cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Sexist Attitudes Among Emerging Adult Women Readers of Fifty Shades Fiction

Stereotypical sexist representations of men and women in popular culture reinforce rigid views of masculinity (e.g., males as being strong, in control, masterful, and aggressive) and femininity (e.g., women as being fragile and weak, unassertive, peaceful, irrational, and driven by emotions). The present study examined associations between the fictional series Fifty Shades-one popular culture mechanism that includes pervasive traditional gender role representations-and underlying sexist beliefs among a sample of 715 women ages 18-24 years. Analyses revealed associations between Fifty Shades readership and sexism, as measured through the Ambivalent Sexism Inventory. Namely women who reported reading Fifty Shades had higher levels of ambivalent, benevolent, and hostile sexism. Further, those who interpreted Fifty Shades as "romantic" had higher levels of ambivalent and benevolent sexism. Our findings support prior empirical studies noting associations between interacting with aspects of popular culture, such as television and video games, and individual beliefs and behaviors.
Behavior of Hollow-Core Steel-Concrete-Steel Columns Subjected to Torsion Loading

AbstractThe torsional behavior of hollow-core steel-concrete-steel (HC-SCS) columns is presented using finite-element (FE) and analytical approaches. The HC-SCS columns consist of a concrete shell sandwiched between two steel tubes. Software was used to develop a three-dimensional model of an HC-SCS column that was subjected to torsional loading. The FE results were validated against the experimental results collected from six HC-SCS columns tested under pure torsion. The average error from the FE analysis was 4.8%, compared with experimental results, when predicting the column’s torsion strength. The study revealed that the interaction between the steel tube’s stiffness and concrete shell’s thickness controls the behavior of the column. A parametric study was conducted to further analyze each parameter affecting the column’s torsion behavior. The parametric analysis concluded that the torsional behavior of the column mainly depends on the outer steel tube’s properties and the thickness of the concrete sh...
Wills An Ethical Responsibility

This article is written to focus on the need for the client and counselor to have a will that focuses on who has access to the client’s counseling records. Specifically, the focus is on the importance for the client to indicate who has access to his or her records following his or her death or incapacitation. In addition, this article focuses on who has access to the counselor’s records if the counselor should die or be incapacitated. The authors believe that it is the ethical responsibility of the counselor to discuss wills. Case examples are provided and recommendations are made.
Therapies on the horizon for Clostridium difficile infections

ABSTRACTIntroduction: Clostridium difficile infections are a leading cause of healthcare facility outbreaks of gastrointestinal illness that may have serious complications and a high rate of recurrent disease. Despite the availability of standard antibiotic treatments, data from national surveillance programs indicate that the incidence of this disease continues to increase, placing a heavy burden on healthcare systems. New emerging strategies are being tested to replace or augment these standard antibiotics.Areas covered: Thirty-two current investigational agents focusing on different strategies for both prevention and treatment of C. difficile infections are reviewed. Data was gathered from a literature search of public databases for published trials from 1999-November 13, 2015 and from the author’s compendium of knowledge. Agents reviewed included 13 antibiotics, two antibiotic inactivators, seven bacteria or yeasts acting to enhance the normal microbiome, seven immunizing agents and three toxin binder...
Analyses on the Current Status of Public Knowing Rate for Tuberculosis and the Way of Information Obtained in Shanxi Province

Objective: To investigate the influences on public knowing rate about the way of tuberculosis information obtained in Shanxi province in 2006 so as to provide the basis for adjustment and improvement of the propagandizing working emphasis for tuberculosis in future.Methods: An epidemiological cross-sectional questionnaire survey was used to carry out the random cluster sampling on the status of public knowing rate about tuberculosis in Shanxi province.The questionnaire results were computerized by the investigator after spot survey and then to carry out the statistic analyses by SPSS10.0 method.Results: The knowing rate of total 8 core information for tuberculosis was 34.92% among all of the people who had been investigated.The people who were different sex and region had different knowing rate for different tuberculosis information but the knowing rate of men were higher than that of women and a city was higher than that of a village.The people who was different sex,different region and if they had diseases had different way of the tuberculosis information obtained.Conclusion:The knowing rate of public tuberculosis in Shanxi province is lower than that of the whole country.It is important to take measures to propagandize the tuberculosis knowledge.And the health education should be constantly and usually to unfold tuberculosis education works in Shanxi province.
Diminished antibody response to rinderpest vaccination in cattle undergoing experimental East Coast fever

The immunocompetence of cattle undergoing East Coast fever (ECF) reactions of varying degrees of intensity was evaluated using the neutralising antibody response of these cattle to rinderpest vaccine as indicator. Significant abatement of the vaccine response was found in animals undergoing severe ECF reactions. The results suggest that the massive lymphoid cell involvement of such severe ECF reactions diminishes the immune responsiveness of cattle to rinderpest vaccine.
Chapter 8 – Taking the “Numb” Out of Numbers: Statistical Displays

