cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Gauging aromatic conjugation and charge delocalization in the aryl silanes PhnSiH4-n (n = 0-4), with silicon K-edge XAS and TDDFT.

Si K-edge X-ray absorption spectra (XAS) have been measured experimentally and calculated using time-dependent density functional theory (TDDFT) to investigate electronic structure in aryl silanes, PhnSiH4−n (n = 0–4). Adding aryl groups to SiH4 splits the Si–H σ-antibonding orbitals into new orbitals with Si–Ph π-bonding (πb) and π-antibonding (π*) character. Greater aryl substitution is reflected by increasingly intense Si 1s → πb and Si 1s → π* transitions, and weaker transitions into the Si–H and Si–C σ* orbitals. These observations are consistent with known trends in the hydride donor ability of aryl silanes, which is driven in part by the composition of the LUMOs and the accessibility of pathways for electron delocalization through aromatic conjugation. Methodology developed for liquid-phase Si K-edge XAS measurements on PhSiH3 and Ph2SiH2 will enable dynamic studies of chemical transformations involving silicon-containing catalysts, intermediates, and substrates.
Understanding the Early Stages of Nickel Sulfide Nanocluster Growth: Isolation of Ni 3 , Ni 4 , Ni 5 , and Ni 8 Intermediates

Addition of sub-stoichiometric quantities of PEt3 and diphenyl disulfide to a solution of [Ni(1,5-cod)2 ] generates a mixture of [Ni3 (SPh)4 (PEt3 )3 ] (1), unreacted [Ni(1,5-cod)2 ], and [(1,5-cod)Ni(PEt3 )2 ], according to 1 H and 31 P{1 H} NMR spectroscopic monitoring of the in situ reaction mixture. On standing, complex 1 converts into [Ni4 (S)(Ph)(SPh)3 (PEt3 )3 ] (2), via formal addition of a "Ni(0)" equivalent, coupled with a CS oxidative addition step, which simultaneously generates the Ni-bound phenyl ligand and the μ3 -sulfide ligand. Upon gentle heating, complex 2 converts into a mixture of [Ni5 (S)2 (SPh)2 (PEt3 )5 ] (3) and [Ni8 (S)5 (PEt3 )7 ] (4), via further addition of "Ni(0)" equivalents, in combination with a series of C-S oxidative addition and CC reductive elimination steps, which serve to convert thiophenolate ligands into sulfide ligands and biphenyl. The presence of 1-4 in the reaction mixture is confirmed by their independent syntheses and subsequent spectroscopic characterization. Overall, this work provides an unprecedented level of detail of the early stages of Ni nanocluster growth and highlights the fundamental reaction steps (i.e., metal atom addition, CS oxidative addition, and CC reductive elimination) that are required to grow an individual cluster.
Cerebrovascular complications and vasculopathy in patients with herpes simplex virus central nervous system infection.

Abstract Objective Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) are neurotropic and known to cause central nervous system (CNS) infections. We aimed to describe the clinical and imaging features of cerebrovascular complications in patients with HSV CNS infections. Methods We reviewed records of patients with HSV infections by querying acyclovir use in a clinical registry of parenteral anti-infective therapy at a tertiary medical center from January 2010 until September 2018. One patient who met the inclusion criteria is subsequently added. Diagnostic criteria for HSV CNS infection were intrathecal presence of viral DNA with clinical signs of CNS involvement. Results Of 36 patients who met the criteria for HSV CNS infections, cerebrovascular complications occurred in 6 patients (17%). Two patients with HSV-1 encephalitis had cerebrovascular complications (1 ischemic stroke, 1 intraparenchymal hemorrhage). Four patients had HSV-2 infection without encephalitis had cerebrovascular complications (3 ischemic strokes, 1 cerebral vein thrombosis). All 3 patients with ischemic strokes without encephalitis had pattern of vasculitis on vessel imaging on MRI with segmental narrowing and vessel wall irregularities of large intracranial arteries with circumferential wall enhancement. Conclusion Cerebrovascular complications of HSV can occur with encephalitis or as isolated events with vasculitis.
Bank failures and fiscal austerity: policy prescriptions for a developing country

Abstract This work employs a dynamic general equilibrium model to evaluate the causes and implications of bank insolvencies. We apply the model to stylized data from Bangladesh, a country whose banking system is currently suffering from large stocks of non-performing assets. The model is used to derive positive conclusions about alternative policy instruments designed to alleviate the impact of these insolvencies. A benchmark case is simulated using historical exogenous parameters. We then generate a bank failure by assuming that firms cannot service their debt if their interest obligations rise above their anticipated return on capital. The public withdraws deposits from the banking system in reaction to worries about defaulting bank assets. If banks optimize by restricting credit to risky borrowers, these failures can be partially avoided. Such bank behavior is often prohibited in developing countries, so we investigate an active monetary policy that compensates banks for withdrawn deposits. The resulting outcome indicates that such a policy can slow the pace of bank failures, although at the cost of certain macro imbalances. Our final simulation imposes a reduction in public spending in order to tighten fiscal policy and thereby reduce budgetary pressure. The resulting decline in interest rates eliminates all investor defaults and bank failures. We conclude that the combination of compensating monetary policy and restrictive fiscal policy may offer the best way of responding to a bank crisis.
Long-term analysis of pertussis vaccine immunity uncovers a memory B cell response to whole cell pertussis immunization that is absent from acellular immunized mice

