cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nucleotide sequence and transcriptional regulation of the yeast recombinational repair gene RAD51.

Abstract The RAD51 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required both for recombination and for the repair of DNA damage caused by X rays. Here we report the sequence and transcriptional regulation of this gene. The RAD51 protein shares significant homology (approximately 50%) over a 70-amino-acid with the RAD57 protein (J.A. Kans and R.K. Mortimer, Gene 105:139-140, 1991), the product of another yeast recombinational repair gene, and also moderate (approximately 27%), but potentially significant, homology with the bacterial RecA protein. The homologies cover a region that encodes a putative nucleotide binding site of the RAD51 protein. Sequences upstream of the coding region for RAD51 protein share homology with the damage response sequence element of RAD54, an upstream activating sequence required for damage regulation of the RAD54 transcript, and also contain two sites for restriction enzyme MluI; the presence of MluI restriction sites has been associated with cell cycle regulation. A 1.6-kb transcript corresponding to RAD51 was observed, and levels of this transcript increased rapidly after exposure to relatively low doses of X-rays. Additionally, RAD51 transcript levels were found to that of a group of genes involved primarily in DNA synthesis and replication which are thought to be coordinately cell cycle regulated. Cells arrested in early G1 were still capable of increasing levels of RAD51 transcript after irradiation, indicating that increased RAD51 transcript levels after X-ray exposure are not solely due to an X-ray-induced cessation of the cell cycle at a period when the level of RAD51 expression is normally high.
Activation of NF-κB1 by OX40 Contributes to Antigen-Driven T Cell Expansion and Survival

The costimulatory molecule OX40 (CD134) is required in many instances for effective T cell-mediated immunity, controlling proliferation, and survival of T cells after encountering specific Ag. We previously found that the functional targets of OX40 are survivin and aurora B that regulate proliferation and Bcl-2 antiapoptotic family members that regulate survival. However, the intracellular pathways from OX40 that mediate these effects are unclear. In this study, we show that OX40 signaling can target the canonical NF-κB (NF-κB1) pathway in peripheral Ag-responding CD4 T cells. Phosphorylation of IκBα, nuclear translocation of NF-κB1/p50 and RelA, and NF-κB1 activity, are impaired in OX40-deficient T cells. Retroviral transduction of active IκB kinase that constitutively activates NF-κB1 rescues the poor expansion and survival of OX40-deficient T cells, directly correlating with increased expression and activity of survivin, aurora B, and Bcl-2 family members. Moreover, active IκB kinase expression alone is sufficient to restore the defective expansion and survival of OX40-deficient T cells in vivo when responding to Ag. Thus, OX40 signals regulate T cell number and viability through the NF-κB1 pathway that controls expression and activity of intracellular targets for proliferation and survival.
The Accuracy of Pulmonary Angiography in Assessing Resolution of Experimental Thromboemboli

Quantification of pulmonary emboli has become important in assessing the results of thrombolytic therapy and in following the natural history of thromboemboli. This study evaluated angiography as a quantitative procedure by comparing sequential changes in emboli of known size and weight with alterations on angiograms. Twenty-four aged thrombi formed in vivo were embolized intact into 12 recipient dogs. Serial angiograms showed the location of each thrombus and allowed evaluation of its changes. Urokinase was administered to some animals to produce a spectrum of lysis. Quantification proved accurate when thrombolysis exceeded 80%. When less, angiograms over or underestimated lysis in 11 of 18 instances (61%). Postmortem dissection suggested four reasons for these discrepancies: (1) downstream movement impacted emboli and increased obstruction; (2) coiling of an embolus compromised more vessel area and increased obstruction; (3) circumferential flow of contrast material obscured some emboli; and (4) second ...
Data mining of the relationship between volatile organic components and transient high ozone formation

The aim of this study is to identify relationships between volatile organic components (VOCs) and transient high ozone formation in the Houston area. The ozone is not emitted to the atmosphere directly but is formed by chemical reactions in the atmosphere. In Houston, short-term (1 h) sharp increases are observed followed by a rapid decrease back to typical concentrations. Automatic gas chromatographs (GCs) are operated at several sites which cryogenically collect VOCs during an hour and then the compounds are flash evaporated into the GC for analysis. Chromatographic data for more than 65 VOCs are stored in analysis report text files. A program has been developed to read the amount of each component in the measurements such that a data set is generated that includes the concentrations of each VOC for each hourly sample. A subset of the data is selected that corresponds to the period of the positive ozone transient and these data are used in the data mining (DM) process. Based on a chemical mass balance (CMB) analysis, a linear model was established between the subset of the VOCs data and the positive ozone transition. Non-negative least squares (NNLS) was used to calculate the regression coefficient of the VOCs that have the most significant positive relationship to the positive ozone transition. The results show that more attention might be paid to several unknown VOCs, which have significant relationships to the transient high ozone formation.
A High Memory Bandwidth FPGA Accelerator for Sparse Matrix-Vector Multiplication

