cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Co-transcriptional production of RNA–DNA hybrids for simultaneous release of multiple split functionalities

Control over the simultaneous delivery of different functionalities and their synchronized intracellular activation can greatly benefit the fields of RNA and DNA biomedical nanotechnologies and allow for the production of nanoparticles and various switching devices with controllable functions. We present a system of multiple split functionalities embedded in the cognate pairs of RNA-DNA hybrids which are programmed to recognize each other, re-associate and form a DNA duplex while also releasing the split RNA fragments which upon association regain their original functions. Simultaneous activation of three different functionalities (RNAi, Forster resonance energy transfer and RNA aptamer) confirmed by multiple in vitro and cell culture experiments prove the concept. To automate the design process, a novel computational tool that differentiates between the thermodynamic stabilities of RNA-RNA, RNA-DNA and DNA-DNA duplexes was developed. Moreover, here we demonstrate that besides being easily produced by annealing synthetic RNAs and DNAs, the individual hybrids carrying longer RNAs can be produced by RNA polymerase II-dependent transcription of single-stranded DNA templates.
The Impact on Mood of Verbal Reminiscing in Later Adulthood

The impact on mood of verbal reminiscing was compared with that of talking about the present or future in a group of thirty-six female participants between the ages of forty-six and eighty-five. Se...
All-weather vehicle classification using magnetometer arrays

Arrays of vector magnetometers employing matched field processing have demonstrated the ability to accurately detect, track, and characterize the magnetic signature of vehicles traveling within range of the sensor field, regardless of weather conditions. This processing works on all types of vehicles, including passenger cars, light trucks, tractor-trailers, tanks, armored personnel carriers, etc. Consistency among the magnetic dipole estimates from similar vehicles has led to investigations of the ability to classify using magnetic information obtained from this process. Preliminary results suggest that separation of the permanent and induced portions of a vehicle's magnetic moment can provide the basis for an accurate, all-weather vehicle classifier.
Characterization of polymorphic microsatellite markers for the green turtle (Chelonia mydas).

We describe primers and polymerase chain reaction conditions to amplify 12 microsatellite loci from the green turtle (Chelonia mydas), including one dinucleotide, four trinucleotide and seven tetranucleotide loci. The primers were tested on 78 individuals from a Pacific population nesting in the Hawaiian Islands. The primer pairs developed in this study yielded an average of 8.33 alleles per locus (range of 3–15 alleles), an average observed heterozygosity of 0.668 (range 0.309–0.910), and an average polymorphic information content of 0.647 (range 0.287–0.894).
Scale control in the high temperature distillation of saline waters by means of fluidized-bed heat exchangers

Abstract The concept of utilizing fluidized beds of granular particles in heat exchangers as a means of preventing scale formation in the high temperature distillation of saline waters is being investigated at Brookhaven National Laboratory. With the bed maintained on the saline water side of the heat exchanger, the tube surfaces have been found to remain free of scale throughout extended tests with sea water in the temperature range 330°F to 340°F. Calcium sulfate, continuously precipitating from solution as fresh feed was added, remained in suspension in the brine stream under recirculation and did not accumulate on the bed particles or, to any extent, in the external piping circuit. Heat transfer coefficients were high due to the presence of the bed particles with over-all values, condensing steam to saline water, maintained at about 850Btu/hrft. 2 °F.
Robust 3D reconstruction system for human jaw modeling

This paper presents a model-based vision system for dentistry that will replace traditional approaches used in diagnosis, treatment planning and surgical simulation. Dentistry requires accurate 3D representation of the teeth and jaws for many diagnostic and treatment purposes. For example orthodontic treatment involves the application of force systems to teeth over time to correct malocclusion. In order to evaluate tooth movement progress, the orthodontists monitors this movement by means of visual inspection, intraoral measurements, fabrication of plastic models, photographs and radiographs, a process which is both costly and time consuming. In this paper an integrate system has been developed to record the patient's occlusion using computer vision. Data is acquired with an intraoral video camera. A modified shape from shading (SFS) technique, using perspective projection and camera calibration, is used to extract accurate 3D information from a sequence of 2D images of the jaw. A new technique for 3D data registration, using a Grid Closest Point transform and genetic algorithms, is used to register the SFS output. Triangulization is then performed, and a solid 3D model is obtained via a rapid prototype machine.© (1999) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Reliability of Lead-Free Solder Joints

Reliability of the restriction of the use of certain hazardous substances in electrical and electronic equipment compliant products is investigated in this study. Emphasis is placed on the lead-free solder joint reliability. Solder is the electrical and mechanical "glue" of electronics assemblies. Will lead-free solders provide the characteristics necessary to allow the world to depend on it in the future? This paper cannot answer this question; however, it will help all participants in the soldering world better understand what needs to be done in order to answer this question and plan for the future.
Application of LASER in Detection and Manipulation of Biomolecules in Lab-on-a-Chip Devices

“Lab-on-a-chip” microfluidic devices can be used for various bioanalytical experiments such as sensing single molecules, separation of cells, and purification of proteins.
Proximity between the sexes in ring doves: Social bonds or surveillance?