Some of the most frequently published kinds of information graphics attempt to simplify complicated information by presenting it in a form that the average person will understand. Specifically graphics reporters are often called upon to decipher large and complex sets of numerical data related to stories about the economy census reports, financial statements, polls, surveys, scientific research and other types of statistical findings. I once worked with a reporter who responded to all questions related to numbers with the same statement: “I am a journalist, not a mathematician, dammit!” However, if you really want to be a graphics reporter you should shun this sentiment immediately and learn to embrace your role as occasional mathematician in the newsroom.
Sadler’s Protectionist, Paternalist Social System and the Foundation of his Social Agenda

Before examining Sadler’s paternalist philosophy, a brief sketch of the influences which shaped his social and political outlook during his formative years will help explain why a linen merchant of Leeds should champion not the ideals of the entrepreneurial class but those of the aristocratic and leisured classes. Although Sadler spent most of his adult life in Leeds, he grew up in a small village and farming community in Derbyshire. His father, James, owned a small estate in the neighbouring villages of Snelston and Doveridge; his mother, Frances, was granddaughter of Henry Wrigley of Langley Hall, near Middleton in Lancashire. This estate was entailed upon her and her three sons, Joseph, Benjamin and Michael, who was the youngest. Sadler was born at Doveridge in 1780. From the age of six, he was placed under the tutelage of a local schoolmaster, named Harrison. Sadler acquired competency in Latin and Greek and the rudiments of French, Italian and German. He also developed an interest in history, science and mathematics. When Sadler turned 12, the family intended sending him to a public school but Harrison persuaded his father not to send the boy away. He remained with Harrison until he was 14 or 15 and had exhausted his tutor’s fund of knowledge. After that, he was more or less left to his own devices. He spent many hours in the family library, becoming well acquainted with many of the leading works of literature and philosophy.2 His writing and speeches are replete with references to classical authors, including Bacon, Hobbes, Locke, Paley, Montesquieu and Sir Thomas More. ‘Leisure, and such a course of reading’, wrote Seeley somewhat disapprovingly,
Chapter 1 – Overview of Brain Tumor Epidemiology

Brain tumors comprise a diverse group of neoplasms that are often malignant and refractory to treatment. Between 30,000 and 35,000 new primary brain tumors (PBTs) are diagnosed each year in the United States (approximately 14 cases per 100,000 population). The most commonly diagnosed PBTs include glioblastoma multiforme, anaplastic astrocytoma, meningioma, and oligodendroglial tumors. The overall prognosis and survival of patients with PBT remain poor, with an aggregate 5-year survival rate of 20%. The etiology of most PBTs is unknown; a small percentage may be related to genetic hereditary syndromes or cranial radiation exposure. Metastatic brain tumors (MBTs) are the most common complication of systemic cancer and affect between 150,000 and 170,000 new patients each year. They can occur with any primary neoplasm, but typically arise from tumors of the lung, breast, skin (i.e., melanoma), and gastrointestinal tract. MBTs are associated with a poor prognosis, with median survivals of approximately 18 weeks. The propensity to develop MBT is most likely related to the molecular phenotype of the primary tumor and to the expression levels of specific genes.
Use of preoperative gabapentin significantly reduces postoperative opioid consumption: a meta-analysis.

Objectives Effective postoperative pain management is crucial in the care of surgical patients. Opioids, which are commonly used in managing postoperative pain, have a potential for tolerance and addiction, along with sedating side effects. Gabapentin’s use as a multimodal analgesic regimen to treat neuropathic pain has been documented as having favorable side effects. This meta-analysis examined the use of preoperative gabapentin and its impact on postoperative opioid consumption.
MR and CT Imaging of Thyroid Cancer

Radiologic imaging is often not necessary for the preoperative staging of early thyroid carcinoma. However, with locally advanced disease, MRI and CT may be necessary to assess invasion of adjacent structures such as the esophagus, trachea, and neurovascular structures. Postoperative imaging of thyroid carcinoma is guided by the results of radioactive iodine metastatic disease for those patients with papillary and follicular carcinoma. With complete thyroidectomy and negative metastatic thyroid survey, imaging may not be necessary. For those patients with tumors that have non-avid iodine uptake and for those patients with medullary and anaplastic thyroid cancer, PET/CT is the modality of choice. For patients with metastatic disease, advanced imaging is required. Non-contrast CT is best for evaluating pulmonary nodules.
Benchmarking resource usage for spectrum sensing on commodity mobile devices

Effective management of various white space spectra may require spectrum sensing at finer spatial granularity than is feasible with expensive laboratory-grade spectrum sensors. To enable this, we envision a future where commodity mobile devices would be capable of spectrum sensing as needed, possibly via crowd-sourcing. However, since mobile devices are resource limited, understanding their resource usage in this set up is important, specifically in terms of overall latency and energy usage. In this work, we carry out a comprehensive performance benchmarking study using 4 different USB-powered software radios and 2 common smartphone/ embedded computers as mobile spectrum sensing platforms. The study evaluates latency and energy usage using a suite of commonly used sensing algorithms specifically targeting TV white space spectrum. The study shows that latency due to sensing and computation and related energy usage are both modest.
Reconstructing virus structures from nanometer to near-atomic resolutions with cryo-electron microscopy and tomography.

