cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Treatment of an Angio-Seal-related vascular complication using the SilverHawk plaque excision system: a case report.

The Angio-Seal™ is a user-friendly and safe arterial closure device increasingly used after percutaneous diagnostic and interventional procedures. Although it achieves rapid hemostasis and facilitates early patient mobilization, its use can be associated with vascular complications. A specific problem related to the device is protrusion of the collagen plug into the artery, causing either acute occlusion or symptomatic stenosis. When this occurs, treatment with balloon angioplasty alone is usually suboptimal, while stenting of the common femoral artery may be undesirable. In this report we describe a novel application of the SiverHawk™ plaque excision system to treat a highly eccentric stenosis at the site of a previously deployed Angio-Seal. Since the device allows preferential cutting in the direction of the lesion and collagen plug debulking, it may be ideally suited to treat this complication without the need for stenting of the common femoral artery. © 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
A prospective on macrocybernetic process management systems

Abstract In an editorial in the February 1996 issue of Technological Forecasting and Social Change Professor Linstone noted that “the rapid pace of technology has not been matched by the pace of human change.” Were we to drop our perspective a bit lower, a similarly troublesome imbalance within technology itself becomes apparent: the rapid rate of increase in the complexity of process-related technologies relative to the much slower rate of increase in the sophistication of process control systems. The conclusion at which most technological forecasts seem to arrive is that there will be a continuation—perhaps even an acceleration—of the trend toward more intricate and sweepingly extensive processes (production-related and otherwise). If so, there is the specter of a steadily increasing shortfall between requirements and capabilities, and hence the likelihood of even grander technological embarrassments. This article considers two ways in which this shortfall might be kept in check. Increases in the intricacy of processes can be met, and to a considerable extent are already being met, by exchanging conventional process control facilities for enhanced alternatives. Less certain is how expansions of project scope might best be accommodated. One possibility is to consider exchanging process control systems for broader-purview process management systems. Hence the focus in this article is on prospects for the development of macrocybernetic constructs.
Redundancy of information content in the genome of mammalian species as a protective mechanism determining aging rate.

Abstract Redundancy of information content in the genome of mammalian species may serve as a genetic protective mechanism by insuring a minimum degree of essential information to remain mutation-free over a given length of time. This type of redundancy can provide protection against mutations caused by either random base modification or by replication errors. If the resultant mutation rate is significant, then the degree of redundancy contained in a genome would be expected to play an important role in determining its functional lifespan which may, in turn, determine the aging rate of the entire organism. The possible correlation between the amount of redundant information and the aging rate of different mammalian species was evaluated by a comparison of the nucleotide sequence complexity and the redundancy of ribosomal and messenger RNA genes. No clear correlation was found between percentage reiterated nucleotide sequences or the amount of ribosomal gene redundancy and aging rate. However, there does appear to be a general decrease in the percentage usage of ribosomal and transfer RNA genes as a mammalian species' aging rate decreases. In addition, genes only involved in transcribing messenger RNA in the brain tissues of mouse, cow and human were found to increase by an average redundancy value of 1.3, 1.5, and 2.1, respectively. These results are discussed with respect to a unified theory of aging for mammalian species.
Understanding terra-cotta distress: Evaluation and repair approaches

This paper will provide a brief history of terra-cotta veneer systems in general and specifically representative examples of terra-cotta-clad building systems in the United States. Through case studies, various types of distress, the causes of distress, and repair techniques of the distress will be discussed. Distress in terra-cotta facades often manifests as cracking or displacement of terra-cotta units. More than other modern curtain wall systems, terra-cotta is a hybrid system and distress may result from a number of causes. Common repairs including replacement, removal, and reinstallation, and in situ through face pinning may all be appropriate depending on the cause of distress. The underlying cause of distress must be understood, so that a durable repair and appropriate maintenance programme can be established.
Medicines in the 21st century Or pills, politics, potions, and profits: Where is public policy?

The delivery of health care over the past century, including drugs for the past 60 years, has brought significant gains to the overall health of the world population. The recent advances in genomics carry the promise, as yet not fulfilled, of far greater benefits perhaps, as far as molecular medicines are concerned of actually delivering Paul Ehrlich's “magic bullet.” However, the delivery of currently available health benefits to the world has been remarkably non-uniform and the major fraction of the world's population still remains inadequately served by basic public health services, including clean water and sanitation. Additionally, this same population is devastated by diseases including malaria, tuberculosis, and AIDS. This discrepancy in health care parallels the economic disparities that exist between nations and that are in fact increasing rather than decreasing. The absence of health care is a driving force for the generation and maintenance of poverty. The issue is less science than it is public policy and the will of the rich world to generate the infrastructural environments under which the rewards of science can be shared equitably. The delivery of biomedical science in the future is discussed both in terms of the science that will drive advances and the public policy issues that must be implemented to ensure delivery of scientific benefits. Drug Dev. Res. 59:269–291, 2003. © 2003 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
The Transcription Factor IRF3 Triggers “Defensive Suicide” Necrosis in Response to Viral and Bacterial Pathogens

