cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Association Between New-Onset Medicaid Home Care and Family Caregivers’ Health

Importance More than 17 million people in the US provide uncompensated care for adults with physical or cognitive limitations. Such caregiving is associated with worse mental and physical health, yet little research has investigated how publicly funded home care might ameliorate these harms. Objective To investigate the association between Medicaid home care services and family caregivers’ health. Design, Setting, and Participants This longitudinal cohort study used data from the 1996 to 2017 Medical Expenditures Panel Survey. Data on all household members were collected in 5 interviews over 2 years. Person-level difference-in-difference models were used to isolate within-person changes associated with new onset of Medicaid home care. The Medical Expenditures Panel Survey longitudinal data sets included 331 202 individuals (approximately 10% excluded owing to loss to follow-up). Adult (age ≥21 years) members of households that contained at least 1 person with limited activities of daily living were included in our study. The analysis itself was performed from March to August of 2020. Exposures New onset of regular (≥1 time per month) Medicaid home care in the household. Main Outcomes and Measures Self-rated mental and physical health (planned prior to beginning the study). Results The study population was 14 013 adults; 7232 were “likely caregivers,” or nondisabled adult coresidents of someone with activities of daily living limitations. Overall, 962 likely caregivers were ever exposed to Medicaid home care in the household; for 563, we observed the onset. Of likely caregivers exposed to Medicaid home care, 479 (50%) were women; 296 (31%) were White non-Hispanic, 309 (31%) were Hispanic or Latinx, and 279 (29%) were Black non-Hispanic individuals, respectively; 326 (34%) had less than a high school education; and 300 (31%) were in or near poverty. Median age of participants was 51 (interquartile range, 39-62) years. New-onset Medicaid home care was associated with a 0.08 standard deviation improvement in likely caregivers’ self-rated mental health (95% CI, 0.01-0.14;P = .02) measured 1 to 6 months after onset, equivalent to a 3.39% improvement (95% CI, 0.05%-6.33%) over their average preonset mental health. No association with self-rated physical health was found ( Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study, Medicaid home care was associated with improvement in caregiver self-rated mental health, but not with any short-term change in self-rated physical health. When evaluating the social value of home care programs, policy makers should consider spillover benefits to caregivers.
Enhanced oil recovery with anionic and zwitterionic surfactants in carbonate rocks: A CT-aided investigation

Abstract Surfactant-polymer enhanced oil recovery (EOR) in carbonates is challenging at high salinity/hardness and high temperature conditions due to poor aqueous stability at these conditions. This work finds that a surfactant blend of zwitterionic surfactant (lauryl betaine) and anionic surfactants (carboxylate & internal olefin sulfonate – IOS) that is aqueous stable at 4–6 wt% salinity and 100 °C and has ultralow water/oil interfacial tension (IFT) to allow near-miscible water/oil displacement to enhance oil recovery. The surfactant-polymer aqueous stability is greatly improved after mixing 2 wt% oil to create a homogeneous oil-in-water microemulsion. Flow experiments are conducted at 100 °C in Indiana limestone cores with vugs and microporosity. The zwitterionic-anionic surfactant blend reduces oil saturation to 10% and drains oil in pores ≥200 nm. In comparison, the anionic blend (carboxylate + IOS) reduces oil saturation to 23% and drains oil in pores ≥1 μm. The adsorption of both surfactant blends on carbonate is less than 0.4 mg/g. Particularly, the X-ray computed tomography (CT) images show a negative correlation between pixel-wise oil saturation and porosity during oil displacements by water and by surfactant/polymer. This correlation is likely due to capillary pressure and the mixed wettability of the Indiana limestone. These results provide new surfactant formulations for EOR at extreme conditions and insights for modeling EOR in rocks with porosity heterogeneity and mixed-wettability.
Alterations in Brain Tissue Neurochemistry following Chronic ‘Bath Salts' Exposure

The abuse of synthetic cathinones, formerly marketed as 'bath salts', represents a significant public health crisis. These powder compounds, predominantly administered by insufflation, exist as a m...
Steady State Regulation of Intracellular pH in Isolated Rabbit Gastric Glands: Roles for Na/H and Cl/OH (HCO3)Exchange

Intracellular pH (pHi) was measured using the fluorescent dye 2′7′-bis(carboxyethyl)-5(6)-carbo.Nyfluorescein (BCECF) in cells of isolated rabbit gastric glands that were either suspended in a stirred cuvet or attached to a cover slip. Glands were treated with HCO 3 -free Ringer's (100% O 2 gassing) of different ionic composition and extracellular pH (pH o ). In NaCl Ringer's steady state pH i = 7.15 was independent of PH o over the range pH o 7.1–7.8. This regulatory range of pH i (=0.7 pH units) was abolished by sodium-free Ringer's or addition of 10 -3 M amiloride and also by 10 -4 M ouabain. Chloride-free Ringer's or 2 × 10 -4 M SITS caused an elevation of pHi to 7.5, and the regulatory range was reduced in magnitude to 0.50 pH units (pH o 7.3–7.8). At pH o values outside the regulatory ranges, pH i was linearly related to pH o , although the specific slope that related pH i to pH o , depended on the composition of the external solution. In potassium gluconate Ringer's, pH i was completely independent of pH o . The data suggest that (a) NaIH exchange is primarily responsible for the regulation of pH i over a wide range of pH o , although the specific pH i and the range of regulation are affected by the activity of the Cl/OH (HCO 3 ) exchanger; (b) the movement of protons or hydroxyl ions, or both, across gland cell membranes appears to be mediated under most circumstances by these two exchangers.
A prospective clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the combination of rituximab and plerixafor as a mobilization regimen for patients with lymphoma

