cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Nuclear Shape and Architecture in Benign Fields Predict Biochemical Recurrence in Prostate Cancer Patients Following Radical Prostatectomy: Preliminary Findings.

Abstract Background Gleason scoring represents the standard for diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) and assessment of prognosis following radical prostatectomy (RP), but it does not account for patterns in neighboring normal-appearing benign fields that may be predictive of disease recurrence. Objective To investigate (1) whether computer-extracted image features within tumor-adjacent benign regions on digital pathology images could predict recurrence in PCa patients after surgery and (2) whether a tumor plus adjacent benign signature (TABS) could better predict recurrence compared with Gleason score or features from benign or cancerous regions alone. Design, setting, and participants We studied 140 tissue microarray cores (0.6mm each) from 70 PCa patients following surgery between 2000 and 2004 with up to 14 yr of follow-up. Overall, 22 patients experienced recurrence (biochemical [prostate-specific antigen], local, or distant recurrence and cancer death) and 48 did not. Intervention RP was performed in all patients. Outcome measurements and statistical analysis The top 10 features identified as most predictive of recurrence within both the benign and cancerous regions were combined into a 10-feature signature (TABS). Computer-extracted nuclear shape and architectural features from cancerous regions, adjacent benign fields, and TABS were evaluated via random forest classification accuracy and Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Results and limitations Tumor-adjacent benign field features were predictive of recurrence (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve [AUC]: 0.72). Tumor-field nuclear shape descriptors and benign-field local nuclear arrangement were the predominant features found for TABS (AUC: 0.77). Combining TABS with Gleason sum further improved identification of recurrence (AUC: 0.81). All experiments were performed using threefold cross-validation without independent test set validation. Conclusions Computer-extracted nuclear features within cancerous and benign regions predict recurrence following RP. Furthermore, TABS was shown to provide added value to common predictors including Gleason sum and Kattan and Stephenson nomograms. Patient summary Future studies may benefit from evaluation of benign regions proximal to the tumor on surgically excised prostate cancer tissue for assessing risk of disease recurrence.
Knowledge-Based Tweet Classification for Disease Sentiment Monitoring

Disease monitoring and tracking is of tremendous value, not only for containing the spread of contagious diseases but also for avoiding unnecessary public concerns and even panic. In this chapter, we present a near real-time sentiment analysis service of public health-related tweets. Traditionally, it is impossible for humans to effectively measure the degree of public health concerns due to limited resources and significant time delays. To solve this problem, we have developed a computational intelligence approach for Epidemic Sentiment Monitoring System (ESMOS) to automatically analyze the disease sentiments and gauge the Measure of Concern (MOC) expressed by Twitter users. More specifically, we present a knowledge-based approach that employs a disease ontology to detect the outbreak of diseases and to analyze the linguistic expressions that convey subjective expressions and sentiment polarity of emotions, feelings, opinions, personal attitudes, etc. with a sentiment classifier. The two-step sentiment classification method utilizes the subjective vocabulary corpus (MPQA), sentiment strength corpus (AFINN), as well as emoticons and profanity words that are often used in social media postings. It first automatically classifies the tweets into personal and non-personal classes, eliminating many tweets such as non-personal “retweets” of news articles from further consideration. In the second stage, the personal tweets are classified into Negative and non-Negative sentiments. In addition, we present a model to quantify the public’s Measure of Concern (MOC) about a disease, based on sentiment classification results. The trends of the public MOC are visualized on a timeline. Correlation analyses between MOC timeline and disease-related sentiment category timelines show that the peaks of the MOC are weakly correlated with the peaks of the News timeline without any appreciable time delay or lead. Our sentiment analysis method and the MOC trend analyses can be generalized to other topical domains, such as mental health monitoring and crisis management. We present the ESMOS prototype for public health-related disease monitoring, for public concern trending and for mapping analyses.
Insulinlike Growth Factor-Binding Protein Proteolysis: An Emerging Paradigm in Insulinlike Growth Factor Physiology

Abstract In biologic fluids, insulinlike growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) are bound to high-affinity insulinlike growth factor binding proteins (IGFBPs) of which seven have now been identified (IGFBPs 1–7). In a variety of biologic fluids, several IGFBPs undergo proteolytic degradation. Such degradation can lead to increased IGF bioavailability at the cell surface, facilitating receptor interactions. Herein, recent data identifying several IGFBP-degrading proteinases and their effects on IGF bioactivity is reviewed, and how IGFBP proteolysis is regulated by IGFs and IGFBPs, as well as how IGFBP cleavage analysis provides insights into the structure and function of IGFBPs, is explored . (Trends Endocrinol Metab 1997;8:299–306). © 1997, Elsevier Science Inc.
Structure and Activity of the N-Terminal Peptides of HIV-1 Glycoprotein 41 Types M (Major) and O (Outlier)