Sparse matrix-vector multiplication (SMVM) is a crucial primitive used in a variety of scientific and commercial applications. Despite having significant parallelism, SMVM is a challenging kernel to optimize due to its irregular memory access characteristics. Numerous studies have proposed the use of FPGAs to accelerate SMVM implementations. However, most prior approaches focus on parallelizing multiply-accumulate operations within a single row of the matrix (which limits parallelism if rows are small) and/or make inefficient uses of the memory system when fetching matrix and vector elements. In this paper, we introduce an FPGA-optimized SMVM architecture and a novel sparse matrix encoding that explicitly exposes parallelism across rows, while keeping the hardware complexity and on-chip memory usage low. This system compares favorably with prior FPGA SMVM implementations. For the over 700 University of Florida sparse matrices we evaluated, it also performs within about two thirds of CPU SMVM performance on average, even though it has 2.4× lower DRAM memory bandwidth, and within almost one third of GPU SVMV performance on average, even at 9x lower memory bandwidth. Additionally, it consumes only 25W, for power efficiencies 2.6x and 2.3x higher than CPU and GPU, respectively, based on maximum device power.
Space reconnaissance of the ocean - Opportunities and limitations.

Oceanographic measurements with instrumented satellites, examining surface temperature surface waves, tides, albedo, heat flux and coordination of airborne and seaborne sensing systems
Negative transcriptional regulation of virulence and oncogenes of the Ti plasmid by Ros bearing a conserved C2H2-zinc finger motif

The chromosomal ros gene in Agrobacterium tumefaciens encodes a repressor of virulence and oncogenes that are located on a resident Ti plasmid. Mutational inactivation of ros de-represses the expression of the virC and virD operons, causing premature processing and accumulation of T-DNA molecules, and the premature expression of the oncogene, ipt, leading to the synthesis of cytokinin in the bacterium rather than in the plant host cell. Ros is a 15.5 kDa protein containing a novel "eukaryotic" C(2)H(2) zinc finger. Amino acid substitutions in the finger result in the loss of binding of Ros to the ros box, a 40 bp sequence within the operator of virC/D and ipt gene promoters; and the loss of binding of a zinc ion. The ros gene is highly conserved in members of the Rhizobiaceae. Evolutionary distance tree analyses revealed distant ties to the Japanese puffer fish, Fugu rupripes rather than to plants. Interestingly, ros homologues were found in microorganisms derived from marine sources, supporting the hypothesis that ros may have originated from a marine rather than a terrestrial organism.
Determination of the flouride concentration profile in tooth enamel using a nuclear resonance technique

Abstract The 19 F (p,αγ) 16 O reaction has been used to measure the concentration profile of fluorine in tooth enamel. By observing the characteristic 6.13 MeV gamma ray with a high resolution Ge(Li) detector, the fluorine concentration was measured to a depth of 2.1 μm in teeth treated with K 2 ZrF 6 , NaF and acidulated fluorophosphate. The differential depth resolution was better than 0.1 μm at the surface of the teeth. Additional information on the average elemental concentration within the first 2 μm was obtained by observing the characteristic X-ray produced by 1.8 MeV protons. The exploratory data developed in this study have indicated that the highest uptake of fluoride was achieved through the application of K 2 ZrF 6 .
Formation of Grooved Terrain on Ganymede: Extensional Instability Mediated by Cold, Superplastic Creep

The morphology of Ganymede's bright terrain is dominated at multikilometer wavelengths by sets of subparallel, linear-to-sinuous ridges and troughs, collectively known as grooves. It has been often suggested that the grooves are the result of a necking-type extensional instability, but the detailed analysis of Herrick and Stevenson (1990, Icarus85, 191–204) concluded that such instabilities were not sufficiently strong to explain the observed topographic relief. We have reexamined this model, wherein an instability arises when a strong plastic or brittle layer and underlying viscous or ductile substrate undergo extension, by incorporating the recently determined flow laws for superplastic creep of cold ice at low stresses. The behavior of these flow laws is closer to Newtonian than to earlier determined, high-stress flow laws. The power-law creep of very cold ice at high stresses has also been remeasured to be very stress dependent, which decreases its influence with respect to other flow mechanisms at low stresses. In addition, because of a dimmer, younger Sun and potentially higher albedos of recently emplaced bright terrain material, surface temperatures in bright terrain were probably lower during the time of groove genesis than they are today. Both incorporation of closer-to-Newtonian ductile flow laws and lower temperatures serve to better decouple the strong, deforming layer from the substrate, resulting in the development of stronger instabilities. Consequently, we find that it is possible to generate sufficiently strong instabilities at topographic wavelengths consistent with the grooved terrain topography of Ganymede and at geologically plausible strain rates (∼10−16 to 10−14 s−1 for specific examples). With sufficient strain, it is even possible to form grooves in dark terrain. The required thermal gradients for groove formation in either bright or dark terrain are one-to-a-few ×10 K km−1, which r equire exceptional heat flows with respect to the steady-state radiogenic background.
A Life of Its Own: The Politics and Power of Water

Since colonial times, water has inspired concern and contention in the United States. Now a member of the powerful Metropolitan Water Board of Southern California tells the fascinating story of the politics and power of water.
Discrimination and production of English vowels by bilingual speakers of Spanish and English.

