cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Isometric knee-extension and knee-flexion torque production during early follicular and postovulatory phases in recreationally active women.

Abstract Context: Acute decreases in strength have been associated with risky biomechanical strategies that might predispose one to injury. Whether acute changes in thigh muscle torque occur across the menstrual cycle remains equivocal. Objective: We compared maximal voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC) torque of the knee flexors and extensors between the early follicular (EF) and either the early luteal (EL) or midluteal (ML) phases, which were confirmed by serum hormone concentrations. We expected that MVIC torques would increase from the EF to the EL phase after estradiol peaked and before increased exposure to progesterone. Design: Cohort study. Setting: Applied Neuromechanics Research Laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Seventy-one recreationally active women (age range, 18–30 years). Intervention(s): The MVICs were measured 1 day during menses and 1 day during the 8 days after ovulation. Participants were grouped by the hormone profile of their luteal test days as EL phase, ML phase, or an...
The Differential Expression of Hepatocyte Growth Factor and Met in Human Placenta

Met is the tyrosine kinase receptor for the ligand hepatocyte growth factor (HGF). Met/HGF plays an important role in epithelial cell proliferation, migration, and morphogenesis. HGF also plays a crucial role in placental development in the mouse. To determine whether HGF potentially has a similar role in human placental development, the production and localization of Met and HGF were determined in early second trimester and term placentas. Reverse transcription-PCR using specific primers demonstrated the expression of Met and HGF messenger ribonucleic acid in placental villi. HGF production was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HGF production over 48 h by second trimester placental villous explants in culture (810 pg/mg total protein·h) was 2.1-fold greater than that in term placental villous explants (380 pg/mg total protein·h; P < 0.01). Isolated trophoblast did not produce HGF, whereas isolated villous core tissues and villous core mesenchymal cells did produce HGF. Interleukin-1β treat...
Who refuses enrollment in cardiac clinical trials

Objective To evaluate the factors associated with refusal to participate in acute cardiac clinical trials.Background Cardiac clinical trials in the acute setting pose a set of unique challenges to enrollment, such as the ability to obtain meaningful informed consent. In addition, it is unclear whether enrollment is associated with the sociodemographic characteristics (such as age, race and gender) of those being recruited. While policies have been instituted to enhance the representation of women and minorities in research, limited data exist on current enrollment patterns and reasons for refusal to participate in cardiac clinical trials.Methods 184 patients approached to participate in one of 25 cardiac clinical trials at Duke University Medical Center from 11/01 to 05/04 were surveyed regarding reasons for or against participation in clinical trials to identify predictors of non-enrollment.Results The mean age of the respondents was 61.6 years (SD 12.2), with 36% female and 32% non-white patients. There...
Performance evaluation of alternative polymer-modified asphalt binders

Styrene–butadiene–styrene (SBS) polymer-modified asphalt (PMA) binder is widely known to provide superior performance, particularly in terms of cracking, as compared to unmodified asphalt binder. In recent years, alternative PMA binders have been developed to meet PG 76-22 specifications and requirements from the multiple stress creep recovery (MSCR) test. However, existing tests/requirements may not be sufficient to ensure the quality of alternative PMA binders. This study evaluated seven types of alternative PMA binders using different tests, including existing Superpave PG binder tests, the MSCR test, and a newly developed binder fracture energy (BFE) test. Results showed that four alternative PMA binders can potentially have equivalent performance to SBS binder. Three deficient binders were identified in both the MCSR and the BFE tests. Superpave PG binder tests, however, distinguished only one as deficient. Compared to the MSCR test, which provides a qualitative assessment (pass/fail criterion), the ...
Darley's contributions to the understanding and diagnosis of developmental apraxia of speech

In addition to his well-acknowledged work in the area of acquired neurologic communication disorders, Fred Darley also made significant contributions to how we think about speech disorders in children. His careful attention to nosology and his expertise in differential diagnosis led to a specific and important contribution in the area of developmental apraxia of speech. His work, along with Dr Yoss, contributed significantly to our understanding of this developmental motor speech disorder, as well as to the development of assessment and treatment strategies for this group of children. This paper will examine Darley's work in developmental apraxia of speech, both as a clinician and as a researcher.
Peritoneal macrophages express both P-selectin and PSGL-1.

Macrophages, phagocytic cells involved in an early phase of host defense, are known to express the P-selectin ligand, PSGL-1. Heretofore, P-selectin has only been found on platelets and endothelial cells. Here, we demonstrate that peritoneal macrophages isolated by peritoneal lavage of unchallenged mice express P-selectin on the plasma membrane. The peritoneal macrophages synthesize P-selectin, as indicated by metabolic labeling experiments. P-Selectin is constitutively expressed on the extracellular surface of macrophages but is only partially colocalized with PSGL-1. P-Selectin is rapidly translocated from the macrophage plasma membrane to intracellular vesicles and to lysosomes. Peritoneal macrophages assemble into cell strings under flow conditions based upon macrophage–macrophage interactions mediated by P-selectin and PSGL-1. This is the first description of a leukocyte shown to express both P-selectin and PSGL-1.
Regulation of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase

