cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Effects of warfarin, phenylindanedione, tetrachloropyridinol, and chloro-vitamin K1 on prothrombin synthesis and vitamin K metabolism in normal and warfarin-resistant rats.

Anatagonists of vitamin K—warfarin, phenylindanedione the 2-chloro analogue of vitamin K1, and tetrachloropyridinol—blocked prothrombin synthesis completely and without a lag period in the rat. Experiments to determine the mode of action of the antagonists indicated that they could be divided into two groups. The inhibition of prothrombin synthesis by all four antagonists was reversed by vitamin K1, but the inhibition in Sprague-Dawley rats by group I (warfarin and phenylindanedione) was not reversed by phylloquinone epoxide, beause the group I compounds inhibited the conversion of [3H] phylloquinone epoxide to the active vitamin, [3H]vitamin K1, and caused the accumulation of [3H] phylloquinone epoxide in rats that had received injections of the tritiated vitamin. It is proposed that group I compounds were ineffective in blocking prothrombin synthesis in warfarin-resistant rats because in these animals the conversion from epoxide to K1 is not as sensitive as in normal animals. Consequently the epoxide can stimulate prothrombin synthesis in the presence of group I compounds in the resistant strain. In contrast, the inhibition of prothrombin synthesis by group II (tetrachloropyridinol and 2-chloro-vitamin K1) was reversed by epoxide, because these compounds inhibited the [3H] phylloquinone epoxide to [3H] vitamin K1 conversion much less than those of group I. Similarly, the effect of group II on the metabolism of [3H] vitamin K1 was much smaller than that of group I. Group II compounds blocked prothrombin synthesis in warfarin-resistant animals at least as well as in Sprague-Dawley rats. These results are consistent with the idea that coumarin and indanedione anticoagulants (group I) inhibit prothrombin synthesis by causing the accumulation of an inhibitor of the vitamin, phylloquinone epoxide, and that 2-chloro-vitamin K1 and tetrachloropyridinol (group II) act at another site.
Fundamentals of visualizing communication networks

The human brain is built to process complex visual impressions within milliseconds. In comparison with sequentially coded spoken language and written texts, we are capable of consuming graphical information at a high bandwidth in a parallel fashion, producing a picture worth more than a thousand words. Effective information visualization can be a powerful tool to capture people's attention and quickly communicate large amounts of data and complex information. This is particularly important in the context of communication data, which often describes entities (people, organizations) and their connections through communication. Visual analytics approaches can optimize the user-computer interaction to gain insights into communication networks and learn about their structures. Network visualization is a perfect instrument to better communicate the results of analysis. The precondition for effective information visualization and successful visual reasoning is the capability to draw “good” pictures. Even though communication networks are often large, including thousands or even millions of people, underlying visualization principles are identical to those used for visualizing smaller networks. In this article, you will learn about these principles, giving you the ability to assess the quality of network visualizations and to draw better network pictures by yourself.
Microfabrication Process and Characteristic Testing of a MEMS-Based Preconcentrator

Due to terroristic activities it has become of significant importance to accurately detect vapor or trace particles of explosive materials. This task is difficult due to the limited number of particles available to be gathered for analysis. In order to combat this problem a preconcentrator has been developed to increase collection efficiency and the signal to noise ratio. Described is the fabrication process and characteristic testing prior to use with a portable ion mobility spectrometer (IMS).
TerraLook: Providing easy, no-cost access to satellite images for busy people and the technologically disinclined

Access to satellite images has been largely limited to communities with specialized tools and expertise, even though images could also benefit other communities. This situation has resulted in underutilization of the data. TerraLook, which consists of collections of georeferenced JPEG images and an open source toolkit to use them, makes satellite images available to those lacking experience with remote sensing. Users can find, roam, and zoom images, create and display vector overlays, adjust and annotate images so they can be used as a communication vehicle, compare images taken at different times, and perform other activities useful for natural resource management, sustainable development, education, and other activities.
Chylous Ascites Requiring Surgical Intervention after Donor Nephrectomy: Case Series and Single Center Experience

Chylous ascites as a result of laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) is a rare complication that carries significant morbidity, including severe protein-calorie malnutrition and an associated immunocompromised state. We report a patient who underwent hand-assisted left LDN and subsequently developed chylous ascites. He failed conservative therapy including low-fat diet with medium-chain triglycerides (LFD/MCT) and oral protein supplementation as well as strict NPO status with intravenous (IV) total parenteral nutrition (TPN) and subcutaneous (SQ) somatostatin analogue administration. Laparoscopic re-exploration and intracorporeal suture ligation and clipping of leaking lymph channels successfully sealed the chyle leak. We review the literature to date including diagnosis, incidence, management options, psychosocial aspects and clinical outcomes of chylous ascites after LDN.
The Biofeedback Treatment of Tension Headache