BACKGROUND: Previous reports suggested that rituximab may impair stem cell collection and posttransplant engraftment in lymphoma patients undergoing autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective biologic allocation study examined the effect of adding rituximab to a mobilization regimen of plerixafor and granulocyte–colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) for patients with CD20+ lymphoma compared with CD20− lymphoma patients mobilized without rituximab. The primary endpoint was safety of the rituximab-containing regimen; secondary endpoints compared the efficiency of stem cell collection, posttransplant engraftment, graft characteristics, mobilization kinetics, immune reconstitution, and engraftment durability between the cohorts of patients with CD20+ and CD20− lymphoma. RESULTS: Fifteen subjects assigned to each treatment arm were accrued. Both mobilization regimens had similar toxicities. The median number of CD34+ cells collected (7.4 × 106/kg vs. 6.4 × 106/kg) and the median numbers of days of apheresis needed to collect stem cells were not different between the CD20+ and CD20− cohorts. No significant differences in neutrophil engraftment (median, 13.5 days vs. 13 days) or platelet engraftment (22 vs. 21 days) or in graft durability were seen comparing patients with CD20+ versus CD20− lymphoma. There were no significant differences in the kinetics of blood T-cell or natural killer–cell reconstitution comparing the two groups. B-cell reconstitution was delayed in the CD20+ lymphoma group, but this did not translate into a significant increase in infectious complications. CONCLUSION: Rituximab can be safely added to the combination of plerixafor and G-CSF as a mobilization strategy without excess toxicity or posttransplant engraftment delays for patients with chemosensitive lymphoma undergoing autologous hematopoietic progenitor cell transplantation.
Lipoxin recognition sites. Specific binding of labeled lipoxin A4 with human neutrophils.

Lipoxin A4 stimulates rapid lipid remodeling and a pertussis toxin-sensitive release of arachidonic acid in polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMN) (Nigam, S., Fiore, S., Luscinskas, F.W., and Serhan, C.N. (1990) J. Cell. Physiol. 143, 512-523) and has been shown to inhibit leukocyte responses in several systems. To examine the basis underlying these actions, we have prepared [11,12-3H]lipoxin A4 (LXA4) and characterized its interactions with human PMN. Time course studies (0-90 min) with intact PMN demonstrated cell association of 3H label which was specific and reversible. PMN bound [3H]LXA4 with a Kd of 0.5 +/- 0.3 nM, representing approximately 1,830 sites/PMN, and the Hill plot value of 1.9 suggests cooperative binding. [3H]LXA4 binding was stereoselective since neither leukotriene B4 (LTB4), lipoxin B4 (LXB4), (6S)-LXA4, 11-trans-LXA4, nor SKF 104353 competed for [3H]LXA4-specific binding while LTD4 and LTC4 partially competed. Subcellular fractionation revealed that specific binding with [3H]LXA4 was associated with membrane (42.1%)-, granule (34.5%)-, and nuclear (23.3%)-enriched fractions, a distribution distinct from that of [14,15-3H] LTB4 binding. [11,12-3H]LXA4-specific binding was modulated by guanosine analogs, suggesting the involvement of G proteins. A fluorescent LXA4 derivative (methyl-7-methoxycoumarin-LXA4) competed with [3H]LXA4 binding to intact PMN and showed specific and reversible binding as monitored by flow cytometric analysis. These results indicate that PMN possess specific recognition sites for LXA4 which may mediate its actions.
Convergence rate analysis of a multivariable recursive least squares parameter estimator

Control design of complex systems offer many challenges, particularly under system uncertainty. System identification, and in particular, parameter estimation is one of the crucial steps for many control strategies requiring a reasonable system model. Then the issue becomes one of selecting the parameter identifier in such a way that convergence can be obtained within a relatively fast period while the control is compensating under uncertainty. In this paper, a convergence rate analysis procedure is developed for multivariable parameter identification. The method allows the designer to select the appropriate initial conditions in order to satisfy a desired convergence rate through an error weighting matrix. Further, this paper develops an exact continuous-time solution in the recursive least squares problem and relates the results to the classical discrete-time case; time-scaling and traditional discrete recursive approaches are shown to be appropriate approximations to this continuous-time result. Finally, the parameter identifier procedure is applied to an example to illustrate the effects of selecting the initial auxiliary matrix to satisfy convergence and the effects of time-scaling on discrete-time and continuous time recursive least squares estimation.
Salivary excretion of Coxsackie b-1 virus in rabbits.