Summary The goal of this study was to examine whether listeners bilingual in Spanish and English would have difficulty in the discrimination of English vowel contrasts. An additional goal was to estimate the correlation between their discrimination and production of these vowels. Participants (40 bilingual Spanish- and English-speaking and 40 native monolingual English-speaking college students, 23–36 years of age) participated (M age = 25.3 yr., Mdn= 25.0). The discrimination and production of English vowels in real and novel words by adult participants bilingual in Spanish and English were examined and their discrimination was compared with that of 40 native monolingual English-speaking participants. Stimuli were presented within triads in an ABX paradigm. Novel words were chosen to represent new words when learning a new language and to provide a more valid test of discrimination. Bilingual participants’ productions of vowels were judged by two independent listeners to estimate the correlation between ...
Effect of electrolyte-induced polymer swelling on macromolecule functionalized core–shell nanoparticle interaction potential: Calculation of colloidal stability ratio

Abstract Swelling/deswelling properties of core–shell nanoparticles play an essential role in determining the stability of colloidal suspensions. Desolvation of polymers chains induced by variation of pH, temperature and/or ionic strength increases their lyophobicity favoring aggregation. Knowledge of the hydrophilic character of the surface layer against external stimuli enables the prediction of the aggregation state of the nanoparticles and the tuning their colloidal stability. We derive a theoretical model based on the DLVO assumptions elaborated by Vold and Vincent to study the stability of core–shell nanoparticles able to swell/deswell by varying the concentration of monovalent electrolyte, CS. We studied the instability ratio, W−1, and the interparticle potential, φT, CS as a function of concentration by varying attraction, repulsion, geometry, and swelling ratio, σ, of the nanoparticle. We found the strength of the colloidal interaction, β, is mainly affected by the repulsive energy, while nanoparticle aggregation is favored by an increase in the salt sensitivity to dehydration, kS. Our findings allow to directly relate both φT and W−1 to the swelling/deswelling ability of the polymer layer and to predict the colloidal stability of a variety of core–shell nanomaterials including hydrogel modified, stimulus-responsive, and protein functionalized nanoparticles.
A characterization of Guyana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) whistles from Costa Rica: The importance of broadband recording systems

Knowledge of the whistle structure in Guyana dolphins comes mostly from Brazilian populations where recordings have been made using limited bandwidth systems (18 and 24kHz). In Brazil, Guyana dolphin whistle frequency span is 1.34–23.89kHz, but authors have suggested that limits of their recording system may underestimate frequency span. Whistles of Guyana dolphins from Costa Rica were studied using a broadband recording system. How bandwidth limitations affect the understanding of whistle structure and species classification between sympatric dolphin species was evaluated. In addition, whistles were compared to Brazilian populations. Guyana dolphin whistle frequency span was 1.38 up to 48.40kHz, greater than previously reported. Bandwidth limitations explained 89% of the whistle variation between studies, and increase in bandwidth improved the whistle classification of Guyana dolphins. Whistle duration and minimum frequency were the most important variables in dolphin species classification. Finally, aft...
Wideband parametric engineering by localized four-photon mixing

High efficiency parametric fiber devices are used for frequency generation, band-invariant amplification and general signal processing. Present generation of high-confinement fibers used for mixer design posses transverse variation control measured in silica molecular diameters, a critical feature for long-scale phase matching. We introduce new energy delivery method based localized four-photon mixing in order to achieve dispersion mapping of arbitrary dispersion fibers. The technique improves the sensitivity of existing dispersion mapping methods by orders of magnitude and is applicable to arbitrary waveguide type. Implications of the new technique is illustrated on general mixer applications.
Structural basis for multifunctional roles of mammalian aminopeptidase N.

Mammalian aminopeptidase N (APN) plays multifunctional roles in many physiological processes, including peptide metabolism, cell motility and adhesion, and coronavirus entry. Here we determined crystal structures of porcine APN at 1.85 A resolution and its complexes with a peptide substrate and a variety of inhibitors. APN is a cell surface-anchored and seahorse-shaped zinc-aminopeptidase that forms head-to-head dimers. Captured in a catalytically active state, these structures of APN illustrate a detailed catalytic mechanism for its aminopeptidase activity. The active site and peptide-binding channel of APN reside in cavities with wide openings, allowing easy access to peptides. The cavities can potentially open up further to bind the exposed N terminus of proteins. The active site anchors the N-terminal neutral residue of peptides/proteins, and the peptide-binding channel binds the remainder of the peptides/proteins in a sequence-independent fashion. APN also provides an exposed outer surface for coronavirus binding, without its physiological functions being affected. These structural features enable APN to function ubiquitously in peptide metabolism, interact with other proteins to mediate cell motility and adhesion, and serve as a coronavirus receptor. This study elucidates multifunctional roles of APN and can guide therapeutic efforts to treat APN-related diseases.
Transcripts from the co-transposed segment of variant surface glycoprotein genes are in Trypanosoma brucei polyribosomes