Leviton (1978), in commenting on the epidemiology of headache, believes it is helpful to identify the unrecognized need, or the extent to which headache is distributed among the population at large, and the recognized need, or the proportion of individuals reporting to health care facilities seeking treatment for headache. Community studies conducted in the United States and elsewhere reveal nearly all individuals can be expected to experience a headache within a given one-year period. As many as 15% of males and 30% of females will experience headaches during this period that are fairly frequent or intense. Headache is the primary complaint in from 1% to 8% of patients seeking outpatient health care.
Classifiability criteria for refining of random walks segmentation

This paper proposes a novel approach to improve the segmentation quality of a 3D random walks algorithm using classifiability criteria. We produce a range of potential threshold values by extending the decision function of a random walks algorithm using a likelihood ratio test. Optimal threshold values are quantitatively isolated using two data-driven methods: maximum total accuracy and Bayesian cross validation criteria. The proposed methods are evaluated using a dataset of 28 dental lesions in 3D cone-beam CT scans. Both methods produce viable thresholds, the first corresponding to a conservative segmentation and the second a relaxed segmentation. We qualitatively compare the results to determine the best method.
Vacuum-Assisted Closure Therapy for Reconstruction of Soft-Tissue Forehead Defects

We sought to examine the efficacy of vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) therapy for the reconstruction of full-thickness forehead defects and to determine the appropriate therapeutic strategies for its use. Medical records and photographs were reviewed for 3 patients with full-thickness tissue loss of the forehead region treated with a VAC system. All 3 patients had complete formation of healthy granulation tissue with VAC therapy alone. One patient was treated to full reepithelization of her wound; the other 2 patients underwent successful surgical closure after VAC reduction of the defect. The treatment was well tolerated, with no complications. Although this represents an initial study, it seems that the protocol for VAC therapy presented herein is a reliable technique for the repair of forehead defects that provides excellent functional and aesthetic outcomes.
The Growth of Real Product in the United States Before 1840: New Evidence, Controlled Conjectures

Scholarly opinion currently evinces disturbing symptoms of latent schizophrenia on the subject of economic growth in the ante-bellum United States. Virtually every student of the era now appears convinced that the long-term rate of growth of aggregate product per capita underwent a significant acceleration “somewhere during the period between 1815 and 1860,” as Douglass North recently phrased it. And, if many economic historians protest W. W. Rostow's labeling the years following 1843 as the period of the U.S. “take-off,” most do not seem to balk at accepting the guess hazarded by Raymond Goldsmith: “a fairly sharp break in the trend of real national product per head … occurred not very long before 1839,” quite probably during the 1830's. To the uninitiated, it might seem obvious that everybody also subscribes to an explicit set of assertions about the secular rate of growth of per capita product during the period from, say, the founding of the nation to the date of the putative acceleration; otherwise, how could all agree that a significant alteration in the trend had occurred?
Testicular Tumors: What Radiologists Need to Know—Differential Diagnosis, Staging, and Management

Testicular anatomy and embryology are reviewed, along with the risk factors, epidemiology, differential diagnosis, staging, and management of testicular cancer.
The Cytoplasmic Tail of Infectious Bronchitis Virus E Protein Directs Golgi Targeting

We have previously shown that the E protein of the coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is localized to the Golgi complex when expressed exogenously from cDNA. Here, we report that neither the transmembrane domain nor the short lumenal domain of IBV E is required for Golgi targeting. However, an N-terminal truncation containing only the cytoplasmic domain (CTE) was efficiently localized to the Golgi complex, and this domain could retain a reporter protein in the Golgi. Thus, the cytoplasmic tail of the E protein is necessary and sufficient for Golgi targeting. The IBV E protein is palmitoylated on one or two cysteine residues adjacent to its transmembrane domain, but palmitoylation was not required for proper Golgi targeting. Using C-terminal truncations, we determined that the IBV E Golgi targeting information is present between tail amino acids 13 and 63. Upon treatment with brefeldin A, both the E and CTE proteins redistributed to punctate structures that colocalized with the Golgi matrix proteins GM130 and p115 instead of being localized to the endoplasmic reticulum like Golgi glycosylation enzymes. This suggests that IBV E is associated with the Golgi matrix through interactions of its cytoplasmic tail and may have interesting implications for coronavirus assembly in early Golgi compartments.
What do they do all day? Comprehensive evaluation of a full-day kindergarten