Earlier studies have shown that the N-terminal peptide of HIV-1 glycoprotein 41,000 (gp41) group M (FP-1, AVGIGALFLGFLGAAGSTMGARS-NH2) derived from the LAV1a isolate, exhibits cytolytic and fusogenic activities [1], To determine whether such membrane perturbations are a fundamental property underlying viral-host cell infection, we study here the secondary structure (Circular Dichroism (CD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy) and activity (cytolysis and cell aggregation) of FPVAU (AAGLAMLFLGILSAAGSTMGARA-NH2), an N-terminal gp41 peptide analog based on the VAU isolate of the widely divergent HIV-1 group O [2], Since extension of FP-1 by ten residues has been reported to enhance the fusion activity with lipid vesicles [3], we also assessed the structure and function of the extended peptide (xFP-1, -FP-1 + MTLTVQARQL-NH2) and the corresponding peptide from gp-41 of O-VAU (xFPVAU, -FPVAU + TALTVRTQHL-NH2).
Triboelectrification of Rat Skin With and Without a Common Cream Treatment

This chapter presents surface charging (triboelectrification) of rat skin with and without a common cream treatment (Tang et al. 2010a, b). For all tests, the skin with a cream treatment, the film thickness was approximately 150 nm.
National trends among radiologists in reporting coronary artery calcium in non-gated chest computed tomography

Coronary artery calcification (CAC) is a known risk factor for adverse outcomes in the general population and in patients with coronary artery disease. We performed a survey of United States radiologists to evaluate the trends in reporting the presence or absence of CAC on NCCT examinations. An 11 multiple-choice questionnaire was distributed to members of the American College of Radiology, and 530 members participated in the study. Eighty-seven percent of the analyzed group report the presence of CAC on standard CT scans of the chest, and approximately half them (52 %) use a qualitative modifier. Only 32 % of cardiac imagers were aware of the published data correlating qualitative and quantitative calcium scores on non-gated chest CT examinations compared to 17 % of non-cardiac imagers. We believe that subjective or objective grading of coronary calcified plaque burden on standard chest CT exams is warranted as it may not only help risk-stratify patients, but also may eliminate the need for dedicated CACS in many patients and may be useful in treatment guidance.
Repeating microearthquake sequences interact predominantly through postseismic slip.

Studying small repeating earthquakes enables better understanding of fault physics and characterization of fault friction properties. Some of the nearby repeating sequences appear to interact, such as the ‘San Francisco’ and ‘Los Angeles’ repeaters on the creeping section of the San Andreas Fault. It is typically assumed that such interactions are induced by static stress changes due to coseismic slip. Here we present a study of the interaction of repeating earthquakes in the framework of rate-and-state fault models using state-of-the-art simulation methods that reproduce both realistic seismic events and long-term earthquake sequences. Our simulations enable comparison among several types of stress transfer that occur between the repeating events. Our major finding is that postseismic creep dominates the interaction, with earthquake triggering occurring at distances much larger than typically assumed. Our results open a possibility of using interaction of repeating sequences to constrain friction properties of creeping segments.
Susceptibility of Bemisia tabaci MEAM1 (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) to Imidacloprid, Thiamethoxam, Dinotefuran and Flupyradifurone in South Florida

Populations of Bemisa tabaci MEAM1 were established from nineteen locations in south Florida, primarily from commercial tomato fields, and were tested using a cotton leaf petiole systemic uptake method for susceptibility to the nicotinic acetylcholine agonist insecticides imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, dinotefuran and flupyradifurone. Eleven populations produced LC50s for one or more chemicals that were not significantly different from the susceptible laboratory colony based on overlapping fiducial limits, indicating some degree of susceptibility. LC50s more than a 100-fold the laboratory colony were measured in at least one population for each material tested, indicating tolerance. LC50s (ppm) from field populations ranged from 0.901–24.952 for imidacloprid, 0.965–24.430 for thiamethoxam, 0.043–3.350 for dinotefuran and 0.011–1.471 for flupyradifurone. Based on overlapping fiducial limits, there were no significant differences in relative mean potency estimates for flupyradifurone and dinotefuran in relation to imidacloprid and thiamethoxam.
Operation of the ATLAS end-cap calorimeters at sLHC luminosity: An experimental study

The expected increase of luminosity at sLHC by a factor of ten with respect to LHC luminosities has serious consequences for the signal reconstruction, radiation hardness requirements, and operations of the ATLAS liquid argon calorimeters (EMEC, HEC, FCAL) in the Endcap, respectively forward region. Small modules of each type of calorimeter have been built and exposed to a high intensity proton beam of 50 GeV at IHEP/Protvino [1]. The beam is extracted via the bent crystal technique, offering the unique opportunity to cover intensities ranging from 106 pps up to 1012 pps. This exceeds the deposited energy per time expected at sLHC by more than a factor of 100. In addition, the machine has been operated with the full RF bunch structure preserved and with 5 empty bunches between filled bunches. Thus the gap between two filled bunches was about 1 μs. This operation mode enables the unique opportunity to study the high flux response of the calorimeters not affected by pile-up from previous bunches and to reconstruct a clean signal of the response over the full drift time of electrons in the liquid argon gap. The correlation between beam intensity and the read-out signal has been studied. Also the dependence of the HV currents as well as calorimeter module temperature on the beam intensity has been measured.
AB0462 Vitamin d supplementation significantly reduces cholesterol in sle