Coxsackie B-1 virus was injected into the ear vein of albino doe rabbits. Saliva and blood samples were taken before the injection of virus and at specific times thereafter. Virus was recovered in the whole saliva when the blood titer was approximately 104 TCID50 per 0.1 ml or greater. The virus could be detected in the saliva as early as 2 min after the initiation of the viremia. The recovered virus was shown to be the same as the injected virus by serological identification of the recovered virus with neutralizing antibody for Coxsackie B-1 virus. These results suggest that virus may be transmitted to other animals in the saliva of animals who are in the viremic phase of infection without infection of the oropharyngeal tissues.
RNA Synthesis by Reverse Direction Process: Phosphoramidites and High Purity RNAs and Introduction of Ligands, Chromophores, and Modifications at 3′‐End

We have synthesized and studied the coupling properties of 3'-DMT-5'-CE phosphoramidites. The coupling efficiency per step surpasses 99% in the reverse-direction synthesis methodology, leading to high-purity RNA in a large number of 20- to 21-mers and long-chain oligonucleotides. Our data show that 5'→3' direction synthesis has a distinct advantage compared to the conventional method. As a result, this method of RNA synthesis is expected to be a very useful and practical method of choice for therapeutic-grade RNA. The phosphoramidites, Rev-A-n-bz, Rev-C-n-bz, Rev-C-n-ac, Rev-G-n-ac, and Rev-rU are routinely produced with an HPLC purity of greater than 98% and (31)P NMR purity greater than 99.5%.
Advances in HPGe Detectors for Real-World Applications

Germanium detector use and crystal production has progressed to such a degree that the IEEE standard for the performance of the detector is no longer adequate to predict the efficacy for a different situation. The specifications of the standard do not predict how a detector will perform at other energies or geometries. One such geometry that is poorly predicted is extended sources. Many parts of the detector and electronics that can be changed to make the total system perform better for a specific case, but such changes can worsen the performance of the detector at the IEEE specification. Examples will be given for the efficiency, MDA, throughput, and resolution for different source—detector and crystal configurations.
Measuring progress of collaborative action in a community health effort.

OBJECTIVE: To measure the progress made by the collaborative actions of multisectorial partners in a community health effort using a systematic method to document and evaluate community/system changes over time. METHODS: This was a community-based participatory research project engaging community partners of the Latino Health for All Coalition, which based on the Health for All model, addresses health inequity in a low-income neighborhood in Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America. Guided by three research questions regarding the extent to which the Coalition catalyzed change, intensity of change, and how to visually display change, data were collected on community/system changes implemented by the community partners from 2009-2012. These changes were characterized and rated according to intensity (event duration, population reach, and strategy) and by other categories, such as social determinant of health mechanism and sector. RESULTS: During the 4-year study period, the Coalition implemented 64 community/system changes. These changes were aligned with the Coalition's primary goals of healthy nutrition, physical activity, and access to health screenings. Community/system efforts improved over time, becoming longer in duration and reaching more of the population. CONCLUSIONS: Although evidence of its predictive validity awaits further research, this method for documenting and characterizing community/system changes enables community partners to see progress made by their health initiatives.
Impact of electronic data monitoring on the incidence of hyperoxia in premature neonates

Background: Episodes of hyperoxia, a known risk factor for bronchopulmonary dysplasia in premature neonates, most often are identified manually by care providers. Objective: We sought to determine whether an automated electronic data surveillance tool (DST) would reduce the rate of hyperoxic episodes in premature neonates. Methods: We studied all neonates born at Because our standard clinical data systems collect data at 15 minute intervals, we prospectively defined a hyperoxic episode as three consecutive measurements (at 0, 15 and 30 minutes) of O 2 sat >92%, the upper limit of the RTP. During E1 and E2, O 2 sats >92% were detected manually by the bedside nurses. During E3, the DST analyzed clinical data and automatically notified the charge nurse of a patient9s hyperoxic episode. We retrospectively compared the rate of hyperoxic episodes of each epoch, using the Chi-squared test to determine statistical significance. Results: Neonates treated during E3 experienced fewer hyperoxic episodes than those treated during E2 (17 v. 24 episodes per 1000 O 2 sat measurements; p 2 sat measurements; p Conclusion: Use of a DST was associated with less frequent episodes of hyperoxia among premature neonates and seemed to enhance the efficacy of a respiratory treatment protocol.
Fine-grained histopathological image analysis via robust segmentation and large-scale retrieval

Computer-aided diagnosis of medical images requires thorough analysis of image details. For example, examining all cells enables fine-grained categorization of histopathological images. Traditional computational methods may have efficiency issues when performing such detailed analysis. In this paper, we propose a robust and scalable solution to achieve this. Specifically, a robust segmentation method is developed to delineate region-of-interests (e.g., cells) accurately, using hierarchical voting and repulsive active contour. A hashing-based large-scale retrieval approach is also designed to examine and classify them by comparing with a massive training database. We evaluate this proposed framework on a challenging and important clinical use case, i.e., differentiation of two types of lung cancers (the adenocarcinoma and the squamous carcinoma), using thousands of histopathological images extracted from hundreds of patients. Our method has achieved promising performance, i.e., 87.3% accuracy and 1.68 seconds by searching among half-million cells.
Deterrence as Social Control in the United States and China