Although molecular components that execute noninflammatory apoptotic cell death are well defined, molecular pathways that trigger necrotic cell death remain poorly characterized. Here, we show that in response to infection with adenovirus or Listeria monocytogenes, macrophages in vivo undergo rapid proinflammatory necrotic death that is controlled by interferon-regulatory factor 3 (IRF3). The transcriptional activity of IRF3 is, surprisingly, not required for the induction of necrosis, and it proceeds normally in mice deficient in all known regulators of necrotic death or IRF3 activation, including RIPK3, caspases 1, 8, or 11, STING, and IPS1/MAVS. Although L. monocytogenes triggers necrosis to promote the infection, IRF3-dependent necrosis is required for reducing pathogen burden in the models of disseminated infection with adenovirus. Therefore, our studies implicate IRF3 as a principal and nonredundant component of a physiologically regulated necrotic cell-death pathway that operates as an effective innate immune mechanism of host protection against disseminated virus infection.
Expert system models for inference with imperfect knowledge: A comparative study

Abstract This paper presents a detailed comparative study of six major, leading methods for reasoning based on imperfect knowledge: (1) Bayes' rule, (2) Dempster-Shafer theory, (3) fuzzy set theory, (4) Mycin Model, (5) Cohen's system of inductive probabilities, and (6) a class of non-monotonic reasoning methods. Each method is presented and discussed in terms of theoretical content, a detailed numerical example, and a list of strengths and limitations. Purposely, the same numerical example is addressed by each method such that we are able to highlight the assumptions, and computational requirements that are specific to each method in a consistent manner.
Analyzing-power measurements in the 48Ca(p,n)48Sc reaction at 134 MeV.

Analyzing-power measurements were performed for the $^{48}\mathrm{Ca}$(p,n${)}^{48}$Sc reaction at 134 MeV in about 6\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} steps from 0\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to 60\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}. The overall neutron energy resolution varied from about 400 keV for angles out to 42\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{} to about 700 keV at wider angles. Analyzing-power angular distributions were extracted for the (\ensuremath{\pi}${f}_{7/2}$,\ensuremath{\nu}${f}_{7/2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) octet of states, the ${1}^{+}$ Gamow-Teller giant resonance, and the T=4, ${1}^{+}$ state at ${E}_{x}$=16.8 MeV. All of these angular distributions are described reasonably well by ``standard'' distorted-wave impulse approximation calculations. A qualitative difference is observed in the analyzing power between the transitions to the low-lying ${0}^{+}$ and ${1}^{+}$ states compared to the transition to the high-lying ${1}^{+}$ state. This difference appears to be associated with a sensitivity to the predominant particle-hole structure of the final states, viz., (\ensuremath{\pi}${f}_{7/2}$,\ensuremath{\nu}${f}_{7/2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$) versus (\ensuremath{\pi}${f}_{5/2}$,\ensuremath{\nu}${f}_{7/2}^{\mathrm{\ensuremath{-}}1}$). This sensitivity is ascribed to the difference in nonlocality contributions to the two different 1p1h excitations. Excitation-energy plots of the analyzing power were extracted at each angle. No characteristic signature of spin-transfer strength is observed in the region of the Gamow-Teller giant resonance.
Characteristics of child abuse homicides in the state of Kansas from 1994 to 2007

Abstract Objective This study described the epidemiology of child abuse homicides in the state of Kansas from 1994 to 2007. It focused on obtaining significant details on all recorded child abuse homicides in Kansas during this time frame to provide critical information that can be used for future preventive measures. Methods A retrospective case review was conducted on data gathered by the Kansas State Child Death Review Board for all cases of “child abuse homicides” that occurred from 1994 to 2007. Results A total of 170 child abuse homicide cases in Kansas between 1994 and 2007 were identified. The majority of these cases (63.5%) were considered fatal child physical abuse. There was a predominance of female victims (55.9%). The vast majority of victims were White (78.8%), followed by Black (17.1%). One to 2-year-olds accounted for the largest age group of children who were victimized (33.5%). For cases with known prenatal care status, 74% of mothers received adequate prenatal care. The largest percentage of victims was children of single mothers (40.6%), with no prior history of child abuse (60%). The majority of deaths occurred in the victim's residence (81.8%). The greatest number of deaths occurred secondary to abusive head trauma (42.9%), followed by asphyxia (21.8%). When a trigger was known, 44.2% involved inconsolable crying. The most common perpetrator was the victim's biological father (26.6%), followed by the victim's biological mother (24.9%), then the victim's mother's male paramour (19.8%). Conclusions Familiarity with characteristics involved in child abuse homicide allows for opportunities to enlist important preventive measures. Most child abuse homicides occurred at the hands of the victim's biological parents and in the victim's own residence. Prevention should be focused on parent education and coping mechanisms for the frustrating features of crying in normal infants that lead to shaking or abuse.
Semiconductor Probe Measurements in Beagle Pups during Deciduous Tooth Development