It is generally believed that mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase is a heterodimer consisting of catalytic and regulatory subunits. However, the contribution of the two subunits to the kinase-mediated signal transduction has remained undefined. In the present study recombinant components of mammalian pyruvate dehydrogenase complex were employed in order to characterize the role of the kinase catalytic subunit in the regulation of pyruvate dehydrogenase reaction. The results provide the first evidence strongly suggesting that the catalytic subunit of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase is competent to respond to known effectors of kinase activity as well as to interact with the E2-core without assistance of a regulatory subunit.
Transurethral fulguration of bladder diverticulum new procedure

Transurethral fulguration of bladder diverticulum (TUFD) is a new and simple procedure. Since July, 1975, 17 patients have had TUFD at the time of transurethral resection of the prostate. Cystograms have been obtained from one week to twelve months after surgery. The diverticulum has shrunk in 9 cases and has totally disappeared in 5; follow-up is incomplete in 3 cases.
Corpus luteal contribution to maternal pregnancy physiology and outcomes in assisted reproductive technologies

Investigations in the rat model of pregnancy indicate an important role for the corpus luteal (CL) hormone relaxin in the maternal circulatory and osmoregulatory changes in pregnancy, which are epitomized by profound vasodilation and modest hypoosmolality, respectively. In a pilot study of infertile women who became pregnant through donor eggs, in vitro fertilization, and embryo transfer, the gestational rise in glomerular filtration and fall in plasma osmolality were markedly subdued. Because these women were infertile, they lacked a CL and circulating relaxin (and possibly other vasoactive CL hormones). Based on these findings in pregnant rats and women, we hypothesize that infertile women conceiving through donor eggs will have overall subdued circulatory changes (e.g., attenuated reduction in systemic vascular resistance and subdued increase in cardiac output) particularly during early pregnancy when CL hormones predominate before the full development and maturation of the placenta. In contrast, infertile women conceiving by autologous eggs retrieved after ovarian stimulation and fresh embryo transfer may have a relatively hyperdynamic circulation due to the presence of many CL (up to 20 or more) and higher circulating levels of vasodilatory ovarian hormones such as relaxin. Emerging evidence suggests that women undergoing Assisted Reproductive Technologies (ART) have increased risk for adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preeclampsia and small for gestational-age babies. This increased risk may be partly caused by the maternal milieu, which is not physiological in ART pregnancies due to the abnormal status of the CL.
Instantaneous temperature and density by spontaneous Raman scattering in a piston engine

A pulsed spontaneous Raman scattering (SRS) system that achieves single-shot temperature and nitrogen density measurements in a homogeneous charge, spark ignition engine is described. A Q-switched, frequency doubled YAG laser was used to obtain time resolution of 10 nanoseconds. The nitrogen density was determined from the Stokes vibrational Raman intensity and the temperature was determined from the ratio of anti-Stokes to Stokes vibrational intensities. The moments of the probability distribution functions (PDFs) for both nitrogen density and temperature at various crank angles at equivalence ratios of 0.72, 0.81, 0.91 and 1.0 are presented. Cycle-averaged spectral scans demonstrating the lack of laser induced interferences are also presented.
Concerted Signaling by Retinal Ganglion Cells

To analyze the rules that govern communication between eye and brain, visual responses were recorded from an intact salamander retina. Parallel observation of many retinal ganglion cells with a microelectrode array showed that nearby neurons often fired synchronously, with spike delays of less than 10 milliseconds. The frequency of such synchronous spikes exceeded the correlation expected from a shared visual stimulus up to 20-fold. Synchronous firing persisted under a variety of visual stimuli and accounted for the majority of action potentials recorded. Analysis of receptive fields showed that concerted spikes encoded information not carried by individual cells; they may represent symbols in a multineuronal code for vision.
Dissipative effects in the longitudinal magnetic oscillations of superfluid liquid $sup 3$He-A

A theory of relaxation in the longitudinal magnetic ringing of the A phase of superfluid liquid $sup 3$He is presented. An attempt is made to compare the theory with some recent experimental data. Some features of the data are in semiquantitative accord with the theory, but there are unresolved discrepancies about which some comments are made. (AIP)
Constitutive activity of native thyrotropin-releasing hormone receptors revealed using a protein kinase C-responsive reporter gene.

The native TRH receptor (TRH-R), which is a G protein-coupled receptor that signals via the phosphoinositide transduction pathway, has been assumed to be inactive in the absence of agonist. In contrast, a mutant mouse TRH-R (C335Stop TRH-R) was shown previously to exhibit constitutive (or agonist-independent) signaling activity. In this report, we measured signaling activity of TRH-Rs using a protein kinase C-responsive reporter gene instead of formation of inositol phosphate second messenger molecules. Using this more sensitive system, we show that native mouse TRH-Rs exhibit agonist-independent signaling activity that is directly proportional to the number of receptors expressed in COS-1 cells and is inhibited by negative antagonist benzodiazepine drugs. As expected, the basal signaling activity of native TRH-Rs is lower than C335Stop TRH-Rs. Constitutive activity of native TRH-Rs is not peculiar to COS-1 cells in which receptor density is markedly elevated, because it can also be demonstrated in Madin ...
Silencing Bcl-2 Expression in Epithelial Cancer Cells Using “Smart” Particles

