preweaning rats ☆

Abstract During the description of the ontogeny of electroshock seizures in rats, electroshock intensities from 5 to 500 mA were used and rats were tested at 17 ages between 1 and 21 days and at 30 and 60 days of age. Wet-dog shakes (WDS) and face washing grooming movements (FW) were observed following electroconvulsive shock (ECS) in preweaning but not in 30- or 60-day-old rats. Both behaviors appeared during postseizure depression with predictable post-shock latencies which decreased progressively with increasing age. WDS typically followed clonic convulsions. During their period of peak occurrence, 8 through 13 days of age, 30 to 60% of rats that exhibited clonus also showed a WDS, with a mean post-shock latency of 30–33 sec. The ages of peak occurrence of ECS-induced WDS were similar to the ages of peak incidence of head-shaking or tremoring induced by cholinergic or catecholaminergic drugs, as described previously. The mean stimulus for elicitation of WDS, approximately 400 mA during the first postnatal week, declined to approximately 30 mA during the third week. FW typically followed tonic convulsions. During their period of peak occurrence, 12 through 17 days of age, 50 to 75% of rats that exhibited a tonic seizure without hindlimb extension also showed FW, with a mean post-shock latency of 25–32 sec. The mean stimulus for elicitation of FW was also approximately 400 mA during the first postnatal week and declined with development but remained above intensities eliciting WDS. WDS and grooming have been associated with the actions of opiates, endogenous opioid peptides and related compounds. In our study these behaviors followed ECS at a time coincident with a previous description of post-ECS release of endogenous opioids in adult rats. Additional behaviors related to the effects of endogenous opioids and which follow electroconvulsive shock are also described. The present observations may be explained by release of endogenous opioids and related peptides by ECS either during seizures or during postseizure depression and perhaps by activation of developing cholinergic and monoaminergic systems.
Strand-specific RNA-seq reveals ordered patterns of sense and antisense transcription in Bacillus anthracis.

Background Although genome-wide transcriptional analysis has been used for many years to study bacterial gene expression, many aspects of the bacterial transcriptome remain undefined. One example is antisense transcription, which has been observed in a number of bacteria, though the function of antisense transcripts, and their distribution across the bacterial genome, is still unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings Single-stranded RNA-seq results revealed a widespread and non-random pattern of antisense transcription covering more than two thirds of the B. anthracis genome. Our analysis revealed a variety of antisense structural patterns, suggesting multiple mechanisms of antisense transcription. The data revealed several instances of sense and antisense expression changes in different growth conditions, suggesting that antisense transcription may play a role in the ways in which B. anthracis responds to its environment. Significantly, genome-wide antisense expression occurred at consistently higher levels on the lagging strand, while the leading strand showed very little antisense activity. Intrasample gene expression comparisons revealed a gene dosage effect in all growth conditions, where genes farthest from the origin showed the lowest overall range of expression for both sense and antisense directed transcription. Additionally, transcription from both strands was verified using a novel strand-specific assay. The variety of structural patterns we observed in antisense transcription suggests multiple mechanisms for this phenomenon, suggesting that some antisense transcription may play a role in regulating the expression of key genes, while some may be due to chromosome replication dynamics and transcriptional noise. Conclusions/Significance Although the variety of structural patterns we observed in antisense transcription suggest multiple mechanisms for antisense expression, our data also clearly indicate that antisense transcription may play a genome-wide role in regulating the expression of key genes in Bacillus species. This study illustrates the surprising complexity of prokaryotic RNA abundance for both strands of a bacterial chromosome.
(5,11,17,23-Tetra-tert-butyl-26,28-di­hydroxy­calix­[4]­arene-25,27-dioxy)­di­acetic acid N,N-di­methyl­form­amide trisolvate

The title compound, C48H60O8·3C3H7NO, is a derivative of calix­[4]­arene in the cone conformation, modified with distal carboxylic acid functional groups at the lower rim. A clathrate di­methyl­form­amide (DMF) mol­ecule is located within the calix­[4]­arene cone, and two DMF solvate mol­ecules participate in hydrogen bonding with the carboxylic acid groups. Intramolecular hydrogen bonds are also formed between the OH groups and the adjacent ether groups in the partially substituted calix­[4]­arene.
The Bem Sex-Role Inventory: Use with Caution If at All

Summary.-A critical evaluation is made of the measure of psychological androgyny (difference. scores) derived from the Bem Sex-role Inventory. On the basis of this evaluation and an illustration of the shortcomings of this measure, it is recommended that the inventory not be used as a measure of androgyny. The claimed (Bern, 1974) advantage of the Bem Sex-role Inventory over the typical MF scale, which locates a subject on one continuum extending from Masculine (M) to Feminine (F), is that one can sex-type a person as feminine. as masculine, or as androgynous to the extent that the difference score between two independent measures (F minus M) is large and positive, large and negative. or small. The androgyny typology is an indication thai a subject is similarly high, average, or low on both I:
Postcard From the German Democratic Republic A View of the Domestic Realm

