cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
PC Programs for Engineers

Two programs are described. The first is a program for digital signal processing that provides for a wide range of input signals and uses the fast Hartley transform for conversions from the time domain to the frequency domain and vice versa. The desired input waveforms can be created internally by the program or imported from an appropriate disk file. The data obtained can be stored in a file as well as displayed on the screen. The second program extends the use of the PC from performing algebraic operations on matrices to the case in which the matrix elements are complex numbers. It provides a compact, easily applied tool for performing sinusoidal steady-state computations and other operations requiring the manipulation of arrays of complex numbers. Examples of the use of both programs are given. >
The consequences of treatment and disease in patients with primary CNS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma: Cognitive function and performance status

Per protocol, patients with primary CNS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in an intergroup phase II trial conducted by the North Central Cancer Treatment Group and the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group had their cognitive functions measured using the Folstein and Folstein Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE) and their physical functions measured using the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group Performance Score (PS) at study entry, at each treatment evaluation, and at quarterly intervals thereafter until disease progression or death. Of the 53 eligible participants who began therapy, 46 (87%) had baseline MMSE scores recorded, 36 (68%) had at least one follow-up MMSE, and 32 (60%) had both, while 52 (98%) had baseline PS, 49 (92%) had at least one follow-up PS, and 48 (91%) had both. Patterns of MMSE and PS values over time were studied in each individual, in the group as a whole, in the 20 patients who completed the study regimen, in the 23 who survived more than a year, and in patients who were classified as nonprogressors at each key evaluation. For each patient, all recorded values were plotted versus time, with dates of disease progression and death included, to look for signs of decline in cognitive or physical function preceding adverse events. Long-term declines in scores of both cognitive and physical function were observed in many treated patients with primary CNS non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Nearly all patients who were alive more than 52 weeks after study entry had a demonstrable decline in cognitive and physical functionality. Such declines may occur before disease progression is documented; they may also occur in some patients who have long-term follow-up without evidence of disease progression. Declining MMSE and PS was a poor predictor of disease progression. There was no association of PS and toxicity. The data from this study demonstrated the considerable difficulties we encountered conducting an ancillary study such as this within a multicenter clinical trial. Firstly, the test instruments written into the protocol were unable to tell if the declines seen were due to disease, treatment, co-morbidity, or other factors. Secondly, the missing data created difficulties in interpreting outcome.
Pressurized Liquid in Nanopores: A Modified Laplace-Young Equation

In the current study, we analyze the motion of pressurized water molecules in nanopores of a well-crystallized, hydrophobic zeolite using both experiment and molecular dynamics simulation. It is discovered that, contradictory to the prediction of the classic Laplace-Young equation, the required infiltration pressure is highly dependent on the infiltration volume. A modified Laplace-Young equation is developed to take into consideration the effective solid-liquid interfacial tension, the thermal energy exchange, as well as the variation in configuration of confined liquid molecules. The last two factors are significant only when the nanopore diameter is comparable with the liquid molecule size. It is also remarkable that the infiltrated liquid molecules, when confined in the nanoenvironment, could transform from a single-chain conformation to a double-helical structure as the pressure increases, accompanied by an abrupt system free energy change that leads to different pressure-induced transport behaviors.
Cinematic landscapes in Antonioni's L'Avventura

The introduction of landscape in film instead of constructed decor allowed radical changes of perception of space in film. In fact, space in film ceases to be conceived as pictorial, theatrical and symbolic, and starts to be explored in all its dimensions. The projected image acquires texture, vividness and depth. Antonioni's L'Avventura (1960) marks a breakthrough in the use of landscape in film. The landscape grounds the image in a space-time dimension inscribing the scene in a complex experiential mode while introducing enigmatic protagonists (elements of the landscape) into the image. The film thus establishes a dialectical relation between body and landscape, where both become parallel agents in the construction of the emotional drama. This cinematic construction of ‘being in the landscape’ makes the film distinctive both in its visual and narrative form. The objective of this article is to analyze a particular site of the film, the scenes shot on Lisca Bianca Island, and explore how the notion of ‘b...
Using parsed corpora for circumventing parsing

