cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
From Revolutionary Comrades to Gendered Partners Marital Construction of Breadwinning in Post-Mao Urban China

Drawing on gender construction theory, this study examines marital construction of breadwinning as both responsibility and privilege in urban China in the market reform (1978–). Data come from interviews with 39 married couples in Beijing in the summer of 1998. Husbands are found to be more devoted to paid work than are wives, although both spouses are active in the labor market. Moreover, both wives and husbands prefer the husband to be the main or obligatory provider and the wife to be a family-committed career seeker. The analysis shows that the persistence of the male provider role in urban China is mainly due to marital interactions on an everyday basis, the normative constraints of the breadwinning boundary to both genders, and the lack of an economic environment that provides wives with a sufficient number of self-fulfilling jobs and socialized domestic services.
Pituitary Hormone Secretion in Normal Male Humans: Acute Responses to a Large, Oral Dose of Monosodium Glutamate

Numerous studies have shown that the administration of a glutamate receptor agonist or a high dose of glutamate stimulates pituitary hormone secretion in animals. However, only a single human study has reported that an oral load of glutamic acid induced the secretion of prolactin and probably adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) (but not other pituitary hormones). Because of glutamate's use in foods as monosodium glutamate (MSG), a flavoring agent, and the limited amount of human data, we studied the effect of a large oral dose of MSG in humans on the secretion of prolactin and other pituitary hormones. Fasting male subjects bearing venous catheters received on separate days each of the following four treatments: a vehicle, MSG (12.7 g), a high protein meal (a physiologic stimulus of prolactin secretion) by mouth, or an intravenous infusion of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH, a pharmacologic stimulus of prolactin secretion). Plasma hormone responses were quantitated by RIA at 20-min intervals for 4 h. The protein meal induced a modest increase and TRH infusion a substantial increase in plasma prolactin, whereas MSG ingestion did not. MSG ingestion also did not raise the plasma concentrations of any of the other pituitary hormones measured (luteinizing hormone, follicle-stimulating hormone, thyroid-stimulating hormone, growth hormone) or of cortisol. Ingestion of MSG raised plasma glutamate concentrations 11-fold; the protein meal did not raise plasma glutamate. The results demonstrate that MSG ingestion in humans does not modify anterior pituitary hormone secretion. One implication is that diet-derived glutamate may not penetrate into hypothalamic regions controlling anterior pituitary function.
Rise of the hardware Trojans

Driven by strong economic incentives the globalization of the semiconductor design and fabrication industries has given rise to numerous vulnerabilities in the manufacturing chain. From design to production countless hands contribute until fabrication is completed. An adversary can introduce a Trojan designed to disable and/or destroy a system at some future time or the Trojan may leak confidential information and secret keys covertly to the adversary. These vulnerabilities have raised serious concerns regarding possible threats to financial infrastructures, transportation security systems, and military systems. Clearly there is a strong motivation to classify and study adversarial hardware design modifications, i.e. hardware Trojan horses. Here we very briefly summarize types of hardware Trojans and refer the reader to relevant works.
Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty Through a Medial Approach

Background: Unicompartmental knee arthroplasty of the medial compartment has excellent long-term clinical outcomes. Arthritis isolated to the lateral compartment is much less common; subsequently, the clinical outcomes of the treatment of that condition are less frequently reported. Most commonly, the lateral compartment is approached through a lateral arthrotomy. The purpose of this study was to determine the mid-term results of lateral unicondylar replacement through a medial arthrotomy in patients with primary osteoarthritis or posttraumatic arthritis. Methods: From 1991 to 2004, forty-nine lateral unicompartmental knee arthroplasties were performed in forty-five patients by a single surgeon. One patient was excluded from the study because of a severe underlying neurologic condition. Lateral unicompartmental replacement was performed in thirty-eight knees with primary osteoarthritis and in ten knees with posttraumatic arthritis secondary to a tibial plateau fracture. Retrospective chart reviews and radiographic evaluations were performed, and Knee Society scores were determined. Results: The average Knee Society knee and function scores improved from 39 and 45 points, respectively, preoperatively to 89 and 80 points at an average of 5.2 years postoperatively. Preoperative alignment averaged 10° of valgus, which was corrected to an average of 6.2° of valgus postoperatively. There were no revisions and no notable soft-tissue complications. The mean postoperative knee and function scores were significantly better for patients with primary osteoarthritis (95 and 86 points, respectively) than they were for those with posttraumatic arthritis (74 and 65 points). Conclusions: Lateral unicompartmental knee replacement through a medial approach provided durable and reliable short to mid-term results. This approach is safe, effective, and extensile, making it a viable alternative to a lateral approach. The outcomes of lateral unicompartmental replacement in patients with posttraumatic arthritis can be expected to be inferior to those in patients with primary osteoarthritis. Level of Evidence: Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions to Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Nanocarriers for tracking and treating diseases.

