cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research on Vacancy rate and Idle Rate of Residential Houses Based on Power Data

The power industry is closely related to the national economic life. The residents’ life and production are increasingly inseparable from electricity, which makes the power industry produce a lot of data in daily life. With the continuous improvement of informational construction of power enterprises, power data has entered the era of big data. This paper firstly introduces the characteristics of power data in the era of big data, and outlines the typical data acquisition and transmission schemes of power system. Then, a model of vacancy rate and idle rate of residential house based on power data is proposed by using the relationship between residential electricity consumption and housing use status. Finally, the residential electricity consumption data in Chongqing are selected for calculation, and the practical value of the model is verified.
Toward a Pedagogy for Teaching Legal Writing in Law School Clinics

One of the major legal skills students use in almost every law school clinic is advanced legal writing. Clinicians spend many hours every week triaging student writing and coaching their students to produce practice-worthy documents. Yet advanced legal writing is not routinely addressed in clinic seminars and there is no clear methodology for teaching advanced legal writing through clinical supervision. This Article is among the first to propose a comprehensive pedagogy for teaching and supervising legal writing in clinic. Moreover, clinicians commonly experience the frustration that students seem to come to the clinic deficient in many legal writing skills. This Article identifies one of the causes as the "transfer of learning" phenomenon, in which the mind does not recognize applications for previous learning in new situations due to the change in context. One major premise of this transfer theory is that students need to be taught how to connect their clinical legal writing experiences to their previous legal writing instruction. Accordingly, this Article is also the first not only to introduce "transfer-friendly" teaching methods in the proposed pedagogy, but is also the first to detail a comprehensive, step-by-step model for collaboration between the clinic and legal writing programs. By discussing and practicing the methods described here, clinical programs can craft approaches that work for the unique needs of their clinics,students, and individual teaching philosophies, resulting in an educational experience that leaves students better-prepared for clinical and professional law practice.
Imaging Cardiac Sarcoidosis, Amyloidosis, and Cardiovascular Prosthetic Infections

Recent advances in molecular imaging have transformed the evaluation and management of patients with inflammatory and infiltrative heart diseases. Today, a number of radiotracers are available for early and accurate diagnosis of cardiac sarcoidosis, prosthetic device infection, and amyloidosis. Quantitative imaging data provide valuable information to tailor clinical management of these conditions. Imaging in conjunction with clinical presentation with or without biopsy, provides the foundation to manage patients. This chapter uses a case-based approach to illustrate the role of imaging in cardiac sarcoidosis, amyloidosis, and cardiovascular prosthetic infections.
COVID-19-Induced Hyperleucocytosis in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukaemia

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel coronavirus responsible for the current global pandemic, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) COVID-19 usually presents with respiratory symptoms but can affect multiple organ systems A wide spectrum of complications can occur depending upon the comorbidities of patients There is limited literature available regarding the presentation and outcome of COVID-19 in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) patients We report 2 cases of COVID-19-induced hyperleucocytosis (WBC count >100,000/mul) in CLL patients LEARNING POINTS: Lymphopenia has been associated with severe disease and is a poor prognostic factor in COVID-19 infected patients;however, our cases show COVID-19-induced hyperleucocytosis (WBC count >100,000/mul)/lymphocytosis in CLL patients Prior reports suggest that ibrutinib may have a protective effect against COVID-19 by decreasing inflammation and preventing progression to ARDS
Social inclusion and museum. Communities, places, narratives

This article shows a research on museum and public space design with cultural value. The article is divided into two parts. The first part shows the principles followed in the design activity of the author. Among the first is the principle of universal inclusion. The second part of the article shows a series of case studies. In particular, we show some museum and cultural accessibility projects. The text aims to demonstrate that cultural work cannot forget inclusion for all audiences. Any design work must understand that the accessibility theme is not a variant. The goal of inclusion is not an alternative. Disability characterizes the condition of the person in an unfavorable context. Designing favorable contexts is our mission. A context is favorable when it allows autonomy of the persons. An autonomy that allows you to measure your skills in order to increase them. All this in a relational dimension. Tactile maps, accessible books, museum displays: all opportunities for people's autonomy.
Blockchain Monitored Debt and Capital Structure under Moral Hazard

The unobservability of the borrower's action is a major reason that smaller enterprises face high financing costs and credit rationing. We show that bank loans fully monitored by blockchain allow poor firms with low working capital to eliminate this agency cost. Interestingly, this is achieved by financing all production using fully monitored debt and leaving all internal capital unused; because the use of private, unmonitored internal capital creates unobservability whereas all-debt financing provides full transparency of operations. In contrast, rich firms find it costly to eliminate moral hazard via transparency and they prefer a mix of internal capital and unmonitored debt to finance production. We identify the working capital level at which a firm is indifferent between using all-debt or mixed financing for production. A poor firm with working capital below this indifference level strictly prefers all-debt financing and a rich firm above the level strictly prefers a debt-equity mix. We extend our results to a supply chain and show that the entire supply chain benefits from the use of monitored debt by an individual firm. The "inefficient" bankruptcy cost can create value under blockchain by mitigating the deadweight loss due to decentralization.
Sustainability along the Yangtze: A Study Abroad Collaboration between Geography and Environmental Science

