cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Two views on the new DSM-5: DSM-5: a diagnostic guide relevant to both primary care and psychiatric practice.

We are optimistic that by having welcomed an extensive review process and taken active steps to make DSM-5 more applicable to all of medicine, we have generated an approach that signifies a much improved future for the diagnosis and classification of mental disorders.
Deletion of the murine ATP/UTP receptor P2Y2 alters mechanical and thermal response properties in polymodal cutaneous afferents

Abstract P2Y 2 is a member of the P2Y family of G protein-coupled nucleotide receptors that is widely co-expressed with TRPV1 in peripheral sensory neurons of the dorsal root ganglia. To characterize P2Y 2 function in cutaneous afferents, intracellular recordings from mouse sensory neurons were made using an ex vivo preparation in which hindlimb skin, saphenous nerve, dorsal root ganglia and spinal cord are dissected intact. The peripheral response properties of individual cutaneous C-fibers were analyzed using digitally controlled mechanical and thermal stimuli in male P2Y 2 +/+ and P2Y 2 −/− mice. Selected sensory neurons were labeled with Neurobiotin and further characterized by immunohistochemistry. In wildtype preparations, C-fibers responding to both mechanical and thermal stimuli (CMH or CMHC) preferentially bound the lectin marker IB4 and were always immunonegative for TRPV1. Conversely, cells that fired robustly to noxious heat, but were insensitive to mechanical stimuli, were TRPV1-positive and IB4-negative. P2Y 2 gene deletion resulted in reduced firing by TRPV1-negative CMH fibers to a range of heat stimuli. However, we also identified an atypical population of IB4-negative, TRPV1-positive CMH fibers. Compared to wildtype CMH fibers, these TRPV1-positive neurons exhibited lower firing rates in response to mechanical stimulation, but had increased firing to noxious heat (43–51 °C). Collectively, these results demonstrate that P2Y 2 contributes to response properties of cutaneous afferents, as P2Y 2 deletion reduces responsiveness of conventional unmyelinated polymodal afferents to heat and appears to result in the acquisition of mechanical responsiveness in a subset of TRPV1-expressing afferents.
Relationships of Lomatium among other genera of Apiaceae

Lomatium is the largest North American genus ofApiaceae (=Umbelliferae). Relations amongLomatium and other genera have not been well understood. TheApiaceae-Araliaceae lineage and genera of North AmericanApiaceae were analyzed phenetically and cladistically in turn, and seven phenetic alliances of genera are identified. Data on frequencies of character-state combinations were assembled and usingSporne's notions of maximal and minimal co-variation of states, two character-states were identified that are derived among Umbellifer genera. Using cladistic analysis of the alliance consisting ofLomatium and six other genera we identified three sister groups toLomatium:Polytaenia alone;Polytaenia withPseudocymopterus, and a group of four genera. Not all genera in the group of seven withLomatium are supported by autapomorphies impeding phylogenetic reconstructions. Both phenetics and cladistics have helped to suggest and evaluate relationships; to call attention to groups requiring further study, and in particular to identify derived character-states.
On comprehensive prevention and control strategies of hand foot mouth disease

为探讨切实可行的手足口病防控策略，从中国及商洛市手足口病防控实际出发，结合手足口病病原学特点、流行病学特点，以及防控工作中存在的突出问题，对影响手足口病防控工作的诸多因素进行了分析。提出解决手足口病这一重要公共卫生问题，应采取搞好环境卫生、家庭卫生和手卫生，防止肠道病毒感染；严把幼儿园和家庭消毒质量关，切断传播途径；以及免疫预防等预防措施。加强疫情监测，早期发现、及时隔离治疗手足口患者，预防控制院内感染；加强手足口患者居家隔离管理，减少传染源危害；现场调查规范处置聚集性病例、重症病例、死亡病例，防止疫情蔓延等控制措施。多部门协作，确保防控措施落实；加强责任和专业技能培训，确保防控工作质量；加大督导力度，及时发现和解决工作中存在的问题和困难；针对不同人群，采取适宜方式方法，开展手足口病防控健康教育等保障措施。
Early Antibiotic Exposure and Risk of Childhood Obesity in Latinos.

