cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
SILACtor: software to enable dynamic SILAC studies

Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) is a versatile tool in proteomics that has been used to explore protein turnover on a large scale. However, these studies pose a significant undertaking that can be greatly simplified through the use of computational tools that automate the data analysis. While SILAC technology has enjoyed rapid adoption through the availability of several software tools, algorithms do not exist for the automated analysis of protein turnover data generated using SILAC technology. Presented here is a software tool, SILACtor, designed to trace and compare SILAC-labeled peptides across multiple time points. SILACtor is used to profile protein turnover rates for more than 500 HeLa cell proteins using a SILAC label-chase approach. Additionally, SILACtor contains a method for the automated generation of accurate mass and retention time inclusion lists that target peptides of interest showing fast or slow turnover rates relative to the other peptides observed in the ...
Subjective norms and the prediction of romantic relationship state and fate

This study examined whether subjective norms are associated with commitment to a romantic relationship and with remaining in that relationship over time. Subjective norms are defined in the context of relationships as the perceived normative beliefs of a social network member regarding a given relationship weighted by the motivation to comply with that network member. In a longitudinal study of college students involved in dating relationships, subjective norms were found to be a significant predictor of romantic relationship commitment level, alone and in multiple regression analyses including satisfaction level, quality of alternatives, and investment size. Longitudinal analyses indicated that commitment mediated the effect of subjective norms on remaining in the relationship approximately 8 months later. Finally, level of dependence on a romantic relationship moderated the predictive value of subjective norms, with lower relationship dependence yielding greatest predictive value for subjective norms.
SDOF displacement ductility demands based on smooth ground motion response spectra

Abstract This paper investigates the effect of the differences between “smooth” (e.g., design) earthquake ground motion acceleration response spectra and individual ground motion linear-elastic acceleration response spectra on nonlinear single-degree-of-freedom (SDOF) lateral displacement ductility demands. A significant amount of previous research exists on the development of relationships between the lateral strength and peak displacement of SDOF systems based on statistical studies. Traditionally, the lateral strength of the SDOF systems in these studies has been determined from individual ground motion acceleration response spectra, requiring that the structure strength is recalculated for each ground motion used in an ensemble. While the relationships developed using this approach are important, in practical seismic design applications, the lateral strength of a structure does not vary with the individual ground motions considered in an ensemble. Rather, the lateral strength is often determined using smooth design response spectra or site response analyses as prescribed by model building seismic design provisions. This paper focuses on this issue. It is shown that peak SDOF displacement ductility demand relationships developed based on individual ground motion spectra can lead to unconservative designs, particularly for survival-level, soft soil, and near-fault conditions.
Combined flurbiprofen and cyclosporin-A does not attenuate bone loss and exaggerates renal impairment

Abstract Cyclosporine (CsA) is a potent immunosuppressant that has revolutionized the success of organ transplantation. Flurbiprofen (FB), a propionic acid derivative NSAID, has been demonstrated in vivo to reduce osteoclast numbers in normal rats. The aim of this experiment was to determine whether addition of FB to CsA-treated rats could prevent the bone changes associated with CsA therapy. Forty-eight 10–12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomized to receive, daily for 28 days: (1) CsA vehicle p.o. plus FB vehicle sc; (2) CsA (15 mg/kg) p.o. plus FB vehicle sc, (3) CsA vehicle p.o. plus FB (1.5 mg/kg) sc; and (4) CsA (15 mg/kg) p.o. plus FB (1.5 mg/kg) sc. Rats were weighed and venous blood sampled at baseline, 14 days, and 28 days for determination of glucose, Ca++, BUN, creatinine, PTH, osteocalcin, and 1,25(OH)2 vitamin D. Tibiae were removed following killing, after double labeling for histomorphometry. Body mass was significantly lower than control in all rats receiving CsA on days 14 and 28 while blood glucose was only elevated in the CsA alone group. Day 28 BUN and creatinine were significantly elevated in the CsA group and the combination of CsA and FB revealed an exacerbation of this trend. Vitamin D and osteocalcin were consistently increased in the CsA and CsA/FB groups. Bone histomorphometry showed evidence of trabecular osteopenia in CsA and CsA/FB groups. CsA alone resulted in elevated bone turnover. FB was unable to prevent the trabecular bone loss induced by CsA therapy. This experiment indicates no role for FB as a therapeutic option in CsA-induced bone disease at the given doses and duration of treatment by virtue of its lack of bone sparing ability and adverse renal effects when the two drugs are administered concurrently.
Fourier transform microwave/millimeter-wave spectroscopy of the ScC2 (X̃2A1) radical: A model system for endohedral metallofullerenes

