cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Fast and high-order solutions to the spherical shallow water equations

Abstract Fast methods for computing the spatial derivatives of functions on the sphere are studied for use in explicit time-stepping approximations to the spherical shallow water equations. Filtering must be used to stabilize these methods, and attention is directed to Fourier and spherical harmonic filtering. Selected model problem results and filter timings are presented. Preliminary results indicate that spectral results can be achieved in approximately one-third the time of the spectral transform method.
Extension of Jones' theory on index to arbitrary factors

V. Jones' theory on index of (II1−) subfactors is generalized to arbitrary factors. The main technical tools are Connes' spatial theory and Haagerup's theory on operator-valued weights.
Agency Resistance to Outcome Measurement Sources, Concerns, and Solutions

We are now well into the second decade of the “outcomes” revolution, the increasing expectation on the part of funders that social and human services agencies report on the impacts or outcomes of t...
3'-coterminal subgenomic RNAs and putative cis -acting elements of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 reveals 'unique' features of gene expression strategy in the genus Ampelovirus

The family Closteroviridae comprises genera with monopartite genomes, Closterovirus and Ampelovirus, and with bipartite and tripartite genomes, Crinivirus. By contrast to closteroviruses in the genera Closterovirus and Crinivirus, much less is known about the molecular biology of viruses in the genus Ampelovirus, although they cause serious diseases in agriculturally important perennial crops like grapevines, pineapple, cherries and plums. The gene expression and cis-acting elements of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus 3 (GLRaV-3; genus Ampelovirus) was examined and compared to that of other members of the family Closteroviridae. Six putative 3'-coterminal subgenomic (sg) RNAs were abundantly present in grapevine (Vitis vinifera) infected with GLRaV-3. The sgRNAs for coat protein (CP), p21, p20A and p20B were confirmed using gene-specific riboprobes in Northern blot analysis. The 5'-termini of sgRNAs specific to CP, p21, p20A and p20B were mapped in the 18,498 nucleotide (nt) virus genome and their leader sequences determined to be 48, 23, 95 and 125 nt, respectively. No conserved motifs were found around the transcription start site or in the leader sequence of these sgRNAs. The predicted secondary structure analysis of sequences around the start site failed to reveal any conserved motifs among the four sgRNAs. The GLRaV-3 isolate from Washington had a 737 nt long 5' nontranslated region (NTR) with a tandem repeat of 65 nt sequence and differed in sequence and predicted secondary structure with a South Africa isolate. Comparison of the dissimilar sequences of the 5'NTRs did not reveal any common predicted structures. The 3'NTR was shorter and more conserved. The lack of similarity among the cis-acting elements of the diverse viruses in the family Closteroviridae is another measure of the complexity of their evolution. The results indicate that transcription regulation of GLRaV-3 sgRNAs appears to be different from members of the genus Closterovirus. An analysis of the genome sequence confirmed that GLRaV-3 has an unusually long 5'NTR of 737 nt compared to other monopartite members of the family Closteroviridae, with distinct differences in the sequence and predicted secondary structure when compared to the corresponding region of the GLRaV-3 isolate from South Africa.
Water-deficit-induced translational control in Nicotiana tabacum

The effect of prolonged water deficit on mRNA translation was quantitatively analysed in apical and basal leaves of whole tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) plants. The level of large polysomes (six or more ribosomes per mRNA) was significantly higher in apical than basal leaves under well-watered conditions. In both young and old leaves, water deficit caused a progressive reduction in levels of polysomes with concomitant increases in 80S monosomes, indicative of reduced initiation of translation. Despite the global reduction in polysome formation over 144 h of water deficit, the water-deficit-induced putative lipid transfer protein (ltp) mRNA was associated with large polysomes and LTP content increased. Osmotin (osm) mRNA, another water-deficit-induced transcript, also remained associated with large polysomes during prolonged water deficit. In contrast, mRNAs encoding the non-stress proteins ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase small subunit (rbcS) and eukaryotic initiation factor 4A (eIF4A) decreased in abundance and shifted to small polysomes and non-polysomal complexes, indicating that initiation of translation of these mRNAs was impaired by water deficit. These results show that translational regulation is a component of the water-deficit response and the differential translation of individual mRNAs is distinct in leaves of different age.
The Practice of Correlation Between the German Language and Other Subjects1

Author's Summary— The author discusses his successful practice of correlation in connection with his language classes and the Deutscher Verein and with a course on German civilization. The results of correlation are certain to be favorable, if enduring cultural values only are emphasized and full regard is shown for the student's whole personality.
Processing abilities associated with phonologic and orthographic skills in adult learning disability

