cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Tropical Cyclone Motion: Environmental Interaction Plus a Beta Effect

Abstract The dynamics of tropical cyclone motion are investigated by solving for instantaneous motion tendencies using the divergent barotropic vorticity equation on a beta plane. Two methods of solution are presented a direct analytic solution for a constant basic current, and a simple numerical solution for more general conditions. These solutions indicate that cyclone motion can be accurately prescribed by a nonlinear combination of two processes. 1) an interaction between the cyclone and its basic current (the well known steering concept), and 2) an interaction with the Earth's vorticity field which causes a westward deviation from the pure steering flow. The nonlinear manner in which these two processes combine with the effect of asymmetries in the steering current raise some interesting questions on the way in which cyclones of different characteristics interact with their environment, and has implications for tropical cyclone forecasting and the manner in which forecasting techniques are derived.
Ultra-wide bandwidth improvement of piezoelectric energy harvesters through electrical inductance coupling

The design and analysis of innovative ultra-wide bandwidth piezoelectric energy harvesters are deeply investigated. An electrical inductance is considered in the harvester’s circuit to be connected in series or parallel to a load resistance. A lumped-parameter model is used to model the electromechanical response of the harvester when subjected to harmonic excitations. A linear comprehensive analysis is performed to investigate the effects of an electrical inductance on the coupled frequencies and damping of the harvester. It is shown that including an electrical inductance connected in series or in parallel to an electrical load resistance can result in the appearance of a second coupled frequency of electrical type. The results show that the inclusion of an inductance may give the opportunity to tune one of the coupled frequencies of mechanical and electrical types to the available excitation frequency in the environment. Using the gradient method, an optimization analysis is then performed to determine the optimum values of the electrical inductance and load resistance that maximize the harvested power. It is demonstrated that, for each excitation frequency, there is a combination of optimum values of the electrical inductance and resistance in such a way an optimum constant value of the harvested power is found. Numerical analysis is then performed to show the importance of considering an additional inductance in the harvester’s circuitry in order to design broadband energy harvesters. The results show that the presence of the second coupled frequency of electrical type due to the inductance gives the possibility to design optimal broadband inductive-resistive piezoelectric energy harvesters with minimum displacement due to shunt damping effect.
Behavioral Screening for Toxicology

Screening for behavioral toxicity, or neurotoxicity, has been in use for decades; however, only in the past 20 years has this become a standard practice in toxicology. Current screening batteries, such as the functional observational battery (FOB), are derived from protocols used in pharmacology, toxicology, and psychology. Although there is a range of protocols in use today, all focus on detailed observations and specific tests of reflexes and responses. Several neurological functions are typically assessed, including autonomic, neuromuscular, and sensory, as well as levels of activity and excitability. The tests have been shown to be valid in detecting expected effects of known neurotoxicants, and reliable and reproducible when compared across laboratories. Regardless of the specific protocol used, proper conduct and statistical analyses of the data are critical. Interpretation is based on the information from individual end points as well as the profile, or pattern, of effects observed. As long as continual refinements are made, behavioral screening methods will continue to be important tools with which to protect human health in the future.
Every test makes a difference: Compressing analog tests to decrease production costs

We introduce a methodology for automated test compression during electrical stress testing of analog and mixed signal circuits. This methodology optimally extracts only portions of a functional test that electrically stress the nets and devices of an analog circuit. We model test compression as a problem of optimizing functional of the transient response. We present a random tree based approach to find optimal solutions for these computationally hard integrals. We demonstrate with an op-amp, VCO and CMOS inverter that the method consistently reduces the length of each test by an average of 93%.
The inhibitory effects of dietary agents, benzyl isothiocyanate and sulforaphane in pancreatic cancer cells

A124 Pancreatic cancer is one of the most serious cancers. Each year about 32,000 individuals in the United States are diagnosed with pancreatic cancer. According to the American Cancer Society, there are estimated 37,170 new cases and 33,370 deaths from pancreatic cancer in the United States in 2007. Cancer of the exocrine pancreas is rarely curable and has an overall survival rate of less than 4%. The highest cure rate occurs if the tumor is truly localized to the pancreas; however, this stage of the disease accounts for fewer than 20% of cases. For those patients with localized disease and small cancers ( We examined the inhibitory activity of bioactive compounds from Cruciferous vegetables, Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) and sulforaphane, 3,39-diindolylmethane (DIM) in human pancreatic cancer cell lines, PANC-1 and HPAC. BITC and sulforaphane inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis of PANC-1 and HPAC human pancreatic cancer cell lines, while DIM had much less inhibitory effects in both pancreatic cancer cell lines. Because the constitutive activation of Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (Stat3) is frequently detected in pancreatic cancer and contributes to angiogenesis, survival, and growth of pancreatic cancer cells, we examined whether BITC might inhibit Stat3 pathway. Interestingly, BITC inhibited the tyrosine phosphorylation of Stat3 but did not inhibit the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 MAPK and p70S6 kinase suggesting that Stat3 is one of the targets of BITC-mediated inhibition in these cancer cells. Combinations of lower doses of BITC and sulforaphane inhibited cell viability and induced apoptosis more dramatically than single agent alone in PANC-1 and HPAC pancreatic cancer cell lines. These results suggest that dietary agents, BITC and sulforaphane have potent inhibitory activity in human PANC-1 and HPAC pancreatic cancer cells and may have translational potential for chemoprevention or therapeutic agents for pancreatic cancer.
Cor triatriatum dexter variant identified by critical congenital heart disease screening