Abstract Most bird species are monogamous, and in many instances the male provides a substantial contribution to the care of the young. Traditionally, the initial phase of the relationship between the sexes has been characterized in terms of pair formation and an increasing bond between the sexes. But recent formulations emphasize the role of guarding, surveillance, and other behavioural devices that protect the genetic relationship of the male to the offspring for which he cares. Ring doves were studied to determine whether the details of the relationship during the initial period are consistent with this latter view. Experiment 1 reveals that males remain in close proximity to their mates until the first egg is laid and the fertile period of the female ends; social contact then falls to a low level. Experiment 2 shows that when the female is removed during her fertile period, the male searches and calls more vigorously than does a female when her partner is absent. Finally, Experiment 3 demonstrates that it is visual contact rather than simply proximity that the male maintains during the fertile period of the female. These observations are consonant with the view that males maintain surveillance over their mates, but they do not exclude the possibility that the behaviour patterns might provide other benefits as well.
Concepts of illness in populations as applied to fibromyalgia syndromes.

Fibromyalgia syndromes are common noninflammatory, painful musculoskeletal disorders that vary in the extent and intensity of involvement. The biologic gradient of musculoskeletal pain varies from no or few symptoms and tender points in the majority of persons to generalized fibromyalgia with multiple tender points. Standardized criteria are needed in order to categorize different strata of the biologic gradient of fibromyalgia syndromes and differentiate them from other conditions. Both the sensitivity and specificity of criteria should be high. The course and prognosis of fibromyalgia syndromes are not yet known. Limited clinical data suggest three basic patterns: remitting-intermittent; fluctuating-continuing; and progressive. However, course patterns need to be derived scientifically. Multiple host and environmental factors seem to contribute to the onset and course of fibromyalgia syndromes, and these require definition. Generalized fibromyalgia syndromes share many constitutional manifestations with other common functional disorders, e.g., irritable bowel syndrome and tension headache syndrome, which suggest common underlying psychoneurophysiologic mechanisms in a subset of patients. Progress made in fibromyalgia research will find application in many dysfunctional syndromes without obvious organ pathology.
Gorgon and pathwalking: Macromolecular modeling tools for subnanometer resolution density maps

The complex interplay of proteins and other molecules, often in the form of large transitory assemblies, are critical to cellular function. Today, X-ray crystallography and electron cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM) are routinely used to image these macromolecular complexes, though often at limited resolutions. Despite the rapidly growing number of macromolecular structures, few tools exist for modeling and annotating structures in the range of 3-10 A resolution. To address this need, we have developed a number of utilities specifically targeting subnanometer resolution density maps. As part of the 2010 Cryo-EM Modeling Challenge, we demonstrated two of our latest de novo modeling tools, Pathwalking and Gorgon, as well as a tool for secondary structure identification (SSEHunter) and a new rigid-body/flexible fitting tool in Gorgon. In total, we submitted 30 structural models from ten different subnanometer resolution data sets in four of the six challenge categories. Each of our utlities produced accurate structural models and annotations across the various density maps. In the end, the utilities that we present here offer users a robust toolkit for analyzing and modeling protein structure in macromolecular assemblies at non-atomic resolutions.
Structural and Energetic Details of the DNA-Binding and Cleavage Core of Saccharomyces Cerevisiae Topoisomerases II Linked to DNA through its Active Site Tyrosine

DNA topoisomerases are enzymes that can change the topological state of DNA without changing its primary structure by changing the linking number of the molecule. Topoisomerases are able to solve all the topological problems of DNA that arise during such processes as replication, transcription, recombination or chromosome separation. In our study, S. cerevisiae topoII structure is used to investigate structural and energetic changes of the protein from initial state to final state ( our final state is the DNA-TopoII complex when the protein binds to DNA and the stage just before the DNA cleavage by TopoII). The second goal is to investigate conformational changes of cleavage dependent DNA-gate and C-gate mechanisms of the protein after the protein captures the DNA. Lastly, we aim to get the transition rate constants from free energy profile by employing umbrella sampling method after defining the reaction pathway. In order to investigate the conformational changes during DNA-gate and C-gate opening and/or closing processes, small perturbations are introduced by using HQBMD (Half Quadratic Biased MD) and TMD (Targeted MD) methods by performing a version of CHARMM (Chemistry at HARvard Macromolecular Mechanics).
The Life-Centered Career Education (LCCE) Inventory: A Curriculum-Based, Criterion-Related Assessment instrument