A comprehensive evaluation of a newly-implemented full-day kindergarten program was carried out over a 2-year period. The evaluation included documentation of program processes and outcomes, viewed from multiple perspectives, using both quantitative and qualitative methods. When compared with children in half-day kindergarten classrooms, children in full-day classrooms spent more time (in absolute and relative terms) engaged in child-initiated activities (especially learning centers), more time in teacher-directed individual work, and relatively less time in teacher-directed large groups. Parents of full-day children expressed higher levels of satisfaction with program schedule and curriculum, citing benefits similar to those expressed by teachers: more flexibility; more time for child-initiated, in-depth, and creative activities; and less stress and frustration. Kindergarten report card progress and readiness for first grade were rated significantly higher for full-day children. This study illustrates the converging validity and richness of evaluation results which are possible when a comprehensive, ecological approach is used.
Treatment Models for Treating Patients with Combined Mental Illness and Developmental Disability

The presence of co-occurring psychiatric disorders among individuals with developmental disability (DD) requires clinicians to adjust and modify standard mental health assessment and treatment planning. In particular, assessment includes input from a multi-disciplinary team and as a result, diagnosis is frequently a synthesis of data from many different points of view. Treatment planning and implementation commonly include a collection of highly specialized, individualized programs that focus on the long term management of both disorders. Crises and recurrence of mental disorders are commonplace in part due to the presence of ongoing risk and vulnerability factors for mental disorders. As a result, the need for emergency interventions, specialized respite services, hospitalization and other transition services is extensive. The quality, availability and access to these services vary considerably. Many programs are concentrated in metropolitan or university-based centers and pose hardships based on geographic distance. The availability and utilization of services is affected by political, economic, socio-cultural and psychological forces that impact both the willingness to use services and the distribution of professionals trained and qualified to manage individuals with dual diagnoses. The complex interaction between each of these factors determines the structure, function, and capacity for innovation built into current service models.
Conventional and Robust Quantitative Gait Norms in Community-Dwelling Older Adults

Objectives While gait is widely used to assess health status in older adults, normative data is lacking. Our objective was to develop and compare norms for widely used gait parameters in adults age 70 and older using cross-sectional (conventional) and longitudinal (robust) approaches accounting for important confounders such as disease effects on gait.
Intercomparison of an Ensemble Kalman Filter with Three- and Four-Dimensional Variational Data Assimilation Methods in a Limited-Area Model over the Month of June 2003

Abstract This study compares the performance of an ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) with both the three-dimensional and four-dimensional variational data assimilation (3DVar and 4DVar) methods of the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model over the contiguous United States in a warm-season month (June) of 2003. The data assimilated every 6 h include conventional sounding and surface observations as well as data from wind profilers, ships and aircraft, and the cloud-tracked winds from satellites. The performances of these methods are evaluated through verifying the 12- to 72-h forecasts initialized twice daily from the analysis of each method against the standard sounding observations. It is found that 4DVar has consistently smaller error than that of 3DVar for winds and temperature at all forecast lead times except at 60 and 72 h when their forecast errors become comparable in amplitude, while the two schemes have similar performance in moisture at all lead times. The forecast error of the EnKF is compa...
Breakdown of one-parameter scaling in quantum critical scenarios for high-temperature copper-oxide superconductors

We show that if the excitations which become gapless at a quantum critical point also carry the electrical current, then a resistivity linear in temperature, as is observed in the copper-oxide high-temperature superconductors, obtains only if the dynamical exponent z satisfies the unphysical constraint, z < 0. At fault here is the universal scaling hypothesis that, at a continuous phase transition, the only relevant length scale is the correlation length. Consequently, either the electrical current in the normal state of the cuprates is carried by degrees of freedom which do not undergo a quantum phase transition, or quantum critical scenarios must forgo this basic scaling hypothesis and demand that more than a single-correlation length scale is necessary to model transport in the cuprates.
X-Ray Study of the Solid Solution of TiO, Fe2O3, and G, O3 in Mullite (3A12O3a2Si02)

A study of the solid solution of TiO2, Fe2O3, and Cr203 in mullite was made by measuring the changes in lattice parameters and unit-cell volume. Synthetic mullite (3O3-2SiO2) was reacted with up to 12 weight % of the oxides at temperatures ranging from 1000° to 17000C. The approximate minimum temperature required for the formation of solid solution was 12000C. for Fe203 and 1400°C. for Cr2O3 and TiO3. The maximum amount of solid solution found was 2 to 4% TiO2 at 1600°C., 10 to 12% Fe2Os at 1300°C., and 8 to 10% CrZO3 at 1600OC. Lattice parameters and unit-cell volumes for each solid solution series increased with increasing amounts of foreign oxide. There was good agreement between the calculated and observed increase in cell dimensions for the iron oxide series. Except in the case of titania, there was good agreement between X-ray data and petrographic observations.
Dynamic file assignment in a computer network: Part II: Random rates of demand

The problem of dynamic file allocation in a computer network is treated in the case when the time-pattern of the file demand rates is not perfectly known in advance to the designer. Instead, only a prior distribution and a statistical behavior are assumed, and the rates have to be estimated on-line from the incoming requests. We show that these estimates are sufficient statistics for the optimal control and obtain the equation giving the control laws as a function of the current estimates and the present location of the file.
Applicator for optimum cobalt-60 primary breast treatments.