Critical congenital heart disease (CCHD) screening utilizes pulse oximetry to detect heart disease in the neonatal period. While the primary targets for screening are common cyanotic lesions, screening may result in a diagnosis of rare cyanotic lesions such as cor triatriatum dexter (CTD). CTD is a rare congenital cardiac malformation caused by persistence of the right valve of the sinus venosus, which divides the right atrium into two chambers. Here, we describe an asymptomatic female newborn with a positive screening for CCHD diagnosed with a variant of CTD. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of CTD diagnosed after a positive CCHD screen. With the advent of CCHD screening, identification of rare congenital heart diseases in asymptomatic infants may increase. CCHD screening allowed diagnosis and management without surgical repair of CTD in a clinically asymptomatic infant.
Improvement on Determination Conditions of protein in milk powder

[Objective]To improve the determination conditions of protein in milk powder for easier operation and control of experiment.[Methods]According to the national standard Determination of protein in foods(GB/T 5009.5-2003),the conditions of sample pre-treatment and extractive distillation were improved,which were two important steps in Determination of protein in Milk powder and formula foods for infants.The protein contents of a same milk powder sample of different conditions were compared.[Results]There was no difference in the protein contents of a same milk powder sample between before and after improvement of determination conditions.[Conclusion]The improved conditions are easy for operation and control in determination of protein in milk powder,and it will not cause the failed experiment.
Spirituality Self-Care Practices as a Mediator between Quality of Life and Depression

The purpose of this study was to develop a midrange theory, building on Orem’s self-care deficit nursing theory (SCDNT) to include constructs of religion, spirituality, and spiritual self‑care practices. This mid-range theory, White’s theory of spirituality and spiritual self-care (WTSSSC), was developed and tested as part of a larger study of African American patients with heart failure (HF). The aim of the study was to determine if spiritual self-care practices were mediating the relationship between depression and quality of life for African Americans diagnosed with heart failure. Participants in this study included 142 African Americans diagnosed with HF who were recruited at the clinic where they were being treated. Four instruments were used to measure spiritual self-care practices (White’s Spiritual Self-Care Practice Scale (WSPSCPC)), depression symptomology (Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9)), quality of life (World Health Organization QOL (WHOQOL-Bref)), and personal characteristics. Results of the analysis were statistically significant, indicating that spirituality self-care practices were mediating the relationship between depression and quality of life for African American individuals diagnosed with HF. As the population ages and chronic illness becomes more common, nurses need to promote the use of spirituality self-care practices to help patients maintain their well-being.
From Chaperones to the Membrane with a BAM

Outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play a central role in the integrity of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria. Unfolded OMPs (uOMPs) transit across the periplasm, and subsequent folding and assembly are crucial for biogenesis. Chaperones and the essential β-barrel assembly machinery (BAM) complex facilitate these processes. In vitro studies suggest that some chaperones sequester uOMPs in internal cavities during their periplasmic transit to prevent deleterious aggregation. Upon reaching the outer membrane, the BAM complex acts catalytically to accelerate uOMP folding. Complementary in vivo experiments have revealed the localization and activity of the BAM complex in living cells. Completing an understanding of OMP biogenesis will require a holistic view of the interplay among the individual components discussed here.
Flower Wars and Battle Plays

Fray Toribio de Motolinia, in his History of the Indians of New Spain, reports that in Tlaxcala, for the feast of Corpus Christi 1539, there was staged a most extraordinary play.Some 1500 Nahua Indians who, twenty years before, had never heard the name of Jesus Christ and who had known nothing of the aspirations of European Christendom, enacted ‘a prediction’. In the dusty main square of the city, before an audience of ‘Pope, cardinals [and] bishops, all impersonated’, the armies of Catholic Europe and the New World, in earnest and raucous play, liberated Jerusalem from the Turks. Fireworks simulated artillery. Cannon-balls were made of ‘mud dried in the sun’ and ‘filled with moistened red earth, so that the one who was struck by them seemed badly wounded and covered with blood’. Patron saints galloped in on horseback to lead the Christian armies into battle, and the Archangel Michael, by means of ropes and pulleys hidden behind painted clouds, appeared on the central tower of Jerusalem to persuade the Turks to trust in God and to recognize Carlos V, Holy Roman Emperor and King of Spain, as ‘his captain on earth’. For the play’s finale, visionary pretence merged with sacramental reality: many of the defeated Turks, played by ‘adult Indians, who had been designedly prepared for Baptism’, asked for reception into the church and ‘were actually baptized’.
The age of Akbar