Over two decades ago acellular pertussis vaccines (aP) replaced whole cell pertussis vaccines (wP) in several countries. Since then, a resurgence in pertussis has been observed, which is hypothesized to be linked to waning immunity. To better understand why waning immunity occurs, we developed a long-term outbred CD1 mouse model to conduct the longest murine pertussis vaccine studies to date, spanning out to 532 days post primary immunization. Vaccine-induced memory results from follicular responses and germinal center formation; therefore, cell populations and cytokines involved with memory were measured alongside protection from challenge. Both aP and wP immunization elicit protection from intranasal challenge and generation of pertussis specific antibody responses in mice. Responses to wP vaccination were characterized by a significant increase in T follicular helper cells in the draining lymph nodes and CXCL13 levels in sera compared to aP mice. In addition, a population of B. pertussis + memory B cells was found to be unique to wP vaccinated mice. This population peaked post-boost, and was measurable out to day 365 post-vaccination. Anti- B. pertussis and anti-pertussis toxoid antibody secreting cells increased one day after boost and remained high at day 532. The data suggest that follicular responses, and in particular CXCL13 levels in sera, should be monitored in pre-clinical and clinical studies for the development of the next-generation pertussis vaccines.
A Theory for Heterogeneous Flow of Solids in Pipes

A theory for the flow of heterogeneous mixtures (particulate solids which settle in the fluid carrier) is derived assuming that the existence of bed deposits is the principal cause of the observed differences in the flow characteristics between heterogeneous-mixture flow and single-phase fluid flow. The theoretical solution is in qualitative agreement with observed flow characteristics. The theory is indicative that head loss varies nonlinearly with concentration and substantiates the plausibility that (a) higher head losses with heterogeneous mixtures than with single-phase fluid flow are the result of bed deposits and (b) the minimum head loss on a constant-concentration curve is the result of a finite bed deposit rather than the common assumption of incipient deposition.
The Effects of Concerted Cultivation on Academic Achievement

THE EFFECT OF CONCERTED CULLTIVATION ON ACADEMIC ACHIEVEMENT By Jeremy Redford, Master of Science. A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science at Virginia Commonwealth University. Virginia Commonwealth University, 2007. Major Director: Dr. Jennifer Johnson Associate Professor, Department of Sociology Anne Lareau (2003) argues that parents’ child-rearing practices have a profound effect on academic and later occupational success for children, even holding constant such important factors as gender, race and school effects. She says that social class impacts these child-rearing practices and that middle-class families use a specific type of practice called concerted cultivation. Concerted cultivation involves parents organizing children’s daily activities, using reasoning skills in talking with children, and teaching them how to interact with the institutions around them. Using the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS) of 1988, the current study tests the theoretical validity of concerted cultivation. Results show that concerted cultivation significantly predicts both student
Helix hand fidelity in Bacillus subtilis macrofibers after spheroplast regeneration.

Abstract Left- and right-handed Bacillus subtilis macrofibers produced by strains FJ7 and C6D were converted to spheroplasts. Intact cells were regenerated and macrofibers were produced under conditions conducive for production of left- and right-handed structures. The resulting helix hand phenotypes always corresponded to those expected on the basis of the parental genotype.
Integrating the theory of multiple intelligences in the chemical equilibrium course to improve student's learning achievements

The purpose of this study is to set up a learning environment which is based on the multiple intelligences (MI) theory applied to the Internet. We try to find out the best suitable design style Web title for the students. Students of this experiment are divided into two groups of learning environments, i.e. the multiple intelligences learning Web title and general learning Web title. The student's cognitive style and multiple intelligences are identified by the questionnaires. The ACS test and SPSS are needed as research tools, to analyze the data obtained respectively. After analyzed the all factors, we find out the MI Web-based learning has the very positive effect on overall students especially on: field-independent students, and who just only have the naturalist or not only have one more intelligences simultaneously shown better achievements in the MI learning environment.
Autism as early expression of catatonia.

Summary Background: Reports indicate that catatonia often occurs in autism. The association lacks a conceptual basis. Modern classificatory schemes define autism and catatonia separately and are not conducive to study areas of overlap. The exploration of the relation between autism and catatonia may be important because autism is increasingly recognized but effective treatments are lacking. Catatonia, on the other hand, is thought to be treatable, but is poorly recognized. Material/Methods: The literature on autism and catatonia are reviewed to identify areas of overlap. A hypothesis is formulated that, in some cases, autism may the early expression of catatonia. Results: Several areas of overlap between autism and catatonia are found. Catatonic symptoms are common in autism. Effects of anti-catatonic treatments on autistic symptoms are unknown. Abnormal gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) function has been implicated in both disorders. Neuroimaging studies show small cerebellar structures in both disorders. There is genetic evidence that susceptibility genes for autism and catatonia are located on the long arm of chromosome 15. Differences between autism and catatonia of age-of-onset, symptoms, and illness course, do not exclude a common genetic etiology. Conclusions: Focused research is needed to further evaluate the phenomenological, biological, and genetic overlap between autism and catatonia and to test the hypothesis that a subgroup of autism is early-onset catatonia.
Space, Sovereignty, Inequality: Interpreting the Explosion of Brazil's VLS Rocket

