cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Comparing Aerodynamic Models for Numerical Simulation of Dynamics and Control of Aircraft

Stability and control derivatives are routinely used in the design and simulation of aircraft, yet other aerodynamics models exist that can provide more accurate results for certain simulations without a large increase in computational time. In this paper, several aerodynamics models of varying fidelity are coupled with a six degrees of freedom rigid body dynamics simulation tool to model various geometries under a number of different initial conditions. The aerodynamics models considered are: stability derivatives, strip theory methods, quasi-steady vortex lattice methods, and unsteady panel methods. Through dynamic simulations using a virtual wind tunnel, differences between the various aerodynamics models are examined. The simulations that were examined were primarily concerned with the short period mode in the longitudinal direction. Initial examinations were performed on single-surface geometries and showed good agreement between all models. The follow-up simulations of conventionaland canard-type aircraft configurations showed variations due primarily to the inclusion of a wake model for domain vorticity in the vortex lattice and unsteady panel methods. Although dynamics are considered, the simulations performed did not show unsteady aerodynamics effects causing significant differences in short-period responses. This suggests that the quasi-steady approaches traditionally considered are adequate for the majority of stability and control simulations. The use of unsteady panel methods is only required when reduced frequencies increase to the point where Theodorsen’s lag function contributes significantly to the aerodynamic behavior. This would be the case for high frequency forced flapping flight, but is generally not the case for aircraft.
Coronary endothelial dysfunction is associated with increased risk of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women

Background: A growing body of evidence links coronary artery atherosclerosis and calcification to osteoporosis in women. Coronary endothelial dysfunction (CED) is regarded as an early stage of coronary atherosclerosis. We aimed to study the association of CED and development of osteoporosis. Methods: Coronary endothelial function was evaluated in 194 postmenopausal women, greater than age 50, with non-obstructive coronary arteries, by administration of intracoronary acetylcholine during diagnostic angiography. CED was defined as <50% increase in coronary blood flow (CBF) from baseline in response to maximal dose. After a median follow-up of 7 years, patients were assessed by a questionnaire for development of osteoporosis. Results: The average age of the cohort was 60.9 years + 7.4 years. Of 194 women, 119 (61.3%) had CED. 20.1% (39/194) developed osteoporosis during median follow-up period of seven years. Women who developed osteoporosis had a markedly lower response (% change) in CBF to acetylcholine administration when compared to women who did not develop osteoporosis: median (IQR) [-4.3 (-29.4, 47.6) vs. 39.9 (-7.3, 100.1) p=0.008.] In univariate analysis, coronary endothelial dysfunction was significantly associated with the development of osteoporosis (p=0.025; relative risk 2.1, 95% CI: 1.06, 4.12). Multivariate analysis adjusting for confounders revealed a similar association (p=0.024). ![Figure][1] Discussion: The current study demonstrates that coronary endothelial dysfunction is associated with and predictive of osteoporosis in postmenopausal women. This provides a potential common mechanism for the increased risk of osteoporosis in patients with coronary artery disease. [1]: pending:yes
The Infectious Diseases Society of America and the 1980s

During the past year, as I thought about the topic for this address, I considered several, some of which others have already articulated [1], and also I must admit to having been tempted, as others were [2], not to deliver a presidential address at all. I decided to share with you my thoughts and feelings regarding some of the activities that I believe the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) should concern itself with in the immediate future.
Collaborating in Research: Embedded Librarianship in the Learning Management System

ABSTRACTAcademic librarians engage students in the learning management system to provide information literacy instruction and answer individual reference questions related to scholarly research. When collaborating with faculty, embedded librarians deliver the library’s authoritative electronic resources to students working on research projects. Trends in academic publishing and technological innovations make possible online search for a generation reliant on mobile devices. Although students are able to access much digital content available through academic libraries and open access initiatives, they still appreciate guidance from embedded librarians who visit their learning management system courses to explain the complexities of scholarly research and suggest solutions.
Embryonic Stem Cell-Derived Microvesicles: Could They be Used for Retinal Regeneration?

Mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) release into the medium in which they are cultured heterogeneous populations of microvesicles (mESMVs), important components of cell-cell communication, that transfer their contents not only to other stem cells but also to cells of other origins. The purpose of these studies was to demonstrate that ESMVs could be the signals that lead the retinal progenitor Muller cells to de-differentiate and re-entry the cell cycle, followed by differentiation along retinal lineages. Indeed, we found that ESMVs induce these processes and change Muller cells’ microenvironment towards a more permissive state for tissue regeneration.
Branched Endovascular Therapy of the Distal Aortic Arch: Preliminary Results of the Feasibility Multicenter Trial of the Gore Thoracic Branch Endoprosthesis

