cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Iodide-mediated control of rhodium epitaxial growth on well-defined noble metal nanocrystals: synthesis, characterization, and structure-dependent catalytic properties.

Metal nanocrystals (NCs) comprising rhodium are heterogeneous catalysts for CO oxidation, NO reduction, hydrogenations, electro-oxidations, and hydroformylation reactions. It has been demonstrated that control of structure at the nanoscale can enhance the performance of a heterogeneous metal catalyst, such as Rh, but molecular-level control of NCs comprising this metal is less studied compared to gold, silver, platinum, and palladium. We report an iodide-mediated epitaxial overgrowth of Rh by using the surfaces of well-defined foreign metal crystals as substrates to direct the Rh surface structures. The epigrowth can be accomplished on different sizes, morphologies, and identities of metal substrates. The surface structures of the resulting bimetallic NCs were studied using electron microscopy, and their distinct catalytic behaviors were examined in CO stripping and the electro-oxidation of formic acid. Iodide was found to play a crucial role in the overgrowth mechanism. With the addition of iodide, the R...
Bafetinib (INNO-406) reverses multidrug resistance by inhibiting the efflux function of ABCB1 and ABCG2 transporters.

ATP-Binding Cassette transporters are involved in the efflux of xenobiotic compounds and are responsible for decreasing drug accumulation in multidrug resistant (MDR) cells. Discovered by structure-based virtual screening algorithms, bafetinib, a Bcr-Abl/Lyn tyrosine kinase inhibitor, was found to have inhibitory effects on both ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated MDR in this in-vitro investigation. Bafetinib significantly sensitized ABCB1 and ABCG2 overexpressing MDR cells to their anticancer substrates and increased the intracellular accumulation of anticancer drugs, particularly doxorubicin and [3H]-paclitaxel in ABCB1 overexpressing cells; mitoxantrone and [3H]-mitoxantrone in ABCG2 overexpressing cells, respectively. Bafetinib stimulated ABCB1 ATPase activities while inhibited ABCG2 ATPase activities. There were no significant changes in the expression level or the subcellular distribution of ABCB1 and ABCG2 in the cells exposed to 3 μM of bafetinib. Overall, our study indicated that bafetinib reversed ABCB1- and ABCG2-mediated MDR by blocking the drug efflux function of these transporters. These findings might be useful in developing combination therapy for MDR cancer treatment.
College Students' Self-education Abilities under the Guidance of Positive Incentive

It is the usual practice in traditional education to conduct education by correcting mistakes that are found.However,the finding of mistakes is itself a process of exposing one's shortcomings,so education by such a way does not work all the way,especially for those who are academically poor and psychological weak.To strengthen the positive behaviors of the educated,educators should discover their strength and shining points.This is what positive incentive or appreciation education means in education psychology.From the perspective of college students' psychology,this paper probes into the ways to strengthen their self-education abilities under the guidance of positive incentive.It aims to help them to develop professional qualities.
Preference Mapping of Fresh Tomatoes Across 3 Stages of Consumption

Tomatoes (Solanum lycoperiscum) are a popular produce choice and provide many bioactive compounds. Consumer choice of tomatoes is influenced by flavor and visual appearance and external texture cues including hand firmness and sliceability. The objective of this study was to determine drivers of liking for fresh tomatoes across 3 stages of consumption. Seven tomato cultivars were ripened to a 6 on the USDA color chart. Trained panelists documented appearance, flavor, and texture attributes of tomatoes in triplicate. Tomato consumers (n = 177) were provided with knives and cutting boards and evaluated tomatoes across 3 stages: appearance (stage 1), slicing (stage 2), and consumption (stage 3). Consumers evaluated overall liking at each stage. Analysis of variance and external preference mapping were conducted. Overall liking was highest during the appearance portion of the test and lowest during the consumption portion (P < 0.05). Drivers of liking at stage 1 were color intensity, even outside color, and overall aroma. Drivers of liking at stage 2 were wetness/juiciness and overall aroma. Wetness/juiciness, seed presence, ripe flavor, and sweet and umami tastes were drivers of liking for tomatoes at consumption (stage 3). Four separate clusters of tomato consumers were identified. Cluster 1 preferred tomatoes with even color, higher color intensity, and flavor intensity. Cluster 2 preferred firm tomatoes. Cluster 3 preferred tomatoes that were soft and at peak ripeness; this cluster also had the highest liking scores for all tomatoes. Cluster 4 consumers generally consumed tomatoes in sandwiches rather than as-is and preferred tomatoes with even and intense color. Tomato growers can utilize these results to target cultivars that are well liked by consumers.
Malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis testis.

AbstractMalignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis is an extremely rare tumor. Appropriate treatment consists of inquinai orchiectomy with close followup. Treatment of locally recurrent malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis has not been standardized. We recommend radical resection for the initial presentation of locally recurrent disease rather than saving surgical resection as salvage therapy after other treatment modalities have failed. We report case 37 of malignant mesothelioma of the tunica vaginalis and review the literature.
Microfluidic Single-Cell Functional Proteomics

We review an emerging microfluidic single-cell functional proteomics field and the associated technologies. Functional proteins, such as secreted signaling proteins from immune cells and phosphoproteins in cancer cells, refer to those that play important roles in promoting live cells’ physiological activities. Assay of single-cell functional proteins can be carried out by either cytometry or newly developed microfluidic tools, each of which possesses its own advantages and disadvantages. The use of microfluidic chips brings benefits of high multiplexity, low cost, and high flexibility to integrate various cell manipulation strategies into one platform, while such platforms are normally less developed and automated. We focus the discussion specifically on single-cell barcode technology, which has been more mature than others, and is able to quantitate up to 42 different functional proteins from single cells. This platform has also been uniquely extended to the study of cell–cell interactions. Quantitative analysis of the single-cell functional proteins offers new perspectives of biological systems and provides a conduit between biology and the physicochemical laws. And finally we discuss the challenges and future of the microfluidic single-cell functional proteomics field.
Abstract 3464: Low concordance with CEA tumor marker monitoring in colorectal cancer survivors

Purpose: To assess providers’ concordance with surveillance and risk reduction recommendations for colorectal cancer (CRC) survivors after completion of their curative treatment. Patients and Methods: This was a longitudinal study of survivors who met the following eligibility criteria: diagnosed with a primary colon or rectal cancer before their first visit (V) to the CRC Survivorship Clinic, adult survivor ≥ 18 years old, no evidence of disease, alive at the time of data abstraction, and 1-3 clinic visits between 9/01/2011 and 8/31/2014. Data were collected at V1 scheduled between 9/1/2011 and 8/31/2012. V2 was scheduled 9-15 months after the first visit. V3 was also scheduled 9-15 months after V2. Data sources were survivorship care plans, electronic medical records, and CRC survivorship algorithms. For an annual visit, CRC algorithms recommended history/physical exams (H & PEs), carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) testing when previously elevated, and colonoscopies for surveillance of cancer recurrence. Concordance rates (CR) were measured as the percent of yes/no responses to whether the providers followed minimum standards for the 3 procedures. Demographic and clinical characteristics were also collected. Descriptive statistics were used to summarize all data. Results: 81 of 117 CRC survivors who met all eligibility criteria were included in this sub-analysis. The number of survivors visits varied across time, V1 = 81, V2 = 56, and V3 = 36. Most survivors were male (51.9%) and Caucasian (66.7%). 67.9% reported being 5-8 years post-treatment. 58% were diagnosed with colon cancer and of those 61.7% were Stage IIIA-IV compared to 55.8% of rectal cancer survivors with advanced disease. Table 1 summarizes the percentage of CR rates across the 3 visits. Conclusion: CRs for H & PEs and colonoscopies remained high across the 3 visits. CRs were lowest for CEA recommendations. These low rates suggest further work is needed to determine barriers in clinical practice that limit use of CEA tumor marker monitoring in CRC survivors. Citation Format: Guadalupe Palos, Katherine R. Gilmore, Patricia Chapman, Paula Lewis-Patterson, Weiqi Bi, Maria Alma Rodriguez. Low concordance with CEA tumor marker monitoring in colorectal cancer survivors. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 3464.
An Open and Portable Platform for Learning Data Security in Mobile Cloud Computing

Mobile cloud computing (MCC) has become an emerging technology given the explosive growth of mobile devices and advances in cloud computing in recent years. Data security and privacy are the main issues preventing individuals and organizations from adopting MCC despite the benefits it promises. Security professionals need to be trained on the new data security threats introduced by MCC. Building on open source software, this paper presents a portable architecture for teaching data security threat analysis and defense in the mobile cloud computing environment
Endothelial Dysfunction in Children With Obstructive Sleep Apnea Is Associated With Elevated Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2 Plasma Activity Levels.

BackgroundObstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a highly prevalent condition, especially in obese children, and has been associated with increased risk for endothelial dysfunction and dislipidemia, whic...
Dietary Accumulation of Inorganic Selenium by a Larval Amphibian (Hyla chrysoscelis) and Influence on Accumulation of Background Mercury

Larval gray tree frogs (Hyla chrysoscelis) were exposed to inorganic Se (SeO2) added to the diet (10.2 and 86.3 ug/g dw) and monitored for accumulation and effect. Background concentrations of Hg were also measured in food and carcasses to assess possible effects of Se on Hg accumulation. Selenium was accumulated in a dose dependent manner, and life stages did not differ. No effects of Se exposure were observed on survival, growth, or time to metamorphosis. Mercury concentrations in carcasses, resulting from background concentrations in food, were significantly affected by the presence of Se. In the high Se treatment, Hg concentrations were significantly decreased relative to those in the low Se treatment and the control. Our study suggests that exposure to inorganic Se as SeO2 at the concentrations tested do not elicit adverse biological effects, but exposure to relatively high concentrations of Se may reduce accumulation of Hg from food.
Downlink Multi-User MIMO Transmission for Reconfigurable Antenna Systems

