cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Foreign Investment as a Dependent Variable: Determinants of Foreign Investment and Capital Penetration in Developing Nations, 1967–1978

While foreign investment and capital penetration have become key predictor variables in many studies of economic development and social change, much less scrutiny has been applied to these phenomena as outcomes of intranational characteristics. In this crossnational, quantitative study of the determinants of growth of foreign investment and capital penetration, the growth of both phenomena is found to be similar and can be partially explained by common models based on the logic of market orientation. Moreover, such phenomena as foreign capital penetration in manufacturing and overurbanization are positively related to this growth, suggesting that previous research has misspecified certain relationships and that certain elements of the dependentdevelopment approach to dependency theory require refinement or modification. Foreign investment plays a central role in theories and empirical investigations of international development. While conventional perspectives arising from modernization theory view direct, private foreign investment in developing economies as an asset in the developmental struggles of the Third World, newer theories stressing economic dependency and core-periphery relations consider foreign investment the prime culprit in many Third World social ills, such as inadequate labor absorption, overurbanization, lagging fertility decline, and retarded economic growth (Wallerstein 1974; Chase-Dunn 1975; Evans & Timberlake 1980; Timberlake & Kentor 1983; Bornschier & Chase-Dunn 1985; Bradshaw 1987; London 1987, 1988). The most consistent support for these newer critical perspectives has come from the dependent-development strand of dependency thought, which views the process of capital accumulation as evolving over time. Specifically, the old colonialism of the mercantile capitalist era with its feudal interaction patterns and unequal exchange has shifted gradually to "dependent" capitalism, or to *Direct correspondence to the authorat theDepartmentof Sociology, 190North OvalMall, 300 Bricker Hall, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210-1353. i) The University of North Carolina Prs Social Forces, June 1991, 69(4):1169-1182 This content downloaded from 157.55.39.45 on Wed, 05 Oct 2016 05:25:34 UTC All use subject to http://about.jstor.org/terms 1170 / Social Forces 69:4, June 1991 the location of industrial capital in developing countries. In other words, colonialism has been replaced by a more subtle but no less effective neocolonialism (Galtung 1971; Cardoso & Faletto 1979; Bornschier & Chase-Dunn
Electronic Contributions to Sliding Friction

We have measured the force required to slide argon monolayers on Ag(111) and Xe(111) surfaces, as well as the force required to slide xenon monolayers and bilayers along Ag(111) surfaces. Our experimental results allow estimation of the proportion of energy losses associated with the motion of electrons to that associated with excitation of atomic lattice vibrations.
A radiation transport coupled particle-in-cell simulation. I. Description of the model

A one-dimensional radiation transport model is coupled with a particle-in-cell simulation in order to incorporate the resonance trapping effect of photons and the kinetic effect of plasma in fluorescent-lamp-like discharges. Electrons and ions are treated with the conventional particle-in-cell method, and neutral species such as ground, radiative, and metastable state atoms are treated with a fluid model combined with the Holstein–Biberman equation. Also included are the atomic collisions among neutral species and the effect of nonuniform ground state density on photon transport. The general scheme of the model and the numerical methods for Doppler and pressure line broadenings are described in a one-dimensional planar model for the nonuniform ground-state density.
Supersensitivity after intraventricular 6-hydroxydopamine: Relation to dopamine depletion

6-Hydroxydopamine increased behavioral response to L-DOPA in proportion to the decrease of dopamine (DA) and DA uptake in rat striatum. The increased response to apomorphine, however, only occurred after >80% DA loss. Thus, 6-hydroxydopamine may induce postsynaptic changes only following large lesions.
Gammarus desperatus, a new species from New Mexico (Crustacea : Amphipoda)

A new species of the Amphipoda (Gammarus desperatus) is described from North Spring in Roswell, Chaves County, New Mexico. Apparently this is the same species reported erroneously as G. fasciatus Say from nearby Lander Springbrook by Noel (1954).
A note on error bounds for approximation in inner product spaces

In a recent paper a method is described for constructing certain approximations to a general element in the closure of the convex hull of a subset of an inner product space. This is of interest in connection with neural networks. Here we give an algorithm that generates simpler approximants with somewhat less computational cost.
Collaborative services: children experiencing neglect and the side effects of prenatal alcohol exposure.

Purpose The purpose of this article is to provide critical knowledge regarding children who are served by the child welfare system and how these children’s specialized needs affect speech-language ...
Null space conditions and thresholds for rank minimization

Minimizing the rank of a matrix subject to constraints is a challenging problem that arises in many applications in machine learning, control theory, and discrete geometry. This class of optimization problems, known as rank minimization, is NP-hard, and for most practical problems there are no efficient algorithms that yield exact solutions. A popular heuristic replaces the rank function with the nuclear norm—equal to the sum of the singular values—of the decision variable and has been shown to provide the optimal low rank solution in a variety of scenarios. In this paper, we assess the practical performance of this heuristic for finding the minimum rank matrix subject to linear equality constraints. We characterize properties of the null space of the linear operator defining the constraint set that are necessary and sufficient for the heuristic to succeed. We then analyze linear constraints sampled uniformly at random, and obtain dimension-free bounds under which our null space properties hold almost surely as the matrix dimensions tend to infinity. Finally, we provide empirical evidence that these probabilistic bounds provide accurate predictions of the heuristic’s performance in non-asymptotic scenarios.
De novo design of synthetic di-iron(I) complexes as structural models of the reduced form of iron-iron hydrogenase.