MUGHAL THEORIES OF KINGSHIP AND STATE POLITY Akbar is generally recognized as the greatest and most capable of the Mughal rulers. Under him Mughal polity and statecraft reached maturity; and under his guidance the Mughals changed from a petty power to a major dynastic state. From his time to the end of the Mughal period, artistic production on both an imperial and sub-imperial level was closely linked to notions of state polity, religion and kingship. Humayun died in 1556, only one year after his return to Hindustan. Upon hearing the call to prayers, he slipped on the steep stone steps of the library in his Din-Panah citadel in Delhi. Humayun's only surviving son and heir-apparent, Akbar, then just fourteen years of age, ascended the throne and ruled until 1605 the expanding Mughal empire. Until about 1561, Akbar was under the control of powerful court factions, first his guardian, Bhairam Khan, and then the scheming Maham Anga, a former imperial wet-nurse. Between about 1560 and 1580, Akbar devoted his energies to the conquest and then the consolidation of territory in north India. This he achieved through battle, marriage, treaty and, most significantly, administrative reform. Concurrent with these activities, Akbar developed an interest in religion that, while initially a personal concern, ultimately transformed his concept of state. Many of the policies he adopted, such as the renunciation of the poll-tax ( jiziya ) for non-Muslims, had a solid political basis as well as a personal one, for Akbar, much more than his Mughal predecessors, saw every advantage in maintaining good relations with the Hindu majority.
Abstract 1143: Pro-proliferative function of SIRT3 in a human melanoma xenograft mouse model

Melanoma is one of the most aggressive forms of skin cancer and is often lethal, if not treated early. Therefore, it is necessary to try to develop novel target-based strategies to combat this neoplasm. SIRT3 is a nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) -dependent mitochondrial protein deacetylase involved in metabolism- and aging- related disorders, including certain cancers. Interestingly, studies have suggested both tumor suppressor as well as tumor promoter roles of SIRT3 in cancer. However, its role in melanoma is not well-established. Previously, we have shown that SIRT3 was upregulated in human melanoma cells and its lentiviral knockdown resulted in anti-proliferative effects in human melanoma cells. We also found that SIRT3 knockdown resulted in the G1-phase arrest of the cell cycle, induction of senescence, and decrease in cell migration. This study was designed to determine the relevance of our in vitro findings to the in vivo situation, in human melanoma xenograft models. Employing immunodeficient mice (Crl:NU-Foxn1nu, homozygous; Strain 088), we first determined the effect of SIRT3-knockdown on melanoma tumorigenesis. The mice were subcutaneously implanted with shNS-SK-MEL-2 (control) and shSIRT3-SK-MEL-2 (SIRT3-knockdown) melanoma cells, followed by assessing tumorigenesis of melanoma cells. We found that compared to shNS-SK-MEL-2 cells, shSIRT3-SK-MEL-2 cells showed a significantly decreased tumorigenic potential in these mice, in terms of average tumor volume (measured weekly) and average tumor weight (measured at termination of the study). Further, the Kaplan-Meier analysis showed that SIRT3 knockdown resulted in a significant survival advantage, in terms of reaching the cutoff tumor size (2.0 cm in one dimension). In an additional strategy, we determined the tumorigenicity of SIRT3 overexpressing melanoma cells (Hs294T-SIRT3) in NU/NU mice. Our data demonstrated that compared to control Hs294T-pcDNA cells, the SIRT3 overexpressing Hs294T-SIRT3 cells demonstrated a significantly enhanced tumorigenic potential (average tumor volume and tumor weight) in NU/NU mice. Overall, our study provides evidence supporting a pro-proliferative role of SIRT3 in melanoma and suggests that SIRT3 needs to be further evaluated as a potential druggable therapeutic target for melanoma management. However, detailed mechanistic and in vivo studies in relevant melanoma models are needed to further validate our findings. Citation Format: Jasmine George, Minakshi Nihal, Mary A. Ndiaye, Nihal Ahmad. Pro-proliferative function of SIRT3 in a human melanoma xenograft mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 107th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2016 Apr 16-20; New Orleans, LA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(14 Suppl):Abstract nr 1143.
Psoriasiform Sarcoidosis: Collision of Two Entities or Expression of One Common Pathogenesis?

