cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Herpes simplex virus (HSV) encephalitis presenting as spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) (P5.050)

Objective: To describe an unusual presentation of HSV encephalitis. Background: HSV is a common cause of encephalitis in children and adults. Prodromal symptoms of fever, malaise, and headache are typical. Spontaneous ICH as an initial manifestation is a rare occurrence. Design/Methods: A case report Results: A 71-year-old woman with history of hypertension, diabetes, and obesity presented with decreased responsiveness and left-sided weakness. Family denied fever, headache, nausea/vomiting, seizure, or other recent illness. On exam, she was afebrile with blood pressure elevated at 240/126 mmHg. She was sleepy and had left hemi-body weakness. Laboratory results were notable for a mild leukocytosis of 11,000/mm 3 and high glucose of 361 mg/dL. Non-contrast head computed tomographic (CT) scan showed a 2.5 cm right posterior temporal ICH. CT angiogram and venogram showed no vascular malformation or venous sinus thrombosis. The next day, she developed fever to 39.1°C, worsening leukocytosis to 17,000/mm 3 , and diabetic ketoacidosis. Empiric antibiotics, insulin infusion, and fluid resuscitation are initiated. She is increasingly somnolent and after repeat head CT shows ICH stability, continuous video electroencephalogram monitoring is initiated revealing multiple non-convulsive seizures arising from the right temporal region. She receives IV lorazepam and is intubated for airway protection. Additional anti-seizure medications given included levetiracetam, phenytoin, and lacosamide. Her seizures only briefly remit and she evolves into refractory status epilepticus requiring midazolam and later pentobarbital infusion. The patient undergoes hematoma evacuation after which a final pathologic diagnosis of HSV encephalitis is made. Acyclovir is initiated but the patient’s course worsens. A week later, she dies from diffuse progressive cerebral edema and herniation. Conclusions: This case highlights the importance of revisiting a presumed established diagnosis as a patient’s clinical course evolves. While petechial hemorrhages are commonly described in HSV encephalitis, significant hematoma as in this case is unusual as was the lack of prodromal symptoms. Disclosure: Dr. Sivasankar has nothing to disclose. Dr. Ayodele has nothing to disclose.
Pulses, periods, and cohomological terms in functional expansions

We introduce a new device, based on a geometrical characterization of pulses, which allows us to extend the applicability of functional expansions as a tool for dealing with pulse driven systems. Basic to our method is the use of certain closed forms whose periods coincide with the spacing between stable equilibrium points of a nonlinear system. By incorporating the integrals of such forms in a functional expansion it is possible to shape the domain of convergence, adapting it to specific situations.
Hydrological Models, Regional Evaporation, and Remote Sensing: Let’s Start Simple and Maintain Perspective

This paper seeks to be provocative in the sense that it is intended to stimulate a line of thought and perhaps a climate of opinion in which the global modeling of terrestrial interactions, evaporation in particular, is predisposed towards simplicity. The justification for adopting this intention is an opinion that, having been faced with the new challenge to provide an acceptably realistic description of hydrological process at a global scale, but having simultaneously been faced with powerful visual impact of remote sensing images to remind them of the heterogeneity of terrestrial surfaces, hydrologists may have suffered some loss of confidence and an associated lack of perspective on the scale of the problem to be addressed. Perhaps this loss of confidence is reflected in the phrase “The Trials and Tribulations of Modeling and Measuring” which is part of the title of this workshop.
Logic and Representation

Part I. Methodological Arguments: 1. The role of logic in artificial intelligence: 2. A cognitivist reply to behaviourism Part II. Propositional Attitudes: 3. A formal theory of knowledge and action 4. Computational models of belief and the semantics of belief sentences 5. Propositional attitudes and Russellian propositions Part III. Autoepistemic Logic: 6. Semantical considerations on nonmonotonic logic 7. Possible-world semantics for autoepistemic logic Part IV. Semantics of Natural Language: 8. Events, situations, and adverbs 9. Unification-based semantic interpretation Index.
Single-session improvisational group music therapy in adult inpatient psychiatry: a pilot study of the therapist’s experience

ABSTRACTThis pilot study is to systematically investigate the therapist’s experience while implementing single-session group improvisational music therapy in adult inpatient psychiatric care. In this study, there were three participants who are board certified music therapist working in inpatient psychiatry; a phenomenological study was conducted to explore the therapist’s experience. The data collection included the following three stages: (a) an individual phenomenological interview, (b) a group musical improvisation, approximately 2 weeks after individual interviews, and (c) a group post-session interview. Two analysis cycles were conducted. In the first analysis cycle, a descriptive coding method was used to code the interviews.A phenomenological method of analysis was used to analyze improvisational music playing. In the second analysis cycle, the researcher conducted a composite review of the data. The data were comprehensively reflected on, clustered, and thematized, yielding the following four the...
A Data-Driven Model for Simulating the Evolution of Transmission Line Failure in Power Grids