Abstract The pure rotational spectrum of the ScC 2 radical ( X 2 A 1 ) has been measured using Fourier transform microwave/millimeter-wave techniques in the frequency range 15–63 GHz – the first high-resolution spectroscopic study of a 3 d dicarbide species. ScC 2 was created in a supersonic expansion from laser-ablated scandium and CH 4 in the presence of a DC discharge. Four transitions, N Ka,Kc = 1 01 → 0 00 through 4 04 → 3 03 , were recorded, each consisting of multiple fine/hyperfine components; rotational, fine structure, and Sc( I = 7/2) hyperfine constants were determined. These measurements confirm the T-shaped geometry for ScC 2 , and suggest the molecule has significant covalent character.
Response Time and Decision Accuracy for ‘No Turn on Red’ Signs

‘No turn on red’ signs have been the subject of traffic research in recent years because they are violated at higher rates than other signs. One reason may be due to inadequate conspicuity. This study examined response times and decision accuracy (proportion correct) following glance exposure to three different ‘No Turn on Red’ signs. Two of the ‘No Turn on Red’ signs tested are currently being used on U.S. roadways in some jurisdictions; one contains only text and the other contains a red circle with text. These were compared to a third “new” sign (Prohibition Arrow and Text). The three signs and a no-sign condition (control) were embedded into 12 different traffic scenes. Each sign and scene condition was presented for a 1 s duration and then participants responded whether they could turn right in that particular scene or not (answering yes or no). The new (Prohibition Arrow and Text) sign condition had significantly faster response times compared to the other two signs. Accuracy was approximately 90% a...
A new method for assay of radioactive dimethyl sulfoxide and its metabolite, dimethyl sulfone.

Es wird eine rasch arbeitende Methode fur die quantitative Bestimmung von radioaktivem Dimethylsulfoxid und seinem Metaboliten Dimethylsulfon in Losung beschrieben. Diese Methode beruht auf der selektiven Ausfallung von DMSO als Komplexverbindung mit Stannichloriden.
Contact Mechanics and Lubrication Hydrodynamics of Chemical Mechanical Polishing

A preliminary model for the contact mechanics and fluid mechanics of the chemical mechanical polishing process is presented. Only the basic equations of elastic contact surface mechanics and hydrodynamic lubrication are required. Although the model is highly idealized, no ad hoc assumptions or adjustable parameters are required. Some new experimental results are presented, reinforcing the counterintuitive experimental determination of suction fluid pressure below the pad. The model correctly predicts the magnitude of the suction pressure and the effect of load, speed, and roughness. © 1999 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.
University library directors in the association of Research libraries : The next generation, part one

Using multiple means of data collection, this study identifies the attributes that present and future directors of the academic libraries in the Association of Research Libraries need to possess. Present-day directors must possess a wide variety of attributes and are less likely to remain in the same position for as many years as their predecessors did. With the aging population of academic librarians, matching the right individual with the right institution is likely to be increasingly difficult in the future.
Museums, Manga, Memorials and Korean-Japanese History Wars

This paper examines why the history wars between South Korea and Japan are intensifying in the 21 st century and the prospects for reconciliation. South Korea’s history museums promote anti-Japanese nationalism, making it difficult to unshackle the present from the past. In 2014 there was controversy over a Japanese manga exhibit that resonates with broader bilateral disputes over colonial history ranging from the comfort women to forced labor. These battles over the shared past have become internationalized, stoking mutual vilification and jingoistic sentiments
Functional Optical Brain Imaging Using Near-Infrared During Cognitive Tasks

A symbiotic relation between the operator and the operational environment can be realized by an advanced computing platform designed to understand and adapt to the cognitive and the physiological state of the user, especially during sensitive and cognitively demanding operations. The success of such a complex system depends not only on the efficacy of the individual components, but also on the efficient and appropriate integration of its parts. Because near infrared technology allows the design of portable, safe, affordable, and negligibly intrusive monitoring systems, the functional near infrared (fNIR) monitoring of brain hemodynamics can be of value in this type of complex system, particularly in helping to understand the cognitive and emotional state of the user during mentally demanding operations. This article presents the deployment and statistical analysis of fNIR spectroscopy for the purpose of cognitive state assessment while the user performs a complex task. This article is based on data collec...
SEASONAL VARIATION OF ISOZYMES IN JUNIPERUS SCOPULORUM: SYSTEMATIC SIGNIFICANCE