This article describes the development of a Knowledge Battery to assess the competency level of secondary special education students receiving instruction in the Life-Centered Career Education (LCCE) Curriculum (Brolin, in press-a). The LCCE Knowledge Battery is one of two batteries developed by Brolin and associates that resulted in a comprehensive curriculum-based assessment instrument called the LCCE Inventory. The other battey, being completed at the time of this writing, is a Performance Battery. The LCCE Knowledge Battery consists of 89 subcompetency tests, each comprising 20 true-false and multiple-choice items. The battery was developed with the assistance of expert special education item writers and field tested extensively throughout the United States. Test development consisted of the building of an item pool, conducting a pilot and two field tests to identify good items, and a final field test to standardize the battery and determine cutting scores, reliability, and validity. The Inventory, in...
The role of life events, family support, and competence in adolescent substance use: A test of vulnerability and protective factors

Tested propositions from a model of vulnerabifity and protective factors with a multiethnic sample of 1,289 urban adolescents, aged 11-13 years. The criterion variable was a composite score for cigarette, alcohol, and marijuana use. Multiple regression analyses" indicated that vulnerability factors (negative life events, negative affect) were related to a higher level of" substance use, and protective factors (parent emotional and instrumental support, academic and adult competence, positive affect) were related to a lower level of substance use; peer competence was positively related to substance use in a multivariate model. There was a significant overall interaction of Vulnerability × Protective Factors, consistent with a stress-buffering effect. Individual interactions for Life Events x Family Support, Life Events × Competence, and Negative × Positive Affect also were consistent with buffering effects. Implications for theories of substance use and primary prevention are discussed.
Elder abuse and neglect in medicine and law. The need for reform.

(2001). ELDER ABUSE AND NEGLECT IN MEDICINE AND LAW: THE NEED FOR REFORM. Journal of Legal Medicine: Vol. 22, No. 2, pp. 159-209.
Sequence Characterization and Comparative Analysis of Three Plasmids Isolated from Environmental Vibrio spp.

The horizontal transfer of genes by mobile genetic elements such as plasmids and phages can accelerate genome diversification of Vibrio spp., affecting their physiology, pathogenicity, and ecological character. In this study, sequence analysis of three plasmids from Vibrio spp. previously isolated from salt marsh sediment revealed the remarkable diversity of these elements. Plasmids p0908 (81.4 kb), p23023 (52.5 kb), and p09022 (31.0 kb) had a predicted 99, 64, and 32 protein-coding sequences and G+C contents of 49.2%, 44.7%, and 42.4%, respectively. A phylogenetic tree based on concatenation of the host 16S rRNA and rpoA nucleotide sequences indicated p23023 and p09022 were isolated from strains most closely related to V. mediterranei and V. campbellii, respectively, while the host of p0908 forms a clade with V. fluvialis and V. furnissii. Many predicted proteins had amino acid identities to proteins of previously characterized phages and plasmids (24 to 94%). Predicted proteins with similarity to chromosomally encoded proteins included RecA, a nucleoid-associated protein (NdpA), a type IV helicase (UvrD), and multiple hypothetical proteins. Plasmid p0908 had striking similarity to enterobacteria phage P1, sharing genetic organization and amino acid identity for 23 predicted proteins. This study provides evidence of genetic exchange between Vibrio plasmids, phages, and chromosomes among diverse Vibrio spp.
Gu Hongming as a cultural amphibian : a Confucian universalist critique of modern western civilization

Intellectuals around the world debated the meaning of civilization during the World War I era. This article reexamines the life and ideas of the so-called Chinese sage Gu Hongming. Born and raised in British Malaya, Gu grew up as an English-educated Romanticist, but he ended as a staunch monarchist and eminent Confucian propagandist to the early twentieth-century Western world. In contrast to the traditional label of "cultural conservative," I propose the new concept of "cultural amphibians" to characterize Gu and his contemporary "spokesmen of the East." Because of their social "hybrid vigor" and transcultural competence at a time of rapid global transformations, these men were able to forge "authentic" identities across national, ideological, and cultural boundaries. Seemingly rooted in a cultural and ideological confrontation between the West and the non-West, their discourses on "Eastern-Western civilizations" are in fact better seen as marked by a global intellectual syncretism.
Quantitative and dynamic MRI of neuroprotection in experimental stroke

Experimental studies of stroke in animal models have traditionally relied on histological endpoints for the measurement of neuroprotection. In this study, we used in vivo and dynamic MRI to quantify the neuroprotective effects of the non-competitive NMDA antagonist MK801. Four hours of occlusion followed by 6 h of reperfusion was performed in a rabbit model of focal cerebral ischemia. Spin-echo T2-weighted (T2W) MRI was used to quantify ischemic lesion volumes. Hemispheric measurements of perfusion deficits were assessed by using dynamic susceptibility-contrast MRI to map the first-pass transit of injected GdDTPA. Histological correlates of infarction were quantified using tetrazolium staining. Animals treated with 2 mg/kg MK801 infused immediately post-occlusion (n = 6) were compared with untreated controls (n = 8). T2W MRI scans obtained after 6 h of reperfusion showed high-intensity lesions in the ischemic basal ganglia and cortex. MK801-treated animals showed significantly decreased lesion volumes compared to untreated controls (7.3 +/- 3.2% treated vs 20.7 +/- 4.8% control, p < 0.05). Lesion volumes measured with MRI were significantly correlated with tetrazolium-defined infarct volumes (r = 0.766, p = 0.004). Dynamic MRI demonstrated the phenomenon of delayed hypoperfusion in the ischemic hemisphere during the late reperfusion phase; relative cerebral blood volume (rCBV) was 45.2 +/- 10.3% in untreated animals. MK801 slightly improved these deficits although the differences did not reach statistical significance (rCBV = 77.0 +/- 9.7%, p = 0.128).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Nanocrystalline Ag formed by low-temperature high-energy mechanical attrition