Bone-seeking radio pharmaceuticals were used together with clinical and radiographic procedures to study tooth development in dogs. Similarities in the pattern and time course of radiopharmaceutical uptake in jaw areas studied suggest that changes in alveolar bone metabolism are not closely related to eruption times of individual teeth.
Intrepid Exploring: Looking Past Fears of Short-Term Memory Loss in Aging to Deploy the Brain's Long-Term Memories and—Wisdom

Exaggerated fears about losses as we age, especially as exemplified by inimical cultural stereotypes about transient short-term memory losses, may effectively prevent older individuals from enjoying the changes in their memory patterns. In later life, a lifetime of memories may spontaneously begin returning to us as we age. New cognitive science research seems to confirm insights from literature and depth psychology that older individuals are uniquely qualified to be explorers, as the poet T.S. Eliot has said they should be. Unlike the brains in younger years, older brains have “broad attention spans” that look beyond narrow boundaries as they search and explore the world about them. This essay includes World Wide Web URLs to 22 minutes of video documenting one 62-year-old woman's exploration of long-term memories in a life-review memoir. She wrote the memoir in a lifelong learning class, as a way of harvesting a part her long-term memory about a childhood trauma, and as a way of helping assuage the traum...
SELECTION OF RNAS THAT BIND TO DUPLEX DNA AT NEUTRAL PH

Abstract RNAs that are capable of binding duplex DNA in a site-specific manner have potential applications in gene therapy strategies. Such RNAs might be targeted to DNA sequences in a gene promoter and prevent initiation of transcription by occluding transcription factors and/or RNA polymerases. RNA oligonucleotides that bind homopurine/homopyrimidine DNA sequences by forming triple-helical complexes involving T·A·T and C+·G·C base-triplets can be rationally designed. However, the formation of such pyrimidine motif triple helices typically requires mildly acidic conditions. In addition, the proper oligonucleotide sequence must be optimally presented within a longer RNA transcript if it is to be synthesizedin vivo. To address these issues, RNAs were selected from pools of random sequences for binding to a homopurine/homopyrimidine DNA sequence. RNAs selected for binding the duplex DNA target between pH 6.5 and pH 7.4 were characterized by sequence analysis and binding studies. All RNAs isolated by selection and amplification were found to contain a pyrimidine recognition sequence for binding the duplex DNA targetviaconventional triple helix formation. The selected ≈85 nt RNAs have dissociation constants that approach, but do not surpass, the binding affinity of a 21 nt RNA oligonucleotide that binds the DNA target sequence by forming a canonical triple helix. The presence of a pyrimidine recognition sequence within a longer RNA transcript is not sufficient for high affinity. Experimental data and secondary structure predictions suggest that the context of the pyrimidine recognition sequence within selected RNAs is a very important determinant of DNA binding affinity. These studies provide insight into the development of RNA transcripts that may function as gene-specific repressors by forming triple helices with DNAin vivo.
Does air travel affect pregnancy outcome

Methods To evaluate if air travel affects pregnancy outcome, all women with singleton, non anomalous fetuses, admitted for delivery at a gestational age >20.0 weeks over a 6-month period were asked if they traveled by airflight during pregnancy, including details of the destination and length of their flights and any complications during the travel. Pregnancy outcome was obtained by chart review. Statistical analysis included Student’s t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi square, Fisher’s exact test where appropriate, and linear and logistic regression analysis, with p<0.05 considered significant.
Nasal versus oral midazolam for sedation of anxious children undergoing laceration repair

Study objective: To compare the efficacy and safety of a singledose of midazolam, as an oral solution of 0.5 mg/kg, or nasal drops of 0.25 mg/kg, in children undergoing emergency department laceration repair. Design: Double-blind, double-placebo, randomized trial.Children underwent standard wound care when judged to demonstrate a reduction in anxiety following study medication. Participants: Fifty-eight patients between 1 and 10 years of age with uncomplicated lacerations judged to be anxious by emergency physicians. Results: An anxiety score and vital signs were recorded at routine intervals. Groups were comparable with respect to age, laceration characteristics, initial vital signs, and anxiety scores. Both groups demonstrated reductions (mean±SD) in anxiety scores over time ( P U test: minimum detectable difference, 0.7, with α=0.05 and β=0.2). Complications were judged to be minor only, and were more frequent in the nasal group (5 of 28, 4 with nasal burning) versus 1 of 26 in the oral group. Time from midazolam to ED discharge was not significantly different between groups: nasal, 54±15 minutes and oral, 57±16 minutes. Conclusion: A single dose of oral or nasal midazolam results in reduced anxiety and few complications in selected children undergoing laceration repair in the ED. The oral route was associated with fewer administration problems.
2′-Deoxyadenosine selectively kills nonneuronal cells without affecting survival and growth of chick dorsal root ganglion neurons