The relationship of seasonal variation in isozymes to systematic studies at the infraspecific level is evaluated. Isozyme variation in peroxidases, esterases, and a-terpineol dehydrogenases was evaluated monthly for one year in J. scopulorum Sarg. Zymograms of a-terpineol dehydrogenases showed one nonvariable band. Isoperoxidases varied quantitatively but not qualitatively, this variation being correlated with seasonal growth and dormancy. Isoesterases showed qualitative variation, with two types of esterases being produced. One type showed seasonal variation and a second was nonvariable. The presence of two types of isoesterases may reflect differing physiological roles for each. The esterase results showed that care should be taken during investigations of isozymes at the population level to assure phenological similarity. THE STUDY of isozymes is common in systematic botany, especially at the infraspecific level. The majority of these investigations have dealt with the nature of genetic polymorphisms in annual herbaceous angiosperms with relatively few studies in the gymnosperms (Kelley, 1976). This bias is in part the result of the great difficulty in obtaining active enzyme extracts from plants with high phenol/protein ratios (Kelley and Adams, 1977a). Isozyme studies in conifers have dealt with several areas of investigation. The genetic control and inheritance of isozymes have been studied to a considerable degree in Picea abies (Bartels, 1971; Lundkvist, 1974, 1975) and Pinus attenuata (Conkle, 1971a, 1971b). Analysis of marginal and central populations of P. abies showed a large amount of genetic variability (Tigerstedt, 1973). Genetic differences and populational variation have also been examined in Cryptomeria japonica (peroxidase, Sakai and Park, 1971), Pinus attenuata (alcohol dehydrogenase, and leucine amino peptidase, Conkle, 1971a), Thujopsis dolabrata (peroxidase, Sakai, Miyazaki, and Matsuura, 1971), Pinus pungens (alcohol dehydrogenase, and leucine aminopeptidase, Feret, 1974), Pseudotsuga menziesii (peroxidase, Muhs, 1974) and Juniperus ashei (alcohol dehydrogenase, esterase, and peroxidase, Kelley and Adams, 1977b). The aforementioned studies largely utilized collections from plants in natural environ-
Neuropeptide Modulation of Learning and Memory Processes

The ubiquitous nature of neuropeptides and their respective receptors in the central and peripheral nervous systems suggests that peptides play a key role in controlling physiological processes. Investigations on a cellular level have demonstrated that neuropeptides exert powerful modulatory effects on neurons and neuronal circuits; however, despite these compelling considerations, investigators have rarely been able to assign discrete functional roles to individual neuropeptides. Numerous studies have addressed the influence of neuropeptides on learning and memory processes. Workers have primarily utilized peripheral or central injection of neuropeptides to suggest a facilitatory, or less commonly inhibitory, role in acquisition, retention, or retrieval of memories. Although highly suggestive, critical concerns regarding the specificity of the observed effects have often remained. Recently, the neurogenetic approach has demonstrated the role of a novel neuropeptide in a specific memory phase, high affinity antagonists have confirmed the importance of some endogenous neuropeptides, and evidence of neuropeptide dysfunction in disease states, particularly Alzheimer's disease, has emerged. Continued refinement of traditional techniques, combined with information from alternative approaches, promises to consolidate the role of neuropeptides in learning and memory.
Developmental changes in large-scale network connectivity in autism

Background Disrupted cortical connectivity is thought to underlie the complex cognitive and behavior profile observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Previous neuroimaging research has identified patterns of both functional hypo- and hyper-connectivity in individuals with ASD. A recent theory attempting to reconcile conflicting results in the literature proposes that hyper-connectivity of brain networks may be more characteristic of young children with ASD, while hypo-connectivity may be more prevalent in adolescents and adults with the disorder when compared to typical development (TD) (Uddin etal., 2013). Previous work has examined only young children, mixed groups of children and adolescents, or adult cohorts in separate studies, leaving open the question of developmental influences on functional brain connectivity in ASD.
Essence and anti-essentialism about art

I argue that clarity about essence provides the tools both to isolate a distinct concept of art and to see why anti-essentialism is a plausible, though incomplete, doctrine about it. While this concept is not the only concept currently expressed by our word 'art', it is an interesting, and might be an important, one. One of the challenges it poses to conceptual analysis is to explain what it is to be better than being good of a thing's kind, where this extra-goodness is neither a trivial fact nor simply a matter of being a good instance of two different kinds of thing. While anti-essentialism seems to be right about what types of analysis will not work for it, this result only deepens the question of what its proper analysis is.
Proof and reproof: the judicial component of episcopal confrontation

Nicetius of Trier was one of the most temperamental bishops to have a place in the writings of Gregory of Tours. In the tradition of St Martin, Nicetius represented one extreme of the relationship between ecclesiastical and secular authority in sixth-century Gaul. He stands out as an example of conflict between those two spheres, in both contemporary and modern portraits. This article attempts to place Nicetius within a tradition of episcopal behaviour that undermines the element of conflict. By focusing on the judicial functions that Nicetius fulfilled in the context of penance and oath swearing, it argues that Nicetius was less an extreme example of spiritual audacity than he was an exceptional model for commonplace virtues of the ideal bishop. This article is, therefore, a case-study for a larger project.
Contemporaneous thrusting and large‐scale rotations in the western Sicilian fold and thrust belt