Background Psoriasiform lesions are an established, but rare, manifestation of sarcoidosis. Only 0.9 percent of patients with cutaneous sarcoidosis develop this form of the disease. Observation The authors present a case of a 61-year-old woman with a history of pulmonary sarcoidosis who presented to their dermatology clinic with thick plaques resembling psoriasis. Biopsy of one of the lesions revealed sarcoidal granulomas in association with psoriasiform changes. Conclusion Psoriasiform lesions are a rare manifestation of sarcoidosis. The authors theorize that the co-expression of TNF-α in both entities is a possible explanation of the psoriasiform expression of sarcoidosis.
How noise determines the evolution of communication

This essay focuses on a dozen predictions from a previous analysis of the evolution of communication in the presence of noise. First of all, (1) noise creates an unavoidable trade-off between two kinds of error by receivers. Furthermore, (2) a receiver's optimal criterion for response depends on the level of signals and (3) a signaller's optimal level of signalling depends on the receiver's criterion. As a result, (4) communication in noise can evolve to a joint optimum. (5) Communication at a joint optimum is honest on average. (6) Joint optima for communication in noise do not eliminate noise. (7) Many parameters of communication in noise remain poorly studied. (8) Noise leads to strong predictions for the evolution of exaggeration and thresholds. (9) Signals for advertising and for warning are contrasts in probable costs of errors. (10) The evolution of new signals and responses encounters a hurdle. (11) New signals and responses can evolve by exploitation. (12) Joint evolution of signallers and receivers has a predictable direction. These predictions will remain untested hypotheses until communication in noise is studied more thoroughly than it has been previously.
Doing Better: Sports, Economic Impact Analysis, and Schools of Public Policy and Administration

Consultants on economic impact projects face a challenge in terms of measuring the estimated benefits of such projects, particularly when they are promoted within a heightened, politicized context, as is often the case with the sports facilities. Supporters and opponents of such projects hire consultants (public and private) to measure the value of the investment, which is frequently couched as an economic impact assessment. This often leads to conflicting conclusions, with significant divergences in the measured value of the project. We use a comparative case study to highlight how this happens, and to illustrate for public policy and administration scholars how the lessons for conducting such analyses are lost on policy students, and also are reflected as bad or useless knowledge in the communities they serve.
Vortices in high-performance high-temperature superconductors

The behavior of vortex matter in high-temperature superconductors (HTS) controls the entire electromagnetic response of the material, including its current carrying capacity. Here, we review the basic concepts of vortex pinning and its application to a complex mixed pinning landscape to enhance the critical current and to reduce its anisotropy. We focus on recent scientific advances that have resulted in large enhancements of the in-field critical current in state-of-the-art second generation (2G) YBCO coated conductors and on the prospect of an isotropic, high-critical current superconductor in the iron-based superconductors. Lastly, we discuss an emerging new paradigm of critical current by design-a drive to achieve a quantitative correlation between the observed critical current density and mesoscale mixed pinning landscapes by using realistic input parameters in an innovative and powerful large-scale time dependent Ginzburg-Landau approach to simulating vortex dynamics.
Active visual search (AViS) dataset Track: Sensory exploitation

Image retrieval is a vital function for an active vision system recognizing vehicles in dynamic scenes. A pan-tilt-zoom camera provides a range of retrieval options, but is somewhat limited for algorithm development purposes in that if the conditions are not within a certain operative range (due to very bad weather, poor lighting conditions, etc.), retrieved images are not likely to be very useful. Therefore it becomes imperative to have an alternative source during development. This paper presents a dataset with an associated application programming interface (API) which seeks to be that alternative. In addition to simulating the actions and capabilities of pan-tilt-zoom cameras, this dataset and API provide access to template vehicle images as well as information on verified locations of targets which can be used for training and testing purposes.
College prospects and risky behavior among Mexican immigrant youth: The effects of in-state tuition policies on schooling and childbearing ☆

This paper examines how a reduction in the cost of college for undocumented students affects college enrollment and adolescent risky behaviors. Prior to 2001, undocumented students in the United States faced high out-of-state tuition costs at public colleges and universities. From 2001 to 2014, twenty-one states passed in-state tuition policies, reducing the average cost of college by more than half for these students. To the extent that teens are forward-looking and aware that lower tuition increases the likelihood of attending college, this price reduction should decrease the incidence of risky behavior during adolescence among the undocumented. Exploiting the variation in timing of in-state tuition policies across states and using Mexican foreign-born non-citizenship as a proxy for undocumented status, I find that these policies increase college enrollment by about 1.2 percentage points (12% of the sample mean), decrease high school dropout incidence by about 5 percentage points for female youth (27% of the sample mean), and decrease the likelihood of first birth before age 20 by 2 percentage points (9% of the sample mean).
An Extensible Recommendation System for Health Research