Abstract A breast applicator has been designed to optimize 3 field breast treatments for 60 Co. The device has a six half value layer beam splitting block constructed in two sections. The larger permanently mounted section is sufficient for treating 90% of the patients. Slots are available for mounting cerroband blocks, and any of five brass half field wedges. A magnetically attached front and back-pointer assembly readily breaks away in the event of a collision between pointer and patient. With this design the breast applicator with wedges and blocks has in-field surface doses reduced to that of an open field without accessory devices. The 50–90% dose decrement of the radiation penumbra for the half field block is comparable to that for the field edge of a typical 6 MV X ray unit, although the 10%–50 decrement is larger. The average out-of-field dose at the surface is 8% and is 5% at the depth of dose maximum. The combination for this applicator of sharp penumbra and low out-of-field dose leads to reduced lung and opposite breast doses. The latter was confirmed with TLD measurements on 10 patients, and yielded an average opposite breast dose of 230 cGy for a 4600 cGy prescription. Thus, half-field blocking devices do not preclude, as has been stated in the literature, acceptable opposite breast doses. In addition, proper design of these devices can significantly improve the radiation characteristics for primary breast treatments.
Countertransference with Clients who Have Schizophrenia: A Social Work Perspective:

Social work practitioners face particular challenges when working with clients who have schizophrenia, as it is often difficult to develop positive relationships with them. Social workers' ability ...
Stress-coping strategies identified from school age children's perspective

School age children, 8 to 12 years old (N = 103), reported on the strategies they use to help them deal with stressors. Individual questionnaires contained 518 coping strategies that were sorted into 13 categories inductively derived from the content of the behaviors. Girls named significantly more social support and emotional behaviors than boys, while boys named significantly more physical exercise activities than girls. Examination of the data by age revealed significant differences in the frequency with which all categories of strategies were used except for aggressive motor and spiritual activities. The data also revealed particular strategies that were used in different stages of the coping process, and strategies that the children perceived to be helpful versus not helpful to them.
Implications of circadian rhythm and stress in addiction vulnerability

In the face of chronic stress, some individuals can maintain normal function while others go on to develop mental illness. Addiction, affecting one in every twelve people in America, is a substance use disorder long associated with stressful life events and disruptions in the sleep/wake cycle. The circadian and stress response systems have evolved to afford adaptability to environmental changes and allow for maintenance of functional stability, or homeostasis. This mini-review will discuss how circadian rhythms and stress individually affect drug response, affect each other, and how their interactions may regulate reward-related behavior. In particular, we will focus on the interactions between the circadian clock and the regulation of glucocorticoids by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Determining how these two systems act on dopaminergic reward circuitry may not only reveal the basis for vulnerability to addiction, but may also illuminate potential therapeutic targets for future investigation.
Positive Diversity Tuning for Machine Translation System Combination

We present Positive Diversity Tuning, a new method for tuning machine translation models specifically for improved performance during system combination. System combination gains are often limited by the fact that the translations produced by the different component systems are too similar to each other. We propose a method for reducing excess cross-system similarity by optimizing a joint objective that simultaneously rewards models for producing translations that are similar to reference translations, while also punishing them for translations that are too similar to those produced by other systems. The formulation of the Positive Diversity objective is easy to implement and allows for its quick integration with most machine translation tuning pipelines. We find that individual systems tuned on the same data to Positive Diversity can be even more diverse than systems built using different data sets, while still obtaining good BLEU scores. When these individual systems are used together for system combination, our approach allows for significant gains of 0.8 BLEU even when the combination is performed using a small number of otherwise identical individual systems.
Thermal battery degradation mechanisms

Diffuse reflectance IR spectroscopy (DRIFTS) was used to investigate the effect of accelerated aging on LiSi based anodes in simulated MC3816 batteries. DRIFTS spectra showed that the oxygen, carbonate, hydroxide and sulfur content of the anodes changes with aging times and temperatures, but not in a monotonic fashion that could be correlated to phase evolution. Bands associated with sulfur species were only observed in anodes taken from batteries aged in wet environments, providing further evidence for a reaction pathway facilitated by H2S transport from the cathode, through the separator, to the anode. Loss of battery capacity with accelerated aging in wet environments was correlated to loss of FeS2 in the catholyte pellets, suggesting that the major contribution to battery performance degradation results from loss of active cathode material.
Dual compile strategy for parallel heterogeneous execution.