In 2011, we developed a new study abroad course in China as part of the University of Colorado Denver Global Study program. This program focuses on short-term, intensive, international field study ...
Feed-Forward Compensation for Model Predictive Control in Tri-port Current-Source Medium-Voltage String Inverters for PV-Plus-Storage Farms

The novel tri-port current-source medium-voltage string inverter (TCS-MVSI) is a promising candidate for large-scale PV-plus-storage (PVS) farms owing to its galvanic isolation, easy storage integration, soft-switching capability across entire load range, controlled low dv/dt and EMI, benign fault tolerance, etc. Due to its low inertia feature, traditional PI-based control cannot manage large transients effectively. Instead, a model-based predictive control (MPC) is proposed to achieve robust and stable operation. As is well known, the control performance of MPC is compromised by the sampling and computational delay during implementation significantly, if not well addressed. This paper analyzed and quantified these delays and then proposes feed-forward compensation (FFC) for the MPC method to compensate the delays and the large parameter variations due to the low-inertia nature. In addition, this method also compensates for the high dc-link ripple within each switching cycle, a unique issue for low-inertia converters. The proposed method requires low computational effort, allowing it to be extended for multiple ports. The effectiveness of the proposed method has been validated in experiments. In 10 kW test, the proposed method decreases the average dc-link current by 17%, leading to $\sim$20% conduction losses and $\sim$0.5% increase in converter efficiency. In addition, the peak dc-link current also decreases by 15%, resulting in reduced transformer size. As a result, an increased power density can be achieved with the proposed method. Similar improvements have been observed across the power range from 2 kW to 10 kW.
On the Description of Vowel and Consonant Harmony

(1965). On the Description of Vowel and Consonant Harmony. WORD: Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 244-250.
Dynamic Network Model for Predicting Occurrences of Salmonella at Food Facilities

Salmonella is among the most common food borne illnesses which may result from consumption of contaminated products. In this paper we model the co-occurrence data between USDA-controlled food processing establishments and various strains of Salmonella (serotypes) as a network which evolves over time. We apply a latent space model originally developed for dynamic analysis of social networks to predict the future link structure of the graph. Experimental results indicate predictive utility of analyzing establishments as a network of interconnected entities as opposed to modeling their risk independently of each other. The model can be used to predict occurrences of a particular strain of Salmonella in the future. That could potentially aid in proactive monitoring of establishments at risk, allowing for early intervention and mitigation of adverse consequences to public health.
Estimating Cortical Surface Motion Using Stereopsis for Brain Deformation Models

We present a method for estimating the 3-D structure of the cortical surface using an operating microscope whose binocular optics are fitted with two CCD cameras. The cortical surface is then tracked over time and the measured displacement can be used to drive FEM-based models for the recovery of subsurface brain deformations. We show the efficacy of this technique on a clinical case.
Male/Female Relations in the Commune: Progress or Regress?

Jon Wagner (ed.) Sex Roles in Contemporary American Communes. Bloomington, Indiana: Indiana University Press, 1982. vii+ 242 pp. $17.50 (paper)
Elevated Intracranial Pressure Diagnosis with Emergency Department Bedside Ocular Ultrasound

Bedside sonographic measurement of optic nerve sheath diameter can aid in the diagnosis of elevated intracranial pressure in the emergency department. This case report describes a 21-year-old female presenting with 4 months of mild headache and 2 weeks of recurrent, transient binocular vision loss. Though limited by patient discomfort, fundoscopic examination suggested the presence of blurred optic disc margins. Bedside ocular ultrasound (BOUS) revealed wide optic nerve sheath diameters and bulging optic discs bilaterally. Lumbar puncture demonstrated a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) opening pressure of 54 cm H2O supporting the suspected diagnosis of idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Accurate fundoscopy can be vital to the appropriate diagnosis and treatment of patients with suspected elevated intracranial pressure, but it is often technically difficult or poorly tolerated by the photophobic patient. BOUS is a quick and easily learned tool to supplement the emergency physician's fundoscopic examination and help identify patients with elevated intracranial pressure.
Cytokines and STAT signaling.