Background Endovascular treatment for aortic arch aneurysms often requires adjunctive use of hybrid debranching procedures to maintain branch vessel perfusion. This study describes early results with a novel branched arch endograft for total endovascular repair of distal arch aneurysms. Methods This US feasibility multicenter clinical trial evaluated 22 patients (mean age, 74.1 ± 10.5 years; 54.5% male) undergoing branched thoracic endovascular aortic repair in Ishimaru zone 2. This endograft was designed with a single side branch designed to facilitate aortic coverage proximal to the left subclavian artery while maintaining branch vessel patency. The pathologic features treated included fusiform (n = 10) and saccular (n = 12) aneurysms, with a mean aortic diameter of 5.7 ± 1.1 cm. The mean preoperative left-to-right brachial index was 1.0 ± 0.1. Results The mean total treatment length was 17.6 ± 8.9 cm; 8 patients were treated with a single 10-cm graft for isolated arch disease. The primary endpoint of device delivery and branch vessel patency was achieved in 100% of patients, without 30-day death, stroke, or permanent paraplegia. The median duration of hospitalization was 4.0 days. Type I endoleaks at completion angiography were observed in 4 patients, and all resolved by 1 month without reintervention. All side branches were patent at 1 month. The Kaplan-Meier survival rate at 6 months was 94.7%. Conclusions Total endovascular repair of distal zone 2 arch aortic aneurysms can be achieved with a novel branched arch endograft. Future studies will evaluate the feasibility of this approach for aneurysms encompassing the brachiocephalic trunk and left carotid artery.
Bilateral Synchronous Testis Tumors of Different histology in a Patient with the Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Related Complex

AbstractThe incidence of bilateral testis tumors is approximately 1.5%. Of these cases the majority have the same histological status and few occur synchronously. Recently, an increased number of nonseminomatous germ cell tumors have been reported in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome population. We describe a rare case of bilateral synchronous testis tumors of different histological status (seminoma and embryonal cell carcinoma) in a patient with the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome related complex. The patient was managed with bilateral orchiectomy and retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Pathological stage was Bl. The treatment was complicated by the fact that the patient is on azidothymidine, a drug that causes bone marrow suppression as a side effect. Because of persistent neutropenia no chemotherapy was given. The patient had no evidence of disease almost 1 year after retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. (J. Urol, 144: 353-355, 1990)
Opposition without Form and Void

By August 1858 the testimony of opposition despondency and division was overwhelming. In July 1858 Charles Wood was eloquent about ‘the miserable condition of the [party] and condemned Palmerston’s recent conduct’.1 Criticism and carping continued throughout the recess. Argyll observed that the Whigs and Liberals were ‘still in chaos and [with] no prospect of an end to this condition of things’.2 Comewall Lewis came to accept that the government was, tor tne moment, unassailable.3 Graham intoned that the ‘broken fragments of the old Whig party [werej so shattered that they [could not] be pieced together again. The old stagers [had] known each other too long and too well; and they dislike[d] each other too much’.4 In January 1859 Herbert could still see no prospect ‘of the formation of an efficient party, let alone government, out of the chaos on the opposition benches’.5 Charles Villiers echoed the verdict from the Radical benches. ‘The Liberal party is too much divided and scattered at present to offer the least expectation of returning to power next year, and the people who are now in must be great blunderers if they cannot at least secure themselves for another year or two’.6
Ribonucleic Acid (RNA) Extraction

RNA analysis can be used to differentiate body tissues. Different cell types produce different mRNAs depending upon environment, stress, and other activity levels. This method can be used to differentiate semen, blood, saliva, and vaginal secretions present in a sample. This information can be used to determine ratios of body fluids present in a sample. In this experiment, mitochondrial RNA (mtRNA) will be extracted and analyzed from simulated crime scene samples containing body fluids. The RNA will be extracted using either a standard guanidine isothiocyanate-phenol-chloroform extraction or Micro Fast-Track mRNA Isolation kit. Due to the limited sample size, DNA and mRNA are co-extracted from forensic samples. After gently lysing the cells and inactivating RNases, the RNA can be separated from the DNA using affinity chromatography using oligo(dT) cellulose columns to bind the polyA+ RNA under high salt conditions. The rRNA is removed using a low salt buffer and the mRNA is eluted using a very low ionic strngth buffer. The cDNA is synthesized from the extracted mRNA using tissue-specific primers for tissue and fluids differentiation. The identified tissues will be reported.
Herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D relocates nectin-1 from intercellular contacts

Herpes simplex virus (HSV) uses the cell adhesion molecule nectin-1 as a receptor to enter neurons and epithelial cells. The viral glycoprotein D (gD) is used as a non-canonical ligand for nectin-1. The gD binding site on nectin-1 overlaps with a functional adhesive site involved in nectin-nectin homophilic trans-interaction. Consequently, when nectin-1 is engaged with a cellular ligand at cell junctions, the gD binding site is occupied. Here we report that HSV gD is able to disrupt intercellular homophilic trans-interaction of nectin-1 and induce a rapid redistribution of nectin-1 from cell junctions. This movement does not require the receptor's interaction with the actin-binding adaptor afadin. Interaction of nectin-1 with afadin is also dispensable for virion surfing along nectin-1-rich filopodia. Cells seeded on gD-coated surfaces also fail to accumulate nectin-1 at cell contact. These data indicate that HSV gD affects nectin-1 locally through direct interaction and more globally through signaling.
Oncofertility for women with gynecologic malignancies

