cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Performance Measures in Dermatologic Surgery: A Review of the Literature and Future Directions.

Background In recent years, health care reform initiatives have aimed to assess quality of care through the use of performance measures. Multiple specialties, including dermatology, have implemented registries to track and report health care quality. Objective The authors review the history and rationale for assessing quality in dermatologic surgery. The authors also discuss the different types of performance measures and the current efforts to develop clinically relevant dermatologic surgery-specific measures. Materials and methods An extensive literature review was conducted using OVID, MEDLINE, PubMed, and government and health care-related websites to identify articles related to surgical performance measures. Results Few performance measures are established to assess quality in dermatologic surgery. The authors propose specific candidate measures and discuss how clinical registries can capture measures that meet federal reporting requirements. Conclusion Assessment of health care quality will become increasingly important in health care reform. Physicians need to take an active role in selecting appropriate, clinically relevant performance measures that will help improve patient care while containing health care costs and meeting government-mandated reporting requirements.
Dar “uma voz” aos judeus: representação na Espanha Medieval

Este trabalho analisa a presenca judaica na Hispânia medieval atraves da otica juridica. Tendo em conta o papel dos judeus no processo de retomada gradual dos espacos ibericos pelos reis cristaos. Bem como, a necessidade de contar com os judeus nos cargos administrativos, nas financas, na colonizacao, na medicina e em multiplas habilidades artesanais, que resulta em uma situacao juridica judaica “sui generis” no ocidente medieval. O titulo do estudo e “dar uma voz aos judeus” se relaciona com a percepcao da relativa personalidade juridica dos judeus nos reinos cristaos ibericos na Idade media central.
A TAZ-ANGPTL4-NOX2 Axis Regulates Ferroptotic Cell Death and Chemoresistance in Epithelial Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer is the deadliest gynecologic cancer. Despite recent advances, clinical outcomes remain poor, necessitating novel therapeutic approaches. To investigate metabolic susceptibility, we performed nutrigenetic screens on a panel of clear cell and serous ovarian cancer cells and identified cystine addiction and vulnerability to ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death. Our results may have therapeutic potential, but little is known about the determinants of ferroptosis susceptibility in ovarian cancer. We found that vulnerability to ferroptosis in ovarian cancer cells is enhanced by lower cell confluency. Because the Hippo pathway effectors Yes-associated protein (YAP)/transcriptional coactivator with PDZ-binding motif (TAZ) are recognized as sensors of cell density, and TAZ is the predominant effector in the tested ovarian cancer cell lines, we investigated the role of TAZ in ferroptosis of ovarian cancer. TAZ removal confers ferroptosis resistance, while TAZS89A overexpression sensitizes cells to ferroptosis. In addition, we found that lower TAZ level in chemo-resistant recurrent ovarian cancer is responsible for reduced ferroptosis susceptibility. The integrative genomic analysis identified ANGPTL4 as a direct TAZ-regulated target gene that sensitizes ferroptosis by activating NOX2. Collectively, cell density-regulated ferroptosis in ovarian cancer is mediated by TAZ through the regulation of the ANGPTL4-NOX2 axis, suggesting therapeutic potentials for ovarian cancers and other TAZ-activated tumors. IMPLICATIONS: This study reveals that TAZ promotes ferroptosis in ovarian cancers by regulating ANGPTL4 and NOX, offering a novel therapeutic potential for ovarian tumors with TAZ activation.
Exploiting ambient noise at hydroacoustic stations for passive ocean sensing

Conventional acoustic remote sensing techniques typically rely on controlled active sources which can be problematic to deploy and operate over the long term-especially if multiple sources are required to fully illuminate the ocean region of interest- or may not even be available at very low frequencies (∼10 Hz). Conversely, receiver arrays are becoming increasingly autonomous, and capable of long term deployment thus enabling passive acoustics for ocean remote sensing applications by taking advantage of the ubiquitous ocean ambient noise. The archived ambient noise recordings made at the hydroacoustic sessions Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty (CTBTO) International Monitoring System (IMS), over decades at some locations, provide a unique platform for the scientific community to test this fully passive acoustic approach for ocean remote sensing. This presentation will presents proof of concept of passive ocean remote methods using these hydroacoustic data such as passive acoustic thermometry to estimate deep ocean temperatures variations and internal tides using coherent processing of low-frequency ambient noise. Challenges and opportunities for Ocean basin and global-scale passive ocean sensing will be discussed.
Emergency Department Clinician Perceptions of Implementing High-Sensitivity Troponin T Assay in an Academic Hospital Emergency Department