Simple synthetic di-iron dithiolate complexes provide good models of the composition of the active site of the iron−iron hydrogenase enzymes. However, the formally FeIFeI complexes synthesized to date fail to reproduce the precise orientation of the diatomic ligands about the iron centers that is observed in the molecular structure of the reduced form of the enzyme active site. This structural difference is often used to explain the fact that the synthetic di-iron complexes are generally poor catalysts when compared to the enzyme. Herein, density functional theory computations are used for the rational design of synthetic complexes as structural models of the reduced form of the enzyme active site. These computations suggest several possible synthetic targets. The synthesis of complexes containing five-atom S-to-S linkers of the form S(CH2)2X(CH2)2S (X = CH2, NH, or O) or pendant functionalities attached to the three-carbon framework is one method. Another approach is the synthesis of asymmetrically subst...
Testing dark energy evolution with optimized SNe constraints

Experimental evidence pointing to the late accelerated expansion of the Universe is often interpreted while assuming a particular dark energy model. We discuss a model-independent approach which relies on optimized estimates of the equation of state parameter at different redshift regions. In this context, recent supernova data favour the cosmological constant scenario over evolving dark energy. Furthermore, the apparent rapid variation in the equation of state parameter w appears to be a feature of certain datasets.
Thermal Conductivity of Transition Metal Carbides

Transition metal carbides, such as TiC, exhibit very low thermal conductivities (K) at low temperatures. The lattice conductivity at such temperatures is severely limited by phonon scattering by conduction electrons. At high temperatures, point-defect scattering of phonons by carbon vacancies in the non-stoichiometric compounds dominate K. Scattering of electrons by the vacancies limits the electronic contribution. Above ~1000oC the thermal conductivity of the carbides is increased by ambipolar diffusion.
Intensely potent doxorubicin analogues: structure-activity relationship

N-(5,5-Diacetoxypent-1-yl)doxorubicin (1b) is an intensely cytotoxic doxorubicin analogue that retains full potency against tumor cells that express elevated levels of P-glycoprotein and are resistant to doxorubicin. 1b was designed to be hydrolyzed in the presence of carboxylate esterases to N-(5-oxypent-1-yl)doxorubicin, an aldehyde capable of existing in equilibrium with a cyclic carbinolamine. To investigate the structural determinants of potency for 1b, we have prepared a series of chemically related compounds in which various omega-[bis(acetoxy)]alkyl or omega-[bis(acetoxy)]alkoxyalkyl groups are substituted at the 3'-amino position of the daunosamine sugar. These groups were selected to assess the effect of chain length, oxygen substitution, and carbinolamine ring size on analogue potency. The compounds were evaluated for their ability to inhibit the in vitro growth of the following cell lines: (a) Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells, (b) a CHO cell mutant 100-fold resistant to doxorubicin that expresses elevated levels of P-glycoprotein, (c) a murine ductal cell pancreatic adenocarcinoma (Panc 02), and (d) a murine mammary carcinoma (CA 755). The most potent members of the series were those that could form a straight chain aldehyde intermediate after esterase-mediated hydrolysis of the omega-bis(acetoxy) groups and give rise to 5- or 6-membered ring carbinolamines. Analogues capable of forming 7-, 8-, or 9-membered carbinolamines were markedly less active. The N-methyl derivative of 1b, which cannot give rise to a cyclic carbinolamine, was 2 orders of magnitude less potent than 1b. A branched chain analogue, 1f, which contained a tertiary carbon atom adjacent to the omega-bis(acetoxy) groups, was also substantially less active than its nonbranched counterpart, 1a. These findings suggest that the chain length of the 3'-amino substituents and the ability of the derived aldehydes to form 5- or 6-membered carbinolamines are critical determinants of biologic potency.
Minimum-norm solution of ill-posed neutron detector response using constrained quadratic programming

Least squares problems occur frequently in nuclear science including the parameter identification of linear/nonlinear dynamic models, modeling the responses of the spatially distributed detectors, nuclear data treatment, response surface modeling of the thermal margin estimation, etc. Considering the inevitable measurement noise and transport kernel simplification, the ill-posedness of the least squares method can arise and limit the applicability of the assumed model structures. In this paper, a constructive method is proposed with the constrained quadratic programming approach to get the physically meaningful solution. The method is applied to the determination of the parameter vector used to estimate the axially 3-level average core power with ex-core detectors. The test results show the remarkable improvement in accuracy and robustness for the noisy measurement data.
A Meta-analysis of Prereferral Intervention Teams: Student and Systemic Outcomes