Background The benefit of vitamin D on SLE global and renal activity have now been proven by both cohort studies and a clinical trial. The benefits on cardiovascular risk factors, however, are less well understood. Objectives We present the first longitudinal study on hyperlipidemia. Methods A within-person aanalysis addressed the question of whether a person tends to have higher cholesterol when her vitamin D is lower than her average vitamin D. To assess this, for each visit, we calculated the difference between the vitamin D level at that visit and the person9s average of vitamin D. Differences in the range of vitamin D Results This means that at a particular clinic visit, if a person9s vitamin D is higher than the person9s mean vitamin D by 10 ng/mL and the person has vitamin D below 40 ng/mL, then the expected cholesterol will decrease by 3.4 mg/dL. There is no significant effect of higher vitamin D among those whose mean vitamin D exceeds 50. Conclusions Vitamin D supplementation (in those whose level is below 40 ng/mL) has a significant benefit on total cholesterol that is independent of age, sex, ethnicity, Plaquenil, prednisone and body mass index. Vitamin D supplementation - as it also helps systolic blood pressure - is both important for SLE activity and for reduction of cardiovascular disease. Disclosure of Interest None declared
Antisite Pairs Suppress the Thermal Conductivity of BAs.

BAs was predicted to have an unusually high thermal conductivity with a room temperature value of $2000\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}\text{ }{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, comparable to that of diamond. However, the experimentally measured thermal conductivity of BAs single crystals is still lower than this value. To identify the origin of this large inconsistency, we investigate the lattice structure and potential defects in BAs single crystals at the atomic scale using aberration-corrected scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). Rather than finding a large concentration of As vacancies (${V}_{\mathrm{As}}$), as widely thought to dominate the thermal resistance in BAs, our STEM results show an enhanced intensity of some B columns and a reduced intensity of some As columns, suggesting the presence of antisite defects with ${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ (As atom on a B site) and ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{As}}$ (B atom on an As site). Additional calculations show that the antisite pair with ${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathrm{B}}$ next to ${\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{As}}$ is preferred energetically among the different types of point defects investigated and confirm that such defects lower the thermal conductivity for BAs. Using a concentration of 1.8(8)% ($6.6\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}3.0\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{20}\text{ }\text{ }{\mathrm{cm}}^{\ensuremath{-}3}$ in density) for the antisite pairs estimated from STEM images, the thermal conductivity is estimated to be $65--100\text{ }\text{ }\mathrm{W}\text{ }{\mathrm{m}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}\text{ }{\mathrm{K}}^{\ensuremath{-}1}$, in reasonable agreement with our measured value. Our study suggests that ${\mathrm{As}}_{\mathrm{B}}\text{\ensuremath{-}}{\mathrm{B}}_{\mathrm{As}}$ antisite pairs are the primary lattice defects suppressing thermal conductivity of BAs. Possible approaches are proposed for the growth of high-quality crystals or films with high thermal conductivity. Employing a combination of state-of-the-art synthesis, STEM characterization, theory, and physical insight, this work models a path toward identifying and understanding defect-limited material functionality.
The effective χ parameter in polarizable polymeric systems: One-loop perturbation theory and field-theoretic simulations

We derive the effective Flory-Huggins parameter in polarizable polymeric systems, within a recently introduced polarizable field theory framework. The incorporation of bead polarizabilities in the model self-consistently embeds dielectric response, as well as van der Waals interactions. The latter generate a χ parameter (denoted χ) between any two species with polarizability contrast. Using one-loop perturbation theory, we compute corrections to the structure factor Sk and the dielectric function ϵ^(k) for a polarizable binary homopolymer blend in the one-phase region of the phase diagram. The electrostatic corrections to S(k) can be entirely accounted for by a renormalization of the excluded volume parameter B into three van der Waals-corrected parameters BAA, BAB, and BBB, which then determine χ. The one-loop theory not only enables the quantitative prediction of χ but also provides useful insight into the dependence of χ on the electrostatic environment (for example, its sensitivity to electrostatic screening). The unapproximated polarizable field theory is amenable to direct simulation via complex Langevin sampling, which we employ here to test the validity of the one-loop results. From simulations of S(k) and ϵ^(k) for a system of polarizable homopolymers, we find that the one-loop theory is best suited to high concentrations, where it performs very well. Finally, we measure χN in simulations of a polarizable diblock copolymer melt and obtain excellent agreement with the one-loop theory. These constitute the first fully fluctuating simulations conducted within the polarizable field theory framework.
Design of a 360° Scanning Circularly Symmetric Polygon Lens

This paper presents a 360° scanning circular microwave lens based on the Bootlace lens design concepts. However, instead of allocating the beam ports and receiving ports on two opposite sides of the lens, the polygon lens alternates the beam and receiving ports in an interleaving order on all sides and allows the use of circular symmetry to cover 360° scanning. In this paper, a new analytical approach is proposed which minimizes the phase errors for the “perfect” focal points of the lens to design the polygon lens. In order to evaluate the proposed method, an octagonal lens was designed and fabricated. Each facet of the lens feeds a four-element rectangular patch array. The results show a full 360° coverage in the band of interest. Comparisons between measurements and simulations show a good agreement.
Communication technologies in an online environment: facilitating electronic interaction, collaboration, and constructivism