Abstract Recently, we have demonstrated that adenosine and 2′-deoxyadenosine are toxic to embryonic sympathetic neurons and proposed that purine and pyrimidine metabolism may play a critical role in the growth and development of sympathetic neurons. To extend this hypothesis further, we examined the effects of these nucleosides on two other neuronal populations in the chick embryo, sensory dorsal root ganglion neurons and parasympathetic ciliary ganglion neurons. Now, we show that 2′-deoxyadenosine and adenosine have no visible adverse effect on the viability of either sensory or parasympathetic neurons. Instead, 2′-deoxyadenosine proved to be highly toxic to the nonneuronal cells. The toxic effects of 2′-deoxyadenosine were markedly enhanced by inhibition of adenosine deaminase. In contrast, adenosine was much less toxic to nonneuronal cells than 2′-deoxyadenosine and its effect was not potentiated by inhibition of adenosine deaminase. Priming of pyrimidine pools by exogenous uridine and the specific inhibitor of the nucleoside transporter, nitrobenzylthioinosine, did not protect nonneuronal cells from 2′-deoxyadenosine toxicity. Since phosphorylation of internalized nucleosides was a key step in the initiation of toxicity in sympathetic neurons, adenosine kinase activity was compared in sensory and sympathetic neuronal cultures. The adenosine kinase activity in dorsal root ganglion cultures was only 20% of that in sympathetic ganglion cultures. Furthermore, inhibition of phosphorylation by blocking 2′-deoxyadenosine kinase with iodotubercidin and 5′-amino-5′-deoxyadenosine had no protective effect against 2′-deoxyadenosine toxicity. [ 3 H]-thymidine incorporation was inhibited over 90% by 2′-deoxyadenosine as early as 6 h following its addition and for up to 4 days, suggesting inhibition of proliferation of nonneuronal cells by 2′-deoxyadenosine. The nucleoside was also able to wipe out already well established nonneuronal cells, leaving behind an enriched population of sensory neurons. The selective vulnerability of nonneuronal cells to 2′-deoxyadenosine offers a convenient and effective tool for removing nonneuronal cells from neuronal cultures as well as providing a new model for studying the mechanisms of nucleoside toxicity.
Ribosome Sites and S Gene Action

IN homomorphic self-incompatible flowering-plants, control of pollen behaviour is determined either sporophytically or gametophytically. On the basis of evidence from forty-two genera of twenty-three families, Brewbaker1 pointed out correlations between type of control, pollen cytology and site of the incompatibility response with some exceptions in the Gramineae. In general, species with sporophytic control have trinucleate grains, inhibition occurring in the stigma, while those with gametophytic control have binucleate grains, inhibition being delayed until the pollen tube has begun to grow. At least two other physiological differences characterize the classes2: binucleate pollen tends to show greater longevity in storage and a higher capacity for growth in vitro than trinucleate pollen.
Divine will/divine command moral theories and the problem of arbitrariness

A well-known objection to divine will/divine command moral theories is that they commit us to the view that God's will is arbitrary. I argue that several versions of divine will/divine command moral theories, including two of Robert Adams's versions of the DCT and my own divine preference theory, can be successfully defended against this objection. I argue that, even if God's preferences are somewhat arbitrary, we have reasons to conform our wills to them. It is not a fatal objection to divine will/divine command moral theories if they imply that God's will/God's commands is/are arbitrary, to some extent.
The mechanism of the direct interaction process at intermediate energies

Abstract At intermediate energies, most inelastic proton scattering reactions are due to non-compound nucleus processes which are called direct interactions. Several mechanisms for direct interactions have been suggested: (a) nucleon-nucleon collisions in the diffuse surface of the nucleus, (b) nucleon-nucleon collisions occuring throughout the nucleus, (c) direct excitation of low-lying rotational states. Each of these appears to be capable of explaining the experimental data currently available (the energy and angular distribution of single inelastically scattered protons). To obtain additional data for the purpose of distinguishing between these mechanisms, we have made measurements of the angular correlation of pairs of protons emitted in direct interactions. Using large solid angle plastic scintillation counters, and coincidence resolving times of ten millimicroseconds, measurements were made on the angular correlation in the range of separation angles 40° to 105°. The energy of the bombarding protons was 40 MeV and Cu, Ni and Pb were used as targets. The results of the experiment indicate that mechanism (a) is predominant at these energies, and that the momentum of the struck nucleon is significantly lower than has been observed in experiments which measure the momentum distribution of nucleons which may be located anywhere within the nucleus.
Burn-in and thermal cyclic tests to determine the short-term reliability of a thin film resistance temperature detector

