cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Dopamine depletion with 6-OHDA enhances dopamine D1-receptor modulation of potassium currents in retinal bipolar cells.

Ascorbate modulates I K(V) of ON-type mixed rod/cone bipolar cells (Mb) in the goldfish retinal slice through a dopamine D1/G-protein/PKA-coupled mechanism. We investigated the effects of dopamine depletion with intraocular injections of 6-OHDA on I K(V) and its modulation by ascorbate over 1–7 weeks following 6-OHDA treatment. Dopamine depletion was verified by tyrosine hydroxylase immunocytochemistry. Slices were perfused in a saline containing 200 μM sodium ascorbate. One-second puffs of ascorbate-free saline (zero [AA] o ), delivered through a 2–3 μm diameter pipette, were directed at the bipolar cells. I K(V) was recorded by conventional whole-cell patch-clamp methods. In normal retinas, puffs of zero [AA] o caused a rapid (<100 ms) suppression of I K(V) of about 50% that lasted for several minutes. This effect was blocked by 1 μM SCH23390 and was unaffected by 2 mM Co 2+ or 5 μM spiperone. 6-OHDA treatment resulted in major effects. First, I K(V) was reduced by ∼50% for weeks 1–6, recovering to a 20% reduction by week 7. Second, puffs of zero [AA] o enhanced I K(V) rather than suppressed it. The enhancement was blocked by SCH23390 and the PKA inhibitor, Wiptide, but was insensitive to spiperone. Third, all parts of the Mb bipolar cell (except for the axon) were sensitive to puffs of zero [AA] o in both normal and 6-OHDA-treated retinas. Fourth, bath application of 20 μM dopamine restored the amplitude of I K(V) but did not reverse the effects of puffed zero [AA] o . I K(V) was fit by two exponentials; all of the effects on I K(V) were on the amplitude of the components and not on the time constants. Chronic dopamine depletion caused reversible changes in the properties of K + channels underlying I K(V) , as well as a long-term change in the intracellular coupling mechanisms between D1-receptor activation and the modulation of I K(V) .
The Dynamics Associated with Equatorial Atmospheric Angular Momentum in an Aquaplanet GCM.

Abstract The dynamical processes that drive intraseasonal equatorial atmospheric angular momentum (EAAM) fluctuations in a 4000-day aquaplanet GCM run are examined. The all-ocean lower boundary has a sea surface temperature field that is both independent of longitude and symmetric across the equator. Because of the absence of topography, the model includes an equatorial bulge and friction torque, but not a mountain torque. The methodology adopted is to regress variables such as surface pressure, streamfunction, precipitation, and the two torques against individual components and the amplitude of the EAAM vector. The results indicate that the phase of the EAAM vector is associated with the westward propagation of a zonal wavenumber-1 midlatitude Rossby wave. This wave has characteristics that closely match those of a normal mode of the GCM and also those of the first antisymmetric rotational mode of the shallow water model on the sphere. Fluctuations in the amplitude of the EAAM vector are found to be rela...
Behavioral effects of psychomotor stimulant infusions into amygdaloid nuclei.

The role of amygdaloid nuclei in locomotion, stereotypy, and conditioned place preference (CPP) produced by psychomotor stimulants was examined. Five 2-day conditioning trials were conducted over 10 consecutive days. Rats received bilateral intracranial infusions of saline, cocaine (25–100 μg/side), or amphetamine (0.31–20 μg/side) into the ventricles (ICV), basolateral amygdala (BlA), or central amygdala (CeA) and were confined to a compartment. On alternating days, rats received sham infusions and were confined to a different compartment. Locomotion was measured daily, stereotypy was measured on trials 1 and 5, and CPP was measured 24 h after conditioning. ICV infusions of cocaine or amphetamine produced locomotion, rearing, and CPP. Intra-BlA and intra-CeA infusions of the highest dose of cocaine produced locomotion. In contrast, intra-CeA infusions of amphetamine potently produced locomotion and CPP. Intra-BlA infusions of amphetamine, however, did not produce any behavioral changes. These results suggest that the CeA, but not the BlA, is involved in initiating reward and locomotion produced by amphetamine.
Unexpected connections between Burnside groups and knot theory

In classical knot theory and the theory of quantum invariants substantial effort was directed toward the search for unknotting moves on links. We solve, in this article, several classical problems concerning unknotting moves. Our approach uses a concept, Burnside groups of links, that establishes an unexpected relationship between knot theory and group theory. Our method has the potential to be used in computational biology in the analysis of DNA via tangle embedding theory, as developed by D. W. Sumners [Sumners, D. W., ed. (1992) New Scientific Applications of Geometry and Topology (Am Math. Soc., Washington, DC) and Ernst, C. & Sumners, D. W. (1999) Math. Proc. Cambridge Philos. Soc. 126, 23–36].
Integrated Design Analysis for the Constellation Architecture