This paper proposes an efficient downlink multi- user MIMO (MU-MIMO) scheme for multiple antenna transmission systems comprised of reconfigurable antenna (RA) elements. MU-MIMO schemes typically require a combined user pairing and precoding scheme where the channels of the selected users have to satisfy certain conditions to reduce interference among the users. Therefore, MU-MIMO typically requires a large number of users so that suitable user-tuples can be found. In this work, instead of relying on this requirement, we employ RAs at the transmitter to create multiple channel states for each user. An RA system accomplishes this by its dynamically changeable operation modes each of which creates a different channel realization. The availability of multiple channel states allow for an expanded search space for user pairing. We develop a joint user and antenna mode selection algorithm minimizing the error rates. A low-complexity iterative mode selection scheme is introduced to simplify the joint optimization problem. Simulation results indicate that one would need a lower number of users to benefit from MU-MIMO transmission if RAs are employed at the transmitter.
A high-slew integrator for switched-capacitor circuits

A new method for boosting the slew rate of a switched-capacitor integrator is introduced. The enhanced integrator contains an output booster stage which reduces the settling time by approximately a factor of three over an unboosted integrator. In addition, the booster has no adverse effect on the noise and stability performance of the integrator. The booster stage increases the total static integrator power by a factor of 40% and the total die area by a factor of 20%.
Inequalities in the reduction of child stunting over time in Latin America: evidence from the DHS 2000–2010

This article analyses the evolution of child stunting in seven Latin American countries during the 2000s, based on repeated cross-sections of Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS). The incidence of ...
A Bread-and-Butter Algorithm for Probability Integrals

This paper presents a numerical integration algorithm based on the classicRomberg’s extrapolation method. The modification allows easy handling of improper integrals or integrals with end-point singularities. This algorithm is versatile, fast, and accurate. It may eliminate for some researchers the need for carrying around tables of integrals, and housing a bundle of tailor-fit algorithms for different integrals.
Alienating Apparatuses: Behind the Scenes of the Neoliberal Academic Assemblage:

In this article, I (re)consider a series of behind-the-scenes encounters with my institution’s thesis editor to explore how my ideas and desires for my dissertation intra-acted with and were rendered impossible by the institutional assemblage. My dissertation explores how stories—used in the context of teacher education, where they serve as necessary vehicles for emerging educators to consider classroom practices—operate as apparatuses. After playing with a variety of ways to instigate a failure of verisimilitude, one way the apparatus-ness of stories is made visible, I landed on working diffraction as a narrative device. An early visit to the thesis editor, the institutional representative responsible for enforcing formatting standards, thwarted these formatting choices. This article considers the entangled apparatuses of academia, those that insist on intelligibility and those that resist it, and the ways they work behind the scenes to limit possible knowings and alienate scholars from their own scholar...
Distributing Deterministic, Accurate Time for Tightly Coordinated Network and Software Applications: IEEE 802.1AS, the TSN profile of PTP

Real-time cooperation among agents requires sharing of certain temporal information. That information might take the form of "take action X right now!" or it might better be achieved in some cases by establishing an a priori agreement by which each action should be taken and when, together with a shared understanding of what time it is. Distributed applications increasingly rely on this latter synchronized time approach rather than explicit "right now!" communication for cooperative sense and control tasks. Such a capability is foundational to the field of cyber physical systems (CPS) where computation and communication interact with the physical world in real time. While multiple historical approaches exist for time-synchronized (and timely) communication among sensing, computing, and actuating devices, the addition of robust temporal performance characteristics to standard Ethernet through the work of the Time Sensitive Networking (TSN) Task Group of IEEE 802.1 is bringing together the benefits of standard IT networking with excellent worst case latency and synchronization performance that was previously available only to these specialized and sometimes proprietary networks. Such advances will be important in next-generation applications as diverse as CPS/real-time distributed control, smart factories, sensor fusion, autonomous vehicles, and even cloud applications [1]. As we show, precision network time synchronization can dramatically enhance the operation of these applications and is a requirement of certain new network latency enhancements as well.
The measurement of coevolution in the wild

Coevolution has long been thought to drive the exaggeration of traits, promote major evolutionary transitions such as the evolution of sexual reproduction and influence epidemiological dynamics. Despite coevolution's long suspected importance, we have yet to develop a quantitative understanding of its strength and prevalence because we lack generally applicable statistical methods that yield numerical estimates for coevolution's strength and significance in the wild. Here, we develop a novel method that derives maximum likelihood estimates for the strength of direct pairwise coevolution by coupling a well-established coevolutionary model to spatially structured phenotypic data. Applying our method to two well-studied interactions reveals evidence for coevolution in both systems. Broad application of this approach has the potential to further resolve long-standing evolutionary debates such as the role species interactions play in the evolution of sexual reproduction and the organisation of ecological communities.
Can hyena behaviour provide information on population trends of sympatric carnivores

Mammalian carnivores are declining worldwide owing to human activities. Behavioural indicators have the potential to help identify population trends and inform conservation actions, although this a...
Intravascular Papillary Endothelial Hyperplasia of the Pineal Region: A Case Report and Review of the Literature.