Site directed drug delivery with high efficacy is the biggest challenge in the area of current pharmaceuticals. Biodegradable polymer-based controlled release nanoparticle platforms could be beneficial for targeted delivery of therapeutics and contrast agents for a myriad of important human diseases. Biodegradable nanoparticles, which can be engineered to load multiple drugs with varied physicochemical properties, contrast agents, and cellular or intracellular component targeting moieties, have emerged as potential alternatives for tracking and treating human diseases. In this review, we will highlight the current advances in the design and execution of such platforms for their potential application in the diagnosis and treatment of variety of diseases ranging from cancer to Alzheimer’s and we will provide a critical analysis of the associated challenges for their possible clinical translation.
Demonstration of a broadband microwave imager using spectral hole burning as a narrowband image sieve

We present broadband microwave imaging that uses Fourier optical beamforming to project squinted broadband images into a spectral hole burning material from which independent narrowband images are read, de-squinted, and summed into broadband microwave images.
A network coding method for channel signatures based key distribution

To enhance network security, we propose a secret key generation and distribution method for multihop wireless OFDM networks. In this method, the inherent physical features of wireless channel signatures, including randomness and reciprocity, are exploited to generate secret keys. In addition, a network coding approach is introduced for key distribution between a pair of transmitter and receiver in a multi-hop network. Our proposed protocol constructs the secret key from multiple branches at the source and forwards partial key information through separate paths to the destination using a simple and robust network coding operation. Under our protocol, cooperative relay nodes cannot decipher the key due to the partial information available, which provides a strong encryption capability for multi-hop systems. Mathematical analysis and excessive simulations demonstrate the high effectiveness of our proposed scheme.
The Role of Bisphosphonates in Medical Oncology and Their Association with Jaw Bone Necrosis

Bisphosphonates, synthetic analogues to inorganic pyrophosphates found in the bone matrix, inhibit bone resorption. Bisphosphonates and their related effects on the jaw have been established since 2001. The pathogenesis of bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ) is multifactorial and still under investigation. Currently, drugs with mechanisms of action involving remodeling suppression, osteoclast depression, and decreasing angiogenesis are under investigation for causing BRONJ-like symptoms. Further studies are needed to determine the effective length of use of biphosponates and the efficacy of drug holidays to prevent BRONJ.
Analysis theory for the shaped-beam doubly curved reflector antenna

An analysis theory of the shaped-beam doubly curved reflector antenna is described. The analysis computes the far-field patterns by calculating the current density distribution on the nonanalytic surface that the shaped-beam doubly curved reflector presents using the physical optics vector approximation. The presented theory utilizes a computer solution approach to achieve an accurate knowledge of the principal and cross-polarization elevation and azimuth patterns by numerically integrating the field contributions over the entire reflector surface. A comparison of the computed and measured principal plane patterns is shown.
The topological and chemical implications of introducing oriented rings to [3]catenanes

We report the synthesis of three donor–acceptor azido-functionalised catenanes, wherein the asymmetric positioning of the azide group on one or two of the ring components renders its resident macrocycle constitutionally asymmetric, and so it acts as an oriented ring. As a consequence, the analyses of (i) a monoazido[2]catenane, (ii) a monoazido[3]catenane and (iii) a bisazido[3]catenane, which exists as a mixture of two conditional topological isomers, are significantly complicated. Accordingly, characterisation of the catenanes, which was achieved by a combination of dynamic 1H NMR spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and single crystal X-ray diffraction, is an arduous task. We expect that the difficulties in analysing these mechanically interlocked molecules will be encountered more frequently as chemists prepare entities with increasingly complex topologies.
Neural alterations associated with anxiety symptoms in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.

Background: Neuropsychological comorbidities, including anxiety symptoms, accompany obstructive sleep apnea (OSA); structural and functional brain alterations also occur in the syndrome. The objective was to determine whether OSA patients expressing anxiety symptoms show injury in specific brain sites. Methods: Magnetic resonance T2-relaxometry was performed in 46 OSA and 66 control subjects. Anxiety symptoms were evaluated using the Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI); subjects with BAI scores>9 were classified anxious. Whole brain T2-relaxation maps were compared between anxious and nonanxious groups using analysis of covariance (covariates, age and gender). Results: Sixteen OSA and seven control subjects showed anxiety symptoms, and 30 OSA and 59 controls were nonanxious. Significantly higher T2-relaxation values, indicating tissue injury, appeared in anxious OSA versus nonanxious OSA subjects in subgenu, anterior, and mid-cingulate, ventral medial prefrontal and bilateral insular cortices, hippocampus extending to amygdala and temporal, and bilateral parietal cortices. Brain injury emerged in anxious OSA versus nonanxious controls in bilateral insular cortices, caudate nuclei, anterior fornix, anterior thalamus, internal capsule, mid-hippocampus, dorsotemporal, dorsofrontal, ventral medial prefrontal, and parietal cortices. Conclusions: Anxious OSA subjects showed injury in brain areas regulating emotion, with several regions lying outside structures affected by OSA alone, suggesting additional injurious processes in anxious OSA subjects. Depression and Anxiety, 2009. © 2008 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
In Defense of FMLA: The Unfounded Criticism Against a Noble Legislation