Abstract We investigated the relationship between early antibiotic exposure before 6 months age and risk for obesity at 2 years in a high-risk, low-income, urban Latino cohort (n = 97), with the hypothesis that antibiotic exposure would increase risk for obesity by 2 years. Data were collected through maternal report of infant 24-hour dietary intake at 4–6 weeks, 6 months, 1, and 2 years; and food frequency questionnaires at 4–6 weeks, 6 months, 1, and 2 years. Antibiotic use data, including type and frequency, were collected through maternal self-report at 6 months and 1 year. Cord blood levels of leptin and insulin were measured at birth. Chi-squared tests were used to assess the relationship between obesity and dichotomous predictors and Student's t-tests for continuous predictors. Multivariable logistic models were used to ascertain independent predictors of obesity at age 2. We found that early antibiotic exposure before 6 months was independently associated with increased risk for rapid infant weigh...
Barriers to Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Treatment Initiation in Patients With Human Immunodeficiency Virus/HCV Coinfection: Lessons From the Interferon Era.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C is a major cause of mortality among human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients, yet hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment uptake has historically been low. Although the removal of interferon removes a major barrier to HCV treatment uptake, oral therapies alone may not fully eliminate barriers in this population. METHODS Within the Johns Hopkins Hospital HIV cohort, a nested case-control study was conducted to identify cases, defined as patients initiating HCV treatment between January 1996 and 2013, and controls, which were selected using incidence density sampling (3:1 ratio). Controls were matched to cases on date of enrollment. Conditional logistic regression was used to evaluate factors associated with HCV treatment initiation. RESULTS Among 208 treated cases and 624 untreated controls, the presence of advanced fibrosis (odds ratio [OR], 2.23; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.26-3.95), recent active drug use (OR, 0.36; 95% CI, 0.19-0.69), and non-black race (OR, 2.01; 95% CI, 1.26-3.20) were independently associated with initiation of HCV therapy. An increasing proportion of missed visits was also independently associated with lower odds of HCV treatment (25%-49% missed visits [OR, 0.49; 95% CI, 0.27-0.91] and ≥50% missed visits [OR, 0.24; 95% CI, 0.12-0.48]). CONCLUSIONS Interferon-free treatments may not be sufficient to fully overcome barriers to HCV care in HIV-infected patients. Interventions to increase engagement in care for HIV and substance use are needed to expand HCV treatment uptake.
The Effects of Attractiveness and Source Expertise on Online Health Sites.

The surface characteristics (presentational or design elements) of online content have been the focus of a growing body of credibility literature in recent decades. However, since the online health...
Auto-Shaping: A Three Key Technique

Three pigeons were given key peck training with a three key auto-shaping technique. The new procedure eliminates successive approximation shaping and presence of the experimenter. Results indicated all Ss rapidly acquire the initial pecking behavior and readily transfer it to a new discrimination on the first trial.
Rewriting National Narratives through the Study of Past Migrations: Turkey’s History of Migrations

This article explores the roles played by the memory of past migrations in the construction of national identity. National narratives tend to include and exclude certain migration experiences. Look...
Physical and electrical properties of melt-spun Fe-Si (3–8 wt.%) soft magnetic ribbons

Abstract Fe-Si alloys ranging from 3 to 8 wt% Si were rapidly solidified using melt spinning. Wheel speeds of 30 m/s and 40 m/s were employed to vary cooling rates. Mossbauer spectroscopic studies indicated the Si content significantly influenced the number of Fe sites, relative abundance of various Fe species, and internal magnetic fields/structural environments. Wheel speed altered Fe speciation only in the 3 wt% sample. Scanning electron microscopy confirmed that increasing the wheel speed refined both the ribbon thickness and grain size. Electron backscatter diffraction results suggest tailoring melt spinning process parameters and alloy chemistry may offer the ability to manipulate {001} texture development. Electrical resistivity measurements were observed to increase in response to elevated Si content. Increased hardness was correlated to elevated Si content and wheel speed.
Exploration of Supervised Machine Learning Techniques for Runtime Selection of CPU vs. GPU Execution in Java Programs

While multi-core CPUs and many-core GPUs are both viable platforms for parallel computing, programming models for them can impose large burdens upon programmers due to their complex and low-level APIs. Since managed languages like Java are designed to be run on multiple platforms, parallel language constructs and APIs such as Java 8 Parallel Stream APIs can enable high-level parallel programming with the promise of performance portability for mainstream (“non-ninja”) programmers. To achieve this goal, it is important for the selection of the hardware device to be automated rather than be specified by the programmer, as is done in current programming models. Due to a variety of factors affecting performance, predicting a preferable device for faster performance of individual kernels remains a difficult problem. While a prior approach uses machine learning to address this challenge, there is no comparable study on good supervised machine learning algorithms and good program features to track. In this paper, we explore (1) program features to be extracted by a compiler and (2) various machine learning techniques that improve accuracy in prediction, thereby improving performance. The results show that an appropriate selection of program features and machine learning algorithm can further improve accuracy. In particular, support vector machines (SVMs), logistic regression, and J48 decision tree are found to be reliable techniques for building accurate prediction models from just two, three, or four program features, achieving accuracies of 99.66%, 98.63%, and 98.28% respectively from 5-fold-cross-validation.
Improving the risk-benefit relationship and informed consent for patients treated with hydroxychloroquine.