Publisher Summary Signal transducers and activators of transcription (STATs) represent a family of conserved proteins, seven of which have been identified in mammals. STATs are now known to play a significant role in signal transduction for most cytokines. Homologues of STATs have also been identified in lower eukaryotes. Janus kinases (JAKs) are receptor-associated tyrosine kinases that mediate the ligand dependent activation of STATs. These two protein families are the defining components of the JAK-STAT pathway. The JAK-STAT signaling paradigm has been well characterized for many ligands. This enables receptor-associated JAKs to become activated that, in turn, phosphorylate tyrosine motifs in the cytoplasmic tail of the receptor. These receptor tyrosine motifs are recognized by the src homology (SH)2 domains of STATs, thereby mediating the recruitment of the appropriate STAT to the receptor complex. Once at the receptor, JAKs phosphorylate STATs on a conserved tyrosine activated STATs are released from the receptor and dimerize through the interaction of the SH2 domain of one STAT with the phosphotyrosine of the other STAT. These dimers translocate to the nucleus, where they bind to the members of the GAS (IFN-gamma activation site) family of enhancers, culminating in the transcription of genes. Thus, STATs transduce high-fidelity signals directly from the cell surface to the target genes. In recent times, significant progress has been made in the characterization of the JAK-STAT signaling cascade. Important developments have included the establishment of murine “knockout” models and the resolution of the crystal structure of two STATs. Another exciting area of progress has been in the identification of molecules that modify signaling through the STAT pathway.
Depth from focus with your mobile phone

While prior depth from focus and defocus techniques operated on laboratory scenes, we introduce the first depth from focus (DfF) method capable of handling images from mobile phones and other hand-held cameras. Achieving this goal requires solving a novel uncalibrated DfF problem and aligning the frames to account for scene parallax. Our approach is demonstrated on a range of challenging cases and produces high quality results.
Theory-Based Causal Induction.

Inducing causal relationships from observations is a classic problem in scientific inference, statistics, and machine learning. It is also a central part of human learning, and a task that people perform remarkably well given its notorious difficulties. People can learn causal structure in various settings, from diverse forms of data: observations of the co-occurrence frequencies between causes and effects, interactions between physical objects, or patterns of spatial or temporal coincidence. These different modes of learning are typically thought of as distinct psychological processes and are rarely studied together, but at heart they present the same inductive challenge—identifying the unobservable mechanisms that generate observable relations between variables, objects, or events, given only sparse and limited data. We present a computational-level analysis of this inductive problem and a framework for its solution, which allows us to model all these forms of causal learning in a common language. In this framework, causal induction is the product of domain-general statistical inference guided by domain-specific prior knowledge, in the form of an abstract causal theory. We identify 3 key aspects of abstract prior knowledge—the ontology of entities, properties, and relations that organizes a domain; the plausibility of specific causal relationships; and the functional form of those relationships—and show how they provide the constraints that people need to induce useful causal models from sparse data.
Notes: Sexual Dimorphism of Pelvic Fin Shape in Four Species of Catostomidae

Abstract Pelvic fin dimorphism was used as an external indicator of sex of northern hog suckers Hypentelium nigricans, shorthead redhorses Moxostoma macrolepidotum, longnose suckers Catostomus catostomus, and white suckers Catostomus commersoni. Sex of the four species ofcatostomids examined can be determined externally by two calculations: (1) linear regression of the seventh pelvic fin ray length on fork length, (2) ratio of the lengths of the seventh and third pelvic fin rays. Depending upon the species, these methods were correct 91–96% of the time. Both techniques were valid for immature and mature catostomids over a range of fork lengths from 103 to 561 mm.
Increases in estrogen receptor-α concentration in breast cancer cells promote serine 118/104/106-independent AF-1 transactivation and growth in the absence of estrogen

A common phenotype in breast cancer is the expansion of the estrogen receptor-alpha (ER+) cell population and an inappropriate elevation of ERalpha protein, the latter predisposing patients for a poorer prognosis than those with lower levels of the receptor. A tetracycline-inducible ERalpha overexpression model was developed in the MCF-7 cell line to assess induction of endogenous gene activation and growth in response to elevations in ERalpha protein. Heightened levels of ERalpha resulted in aberrant promoter occupancy and gene activation in the absence of hormone, which was independent of ligand and AF-2 function. This increased receptor activity required the amino-terminal A/B domain and was not inhibited by tamoxifen, which supports an enhancement of AF-1 function, yet was independent of serine-104, 106, and 118 phosphorylation. Ligand-independent transcription was accompanied by an increase in growth in the absence of hormonal stimulation. The results suggest that elevated levels of ERalpha in breast cancer cells can result in activation of receptor transcriptional function in a manner distinct from classical mechanisms that involve ligand binding or growth factor-induced phosphorylation. Further, they describe a potential mechanism whereby increases in ERalpha concentration may provide a proliferative advantage by augmenting ERalpha function regardless of ligand status.
Performance improvement by a broadband super-luminescent diode light source in 1.7-μm spectroscopic spectral-domain optical coherence tomography for lipid distribution imaging in a coronary artery