Resumen Esse artigo explora narrativas produzidas a partir da explosao do foguete de lancamento de satelites (VLS) em 2003. A explosao causou a morte de 21 tecnicos, mas, segundo alguns criticos, nunca foi devidamente explicada. Examino narrativas divergentes sobre a explosao que circulam entre grupos envolvidos, e analiso tres representacoes de progresso e de desenvolvimento nacional implicitos: o nacionalista, o neoliberal, e o redistributivo. A importância do lancamento de satelites para o programa espacial brasileiro, as terriveis consequencias da explosao, a obscuridade em torno das causas do evento, e a incerteza que marcou a investigacao, fizeram do evento uma potente metonimia para as ideias de diferentes grupos sobre o Estado-nacao brasileiro, e suas futuros desejaveis e possiveis. Este trabalho tambem defende a importância da pesquisa etnografica sobre a distribuicao e os conflitos sobre a tecnociencia, um ponto de inquerito importante para compreender a politica da desigualdade global e de futuros imaginados.
Columbus in Myth and History

Summary Revisionist critics, in attempting to rewrite the history of the Spanish conquest of the Americas, have portrayed Christopher Columbus as egotistical, inept, brutal, and even sadistic. Many traditional treatments, on (he other hand, have tended to glorify Columbus, portraying him as an unblemished hero. This essay examines both of these interpretations, contrasting them with the primary sources on which they are supposed to be based. The results show that neither view is supported by the documentary evidence, and reveal numerous instances of simplifications, errors, and misrepresentations. It is argued that the purpose of historical inquiry is to understand what has gone before, not to search for evidence in support of political or social ideology.
The role of natural class features in the acquisition of phonotactic regularities.

Previous research has shown that phonotactic regularities can be acquired through recent production or auditory experience (e.g., Dell et al., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 26(6), 1355–1367, 2000; Onishi et al., Cognition, 83(1), B13–B23, 2002). However, little is known about the role of phonological natural classes in this learning process. This study addressed this question by investigating the acquisition of a contingency relationship between onsets and medial glides by Mandarin speakers. The experiments involved the manipulation of three types of phonotactic regularities. In the Laryngeal version, onsets that preceded the same glide shared a voicing feature. In the Place version, onsets that preceded same glide shared a place feature. In the Neither version, onsets associated with the same glide shared neither a voicing feature nor a place feature. Results showed the Place version and the Laryngeal version were more easily acquired than the Neither version in terms of the amount of exposure needed to acquire the experimentally manipulated phonotactic schema and the sustainability of the acquired schema. The results suggest that the statistical learning mechanism that guides our processing of speech input prefers phonological regularities that follow certain natural class features. This preference may account for the way natural languages are structured phonologically.
When is local the best paradigm? Breeding history influences conservation reintroduction survival and population trajectories in times of extreme climate events

Abstract Creating self-sustaining populations resilient to stochastic events is the goal of conservation reintroductions. Concern about disrupting locally co-adapted gene complexes, outbreeding depression, and hybridization has led to a “local is best paradigm” for source selection, yet this policy constrains rare plant reintroduction efforts and may not always best conserve rare species. Using progeny from controlled crosses (control, selfed, near neighbor, far neighbor and between sites) with maternal plants from two sites, we tested survival and population trajectories of US endangered Jacquemontia reclinata reintroduced in 2004 and 2005 to three sites. By 2011, survival and recruitment was greatest for mixed-population progeny, was consistent across years, and became most apparent after extreme climate events (hurricanes, drought, and exceptional cold). Populations founded from mixed sources exhibited greater resilience to stochastic disturbances than those from a single source and had positive projected population growth at two of three sites. Recipient sites most proximal to maternal origin were not those with best survival. Maximizing reintroduced population persistence calls for re-examining paradigms, using decision trees and reintroduction guidelines to guide source selection choices. The local is best paradigm may be dooming many reintroductions to failure.
HOST‐PLANT RELATIONSHIPS IN THE PAPILIONIDAE (LEPIDOPTERA): PARALLEL CLADOGENESIS OR COLONIZATION?