Short interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted against anti-apoptotic Bcl-2 protein proved to knockdown its expression and trigger cancer cell death. We used degradable, pH-sensitive, comb-like [P(EAA-co-BMA)-b-PNASI-g-P(HMA-co-TMAEMA)] polymer to condense anti-Bcl-2 siRNA into “smart” particles, which proved to shuttle their cargo past the endosomal membrane and into the cytoplasm of HeLa and UM-SCC-17B cancer cells. HeLa and UM-SCC-17B cancer cells were treated with anti-Bcl-2 particles followed by quantifying Bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels using qRT-PCR and western blotting, respectively. “Smart” anti-Bcl-2 particles selectively suppress Bcl-2 mRNA and protein levels in HeLa cells by 50%–60% and 79%–81%, respectively. Similarly, “smart” anti-Bcl-2 particles inhibited Bcl-2 mRNA levels by 30%, 40%, and 20% upon incubation with UM-SCC-17B cancer cells for 48, 72, and 96 h, respectively. Bcl-2 protein expression in UM-SCC-17B cancer cells was inhibited by 30% after treatment for 72 h. Results show that pH-sensitive comb-like polymer complex anti-Bcl-2 siRNA forming “smart” nanoparticles that deliver their cargo into the cytoplasm of HeLa and UM-SCC-17B cancer cells causing Bcl-2 knockdown at the mRNA and protein levels.
Twenty Years of KSHV

Twenty years ago, Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS) was the oncologic counterpart to Winston Churchill’s Russia: a riddle, wrapped in a mystery, inside an enigma. First described by Moritz Kaposi in 1872, who reported it to be an aggressive skin tumor, KS became known over the next century as a slow-growing tumor of elderly men—in fact, most KS patients were expected to die with the tumor rather than from it. Nevertheless, the course and manifestations of the disease varied widely in different clinical contexts. The puzzle of KS came to the forefront as a harbinger of the AIDS epidemic. The articles in this issue of Viruses recount progress made in understanding Kaposi’s sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV) since its initial description in 1994.
Effects of initial tendency and real risk on choice shift

Abstract Individual-group ( I 1 , G ) and pre-post-discussion individual ( I 1 I 2 ) choice shifts were investigated. Individuals worked alone, then in interacting groups, and then alone again to select grading schemes for courses in which they were enrolled. They made choices from a set of defined options which were shown to differ significantly in perceived risk. Group size, heterogeneity of group members' prediscussion decisions, and time of decision task administration were statistically controlled. I 1 G choice shift was investigated for 1353 students who formed 268 groups. I 1 I 2 choice shift was investigated for 330 students in 65 groups. For both I 1 G and I 1 I 2 choice shift we found significant independent effects supporting cautious shift and simple averaging. The effect sizes of caution and averaging were not significantly different from each other. Additional participants, who were members of groups experiencing choice shift, provided information as to why the shifts occurred. A content analysis of their responses revealed that two-thirds provided explanations consistent with persuasive arguments theory and one-third provided explanations consistent with social comparison theory.
Reduction of Tissue Edema by Microdialysis

Objective: This is the first report (to our knowledge) of the use of tissue microdialysis to reduce tissue edema. In this study, a hyperosmotic solution was perfused through microdialysis catheters, allowing direct treatment of interstitial edema by osmosis. Design: First, the catheter and perfusate characteristics were tested in vitro. A physiologic, controlled trial was then performed, with two outcome variables: osmolarity of the effluent and tissue water content. Subjects: Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats. One rat was withdrawn. Interventions: Tissue microdialysis catheters were implanted in the rats. The control side of the animals was not perfused. The experimental side was perfused for 9 hours. Results: Osmolarity of the perfusate was reduced 16.5 mOsm after passing through the catheter, indicating that fluid was removed from the tissue. Tissue edema was reduced by an average 1.8 mL of fluid per 100 g of wet tissue. Conclusions: Tissue microdialysis removed tissue fluid and reduced edema. This treatment may have a beneficial effect on edematous tissues. Potential use and limitations of this therapeutic modality are discussed. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 1995;121:662-666)
Philanthropy’s role: working alongside communities to support social change

The field of philanthropy and funders at large can serve an important role in working alongside community to support social change. However, in doing so, the funder must answer challenging question...
The infrared dimer spectra of matrix isolated HCl-HBr-HI mixtures☆

Abstract The spectra of HCl + HBr + HI mixtures in Ar and Kr are reported. The transitions due to HCl:HCl, HBr:HBr, HI:HI and various mixed dimers are assigned. All dimer absorption frequencies exhibit a red shift relative to the monomeric gas phase frequencies. All dimer absorptions are relatively insensitive to changes in the host lattice but quite dependent upon the dimer partner. The red shift trend with change of dimer partner is consistent with the change in polarizability.
Can herpes zoster be prevented