Abstract High-energy mechanical attrition of Ag powders was conducted at the liquid nitrogen temperature without using process control agents. This process improves the milling efficiency and yields powders with truly nanocrystalline grain structure. The microhardness and grain growth behavioral different storage temperatures, as well as the excess enthalpy introduced by milling, have been studied and compared with the results for nanophase Ag prepared using other methods.
A quantum chemical investigation and reassignment of the HREELS observed O vibrations on the Al(111) surface

Abstract Quantum chemical calculations on Al clusters are used to simulate the vibrations of O atoms adsorbed on the Al(111) surface. Each O atom in the different Al clusters with either a single O, O 2 or O 3 , is found to preferentially adsorb at a threefold site. We find the experimentally observed HREELS peaks in the 545–650 cm −1 range to correlate with O vibrations normal to the Al(111) surface. While the HREELS peaks in the 800–850 cm −1 range, which was assigned previously to subsurface O, correlate with surface O vibrating parallel to the Al(111) surface to give an assignment which is now more consistent with the expectations of recent STM experiments. However, in agreement with the symmetry based reassignment of the HREELS data by Frederick, Lee and Richardson, we only obtain HREELS active O vibrational modes parallel to surface after symmetric combinations of the modes from O adatoms at neighboring fcc threefold sites are able to form. Further, to obtain vibration frequency values in the ranges measured by the HREELS experiments we diagonalized a mass weighted second derivative matrix and found it necessary to avoid the common approximation of simply treating the mass of the Al surface atoms as infinite. We also used a vibration correction formula, originally developed by Black, as a check on the convergence of the frequency calculations and as a tool for exploring the range of the adsorbate to substrate interactions.
The effects of changing climate on microzooplankton grazing and community structure: drivers, predictions and knowledge gaps

Microzooplankton dominate trophic interactions and biogeochemical processes at the base of pelagic marine food webs and so their responses to a changing ocean environment have potentially large implications for ocean ecosystem functioning. This diverse array of mostly protistan species constitutes an important source of phytoplankton and bacterial mortality, and contributes significantly to the food available to higher trophic levels by packaging minute prey into larger particle sizes that can be consumed by metazooplankton. Microzooplankton are pivotal species in oceanic food webs and nutrient remineralization and so it is essential that we understand the effects that changing climate may have on the biomass, species composition and trophic activities of these assemblages. Yet, our present understanding of this topic is derived from experimental studies of relatively few species subjected to specific environmental variables (e.g. changes in temperature, CO2, pH) in isolated culture. Most experiments and models employed to predict the effects of climate change have focussed on primary productivity and phytoplankton community structure, with less attention paid to microbial heterotrophy. Here we outline some of the major direct and indirect changes in environmental variables that are anticipated to accompany global climate change, and our present state of knowledge regarding their potential impacts on natural microzooplankton assemblages. We highlight a few specific areas for studies to address
THE COST OF RANDOMIZATION IN WORK SAMPLING: AN ILLUSTRATION

Abstract The effects on work sampling statistics of randomization and of sampling delays, minimum spacings between otherwise random observations, are illustrated with a process modeled as an alternating Poisson process, (APP). The relative efficiency (which can be viewed as a sample size ratio) of any sampling plan, to systematic sampling, is formed and plotted for random sampling, and for random sampling following delays of 10%, 20% and 50% of the average observation spacing. Guidelines for sufficient spacing of systematic observations are modified for random sampling. Imposition of cost constraints on time span of a study yields a simple rule for cost optimum spacing of random observations which is shown to approximate the iteratively generated cost optimal spacings of all restricted random sampling plans.
Squaring farm security and food security in two types of alternative food institutions

Abstract Even though both farmers' markets and community supported agriculture were first developed to provide markets for farmers, recently the goals of food security have been attached to these market-based alternative food institutions, based on their potential to be 'win-win” economic solutions for both small-scale farmers and low-income consumers. This article reports on survey and interview research conducted in California during 2004–2005 designed to examine to what extent CSAs and farmers' markets are addressing food security in both concept and practice. Findings show that managers of these institutions generally support the idea of improving the affordability of the food they provide, and most have made an effort to do so, although these efforts vary with institutional capacity. Still, some hedged their interest in supporting food security goals with countervailing concerns such as the need to support farmers first. It is ironic, then, that the way that private CSAs and farmers' markets achieve some elements of food security is by virtue of the support of public food assistance programs.
Antisense mapping of opioid receptor clones: Effects upon 2-deoxy-D-glucose-induced hyperphagia