Measures of orthographic and phonologic skills were related to co-normed Woodcock Johnson-Revised (WJ-R) cognitive measures in 138 college age, learning problem adults. Only orthographic deficits were associated with a processing disorder (p<.001). Selective processing abilities were associated with phonologic (p<.001, δadj R2=.053) and orthographic (p<.001, δadj R2=.047) skills after removal of variance associated with general intelligence. Analyses found common processing abilities across both phonologic and orthographic skills for WJ-R visual processing (–Gv) and short-term memory processing factors (Gsm) (p<.001). Cluster analysis established a phonologic deficit and a double deficit (phonologic and orthographic) group. Discussion relates results to the differences between adult and child reading decoding deficits, the lack of a selective orthographically impaired subtype of dyslexia, and the evidence of visual processing compensation for reading problems.
New Element Mendelevium, Atomic Number 101

We have produced and chemically identified for the first time a few atoms of the element with atomic number 101. Very intense helium ion bombardments of tiny targets of 99{sup 253} have produced a few spontaneously fissionable atoms which elute in the eka-thulium position on a cation resin column.
Recognizing Contributions: Face–Support and Face-Threat Influences Students’ Emotional and Communicative Responses

This study examined students’ anticipated responses to inequitable group situations where they imagined they were the primary contributors to the group's success. Participants (N = 315), assigned to 1 of 3 conditions (e.g., no verbal recognition, personal verbal recognition via saying “thank you” away from the teacher's presence, and verbal recognition in front of the teacher) completed emotional and anticipated communication responses scales. Those who did not receive verbal recognition reported greater negative emotional responses than those who imagined verbal recognition in front of the teacher. Those who received verbal recognition in front of the teacher anticipated reduced antisocial responses.
Condensation of cinnamonitriles with arylacetonitriles

Abstract The Michael addition of arylacetonitriles to Michael acceptors such as α,β-unsaturated nitriles occurred with a stoichiometric amount of sodium ethoxide to give only the 1,4-addition product in pure diastereomeric form. The structures of the reaction products were established by infrared, H-1 and C-13 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy as well as by elemental analysis. The diastereomeric purity was determined by chromatographic and NMR measurements using achiral lanthanide shift reagents techniques. The observed resonances did not show any resolution of the diastereomeric proton signals. The stereochemistry and absolute configuration of the condensation product were established from X-ray crystallography.
Homeostatic Regulation of AMPA Receptor Trafficking and Degradation by Light-Controlled Single-Synaptic Activation

During homeostatic adjustment in response to alterations in neuronal activity, synaptic expression of AMPA receptors (AMPARs) is globally tuned up or down so that the neuronal activity is restored to a physiological range. Given that a central neuron receives multiple presynaptic inputs, whether and how AMPAR synaptic expression is homeostatically regulated at individual synapses remain unclear. In cultured hippocampal neurons we report that when activity of an individual presynaptic terminal is selectively elevated by light-controlled excitation, AMPAR abundance at the excited synapses is selectively downregulated in an NMDAR-dependent manner. The reduction in surface AMPARs is accompanied by enhanced receptor endocytosis and dependent on proteasomal activity. Synaptic activation also leads to a site-specific increase in the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4 and polyubiquitination levels, consistent with AMPAR ubiquitination and degradation in the spine. These results indicate that AMPAR accumulation at individual synapses is subject to autonomous homeostatic regulation in response to synaptic activity.
Differential Item Functioning for Lesbians, Bisexual, and Heterosexual Women in the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale

This study assessed whether the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) functions equivalently in assessing depressive symptom severity in lesbian, bisexual, and heterosexual women. Using differential item functioning methods, the authors examined (a) whether there is a bias in CES-D total scores and in individual item scores and (b) whether there are differences across female sexuality groups in the construct of depression assessed by the CES-D. Data were collected anonymously online from 273 women. The CES-D total score was unbiased across groups, but there were biases and construct differences in some individual symptoms. Thus, the findings suggest not only that researchers and clinicians can feel secure in using the CES-D in women of different sexual orientations but also that there may be interesting group differences in the manifestation of particular depressive symptoms.
Aposn Performance Under the Man and Wan Environments

The All-Photonic Overlaid Star Network (APOSN) provides a simple architecture for high-speed backbone networks using available optical technologies. We consider in this paper a distributed signaling and scheduling protocol to enable prompt responding and flexible control of traffic demands. A contention-based approach is used for bandwidth allocation, and there is no coordination among the edge switches and the edge switches transmit traffic to the egress switches via the core switch at any time. Two schemes are considered here: the Optical Burst Switching (OBS) operation that is random, as opposed to the more orderly scheduled Distributed TDM (DTDM). By studying the operation ranges of various typical parameters for these two schemes as well as their variants, we are able to provide performance tradeoffs and insights into the effect of system parameter settings.
Gender and diversity considerations in surgical training

In this article, we consider the current status of women in surgical training. We review the current distribution of women in surgical training programs. We consider some of the factors in medical school that may influence medical student perceptions of surgical careers. We identify the special circumstances women may face during their training. We propose some measures that may enhance the value of a surgical career for women, and in so doing, likely improve the quality of surgical training for all prospective surgeons.
Adrenal steroid release by vinblastine sulfate and its contribution to vinblastine sulfate effects on rat thymus.