Background Intravascular papillary endothelial hyperplasia (IPEH) is a benign vascular lesion that is uncommon in the central nervous system. To our knowledge, there has been only one previous report of occurrence in the pineal region. We present a second case and a review of the literature. Case Description A 28-year-old woman presented with 1 month of headaches and visual auras. Brain magnetic resonance imaging scan demonstrated a 2.6- × 1.8- × 1.3-cm nonenhancing T1-hypointense, T2-/fluid-attenuated inversion recovery–hyperintense pineal region mass with cerebral aqueduct obstruction and hydrocephalus. She underwent placement of a right extraventricular drain followed by complete surgical resection. Histologic analysis was consistent with IPEH. Conclusions Although rare, IPEH is an entity that should be considered in the differential diagnosis for intracranial masses with radiographic features characteristic of vascular lesions. Tissue sampling is imperative for distinction from more malignant entities. Complete resection is curative and is the standard of care when feasible. Given the risk of local progression and neurologic compromise with subtotal resection of central nervous system lesions, further study regarding adjuvant treatment options is warranted.
Hybrid Search: A Method for Identifying Metabolites Absent from Tandem Mass Spectrometry Libraries.

Metabolomics has a critical need for better tools for mass spectral identification. Common metabolites may be identified by searching libraries of tandem mass spectra, which offers important advant...
Nieuw onderzoek naar de afbouw van antidepressiva

In Nederland krijgen meer dan 1 miljoen mensen antidepressiva voorgeschreven, vooral voor depressie. Onderhoudsbehandeling met antidepressiva verkleint de kans op terugval, maar heeft ook nadelen. Hoewel de NHG-Standaard Depressie op consensus gebaseerde adviezen geeft over het afbouwen van antidepressiva, is onduidelijk of, wanneer en bij wie antidepressiva kunnen worden afgebouwd. Nieuw onderzoek streeft ernaar behandelaars en patienten handvatten te bieden bij het veilig afbouwen van antidepressiva.
Applying Theory to Practice: Measuring Learning Outcomes from a STEM Doctoral Program

In 2013, Morris, Kuratko and Cornwall [1] reported a trend in entrepreneurship education moving from a focus on starting small businesses toward stimulating innovative, growth-oriented ventures. They forecast a broadening of entrepreneurship education leading students to "think and act in entrepreneurial ways in all facets of life, to pursue careers where entrepreneurship can manifest in many different ways, and to apply the entrepreneurial mindset in their personal lives" (p. 16). This approach was adopted at Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in the design of a Ph.D. program for life science and bioengineering students. The faculty instigators recognized that the majority of STEM doctoral program graduates were not choosing academic careers and were not necessarily being prepared to engage in entrepreneurial behavior either through new venture creation or opportunity seeking within larger organizations. In reviewing the entrepreneurship education literature, it was noted that many programs lacked clear learning objectives and that few provided outcome measures [2, 3]. In this paper, we explain how learning outcomes were developed and implemented for a program selected by the National Science Foundation for its innovativeness and potential for replication, and how results have been and are being evaluated in accordance with Mialaret's [4] theoretical perspective for designing and implementing an education program.
A Separation-of-Powers Model of U.S. Chief Justice Opinion Assignment

I examine the quintessential member of the Supreme Court, the Chief Justice, in the context of the separation of powers (SOP). As the leader and public face of the Court, the chief is more likely t...
Protesting “For Conscience’ Sake”: Resistance to Civil Defense at Drew University, 1960 - 1962

In the midst of growing resistance to civil defense planning during the early 1960s, a series of protests occurred at Drew University. Students planned and participated in direct-action civil disobedience against Operation Alert (OPAL) shelter drills on the campus in 1960 and 1961. This paper explores the legal and social consequences of those protests, contextualizing the student activism within the national anti-nuclear movement. Sources such as media coverage, organizational and personal correspondence, oral history interviews with participants, and court records are synthesized into an analysis of the student-activists’ beliefs, plans, goals, and achievements. This paper argues that the protests are representative of a larger shift in the antinuclear movement. Despite the fact that the Drew protests garnered little public attention beyond New Jersey, they demonstrate a new phase of the Cold War, in which the average American felt empowered to take a stand against the once all-powerful nuclear state. The thirteen students who protested in 1960 or 1961 were motivated by their personal convictions and inspired by contemporary resistance movements. They were both empowered by and supportive of a cultural shift against the assumption that preparation for nuclear war was a patriotic duty that every American must embrace.
Maternal trauma and fear history predict BDNF methylation and gene expression in newborns.