Abstract In Trypanosoma brucei the 5′ proximal flanking sequences of a variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) gene, the co-transposed segment, are transcribed in a variant antigenic type- and stage-specific fashion along with the VSG gene. The precursor transcripts are subsequently processed to yield smaller transcripts from the co-transposed segment as well as the VSG mRNA. These co-transposed segment transcripts are quite abundant, polyadenylated and contain the spliced leader sequence, all characteristics of trypanosome mRNAs. We have found that all of the co-transposed segment transcripts from two VSG genes are present in polyribosomes. The nucleotide sequence of much of the co-transposed segment of one of these VSG genes, however, has no open reading frames coding for proteins longer than 49 amino acids. These results suggest that co-transposed segment transcripts do not encode essential proteins even though they are present in polyribosomes and may be translated.
Occupational disease legislation in the United States

The status of occupational disease in the United States is described with some difficulty. Each State of the Union is independent of the Federal Government in Workmen's Compensation Legislation and is almost as distinct as each nation in Europe except tha t there is little difference in language. Our social legislation, originated at different times, develops independently and without uniformity. Moreover the country has a wide range of physical differences; mountain and lowland; hot and cold; wet and dry. There are seaboard and inland, industrial and non-industrial states. Industries are in great variety with differences in method, in hazards and in the character of the workers, even within states. These diversities are reflected in the Workmen's Compensation Acts relating to occupational diseases. But, there is unanimity in one point; the tendency to widen the scope of this kind of legislation and to increase the number of diseases which are "compensab le" (compensatable). The principal change with respect to occupational diseases has occurred in New York during 1930 where blisters, abrasions, synovitis and dermatitis (venenata) have been included. The Preliminary Report of the recently appointed State Heal th Commission of New York issued February 16, 1931 recommends that : " the present limited schedule of occupational disease be extended to include any disease arising out of employment and that the Industrial Board be given authori ty to make awards in case of such occupational diseases when it is established that the particular disability in fact arose out of the employment ." Diseases are now being included in some States whose relation to cause are not so evident as in the case of lead and other easily identified poisons. Dermatitis (venenata) is an instance; it is often difficult to determine the origin of a dermatitis because of the wide range of sub-
Developmental expression of the octopamine phenotype in lobsters, Homarus americanus

We have used immunocytochemical methods to examine the sequence of appearance of octopamine-immunoreactive neurons during development, and to try to correlate that appearance with the emergence of behavioral or physiological capabilities. The first octopamine neurons express their transmitter phenotype at approximately 43% of embryonic development. The last cells show immunostaining at the 3rd larval stage. In the wild, therefore, immunoreactivity in cells appears over a 9-12 month period. In contrast, serotonin-immunoreactive neurons stain early in embryonic development and the last serotonin-immunoreactive cells appear at about the same time the first octopamine-immunoreactive neurons show staining. The pattern of appearance of octopamine-immunoreactive cells is cell type-specific. A pair of brain cells and the descending interneurons stain first. Additional brain cell staining is seen throughout embryonic development. The ascending interneurons appear next, and a general anterior-posterior gradient typifies their emergence over a relatively short portion of embryonic life (E 48-62%). The neurosecretory cell staining appears last, is segment-specific, begins at about 62% development, and continues to the 3rd larval stage. The emergence of immunostaining for amine neurotransmitters within groups of identified neurons at precise times in development may specify possible functional units. With at least one group of cells, this possibility seems plausible: the three pairs of claw octopamine neurosecretory cells show immunostaining as a unit.
Intuition, Computation, and Information

Bynum (Putting information first: Luciano Floridi and the philosophy of information. NY: Wiley-Blackwell, 2010) identifies Floridi's focus in the philosophy of information (PI) on entities both as data structures and as information objects. One suggestion for examining the association between the former and the latter stems from Floridi's Herbert A. Simon Lecture in Computing and Philosophy given at Carnegie Mellon University in 2001, open problems in the PI: the transduction or transception, and how we gain knowledge about the world as a complex, living, information environment. This paper addresses PI across a model of interoperating levels: perception (P)--intuition (N)--computation (C)--information (I), as factored by cognitive continuity (1), temporality (2), and constitution (3). How might we begin to characterize our experience of an abstract information object across such a matrix? Chudnoff's rationalist distinctions between perception and intuition serve as a first rung of the ladder. Turing's brief references to the utility of intuition, in an allied, rationalist-Cartesian sense, provide the next step up to computation. Floridi provides the final link from computation to information.
On control system equivalents of some decision theoretic theorems

Abstract The paper shows that theorems almost identical to those in statistical decision theory hold for control systems with unknown parameters in obtaining complete classes of control policies, such that control policies not in the complete set need not be considered in optimizing control systems. The paper also shows that some of the basic assumptions needed for these theorems are satisfied in most control situations. This has many implications in control problems. For example, in discussing adaptive control problems Bellman and Kalaba [1] used the assumption that they consider only control policies with Bayes property in deriving the functional equations of dynamic programming. It can now be shown, however, that the set of Bayes control policies form a complete class of control policies under certain conditions, and if sufficient statistics exist, then the set of control policies utilizing sufficient statistics forms a complete class. Thus, some assumptions which have been made arbitrarily in the past can be removed and/or justified in dealing with control systems with unknown parameters.
The Role of Moral Intensity in Moral Judgments: An Empirical Investigation