— Stepwise coevolution, as defined by Ehrlich and Raven (1964) and others, can be equated with parallel cladogenesis or association by descent (Mitter and Brooks, 1983). I review the insect/plant literature and discuss recent cladistic findings for the Papilionidae, and compare two contrasting theories: 1) that insect/host associations have evolved through parallel cladogenesis; or 2) that insects have ‘colonized’ their hosts subsequent to plant cladogenesis. I conclude that no documented examples of parallel cladogenesis between insects and plants are known. The swallowtail cladograms instead offer evidence in support of the second theory. They suggest that host association patterns in the Papilionidae have resulted from repeated colonization of plants belonging to a relatively small number of families. I discuss data which indicate that plant secondary chemicals have been important ‘barriers’ to colonization (sensu Ehrlich and Raven, 1964), and have in large part mediated host switching in the Papilionidae.
Planar ultra-wideband feeding scheme for tapered slot antennas utilising external 180/spl deg/ hybrids

The bandwidth of tapered slot antennas (TSAs) is usually limited by the bandwidth of the feed used and typically does not exceed a few octaves, even though the TSA itself possibly can operate at a wider frequency range. Presented, and discussed, is a planar TSA feeding scheme that makes use of an external 180° hybrid. Design guidelines and analytical formulas are presented for this hybrid connection scheme.
The longevity of direct and indirect posterior restorations is uncertain and may be affected by a number of dentist-, patient-, and material-related factors.

Article Title and Bibliographic Information Buonocore Memorial Lecture. Review of the clinical survival of direct and indirect restorations in posterior teeth of the permanent dentition. Manhart J, Chen H, Hamm G, Hickel R. Oper Dent 2004:29:481-508. Reviewer Gary R. Goldstein, DDS Purpose/Question What is the clinical longevity of stress-bearing dental restorations in permanent posterior teeth? Source of Funding Information not available. Type of Study/Design Comprehensive literature review. Level of Evidence Level 3: Other evidence Strength of Recommendation Grade Grade C: Consensus, disease-oriented evidence, usual practice, expert opinion, or case series for studies of diagnosis, treatment, prevention, or screening.
Sobriety and Ecstasy: Ritual Dimensions in Dorsey’s Gospel Blues

Gospel music changed the practical consciousness of both old-line and folk religion. The traditions of ecstasy and congregational participation of the agrarian southern folk tradition and the ascetic reserve of urban industrial main-line churches shaped a hybrid grammar for expressing the sacred. The creation of specialized roles brought about by the division of labor associated with producing the gospel sound, combined with changes in the orientation of experiential structures, forged new standards of authenticity and created a structure for experiencing the sacred that, within the context of performance, reconciled the tension between mystical ecstasy and ascetic sobriety.
Contaminants in fish from Great Lakes Harbors and Tributary mouths

Composite fish samples collected from Great Lakes Harbors and Tributaries between 1980 and 1981 were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for a wide range of pesticides and priority pollutants. Severe polychlorobiphenyl (PCBs) contamination was observed in Sheboygan River fish with moderate to severe PCB contamination in samples from the Milwaukee, Kinnickinnic, Fox, and Ashtabula Rivers. The Ashtabula River samples also contained several chlorinated aromatic and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons were detected in fish from the Black, Kinnickinnic and Menominnee Rivers, while a number of benzene derivatives were observed in samples from the Fox and Wolf Rivers.
Optical Studies of Polyanilines: Effects of Alkyl Ring-Substitution and Solvent Environment

Methyl and ethyl ring-substituted polyaniline derivatives have been synthesized and characterized by UV-visible-near IR spectroscopy. Optical spectra of the base forms in DMF solution suggest that the torsion angle between adjacent rings is increased by steric hindrance due to the alkyl groups in the substituted polymers, leading to blue shifts in the ∼4 eV (“bandgap”) and ∼2 eV (“exciton”) absorptions and an accompanying decrease in the relative intensity of the “exciton” band. The methyl ring-substituted derivative, poly(o-toluidine), is shown to exhibit solvatochromism. The “exciton” absorption shifts from 2.03 eV in pure NMP to 2.19 eV in CH 2 CI 2 , accompanied by a loss in intensity relative to the “exciton” absorption.The phenomenon is attributed to the presence of a more “rod-like” state in NMP as compared to a more “coil-like” state in CH 2 CI 2 . The effects of alkyl substituents on acetic acid solution spectra of “emeraldine” salt will be discussed with respect to polaron band formation in these systems.
Male and Female Drug Abusers: Social and Psychological Status 2 Years after Treatment in a Therapeutic Community

A sample of male (N = 214) and female (N = 74) dropouts and graduates from the 1974 population in Phoenix House were followed 2 years after treatment. The sample was mainly opioid abusers, Black, and 19-26 years of age. A 4-h face-to-face interview traced social adjustment from 1 year pre- through all years posttreatment. Clients were retested with a psychological battery initially given at admission or during treatment. Results showed that success (no crime and no opioid use and/or no use of a nonopioid primary drug) was maintained throughout 2 years of follow-up by 38% of the males (dropouts 32.9%, graduates, 73.9%) and 42% of the females (dropouts 40.7%, graduates 50.0%); improvement (change from pretreatment status) occurred in over 59% of the males and 60% of the females; success and improvement increased by time in program for both sexes; psychological improvement during treatment and at follow-up was correlated with posttreatment success status: Among successes, the female improvement was significa...
Patterns of energy substrate utilization in overwintering painted turtles, Chrysemys picta