Abstract Objective A newly approved, high sensitivity troponin T (hsTnT) assay may offer opportunities to more rapidly assess for acute coronary syndrome and identify lower thresholds of myocardial injury. As more emergency departments begin to utilize the hsTnT assay, anticipating barriers to hsTnT implementation success are critical to realizing potential benefits in rapid, accurate patient assessment. Methods At a tertiary health system emergency department, hsTnT was implemented along with a diagnostic algorithm and decision tree to aid in utilization. Qualitative interviews with 18 physicians and advance practice providers were conducted two months post-implementation and again four-to-six months post-implementation to capture clinician perceptions to hsTnT implementation efforts. Deductive coding was performed using implementation science determinants frameworks to identify emerging themes related to this topic. Results Four themes emerged from the interviews: (1) the need for additional clinician education, (2) challenges with care handoffs, (3) lack of buy-in from the hospital community, and (4) key successes. Conclusion Interviews demonstrated that implementation of hsTnT was associated with several implementation barriers from the perspective of emergency department clinicians. Future implementation efforts should focus on diverse and sustained staff educational efforts, models that address challenges with care hand offs between emergency department clinicians and inpatient clinicians, and operational teams that include inpatient clinicians to facilitate buy-in.
CAPTURING THE WORLD IN WORDS: LATER MOHIST HERMENEUTIC THEORIES ON LANGUAGE AND DISPUTATION

This essay examines some key statements in the Later Mohist treatises to gain a sense of their views on language and disputation (bian 辯). I first show that the Later Mohists viewed disputation as an exercise in familiarizing oneself with patterns of language use and the verification of truth-claims in the phenomenal world. I then demonstrate that such an activity helps one attain one of the Mohists’ highest goals: the clarification of ethical imperatives about how to behave, as expressed through Heaven for all people. This claim ultimately links Early and Later Mohist ethical concerns and offers a religious explanation for Later Mohist involvement and interest in disputation. Lastly, I frame these writings from within a culture of debate about language in Early China—a culture which, for example, yielded not only Mohist views concerning the necessary correlation between language and reality, but also Confucian formulations on the rectification of names, and a Zhuangzian insistence on the emptiness of sayings.
Ventromedial Temporal Lobe Anatomy, With Comments on Alzheimer's Disease and Temporal Injury

The ventromedial temporal area has a complicated topography and neuroanatomy that has yielded secrets only grudgingly. The major features of surface topography are reviewed here as well as recent neuroanatomical findings that establish the ventromedial temporal area as both a recipient of cortical input and the origin for widespread output back to the cortex. The devastating involvement of all ventromedial temporal areas in Alzheimer's disease is highlighted, and comments are offered on the tentorium cerebelli and on mechanical injury to the area.
Intussusception in a child with COVID-19 in the USA

COVID-19, caused by the novel coronavirus strain SARS-CoV-2 that emerged in late 2019, has resulted in a global pandemic. COVID-19 was initially believed to occur less frequently in children with relatively mild disease. However, severe disease and varied presentations have been reported in infected children, one of such being intussusception. There have only been three reported cases of intussusception in the pediatric population infected with COVID-19. In this paper, we will discuss the management and treatment of a novel fourth case of COVID-19-associated intussusception. This case is the first reported in the USA and suggests that COVID-19 may be implicated in the development of intussusception. Pediatricians should consider the possibility of intussusception when a child with COVID-19 presents with abdominal pain.
Simultaneous Bilateral Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty With TXA and Restrictive Transfusion Protocols: Still a 1 in 5 Risk of Allogeneic Transfusion

Abstract Background Historically, there was up to a 60% risk of blood transfusion for patients undergoing simultaneous bilateral total knee arthroplasty (SBTKA). As such, the goal of this study was to analyze the rate and risk factors for allogeneic blood transfusions in patients undergoing SBTKA with tranexamic acid (TXA). Methods We retrospectively identified 475 patients who underwent SBTKA with a double dose TXA regimen at a single institution from 2016 to 2019. Mean age was 65 years. Two hundred fifty-seven patients (54%) were female. Mean body mass index was 30 kg/m2. Drains were utilized in 143 patients (30%). Mean preoperative hemoglobin (Hgb) was 13.7 g/dL. Multivariate logistic regression analysis adjusting for age ≥70 years, sex, body mass index, drain use, and preoperative Hgb of Results One hundred six patients (22%) received an allogeneic transfusion, including 28 patients (6%) who received ≥2 units. Multivariate analysis showed that preoperative Hgb Conclusion Patients undergoing SBTKA with contemporary blood management still have a 1 in 5 rate of allogeneic transfusion. Drain use independently increases transfusion risk by 2-fold and should be avoided. Patients with a preoperative Hgb
Adult Protective Services Training: A Brief Report on the State of the Nation

This brief report summarizes Adult Protective Services training provided to workers across the nation, using survey results from the National Adult Protective Services Association (NAPSA). Although most states delivered training that covered some learning objectives of NAPSA's 23 core competency training modules, there was a wide variation with some states training workers on all 23 topics, while some states did not provide training on any of the core modules. Having a well-trained APS workforce possessing core competencies to perform the job should be federal and state agencies' goal, because the quality and level of services for older people and people with disabilities should not differ based on the states they live in.
Bayesian cell-type deconvolution and gene expression inference reveals tumor-microenvironment interactions