Cascading failures in a power grid result in successive failures of power transmission lines that may eventually affect large portions of a grid. In this paper, a parametric model is proposed that represents the propagation of transmission line failures in the power grid. At first, by optimal DC power-flow simulations of the IEEE 118 bus system, different types of data on the transmission line failures are collected, which can capture the time evolution of the cascade. The probability that a line of a given capacity fails is found to be well approximated by a power-law (the higher is the capacity the lower the probability). Then based on these data, a discrete-time parametric model is proposed to keep track of the failures of lines of different capacities during a cascading failure event. The convergence of the evolution of line failures to the steady state is analyzed. Finally, when compared to real-world data, the model is shown to be capable of reproducing similar trends for the time evolution of the failure dynamics.
Children conceived from rape: Legislation, parental rights and outcomes for victims

AbstractApproximately 5% of women who are victims of rape become pregnant, and approximately 32% of those women choose to raise their child. Many of the rapists are known to the victims and the vic...
Independent component analysis based algorithms for high-density electromyogram decomposition: Systematic evaluation through simulation.

Abstract Motor unit activities provide important theoretical and clinical insights regarding different aspects of neuromuscular control. Based on high-density electromyogram (HD EMG) recordings, we systematically evaluated the performance of three independent component analysis (ICA)-based EMG decomposition algorithms (Infomax, FastICA and RobustICA). The algorithms were tested on simulated HD EMG signals with a range of muscle contraction levels and with a range of signal quality. Our results showed that all the three algorithms can output accurate (85%–100%) motor unit discharge timings. Specifically, the RobustICA consistently showed high decomposition accuracy among the three algorithms under a variety of signal conditions, especially with a low signal quality and varying contraction levels. But the yield of decomposition of RobustICA tended to be low at high contraction levels. In contrast, FastICA tended to show the lowest accuracy, but can detect the largest number of motor units, especially at high contraction levels. Our results also showed that the computation time was similar for FastICA and RobustICA, which was shorter than Infomax. Additionally, the accuracy of each algorithm correlated moderately with the clustering index—the silhouette distance measure, and correlated strongly with the rate of agreement of the algorithm pairs. Overall, our findings provide guidance on selecting particular decomposition algorithms based on specific applications with different requirement on the accuracy/yield of the decomposition.
A letter reporting a case of fatal ventricular dysrhythmia associated with the LSD analog AL-LAD

The lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) analog 6-allyl-6-nor-LSD (AL-LAD) is one of several psychoactive compounds which are both readily obtainable and poorly characterized in their biological effect...
Incontinence after Prostate Treatment: AUA/SUFU Guideline

Purpose:Urinary incontinence after prostate treatment (IPT) is one of the few urologic diseases that is iatrogenic, and, therefore, predictable and perhaps preventable. Evaluation of the incontinen...
Detecting axion dark matter with radio lines from neutron star populations

It has been suggested that radio telescopes may be sensitive to axion dark matter that resonantly converts to radio photons in the magnetospheres surrounding neutron stars (NSs). In this work, we closely examine this possibility by calculating the radiated power from and projected sensitivity to axion dark matter conversion in ensembles of NSs within astrophysical systems like galaxies and globular clusters. We use population synthesis and evolution models to describe the spatial distributions of NSs within these systems and the distributions of NS properties. Focusing on three specific targets for illustration, the Galactic Center of the Milky Way, the globular cluster M54 in the Sagittarius dwarf galaxy, and the Andromeda galaxy, we show that narrow band radio observations with telescopes such as the Green Bank Telescope and the future Square Kilometer Array may be able to probe the quantum chromodynamics axion over roughly 2 orders of magnitude in mass, starting at a fraction of a micro-electron-volt.
Sleep Disruption in Atopic Dermatitis

Sleep disruption in the setting of AD is multifactorial. Pruritus and scratching are known contributors to sleep disturbance, but more complex and systemic factors also affect sleep. The complex interactions between cytokines, melatonin, circadian rhythms, and pruritus prime AD skin for exacerbations at night. This leads to significant sleep disturbance and poorer quality of life. AD patients with sleep disturbance may also suffer growth disturbances, behavioral issues, and neurocognitive disorders. Recognizing these significant comorbidities associated with AD and sleep disruption highlights the global burden of this disorder on patients and should be accounted for in clinical management.
Numerical study of the bi-disperse particles segregation inside a spherical tumbler with Discrete Element Method (DEM)