The past few decades have seen tremendous advances in single-particle electron ­cryo-microscopy (cryo-EM). The field has matured to the point that near-atomic resolution density maps can be generated for icosahedral viruses without the need for crystallization. In parallel, substantial progress has been made in determining the structures of nonicosahedrally arranged proteins in viruses by employing either single-particle cryo-EM or cryo-electron tomography (cryo-ET). Implicit in this course have been the availability of a new generation of electron cryo-microscopes and the development of the computational tools that are essential for generating these maps and models. This methodology has enabled structural biologists to analyze structures in increasing detail for virus particles that are in different morphogenetic states. Furthermore, electron imaging of frozen, hydrated cells, in the process of being infected by viruses, has also opened up a new avenue for studying virus structures “in situ”. Here we present the common techniques used to acquire and process cryo-EM and cryo-ET data and discuss their implications for structural virology both now and in the future.
Application of interleaved circuitry to improve evaporator effectiveness and COP of a packaged AC system

Abstract Highly constrained air flow pathways as experienced in tightly packaged air conditioning systems result in air flow maldistribution problems in the evaporators. The interleaved circuitry method, where the refrigerant from a circuit with high air flow is routed to a circuit with low air flow and vice-versa, has been investigated to passively reduce the air maldistribution effect. Air velocity measurements have been conducted in psychrometric chambers and the measurement locations have been defined by the log-Tchebycheff rule. The velocity profile was obtained by Lagrange Interpolation method as percentage values. The performance of the interleaved circuitry method was compared to the baseline circuitry at different operating conditions. The results show that the interleaved circuitry method uniforms the superheat of the individual circuits and improves the cooling capacity and COP by up to 16.6% and 12.4%, respectively. Furthermore, the tuned model predicted the evaporator cooling capacity within a mean absolute error of approximately ±10%.
Flash sintering of a three‐phase alumina, spinel, and yttria‐stabilized zirconia composite

Three-phase ceramic composites constituted from equal volume fractions of α-Al2O3, MgAl2O4 spinel, and cubic 8 mol% Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2 (8YSZ) were flash-sintered under the influence of DC electric fields. The temperature for the onset of rapid densification (flash sintering) was measured using a constant heating rate at fields of 50-500 V/cm. The experiments were carried out by heating the furnace at a constant rate. Flash sintering occurred at a furnace temperature of 1350°C at a field of 100 V/cm, which dropped to 1150°C at a field of 500 V/cm. The sintered densities ranged from 90% to 96%. Higher electric fields inhibited grain growth due to the lowering of the flash temperature and an accelerated sintering rate. During flash sintering, alumina reacted with the spinel phase to form a high-alumina spinel solid solution, identified by electron dispersive spectroscopy and from a decrease in the spinel lattice parameter as measured by X-ray diffraction. It is proposed that the solid solution reaction was promoted by a combination of electrical field and Joule heating.
Targeting environmental infrastructures, international law, and civilians in the new Middle Eastern wars:

Research in conflict studies and environmental security has largely focused on the mechanisms through which the environment and natural resources foster conflict or contribute to peacebuilding. An understudied area of research, however, concerns the ways in which warfare has targeted civilian infrastructure with long-term effects on human welfare and ecosystems. This article seeks to fill this gap. We focus on better understanding the conflict destruction of water, sanitation, waste, and energy infrastructures, which we term environmental infrastructures, by drawing on an author-compiled database of the post-2011 wars in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA). While research across the social sciences has examined the targeting of civilians and environmental destruction during wars, including the issue of urbicide, we expand the study of targeting environmental infrastructure to (1) examine the role of different types of actors (international vs. subnational), (2) document the type of infrastructure targ...
Epstein-Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The Epstein—Barr virus (EBV) is associated with malignancies that arise in both B lymphocytes and epithelial cells, including Burkitt’s lymphoma, immunodeficiency-related lymphoma, and nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) (1,2). The malignancies associated with EBV develop years postinfection, suggesting that they represent some form of reactivated infection.
Building Evidence in Early Childhood Special Education: A Systematic Review of Replication Intervention Studies.

Valid and evidence-informed practices are critical to help young children with disabilities and their families with highly effective interventions and instruction to reach their potentials. Replica...
Phylogenetic Structure of Plant Communities: Are Polyploids Distantly Related to Co-occurring Diploids?