Jones (1991) has proposed an issue-contingent model of ethical decision making by individuals in organizations. The distinguishing feature of the issue was identified as its moral intensity, which determines the moral imperative in the situation. In this study, we adapted three scenarios from the literature in order to examine the issue-contingent model. Findings, based on a student sample, suggest that (1) the perceived and actual dimensions of moral intensity often differed; (2) perceived moral intensity variables, in the aggregate, significantly affected an individual's moral judgments; and (3) some dimensions of moral intensity (namely, perceived social consensus and perceived magnitude of consequences) mattered more than others.
Prescriptions for cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents in a medicaid managed care population: African Americans versus Caucasians.

Objective. To determine whether race is a predictor of a patient's likelihood of being prescribed selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COX-2s) versus other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory agents (NSAIDs) in Medicaid managed care plans (MCO). Design. All medical and prescription claims for Medicaid MCO enrollees receiving at least one prescription for a COX-2 or NSAID between January 2000 and June 2002 were retrieved. Selected for study were adults claiming at least one COX-2 prescription or NSAID prescription with a minimum 30 days of supply after June 2000; having 60 total days of supply or more over the study period was also required for study inclusion. The probability of being prescribed a COX-2 was estimated as a logistic function of patient age, gender, race, city/suburban/rural residence, and history of rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, chronic back pain, acute pains, gastrointestinal problems, use of anticoagulants or corticosteroids, and comorbidities. Results. Of the 16,868 enrollees meeting the selection criteria, 4,005 (24%) were prescribed a COX-2 and 12,863 another NSAID. Half of those studied were African American, three-quarters were female, and a third were 50–64 years old. After adjusting for confounders, odds of a COX-2 prescription were a third less for African Americans and other races compared to Caucasians (OR, 0.67; 95% confidence intervals, 0.62–0.73). Conclusion. Patient race is a significant predictor of COX-2 prescriptions in the Medicaid population, even after adjusting for other demographic and clinical variables. Cost to the patient was not a factor, as the patient copayment was $1 for any prescription.
Interactions of parathyroid hormone and plasma membranes from rat kidney.

Summary The initial interaction between parathyroid hormone and isolated purified membrane preparations from rat kidney is probed with the use of a highly tritiated, biologically active derivative of parathyroid hormone, [ 3 H] acetamidino-parathyroid hormone. A method for assaying the binding of the labeled parathyroid hormone to these membranes at nanogram per milliliter concentrations has been demonstrated utilizing this method. The binding described is not reduced by pre-incubations with large excess quantities of other polypeptide hormones, but is qualitatively abolished by pre-incubation with smaller quantities of unlabeled parathyroid hormone. The oxidized, biologically inactive labeled parathyroid hormone does not bind to these membranes.
Temperature dependence of the Doppler-broadened positron annihilation spectra in single and polycrystalline Cd

The Doppler shifts of annihilation photons have been measured in well-characterized single and polycrystalline samples of Cd as a function of sample temperature between 10 and 540 K by a two-detector Doppler-broadening method which permits separation of core-state and valence-state annihilations. The temperature dependence of the broadening associated with those annihilations involving predominantly low-momentum electrons was found to be dependent on the orientation of the single-crystal sample with respect to the axis of the two detectors. This detected anisotropy at various sample temperatures (220< or =T< or = 325 K) is thought to be associated with the asymmetric nature of the positron and electron wave functions, possibly localization of the positron. The variation with crystallographic direction in the low-momentum region occurs both at low temperatures in the so-called prevacancy region and at temperatures where vacancy trapping is observable. The components of the Doppler-broadened spectra that correspond to annihilations with very-high-momentum electrons as might be expected do not show this orientation dependence although they agree with the low-momentum components in implying the existence of a well-defined prevacancy region.
Study of the structure of the low-lying levels of 29Si via the 28Si(fx285-1)d, pγ) reaction and multi-step reaction calculations

Abstract The structure of the low-lying levels of 29 Si has been studied by means of the 28 Si( d , pγ) reaction. Previously measured differential cross-section and analyzing-power data are compared to results of multi-step reaction calculations. Proton-γ angular correlation data, initiated both with an unpolarized and with a polarized incident deuteron beam, are presented, and are also compared with the results of reaction calculations. The reaction trajectories assumed for the calculations are based on particle-core coupled wave functions for the 29 Si levels. The analyzing-power and correlation data are found to exhibit considerably greater sensitivity to the details of the wave functions than do the differential cross-section data. Reasonable representations of the forward angle data are generally achieved.
Use of the Adjective Check List to Elicit Description of Self-Ideal Discrepancy.