Abstract Understanding the complicated interactions between cells in their environment is a major challenge in genomics. Here we developed BayesPrism, a Bayesian method to jointly predict cellular composition and gene expression in each cell type, including heterogeneous malignant cells, from bulk RNA-seq using scRNA-seq as prior information. We conducted an integrative analysis of 1,412 bulk RNA-seq samples in primary glioblastoma, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma, and melanoma using single-cell datasets of 85 patients. We identified cell types correlated with clinical outcomes and explored spatial heterogeneity in tumor state and stromal composition. We refined subtypes using gene expression in malignant cells, after excluding confounding non-malignant cell types. Finally, we identified genes whose expression in malignant cells correlated with infiltration of macrophages, T cells, fibroblasts, and endothelial cells across multiple tumor types. Our work introduces a new lens that uses scRNA-seq to accurately infer cellular composition and expression in large cohorts of bulk data.
Changing Trends in Dermatopathology Case Complexity: A 9-Year Academic Center Experience.

Context.— Pathology case volume and complexity impact clinical service burden, staffing, and reimbursement, particularly in an academic setting. Objective.— To investigate dermatopathology case complexity by using indicators of challenging cases, which require increased clinical service effort. Design.— A retrospective review was performed of dermatopathology cases during a 9-year period at a tertiary care academic center. A subset of cases was analyzed for which extractable data were available. Cases requiring the following metrics of complexity were identified: rush processing, consensus agreement, performance of immunohistochemistry, use of special histochemical stains, use of immunofluorescence, examination of additional tissue levels, review of a prior case, addition of an explanatory note, presence of multiple specimen parts, and use of intradepartmental consultation. Results.— A total of 8173 cases were reviewed. During the same 3-month period of the year, there was a statistically significant increase in use of rush processing/interpretation, consensus review, number of cases requiring immunostains, special stains, levels, and an explanatory note, and cases reviewed by other subspecialists in the department from 2010 to 2019. Conclusions.— This study shows an increasing trend in dermatopathology case complexity, suggesting that overall clinical service efforts have increased. These findings may inform clinical service staffing and reimbursement.
Chronic traumatic encephalopathy-a blueprint for the bridge between neurological and psychiatric disorders

Chronic traumatic encephalopathy (CTE) is a perplexing condition characterized by a broad and diverse range of neuropathology and psychopathology. While there are no agreed upon or validated clinical criteria for CTE, case series of CTE have described a wide range of neuropsychiatric symptoms that have been attributed to repetitive traumatic brain injuries (rTBI). However, the direct links between the psychopathology of psychiatric and neurological conditions from rTBI to CTE remains poorly understood. Prior studies suggest that repetitive cerebral injuries are associated with damage to neural circuitry involved in emotional and memory processes, but these studies do not offer longitudinal assessments that prove causation. More recent studies on novel targets, such as transmission of misfolded proteins, as well as newly advanced non-invasive imaging techniques may offer more direct evidence of the pathogenesis of CTE by tracing the progression of pathology and display of related behavioral impairments. Understanding this interface in the context of rTBI can play an important role in future approaches to the definition, assessment, prevention, and treatment of CTE and mental illnesses.
Austrian and Hungarian Philosophy: On the Logic of Wittgenstein and Pauler

As Kevin Mulligan, more than anyone else, has demonstrated, there is a distinction within the philosophy of the German-speaking world between two principal currents: of idealism or transcendentalism, characteristic of Northern Germany, on the one hand; and of realism or objectivism, characteristic of Austria and the South, on the other. We explore some of the implications of this distinction with reference to the influence of Austrian (and German) philosophy on philosophical developments in Hungary, focusing on the work of Akos von Pauler, and especially on Pauler’s reading of Wittgenstein’s Tractatus.
How Does E-Commerce Impact the Type and Variety of Products Consumers Purchase in Non-Digital Goods Markets? Drivers of Long Tail Effects in Fashion Apparel

With the fast-paced growth of e-commerce, it has been essential for both academicians and practitioners to understand how the ongoing shift to the online channel will impact the type and variety of products consumers purchase across the channels. Most of the literature examining the impact of e-commerce on the concentration of sales has focused on examining digital goods markets (e.g., book, music, or video sales) and has predominantly shown that growth of e-commerce leads to long tail effects (i.e., decreases the concentration of sales) due to consumers buying a greater variety of products online compared to offline. However, the magnitude of the observed long tail effects, the explanation behind them, and the mechanisms driving them might be different in categories where some products might have important non-digital attributes and thus require physical examination before purchase (e.g., apparel or grocery sales). In this study, using detailed individual and transaction level panel data from two multichannel specialty apparel retail brands, we show that while the shift to the online channel results in a decrease in the concentration of overall sales for both brands, this change mostly results from consumers buying very different products online compared to offline rather than consumers buying a greater variety online compared to offline. We also show that the long tail effects observed in our data are not driven by either of the two mechanisms commonly suggested in the literature (cross-channel assortment differences and customer heterogeneity), but are driven by consumers sorting their purchases into channels based on the types of products they will purchase. Our results are important for practitioners in setting cross-channel assortment strategies (i.e., deciding how much variety and what type of product mix to offer online versus offline). Our paper also provides a new way of interpreting and resolving conflicting results in the long tail literature.
Race, Religion, and Immigration: Experimental Evidence from the Labor Market