The emerging field of oncofertility addresses fertility and the reproductive health needs for cancer patients, a key topic in cancer survivorship. Given that the standard treatment for gynecologic malignancies involves removal of reproductive organs, pelvic radiation, or chemotherapy, the effect of such treatment on fertility and options for fertility preservation are even more relevant than for other malignancies. In young women with new diagnoses of cervical, endometrial, or ovarian cancers, viable strategies for fertility preservation without compromising oncological outcome exist and should be considered. We present here a comprehensive review of the literature as it pertains to gynecologic malignancies on 1) the effects of radiation and chemotherapy on fertility, 2) fertility-sparing surgeries and the role of assisted reproductive technology, and 3) fertility preservation in adolescent girls and women with BRCA germline mutations.
The Emergence of the Mother in Oscar Wilde’s Comic Plots

This chapter focuses on Wilde’s experiments with a new gendered subjectivity in his comedies, arguing that he struggles toward creating, without completely achieving, representational change. Rose examines three of Wilde’s comedies of marriage, the most conservative dramatic form. She argues that in Wilde’s comic experiments, the figure of the mother emerges as the repository and embodiment of his unresolved search for the new. In Lady Windermere’s Fan the struggle is abandoned with regret, with the double resuscitation of the dead mother plot. In A Woman of No Importance the struggle is displaced to another culture. In The Importance of Being Earnest the marriage plot is maintained while the living mother becomes the center of the comic community, at the same time enacting the play’s most exemplary joke.
The Rhomboid Protease GlpG Promotes the Persistence of Extraintestinal Pathogenic Escherichia coli within the Gut

Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) strains are typically benign within the mammalian gut but can disperse to extraintestinal sites to cause diseases like urinary tract infections and sepsis. As occupation of the intestinal tract is often a prerequisite for ExPEC-mediated pathogenesis, we set out to understand how ExPEC colonizes this niche. A screen using transposon sequencing (Tn-seq) was performed to search for genes within ExPEC isolate F11 that are important for growth in intestinal mucus, which is thought to be a major source of nutrients for E. coli in the gut. Multiple genes that contribute to ExPEC fitness in mucus broth were identified, with genes that are directly or indirectly associated with fatty acid beta-oxidation pathways being especially important. One of the identified mucus-specific fitness genes encodes the rhomboid protease GlpG. In vitro, we found that the disruption of glpG had polar effects on the downstream gene glpR, which encodes a transcriptional repressor of factors that catalyze glycerol degradation. Mutation of either glpG or glpR impaired ExPEC growth in mucus and on plates containing the long-chain fatty acid oleate as the sole carbon source. In contrast, in a mouse gut colonization model in which the natural microbiota is unperturbed, the disruption of glpG but not glpR significantly reduced ExPEC survival. This work reveals a novel biological role for a rhomboid protease and highlights new avenues for defining mechanisms by which ExPEC strains colonize the mammalian gastrointestinal tract.
Acting on Social Determinants of Health: A Primer for Family Physicians

There is growing consensus that it is important to screen for social determinants of health in primary care and generate usable, actionable data to help physicians and practices build connections to community health resources.
Rehabilitation and Return to Play Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction

This commentary will be a discussion of the rehabilitation and return to play for athletes following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction. There is a real concern that patients who have underwent an anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction are potentially not being restored to their previous levels of athletic ability, or being prematurely cleared by their physician to resume participation in their chosen sport. This article examines the current evidence in the literature and proposes an effective template by combining the concepts of soft tissue wound healing and sound strength and conditioning principles. It is imperative that the clinician have a full understanding of each phase of rehabilitation to appropriately address the various physical deficiencies in a safe and effective manner. Regarding return-to-play criteria, a nontraditional perspective is offered to consider comparing the athlete to the standards of sport vs the traditional comparison of the athlete's contralateral side. This may help in better decision-making when it is time to recommend an athlete to resume the same activity in which the original injury was sustained.
The Drosophila model system to study tau action

The fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster, is a powerful model system for applying molecular, cellular, and genetic approaches to understanding human tauopathies, including Alzheimer's disease. Here, we provide an introduction to using Drosophila as a tauopathy model system and describe several protocols that we use to analyze human tau protein expressed in flies. Methods to detect tau expression include light and scanning electron microscopy in the fly eye, confocal microscopy of primary neuronal cultures, and preparation of tissue homogenates for separation by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with analysis by Western blotting.
Why Fans Act That Way: Using Individual Personality to Predict BIRGing and CORFing Behaviors

The purpose of the study was to examine whether personality traits predict one’s likelihood of basking in reflected glory (BIRGing) and cutting off reflected failure (CORFing) and to what extent te...
The Pre-operative and Peri-operative Period