We develop a 1.7-μm optical coherence tomography (OCT) system using a broadband light source based on superluminescent diodes (SLDs) and investigated the possibility of plaque detection by a spectroscopic OCT (S-OCT) method. The SLD-based light source realizes an output power about 20mW and a 3-dB bandwidth over 120nm for optimization of driving current in each SLD. Regarding performance of the 1.7-μm spectral-domain OCT system with the light source, the system sensitivity is 104dB in maximum at the A-scan rate of 47kHz, which is fifty times as high as that in the previous study with a super-continuum light source. Moreover, we perform visualization of lipid distribution at the A-scan frame of 47kHz by an in-vitro artery model which is made of a piece of porcine coronary artery and a lardfilled nylon tube as a plaque phantom. We confirm that the sensitivity and specificity between artery and plaque area in optimal condition for lipid detection at a specific frame image is over 90% and there are high lipid scores at the inside of plaque phantom in other frame images at the same condition. It indicates the possibility of plaque detection in intravascular OCT.
Free amino acid pools in muscle and hemolymph during the molt cycle of the land crab. Gecarcinus lateralis.

Abstract 1. 1. The total free amino acids in muscle water of the land crab, Gecarcinus luteralis , decrease almost 3-fold during the premolt period in comparison to the intermolt period (193 μM/g during intermolt and 67 μM/g during late premolt). 2. 2. This decrease is accounted for primarily by changes in the nonessential amino acids proline. glycine and alanine. At the same stage, several essential amino acids (lysine, methionine and tyrosine) increase 2- to 4-fold. 3. 3. Although free amino acid levels in hemolymph are lower and more variable than those in muscle, the same amino acids show similar molt-stage-related changes. 4. 4. The decreases in glycine and proline may be associated with the synthesis of the new exoskeleton and connective tissue during the premolt period.
Mediation of primary afferent peripheral hyperalgesia by the cAMP second messenger system

Abstract Cyclooxygenase (prostaglandin E 4 and prostaglandin I 2 ) and lipoxygenase [ 8(R),15(S)-dihydroxyicosa-(5E-9,11,13Z)-tetraenoic acid ] products of arachidonic acid metabolism are thought to produce peripheral hyperalgesia by a direct action on the primary afferent nociceptor. In this study we investigated the possibility that these eicosanoids generate hyperalgesia through a common second messenger in the rat. We report that 8-bromo cAMP, a membrane permeable analogue of cAMP, produces a dose-dependent hyperalgesia that is not affected by treatments that interrupt indirect routes of hyperalgesia production including sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine, depletion of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (a source of hyperalgesic eicosanoids) with hydroxyurea, or blockade of the cyclooxygenase pathway of arachidonic acid metabolism with indomethacin. The phosphodiesterase inhibitor isobutylmethylxanthine markedly prolongs the hyperalgesic effect of 8-bromo cAMP as well as those of the directly acting hyperalgesic agents prostaglandin E 4 , prostaglandin I 2 and 8( R ),15( S )-dihydroxyicosa(5 E -9,11,13 Z )-tetraenoic acid. We conclude that the effect of all known hyperalgesic eicosanoids is mediated by the cAMP second messenger system and suggest, therefore, that cAMP mediates peripheral hyperalgesia in primary afferent nociceptors.
Sequence Encoders Enable Large-Scale Lexical Modeling: Reply to Bowers and Davis (2009).

Sibley, Kello, Plaut, and Elman (2008) proposed the sequence encoder as a model that learns fixed-width distributed representations of variable-length sequences. In doing so, the sequence encoder overcomes problems that have restricted models of word reading and recognition to processing only monosyllabic words. Bowers and Davis (2009) recently claimed that the sequence encoder does not actually overcome the relevant problems, and hence it is not a useful component of large-scale word-reading models. In this reply, it is noted that the sequence encoder has facilitated the creation of large-scale word-reading models. The reasons for this success are explained and stand as counterarguments to claims made by Bowers and Davis.
The Role of Lysosomes in Molluscan Inflammation1

Phagocytosis and related phenomena represent integral features of inflammation in all metazoans. Reviewed herein are the results of studies directed at understanding the role(s) of lysosomal enzymes synthesized and released from circulating hemocytes, especially granulocytes, of gastropods and bivalves as a result of challenge with exogenous, nonself materials. From what is known, most of the mechanisms underlying this inflammation-associated process parallel those of mammalian macrophages; however, immunoglobulins and most probably components of complement are not involved. The required energy for phagocytosis in molluscs appears to be derived from glycolysis alone. Furthermore, nitroblue tetrazolium reduction and the myeloperoxidase-H2O2-halide antimicrobial system, both characteristic of mammalian phagocytes, appear to be absent in molluscs. It is concluded that by studying phagocytosis by molluscan hemocytes, a great deal can be learned about the evolution of inflammatory response and its constitutent elements.
An improved accuracy six-load component pedal dynamometer for cycling