The United States’ Vision for Space Exploration (VSE) calls for implementation of a safe, sustained and affordable robotic and human program to explore and extend human presence across the solar system and beyond. In response to the VSE, NASA has established the Exploration Systems Mission Directorate (ESMD) and its Constellation Program to develop a new exploration transportation system to safely and affordably deliver and return crew and cargo from the surface of the Earth to the International Space Station (ISS), surface of the Moon and later on to Mars. To meet these high-level goals, ESMD’s Constellation Program has defined, developed and continues to mature the Constellation Architecture along with the requirements, operational concepts and mission objectives. The Program’s Systems Engineering and Integration (SE&I) Office has developed and implemented an integrated design analysis process to support the requirements validation, systems design and eventual verification of the Constellation Architecture. Two Integrated Design Analysis Cycles (IDACs) have been conducted and plans are in place for future IDACs in support of upcoming Program milestones, such as, the Systems Definition Review (SDR), Preliminary and Critical Design Reviews (PDR and CDR). A summary of the integrated design analysis process along with the specific plans for current and upcoming IDACs will be presented in this paper. Furthermore, the state of the Constellation Architecture will be summarized.
Desafíos y Bendiciones: A Multiperspective Examination of the Educational Experiences and Coping Responses of First-Generation College Latina Students

Taking a multiperspective approach, seven Latina students, two student services personnel, and one mental health service provider are interviewed to gain different stakeholder perspectives regardin...
Optimal manufacturable CNN array size for time multiplexing schemes

This paper presents a feasibility analysis to predict the optimal size of VLSI CNN implementations. A 3/spl times/3 CNN IC test prototype was designed and fabricated for this purpose. The study considers both the manufacturability and computing performance power of hypothetical large CNN arrays. The manufacturability analysis has been geared towards IC yield prediction using our actual IC layout along with some realistic parameters representing the "cleanliness" of the manufacturing line. Additionally, from experimental results we have found that offset effects are dominant and if they are not properly canceled they can produce incorrect processing results. As a one-on-one mapping between image pixels and CNN cells is practically impossible, the computing performance analysis concentrates on the optimal array size needed to efficiently implement a multiplexing scheme versus the hypothetical fully parallel CNN architecture. Our results indicate that a 50/spl times/50 array is feasible for a time multiplexing scheme. This array will consume around 4 W. The predicted yield of such array is about 70%. The implementation cost is around 30% of a 100/spl times/100 array, or alternatively only 2% of a 200/spl times/200 array, and only 0.04% slower than a hypothetical fully parallel processing architecture.
Case identification of work-related traumatic brain injury using the occupational injury and illness classification system.

OBJECTIVES:: Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is one of the most common, costly, and disabling occupational injuries. Objectives included determining whether work-related TBI could be reliably identified using the Occupational Injury and Illness Classification System (OIICS) and describing challenges in developing an OIICS-based TBI case definition. METHODS:: Washington State trauma registry reports and workers' compensation claims were linked (1998 to 2008). Trauma registry diagnoses were used as the gold standard for six OIICS-based TBI case definitions. RESULTS:: The OIICS-based case definitions were highly specific but had low sensitivity, capturing less than a third of fatal and nonfatal TBI. CONCLUSION:: The use of OIICS versus International Classification of Diseases-Ninth Revision-Clinical Modification codes underestimated TBI and changed the attributable cause distribution, with potential implications for prevention efforts. Surveillance methods that can more fully and accurately capture the impact of work-related TBI across the United States are needed. Language: en
Small frogs get their worms first: the role of nonodonate arthropods in the recruitment of Haematoloechus coloradensis and Haematoloechus complexus in newly metamorphosed northern leopard frogs, Rana pipiens, and woodhouse's toads, Bufo woodhousii.

Studies on the life cycles and epizootiology of North American frog lung flukes indicate that most species utilize odonates as second intermediate hosts; adult frogs become infected by ingesting odonate intermediate hosts. Newly metamorphosed frogs are rarely infected with these parasites, predominantly because they are gape-limited predators that cannot feed on large intermediate hosts such as dragonflies. We examined the role of the frog diet and potential intermediate hosts in the recruitment of the frog lung fluke, Haematoloechus coloradensis, to metamorphosed northern leopard frogs (Rana pipiens), Woodhouse's toads (Bufo woodhousii), and bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana) from western Nebraska. Because of the uncertain validity of H. coloradensis as a distinct species from Haematoloechus complexus, morphological characters of both species were reevaluated and the life cycles of both species were completed in the laboratory. The morphological data on H. coloradensis and H. complexus indicate that they diffe...
The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of vasculitis: Summary

The Americal College of Rheumatology Subcommittee on Classification of Vasculitis of the Diagnostic and Therapeutic Criteria Committee developed classification criteria for 7 forms of vasculitis: polyarteritis nodosa, Churg-Strauss syndrome, Wegener's granulomatosis, hypersensitivity vasculitis, Henoch-Schonlein purpura, giant cell (temporal) arteritis, and Takayasu arteritis. The data collection methods, quality control, and analytic procedures used to derive the classification rules are discussed herein
Genetic damage at specific gene loci in Drosophila with betatron X-rays.