A neurosurgical emergency can be thought of as an emergency involving the brain or spine caused by disease, infection, trauma, and complications. As with any condition requiring surgery, there is oftentimes a standard of care followed prior to surgery, during surgery and during the recovery phase. Since there is a vast array of neurosurgical conditions and emergencies, it would be difficult to touch on every one in particular. That being said, we will focus on broader categories within the context of neurosurgical emergencies.
Pre-procedural Risk Quantification for Carotid Stenting Using the CAS Score: A Report From the NCDR CARE Registry

Objectives We developed and internally validated a risk score to predict in-hospital stroke or death after carotid artery stenting (CAS). Background A tool that accurately assesses CAS risk could aid clinical decision making and improve patient selection. Methods Patients undergoing CAS without acute evolving stroke from April 2005 through June 2011 as part of the NCDR Carotid Artery Revascularization and Endarterectomy (CARE) Registry were included. In-hospital stroke or death was modeled using logistic regression with 35 candidate variables. Internal validation was achieved with bootstrapping, and model discrimination and calibration were assessed. Results A total of 271 (2.4%) primary endpoint events occurred during 11,122 procedures. Independent predictors of stroke or death included impending major surgery, previous stroke, age, symptomatic lesion, atrial fibrillation, and absence of previous ipsilateral carotid endarterectomy. The model was well calibrated with moderate discriminatory ability (C-statistic: 0.71) overall, and within symptomatic (C-statistic: 0.68) and asymptomatic (C-statistic: 0.72) subgroups. The inclusion of available angiographic variables did not improve model performance (C-statistic: 0.72, integrated discrimination improvement 0.001; p = 0.21). The NCDR CAS score was developed to support prospective risk quantification. Conclusions The NCDR CAS score, comprising 6 clinical variables, predicts in-hospital S/D after CAS. This tool may be useful to assist clinicians in evaluating optimal management, share more accurate pre-procedural risks with patients, and improve patient selection for CAS.
Distal Radius Allograft Reconstruction Utilizing a Step-Cut Technique After En Bloc Tumor Resection

Background: En bloc resection of the distal radius is a common treatment for advanced and recurrent giant cell tumors and less commonly for sarcoma. Various reconstructive options exist, including ulnar transposition, osteoarticular autograft and allograft, and allograft arthrodesis. We present a technique of reconstruction using a distal radius bulk allograft with a step-cut to allow for precise restoration of proper length and to promote bony union. Methods: Preoperative templating is performed with affected and contralateral radiographs to assess the size of the expected bony defect, location of the step-cut, and the optimal size of the distal radius allograft required. A standard dorsal approach to the distal radius is utilized, and the tumor is resected. A proximal row carpectomy is performed, and the plate/allograft construct is applied to the remaining host bone. Iliac crest bone graft is harvested and introduced at the graft-bone interface and radiocarpal arthrodesis sites. Results: We have previously reported outstanding union rates with the step-cut technique compared with a standard transverse cut. Conclusions: The technique described provides reproducible union and stabilization of the wrist and forearm with adequate function following en bloc resection of the distal radius for tumor.
The Editor's Corner. Summability Theory: a Neglected Tool of Analysis

(1989). The Editor's Corner. Summability Theory: a Neglected Tool of Analysis. The American Mathematical Monthly: Vol. 96, No. 5, pp. 421-423.
Personal Value, Biographical Identity, and Retrospective Attitudes

ABSTRACTWe all could have had better lives, yet often do not wish that our lives had gone differently, especially when we contemplate alternatives that vastly diverge from our actual life course. What, if anything, accounts for such conservative retrospective attitudes? I argue that the right answer involves the significance of our personal attachments and our biographical identity. I also examine other options, such as the absence of self-to-self connections across possible worlds and a general conservatism about value.
MCMC for large-scale geosteering inversion with a scalable MPI implementation

Inverse problems arise in many fields of science focusing on the process that explores the causal factors from which a set of measurements are observed. Compared with deterministic methods, statistical inversion is more capable of finding global optima of nonlinear inverse problems. In this paper, we propose a statistical approach based on the Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) method and its implementation with the scalable dataset under the parallel environment Message Passing Interface (MPI). Traditional MCMC method launches one chain at a time. Our approach can simultaneously launch multiple Markov chains for one inverse problem. By calculating the data misfit and applying proper clustering algorithms, we can get a good estimation of the formation parameters from different inversion results. Numerical experimental evidences show that our parallel approach has better performance than traditional approaches. Meanwhile, it requires much less computational time with appropriate resource allocation.
Applying mathematical programming to reserve selection

During the last 10–15 years heuristic methods have been developed for problems in optimal reserve selection. Unfortunately, there is no guarantee that heuristics will find optimal solutions. In recognizing this limitation, analysts have formulated reserve selection problems as set covering problems, for which matrix reduction and integer (0/1) programming can be used to find optimal solutions. In this paper we restate the set covering formulation and review solution techniques. A new 0/1 programming model, which is a generalization of the set covering model, is then presented and applied to a hypothetical reserve selection problem. Objectives of minimizing the number of sites selected and maximizing the number of species represented are addressed. Solutions which characterize the tradeoffs between these objectives provide a rich set of information for planners and decision makers. Applications of mathematical programming to related problems in land use planning and forestry are also discussed.
The prognostic role of gender, race and human papillomavirus (HPV) in oropharyngeal squamous cell cancer (OPC) and non-oropharyngeal head and neck squamous cell cancer (non-OP HNC).