Several groups, especially from the business side, have criticized the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA) as imposing burden on employers that are required to comply with it. And for those who support the Act, they argue that it has inadequate scope and coverage. However, most of the criticisms are unfounded and appear to undermine the well-intended reasons behind this noble legislation. The paper discusses four criticisms made against the FMLA. The first criticism concerns the Act’s provision dealing with serious health condition. The second criticism concerns the intermittent leave provision in the Act. The third criticism deals with the Act’s scope of coverage. And, the fourth criticism deals with the impact that the Act has on conscientious employees. The paper argues against all these criticisms by showing that notwithstanding the concerns and unfounded criticisms, the FMLA helps to save U.S. jobs while minimizing gender discrimination by its very application.
Cytology of benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma in peritoneal washings.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the cytological aspect of peritoneal washings in benign multicystic peritoneal mesothelioma (BMPM). METHODS: Three peritoneal washing specimens stained by standard cytological and histological procedures and analysed by light microscopy. RESULTS: The specimens showed an abundance of monomorphous mesothelial cells devoid of atypia or mitoses. The mesothelial cells were calretinin positive. They also showed numerous squamous metaplastic cells arranged in flat sheets or isolated cells. The background contained some inflammatory cells. CONCLUSION: The combination of cytology of the peritoneal washing, histology (cell block and surgical specimen) and clinical history allow differentiation of BMPM from other cystic lesions (cystic lymphangioma and malignant mesothelioma).
Facilitating student learning through engaging prior learning: an exercise in development of agency

This paper discusses an exercise that bookends an introductory course in economics for non-majors that draws on their prior learning and attempts to provide them the opportunity for reflection and self-awareness. The course aims to help students enter economic conversations by engaging their capacity for moral imagination and developing their sense of agency.
Limited Commitment and Moral Hazard in Late Classical Athenian Maritime Loans

Maritime loans in late classical and early Hellenistic Athens stand out by their high annualised interest rate usually ranging between 60 and 100%. Evaluating the information about loan contracts given in legal speeches delivered in Athenian courts during the 4th century BC, I claim that this high interest rate reflects informational problems. In particular, I argue that a combination of only partially enforceable contracts, lack of lenders’ ability to monitor borrowers and a special Athenian law freeing the borrower from repayment in case of shipwreck or piracy gave rise to a serious moral hazard problem. A simple game theoretic model that incorporates this problem is formulated and found to be able to explain the data at reasonable parameter calibrations.
Discovering a hidden privilege: Ethnography in multiracial organizations as an outsider within:

In this article I use an ‘outsider within’ epistemology to conduct a reflexive analysis of the impact of researcher characteristics on gathering data in multiracial organizations. The reported research elucidates that the intersection of race, gender, class background, age and occupational prestige influenced the ethnographer's social interactions with respondents in the teaching profession. With examples selected principally from two years of ethnographic fieldwork in two predominantly racial/ethnic minority multiracial schools in Southern California, I identify a hidden privilege for Latina professionals. I contend that unlike white or male privilege, which are granted consciously and unconsciously, the hidden privilege is fleeting, and works only when verbally revealed in occupations held in lower prestige.
Lorenzo’s Oil in Treatment of Asymptomatic ALD

The effect of 4:1 glyceryl trioleate-glyceryl trierucate (Lorenzo’s oil) on disease progression in 89 asymptomatic boys (mean age 4.7+/-4.1 years; range 0.2-15 years) with X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (ALD) and normal brain MRI was studied at Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, and other centers.
Communicating with our Metastatic Breast Cancer Patients about the Goals of Treatment and Goals of Palliative Care

All of us as clinicians want to provide a glimmer of hope to our patients battling advanced metastatic breast cancer. Initially we may be able to confidently talk about a stage IV breast cancer patient likely living quite a few years on hormonal therapy as a means to keep her disease in control. At some point however, the disease does eventually progress and decisions need to be made about what treatments next to consider. These treatments we also know will be more toxic and riddled with side effects that will likely impact the patient’s quality of life.
Is There Still a Problem About the Self