This paper compares the use of deterrence as a method of social control in the United States and China. The comparison includes the assumptions and prerequisites that lead to such a difference, and...
The Emerging Role of Cytochrome P450 3A in Psychopharmacology

Recent advances in molecular pharmacology have allowed the characterization of the specific isoforms that mediate the metabolism of various medications. This information can be integrated with older clinical observations to begin to develop specific mechanistic and predictive models of psychotropic drug interactions. The polymorphic cytochrome P450 2D6 has gained much attention, because competition for this isoform is responsible for serotonin reuptake inhibitor-induced increases in tricyclic antidepressant concentrations in plasma. However, the cytochrome P450 3A subfamily and the 3A3 and 3A4 isoforms (CYP3A3/4) in particular are becoming increasingly important in psychopharmacology as a result of their central involvement in the metabolism of a wide range of steroids and medications, including antidepressants, benzodiazepines, calcium channel blockers, and carbamazepine. The inhibition of CYP3A3/4 by medications such as certain newer antidepressants, calcium channel blockers, and antibiotics can increase the concentrations of CYP3A3/4 substrates, yielding toxicity. The induction of CYP3A3/4 by medications such as carbamazepine can decrease the concentrations of CYP3A3/4 substrates, yielding inefficiency. Thus, knowledge of the substrates, inhibitors, and inducers of CYP3A3/ and other cytochrome P450 isoforms may help clinicians to anticipate and avoid pharmacokinetic drug interactions and improve rational prescribing practices.
Effect of Stiffening on Sound Transmission into a Cylindrical Shell in Flight

Theme I the context of airborne-noise transmission through an aircraft fuselage, a mathematical model is presented for sound transmission into a stiffened cylindrical shell. The stiffening effect of the ring frames and stringers is approximated by a "smeared" stiffener theory which includes the eccentricity of the stiffeners. Numerical results are presented for a typical narrow-bodied jet in cruising flight.
Somatic embryogenesis and plant regeneration of litchi ( Litchi chinensis Sonn.) from leaves of mature phase trees

Embryogenic cultures were induced from leaflets from new vegetative flushes of mature ‘Brewster’ litchi trees on B5 medium containing 400 mg l−1 glutamine, 200 mg l−1 casein hydrolysate, 30 g l−1 sucrose, 4.52 μM 2,4-D, 9.30 μM kinetin and 3 g l−1 gellan gum in darkness. Embryogenic cultures consisting of proembryonic cells and masses were maintained either on semi-solid MS medium supplemented with 4.52 μM 2,4-D and 0.91 μM zeatin or as embryogenic suspension cultures in liquid medium of the same composition. Maturation of somatic embryos occurred on semi-solid MS medium with 5–20% (v/v) filter-sterilized coconut water in darkness. Recovery of plants from somatic embryos was improved with 14.4 μM GA3 on half-strength MS medium with 0.2 g l−1 activated charcoal under a 16 h photoperiod provided by cool white fluorescent lights (60–80 μmol s−1 m−2). Plants have been successfully acclimatized in the greenhouse.
Chemical interactions as a possible limitation on the useful solvent properties of liquid alkylammonium salts

Abstract Gas-liquid chromatography was used to study the nature of solute-solvent interactions in liquid alkylammonium salts over a wide temperature range. For the tetrabutylammonium chloride, picrate, methanesulfonate, trifluoromethanesulfonate, and 4-toluenesulfonate salts and the butylammonium, dibutylammonium, and tributylammonium 4-toluenesulfonate salts the only significant chemical reactions observed were nucleophilic displacement of halogens from saturated carbon and the degradation of alkanethiols on some salts. The situation with strong nitrogen bases is ambiguous since their chromatographic properties are poor. Hydrocarbons, halobenzenes, nitro compounds, weak nitrogen bases, ketones, aldehydes, ethers, esters, alcohols, phenols, and carboxylic acids interact by physical forces only. These new, low melting, polar solvents extend the range of solvating properties of non-ionic solvents and should find many applications in chemistry and technology.
A design of triode electron gun

A theoretical study has been made of the focusing of high-current electron beams by means of the aperture effect. The aperture effect is obtained by a triode electron optical system. An equation for describing the beam profile in the system has been described. Both the condition for obtaining the minimum radius of the beam and the condition for optimum focus have also been worked out. Two numerical examples are treated to illustrate the triode focusing of electron beams with two different total current magnitudes of 50 and 250 µa. It is found that by using this triode system the final energy of the electrons and the total current of the electron beam may be adjusted separately.
The adiabatic correction to molecular potential surfaces in the SCF approximation

Abstract Formulas for the adiabatic correction to the potential energy in the SCF approximation are derived in a density matrix form.
Some characteristics of electric field momentum coupling with the neutral atmosphere

A three-dimensional model has been developed to describe momentum coupling between high-latitude electric fields, neutral winds, temperature, and composition. The Hall drag is found to be the main source for atmospheric winds and the small divergence component of winds is due to the Pedersen drag and the Hall drag. Adiabatic heat transfer is responsible for the back pressure which damps the divergence field and for the reversal in circulation of the divergence field at higher altitudes. Back pressure causes a decrease in total wind velocity of about 10% at exospheric heights and by a factor of about 2 at 120 km. The wind field with the pressure feedback may be simulated by neglecting pressure variations and the Coriolis force. Density variations of Ar, N2, O, and He, induced by the momentum source, are in phase above 120 km and out of phase with the temperature amplitude above 150 km. The electrostatic field momentum source is ineffective for directly inducing density and temperature variations in the upper thermosphere.
An examination of media richness theory in product Web site design: an empirical study