The Gough-Heilbrun Adjective Check List (ACL) has been increasingly employed in psychological research. A valuable feature of the ACL is that it allows S to describe himself in commonly used words and phrases which are presented in a standardized manner. Gough and Heilbrun (1965) suggest that the ACL has possibilities as an instrument to assess Self-Ideal discrepancy. S may be asked to describe himself on the ACL as he really is (Real-self) and then respond a second time describing himself as he would like to be (Ideal-self). Gough and Heilbrun (1965) report adjectives which observers used to describe 100 adult males who reported low Self-Ideal discrepancy and high Self-Ideal discrepancy. The adjectives checked significantly more often by the observers to describe Ss reporting low Self-Ideal discrepancy included: alert, ambitious, confident, considerate, cooperative, dependable, dignified, fair-minded, friendly, good-natured, mannerly, mature, methodical, patient, precise, responsible, stable, tactful, and thorough. Adjectives checked more often about men reporting high Self-Ideal discrepancy included: apathetic, arrogant, awkward, commonplace, confused, hostile, individualistic, leisurely, slow, and suspicious. The procedure of Gough and Heilbrun was seemingly not designed to yield adjectives that describe high and low Self-Ideal discrepancy, but high and low Self-Ideal discrepancy as perceived by others. An appropriate question then to ask is: Are the adjectives which describe Ss reporting low and high Self-Ideal discrepancies different from adjectives used by observers to describe the two groups? The purpose of this study was to identify adjectives which discriminate Ss who appear to have a high discrepancy between Self and Ideal-self from Ss who appear to have a low discrepancy between Self and Ideal-self as reported by the ACL. A second purpose was to determine if the adjectives that the high and the low Self-Ideal discrepancy Ss chose to describe themselves were different adjectives than those chosen by observers describing Ss who reported low and high Self-ldeal discrepancy in the Gough and Heilbrun study (1965). It was predicted that the self-report procedure and observer-rating procedure would yield identical adjectives to describe low and high Self-Ideal discrepancy. Method.4~ were 142 undergraduate students who volunteered to participate in the
A study of low-lying T = 32 and T = 2 states in some light nuclei (I)

We have employed (^3He, n) double-stripping reactions to locate low-lying T = 3/2 and T = 2 states in several light nuclei. Accurate values for the excitation energies of these states were obtained using a high-resolution time-of-flight spectrometer. The identifications are based upon the intensities of transitions, upper limits on level widths and spin and parity assignments inferred from the shapes of angular distributions. The following levels were studied: 1.(i) Isospin 3/2 levels in ^(13)N were located at excitation energies of 15.068±0.008 MeV (Γ < 15 keV), 18.44±0.04 MeV and 18.98±0.02 MeV (Γ = 40±20 keV) in a study of the ^(11)B(^3He, n) reaction at incident energies up to 13.5 MeV. 2.(ii) Isospin 3/2 levels in ^(17)F were observed at excitation energies of 11.195±0.007 MeV (Γ < 20 keV), 12.540±0.010 MeV (Γ < 25 keV) and 13.059±0.009 MeV (Γ < 25 keV) in a study of the ^(15)N(^3He, n) reaction at incident energies up to 11.9 MeV. 3.(iii) Isospin 3/2 levels in ^(21)Na were observed at excitation energies of 8.99±0.05 MeV and 9.221±0.015 MeV (Γ < 40 keV) in a study of the ^(19)F(^3He, n) reaction at incident energies up to 10.0 MeV. 4.(iv) The excitation energy of the lowest T = 2 state in ^(20)Ne was measured to be 16.730±0.006 MeV (Γ < 20 keV) in a study of the ^(18)O(^3He, n) reaction at incident energies up to 9.0 MeV. 5.(v) The excitation energy of the lowest T = 2 state in ^(24)Mg was measured to be 15.441±0.015 MeV (Γ < 35 keV) in a study of the ^(22)Ne(^3He, n) reaction at incident energies up to 9.5 MeV.
Preterm children at early adolescence and continuity and discontinuity in maternal responsiveness from infancy

Patterns in mother-child interaction from infancy to age 12 were investigated in a prospective, longitudinal study of 44 English-speaking mothers and their preterm children. Maternal responsiveness was assessed by home observations during infancy and the Family Interaction Q-Sort at age 12, derived from 2 structured laboratory situations requiring cooperation of mother and child. A cluster of maternal behaviors of critical control toward the toddler was assessed at age 2 years. Children of mothers who were consistently more responsive during both infancy and early adolescence, as well as children whose mothers became more responsive by age 12, achieved higher IQ and arithmetic scores, had more positive self-esteem, and their teachers reported fewer behavioral and emotional problems than children of mothers who were consistently less responsive both during infancy and at age 12. Continuity in parenting behaviors was related to control and criticism beginning in the toddler period and not to degree of responsiveness to the infant.
Human pinch-force discrimination