Abstract The segregation of equal volumes of 2-mm and 4-mm particles inside a 14-cm-diameter spherical tumbler is numerically investigated using the Discrete Element Method (DEM). Two types of segregation take place. Initially, radial segregation appears, and then axial segregation occurs. The radial segregation occurs quickly due to percolation, with large particles moving towards the outer layer and forming a shell, while smaller particles remaining in the center and forming a core. Axial segregation is a slow process in which particles segregate into two different patterns and both with three bands. Smaller particles are at the equator and larger particles at two poles (Large–Small–Large, LSL), or vice versa (Small–Large–Small, SLS), depending upon the particles filling level inside the tumbler and/or the rotation speed of the tumbler. The total tangential force between the tumbler wall and the granular particles decreases rapidly as radial segregation occurs and then becomes almost constant as axial segregation occurs. The circulation frequency of the particles is analyzed, and the results show that the average circulation frequency of the smaller particles along the rotation axis is higher than the circulation frequency of the larger particles. Also, the distribution of the average circulation frequency is uneven. The simulations match up well with existing experimental and simulation results. The results are of common interest in applications like process engineering, where polydispersed granular materials are ubiquitous, and drums and tumblers are universally applied.
Sensitivity of Distributed Optimization Convergence Performance to Reference Bus Location

Distributed optimization are becoming popular to solve a large power system problem with the objective of reducing computational complexity. To this end, the convergence performance of distributed optimization plays an important role to solve an optimal power flow (OPF) problem. One of the critical factors that have a significant impact on the convergence performance is the reference bus location. Since selecting the reference bus location does not affect the result of centralized DC OPF, we can change the location of the reference bus to get more accurate results in distributed optimization. In this paper, our goal is to provide some insights into how to select reference bus location to have a better convergence performance. We modeled the power grid as a graph and based on some graph theory concepts, for each bus in the grid a score is assigned, and then we cluster buses to find out which buses are more suitable to be considered as the reference bus. We implement the analytical target cascading (ATC) on the IEEE 48-bus system to solve a DC OPF problem. The results show that by selecting a proper reference bus, we obtained more accurate results with an excellent convergence rate while improper selection may take much more iterations to converge.
Understanding the Statement on Standards for Forensic Services No. 1 and Its Implications for Practice, Curricula, and Research

In July 2019, the AICPA issued the first authoritative professional standard on forensic services. The new standard articulates a novel paradigm for understanding what constitutes a forensic servic...
Numerical simulation of the migration and deposition of fine particles in a proppant-supported fracture

Abstract Many hydrocarbon-bearing geologic formations, especially shales, contain high clay contents. During hydrocarbon production, pore pressure reduces and the effective stress of the rock matrix increases, which may lead to formation failure and consequently fine particles production within the formation fluids. Invasion of fine particles into proppant assemblies in a hydraulic fracture can clog the pore spaces between proppant particles and consequently lead to loss of fracture permeability and conductivity. Although fine particle migration and clogging in a proppant-supported hydraulic fracture is critical to effective production of hydrocarbons, the role of effective stress, proppant particle size, and proppant size distribution is still unclear. In this study, a discrete element method-lattice Boltzmann (DEM-LB) numerical framework was developed to study the mechanisms that regulate the migration and deposition of fine particles in a proppant-supported fracture, which is subjected to a closure pressure. Specifically, DEM was used to generate proppant assemblies and to simulate effective stress increase and the resultant proppant particle compaction. The DEM-simulated pore structure of the compacted proppant assembly was then extracted and imported into the LB simulator as internal boundary conditions of fluid flow modeling. Fine particle transport in the pore spaces was numerically simulated based on the LB-simulated pore flow field, and three transport mechanisms that regulate fine particle migration, including interception collection, Brownian motion, and gravitational settling, were accounted for. The numerical results of pore-scale particle tracking and deposition were fitted using a continuum-scale fine particle deposition model to determine the macroscopic deposition coefficient, as well as how fine particle size, proppant size heterogeneity, and effective stress influence the macroscopic deposition coefficient. Good agreement between numerically-simulated and correlation-predicted deposition coefficients was observed. The simulation results confirmed the non-monotonic change of fine particle deposition coefficient as a function of fine particle size. This study indicates that proppant assemblies having the same mean proppant diameter but a more heterogeneous proppant diameter distribution (i.e., a wider distribution of proppant diameter) favors fine particle migration through the pore space under low to moderate closure stresses. The developed simulation framework can be used to effectively model the migration and deposition of fine particles having varying sizes at the pore scale.
Nodal Melanocytic Nevi in Sentinel Lymph Nodes

Melanocytic nevi occurring in lymph nodes create diagnostic difficulty by mimicking metastases. Few studies describe nodal nevi in sentinel lymph nodes (SLNs) excised for melanoma. We evaluated 72 cases in which patients had undergone SLN biopsy for melanoma. Lymph nodes and cutaneous melanomas were evaluated according to a standard protocol. Nodal nevi were identified in 8 patients (11%). Of these, 6 (75%) had an associated cutaneous nevus ( P = .006). Of 21 patients with an associated nevus, 4 (19%) with nodal nevi had a cutaneous nevus with congenital features ( P = .01). The incidence of nodal nevus correlated with a Breslow thickness greater than 2.5 mm ( P = .02). Nevi were not seen in non-SLNs. Nodal nevi appear more frequently in patients with melanoma-associated cutaneous nevi, particularly if congenital features are present. The increased frequency of nodal nevi in SLNs relative to non-SLNs suggests an etiology of mechanical transport of nevus cells.
A Semiempirical Modeling of Soil Moisture, Vegetation, and Surface Roughness Impact on CYGNSS Reflectometry Data