In this project, we examine employers’ response to Black immigrants compared to native-born Black Americans. Between July 2017 and December 2018, we applied to publicly advertised positions using fictitious resumes that are manipulated on perceived race and ethnicity (Somali American, African American, and white American). We examine the proportion of resumes that are contacted by employers. We find that male African American applicants are 5 percentage points less likely to be contacted than equivalent white American applicants. Somali American applicants are 11 percentage points less likely to be contacted by employers than equivalent white American applicants and 6 percentage points less likely to be contacted than equivalent African American applicants. For female applicants, the effects followed a similar pattern, but were muted. Signals of language ability, education, and religiosity showed little impact on the proportion contacted by an employer.
Microstructural and mechanical characterization of stainless steel 420 and Inconel 718 multi-material structures fabricated using laser directed energy deposition

Abstract Varying material properties are required for components designed to withstand harsh environments with simultaneous thermal and mechanical loading. This has been traditionally achieved by using multiple materials fabricated by traditional processes, followed by permanent or non-permanent joining techniques to realize a full, multi-material and multi-functional component. A potential simpler approach to this is to develop multi-material structures fabricated using additive manufacturing (AM). Additionally, many existing structures in can also be simplified by incorporating multi-material and multi-functional structures. Laser directed energy deposition (laser-DED) AM technique is suitable for fabricating multi-material structures using powdered feedstock material with high material flexibility. However, the fabrication of multi-material structures requires careful investigation into the compatibility and behavior of the constituent material systems. This remains a crucial task for multi-material deposition because there is relatively less knowledge available currently on the optimal multi-material mixtures for achieving adequate structural integrity and mechanical performance. In this study, multi-material structures of stainless steel 420 (SS420) and Inconel 718 (IN718) alloys were studied. These alloys were chose due to their applications in gas turbine components such as shaft assemblies, exhaust components and in the energy industry for fabricating various high strength, corrosion resistant devices. The specific compositions of the multi-materials structures investigated were: 100% SS420, 100% IN718, 75% SS420 + 25% IN718, 50% SS420 + 50% IN718 and 75% IN718 + 25% SS420. These samples were characterized for their microstructural, phase, and mechanical properties in the as-fabricated condition and compared with conventionally fabricated alloys. Significant differences in the microstructure and properties were observed between the laser-DED fabricated 100% alloys and mixtures of the two alloys. The laser-DED fabricated SS420 and IN718 alloys showed rapidly solidified microstructures typical to laser processes and properties comparable or better than the conventionally fabricated alloys. The three mixtures of SS420 and IN718 alloys showed microstructure and phases that were intermediate between the two unmixed alloys, as well as a higher amount of metallic carbide and Laves phases. Hardness and tensile tests indicated that the three mixtures of SS420 and IN718 were weaker than the unmixed laser-DED fabricated alloys due to the brittle carbide and Laves phases. Amongst the mixture, the mixture composition of 25%SS420 + 75%IN718 has showed highest strength and ductility.
Motivating Bold Actions

We study multi-period salesforce incentive contracting when sales agents can dynamically choose between a safe action and a bold or risky action, where the bold action has higher expected sales but also higher polarization in sales and higher effort cost. Using a two-period model with ex-ante independent time periods, we show that a two-period contract is (weakly) optimal and that the firm determines the optimal contract by trading off the number of bold actions taken with the expected compensation per bold action. Under different conditions, the optimal contract is an “account-balance” contract that ignores failure and pays according to the number of periods with a high sales outcome (i.e., it simply gives a reward for every successful outcome), an “extreme” contract that penalizes failure and pays only if there is a high sales outcome in every period (i.e., it sets a very high bar for reward), or an “early-polarization” contract that rewards early failure only if the early sales outcome is either high or low (but not intermediate) followed by a high sales outcome. Specifically, in the early-polarization contract, a reward may be given in spite of early failure purely to make effort levels inter-temporally dependent to reduce the overall cost of motivating effort; this adds to existing explanations, based on career concerns and learning, for tolerating failure. Overall, for moderate levels of increased return from the bold action relative to the safe action, the account-balance contract is optimal, otherwise one of the extreme contract and the early-polarization contract is optimal.
The microfoundations of mixed system of planning and markets: some theoretical considerations and an empirical analysis of the Chinese agriculture