The domestic interior acts as a gauge of the culture in which one lives and the objects with which one identifies. This article examines the influence of politics and economics in the design of domestic products for the home in the German Democratic Republic (GDR). The political ideals of socialism established in the GDR under Soviet control after World War II reached the larger urban realm through monuments and buildings but also materialized in the production of goods for the domestic interior. The development of mass production technologies for products such as furniture and dishware allowed for the same products to be available to all consumers to form one economic class. The role of mass production bridged the political ideals of socialism to the physical manifestation of domestic products. At present, we can look at furniture companies such as IKEA and see a similar homogenization of interiors.
Acid-catalyzed photoaromatization of poly(cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol) derivatives into polyphenylene

Substituted poly(cyclohexene)s, used as poly(phenylene) precursors, have been prepared by radical polymerization of cyclohexadiene-1,2-diol derivatives containing various leaving groups. The precursors were converted into poly(phenylene) either by curing at elevated temperatures or by deep-UV exposure in the presence of a photoacid generator. These reactions were investigated by both IR and UV analysis. Our results with the conversion of precursors into poly(phenylene) via photoaromatization suggest that polyphenylene precursors can be imaged by deep-UV microlithography (as a new class of photoimageable thermally stable polymers).
HOT-ATOM AND THERMAL REACTIONS OF FISSION-PRODUCT RUTHENIUM IN ORGANIC SOLVENTS

Abstract When ruthenium-103 atoms are introduced into organic solvents via fission-recoil and β-decay (of precursors of mass 103) in certain cases small yields of volatile, ruthenium-labelled organic molecules are obtained. However, when the solvent is monomeric cyclopentadiene, a thermal reaction transforms virtually all of the ruthenium into the “sandwich” compound ruthenocene. When separated fission product 106 RuCl 3 is mixed with cyclopentadiene in a test-tube, labelled carrier-free ruthenocene is also obtained by what seems to be the same thermal reaction.
Ruptured hepatic artery aneurysm and coronary artery aneurysms with myocardial infarction in a 14-year-old boy: New manifestations of mucocutaneous lymph node syndrome

cat ion recognized to date in a pa t ient with hemophi l ia A who is "pro tec ted" by an inhibitor . Whe t he r Factor IX concentrate, the antifibrinolytic therapy, or the combination was responsible for this compl icat ion in our pat ient remains inconclusive. Fibr inolyt ic inhibi tors have been effectively used in combina t ion with an act ivated Factor IX concentrate,: ' bu t their use with a Fac tor IX preparation should be circumspect because of the risk of thrombosis.
Benefit of Heart Rate Reduction in Heart Failure

Epidemiological studies have suggested that life expectancy is inversely related to resting heart rate and that the risks of development of heart failure and sudden cardiac death strongly increase with higher resting heart rates [1]. After myocardial infarction, the reduction in mortality with β-blocker treatment was correlated with the extent of heart rate reduction, and in patients with heart failure, a drug-induced increase or decrease in heart rate has been associated with an increase or decrease in mortality, respectively [2, 3]. The prognostic relevance of heart rate in patients with coronary artery disease and reduced ejection fraction recently has been demonstrated in the placebo arm of the prospective BEAUTIFUL (morBidity-mortality EvAlUaTion of the If inhibitor ivabradine in patients with coronary disease and left ventricULar dysfunction) study. The BEAUTIFUL study included patients with coronary artery disease and a left ventricular ejection fraction of less than 40%. When patients with heart rates below and above 70 beats per minute were compared, cardiovascular death and heart failure hospitalization were significantly higher in the group of patients with higher heart rates [4].
The Relation of the University to the Medical School.