In the western Sicilian fold and thrust belt, large clockwise rotations of allochthons occurred during late Cenozoic contraction of part of the southern Tethyan margin. The magnitude of rotation decreases stepwise from over 120° in the upper sheets, lying on the north coast of Sicily, to no appreciable rotation in the frontal portion of the belt flanking the southern coast of the island. The allochthons are composed of imbricate thrust sheets derived primarily from individual basin and platform assemblages of the old Tethyan margin. Paleomagnetic and structural data indicate that the rotation of the allochthons was accommodated by coherent torsional displacements on relatively low-angle detachment surfaces. Timing relations for the imbrication history of the Sicilian fold and thrust belt are derived from stratigraphic overlap and local involvement of sediments deposited in a series of foreland and piggyback basins. The locus of deposition within successive foreland basins first migrated easterly then southerly during progressive deformation in the orogen. Imbrication began in the early Miocene (Burdigalian-Langhian) and continued at least through the early Pleistocene and appears to be continuing today. Rotation is related to thrusting and accompanies a 70° change in the tectonic transport direction from easterly to southerly. Easterly striking, right-oblique transpressional faults and associated northeasterly trending folds postdate thrust sheet rotation in the interior of the thrust belt and were active contemporaneously with south-directed thrusting in the foreland region. Pleistocene and possibly older (late Pliocene?) extension strongly modified the older thrust morphology along the Tyrrhenian coast of northwestern Sicily, with the development of down-to-the-north listric normal faults. The extensional structures apparently are related to the opening and subsequent deformation of the Tyrrhenian Sea to the north.
Role of nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae in pediatric respiratory tract infections

Background Nontypeable strains of Haemophilus influenzae may spread contiguously from the upper respiratory tract and cause sinusitis, otitis media and pneumonia. Unlike H. influenzae type b these strains rarely invade the bloodstream to cause widespread infections. These strains are primary pathogens of acute otitis media, sinusitis and the conjunctivitis-otitis syndrome. In developing countries these strains are also responsible for many cases of pediatric pneumonia. Currently approximately 30% of nontypeable H. influenzae strains are beta-lactamase-positive and can inactivate susceptible penicillins, including penicillins G and V, ampicillin and amoxicillin. Most second generation oral cephalosporins are active against beta-lactamase-producing H. influenzae. Some third generation oral cephalosporins, e.g. cefixime, however, have particularly good efficacy against H. influenzae. Sulfonamides and chloramphenicol are generally effective as well. Conclusion Until a vaccine that provides adequate prophylaxis against nontypeable H. influenzae is developed, clinicians should be guided by knowledge of bacterial susceptibility and microbiologic efficacy in choosing appropriate agents for treating pediatric infections likely to involve this common pathogen.
Social learning and aggregate network uncertainty

We study the perfect Bayesian equilibria of a model of social learning in networks where agents learn about an unknown state of the world by observing the actions of their neighbors. The network topology is drawn from an arbitrary distribution; contrary to prior models in the literature, two agents' sets of neighbors are not assumed to be independent. This extension allows us to capture real-world network phenomena, such as clustering and assortativity, and to consider the performance of social learning in widely used models of social networks, such as preferential attachment models. Since agents only observe the realization of their own neighborhoods, two agents could have vastly different beliefs about the overall network structure, and they may disagree over who is well-informed or well-connected. We call this phenomenon aggregate network uncertainty. This greatly alters our understanding of social learning dynamics and whether networks successfully aggregate dispersed information. Past literature has focused on herding outcomes as the key inefficiency of social learning, but we find that more severe inefficiencies can occur. In addition to the traditional metric of information aggregation, we introduce a second, weaker metric motivated by the notion of an expert, which we define as an outside agent whose private information is at least as strong as that of any other agent in the network. Learning is successful by our metric if all agents perform at least as well as an expert in the limit as society grows. Without aggregate network uncertainty, information aggregation is successful by this metric if and only if a connectivity condition holds. Herding outcomes can only occur once social learning has met our metric of success. With aggregate network uncertainty, there are several ways learning fails to reach even this weaker metric. Our main positive result is a characterization of sufficient conditions for successful information aggregation in the presence of aggregate network uncertainty. We show that information aggregation is successful whenever agents can identify well-connected neighbors with low distortion. Since neighborhoods are correlated, observing an agent may alter the informativeness of that agent's decision; distortion measures the extent to which this phenomenon occurs. We also demonstrate that in special cases our conditions are both necessary and sufficient for successful learning. We use this characterization to show that the popular preferential attachment network model successfully aggregates information.
Requirement for serum in medium supplemented with insulin-transferrin-selenium for hydrodynamic cultivation of engineered cartilage.

Achievement of viable engineered tissues through in vitro cultivation in bioreactor systems requires a thorough understanding of the complex interplay between hydrodynamic forces and biochemical cues such as serum. To this end, chondrocyte-seeded constructs were cultured under continuous fluid-induced shear forces with reduced serum content (0%–2%, v/v), which was partially or completely replaced by a potential substitute, insulin-transferrin-selenium, to minimize deleterious effects associated with the use of culture media containing high levels of serum (10%–20%). Low-serum cultures yielded constructs with similar biochemical properties to those cultivated with high-serum supplements, whereas the serum-free constructs exhibited poor cell proliferation, insufficient extracellular matrix production, and rapid degradation of and/or shear-induced damage to polyglycolic acid scaffolds. A fibrous outer capsule typically observed in hydrodynamic cultures and characterized by increased cell density and decrease...
States in 10B between 18 and 22 MeV

Abstract Existing data on four resonances seen in 7Li+τ reactions have been re-examined, and additional measurements of the reaction 7Li(τ, γ)10B have been made, in order to better establish the spins and parities of the 10B compound states involved. The excitation energies of these states and their most likely assignments are: 18.4 MeV, 2− ; 18.8 MeV, (1+, 2+); 19.3 MeV, 2−; and 20.2 MeV, 1−. All appear to be T = 1 states.
Failure of chickens to act as sentinels during an epizootic of eastern equine encephalitis in southern New Jersey, USA.