This study resulted in construction an econometric model for the Chinese agriculture. The model reflects the current Chinese mixed planning and market system. Related policy variables are directly included in objective function for the representative producer. In the mixed system, marginal decisions of producers are affected by state prices only if market price is uncertain. If market price is known, marginal decision rules much like those in market economies are directly applicable;Output supply and input demand equations for risk averse producers were derived from a specific utility function and a normalized quadratic profit function. The complete model includes seven outputs (grain, protein feed, other food from crop, nonfood agricultural products, bovine meat, dairy products, and other meat), two variable inputs (fertilizer and feed), two fixed inputs (land and livestock inventory), two policy variables (state grain price and state grain quota), and one time variable to reflect technical change;The two submodels for the dual system, crops and livestock, were separately estimated using annual data, 1978 to 1985. Full information maximum likelihood methods were used to estimate the system while maintaining the theoretical restrictions following from the optimal process behavior. The elasticity estimates were plausible. Model validation statistics implies satisfactory performance in the sample period for all endogenous variables;The model was used to analyze policy scenarios for the state purchase price and the state purchase quota of grain for years from 1978 to 1988. Two policy conclusions were suggested by the empirical results. First, the government should increase the state price of grain and decrease the state quota of grain if grain production is a high priority for the Chinese agricultural development. Alternatively, if the government wishes to stimulate production of other food and nonfood agricultural products, then a decrease in the state price and an increase in the state quota of grain should be adopted. Second, if the free market is treated as a residual in the state planning process, unintended price variations may have significant impacts on producer resource allocation decisions and incomes. Therefore, it is important not to ignore the free market in mixed systems, as perhaps has been the case for central planners in China.
Wayfinder: navigating and sharing information in a decentralized world

Social networks offering unprecedented content sharing are rapidly developing over the Internet. Unfortunately, it is often difficult to both locate and manage content in these networks, particularly when they are implemented on current peer-to-peer technologies. In this paper, we describe Wayfinder, a peer-to-peer file system that targets the needs of medium-sized content sharing communities. Wayfinder seeks to advance the state-of-the-art by providing three synergistic abstractions: a global namespace that is uniformly accessible across connected and disconnected operation, content-based queries that can be persistently embedded into the global namespace, and automatic availability management. Interestingly, Wayfinder achieves much of its functionality through the use of a peer-to-peer indexed data storage system called PlanetP: essentially, Wayfinder constructs the global namespace, locates specific files, and performs content searches by posing appropriate queries to PlanetP. We describe this query-based design and present preliminary performance measurements of a prototype implementation.
Differing Postneonatal Mortality Rates of African-American and White Infants in Chicago: An Ecologic Study

Objectives: This study sought to determine whether neighborhood impoverishment explains the racial disparity in urban postneonatal mortality rates. Methods: Stratified and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed on the vital records of all African-Americans and whites born in Chicago by means of a linked 1992–1995 computerized birth–death file with appended 1990 U.S. census income and 1995 Chicago Department of Public Health data. Four community-level variables (low median family income, high rates of unemployment, homicide, and lead poisoning) were analyzed. Communities with one or more ecologic risk factors were classified as impoverished. Results: The postneonatal mortality rate of African-Americans (N = 104,656) was 7.5/1000 compared to 2.7/1000 for whites (N = 52,954); relative risk (95% confidence interval) equaled 2.8 (2.3–3.3). Seventy-nine percent of African-American infants compared to 9% of white infants resided in impoverished neighborhoods; p < 0.01. In impoverished neighborhoods, the adjusted odds ratio (controlling for infant and maternal individual-level risk factors) of postneonatal mortality for African-American infants equaled 1.5 (0.5–4.2). In nonimpoverished neighborhoods, the adjusted odds ratio of postneonatal mortality for African-American infants equaled 1.8 (1.1–2.9). Conclusions: We conclude that urban African-American infants who reside in nonimpoverished neighborhoods are at high risk for postneonatal mortality.
Dysregulated Fear in Toddlerhood Predicts Kindergarten Social Withdrawal through Protective Parenting

Two recent advances in the study of fearful temperament (behavioural inhibition) include the validation of dysregulated fear as a temperamental construct that more specifically predicts later social withdrawal and anxiety, and the use of conceptual and statistical models that place parenting as a mechanism of development from temperament to these outcomes. The current study further advances these areas by examining whether protective parenting mediated the relation between dysregulated fear in toddlerhood and social withdrawal in kindergarten. Participants included 93 toddlers and their mothers, who engaged in laboratory tasks assessing traditional fearful temperament, dysregulated fear, and protective parenting. When children reached kindergarten, they returned to the laboratory for a multimethod assessment of social withdrawal. Results confirmed the hypothesis that dysregulated fear predicted social withdrawal through protective parenting, and this occurred above and beyond the effect of traditional fearful temperament. These findings bolster support for the use of dysregulated fear as a temperamental construct related to, but perhaps more discerning of risk than traditionally measured fearful temperament/behavioural inhibition and highlight the importance of transactional influences between the individual and the caregiving environment in the development of social withdrawal. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
U.S. practice variations in the treatment of chronic laryngopharyngeal neuropathy.