The puzzling concept of self is analyzed as a double singularity. Selfi is the self as the bare numerical identity of personhood and self2 is the unique set of beliefs each selfi has about itself. These selves are shown to be discursively produced through the indexical properties of conversation. The dichotomy has been challenged by certain feminist writers. At one level, the challenge can be resolved by treating it as an observation about the multiple selves2 any selfi must handle. A deeper level of challenge suggests that the ways the problems of handling multiple selves2 are dealt with affect the sense of personal identity expressed as selfi. The deeper challenge is met by showing first that the only tenable theory of selfhood is grammatical. The first person pronouns index speech acts with spatial location of speaker and speaker’s position in a moral order. In the light of that demonstration, it is shown how the problems of selves2 can affect the way that pronouns index speech acts with positions in a...
Self-Study: Practical Tips for a Successful and Rewarding Experience

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) self-study is a new process for ACGME accredited radiology programs. This article serves to provide the reader with the evolution of ACGME accreditation leading to the conception of the self-study process, detail the self-study method, and offer practical advice to programs embarking upon their inaugural self-study.
Biophenols-loaded solid lipid particles (SLPs) development by membrane emulsification

Abstract The present study investigates the preparation of biophenols-loaded solid lipid particles (SLPs) using the membrane emulsification process. This study involves two main novelties: the first is the encapsulation of amphiphilic/hydrophilic bioactive compounds in the hydrophobic matrix and the second is the use of cold membrane emulsification for the production of SLPs. The main objectives of this work were: i) to investigate the process parameters influencing the encapsulation efficiency in SLPs, (ii) to compare the membrane emulsification technique with conventional emulsification methods and (iii) to identify the operative conditions that allow to produce highly concentrated SLPs with improved encapsulation efficiency and low energy consumption. The influence of lipid phase compositions (cocoa butter, cocoa butter/ethyl acetate (4:1)) and the temperature of operation on the SLPs size, encapsulation efficiency and energy consumption was investigated. The membrane emulsification process allowed producing uniform particles with mean size corresponding to 3.6 times the pore size of the membrane. The encapsulation efficiency of hydroxytyrosol, an amphiphilic compound with antioxidant properties of the olive biophenol family, was about 2 times higher than with the homogenizer when the process was carried out at 40 °C. The high solidification rate obtained when the process was carried out at room temperature determined an increase of the encapsulation efficiency up to 90%. The energy consumption associated with membrane emulsification process was two order of magnitude lower than the homogenizer.
The relationship between treatment accessibility and preference amongst out-of-treatment individuals who engage in non-medical prescription opioid use.

Background Relatively little is known regarding the perception of medication-assisted treatments (MATs) and other treatment options amongst individuals that engage in non-medical prescription opioid use. This study surveyed out-of-treatment individuals that misuse opioids to better understand how perceived access to treatment shapes treatment preference.
Factors influencing reagin formation in experimental human sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides antigen. I. Influence of chronic infection (tuberculosis ) on rate of sensitization.

Abstract 1.1. Active sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides antigen was experimentally induced, by repeated intracutaneous injections, in over 90 per cent of negative reactors, most of whom were not atopic. 2.2. Sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides antigen was demonstrable in 19 per cent of 110 subjects at the time of S 3 (fourteenth day in most cases), in 54 per cent of 104 cases at S 5 , in 81 per cent of 89 patients at S 9 , and in 92 per cent of 86 cases at S 12 . 3.3. The antibody responsible for the immediate skin reaction was the atopic reagin. The presence of this antibody in the sera of sensitized subjects was demonstrated by the Prausnitz-Kustner technique. 4.4. Chronic tuberculous infection did not appear to be a factor affecting the rate of sensitization to Ascaris antigen. 5.5. Evidence was uncovered which suggested that the rate of active sensitization to Ascaris lumbricoides might be influenced by a sex factor.
Permeability pathways of Ca2+ efflux from mitochondria: H+ specificity and reversibility of the permeability defect.

During the 1970’s it was established that the inner membrane of isolated mitochondria from adrenal cortex, heart, and liver can display an unusually high permeability to small molecules and ions following the imposition of certain metabolic conditions (1–10). Generally, what is required to produce the permeable inner membrane state is energy-dependent Ca2+ accumulation preceding or following the administration of another agent which is often referred to as a “Ca2+ -releasing agent” (11–14). Substances possessing “Ca2+-releasing agent” activity normally lack detergent properties and are diverse with respect to their chemical properties and biological activities. The “Ca2+-releasing agents” investigated by our group include N-ethylmaleimide (5, 6, 11, 13, 15), t-butylhydroperoxide (14–16), oxalacetate, (11), inorganic phosphate (11, 13), rhein (16), and hypolipidemic drugs such as WY-14643 and dofibric acid (17).
Analysis and Modeling of the End-to-End I/O Performance on OLCF's Titan Supercomputer

With the increase of scale and complexity seen in a variety of leadership-class scientific computation and simulation applications, it has become more important to understand their I/O performance characteristics. The user-observed performance is a combination of properties of how the application is using the HPC facility, as well as how others' use of the facility causes variability in the static machine capabilities. Our work leverages statistical analysis of I/O performance data gathered with fine time resolution over a full week from Titan supercomputer. Based on observed properties of the distribution of I/O latencies, we build a three-state hidden Markov model (HMM) to characterize the end-to-end I/O performance on Titan. We parameterize our model using part of the field-gathered I/O performance data and validate it against the rest. The validation results demonstrate that our model can capture the dynamics of end-to-end I/O performance on Titan accurately.
Activities and situations when young adults drive drunk in Rural Montana