Data from the Cyclone Global Navigation Satellite System (CYGNSS) mission augmented with a physical surface scattering model were analyzed to develop a semiempirical model, which consists of three main modeling components for soil moisture, vegetation, and surface roughness. CYGNSS data collected from March 2017 to March 2020 were collocated with the soil moisture data from the Soil Moisture Active Passive (SMAP) mission and climatology vegetation water content (VWC) derived from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. The matchup data were binned as a function of soil moisture, VWC, and incidence angle. The CYGNSS data were calibrated using a coherent reflection equation to obtain an effective reflectivity. The response of CYGNSS effective reflectivity to soil moisture changes is consistent with the change of the Fresnel reflectivity based on Mironov's soil dielectric constant model used by the SMAP and Soil Moisture Ocean Salinity (SMOS) missions for soil moisture retrieval. The CYGNSS effective reflectivity decreases approximately linearly (in dB) with respect to the NDVI-VWC. The estimated values of vegetation attenuation parameter (b) agree with values published in the literature and are corroborated with the estimated values of b using the SMAP dual-polarized channel algorithm based on land cover types. A CYGNSS surface scattering map has been derived and reveals a mixed contribution of coherent and incoherent scattering effects and the effects of topography. The semiempirical model, leveraging two of the key modeling functions used by microwave radiometry, will pave the way for a synergistic use of reflectometry and radiometry data for multiparameter retrieval and development of consistent soil moisture products.
The meaning of the tough-construction

A formal semantic analysis of the tough-construction is provided building on the well-known observation that events play a central role. A close look at the semantic characteristics of the class of tough-predicates and the syntactic and semantic properties of nonfinite clauses reveals the link between these pieces, expanding on recent advances in the semantics of clauses (Moulton in Natural selection and the syntax of clausal complementation, PhD thesis, University of Massachusetts at Amherst, 2009). Building on Salzmann (Reconstruction and resumption in indirect A′-dependencies: On the syntax of prolepsis and relativization in (Swiss) German and beyond, de Gruyter, Berlin 2017b), a formal semantic and syntactic analysis of prolepsis is provided to explain the antecedent gap chain in the tough-construction. In total, this paper offers a description and explanation of (i) the class of tough-predicates; (ii) the properties of the nonfinite clause that appears in the tough-construction; (iii) why no other predicates or clauses are permitted in the construction; (iv) the many properties of the antecedent gap chain in the tough-construction, primarily the fact that the chain is “weakly” unbounded; and (v) the semantic contribution of prolepsis as it applies in the tough-construction.
GPS Mobile Health Intervention Among People Experiencing Homelessness: Pre-Post Study.

Background: People experiencing homelessness are at risk for gaps in care after an emergency department (ED) or hospital visit, which leads to increased use, poor health outcomes, and high health care costs. Most people experiencing homelessness have a mobile phone of some type, which makes mobile health (mHealth) interventions a feasible way to connect a person experiencing homelessness with providers. Objective: This study aims to investigate the accuracy, acceptability, and preliminary outcomes of a GPS-enabled mHealth (GPS-mHealth) intervention designed to alert community health paramedics when people experiencing homelessness are in the ED or hospital. Methods: This study was a pre-post design with baseline and 4-month postenrollment assessments. People experiencing homelessness, taking at least 2 medications for chronic conditions, scoring at least 10 on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and having at least 2 ED or hospital visits in the previous 6 months were eligible. Participants were issued a study smartphone with a GPS app programmed to alert a community health paramedic when a participant entered an ED or hospital. For each alert, community health paramedics followed up via telephone to assess care coordination needs. Participants also received a daily email to assess medication adherence. GPS alerts were compared with ED and hospital data from the local health information exchange (HIE) to assess accuracy. Paired t tests compared scores on the Patient Health Questionnaire-9, Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey, and Adherence Starts with Knowledge-12 adherence survey at baseline and exit. Semistructured exit interviews examined the perceptions and benefits of the intervention. Results: In total, 30 participants were enrolled; the mean age was 44.1 (SD 9.7) years. Most participants were male (20/30, 67%), White (17/30, 57%), and not working (19/30, 63%). Only 19% (3/16) of the ED or hospital visit alerts aligned with HIE data, mainly because of patients not having the smartphone with them during the visit, the smartphone being off, and gaps in GPS technology. There was a significant difference in depressive symptoms between baseline (mean 16.9, SD 5.8) and exit (mean 12.7, SD 8.2; t19=2.9; P=.009) and a significant difference in adherence barriers between baseline (mean 2.4, SD 1.4) and exit (mean 1.5, SD 1.5; t17=2.47; P=.03). Participants agreed that the app was easy to use (mean 4.4/5, SD 1.0, with 5=strongly agree), and the email helped them remember to take their medications (mean 4.6/5, SD 0.6). Qualitative data indicated that unlimited smartphone access allowed participants to meet social needs and maintain contact with case managers, health care providers, family, and friends. Conclusions: mHealth interventions are acceptable to people experiencing homelessness. HIE data provided more accurate ED and hospital visit information; however, unlimited access to reliable communication provided benefits to participants beyond the study purpose of improving care coordination. Trial Registration:
Visual control of refuge recognition in the whip spider Phrynus marginemaculatus.