Polyploidy is widely acknowledged to have played an important role in the evolution and diversification of vascular plants. However, the influence of genome duplication on population-level dynamics and its cascading effects at the community level remain unclear. In part, this is due to persistent uncertainties over the extent of polyploid phenotypic variation, and the interactions between polyploids and co-occurring species, and highlights the need to integrate polyploid research at the population and community level. Here, we investigate how community-level patterns of phylogenetic relatedness might influence escape from minority cytotype exclusion, a classic population genetics hypothesis about polyploid establishment, and population-level species interactions. Focusing on two plant families in which polyploidy has evolved multiple times, Brassicaceae and Rosaceae, we build upon the hypothesis that the greater allelic and phenotypic diversity of polyploids allow them to successfully inhabit a different geographic range compared to their diploid progenitor and close relatives. Using a phylogenetic framework, we specifically test (1) whether polyploid species are more distantly related to diploids within the same community than co-occurring diploids are to one another, and (2) if polyploid species tend to exhibit greater ecological success than diploids, using species abundance in communities as an indicator of successful establishment. Overall, our results suggest that the effects of genome duplication on community structure are not clear-cut. We find that polyploid species tend to be more distantly related to co-occurring diploids than diploids are to each other. However, we do not find a consistent pattern of polyploid species being more abundant than diploid species, suggesting polyploids are not uniformly more ecologically successful than diploids. While polyploidy appears to have some important influences on species co-occurrence in Brassicaceae and Rosaceae communities, our study highlights the paucity of available geographically explicit data on intraspecific ploidal variation. The increased use of high-throughput methods to identify ploidal variation, such as flow cytometry and whole genome sequencing, will greatly aid our understanding of how such a widespread, radical genomic mutation influences the evolution of species and those around them.
Investigating sources of error in the management of crises: theoretical assumptions and a methodological approach

It is generally recognized that the methods used to collect and evaluate data on major human events, such as policy fiascos and disasters, are heavily influenced by the investigator’s theoretical assumptions about what causal sequences are likely to account for such events. Accordingly, I begin this paper with my main theoretical assumptions about sources of error in decision making and then turn to methodological questions pertaining to empirical research on failures of information systems.
On the Possibility of Glucose Sensing Using Boronic Acid and a Luminescent Ruthenium Metal-Ligand Complex.

We describe a new approach to optical sensing of glucose based on the competitive interactions between a ruthenium metal ligand complex, a boronic acid derivative and glucose. The metal-ligand complex [Ru(2,2′-bipyridine)2(5,6-dihydroxy-1,10-phenanthroline)](PF6)2 at pH 8 forms a reversible complex with 2-toluylboronic acid or 2-methoxyphenyl boronic acid. Complexation is accompanied by a several-fold increase in the luminescent intensity of the ruthenium complex. Addition of glucose results in decreased luminescent intensity, which appears to be the result of decreased binding between the metal-ligand complex and the boronic acid. Ruthenium metal-ligand complexes are convenient for optical sensing because their long luminescent decay times allow lifetime-based sensing with simple instrumentation.
Enhancement of red cell washout from blood clots by alteration of gel pore size and red cell flexibility

Plasma clots formed in the presence of erythrocytes have pores large enough to allow significant perfusion induced washout of red cells. Erythrocyte washout is a function of gel pore size and erythrocyte flexibility. This study evaluated the possibility of increasing cell washout by enhancing gel pore size and/or erythrocyte flexibility. Addition of increasing concentrations of Dextran 40 resulted in gels composed of large fibers with large intervening pores. Gel fiber mass-to-length ratios increased from 2.6 to 8.1 x 10(13) Da/cm as Dextran 40 concentration increased from 0 to 12 mg/ml. Over the same dextran concentration range, perfusion measurements revealed an increase in gel pore diameter from 1.4 to 3.5 x 10(-4) cm and an increase in erythrocyte washout from 8.2 to 30.4% during a 1.5 gel volume exchange. Pentoxifylline was added to blood to enhance erythrocyte flexibility. Whereas turbidity measurements indicated minimal direct impact of pentoxifylline (50 micrograms/ml) on fibrin assembly or structure, perfusion measurements indicated an increase in erythrocyte washout from 8.1 to 13.4% after a 1.5 gel volume exchange. Efforts to evaluate pentoxifylline effects at higher concentrations were hampered by decreased adhesion of the gel to the sides of the perfusion chamber. These results indicate that it may be possible to enhance erythrocyte washout and thereby increase diffusion and perfusion of materials through in situ clots.
Exercise Stress Testing in Asymptomatic Individuals and Its Relation to Subclinical Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease

Exercise testing is one of the most widely used modalities for the initial evaluation of coronary artery disease (CAD) and its severity. Although primarily used in the evaluation of myocardial ischemia, the exercise test provides additional clinical information that has become only recently appreciated. The initial part of this chapter reviews the diagnostic and prognostic power of the traditional exercise test in asymptomatic patients. The latter part of the chapter examines nontraditional (i.e., nonelectrogardiographic) variables as a means of refining the prognostic capabilities of the exercise test. Particular emphasis is placed on the capability of exercise test variables to provide novel insight into underlying atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease burden in asymptomatic patients.
Time-Restricted Feeding Prevents Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Mice Lacking a Circadian Clock.