Purpose To determine the prevalence of high-risk factors for hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) retinopathy and compliance with the American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO) screening guidelines at the San Francisco Veterans Affairs Medical Center (VASF) and to develop an approach to improve the risk-benefit relationship and informed consent during HCQ treatment.
Tools for Task Modelling: Where we are, Where we are headed

Task models represent the intersection between user interface design and more systematic approaches by providing designers with the means to represent and manipulate abstractions of goal-oriented activities. While task modelling and task-based design have long been considered, their adoption has been limited by the lack of tools supporting the development, interactive analysis and use of task models. This paper discusses what support can be actually useful for designers and provides a taxonomy useful to compare tools for task modelling based on the experience accumulated with the CTTE tool. Some promising future developments will also be considered.
Individually Directed Informed Consent and the Decline of the Family in the West

The traditional family—a husband and wife, together with their biological children—provides young children, adolescents, and adults with well-documented social, economic and adaptive advantages. Yet, in the West, this form of the family is in decline. A growing percentage of men and women choose not to be bound by the moral and social expectations of marriage and traditional family life and an ever more significant number of children are being born to single mothers. More than 40% of all births in the United States in 2011 were to unmarried women. Such demographic shifts are associated with important changes in underlying taken-for-granted social and sexual mores. They also reflect public policies that instantiate a hermeneutic of suspicion against the traditional family. For example, the individualistic character of the social-democratic egalitarian ideology that underlies current dominant approaches to health care policy and medical decision-making in Western Europe and North America is associated with a decline in family stability. Individually directed informed consent, for example, accents an unqualified affirmation of persons as the source of authority over themselves. This practice of informed consent tends to present persons outside of any social context in general and outside of their families in particular. The burden of proof is placed on the family to demonstrate that it acts with legitimate authority and in the best interests of individual members.
Systemic involvement in ACS: Using CMR imaging to compare the aortic wall in patients with and without acute coronary syndrome.

Background/Objectives Previous studies have demonstrated that in acute coronary syndrome (ACS), plaque destabilization and vessel inflammation, represented by vessel edema, often occur simultaneously in multiple coronaries, as well as extend to the cerebrovascular system. Our aim was to determine whether the inflammatory vascular processes occurring within the coronaries during ACS extend simultaneously to the descending aorta. Methods We prospectively enrolled 111 patients (56 ACS patients and 55 non-ACS patients with known coronary artery disease) to undergo cardiac magnetic resonance of the thoracic aortic wall at presentation and at three-month follow-up. The primary outcome was change in aortic wall area (AWA) and maximal aortic wall thickness (AWT) from baseline to three-month follow-up. Secondary outcomes were baseline and follow-up differences in AWA and AWT, and changes in C-reactive protein (CRP). Results There was a significant reduction in mean AWA (p = 0.01) and AWT (p = 0.01) between index and follow up scans in ACS group, with no significant changes in non ACS group (both p>0.1) and no difference between ACS and non-ACS groups (p = 0.22). There was no significant difference in AWA and AWT at baseline (p>0.36) and follow-up (p>0.2) between groups. There was a significant reduction in CRP in both groups (p<0.01), with higher reduction in ACS patients (p<0.01) Conclusions There was a reduction in aortic wall size, aortic wall area, and aortic wall thickness in patients presenting with ACS, and no change in non-ACS patients. There were no interval between-group differences in these measurements. We observed a reduction in C-reactive protein in both groups, with higher reduction noted in ACS patients.
“Dream More, Learn More, Care More, and Be More”: The Imagination Library Influencing Storybook Reading and Early Literacy

This study examined the free book giving program of Dolly Parton's Imagination Library and its influence upon storybook reading and early literacy within one county-wide setting in the United State...
Psychometric Properties of a Healthcare Discrimination Scale Among Young-Adult Latinos

A growing body of research has found that healthcare discrimination is a significant barrier in accessing healthcare among Latino patients. Despite evidence of the effects of perceived discrimination among Latinos, psychometric testing of scales used in previous research is limited. The present study explored the psychometric properties of a healthcare discrimination scale (HDS) among young-adult Latinos. We used data from a cross-sectional study of young-adult Latinos, primarily of Mexican heritage, living in rural Oregon. Bilingual, bicultural staff members conducted computer-assisted personal interviews matched by gender with 313 individuals who completed the interview in Spanish (n = 137) or English (n = 176). The interview guide included questions for the HDS and the experiences of discrimination (EOD) and acculturation scales, and satisfaction with healthcare services. Psychometric testing included exploratory factor analysis, internal consistency, split-half reliability, and convergent, discriminant, and predictive validity. The HDS scale had high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.92), was strongly correlated with the EOD scale (r = 0.70, p < 0.001), and weakly correlated with the acculturation scale (r = 0.17, p < 0.01). Discriminant validity was stronger among English speakers (r = − 0.06, p = 0.422). Split-half reliability was 0.87 (p < 0.001). Confirmatory factor analysis yielded a one-factor solution for both Spanish and English language respondents. The HDS was significantly associated with satisfaction with healthcare services, indicative of good predictive validity. These results suggest that the healthcare discrimination scale is a valid and reliable tool to use among Spanish and English-speaking young-adult Latinos. Further testing is needed among Latinos of other ages and background groups.
Impact of the Application Layer Protocol on Energy Consumption, 4G Utilization and Performance