Abstract The amounts of energy liberating substrates in muscle, heart, liver and total carcass were determined in painted turtles just prior to (early October) and upon arousal from (late March) hibernation. Between the fall and spring samples, total carcass neutral lipids, protein and glycogen were depleted 37.8%, 11.0% and 70.2%, respectively. Total carcass lactate increased 551% in post-hibernatory turtles suggesting an important role for anaerobic glycolysis in producing energy during periods of anoxia. Females used more energy than males; however, the pattern of substrate utilization was similar in both sexes with lipid, protein and glycogen providing 56%, 27% and 17% of the energy, respectively.
The organizing functions of dreaming: Pivotal issues in understanding and working with dreams

Abstract Although contemporary dream models differ, the view of dreams as centrally organizing information and regulating affect in keeping with shifting needs and motivational priorities is an increasingly convergent perspective evolving out of dream and neuroscientific research, contemporary psychoanalytic theory, cognitive psychology, and clinical work. The author's organization model of dreams is presented as a representative of our contemporary understanding of dreams. Pivotal issues concerning understanding and working with dreams are delineated, followed by a detailed clinical illustration.
Behavioral control of abnormal breathing in sleep.

Behavioral control of abnormal breathing in sleep was studied to determine if an intervention procedure could reduce apnea duration and also SaO2(blood oxygen) desaturation levels. Sleep apnea patients (n=11) were instructed while awake that tones would be presented in sleep whenever an apnea event occurred. They were told to breathe deeply to the tones and were given practice in doing so. Intervention and nonintervention hours alternated across 2 nights following 2 baseline nights. As expected, during the intervention hours, the duration but not the frequency of apneic events was reduced. The procedure also resulted in higher SaO2levels during the intervention hours. Daytime sleepiness was not greater following intervention but sleep staging effects were observed. The results are sufficiently promising to warrant additional research.
Phase relations in the system NaCl-KCl-H2O: V. Thermodynamic-PTX analysis of solid-liquid equilibria at high temperatures and pressures

Abstract The Gibbs energies of mixing for NaCl-KCl binary solids and liquids and solid-saturated NaCl-KCl-H 2 O ternary liquids were modeled using asymmetric Margules treatments. The coefficients of the expressions were calibrated using an extensive array of binary solvus and solidus data, and both binary and ternary liquidus data. Over the PTX range considered, the system exhibits complete liquid miscibility among all three components and extensive solid solution along the anhydrous binary. Solid-liquid and solid-solid phase equilibria were calculated by using the resulting equations and invoking the equality of chemical potentials of NaCl and KCl between appropriate phases at equilibrium. The equations reproduce the ternary liquidus and predict activity coefficients for NaCl and KCl components in the aqueous liquid under solid-saturation conditions between 673 and 1200 K from vapor saturation up to 5 kbar. In the NaCl-KCl anhydrous binary system, the equations describe phase equilibria and predict activity coefficients of the salt components for all stable compositions of solid and liquid phases between room temperature and 1200 K and from 1 bar to 5 kbar.
Does Being Morally Responsible Depend on the Ability to Hold Morally Responsible

Michael McKenna�s Conversation and Responsibility is a genuine tour de force: a richly detailed, sustained argument for an innovative theory about the nature of moral responsibility, one that offers multiple layers of theoretical architectonic. Its depth repays equally deep examination, and I have learned a great deal from reading and thinking about it. Any philosopher seeking a rigorous yet generous introduction to the state of contemporary discussion on moral responsibility could hardly do better than to read this book. It is true that I am not yet persuaded by McKenna�s central thesis that the most illuminating way to understand moral responsibility is to view it as a type of interpersonal conversation. And I am dubious that his strategy of accounting for the �fittingness� of blaming responses in terms of the �intelligibility� of such responses as part of a conversation can really be made to pan out. Nonetheless I greatly appreciated a great number of the positions and proposals mad ...
Congenital Aortico-Left Atrial Tunnel

A newborn baby with heart failure had ventricular septal defect and aorto-left atrial communication. Aortography demonstrated a large funnel-shaped vessel originating from a dilated left aortic sinus and opening into the base of the left atrial appendage. Open heart surgery was unsuccessful. Histological examination (750 serial sections) of the vessel including the adjoining aorta and left atrial appendage showed no evidence of coronary artery structures. To our knowledge, this represents the first case of congenital aortico-left atrial tunnel.
GERD worsens sleep related quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea

Purpose: Patients with obstructive sleep apnea have significant reductions in the quality of their life due to the poor quality of sleep. We have shown previously that GERD may increase nocturnal arousal in some patients causing fragmentation of sleep. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of GERD on sleep related quality of life in patients with obstructive sleep apnea.
In-pile irradiation induced defects and the effect on thermal diffusivity of MgO