Using current and emerging technologies, such as podcasts, blogs, conferencing tools, and virtual worlds, can expand student and faculty interaction, improving both the content and the effectiveness of both online and traditional class formats. An overview of educational philosophers indicates that these forward thinking technologies can promote the best of the tested theories in ways that were never before possible. Podcasts can provide reinforcement and clarification of the learning experience. Blogs can be vehicles for documenting factual material as well as expressing creative and original thinking. Real time conferencing tools can support meetings, collaborative projects, mentoring, and tutoring. Virtual worlds show promise in education particularly among traditional age students who have grown up in an electronic culture. Research has shown that communication tools, used thoughtfully in a constructivist teaching setting, can contribute to effective learning, higher student satisfaction rates and increased retention. Examples and suggestions are based on ten years of efforts by Lesley University faculty to find the most educationally sound, administratively efficient, and financially viable way to offer outstanding online learning experiences.
Neuro-Oncology Overview

Neuro-oncology involves the diagnosis and treatment of tumors of the central nervous system, as well as metastatic and nonmetastatic neurological complications of systemic cancers. Metastases may involve the brain, spine, and meninges, whereas nonmetastatic neurological complications include toxic-metabolic encephalopathies, cerebrovascular complications, paraneoplastic syndromes, as well as the sequelae of anticancer therapies.
Geographical Variation in Wages of Workers in Low-Wage Service Occupations: A U.S. Metropolitan Area Analysis:

Low-wage, service-providing occupations accounted for almost half of all U.S. net job growth between 2006 and 2016. The authors study the variation in wages of low-wage service employees across U.S...
Home PAP devices in patients infected with COVID-19.

Citation:Kryger MH, Thomas R. Home PAP devices in patients infected with COVID-19. J Clin Sleep Med. 2020;16(7):1217–1219.
Biodegradable Stents in the Management of Refractory Esophageal Strictures in Children

Background: Management of refractory esophageal strictures in children is challenging and mostly involves frequent and prolonged dilatations that are associated with significant physical and psychological complications. Biodegradable stents (BDS) have recently been used and it is particularly attractive in children as stent removal is avoided due to their dissolution. Report of Cases: We report our experience with BDS use in 3 children with severe refractory esophageal strictures. Two of the patients had strictures as a result of caustic ingestion and 1 after long-gap esophageal atresia repair. Median number of dilatations prestent is 5 per year. Custom-made uncovered BDS were inserted under general anesthesia. Median follow-up period was 23 months. Results: Minor postprocedure complications occurred in 1 patient. Stent insertion led to temporary improvement in swallowing in all cases. However, all of the patients developed recurrent symptoms as severe as before stenting and need for dilatations remained unchanged. They also experienced mucosal hyperplasia that contributed to their recurrent symptoms. Conclusion: All of the cases in our series did not have a favorable outcome with BDS use. BDS is yet to be proven as an effective management option for refractory esophageal strictures in children from our experience as well as most other published reports.
Pharmacotherapy Modifications Due to Drug Interactions with Concomitant Fungal Prophylaxis and Nontuberculous Mycobacteria Treatment after Transplant

Introduction Patients undergoing orthotopic heart transplant (OHT) have a 0.2 to 2.8% rate of infection with nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) in the year after transplant. Rifamycins, particularly rifampin, remain the backbone of NTM therapy; rifampin therapy can be especially challenging in solid organ transplant (SOT) due to potent CYP3A4 induction. Rifabutin, an alternative rifamycin, though less studied, is commonly substituted for rifampin in SOT due to less drug-drug interactions (DDI). Rifabutin is also a CYP3A4 substrate which can be impacted by concomitant CYP3A4 inhibitors. We report a case of an OHT recipient requiring systemic fungal prophylaxis while on rifabutin for pulmonary NTM. Case Report He is a 44-year old Caucasian male on 12 months of NTM treatment with rifabutin, azithromycin, and ethambutol who presented for OHT in his final month of treatment for pulmonary Mycobacterium kansasii. After OHT, he was started on high-dose steroids and triple-drug immunosuppression (IS). His NTM regimen was extended for another month. In addition to his IS regimen, isavuconazole was initiated for fungal prophylaxis rather than standard protocol posaconazole, for less CYP3A4 inhibition of rifabutin. Due to DDI, he required close therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to attain tacrolimus levels of 10-12ng/mL, requiring 10-15 mg/day (0.11-0.16 mg/kg/day) on the CYP3A4 inhibitor/inducer regimen. Rifabutin also remained therapeutic (0.3mcg/ml) on 300mg daily despite isavuconazole inhibition. After completion of rifabutin, tacrolimus requirements reduced to 6mg/day (0.06 mg/kg/day) with isavuconazole CYP3A4 inhibition alone. No breakthrough fungal infections occurred during isavuconazole prophylaxis despite the potential for rifabutin CYP3A4 induction. Summary Use of moderate CYP3A4 inhibitor isavuconazole with rifabutin did not result in rifabutin toxicity, particularly the shared ocular effects of ethambutol, and permitted effective systemic fungal prophylaxis. The degree of reduced exposure of isavuconazole inhibition due to a concomitant CYP3A4 induction of rifabutin remains unknown and requires monitoring for breakthrough infections. Close TDM may permit concomitant administration of significantly interacting CYP3A4 inhibitors, inducers, and substrates in complicated SOT patients.
Associations Between HIV Serostatus and Cardiac Structure and Function Evaluated by 2‐Dimensional Echocardiography in the Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study