Corpora tagged with part-of-speech and phrase structure information have been used for both exploratory data analysis as well as unsupervised learning of language models. These corpora have proved invaluable resources for research activities such as training part-of-speech taggers, disambiguating word-senses, detecting noun-phrases, inducing selectional restrictions, extracting argument structure and inducing probabilistic grammars.
Napoleon Lajoie, Breach of Contract and the Great Baseball War

This contribution to a Festschrift in honor of Joseph W. McKnight explores the history and legacy of the Pennsylvania Supreme Court’s 1902 Philadelphia Ball Club v. Lajoie decision, and other courts’ related decisions, concerning baseball players’ contract jumping from the National League to the newly created American League.
High via density thin metal-core PCB using electro-coated dielectric

Conventional printed circuit boards (PCBs) may be replaced by thinner metalcore boards for some applications, as well as for package substrates. Using thin, metalcore technology may provide advantages for radio frequency (RF) circuits and packages, and increase heat dissipation for high power applications. The metalcore technology has several layers including the metal core, electrocoated dielectric, sputtered metal layers, and electroplated copper. Especially for RF application and automotive electronics printed circuit boards with a metal core is gaining interest. The advantage of metal core PCB is the low thermal coefficient as well as the possibility to achieve a high density of vias and electronic component assembly. This paper describes the realization of metal core PCB with a dense array of vias and with a low thermal coefficient. The dielectric layer is applied after vias have been formed providing a high density electronics assembly on a double sided PCB which exhibits the heat dissipation of a m...
From Test Pilot to 20th Century High Pressure Entrepreneur

This paper tells the story of Joseph McCartney, and his high pressure engineering and equipment company. The evolution of the company and its equipment are examined, leading up to the present day when the McCartney Division of Ingersoll-Rand is recognized as a leader in the high pressure technology field.Copyright © 2002 by ASME
PET-MR Imaging in Evaluation of Cardiac and Paracardiac Masses With Histopathologic Correlation.

Cardiac tumors are infrequent, and management strategy depends on whether the tumor is benign or malignant, as well as its location within the heart. Imaging characteristics aid in prognostication and direct management. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a useful tool providing multiplanar imaging
Governmental control of the Internet and WikiLeaks: How does the press in four countries discuss freedom of expression?:

This study looked at how newspapers operating in nations with varying degrees of governmental Internet control discussed Internet freedom of expression within their coverage of Wikileaks. This was ...
Photochemical Generation of Ag, Pd, and Pt Particles in Octane

Metal crystallites formed upon UV irradiation of benzophenone (BP) solutions in octane containing oleoyl sarcosine as a particle stabilizer and Ag neodecanoate (AgOOR), as well as the complexes Pd(acac)2 and Pt(acac)2, with acac = acetylacetonate anion. Initial quantum yields of metal formation for Pd(acac)2 and Pt(acac)2 were 7 × 10–3 and 4.5 × 10–3, respectively, which are about 7 times higher than those for analogous reactions conducted in the absence of the BP photosensitizer. Direct irradiation of AgOOR, on the other hand, resulted in no reaction, but silver particles were formed with a quantum yield of 1.2 in the presence of BP. Whereas the Pd colloids decay within 1 week of preparation, the Ag and Pt particles have remained stable, thus far, in octane for more than 4 months. The resulting octane colloids were evaluated for enhancements in thermal conductivity using the thermal hot disk method. Enhancements of up to 10% were observed for the Ag and Pt systems at metal concentrations of 5 mM, which a...
A chemical cleaning example of boiler operation in power plant