The IoT communication over our data highways is growing tremendously. In future many device and machine manufacturers will transmit data from customer end-devices to data centers to improve and change the products to the customer's needs. The focus of the next decades will be on reducing energy consumption and data overhead in order to keep utilization of 4G/5G networks low. This paper analyzes two different communication approaches often used in IoT scenarios. The benchmark compares the protocol MQTT against the RESTful approach which is based on HTTP(s) in terms of energy consumption and performance. The results of this paper highlight that MQTT has strong advantages compared to REST. This is also due to the fact that these application layer protocols were specialized for IoT communication while HTTP was extended to address new requirements.
Effects of agricultural and tillage practices on isotopic signatures and fluxes of organic and inorganic carbon in headwater streams

The amounts and characteristics of carbon (C) transported by streams and rivers are strongly connected to attributes of their associated watersheds. However, the factors controlling how different land uses influence the sources and inputs of organic and inorganic C to headwater streams are not fully understood. In order to assess how land use practices specifically influence headwater stream C, the concentrations and isotopic (natural δ13C and ∆14C) signatures of dissolved inorganic C (DIC), dissolved organic C (DOC), and particulate organic C (POC) were measured between October 2008 and August 2009 in streams of six small watersheds of differing land use. Bayesian mixing models were used to estimate contributions of potential C sources to stream DIC, DOC, and POC pools. Mixing model results indicate that sources of C to streams in tilled and non-tilled corn watersheds were dominated by C4 plant biomass and soil organic C. In all other watershed types stream C was dominated by C3 plant biomass. In addition, δ13C and Δ14C values of forested stream C were unique from values in the corn, pasture, and large mixed use watersheds, and showed greater contributions from modern-aged C3 biomass. Relative to other watershed types, tilled corn agriculture showed the greatest effect on both the sources and amounts of stream C. In the tilled corn watersheds, total C (DIC + DOC + POC) fluxes were 314% higher than in the non-tilled corn watershed and 39–76% higher than in all other watersheds. Thus, land use and agricultural practices can serve as strong controls over the sources and fluxes of organic and inorganic C to streams.
A Plea for Global Consideration of Human Brain Sex Differences

This chapter addresses controversy over differences in the brain of men and woman. The brain did not evolve by itself. There are complex relationship between most parts of the body and the brain making it imperative that a plea be made to consider all aspects of anatomy and physiology. Professionals and the public should be cautious of those who deny the science of human sexual dimorphism, especially in medicine
An outcome-based review of an accredited Specialist in Blood Banking (SBB) program: 25 years and counting.

CONCLUSIONS Specialist in Blood Banking (SBB) programs play an important role in preparing technologists to become leaders and contributors to the field of transfusion medicine through dedicated education and training. The SBB program at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) Clinical Center has graduated 55 students since 1994 with an overall pass rate of 96 percent for the American Society for Clinical Pathology (ASCP) SBB examination. Graduates hold positions in a variety of transfusion medicine-related fields, with hospitals, blood centers, and Immunohematology Reference Laboratories being the most common categories of employer. Projects completed as part of the program added to transfusion medicine knowledge as evidenced by publications and awards. Almost half of all projects completed led to publications (49%), and greater than 50 percent of submissions have been selected for the AABB Future Leaders Scholarship (previously known as AABB Fenwal Scholarship Award). The students have completed over 40 program value-added opportunities. This information was available for retrieval and review. In this review, we analyzed data for the last 25 years from the SBB program at the NIH Clinical Center on program statistics, student accomplishments (such as publications in peer-reviewed journals), program value-added opportunities (such as other publications and audits performed with our Quality Assurance office), and job procurement. The collected, reviewed, and organized data provided a useful internal self-assessment to review the history of our program and head into the future.
Next-generation sequencing of residual cytologic fixative preserved DNA from pancreatic lesions: A pilot study.

Background Endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine needle aspiration (EUS-FNA) is a sensitive and specific tool in the risk stratification of pancreatic lesions, including cysts. The sensitivity and specificity of EUS-FNA has been shown to improve when cytology is combined with next-generation sequencing (NGS). Ideally, fresh cyst fluid is used for NGS. In this pilot study, we explore the possibility of sequencing DNA derived from residual alcohol-fixed pancreatic aspirates. Methods Residual cytologic fixatives (n = 42) from 39 patients who underwent EUS-FNA for pancreatic lesions were collected along with demographics, imaging, and laboratory studies. Samples were designated as nonneoplastic/nonmucinous benign (NB), mucinous cyst (MC), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), or well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumor (NET) on the basis of cytopathologic evaluation and sequenced on the Oncomine platform (ThermoFisher Scientific, Waltham, Massachusetts). Results Ten of 14 (71.4%) MCs exhibited clinically significant variants, including KRAS, GNAS, and TP53. Ten of 15 (66.7%) PDACs had KRAS alterations, and 9 of 15 (60%) showed variants in TP53. No variants were detected in any NETs. Only 1 of 9 (11.1%) NB aspirates showed variants in KRAS and MAP2K. Sequencing of formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue revealed variants identical to those detected in fixative-derived DNA in 4 of 5 cases (80%). Conclusion Residual DNA from alcohol-fixed aspirates are an underutilized source for NGS. Sequencing residual fixative-derived DNA has the potential to be integrated into the workup of pancreatic aspirates, possibly impacting management.
Motion detection based on 3D-printed compound eyes