Abstract In this paper, experimental data and theory are presented for two methods of the thermal failure of a multi-layer, thin film resistance temperature detector (RTD). The methods are: (i) while placed in a low pressure inert gas atmosphere, the temperature of the RTD was increased incrementally by means of joule heating until failure (burn-in test), and (ii) the RTD was thermally cycled in both a low-pressure inert gas atmosphere as well as in air at atmospheric pressure. The performance of the RTD was analyzed with respect to three factors: (i) changes in electrical resistivity with respect to temperature of the Ti–Cu–Ti trace that forms the conductive path of the RTD, (ii) degradation of the encapsulation layers, especially the Benzocyclobutene (BCB) with emphasis on its impact on radiation, and (iii) failure of the trace due to crack formation. Environmental effects on performance and probable causes of failure are discussed.
Formation of a Dimeric Camphor Derivative with an Unusually Stable 3-exo Substituent

Abstract The reductive dimerization of E -3-benzylidenecamphor with sodium proceeds with homoacyloin regiochemistry to give a complex mixture of products from which two major products have been isolated by chromatography. The major product is formed by dimerization of the E radical anion through the re face of one radical anion to the si face of the other. This compound lacks a true inversion center of symmetry, but the atoms of the 1,2-diphenylethane moiety, as well as the camphor oxygen atoms and C(1)–C(4) and C(10) of the camphor groups, are related by a local inversion center of symmetry. One of the camphor moieties carries an exo substituent, but the compound does not readily equilibrate to the epimeric compound where both camphor moieties carry an endo substituent.
Sensory and metabolic feedback in the modulation of taste hedonics

Abstract One hundred and twenty-five college students were fed a small preload composed of common foods which were either solid or liquid, sweet or non-sweet, and high or low in energy content. At 15-minute intervals following the preload subjects rated the intensity and pleasantness of either a sweet or a non-sweet test stimulus. Pleasantness reductions (alliesthesia) were observed following all preloads but were significantly larger in the high-calorie groups. In addition, solid preloads were found to provoke greater hedonic shifts than liquid preloads. While intensity ratings paralleled those for pleasantness, no correlation between the two was apparent. The results point to a metabolic explanation for the hedonic declines in the test stimuli. Nutrient (perhaps carbohydrate) detectors in the upper GI tract are proposed to trigger both central and peripheral changes which underlie the changes in pleasantness and intensity judgements.
Differentiation of Solutions of Boundary Value Problems with Respect to Nonlinear Boundary Conditions

We consider solutions of boundary value problems for the ordinary differential equation, y(n) = ƒ(x, y, y′, ..., y(n − 1), which satisfy gi(y(xi)) = yi, 1 ≤ i ≤ n, where x1 ≤ · · · ≤ xn and yi ∈ R, 1 ≤ i ≤ n. The Implicit Function Theorem is used to establish results in which solutions of the boundary value problems are differentiated with respect to the boundary conditions.
On the Definition of Adhesion

Abstract The definition of the word, Adhesion, in Webster's International Dictionary, 3rd edition, contains the following pertinent items. (The numbering is Webster's; the omitted definitions are not relevant to science or technology).
REMARKS ON ALGEBRAIC DECOMPOSITION OF AUTOMATA

A version of the Krohn-Rhodes decomposition theorem for finite automata is proved in which capabilities as well as semigroups are preserved. Another elementary proof of the usual Krohn-Rhodes theorem is also presented.
Importance of enteral feeding in maintaining gut integrity

The intestine allows nutrient absorption but maintains an effective barrier against intraluminal pathogens and toxins. Specific immunity against antigens is provided by IgA produced by immunocytes of the mucosal-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lying just below the mucosa. T and B cells destined for the MALT are programmed within Peyer's Patches of the small bowel before distribution to their final sites of action. The size and effectiveness of this system is exquisitely sensitive to route and type of nutrition, specific nutrients, and neuropeptides of the enteric nervous system.
Expeditious synthesis of aziridine-based cofactor mimics

Abstract S -Adenosyl- l -methionine mimics were synthesized in a linear fashion highlighting methodology that bypasses the need for adenine base protection. These aziridine-based cofactor mimics are envisioned as useful biochemical tools and potential therapeutic agents whose mechanism of action hinges upon aberrant methyltransferase enzymes. Aziridination of the 5′ position of adenosine was effected by convergence of suitably protected 5′-aminoadenosine with various dibromopropionates. The economy and high yields for this route to said aziridine-based cofactors is highly amenable to large-scale chemistry which no doubt will be vital to their development as therapeutics and biochemical tools.
Pneumococcal otitis media and pneumococcal vaccines, a historical perspective

Although pneumococcal otitis media was recognized in the 19th century, the illness stimulated little interest in prophylaxis until recently. Whole cell vaccines of killed pneumococci, developed to prevent pneumonia, were replaced by vaccines of capsular polysaccharides following demonstration of their antigenicity in adults. Failure of the latter to stimulate antibodies in infants and young children and demonstration of the efficacy of capsular polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines in preventing infection with Hemophilus influenzae type b has led to the development of polyvalent pneumococcal polysaccharide-protein conjugate vaccines. Preliminary studies have shown them to be highly effective in preventing invasive pneumococcal disease in the first 2 years of life, and studies of their impact on otitis media are currently in progress.
Isolated angiitis of CNS: Treatment with pulse cyclophosphamide