Trauma and related fear exert significant influence on mental and physical health throughout the lifespan and are associated with intergenerational patterns of development, health, and behavior. DNA methylation and gene expression are involved in our developmental adaptations to our experiences and can be influenced by social interventions. Patterns of DNA methylation and expression of a gene involved in neurodevelopment and psychiatric risk (BDNF) have been linked with childhood trauma. Given the intergenerational patterns of health and behavior, and previous links between childhood trauma and BDNF methylation and expression, this study investigated the potential for maternal history of traumatic experiences to influence development in her newborn, via changes in her newborn's BDNF methylation and expression. We found that mothers' trauma history was associated with epigenetic regulation of BDNF in their newborns. Moreover, the association between maternal trauma and BDNF methylation and expression patterns were moderated by newborn sex. Male newborns showed increased BDNF expression with maternal exposure to child abuse (p = .001), and increased BDNF methylation with greater maternal fear (p = .001). Female newborns showed reduced BDNF expression with greater maternal fear (p = .004). Practitioners strive to identify prevention and intervention avenues that will reduce the harmful effects of trauma. Future research should consider the potential for maternal historical trauma experiences to influence offspring DNA methylation and gene expression in a manner that could alter development and inform novel prevention strategies.
Biofeedback training during pregnancy decreases the risk of postpartum depression: a prospective randomized controlled trial

Objective To explore the clinical function of biofeedback training in patients with high risks of postpartum depression,and to provide a new method to decrease the risk of postpartum depression.Methods From May 1,to December 31,2010,in Bayi Children's Hospital,General Hospital of Beijing Military Area Command of Chinese PLA,60 pregnant women with Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) evaluation score of 6 to 12 at 12～14 gestational weeks were randomly divided into the biofeedback training group (n=30) and the control group (n=30).The control group learned prenatal care knowledge in pregnant women's school.Moreover,the biofeedback training group received Self-generate Physiological Coherence System training till one week before delivery.Both groups were evaluated with the EPDS at baseline,and 3 days,6 weeks,3 months postpartum.Differences between the two groups were compared with mixed effect model.Results Totally,there were 51 pregnant women finished the study,including 25 women in the biofeedback training group and 26 in the control group.There were no statistical difference in EPDS score at 12～14 gestational weeks between the biofeedback training group and control group [8.5±2.0 vs 8.5±1.9,t=0.03,P=0.97].At 3 days,6 weeks and 3 months postpartum,the EPDS score of biofeedback training group was 4.1 ± 1.8,4.7 ± 2.0 and 4.6 ± 1.8 respectively,which was lower than those in the control group (6.5 ± 2.4,7.0 ± 2.5and 6.9±2.4) (interaction effect F=4.35,P=0.01).On each postpartum time-point,OR value and 95％CI was 0.12 (0.03-0.45),0.21 (0.06-0.68) and 0.23 (0.07-0.77),P＜0.05 respectively.Cohen's d value were 1.17,0.99 and 1.06 respectively.Compared with the baseline value,the total EPDS scores in each study stage declined with varied degrees in both groups,and the score-reducing level were obvious in the biofeedback training group than in the control group.Conclusion Biofeedback training could effectively relieve the depression symptoms in pregnant women with high risks of postpartum depression,and decrease the risk of postpartum depression. Key words: Depression, postpartum; Biofeedback (psychology) ; Pregnancy complications; Depressive disorder; Treatment outcome
Lectoescritura inicial en Latinoamérica y el Caribe: una revisión sistemática

Este articulo proporciona una descripcion general de la metodologia y los resultados de una revision sistematica de la evidencia sobre la lectoescritura inicial en la region de America Latina y el Caribe de 1995 a 2016. Incluye los resultados de una revision sistematica original, asi como una actualizacion de la revision. La revision incluye evidencia cuantitativa y cualitativa sobre lectura y/o escritura centrada en ninos desde el nacimiento hasta el tercer grado desde o en America Latina o el Caribe. Los hallazgos indican que existen grandes brechas en la evidencia en terminos de temas, asi como en terminos de la calidad de la evidencia que se produce en la region. Este articulo identifica brechas de investigacion especificas que requieren mayor atencion, asi como algunas recomendaciones para avanzar.
Association of substance use disorders and drug overdose with adverse COVID-19 outcomes in New York City: January-October 2020.

Background Evidence suggests that individuals with history of substance use disorder (SUD) are at increased risk of COVID-19, but little is known about relationships between SUDs, overdose and COVID-19 severity and mortality. This study investigated risks of severe COVID-19 among patients with SUDs. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of data from a hospital system in New York City. Patient records from 1 January to 26 October 2020 were included. We assessed positive COVID-19 tests, hospitalizations, intensive care unit (ICU) admissions and death. Descriptive statistics and bivariable analyses compared the prevalence of COVID-19 by baseline characteristics. Logistic regression estimated unadjusted and sex-, age-, race- and comorbidity-adjusted odds ratios (AORs) for associations between SUD history, overdose history and outcomes. Results Of patients tested for COVID-19 (n = 188 653), 2.7% (n = 5107) had any history of SUD. Associations with hospitalization [AORs (95% confidence interval)] ranged from 1.78 (0.85-3.74) for cocaine use disorder (COUD) to 6.68 (4.33-10.33) for alcohol use disorder. Associations with ICU admission ranged from 0.57 (0.17-1.93) for COUD to 5.00 (3.02-8.30) for overdose. Associations with death ranged from 0.64 (0.14-2.84) for COUD to 3.03 (1.70-5.43) for overdose. Discussion Patients with histories of SUD and drug overdose may be at elevated risk of adverse COVID-19 outcomes.
Predatory Lending Laws and the Cost of Credit