The purpose of the Dual Compile Strategy is to increase our trust in the Compute Engine during its execution of instructions. This is accomplished by introducing a heterogeneous Monitor Engine that checks the execution of the Compute Engine. This leads to the production of a second and custom set of instructions designed for monitoring the execution of the Compute Engine at runtime. This use of multiple engines differs from redundancy in that one engine is working on the application while the other engine is monitoring and checking in parallel instead of both applications (and engines) performing the same work at the same time.
GENETIC EVIDENCE OF OUTBREEDING IN THE BLACK-TAILED PRAIRIE DOG (CYNOMYS LUDOVICIANUS).

The study of mating systems and the effect of social behavior on the genetic structure of animal populations is an important topic in evolutionary biology. The theoretical approaches of Wright (1978 and references therein) and Malecot (1969) have been extended by many other researchers, including Cockerham (1973), Jacquard (1974), Smith (1974) and Nei (1977). Two methods have been used to study mating systems in natural populations. The more usual approach is to assay the genetic structure by collecting a population sample and determining allele and genotype frequencies at one or more polymorphic loci. The number of such studies has increased rapidly in recent years, due to the now-routine application of gel electrophoresis in population biology. Previous research on the genetic structure of rodent populations includes that of Petras (1967), Selander (1970), Birdsall and Nash (1973), Myers (1974), Schwartz and Armitage (1980, 1981), Foltz (1981), Hanken and Sherman (1981) and Patton and Feder (1981). A second approach involves the analysis of pedigrees obtained by long-term study of populations whose members are individually marked. Because of the ob-vious difficulties in obtaining this information for natural populations, such studies are relatively rare. Exceptions include the work of Howard (1949), Bulmer (1973), Missakian (1973), Greenwood et al. (1978) and Brown and Brown (1981).
Polybenzoxazine Aerogels. 2. Interpenetrating Networks with Iron Oxide and the Carbothermal Synthesis of Highly Porous Monolithic Pure Iron(0) Aerogels as Energetic Materials

There is a specific need for nanoporous monolithic pyrophoric metals as energetic materials and catalysts. Adapting modern-day blast furnace methodology, namely, direct reduction of highly porous iron oxide aerogels with H2 or CO, yielded coarse powders. Turning to smelting reduction, we used the acid environment of gelling [Fe(H2O)6]3+ sols to catalyze co-gelation of a second, extremely sturdy, carbonizable in high yield polybenzoxazine (PBO) network that plays the dual role of a reactive template. Formation of two independent gel networks was confirmed with rheology/dynamic mechanical analysis performed in tandem with the same sol and its gel, and results were correlated with data from microscopy (SEM, STEM) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) for the elucidation of the exact topological association of the two components. By probing the chemical interaction of the two networks with infrared, Mossbauer, XRD, and CHN analysis, we found out that iron(III) oxide undergoes pre-reduction to Fe3O4 and part...
The New Urban Fiscal Crisis: Finance, Democracy, and Municipal Debt*

Numerous U.S. cities suffered immense fiscal strain following the subprime mortgage crisis and financial crash of 2007–8. Diminished revenues, tightened credit, and speculative financing that went ...
Good job, bad job: Occupational perceptions among Latino poultry workers.

Objectives Immigrant workers frequently take jobs that are physically demanding, provide low wages, and result in injuries (e.g., poultry production and processing). Through a qualitative approach, this paper elicits poultry workers’ evaluations of their jobs and set them in the larger context of their lives. Methods Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 65 poultry workers in western North Carolina. Workers were asked to discuss job characteristics, physical and psychological impacts of their employment, and perceived health risks. Results Immigrant workers valued the stability, benefits, upward mobility, and pay offered. They disliked the physical demands, the potential perceived effects of the job on their health, and the interactions with bosses and peers. Conclusions Workers’ willingness to endure dirty, dangerous, and demanding (3-D) conditions of poultry must be understood in the context of other employment options, structural violence, and their focus on immediate family needs that positive aspects of these jobs can fulfill. Am. J. Ind. Med. 9999:1–10, © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Signaling at the Nuclear Envelope