A biologically inspired compound eye system is fabricated for the detection of object motion without the need for sophisticated image processing. The array of the artificial optical unit, called ommatidium, structurally and functionally mimics the natural compound eyes for motion detection. Each artificial ommatidium consists of polymer lenses, a light-guiding polymer cone, a 3D printing cladding, and a light intensity sensor to measure the change of light intensity during motion detection. To simplify the signal processing and improve the system reliability, low-cost light sensors, instead of CMOS/CCD arrays, are used for measuring the light intensity changes caused by object movement. The distance and speed of a moving metal ball of a pendulum were measured using the compound eye system. The measured results agree well with the theoretical analyses. The error between the measured and calculated speed is less than 2%.
Prudent testing of factor V Leiden in Ischemic stroke (P4.3-013)

Objective: To analyze the cost-effectiveness and outcome of factor V Leiden (fVL) testing in elderly patients admitted with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke. Background: fVL mutation is a known risk factor for venous thrombosis and less commonly arterial thrombosis. A hypercoagulable panel is commonly ordered in search of stroke etiology, specifically cryptogenic stroke. A positive fVL has the potential to change secondary stroke prevention strategy in select patients. However, pre-test probability declines with age. Design/Methods: This is a retrospective study of 346 consecutive cases admitted to a primary stroke center over a period of 5 years with the diagnosis of ischemic stroke and fVL testing. These cases were analyzed by age and outcome of fVL testing. Results: Total 346 patient’s charts were reviewed. 12 of the 346 (3.5%) were above age 80, 93 (26.9%) were between 60–79 and remaining 241 (69.7%) were between 40–59. All patients >80 years had a negative test, 6 out of 93 (6.5%) patients between age group of 60–79 and 10 out of 241 (4.1%) patients between 40–59 were positive for the fVL testing. All positives were of heterozygous type. Interestingly despite a negative result repeat testing was ordered in 1 patient >80, 6 patients in age group 60–79 and 6 patients in age group of 40–59. Estimated cost for fVL testing in 12 patients who were >80 years was 10,548$ and in 13 repeat testing patients was 11,427$ (listed fee for fVL testing at our facility is $879) Conclusions: Factor V Leiden mutation testing is frequently considered in the workup of ischemic stroke. Testing was negative in all patients over age 80, though rare positive results were found in patients between 40–79. By limiting duplicate testing and restricting fVL to patients under the age of 80, cost savings can be significant. Disclosure: Dr. Kovi has nothing to disclose. Dr. Noto has nothing to disclose.
Recent Advances in R-matrix Data Analysis

The analysis of resolved compound-nucleus resonances by the R-matrix method is a powerful technique. The existence of R-matrix data models can be proved for the case of Hamiltonians bounded inside some radial limit and when only two-body channels are open. Given the fit parameters of pole energies and partial widths, we have very compact representation of the energy and angular dependences for resonances and their backgrounds.
Manifold-constrained Gaussian process inference for time-varying parameters in dynamic systems

Identification of parameters in ordinary differential equations (ODEs) is an important and challenging task when modeling dynamic systems in biomedical research and other scientific areas, especially with the presence of time-varying parameters. This article proposes a fast and accurate method, TVMAGI (Time-Varying MAnifold-constrained Gaussian process Inference), to estimate both time-constant and time-varying parameters in the ODE using noisy and sparse observation data. TVMAGI imposes a Gaussian process model over the time series of system components as well as time-varying parameters, and restricts the derivative process to satisfy ODE conditions. Consequently, TVMAGI completely bypasses numerical integration and achieves substantial savings in computation time. By incorporating the ODE structures through manifold constraints, TVMAGI enjoys a principled statistical construction under the Bayesian paradigm, which further enables it to handle systems with missing data or unobserved components. The Gaussian process prior also alleviates the identifiability issue often associated with the time-varying parameters in ODE. Unlike existing approaches, TVMAGI assumes no specific linearity of the ODE structure, and can be applied to general nonlinear systems. We demonstrate the robustness and efficiency of our method through three simulation examples, including an infectious disease compartmental model.
Microhematuria in women: Prevalence of malignancy and risk score evaluation.