A challenge for basic and clinical biomedical researchers is to determine the particular technologies that can play a role in their research. Core facilities house, centralize, and specialize in particular services and technologies important to biomedical research. At the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, over 70 core facilities are available for such use, many with multiple technologies and services. In this paper, we design an Extensible Recommendation System (ERS) to aid investigators in finding which core facilities may impact their research. Recommendation techniques are applied to enhance the process of recognition of technologies and collaborators in a modern biomedical research environment. The architecture of the system has two parts: a core foundation module and extensible module. The foundation module follows from a CMS framework called Plone that handles the basic functions like database queries, user login, etc. The extensible module has a few components such as search component, a recommendation component, etc. The extensible module is designed to be flexible, in that it can be extended by as many recommendation algorithms as we need. In this paper, we compare several recommender systems for biomedical core research facilities. Our simulation results show that the recommender system based on Graph-Theoretic performs best amongst few similar recommenders.
82 Evaluating effectiveness of intimate partner violence education in clinical clerkships

Background Intimate Partner Violence (IPV), defined as any form of sexual, physical, or emotional harm perpetrated by a current or former partner or spouse, is a prevalent public health issue. Insufficient coverage of IPV education during medical school has contributed to many graduates who perceive IPV education as irrelevant to their future practices. An experiential IPV curriculum was integrated into three preclinical courses at Oakland University William Beaumont (OUWB) School of Medicine and its effectiveness was assessed with the Physician Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey adapted for healthcare students (PREMIS-HS). Results from an earlier iteration of this project showed an increase in IPV knowledge as well as overall self-confidence in the cohort’s ability to address IPV issues in the future during the preclinical years. In contrast, the aim of this project was to assess the effectiveness of clerkships at IPV education during the clinical years of medical school. Methods A cohort of medical students completed the PREMIS-HS during preclinical years. This cohort was asked to complete the survey again, along with an investigator-generated survey (Clerkships Contributions survey) regarding specific clerkship contributions to IPV education. Results Results from the PREMIS-HS and Clerkships Contributions survey showed a further increase in IPV knowledge scores (30.9Â±3.5) in comparison to scores collected during preclinical years (26.1Â±4.0), with the most knowledge and skills gained during the obstetrics and gynaecology clerkship. Conclusion Incorporating IPV education during clerkship years, in addition to preclinical years, will foster future generations of physicians with skills to appropriately screen and provide resources to patients affected by IPV.
Abstract 5: Early Outcomes After Carotid Endarterectomy Compared to Carotid Artery Stenting for Carotid Stenosis in the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program Database

Background: Carotid Endarterectomy (CEA) and Carotid Artery Stenting (CAS) are both viable treatment options for carotid artery stenosis. Factors including surgical risk, age, and symptomatic status are often used to help guide management decisions. Methods: We conducted a retrospective observational study using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (NSQIP) database to compare 30-day post-procedure outcomes including mortality, stroke, and myocardial infarction in patient with carotid stenosis undergoing CEA (n=54,640) versus CAS (n=488) from 2005 to 2012. Procedure type was identified by CPT codes. Findings: Patients undergoing CEA were more likely to be older and have symptomatic stenosis, and less likely to be white, have CHF, and have COPD. There was no significant difference between CEA and CAS in 30-day mortality (0.9% vs. 1.2%, p=0.33), stroke (1.6% vs. 1.6% p=0.93), myocardial infarction (0.9% vs. 1.6%, p=0.08), or combined outcome (3.0% vs. 4.9%, p=0.09). The interaction between symptomatic status and procedure type was not significant (p=0.29), indicating the association of symptomatic status with 30-day mortality was similar in cases receiving CEA and CAS. Conclusion: Early outcomes after CEA and CAS for carotid artery stenosis appear to be similar in a ‘real-world’ sample and comparable to clinical trials. Patients undergoing CAS were more likely to be younger and surgically higher risk based on baseline characteristics likely reflecting clinical practice case selection.
How Much of This Is New? Thoughts on How We Got Here, Solidarity, and Research in the Current Moment

This article offers three meditations on the 2016 election of Donald Trump for consideration by the readers of Anthropology & Education Quarterly: first, to query what is “new” about this political era; second, to draw attention to the performance of political opposition and violences of solidarity; third, to document my own navigations of the political present as a researcher and educator with thoughts for others who work with or are marked as “targeted populations.”
Experimental approaches to drug testing and clonogenic growth: results in multiple myeloma and acute myelogenous leukemia.

With the introduction of clonogenic assay methods for human multiple myeloma and acute myelogenous leukemia, it has become possible to carry out in vitro drug testing in these diseases. Major goals of developing such techniques have included both the selection of the best treatment for individual patients and preclinical drug screening and new drug development. In this analysis, results of in vitro testing using both clonogenic assay methods and thymidine incorporation techniques will be summarized. Correlations between the in vitro methods and the subsequent clinical response of patients will be critically evaluated and the potential for these types of approaches discussed.
Attenuation and Protection Efficacy of a Recombinant Infectious Laryngotracheitis Virus (ILTV) Depleted of Open Reading Frame C (ΔORFC) when Delivered in ovo.