Publisher Summary This chapter focuses on the role that inner nuclear membrane (INM) proteins and lamins play in cellular signaling pathways and explains the cellular regulatory functions of nuclear pore complexes (NPC) proteins. Most INM proteins interact with lamins and/or chromatin, making them relatively resistant to Triton extraction and immobile in fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FRAP) analysis. The NE transmembrane proteins MAN1 and Dullard/NET56 act as regulators of transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)/bone morphogenic protein (BMP) signaling. Another NE protein that participates in BMP signaling is Dullard/NET56 that impairs BMP signaling through binding to BMP receptors and promoting their proteosomal degradation via the lipid raft-caveolar pathway. Dullard/NET56 is implicated in insulin signaling through the dephosphorylation of lipin, a mammalian phosphatidic acid phosphatase. Lipin is required for normal adipose tissue development and is central to nuclear membrane biogenesis and lipid signaling. Phosphorylation and localization of lipin is in part regulated by insulin. Proteins of the retinoblastoma protein (pRB) family repress gene expression from E2F responsive promoters. Hyperphosphorylation of pRB by cyclin dependent kinases (CDKs) releases suppression and allows the cells to transition from G1 phase into S-phase. In addition to cell cycle progression, pRB also controls numerous cellular events such as DNA repair, apoptosis, and differentiation. Nuclear factor кB (NFкB) is a key regulator of both adaptive and innate immune responses. It acts as an antiapoptotic transcription factor contributing to cell survival and metastatic potential. The expression from an NFкB activated reporter gene is significantly impaired in the LMNA-/- cells under mechanical stress and there is an increase in the proportion of both apoptotic and necrotic cells.
Disclosure of experience with oocyte cryopreservation.

Until measures of training and experience can be correlated with patient outcomes, information about a clinic's experience with egg freezing will not be useful in patient decision making.
GIS based 3-D landscape visualization for promoting citizen's awareness of coastal hazard scenarios in flood prone tourism towns

This research aims to develop a comprehensive geospatial method for visualizing GIS based 3-D landscape visualizations in flood prone tourism towns and geospatial web applications containing multimedia information. In particular, the research determines potentially vulnerable portions generated by the SLOSH and SLR models on a global scale, statistically computed by the historical shorelines and the most recent LiDAR-derived shoreline on a local scale. The flood risk areas selected in the global and local scales are assessed by a field trip survey and finally visualized through integration of GIS and remotely sensed LiDAR data. In order to visualize the GIS based 3-D landscape, the most accurate geographic objects are extracted through the LiDAR multiple return points flown in 2010. This research proposes improved accuracy for identifying the small geographic objects which can enhance a 3-D flooding visualization and then, the GIS based 3-D landscape is visualized based on three flood risk scenarios which have accurately georeferenced geographic information. Furthermore, this research develops a geospatial web application which allows the general public to communicate with coastal managers, or even policy makers, and which provides the chance to aid the public's participation in coastal management planning. Accordingly, the geospatial approaches used in this research not only help non-experts or policy makers have a better understanding of the coastal hazards through realistic visualization, but can also improve the public's spatial perception in the primary coastal tourism towns. Of significance, being able to predict future flooding portions is likely to become important as development of coastal areas continues. Thus, this research helps coastal residents improve lack of personal experience on the coastal hazards and communicate with the coastal management planners.
Other “Don’t Touch” Skull Lesions: Arachnoid Granulations, Calvarial Depressions, Hemangiomas, and Intraosseous Lipomas

This subsection describes a few miscellaneous normal variants of the skull that can mimic lytic lesions. These include the often encountered pacchionian granulations, calvarial depressions, and the quite uncommon intraosseous lipomas. Pacchionian (arachnoid) granulations on CT could appear nearly identical to calvarial depressions from vascular channels; indeed, this distinction can be arbitrary and only based on the observation that calvarial depressions are filled with a clearly contrast-enhancing vascular channel, while arachnoid granulations are most commonly (but not always) filled with the T2-bright signal intensity of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) on MRI, which suppresses/darken on FLAIR, uncommonly, these exhibit internal enhancement because of vasculature contained within. Intraosseous lipomas can be differentiated by their characteristic appearance and density on CT, although MRI can also help confirm that they are normal variants in questionable situations. Finally, calvarial hemangiomas can overlap with intraosseous lipomas if a hemangioma is small and T1-bright; however, larger hemangiomas have increasing enhancement, can be expansile, and can simulate lytic lesions such as metastases.
Reporting of Design Features and Analysis Details in Randomized Clinical Trials of Procedural Treatments for Cancer Pain: An ACTTION Systematic Review

Background and Objectives The objective of this study was to assess the reporting of randomized clinical trials investigating procedural treatments (eg, nerve blocks, targeted drug delivery) for cancer pain, with a focus on aspects that are particularly challenging in these trials. Methods This article presents results from a systematic review of reporting of randomized clinical trials of procedural interventions for cancer pain. Articles were identified by searching PubMed from 1966 to June 2014. Data related to quality of reporting are presented for early (1985–2004) and late periods (2005–2014). Results A total of 35 published trials were included. Approximately two-thirds of the articles clearly indicated the level of blinding. Only 26% reported a primary outcome measure. Less than half explicitly reported the number of patients who completed the trial, and only 1 reported a method that was used to accommodate missing data. Almost one-third of articles included a responder analysis, all of which specified the definition of a responder. Conclusions The goal of highlighting these deficiencies in reporting is to promote transparent reporting of details affecting the completion and interpretation of procedural cancer pain trials so that their quality can be more easily evaluated.
Conclusion: Aging, Second Language Acquisition, and Health