Abstract Antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS ODNs) directed against exons 1 and 2 of the MOR-1 clone significantly and markedly reduced (81–93%) hyperphagia induced by the anti-metabolic glucose analogue, 2-deoxy- d -glucose (2DG) across a 4 h time course. AS ODNs directed against exons 3 or 4 of the MOR-1 clone had a more limited (1–2 h) duration of action upon 2DG-induced hyperphagia. 2DG-induced hyperphagia was significantly reduced by AS ODNs directed against exon 2 (44–51%), but not exons 1 or 3 of the KOR-1 clone across a 4 h time course. Whereas an AS ODN probe directed against the KOR3/ORL-1 clone produced small (36%), but significant reductions in 2DG-induced hyperphagia, an AS ODN probe directed against the DOR-1 clone was ineffective. These data provide further converging evidence for the roles of primarily mu, but also kappa1 and kappa3 opioid receptors in mediating the hyperphagic effects of glucoprivation.
A light writable microfluidic “flash memory”: Optically addressed actuator array with latched operation for microfluidic applications

This paper presents a novel optically addressed microactuator array (microfluidic “flash memory”) with latched operation. Analogous to the address-data bus mediated memory address protocol in electronics, the microactuator array consists of individual phase-change based actuators addressed by localized heating through focused light patterns (address bus), which can be provided by a modified projector or high power laser pointer. A common pressure manifold (data bus) for the entire array is used to generate large deflections of the phase change actuators in the molten phase. The use of phase change material as the working media enables latched operation of the actuator array. After the initial light “writing” during which the phase is temporarily changed to molten, the actuated status is self-maintained by the solid phase of the actuator without power and pressure inputs. The microfluidic flash memory can be re-configured by a new light illumination pattern and common pressure signal. The proposed approach can achieve actuation of arbitrary units in a large-scale array without the need for complex external equipment such as solenoid valves and electrical modules, which leads to significantly simplified system implementation and compact system size. The proposed work therefore provides a flexible, energy-efficient, and low cost multiplexing solution for microfluidic applications based on physical displacements. As an example, the use of the latched microactuator array as “normally closed” or “normally open” microvalves is demonstrated. The phase-change wax is fully encapsulated and thus immune from contamination issues in fluidic environments.
Hypnosis as an adjunct to the psychotherapy of the severely disturbed patient: an affective development approach.

Abstract An affective development approach to the psychotherapy of severely disturbed patients is presented. A review of nonhypnotic psy-chotherapies of such patients is given, and contemporary trends in pychoanalytic-developmental approaches to the treatment of severe disturliances are described. These approaches are designed to foster structuralization of the ego. A primary deficit in severe disturbance, however, lies in the awareness of the visceral changes accompanying genuine affective experience and the related subjective sense of alive-ness. Related deficits occur in affective expression and tolerance. Target symptoms (e.g., hallucinations and disordered thinking) are secondary phenomena. Hypnosis can be used as an adjunct to psychotherapy for severely disturbed patients who are in a stable therapeutic relationship and who are also hypnotizable. During trance such patients are able to focus on internal events without distraction so as to enhance their awareness of visceral changes normally out of t...
Testing the ownership society: Ownership and voting in Britain

Prior work on political effects of personal asset ownership in the United Kingdom has found a causal link between home and share ownership and conservative political preferences and voting. These estimates appear to confirm the “ownership society” thesis tying privatization and asset ownership to improved prospects for conservative parties. This paper proposes a new identification strategy for testing this causal connection that improves on earlier research designs. I exploit temporal variability in panel data to better specify the definition of home ownership and control for unobserved confounders associated with ownership. Under this design, home ownership is found to have no or very weak effects on voting in the 1997 and 2001 General Elections. Where weakly significant results are found, they suggest a mixed effect on partisan outcomes at the ballot box. Finally, while extending this strategy to financial assets does support the “ownership society” hypothesis, doing so illuminates a very different set of identification problems, which point to underlying flaws in the “ownership society” argument itself.
land tenure and elite formation in the neotraditional monarchies of Tonga and Buganda

This paper compares the historic socioeconomic development of the Polynesian Kingdom of Tonga with that of the African Kingdom of Buganda. New social orders arose in these monarchies from the specific responses of traditional elites, in each case, to land reform and the commercialization of agriculture. This analysis adopts a focus similar to that of Barrington Moore, Jr. in his comparative analysis of the transformation of European old orders. It is suggested that, although models of historic modernization in the West have been found to be of limited use in understanding the political economies of contemporary third-world nations, perspectives such as Moore's have useful, specific parallels in certain non-Western kingships that underwent social transformations as ruling monarchies under the protection of colonial powers.
Translocation of protons and potassium ions across the mitochondrial membrane of respiring and respiration-deficient yeasts.