Objectives/Hypothesis To evaluate differences in evaluation and workup of laryngopharyngeal neuropathy in a population of general otolaryngologists and fellowship-trained laryngologists. Study Design Survey. Methods Members of the American Laryngological Association (ALA) and a general otolaryngologist database from the American Academy of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery (AAO-HNS) were surveyed. A questionnaire was e-mailed or mailed to 179 members of the ALA and 900 members from the AAO-HNS database. Results Responses were received from 43 subjects in the ALA group (24.5%) and 96 in the AAO-HNS database group (10.6%). Compared to the general otolaryngologists surveyed, ALA members were found to be more likely to practice in academics (79.6% vs. 6.6%) and to have been fellowship trained (79.5% vs. 16.5%). Among the general otolaryngologists, 44.6% reported being unfamiliar with laryngopharyngeal neuropathy compared to 0% from the ALA group (P < .0001). After accounting for the respondents unfamiliar with the condition, the general otolaryngologists reported being less comfortable in diagnosing laryngopharyngeal neuropathy (P < .0001) and were more concerned about the over-diagnosis of laryngopharyngeal reflux when compared to the ALA (P = .0030). Conclusion General otolaryngologists and fellowship-trained laryngologist have several differences in the knowledge, workup, and treatment of chronic laryngopharyngeal neuropathy. This may translate to unnecessary treatments and tests for effected patients and should be addressed with further education targeting general otolaryngologists. Level of Evidence 4. Laryngoscope, 124:955–960, 2014
Community-Based Participatory Research: Toward Eliminating Rural Health Disparities

Purpose/Aims: Rural communities throughout the US continue to sustain disparities in healthcare access and outcomes despite decades of health research and action. Community-based participatory research (CBPR) has been successful in empowering communities through research and tailored interventions toward the elimination of health disparities. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the community perspective on health issues within a CBPR project framework. Specific goals included identification of county-level key health issues, assessment of health related risk factors, and development of community capacity to deal with significant health challenges while working within a community-university partnership. Methods: A CBPR needs assessment was conducted using multi-method research through key informant interviews, a telephone survey of community residents and a survey of medical professionals to ascertain the community perspective on health issues. Results: Findings showed a wide range of health needs. Epidemiology assessment of county data revealed excess mortality due to cancer, diabetes, heart disease, chronic respiratory disease, accidents, infant mortality and suicide. Key informant interviews showed the top perceived health-related problems to be lack of insurance coverage, obesity, lack of education, and lack of consistency in primary care. Telephone survey findings revealed the top perceived health problems were poor quality or insufficient health services, lack of insurance, heart disease, cost of care/poverty, cancer, drug abuse, diabetes, lack of senior care, obesity, and pediatric/prenatal care. Implications: This study provides a specific application of CBPR to help reduce rural health disparities. Data was used to develop a Childhood Obesity Task Force Summit to combat the local obesity epidemic. A Healthy Week Initiative was also implemented. This research can serve as a model for future research and community engagement scholarship as it relates to CBPR as a paradigm to identify, address and eliminate health disparities. DOI : http://dx.doi.org/ 10.14574/ojrnhc.v15i2.353 Keywords: Rural health, Healthcare disparities, Community-based participatory research
Review, Evaluation, and Comparison of Models for Predicting Lifting Capacity

Models related to lifting activities have been classified and reviewed. Predictive models are grouped under psychophysical capacity modeling, physiological energy requirement modeling, and biomechanical stress modeling. Within each group, the models have been compared and evaluated. In addition, psychophysical and physiological model groups have been compared.
An evaluation of flurbiprofen, aspirin, and placebo in postoperative oral surgery pain.

One hundred sixty-four outpatients with postoperative pain after the removal of impacted third molars were randomly assigned, on a double-blind basis, to receive oral doses of flurbiprofen 25, 50, or 100 mg; aspirin 600 mg; or placebo. Using a self-rating record, subjects rated their pain and its relief hourly for 8 hours after medicating. Estimates of sum of pain differences (SPID), peak pain intensity difference (PID), total relief, peak relief, and hours of 50% relief were derived from these subjective reports. All active medications were significantly superior to placebo. Analgesia was similar for flurbiprofen 25 mg and aspirin 600 mg. Flurbiprofen 50 and 100 mg were significantly superior to aspirin for every measure of analgesia except peak PID. There was a significant dose-response regression between flurbiprofen 25 mg and both of the higher dosages. Flurbiprofen 50 and 100 mg did not differ significantly, suggesting a plateau in flurbiprofen's analgesia. The analgesic effect of flurbiprofen was significant by hour 1 and persisted for 8 hours. The frequency of adverse effects was similar for the active medications.
Mutational Analysis of the Rous Sarcoma Virus DR Posttranscriptional Control Element