The mutation rate was determined for mature sperm at eight specific gene loci on the third chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster using the low ion density radiations of 22 Mev betatron X-rays. A dose of 3000 rads of betatron X-rays produced a mutation rate of 4.36 x 10-8 per rad/locus. Among the mutations observed, 66% were recessive lethals and 34% viable when homozygous. Only one of the 24 viable mutations was associated with a chromosome aberration. Among the 47 recessive lethals, no two-break aberrations were detected in 48.9% of the lethals, deletions were associated with 42.2%, inversions with 6.7% and translocations with 2.2%.—When these genetic results are compared to those for 250 KV X-rays, the mutation rate for betatron treatments was slightly lower (.76), the recessive lethal rate among induced mutations was higher, and the chromosome aberrations among lethal mutations were slightly lower than with 250 KV X-rays. Although the two types of irradiations differ by an ion density of approximately ten, the amount and types of inheritable genetic damage induced by the two radiations in mature sperm were not significantly different.
Race not rural residency is predictive of surgical treatment for hepatocellular carcinoma: Analysis of the Texas Cancer Registry.

Background and Objectives Rural patients have poor access to specialists and are less likely to receive evidence-based cancer care. We hypothesized that hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) patients from rural counties in Texas would be less likely to receive surgical therapy than those from urban areas. Methods The Texas Cancer Registry was queried (2000–2008). County-level data included “rural or urban” designation and income variables derived by zip code. Surgical intervention included: (i) ablation, (ii) resection–partial or total lobectomy, or (iii) transplantation. A multinomial logistic regression was created to determine predictors of intervention. Results Five thousand thirty seven HCC patients were identified (86% urban) for study. A multinomial regression demonstrated, older age, African–American race, and lower income reduced the likelihood of ablation. Younger age, female gender, Caucasian, and Asian/other race predicted surgical resection, or transplantation. Hispanic race was associated with lower likelihood of resection (RRR 0.75) and transplantation (RRR 0.74), whereas African–American race was associated with pronounced decrease for transplantation (RRR 0.48). Area of residency was not predictive of intervention. Conclusions Rural residency did not decrease the likelihood of surgical intervention for hepatocellular carcinoma. Race and income continue to be associated with significant treatment disparity. Additional investigation should focus on factors that govern the selection of resection or transplantation for potentially eligible patients. J. Surg. Oncol. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Defensins Potentiate a Neutralizing Antibody Response to Enteric Viral Infection

α-defensins are abundant antimicrobial peptides with broad, potent antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities in vitro. Although their contribution to host defense against bacteria in vivo has been demonstrated, comparable studies of their antiviral activity in vivo are lacking. Using a mouse model deficient in activated α-defensins in the small intestine, we show that Paneth cell α-defensins protect mice from oral infection by a pathogenic virus, mouse adenovirus 1 (MAdV-1). Survival differences between mouse genotypes are lost upon parenteral MAdV-1 infection, strongly implicating a role for intestinal defenses in attenuating pathogenesis. Although differences in α-defensin expression impact the composition of the ileal commensal bacterial population, depletion studies using broad-spectrum antibiotics revealed no effect of the microbiota on α-defensin-dependent viral pathogenesis. Moreover, despite the sensitivity of MAdV-1 infection to α-defensin neutralization in cell culture, we observed no barrier effect due to Paneth cell α-defensin activation on the kinetics and magnitude of MAdV-1 dissemination to the brain. Rather, a protective neutralizing antibody response was delayed in the absence of α-defensins. This effect was specific to oral viral infection, because antibody responses to parenteral or mucosal ovalbumin exposure were not affected by α-defensin deficiency. Thus, α-defensins play an important role as adjuvants in antiviral immunity in vivo that is distinct from their direct antiviral activity observed in cell culture.
ESTIMATION OF FABRIC MOISTURE-PERMEABILITY BY THE DYNAMIC METHOD OF NON-STATIONARY STATE

For the purpose of studying the factors involved in evaluating fabric comfort in wear, moisture permeation at non-stationary state in the closed vessel was measured by the dynamic method using an electric hygrometer, and the practical application to the measuring of fabric moisture-permeability was discussed in the light of the obtained results.1) The diffusion layer of water vapour reaches up to 10mm. hight above the water surface at 20°C in a closed system (82mm. φ, 165cc. volume). The diffusion layer is not disturbed even when a fabric was placed at the diffusion layer fringe.2) Accordingly, an electric hygrometer was set up within the diffusion layer for satisfactory measurement of moisture-permeability.3) The measurements on the polyester-ramie fabrics show that the observed decrease in the diffusion rate of water vapour due to the presence of a fabric is linearly related with moisture absorption rate, volume fraction of fiber and air-permeability of fabrics.4) The dynamic method as applied in the present study turned out to be a rapid and convenient method for determining the fabric moisture-permeability and some important factors related to comfort in wear.
A Paradox within the Time Value of Money: A Critical Thinking Exercise for Finance Students.