Various states and other local jurisdictions have enacted laws intending to reduce predatory and abusive lending in the subprime mortgage market. These laws have created substantial geographic variation in the regulation of mortgage credit. This article examines whether these laws are associated with a higher or lower cost of credit. Empirical results indicate that the laws are associated with at most a modest increase in cost. However, the impact depends on the product type. In particular, loans with fixed (adjustable) rates are associated with a modest increase (decrease) in cost.
ISCE Docker Tools: Automated Radiometric Terrain Correction and Image Coregistration of Uavsar MLC Data

In Summer/Fall 2019, the UAVSAR platform was used to collect dense time series over several agricultural and biomass sites in the southeastern US. This data is to be used for developing ecosystem science algorithms for the upcoming NASA-ISRO SAR (NISAR) mission. Development and testing of these algorithms require routine SAR processing steps such as image co-registration and terrain correction. Because the NISAR mission will use the Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) Scientific Computing Environment (ISCE) for data processing from Level 0 through Level 2, we focused on developing a new ISCE workflow to facilitate UAVSAR Multi-Looked-Cross Products (MLC) data processing. The workflows are python scripts and can be readily modified according to user needs. They operate in conjunction with a Docker image of ISCE, which allows data processing on any system that supports Docker (https://www.docker.com/). A defining feature of this workflow is that it usually only requires minimal interaction by the user: the user only needs to provide the desired UAVSAR MLC data and run one docker command to initiate the data processing.
Characterization of Gromov-type geodesics

The collection $\mathcal{M}$ of all isometry classes of compact metric spaces endowed with the Gromov-Hausdorff distance $d_\mathcal{GH}$ is known to be a geodesic space. However, there is no known structural characterization of geodesics in $\mathcal{M}$. In this paper we provide two such characterizations. We first prove that every Gromov-Hausdorff geodesic is in fact a geodesic in the Hausdorff hyperspace of some compact metric space, which we call a Hausdorff geodesic. Inspired by this characterization, we further elucidate a structural connection between Hausdorff geodesics and Wasserstein geodesics: every Hausdorff geodesic is equivalent to a so-called Hausdorff displacement interpolation. This equivalence allows us to establish that every Gromov-Hausdorff geodesic is dynamic, a notion which we develop in analogy with dynamic optimal couplings in the theory of optimal transport. Besides geodesics in $\mathcal{M}$, we also study geodesics on the collection $\mathcal{M}^w$ of isomorphism classes of compact metric measure spaces. Sturm constructed a family of Gromov-type distances on $\mathcal{M}^w$, which we denote $d_{\mathcal{GW},{p}}^\mathrm{S}$ (for $p\in[1,\infty)$), and proved that $(\mathcal{M}^w,d_{\mathcal{GW},{p}}^\mathrm{S})$ is also a geodesic space. We are interested in $d_{\mathcal{GW},{p}}^\mathrm{S}$ geodesics which are (essentially) Wasserstein geodesics. We prove the set of such geodesics is dense in the set of all $d_{\mathcal{GW},{p}}^\mathrm{S}$ geodesics and identify a rich class of such geodesics.
Conclusion: Africa and the Diaspora: Findings in Intersectionalities and Interconnections

This summary chapter synthesizes the ideas presented throughout the book by comparing and contrasting the different perspectives offered by each author. While the chapters presented throughout this volume represent different academic disciplines, case studies, and methodological approaches, the running theme of intersectionality has been the common focus. Each of the authors has contributed to the understanding of intersectionality through nuanced evaluations of topics they are intimately familiar with through their field work and academic research. This conclusion serves as an evaluation of the preceding chapters through a comparison on the main themes addressed by each contributor and how they thematically relate to one another.
Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome and the cardiovascular system: What is known?

Abstract Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome (PACS) is defined by persistent symptoms >3–4 weeks after onset of COVID-19. The mechanism of these persistent symptoms is distinct from acute COVID-19 although not completely understood despite the high incidence of PACS. Cardiovascular symptoms such as chest pain and palpitations commonly occur in PACS, but the underlying cause of symptoms is infrequently known. While autopsy studies have shown that the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) rarely causes direct myocardial injury, several syndromes such as myocarditis, pericarditis, and Postural Orthostatic Tachycardia Syndrome have been implicated in PACS. Additionally, patients hospitalized with acute COVID-19 who display biomarker evidence of myocardial injury may have underlying coronary artery disease revealed by the physiological stress of SARS-CoV-2 infection and may benefit from medical optimization. We review what is known about PACS and the cardiovascular system and propose a framework for evaluation and management of related symptoms.
Triadic patterns across classical and popular music corpora: stylistic conventions, or characteristic idioms?