SUMMARY In an effort to produce more stable vaccines for infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV), recombinant strains with deletion of genes associated with virulence have been evaluated for attenuation and protection efficacy. Among viral genes associated with virulence, a cluster of five open reading frames (ORFs; A through E) have been identified. An attenuated ILTV recombinant strain with deletion of the ORF C gene induced protection comparable to that elicited by the tissue culture origin (TCO) vaccine when administered via eyedrop. The objective of this study was to evaluate the attenuation and protection efficacy of the ΔORF C strain when delivered in ovo to maternal antibody negative (MAb−) and maternal antibody positive (MAb+) embryos. In ovo delivery of the ΔORF C strain did not affected hatchability or body weight gain, while virus transmission to contact chickens was minor. Nevertheless, nine of ninety (10%) of MAb− chickens vaccinated with the ΔORF C strain showed marked dyspnea, and upon p...
The gift-giving influence.

Physicians should recognize the influence that small gift-giving has on prescribing patterns and consequently interactions between pharmaceutical representatives and medical students and residents should be limited. Virtual Mentor is a monthly bioethics journal published by the American Medical Association.
Race/ethnic differences in respiratory problems among a nationally-representative cohort of young children in the United States

Using data from a nationally-representative cohort of young children in the United States, we ask the following: (1) Are there race/ethnic and birth weight differentials in the likelihood of developing respiratory problems by age three in a nationally representative birth cohort? (2) To what extent does birth weight, vis-a-vis other key sociodemographic risk factors, mediate race/ethnic differentials in reported respiratory problems? (3) Does the effect of birth weight on respiratory problems risk differ by race? We find that non-Hispanic black children are 1.7 times as likely as non-Hispanic white children to be reported to have respiratory problems by age three, while the risk for Hispanic children is similar to that of non-Hispanic white children. Birth weight is also very strongly related to respiratory problem risk. Specifically, children born at very low weights (500–1499 g) have four times the odds of having respiratory problems of heavier children. Statistical controls for birth weight decrease the black-white differential by about 20%, while additional controls for sociodemographic factors reduce the race differential by an additional 35%. Finally, the net effect of birth weight is different for black and white children: whereas birth weight affects the risk of respiratory problems for black children only at low weights (<1500 g), it remains an important predictor of excess risk for white children up to 3500 g.
Disorders of Ion Transport in Red Blood Cells

This chapter is addressed to two general questions: (a) How has the study of human illnesses contributed to our knowledge of red blood cell transport? (b) What have investigations of transport in pathological red blood cells taught us about mechanisms of disease? Each of the first four sections deals with an area in which information from pathological human red cells has raised some issues of concern for membrane physiologists. The final two sections discuss how an understanding of cellular solute and water movements might bear on the pathogenesis of hemolysis in vivo and on the abnormal function of membranes in tissues other than the red cell. Inasmuch as several recent reviews of these topics are available(1–3) the emphasis in this chapter is on work published since 1970. Baseline information on the composition, structure, and transport properties of normal red cells may be found in preceding chapters of this volume and is not reviewed herein except for the purpose of defining terms.
Functional Evaluation of the π-Helix in the NAD(P)H:FMN Reductase of the Alkanesulfonate Monooxygenase System.

A subgroup of enzymes in the NAD(P)H:FMN reductase family is comprised of flavin reductases from two-component monooxygenase systems. The diverging structural feature in these FMN reductases is a π-helix centrally located at the tetramer interface that is generated by the insertion of an amino acid in a conserved α4 helix. The Tyr insertional residue of SsuE makes specific contacts across the dimer interface that may assist in the altered mechanistic properties of this enzyme. The Y118F SsuE variant maintained the π–π stacking interactions at the tetramer interface and had kinetic parameters similar to those of wild-type SsuE. Substitution of the π-helical residue (Tyr118) to Ala or Ser transformed the enzymes into flavin-bound SsuE variants that could no longer support flavin reductase and desulfonation activities. These variants existed as dimers and could form protein–protein interactions with SsuD even though flavin transfer was not sustained. The ΔY118 SsuE variant was flavin-free as purified and did...
Mycobacterial invasion of epithelial cells.

Infections caused by organisms of the genera mycobacteria are responsible for a great percentage of yearly deaths dues to infectious diseases. Tuberculosis is a widespread infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is transmitted mainly as an airborne infection. M. bovis is found in cattle and it is transmitted to humans via contaminated milk and dairy products. Infections caused by Mycobacterium avium complex can cause localized disease usually in patients with underlying lung disease as well as disseminated disease in individuals with immunosuppression or Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS). According to the World Health Organization, infections caused by mycobacteria will rise to 12 million cases annually by the year 2000.
Observation of Higgs boson decay to bottom quarks