This study presents a paradox within the time value of money (TVM), namely, that the interest-principal sequence embedded in the payment stream of an amortized loan is exactly the opposite of the interest-principal sequence implicit in the present value of a matching annuity. We examine this inverse sequence, both mathematically and intuitively, and argue that it provides an excellent exercise for finance students to explore, both to enhance their critical thinking skills as well as to strengthen their understanding of TVM concepts. Additionally, such an exercise will involve them actively in the learning process, as mandated by AACSB International’s Eligibility Procedures and Standards for Business Accreditation.
Linda Mary Montano is Reborn

Linda Montano did not wait to die to be reborn. The story of her entry into grace coincided with her father's physical decline, illness, infirmity, and death.
Influencing Factor Analysis on Weather Forecaster's Application of Improved Forecast System

Based on the data obtained from weather forecaster's needs and application tracking survey with questionnaire and face to face depth-interview since 2006 to 2008,the benefits of advanced forecast techniques and improved new products,such as B08FDP products provided during Beijing 2008 Olympics period, were assessed.The three main obstacles preventing weather forecasters from truly using B08FDP products,were drawn from weather forecaster's needs survey and fed back to weather service authority timely in 2006.Weather forecaster's needs and application of new advanced forecast techniques were contrastively analyzed,results showed that forecasters had a more noticeably enhanced confidence in and increased satisfaction to the new advanced forecast techniques and improved products during 2008 Olympics than that in 2007.It was found that the improved socioeconomic benefits of the improvement of forecast techniques were affected by the forecaster's skillful and optimal application of advanced forecast techniques. Therefore,it was crucially important to strengthen the training of forecasters,allowing them to be the master of new forecast techniques,and to build up their confidence in and capability of using the techniques in a conscious manner.At last,some suggestions and recommendations were given for improving the using of advanced weather forecast techniques by weather forecasters.
A Comparison of M31 with the Milky Way

Although not a close match to our Galaxy, M31 is, nevertheless, a useful galaxy for comparing with the Milky Way, as it is the only large spiral for which we can obtain detailed information of certain kinds. Recent work at many wavelengths has made it one of the most thoroughly observed galaxies beyond the Milky Way. The following is a discussion of some of the more challenging areas of similarity and of contrast between them. Insight into certain questions is certainly gained by their comparison, but it must also be confessed that, frustratingly, some problems that confound students of the Milky Way because of our location in the plane, similarly confound those who study M31 because of its nearly edge-on inclination angle.
The Metaphorical Conception of Events and Causes: Some Implications of Cognitive Science for Philosophy

My early work was part of the first generation of Cognitive Science. First generation Cognitive Science assumed Putnam’s Functionalism, the idea that the mind could be studied independent of the body in terms of its functions, and that the mind’s functions could be represented using formal symbol systems. The meanings of the symbols were to be given by interpreting them as referring to things in the world, without any use of human imaginative capacities (e.g., metaphor, mental imagery, and prototype structure). Mind, on this conception, happened to be embodied, but embodiment played no essential role in characterizing Mind. Functionally, mind was disembodied. And imaginative capacities did not enter the picture at all. In short, First Generation Cognitive Science was the Cognitive Science of the Disembodied and Unimaginative Mind.
Literature as re-representation: Calvino and the encyclopedic novel:

In Calvino’s works, the best fruits of contemporary scientific and anthropological disciplines become transferred to the field of literature, and challenge existing generic conventions in different...
Data Management Dimensions of Social Water Science: The iUTAH Experience

Integrating social and hydrologic sciences for understanding water systems is challenged by data management complexities. Contemporary mandates for open science and data sharing necessitate better understanding of the implications of social science data types. In the context of an interdisciplinary water research program that endeavors to integrate and share social science and biophysical data, we highlight the array of data types and issues associated with social water science. We present a multi-dimensional classification of social water science data that provides insight into data management considerations for each data type. Recommendations for cyberinfrastructure, planning, and policy are offered.
Characterization and Separation of Cancer Cells with a Wicking Fiber Device

Current cancer diagnostic methods lack the ability to quickly, simply, efficiently, and inexpensively screen cancer cells from a mixed population of cancer and normal cells. Methods based on biomarkers are unreliable due to complexity of cancer cells, plasticity of markers, and lack of common tumorigenic markers. Diagnostics are time intensive, require multiple tests, and provide limited information. In this study, we developed a novel wicking fiber device that separates cancer and normal cell types. To the best of our knowledge, no previous work has used vertical wicking of cells through fibers to identify and isolate cancer cells. The device separated mouse mammary tumor cells from a cellular mixture containing normal mouse mammary cells. Further investigation showed the device separated and isolated human cancer cells from a heterogeneous mixture of normal and cancerous human cells. We report a simple, inexpensive, and rapid technique that has potential to identify and isolate cancer cells from large volumes of liquid samples that can be translated to on-site clinic diagnosis.
Low and high thermal tolerance characteristics for unfed larvae of the winter tick Dermacentor albipictus (Acari: Ixodidae) with special reference to moose.