Abstract 1. Mitochondria from aerobically grown wild-type yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae , incubated anaerobically in a K + -containing medium are impermeable to protons. Permeability to protons was induced by uncoupler in the presence of valinomycin. Swelling in potassium acetate and energy-dependent K + transport induced by valinomycin were similar to those of mammalian mitochondria except that the extent of the volume changes or of K + uptake was considerably smaller with yeas mitochondria. 2. Mitochondria isolated from a cytoplasmic respiration-deficient “petite” mutant were also quite impermeable to H + . As in wild-type yeast mitochondria, valinomycin enhanced the passive permeability for K + in the mutant mitochondria and, together with an uncoupler, induced proton permeability. However, no ATP-dependent K + uptake could be demonstrated. 3. In contrast to wild-type yeast mitochondria, mitochondria from the respiration-deficient mutant exhibited neither uncoupler-sensitive 32 P i -ATP exchange nor a decrease in 8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulphonic acid, sodium salt (ANS) fluorescence on addition of ATP. It is concluded that although the permeability characteristics of the mutant mitochondria are similar to those of normal yeast mitochondria, the terminal segment of the energy-transfer system is rendered non-functional by the cytoplasmic mutation.
RIGHT ATRIAL EMPTYING FRACTIONS ARE ASSOCIATED WITH SURVIVAL IN PULMONARY ARTERIAL HYPERTENSION

Parameters of left atrial function have prognostic importance in left-sided heart failure. Analogous parameters of right atrial function have been sparingly investigated right ventricular (RV) failure. We investigated associations between right atrial emptying fraction (RAEF) and survival in
Collapse of Rectangular Granular Piles in Air and Water

Granular materials are processed in many industries including agricultural, pharmaceutical, mining, and oil-sand and several geophysical processes such as landslides and avalanches. There are few models capable of predicting the flow of granular materials and particularly their collapse. Theoretical studies of the topic usually encounter difficulties in accurately predicting the collapse dynamics and final stable heaps. The two-dimensional gravitational collapse of cohesionless rectangular granular piles is numerically investigated in this paper. Piles surrounded by either air (dry case) or an oil-water mixture (wet case) undergo a dam-break collapse onto a horizontal base. The granular material is modeled as a perfectly plastic substance based on the Mohr-Coulomb law. The constitutive relations represent the granular material as a fluid, with a shear viscosity as a function of solids pressure, the second invariant of the deviatoric strain-rate tensor, and the internal angle of friction of the granular material. This two-phase flow problem (grains and liquid or air) is then formulated accordingly and solved by the mixture model method for the wet collapse and the level-set method for the dry collapse using COMSOL finite-element software. In both air and the liquid, stable heaps are achieved. The results are compared with experimental measurements of Balmforth & Kerswell [1] and Rondon et al. [2]. The model can closely predict the final shape of the collapsed dry pile. The final shape of the collapsed wet pile is also well-predicted when its initial packing concentration is relatively low. Further developments are needed to model the wet collapse of high-initial-concentration piles.© 2013 ASME
Engineering fibrin matrices: the engagement of polymerization pockets through fibrin knob technology for the delivery and retention of therapeutic proteins

Engineering extracellular matrices that utilize the body's natural healing capacity enable the progression of regenerative therapies. Fibrin, widely used as a surgical sealant, is one such matrix that may be augmented by the addition of protein factors to promote cell infiltration and differentiation. The thrombin-catalyzed conversion of fibrinogen to fibrin exposes N-terminal fibrin knobs that bind to C-terminal pockets to form the fibrin network. Here, we have created a platform system for the production of therapeutic proteins that capitalize on these native knob:pocket interactions for protein delivery within fibrin matrices. This system enables the retention of therapeutic proteins within fibrin without additional enzymatic or synthetic crosslinking factors. Using an integrin-binding fibronectin fragment as a model protein, we demonstrate that engineered knob-protein fusions bind consistently and specifically to fibrin(ogen). Equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) obtained using surface plasmon resonance indicate that these fusions have μM binding affinities, comparable to the native knob-containing fibrin fragments. The specificity of these interactions was verified by ELISA in the presence of molar excess of competing knob mimics. Release profiles and real-time confocal imaging demonstrate that the fusions were retained within fibrin matrices, even under the stringent continuous perfusion conditions used in the latter. In summary, this work explores the benefits and limitations of engaging native, biologically-inspired, non-covalent knob-pocket interactions within fibrin(ogen) for the retention of therapeutic proteins in fibrin matrices and provides insight into the stability of native knob:pocket interactions within fibrin networks.
Analysis of Multi-Robot Systems

Abstract This work introduces and analyzes the concept of a multi-robot cell. The paper discusses the advantages of such a cell, suggests a classification scheme and points out the specific activity control issues to achieve conflict free (e.g., no collision) operations. Finally a methodology to aluate the advantages of such a cell is presented and illustrated by an example.
Application of tolerance induced by transfusion of uvb-irradiated leukocytes for establishments of mixed chimerism