Abstract Measurement of plasma 11-hydroxycorticosteroid levels after vinblastine sulfate (VLB) injection (1 mg/kg) into nonadrenalectomized rats showed that corticosteroid levels were elevated by a factor of two over control level within 3 hr after injection, increasing to a factor of four within 12 hr. Since adrenal steroids were known to cause thymic involution associated with an inhibition of nucleic acid synthesis, VLB effects on thymus were compared in adrenalectomized and nonadrenalectomized rats. VLB (0.33–1.0 mg/kg) caused thymic weight loss in adrenalectomized rats. Incorporation of [14C]thymidine and [3H]uridine into cold-acid-insoluble material by thymocytes, obtained from adrenalectomized rats after they had been injected with similar doses of VLB, was also inhibited. The magnitude of each of these effects was similar to that seen in nonadrenalectomized rats. It was concluded that adrenal steroid release did not play a major role in the thymolytic effects of VLB. Adrenalectomized rats were shown to be more sensitive to the lethal effects of VLB than were nonadrenalectomized rats. Small doses of cortisol administered simultaneously with VLB could protect rats from the lethal effects of this agent.
Detecting FET Stuck-Open Faults in CMOS Latches And Flip-Flops

The authors present evidence that conventional tests cannot detect FET stuck-open faults in several CMOS latches and flip-flops. Examples are given to show that stuck-open faults can change static latches and flip-flops into dynamic devices?a danger to circuits whose operation requires static memory, since undetected FET stuck-open faults can cause malfunctions. Designs are given for several memory devices in which all single FET stuck-open faults are detectable. These memory devices include common latches, master-slave flip-flops, and scan-path flip-flops that can be used in applications requiring static memory elements whose operation can be reliably ascertained through conventional fault testing methods.
Prostatic mucinous adenocarcinoma

Primary mucinous adenocarcinoma of the prostate is rare. It is necessary to exclude extraprostatic primary sources, particularly from the gastrointestinal tract and the urinary bladder. Immunoperoxidase stain can serve the purpose of differential diagnosis. Usually, the presence of mucin in prostatic carcinoma is associated with a less aggressive tumor.
Comparison of surgeries for removal of primary vestibular inputs: A combined anatomical and behavioral study in rats

Unilateral removal of Scarpa's ganglion and neurectomy of the peripheral vestibular nerve branches were compared in rats as methods to eliminate primary vestibular input. Ocular nystagmus was consistently observed after both types of lesion, but it completely disappeared within 4 to 7 days. Imbalance and rotation were more serious and prolonged after ganglionectomy than after peripheral neurectomy. Corresponding with these differences in symptoms were differences in terminal degeneration. After ganglionectomy, degenerated axons and terminals were distributed throughout all terminal regions of primary vestibular fibers on the lesioned side, while after peripheral neurectomy, the degeneration was more limited. The results of this study suggest that vestibular ganglionectomy is a more successful approach than peripheral vestibular neurectomy for removing the primary vestibular input.
Design and Performance of Tailored EDOF Digital Cameras

Extended depth of field cameras have been designed and evaluated with f/# 2.2 to 2.5 and superior image quality with diffraction-limited performance is obtained from 125 mm to infinity as verified by slanted edge and Strehl ratio tests.
Impact of Cotesia flavipes (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) as an augmentative biocontrol agent for the sugarcane borer (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) on rice

Abstract A 2-year field cage experiment was conducted in Beaumont, Texas to estimate parasitism of sugarcane borer, Diatraea saccharalis (F.), by Cotesia flavipes (Cameron) on rice. A lab experiment showed that the number of hosts parasitized per female per day reached a maximum (0.961) at 28 °C. Parasitized larvae recovered from the field experiment produced an average of 27.9 ± 19.1 ( x ¯ ± s.d.) parasitoids, with a 2.57:1 (female/male) sex ratio. A cohort-based age-structured model was developed to simulate the population dynamics and economic impact of sugarcane borer and C. flavipes in rice, as affected by overwintering larval density, timing and rate of parasitoid aerial release, and year-to-year climate (temperature and rainfall). The results suggest the cumulative seasonal damaging larval density (3rd or later instars) is negatively correlated with winter temperature, while maximum parasitoid density and maximum proportion parasitized are positively correlated with the cumulative seasonal damaging larval density. C. flavipes was most effective when released 40 or 50 days after rice planting, with simulated yield loss reduced by up to 50.9% when the release rate was 10 females and 4 males m−2. The maximum simulated economic benefit ($59.48 ha−1) is ca. 6.7% of that provided by insecticide-based control, which occurred when the release rate was 1 female and 0.4 males m−2. The inability of C. flavipes to provide economic control in temperate-subtropical areas is due to its high rearing cost, a low effective search rate, a low maximum number of hosts parasitized per female, and failure of the spring emerging parasitoids to find hosts.
Surface vibrational spectroscopy of alkylsilane layers covalently bonded to monolayers of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane on Ag substrates