Abstract Objectives To 1) determine the prevalence of urologic malignancy in women evaluated for microhematuria (MH) in a large university-based urology practice, 2) describe clinical features shared by women with MH, and 3) evaluate a risk score for urologic malignancy in women with MH. Methods A retrospective chart review identified women with MH evaluated by a large, university-based urology practice between 2010 and 2020. Clinical and demographic variables associated with their evaluation, referral pattern, appropriateness of referral and evaluation, workup completed, and resulting diagnoses were reported. Patterns of repeat evaluations were also described. Patients were stratified as low-, intermediate-, or high-risk according to AUA/SUFU recommended risk stratification. Results 4456 charts resulted from an initial query based on females with ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes for MH between 2010-2020. 1730 patients (95.5% referrals v. 4.5% established urology patients) met criteria for inclusion in the study, and 1350 underwent evaluation for MH at the practice. Over 30% of referrals were considered inappropriate. 13 patients were diagnosed with urologic malignancy, all of whom were classified as intermediate- or high-risk according to AUA/SUFU criteria. Over 10% of patients had at least 2 evaluations for MH, with only 1 malignancy discovered on repeat evaluation for persistent MH. Conclusions Inappropriate referrals for MH are common. Incidence of urologic malignancy is incredibly low among women evaluated for MH, but especially among those classified as low- and intermediate-risk by new guidelines. Repeat evaluations for persistent, stable MH appear low yield in detecting malignancy.
Age- and Sex-Related Cortical Gray Matter Volume Differences in Adolescent Cannabis Users: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Voxel-Based Morphometry Studies

Introduction: Adolescent-onset cannabis use is rising in the era of marijuana legalization. Recent imaging studies have identified neuroanatomical differences between adult cannabis users and controls that are more prominent in early-onset users. Other studies point to sex-dependent effects of cannabis. Methods: A systematic review following PRISMA guidelines and subsequent effect-size seed-based d mapping (SDM) meta-analyses were conducted to investigate relationships between age (across the 12-to-21-year-old developmental window), sex, and gray matter volume (GMV) differences between cannabis using (CU) and typically developing (TD) youth. Results: Our search identified 1326 citations, 24 of which were included in a qualitative analysis. A total of 6 whole-brain voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies comparing regional GMV between 357 CU (mean [SD] age = 16.68 [1.28]; 71% male) and 404 TD (mean [SD] age = 16.77 [1.36]; 63% male) youth were included in the SDM-meta-analysis. Meta-analysis of whole-brain VBM studies identified no regions showing significant GMV difference between CU and TD youth. Meta-regressions showed divergent effects of age and sex on cortical GMV differences in CU vs. TD youth. Age effects were seen in the superior temporal gyrus (STG), with older-aged CU youth showing decreased and younger-aged CU youth showing increased STG GMV compared to age-matched TD youth. Parallel findings in the STG were also observed in relation to duration of CU (years) in supplemental meta-regressions. Regarding sex effects, a higher proportion of females in studies was associated with increased GMV in the middle occipital gyrus in CU vs. TD youth. Conclusions: These findings suggest that GMV differences between CU and TD youth, if present, are subtle, and may vary as a function of age, cumulative cannabis exposure, and sex in young people. Whether age- and sex-related GMV differences are attributable to common predispositional factors, cannabis-induced neuroadaptive changes, or both warrant further investigation.
Maryland "Embryo Adoption": Religious Entanglement in the Maryland Stem Cell Research Act of 2006

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A Longitudinal Study of Fathers' and Young Children's Depressive Symptoms.

Considerable research has examined the effects of maternal depression on children, but few studies have focused on the relation between paternal and child depressive symptoms, particularly during early childhood. Even fewer studies have been longitudinal, leaving open questions about how paternal and child depression covary over time. The present study sought to address this gap by examining the relation between fathers’ and children’s depressive symptoms over a 3-year period. Participants were 153 preschool children with behavior problems and their parents. Three longitudinal analytic approaches were used to examine how father and child depression change together and predict one another over time. Additional analyses examined whether externalizing problems or maternal depression might account for the associations between fathers’ and children’s depressive symptoms. Changes in paternal depression significantly predicted changes in father-reported and mother-reported child depressive symptoms. These effect...
The Conformational Sensitivity of DNA to Ionic Interactions in Aqueous Solutions

The circular dichroism (CD) properties of calf thymus DNA have been examined at 27 °C and pH 7 over the wavelength range of 215 to 300 nm in aqueous solutions of varying concentrations of NaCl, KCl, LiCl, CsCl, NH4C1, MgC12, CaCl2, MnC12, ZnC12, and CoC12. Regression analyses of the data were used to determine the minimum number of spectral components in each electrolyte set, their interchangeability between sets, and their relationship to the standard A, B and C crystallographic structures of DNA. The transformations of these spectra as the concentration of electrolyte increases have been interpreted in terms of a conversion of a form resembling the B conformation to the C structure for most of the sets examined. The actual ‘C’ spectral end point in ZnCl2 and CoC12 however, is similar but not identical to the C spectrum determined for the other salts. This is probably due to changes in the spectral properties of the purine bases interacting with Zn++ or Co++, rather than a dramatic difference in conformation. In LiCl, NH4Cl and CsCl, an A form appears at the higher concentrations of these salts and, finally, at the very highest concentration of LiCl, a fourth as yet unidentified component is required to account for the data. These transconformational reactions can be rationalized in terms of cationic association and the hydration of the DNA in these solutions.
Proof search tree and cut elimination

A new cut elimination method is obtained here by "proof mining" (unwinding) from the following non-effective proof that begins with extracting an infinite branch B when the canonical search tree τ for a given formula E of first order logic is not finite. The branch B determines a semivaluation so that B |= E and (*) every semivaluation can be extended to a total valuation. Since for every derivation d of E and every model M, M |= E, this provides a contradiction showing that τ is finite, ∃l(τ < l). A primitive recursive function L(d) such that τ < L(d) is obtained using instead of (*) the statement: For every r, if the canonical search tree τr+1 with cuts of complexity r + 1 is finite, then τr is finite. In our proof the reduction of (r+1)-cuts does not introduce new r-cuts but preserves only one of the branches.
Heme oxygenase-1 modulates early inflammatory responses: evidence from the heme oxygenase-1-deficient mouse.