Summary Increased susceptibility of circadian clock mutant mice to metabolic diseases has led to the idea that a molecular clock is necessary for metabolic homeostasis. However, these mice often lack a normal feeding-fasting cycle. We tested whether time-restricted feeding (TRF) could prevent obesity and metabolic syndrome in whole-body Cry1;Cry2 and in liver-specific Bmal1 and Rev-erbα/β knockout mice. When provided access to food ad libitum, these mice rapidly gained weight and showed genotype-specific metabolic defects. However, when fed the same diet under TRF (food access restricted to 10 hr during the dark phase) they were protected from excessive weight gain and metabolic diseases. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses showed that TRF reduced the accumulation of hepatic lipids and enhanced cellular defenses against metabolic stress. These results suggest that the circadian clock maintains metabolic homeostasis by sustaining daily rhythms in feeding and fasting and by maintaining balance between nutrient and cellular stress responses.
27Al Pulsed Field Gradient, Diffusion–NMR Spectroscopy of Solvation Dynamics and Ion Pairing in Alkaline Aluminate Solutions

Pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance (PFG-NMR) measurements were successfully applied to the 27Al ( I = 5/2) nucleus in concentrated electrolytes to investigate the diffusion of aluminate ions [Al(OH)4-] in simulant high-level nuclear waste (3 M NaOH) between 25 and 85 °C. The temperature-dependent diffusion coefficients obtained from 1H, 23Na, and 27Al PFG-NMR were well fit by a Vogel-Fulcher-Tammann model and a power law equation. Comparison of 27Al diffusion coefficients of 0.1 M Al(OH)4- in ∼3 M MOH (where M = Na+, K+, (CH3)4N+) at room temperature varied in agreement with the expected changes in solution viscosity via Stokes-Einstein relationship, confirming that the dominant Al species at these conditions are Al(OH)4- monomers. This 27Al PFG-NMR study extends an established methodology to a previously unexplored nucleus enabling this experimental technique to be leverage for exploring ion transport, speciation, and solution structure in concentrated electrolytes.
Establishing a Long-Term Model for Analysis and Improvement of Underfilled Blood Culture Volumes

Objectives Underfilling of blood culture bottles decreases the sensitivity of the culture. We attempt to increase average blood culture fill volumes (ABCFVs) through an educational program. Methods Partnerships were established with four hospital units (surgical intensive care unit [SICU], medical intensive care unit [MICU], medical intermediate care unit [MIMCU], and hematology and oncology unit [HEME/ONC]). ABCFVs were continuously tracked and communicated to each unit monthly. Educational sessions were provided to each unit. Results ABCFVs for the SICU, MICU, MIMCU, and HEME/ONC were 4.8, 5.0, 5.0, and 6.3 mL/bottle, respectively. After the final education session, the SICU, MICU, MIMCU, and HEME/ONC were able to maintain an ABCFV of 6.8, 8.1, 7.9, and 8.2 mL/bottle, respectively. Conclusions Partnering with a specific unit and providing monthly volume reports with educational sessions has a direct positive correlation on increasing ABCFVs. Increasing ABCFVs has the potential to decrease false-negative blood cultures, time to detection of positive blood cultures, and time to appropriate and specific antimicrobial therapy, as well as improve patient outcomes in high-acuity patient care units.
Domesticated species: It takes one to know one.

Darwin was fascinated by both the process and outcome of our own species’ efforts toward the domestication of the plethora of others that became so central to our unparalleled success (1). In fact, he documented many of the various traits and behaviors that we have so purposefully selected. He was clearly enamored by the decreased aggression, increased gregariousness, reduced tooth size, shortened muzzles, smaller brain size, curly tails, floppy ears, increased reproductive success (fertility), and relaxation of the estrus cycle that seemed to accompany such docility. More recent investigations have revealed that domesticated species also possess modified adrenal gland function, novel neurotransmitter levels, and a prolonged juvenile learning period (reviewed in refs. 2 and 3). In PNAS, Kaminski et al. (4) report that an enhancement of the muscles of facial expression can now be added to this list, at least for the domesticated dog. They found that domesticated dogs possess musculature around the eyes that allows them to raise their inner eyebrows, creating an expression that, in humans, is associated with sadness (i.e., “puppy dog eyes”). Equally important is the absence of this trait in wolves, the ancestral species that served as their predomestication ancestor at least 15,000 y ago (5). The evolution of increased facial expressiveness surely has contributed to the canine success of securing their designation as our “best friend.” In terms of the process of domesticating species, it seems that we first honed our skills much closer to home, with ourselves (6). The idea that humans underwent a process of self-domestication has been entertained as a major evolutionary force since Darwin’s time. However, Darwin was careful to differentiate the human condition from that of domesticated plants and animals since humans were never subject to controlled breeding by another species (7). Nevertheless, humans and our domesticated animals have … [↵][1]1Email: mraghant{at}kent.edu. [1]: #xref-corresp-1-1
Affective factors during field research that influence intention to persist in the geosciences