.\bstrat't. A series of 10 chicken flocks placed in areas of southern Nen'Jersey, USA, preceding an epizo<ltic of eastern equirre encephalitis (EEE) virus failed to function adequatelv as sentinels for the outbreak. F,pidemiologicaldata including virus isolations from mosquitoes and n'ild birds, confirmation of'equine deaths due to EEE virus, and a confirmed humatl case showed that most of the chickens placed in areas rvhere virus was knou'tr to be present did not develop antibodv to EEE. Moreover, those that did develop antibody seroconverted late in the epizo<,rtic period. Data suggest that chickens do not function as a warninp; mechanism for EEE virus but merelv act as an added indicator of virus activity. Domestic chickens are useful for the detection of mosquito-borne viruses in areas lvhere largescale sampling of mosquito populations is inadvisable for practical or monetary reasons (Sudia et al. 1970). Nichols & Bigler (1969) described the advantages of using privately owned flocks as an added measure of virus activity during epizootics. Rainey et al. (1962) gave plans fbr a sentinel chicken pen to house domestic chickens as a tool for virus sur
Acute Lung Disease After Exposure to Fly Ash

A 48-year-old man with no history of pulmonary disease developed acute lung disease after the intensive exposure of fly ash. He subsequently had progressive worsening of shortness of breath and hypoxemia to the point of requiring mechanical ventilation. Fly ash is a compound consisting of silicon dioxide and various other substances and is used in industrial settings to generate electricity. Exposure to fly ash may cause irritation to the mucous membrane of the respiratory tract and even pulmonary fibrosis in humans. To our knowledge, this is the first case report described in the medical literature of acute lung disease developing after fly ash exposure.
On the Feasibility of Time Estimation under Isolation Conditions in Wireless Sensor Networks

We study the problem of providing a sensor with an accurate estimate of the time, from a novel perspective which is complementary to the well-studied clock synchronization problem. More precisely, we analyze the case in which a sensor node is temporarily unable to run a clock synchronization protocol due to failures or intermittent connectivity, or is willing to skip one or more clock adjustments to save energy, but still requires an accurate estimate of the reference time. We propose and analyze two simple and efficient clock reading methods, one deterministic and the other probabilistic, which are designed to work in synergy with a clock synchronization protocol. Our deterministic method achieves a better time accuracy by exploiting information regarding the sign of the deviation of the hardware clock from the reference time. This algorithm leads to noticeable energy savings since it can be applied to reduce the frequency of the periodic clock adjustments by a factor of 2, while maintaining the same error bound. Moreover, our method is of theoretical interest since it shows how a stronger but realistic clock model leads to a refinement of the optimality bound for the maximum deviation of a clock that is periodically synchronized. We also propose two simple versions of this algorithm: a method that guarantees the monotonicity of the clock values, and a generalization that improves the accuracy in case of clock stability. Our probabilistic method is based on time series forecasting, and provides a probabilistically accurate estimate of the reference time with a constant error bound. It is more flexible than our previous methods since it does not depend on the frequency at which clock synchronization occurs, and can be dynamically tuned according to the application requirements and resource availability. All these methods have broad applicability for their generality. In sensor networks they can be applied to improve the clock accuracy of a sensor node in conditions of network isolation, or to reduce the frequency of the clock adjustments, thus saving energy and increasing the system lifetime.
A liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry assay for quantification of Exendin[9-39] in human plasma

Exendin[9-39] is a glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor (GLP-R) antagonist and a potential therapeutic drug for treatment of congenital hyperinsulism by lowering insulin concentration in plasma. A specific and sensitive LC-MS/MS method was validated for quantification of Exendin[9-39] in human plasma. Exendin[9-39] and the stable isopically labeled internal standard eluted at 9.2 min and were analyzed by single reaction monitoring (SRM) of the transitions m/z 842.9→991.8 and 848.2→998.8, respectively. The calibration curve was linear in the range 15-1260 ng/mL with a limit of detection of 1.3 ng/mL. The CVs of the standards were 2.7-13.1% within-run and 3.1-13.2% between-run. The matrix effect was >100% and the SPE recovery was 98.4±12.9%. In absence of protease inhibitors, short-term stability at room temperature was only one hour. Accordingly, samples were kept on ice and sample processing was kept below 1h. Human plasma samples from a clinical pilot study in which Exendin[9-39] was administered intravenously were analyzed and concentrations up to 600 ng/mL were reported Plasma samples from the study were stored at -80 °C with internal standard and successfully reanalyzed after 12 months.
Dysmorphophobia: Body dysmorphic disorder or delusional disorder, somatic subtype? ☆