Amblypygids, or whip spiders, are nocturnally active arachnids which live in structurally complex environments. Whip spiders are excellent navigators that can re-locate a home refuge without relying on visual input. Therefore, an open question is whether visual input can control any aspect of whip spider spatial behavior. In the current study, Phrynus marginemaculatus were trained to locate an escape refuge by discriminating between differently oriented black and white stripes placed either on the walls of a testing arena (frontal discrimination) or on the ceiling of the same testing arena (overhead discrimination). Regardless of the placement of the visual stimuli, the whip spiders were successful in learning the location of the escape refuge. In a follow-up study of the overhead discrimination, occluding the median eyes was found to disrupt the ability of the whip spiders to locate the shelter. The data support the conclusion that whip spiders can rely on vision to learn and recognize an escape shelter. We suggest that visual inputs to the brain’s mushroom bodies enable this ability.
Spectroscopic Photoacoustic Imaging for Accessing Cervical Tissue Composition in Human Cervical Biopsies

The cervix plays a central role in pregnancy and delivery. A short cervix ( $\leqslant 25\ \text{mm}$ ), measured by ultrasound (US) imaging, at gestational ages between 22 to 24 weeks indicates a higher risk for preterm birth (PTB). Our previous publications had determined that a spectroscopic photoacoustic (sPA) imaging method in the near-infrared range has the potential to quantify the cervical remodeling as the collagen to water ratio (CWR) changes in murine cervices. Herein, we present the continuous study of the sPA method to identify un-ripened and ripened cervices in humans. A cross-sectional study was performed in comprised cervical biopsies obtained at the time of hysterectomy ( $\mathrm{n}=8$ ) and at the scheduled cesarean delivery in pregnant women at term who were not in labor ( $\mathrm{n}=8$ ). The results indicated that the average sPA-CWR in the cervical tissue from non-pregnant women is 55.5%, with a standard deviation (SD) of 20.3%. On the contrary, pregnant women have an average sPA-CWR of 18.7%, with an SD of 7.5%. The statistical analysis shows a significant difference between those two groups with a p-value less than 0.001. Furthermore, a sub-group analysis between pregnant and non-pregnant women of age less than or equal to 41 years old also showed a significant difference in the sPA-CWR with a p-value less than 0.001, mean 46.3%, SD 23.1%. Through histological analysis, the pregnant women group had lower collagen content. Therefore, the sPA method shows promise to become a new potential diagnostic indicator for evaluating cervical tissue composition and its association with the risk of cervical abnormalities leading to preterm birth.
Simulations of tensile bond rupture in single alkane molecules using reactive interatomic potentials

Abstract Molecular simulations were performed to study the energetics and geometries of bond rupture in single alkane molecules using three reactive hydrocarbon potentials: (1) modified embedded-atom method (MEAM) for saturated hydrocarbons, (2) ReaxFF, and (3) second-generation REBO. The total energy/force versus strain, strain at fracture, and strain energy release were compared for a homologous series of normal alkanes (ethane to undecane) with generalization to polyethylene. The C C bond distances and C C C bond angles were quantified, and a fragment analysis was performed. Overall, the MEAM and ReaxFF potentials are in reasonable agreement with first-principles data with MEAM matching DFT-calculated lowest energy fragments.
IgM Multiple Myeloma

IgM myeloma (IgM MM) is a unique, rare subtype of multiple myeloma (MM) comprising just 0.5 % of all cases of MM. Like other types of myeloma with monoclonal gammopathies of other immunoglobulins (e.g., IgG, IgA), patients with IgM MM often have classic symptoms including hypercalcemia, anemia, renal failure, and lytic bone lesions (“CRAB” symptoms). However, unlike the other types of MM, IgM MM shares the finding of an IgM monoclonal gammopathy with another hematologic process, Waldenstrom’s macroglobulinemia (WM). Clinicians are presented with a diagnostic dilemma when a patient presents with a variety of concerning symptoms and an IgM monoclonal gammopathy. Distinguishing these two diagnoses is critical as the approach to therapy and prognosis greatly differ [1, 2].
IEEE 802.12 Demand Priority and Multimedia

This paper introduces the 100Base-VG LAN technology that is being standardised in the IEEE 802.12 committee. The network is designed as a low-cost 100Mb/s upgrade for IEEE-802.3 10Base-T and key features of the network are discussed such as its support for installed Category 3 cable and cascading to cover campus areas without bridges. The access protocol, Demand Priority, supports two priorities and the paper considers in some detail how this can be used to provide guaranteed bandwidth and delay services for emerging applications such as real-time multimedia.
Processive Motor Movement