Abstract We report that larvae of the winter tick Dermacentor albipictus, the only stage that will quest for a host, can tolerate short-term cold shock down to −25 °C and short-term heat shock as high as 46 °C. Unlike a three host-tick, larvae of D. albipictus have no preconditioning response to low or high temperature exposure by rapid cold hardening (RCH) or heat hardening, and poor ability to acclimate to low and high temperature extremes. Thermal tolerance limits were not improved as the result of larval clustering, and there was only a minimal effect due to changes in photoperiod. These larvae are freeze intolerant and die at higher temperatures (−5 to −10 °C) from contact with ice by inoculative freezing. In absence of cold-associated resistance mechanisms, winter survival requires that larvae procure a host before the first snow cover. Their low and high temperature tolerance, however, is a key survival element that adapts them for off-host periods during summer, which in the arctic could allow for northern expansion.
Accumulation of 137Cs by Carnivorous Aquatic Macrophytes (Utricularia spp.) on the Savannah River Site

Plants are an important mode of transfer of contaminants from sediments into food webs. In aquatic ecosystems, contaminant uptake by macrophytes can vary by path of nutrient uptake (roots vs. absorption from water column). Carnivorous plants likely have additional exposure through consumption of small aquatic organisms. This study expanded on previous research suggesting that bladderworts (Genus Utricularia) accumulate radiocesium (137Cs) and examined for (1) a potential association between sediment and plant concentrations and (2) differences in 137Cs accumulation among rooted and free floating Utricularia species. A strong correlation was found between average 137Cs concentrations in all Utricularia species (combined) and sediments (rs = 0.9, p = 0.0374). Among three bladderwort species at common sites, Utricularia floridana, the only rooted species, had higher mean 137Cs concentrations than Utricularia purpurea, and U. purpurea had a greater mean 137Cs concentration than Utricularia inflata.
A novel geostatistical approach combining Euclidean and gradual-flow covariance models to estimate fecal coliform along the Haw and Deep rivers in North Carolina

Incorporating flow in the covariance function is important for geostatistical water quality estimation that accounts for hydrological transport. Very few studies have successfully incorporated flow due to various reasons including implementation difficulties. To address this critical issue, we introduce here the first implementation of a flow weighted covariance model that uses gradual flow, and we use this model in a novel hybrid Euclidean/Gradual-flow covariance model to estimate fecal coliform along the Haw and Deep rivers from 2006 to 2010. The hybrid Euclidean/Gradual-flow model results in a 12.4% reduction in estimation mean square error compared to the Euclidean model, indicating that this is the first study to successfully incorporate gradual flow and demonstrate an improvement in estimation accuracy over the purely Euclidean approach. Furthermore, results show that the Euclidean/Gradual-flow model is more accurate and easier to implement than the Euclidean/Pipe-flow model. Our assessment found that 96 river miles were detected as being impaired according to the Euclidean/Gradual-flow method, which is more than twice the 39 river miles found according to the Euclidean estimate. These results demonstrate that the Euclidean/Gradual-flow model substantially increase the sensitivity in detecting fecal impairment, which provide critical new information for watershed management and public health protection measures.
RADAR | Cloud Radar

This article is reproduced from the previous edition, volume 4, pp 1795–1802, © 2003, Elsevier Ltd.
Learning in the Deep-Structured Conditional Random Fields

We have proposed the deep-structured conditional random fields (CRFs) for sequential labeling and classification recently. The core of this model is its deep structure and its discriminative nature. This paper outlines the learning strategies and algorithms we have developed for the deep-structured CRFs, with a focus on the new strategy that combines the layer-wise unsupervised pre-training using entropy-based multi-objective optimization and the conditional likelihood-based back-propagation fine tuning, as inspired by the recent development in learning deep belief networks.
Spatial pattern analysis of manufacturing industries in Keraniganj, Dhaka, Bangladesh

Understanding industrial clustering and its patterns of development are important steps in linking regional policy development, strategic decision making, business site management, and fostering a country’s economic growth. A considerable variety of common location-based cluster measures are available in practice, including area-based measures and a variety of indicators based on analyses of point data. This study uses the geostatistical approaches kernel density, multi-distance Reply’s-K, and spatial autocorrelation, both global Moran’s-I and local Moran’s-I, to assess the degree of spatial clustering of manufacturing locations in Keranignaj, located at the southern periphery of the urban region of Dhaka, Bangladesh. Results indicated a non-random pattern for all manufacturing locations in the study region. Small-scale industries such as garment manufacturing, metal, and brick making have a strong presence in Keranignaj. Expansion of such industries were highly associated with proximity to a river, while food processing, rubber and plastics manufacturing industries were clustered in relation to road proximity. The spatial association Global Moran’s-I with higher positive coefficient value indicates homogeneity, or spatial auto-correlation, exist in the industrial locations studied here. Local Moran’s-I, which documents regional clustering, has yielded a statistically significant manufacturing cluster (0.05 level) for the manufacturing areas of Zinjira, Kaliganj, Mirerbagh, and Chunkutia. Since cluster-based economic development has recently been an area of increasing interest for both developed and developing nations, the outcomes from this study provide an insight into spatial processes of industrial development in Bangladesh, and the Dhaka area in particular, enabling planners and policymakers to make rational, informed decisions and strengthening the economic growth and capacity for development of micro-industries clusters for the area studied here and the region beyond.
N-Boc Amines to Oxazolidinones via Pd(II)/Bis-sulfoxide/Broensted Acid Co-Catalyzed Allylic C—H Oxidation.