Primary infection with the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) results in the clinical syndrome of varicella, with concomitant establishment of latent VZV within the cranial and dorsal root ganglia of most (or all) infected individuals. Latent VZV probably persists for the life of the host. The nature of latency is poorly understood, but some evidence suggests that the viral genome exists in an episomal form, similar to that of several other herpes viruses. Various laboratories have sited latency within the ganglia in either neuronal or satellite cells. Transcription of at least five VZV genes has been detected in ganglia removed at autopsy, but intact, complete VZV has not been recovered from ganglia.
Direct-to-consumer advertising and drug therapy compliance

Because of their arm's-length relationship with patients, pharmaceutical manufacturers have been interested in whether drug advertising can improve therapy compliance. Contrary to many industry sur...
Interaction of Metallic Nanoparticles with a Biologically Active Molecule, Dopamine

We present the results of first-principles molecular orbital calculations describing the interaction of metallic nanoparticles, represented by Mn13, Ag13, and Al13 atomic clusters, with a biologically active molecule, dopamine. The interaction strength, determined in terms of the nanoparticle−molecule complex binding energy, is found to be higher for Mn than either Ag or Al and can be explained in terms of the degree of the hybridization of the (metal) atomic orbitals with the molecular orbitals in the complex. Furthermore, smaller interaction strength of these metallic nanoparticles with water compared to that with dopamine predicts the preference of forming a complex of dopamine with the metallic nanoparticles in the aqueous solution. The calculated results may therefore suggest that the presence of these metallic nanoparticles could induce different levels of dopamine depletion in solution.
Effects of Teacher Autonomy Support and Students Autonomous Motivation on Learning in Physical Education

This study applied self-determination theory to investigate the effects of students' autonomous motivation and their perceptions of teacher autonomy support on need satisfaction adjustment, learning achievement, and cardiorespiratory fitness over a 4-month personal conditioning unit. Participants were 253 urban adolescents (121 girls and 132 boys, ages = 12–14 years). Based on a series of multiple regression analyses, perceived autonomy support by teachers significantly predicted students' need satisfaction adjustment and led to learning achievement, especially for students who were not autonomously motivated to learn in physical education. In turn, being more autonomous was directly associated with cardiorespiratory fitness enhancement. The findings suggest that shifts in teaching approaches toward providing more support for students' autonomy and active involvement hold promise for enhancing learning.
The development of turbulent transport in a vertical natural convection boundary layer

Three calibrated hot-wire sensors and a thermocouple were used to measure the longitudinal and normal components of velocity, u and v, and the temperature, t, in the transition flow regime of the buoyancy induced boundary layer adjacent to a constant heat flux vertical surface. Analog signals of the sensor were digitized and recorded on magnetic tape in real time. The digital data were processed using a fast-Fourier transform algorithm to calculate variances, u'2t'2, covariances, u'v', v't', correlation coefficients, Rv't', Ru't'; and variance spectra of u'2 and t'2. In transition, velocity and temperature fluctuation levels, u'2 and t'2, increased with increasing distance downstream and the disturbance spectrum broadened to a larger range of frequencies. At the end of transition, the growth of velocity fluctuations, u'2, was sharply reduced. However, another flow regime beyond transition was identified in which the spectra of velocity fluctuations continued to broaden and temperature fluctuation levels t'2, as well as turbulent heat fluxes continued to increase.
COMING TO TERMS: USING TECHNOLOGY TO KNOW IDENTITY

Recent advances in information and communication technologies have led some cultural theorists to hypothesize that Western society is undergoing a dramatic change in ways of knowing one’s self and identity. Cases in point are those people who identify as “trans” (i.e., cross-dressers, transsexuals, transgendered persons). In the first half of the twentieth century, trans persons had very limited contact, if any, with others like themselves. The argument of cultural theorists is that increasingly sophisticated information and communication technologies have encouraged the development of trans communities across North America. An analysis of the narratives in an oral history project involving Toronto’s trans community largely supports the assertions of project involving Toronto’s trans community largely supports the assertions of cultural theorists. The majority of respondents felt communication technologies played a central role in their developing sense of gender. Communication technologies generally provided a sense of connection with others, alleviated the isolation and loneliness, and provided hope by showing that a trans person’s life was possible. However, many respondents also reported critical misgivings about communication technologies and their influence on trans subjectivities.
Determination of “free” iron and iron bound in metalloproteins via liquid chromatography separation and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (LC-ICP-OES) and particle beam/hollow cathode-optical emission spectroscopy (LC-PB/HC-OES) techniques