Abstract The effects of neutron irradiation temperature and dose on thermal diffusivity are investigated by comparing non-irradiated and in-pile irradiated MgO samples. MgO pellets were irradiated in-pile of the Advanced Test Reactor at Idaho National Laboratory. Samples were irradiated at 623 and 973 K to fast neutron fluences of ∼1 × 1025 (1.5 dpa) and ∼2 × 1025 n/m2 (3 dpa). Post irradiation examination included X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, laser flash thermal diffusivity, and transmission electron microscopy. Neutron irradiation of MgO causes a significant reduction in the thermal diffusivity (46%–72% at room temperature) due to irradiation-induced defects. The radiation induced thermophysical and structural evolution of MgO is reported.
Pulmonary Pathology in Lambs with Hyaline Membrane Disease Ventilated with Air and 100% O 2

Pulmonary Pathology in Lambs with Hyaline Membrane Disease Ventilated with Air and 100% O 2
Particle interactions in low knudsen number thermophoresis

Abstract A continuum-slip analysis of particle interactions in thermophoretic flows is presented. Two particle, as well as particle-wall, interactions are studied. Of particular interest is the hydrodynamic behavior of an aerosol particle undergoing thermal deposition. Corrections to the steady thermophoretic force and the corresponding velocity of a particle in an unbounded fluid are presented for several separation distances and various values of the important dimensionless parameters.
Establishing standard performance measures for adult stroke patients: a nationwide inpatient sample database study.

Background The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality patient safety indicators (PSIs) and the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services hospital-acquired conditions (HACs) are used to evaluate the safety and quality of health care provided by health care systems and individual facilities. To understand better the incidence of PSIs and HACs in hospitalized patients with stroke, we determined the rates of these events among patients with a diagnosis of stroke in the Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database. Methods We queried the NIS for all hospitalizations involving ischemic stroke. We determined the incidence of various PSIs and HACs by searching the hospital records for International Classification of Diseases, 9th edition, codes indicating each PSI or HAC. Statistical analysis was performed with SAS statistical software package. Results There were 903,647 hospitalizations involving stroke in the NIS database for years 2002–2010. Among these hospitalizations, 137,161 (15.2%) patients experienced ≥1 Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality PSIs. The most common PSIs included postoperative respiratory failure (9.44%), sepsis (4.43%), and pressure ulcer (2.19%). Of stroke patients, 28,323 (3.13%) experienced ≥1 HACs. The most common HACs included falls and trauma (2.51%) and stage III and IV pressure ulcers (0.43%). Increasing comorbidity score (P ≤ 0.001) was associated with increased likelihood of all PSIs and HACs. The presence of PSIs or HACs resulted in increased length of stay, increased hospital charges, and an increase in mortality rates (P Conclusions Our results estimate baseline national incidence rates of PSIs and HACs in patients with stroke. These data may be used to determine individual institutional improvements or success by comparison.
SU-DD-A4-04: Registration of Prostate MRI/MRSI and CT Studies Using the Narrow Band Approach

Purpose: High‐field MR techniques makes possible to obtain high quality MRI metabolic images of the prostate to accurately identify the intra‐prostatic lesion(s). However, the use of rigid endorectal probe deforms the shape of the prostate gland and the images so obtained are not directly usable in radiation therapy planning. This work applies a narrow band deformable registration model to faithfully map the MRI information onto treatment planningCTimages.Method and Materials: The narrow band is a hybrid method combining the advantages of pixel‐based and distance‐based registration techniques, since the calculation is restricted to those points contained in a region around user‐delineated structures. The narrow band method is inherently efficient because of the use of a priori information of the meaningful contour data. The deformable mapping is described by the B‐spline model. The limited memory algorithm (L‐BFGS) was implemented to optimize a normalized cross correlation metric function. It's convergence behavior was studied by comparing final metrics obtained in 100 registrations self‐registering an MR image starting from 100 randomly initiated positions. The spatial performance of the algorithm was assessed by intentionally distorting an MRIimage and an attempt was then made to register the distorted image with the original one. The MRI‐CT mapping was carried out for two clinical cases. Results: The convergence analysis showed absence of local minima. The technique can restore an MR image from the intentionally introduced deformations with an accuracy of ∼2 mm. On clinical cases the method was capable of producing clinically sensible mapping. The whole registration procedure for a complete 3D study took less than 15 minutes on a standard PC. Conclusion: Both hypothetical tests and patient studies have indicated that narrow‐band based registration is reliable and provides a valuable tool to integrate the ER‐based MRI/MRSI information to guide prostate radiation therapy treatment.
Empirical evaluation of two-sample statistical tests for differences of stepping phase during insect walking.