Internet2 research will lead to new technologies that will launch the Internet into another wave of unprecedented growth with enhanced interactivity and greater amounts of information delivered via richer communication. As a result, Web‐based retailers must begin to rethink the design of their sites, the amount of information to provide, and the degree of media richness to deliver. Based on a large sample of managers, this study examines media richness theory in the context of simple and complex products. The findings suggest that, overall, Internet users have more positive attitudes and higher levels of satisfaction with regard to rich sites than to lean sites, although the results for simple product sites were inconclusive. The study discusses the impact of the results for both simple and complex products and details the development of a new experimental instrument to measure user attitudes and satisfaction.
Accelerated monotonic convergence of optimal control over quantum dynamics

The control of quantum dynamics is often concerned with finding time-dependent optimal control fields that can take a system from an initial state to a final state to attain the desired value of an observable. This paper presents a general method for formulating monotonically convergent algorithms to iteratively improve control fields. The formulation is based on a two-point boundary-value quantum control paradigm (TBQCP) expressed as a nonlinear integral equation of the first kind arising from dynamical invariant tracking control. TBQCP is shown to be related to various existing techniques, including local control theory, the Krotov method, and optimal control theory. Several accelerated monotonic convergence schemes for iteratively computing control fields are derived based on TBQCP. Numerical simulations are compared with the Krotov method showing that the new TBQCP schemes are efficient and remain monotonically convergent over a wide range of the iteration step parameters and the control pulse lengths, which is attributable to the trap-free character of the transition probability quantum dynamics control landscape.
Personal and workplace factors and median nerve function in a pooled study of 2396 US workers

Objective:Evaluate associations between personal and workplace factors and median nerve conduction latency at the wrist.Methods:Baseline data on workplace psychosocial and physical exposures were pooled from four prospective studies of production and service workers (N = 2396). During the follow-up
In Vitro Bile Acid Binding of Flours from Oat Lines Varying in Percentage and Molecular Weight Distribution of β-Glucan

Two experimental high beta-glucan oat (Avena sativa) lines (7.64 and 8.05%) and two traditional lines (4.77 and 5.26% beta-glucan) were used to evaluate the effect of beta-glucan quantity and molecular weight on bile acid (BA) binding. The oat flour samples were digested by an in vitro system that simulated human digestion. No significant differences among oat type were found in the overall beta-glucan, starch, and pentosan digestibilities. Considering the standard, cholestyramine, as 100% bound, the relative BA binding for the oat flour samples on a dry matter basis was in the range of 7.5-14.8%, which is higher than the values determined for some other grains and plant materials in the literature. Although the high beta-glucan flours bound a high amount of BA, no significant correlations were found between beta-glucan content in the flours and BA binding. Significant correlations were found between BA binding and insoluble dietary fiber content. Partial hydrolysis with lichenase of the beta-glucan molecules did not affect the BA binding. A summary of all data suggested that BA binding is a multicomponent-dependent process.
Implementation and performance of the BioFire FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification panel with antimicrobial treatment recommendations for bloodstream infections at a midwestern academic tertiary hospital

The FilmArray® Blood Culture Identification (BCID) panel was recently implemented at a midwestern academic tertiary care hospital to provide rapid identification (ID) of common pathogens from positive blood cultures. This study evaluated the clinical performance of the BCID panel compared to culture-based ID methods. One hundred thirty-eight monomicrobial and 8 polymicrobial blood cultures were evaluated during the 30-day study resulting in the ID of 152 total organisms by culture with 115 organisms correctly identified using the BCID panel. The BCID panel had sensitivities of 80.4% (115/152) for all organisms identified during the study and 94.6% (115/122) when considering only on-panel organisms. BCID panel specificity was 100%. Implementation of the BCID panel was coupled with the development of empiric therapy recommendations for bloodstream infections by the antimicrobial stewardship team. Based on this study, the FilmArray® BCID panel is a rapid and reliable test for the detection of common bloodstream pathogens, and therapeutic decisions can be based upon panel results.
Optimal assignment of research and development projects in a large company using an integer programming model

Presented is an integer programming project assignment model based on five key assumptions: 1) the research projects that need to be assigned have been already approved by the company management, 2) the effort required to carry out the research has been estimated to be approximately equal to the company research capacity, 3) it is possible to assign a given project to any one of several research teams or laboratories, 4) researchers vary in their efficiency to research a given project. and 5) it is possible to quantify this difference. A sample problem is solved using a transportation type algorithm.
Paleoseismicity, Ecological Change, and Prehistoric Exploitation of Anadromous Fishes in the Salmon River Basin, Western Idaho, USA:

By the middle Holocene, Native American groups developed semi-sedentary villages in the Columbia River basin of the Pacific Northwest. The economic basis for these villages is thought to have been predicated on the acquisition of bulk food resources, such as salmon and camas, for delayed consumption during the winter. In Idaho's lower Salmon River canyon, semi-sedentary pit house villages are absent until after 2000 14C yr BP. Floodplain geochronology shows channel incision and terrace formation occurred at ca. 2000 14C yr BP, caused by fluvial response to neotectonic displacement along a normal fault. The delayed appearance of pit house sites and other markers of the Winter Village Pattern in the canyon is argued to be directly related to neotectonically-induced changes in fluvial conditions after 2000 14C yr BP, which significantly improved aquatic habitats for anadromous fishes and led to the development of a predictable, productive salmon fishery.
FROM ABSOLUTE TO PROBABLE AND FUZZY IN DECISION‐MAKING

General Systems Theory postulates the existence of many general theories that serve to describe isomorphisms across systems. The theory of Fuzzy Sets can be considered as one particular general theory which describes the phenomenon of ambiguity across all systems displaying this property and its consequences. Fuzzy Set Theory is a mathematical development that holds great promise in becoming the metalanguage of ambiguity, in a way parallel to Statistics and Probability Theory which represent the metalanguage of uncertainty. Fuzzy Sets appear particularly well suited to model ambiguity in the context of the systems paradigm which has been offered as a counterpart to the traditional science paradigm. A decision model is used to discuss the differences between these two paradigms and to show the role which Fuzzy Sets can play in resolving some of the epistemological problems in the domain of the social sciences.
HYBRID NARRATIVES: THE MAKING OF CHARACTER AND NARRATIVE AUTHORITY IN RUDYARD KIPLING'S “HIS CHANCE IN LIFE”

When Rudyard Kipling offered his wry observations on officialdom in Imperial India to his cousin, Margaret Bourne-Jones, in 1885, he might have been toying with the kernel of one of his more perplexing stories on race and hybridity, written for his 1888 anthology, Plain Tales from the Hills. When Kipling actually came to address this theme fictionally, in his short story entitled “His Chance in Life,” he made one crucial change: he substituted a dark-skinned telegraphist of mixed race for an Englishman, thereby engaging with the illogics of character that hybridity posed for narratives on race and Empire. In Kipling's story, his hybrid hero, stationed in the mofussil town of Tibasu, experiences a sudden surge of Britishness in the mixed blood flowing in his veins at the moment when crisis strikes, and leads a group of terrified policemen in quelling a communal riot between Hindus and Muslims. He is found guilty of exercising unconstitutional authority by a Hindu sub-judge, but the verdict is set aside by the British Assistant Collector. As a reward, he is promoted to an up-country Central Telegraph Office, where he proceeds to marry his ugly sweetheart, also of mixed race parentage, and live happily with a large brood of children in quarters on the office premises, a loyal government servant, “at home” with officialdom and Empire.
Short-cut estimators of criterion-referenced test consistency:

The purpose of this paper is to present relatively easy-to-calculate estimates for the consistency of criterion-referenced tests (CRTs). Four techniques are demonstrated using data from a CRT administered in the intermediate ESL reading classes in the English Language Institute at the University of Hawaii at Manoa. First, the threshold loss agreement approach is represented by the agreement coefficient (Subkoviak 1980) and kappa coefficient (Cohen 1960). Until recently, these coefficients could only be applied in test-retest CRT situa tions. Alternative and simpler methods (suggested by Subkoviak 1988) are given for estimating these coefficients from the results of a single CRT administration. Second, the squared-error loss agreement approach is repre sented by the phi(lambda) dependability index, for which simplified calcula tions, derived from Brennan (1980), are given. Finally, the domain score dependability approach is represented by a short-cut method for estimating a general purpose phi coefficient....
Summary talk at the international symposium on strangeness in hadronic matter

A selected summary of the workshop is presented. Emphasis is placed on the future role of studying kaon rare decay and an apparent solution of the ..delta..I = 1/2 enhancement in strangeness-changing weak decays. Also discussed is a proposed kaon condensate of hadronic matter as well as recent and proposed experiments on S = -1, -2 dibaryons. The summary concludes with a brief discussion of the status of hypernucleus research. 12 refs., 4 figs., 1 tab.
Pituitary-adrenal response to stress in rats with hypothalamic islands.

Summary To pursue the question of hypothalamic autonomy, ‘non-stress’ and stress levels of corticosterone (Cpd B) were determined fluorometrically in plasma obtained before and after stress from adult female rats with hypothalamic (HI), basal hypothalamic (BHI) and pituitary (PI) islands. Sham-operated and intact rats served as controls. Twenty-four hours after partial brain removal, blood samples were obtained rapidly (
Intelligent alloy design: engineering single crystals superalloys amenable for manufacture

AbstractThe solidification characteristics of high refractory content nickel based superalloy single crystals have been studied over a wide range of composition. To assess the influence of composition on distribution coefficients, quantitative segregation mapping experiments have been conducted on as cast single crystals. Additionally, differential thermal analysis was utilised to measure the composition dependence of liquidus, solidus and γ′ solvus temperatures. Over the range of composition characteristic of the most advanced commercial single crystal alloys, synergistic interactions existing between select constituent elements were found to mitigate the severity of Re and W segregation during dendritic solidification. Minor additions of carbon, in the range of 0·05–0·15 wt-%, were also found to reduce the degree of Re and W segregation during solidification. In both instances, controlling the extent of Re and W segregation during solidification was shown to strongly influence the tendency of the alloy ...
A High Speed Magneto-Optic Camera System