The observation of the standard model (SM) Higgs boson decay to a pair of bottom quarks is presented. The main contribution to this result is from processes in which Higgs bosons are produced in association with a W or Z boson (VH), and are searched for in final states including 0, 1, or 2 charged leptons and two identified bottom quark jets. The results from the measurement of these processes in a data sample recorded by the CMS experiment in 2017, comprising 41.3 fb-1 of proton-proton collisions at s=13 TeV, are described. When combined with previous VH measurements using data collected at s=7, 8, and 13 TeV, an excess of events is observed at mH=125 GeV with a significance of 4.8 standard deviations, where the expectation for the SM Higgs boson is 4.9. The corresponding measured signal strength is 1.01±0.22. The combination of this result with searches by the CMS experiment for H→bb¯ in other production processes yields an observed (expected) significance of 5.6 (5.5) standard deviations and a signal strength of 1.04±0.20.
Sterol A-ring plasticity in hedgehog protein cholesterolysis supports a primitive substrate selectivity mechanism

Cholesterolysis of Hedgehog family proteins couples endoproteolysis to protein C-terminal sterylation. The transformation is self-catalyzed by HhC, a partially characterized enzymatic domain found in precursor forms of Hedgehog. Here we explore spatial ambiguity in sterol recognition by HhC, using a trio of derivatives where the sterol A-ring is contracted, fused, or distorted. Sterylation assays indicate that these geometric variants react as substrates with relative activity: cholesterol, 1.000 > A-ring contracted, 0.100 > A-ring fused, 0.020 > A-ring distorted, 0.005. Experimental results and computational sterol docking into the first HhC homology model suggest a partially unstructured binding site with substrate recognition governed in large part by hydrophobic interactions.
Living With a Smoker and General and Central Adiposity in Middle-Aged and Older Women.

Purpose:We hypothesized that living with a smoker would be positively associated with general and central adiposity among middle-aged and older women.Design:Prospective across up to 8 years.Setting...
Application of iPSC to Modelling of Respiratory Diseases

Respiratory disease is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality world-wide with an increasing incidence as the aged population prevails. Many lung diseases are treated for symptomatic relief, with no cure available, indicating a critical need for novel therapeutic strategies. Such advances are hampered by a lack of understanding of how human lung pathologies initiate and progress. Research on human lung disease relies on the isolation of primary cells from explanted lungs or the use of immortalized cells, both are limited in their capacity to represent the genomic and phenotypic variability among the population. In an era where we are progressing toward precision medicine the use of patient specific induced pluripotent cells (iPSC) to generate models, where sufficient primary cells and tissues are scarce, has increased our capacity to understand human lung pathophysiology. Directed differentiation of iPSC toward lung presented the initial challenge to overcome in generating iPSC-derived lung epithelial cells. Since then major advances have been made in defining protocols to specify and isolate specific lung lineages, with the generation of airway spheroids and multi cellular organoids now possible. This technological advance has opened up our capacity for human lung research and prospects for autologous cell therapy. This chapter will focus on the application of iPSC to studying human lung disease.
Impact of Perceived Peer Attitudes and Social Network Diversity on Violent Extremist Intentions

Perceived peer attitudes (PPA) often influence young men’s violent attitudes and behaviors, although people with higher social network diversity (SND) are less likely to adopt their close peers’ at...
Creating a culture of change

Sweeping in scope yet intimately compelling, Picture a Scientist tells the stories of three female scholars, revealing the systemic and structural nature of gender discrimination and harassment in academic science.
"It's a horrible assignment": A qualitative study of labor and delivery nurses' experience caring for patients undergoing labor induction for fetal anomalies or fetal demise.

Abstract Objectives This study sought to explore labor and delivery (L&D) nurses’ experiences caring for women undergoing induction for intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) or termination for fetal anomalies, and to characterize reluctance towards participation in abortion care or - conversely - the commitment to provide services. Study Design Researchers conducted a qualitative study that consisted of open-ended, semi-structured interviews with 15 registered nurses who care for women on L&D at a large metropolitan hospital. We analyzed these data for content and themes. Results Labor and delivery nurses struggle emotionally, logistically, and morally with bereavement care, whether their patients are experiencing an IUFD or termination for fetal anomalies. The analysis generated the following themes: the emotionally intense work of perinatal loss, feelings of incompetence in bereavement care, ethical conflicts, and judgment of both termination and IUFD patients. In addition, nurses who chose to provide care for patients undergoing induction termination for fetal anomalies described a duty to care for all patients despite the increased logistic and emotional burden. Conclusions Much of the discomfort L&D nurses reported caring for patients undergoing induction termination stems from the emotional toll, lack of skills, and bureaucratic burden of bereavement care rather than a moral objection to abortion. Instituting interventions to improve staffing, simplify paperwork, augment bereavement training, and improve support for the emotional burden of caring for these patients may therefore increase access to competent and compassionate abortion care. Implications Labor and delivery nurses struggle with bereavement care whether their patients are experiencing an IUFD or termination for fetal anomalies. Instituting interventions – like interdisciplinary simulation – to support nurses in bereavement care may increase the number willing to participate in abortion care, thereby improving patient access.
Tisagenlecleucel Therapy: Nursing Considerations for the Outpatient Setting.