In order to determine which statistical tests can validly be applied to data that describe a temporal relationship between two or more repetitive movements by an animal, we evaluated empirically seven two-sample tests that seemed potentially useful: Student's t test, the Watson Williams test for means, the variance-ratio F test, the Watson Williams test for the concentration parameter k, the Wallraff test, the Mann Whitney test and the Watson U2 test. Evaluations were carried out on the timing (phases) of bursts of muscular activity in one leg relative to those in another during free walking in cockroaches. Each statistical test was evaluated by dividing randomly a single parent set of data into two subsets, each subset containing about half the original data set. This division was repeated 400 times, thus generating 400 different pairs of subsets. Each statistical test was used separately on the pairs of subsets to test the null hypothesis that the two samples of each pair came from the same population;; this procedure generated 400 statistics for each test, one for each pair of subsets. An estimate of the reliability of each statistical test was obtained by comparing the number of times the test actually indicated a significant difference between subsets to the number of times it might be expected to do so out (20 out of 400 when tested at the 5% level of significance). This procedure was repeated on ten different sets of data. The outcome of the evaluation suggested that, from an empirical point of view, Student's t, the Mann Whitney, the Wallraff and the Watson U2 tests may be useful in assessing differences among the data we analyzed. The variance-ratio F test and the Watson Williams test for the concentration parameter k were clearly not usable. The Watson Williams test for means might be useful in some circumstances. Performing an arcsine transformation of the data did not significantly alter these results. Possible causes of the inapplicability of some of these tests to phase data are discussed.
Selection of a Suitable Physical Form and Development of a Crystallization Process for a PDE10A Inhibitor Exhibiting Enantiotropic Polymorphism

AMG 579 (1) is a potent and selective phosphodiesterase 10 (PDE10A) inhibitor selected for clinical development for the treatment of schizophrenia. Extensive polymorph and salt screening identified two free-base anhydrous polymorphs (Form 1 and Form 2) that are viable for further development. Crystal structures of these two polymorphs were determined by single-crystal X-ray study. Form 1 and Form 2 are enantiotropically related with the transition temperature between 190 and 210 °C. After full characterization, quality attributes were evaluated, and Form 2, the thermodynamically more stable form at room temperature, was selected for clinical development. A crystallization process for Form 2 was developed, and in situ Raman spectroscopy was used as a PAT tool to monitor and control the physical form. Use of this integrated control strategy allowed access to multikilogram quantities of AMG 579 in the desired form.
Automatic generation of GRBF networks using the integral wavelet transform

Learning can often be viewed as the problem of mapping from an input space to an output space. Examples of these mappings are used to construct a continuous function that approximates given data and generalizes for intermediate instances. Generalized Radial Basis Function (GRBF) networks are used to formulate this approximating function. A novel method is introduced that uses the Integrated Wavelet Transform to construct an optimal GRBF network for a given mapping and error bound. Simple 1D examples are used to demonstrate how the optimal network is superior to one constructed using standard ad hoc optimization techniques. The paper concludes with an application of optimal GRBF networks to a multidimensional problem (15 - 20 dimensions), real-time object recognition and pose estimation. The results of this application are favorable and the optimal GRBF network outperforms a GRBF network constructed using a traditional method.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Applicability of the Southwell Plot to the Interpretation of Test Data From Instability Studies of Shell Bodies

Abstract : The report demonstrates, from experimental studies, the classic critical loads computed from small displacement theory for perfect shells under ideal loading conditions. The method used is an implicit rather than an explicit one and makes use of the fact that for a realistic structure, the elastic deformation can be associated with the initial displacement from ideal form, the load which produces the motion, and the classic load for the structure.
Neutron scattering from Os isotopes at 60 keV and Re-Os nucleochronology

Neutron elastic and inelastic scattering cross sections have been measured for 60.5 keV neutrons incident on /sup 187,188/Os. For /sup 187/Os the cross section for elastic scattering is 11 b and for inelastic scattering to the 9.75-keV level it is 1.13 b. These results and other scattering properties are represented in phase shift and scattering potential analyses, which then allow the prediction of neutron capture by /sup 187/Os nuclei in the 9.75-keV and ground levels. Capture rates thus provided are used in the Re-Os nucleochronology, and lead to a long galactic age, about 18 to 20 Gyr.
Business opportunity and food education in Japan

Purpose – This qualitative research aims to examine through their voices, why Japanese teachers who invited corporate lessons into their classrooms first became involved with business people and how their perceptions towards business may have changed. Design/methodology/approach – Out of 275 food companies in Japan, three leading companies were selected as cases. Their corporate websites were examined to identify the participating public schools and the teachers who had been recruited to evaluate their experiences with corporate programs. Findings – Teachers learned about corporate programs through governmental sources and direct mailings from the companies. They were motivated to use corporate lessons because of food education, creative experience-based activity, and a newly created school subject termed “integrated study”, which became a great receptor for corporate programs. This study suggested that corporate lessons positively changed the perceptions of teachers toward the business community. Researc...
Superheated liquids containing suspended particles

THE superheat temperature limits of particle-free liquids have been previously investigated, notable by Skripov1, Blander et al.2, Apfel3 and Porteous4. Examinations of the homogeneous nucleation of liquid pentane have found the experimental limit of superheat temperature to be 146.5°C, which agrees well with the theoretical limit of superheat of 147.7°C calculated by Blander et al.2 using the theories of Doring5, Volmer6 and Kagan7. Studies of superheating pure liquids have stressed the importance of keeping the liquid phase scrupulously clean and noted that the presence of ‘motes’ and particles interfered with obtaining experimentally consistent results because these served as nucleation centres; however, we know of no previous explicit study on the effects of suspended particles. We now report that liquid pentane and pentane/chloroform mixtures containing suspended solid hydrophobic and hydrophilic particles (carbon black, alumina, sericite) have been superheated as high as 110°C above their normal boiling points, and to within 3°C of the theoretical homogeneous limit of superheat of the particle-free liquid. This is the highest degree of superheat ever reported for liquids in the presence of solids other than smooth glass capillaries.
Large format retailing in the US: a consumer experience perspective