Fourier transform IR and Raman spectroscopy have been used to characterize the structure and conformational order of octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) and dimethylchlorooctadecylsilane (DOS) covalently bonded to Ag surfaces modified with a hydrolyzed and condensed self-assembled monolayer of (3-mercaptopropyl)trimethoxysilane (3MPT). This 3MPT layer is used as a model silica surface with a very low surface silanol density and, hence, much less surface-confined water than normal silica surfaces. OTS bonds to this surface at the silanol sites in heterogeneous polymeric islands possessing both highly crystalline and disordered domains. DOS bonds in submonolayer coverages with its alkyl chains in a disordered state. The results from both FTIR and Raman spectroscopies confirm the critical role of surface water in forming highly crystalline assemblies of cross-linked alkylsilanes.
Parameters affecting steady-state floc blanket performance

A laboratory-scale reactor was used to simulate a water treatment process sequence of rapid mix, hydraulic flocculation, upflow clarification with a floc blanket, and lamellar sedimentation to accomplish removal of colloidal particles. This study focused on variables affecting performance of the floc blanket including: provision of hydraulic flocculation, raw water turbidity, coagulant dose, upflow velocity through the floc blanket, and bulk density and solids concentrations of the floc blanket. An upflow clarifier velocity between 1.0 and 1.3 mm s -1 produced the best floc blanket performance for turbidities studied between 10 and 200 NTU while an upflow velocity between 0.6 and 0.8 mm s -1 produced the best floc blanket performance at 500 NTU. The results show that overall particle removal efficiency improved with increasing hydraulic flocculator residence time and energy dissipation rate. Particle removal efficiency improved with increasing floc blanket depth for floc blanket depths between 15 and 75 cm. Lamellar sedimentation with a capture velocity of 0.12 mm s -1 is a key component in improving clarifier performance when utilizing a floc blanket.
Mixtures of Monomeric and Dimeric Cationic Surfactants

Compounds with the formula CmH2m+1(CH3)2N+(CsH2s)N+(CH3)2CmH2m+1·2Br-, abbreviated as m-s-m according to a previous convention, are considered to be dimeric cationic surfactants. The Krafft tempera...
Posttranslational Modification and Quality Control

Protein quality control functions to minimize the level and toxicity of misfolded proteins in the cell. Protein quality control is performed by intricate collaboration among chaperones and target protein degradation. The latter is performed primarily by the ubiquitin-proteasome system and perhaps autophagy. Terminally misfolded proteins that are not timely removed tend to form aggregates. Their clearance requires macroautophagy. Macroautophagy serves in intracellular quality control also by selectively segregating defective organelles (eg, mitochondria) and targeting them for degradation by the lysosome. Inadequate protein quality control is observed in a large subset of failing human hearts with a variety of causes, and its pathogenic role has been experimentally demonstrated. Multiple posttranslational modifications can occur to substrate proteins and protein quality control machineries, promoting or hindering the removal of the misfolded proteins. This article highlights recent advances in posttranslational modification-mediated regulation of intracellular quality control mechanisms and its known involvement in cardiac pathology.
Debugging in the (very) large: ten years of implementation and experience

Windows Error Reporting (WER) is a distributed system that automates the processing of error reports coming from an installed base of a billion machines. WER has collected billions of error reports in 10 years of operation. It collects error data automatically and classifies errors into buckets, which are used to prioritize developer effort and report fixes to users. WER uses a progressive approach to data collection, which minimizes overhead for most reports yet allows developers to collect detailed information when needed. WER takes advantage of its scale to use error statistics as a tool in debugging; this allows developers to isolate bugs that cannot be found at smaller scale. WER has been designed for efficient operation at large scale: one pair of database servers records all the errors that occur on all Windows computers worldwide.
Health Care Reform, Behavioral Health, and the Criminal Justice Population

The 2010 Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) has a number of important features for individuals who are involved with the criminal justice system. Among the most important changes is the expansion of Medicaid to more adults. The current study estimates that 10% of the total Medicaid expansion could include individuals who have experienced recent incarceration. The ACA also emphasizes the importance of mental health and substance abuse benefits, potentially changing the landscape of behavioral health treatment providers willing to serve criminal justice populations. Finally, it seeks to promote coordinated care delivery. New care delivery and appropriate funding models are needed to address the behavioral health and other chronic conditions experienced by those in criminal justice and to coordinate care within the complex structure of the justice system itself.
Analytical and Experimental Investigation of an Ammonia/Air Opposed Reacting Jet

Abstract The point-by-point properties of an ammonia/air opposed-reacting-jet flowfield are described by solving the governing partial differential elliptic equations. Analytical descriptions of the reacting flowfield are compared to experimentally measured profiles of temperature and composition. Calculated distributions of stream function, temperature and fuel mole fraction are also presented.
Prefabrication techniques in cervical pharyngo-oesophageal reconstruction