The abilities of liquid chromatography-particle beam/hollow cathode-optical emission spectrometry (LC-PB/HC-OES) and liquid chromatography-inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (LC-ICP-OES) techniques are demonstrated for the quantitative determination of free iron and bound iron in metalloproteins. Separations were performed in the size exclusion and reversed-phase chromatographic modes. Myoglobin, holo-transferrin and iron(II) chloride were separated by size exclusion chromatography and the eluent species were detected by both PB/HC-OES and ICP-OES through the Fe I 259.9 nm and S I 180.7 nm optical emission. Sulfur optical emission was monitored as means of protein identification through the Fe/S empirical formula differences, with the absence of S emission used to identify the “free” Fe. Both techniques demonstrated detection limits for triplicate injections on the nanogram level for iron (0.9 ng mL−1 ICP-OES and 41.9 ng mL−1 PB/HC-OES) over the concentration range of 0.1 ng mL−1–100 μg mL−1 for iron and iron metalloproteins. The corresponding values for sulfur in the proteins were more similar for the two techniques, being of the order of 20 ng mL−1. The SEC retention times and peak shapes of the three analyte peaks for both techniques are similar to those determined by UV absorbance at 220 nm (Fe-containing metalloproteins) and conductivity (inorganic iron), demonstrating the ability of both techniques to preserve the integrity of the separation. While the LODs in “bulk” sampling were lower with ICP-OES, the signal-to-noise values were comparable for both techniques when sampling chromatographic eluents in real-time. In addition, a reversed-phase separation of the same analyte mixture was carried out with Fe I 259.9 nm and S I 180.7 nm optical emission detection by the PB/HC-OES, demonstrating the compatibility of the PB/HC-OES with a wide range of solvent polarities, its ability to detect non-metals and act as a protein specific detector for liquid chromatography of proteins.
Weak separability of non-tradables from consumer good imports: A simple test with evidence from Bangladesh

Abstract The price of non-tradables is excluded from the price vector of the standard specification of import functions by invoking weak separability. This paper argues that the standard model is misspecified and the test of separability of non-tradables used in the literature is inappropriate. A theoretically consistent test is developed and applied to the case of consumer good imports of Bangladesh.
The State of Vocabulary Research

Twenty-four studies were included in this systematic review of vocabulary research literature. The review corroborates the findings of past studies that several strategies have emerged that increase students' vocabulary knowledge. Findings further reinforce the National Reading Panel's recommendations regarding the context and magnitude of studies needed. Additionally, the analysis of the methodological characteristics of the 24 studies reveals mixed alignment of research methods with standards recommended by educational and research organizations.
Blood pressure studies in black and white inner-city and suburban adolescents☆☆☆

Abstract Blood pressures and anthropometric and demographic variables were assessed in 536 students, ages 14–17 years, in integrated suburban and urban schools with comparison of blood pressures between black and white adolescents within and between suburban and urban schools. Of the 536 students, 339 were in a suburban school (237 white and 102 black), and of the 197 students in an urban school, 63 were white and 134 were black. Using multiple regression, explanatory variables significantly entering the equation for systolic blood pressure included sex, geographic area (urban higher), and left-arm circumference; significant explanatory variables in the equation for diastolic blood pressure included geographic area (urban higher), age, and left-arm circumference. These variables were consequently used in analysis of covariance as covariables (age and left-arm circumference), or as independent variables (sex and geographic area). After covariance adjustment for the explanatory variables above, differences in systolic and diastolic blood pressure between geographic areas remained significant (urban higher), while differences between races remained nonsignificant. After covariance adjustment, urban-suburban differences in both systolic and diastolic blood pressures were greater for blacks than whites, a significant race-geographic area interaction. Within geographic areas, there were no significant black-white systolic and diastolic blood pressure differences, save for higher pressures in suburban white females compared with suburban black females. Urban students of both races had higher blood pressures than their suburban counterparts. This finding suggests that shared environments for both races leads to shared blood pressures.
An electron microscopic study of chordamesoderm-neurectoderm association in gastrulae of a toad, Xenopus laevis.

Gastrulae from South African Clawed Toads, Xenopus laevis, were fixed in phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde, postfixed with Os O4 and prepared for electron microscopy. Mesodermal cells did not contact cells of the ectodermal layer. Furthermore, unexpected quantities of extracellular material filled the space between layers during early stages of gastrulation. Extracellular material consisted of glycogen, ribonucleoprotein particles, and fibrillar material, similar to material present in lobes of mesodermal cells during the first half of gastrulation. Mesodermal lobes and extracellular materials were also present in ectodermal sandwiches incubated with mesoderm for three hours, but were absent in explants cultured less than three hours. Extracellular materials were also absent in ectodermal sandwiches cultured with presumptive epidermis (non-inducing cells) for three hours. Ectodermal cells appear to incorporate fibrillar material from the interspace by pinocytosis during late stages of gastrulation. Autoradiographs suggest that labeled RNA is not transferred to ectoderm during gastrulation, but is involved in protein synthesis within mesodermal cells. The product of this synthesis might be visualized as extracellular fibrillar material.
Symptomatic ischemic heart disease resulting from obstructive intramural coronary amyloidosis.