Abstract Our earlier study showed that 4 weekly transfusions of UVB-irradiated leukocytes from H-2d BALB/c mice into H-2k (CBA mice can induce immune tolerance to H-2d antigens (Blood 88:4375,1996). To explore whether the induced tolerance can be applied for establishing mixed chimerism, female CBA mice with and without tolerance induction were treated with 100 or 200 cGy γ ray and transplanted with 5×10e6 bone marrow cells from male BALB/c mice. Five hours before transplantation, CBA mice were injected i.p. with or without 0.5 mg MR-1 anti-CD40L monoclonal antibody. A second dose of 0.25mg MR-1 antibody was given 48 hours later. The transplanted mice were followed for GVHD, H-2d positive WBC in blood by flow cytometry, and presence of Y chromosome by PCR. There were 4 mice in each group. Our results demonstrated that increasing numbers of male H-2d positive WBC became detectable only in the blood of tolerant CBA mice treated with MR-1 and 100 or 200 cGy γ ray. On day 25 after BMT, H-2d positive WBC in the blood of 4 tolerant 200-cGy recipient CBA mice were 290/μl(3.4%), 133/μl(2.4%), 99/μl(2%) and 86/μl(1.3%). In tolerant 100-cGy CBA mice, H-2d positive WBC were 23/μl(0.6%), 28/μl(0.5%), 20/μl(0.3%) and 3/μl (0.06%). No male H-2 d positive WBC were detected in the naive control CBA mice. There were no signs of GVHD. Our results show that tolerance induction and anti-CD40L administration are necessary for establishmen mixed chimerism and the dose of γ radiation significantly influences the degree of chimerism.
Early Adolescent Social and Overt Aggression: Examining the Roles of Social Anxiety and Maternal Psychological Control

This study examined the factors contributing to the self-reported use of social and overt aggression among 745 10–14-year-old European American and Latino adolescents. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses showed that dispositional social evaluative anxiety was uniquely positively associated with boys’ and girls’ social aggression and negatively associated with boys’ overt aggression. Maternal psychological control was positively associated with overt aggression for all boys, but with social aggression only for Latino boys. Although maternal psychological control also was associated with girls’ use of overt aggression, this effect was stronger among older than among younger females. The relationship between maternal psychological control and girls’ social aggression was mediated by social evaluative anxiety. Implications for elevated levels of social evaluative anxiety are discussed within a social cognitive theory perspective and for maternal psychological control within a social learning theory perspective.
Gastrointestinal tract feeding access and the role of fundoplication in combination with gastrostomy.

Purpose of review feeding acces and ossiated antireflux procedures continue to be some of the most common opeartions performed in pediatric patients. This review will discuss the various feeding access procedures available, including minimally invasive techniques, and further elaborate on appropriate indications for a concurrent antireflux procedure as well as alternatives to fundoplication. Recent findings Gastrostomy and jejunostomy can be successfully placed using endoscopic or laparaoscopic techniques with low complication rates. Nissen fundoplication is well described laparoscopically but failure with recurrent gastroescophageal reflux has resulted in the development of other operative alternatives. Decisions concerning appropriate long-term feeding acces must be individualized, understanding the advantages and disadvantages of gastrostomy and jejunostomy techniques. Laparoscopic Nissen fundoplication is successful for treatment of patients who fail medical therapy of gastroesophageal reflux, but reccurent gastroesophageal reflux is a persistent problem that requires innovative solutions. other operative alternative
Supplying Demand: Walt Whitman as the Liberal Self

(1986). Supplying demand: Walt Whitman as the liberal self. New Political Science: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 39-61.
Enantiomerically selective vapochromic sensing

Abstract The double salt materials platinum(II)tetrakis-R-β-methylphenethylisocyanide tetracyanoplatinate(II) ( R-1 ) and platinum(II)tetrakis-S-β-methylphenethylisocyanide tetracyanoplatinate(II) ( S-1 ) have been synthesized with highly enantiomerically pure isocyanide ligands. The vapochromic behavior of R-1 and S-1 has been studied in the presence of a chiral probe vapor to determine if enantiomerically selective sensing is possible with these materials. The wavelength of maximum emission values ( λ max ) for solid-state vapoluminescence spectra of R-1 and S-1 in the presence of enriched R- and S-2-butanol vapor differ by approximately 10 nm while the λ max values for R-1 and S-1 under nitrogen are nearly identical. Principal component analysis has been performed on datasets that consist of a series of vapoluminescence spectra of R-1 and S-1 as a function of the R/S-2-butanol ratio. Plots of principal component one versus R/S-2-butanol ratio show mirror image trends for R-1 relative to S-1 . While care must be taken to control water vapor and monitor R-1 and S-1 for possible decomposition, the reported results nevertheless show that R-1 and S-1 are capable of enantiomerically selective vapochromic sensing.
Strong consistency of nearest neighbor regression function estimators

For a well-known class of nonparametric regression function estimators of nearest neighbor type the uniform measure of deviation from the estimators to the true regression function is studied. Under weak regularity conditions it is shown that the estimators are uniformly consistent with probability one and the corresponding rate of convergence is near-optimal.
Fatigue crack evolution in overaged Ni14.4at.% Al alloy with coherent precipitates