Abstract Proponents of relationship marketing seek to develop and maintain long-term ties to their customers in the hope of having a loyal customer base. In this paper we examined large format retailing from the perspective of consumers’ experiences in these stores. Focus group interviews were conducted in two major US metropolitan areas and one medium size market. After analyzing the focus group content, several themes emerged related to patronage of large format retailers. These included the accuracy of prices when products were scanned and loyalty to store personnel based on familiarity. Large format supercenters were especially chided for their bigness and potential negative impact on smaller retailers. Attending to the details of the food retail business (accurate pricing, product availability, continuity of personnel) are ways in which consumers’ experiences in retail stores might be improved. Numerous choices and a diverse array of retail formats are available to consumers in the US market. Managerial implications are discussed in the light of a changing retail landscape.
The use of videotape recordings in the analysis of student teaching performance

(1971). The use of videotape recordings in the analysis of student teaching performance. The Teacher Educator: Vol. 7, No. 1, pp. 12-16.
Gallium hole traps in irradiated KTiOPO4:Ga crystals

Nominally pure and gallium doped single crystals of potassium titanyl phosphate (KTiOPO4) have been studied by Electron Paramagnetic Resonance at low temperatures before and after irradiation. Irradiation with 20 MeV electrons performed at room temperature and liquid nitrogen temperature caused an appearance of electrons and holes. Gallium impurities act as hole traps in KTiOPO4 creating Ga4+ centers. Two different Ga4+ centers were observed, Ga1 and Ga2. The Ga1 centers are dominant in Ga-doped samples. For the Ga1 center, a superhyperfine structure with one nucleus with nuclear spin ½ was registered and attributed to the interaction of gallium electrons with a phosphorus nucleus or proton in its surrounding. In both Ga1 and Ga2 centers, Ga4+ ions substitute for Ti4+ ions, but with a preference to one of two electrically distinct crystallographic positions (site selective substitution). The Ga doping eliminates one of the shortcomings of KTP crystals—ionic conductivity of bulk crystals. However, this doe...
Design and calibration of a total-body counting system for measuring radioactivity in beagles.

Abstract A positioner for holding dogs during total-body counting was designed. It was constructed so that when an animal is placed on his back, his midline is curved into a 33-cm radius arc, which approximates an isoresponse line for a 20 × 10 cm NaI (Tl) crystal positioned with its face at the center of curvature for this arc. Unlike other counting systems, the response is relatively independent of the location of an emitter at various points along the dog's midline within about ±5%. The positioner molds the animal to a uniform 15 cm lateral thickness so that body attenuation of photons is similar among adult beagles. Effects on counting rate of differences in position of dogs within its confines are minor, and in the order of ±2%. Calibration was accomplished by counting in this positioner a number of dogs containing various radionuclides. Their body burdens were then determined by the radioactivity of their individual bones and tissues following autopsy or from analysis of their total excretion from injection up to the time of counting. The calibration factor appeared to depend upon the photon energy of the emitter at about 100 keV and below, but was independent of energy above about 200 keV. This concept can be adapted readily to the total-body counting of other large animals including humans.
The conundrum of increased burden of end-stage renal disease in Asians.

The conundrum of increased burden of end-stage renal disease in Asians. Background Few cohort studies have examined the risk of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) among Asians compared with whites and blacks. Methods To compare the incidence of ESRD in Asians, whites, and blacks in Northern California, we examined sociodemographic and clinical data on 299,168 adults who underwent a screening health checkup at Kaiser Permanente between 1964 and 1985. Incident cases of ESRD were ascertained by matching patient identifiers with the nationally comprehensive United States Renal Data System ESRD registry. Results Overall, 1346 cases of ESRD occurred during 7,837,310 person-years of follow-up. The age-adjusted rate of ESRD (per 100,000 person-years) was 14.0 [95% confidence interval (CI) 10.5-18.5] among Asians, 7.9 (95% CI 6.5-9.5) among whites, and 43.4 (95% CI 36.6-51.4)] among blacks. Controlling for age, gender, educational attainment, diabetes, prior myocardial infarction, serum creatinine, systolic and diastolic blood pressure, proteinuria, hematuria, cigarette smoking, serum total cholesterol, and body mass index increased the risk of ESRD in Asians relative to whites from 1.69 to 2.08 (95% CI 1.61-2.67). By contrast, adjustment for the same covariates decreased the risk of ESRD in blacks relative to whites from 5.30 to 3.28 (95% CI 2.91-3.69). Conclusion Factors contributing to the excess ESRD risk in Asians relative to whites extend beyond usually considered sociodemographic and comorbidity disparities. Strategies aimed at examining novel risk factors for kidney disease and efforts to increase awareness of kidney disease among Asians may reduce ESRD incidence in this high-risk group.