The process leads to formation of oxazolidine structures in moderate yields and good to excellent diastereoselectivity.
Public Health Responses and Therapeutic Interventions

Incidents of disasters have risen steadily, with over 200 million people impacted each year. Due to climate change, weather-related extreme events have increased in both frequency and magnitude. Save the Children estimates that during the next decade, up to 175 million children will be affected by weather-related disasters. However, these are only one aspect of large-scale concern. Technological disasters such as oil spills and nuclear accidents also pose a profound risk to children’s mental and physical health. Despite their increased vulnerability compared to adults, children often receive insufficient attention. This chapter reviews risk and protective factors for children and families related to natural and technological disasters, as well as public health models to support recovery. Several evidence-based treatments for children of different ages have been designed to address mental and behavioral health problems that may emerge following disasters. These are discussed, in addition to global applications for disaster response and recovery with examples from several different countries and cultures.
Teaching content and thematic analysis using PostSecret submissions

Courses: Communication Research Methods Survey; Qualitative Communication Research Methods.Objectives: It is appropriate to conduct this activity throughout a unit focused on methods of analyzing q...
CdSe Quantum Dot Sensitized Molecular Photon Upconversion Solar Cells

Incorporating photon upconversion, via triplet–triplet annihilation (TTA-UC), directly into a solar cell is an intriguing strategy for harnessing sub-band gap photons and surpassing the Shockley–Queisser limit. A majority of TTA-UC solar cells to date rely on difficult to synthesize and expensive platinum and/or palladium porphyrin sensitizers. Here, we present, as far as we know, the first TTA-UC solar cell that integrates quantum dot (QD) sensitizers directly into the photocurrent generation mechanism. The photoanodes are composed of a nanocrystalline TiO2 substrate, 4,4′-(anthracene-9,10-diyl)bis(4,1-phenylene)diphosphonic acid (A) as the annihilator molecule, and CdSe QDs as the sensitizer in an inorganic–organic-inorganic layered architecture (TiO2-A-QD). The TiO2-A-QD devices generate a photocurrent that is more than 1.4 times the sum of its parts and does so via a TTA-UC mechanism as demonstrated by intensity dependence, IPCE, and spectroscopic measurements. The maximum efficiency onset threshold (...
Functional PVDF/rGO/TiO2 nanofiber webs for the removal of oil from water

Abstract Membrane technology proved to be the most promising method for water treatment because of functionality, high efficiency, low cost and stability of smart membrane. In this study, novel effective PVDF/rGO/TiO2 nanofiber webs for oil/water separation are produced by incorporation of rGO/TiO2 nanoparticles in the electrospun solution. GO is prepared by Brodie's method while rGO/TiO2 is synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The morphology of PVDF/rGO/TiO2 nanofiber is tested by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and optical microscope. Moreover, the mechanical properties, water contact angle, fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and oil-water separation property of these nanofiber webs are also tested. The results show PVDF/rGO/TiO2 nanofibers with rGO/TiO2 concentration of 3% have uniform diameter and diameter distribution. Additionally, the mean roughness (Ra) shows an increasing trend with rGO/TiO2 concentration from 0% to 20%. The mechanical properties of PVDF/rGO/TiO2 nanofiber webs are affected by the rGO/TiO2 concentration. FTIR results indicate the existence of GO and TiO2 peaks in the nanofiber webs. In addition, from the oil-water removal experiment, it can be observed that PVDF/rGO/TiO2 nanofiber webs with a rGO/TiO2 concentration of 3% has the highest oil removal efficiency at 98.46%. Overall, the hydrophobic PVDF/rGO/TiO2 nanofiber webs turned out to be promising materials for separating oil/water mixture.
Cost-effectiveness analyses: a basic overview for dermatologists.

Antecedents: A une epoque ou les allocations en matiere de soins de sante sont limitees, les analyses cout-efficacite sont importantes parce qu'elles fournissent des renseignements qui peuvent etre utilises par les decideurs lors du choix par ordre de priorite des politiques de soins de sante et de leur mise en application. Objectifs: Donner un apercu des concepts relatifs aux analyses cout-efficacite (ACE) en indiquant, a l'aide d'exemples dermatologiques, leur force et leur faiblesse, les calculs et les variables utilises ainsi que les resultats obtenus lors de l'interpretation des ACE. Conclusion: Les analyses cout-efficacite constituent d'importants outils auxquels les dermatologues peuvent avoir recours pour computer les actes medicaux utilisant les couts, l'efficacite et les resultats cliniques.
Tissue-level inflammation and ventricular remodeling in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a common cardiac condition caused primarily by sarcomeric protein mutations with several distinct phenotypes, ranging from asymmetric septal hypertrophy, either with or without left ventricular outflow tract obstruction, to moderate left ventricular dilation with or without apical aneurysm formation and marked, end-stage dilation with refractory heart failure. Sudden cardiac death can occur at any stage. The phenotypic variability observed in HCM is the end-result of many factors, including pre-load, after-load, wall stress and myocardial ischemia stemming from microvascular dysfunction and thrombosis; however, tissue level inflammation to include leukocyte-derived extracellular traps consisting of chromatin and histones, apoptosis, proliferation of matrix proteins and impaired or dysfunctional regulatory pathways contribute as well. Our current understanding of the pathobiology, developmental stages, transition from hypertrophy to dilation and natural history of HCM with emphasis on the role of tissue-level inflammation in myocardial fibrosis and ventricular remodeling is summarized.
Psychometric evaluation of the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale-Short Form in Alzheimer’s caregivers