The chemical cleaning scheme of 125 MW unit 410t/h boiler operation was analysed.Andthe chemical cleaning procedures and the inspection and evaluation of chemical cleaning effect wereintroduced emphatically. At last, the question of chemical cleaning procedure was discussed.
High impact practices toward personal and professional identity in introductory and advanced engineering seminar courses

Engineering educators have struggled with engaging students throughout their studies. Traditional coursework provides little opportunity for holistic integration, personal connection, and professional relevance. We have integrated high-impact practices within our required curriculum. One element is a new, required, one-credit seminar for students beginning their engineering coursework. The seminar is very student-centered, dominated by discussions connecting technical concepts with real-world context. The lecturer is a professional engineer; he hosts visiting engineers to discussions. The course modules foster understanding in ethics, professionalism, community needs, and connection to industry and government. In a second element, we have also integrated new integrative modules into existing capstone seminars within each major. This novel pairing provides students opportunities for reflection and integration within required coursework. Our overall goal is to cultivate a learning community of the whole, within which students experience their coursework in constant contact with the broader world and with persistent progress toward their own holistic education.
Measurements of the Neutron Fission Cross Sections of 235U (En = 0.01 eV to 30 keV) and 239Pu (En = 0.01 to 60 eV)

Measurements were made of the energy dependence of the 235U neutron fission cross section over the energy range from 0.01 eV to 30 keV and of the 239Pu fission cross section over the range from 0.0...
Transition From Pediatric to Adult Care by Young Adults With Chronic Granulomatous Disease: The Patient's Viewpoint

Abstract Purpose Children with chronic illnesses are living longer, prompting health care provider attention to the transition from pediatric to adult care. Transition of care is successful when youth are independent in managing their health. The aims of this study were to identify the strengths and barriers to transition from pediatric to adult care and to determine strategies that could enhance the transition process. Methods A survey was administered via a structured interview to 33 young adult participants (19–27 years of age), living with chronic granulomatous disease all of whom transitioned from pediatric to adult care. The participants were predominately male (88%) and Caucasian (73%). Topics covered in the survey included understanding of disease and treatment, adherence, advance care planning, and barriers to transition. Data were analyzed using a conventional content analysis approach. Results Seventy-six percent of the participants did not understand their disease process and only 50% understood their prophylactic medication regimen. Seventy-five percent of participants perceived their transition as uneventful. Ninety-four percent were independent in self-management skills such as making appointments and 90% in refilling prescriptions. More than half of the participants thought that the transition process needed improvement. Specific suggestions to create a practical approach to transition were offered. Conclusions Gaps in disease-related knowledge and transition planning were identified by adolescents and young adults living with chronic granulomatous disease. The findings suggest the need for enhancing the transition process utilizing interdisciplinary collaboration to develop a transition policy and program.
A novel conduit-based coaptation device for primary nerve repair*

ABSTRACTBackground: Conduit-based nerve repairs are commonly used for small nerve gaps, whereas primary repair may be performed if there is no tension on nerve endings. We hypothesize that a conduit-based nerve coaptation device will improve nerve repair outcomes by avoiding sutures at the nerve repair site and utilizing the advantages of a conduit-based repair.Methods: The left sciatic nerves of female Sprague-Dawley rats were transected and repaired using a novel conduit-based device. The conduit-based device group was compared to a control group of rats that underwent a standard end-to-end microsurgical repair of the sciatic nerve. Animals underwent behavioral assessments at weekly intervals post-operatively using the sciatic functional index (SFI) test. Animals were sacrificed at four weeks to obtain motor axon counts from immunohistochemistry. A sub-group of animals were sacrificed immediately post repair to obtain MRI images.Results: SFI scores were superior in rats which received conduit-based repa...
Abstract 432: Endothelial Cells Express miR-33a-5p and Release Extracellular Vesicles Containing miR-33a-5p

Background: The microRNA miR-33a-5p increases cellular cholesterol by posttranscriptional silencing of genes involved in cholesterol efflux. Previous studies showed that miR-33a-5p inhibition prote...
Development and characterization of serotype-specific monoclonal antibodies against the dengue virus-4 (DENV-4) non-structural protein (NS1).