Objectives This qualitative study explored activities and situations that often result in young adults driving while under the influence of alcohol in rural Montana. Methods Eleven focus groups were conducted in 8 rural counties across Montana, and 72 persons (50.7% female, 63.4% college students) aged 18 to 25 years old participated. Focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed, and narrative text segments were coded independently by 2 researchers. Results Participants noted a variety of situations specific to rural settings that promoted drunk driving by young adults. Drinking at several types of outdoor activities, such as branding events and festivals, facilitated alcohol consumption in underage youth; drunk driving often followed. Underage youth frequently drank while driving along back roads to avoid detection. Drinking while driving, ie, booze cruising, was thought of as a fun activity and sometimes involved firearms, ie, spotlighting. Driving after drinking was seen as necessary to get home or to other locations. Conclusions Our findings should be used to inform multifaceted community-wide programs aimed at reducing underage alcohol consumption as well as deterring driving after/while drinking. Interventions could include media campaigns, improving enforcement of DUI and underage drinking laws, providing alternative transportation, and passing additional alcohol control laws.
Numerical Simulation of Brownian Particle Diffusion in a Turbulent Channel Flow

Abstract Motions of submicron particles in a simulated turbulent channel flow field is studied. The turbulent flow velocity field is generated by a direct numerical simulation of the Navier-Stokes equation with the pseudospectral method. The equation of motion of particles including the Brownian effects is used and ensembles of particle trajectories are numerically evaluated and statistically analyzed. Effects of particle properties on dispersion mechanism and wall deposition rate are studied. The results are compared with those obtained from the exact solution to the corresponding convective diffusion equation in the absence of turbulent fluctuations. Using a uniform initial concentration profile, the deposition rate of particles on the wall is also evaluated and the results are compared with the existing models.
Regulation of the Promyelocytic Leukemia Protein and Its Role in Premature Senescence

Premature senescence functions as a tumor suppressor mechanism in response to oncogenic stimuli. It is characterized by irreversible cell cycle arrest mediated by tumor suppressors such as p53, Rb and the Promyelocytic Leukemia (PML) protein. PML mainly localizes in sub-nuclear structures known as PML nuclear bodies. These nuclear bodies accumulate in senescent cells largely due to increased PML gene transcription driven by p53 and/or the interferon pathways. PML exerts its pro-senescence activity by modulating both the p53 and Rb pathways, the major regulators of the cellular senescence program. Mechanistically, PML binds and promotes p53 modifications to generate a positive feedback loop, thereby triggering the senescence program. In addition, PML associates with Rb and may function in Rb/E2F-mediated gene silencing in senescent cells. Moreover, PML bodies recruit DNA damage sensing and repair proteins, thereby linking PML to the activation of the DNA damage response pathway, a pathway frequently activated in senescence. Therefore, elucidation of key factors controlling PML protein abundance will help to better understand how cells become transformed by avoiding senescence and allowing continued cellular proliferation in the presence of oncogenic signals. These findings will also be crucial in aiding scientists and physicians in the development of novel anti-cancer therapies by restoring PML to trigger senescence.
Long-term results of a phase I/II trial of nelfinavir with concurrent chemoradiotherapy for locally advanced non-small cell lung cancer.

8552Background: The objective of this Phase I/II trial was to determine the response rate and overall survival (OS) of concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CT-RT) in combination with the radiosensitizer N...
A BERO CLF Themed Nifty Middle School Module: Teach Functional Programming Using Music and Generate Interest in Coding and Robotics

Information Technology (IT) computing based curriculum is still a relatively new addition to the standard K-12 educational framework, especially at the middle school level. Many middle schools have not yet implemented tech curriculum to prepare students for their almost inevitable interactions with computers in the workplace, and give them a chance to explore technology careers at an early age. The work presented in this paper is a research case study conducted in the form of building a unique cell-bot learning framework (CLF) themed educational module and its usage in an effort to contribute towards the middle school IT computing curriculum. Existing literature on robotics based tech curriculum for young children indicate that there have been multiple instances of curriculum design and development work at the K-12 level, involving robotic kits like LEGO Mind-storm, Bee-bots, Sphero robots. However, to our knowledge, the BERO robotic device has never been used for producing robotic technology curriculum at the middle school level. In this paper, we propose a nifty workshop module, which utilizes the unique CLF themed BERO. Our lesson plan is specifically designed for introducing mobile robotics and functional programming to middle school youth using music, thereby providing a fun and interactive experience in tech computing education. We expose our young workshop participants to the tech skills of programming a BERO and making it dance to music using a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet. The experiential learning process is aided by the use of an innovative visual aid program tool, which has been designed and developed by us. This paper describes our creative BERO middle school workshop module, which has been successfully implemented to conduct several hands-on workshop sessions for middle school students, as part of our Google IgniteCS outreach program. Our paper also presents the survey data collected from our workshop participants in an effort to evaluate our nifty CLF theme based experiential learning model. Our survey results are promising, and indicate the potential of our nifty module to teach introductory functional coding and to generate interest in robotic programming, thereby acting as a prospective educational interface for recruiting future tech students, leading to IT careers.
Potato: an Anti-Inflammatory Food