The present study evaluated the psychometric properties of scores from the Behavioral Activation for Depression Scale Short Form (BADS-SF) in a sample of older age, spousal, Alzheimer’s caregivers ...
What the public needs to see and say: An easier guide to early detection of armed assailants

In the wake of active shooting, the commonly cited “See Something, Say Something” campaign is, by and large, ineffective, not because it lacks good intent. Rather, it fails insofar as it does not g...
Internet Enabled Arbitrage: Evidence from the International Textbook Market

This paper addresses an emerging phenomenon in the international online book market and raises questions that are becoming increasingly important to managers in the global e-commerce. Using data from the international online textbook market, this study finds that average prices for equivalent items differ significantly across countries. Even after controlling shipping services by equalizing the shipping time for books, UK online retailers still uniformly offer 22.9 percent lower prices than US online retailers. Applying a conditional logit model to customer choice, this study shows that US customers value foreign offers 10.5 percent lower than domestic offers. There is a 12.4 percent of net price difference between UK and US online retailers after controlling for all other choice-specific characteristics. This price differential can benefit consumers, and can provide profitable opportunities for firms involved at each stage of the book industry.
Decreases in different Dnmt3b activities drive distinct development of hematologic malignancies in mice

DNA methylation regulates gene transcription and is involved in various physiological processes in mammals, including development and hematopoiesis. It is catalyzed by DNA methyltransferases including Dnmt1, Dnmt3a, and Dnmt3b. For Dnmt3b, its effects on transcription can result from its own DNA methylase activity, the recruitment of other Dnmts to mediate methylation, or transcription repression in a methylation-independent manner. Low-frequency mutations in human DNMT3B are found in hematologic malignancies including cutaneous T-cell lymphomas, hairy cell leukemia, and diffuse large B-cell lymphomas. Moreover, Dnmt3b is a tumor suppressor in oncogene-driven lymphoid and myeloid malignancies in mice. However, it is poorly understood how the different Dnmt3b activities contribute to these outcomes. We modulated Dnmt3b activity in vivo by generating Dnmt3b+/− mice expressing one wild-type allele as well as Dnmt3b+/CI and Dnmt3bCI/CI mice where one or both alleles express catalytically inactive Dnmt3bCI. We show that 43% of Dnmt3b+/− mice developed T-cell lymphomas, chronic lymphocytic leukemia, and myeloproliferation over 18 months, thus resembling phenotypes previously observed in Dnmt3a+/− mice, possibly through regulation of shared target genes. Interestingly, Dnmt3b+/CI and Dnmt3bCI/CI mice survived postnatal development and were affected by B-cell rather than T-cell malignancies with decreased penetrance. Genome-wide hypomethylation, increased expression of oncogenes such as Jdp2, STAT1, and Trip13, and p53 downregulation were major events contributing to Dnmt3b+/− lymphoma development. We conclude that Dnmt3b catalytic activity is critical to prevent B-cell transformation in vivo, whereas accessory and methylation-independent repressive functions are important to prevent T-cell transformation.
AN ANALYSIS OF COMMON APPLICATIONS ON HEDONIC PRICING MODEL IN VALUING ECOSYSTEM SERVICES: SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCE BETWEEN EUROPE, US, AND CHINA

The study made a comparison with the common applications on the hedonic pricing model that valuing ecosystem services between Europe, the United States, and China. By analyzing various reasons impacting housing prices, cultural and historical backgrounds played roles in the real-world applications.
Photonic power electronics: Past, present, and future

This manuscript provides a brief outline on a relatively new line of work with focus on optically-switched power-electronics and switched-power systems. An abridged overview on some of the chronological work with regard to optical power semiconductor device technology and controls provided. Finally, looking forward some of the potential application areas are captured.
Solid-state decomposition of para-substituted salicylic acids.

A series of para‐substituted salicylic acids, all crystallizing monoclinically and decomposing by decarboxylation, were shown to adhere to Bawn‐type kinetics, and the decomposition rate constants were shown to adhere approximately to a Hammett‐type relation. The value of the reaction parameter was –8. Both para‐substituted salicylic and benzoic acids occur as dimers in the crystalline state. The mechanism whereby the latter decomposes is speculated to be intermolecular in the sense that the substituent from one dimer interacts with the carboxyl group of a neighboring dimer. In the same sense of the word, the substituted salicylic acids decompose by an intramolecular mechanism, i.e., within the dimer unit.
“Forging Ahead” in Banes, Cuba: Garveyism in a United Fruit Company Town