Abstract Although prereferral intervention teams (PIT) are common in public schools, there is little and conflicting research to support them. The current article conducted an empirical meta-analysis of research on PITs by reviewing 72 articles. Nine of the articles matched the inclusion criteria for the study and 57 effect size (ES) coefficients were computed, which resulted in a mean ES of 1.10. The studies were further broken down by category of dependent variable (DV), and resulted in a mean ES of 1.15 for student outcomes and 0.90 for systemic outcomes. PITs that were implemented by university faculty resulted in a mean ES of 1.32, but field-based PITs resulted in a mean ES of only .54. Studies that used random assignment resulted in higher ES coefficients than those that used nonrandom assignment. Implications for research and cautious suggestions for practice are discussed.
Response to Letter Regarding Article, “Hemoglobin Level, Chronic Kidney Disease, and the Risks of Death and Hospitalization in Adults With Chronic Heart Failure: The Anemia in Chronic Heart Failure: Outcomes and Resource Utilization (ANCHOR) Study”

We appreciate the comments by Andreotti et al regarding additional possible reasons that may explain the excessive risk of adverse clinical events associated with reduced hemoglobin levels in the setting of chronic heart failure.1 Our study shows that lower glomerular filtration rate and either low or very high levels of hemoglobin were …
The chemistry of 2-oxazolines (1985–present)

Abstract 2-Oxazolines have permeated numerous sub-disciplines in synthetic organic chemistry in the 100 years since their discovery. This versatile heterocycle has served as protecting group, coordinating ligand, and activating moiety, often exhibiting all of these characteristics in a single transformation. The well-defined reactivity of chiral oxazolines has given rise to numerous highly efficient strategies for asymmetric synthesis including their use as ligands in asymmetric catalysis. Various unique properties have dictated their use in a multitude of dissimilar applications: as monomers in polymer production, as moderators in analytical processes, and as conformationally rigid peptide mimics in medicinal chemistry. Even natural systems have chosen to incorporate oxazolines into their chemical arsenal, as evidenced by the rapidly growing number of identified natural products and their attendant pharmacological properties. Future studies will undoubtedly uncover unexpected properties and applications. The number of important publications detailing oxazoline-related chemistry is growing, suggesting that research in this area, as in synthetic organic chemistry in general, has yet to mature.
Recombination between an Flac and a mini-FKmr plasmid deleted for an origin of replication.

Abstract The mini-F plasmid specifying resistance to kanamycin (Km), pML31, contains an origin of replication at kilobase coordinate 42.6 in the F DNA sequences. In previous research we found that this origin could be deleted by recombinant DNA techniques without the loss of plasmid maintenance functions. In this report we show that the deleted plasmid, designated pMF21, has normal incompatibility properties and a recA+-dependent ability to form cointegrates with an Flac plasmid. By comparison, pML31 does not form cointegrates with the Flac plasmid at a detectable frequency. The frequency for spontaneous loss of the Lac+ phenotype in strains containing pMF21:Flac cointegrates resembles that of the Flac plasmid; however, in some Lac− variants the Kmr phenotype is retained. Examination of the plasmid DNA in four of these Lac−Kmr clones revealed two with normal pMF21 plasmids and two with plasmids intermediate in size between pMF21 and the Flac.
AFM single molecule studies of adsorbed polyelectrolytes

This paper reviews recent achievements in atomic force microscopy of single polyelectrolyte molecules adsorbed on solid surfaces. Three parts of the review refer to the visualization of single polyelectrolyte molecules, single molecule force spectroscopy, and theoretical models for the interpretation of single molecule force spectroscopy experiments.
Delusions of Virtue: Kant on Self-Conceit

Little extended attention has been given to Kant’s notion of self-conceit ( Eigendunkel ), though it appears throughout his theoretical and practical philosophy. Authors who discuss self-conceit often describe it as a kind of imperiousness or arrogance in which the conceited agent seeks to impose selfish principles upon others, or sees others as worthless. I argue that these features of self-conceit are symptoms of a deeper and more thoroughgoing failure. Self-conceit is best described as the tendency to insist upon one’s own theoretical or practical conclusions at any cost, while still wanting to appear – to oneself or to others – as though one is abiding by the constraints of theoretical or practical reason. Self-conceit is thus less centrally the tendency to impose one’s will or inclinations upon others, and more centrally the tendency to reconstruct evidence and rationalize so that one may be convinced of one’s own virtue. While the conceited agent may ultimately impose her judgement upon others, she does so in order to preserve her delusion of virtue.
THE DO SILICON TRACKER

Abstract Due to the increased luminosity and reduced bunch spacing in run 2, the DO collaboration is in the process of upgrading its charged particle tracking detector. One of the principal components of the upgrade, is the silicon tracker. The silicon tracker gives DO the capability to tag secondary vertices from short lived particle decays. One of the main goals of this improved capacity, will be the ability to identify b-quarks that are either directly produced or come from top quark decays. This paper describes some of the aspects of this project.
Demonstration of a GaAs-based 1550-nm continuous wave photomixer