This chapter presents recommendations for improving elder language resocialization. Current literature highlights the growing need to build cultural and linguistic competency among older adult immigrants and those who will work with this population. However, there is also a need to find successful and practical strategies to assist aging Hispanics immigrants in their language resocialization. Assuring equal access to quality care, services, and setting will require that aging immigrants are themselves empowered and competent during second-language socialization. Successful aging for Hispanic immigrants will depend on research and policy efforts that explore how to bridge the cultural and linguistic gulf between the aging population and those that will work with them in the home or social institutions. In this way, the experience of Hispanic older adult immigrants is representative of the demographic heterogeneity of and issues affecting the aging community at large.
Studies of the synergistic effects of crosslink density and crosslink inhomogeneity on crosslinked PEO membranes for CO2-selective separations

Abstract Crosslinked poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) membranes are attractive for performing CO 2 separations. However, the effects of crosslink density on CO 2 separation performance vary widely among reported crosslinked PEO systems, while crosslink inhomogeneity, the uneven distribution of crosslinks in the network, has been largely unexplored. This work reports on a series of PEO-based, model crosslinked membranes with systematically varied crosslink density and crosslink inhomogeneity. Crosslink density was controlled via end-crosslinking commercial Jeffamine ® polyetheramines of specific molecular weight of 148, 600, 900, or 2000 g/mol with an epoxy terminated PEO; the distribution of crosslinks was controlled by the timed addition of PEO diamine oligomers of differing molecular weight. Three distinct series of networks were produced in increasing crosslink inhomogeneity levels: unimodal, bimodal, and clustered. It was found that while decreasing crosslink density is a prominent factor in increasing CO 2 permeability, further improvements in overall CO 2 separation performance were realized by adjusting crosslink inhomogeneity. In particular, both the bimodal and clustered films outperformed respective unimodal films in CO 2 permeability and CO 2 /H 2 selectivity, suggesting the important role of crosslink inhomogeneity in dictating gas transport properties. These crosslinked PEO films approach or surpass the most recent Robeson upper bounds for pure gas CO 2 /H 2 and CO 2 /N 2 separations, making them attractive membranes for H 2 purification and carbon capture.
How Men Experience Sexual Shame: The Development and Validation of the Male Sexual Shame Scale:

This article describes the development and validation of the Male Sexual Shame Scale (MSSS), which was designed to assess the components of sexual shame in men. Data came from two large, diverse, i...
Immunology of Vibrio cholerae

The problems of immunization against the cholera vibrios and the disease cholera, for which they are responsible, can best be appreciated using Fig. 1 as a frame of reference. The figure, kindly provided by Dr. Edward T. Nelson (Nelson et al., 1976), is a scanning electron micrograph of Vibrio cholerae organisms, magnified approximately 5000 times, adhering to the intestinal mucosal epithelium about 5 hr after their introduction into the lumen of an isolated ileal loop in an adult rabbit. [The adult rabbit ileal loop model, reintroduced by S. N. De (De and Chatterje, 1953), is widely used as an experimental system for the controlled investigation of aspects of pathogenicity and immunology of cholera and other enterotoxic enteropathies.] The tissue was extensively washed prior to its preparation for electron microscopy, so it is evident that the vibrios are adherent with a degree of firmness that resists detachment. The small bowel, in health, is normally relatively free of bacteria because of the efficiency of the normal clearance mechanisms, the mucus layer (Florey, 1933), and peristalsis (Dixon, 1960). Thus it also becomes evident that the cholera vibrios can, by their specific adhesive properties, circumvent the normal defensive barriers to colonize the small bowel in huge numbers in close association with the intestinal epithelium, the target tissue for their enterotoxin. Unlike shigellae and salmonellae, chol- era vibrios have never been shown to penetrate the intestinal epithelial cells, although they do occasionally insert themselves between the microvilli (Nelson et al., 1976). Accumulating evidence (Jones, 1975) permits one to state, axiomatically, that the ability to adhere to the intestinal mucosa is an important attribute of virulence of any nonpenetrating bacterial pathogen of the small bowel.
Diagnostic Liver Immunology