The American people are universally distinguished for their business ability and business successes. We live, however, in a world of universal compensations and retributions. If we have an enormous business talent which has won for us a name in the field of trade and commerce, we tend to draw into this province all our other interests. The pulpit and the press are not infrequently denounced as organs of syndicated wealth. In this very city of Chicago, the colleges and universities of the country have recently been declared worthless by a multimillionaire citizen because their graduates have not been trained in the ways of money making. And if in this presence I do not say that the medical profession has been commercialized I do not hesitate to assert that many medical schools and colleges have been established for the pecuniary benefit of their promoters, with the result that we now
Population structure of red porgy, Pagrus pagrus, in the Atlantic Ocean

The red porgy, Pagrus pagrus (L.), is a protogynous sparid associated with reefs and hard bottom habitat throughout the warm-temperate Atlantic Ocean. In this study, the degree of geographic population differentiation in Atlantic populations was examined with microsatellite and mitochondrial DNA markers (mtDNA). Six microsatellite loci were amplified and scored in 690 individuals from the eastern North Atlantic (Crete, Madeira, and Azores), western North Atlantic (North Carolina to Florida, and the eastern Gulf of Mexico), and Brazil. At two loci, fixed allelic differences were found among the three major geographic areas, while frequency differences were observed at three other loci. The DNA of 371 individuals was amplified at the mtDNA control region, and 526 bp were sequenced. Tamura–Nei’s D was used as a measure of nucleotide diversity and divergence: diversity averaged 0.011 within samples, while the corrected divergence averaged 0 between samples within the same area and 0.061 between samples from different areas. Transversion haplotype minimum spanning networks, nucleotide divergence, and FST values all show that the western Atlantic samples were more closely related to each other than any was to samples from the eastern North Atlantic. Within the western North Atlantic, no significant population differentiation was observed, and within the eastern North Atlantic, only the Azores sample showed detectable differences from Crete and Madeira. These data indicate general homogeneity within large areas, and deep divisions between these areas.
Efficient approach for the diversity-oriented synthesis of macro-heterocycles on solid-support

The generation of macro-heterocycles starting from resin bound orthogonally protected lysine and using nucleophilic aromatic substitution is described. The method of cyclization required the coupling of o-fluoro-p-nitro benzoic acid followed by intramolecular displacement of the fluoro group. The described method allows a versatile synthetic route to the synthesis of libraries of macro-heterocycles in an attempt to establish lead drug candidates. The desired cyclic products were obtained in good yields and purities.
Opposing Actions of Two Transforming Growth Factor-β Isoforms on Pituitary Lactotropic Cell Proliferation1

Three transforming growth factor-β protein isoforms (TGFβ1, TGFβ2, and TGFβ3) have been identified in mammals. These isoforms appear to have similar actions on cell growth in various tissues. In rat pituitary tissue, TGFβ1 is localized in PRL-secreting lactotropes and has been shown to act on lactotropes to inhibit estradiol-induced cell proliferation. The steroid inhibits the production and secretion of TGFβ1. It is not known whether the other two isoforms are produced in and/or act on lactotropes. Using immunocytochemical detection techniques, we determined that, like TGFβ1, TGFβ3 is colocalized with PRL in the anterior pituitary of Fischer-344 female rats. Administration of estradiol increased TGFβ3-immunoreactive cell numbers, TGFβ3 protein, and TGFβ3 messenger RNA levels in the pituitary. Determinations of TGFβ3 actions in vitro in primary cultures of pituitary cells indicated that TGFβ3 concentration dependently increases lactotropic cell proliferation. The growth-promoting action of TGFβ3 was poten...
Do Not Give Up Hope for a Climate Agreement

Abstract The failure of the 2009 Copenhagen climate negotiations does not encourage optimism about reaching a meaningful climate agreement. This paper describes a proposal for the next climate agreement that entitles countries to discharge their treaty obligations by paying a ‘fine’. This escape clause provides cost insurance, simplifies the problem of enforcing compliance, and increases incentives to participate in the agreement. The proposal requires that developed countries commit to emissions reductions, maintained by means of cap and trade rather than carbon taxes. A Central Bank maintains stability of carbon prices by defending a price ceiling and floor.
Simple technique for midline stereotaxic surgery in the rat

A simple technique is described for diverting the superior saggital sinus to allow midline implantation of vertically oriented electrodes or cannulae. This method avoids problems encountered following puncture of the sinus and minimizes cortical trauma.
Laser Ablation Imparts Controlled Micro-Scale Pores in Electrospun Scaffolds for Tissue Engineering Applications

Electrospun scaffolds have been used extensively for tissue engineering applications due to the simple processing scheme and versatility. However, many additional benefits can be imparted to these materials via post-processing techniques. Specifically the addition of structured pores on the micro-scale can offer a method to enable patterned cell adhesion, enhanced diffusional properties, and/or guide vascular infiltration upon implantation in vivo. In this study, we laser ablated electrospun poly(l-lactic acid) (PLA) scaffolds and assessed the ablation process and cellular interaction by examining human adipose-derived stem cell (hASC) viability and proliferation on laser micro-machined scaffolds. Laser ablated pores of 150, 300, and 600 μm diameter were micro-machined through electrospun PLA scaffolds. Laser ablation parameters were varied and it was determined that the aperture and z-travel direction of the laser linearly correlated with the ablated pore diameter. To assess cytocompatibility of the micro-machined scaffolds, hASCs were seeded on each scaffold and cell viability was assessed on day 7. Human ASCs were able to adhere around the micro-machined features. DNA content was quantified on all scaffolds and it was determined that hASCs were able to proliferate on all scaffolds. The process of laser ablation could impart many beneficial features to electrospun scaffolds by increasing mass transport and mimicking micro-scale features and assisting in patterning of cells around micro-machined features.
Pseudorandom testing technique for the characterization of local hemodynamic control.