The DSM-III-R proposes to divide dysmorphophobia into two separate disorders: delusional disorder, somatic subtype and dysmorphic disorder. We believe that this distinction of delusional and nondelusional is impossible from a phenomenological point of view, and that dysmorphophobic beliefs are better classified as overvalued ideas. The concept of dysmorphophobia and its relationship to monosymptomatic hypochondriacal psychoses and DSM-III-R categories is reviewed. A case report is described to support these arguments.
Pathogenicity of Nosema fumiferanae (Thomson) (Microsporida) in spruce budworm, Choristoneura fumiferana (Clemens), and implications of diapause conditions

A standardized bioassay procedure was used to determine median lethal doses (LD 50) of the microsporidium, Nosema fumiferanae (Thom.), on newly molted fourth- and fifth-instar eastern spruce budworm larvae (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)). The LD50 for fifth-instar larva was 1.23 x 106 2.82 x 105 spores. The fourth-instar LD50 was 2.23 x 104 4.30 x 103 spores per larva for populations experiencing prolonged post-diapause cold storage or an elevated temperature during diapause and 2.00 x 105 6.66 x 104 spores per larva for populations not experiencing stressful conditions during and after diapause. Median lethal times (LT50)ranged from 6 to 19 days, depending on instar and dose level. Sublethal responses of fourth- and fifth-instar larvae inoculated with serial dilutions of spores were estimated by significant linear models. These regressions were negative for pupal weight and adult longevity and positive for development time (duration of instar VI). Inoculations of newly molted sixth-instar larvae produced similar models, although development time was not significantly affected. Insects reared following stress during and after diapause had consistently longer developmental times. The importance of prolonged developmental time on disease expression and insect susceptibility is discussed.
The evolutionary origins of patriarchy

This article argues that feminist analyses of patriarchy should be expanded to address the evolutionary basis of male motivation to control female sexuality. Evidence from other primates of male sexual coercion and female resistance to it indicates that the sexual conflicts of interest that underlie patriarchy predate the emergence of the human species. Humans, however, exhibit more extensive male dominance and male control of female sexuality than is shown by most other primates. Six hypotheses are proposed to explain how, over the course of human evolution, this unusual degree of gender inequality came about. This approach emphasizes behavioral flexibility, cross-cultural variability in the degree of partriarchy, and possibilities for future change.
Anion-exchange high-performance liquid chromatography of human serum apolipoproteins

Abstract The rapid separation of seven urea-soluble apolipoprotein species from delipidated human serum very low density lipoproteins (VLDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL) has been achieved by high-performance liquid chromatography on an anion-exchange column of Syn-Chropak AX 300. Effluent chromatographic peaks were detected by absorbance at 280 nm in a flow-through cell. Peaks corresponding to apolipoproteins AI1, AI2, AII, CI, CII, CIII1, and CIII2 were identified by amino acid analysis, gel electrophoresis, and isoelectric focusing. Maximum efficient loading of semipreparative columns (250 × 9.0 mm) was established to be ca. 20 mg HDL apolipoprotein. Minimum detectable protein was shown to be ca. 1 μg on an analytical-scale column (300 × 4.5 mm). Chromatographic resolution is comparable to that of conventional DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The ratio of apoAI1 to apoAI2 was considerably greater in high-performance liquid chromatography, suggesting that the variants seen in conventional chromatography and isoelectric focusing are in part artifactual.
Mycobacterium tuberculosis ftsZ expression and minimal promoter activity.

Summary Optimal levels of ftsZ gene product are shown to be required for initiation of the cell division process in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Here, we report that the ftsZ gene expression is sharply down-regulated during starvation and hypoxia, conditions that are believed to result in growth arrest, but is restored upon dilution of cultures into fresh oxygen-rich media. Primer extension analysis identified four transcriptional start sites, designated as P1, P2, P3 and P4 at nucleotide positions −43, −101, −263, and −787, respectively, in the immediate upstream flanking region of the ftsZ initiation codon. Promoter deletion and homologous recombination experiments revealed that ftsZ expression from the 101-bp region is sufficient for M. tuberculosis viability. All promoter strains had reduced FtsZ levels compared to wild-type, although the loss of P4 severely compromised FtsZ levels during both the active and stationary phases. We propose that ftsZ expression from all promoters is required for optimal intracellular FtsZ levels and that the activities of P4 and possibly other promoters are down-regulated during growth-arrest conditions.
Direct physical measurements on substituted agarose gels: Evidence for intercalation of gel-bound ethidium into transfer RNA