In the early 1920s, British West Indians in Banes, Cuba, built one of the world’s most successful branches of the Universal Negro Improvement Association (UNIA) in the heart of the world-famous United Fruit Company’s sugar-export enclave in Cuba. This article explores the day-to-day function of the UNIA in Banes in order to investigate closely the relationship between British West Indian migration and Garveysim and, in particular, between Garvey’s movement and powerful employers of mobile West Indian labor. It finds that the movement achieved great success in Banes (and in other company towns) by meeting the very specific needs of its members as black workers laboring in sites of U.S. hegemony. Crucially, the UNIA survived, and even thrived, in a company town by taking a pragmatic approach to its dealings with the company.
The Limits of Institutionalized Literacies: Minority Community Literacies and One U.S. University

After reviewing results from the Nation’s Report Card in Writing, this article presents data from a survey of Latino students, the largest ethnic group of students at Northeastern Illinois University. These data suggest that the Hispanic students at Northeastern are similar to their national Hispanic peers in several ways, such as the levels of parental education and the number of texts in their homes, yet different from them in other ways, such as exposure to English at home or level of involvement with parents and friends. Perhaps most significantly, these students report stronger beliefs in and attitudes about literacy than either their national Hispanic peers or national peers. Although more research is needed, these data indicate the need for new literacy theories and research methods to ensure that these experiences and expectations are legitimized not as educational liabilities but as intellectual assets.
A Randomized Controlled Trial to Evaluate the Veterans' In-home Program for Military Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury and Their Families: Report on Impact for Family Members

Abstract Background Traumatic brain injury (TBI) creates many challenges for families as well as for patients. Few intervention studies have considered both the needs of the person with TBI and his or her family and included both in the intervention process. To address this gap, we designed an innovative intervention for veterans with TBI and families—the Veterans' In-home Program (VIP)—targeting veterans' environment, delivered in veterans' homes, and involving their families. Objectives To determine whether the VIP is more effective than standard outpatient clinic care in improving family members' well-being in 3 domains (depressive symptoms, burden, and satisfaction) and to assess its acceptability to family members. Design In this randomized controlled trial, 81 dyads (veteran/family member) were randomly assigned to VIP or an enhanced usual care control condition. Randomization occurred after the baseline interview. Follow-up interviews occurred 3-4 months after baseline, and the interviewer was blinded to group assignment. Setting Interviews and intervention sessions were conducted in veterans' homes or by telephone. Participants A total of 81 veterans with TBI recruited from a Veterans Affairs (VA) polytrauma program and a key family member for each participated. Of the 81 family members, 63 completed the follow-up interview. Intervention The VIP, guided by the person–environment fit model, consisted of 6 home visits and 2 telephone calls delivered by occupational therapists over a 3- to 4-month period. Family members were invited to participate in the 6 home sessions. Main Outcome Measures Family member well-being was operationally defined as depressive symptomatology, caregiver burden, and caregiver satisfaction 3-4 months after baseline. Acceptability was operationally defined through 3 indicators. Results Family members in the VIP showed significantly lower depressive symptom scores and lower burden scores when compared to controls at follow-up. Satisfaction with caregiving did not differ between groups. Family members' acceptance of the intervention was high. Conclusions VIP represents the first evidence-based intervention that considers both the veteran with TBI and the family. VIP had a significant impact on family member well-being and thus addresses a large gap in previous research and services for families of veterans with TBI.
Chronic colonization of rat airways with Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Colonization of the airways of rats by Pseudomonas aeruginosa was established by treating the animals with hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA) and inoculating with P. aeruginosa. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were given tap water (controls) or HMPA in the drinking water at 2 or 4 mg/ml. The ciliated cells of the airway epithelium were denuded, and microulcerative lesions in the epithelium were induced in the HMPA-treated rats. After 2 weeks of treatment, the rats were inoculated by transoral intratracheal instillation with 5 X 10(7) CFU of P. aeruginosa obtained from a cystic fibrosis patient. Two weeks after inoculation, P. aeruginosa was cultured from the airways, and scanning and transmission electron microscopy showed bacilli adhering to or invading the injured airway epithelium. P. aeruginosa was present in tracheal and intrapulmonary tissue homogenates of 9% of the P. aeruginosa-inoculated control rats (n = 22) as compared with 61% of the 2-mg/ml (n = 18) and 65% of the 4-mg/ml (n = 20) HMPA-treated rats (P less than 0.05). No dose-response relationship was found between 2 and 4 mg of HMPA per ml and colonization. Contamination of 47% of all of the rats with Mycoplasma pulmonis, as indicated by a positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for immunoglobulin G, had no discernible significant effect on colonization by P. aeruginosa. These results indicate that colonization of the rat airway by P. aeruginosa can be achieved experimentally by treating the animals with HMPA. This research supports the hypothesis that colonization by P. aeruginosa may occur in airways where the ciliated epithelium has been injured and epithelial lesions exist. Images
Arts And Crafts of Rajasthan

Nath. Aman and Francis Wacziarg 1987 Arts and Crafts of Rajasthan. Ahmedabad: Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd. Distributed by the University of Washington Press. 228 pp., 167 color plates, historic black-and-white photographs, map, glossary, $29.50 (hardcover).