Although field and research experiences have been shown to help retain students in the geosciences, there is less known about how and why this is the case. We created a field-based research experie...
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning in Cardiovascular Health Care

Background This review article provides an overview of artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) as it relates to cardiovascular health care. Methods An overview of the terminology and algorithms used in ML as it relates to health care are provided by the author. Articles published up to August 1, 2019, in the field of AI and ML in cardiovascular medicine are also reviewed and placed in the context of the potential role these approaches will have in clinical practice in the future. Results AI is a broader term referring to the ability of machines to perform intelligent tasks, and ML is a subset of AI that refers to the ability of machines to learn independently and make accurate predictions. An expanding body of literature has been published using ML in cardiovascular health care. Moreover, ML has been applied in the settings of automated imaging interpretation, natural language processing and data extraction from electronic health records, and predictive analytics. Examples include automated interpretation of chest roentgenograms, electrocardiograms, echocardiograms, and angiography; identification of patients with early heart failure using clinical notes evaluated by ML; and predicting mortality or complications following percutaneous or surgical cardiovascular procedures. Conclusions Although there is an expanding body of literature on AI and ML in cardiovascular medicine, the future these fields will have in clinical practice remains to be paved. In particular, there is a promising role in providing automated imaging interpretation, automated data extraction and quality control, and clinical risk prediction, although these techniques require further refinement and evaluation.
Visualizing Urban Microclimate and Quantifying its Impact on Building Energy Use in San Francisco

Weather data at nearby airports are usually used in building energy simulation to estimate energy use in buildings or evaluate building design or retrofit options. However, due to urbanization and geography characteristics, local weather conditions can differ significantly from those at airports. This study presents the visualization of 10-year hourly weather data measured at 27 sites in San Francisco, aiming to provide insights into the urban microclimate and urban heat island effect in San Francisco and how they evolve during the recent decade. The 10-year weather data are used in building energy simulations to investigate its influence on energy use and electrical peak demand, which informs the city's policy making on building energy efficiency and resilience. The visualization feature is implemented in CityBES, an open web-based data and computing platform for urban building energy research.
The Language of Women's Pain: Ideology and Critical Cultural Competencies in Pain Literacy

This manuscript is concerned with a key tension in health communication: How women’s pain is rhetorically constructed and culturally consumed. To date, there has been much research devoted to communicating the language of pain, rather, pain’s expressibility (Scarry, 1985), as well as the construction of health narratives from private pain into public action (Kimball, 2000). Building on that literature, we make a rhetorical turn, and argue for a more critical rhetorical approach to pain literacy. To that end, the primary goal of this essay is to explore the rhetorical nuances and ideological limitations in pain literacy and pain response, from the point of when pain is expressed to how that expression is perceived. Through a critical cultural lens, we critique dominant narratives of pain, and argue for an intersectional heuristic of rhetorical care that promotes cultural competency and awareness to bridge gaps in the expression and perception of pain literacy.
Additive Manufacturing of Pure Mo and Mo + TiC MMC Alloy by Electron Beam Powder Bed Fusion

A metal matrix composite powder of molybdenum (Mo) + TiC was produced by mechanical alloying (MA) and used in additive manufacturing by electron beam powder bed fusion along with pure Mo powder to form sandwich structures. The Mo + TiC solid layers formed mixed structures of Mo with discrete TiC particles, eutectic Mo + TiC, and Mo dendrites. Thermodynamic modeling showed that the system contained an invariant eutectic reaction in the composition range used and indicated that the system was highly sensitive to changes in composition and temperature.
Silicon concentration and pH controls over competitive or simultaneous incorporation of iodate and chromate into calcium carbonate phases

Abstract Co-precipitation of iodate and chromate with calcium carbonate (CaCO3) minerals is a potential approach that can significantly decrease their mobility in the subsurface. There is a need to identify the impact of pH and elements of natural abundance such as Si on co-precipitation process to understand potential for natural attenuation or targeted removal via injection of CaCO3 forming solutions in the subsurface. Batch experiments were combined with solid phase characterization studies to examine the potential for co-precipitation/incorporation of iodate and chromate into CaCO3 minerals. These experiments considered uptake during and after precipitation of CaCO3 phases and measured the release of contaminants during dissolution. Experiments conducted at variable pH (6.5, 8.0 and 9.0) and Si concentrations (0 mM, 0.5 mM and 20 mM) showed that the incorporation of iodate was pH dependent and was favored at lower pH and higher Si concentration within 7 days. The presence of chromate had little effect on the removal of iodate except at pH 6.5 where iodate uptake increased 6–10% due to the formation of dietzeite, Ca2H2O(IO3)2(CrO4). More aqueous iodate was removed in all experiments compared to chromate except some of the investigated conditions (Si 20 mM, pH 9) where the removal of CrO42− was found similar to IO3−. The release of iodate and chromate from dissolving CaCO3 was also pH and Si concentration dependent. The I fraction released from CaCO3 doped with IO3− was 1.5–2.3%, which reached a steady state after 24h; however, 2.6–4.6% of I was released from CaCO3 doped with IO3− and CrO42− for all tested conditions. More chromate (up to 36.5 ± 4.6%) than iodate (3.2 ± 0.07%) was released during dissolution at pH 6.5 and 20 mM Si. Although less uptake of Cr occurred, it may have led to increased release of I when both were co-precipitated simultaneously.
‘Landing’ salmon aquaculture: Ecologies, infrastructures and the promise of sustainability