Abstract The cation of the salt ethidium bromide (3,8-diamino-5-ethyl-6-phenylphenanthridinium bromide) has been covalently linked to an agarose matrix through an intermediate 3,3′-diaminodipropylaminosuccinyl spacer arm. Partition binding and visible absorption spectral measurements on the gel were used to monitor the binding of transfer RNA to the covalently bound ethidium group. Direct fluorescence measurements of the formation of the gel-bound complex indicate that this binding involves the intercalation of the ethidium groups into the tRNA molecule. Dissociation of the ethidium-tRNA complex was monitored as a function of sodium chloride concentration by both direct solution spectral measurement of the released tRNA and by fluorescence quenching measurements of the dissociation of the intercalation complex. The derivatized gel has been shown to be capable of the fractionation of tRNA species by elution with a positive salt gradient under column flow conditions.
The haves and have nots: Sociolinguistic surveys and the assessment of speaker competence*

A central concern in linguistics is assessing the linguistic competence of individuals or groups. Formal linguists usually accomplish this by the study of intuitions with little regard for observed usage, while survey sociolinguists usually depend on observations – especially the data of “spontaneous” interviews – with little regard for intuitions. In this paper I argue that survey sociolinguists need to make greater use of repeated recordings and elicited intuitions.The existence of this need is illustrated in most detail by an attempt to replicate an earlier implicational analysis of pronominal variation in the Guyanese creole continuum. It is shown that with repeated sampling and the inclusion of elicited intuitions, the discontinuities on which implicational scaling depends disappear almost entirely. With a clearer idea of what speakers can say, however, the sociolinguistic interpretation of what they do say in the spontaneous interviews and recordings is rendered more reliable and revealing.In the conclusion, some of the theoretical implications and methodological difficulties involved in extending the use of repeated recordings and elicited intuitions in sociolinguistic surveys more generally are discussed. (Sociolinguistic survey methodology, variation, style, implicational scaling, creoles)
Fluxon modeling of low-beta plasmas

Abstract We have developed a new, quasi-Lagrangian approach for numerical modeling of magnetohydrodynamics in low to moderate β plasmas such as the solar corona. We introduce the concept of a “fluxon”, a discretized field line. Fluxon models represent the magnetic field as a skeleton of such discrete field lines, and interpolate field values from the geometry of the skeleton where needed, reversing the usual direction of the field line transform. The fluxon skeleton forms the grid for a collection of 1-D Eulerian models of plasma along individual flux tubes. Fluxon models have no numerical resistivity, because they preserve topology explicitly. Our prototype code, FLUX, is currently able to find 3-D nonlinear force-free field solutions with a specified field topology, and work is ongoing to validate and extend the code to full magnetohydrodynamics. FLUX has significant scaling advantages over conventional models: for “magnetic carpet” models, with photospheric line-tied boundary conditions, FLUX simulations scale in complexity like a conventional 2-D grid although the full 3-D field is represented. The code is free software and is available online. In this current paper we introduce fluxons and our prototype code, and describe the course of future work with the code.
Risk Factors for Downer Cow Syndrome

A nested case-control study to detect risk factors for the development of the downer cow syndrome 30 d postpartum was conducted. Records from 2705 lactations from 12 Holstein dairy herds in the vicinity of Cornell University were collected prospectively between March 1981 and April 1985. Logistic regression was used to model the risk factors for downer cow syndrome. No confounding or modification effect by season of calving and parity was detected. The cumulative postpartum incidence rate for downer cow syndrome was 1.1%. Clinical hypocalcemia and stillbirth increased the risk of downer cow syndrome fivefold. An interaction term existed between dystocia and retained placenta.
Coulomb excitation at intermediate energies

Straight line trajectories are commonly used in semiclassical calculations of the first-order Coulomb excitation cross section at intermediate energies, and simple corrections are often made for the distortion of the trajectories that is caused by the Coulomb field. These approximations are tested by comparing to numerical calculations that use exact Coulomb trajectories. In this paper a model is devised for including relativistic effects in the calculations. It converges at high energies toward the relativistic straight-line trajectory approximation and approaches the non-relativistic Coulomb trajectory calculation at low energies. The model is tested against a number of measurements and analyses that have been performed at beam energies between 30 and 70 MeV/nucleon, primarily of quadrupole excitations. Remarkably good agreement is achieved with the previous analyses, and good agreement is also achieved in the few cases, where the B(E{lambda}) value is known from other methods. The magnitudes of the relativistic and Coulomb distortion effects are discussed.
THE FIRM SIZE EFFECT AND THE ECONOMIC CYCLE

Small firms have, on average, lower return on assets and higher leverage than do large firms. Small firms tend to do well in good economic conditions but to perform poorly in the worst economic conditions. We investigate the hypothesis that the small firm effect is manifest in the expansion phase of the economic cycle but not in the contraction phase. The empirical results of our study confirm the hypothesis for 1976-95. We use the alpha, residual, and regression methods in testing the hypothesis.
Functional Evaluation of Isolated Zebrafish Hearts