Abstract The idea of ectopically prefabricating an anatomical structure from a skin flap, before transfer to its final site, it not new; the principle has been applied to nose reconstruction where bone, cartilage, or mucosa and cartilage have been introduced beneath a skin flap in combination with a delaying procedure. Thus, Lexner in 1914 inserted two small pieces of tibial bone under a forehead flap, and Fritz Koenig followed soon after with the use of a cruciate piece of sternal bone and cartilage to pre-shape a nose in the skin of the forearm (Denecke and Meyer, 1967). More recently Converse (1959) described using composite grafts of septal mucosa and cartilage under a forehead flap with similar purpose. The following four brief case presentations illustrate the evolution of the senior author's prefabrication approach to some mandatory instances of secondary pharyngo-oesophageal reconstrution, the intent being to ease some of the difficulties encountered in such repairs. The varying flaps used as basic material reflect the development of techniques at this unit in other more conventional staged procedures for head and neck reconstruction.
Introduction: The Complex Politics of Canadian-American Interdependence

The United States and Canada have now entered a new and more difficult period in their relations with one another. The “Nixon shock” of August 1971 struck Ottawa as well as Japan; conversely, Canadian reluctance freely to supply energy, particularly oil, to the United States has jarred Americans used to taking access to Canadian resources for granted. The extremely high degree of societal interdependence between the United States and Canada ensures that Canada will be strongly affected by American policies. As the two societies experience rapid socioeconomic change, there are bound to be struggles over how to adjust and who pays the price of adjustment. Government regulations are likely to increase on both sides of the border.
British Assessments of Tipu Sultan’s Hill Forts in Northern Mysore, South India, 1802

Hundreds of early modern forts dot the South Indian landscape, but more is known about their art-historical aspects than how these fortifications were built, maintained, and used. The latter aspects are examined in a comparative analysis of six Mysore hill forts, using East India Company surveys that were prepared in 1802 shortly after British forces took command of these installations from Tipu Sultan’s garrisons. These highly detailed inventories show that the hill forts were poorly maintained, inadequately supplied, contained relatively few garrison buildings, and, from the British perspective at least, were inadequately armed to mount a successful defense. At the turn of the century, these forts were functionally obsolete, ill prepared to serve as supply depots, and strategically valuable only to quiet local populations and deny the use of such places to potential enemies.
Response of B Complex Haplotypes B22, B24, and B26 to Rous Sarcomas

Five individual male matings of line UNH 105 New Hampshires, in which all males and most females were either B22/B24 or B22/B26, produced 462 progeny that fell into six B complex genotypes: B22/B22, B24/B24, B26/B26, B22/B24, B22/B26, and B24/B26. The genotypes of parents and offspring were determined by blood typing for B alloantigens using a panel of antisera. Six-week-old chickens were inoculated with Rous sarcoma virus (RSV). Resulting tumors were scored for size six times over a 10-week period; based upon these scores, a tumor profile index (TPI) was assigned to each chicken as a criterion of immunological response. The B22/B26 hosts showed the greatest mean response (TPI 3.3) and B24/B24 chickens the lowest response (TPI 4.4), the difference being statistically significant. Dominance in the response to sarcoma was observed when either the B22 or B26 haplotype combined with the B24 haplotype and compared with the appropriate corresponding homozygotes, and when the B22 or B26 heterozygote was compared with B22/B22 and B26/B26 homozygotes.
Stage Development Theory: A Natural Framework for Understanding the Mediation Process

Scholars and practitioners of mediation have generally paid little attention to the development of theoretical frameworks for understanding what is taking place in the mediation process. By “borrowing” from stages of adult psychological development theory (in this scheme, physical; hedonistic/impulsive; conformist/authority-seeking; rational/individualistic; and integrative), we can better understand some of the behaviors that people exhibit in mediation and perhaps find ways to help parties expand their behavioral repertoires so that new avenues for resolution appear to them. Using frequent examples from mediation practice, the author describes each stage, then assesses the limits and possibilities of relating this theoretical framework to mediation. She sees this juxtaposition of theory to practice not so much as a “how to” for mediation practice, but rather as a new window through which mediators can view mediation clients, the mediation process, and their own behavior in the mediation room.
An Attempt to Observe the Spectrum of Doubly Excited Helium

In this paper is described an electron-impact discharge tube which was designed to give excitation conditions favorable to the production of doubly excited helium. The tube furnished a concentrated 1000 ma beam of 300 to 500 volt electrons which passed through purified helium gas at a pressure of approximately 0.01 mm Hg. The comparatively feeble glow produced was photographed with a high speed two-prism glass spectrograph. Long exposures yielded only very much over-exposed ${\mathrm{He}}_{\mathrm{I}}$ lines and rather strong ${\mathrm{He}}_{\mathrm{II}}$ lines. This result is consistent with certain approximate theoretical calculations of Kreisler which show that the lifetimes of the doubly excited states of helium are limited by autoionization to approximately ${10}^{\ensuremath{-}14}$ sec., so that any spectral "lines" would be far too broad to be observable. This result tends to weaken the argument that the far ultraviolet helium lines, $\ensuremath{\lambda}\ensuremath{\lambda}320.4 \mathrm{and} 357.5$ A, found by Kruger, and by Compton and Boyce, are due to transitions from doubly excited states to singly excited ones; and that the 60-volt energy losses of electrons passing through helium, observed by Whiddington, are due to a transition from the ground state to a doubly excited state.
Use of a factored biographical inventory to identify differentially gifted adolescents.