A mechanism that controls the stepwise movement of a molecular motor along a filamentous microtubule track in the cell does not seem to require the track itself.
Symbolic Program Analysis and Optimization for Parallelizing Compilers

A program flow analysis framework is proposed for parallelizing compilers. Within this framework, symbolic analysis is used as an abstract interpretation technique to solve many of the flow analysis problems in a unified way. Some of these problems are constant propagation, global forward substitution, detection of loop invariant computations, and induction variable substitution. The solution space of the above problems is much larger than that handled by existing compiler technology. It covers many of the cases in benchmark codes that other parallelizing compilers can not handle. Employing finite difference methods, the symbolic analyzer derives a functional representation of programs, which is used in dependence analysis. A systematic method for generalized strength reduction based on this representation is also presented. This results in an effective scheme for exploitation of parallelism and optimization of the code. Symbolic analysis also serves as a basis for other code generation optimizations such as elimination of redundant computations and restructuring of arithmetic expressions.
Optimization of large structures on multiprocessor machines

For the minimum-weight design of structures, the authors present parallel algorithms that are particularly suitable for optimization of large structures such as space stations. The parallel algorithms have been implemented in C on an Encore Multimax shared-memory multiprocessor computer using the concept of cheap concurrency and threads (H. Adeli and O. Kamal, 1989). Emphasis is directed toward parallelizing each computational step of the solution process. Parallel algorithms are developed to ensure the best concurrent performance and speedup within each step. A partitioning algorithm is used to achieve the best workload balance during the solution of the generalized displacements. >
Efficacy of a Facial Emotion Training Program for Children and Adolescents with Autism Spectrum Disorders

Twenty-five high-functioning, verbal children and adolescents with autism spectrum disorders (ASD; age range 8–15 years) who demonstrated a facial emotion recognition deficit were block randomized to an active intervention (n = 12) or waitlist control (n = 13) group. The intervention was a modification of a commercially-available, computerized, dynamic facial emotion training tool, the MiX by Humintell©. Modifications were introduced to address the special learning needs of individuals with ASD and to address limitations in current emotion recognition programs. Modifications included: coach-assistance, a combination of didactic instruction for seven basic emotions, scaffold instruction which included repeated practice with increased presentation speeds, guided attention to relevant facial cues, and imitation of expressions. Training occurred twice each week for 45–60 min across an average of six sessions. Outcome measures were administered prior to and immediately after treatment, as well as after a delay period of 4–6 weeks. Outcome measures included (a) direct assessment of facial emotion recognition, (b) emotion self-expression, and (c) generalization through emotion awareness in videos and stories, use of emotion words, and self-, parent-, and teacher-report on social functioning questionnaires. The facial emotion training program enabled children and adolescents with ASD to more accurately and quickly identify feelings in facial expressions with stimuli from both the training tool and generalization measures and demonstrate improved self-expression of facial emotion.
Formylmethionyl-tRNA Dependence of Amino Acid Incorporation in Extracts of Trimethoprim-Treated Escherichia coli

The growth of Escherichia coli cells in rich, thymine-containing medium was stopped by the addition of trimethoprim, an inhibitor of dihydrofolate reductase. In an extract of these cells (supernatant from an extract centrifuged at 30,000g) amino acid incorporation at 0.005M magnesium-ion concentration, directed by f2 bacteriophage RNA depended strictly on added formylmethionyl-transfer RNA or N5-formyltetrahydrofolate. Hydroxylamine inhibited the amino acid incorporation directed by f2 bacteriophage RNA, when N5-formyltetrahydrofolate had been added, but had no effect when formylmethionyl transfer RNA had been added.
Effect of nitrogen doping on microdefects and minority charge carrier lifetime of high-purity, dislocation-free and multicrystalline silicon

We studied the effects of Si growth in atmospheres containing N/sub 2/ on minority charge carrier lifetime /spl tau/ using a high-purity, induction-heated, float-zone (FZ) crystal growth method. Ingots were grown in ambients that ranged from pure argon (99.9995%) to pure N/sub 2/ (99.999%). /spl tau/ was measured as a function of position along the ingots using the ASTM F28-75 photoconductive decay (PCD) method. We found that Ga-doped, multicrystalline silicon ingot growth in a partial or total nitrogen ambient has a negligible effect on minority charge carrier lifetime and no significant grain boundary passivation effect. Values of 40 /spl mu/s</spl tau/<100 /spl mu/s were typical regardless of ambient. For dislocation-free (DF) growth, the degradation of /spl tau/ is minimal and /spl tau/ values above 1000 /spl mu/s are obtained if the amount of N/sub 2/ in the purge gas is below the level at which nitride compounds form in the melt and disrupt DF growth.
The URE2 protein regulates nitrogen catabolic gene expression through the GATAA-containing UASNTR element in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Many of the gene products that participate in nitrogen metabolism are sensitive to nitrogen catabolite repression (NCR), i.e., their expression is decreased to low levels when readily used nitrogen sources such as asparagine are provided. Previous work has shown this NCR sensitivity requires the cis-acting UASNTR element and trans-acting GLN3. Here, we extend the analysis to include the response of their expression to deletion of the URE2 locus. The expression of these nitrogen catabolic genes becomes, to various degrees, NCR insensitive in the ure2 deletion. This response is shown to be mediated through the GATAA-containing UASNTR element and supports the current idea that the NCR regulatory circuit involves the following steps: environmental signal-->URE2-->GLN3-->UASNTR operation-->NCR-sensitive gene expression. The various responses of the nitrogen catabolic genes' expression to deletion of the URE2 locus also indicate that not all NCR is mediated through URE2.
Interaction of coxsackievirus B3 with the full length coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor.