Some foods promote inflammation and some reduce it. Chronic intestinal inflammation drives a variety of diseases such as inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), colon cancer, obesity, cardiovascular diseases, and type 2 diabetes, which plagues society today. Because plant-based food is effective against chronic diseases via modulation of gut microbiota and inflammation, there is a growing interest in anti-inflammatory staple food crops. Potato contains anti-inflammatory components such as resistant starch, fiber, and anthocyanins. Given the wide variation in potato germplasm for these compounds, there exists an opportunity to further develop potato as a potent anti-inflammatory staple crop.
Virtual Surgical Planning Decreases Operative Time for Isolated Single Suture and Multi-suture Craniosynostosis Repair.

Background Cranial vault reconstruction is a complex procedure due to the need for precise 3-dimensional outcomes. Traditionally, the process involves manual bending of calvarial bone and plates. With the advent of virtual surgical planning (VSP), this procedure can be streamlined. Despite the advantages documented in the literature, there have been no case-control studies comparing VSP to traditional open cranial vault reconstruction. Methods Data were retrospectively collected on patients who underwent craniosynostosis repair during a 7-year period. Information was collected on patient demographics, intraoperative and postoperative factors, and intraoperative surgical time. High-resolution computed tomography scans were used for preoperative planning with engineers when designing osteotomies, bone flaps, and final positioning guides. Results A total of 66 patients underwent open craniosynostosis reconstruction between 2010 and 2017. There were 35 control (non-VSP) and 28 VSP cases. No difference in age, gender ratios, or number of prior operations was found. Blood loss was similar between the 2 groups. The VSP group had more screws and an increased length of postoperative hospital stay. The length of the operation was shorter in the VSP group for single suture and for multiple suture operations. Operative time decreased as the attending surgeon increased familiarity with the technique. Conclusions VSP is a valuable tool for craniosynostosis repair. We found VSP decreases surgical time and allows for improved preoperative planning. Although there have been studies on VSP, this is the first large case-control study to be performed on its use in cranial vault remodeling.
Security-Constrained Transmission Expansion Planning with Risk Index of N-1 Security Obtained from PMU Data

Power transmission network must evolve to satisfy load growth with reliability and economic considerations. Furthermore, cascading transmission line outages might contribute to widespread blackouts. To respond to the risk of cascading line outages, regulations and policies force planners to consider N-1 security criterion in the transmission expansion. However, outages do not have the same probability and risk level. In this paper, we proposed a security-constrained transmission expansion planning (TEP) model with non-identical N-1 security criterion. To model the severity of each contingency, two performance indices, including post-contingency MW flow and voltage-reactive power, are formulated to account for probability and severity of individual contingencies. In addition, power system uncertainties are modeled with a data-driven approach that uses historical data obtained from phasor measurement units (PMUs). The proposed TEP model is implemented on the IEEE RTS 24-bus system. Simulation results illustrate the efficacy of the proposed model in order to cope with the high-risk contingencies.
siRNA-mediated knockdown of B3GALT4 decreases GM1 ganglioside expression and enhances vulnerability for neurodegeneration.

Abstract Reduced levels of brain gangliosides GD1a, GD1b, GT1b and to a lesser extent GM1 have been found in substantia nigra (SN) from Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, along with decreased gene expression for key enzymes (B3Galt4, St3gal2) involved in synthesis of these gangliosides. Based on these observations, the present study examined the extent to which decreased expression of B3GALT4 mRNA and resulting decreased levels of GM1 ganglioside in dopaminergic cells may increase the vulnerability of these cells to degeneration in response to a neurotoxicant exposure that under normal circumstances would not result in neurodegeneration. Differentiated SK-N-SH cells were treated with B3GALT4 siRNA to significantly reduce B3GALT4 mRNA expression and decrease GM1 levels. Exposure of these cells to a low concentration (10 μM) of the neurotoxin MPP+ that previously produced no toxicity resulted in approximately 50% cell loss after B3GALT4 siRNA treatment. This was a similar a degree of cell loss observed with 100 μM MPP+ in normal, differentiated SK-N-SH cells. Addition of GM1 to the culture medium after siRNA treatment was able to significantly protect cells from enhanced MPP+ toxicity. These data suggest that decreased B3GALT4 and GM1 expression can increase cell vulnerability to potentially toxic stressors and that such mechanisms may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration in PD.
Ohio Forests 2016