The direct repeat (DR) sequences flanking the src gene in Rous sarcoma virus are essential posttranscriptional control elements; at least one copy of this sequence is necessary for cytoplasmic accumulation of unspliced viral RNA. These sequences promote Rev-independent human immunodeficiency virus type 1 expression, suggesting they act as constitutive transport elements (CTEs). To determine which regions of this sequence are critical for CTE function, mutations in the downstream DR were generated and tested in a viral deletion construct lacking src and the upstream DR. Two single-point mutations and three different clustered mutations caused substantial reductions in reverse transcriptase activity, Gag protein levels, and unspliced viral RNA in the cytoplasm. Three conserved regions of the CTE, including nucleotides 8844 to 8847, 8862 to 8864, and 8868 to 8870, were most sensitive to inactivation by mutagenesis.
Conduction and Breakdown in Dielectric Liquids

The sections in this article are 1 Overview of Liquid Dielectrics 2 Liquid Insulation Systems 3 Charge Injection and Conduction 4 Streamers 5 Space-Charge Effects 6 Zero Recombination Limit (α = 0) 7 Langevin Recombination Limit 8 Kerr Electrooptic Field Mapping Measurements 9 Sensitive Kerr Electro-Optic Measurements with Weakly Birefringent Materials 10 Kerr Electro-Optic Measurements with Electric Field Magnitude and Direction Varying Along the Light Path 11 Acknowledgments
Abstract 4464: Elucidation of crizotinib resistance in NCI-H3122 and strategies to circumvent bypass resistance.

Proceedings: AACR 104th Annual Meeting 2013; Apr 6-10, 2013; Washington, DC The Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase (ALK) fusion proteins such as EML4-ALK act as oncogenic drivers in approximately 5-7% of non-small cell lung carcinomas (NSCLC). The rationale for targeting this kinase as a means of treatment has been validated by the clinical efficacy and subsequent approval of the ALK inhibitor, crizotinib (Xalkori ®). The overall response rate of 61% suggests potential intrinsic resistance to crizotinib. In addition, like many tyrosine kinase inhibitors, acquired resistance inevitably leads to treatment refractory cancers. To better understand resistance mechanisms (both intrinsic and acquired), and circumvent resistance to crizotinib, we developed in vitro resistance models through prolonged crizotinib exposure. We isolated resistance clones and characterization identified different resistance mechanisms, including pathway bypass as well as an ALK kinase mutation (G1269A), similar to those that have been reported from refractory patient samples. The majority of the resistance clones escaped crizotinib suppression via pathway bypass. In several resistance clones, simultaneous activation of EGFR and IGF1R receptors limited the efficacy of double combination strategies and required triple combinations. In addition, phospho-proteomic analysis revealed simultaneous activation of different receptor tyrosine kinases, suggesting that combination treatment with inhibitors of downstream mediators such as PI3K and MEK may be effective strategies. Our resistance models demonstrate the heterogeneity of cancers and reveal the multiplicity of escape mechanisms. Our results provide support for the evaluation of combination therapy with downstream mediator inhibitors as a way to restore as well as enhance sensitivity to crizotinib. Citation Format: Nathan V. Lee, Joan Cao, Timothy Scheffelin, Lars Engstrom, Stephen Huang, Maruja Lira, Scott Garza, Jing Yuan, Blake Enyart, James Christensen, Julie Kan. Elucidation of crizotinib resistance in NCI-H3122 and strategies to circumvent bypass resistance. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2013 Apr 6-10; Washington, DC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 4464. doi:10.1158/1538-7445.AM2013-4464
Strain differences in consumption of saline solutions by mice

Intake of saline (NaCl) solutions and water by males of two inbred strains of mice [C57BL/6J (C57) and 129/J] were examined using 48-h, two-bottle preference tests. There was a large strain difference in saline intake: at moderate concentrations (0.075–0.150 M) C57 mice tended to reject saline relative to water, whereas 129/J mice preferred it. Both strains of mice increased their intake of saline following lasix-induced sodium depletion and the preference exhibited by 129/J mice for 0.15 M NaCl was eliminated following LiCl toxicosis. The rejection of moderate concentrations of saline by C57 was shown to be due, in part at least, to prior exposure to iso- or hypertonic saline solutions: C57 mice that had no prior exposure to saline exhibited a greater intake of saline than C57 mice previously exposed to 0.30 M NaCl. Saline preferences of the 129/J mice were not affected by prior exposure to 0.30 M NaCl. Thus, the strain difference in mouse salt preference is due in part to postingestional consequences of saline consumption in C57 but not 129/J mice.
Topological Theory of Entanglement : A Polymer Chain and a Fixed Barrier. : II. Frictional Coefficient of the Center of Mass

In the previous paper, a system composed of a polymer chain and a fixed barrier has been studied and a diffusion equation ha been derived for a simultaneous distribution function in regard to a few normal coordinates Q α and a few topological variables T α . In this paper, the following are given: (i) The nature of the diffusion equation is examined qualitatively and it is shown that the entanglement effect on the motion of the center of mass of the polymer chain is caused by fluctuations of the topological variables T α 2 around their equilibrium values, (ii) an average force acting an the center of mass is calculated exactly along its fixed trajectory and an expression of frictional coefficient ζ of the center of mass is derived. Numerical calculations of ζ are given in the following paper.
Heat exchanger effect on a gas refrigeration cycle