Abstract In this paper, we critically assess two key shifts in the global salmon aquaculture sector: first, the development of large land-based salmon production facilities and, second, the increased reliance on land-based commodity crops in salmon feed. Proponents of this ‘landing’ of salmon aquaculture’s infrastructure promise sustainable solutions to the environmental challenges of farming in and from the sea. But the firmness of land is no predictor of a given or stable form of capital accumulation, nor does it represent a straightforward ‘sustainable solution’ to the ecological challenges in conventional salmon farming. We show how productive and speculative capital underpin these new projects, but also how these projects meet varied frictions which raises questions about whether ‘landing’ infrastructures represents a sustainable alternative to conventional salmon aquaculture. We explore this development in the context of recent debates on infrastructures as they relate to environments, ecologies and the nonhuman. We argue that analysing industrial aquaculture, and more broadly industrial animal agriculture, through the lens of environmental or ecological infrastructures, helps to bring into focus the massive and global infrastructuring of nature and nonhumans. In turn, we are able to illuminate the political, social and ecological implications of the industrial containment and feeding of animals. This article contributes to the emerging field of scholarship on ecological infrastructures by critically assessing the landing of salmon in response to the socio-ecological crisis in conventional salmon aquaculture.
Examining Sensor Agreement in Neural Network Blood Glucose Prediction

Successful measurements of interstitial glucose are a key component in providing effective care for patients with diabetes. Recently, there has been significant interest in using neural networks to...
Urological Considerations for Pediatric Renal Transplantation: CAKUT Challenges

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a diverse group of structural abnormalities of the embryonic kidney and urinary tract. CAKUT account for 40–50% of pediatric and 7% of adult end-stage renal disease. CAKUT are the leading cause for renal transplantation in pediatric population.
Parental Beliefs About Causes of Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Investigation of a Research Measure Using Principal Component Analysis

Abstract Background Parents’ perceptions about cause of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) influences their behaviors (e.g., treatment selection, vaccinations). The Revised Illness Perception Questionnaire for ASD (IPQ-R-ASD) offers a systematic way to measure parent parents’ perceptions of ASD cause, but further study is needed. Method Using principal component analysis (PCA), we investigated the factor structure of the IPQ-R-ASD Cause scale, which was administered online, in a sample of 326 North American parents (287 mothers [88 %], 39 fathers) raising children with confirmed ASD diagnoses. Results Six factors emerged on the Cause subscale and were labeled Personal Attributions, Parental Risk Factors, Environmental Risk Factors, Utero/Birth Stress, Biophysiological, and Metaphysical. Together, these factors accounted for a cumulative variance of 61.4 %. All items exceeded the minimum loading to be considered robust, and all but one loaded positively (i.e., “Will of God). Conclusions Understanding parental perceptions about the cause of their children’s ASD may help researchers and clinicians understand important aspects of raising a child with ASD, such as stress and coping responses, treatment selection and implementation, or shared decision-making about service use. Since measurement of causal beliefs is an important initial step in this direction, the current study is helpful in establishing the viability of a measure that may extend this line of research and, ultimately, the instrument’s clinical utility.
Current Research Informing the Conceptualization, Identification, and Treatment of Dyslexia Across Orthographies: An Introduction to the Special Series:

This introduction to the special series summarizes evidence for the genetic and brain bases for dyslexia and cognitive–behavioral indicators (including ones that can be measured even before the ons...
How Early in Life do Transgender Adults Begin to Experience Gender Dysphoria? Why This Matters for Patients, Providers, and for Our Healthcare System.

ABSTRACT Introduction The age at which transgender women (TW) and men (TM) first experience gender dysphoria (GD) has not been reported in a U.S. population of adults seeking genital gender-affirming surgery (gGAS). Because gender is an innate part of identity, we hypothesized that untreated GD would be a part of individuals’ earliest memories. Understanding GD onset can help guide providers with when and how to focus care to patients not yet identified as “transgender Aim (i) Determine the age at which transgender adults seeking gGAS first experience GD (ii) Determine the number of life-years that transgender adults spend living with untreated GD Methods During initial consultation for gGAS, we asked patients the earliest age at which they experienced GD and the age at which they had their earliest episodic memory. We also queried history of anxiety, depression, and suicide attempt. Main Outcome Measures Patients self-reported their earliest recollections of experiencing GD, earliest memories in general, and history of anxiety, depression, and suicide attempt. Results Data from 155 TW (mean age 41.3; SD 16.3) and 55 TM (mean age 35.4; SD 10.8) were collected. Most patients (TM: 78%; TW: 73%) reported experiencing GD for the first time between ages 3 and 7 years. For TM the mean age of onset was 6.17 years; for TW it was 6.71 years. A total of 81% of TW and 80% of TM described their first recollection of GD as one of their earliest memories. Mean years of persistent GD before the start of gender transition were 22.9 (TM) and 27.1 (TW). Rates of depression, anxiety, and suicide ideation decreased following gender transition. Conclusion Our findings suggest that GD typically manifests in early childhood and persists untreated for many years before individuals commence gender transition. Diagnosis and early management during childhood and adolescence can improve quality of life and survival. Zaliznyak M, Yuan N, Bresee C, et al. How Early in Life do Transgender Adults Begin to Experience Gender Dysphoria? Why This Matters for Patients, Providers, and for Our Healthcare System. Sex Med 2021;XX:XXXXXX.
Becoming Alive: Psychoanalysis and Vitality