Abstract Objective Tisagenlecleucel is a CD19-directed, genetically modified, autologous T-cell immunotherapy indicated for pediatric and young adult patients with relapsed/refractory B-cell precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia and for adult patients with relapsed/refractory diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Treatment with any chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy is a multistep process in which nurses and nurse practitioners are key to managing patient safety. Managing patients receiving CAR-T cell therapy in the outpatient setting (as Penn does with tisagenlecleucel and lisocabtagene maraleucel) requires an even more complex process. The objective of this manuscript is to provide guidance on the role of nurses in the outpatient administration of tisagenlecleucel therapy and postinfusion care in adult patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Oncology and apheresis nurses discuss institutional processes and perspectives related to the patient experience with tisagenlecleucel therapy at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania. Data Sources Author experience. Conclusion Nurses are vital for the success of the patient management processes involved with tisagenlecleucel therapy. Nurses must be thoroughly educated in tisagenlecleucel therapy and adverse event management and be able to effectively communicate all aspects of therapy among the multidisciplinary team of the hospital, the product manufacturer, and patients and families. Establishment of the nurse cellular therapy coordinator at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania was advantageous in facilitating effective communication in all these situations. Implications for Nursing This encompassing approach to patient management is particularly necessary during administration of tisagenlecleucel therapy and other CAR-T cell therapies that are managed in the outpatient setting.
Hormone excretion as a measurement of fetal growth and development.

A s T H E easily discernible causes of perinatal mortality are eliminated, the obscure factors assume relatively greater significance. One of the more important factors is poor fetal growth. There are great differences in the rate of fetal growth, the reasons for which are incompletely understood. Women who are delivered of small babies may furnish the fetus with inadequate nutrition, or provide an intrauterine milieu in which some other disturbance of fetal homeostasis retards growth. Maternal disease may not always be detected, but several pathologic conditions in the mother may nevertheless conduce to poor fetal growth. Chronic fetal distress has, in fact, been demonstrated in many of these conditions. Retardation of growth is most frequent and severe in twin pregnancy, and less so in fetuses from pregnancies complicated by hypertensi0n.i There are also changes in development and growth in the infants of diabetic mothers, presumably of endocrine origin. Abnormal patterns td growth are present also in Rh isoimmunization. Although many maternal abnormalities are detectable clinically, there is as yet no entirely satisfactory method by which fetal
Adaptive selection of access path and join method

An adaptive approach which utilizes the information embedded in indexes to identify the tuples satisfying a given predicate or having a match in a join operation is proposed. An access path (index or table scan) and a join method (index join, nested loop, sort-merge) are chosen to construct the results adaptively. This leads to the optimal evaluation of queries. With an efficient implementation, the adaptive decision process becomes a part of a query evaluation procedure, so that the overhead of the approach is minimized. >
Total potential energy of finite columns

The relation between enthalpy and total potential energy in a column of finite horizontal extent is investigated. The limitations of the quasistatic approximation are introduced a priori rather than a posteriori , i.e., cyclone-scale air masses are assumed to be in hydrostatic equilibrium, but any differential equation implying small-scale hydrostatic balance is deliberately avoided. It is found that the enthalpy and total potential energy are equal for columns over ocean, but in general, there is an orographic term which cannot be eliminated by redefining the zero-level of geopotential. There is also a term consequent of the departure from hydrostatic balance in the neighborhood of surface irregularities; this term is presumably negligible for columns of cyclone-scale lateral extent. DOI: 10.1111/j.2153-3490.1968.tb00407.x
Glucose and leucine uptake in the hypoglossal nucleus after hypoglossal nerve transection with and without prevented regeneration in the Sprague-Dawley rat

We studied [14C]2-deoxyglucose and [14C]leucine uptake in the rat hypoglossal nucleus after hypoglossal nerve transection and when regeneration was prevented by placing a nylon ligature around the nerve proximal to the cut. Glucose and leucine uptake increased after nerve transection in both the animals with nerve transection alone and with the ligature. Both the glucose and leucine uptake increased more in animals with the ligature. The glucose and leucine uptakes returned to normal at 30 and 45 days, respectively, after transection alone and at 60 days in animals in whom regeneration was prevented with a ligature. This suggests that there is a more powerful stimulus to regeneration when regeneration is prevented but that some mechanism turns the process off after a fixed time.
Biosynthesis of the Securinega alkaloids. Investigations of the early and late stages of the pathway

Abstract Feeding experiments with Securinega suffruticosa have established that tyrosine is a specific precursor of the alkaloid securinine. Additional experiments show that tyrosine is incorporated into securinine with loss of the 3- pro -S hydrogen atom of the amino acid and that neither 4′-hydroxy-2-phenylethanol nor 4′-hydroxyphenylacetic acid serves as a securinine precursor. Investigation of the metabolic relationship between securinine and dihydrosecurinine has shown that the former alkaloid is the precursor of the latter.