A 7 nsec exposure time magneto-optic camera system has been constructed for observation of dynamic magnetic phenomena such as occurs in magnetic bubble domain devices. The system employs a super-radiant nitrogen pulsed dye laser as a light source, a polarizing microscope to make the magnetic features visible, and a low light level T. V. system for recording the observed phenomena. The laser pulse is synchronized within 1 nsec to the dynamic magnetic process to be observed and the video system framing rate may be synchronized to the laser so that each recorded video picture is a record of one instant in one dynamic process. A coil assembly and drive electronics were constructed to permit optical access to the magnetic sample and simultaneous application of high frequency (to 1 MHz) rotating magnetic fields (to 60 Oe) required to drive a bubble memory. To make the magnetic domains, which may be smaller than one micron, visible, polarizing optics and the Kerr or Faraday magneto-optic effects are employed. Techniques for optimizing the visibility of magnetic domains in such a system are discussed in detail. The system has made possible the visual observation of high speed magnetic bubble domain phenomena and has contributed significantly to the understanding of bubble domain dynamics.
PERCUTANEOUS TECHNIC FOR CARDIAC PACING WITH A PLATINUM-TIPPED ELECTRODE CATHETER.

Abstract We have reported a rapid and simple percutaneous technic for initiating intracardiac pacing at the bedside utilizing a small platinum-tipped wire electrode catheter. The method is valuable and potentially life-saving, both pro-phylactically and therapeutically, in the management of Stokes-Adams disease, complete heart block and asystole, particularly when drugs prove ineffective.
GLUT4, GLUT1, and GLUT8 are the dominant GLUT transcripts expressed in the murine left ventricle

The heart derives energy from a wide variety of substrates including fatty acids, carbohydrates, ketones, and amino acids. The healthy heart generates up to 30% of its ATP from glucose. Under conditions of cardiac injury or stress, the heart relies even more heavily on glucose as a source of fuel. Glucose is transported into the heart by members of the family of facilitative glucose transporters (GLUTs). While research examining the transport of glucose into the heart has primarily focused on the roles of the classical glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT4, little is known about the functions of more newly identified GLUT isoforms in the myocardium. In this study the presence and relative RNA message abundance of each of the known GLUT isoforms was determined in left ventricular tissue from two commonly used inbred laboratory mouse strains (C57BL/6J and FVB/NJ) by quantitative real time PCR. Relative message abundance was also determined in GLUT4 null mice and in murine models of dilated and hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. GLUT4, GLUT1, and GLUT8 were found to be the most abundant GLUT transcripts in the normal heart, while GLUT3, GLUT10, and GLUT12 are present at relatively lower levels. Assessment of relative GLUT expression in left ventricular myocardium from mice with dilated cardiomyopathy revealed increased expression of GLUT1 with reduced levels of GLUT4, GLUT8, and GLUT12. Compensatory increase in the expression of GLUT12 was observed in genetically altered mice lacking GLUT4. Glucose transporter expression varies significantly among murine models of cardiac dysfunction and involves several of the class III GLUT isoforms. Understanding how these more newly identified GLUT isoforms contribute to regulating myocardial glucose transport will enhance our comprehension of the normal physiology and pathophysiology of the heart.
Complex signal received through an anisotropic panel intercepting a circularly polarized beam

An inclined planar panel, which is generally anisotropic, intercepting a circularly polarized beam introduces loss and phase shift, and depolarizes the received signal. Orthogonal linearly polarized waves aligned to the symmetry planes are often used in the measurement of such panels. Using these data, convenient graphs are presented to illustrate the loss and phase shift of a circularly polarized beam, as well as the amount of depolarization into an orthogonal circularly polarized channel, without explicitly determining the intermediate axial ratio or polarization ellipse tilt angle of the emerging wave. >
Identification of viral agents causing gastroenteritis among children in Buenos Aires, Argentina.

Abstract Background : Gastroenteritis is one of the most common diseases affecting children and rotavirus is the major etiological agent worldwide. Although the role of rotaviruses as a causal agent of gastroenteritis has been previously established in Argentina, little is known about the frequency of other gastrointestinal viruses. Objectives : The present study was designed to determine the frequency of calicivirus in comparison with rotavirus, astrovirus and adenovirus type 40/41 in our country. Study design : Sixty six diarrhea patients (10%) =3 years of age, were randomly selected from a previous series (9/1997–8/1998) and virus frequency determined using RT-PCR and/or commercial EIAs. In addition, we sequenced the RNA polymerase region of calicivirus-positive samples to characterize Argentine strains. Results: We detected at least one viral agent in 48.5% (32/66) of the patients. Rotavirus, calicivirus, astrovirus, and enteric adenovirus were found in 17, 16, 5, and 2 children, respectively. Sequence analysis of 4 calicivirus positive samples allowed us to identify a strain clustered to Lorsdale virus, one strain clustered with Manchester virus and two strains clustered with London/92 virus. Conclusions: Our data suggest that calicivirus and rotavirus are major agents of gastroenteritis in children younger than 3 years of age in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Unfortunately, viral diagnosis is seldom available in Argentine hospitals and coproculture results are mostly negative. Our data supports the need to develop rapid and sensitive tests for calicivirus diagnosis. The introduction of affordable viral diagnosis in our pediatric hospitals will improve patient care by reducing the unnecessary use of antibiotics.
Including model uncertainty in estimating variances in multiple capture studies