Vitality in Human Life and Psychoanalysis. Body-mind Aliveness in the Social Realm. The Alive Subjective-object. Alive Subjects. Vital Stories. Couch and Culture.
The Underbelly of Social Interaction

I recently read about a contest to determine who had the most creative vanity license plate. The inscription on the winning license plate was “AXN28D+.” For those who, like myself, are less than skilled at decoding some of these tags, the plate translates into “Accentuate the Positive.” Although certainly a valuable guide for living life, this phrase also reflects the approach that social and behavioral researchers have taken in their investigations of social interactions and relationships. Rather than focusing on the broad spectrum of human behavior, emphasizing both the positive and negative facets of personal relationships, scientists studying personal relationships have tended to “accentuate the positive.”
Instrumentation for measurements in building acoustics

The basic measurements in building acoustics are measurements of sound levels. The measured sound levels can be broadband or band-limited, frequency-weighted, and time-averaged or time-weighted. One of the many factors involved in making good building acoustics measurements is the performance of the instruments that are used. Measurement systems can take many different configurations, from a simple single-channel hand-held stand-alone instrument to a complex multi-channel distributed system. Measurement practitioners should be able to call upon a comprehensive but practicable reference for both the specification and testing of the performance of the instruments. The periodic tests were designed to cover only the most essential characteristics and those where experience has shown that many instruments exhibit problems.
How Business Travelers Discriminate Between Mid-Priced and Luxury Hotels:

The purpose of this study was to determine which hotel characteristics differentiate between mid-priced and luxury properties from the viewpoint of the business traveler. This study is unique in that it uses a longitudinal sample of 1044 business travelers compiled from three independent annual surveys that used the same questions. Budget properties were not included because the sample was primarily composed of respondents who frequented mid-priced and luxury properties. To develop the dependent variables, respondents were assigned to either a group representing business travelers who frequented midpriced properties or a group representing business travelers who frequented luxury properties. The study's independent variables were 56 hotel characteristics. These included a variety of amenities, from personal-use items, to facilities and services, as well as other more subjective hotel characteristics, such as cleanliness, recommendations, and security. A discriminant analysis was performed to determine how...
The relationship of porcine sperm zona-binding ability to fertility

Several laboratory assays have been designed to assess the fertility potential of a semen sample before insemination, but none have been consistent and accurate predictors of fertility. To determine whether zona-binding ability may be a useful fertility predictor, we validated and used an in vitro competitive assay to measure the ability of porcine sperm to bind to the zona pellucida. The zona-binding ability of sperm from 11 boars that exhibited a broad range in average litter size and farrowing rate was determined. Sperm from each boar were compared directly with sperm from eight other boars in a systematic, pairwise fashion. Sperm from two semen samples were labeled with flu-orophores at concentrations that did not affect motility or zona-binding ability. An equal number of labeled sperm from each boar was coincubated with homologous oocytes. Least squares means from analysis of variance were used to rank boars based on zona-binding ability. The competitive assay was effective in establishing a ranking of the boars (R 2 = 0.62). Furthermore, there was a correlation between zona-binding ability and fertility when estimated by average litter size (r = 0.64, P < 0.05) but not when estimated by farrowing rate (r = -0.28). The explanation for this difference was that litter size and farrowing rate were poorly correlated (r = 0.14). In conclusion, a competitive zona-binding assay distinguished boars that sired either small or large litters. Competitive zona-binding ability may be useful for identifying boars with reduced fertility that produce smaller litters following insemination.
Transonic Flow Past Cone Cylinders

Experimental results are presented for transonic flow post cone-cylinder, axially symmetric bodies. The drag coefficient and surface Mach number are studied as the free-stream Mach number is varied and, wherever possible, the experimental results are compared with theoretical predictions. Interferometric results for several typical flow configurations are shown and an example of shock-free supersonic-to-subsonic compression is experimentally demonstrated. The theoretical problem of transonic flow past finite cones is discussed briefly and an approximate solution of the axially symmetric transonic equations, valid for a semi-infinite cone, is presented.