Background We aimed to investigate whether there are differences in cardiac structure and systolic and diastolic function evaluated by 2-dimensional echocardiography among men living with versus without HIV in the era of combination antiretroviral therapy. Methods and Results We performed a cross-sectional analysis of 1195 men from MACS (Multicenter AIDS Cohort Study) who completed a transthoracic echocardiogram examination between 2017 and 2019. Associations between HIV serostatus and echocardiographic indices were assessed by multivariable regression analyses, adjusting for demographics and cardiovascular risk factors. Among men who are HIV+, associations between HIV disease severity markers and echocardiographic parameters were also investigated. Average age was 57.1±11.9 years; 29% of the participants were Black, and 55% were HIV+. Most men who were HIV+ (77%) were virally suppressed; 92% received combination antiretroviral therapy. Prevalent left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction (ejection fraction <50%) was low and HIV serostatus was not associated with left ventricular ejection fraction. Multivariable adjustment models showed that men who were HIV+ versus those who were HIV- had greater LV mass index and larger left atrial diameter and right ventricular (RV) end-diastolic area; lower RV function; and higher prevalence of diastolic dysfunction. Higher current CD4+ T cell count ≥400 cell/mm3 versus <400 was associated with smaller LV diastolic volume and RV area. Virally suppressed men who were HIV+ versus those who were HIV- had higher indexed LV mass and left atrial areas and greater diastolic dysfunction. Conclusions HIV seropositivity was independently associated with greater LV mass index, left atrial and RV sizes, lower RV function and diastolic abnormalities, but not left ventricular ejection fraction, which may herald a future predisposition to heart failure with preserved ejection fraction among men living with HIV.
Structural relaxation and crystallization in supercooled water from 170 to 260 K.

The origin of water's anomalous properties has been debated for decades. Resolution of the problem is hindered by a lack of experimental data in a crucial region of temperatures, T, and pressures where supercooled water rapidly crystallizes-a region often referred to as "no man's land." A recently developed technique where water is heated and cooled at rates greater than 109 K/s now enables experiments in this region. Here, it is used to investigate the structural relaxation and crystallization of deeply supercooled water for 170 K 230 K, simple exponential relaxation kinetics is observed. For HQW at lower temperatures, increasingly nonexponential relaxation is observed, which is consistent with the dynamics expected on a rough potential energy landscape. For LDA, approximately exponential relaxation is observed for T > 230 K and T < 200 K, with nonexponential relaxation only at intermediate temperatures. At all temperatures, water's structure can be reproduced by a linear combination of two, local structural motifs, and we show that a simple model accounts for the complex kinetics within this context. The relaxation time, τ rel , is always shorter than the crystallization time, τ xtal For HQW, the ratio, τ xtal /τ rel , goes through a minimum at ∼198 K where the ratio is about 60.
Unique venom proteins from Solenopsis invicta x Solenopsis richteri hybrid fire ants.

Abstract The Solenopsis venom protein 2 transcript was amplified, sequenced, probed, and analyzed from Solenopsis invicta x Solenopsis richteri hybrid ant colonies (hybrids) collected from across Tennessee to determine the extent of introgression of each parent allele (Solenopsis invicta venom protein 2 [Soli2] and Solenopsis richteri venom protein 2 [Solr2]). Chemotaxonomic analyses of venom alkaloids and cuticular hydrocarbons were used to categorize hybrid colonies and their relative relatedness to each parent species. Hybrid colonies were chosen randomly from each chemotaxonomic hybridization category, including “very near S. richteri,” “near S. richteri,” “near S. invicta,” and “very near S. invicta.” Lateral flow immunoassays for detection of the Soli2 and Solr2 venom proteins were largely in agreement with the chemotaxonomic analyses for the very near S. richteri (100% Solr2) and very near S. invicta (80% Soli2, 20% Soli2 + Solr2 detected in the sample) groups, while Soli2 and Solr2 were reported in 60% and 40% in the near S. invicta and near S. richteri chemotaxonomic groups. Analysis of transcripts from the hybrid colonies revealed a sequence with 100% identity to Soli2 (GenBank Accession L09560) and three unique sequences, which we identify as Solenopsis hybrid venom protein 2 (Solh2; GenBank Accession MT150127), Solenopsis hybrid truncated venom protein 2 (Solh2Tr97; Genbank Accession MT150129), and Solenopsis richteri venom protein 2, D to A change at position 69 (Solr2A69; GenBank Accession MT150128). The predicted open reading frame for Solh2 and Solh2Tr97 revealed sequences unique to hybrid ants, with Solh2Tr97an alternatively spliced form. A third unique sequence, Solr2A69, is likely the correct sequence for Solr2, which appears to have been published previously with a sequencing error (GenBank Accession P35776).
Implicit support differs across five groups in the U.S., Taiwan, and Mexico.