This report constitutes the third full report of annualized inventory on Ohio forest land and summarizes field data collected from 2011 through 2016. Ohio has 8.0 million acres of forest land containing 103 tree species and 50 forest types. Net cubic-foot and sawtimber volumes continued to increase, as did the area occupied by large diameter stands. Growing-stock volume remained stable overall, though it decreased 3 percent on private land since 2006. The net-growth-to-harvest-removals ratio dropped from 2.3:1 in 2011 to 1.6:1 in 2016. Invasive insects have had a substantial impact on Ohio's forests, particularly for ash species. Additional information on land-use change, fragmentation, ownership, forest composition, structure, age, carbon stocks, regeneration, invasive plants, insect pests, and the possible future of Ohio's forests is also presented. Sets of supplemental tables are available online at https://doi.org/10.2737/NRS-RB-118 and contain: 1) tables that summarize quality assurance and 2) a core set of tabular estimates for a variety of forest resources.
Motivational Processes in the Regulation of Sleep/Wake States

Abstract Sleep is ubiquitous in the animal kingdom and is important for many functions of the organism. Nonetheless, under some circumstances, animals need to forgo sleep to engage in different motivated behaviors, including predator evasion and food seeking. The capacity to properly respond to external and internal cues with adequate arousal can have both short- and long-term consequences on the survival and fitness of animals. Which internal and external cues modulate sleep and wake states? What are the neuronal circuit elements that link motivational processes to sleep and wake regulation? In this chapter, we will start by describing circadian and homeostatic aspects of sleep/wake regulation. We will then describe motivational influences on sleep and wakefulness and present neuronal systems that may coordinate motivation processes with the regulation of sleep and wakefulness.
Examining the Supportive Disciplines of Health Education: A Conceptual Model and Example

Abstract The theoretical advancement of health education is dependent upon a focused recognition of the various supportive fields and subdisciplines. I believe that this recognition can be facilitated through incorporation of a question-driven model designed to incorporate applicable theory and practice elements from other helping professions. The field of social work was chosen as a starting point for the investigation. Utilizing a series of questions, the model subsequently identified two subdisciplines—family therapy and school-social work—as being particularly relevant to health education. Further questions regarding theory and methods of these subdisciplines provided validation as well as direction for current and future health education practice. Ethical and political implications also are discussed.
The Labor Market Effects of Legal Restrictions on Worker Mobility

We analyze how the legal enforceability of Noncompete Agreements (NCAs) affects labor markets. Using newly-constructed panel data, we find that higher NCA enforceability diminishes workers’ earnings and job mobility, with larger effects among workers most likely to sign NCAs. These effects are far-reaching: examining local labor markets that cross state borders reveals that enforceability affects workers’ earnings in different legal jurisdictions. Revisiting a classic model of wage-setting, we find that—in contrast to prior evidence—workers facing high enforceability are unable to leverage tight labor markets to increase their wage. Finally, higher NCA enforceability exacerbates gender and racial wage gaps.
Recent advances on catalysts for improving hydrocarbon compounds in bio-oil of biomass catalytic pyrolysis

Abstract This paper reports the progress of catalysts for improving the hydrocarbon compounds in bio-oil obtained from catalytic pyrolysis of biomass. In addition, the effects of the other operating conditions, such as temperature, type of biomass, heating rate, vapors residence time, carrier gas, and hydrogen donor on the yield and properties of bio-oil have been briefly explored. Temperature and catalysts type were found to have major impact on the bio-oil yield and quality. TGA-DTA analysis of biomass revealed that major biomasses pyrolysis zone for high bio-oil yield is in the range of 400–600 °C. Pilot, semi-pilot and large-scale units reported an average temperature of 500 °C for pyrolysis of biomass. The development of advanced catalysts such as zeolite-based catalysts, supported transition and noble metal catalysts, and metal oxide catalysts have been designed to remove the undesired compounds and to increase the hydrocarbon yield in bio-oil. Noble metal supported catalysts produced bio-oil with a low content of oxygenated compounds compared to non-noble metal catalysts; however, their cost and accessibility favor the utilization of non-noble metal supported catalysts.
A Sensitivity-based Approach to Adaptive Under-Frequency Load Shedding