Abstract A 12-year-old boy with a history of "migraine" headache presented with an increasingly severe headache accompanied by emesis and unsteadiness. Evaluation revealed an acute cerebral hemorrhage with subsequent angiographic studies demonstrating multiple areas of segmental narrowing in both the anterior and posterior cerebral circulations. He was diagnosed with isolated angiitis of the central nervous system and high-dose steroid therapy was administered to which he responded for 6 months. Symptoms recurred and repeat angiography demonstrated persistent segmental narrowing. Pulse cyclophosphamide therapy was begun with resolution of symptoms and normalization of angiography following 6 treatments. Although rare in children, isolated angiitis of the central nervous system can occur in children and aggressive immunosuppression should be considered as the mode of therapy.
Structural and Energetic Characteristics of Silicas Modified by Organosilicon Compounds

Silica gels Davisil 633 and 643, and fumed silica Cab-O-Sil HS-5 with grafted 3-aminopropyl dimethylsilyl (APDMS), butyl dimethylsilyl (BDMS), octadecyl dimethylsilyl (ODDMS), and trimethylsilyl (TMS) groups of different concentrations were studied using the nitrogen adsorption method. Changes in the textural and energetic characteristics of modified silicas depend on features of the oxide matrices and grafted OSC.
Refining the most frequent sense baseline

We refine the most frequent sense baseline for word sense disambiguation using a number of novel word sense disambiguation techniques. Evaluating on the Senseval-3 English all words task, our combined system focuses on improving every stage of word sense disambiguation: starting with the lemmatization and part of speech tags used, through the accuracy of the most frequent sense baseline, to highly targeted individual systems. Our supervised systems include a ranking algorithm and a Wikipedia similarity measure.
Localization of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus-1 tax Proviral Sequences in Skin Biopsies of Patients with Mycosis Fungoides by in situ Polymerase Chain Reaction

The histopathologic diagnosis of mycosis fungoides (MF), even when clinical manifestations of the disease seem convincing, is often tenuous. The observation that practically all patients with MF harbor human T cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) proviral sequences in their circulating lymphocytes raised the possibility that such viral footprints could also be detected in their cutaneous infiltrates. Application of in situ , polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to skin biopsies of 11 of 12 patients demonstrated this assumption to be correct. In addition, cells suspected to be keratinocytes were also positive. None of 10 skin biopsies from a variety of sources used as controls, nor 3 lymph node biopsies from patients with B-cell lymphomas, showed any HTLV proviral sequences on in situ PCR. On the basis of these observations, it is concluded that in situ PCR carried out on skin biopsies of patients with presumptive ME may help to establish the diagnosis.
Methodologies for the Care, Maintenance, and Breeding of Tropical Poison Frogs

The Biodiversity Laboratories at Saint Joseph's University house more than 100 exotic and endangered animal species-including insects, fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Research in the laboratories is devoted, primarily, to understanding the genetic and ecological bases of animal behavior. In addition, a common theme of the work is the development of techniques for the successful care of exotic animals within a laboratory setting. Such techniques may be critical to studies aimed at understanding the life histories of endangered species and saving them from extinction. Current projects to study the biology of tropical poison frogs have methodologies to improve captive care, maintenance, and breeding. In this article, I present these methodologies and their impact on the welfare of captive poison frogs.
Maskshop data preparation and quality control: from supplier management viewpoint

In semiconductor industry, many wafer fabs acquire masks from qualified suppliers because they do not have in-house maskshops. Under the circumstances, for these fabs, their main objectives of mask supplier management are to carry out gaining stable quality performance with punctual delivery and acceptable prices. At present, interests in mask supplier management are launching into mask data preparation (MDP) field when it's beginning to face raised challenges to output correct results all the time. These incoming tasks are mainly due to increasingly complicated MDP demand from wafer fabs for implementing various approaches on masks and tape-out to support wafer production and tight cycle-time control. In this paper, it shows major factors of MDP quality issues from analyzing past accidents in our suppliers and proposes possible approaches for achieving further improvement.
Detecting large scale conversion of mangroves to aquaculture with change point and mixed-pixel analyses of high-fidelity MODIS data