Abstract PURPOSE: Obstructive intramural coronary amyloidosis is an unusual complication of systemic amyloidosis. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We review the characteristics of 11 patients seen at the Mayo Clinic (Rochester, Minnesota) from January 1, 1960, to June 1, 1999, with intramural cardiac amyloidosis diagnosed at autopsy or after examination of an explanted heart. RESULTS: Symptomatic ischemic heart disease resulting from obstructive intramural coronary amyloidosis was found in 11 patients (8 men, 3 women). The mean (±SD) age at the diagnosis of primary amyloidosis was 62 ± 12 years. All patients had angina pectoris; angina was the presenting symptom of primary amyloidosis in 6 patients. Unstable coronary syndromes occurred in 7 patients and congestive heart failure in 8. New electrocardiographic abnormalities after the development of angina were common and included ischemic changes, bundle branch block, and dysrhythmias. Low voltage was seen in only 2 patients. All 7 patients who underwent coronary angiography had normal or clinically insignificant findings. Endomyocardial biopsy was performed on 4 patients; amyloid was found in 3 patients, none of whom had obstructive intramural coronary amyloidosis. The diagnosis of obstructive intramural coronary amyloidosis with associated myocardial injury was established only at autopsy or after examination of the explanted heart after cardiac transplantation. The mean time to death or cardiac transplantation after symptoms of cardiac ischemia developed was 18 ± 20 months. CONCLUSIONS: The diagnosis of ischemic heart disease resulting from obstructive intramural coronary amyloidosis is difficult to establish before death or cardiac transplantation. Although the condition has a poor prognosis, its accurate recognition may have therapeutic implications, because some patients may benefit from treatment, including systemic chemotherapy or cardiac transplantation.
A New Solar Carbon Capture Process: Solar Thermal Electrochemical Photo (STEP) Carbon Capture

The first experimental evidence of a new solar process, combining electronic and chemical pathways, to isolate CO2 (carbon capture) is presented. This solar thermal electrochemical photo (STEP) process is a synergy of solid-state and solar thermal processes, and is fundamentally capable of converting more solar energy than photovoltaic or solar thermal processes alone. Here, CO2 is captured using a 750−950 °C electrolysis cell powered by a full spectrum solar simulator in a single step. The process uses the full spectrum; solar thermal energy decreases the energy required for carbon capture, while visible sunlight generates electronic charge to drive the electrolysis. CO2 can be captured from 34% to over 50% solar energy efficiency (depending on the level of solar heat inclusion), as solid carbon and stored, or used as carbon monoxide to be available for a feedstock to synthesize (with STEP generated hydrogen) solar diesel fuel, synthetic jet fuel, or chemical production.
Twentieth century shifts in abundance and composition of vegetation types of the Sierra Nevada, CA, US

Questions Has tree density changed consistently across vegetation types? Do changes in component species correspond with changes across vegetation types? Do patterns of changes suggest potential drivers of change? Location Northern two-thirds of the Sierra Nevada, CA, USA, ca. 45 000 km2. Methods Using two data sets that cover the span of elevations and land jurisdictions in the study area, we classified 4321 historical plots and 1000 modern plots into nine broad groups of vegetation types that are widely used by land managers and researchers in the region. We compared tree density and composition between historical and modern plots across and within these nine types. Results In the modern data set, tree density was significantly higher in eight of nine vegetation types. Total density was significantly higher in modern plots for all west slope types, especially for montane hardwood, where modern forests are 128% denser, and mixed conifer forests, which are 69% denser. Relative density of component species was also very different between data sets in these forests, and suggests a shift in dominance toward shade-tolerant conifers and evergreen oaks. Fire suppression is likely a driving factor in these types but density was also significantly higher in high-elevation types such as sub-alpine forest (+20%), where neither fire suppression nor logging have had major impacts on structure. East slope forest types (eastside P. jeffreyi forest and pinon-juniper woodland) were very similar in both modern and historical data sets, with no significant differences in density or composition. Conclusion West slope forest types, especially montane hardwood and mixed conifer forest, appear the most altered types of the mountain range. These types are more productive but have also been subject to greater disturbance than high-elevation and east slope forest types. Climate change may also be driving changes across the study area. Species such as Quercus chrysolepis and Calocedrus decurrens, which have each increased markedly in abundance, appear well positioned to dominate in the near future, especially under continued fire suppression and a warmer climate.
COMPARISON OF HOT AND COLD MODULUS OF RUPTURE FOR SILICA BRICK

Purpose of the Investigation.—(1) To obtain relative values for the cross-breaking strength of silica brick at temperatures encountered in coke oven practice. (2) To correlate the hot modulus of rupture test, if possible, with the cold modulus of rupture, or cold crushing test, either of which is cheaper and more easily conducted. This report gives the method of making the test, difficulties encountered and results obtained. The report shows a comparison of cold crushing, cold modulus of rupture and hot modulus of rupture on a series of silica brick made from special mixes, commercially burned. Conclusions.—The modulus of rupture of a silica brick at 1350°C is approximately one-third the strength at atmospheric temperature. For this series it averaged from 130 to 189 lbs. per square inch. Too rapid or eccentric heating up to red heat may cause such weakening of the structure or bond that the brick will break under very low pressure. Cross-breaking strength decreases as the temperature increases. Hot modulus of rupture test appears to give results, in most respects, comparable to the cold test, and for routine testing it would seem advisable to use the cold test since it can be made in much shorter time.
Synthesis of alpha-2-AP (acute phase) globulin of rat serum by the liver.