6068Background: HPV tumor status is a well-established prognostic marker in OPC. Gender and racial/ethnic differences in prognosis have not been well explored in OPC due to limited numbers of women...
Doing violence, making race: lynching and white racial group formation in the U.S. South, 1882–1930

Scholarship on racial violence has advanced considerably in recent years. An earlier focus on intergroup tensions and competition has not been adequate to explain the occurrence, tenacity, and brut...
Lack of thiazide diuretic inhibition of agonist constriction of mouse mesenteric arterioles ex vivo.

The chronic reduction of arterial blood pressure by thiazide diuretics (TZD) in hypertensive patients is mediated through an extra-renal mechanism. It is widely held that this extra-renal mechanism is a direct TZD inhibition of vasoconstriction. This study tested whether the TZD, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ), inhibited agonist constriction of mesenteric arterioles ex vivo. Mice deficient in the kidney distal convoluted tubule Na+/Cl− cotransporter (NCC), i.e., the target of thiazide inhibition–mediated diuresis, and wild type (WT), were subjected to Na+-restricted diet. Mesenteric arterioles from NCC knockout and WT mice were then isolated, placed under constant pressure, and the inhibitory effects of HCTZ (100 μM) on phenylephrine constriction determined. HCTZ did not inhibit phenylephrine constriction of arterioles from NCC knockout and wild type (WT) mice subjected to Na+-restricted diet. This study suggests that future investigations to identify the extra-renal site of chronic TZD treatment should (1) focus on indirect inhibition of vascular constriction and (2) be determined under clinically relevant conditions. These conditions include chronic TZD at relevant concentrations in hypertensive animals.
Industrial Monitoring and Troubleshooting Based on LoRa Communication Technology

This paper presents design and implementation of a real-time monitoring and troubleshooting system using Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) technology operating based on LoRa protocol. The main focus in this study was given to applications in industry, where most of the machinery are conventional and do not support modern digital data communication technologies common for factory networking. The general procedure and the details of implementation are presented through a prototype implementation performed on production machines of a food-processing plant. Proposed system consists of LoRA-based wireless motes that record the variations in operating temperature and vibrations on production machines through sensors and, wirelessly report summary data in real-time to a developed monitoring software interface for system diagnostics, troubleshooting and preventative maintenance.
The effect of rumination on recall of emotional words: comparison of dysphoric individuals with and without a history of nonsuicidal self-injury

Prior research and theory has suggested that rumination plays a role in nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), and rumination increases recall of negative autobiographical information in dysphoric individuals. Across two studies, we investigated whether rumination (versus distraction) differentially influences the recall of emotional words among dysphoric persons with and without a history of NSSI. Participants encoded unpleasant, neutral, and pleasant words and then were randomly assigned to either focus on the meaning and consequences of their emotions (i.e. rumination) or unrelated thoughts (i.e. distraction) before they were asked to recall encoded words. Across the two studies, we did not find a significant effect of rumination on memory for emotional words among dysphoric people with (Studies 1 and 2) or without a history of NSSI (Study 1). We did find that people were more likely to remember neutral words as opposed to unpleasant or pleasant words across studies, regardless of rumination condition. Together, results from these two well-powered studies provide fairly compelling evidence that rumination after encoding has little to no effect on recall for emotional words in people elevated on symptoms of depression or with NSSI history. These findings can be used to refine theories of rumination and NSSI.
Credit card delinquency: How much is the Internet to blame?

Abstract This study examines whether Internet access makes households more vulnerable to credit card delinquencies. It is presumed, for a variety of reasons, that online accessibility increases opportunities to spend more. By using the Survey of Consumer Finance and the probit model, this paper shows a positive relationship between Internet access and credit card delinquencies. At the sample mean, the probability of delinquency increases by 0.474 for households with Internet access compared to those with no access. This result is robust to an alternative definition of delinquency. However, the impact is not uniform across different household subgroups, and the results suggest that with Internet access, lower income households, male households, White households, non-senior households, and married households are more likely to become delinquent.
Provenance and recycling of detrital zircons from Cenozoic Altiplano strata and the crustal evolution of western South America from combined U-Pb and Lu-Hf isotopic analysis