Many musical traditions – from Western art, to popular and commercial – organize pitch phenomena around a referential pitch class (or tonic) and feature triads and seventh chords. As a result, tria...
Can Landsat 7 preserve its science capability with a drifting orbit

Abstract Since 2017, the orbit of Landsat 7 has drifted outside its nominal mission requirement toward an earlier acquisition time because of limited onboard fuel resources. This makes quantitative analyses from Landsat 7 data potentially unreliable for many scientific studies. To comprehensively understand the effect of ongoing (2018–2020) orbit drift on Landsat 7 data, we compared surface reflectance and Top-Of-Atmosphere (TOA) reflectance of growing season observations (July 1 ± 30 days) from Landsat 7 with orbit drift and Landsat 8 with nominal orbit using a total of 10,000 randomly selected Northern Hemisphere (0–750 N) terrestrial pixels. To evaluate the future (2021–2023) effect of Landsat 7's orbit drift, we analyzed the historical Northern Hemisphere terrestrial growing season Earth Observing-1 (EO-1) TOA reflectance images, which shared a similar orbit drift as Landsat 7 but occurred much earlier. Results suggest that Landsat 7's orbit drift has already led to a general decrease in surface reflectance and TOA reflectance in 2019 and 2020, with a limited impact (overall reflectance changes less than 0.007). The influence of orbit drift is more substantial for the two shortwave infrared (SWIR) bands and the near infrared (NIR) band, but less for the three visible bands (i.e., Red, Green, and Blue). The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), derived from either surface reflectance or TOA reflectance, increased less than 0.003 in 2020. According to the historical EO-1 TOA reflectance data, we estimate that the effect of Landsat 7's orbit drift will be much more dramatic in the future (e.g., the NIR and SWIR bands will decrease more than 0.015 since July 1, 2021), and for different land cover types, the effects of orbit drift are also quite different. To reduce this influence, we examined the c-factor Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function (BRDF) normalization approach to correct the orbit drift impact for Landsat 7 surface reflectance data collected between 2019 and 2020. We found that the c-factor BRDF can reduce the data difference substantially, but how this approach works after Landsat 7's orbit drifts further still requires more investigation. Therefore, we determined that Landsat 7 can preserve its science capability until 2020, but will be less reliable for remote sensing applications that need accurate absolute radiometric values after 2020. Correction methods such as c-factor BRDF could be a potential viable approach to maintain its science capability going forward.
Transfer Status and 90-Day Mortality in ICU Patients with Sepsis: A Propensity Matched Analysis.

ABSTRACT Background Timely identification and management of sepsis in surgical patients is crucial, and transfer status may delay optimal treatment of these patients. The objective of this study was to compare in-house and 90-day mortality between patients primarily admitted or transferred into the surgical ICU (SICU) at a tertiary referral center. Material and methods All patients admitted to the SICU with a diagnosis of sepsis (Sepsis III) were reviewed at a single institution between 2014 to 2019 (n = 1489). Demographics, comorbidities, and sepsis presentation were compared between transferred (n = 696) and primary patients (n = 793). Primary outcomes evaluated were in-house and 90 day mortality in an unmatched and propensity score matched cohorts. A P value Results Transfer patients were more likely to have obesity (60% versus 49%, P Conclusions Transfer status is associated with an over 80% increase in the odds of 90 day mortality for patients admitted to the SICU with sepsis. Aggressive patient identification and earlier transfer of those at higher risk of death may reduce this effect.
CommCar - An Integrated Approach to In-Vehicle Telephones

The development and implementation of a vehicle integrated 800 Mhz cellular telephone system is described. Particular emphasis is placed on the interconnection of existing vehicle systems through the use of digital data links. It is shown that systems integration can provide increased feature content in a vehicle without the corresponding space requirements. It is also shown that ergonomic advantages may be realized with integrated systems over discrete systems.
TRANSITION-METAL-SUBSTITUTED HETEROPOLY ANIONS IN NONPOLAR SOLVENTS - STRUCTURES AND INTERACTION WITH CARBON DIOXIDE

Original reports by Pope’s group concentrated on possible application of TMS HPT’s in nonpolar solvents as oxidation catalysts, owing to the fact that HPT’s substituted with Mn were found to complex oxygen in toluene. Our group considered the opposite, i.e. possible application of TMS HPT’s in nonpolar solvents as reduction catalysts. The specific reduction that we have in mind is the multielectron reduction of carbon dioxide. It was shown in 1989 by Anson et al. 4 that Fe substituted HPT’s can function as catalysts for multielectron reduction of nitrite anion to ammonia, a process that requires 6 electrons. While in the presence of many other electrocatalysts that reaction occurs via a series of one-electron steps and the products include hydroxylamine, in the case of electrocatalysis by a heteropoly tungstate, no hydroxylamine was observed and the major product of the reduction was ammonia. The first step in the electrocatalytic process observed by Anson is the complexation of nitrite by iron from the heteropoly complex. Next the reduced tungsten cage serves as a reservoir for the storage of electrons that are subsequently transferred to nitrogen in a concerted, intramolecular, multiple electron process. The unique catalytic reactivity of the iron substituted HPT in this process was
Kinesin family member 6 (kif6) is necessary for spine development in zebrafish.