A 118-item factored biographical questionnaire was administered to 173 male and 209 female adolescents participating in a special 8-wk. program for high school juniors and seniors gifted in art, dr...
Surface reactions of NO, CO, and O2 near the stoichiometric point: I. Pt-alumina

Infrared and integral reactor experiments showed that CO chemisorbed over reduced Pt sites appears to act as an inhibitor for the NOCO reaction at rich stoichiometries. A large fraction of the surface is covered by an isocyanate species which does not appear to participate in the reaction. Dissociatively chemisorbed O2 appears to act as an inhibitor for the NOCO reaction at lean stoichiometries. For a Pt-alumina catalyst, the well known operating window around stoichiometry (i.e., the range of stoichiometries where both NO and CO conversions are appreciable) is defined by the range of stoichiometries where the surface isocyanate and the CO chemisorbed on reduced Pt sites have been partially eliminated but the Pt surface has not yet been completely oxidized. Thus, the operating window has been defined in terms of the surface composition.
HORIZONS IN STREAM BIOGEOCHEMISTRY: FLOWPATHS TO PROGRESS

Over the past 50 years, conceptual developments in stream ecology and ecosystem ecology have converged, thanks to biogeochemistry and the recognition that in situ processing on one hand and spatial translation of materials, processes, and influence along flowpaths on the other, unite to generate a holistic picture of ecosystem functioning at the landscape level. Early emphases in stream biogeochemistry involved organic carbon dynamics and whole-ecosystem budgets. These approaches were holistic but cumbersome and laborious and ignored several crucial issues, such as variation in organic matter quality. Nutrient-spiraling approaches rectified this shortcoming and provided a flowpath-specific technique for resolving the dynamics of both inorganic and organic materials and for comparing streams of different sizes and flow rates. The ability of nutrient-spiraling approaches to deal with multiple elements and fluctuating flows, including floods, remains elusive, however. There are several opportunities for stre...
EFFECT OF PURIFIED GONADOTROPES ON THE ANDROGEN-SECRETING ABILITY OF TESTES OF HYPOPHYSECTOMIZED COCKS1

IN AN EARLIER study Nalbandov and Card (1943) noted that Leydig cells did not disappear from the testes of cocks following hypophysectomy. In spite of this, the comb and the wattles of hypophysectomized males regressed completely and became capon-like in appearance. This observation led to the question of the endocrine function of the intertubular elements in hypophysectomized males. The observation that certain preparations.of FSH caused comb growth, while certain LH preparations did not, made it desirable to reexamine the question of the origin of androgens in avian testes. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Most available data seem to indicate that the Leydig cells are the only source of male sex hormone. There are some data which make it appear possible that the seminiferous tubules are at least in part responsible for the secretion of androgen. As evidence of the participation of the seminiferous tubules in the formation of androgen the following work may be cited.
Further Investigating Method Effects Associated with Negatively Worded Items on Self-Report Surveys.

This article used multitrait-multimethod methodology and covariance modeling for an investigation of the presence and correlates of method effects associated with negatively worded items on the Rosenberg Self-Esteem (RSE) scale (Rosenberg, 1989) using a sample of 757 adults. Results showed that method effects associated with negative item phrasing on the RSE scale were present. Method effects associated with negative item wording were similarly observed with the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS; Hart, Leary, & Rejeski, 1989) and method effects were present and significantly correlated in analyses that included both the RSE scale and SPAS simultaneously. Path analysis modeling that incorporated personality measures identified factors that correlated with the presence of method effects. These findings further suggest that method effects associated with negatively worded items may be considered a response style.
A chip-based immunoaffinity capillary electrophoresis assay for assessing hormones in human biological fluids

A chip-based capillary electrophoresis system has been designed for assessing the concentrations of four hormones in whole human blood, saliva, and urine. The desired analytes were isolated by immunoextraction using a panel of four analyte-specific antibodies immobilized onto a glass fiber insert within the injection port of the chip. Following extraction, the captured analytes were labeled prior to electro-elution into the chip separation channel, where they were resolved into four individual peaks in circa 2 min. Quantification of each peak was achieved by on-line LIF detection and integration of the area under each peak. Comparison to commercial high-sensitivity immunoassays demonstrated that the chip-based assay provided fast, accurate, and precise measurements for the analytes under investigation. As the availability of commercially available antibodies rapidly expands, the application of this system will greatly increase. Chip-based CE separations of multiple analytes from a single sample also provide a significant advantage in the analysis of small samples.
Differences in cardiac toxicity among ropivacaine, levobupivacaine, bupivacaine, and lidocaine *