Abstract Mangrove forests of the tropical and subtropical regions provide critical ecosystem services, fulfill important socio-economic and environmental functions, and support coastal livelihoods. These forests are also among the most vulnerable ecosystems, both to anthropogenic disturbance and climate change. Yet, no map or published study exists showing detailed spatiotemporal trends of mangrove deforestation at local to regional scales. This study uses change point and mixed-pixel analyses with a time series (2000–2010) of high-fidelity imagery from NASA's Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) for tracking deforestation of mangroves in the Mahakam Delta of Indonesia at 250 m spatial scale and a 3-monthly temporal interval. The results show that a total of 21,000 ± 152 ha of mangrove land in the Mahakam Delta were deforested and converted to shrimp ponds in 11 years. In 2000, the deforested lands covered 47% of the entire delta, while in 2010 it increased to 75%. Deforestation rates varied in each year, but peaked in 2002 and declined since then. The combination of high-fidelity time series data and a robust method of change detection resulted in a virtual reconstruction of 11 years of drastic land change history of the delta's mangrove areas at a consistent spatiotemporal scale. We anticipate that the methodology developed in this study will be useful to reconstruct deforestation histories of other places as well. Also, our findings can potentially be used to further explore the socioeconomic drivers of mangrove deforestation so that reliable, appropriate and sustainable methods of local and regional scale adaptation/mitigation strategies can be developed.
Gene localization and developmental expression of light chain 3: a common subunit of microtubule-associated protein 1A(MAP1A) and MAP1B.

Microtubule-associated proteins 1A (MAP1A) and MAP1B are abundant neuronal MAPs thought to be involved in neurite formation and stabilization. The relative levels of MAP1A and MAP1B change dramatically during development, with MAP1B expression highest in forming neurons, and MAP1A expression highest in mature neurons. We examined the expression of light chain 3 (LC3), a subunit of both MAP1A and MAP1B, to see if its expression paralleled that of either heavy chain. Anti-LC3 immunohistochemistry reveals that LC3 in rat brain is restricted to neurons that are expressing either the MAP1A or MAP1B heavy chain. Although LC3 is expressed exclusively in cells expressing heavy chains, developmental changes in the total amount of LC3 protein are not proportional to changes in the amount of either the MAP1A or MAP1B heavy chain. LC3 protein expression measured by quantitative immunoblotting is twice as high in postnatal brain as in embryonic and adult brain. The localization of the LC3 gene to human chromosome 20cen-q13 demonstrates that LC3 is the only MAP1 subunit that is not linked to the heavy-chain genes. Because LC3 is a component of both the MAP1A and MAP1B microtubule-binding domains, the heavy-chain-independent regulation of LC3 expression might modify MAP1 microtubule-binding activity during development. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Interactions between striped bass (Morone saxatilis) rebuilding programmes and the conservation of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and other anadromous fish species in the USA

Anadromous populations of striped bass occur along the Atlantic coast of the US from Maine to North Carolina. Recruitment overfishing and declining water quality led to substantial reductions in striped bass abundance during the 1970s and 1980s. Cooperative interstate fishery management of striped bass began in 1981, with the development of a fishery management plan by the Atlantic States Marine Fisheries Commission, an organization of Atlantic coastal states. Effective fishery management and additional research and monitoring contributed to a tenfold increase in abundance of striped bass stocks by the late 1990s. This dramatic increase resulted in increased predation on a variety of anadromous fish species including American shad, blueback herring, and alewives. Predation by striped bass on Atlantic salmon smolts in North America has been documented, but the impact of this predation has not been quantified. Moderate to strong correlations were found between estimates of striped bass abundance and the return of Atlantic salmon to three of the four major New England salmon rivers. Further research is required to quantify the proportion of smolt production consumed by striped bass, particularly for salmon populations listed as endangered under the US Endangered Species Act.
Malpractice litigation against child and adolescent psychiatry residency programs, 1981-1991

A national survey was conducted to investigate malpractice litigation at United States child and adolescent psychiatry residency programs between 1981 and 1991. Fourteen percent of the directors of child and adolescent psychiatry reported at least one malpractice claim during this period. The highest percentage of lawsuits reported was in the northeast. Suicide and sexual abuse of latency age patients by other patients accounted for the most litigation. The mean monetary award was $167,000, and the largest award was $500,000 for discharge of a patient who killed his mother. There has been an increase in malpractice litigation during the past 10 years. Risk management strategies should be implemented to address areas of liability in child and adolescent psychiatry training programs.
Rehabilitation After Cardiac Surgery-Reply

We appreciate the thoughtful comments of Drs Fisch and McGuire. We agree with Dr Fisch that factors other than those studied in our article could affect retirement status and changes in occupation. It is not clear, however, to what extent such changes may have contributed to the claims of reduced angina following the aortocoronary bypass operation. We question whether the change to lighter work and the placebo effect are the two factors explaining the improvement in angina following surgery. Objective clinical measurements 1,2 using presurgical and postsurgical treadmill testing has shown that the bypass procedure does, in fact, reduce or eliminate anginal symptoms. In some marginal cases, however, it may be possible that a reduction of physical exertion may be a way of avoiding the anginal attack. The question of "incapacitation" and working ability is an interesting one and deserves more study. In the case of ischemic heart
Finite element implementation of a new sandwich homogenization procedure