An Er:GaAs-based 1550-nm CW photomixer is demonstrated. The related mechanism is extrinsic photoconductivity with optical absorption between the localized deep levels created by the Er and the extended states above the conduction band edge of GaAs. With the power boost made possible by a fiber-coupled erbium-doped-fiber amplifier, the Er:GaAs photomixers, operating at 1550 nm, radiate THz power levels easily measured by a Golay cell, and display a power spectrum having a −3 dB roll-off frequency of 307 GHz. This corresponds to a photocarrier lifetime of 520 fs, in good agreement with a previous measurement of the bandwidth of the same material in a photoconductive switch.
Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy for acoustic neuromas: preservation of function versus size

For larger acoustic neuromas the preservation of cranial nerve function following radiosurgery remains a challenge. Fractionated stereotactic radiotherapy (FSR) for acoustic neuromas offers both higher total tumour dose (Gy) and potential sparing of the facial motor, sensory and auditory cranial nerves. Eighty consecutive patients (45 M, 35 F) (age 56.8+/-1.7 years) received FSR for AN and have a median follow up of 1.1 years. A prospective schedule permitted increased fractionation vs. size. For FSR 70 patients having AN or = 3 cm had 10 daily fractions of 3 Gy (30 Gy total). All treatments were prescribed to the 80% isodose and given via the dedicated 10 MeV accelerator. For both the larger and smaller AN, the percentage decrease in volume was similar. No tumour increased in size, no patient developed facial weakness and hearing was preserved. Using size-dependent fractionation, FSR may result in both tumour control and preservation of normal cranial nerve functions for both large and small AN.
Antebellum Harvard students and the recreational exploration of the New England landscape

Abstract This paper examines a nineteenth-century geographic activity, the recreational exploration of the wilderness areas of northern New England and nearby environments by Harvard students. Conventions of literary expression and social behaviour spurred and shaped such activity, but undergirding these temporally-specific patterns were more universal characteristics of late-adolescent behaviour. Biological, anthropological and what may be called geographical imperatives led students to explore the limits of their regional environment and incorporate the values of the wilderness experience into their own maturational processes. The early journeys into the eastern wilderness of the geographical historian Francis Parkman are set in the context of these more universal institutional and behavioural patterns.
Probabilistically checkable proofs and their consequences for approximation algorithms

The aim of this paper is to present a self-contained proof of the spectacular recent achievement that NP = PCP (log n, 1). We include, as consequences, results concerning nonapproximability of the clique number, as well as of the chromatic number of graphs, and of MAX-SNP hard problems.
Comment: Disciplining public management research

Public management as an applied, problem-oriented field will always, and should always, wrestle with the exquisite tension between theory and practice. Researchers in public management should improve their ability to draw selectively and wisely, from a variety of disciplines, those analytic frameworks with explanatory power, sound empirical evidence, and practical value for managers. Laurence Lynn argues persuasively that public management can neither flourish as a research program nor fulfill its claim to educate analytically oriented managers without greater theoretical and methodological rigor. In support of Lynn's basic argument, this comment extends his description of current economic models of organization and illuminates some of their weaknesses. By way of introducing alternative approaches, I briefly summarize two theoretical perspectives of potentially great utility to public management, the new institutionalism and network approaches to organizations. Both focus explicitly upon institutional arrangements and the interrelationship between managerial action and institutional relationships and structures. I then outline the argument that the normative conception of public management developed by Mark Moore contains the basic elements upon which to build a theory-based, methodologically sound research program, which can integrate concern with strategic managerial action and institutional arrangements and designs.
Local potential model for pion-nucleus scattering and π+π− excitation ratios

Abstract Local potentials of Woods-Saxon shape are introduced to describe the elastic scattering of pions from the nuclei 40,48 Ca, 58 Ni, 90 Zr, 118 Sn and 208 Pb at energies in the 100–300 MeV range. Good fits to the measurements are easily obtained and potential ambiguities are discussed. The optical potentials are then applied, using the deformed-potential prescription and independent information on B (E2) and B (E3) values, to inelastic scattering exciting the lowest 2 + and 3 − collective states of these nuclei, as well as the giant quadrupole resonances. This procedure is parallel to that used in the analysis of scattering data for other hadrons. Sufficiently good agreement with experimental data is obtained to establish the validity of this approach for pions also. Remaining discrepancies are similar to those found when using a more microscopic and nonlocal approach. In particular, our semi-empirical method does not change the apparently anomalous M n M p ratios for the giant resonances deduced from comparisons of π + and π − scattering. These discrepancies are discussed in detail, and in relation to results obtained using other hadronic probes. We suggest that they arise from uncertainties in the data rather than in deficiencies in our understanding of the scattering.
Contemporary treatment of thrombosed hemodialysis grafts.