This paper proposes a Lagrange multipliers-based adaptive under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) method for frequency control in power systems. UFLS is one of key factors for frequency stability especially in stressed power grids with high penetration of renewable energy generation and deregulated electricity market. Conventional UFLS methods usually shed fixed amount of predetermined loads at predetermined locations which can lead to over or under load curtailment. This paper presents an adaptive method, based on Lagrange multipliers of power balance constraints, to determine not only the amount of the load-step to be shed but also the best locations for load shedding. This method applies a two-stage strategy for load-shedding. In the first stage, the deficit/disturbance power is computed based on the initial rate of change of frequency. In the second stage, the optimization analysis is performed so as to calculate Lagrange multipliers, which are used in the determination of the location and the amount of load-step to be shed. The proposed method is implemented on several test systems including the reduced 9-bus 3-machine Western Electricity Coordinating Council (WECC) system and the New England 39-bus 10-machine system. The results show that the proposed UFLS approach can effectively bring the system back to normal state after contingencies.
Ink bridge control in the electrohydrodynamic printing with a coaxial nozzle

Abstract A coaxial nozzle, consisting of two coaxially aligned capillaries to minimize the nozzle clogging (often encountered in a single capillary EHD printing) by enabling continuous ink circulation between the inner and outer ink channels, had been recently proposed for the electrohydrodynamic (EHD) printing. The EHD printing by the coaxial nozzle, however, remains in the early development stage, particularly with respect to the control of ink flow and meniscus during the jetting process. The ink bridge, which connects both openings of the inner and outer capillaries, plays an important role in keeping the ink circulating and influencing the jetting meniscus pinned at the inner capillary tip. In this study, a closed-loop feedback control was developed to automatically regulate the volume of the ink bridge during the printing. It was found that the ink bridge volume affects the volume and shape of the jetting meniscus, which is directly correlated to the printed dot size. Comparing the coaxial printing nozzle to the single capillary nozzle, the addition of the larger outer nozzle does not decrease the printing resolution. The difference in the printed dot diameter between the two printing configurations is less than 5 %. For a given print setting and a specific ink, an optimal ink bridge volume was identified to produce the smallest dot size. With the ink-bridge shape control, the print resolution can be improved by 24.5 %. The correlation between the ink bridge volume, jetting meniscus volume, and the printed dot size also depends on the ink conductivity and the extrusion length of the inner capillary. The coaxial nozzle EHD printing, featuring the continuous ink circulation and effective ink bridge control, provides a reliable manufacturing process in the pattern generation and microfabrication.
Adapting to one- and two-way classified structures of hypotheses while controlling the false discovery rate

Abstract There is ample research on false discovery rate (FDR) control for testing hypotheses classified according to one criterion. However, scenarios of hypotheses partitioned via two different criteria are often encountered in practice. Such two-way classification encodes more structural information in the associated multiple testing of the hypotheses than its one-way or un-classified counterparts. Unfortunately, there seems to be very little research tailored for multiple testing under that classification setting. This article proposes weighted versions of the Benjamini–Hochberg (BH) method, both in their oracle and data-adaptive forms, efficiently capturing one- or two-way classified structure of hypotheses through appropriately chosen weights. The proposed methods control FDR non-asymptotically in their oracle forms under positive regression dependence on subset (PRDS) of null p-values and in their data-adaptive forms for independent p-values. The one-way data-adaptive methods are asymptotically conservative under weak dependence. Simulations demonstrate these methods’ superior power performances over some contemporary procedures and provide evidence of their non-asymptotic conservativeness under certain dependence scenarios. The proposed two-way adaptive procedure is effectively applied to a data set from microbial abundance study.
Sensitivity of organized convective storms to model grid spacing in current and future climates.

Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are complexes of thunderstorms that become organized and cover hundreds of kilometres over several hours. MCSs are prolific rain producers in the tropics and mid...
Unicoronal Craniosynostosis: Is There a Lateral Difference in Retinal Morphology?

Background Craniosynostosis is the premature fusion of cranial sutures in pediatric patients, which may lead to elevated intracranial pressure due to cerebro-cephalic disproportion between a growing brain and constricted skull. It is unknown whether this increased pressure is distributed equally throughout the cranial vault, or whether certain areas of the brain experience greater pressure at these regions of premature osseous fusion. Methods Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is a noninvasive modality for detecting elevated intracranial pressure. Optical coherence tomography was utilized to measure the peripapillary retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) thickness in patients undergoing surgical correction of craniosynostosis. Retinal nerve fiber layer in the eye ipsilateral to the unicoronal suture fusion was compared to the RNFL in the eye contralateral to the unicoronal suture fusion. Results During the study interval, 21 patients met inclusion criteria. Median age at operative intervention was 8.0 months, and 28.6% patients presented with left-sided unicoronal craniosynostosis, whereas 71.4% of patients presented with right-sided unicoronal craniosynostosis. Rather than universal increase on the affected side of coronal suture fusion, retinal nerve fiber layer thickness parameters showed a rotation phenomenon, such that the patterns of elevation had a 45° circumferential rotation in the direction of intorsion. Conclusions The explanation for these results remains elusive, but they likely indicate either intracranial changes transmitted differentially to the peripapillary retina, or differing retinal morphology, between the ipsilateral and contralateral eyes in unicoronal craniosynostosis.