Pinch-sustaining tasks such as holding a pencil, fork, or key require the exertion of different levels of force. There is little information concerning normal subjects' ability to discriminate differences in their pinching force, so the purpose of this study was to evaluate the ability of 24 normal young women to discriminate differences in their self-generated isometric tip and lateral pinching force. Resistance forces of 10, 25, 50, and 75% of known normal maximum pinching force were selected as standards. Subjects were presented a series of paired resistance settings of which the first resistance in each pair was the standard and the second resistance a comparator of some greater amount. This procedure of paired comparisons was continued until subjects' threshold of discrimination between two pinching forces was established. The results indicated that subjects' pinch-force discrimination at the standard of 50% of reported maximum pinching force was significantly better for the tip condition than for the lateral condition. This study has described an instrumentation and the methodology for assessing individuals' ability to discriminate differences in their pinching force at submaximal levels.
Subcutaneous apomorphine and non-motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease

Non-motor symptoms (NMS) are now recognized to occur across all stages of Parkinson's disease (PD) and as a result there has been an increasing focus on their diagnosis, quantification and effective management. While in some subjects, NMS may be present before diagnosis, in advanced PD, NMS can contribute to hospitalization, severe disability and a shortened life expectancy. Strategies for continuous drug delivery have been reported to have a beneficial effect on NMS in PD and while the efficacy of apomorphine on motor function in PD has been confirmed in a number of studies, in addition to its possible anti-dyskinetic effect, a number of reports have also outlined the possible beneficial effect of apomorphine on NMS. This review sets out to examine the efficacy of apomorphine in non-motor aspects of PD, including its effect on neuropsychiatric and gastrointestinal symptoms, sleep (including restless legs syndrome), urinary dysfunction, pain and impulse control disorders. The analysis takes into consideration case reports, and open-label and comparative case-control studies published to date. Results of this review suggest that although data on the effect of apomorphine on NMS in PD patients are limited there is a strong suggestion of a beneficial effect that warrants further investigation in double-blind studies.
Hemostatic abnormalities in young females with heavy menstrual bleeding.

Abstract Objective To study the prevalence of hemostatic abnormalities, including bleeding disorders and risk factors, in young females referred to a multidisciplinary clinic for evaluation of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). Methods Retrospective chart review was undertaken for 131 post-menarchal girls with HMB, 7 to 17 years of age, enrolled in the institutional ‘Menorrhagia Data Registry’ protocol. The diagnostic approach included: (1) complete blood count, prothrombin time, partial thromboplastin time, fibrinogen, von Willebrand panel (2) platelet aggregometry, specific clotting factor assay, fibrinolytic pathway analysis, and factor XIII level as needed. The prevalence of hemostatic abnormalities and the prognostic significance of clinical variables associated with hemostatic abnormalities in young girls with HMB were evaluated. Results A hemostatic abnormality was identified in 69 (53%) young girls with HMB. Of these, 27 (21%) had an underlying bleeding disorder and 42 (32%) had a risk factor for bleeding, namely low von Willebrand factor activity. A larger number of girls with underlying bleeding disorder had personal history of other bleeding symptoms (48% vs 31%) and bleeding after surgical or dental procedure (25% vs 8%) when compared to females without hemostatic abnormality. Furthermore, girls with risk factor for bleeding (low vWF activity) were more likely to have bleeding after surgical or dental procedure (15% vs 8%) and family history of bleeding (79% vs 60%) than patients without hemostatic abnormality. Conclusions There is high prevalence of hemostatic abnormalities, including bleeding disorders and risk factors, in young girls with HMB. These findings support comprehensive and systematic hemostatic evaluation in this group of patients.
Exploring the mialome of ticks: an annotated catalogue of midgut transcripts from the hard tick, Dermacentor variabilis (Acari: Ixodidae)

Ticks are obligate blood feeders. The midgut is the first major region of the body where blood and microbes ingested with the blood meal come in contact with the tick's internal tissues. Little is known about protein expression in the digestive tract of ticks. In this study, for analysis of global gene expression during tick attachment and feeding, we generated and sequenced 1,679 random transcripts (ESTs) from cDNA libraries from the midguts of female ticks at varying stages of feeding. Sequence analysis of the 1,679 ESTs resulted in the identification of 835 distinct transcripts, from these, a total of 82 transcripts were identified as proteins putatively directly involved in blood meal digestion, including enzymes involved in oxidative stress reduction/antimicrobial activity/detoxification, peptidase inhibitors, protein digestion (cysteine-, aspartic-, serine-, and metallo-peptidases), cell, protein and lipid binding including mucins and iron/heme metabolism and transport. A lectin-like protein with a high match to lectins in other tick species, allergen-like proteins and surface antigens important in pathogen recognition and/or antimicrobial activity were also found. Furthermore, midguts collected from the 6-day-fed ticks expressed twice as many transcripts involved in bloodmeal processing as midguts from unfed/2-day-fed ticks. This tissue-specific transcriptome analysis provides an opportunity to examine the global expression of transcripts in the tick midgut and to compare the gut response to host attachment versus blood feeding and digestion. In contrast to those in salivary glands of other Ixodid ticks, most proteins in the D. variabilis midgut cDNA library were intracellular. Of the total ESTs associated with a function, an unusually large number of transcripts were associated with peptidases, cell, lipid and protein binding, and oxidative stress or detoxification. Presumably, this is consistent with their role in intracellular processing of the blood meal and response to microbial infections. The presence of many proteins with similar functions is consistent with the hypothesis that gene duplication contributed to the successful adaptation of ticks to hematophagy. Furthermore, these transcripts may be useful to scientists investigating the role of the tick midgut in blood-meal digestion, antimicrobial activity or the transmission of tick-borne pathogens.
Ordered, microphase-separated, noncharged-charged diblock copolymers via the sequential ATRP of styrene and styrenic imidazolium monomers