The heat exchanger effect on the power input of a gas refrigerator with a given cooling load is analyzed. The finite-time thermodynamic model adopted is a Brayton cycle coupled to a heat source and a heat sink with two heat exchangers. Both the heat source and heat sink have infinite heat capacity rates. Mathematical expressions for minimum power input and other characteristics of the refrigerator at minimum power are obtained for the cycle. The results of this theoretical work provide base line criteria for use in the performance evaluation and design of such refrigeration cycles as well as for use in performance comparisons with existing refrigerators.
Decoupling and suppression of MOSFET distortion components

If a nonsaturated long-channel MOSFET is driven by linear and parabolic gate signals (α1VD + α2VD2) derived from the drain signal VD, the drain current's odd and even distortion components are decoupled and can be independently nulled by separately setting the constants α1 and α2 under normal bias conditions. The authors present a model which accurately predicts measurements for single-ended and balanced circuit configurations down to at least 80 dB below the amplitude of the fundamental.
Enhancing Solar Energy Conversion Efficiency: A Tunable Dual-Excitation Dual-Emission Phosphors and Time-Dependent Density Functional Theory Study

The concept of dual-excitation dual-emission (DE2) phosphors for the enhancement of solar energy conversion is introduced in this work. Doping alkaline earth cations as an aggregated energy trap wi...
Red electrophosphorescence from a soluble binaphthol derivative as host and iridium complex as guest.

The investigation of the optical properties, carrier injection, and transport into a soluble small molecule, 6,6‘-dicarbazolyl-2,2‘-dihexyloxy-1,1‘-binaphthol (BA), was reported. The results demonstrated that BA is a blue-emitting molecule, which can be used as a host for the fabrication of electrophosphorescent light-emitting diodes (LEDs). The single-layer electrophosphorescent LEDs fabricated from toluene solution containing BA with tris[2,5-bis-2‘-(9‘,9‘-dihexylfluorene)pyridine-κ2NC3‘]iridium(III) [Ir(HFP)3] emitted red light from Ir(HFP)3 triplet emission. The results from photoluminescence (PL) and electroluminescence (EL) demonstrated that the dominated operational mechanism in EL was charge trapping rather than Forster transfer, which was the dominated mechanism in PL. The single-layer OLEDs with 1wt % of Ir(HFP)3 have a luminance (L) of 1000 cd/m2 at 22 V and a luminous efficiency (LE) of 0.88 cd/A at 11 mA/cm2. Double-layer electrophosphorescent LEDs fabricated by casting the emitting layer fro...
Trisomy 1 in a clinically recognized IVF pregnancy

Most chromosomal trisomies lead to spontaneous abortion. To date, trisomies of all human chromosomes have been observed. Chromosome 1 has been the most elusive, as trisomy 1 was the last aberration to be identified. To date there has been only one case report of a full trisomy 1 in the literature [1997: Am J Med Genet 68:98]. We have identified a second full trisomy 1 from the chromosome analysis of products of conception. We present a patient who conceived by in vitro fertilization (IVF). The cellular divisions of the fertilized egg were carefully monitored prior to transfer. Hormonal changes (increased hCG) indicated that implantation had occurred. Vaginal ultrasound demonstrated a gestational sac. At 42 days postfertilization no fetal heart beat could be detected. Cytogenetic analysis of the chorionic villi isolated from the products of conception found that all of the cells analyzed contained a 47,XY,+1 chromosomal complement.
An Alumni Oriented Approach to Sport Management Curriculum Design Using Performance Ratings and a Regression Model

Abstract Current methods employed for curriculum design fail to integrate the work demands placed on graduates of professional preparation programs. This is especially true of curricula which are designed using traditional and expert strategies. As an alternative, this present investigation proposes an alumni-based model to curriculum design. The alumni-based model relies on the assessment of curriculum by alumni. In addition, the alumni model utilizes performance ratings of employers and measures of satisfaction by alumni in a regression model to identify curricula leading to increased work performance and satisfaction. This model was tested with sport management alumni from the major sport management preparation programs. Surveys were sent to sport management alumni to assess their graduate training and work satisfaction. Surveys were also sent to employers of these graduates to assess sport manager performance. The regression analysis revealed that alternative curricular designs relate to manager perfo...
Ponceau S: A sensitive method for protein determination in freshly isolated and cultured cells

A protein assay method is described that involves simultaneous dye binding and precipitation of protein. It has a sensitivity comparable to the widely used Lowry and Bradford methods without the chemical interferences sometimes encountered with these methods in tissue culture conditions. The assay uses readily available reagents and is applicable to a variety of cell preparations.
Passive coherent combining of fiber oscillators

Passive combining of fiber oscillators may one day lead to a simple power scaling capability that multiplies the best results obtained by single devices. Along with HRL's unique approach and early experimental demonstrations, some extensive modeling is underway to sort through the current controversies in this area, to design for large numbers of fibers, and to create the most stable inphase beam output.