Objective: Prior research documents numerous psychological and physiological benefits of implicit support particularly for Asians/Asian Americans. However, potential variation in how two different kinds of collectivism-Harmony and Convivial-shape support has been overlooked. Additionally, implicit support has largely been studied using quantitative approaches, whereas qualitative methods may best illuminate how implicit support is used in everyday life. The present mixed-methods investigation aims to better understand implicit support "in practice" and to unpack previously overlooked nuances between different subsets of collectivism in implicit support processes. Method: We collected qualitative accounts of implicit support interactions from 216 female participants (U.S. Whites, U.S. Latinas, U.S. Asians, Mexican, Taiwanese) who were prompted to describe an implicit support experience and then quantitatively assess its helpfulness. Results: Qualitative analysis using a thematic analysis approach identified three subcategories of implicit support (traditional, semi-disclosure, non-verbal cues). Cultural patterns emerged in how implicit support was used across different groups that align with high-context and low-context communication theories and cultural values. Conclusions: The current research highlights the benefit of qualitative approaches to understanding nuanced support processes, and the need to study culture beyond the individualism-collectivism dichotomy. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
Lp(a)-Associated Oxidized Phospholipids in Healthy Black and White Participants in Relation to apo(a) Size, Age, and Family Structure.

Background Lp(a) (lipoprotein(a)) is the major lipoprotein carrier of oxidized phospholipids (OxPL) and this function mediates Lp(a) atherogenicity. However, the relationship between OxPL, Lp(a), a...
Type 2 Diabetes, the Metabolic Syndrome and Dyslipidemia in Children and Adolescents

Understanding risk factors and complications associated with early-onset type 2 diabetes (T2DM) continues to be a major research issue. This year we learn that women with T2DM likely suffered from sexual abuse in their childhood. This is extremely important to remember each time an obese child is evaluated in a clinic. Beyond stopping the current insult, awareness and early intervention may prevent increased weight gain and future morbidity. Regarding the early development of diabetes complications, we learn for the first time about cognitive abnormalities presenting among adolescents with T2DM, even after short disease duration and moderate metabolic control. Prematurity has been added to the long list of risk factors of early-onset T2DM. Contrasting with this long-term effect, a longitudinal study of adolescent males found the risk of diabetes to be mainly associated with increased body mass index (BMI) close to the time of diagnosis, and not to their degree of obesity during adolescence. Finally, two articles suggesting a model for the link between obesity, insulin resistance and chronic inflammation, as well as a possible intervention in the signaling pathway, were published this year. A newly discovered mechanism elucidates the regulation of the cascade of genes leading to the development of the metabolic syndrome (MetS). The significance of fasting insulin levels as well as the reproducibility of the oral glucose tolerance test in obese children have been challenged. The surprising results of a school intervention program for diabetes risk reduction are presented. A strong association was demonstrated between elevated non-HDL levels and the metabolic syndrome. The current guidelines for the screening of dyslipidemia are being questioned; in a large cohort study it was found that current practice misses a considerable number of individuals with abnormal LDL levels. This year the Cochrane Library published a review on the safety and benefits of statin treatment in children. In addition, we learn about the effect of maternal hyperlipidemia during pregnancy on fetal programming of hyperlipidemia later in life.
Domicile Versus Situs as the Basis of Tax Jurisdiction

share upon the transfer of the right to receive the stock. The Raybestos-Manhattan Company admitted liability for the five cent tax, but they sued in the court of claims to recover the tax of three cents a share on the transfer of the stock. Both the court of claims and the supreme court denied recovery. The supreme court said that the stockholders' rights to receive the stock originated in the transfer of the assets of the two corporations to Raybestos-Man hattan, and since the stock could only be issued to someone other than these corporations, with their consent, the rights of the stock holders were derived from the corporations and in substance, there was a transfer of the right to receive the stock to them. The case is close. It has the practical advantage that there will be the same tax liability whether a selling corporation transfers its assets for stock in another corporation in return for stock which it distributes to its stockholders, or whether it transfers its assets in return for stock issued directly to its stockholders. In other words, the same results are subjected to the same tax liabilities. Since the tax was not upon the transfer of stock, but upon the transfer of the right to receive stock, it would appear that the decision can probably be sustained, not only as a matter of policy but as a matter of technical legal analysis.
Meeting at the Interface

Reactions on or within particles are an important aspect of atmospheric chemistry, but relatively little is known about such processes in the lower parts of the atmosphere. In this Perspective, Seinfeld discusses results by Knipping et al. that shed light on one of the key heterogeneous reactions in the troposphere, that of chlorine release from sea salt particles. It turns out that the surfaces of these particles may play a larger role in their reaction chemistry than previously believed.
Ethical Issues in Empirical Software Engineering: The Limits of Policy