In order to investigate the low frequency properties of renal and femoral hemodynamic variables, pseudorandom testing techniques were used. The arterial flow of each bed, in separate experiments, was modulated by a low amplitude signal based on a pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) generated by digital computer.
Gonococcal Resistance: Are Cephalosporins Next?

The development of resistance to multiple antibiotics has limited treatment options for gonorrhea in many countries. Currently, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention only recommend cephalosporin antibiotics for treatment of uncomplicated gonorrhea. Although the cephalosporins remain effective, the demonstrated ability of Neisseria gonorrhoeae to develop resistance has raised concerns about the possibility of multidrug-resistant N. gonorrhoeae strains, which include cephalosporin resistance. This article provides a review of global trends in cephalosporin susceptibility among gonococcal isolates, recent findings that deepen our understanding of genetic mechanisms of resistance, and the public health and clinical implications of the potential emergence of cephalosporin-resistant gonorrhea.
Loss of axosomatic synapses in the dentate gyrus of aged rats.

Summary Axosomatic synapses involving granule cells of the dentate gyrus were studied by means of quantitative electron microscopic analysis in young adult (3-month-old) and aged (25-month-old) rats. The number of axosomatic synapses per unit length of neuronal soma membrane was found to be significantly lower (by 15%) in aged animals than in young adults. This decrease in synaptic numbers is not associated with age-related changes in the size of neuronal soma profiles or in the length of their plasma membranes. The ratio between the total length of synaptic appositions and the membrane length of a neuronal soma profile was diminished by 22% in aged rats, whereas the mean length of synaptic apposition was 10% less in these animals than in young adults. These data, taken together, suggest that an absolute loss of axosomatic synapses occurs with advanced age. It appears, therefore, that not only the loss of axodendritic synapses, described previously, but also the loss of axosomatic synapses, found here, contributes to the process of age-related partial deafferentation of neurons in the rat dentate gyrus.
HE II FILM PROFILE AND RELATIVE IMPORTANCE OF HEIGHT AND SURFACE PRESSURE

The thickness $d$ of the He II film at 1.40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}K vs height $h$ to 40 cm has been measured by an optical method. Results agree better with an expression of the form $d=k{h}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{3}}$ than with $d=k{h}^{\ensuremath{-}\frac{1}{2}}$ or $h={(\frac{a}{d})}^{3}+{(\frac{b}{d})}^{2}$. Evidence was obtained suggesting that the contour of the film cannot be accounted for by considering it to be an adsorbed film subjected to a varying pressure. The pressure would decrease with height due to gravitational effects in a vertical gas column.
Effectiveness of window blocking in zeolite NaY by strongly coadsorbed molecules

Abstract The effectiveness of window blocking in reducing the diffusion of a sorbate inside a three dimensionally connected zeolite pore system is investigated using pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR. 1H PFG NMR measurements were used to study the diffusion of methane in two binary sorbate systems at varying cosorbate loading: (i) methane and benzene coadsorbed in NaY, and (ii) methane and ethylene coadsorbed in NaY. In both cases (i.e. benzene and ethylene), D blocking molecule D methane was less than ∼3 × 10−2, and we are able to test percolation theory predictions. These measurements were compared with previously determined variable loading single-component methane self-diffusion coefficients in NaX (Karger et al., 1980, J. Chem. Soc. Faraday Trans. I76, 717–737). Large crystals of NaY (∼30 μm) were essential for this study to ensure the accuracy of the diffusion measurements. A constant base methane loading of ∼2 molecules per NaY supercage was employed in all the samples used in this study. The methane self-diffusion coefficient in the presence of coadsorbed benzene and ethylene was reduced in a manner qualitatively consistent with concepts from percolation theory applied to a diamond lattice (representing the connectivity of the NaY supercages). Coadsorbed benzene though was more effective in “blocking” the methane diffusion. Excellent agreement was found between the measured methane self-diffusion coefficients in the presence of benzene and the prediction based on the effective medium approximation (EMA) to the percolation theory. Suggestions are made about the prospects of applying other models to blocking by more mobile cosorbates like ethylene.