THE appearance of a new protein in rat serum in a wide variety of pathological and physiological states has been reported by several investigators in recent years1,2. The protein which we have designated α2-AP (acute phase) globulin1 has also been referred to as slow α2-globulin (SA2G) (ref. 1), abnormal serum component1, reproduction-associated protein1, and α2-glycoprotein (α2-GP) (ref. 2). The presence of the protein in serum has been detected by immunological procedures1,2 and by filter paper-1 and starch-gel-electrophoretic analyses1. The present communication reports the demonstration of the synthesis of α2-AP globulin by the liver during the acute phase of an inflammatory response.
Education, Religion, and Social Structure in Zaire

This paper is an analysis of the relationship of indigenous and western systems of education in lower Zaire during the period of the transformation of the lineage mode of production prevailing in precolonial times to a form of dependent capitalism. The paper also explores the relationship of these two educational systems to the religion, social structure, and patterns of social stratification of populations of lower Zaire placing special emphasis on the Bakongo.
Application of polarized nuclei and advanced fuel fusion

Abstract The question of the suppression of the D-D reaction by alignment of the nuclear spins of the D is discussed. The arguments for and against the suppression are presented.
Clostridium septicum septicemia with identical metastatic myonecroses in a granulocytopenic patient. Infectious disease emergency

Clostridium septicum is a gram-positive, sporulating spindle-shaped rod. Gas gangrene secondary to trauma is not uncommon. However, nontraumatic clostridial infection causing myonecrosis is quite unusual. This is a unique case report of Clostridium septicum bacteremia with two simultaneously evolving metastatic foci of myonecrosis of the left arm and right thigh that developed in a patient with lymphoma when he became granulocytopenic during his hospital course.
Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1 may regulate renin secretion.

Cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and interleukin-1 (IL-1) are not only immunoregulatory polypeptides, but may have endocrine functions. We have studied the direct effects of recombinant and purified TNF and IL-1 on renln secretion using both static incubations and perifusions of rat renal cortical slices. Ultrapure human IL-1 (hIL-1) at concentrations as low as 5 U/ml (3 × 10-12 M) significantly stimulated renin secretion (control, 98 ± 4%; hIL-1, 153 ± 13%; P < 0.01). TNF similarly induced renin release [control, 97 ± 6%; TNF (10 U/ml), 151 ± 13%; P < 0.005]. TNF and recombinant human 1L-1β (rhlL-iβ) also blocked the inhibitory actions of angiotensin-II (All) on renin release [control, 100 ± 3%; All (2 × 10-7 M), 80 ± 5%; All plus TNF (20 U/ml), 102 ± 7%; All plus rhILβ (10 U/ml), 106 ± 6%; both P < 0.02 vs. All]. A cyclooxygenase (CO) blocker, meclofenamate (M), which does not significantly alter basal renin release, attenuated the TNF- and rhlL-1β-induced renin secretion [TNF (20 U/ml), 13...
Elusive Prey: John Ogbu and the Search for a Grand Theory of Academic Disengagement.

John Ogbu’s work on ‘minority education’ has spawned a number of interesting and useful debates in the US. Having been both an early admirer and critic of Ogbu’s work, I reviewed his work in an Anthropology and Education Quarterly article . The present article reflects upon Ogbu’s work and upon my scholarly engagement with that corpus over the years. I discuss Ogbu’s Shaker Heights study , and offer some reasons why Ogbu is often misread as a deficit theorist. The article closes with an assessment of how Ogbu’s theory and ethnographic practice evolved in what turned out to be his last major piece of work published before his passing.
A Transversely Isotropic Viscoelastic Constitutive Equation for Brainstem Undergoing Finite Deformation

The objective of this study was to define the constitutive response of brainstem undergoing finite shear deformation. Brainstem was characterized as a transversely isotropic viscoelastic material and the material model was formulated for numerical implementation. Model parameters were fit to shear data obtained in porcine brainstem specimens undergoing finite shear deformation in three directions: parallel, perpendicular, and cross sectional to axonal fiber orientation and determined using a combined approach of finite element analysis (FEA) and a genetic algorithm (GA) optimizing method. The average initial shear modulus of brainstem matrix of 4-week old pigs was 12.7 Pa, and therefore the brainstem offers little resistance to large shear deformations in the parallel or perpendicular directions, due to the dominant contribution of the matrix in these directions. The fiber reinforcement stiffness was 121.2 Pa, indicating that brainstem is anisotropic and that axonal fibers have an important role in the cross-sectional direction. The first two leading relative shear relaxation moduli were 0.8973 and 0.0741, respectively, with corresponding characteristic times of 0.0047 and 1.4538 s, respectively, implying rapid relaxation of shear stresses. The developed material model and parameter estimation technique are likely to find broad applications in neural and orthopaedic tissues.
Comparative effects of glutamine analogues on protein metabolism of 6C3H-ED and Ehrlich ascites carcinoma