Induction of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) is protective in tissue injury in models of allograft rejection and vascular inflammation through either prevention of oxidative damage or via immunomodulatory effects. To examine the specific role of HO-1 in modulating the immune response, we examined the differences in immune phenotype between HO-1 knockout (HO-1−/−) and wild-type (HO-1+/+) mice. Consistent with previous findings, marked splenomegaly and fibrosis were observed in HO-1−/− mice. The lymph nodes of HO-1-deficient mice demonstrated a relative paucity of CD3- and B220-positive cells, but no such abnormalities were observed in the thymus. Flow cytometric analysis of isolated splenocytes demonstrated no differences in the proportions of T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes or monocytes/macrophages between the HO-1−/− and HO-1+/+ mice. Significantly higher baseline serum IgM levels were observed in HO-1−/− versus HO-1+/+ mice. Under mitogen stimulation with either lipopolysaccharide or anti-CD3/anti-CD28, HO-1−/− splenocytes secreted disproportionately higher levels of pro-inflammatory Th1 cytokines as compared to those from HO-1+/+ mice. These findings demonstrate significant differences in the immune phenotype between the HO-1−/− and the HO-1+/+ mice. The absence of HO-1 correlates with a Th1-weighted shift in cytokine responses suggesting a general pro-inflammatory tendency associated with HO-1 deficiency.
Climate and direct human contributions to changes in mean annual streamflow in the South Atlantic, USA

[1] Streamflow responds to changing climate patterns as well as human modifications within a basin. Understanding the contribution of these different drivers to changes in streamflow provides important information regarding how to effectively and efficiently address and anticipate changes in water availability. We used Budyko curves to ascribe changes in streamflow due to climate and human factors between two time periods in both natural and human-modified basins in the South Atlantic, USA. We extended the analysis to look at the consistency of climate and human alterations in 5 year increments within those time periods. Budyko curves were calculated for each watershed to describe the average climate control on a watershed given its land cover during the period 1934–1969. We then assessed how climate and human factors contributed to altering streamflow during the period 1970–2005. We found climate contributed to increased streamflow (average of 14%) in the South Atlantic since the 1970s. Human factors varied between basins and either amplified or minimized the effect of climate on streamflow. Human impacts were equivalent to, or greater than, climate impacts in 27% of our basins. The 5 year increments showed greater variability in climate, compared to human, contributions to streamflow change through time. Ordinations showed reservoir storage and population size negatively correlated with streamflow change, while the extent of agricultural land within basins positively correlated with streamflow change. Differentiating between the distinct effects that climate and human impacts have on streamflow is increasingly necessary for managing water resources under dynamic climate and human population scenarios.
Zero-current-transition two-switch flyback pulse-width modulated DC-DC converter

This study presents a zero-current-transition (ZCT) two-switch flyback pulse-width modulated (PWM) DC–DC converter with a simple auxiliary circuit. The auxiliary circuit consists of an active switch and a clamp capacitor. The clamping diodes on the primary side of the two-switch flyback topology clamp the peak voltage across each main switch to the DC input voltage VI. This feature of the two-switch flyback converter is combined with the ZCT feature provided by a simple auxiliary circuit connected on the secondary side of the transformer, which results in a soft-switching two-switch flyback converter. Circuit description, principle of operation, steady-state analysis and design procedure of the ZCT two-switch flyback converter are presented. Simulation and experimental results from a laboratory prototype are given to validate the theoretical analysis.
Market Microstructure Effects

Empirical studies on market microstructure examine high-frequency, often trade-by-trade dynamics of prices and quotes. This article discusses available data types for different markets, data sources, and properties of high-frequency data that are important from an econometric modeling perspective. The most common modeling approaches are introduced, discussed, and compared. Keywords: market microstructure; high-frequency data; event time models; point process; transaction price dynamics; ACD-GARCH; duration
Non-16/18 high-risk HPV infection predicts disease persistence and progression in women with an initial interpretation of LSIL