Abstract Maintaining hemodialysis grafts remains a difficult problem. Before the early 1990s, graft declotting was usually performed in the surgical suite. Percutaneous declotting has been evolving since the mid-1980s. Initially, a low-dose thrombolytic infusion of streptokinase through a single catheter was used. Crossing catheters with a higher-dose infusion of urokinase was then introduced. This technique was modified with the adjunctive use of pharmacomechanical techniques with the use of compliant balloons and the adjunctive use of heparin. The advent of the "lyse-and-wait" technique provided a simpler and quicker way to declot thrombosed grafts by using urokinase, with similar outcomes. Since the removal of urokinase from the market, multiple mechanical devices have been used with similar success. Recent reports concerning the use of newer-generation thrombolytic agents report similar outcomes, with a reduction in total cost.
Crystal-field and exchange interactions of dilute Gd3+ ions in Eu2CuO4.

We have measured the electron-spin-resonance spectrum of Gd3+ ions substituting for Eu ions in Eu2CuO4. The fine structure of the spectrum was partially resolved at room temperature and the individual transitions were completely separated below 100 K. The spectrum is described with a crystal-field effective Hamiltonian of tetragonal symmetry. The values obtained at low temperatures for the corresponding parameters are b20=-486(7)×10-4 cm-1, b40=-32(2)×10-4 cm-1, and |b44|=790(50)×10-4 cm-1. These parameters are only weakly temperature dependent. The measured effective g value is shifted from the free-ion value g=1.992, indicating the existence of antiferromagnetic exchange interactions with the ions of the host. © 1988 The American Physical Society.
Turnpike and Optimal Trajectories in Integral Dynamic Models with Endogenous Delay

Nonlinear optimal control of dynamic systems with endogenous time delays is analyzed. Such systems have important applications and are described by Volterra integral equations with unknowns in the integration limits. The paper focuses on the structure and asymptotic behavior of solutions to several optimization problems with endogenous delay. It is shown that, in certain cases, a special delay trajectory exists and attracts the optimal solution. In economics, such behavior corresponds to the turnpike properties of the optimal lifetime of capital in vintage capital models.
EPR spectrometry of cytochrome P450 2B4: effects of mutations and substrate binding.

Abstract The EPR spectra of NH 2 -terminal-truncated P450 cytochrome 2B4 and of several active site mutants that were previously shown to be profoundly altered in catalytic properties were determined. From these spectra it was seen that the truncated P450 2B4, like the full length cytochrome, exists as the low spin ferric form, but upon mutation of threonine 302 to alanine approximately 40% of the cytochrome is present as the high spin ferric form ( g ≈ 8, 4, 2). A similar situation was observed in the double mutant E310L T302A, but not in the single mutant E301L. A rhombic high spin signal ( g ≈ 8, 4, 2) was observed when a substrate such as styrene, benzphetamine, or cyclohexane was added to the truncated cytochrome. Accompanying this change was the appearance of a signal at g = 1.98. Conversely, an axial high spin signal was observed ( g ≈ 6, 6, 2) when cyclohexanecarboxaldehyde or 3-phenylpropionaldehyde was added to the truncated P450 2B4.
Comparison of single and combination drug treatment strategies in experimental brain trauma.

ABSTRACT Effects of single-drug and combination drug treatments were examined in a model of lateral fluid percussion-induced traumatic brain injury (TBI) in rats. Treatments included the opioid rec...
Partnering with health care systems to assess tobacco treatment practices and beliefs among clinicians: evaluating the process.

Background Tobacco is a major cause of preventable illness and death. However, clinician use of an evidence-based guideline for treatment of tobacco use is low. This case study describes the process for conducting a pre-intervention assessment of clinician practices and beliefs regarding treatment of tobacco use. Community context Louisiana State University Health System, one of the largest safety-net public hospital systems in the United States, consists of 10 facilities in population centers across the state of Louisiana. The system serves a large proportion of the state's underinsured and uninsured, low-income, and racial/ethnic minority populations, groups that have high rates of tobacco use. Methods Activities included 1) partnering with hospital administrators to generate support for conducting a clinician assessment, 2) identifying and adapting a survey tool to assess clinicians' practices and beliefs regarding treatment of tobacco use, 3) developing a survey protocol and obtaining approval from the institutional review board, and 4) administering the survey electronically, using the hospital's e-mail system. Outcome Existing partnerships and system resources aided survey administration. Use of the hospital's internal e-mail system and distribution of an online survey were effective means to engage clinicians. Following notification, 43.6% of 4,508 clinicians opened their e-mail containing the invitation letter with a Web link to the survey; of these, 83.1% (1,634) completed the survey. Interpretation Partnering with stakeholders and using existing resources within the health care system are essential to successful implementation of a system-wide survey of clinician practices and beliefs regarding treatment of tobacco use.
Role of Light in the Photoperiodic Responses of Migratory Birds

Light-dark cycles with 12-hour and 16-hour photoperiods are known to be effective in 24-hour cycles in inducing gonadal activity and fat deposition in migratory birds. Twenty-four-hour cycles with 16-hour dark periods are not effective. To test the role of the light periods and the dark periods in a given cycle, slate-colored juncos were subjected to light in cycles which combined stimulatory photoperiods (L) and inhibitory dark periods (D) as follows: 12L-16D; 12L-20D; 16L-16D; 16L-22D; 16L-32D. The results indicate that the photoperiod, not the dark period, determined the response.
A numerical study on hurricane‐induced storm surge and inundation in Charleston Harbor, South Carolina