Abstract U-Pb and Hf isotopic data of detrital zircons from Cenozoic Altiplano strata in southern Peru reveal the sediment provenance and crustal evolution of western South America. eHf(t) values range from − 32 to 13 (− 15.2 to 9.3 at 2σ). Results show five dominant age populations > 1300, 1300–900, 800–500, 350–200, and
Managing the hidden costs of coordination

Some initial considerations to control cognitive costs for incident responders include: (1) assessing coordination strategies relative to the cognitive demands of the incident; (2) recognizing when...
Bone Health Outcomes in a Large, Diverse Pediatric Cohort Undergoing Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant

Introduction Impaired bone mineral density (BMD) is a known complication of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) in adults and may lead to increased fracture risk. Little is known in pediatrics about the risks for impaired BMD and fragility fractures after HSCT. Factors that may influence the risk of bone disease include diagnosis, glucocorticoid exposure and GVHD. Our study aims to describe the incidence of fragility (low trauma) fractures in a large diverse pediatric HSCT population and to identify risk factors of fracture and impaired BMD. Methods We included 237 patients (age ≤ 21 years at time of transplant) who underwent HSCT at our institution between January 2015 and March 2018. Demographics are shown in Table 1. The primary endpoint was incidence of fragility fractures and the secondary endpoint was assessment of BMD on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). We analyzed DXA results at one-year post-HSCT in 72 out of 206 patients alive at 1 year. Results Fragility fracture data is shown in Table 2. Mortality at one-year was proportionally higher, though not significant (p=0.11) in patients who had at least one fragility fracture (24%; 6/25) compared to patients without fragility fracture (12%; 25/212). Vitamin D status at one-year post transplant was sufficient (>20ng/mL) in 94% (160/171) of patients. The median height-for-age adjusted Z-score (HAZ) for spine BMD at one-year post transplant was 0.13 in all patients. The median HAZ spine BMD Z-score in patients with fragility fracture was -1.64, though data was available for only 5 patients. Conclusion The incidence of fragility fractures after pediatric HSCT is striking and is higher than in adult populations. Furthermore, there are likely additional asymptomatic patients with occult fractures not detected in out cohort. The high incidence of fragility fractures seen in this study advocates for establishing bone health screening protocols with attention toward spinal imaging in pediatric patients undergoing HSCT.
Abstract 192: The Relationship of Platelet-leukocyte Aggregates and Early Brain Injury After Subarachnoid Hemorrhage

Introduction: Acute brain injury incurred after aneurysm rupture in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) is a major predictor of poor functional outcome. We hypothesize that platelet-leukocyte aggregates ...
Activation of Receptor Tyrosine Kinases Mediates Acquired Resistance to MEK Inhibition in Malignant Peripheral Nerve Sheath Tumors

Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors often arise in patients with neurofibromatosis type 1 and are among the most treatment-refractory types of sarcoma. Overall survival in patients with relapsed disease remains poor, and thus novel therapeutic approaches are needed. NF1 is essential for negative regulation of RAS activity and is altered in about 90% of MPNST. A complex interplay of upstream signaling and parallel RAS-driven pathways characterizes NF1-driven tumorigenesis, and inhibiting more than one RAS effector pathway is therefore necessary. To devise potential combination therapeutic strategies, we identified actionable alterations in signaling that underlie adaptive and acquired resistance to MEK inhibitor (MEKi). Using a series of proteomic, biochemical, and genetic approaches in an in vitro model of MEKi resistance provided a rationale for combination therapies. HGF/MET signaling was elevated in the MEKi-resistant model. HGF overexpression conferred resistance to MEKi in parental cells. Depletion of HGF or MET restored sensitivity of MEKi-resistant cells to MEKi. Finally, a combination of MEK and MET inhibition demonstrated activity in models of MPNST and may therefore be effective in patients with MPNST harboring genetic alterations in NF1.
Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Specificity in Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn's Disease.

Background: Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) represents multifactorial chronic inflammatory conditions in the gastrointestinal tract and includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC). Despite similarities in pathobiology and disease symptoms, UC and CD represent distinct diseases and exhibit diverse therapeutic responses. While studies have now confirmed that IBD is associated with dramatic changes in the gut microbiota, specific changes in the gut microbiome and associated metabolic effects on the host due to CD and UC are less well-understood. Methods: To address this knowledge gap, we performed an extensive unbiased meta-analysis of the gut microbiome data from five different IBD patient cohorts from five different countries using QIIME2, DIAMOND, and STAMP bioinformatics platforms. In-silico profiling of the metabolic pathways and community metabolic modeling were carried out to identify disease-specific association of the metabolic fluxes and signaling pathways. Results: Our results demonstrated a highly conserved gut microbiota community between healthy individuals and IBD patients at higher phylogenetic levels. However, at or below the order level in the taxonomic rank, we found significant disease-specific alterations. Similarly, we identified differential enrichment of the metabolic pathways in CD and UC, which included enriched pathways related to amino acid and glycan biosynthesis and metabolism, in addition to other metabolic pathways. Conclusions: In conclusion, this study highlights the prospects of harnessing the gut microbiota to improve understanding of the etiology of CD and UC and to develop novel prognostic, and therapeutic approaches.
Type I IFN Activating Type I Dendritic Cells for Antitumor Immunity