Group B coxsackieviruses (CVB) utilize the coxsackievirus-adenovirus receptor (CAR) to recognize host cells. CAR is a membrane protein with two Ig-like extracellular domains (D1 and D2), a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic domain. The three-dimensional structure of coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) in complex with full length human CAR and also with the D1D2 fragment of CAR were determined to ∼22 A resolution using cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Pairs of transmembrane domains of CAR associate with each other in a detergent cloud that mimics a cellular plasma membrane. This is the first view of a virus–receptor interaction at this resolution that includes the transmembrane and cytoplasmic portion of the receptor. CAR binds with the distal end of domain D1 in the canyon of CVB3, similar to how other receptor molecules bind to entero- and rhinoviruses. The previously described interface of CAR with the adenovirus knob protein utilizes a side surface of D1.
Prevalence of Marijuana Use Disorders in the United States: 1991-1992 and 2001-2002

ContextAmong illicit substance use disorders, marijuana use disorders are the most prevalent in the population. Yet, information about the prevalence of current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) marijuana use disorders and how prevalence has changed is lacking.ObjectiveTo examine changes in the prevalence of marijuana use, abuse, and dependence in the United States between 1991-1992 and 2001-2002.Design, Setting, and ParticipantsFace-to-face interviews were conducted in 2 large national surveys conducted 10 years apart: the 1991-1992 National Longitudinal Alcohol Epidemiologic Survey ([NLAES] n = 42 862) and the 2001-2002 National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions ([NESARC] n = 43 093).Main Outcome MeasuresRates of past year marijuana use, abuse, and dependence.ResultsAmong the adult US population, the prevalence of marijuana use remained stable at about 4.0% over the past decade. In contrast, the prevalence of DSM-IV marijuana abuse or dependence significantly (P = .01) increased between 1991-1992 (1.2%) and 2001-2002 (1.5%), with the greatest increases observed among young black men and women (P<.001) and young Hispanic men (P = .006). Further, marijuana use disorders among marijuana users significantly increased (P = .002) in the absence of increased frequency and quantity of marijuana use, suggesting that the concomitant increase in potency of delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ9-THC) may have contributed to the rising rates.ConclusionsDespite the stability in the overall prevalence of marijuana use, more adults in the United States had a marijuana use disorder in 2001-2002 than in 1991-1992. Increases in the prevalence of marijuana use disorders were most notable among young black men and women and young Hispanic men. Although rates of marijuana abuse and dependence did not increase among young white men and women, their rates have remained high. The results of this study underscore the need to develop and implement new prevention and intervention programs targeted at youth, particularly minority youth.
Distinct Sets of Cellular Genes Control the Expression of Transfected, Nuclear-Localized Genes

Gene transfection, a process used to study gene function, is itself poorly understood. Transfection-enhancing agents, including phorbol myristic acid (PMA) and histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, have been shown to increase transfection efficiency either by improving gene delivery into cells or by acting directly on delivered DNA sequences to increase their expression. Our results indicate that PMA and HDAC inhibitors can also regulate transfection efficiency by modulating distinct classes of cellular genes, which otherwise limit or block the expression of transfected genes already present in the nucleus. Either HDAC inhibitors or PMA was required to express reporter plasmids already present in the nucleus of lymphocyte lines. HDAC inhibitors and PMA seemed to operate through "transfection-controlling" cellular genes or gene products, rather than acting directly on transfected expression plasmids. PMA appeared to increase transfection efficiency by activating PKC-inducible, immediate-early gene products. Conversely, HDAC inhibitors functioned through a non-PKC-dependent pathway that required new protein synthesis, potentially acting through the de-repression of chromosomal genes. Neither delivery across the cell membrane nor into the nucleus may be rate-limiting for expressing transfected genes in some cell lines. In such cells, the targeted modulation of specific cellular genes may be required to efficiently express transfected genes.
Incidence of thrombo-embolic lesions accompanying myocardial infarction

Abstract 1. 1. The incidence and severity of thrombo-embolic lesions following myocardial infarction has been studied in 160 cases of myocardial infarction encountered in a series of 2,000 consecutive autopsies. 2. 2. Of the 160 cases of myocardial infarction 73 (45 per cent) had a total of 111 thrombo-embolic lesions. 3. 3. Peripheral infarcts were a main or contributory cause of death in 43 of 160 cases. 4. 4. The use of anticoagulants is thought to be warranted when proper control is available. ∗
Simple derivation of the asymptotic Casimir interaction of a pair of finite systems.