Background: Idiopathic scoliosis is a form of spinal deformity that affects 2–3% of children and results in curvature of the spine without structural defects of the vertebral units. The pathogenesis of idiopathic scoliosis remains poorly understood, in part due to the lack of a relevant animal model. Results: We performed a forward mutagenesis screen in zebrafish to identify new models for idiopathic scoliosis. We isolated a recessive zebrafish mutant, called skolios, which develops isolated spinal curvature that arises independent of vertebral malformations. Using meiotic mapping and whole genome sequencing, we identified a nonsense mutation in kinesin family member 6 (kif6 gw326 ) unique to skolios mutants. Three additional kif6 frameshift alleles (gw327, gw328, gw329) were generated with transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs). Zebrafish homozygous or compound heterozygous for kif6 frameshift mutations developed a scoliosis phenotype indistinguishable from skolios mutants, confirming that skolios is caused by the loss of kif6. Although kif6 may play a role in cilia, no evidence for cilia dysfunction was seen in kif6 gw326 mutants. Conclusions: Overall, these findings demonstrate a novel role for kif6 in spinal development and identify a new candidate gene for human idiopathic scoliosis. Developmental Dynamics 243:1646–1657, 2014. V C 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Transaction Groups: A Model for Controlling Cooperative Transactions

Many interactive applications that are being developed for high-performance workstations involve several users in a collaborative activity. Modern database systems synchronize activities on shared data by ensuring that the results are serializable. Serializability is often too limiting a correctness criterion for cooperative work. Instead, we need a way of specifying correctness in an application-dependent way, such that the database system can monitor the evolving schedules and determine when an activity would violate an assumption being made by another concurrent activity. The storage manager must be capable of supporting interactions with many cooperative activities each of which is composed of multiple agents. This paper discusses how a distributed object server can support heterogenous sharing protocols without interference. We define active entities called transaction groups that are used to isolate the behavior of one set of cooperating agents from another.
Approximation by a Sum of Complex Exponentials Utilizing the Pencil of Function Method

The approximation of a function by a sum of complex exponentials, in general, is a nonlinear optimization problem. The nonlinear problem, however, is linearized through the pencil-of-function method. This method differs from the classical Wiener least squares approach where an integrated squared error is minimized. Among the advantages of this method are its natural insensitivity to noise in the data and explicit determination of the signal order. Examples are presented to illustrate the stability of this technique when noise is present in the data.
Neural implementation of computational models of motion analysis

It is noted that the fundamental properties of neurons that respond to moving objects can be represented in space-time plots. Recent neurobiological work with the visual cortex of turtles indicates how the generation of such plots can be understood in terms of underlying neural mechanisms. A preparation of turtle visual cortex has been developed that retains the axons of neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate complex. One can place two stimulating electrodes in this bundle of fibers and sequentially activate two fascicles of axons that carry information from different regions of visual space over a range of interstimulus intervals. By recording from neurons in the visual cortex using intracellular recording methods, one can construct temporal integration curves that describe the time course of temporal facilitation of synaptic potentials in these neurons. >
The effects of correlation among observations on the consistency property of sample mean

E' noto che anche se le osservazioni campionarie sono correlate e non-normali la media campionaria converge in probabilita alla media della popolazione. Ma gli effetti della correlazione fra le osservazioni su questo tasso di convergenza sono incogniti, ed e proprio di questi effetti che tratta l'articolo. Si mostra che la media campionaria converge alla media della popolazione piu velocemente se la correlazione e negativa, di quanto non faccia se le osservazioni sono indipendenti, e analogamente piu lentamente se la correlazione e positiva. Cosi in presenza di correlazione negativa tra le osservazioni la consistenza della media campionaria e raggiunta con un numero di osservazioni uguale (o anche minore) di quello necessario nell'ipotesi di indipendenza. Ma se la correlazione e positiva la numerosita campionaria dipende dall'intensita della correlazione, e puo essere estremamente grande per livelli elevati di correlazione positiva.
Chronic Radiation Bone Toxicity is Associated with Decreased Perfusion Without Elevation of Circulating or Soft Tissue TGFβ or TNFα

Concern over long term bone growth hampers the full utility of radiation in pediatric oncology. We know of no therapies that have been used routinely as prophylaxis following irradiation to prevent complications of bone, though some have been suggested.23 Radiation is known to have severe and prolonged anti-angiogenic and fibrogenic effects.20,21,29,30 These effects are species and strain dependent in experimental animals.15 Though the mechanism of this anti-angiogenic response is unknown, it is likely that a component of this effect is cytokine mediated.2,15 In previous studies we have found that angiogenic factors can alleviate some acute complications of radiotherapy. We hypothesize that angiogenic therapies featuring cytokines or cytokine modifying agents can also prevent or reduce some late complications. To test this hypothesis we electively treated mice with basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) up to 2 months after irradiating a single hind leg and then measured tibia growth, circulating and local tissue anti-angiogenic cytokine production, and tibia bone blood flow