Abstract This paper describes a new six-load component pedal dynamometer designed for study of knee overuse injury in cycling. A unique capability of the dynamometer is the ability to interface with multiple pedal platforms of varying height while maintaining a desired elevation of the foot above the pedal spindle axis. The dynamometer was designed using a concept described in an earlier article by Quinn and Mote (1991, Exp. Mech. 30 , 40–48) which measures shear strain across multiple, thin cross-sections. An optimal design technique was used for choosing dimensions of the load measuring cross-sections. A dynamometer was designed and built using the optimal results. Calibration, accuracy results, and sample data are presented. A comparison of accuracy reveals that the new dynamometer is more accurate than previously reported instruments.
Comparative analysis of large antenna spacecraft using the ideas system

A Land Mobile Satellite System (LMSS), capable of providing mobile communications for commercial and government applications in nonmetropolitan areas of the continental U.S. and Canada as an augmentation to existing and planned terrestrial systems, is being studied. The satellite system would provide 'narrow band' telecommunications services such as mobile radio, telephone, dispatch, safety, and special radio services, and thin-route fixed telephone and data services in the 806-890 MHz band and continuous emergency beacon monitoring in the 406-406.1 MHz band. A single Shuttle launch with an upper stage orbital transfer system would place the LMSS spacecraft in geosynchronous orbit over the continental U.S. in 1995 with a 10-year lifetime. The present investigation has the objective to evaluate, compare, and rank selected spacecraft concepts, to suggest design improvement to the individual concepts, and to identify technology needs.
Inhibition of IL-2 responsiveness following exposure to benzo(a)pyrene is due to alterations in accessory cell function.

Abstract The capacity of lymphocytes from C57B1/6 × C3H/HeN F1 (B6C3F1) mice to proliferate in vitro following exposure to benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) in vivo or in vitro was examined. Using two assay systems designed to examine the expression of IL-2 receptors without the production of IL-2, a dose-dependent inhibition in IL-2 dependent proliferation was observed in cultures of lymphocytes from animals exposed to BaP in vivo. A similar decrease was seen when lymphocytes were exposed to BaP in vitro. Admixing BaP-exposed and untreated macrophages and T-cells in culture demonstrated that the defect in IL-2 responsiveness resided exclusively within the macrophage compartment. Splenocytes from mice exposed in vivo to BaP showed a marked decrease in the percentage of cells expressing IL-2 receptor following three days of culture. No alterations were seen in the percentage of the Thy 1.2+ and L3T4+ cells. These results suggest that BaP causes an alteration in the macrophage signal(s) needed for the expression of IL-2 responsiveness. The resulting defect in IL-2 dependent proliferation may play a central role in BaP modulation of humoral immunity.
Frequency doubling in poled polymers using anomalous dispersion phase-matching

The authors report on a second harmonic generation in a poled polymer waveguide using anomalous dispersion phase-matching. Blue light ({lambda} = 407 nm) was produced by phase-matching the lowest order fundamental and harmonic modes over a distance of 32 {micro}m. The experimental conversion efficiency was {eta} = 1.2 {times} 10{sup {minus}4}, in agreement with theory. Additionally, they discuss a method of enhancing the conversion efficiency for second harmonic generation using anomalous dispersion phase-matching to optimize Cerenkov second harmonic generation. The modeling shows that a combination of phase-matching techniques creates larger conversion efficiencies and reduces critical fabrication requirements of the individual phase-matching techniques.
Bone mineral density, muscle strength, and recreational exercise in men

Muscle strength has been shown to predict bone mineral density (BMD) in women. We examined this relationship in 50 healthy men who ranged in age from 28 to 51 years (average 38.3 years). BMD of the lumbar spine, proximal femur, whole body, and tibia were measured by dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry (Hologic QDR 1000W). Dynamic strength using one repetition maximum was assessed for the biceps, quadriceps, and back extensors and for the hip abductors, adductors, and flexors. Isometric grip strength was measured by dynamometry. Daily walking mileage was assessed by 9 week stepmeter records and kinematic analysis of video filming. Subjects were designated as exercisers and nonexercisers. Exercisers participated in recreational exercise at least two times each week. The results demonstrated that BMD at all sites correlated with back and biceps strength (p < 0.01 to p = 0.0001). Body weight correlated with tibia and whole-body BMD (p < 0.001); age negatively correlated with Ward's triangle BMD (p < 0.01). In stepwise multiple regressions, back strength was the only independent predictor of spine and femoral neck density (R2 = 0.27). Further, back strength was the most robust predictor of BMD at the trochanter, Ward's triangle, whole body, and tibia, although biceps strength, age, body weight, and leg strength contributed significantly to BMD at these skeletal sites, accounting for 35-52% of the variance in BMD. Exercisers and nonexercisers were similar for walking (3.97 versus 3.94 miles/day), age (37.8 versus 38.5) years, and weight (80.0 versus 77.7 kg). However, BMD and muscle strength were significantly greater in exercises than in nonexercisers.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS).
AC impedance studies on nickel oxide electrodes to determine self-discharge characteristics of Ni-H2 batteries

AC impedance measurements were made on nickel oxide electrodes in an alkaline medium. The electrodes were prepared by electrodeposition of nickel oxide on nickel foils from a nickel nitrate solution. The main purpose of the investigation was to determine the dependence of impedance parameters on the state of charge of the electrode. The results demonstrated that the current phase shift and impedance modulus vary linearly with state of charge at low frequencies. Hence, the state of charge can be estimated from the values of phase shift and modulus. The state of charge of nickel electrodes exposed to argon and hydrogen was determined at various time intervals. It was found that the electrode exposed to hydrogen discharged faster than that exposed to argon, indicating that hydrogen enhances the self-discharge rate of nickel oxide electrodes.
Still so far to go.