Immune checkpoint inhibitors are successful immunotherapy modalities that enhance CD8+ T-cell responses. Although T cells are initially primed in draining lymph nodes, the mechanisms that underlie their reactivation inside the tumor microenvironment are less clear. Recent studies have found that not only is the cross-priming of conventional type 1 dendritic cells (cDC1) required to initiate CD8+ T-cell responses during tumor progression, but it also plays a central role in immunotherapy-mediated reactivation of tumor-specific CD8+ T cells for tumor regression. Moreover, many cancer treatment modalities trigger type I IFN responses, which play critical roles in boosting cDC1 cross-priming and CD8+ T-cell reactivation. Inducing type I IFNs within tumors can overcome innate immune resistance and activate antitumor adaptive immunity. Here, we review recent studies on how type I IFN-cDC1 cross-priming reactivates CD8+ T cells and contributes to tumor control by cancer immunotherapy.
O progresso como disrupção social em O alienista de Machado de Assis e A nova Califórnia de Lima Barreto

A partir de uma inconsistente concepcao de sanidade, o doutor Simao Bacamarte, de O alienista , tenta levar uma vaga nocao de progresso ao povoado de Itaguai, perseguindo a erradicacao da insânia . Com sua fe excessiva em uma ciencia limitada, e em nome de um progresso positivista, ele impoe uma ideia de progresso que e nebulosa e enviesada, ao mesmo tempo, ignorando seu impacto disruptivo e o que Emile Durkheim descreve como anomie . Em sua novela, Machado de Assis desafia a nocao do progresso no auge do positivismo no Brasil, no comeco da Primeira Republica, simulando sua utilizacao na sociedade. Ja em A nova California , quase tres decadas mais tarde, diante da desilusao trazida pelo fracasso do projeto da Primeira Republica, Lima Barreto tambem desafia uma fe totalizante na ciencia da altura, que tinha prometido trazer grandes avancos de cunho politico-social. Se em seu hubris Bacamarte falha, simplificando a complexidade da psicologia humana, Barreto aproveita a hesitacao do conto fantastico para posicionar o leitor num espaco liminar no qual e dificil distinguir entre a ciencia e a alquimia. Assim, na misteriosa figura de Raimundo Flamel, o papel de salvador, atribuido a ciencia contemporânea e o progresso, desestabiliza o curso da sociedade.
Using photovoice and emotional maps to understand transitional urban neighborhoods

Abstract The built environment influences our use and experience of place, as well as emotions and well-being. It is important to understand how people associate emotions with urban places, or create “subjective” urban experiences in order to regenerate neighborhoods that are sensitive to our mental and emotional health and well-being. In this study, we analyzed photovoice-generated photos (n = 265), focus group and interview transcripts, and emotional maps as part of a brownfield revitalization planning effort in a post-industrial transitional neighborhood of Philadelphia, USA. We coded 13 themes to represent places, spaces, or topics and documented eight primary emotions associated with the photos. Joy was the most mentioned emotion, although the total number of negative emotions (e.g., sadness, anger, and disgust) far exceeded positive ones. Emotional maps revealed positive and negative hotspots and displayed how a single location or topic could trigger multiple contrasting or complementary emotions. A major contribution of this study is its methodological novelty of creating emotional maps with data collected from photovoice, interviews, and focus groups. Another contribution is an innovative community engagement approach involving underrepresented stakeholders in the process of planning for the revitalization of a transitional neighborhood facing pressure from development and gentrification.
On Error Correlation and Accuracy of Nearest Neighbor Ensemble Classifiers.

Recent empirical work has shown that combining predictors can lead to significant reduction in generalization error. Unfortunately, many combining methods do not improve nearest neighbor (NN) classifiers at all. This is because NN methods are very robust with respect to variations of a data set. In contrast, they are sensitive to input features. We exploit the instability of NN classifiers with respect to different choices of features to generate an effective and diverse set of NN classifiers. Interestingly, the approach takes advantage of the high dimensionality of the data. We investigate techniques to decorrelate errors while keeping the individual classifiers accurate. We analyze the results both in terms of error rates and error correlations. The experimental results show that our technique can offer significant performance improvements with respect to competitive methods.
Direct digitalization of the myocardium: Hemodynamic effects☆

Abstract Administration of the short-acting digitalis preparation acetyl strophanthidin directly into the left main coronary artery in dogs causes an increase in left ventricular dp/dt and a fall in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, but no change in aortic mean pressure, heart rate, or cardiac output. With peripheral infusion of acetyl strophanthidin, however, arteriolar vasoconstriction, rise in aortic pressure and increased afterload to contraction occur and result in diminished cardiac output and rise in left ventricular end-diastolic pressure; bradycardia also occurs. Because of these changes in pressure and rate with systemic digitalization, derived hemodynamic variables such as stroke power are unreliable indicators of a change in contractility. The data indicate that digitalis has a direct myocardial positive inotropic effect manifested by an increase in rate of pressure development and improvement in the ventricular function curve of the left ventricle.
GEL DIFFUSION TECHNIQUE IN ANTIGEN-ANTIBODY REACTIONS OF ACTINOMYCES SPECIES AND “ANAEROBIC DIPHTHEROIDS”