Traditional working heart preparations, based on the original Langendorff setup, are widely used experimental models that have tremendously advanced the cardiovascular field. However, these systems can be deceivingly complex, requiring the maintenance of pH with CO2, the delivery of oxygenated perfusate, and the need for extensive laboratory equipment. We have examined the feasibility of using isolated zebrafish (Danio rerio) hearts as an experimental model system, in which experimental procedures can be performed in the absence of the traditional requirements and sophisticated setup equipment. Isolated zebrafish hearts exhibited spontaneous contractile activity, could be electrically paced, and were responsive to pharmacologic stimulation with isoproterenol for 1.5h after in vivo removal. Isolated zebrafish hearts offer a time- and cost-effective alternative to traditional Langendorff=working heart preparation models, and could be used to investigate cardiac function and repair.
Near-Real-Time Cloud Auditing for Rapid Response

Due to the rapid emergence of Information Technology, cloud computing provides assorted advantages to service providers, developers, organizations, and customers with respect to scalability, flexibility, cost-effectiveness, and availability. However, it also introduces new challenges and concerns, especially in terms of security and privacy. One of the major security obstacles to widespread adoption of cloud computing is the lack of near-real-time audit ability. In particular, near-real-time cloud auditing, which provides timely evaluation results and rapid response, is the key to assuring the cloud. In this paper, we discuss security and privacy concerns in cloud computing and the current status of cloud auditing efforts. Next, we address the strategies for reliable cloud auditing and analyze the deficiencies of current approaches. We then discuss the summary of our case study with Amazon Cloud Watch, which is one of the most developed cloud-monitoring APIs.
Differential Diagnosis of Nongap Metabolic Acidosis: Value of a Systematic Approach

Nongap metabolic acidosis is a common form of both acute and chronic metabolic acidosis. Because derangements in renal acid-base regulation are a common cause of nongap metabolic acidosis, studies to evaluate renal acidification often serve as the mainstay of differential diagnosis. However, in many cases, information obtained from the history and physical examination, evaluation of the electrolyte pattern (to determine if a nongap acidosis alone or a combined nongap and high anion gap metabolic acidosis is present), and examination of the serum potassium concentration (to characterize the disorder as hyperkalemic or hypokalemic in nature) is sufficient to make a presumptive diagnosis without more sophisticated studies. If this information proves insufficient, indirect estimates or direct measurement of urinary NH(4)(+) concentration, measurement of urine pH, and assessment of urinary HCO(3)(-) excretion can help in establishing the diagnosis. This review summarizes current information concerning the pathophysiology of this electrolyte pattern and the value and limitations of all of the diagnostic studies available. It also provides a systematic and cost-effective approach to the differential diagnosis of nongap metabolic acidosis.
Video telephony performance over cellular CDMA EVDO Rev. A

In this paper, we analyze the performance of peer-to-peer video telephony (VT) services over 1x EV-DO Revision A (DOrA) cellular networks. Through simulation studies in OPNET, we illustrate the throughput and delay of both video and voice data during multiple video telephony sessions under varying traffic density (number of users, video bit rate and frame rate). We also study the effect of application level quality of service (QoS) parameters and channel errors on the measurable end-to-end performance metrics.
Tribological investigation of the effects of particle size, loading and crystallinity on poly(ethylene) terephthalate nanocomposites

Abstract The friction and wear properties of poly(ethylene) terephthalate (PET) filled with alumina nanoparticles were studied. The test matrix varied particle size, loading and crystallinity to study the coupled effects on the tribological properties of PET-based nanocomposites. The nanocomposite samples were tested in dry sliding against a steel counterface. The wear rate ranged from 2 × 10 −6 to 53 × 10 −6 mm 3 /Nm and the friction coefficient ranged from 0.21 to 0.41. Crystallinity was found to be a function of the processing conditions as well as the particle size and loading, while tribological properties were affected by crystallinity, filler size and loading. Wear rate and friction coefficient were lowest at optimal loadings that ranged from 0.1 to 10 depending on the crystallinity and particle size. Wear rate decreased monotonically with decreasing particle size and decreasing crystallinity at any loading in the range tested.
The Rxo1 / Rba1 locus of maize controls resistance reactions to pathogenic and non-host bacteria

Infiltration of different maize lines with a variety of bacterial pathogens of maize, rice and sorghum identified qualitative differences in resistant reactions. Isolates from two bacterial species induced rapid hypersensitive reactions (HR) in some maize lines, but not others. All isolates of the non-host pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola (bacterial leaf streak disease of rice) and some isolates of the pathogenic bacterium Burkholderia andropogonis induced HR when infiltrated into maize line B73, but not Mo17. Genetic control of the HR to both bacteria segregated as a single dominant gene. Surprisingly, both phenotypes mapped to the same locus, indicating they are either tightly linked or controlled by the same gene. The locus maps on the short arm of maize chromosome six near several other disease-resistance genes. Results indicate the same type of genes may contribute to both non-host resistance and resistance to pathogens.