1. Millburg S. Settlement: radiologists can’t admit patients. Radiology Daily, December 6, 2012. Available at: www.radiologydaily.com/daily/interven tional-radiology/settlement-radiologists-cant-admit-patients. Accessed March 11, 2013. 2. HealthImaging.com. Missed radiology handoff sparks two lawsuits and policy change, December 2012. Available at: www.healthimaging.com/ topics/practice-management/missed-radiology-handoff-sparks-two-law suits-policy-change. Accessed March 11, 2013. 3. Orlowski J. Re: Paul Gross as Guardian and Conservator of the Estate of Lyn Gross v. Washington Hospital Center, Civil Action 2012CA007190 B [letter dated December 6, 2012]. Available at: www.protectpatientsblog.com/Dr% 20Orlowski%20Letter.12-4-12.pdf. Accessed March 11, 2013. 4. Malone P. A true story of aneurysm medical malpractice; December 5, 2012. Available at www.patrickmalonelaw.com/a-true-story-of-aneurysmmedical-malpractice.html. Accessed March 11, 2013. 5. White RI, Rizer DM, Shuman KR, et al. Streamlining operation of an admitting service for interventional radiology. Radiology 1988; 168:127–130.
Response of oral epithelia to ovariectomy and estrogen replacement.

Ovariectomies were performed on 8 squirrel monkeys. Four of the animals received 0.1 mg estradiol benzoate intramuscularly 3 times per week for 4 months. One hour prior to sacrifice all animals received H3-thymidine. Sections of vagina, buccal mucosa and gingiva were processed for hematoxylin and eosin staining and autoradiographs. Measurements were made of the basemined membrane/mm of surface length, the number of basal cells/mm of basement membrane determined and a labeling index for basal cells established. The animals which had received estradiol benzoate exhibited a thick vaginal epithelium in contrast to the other animals which showed a thin and often ulcerated epithelial covering. The vaginal epithelium of the estrogen treated ovariectomized animals had longer rete pegs, fewer basal cells/mm of basement membrane and a higher labeling index than those animals not receiving estrogen. The epithelium of the buccal mucosa was significantly different in the same direction as the vagina by all three criteria. The gingival epithelium showed no significant differences by two of the three criteria.
Surface EMG electrodes do not accurately record from lumbar multifidus muscles

Abstract Objective. This study investigated whether electromyographic signals recorded from the skin surface overlying the multifidus muscles could be used to quantify their activity. Design. Comparison of electromyography signals recorded from electrodes on the back surface and from wire electrodes within four different slips of multifidus muscles of three human subjects performing isometric tasks that loaded the trunk from three different directions. Background. It has been suggested that suitably placed surface electrodes can be used to record activity in the deep multifidus muscles. Methods. We tested whether there was a stronger correlation and more consistent regression relationship between signals from electrodes overlying multifidus and longissimus muscles respectively than between signals from within multifidus and from the skin surface electrodes over multifidus. Results. The findings provided consistent evidence that the surface electrodes placed over multifidus muscles were more sensitive to the adjacent longissimus muscles than to the underlying multifidus muscles. The R2 for surface versus intra-muscular comparisons was 0.64, while the average R2 for surface-multifidus versus surface-longissimus comparisons was 0.80. Also, the magnitude of the regression coefficients was less variable between different tasks for the longissimus versus surface multifidus comparisons. Conclusions. Accurate measurement of multifidus muscle activity requires intra-muscular electrodes. Relevance Electromyography is the accepted technique to document the level of muscular activation, but its specificity to particular muscles depends on correct electrode placement. For multifidus, intra-muscular electrodes are required.
Evaluation of friction forces in the 0·022 × 0·028 edgewise bracket in vitro

Abstract A study of two quantities is presented in the article: (1) Force needed to overcome friction, and (2) Coefficients of friction. Different bracket-archwire-angulation combinations are quantified to show relative comparisons for wires and brackets used clinically. Wires studied are 0·014, 0·016, 0·018, 0·020 round and 0·018 × 0·025, 0·021 × 0·025 rectangular. Three widths of brackets are investigated; 0·180, 0·135, 0·100, and four angulations are studied 0, 5, 10, 15 deg. All seventy-two possible combinations are measured both dry and with saliva acting as a lubricant.
Sensitivity analysis of experimental data. II. new Coefficients