Empirical studies in software engineering can involve a variety of organizations, each with their own set of policies and procedures geared at safeguarding the interests and responsibilities of the researchers, students, the collaborating company, the university, and possibly national funding agencies like the National Science Foundation and the National Institute of Health. Each of these organizations have differing goals for participating in these studies and bring widely different cultures and expectations to the table. While policies, procedures, contracts, and agreements set expectations, they by themselves cannot ensure ethical behavior. This position paper describes some of the common approaches to encourage ethical behavior and their limits for enforcing ethical behavior.
Trade Liberalization and Economic Development

Across-the-board trade liberalization often impedes, rather than fosters, development in the poorest countries.
On reachability conditions for unrestricted Petri nets

By using the state equation of a Petri net, the authors derive a sufficient condition for reachability of Petri nets. Then, from this sufficient condition, they show that necessary and sufficient conditions can be derived for reachability of subclasses of a Petri net. The results presented are useful for analyzing many behavioral properties of Petri nets. >
Mapping of T-cell epitopes of flagellar antigen d of Salmonella muenchen

Regions of the antigen d flagellin of Salmonella muenchen capable of causing the proliferation of repolymerized d flagellin-primed T cells were delineated by using dodecameric peptides. Three areas causing substantial DNA replication were identified, together with five areas eliciting less response. On the basis of known salmonella flagellin structure, the major areas were located in highly conserved regions of the molecule.
Evolution of selective neutrality: further considerations.

Lettre a l'editeur concernant l'article de Hartl, Dykhuizen et Dean (1985): «Limits of adaptation: the evolution of selective neutrality» (Genetics 111: 655-674
Object-based interpolation via cores

We propose an object-based interpolation that utilizes the core, a multiscale representation of object shape, as the basis for determining an interpolated object's position and intensities. The core calculations are made directly from image intensities, with no intermediate location of object boundaries. The core of the interpolated object is first determined by an interpolation of the cores of the corresponding objects. The intensity at each of the positions in the object specified by the interpolated core is then determined by interpolating intensities from the equivalent positions in the corresponding objects; positions with equivalent distances along and from the core are chosen via the algorithm described in the paper. This object-based geography has produced promising results for simple, single-core interobject interpolations, and research continues in determining an interpolation method for multifigure objects as well as the background positions in realistic medical images.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
Important Hydrodynamic and Spectroscopic Techniques in the Field of Chromatin Structure

If chromatin were an enzyme or, at least if it bound reversibly and tightly to a readily measurable ligand, we could directly and meaningfully assay for chromatin functional states. We could then search for conformational effector molecules, cooperative structural transitions, and allosteric interactions. There are reasons to. anticipate such conformational properties in chromatin. I.n all probability, the nucleosome has several properties reminiscent of hemoglobin, the prototype of allosteric multisubunit proteins. The nucleosome probably possesses a pairwise stoichiometry of the constituent inner histones, an internal dyad axis with the heterotypic tetramers acting as protamers, and a close-packing of highly α-helical, globular polypeptide chains1’2. Unfortunately, simple functional assays are not yet the province of students of chromatin structure. Save for complex transcriptional assays, conformational studies of chromatin and nucleosomes are largely confined to enzymatic and biophysical probes.
The suppression of a dynamic instability of an elastic body using feedback control

Abstract A theoretical and experimental study is made to determine the feasibility of controlling a thin cantilevered beam subject to a (nonconservative) follower force. A theoretical model is developed using the equations for a thin beam under initial stress and Galerkin's method. An experiment is constructed with the capability of using a variety of feedback loops to control a thin aluminum beam with a tip jet mounted parallel to the chord. A particular control system is chosen for study and an increase of follower force required to destabilize the beam of over 65 per cent is recorded. The theoretical results show good correlation with the experimentally determined stability boundaries and frequency variations with follower force.
Olefin terpolymerizations. II. 4‐vinylcyclohexene and cyclooctadiene

4-Vinylcyclohexene (VCH) and cyclooctadiene (COD) were investigated as termonomers in EPDM (ethylene/propylene/diene) synthesis by using rac-ethylenebis (1-η5-indenyl) zir-conium dichloride (1) as a catalyst precursor. Homopolymerizations of VCH, vinylcycloh-exane and cyclohexene were compared. The parameter Kπκp, which is the apparent rate constant for Ziegler-Natta polymerization, is about the same for VCH and vinylcyclohexanebut is 10 times smaller for cyclohexene. Therefore, the linear olefinic double bond is more active than the cyclic internal double bond. VCH reduces ethylene polymerization rate but not propylene polymerization rate in copolymerizations. In terpolymerizations, VCH tends to suppress ethylene incorporation especially at elevated polymerization temperature and Lowers the polymer MW by about two-fold. COD has very low activity as a termonomer. © 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Ray Guns and Radium: Radiation in the Public Imagination as Reflected in Early American Science Fiction.