Abstract A new homogenization procedure for finite element (FE) analysis of sandwich shells was recently developed and presented by the authors. To the authors’ knowledge all present FE approaches to sandwich structures are incorporated into the FE formulation on the element formulation level. Unlike other formulations, the present approach works on the constitutive level. A homogenization of the sandwich shell is performed at each call of the corresponding constitutive subroutine. Thus, the sandwich nature of the problem is hidden from the main FE program. As a consequence, there is no need to develop a new shell element formulation, instead all available homogeneous shell elements in the utilized FE code can be used for the analysis of sandwich shells. This would provide versatility of the FE analysis and potentials to trade off between the level of accuracy and computational efficiency by using more accurate or simpler shell elements. Furthermore, the sandwich homogenization procedure (SHOP) can be easily coupled with a composite homogenization model to enable analysis of sandwich shells with composite faces. To validate the present approach and check its accuracy, efficiency and overall performance, it is implemented in a FE package and combined with existing first-order shear deformable shell elements for homogeneous materials. Results are obtained and herein presented for problems previously investigated experimentally and by different theoretical and numerical techniques. The presented results show good agreement with published results from far more complicated and computationally intensive analyses, which build confidence in the approach and motivate its future elaboration and development.
Development of Live-Attenuated Arenavirus Vaccines Based on Codon Deoptimization

ABSTRACT Arenaviruses have a significant impact on public health and pose a credible biodefense threat, but the development of safe and effective arenavirus vaccines has remained elusive, and currently, no Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-licensed arenavirus vaccines are available. Here, we explored the use of a codon deoptimization (CD)-based approach as a novel strategy to develop live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines. We recoded the nucleoprotein (NP) of the prototypic arenavirus lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) with the least frequently used codons in mammalian cells, which caused lower LCMV NP expression levels in transfected cells that correlated with decreased NP activity in cell-based functional assays. We used reverse-genetics approaches to rescue a battery of recombinant LCMVs (rLCMVs) encoding CD NPs (rLCMV/NP CD ) that showed attenuated growth kinetics in vitro . Moreover, experiments using the well-characterized mouse model of LCMV infection revealed that rLCMV/NP CD1 and rLCMV/NP CD2 were highly attenuated in vivo but, upon a single immunization, conferred complete protection against a subsequent lethal challenge with wild-type (WT) recombinant LCMV (rLCMV/WT). Both rLCMV/NP CD1 and rLCMV/NP CD2 were genetically and phenotypically stable during serial passages in FDA vaccine-approved Vero cells. These results provide proof of concept of the safety, efficacy, and stability of a CD-based approach for developing live-attenuated vaccine candidates against human-pathogenic arenaviruses. IMPORTANCE Several arenaviruses cause severe hemorrhagic fever in humans and pose a credible bioterrorism threat. Currently, no FDA-licensed vaccines are available to combat arenavirus infections, while antiarenaviral therapy is limited to the off-label use of ribavirin, which is only partially effective and is associated with side effects. Here, we describe the generation of recombinant versions of the prototypic arenavirus LCMV encoding codon-deoptimized viral nucleoproteins (rLCMV/NP CD ). We identified rLCMV/NP CD1 and rLCMV/NP CD2 to be highly attenuated in vivo but able to confer protection against a subsequent lethal challenge with wild-type LCMV. These viruses displayed an attenuated phenotype during serial amplification passages in cultured cells. Our findings support the use of this approach for the development of safe, stable, and protective live-attenuated arenavirus vaccines.
Library to go

Purpose – This paper aims to explore the area of mobile technology and its usefulness for library instruction and information disseminationDesign/methodology/approach – This column is exploratory, examining the advantages and disadvantages of mobile technology for librarianship.Findings – There is an inevitable onslaught of mobile technology within the patron populations. It is essential that libraries and the profession as a whole inject the digital services, both traditional and non‐traditional, into mobile technology in order to reach patrons.Originality/value – The paper examines several studies and offers theoretical options for tackling the important issue of mobile technology in the library. The paradigm of the library as a place needs to change into a paradigm where the library is not only a place, but also a collection of valuable services that can be accessed from anywhere.
Poly(N‐acylethylenimine) copolymers containing pendant pentamethyldisiloxanyl groups. III. Surface properties and abhesion

The surface properties and abhesion of both N/Si and U/Si series of random copolymers were studied by contact angle and peel strength measurements. When these copolymers are coated on clean glass slides, the contact angles of water on the polymer films are over 105° for copolymers with less than 50 mol % of Si, and 98-104° for those with more than 50 mol % of Si. All the polymers have similar critical surface energies, 21 dyn/cm (from hydrocarbon probes) and 20 dyn/cm (from EtOH/H2O probes), within the experimental error. This demonstrates that the amide groups in the polymer backbones are buried and all the polymers have methyl surfaces. The copolymers with less than 50 mol % Si (for N/Si copolymers) or 20 mol % (for U/Si copolymers) are stable and show good abhesive properties toward Scotch magic tape at or below 50°C. The peel strengths of Scotch magic tape with the copolymer coated slides rise dramatically as the annealing temperatures approach to the melting points of the polymers.