This paper continues our examination of how sensitivity techniques may be adapted to the analysis of experimental data. Several new kinds of sensitivity coefficients, deriving from a fresh perspective on our earlier work, are obtained. The new coefficients take in a plethora of relationships between experimental observables, fitted model parameters, and criteria for the fit. We discuss the significance of the various coefficients. Finally the work is summarized and a parallel problem in the pure modeling domain of sensitivity theory is noted.
Periodic DFT and High-Resolution Magic-Angle-Spinning (HR-MAS) 1H NMR Investigation of the Active Surfaces of MgCl2-Supported Ziegler−Natta Catalysts. The MgCl2 Matrix

“Classical” MgCl2-supported Ziegler−Natta catalysts (ZNCs) continue to dominate the industrial production of isotactic polypropylene. There is a growing awareness of the inherent competitive edge of these low-cost systems over single-center (primarily metallocene) catalysts and of the potential for further improvement, particularly if deeper insight into the structure of the catalytic surfaces and the mechanisms of their modification by means of electron donors can be achieved. In the framework of a project ultimately aiming at the implementation of ZNCs with known and controlled surface structures, we are revisiting this whole area by using a combination of advanced computational (periodic DFT) and spectroscopic (high-resolution magic-angle-spinning 1H NMR spectroscopy) tools. In this article, we report on the neat MgCl2 matrix and on model MgCl2/electron-donor adducts. The results indicate that the (104) surface, with five-coordinate Mg cations, is the dominant lateral termination in well-formed large c...
Development of a Potential Fe2O3-Based Photocatalyst Thin Film for Water Oxidation by Scanning Electrochemical Microscopy: Effects of Ag−Fe2O3 Nanocomposite and Sn Doping

Ag−Fe2O3 and Sn-doped Ag−Fe2O3 nanocomposite photocatalysts were optimized by scanning photoelectrochemical microscopy (SPECM) as a potential photoelectrochemical material for visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm). The photocurrent vs potential response and the action spectra were investigated in a three-electrode cell. Among different mole ratios, the composition of nanocomposite with 50% Ag−50% Fe (atomic percentage) showed a dramatic improvement in photocurrent on a thin film electrode under visible light (λ ≥ 420 nm). The addition of 2 atomic % Sn (relative to Fe) produced an Ag−Fe2O3 nanocomposite with the largest photocurrent in alkaline solution under visible light irradiation (λ ≥ 420 nm).
Experience of social role strain in Korean women with type 2 diabetes

Aim To expand our understanding of the experience of social role strain in the context of diabetes care among middle-aged married Korean women with type 2 diabetes. Background Diabetes remains an international concern. There are special challenges experienced by middle-aged married women who may not prioritize self-care and disease management. These challenges may be heightened in certain cultures due to traditional female and family roles along with other social norms and values. Design Descriptive qualitative study. Methods This qualitative descriptive study involves in-depth interviews conducted between January-February 2007 with ten middle-aged married Korean women purposively selected to represent both higher and lower levels of role strain as measured by the measure of role gratification and strain instrument from the companion study, which was conducted simultaneously. Findings Korean women in this study reported 'resentment regarding previous role strain'. This psychosocial burden was heightened by a noted pattern of 'sacrificing self in favour of others', which complicated both their personal lives and their ability to take care of themselves physically. Added to this were feelings of guilt related to their diabetes and the requirements of day-to-day management expressed as, 'my diabetes makes me a liability'. Conclusion The women's role-strain experience related to their diabetes was intertwined with their past and current daily life. Further explication and interventions to address and manage role strain could potentially improve women's disease management and overall quality of life.
Histochemical study of 3β-, 3α-, 11β-, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in the adrenocortical tissue and the corpuscles of stannius of Fundulus heteroclitus ☆

Abstract The adrenocortical tissue and the corpuscles of Stannius of male Fundulus heteroclitus were assayed histochemically for 3β-, 3α-, 11β-, and 17β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (HSD) activities at certain intervals during the sexual cycle. In addition, glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G-6-PD), lactic dehydrogenase (LD), and NADH 2 -diaphorase were also studied. The adrenocortical tissue exhibited an activity for all the enzymes studied; the degree of activity, however, differed considerably. All the 3β-hydroxysteroids employed as substrates were utilized by the adrenocortical tissue, and the reactions recorded with some of these compounds were very strong. 3α-HSD was not as active in the adrenocortical tissue as it was in the kidney tubules as shown with 3α-hydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one. When 3α,11β-dihydroxy-5α-androstan-17-one was employed as substrate, a distinct reaction was found in the adrenocortical tissue. The activity of 17β-HSD was demonstrated with 3,17β-dihydroxyestra-1,3,5(10)-trien (17β-estradiol), 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one, 17β-hydroxyandrost-4-en-3-one (testosterone), and 17β-hydroxy-5β-androstan-3-one. The NAD-linked activity of 3α-, 11β-, and 17β-HSD was found to be somewhat higher than the NADP-linked activity. Very strong reactions for G-6-PD, LD, and NADH 2 -diaphorase were observed in the adrenocortical tissue. No considerable change in the activity of the enzymes demonstrated in the adrenocortical tissue was detected in relation to the sexual cycle. In the corpuscles of Stannius, no histochemically demonstrable reaction occurred with the 3β-, 3α-, 11β-, and 17β-hydroxysteroids tested with either NAD or NADP. These organs showed no appreciable reaction for G-6-PD either. A positive reaction for LD and NADH 2 -diaphorase was demonstrated. Further details of the results have been considered, and the data obtained are discussed in relation to biochemical and histochemical findings on the enzymes in adrenocortical tissue and corpuscles of Stannius.
The effect of rotavirus immunization on rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalization rates in military dependents