The 1920s and 1930s were a period which saw great popular interest in radiation and radioactivity in America, and the establishment of a new genre of pulp literature, science fiction. Radiation was prevalent in American popular culture at the time, and sf stories were dependent upon radiation for much of their color and excitement. In this case study of stories in Amazing Stories and Astounding Stories, two of the leading sf pulps, the connections between actual scientific ideas and discoveries and sf plots and imagery are analyzed, demonstrating the general optimistic belief in the possibilities of scientifically-controlled radiation.
Oris: enhance social self-awareness for visually impaired people

People with visual impairments rely on various technologies to alleviate daily physiological and psychological challenges. In order to introduce our design focus, we first describe our contextual inquiry with target users who are visually impaired. We then study existing technologies that help people with visual impairment to overcome physical limitations. Finally, we propose a potential solution (Fig. 1) to help people who are visually impaired gain self-awareness in social contexts by using body data (facial and gesture) recognition technologies. We also describe future strategies in developing a collaborative platform to help this community further.
Infinite paths in planar graphs II, structures and ladder nets

A graph is k-indivisible, where k is a positive integer, if the deletion of any finite set of vertices results in at most k – 1 infinite components. In 1971, Nash-Williams conjectured that a 4-connected infinite planar graph contains a spanning 2-way infinite path if and only if it is 3-indivisible. In this paper, we prove a structural result for 2-indivisible infinite planar graphs. This structural result is then used to prove Nash-Williams conjecture for all 4-connected 2-indivisible infinite planar graphs. © 2005 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Graph Theory 48: 247–266, 2005
Biostratigraphy and depositional environment of algal stromatolites from the Mescal Limestone (Proterozoic) of central Arizona

Abstract The Apache Group of central Arizona is subdivided into, from base upward, the Pioneer Formation, the Dripping Spring Quartzite and the Mescal Limestone. Radiometric age determinations by Silver, and Livingston and Damon indicate an age of 1.2–1.4 billion years. Within the Mescal Limestone, algal stromatolites form a conspicuous biostrome, commonly 20–25 m thick. The basal 1–5 m of the biostrome consists of up to three zones of digitate stromatolites, which often form discrete bush-like bioherms. These forms are interpreted as Baicalia baicalica, Parmites sp. and Tungussia sp.; the latter form previously reported by Cloud and Semikhatov (1969). The form Parmites is interpreted as a modification of digitate stromatolites probably by decrease in current velocity within the shallow marine environment, which allowed discrete heads to coalesce. Basal digitate forms are replaced upward in the biostrome by domal and undulatory laminated (stratiform) stromatolites, interpreted to represent gradual upward shoaling, with lower intertidal and subtidal forms (digitate morphology) being replaced by upper intertidal and possibly supratidal forms (stratiform types). The digitate form B. baicalica is suggested by Soviet workers to be indicative of Middle Riphean time (1350-950 m.y.). While many empirical data suggest the possibility of gross subdivision of Late Proterozoic time on the basis of algal stromatolite “zones”, the intercontinental applicability and the ultimate validity of this concept in unresolved.
The Sensitivity of Diffuse Large B-Cell Lymphoma Cell Lines to Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor-Induced Apoptosis Is Modulated by BCL-2 Family Protein Activity

Background Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is a genetically heterogeneous disease and this variation can often be used to explain the response of individual patients to chemotherapy. One cancer therapeutic approach currently in clinical trials uses histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACi’s) as monotherapy or in combination with other agents.
Transformation of a graphite superlattice into triangular dislocations.

Observation of tip-induced transformation of a graphite superlattice to triangular dislocations is reported here. The transformation took place as the misorientation angle of the top layer decreased and the superlattice spacing increased. The area of the triangles increased with each scan. \textcopyright{} 1996 The American Physical Society.
Experimental production of heinz bodies in the pig

Abstract Heinz bodies were produced in pigs given a single injection of hydroxylamine or acetyl-phenylhydrazine, but were not produced with nitrite. Heinz bodies were in 90–95% of erythrocytes by 2 hours after injection of hydroxylamine and in 95–100% of erythrocytes by 24 hours after administration of acetylphenylhydrazine. The percentage of affected erythrocytes gradually declined to 40–50% at necropsy on day 17. Anemia was not produced, nor were there clinical signs that could be attributed to the presence of Heinz bodies. There was histologic evidence of increased hemosiderosis in the spleen and of increased bone marrow activity.
Transport, Optical, and Magnetic Properties of the Conducting Halide Perovskite CH3NH3SnI3

Abstract A low-temperature (T ≤ 100°C) solution technique is described for the preparation of polycrystalline and single crystal samples of the conducting halide perovskite, CH3NH3SnI3. Transport, Hall effect, magnetic, and optical properties are examined over the temperature range 1.8-300 K, confirming that this unusual conducting halide perovskite is a low carrier density p-type metal with a Hall hole density, 1/RHe ≃ 2 × 1019 cm-3. The resistivity of pressed pellet samples decreases with decreasing temperature with resistivity ratio ρ(300 K)/ρ(2 K) ≃ 3 and room temperature resistivity ρ(300 K) ≃ 7 mΩ-cm. A free-carrier infrared reflectivity spectrum with a plasma edge observed at approximately 1600 cm-1 further attests to the metallic nature of this compound and suggests a small optical effective mass, m* ≃ 0.2.