BACKGROUND The current management strategy for women with low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSILs) is inefficient and expensive because of the inability to identify patients at high risk for disease progression. The current study was designed to determine the genotypic patterns of human papillomavirus (HPV) associated with the persistence and progression of cervical lesions in women with an initial interpretation of LSIL. METHODS One hundred sixty-seven women with LSIL on Papanicolaou tests collected between December 1, 2009 and March 30, 2011 were studied. HPV DNA was extracted from residual SurePath specimens, genotypes were determined with a DNA microarray containing 40 HPV genotype probes, and microarray data were confirmed by sequencing. Follow-up Papanicolaou tests and/or biopsies were performed within a 20- to 46-month period after the initial diagnosis. RESULTS Ninety-seven of the 167 cases with follow-up results were included in the study. Compared with the women with a regressed cervical lesion, those with a persistent cervical lesion (PCL) were significantly more commonly infected with high-risk human papillomavirus (HR-HPV) genotypes (P < .01) and particularly with non-16/18 HR-HPV genotypes (P < .05). The PCL group also had a significantly higher average number of HR-HPV genotypes and non-16/18 HPV genotypes per specimen (P < .01). Infection with HPV-16/18 genotypes was not significantly associated with the persistence or progression of cervical lesions. CONCLUSIONS Infection with non-16/18 HR-HPV genotypes but not with HPV-16/18 genotypes was a strong predictor of the persistence and progression of cervical disease upon follow-up. Genotyping solely for HPV-16/18 would miss the majority of patients with LSIL who progress to high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions. Pooled HR-HPV tests provide a better predictive value than HPV-16/18 genotyping alone in guiding the clinical management of patients with LSIL. Cancer (Cancer Cytopathol) 2015;123:435-42. © 2015 American Cancer Society.
Instantaneous Spatial Light Interference Microscopy.

We present Instantaneous Spatial Light Interference Microscopy (iSLIM) as a new quantitative phase method that combines the benefits of white light illumination in Zernike’s phase contrast microscopy and phase stability associated diffraction phase microscopy. iSLIM is implemented as an add-on module to a commercial phase contrast microscope, and enables new features to quantitative phase imaging: diminished speckle effects due to white light illumination, multimodal investigation potential due to overlaying with other modalities of the microscope (e.g. fluorescence, DIC, phase contrast), and spectroscopic potential due to the broad band light. We show proof of principle results by multicolor phase imaging of microsphere and red blood cells, and dynamic imaging of nanoscale cell membrane fluctuations.
On the inertial motion of a homogeneous ocean

Abstract An investigation of properties of the solutions of the steady state inviscid barotropic vorticity equation in a rectangular basin was performed for various functional relationships between potential vorticity and the streamfunction. All computed solutions which have slow interior flow and satisfy Arnol'd-Blumen condition are qualitatively similar to Fofonoff's inertial gyre. A new class of solutions with a small vortex near the boundary current is described. Such solutions are not stable under finite amplitude perturbations and instability is manifested in the drift of the vortex. It is shown that the vortex is robust and decays only after collision with the boundary or under the influence of very large perturbations. We also show that the inertial boundary current may be much wider than in Fofonoff's model due to the appearance of a countercurrent on its seaward side.
Purification and active-site characterization of equine plasma amine oxidase.

Abstract An improved purification scheme for an amine oxidase from equine plasma (EPAO), a nonruminant source, is described and the protein's active-site is characterized. EPAO is dimeric and contains one Type-2 Cu(II) ion per monomer. The EPAO Cu(II) site is spectroscopically very similar to the Cu(II) sites in other amine oxidases. Unlike the extensively investigated nonruminant amine oxidase from porcine plasma, EPAO does not display half-of-the-sites reactivity; titrations with p-nitrophenylhydrazine and phenylhydrazine indicate two active cofactors per dimer. This cofactor is determined to be the same as that of other copper-containing amine oxidases, 6-hydroxydopa quinone (topa quinone). Upon anaerobic reduction with substrate at ambient temperature, the EPR spectrum of EPAO exhibits a sharp signal at g ⋍ 2, attributable to the topa semiquinone. Equine plasma amine oxidase possesses novel in vitro substrate specificity; while other mammalian amine oxidases oxidize norepinephrine only slowly or not at all, EPAO displays significant activity toward this biogenic amine.
Personality Differences on the Rorschach of Dissociative Identity Disorder, Borderline Personality Disorder, and Psychotic Inpatients

Patients with dissociative identity disorder (DID) are often diagnosed with borderline personality disorder (BPD) and misdiagnosed with psychotic illnesses. This study is designed to determine whether the Rorschach protocols of 67 patients with DID differ from those of 40 patients with BPD and 43 patients with psychotic disorder (PSD) in variables reflecting capacity for working alliance, complexity of experience, and ability to reason despite traumatic flooding. As theoretically and clinically predicted, the DID group could be distinguished from the PSD sample by the DID group’s significantly higher level of traumatic associations alongside their more logical reasoning (e.g., Trauma Content Index [TCI], WSUM6). In comparison to the BPD group who, by definition, were also likely to dissociate and struggle with other trauma based symptoms, the DID sample showed greater social interest (Sum H), self-reflective capacity (FD; Form Dimension), ability to perceive more accurately and think more logically (X-, WSUM6). The authors discuss the treatment applications of these findings and make suggestions for further research.