The vast majority of liver diseases involve, at least in part, an immunologic reaction either as a primary cause of liver injury or in response to an infectious agent. Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) are representative of the former while viral hepatitis B and C are typical of the latter. Historically, the diagnosis of a liver disease was based primarily on histology and in large part the types and locations of inflammatory cells within the liver parenchyma. This remains the case for alcoholic liver disease and the now epidemic fatty liver disease. However, increasingly specific liver disease diagnoses are made based upon specific immune responses signified by the presence of specific antibodies and other serologic findings. Currently, genetic tests in liver immunology are limited to HLA class II alleles in autoimmune hepatitis and hereditary hemochromatosis, the latter a result of variants in the HLA class I-like HFE gene resulting in dysregulation of the antimicrobial peptide hepcidin and subsequent iron overload. However, as our understanding of the genetic basis of liver diseases progresses, the use of individualized genetics will likely become increasing important in diagnosing many liver diseases and personalizing their treatments. In this chapter, we will review the common liver diseases with an immunologic basis with an emphasis on the diagnostic tools in current use (Table 4.1).
Canine Model of Pacing-Induced Heart Failure.

Tachypacing-induced heart failure is a well-established large animal model that recapitulates numerous pathophysiological, structural and molecular features of dilated cardiomyopathy and, more in general, of end-stage congestive heart failure. The left or the right ventricle is instrumented with pacing electrodes to impose supernormal heart rates, usually three times higher than baseline values, for a length of time that typically ranges between 3 and 5 weeks. The animal of choice is the dog, although this protocol has been successfully implemented also in pigs, sheep, and rabbits. This chapter provides detailed methodology and description of the dog model utilized in our laboratory, which is one of the variants described in literature. Chronic instrumentation is completed by adding probes and catheters necessary to obtain measures of cardiac function and hemodynamics and to withdraw blood samples from various vascular districts. The progression from compensated to decompensated heart failure is highly reproducible, therefore, due also to the phylogenetic proximity of dogs to humans, tachypacing-induced heart failure is considered a highly clinically relevant model for testing the efficacy of novel pharmacological and nonpharmacological therapeutic agents. This model typically produces heart failure as defined by an LV dP/dt max 25 mmHg, mean arterial pressure <85 mmHg, and an ejection fraction <35%. One can expect a mortality rate of 5-10% due to fatal arrhythmias.
Spatiotemporal Co-occurrence Pattern (STCOP) Mining

Given a dataset of event instances which are represented as trajectories of evolving region trajectories, spatiotemporal co-occurrence patterns (STCOPs) can be defined as subsets of event types, whose instances frequently co-occur in both space and time. STCOPs are the first type of spatiotemporal frequent patterns, we will derive from the evolving region trajectories. Our ultimate goal in discovering the prevalent STCOPs is first to determine which instances co-occur with each other, then to answer which combination of the event types are the most common among these co-occurring instances. Eventually, the discovered STCOPs are subsets of all event types in the given dataset. How we effectively and efficiently discover all the STCOPs from a given dataset is the main focus of this chapter. We will first formally define the terms for STCOP mining and later present the mining algorithms.
Imputation-based analysis of MICA alleles in the susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis.

A recent study has raised new questions about the independent association of MICA alleles with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).1 This letter highlights some important issues to be discussed in response to this article. The authors used imputation to genotype MICA and HLA-B27 in patients with AS and controls of European ancestry. The results appeared discordant with the previous report that showed a strong and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-B27 independent association between MICA*007:01 and AS in US and Chinese cohorts.2 A common finding was a significant high rate of MICA*007 in patient with AS. The …
Strengths model for youth case management: professionals’ perceptions of model impact on clients

The Strengths Model for case management has demonstrated success with adults, and has recently been adapted and piloted for youths aged 12–18 in a community mental health center in a Midwes...
Singlet Oxygen Quantum Yields Determined by Oxygen Consumption

Abstract Quantifying singlet oxygen production from triplet photosensitizers typically requires spectroscopic techniques and specialty chemical traps. Herein we describe a novel method for determining the singlet oxygen quantum yield (фΔ) of photosensitizers. The method utilizes the reaction between singlet oxygen and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to produce dimethyl sulfone. The rate of the reaction is measured by the pressure decrease that results from the consumption of oxygen from the headspace of a sealed system. It was found that the rate of pressure decrease was directly related to the singlet oxygen quantum yield. The фΔ from known photosensitizers: fluorescein, Eosin Y, Eosin B, methylene blue, and tris(bypridine)ruthenium (II) in DMSO were determined by the rate of pressure decrease using Rose Bengal as a relative standard. The singlet oxygen quantum yields of the photosensitizers in DMSO were found to be in agreement with the reported values for each photosensitizer determined using traditional spectroscopic methods.
Salting-out chromatography

Abstract The usefulness of salting-out chromatography to the analysis of amines is illustrated by separations of some complex mixtures The technique is applicable to primary, secondary, tertiary, aliphatic and atomatic amines Variables which affect the clution behavior are discussed and a method is provided by which the conditions necessary for the separation of a given mixture may be determined.