Abstract An NiAl alloy, heat treated so as to obtain coherent precipitates 46.0 nm in diameter, was cycled under constant plastic strain amplitude. Transmission electron microscopy replicas were stripped from the specimen surface at various stages in the cycling to record the fine surface details. Surface microcracks, as small as 45 nm, were easily observable and occurred in “families” lying parallel to the surface slip lines. Continued cyclic straining caused microcracking again in families along slip lines but these cracks were aligned along secondary slip line directions. Interconnection of the former type of microcracks led to microcrack growth which displayed straight planar cracking patterns, while growth of the latter resulted in zigzag cracking patterns.
Dielectronic recombination coefficients for fluorinelike ions: The multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock calculations

Dielectronic recombination rate coefficients for the three initial states of the F-like ions have been calculated for six ions with Z = 26, 35, 42, 47, 54, and 63. The calculations were carried out in the isolated resonance approximation for temperatures in the range 0.01less than or equal toTless than or equal to9 keV. The Auger and radiation rates for each autoionizing state were computed explicitly by use of the multiconfiguration Dirac-Fock model in intermediate coupling with configuration interaction. Comparison is made with previous calculations. The effect of relativity on the Coster-Kronig-type transitions is also discussed.
Selectivity for ovarian cancer of an improved serum radioimmunoassay for human ovarian tumor-associated antigen NB/70K

Abstract An improved NB/70K assay which can be used to reproducibly and accurately measure the NB/70K content of unextracted serum samples has been developed. Analysis of pre-treatment serum samples has indicated that the NB/70K assay shows selectivity for ovarian cancer with respect to nonmalignant ovarian cysts and tumors as well as controls; if one considers 10 units of NB/70K as a significant level of antigen, then there are no false positives in the benign and control groups, while 10 of 21 in the ovarian cancer group have significant NB/70K levels. When NB/70K levels of ovarian cancer patients are compared to those of patients with nonovarian malignant disease, only 4 of 23 patients with nonovarian cancers had significantly elevated NB/70K levels. However, none of these 4 false positives had levels greater than 20 units.
Classifying patterns by automorphism group: An operator theoretic approach

This paper considers the problem of enumerating the elements of a set under a group action with a given automorphism group. The problem is approached from a linear algebraic point of view, with a class of identities obtained by applications of appropriate linear operators and functionals. A variety of new counting and enumerating results are obtained in this manner, and the connections to the recent work of de Bruijn, Foulkes, Sheehan, Stockmeyer and White are defined. Included among the new results are general formulas for enumerating patterns with a given automorphism group when a group acts on the range and domain of a finite function space. In this case, the multilinear computing techniques developed by Williamson are exploited.
Zoological pharmacology: current status, issues, and potential

Lack of approved pharmaceutical agents and/or pharmacokinetic data in the literature for exotic, wildlife, and zoo species is a major issue for veterinarians. These practitioners must take approved agents (veterinary or human) and extrapolate their use to non-approved species with little or no scientific basis to support this decision. There is little information concerning pharmacokinetic parameters for drugs in non-domestic species. Zoo veterinarians often have to formulate the medication(s) into a meal, hoping that the animal will ingest it. Due to lack of patient compliance, the veterinarian may have to resort to other means of drug administration. Additionally, due to the value of these animals, the traditional method of 'trial and error' for treatment selection and resulting compliance is often inappropriate, and lends itself to a mentality where no zoo veterinarian wants to be the first to administer an agent/formulation in an untested species. This review intends to present the current state of zoological pharmacology and the direction it may be heading.
Magnetic and electric phase control in epitaxial EuTiO(3) from first principles.

We propose a design strategy---based on the coupling of spins, optical phonons, and strain---for systems in which magnetic (electric) phase control can be achieved by an applied electric (magnetic) field. Using first-principles density-functional theory calculations, we present a realization of this strategy for the magnetic perovskite ${\mathrm{EuTiO}}_{3}$.
Global Transcriptional Profiling Reveals Distinct Functions of Thymic Stromal Subsets and Age-Related Changes during Thymic Involution

Summary Age-associated thymic involution results in diminished T cell output and function in aged individuals. However, molecular mediators contributing to the decline in thymic function during early thymic involution remain largely unknown. Here, we present transcriptional profiling of purified thymic stromal subsets from mice 1, 3, and 6 months of age spanning early thymic involution. The data implicate unanticipated biological functions for a subset of thymic epithelial cells. The predominant transcriptional signature of early thymic involution is decreased expression of cell-cycle-associated genes and E2F3 transcriptional targets in thymic epithelial subsets. Also, expression of proinflammatory genes increases with age in thymic dendritic cells. Many genes previously implicated in late involution are already deregulated by 3–6 months of age. We provide these thymic stromal data sets, along with thymocyte data sets, in a readily searchable web-based platform, as a resource for investigations into thymocyte:stromal interactions and mechanisms of thymic involution.