Abstract Several glutamine analogues were found to increase in vitro amino acid incorporation into protein of 6C3H-ED lymphosarcoma, but protein biosynthesis of the Ehrlich carcinoma was essentially unaffected by the analogs. When compared with the Ehrlich tumor, the 6C3H-ED tumor was found to be extremely limited in its capacity to synthesize glutamine as assessed by the effects of methionine sulfoximine on amino acid incorporation. Both tumors incorporated l -γ-glutamylhydrazide-C 14 into the primary structure of protein in whole cell as well as in cell-free systems. In cell-free studies glutamine was found to competitively inhibit γ-glutamylhydrazide incorporation. A comparison of the stoichiometry of the incorporation of the analogues vs. isoleucine-C 14 in the two types of cells indicated that the influence of the analogue on protein synthesis was more pronounced in 6C3H-ED cells than in Ehrlich cells.
Modulation of food texture using controlled heteroaggregation of lipid droplets: Principles and applications

This article reviews the development and potential application of novel food-grade materials based on heteroaggregation of oppositely charged particles. These particles typically consist of a hydrophobic lipid core and an electrically charged emulsifier shell. Heteroaggregation leads to the formation of emulsion-based products that are highly viscous or gel-like at much lower droplet concentrations than in nonaggregated systems. Heteroaggregation may therefore be useful for developing food products with novel textural characteristics or for creating reduced-calorie versions of full fat foods. We give an overview of the principles of heteroaggregation, the relationship between emulsion microstructure and texture, and possible commercial applications of this method. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 130: 3833–3841, 2013
Dietary regulation of fatty acid synthesis in rat liver and hepatic autotransplants.

Abstract The median lobe of the liver of Long-Evans rats was transplanted subcutaneously by means of a procedure that leaves the bile duct intact but severs the portal blood supply to the autograft. The influence of dietary manipulation on the metabolic characteristics of the autotransplants was investigated to test (i) the importance of the portal system in the adaptive response of liver and (ii) whether the lack of responsiveness of hepatomas to dietary changes is due to the lack of a portal blood supply. We evaluated the metabolic characteristics of livers and autotransplants after the following dietary regimens: a 40-h fast; the same fast followed by re-feeding a fat-free diet, a diet containing 25% hydrogenated vegetable oil or a diet containing 25% corn oil. The effect of an intravenous infusion of glucose was also investigated. The response was gauged by the content of lipid and glycogen, by the activity of several soluble enzymes and by the rate of conversion of [1- 14 C]acetate to CO 2 and fatty acids by tissue slices. The hepatic autotransplants and the livers had similar metabolic characteristics with one notable exception. In the autografts, feeding a diet free of fat did not evoke a rate of lipogenesis any higher than that by feeding a diet containing fat. From these results, we conclude that hepatic tissue transplanted to a subcutaneous environment and receiving no portal blood can adapt to fasting and to refeeding in the same manner as normal liver. Since the lipogenesis in the autograft did not respond to feeding the fat-free diet, regulation of hepatic lipogenesis by carbohydrate feeding requires exposure of the hepatocytes to portal blood. The infusion of glucose established that the autotransplant is capable of adapting to a carbohydrate regimen. Because hepatic autotransplants with a blood supply comparable to that of hepatomas do respond to dietary changes, the site and the blood supply of the hepatoma cannot explain the absence of dietary control in the neoplastic tissue.
Midgut cellular responses to bloodmeal digestion in the mosquito, Culex tarsalis Coquillett (Diptera : Culicidae)

Abstract The cellular responses observed within the midgut epithelium of the mosquito, Culex tarsalis (Diptera : Culicidae), during digestion of a bloodmeal are discussed. The gross morphological changes are similar to those reported for other mosquito species. However, some changes are unique and appear to be related to the relatively large quantities of blood ingested by this mosquito. These changes are specifically the virtual obliteration of midgut epithelial microvilli and the presence of bloodmeal material within intercellular junctional spaces. The process of bloodmeal digestion can be broken down into 5 distinct phases: 0–4-hr postbloodmeal (PBM)-osmoregulation; 4–8-hr PBM-induction of the synthesis of presumed secretory materials; 8–24-hr PBM-synthesis and secretion of synthesized materials (i.e. peritrophic membrane and digestive enzymes); 24–36-hr PBM-digestion and transport of bloodmeal materials across the midgut epithelium into the hemocoel and finally beginning at 48-hr PBM-resting stage until next bloodmeal.
REFRACTION AND REFLECTION OF SONIC ENERGY IN VELOCITY LOGGING

In this paper we have questioned the present accepted concept of straight‐line path of the refracted beam (in velocity logging) as the source of energy for the first arrivals recorded by the receivers. The energy considerations and the field data indicate that possibly we are looking at the curved paths, an idea which so far has not been discussed thoroughly in the literature. Equations are developed for this curve path which are based on Pickett’s empirical relation. Some specific cases were analyzed using the IBM 650. It is evident that these curved paths could be utilized in some cases to yield information about the permeability in situ. In general it is concluded that the field of velocity logging has tremendous potentialities, and there is plenty of room for further research in this area. For example, the development of sonic logging to yield porosity and permeability of the formation in situ is very intriguing. The ideas presented in this paper, after further experimental verification, can also be a...