Dengue, caused by one of the four serologically distinct dengue viruses (DENV-1 to − 4), is a mosquito-borne disease of serious global health significance. Reliable and cost-effective diagnostic tests, along with effective vaccines and vector-control strategies, are highly required to reduce dengue morbidity and mortality. Evaluation studies revealed that many commercially available NS1 antigen (Ag) tests have limited sensitivity to DENV-4 serotype compared to the other three serotypes. These studies indicated the need for development of new NS1 Ag detection test with improved sensitivity to DENV-4. An NS1 capture enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) specific to DENV-4 may improve the detection of DENV-4 cases worldwide. In addition, a serotype-specific NS1 Ag test identifies both DENV and the infecting serotype. In this study, we used a small-ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO*) cloning vector to express a SUMO*-DENV-4 rNS1 fusion protein to develop NS1 DENV-4 specific monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). These newly developed MAbs were then optimized for use in an anti-NS1 DENV-4 capture ELISA. The serotype specificity and sensitivity of this ELISA was evaluated using (i) supernatants from DENV (1–4)-infected Vero cell cultures, (ii) rNS1s from all the four DENV (1–4) and, (iii) rNS1s of related flaviviruses (yellow fever virus; YFV and West Nile virus; WNV). From the evaluation studies of the newly developed MAbs, we identified three DENV-4 specific anti-NS1 MAbs: 3H7A9, 8A6F2 and 6D4B10. Two of these MAbs were optimal for use in a DENV-4 serotype-specific NS1 capture ELISA: MAb 8A6F2 as the capture antibody and 6D4B10 as a detection antibody. This ELISA was sensitive and specific to DENV-4 with no cross-reactivity to other three DENV (1–3) serotypes and other heterologous flaviviruses. Taken together these data indicated that our MAbs are useful reagents for the development of DENV-4 immunodiagnostic tests.
Sound Design for Video Games: An Interdisciplinary Course for Computer Science and Art Students

This paper describes our experience and observations in creating an experimental interdisciplinary course focusing on sound design and its implementation in computer games. This paper provides a model for others that may want to develop similar courses that focus on interdisciplinary collaboration in this genre. The course was targeted to motivated computer science and sound design / art students, and was not designed as an introduction to computer science. Rather, it was designed as a project course where students can apply topics in sound design by creating a video game within a diverse team, enabling a collaborative learning opportunity. Students applied both creative sound design principles and technical implementation using industry-standard tools such as QLab, Wwise, and Unity.
The Core Body of Knowledge as Perceived by Therapeutic Recreation Students vs. Leisure Services Management Students

The purposes of this study were to determine if the core body of knowledge associated with leisure services represents a systemic culture pattern for leisure studies students, and to determine if t...
Internetwork access control using public key certificates

Packet-level Access control Security Scheme* (PASS) is a policy enforcement scheme for controlling inter-domain packet traffic between interconnected administrative domains (ADs). As an indispensable part of the scheme, PASS includes an inter-domain authentication protocol which is based on ITU-T X.509 public key certificate directory service. This eliminates the need of a dedicated access control server in each AD and of sharing private keys between neighboring network entities. This paper addresses the design of PASS scheme and the inter-domain authentication protocol. An overhead analysis and comparison with other schemes are also provided.
The Construction of ICRF2 and Its Impact on the Terrestrial Reference Frame

The construction of the second realization of the International Celestial Reference Frame by VLBI (ICRF2) was undertaken to take advantage of the many improvements in geodetic and astrometric VLBI and the vast increase in data since the first ICRF. The impact the switch to ICRF2 has had on the terrestrial reference frame and EOP solutions generated by VLBI is very small, at about the mm level, and should be transparent to most users of VLBI products.
Financial burden among older, long-term cancer survivors: Results from the LILAC study