We present bootstrap-based methods which incorporate model uncertainty in estimating variances in multiple capture studies. Each of our three methods has a specific set of properties, and we discuss when each method should be used. Our first method can be used in any multiple capture setting, but it gives an estimate of the variance conditional on the number of observed animals. Our other two methods yield estimates of the unconditional variance; they require good estimates of part or all of the specific probability model, respectively. Smoothed estimated cell probabilities are utilized by the latter method. We contrast the three methods on a real-life data set, and then conduct simulations for a simple setting. Finally, we detail the use of our methodology for specific settings and discuss adaptations for tag-return studies.
TF012 - high temperature sputtering of barium strontium titanate on nickel foils

The effects of sputtering temperature on the dielectric properties and the microstructure of barium strontium titanate thin films have been investigated. (Ba0.6Sr0.4)TiO3 films were deposited on Ni foils by radio frequency magnetron sputtering at temperatures between 100-450 °C. Pt top electrodes were sputtered and the metal-insulator-metal configuration was obtained. The capacitors were subsequently co-fired at 900 °C for crystallization and densification in a reducing atmosphere to avoid oxidation of Ni. The permittivity and the tunability of the films were observed to increase with the sputtering temperature, reaching a maximum at 400 °C with a permittivity of 1800 and a tunability ratio of 10:1 at an applied electric field of 45 V/μm. Loss tangents were less than 1.5% at 10 kHz. The formation of NiO was observed in samples sputtered at temperatures above 450 °C and resulted in degraded dielectric properties. Atomic force microscopy images revealed increasing grain size with the increasing sputtering temperature. This microstructural trend accounts for the increasing permittivity values and sharper ferroelectric anomalies found in films processed with increasing sputter temperature.
Preliminary joint X-ray and neutron protein crystallographic studies of endoxylanase II from the fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum.

Room-temperature X-ray and neutron diffraction data were measured from a family 11 endoxylanase holoenzyme (XynII) originating from the filamentous fungus Trichoderma longibrachiatum to 1.55 A resolution using a home source and to 1.80 A resolution using the Protein Crystallography Station at LANSCE. Crystals of XynII, which is an important enzyme for biofuel production, were grown at pH 8.5 in order to examine the effect of basic conditions on the protonation-state distribution in the active site and throughout the protein molecule and to provide insights for rational engineering of catalytically improved XynII for industrial applications.
Urologic manifestations of Wegener granulomatosis.

Abstract Wegener granulomatosis is a disease characterized by necrotizing granuloniatous angiitis involving the upper and lower respiratory tracts and the kidneys. The introduction of cyclophosphamide in. the treatment of Wegener granulomatosis has dramatically altered the rapidly fatal course of the disease and has altered our thinking regarding its management. Recently we have cared for 3 patients who demonstrated a dramatic spectrum of urinary tract pathology related to Wegener granulomatosis. The cases presented offer three points for consideration by the urologist: (1) the manifestations of the disease in the genitourinary tract can be varied and can present in a dramatic fashion; (2) the rapid progression of renal failure and the nearly uniform mortality associated with the disease have changed largely because of the use of cyclophosphaimide; and (3) our approach toward patients with renal failure on the basis of Wegener granulomatosis can be altered, and renal transplantation is certainly feasible with the increased longevity afforded these patients by eyclophosphamide.
Hyperolfaction and Hyperemesis Gravidarum: What Is the Relationship?

The exact etiology of hyperemesis gravidarum (pernicious vomiting of pregnancy) is unknown, but hyperolfaction may be one contributing factor. The net result of hyperolfaction in pregnancy may be a mechanism cuing the pregnant woman to seek a cleaner, quieter, more temperate environment.
Virus-induced diabetes mellitus. X. Attachment of encephalomyocarditis virus and permissiveness of cultured pancreatic β cells to infection

Abstract Monolayers of pancreatic β-cells from strains of mice susceptible (SJL/J) and resistant (C57BL/6J) to the development of virus-induced diabetes mellitus were inoculated with the M variant of encephalomyocarditis (EMC) virus. Immunofluorescence showed that viral antigens appeared in up to 10 times more β cells from susceptible SJL/J mice than from resistant C57BL/6J mice. Infectious center assays revealed that 10–30 times more SJL/J β cells contained infectious virus than C57BL/6J β cells. Viral attachment experiments showed no difference in the binding of EMC virus when embryonic fibroblasts, pancreatic fibroblasts, and kidney cells from SJL/J and C57BL/6J mice were compared. However, at least twice as much virus attached to the pancreatic β cells from susceptible than from resistant strains of mice. Our data suggest that genetically determined differences in viral receptors on the surface of β cells may be one of the factors controlling susceptibility to EMC-induced diabetes mellitus.