[1] A storm surge and inundation model is configured in Charleston Harbor and its adjacent coastal region to study the harbor's response to hurricanes. The hydrodynamic component of the modeling system is based on the Princeton Ocean Model, and a scheme with multiple inundation speed options is imbedded in the model for the inundation calculation. Historic observations (Hurricane Hugo and its related storm surge and inundation) in the Charleston Harbor region indicate that among three possible inundation speeds in the model, taking Ct (gd)1/2 (Ct is a terrain-related parameter) as the inundation speed is the best choice. Choosing a different inundation speed in the model has effects not only on inundation area but also on storm surge height. A nesting technique is necessary for the model system to capture the mesoscale feature of a hurricane and meanwhile to maintain a higher horizontal resolution in the harbor region, where details of the storm surge and inundation are required. Hurricane-induced storm surge and inundation are very sensitive to storm tracks. Twelve hurricanes with different tracks are simulated to investigate how Charleston Harbor might respond to tracks that are parallel or perpendicular to the coastline or landfall at Charleston at different angles. Experiments show that large differences of storm surge and inundation may have occurred if Hurricane Hugo had approached Charleston Harbor with a slightly different angle. A hurricane's central pressure, radius of maximum wind, and translation speed have their own complicated effects on surge and inundation when the hurricane approaches the coast on different tracks. Systematic experiments are performed in order to illustrate how each of such factors, or a combination of them, may affect the storm surge height and inundation area in the Charleston Harbor region. Finally, suggestions are given on how this numerical model system may be used for hurricane-induced storm surge and inundation forecasting.
Cytotoxic constituents of the roots of Ekmanianthe longiflora.

Bioactivity-directed fractionation of the CHCl3 extract of the roots of Ekmanianthe longiflora resulted in the isolation of three new natural products, (2R,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1(2H)-naphthalenone (1), (2S,3R,4R)-3,4-dihydro-3,4-dihydroxy-2-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)-1(2H)-naphthalenone (2), and (2R*,3aR*,9R*,9aR*)-9-hydroxy-2-(1-hydroxy-1-methylethyl)-2,3,3a,4,9,9a-hexahydro-naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4-one (3), together with the known compounds 2-(1-hydroxyethyl)naphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone (4), 2-acetylnaphtho[2,3-b]furan-4,9-quinone (5), dehydro-iso-α-lapachone (6), α-lapachone (7), catalponol, and epi-catalponol. The structures of 1−3 were determined using a combination of NMR spectroscopic techniques, and the absolute configurations of compounds 1 and 2 were obtained using Mosher ester methodology. Compounds 4−6 showed significant cytotoxicity in a panel of human cancer cells. α-Lapachone (7) exhibited only marginal activity, and catalponol and epi-catalponol were inactive i...
Any Four Black Men Will Do: Rape, Race, and the Ultimate Scapegoat

This study examines the impact of false rape charges a former Iowa State University student brought against four Black males. Using textual analysis coupled with Barthes's theory of myth, the authors critically examine how the story took hold and the communicative impact of the falsified claims of rape that affected African American men, rape survivors, and women. Using previous scholarship on rape and race (macrocontext), the authors test the scholarly conclusions on the myth of rape and race in a microcontext case study. Thus, they are interested in how the false accusation revived the myth and how Iowa State University and the local community, the regional media, and the campus police perpetuated the myth. The authors argue that racism and sexism are allowed to continue in this situation because of the preservation of White hegemonic patriarchal power. This preservation of White patriarchal hegemony is echoed in macrocontext-level conclusions.
Negative influence of changing biopsy practice patterns on the predictive value of prostate-specific antigen for cancer detection on prostate biopsy.

BACKGROUND. A correlation between prostate specific antigen (PSA) level and positive prostate biopsy rate was established in an era when biopsy practice patterns were different from what they are today. We evaluated if changes in biopsy practice patterns have affected the ability of PSA to predict cancer detection on prostate biopsy in the current era. METHODS. Of 3634 prostate biopsies performed from 1993–2005, 1607 met criteria for analysis. Biopsy data were divided into 3 time-cohorts (1993–1997, 1998–2001, and 2002–2005) to assess for practice patterns shifts and correlation between PSA and biopsy results. RESULTS. Significant changes in biopsy practice patterns included an increase in biopsy cores and more frequent use of PSA 2.5–3.99 ng/mL as a biopsy indication. In men with normal DRE, a moderate correlation between PSA and positive biopsy rate did exist from 1993–1997, but was subsequently lost. On multivariate analysis, PSA was not a significant predictor of biopsy result in men with normal DRE. CONCLUSIONS. Early in the PSA era, the predictive power of PSA depended on multiple factors: high prevalence of disease, higher prevalence of high-grade disease, and low likelihood of prostate cancer diagnosis in men with low PSA. Now, beyond the culling effect of increased biopsy incidence and with shifted biopsy practice patterns, the correlation between PSA and biopsy result is lost in men with normal DRE. Diagnosing a higher proportion of tumors in men with a PSA between 2.0–4.0 ng/mL has negatively influenced the predictive value of PSA for cancer detection. Cancer 2008. © 2008 American Cancer Society.
Association between Serum Interleukin-6 Concentrations and Mortality in Older Adults: The Rancho Bernardo Study

Background Interleukin-6 (IL-6) may have a protective role in acute liver disease but a detrimental effect in chronic liver disease. It is unknown whether IL-6 is associated with risk of liver-related mortality in humans.
The impact of the aging population on coronary heart disease in the United States.