Abstract Local-anesthetic (LA) cardiotoxicity remains a vexing issue in clinical practice. Growing demand for integration of regional and general anesthesia with acute pain management mandates that the contemporary anesthesiologist be knowledgeable about LA capabilities and toxicity. Although various LA agents are available for clinical use, they often must meet the requirements for both acute, intraoperative regional anesthesia and subacute, postoperative regional anesthesia. Usually, the long-acting LAs (historically, bupivacaine) fulfill these needs. However, when large volumes of concentrated LA are needed to shorten latency and increase duration, systemic toxicity may become an issue. For this reason, the newer, long-acting, amide LAs, ropivacaine and levobupivacaine, were developed; both are touted to have less cardiotoxic potential than bupivacaine. This report reviews normal impulse conduction and cardiac contraction, as well as the basic physiology and pharmacology of LA-induced cardiotoxicity. In addition, safety concerns with the long-acting LAs, current laboratory data on cardiac toxicity from these agents, and the implications of the data for clinical practice are reviewed. Copyright © 2001 by W.B. Saunders Company
Study Of Surface Contamination By Surface Plasmons

In the Kretschmann arrangement of coupling light into surface plasmon resonances, the base of a prism is coated with a metal film and the light is incident on that film internally. If the thickness of the film is correctly chosen, then light incident at particular angle will be coupled completely into the plasmons. Thus coupling leads to a narrow, deep dip in the internal reflectance of the prism base as a function of incidence angle. Any change in the character of the metal surface results in measurable changes in the incidence angles; thus, the phenomenon is an extremely sensitive indicator of surface conditions. In particular, the effect can detect and monitor very small amounts of surface contamination. The metal layer can also be overcoated with a thin dielectric layer, so that changes induced in contamination of the latter can be observed. The surface plasmon phenomenon and the experimental arrangement employed for contamination detection will be described; experimental results on residues left by strippable coatings will also be presented.
Photoluminescence characterization of the effects of rapid thermal annealing on AlGaAs/GaAs modulation-doped quantum wells

In this study, we describe the effects of rapid thermal annealing on the electrical and optical properties of modulation-doped quantum wells (MDQWs). The sheet carrier concentration in MDQW structures which have been annealed in contact with a piece of GaAs tends to decrease with increasing annealing time due to Si auto-compensation in the doped AlGaAs regions. The high energy cut-off point of 4.2 K PL spectra, which occurs at the Fermi energy, and the 77 K PL linewidth are accurate measures of sheet carrier density. These two parameters track variations in carrier density produced by annealing. Photoluminescence spectra also provide additional insight into annealing-induced changes such as Si migration, which causes a degradation in the mobility of the two-dimensional electron gas.
Epidemiology, Sexual Risk Behavior, and HIV Prevention Practices of Men who Have Sex with Men Using GRINDR in Los Angeles, California

Young men who have sex with men (YMSM) are at alarming risk for HIV acquisition, demonstrating the highest rates of incident infection of any age-risk group. GRINDR is a global positioning service-based social networking application popular with YMSM for sexual partnering. To assess the characteristics of YMSM who use GRINDR, we conducted a computer-assisted self-interview-based survey of 375 YMSM using GRINDR in metropolitan Los Angeles, recruited using the GRINDR platform. The median age was 25 (interquartile range, 22–27) years old, 42.4 % caucasian, 6.4 % African American, 33.6 % Latino, and 14.1 % Asian/Pacific Islander. Participants reported high rates of sexual partnering and unprotected anal intercourse (UAI). The majority (70 %) of those reporting unprotected anal intercourse reported low perception of HIV-acquisition risk. Of the participants, 83.1 % reported HIV testing within the past 12 months; 4.3 % had never been HIV tested. Of the participants, 4.5 % reported HIV-positive serostatus; 51.7 % indicated that they would be interested in participating in a future HIV prevention trial. Latinos were more likely than either caucasians or African Americans to endorse trial participation interest (odds ratio, 1.9; 95 % confidence interval [1.1–3.3]). HIV-positive test results were associated with increased number of anal sex partners in the past 3 months (adjusted odds ratio (AOR), 1.53 [0.97–2.40]), inconsistent inquiry about partners’ serostatus (AOR, 3.63 [1.37–9.64]), reporting the purpose for GRINDR use including “friendship” (AOR, 0.17 [0.03–1.06), and meeting a sexual partner in a bookstore in the past 3 months (AOR, 33.84 [0.99–1152]). Men recruited via GRINDR were high risk for HIV acquisition or transmission and interested in clinical trial participation, suggesting potential for this method to be used for recruitment of YMSM to HIV prevention trials.
The present status of covert modeling

Abstract In the covert modeling (CM) procedure, a client is asked to imagine he is observing a model behaving in various situations. CM is a covert conditioning procedure analogous to overt modeling. In this paper, the description of the procedure is presented together with relevant experimental data which support the assumption that CM can be as effective as overt modeling. Evidence is also cited which tends to indicate that the same parameters are involved in both CM and overt modeling. Advantages and cautions in the use of CM are discussed.
Molecular Basis for Vulnerability to Mitochondrial and Oxidative Stress in a Neuroendocrine CRI-G1 Cell Line