Even if all constituents move slowly, the interaction between a pair of systems predicted by nonrelativistic theory can differ drastically at large separations of the systems from the true interaction, that which takes into account the finite speed of the virtual electromagnetic waves (generated by vacuum fluctuations) responsible for the interaction at large separations. We here adapt, improve, and generalize a rough physical picture presented previously, and arrive at exact results for the asymptotic interaction, V(r). One need use neither the Schr\"odinger equation nor the Dirac equation; all that need be known of either system is its electric-dipole polarizability. [For a neutral system, one needs the static scalar \ensuremath{\alpha}(\ensuremath{\omega}=0) for a spherically symmetric system and the static tensor ${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\alpha}}}_{\mathit{i}\mathit{j}}$(\ensuremath{\omega}=0) for a nonspherically symmetric system; the \ensuremath{\alpha}(\ensuremath{\omega}) for an electron is -${\mathit{e}}^{2}$/m${\mathrm{\ensuremath{\omega}}}^{2}$.] Apart from its simplicity and the insights it leads to, the approach provides a uniform derivation for a number of known results, and one result not previously given, the asymptotic interaction of a distant electron and a cylindrically symmetric core, a Rydberg ${\mathrm{H}}_{2}$ molecule and a Rydberg carbon atom, with their cores in their ground states, being prototypes.
Pediatric electrocardiography in the emergency department

Electrocardiography can be a useful screening and diagnostic tool for children seen in an Emergency Department setting. This article reviews the technical aspects of electrocardiography in children and offers an approach to interpretation. Normal values for ECGs in children are presented in tabular format. Electrocardiographic features of several specific conditions are discussed.
Flexible Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy: An Analysis of Proficiency

The purpose of this study was to determine the number of procedures necessary to become proficient in flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination. I performed 99 bronchoscopic procedures during a formal training program under the direct supervision of instructors with varying experience. There were no statistical differences in the bronchoscopic accuracy among the instructors whose experience ranged from 100 to 4,000 bronchoscopic procedures. This implied that 100 procedures were necessary to become proficient in fiberoptic bronchoscopic examination. Immediately following the formal training program, I performed 35 consecutive bronchoscopic procedures without supervision. The diagnostic accuracy of these procedures was not statistically different from the accuracy during the training program. This study suggests that 100 flexible fiberoptic bronchoscopic procedures are sufficient to become proficient.
Abstract 2876: Farnesyltransferase inhibitor induces p53-dependent cellular senescence in colon cancer cells

Farnesyltransferase inhibitors (FTIs), small molecules that inhibit prenylation of multiple proteins such as Ras and Rho, have clinical promise for cancer. FTIs block malignant growth and promote cell death in a wide variety of tumor types in vitro and in vivo, but the mechanisms underlying the antitumor activity of FTIs are not completely understood. We have observed that colon cancer cell line OS187 responds to the FTI tipifarnib with a senescent phenotype, demonstrated as altered cell morphology, elevated senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity, upregulated protein and mRNA levels of senescence markers, and long-term cell cycle arrest. Our previous results also indicated that cells retaining intact p53 are more sensitive to tipifarnib than are cells with absent/inactive p53, suggesting a possible role for p53 in the senescent response to tipifarnib. To test this hypothesis, we used shRNA to reduce p53 expression in OS187 cells. Loss of p53 reversed the swollen and enlarged senescent-like cellular phenotype induced by tipifarnib. In addition, p53 knockdown cells showed less senescence-associated β-galactosidase activity than did scrambled control cells after 7-day treatment with tipifarnib. Cell viability assay suggested that p53 knockdown partially rescued the cytotoxic effects of tipifarnib at low concentrations. Western blot also demonstrated that cell cycle regulatory proteins such as p27, p21, and p15 were significantly upregulated in scrambled control cells while only a slight increase of these proteins were observed in p53 knockdown cells after tipifarnib treatment. Flow cytometry analysis showed that cells with decreased p53 level had a reduced percentage of cells in sub G1 phase when treated with a high concentration of tipifarnib, and fewer cells arresting in G2/M phase when treated with low concentration of tipifarnib compared to the scrambled control cells. This observation suggested that p53 may involve in different pathways depending on the strength of the stress signal imposed by different concentration of tipifarnib. In conclusion, these results confirm that p53 is important for inducing senescence when farnesylation is inhibited in OS187 cells. However, since p53 knockdown has very limited impact on the anti-proliferation effects of tipifarnib at high concentrations, other pathways are expected to play a role in mediating cell susceptibility to tipifarnib. Future experiments will focus on investigating the p53-independent pathways that are responsible for tipifarnib-induced senescence and apoptosis. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 2876. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-2876