A series of imidazolium-based noncharged-charged diblock copolymers (1) was synthesized by the direct, sequential ATRP of styrene and styrenic imidazolium bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonamide monomers with methyl, n-butyl, and n-decyl side-chains. Small-angle X-ray scattering studies on initial examples of 1 with a total of 50 repeat units and styrene:imidazolium-styrene repeat unit ratios of 25:25, 20:30, and 15:35 showed that their ability to form ordered nanostructures (i.e., sphere and cylinder phases) in their neat states depends on both the block ratio and the length of the alkyl side-chain on the imidazolium monomer. To our knowledge, the synthesis of imidazolium-based BCPs that form ordered, phase-separated nanostructures via direct ATRP of immiscible co-monomers is unprecedented. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
Regulation of the HER3/ErbB3 Pseudokinase Domain by an ATP-Competitive Inhibitor

HER3 (or ErbB3) is a member of the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER/EGFR) family of receptor tyrosine kinases. HER3 carries inactivating mutations in its kinase domain and therefore is denoted as a pseudokinase. Despite lacking catalytic activity, the pseudokinase domain of HER3 plays an important role in activating EGFR and HER2 kinases, resulting in potent downstream signaling. Recent advancements in cancer research identify HER3 as an important therapeutic target in breast, lung, gastric, ovarian and colorectal cancers, but due to HER3's pseudokinase status, its inhibition remains a major challenge. Our past work demonstrated that the pseudokinase domain of HER3 tightly binds ATP. This finding suggested an exciting opportunity - it might be possible to regulate HER3 signaling through modulation of its nucleotide-binding pocket. However, due to lack of available compounds, this idea was left untested. Here we are reporting that the allosteric activator function of HER3 can be modulated through this site via the ATP-competitive inhibitor bosutinib. We present a first structure of the HER3 pseudokinase domain with an inhibitor, bosutinib, bound in the nucleotide-binding site. To our knowledge, this is the first structure of any pseudokinase bound to an inhibitor. We then perform in vitro assays to show for the first time that HER3 function can be modulated through small molecule binding to the nucleotide-binding pocket. Although we show that bosutinib has the opposite effect from what is desired in cancer therapies, our study provides the proof of principle for small molecule regulation of the HER3 function. This finding opens an exciting direction for the generation of a new class of HER3-specific therapeutics that directly target the pseudokinase domain.
Moral Aspects of Psychiatric Diagnosis: the Cluster B Personality Disorders

Medical professionals, including mental health professionals, largely agree that moral judgment should be kept out of clinical settings. The rationale is simple: moral judgment has the capacity to impair clinical judgment in ways that could harm the patient. However, when the patient is suffering from a "Cluster B" personality disorder, keeping moral judgment out of the clinic might appear impossible, not only in practice but also in theory. For the diagnostic criteria associated with these particular disorders (Antisocial, Borderline, Histrionic, Narcissistic) are expressed in overtly moral language. I consider three proposals for dealing with this problem. The first is to eliminate the Cluster B disorders from the DSM on the grounds that they are moral, rather than mental, disorders. The second is to replace the morally laden language of the diagnostic criteria with morally neutral language. The third is to disambiguate the notion of moral judgment so as to respect the distinction between having morally disvalued traits and having moral responsibility for those traits. Sensitivity to this distinction enables the clinician, at least in theory, to employ morally laden diagnostic criteria without adopting the sort of morally judgmental (and potentially harmful) attitude that results from the tacit presumption of moral responsibility. I argue against the first two proposals and in favor of the third. In doing so, I appeal to Grice's distinction between conventional and conversational implicature. I close with a few brief remarks on the irony of retaining overtly moral language in an ostensibly medical manual for the diagnosis of mental disorders.
Competition, expenditures and student performance in mathematics: A comment on Couch et al.

In a recent issue of this journal (August, 1993), Couch et al. find that competition, as measured by the percentage of school-age children in a county who attend private schools, increases student performance in public schools. In addition, they find that school expenditures are positive and significant, although only marginally significant, in terms of influence on student performance. This paper extends the work by Couch et al. in two ways. First, this paper defines competition so as to include the effects of other public schools as well as private schools on student performance. Second, this paper explores the simultaneity of student performance and expenditures within the model formulation. Evidence presented suggests (1) that competition, as measured by other public schools and private schools, increases student performance, and (2) that empirical studies in this area need to recognize the simultaneous relationship between student performance and expenditures.