Abstract King, Sylvia (Hektoen Institute, Chicago, Ill.) and Esther Meyer. Gel diffusion technique in antigen-antibody reactions of Actinomyces species and “anaerobic diphtheroids.” J. Bacteriol. 85:186–190. 1963.—The Ouchterlony agar gel diffusion test was used to establish antigenic patterns produced by Actinomyces israelii, A. bovis, and A. naeslundii, as compared with those of “anaerobic diphtheroids.” The organisms studied included Actinomyces species isolated from cases of human and bovine actinomycosis, and from the normal oral cavity of human volunteers. The “anaerobic diphtheroids” were obtained from a variety of clinical conditions. A. israelii was serologically distinct from A. bovis, and A. naeslundii shared a minor component with the other two Actinomyces species. There were no cross reactions between the “anaerobic diphtheroids” and any of the Actinomyces species.
Performance Analysis of Two Case Studies for a Power Line Communication Network

Power line communication (PLC) is a promising technique for information transmission using existing power lines. We analytically model a finite-source PLC network subject to channel failure and evaluate its call-level performance through a queueing theoretic framework. The proposed PLC network model consists of a base station (BS), which is located at a transformer station and connected to the backbone communication networks, and a number of subscriber stations that are interconnected with each other and with the BS via the power line transmission medium. An orthogonal frequency division multiplexing based transmission technique is assumed to be used for providing the transmission channels in a frequency spectrum. The channels are subject to failure during service due to noise/disturbance. When a channel is in failure, its associated call may be simply dropped from the system or wait at the channel until the channel is recovered. We analyze both cases and determine the steady-state solution for each of them and derive several performance metrics of interest. Numerical and simulation results are presented for the purpose of performance evaluation and comparison. The proposed modeling method can be used for evaluation and design of future PLC networks.
The Photographic Studio of the 21st Century

A studio may be defined simply as a space a photographer would make photographs. The studio may also be considered a space that has been designed for and equipped with equipment specifically for the objective of making photographs. Studios may be described as the whole space where a photographer works even though some regions of this space may not be directly used for the making of photographs. Because photography followed painting, early studios were modeled after painters' studios. A studio would need to have at least one large window or a skylight to be operational. Having a lot of light was important because of the slow emulsions of the time and the minimal availability of artificial lighting. The quality of the light could be adjusted using large translucent curtains. With the advent of electricity, all of that changed in significant ways with many lighting choices coming onto the market at the time of its invention. Today, contemporary studio lighting is almost always accomplished using artificial light, however, some photographers still make use of window light where appropriate. The famous English portrait photographer Lord Snowdon uses natural light exclusively in his studio.
Professionnalisme, internationalisme, universalisme

En se basant sur une recherche anthropologique realisee aupres de medecins finnois du Comite International de la Croix-Rouge (CICR) qui ont travaille dans des zones de guerre et de conflits a travers le monde, cet article examine les politiques et l’ethique de la neutralite, de l’internationalisme et du professionnalisme. Celles-ci seront considerees en relation avec les debats actuels portant sur l’universalisme.
Mainstreaming Students with Learning Disabilities: Are We Making Progress?

This study investigated placement practices for students with learning disabilities over the past 11 years, as reported in the Annual Reports to Congress on the Implementation of P.L. 94–142. From 1979 to 1989, the placement rate for students with learning disabilities being educated in restrictive, separate-class settings almost doubled. Moreover, the proportion of all students with learning disabilities served in separate-class settings increased 4.4%. Little progress is being made toward mainstreaming students with learning disabilities. The article discusses implications of these findings for reform in the provision of special education services.
Collagenase synthesis in clonal rabbit odontoblast-like cells (RP cells)

Post-confluent cultures of cloned rabbit odontoblast-like cells (RP: Rabbit Pulp cells) produced latent collagenase, which was isolated from serum-containing culture media by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography. RP collagenase was purified 4,420-fold from serum-containing medium to a specific activity of 1,313 units/mg with a yield of 14% by heparin-Sepharose affinity chromatography, carboxymethyl-cellulose ion-exchange chromatography, and by immunoadsorption chromatography. The RP cell culture appears to be a suitable model to use for studying collagenase synthesis in mineralized tissue-forming cells and for elucidating the mechanism of collagen degradation in pulp tissue and dentin matrix.
THE EFFECT OF SOME ADDITIVES ON THE BURNING RATE OF LIQUID HYDRAZINE

The effect of some additives on the burning rate of liquid hydrazine in a nitrogen atmosphere