Background: Many age-associated disorders (including diabetes, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases) are linked to mitochondrial dysfunction, which leads to impaired cellular bioenergetics and increased oxidative stress. However, it is not known what genetic and molecular pathways underlie differential vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction observedamong different cell types. Methodology/Principal Findings: Starting with an insulinoma cell line as a model for a neuronal/endocrine cell type, we isolated a novel subclonal line (named CRI-G1-RS) that was more susceptible to cell death induced by mitochondrial respiratory chain inhibitors than the parental CRI-G1 line (renamed CRI-G1-RR for clarity). Compared to parental RR cells, RS cells were also more vulnerable to direct oxidative stress, but equally vulnerable to mitochondrial uncoupling and less vulnerable to protein kinase inhibition-induced apoptosis. Thus, differential vulnerability to mitochondrial toxins between these two cell types likely reflects differences in their ability to handle metabolically generated reactive oxygen species rather than differences in ATP production/utilization or in downstream apoptotic machinery. Genome-wide gene expression analysis and follow-up biochemical studies revealed that, in this experimental system, increased vulnerability to mitochondrial and oxidative stress was associated with (1) inhibition of ARE/Nrf2/Keap1 antioxidant pathway; (2) decreased expression of antioxidant and phase I/II conjugation enzymes, most of which are Nrf2 transcriptional targets; (3) increased expression of molecular chaperones, many of which are also considered Nrf2 transcriptional targets; (4) increased expression of β cell-specific genes and transcription factors that specify/maintain β cell fate; and (5) reconstitution of glucosestimulated insulin secretion. Conclusions/Significance: The molecular profile presented here will enable identification of individual genes or gene clusters that shape vulnerability to mitochondrial dysfunction and thus represent potential therapeutic targets for diabetes and neurodegenerative diseases. In addition, the newly identified CRI-G1-RS cell line represents a new experimental model for investigating how endogenous antioxidants affect glucose sensing and insulin release by pancreatic β cells. © 2011 Chandiramani et al.
Tactical thieves: The process building to the criminal event

Purpose The process model presented here was developed as part of safety seminars to help participants recognize criminal preferences and tactics. Method The assessing phase of the model identifies circumstances and target characteristics that thieves find favourable. The approaching phase identifies manipulative and deceptive tactics that thieves use to bait, distract, and control their targets. Result Theft is often the end result of a dynamic set of highly visible, purposeful, and progressively aggressive interactions between criminals and their targets. Conclusion While many thieves are highly skilled, individuals can reduce their risk of selection by limiting criminal opportunity and accessibility. Those targets that identify and respond promptly and effectively to criminal approaches may cause the thieves to withdraw.
Systematic data mining using a pattern database to accelerate yield ramp

Pattern-based approaches to physical verification, such as DRC Plus, which use a library of patterns to identify problematic 2D configurations, have been proven to be effective in capturing the concept of manufacturability where traditional DRC fails. As the industry moves to advanced technology nodes, the manufacturing process window tightens and the number of patterns continues to rapidly increase. This increase in patterns brings about challenges in identifying, organizing, and carrying forward the learning of each pattern from test chip designs to first product and then to multiple product variants. This learning includes results from printability simulation, defect scans and physical failure analysis, which are important for accelerating yield ramp. Using pattern classification technology and a relational database, GLOBALFOUNDRIES has constructed a pattern database (PDB) of more than one million potential yield detractor patterns. In PDB, 2D geometries are clustered based on similarity criteria, such as radius and edge tolerance. Each cluster is assigned a representative pattern and a unique identifier (ID). This ID is then used as a persistent reference for linking together information such as the failure mechanism of the patterns, the process condition where the pattern is likely to fail and the number of occurrences of the pattern in a design. Patterns and their associated information are used to populate DRC Plus pattern matching libraries for design-for-manufacturing (DFM) insertion into the design flow for auto-fixing and physical verification. Patterns are used in a production-ready yield learning methodology to identify and score critical hotspot patterns. Patterns are also used to select sites for process monitoring in the fab. In this paper, we describe the design of PDB, the methodology for identifying and analyzing patterns across multiple design and technology cycles, and the use of PDB to accelerate manufacturing process learning. One such analysis tracks the life cycle of a pattern from the first time it appears as a potential yield detractor until it is either fixed in the manufacturing process or stops appearing in design due to DFM techniques such as DRC Plus. Another such analysis systematically aggregates the results of a pattern to highlight potential yield detractors for further manufacturing process improvement.
The Psychodynamic Formulation in Child and Adolescent Psychiatry

DSM-III and DSM-III-R aid diagnostic clarity but do not help clinicians plan for common therapies available. A psychodynamic formulation has been described for adults to complement diagnosis and guide management. Child and adolescent psychiatrists would benefit if such a scheme were available for their use. Psychodynamic formulations based on current models are offered and their elements are described. Case vignettes and therapeutic plans are presented to show the practical value of a formal psychodynamic formulation, regardless of the treatment employed.