Abstract Background The demographic shift toward an older population in the United States will result in a higher burden of coronary heart disease, but the increase has not been quantified in detail. We sought to estimate the impact of the aging US population on coronary heart disease. Methods We used the Coronary Heart Disease Policy Model, a Markov model of the US population between 35 and 84 years of age, and US Census projections to model the age structure of the population between 2010 and 2040. Results Assuming no substantive changes in risks factors or treatments, incident coronary heart disease is projected to increase by approximately 26%, from 981,000 in 2010 to 1,234,000 in 2040, and prevalent coronary heart disease by 47%, from 11.7 million to 17.3 million. Mortality will be affected strongly by the aging population; annual coronary heart disease deaths are projected to increase by 56% over the next 30 years, from 392,000 to 610,000. Coronary heart disease-related health care costs are projected to rise by 41% from $126.2 billion in 2010 to $177.5 billion in 2040 in the United States. It may be possible to offset the increase in disease burden through achievement of Healthy People 2010/2020 objectives or interventions that substantially reduce obesity, blood pressure, or cholesterol levels in the population. Conclusions Without considerable changes in risk factors or treatments, the aging of the US population will result in a sizeable increase in coronary heart disease incidence, prevalence, mortality, and costs. Health care stakeholders need to plan for the future age-related health care demands of coronary heart disease.
Circular dichroism and ethidium bromide binding studies of chromatin from WI-38 fibroblasts stimulated to proliferate.

Summary Confluent monolayers of WI-38 diploid fibroblasts can be stimulated to proliferate by fresh serum. In the first 3 h after stimulation (that is, several hours before DNA replication) the chromatin of stimulated cells show structural changes which include: (1) an increase in maximum positive ellipticity and a blue shift in the 250–300 nm region of circular dichroism spectra; and (2) an increase, in isolated chromatin, of the number of binding sites for the intercalating dye, ethidium bromide. The differences between chromatin of stimulated and chromatin of unstimulated cells are abolished when both chromatins are treated with 0.25 M NaCl.
Standardization: Understanding the Process.

Critics of the CCITT, ISO, ANSI, X3, IEEE and other Standards Development Organizations ("SDOs") complain that the formal approach to standard-setting followed by these institutions is too bureaucratic and time consuming. In this paper, I briefly describe the key features which distinguish SDO standard-setting and analyze these features in light of recent work in political economy. I argue that many of the features which lead to a slower process may be interpreted as an efficient institutional response to the problems posed by industry standardization. A better understanding of the motivation behind the design of formal SDOs is essential if we are to improve existing processes.
Two-neutron transfer in the ``island of inversion''

Cross sections for (p,t) and (t ,p) reactions near neutron-shell closures depend sensitively on the amount of intruder configuration in the relevant states. For several nuclei in the “island of inversion,” I present calculated cross section ratios for the first two 0+ states as functions of the intruder-normal-state mixing. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics | Physics Comments Fortune, H. T. (2012). Two-neutron transfer in the “island of inversion.” Physical Review C, 85(6), 064615. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.85.064615 © 2012 American Physical Society This journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: http://repository.upenn.edu/physics_papers/246 PHYSICAL REVIEW C 85, 064615 (2012) Two-neutron transfer in the “island of inversion” H. T. Fortune Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 19104, USA (Received 24 January 2012; published 22 June 2012) Cross sections for (p,t) and (t ,p) reactions near neutron-shell closures depend sensitively on the amount of intruder configuration in the relevant states. For several nuclei in the “island of inversion,” I present calculated cross section ratios for the first two 0+ states as functions of the intruder-normal-state mixing. DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.85.064615 PACS number(s): 25.60.−t, 25.55.Hp, 21.60.Cs, 27.30.+t
Requirements for Virtual Design Review

The students and faculty affiliated with the Design Studios at MIT have conducted several experiments in geographically distributed design activities as part of the Design Studio of the Future research and education initiatives. Some of these experiments have involved collaboration among the studios within the institute while others have involved faculty and students in academic institutions from as far East as Singapore, Australia and Hong Kong. The goal of this paper is to describe our experiences to date with synchronous distributed collaborative design over the Internet, the World Wide Web, and other commercially available communication systems. In particular, we will outline technical and social requirements for successfully conducting remote design reviews. Such reviews require a shift in design content from physical to electronic media which brings with it associated changes in roles, responsibilities, tools, and feature set. These changes are identified in this paper. Finally, we provide helpful suggestions for others who want to try the virtual review format in their organisations.
Colloid characterization by sedimentation field-flow fractionation: VII. Colloidal aggregates