We conducted a retrospective review of all U.S. military dependents less than 5 years old hospitalized with rotavirus-associated gastroenteritis from July 2003 to June 2009. The two post-vaccine seasons showed a significant reduction of 62.4% (95% CI, 58.6-65.8, P<0.001) in rotavirus gastroenteritis hospitalization rate compared to the three pre-vaccine seasons. Infants less than 12 months old showed the greatest reduction in incidence at 75.3%. A substantial decrease was also seen in unvaccinated children as well. Vaccine efficacy against hospitalization was 86.0% (95% CI, 77.7-91.3) after just a single dose. The overwhelming majority of children hospitalized for rotavirus since the introduction of the vaccine (ranging from 91.8 to 100% per season) had not received any of the rotavirus vaccine series.
An evaporation study for phthalic acids—A rapid method for pharmaceutical characterization

The objective of this study was to develop and analyze an analytical method in order to evaluate preformulation candidates by their thermodynamic parameters and evaporation characteristics. Ortho, meta and tere-phthalic acids were chosen as model compounds. The relative advantages and disadvantages of a rapid thermogravimetric method have been studied in detail, which would aid in the preformulation characterization for pharmaceuticals. Methyl paraben was taken as the model compound for calibration, as its evaporation characteristics are well known. Using the Antoine and the Langmuir equation for evaporation conjointly, the parameter k, known as the coefficient of evaporation was determined. The value for this constant was validated by three methods simultaneously. Previously the use of such methods for compounds having uninhibited zero order evaporation has been documented. In the present study, phthalic acid was chosen as the model compound since its evaporation is a two-step overlapping phenomenon. In this study we have shown the use of Pressure Differential Scanning Calorimetry in separating such simultaneous endothermic processes. The Clausius-Clapeyron equation seemingly has anomalous behavior for vapor pressure over high temperature ranges. In this study a modification of the equation has been suggested to take into account the changes in the heat capacities that result due to high temperature effects. This study aims at documenting a concise method for rapid pharmaceutical characterization and suggests modifications for some basic thermodynamic parameters over higher temperature ranges.
Renal epithelial polarity in health and disease

Epithelial cells mediate the unidirectional movement of selective compounds from one biological compartment to another. This is accomplished by having biochemically, structurally, and functionally distinctive apical and basolateral surface membrane domains separated by the cells' junctional complex. Derangement of this highly ordered situation can result in cell injury, dysfunction, and even death. For renal epithelial cells, both ischemia and polycystic kidney disease are known to result in a loss of surface membrane polarity. In both disease processes, this in turn plays an important role in cell and organ dysfunction.
DEVELOPMENT OF ORGAN BLOOD FLOWS IN THE FETAL AND NEONATAL BABOON

Subhuman primates are frequently used as models of human perinatal physiology and pathology. In order to obtain normal data for organ growth and blood flow 65 measurements were made on baboons from 115 days gestation (term 184 days) to age 8 weeks during acute surgical experiments using the radioactive microsphere method to estimate cardiac output and organ blood flow. From 115 days to term, while body weight triples, biventricular cardiac output per kg body weight increases by about 50% -- a level that is maintained postnatally from birth to 8 weeks while body weight increases about 50%. Brain weight increases by about 150% during the last third of pregnancy while blood flow increases almost 6-fold. There is a significant decrease in cerebral blood flow in the transition from fetus to neonate but increased blood oxygen content maintains oxygen delivery at the prepartum level. Postnatally there is a 25% increase in brain weight and a comparable increase in blood flow with all of the increase in blood flow distributed to the cerebral cortex. In contrast, renal growth and blood flow over the age-span studied parallel changes in total body growth accounting for about 0.6% of body weight and about 4% of biventricular cardiac output.
The Genetic Basis for Cardiomyopathy: from Mutation Identification to Mechanistic Paradigms

We are grateful to Steven DePalma and Susanne Bartlett for their invaluable assistance in preparation of figures for this review. This work was supported by grants from N.H.L.B.I. and the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Lab-on-a-chip for optical manipulation of single cells

We present a new class of integrated optical devices, fabricated by femtosecond laser micromachining, that allows for mechanical probing, fluorescence detection and sorting of single cells by means of optical forces inside a microfluidic chip.