Abstract This study addresses the scope and limitations of sedimentation field-flow fractionation applied to the resolution and characterization of aggregates of colloidal particles. It is shown that a model colloidal system composed of aggregates having different numbers of “monodisperse” polymethylmethacrylate latex microspheres can be resolved into component clusters containing up to eight microspheres. The mechanism of peak broadening for the peaks corresponding to different-sized clusters is investigated in order to obtain cluster polydispersity and the resulting resolution between adjacent cluster peaks. The theoretical approach is based on the assumptions that the individual aggregates are formed randomly from the microsphere population and that the major peak broadening arises from cluster polydispersity. Equations for the polydispersity of the multiplets and for the resolution between adjacent peaks are derived. Experimental data on the peak resolution and plate height measurements are found to correlate well with theoretical predictions based on sample polydispersity.
A financial institution's legacy mainframe access control system in light of the proposed NIST RBAC standard

In this paper we describe a mainframe access control system (DENT) and its associated delegated administration tool (DSAS) that were used in a financial institution for over 20 years to control access to banking transaction products. The first part of this paper describes the design and operation of DENT/DSAS as an example of a long-lived access control system in a financial institution. A standard for role-based access control (RBAC) has recently been proposed by the United States National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). The second part of this paper discusses how the functionality of DENT/DSAS could be achieved by applying its principles of operation within the NIST model. In so doing we also evaluate the proposed standard by validating it against the requirements embodied in a successful access control system. We conclude with some observations about the design of DENT/DSAS and suggestions for changes in the proposed RBAC standard to accommodate some features of DENT/DSAS that it does not appear to support.
Fathers' and mothers' perceptions of father involvement in families with young children with a disability

Parents assessed the extent of father involvement in the lives of their young children with severe intellectual disability, as well as their satisfaction with that involvement. This study assessed 60 families at two time points about 1.5 years apart. There was high agreement between mothers and fathers concerning the extent of fathers' help, which was highest in the areas of playing, nurturing, discipline, and deciding on services. Most mothers were satisfied with the extent of fathers' help. Mothers' satisfaction with fathers' help related more strongly to indicators of family well-being than the actual extent of fathers' help. In regression analyses, mothers' satisfaction with fathers' help explained significant variance in mothers' and fathers' marital adjustment at both time points, even after the contributions of child maladaptive behaviour and caretaking burden were accounted for. The implications of father involvement considerations for counselling are considered.
Representations of certain binary quadratic forms as a sum of Lambert series and eta-quotients

In this work, we establish formulas for the representations of binary quadratic forms of discriminants -44, -92, -108, -135 and -140 as a sum of Lambert series and eta-quotients.
Oh a K-Segments Algorithm for Computing Principal Curves

An effective algorithm, termed the k-segments algorithm, was proposed by J.J. Verbeek et al., (2002) for computing principal curves. To apply this algorithm, two parameters are required to be specified. In H. Wang and T.C.M. Lee, (2006) an automatic method was developed for choosing the values of these parameters. The present paper gives an overview of this automatic parameter selection method, as well as to provide new experimental results
Muscle reinnervation with nerve-muscle-endplate band grafting technique: correlation between force recovery and axonal regeneration

Background This study was designed to determine the correlation between functional recovery and the extent of axonal regeneration after muscle reinnervation with our recently developed nerve-muscle-endplate band grafting (NMEG) technique in a rat model.
Physical, chemical, and immunological properties of lipopolysaccharide released from Escherichia coli by ethylenediaminetetraacetate.

When Escherichia coli O111:B4 is exposed briefly to ethylenediaminetetraacetate (EDTA) it releases 30 to 50% of its lipopolysaccharide, determined not only by measuring percentage release of colitose, a sugar unique to this polymer, but also by measuring the amount of phenol-extractable lipopolysaccharide remaining with the cell. The fraction released cannot be significantly increased above 50% by several variations in procedure. The high molecular weight material released by EDTA consists of 85 to 90% lipopolysaccharide, 5 to 10% protein, and 5% phospholipid by weight. When compared with lipopolysaccharide obtained by phenol extraction of control cells, this preparation is more immunogenic, and at least as lethal in mice. It yields two fractions on ultracentrifugation. One fraction, containing 40 to 60% of the lipopolysaccharide and most of the protein and lipid, is heterodisperse on ultracentrifugation but changes to a single symmetrical peak with a sedimentation constant of approximately 11 S when the phospholipid is extracted. Its composition is the same as that of control lipopolysaccharide obtained by phenol extraction of normal cells of this strain. The second fraction contains 30 to 40% of the released lipopolysaccharide and yields on ultracentrifugation a hyper-sharp peak with a sedimentation constant of approximately 5.5 S at infinite dilution. Per mole of heptose this fraction is twice as rich in glucose and galactose, and 4 times as rich in colitose, as control lipopolysaccharide. EDTA treatment also releases lipopolysaccharide from two other strains of E. coli and two species of Salmonella.