BACKGROUND Increasing attention is being paid to financial burdens of cancer survivorship, but little is known about the prevalence and predictors of these burdens in older, long-term survivors. METHODS We used data from 6012 participants diagnosed with cancer since enrolling in the Women's Health Initiative, and who participated in the Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) ancillary study to estimate prevalence and identify predictors of financial burden. We used logistic regression to identify sociodemographic, socioeconomic, health- and cancer-related factors associated with financial burden and backward selection to build a final multivariable model. RESULTS Average age at LILAC participation was 79 and 9.2 years had elapsed since cancer diagnosis. Overall, 6% experienced some form of financial burden, including having an insurance company refuse a claim (2.6%), being denied loans or insurance due to cancer history (2.2%), or experiencing significant indebtedness (1.8%, including facing large debts or bills or declaring bankruptcy). Eight predictors remained associated (P < 0.05) with financial burden in the fully-adjusted model: younger age, shorter time since diagnosis, African-American race, household income <$20 000/year, modified Charlson comorbidity score ≥2, receipt of chemotherapy, regional stage at diagnosis, and no private health insurance. Education, cancer site, social support, receipt of radiation, and receipt of hormone therapy were not associated with financial burden. Predictors differed between types of financial burden experienced and age at diagnosis (<65 vs 65+). CONCLUSION Cancer-related financial burden was rare in this population of older, female long-term cancer survivors. The identification of several socioeconomic, health-related and demographic predictors of financial burden may suggest targets of intervention to reduce financial burdens. PRECIS Financial burden was uncommon in older, female, long-term survivors. Predictors of financial burden included age, race, income, comorbidities, time since diagnosis, stage, insurance, and receipt of chemotherapy.
Quantitative Raman assays for on-site analysis of stockpiled drugs.

Abstract We present a rapid Raman assay for on-site analysis of stockpiled drugs in aqueous solution. This approach was tested on Tamiflu (oseltamivir phosphate). Tamiflu is a drug approved by the FDA for treatment of influenza and is the most common antiviral included in stockpiles for use in the event of a national emergency. Rapid assays were performed on three concentrations (30, 45, and 75 mg) of oseltamivir using three different portable & handheld Raman instruments. PLS regression models were developed to establish a calibration curve and applied to the Tamiflu samples. Raman assay values were compared against the standard HPLC assay to demonstrate the viability of this approach, yielding an average assay value within 0.3% of that obtained from the HPLC analysis for the 35 different capsules analyzed. The Raman method demonstrates the potential for rapid screening of stockpiled pharmaceuticals on-site using portable Raman instrumentation and readily available consumables for sample preparation. In addition to routine screening to ensure product quality past the expiration date, this approach could also be used to assist in rapid deployment of such medications in the case of a national emergency.
Does anatomic subsite influence oral cavity cancer mortality? A SEER database analysis.

Objective To determine if there are differences in mortality from oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma (OCSCC) based on oral cavity (OC) subsites. Methods Using the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) 9 database, patients with sequence number 0 or 1 squamous cell OCSCC were analyzed by OC subsite for 5-year cause-specific mortality (CSM) from OCSCC. Proportional hazards regression determined the association between 5-year CSM and OC subsites while controlling for treatment modality, stage, and demographic characteristics using hazard ratios. Significance was set at alpha = 0.05. Results 20,647 OC patients were included in the regression analysis. The most commonly diagnosed sites were floor of mouth (34.4%) and oral tongue (34.3%). Floor of mouth, upper gum, and retromolar trigone were associated with lower CSM compared to oral tongue. Not receiving surgery and receiving radiation were associated with increased CSM, and CSM increased with cancer staging when distant or regional disease was compared to localized disease. Also, patients diagnosed at 60 years or older and black patients had increased CSM. Conclusion Among OCSCC patients, those with oral tongue cancer are more likely to experience CSM than patients with floor of mouth, upper gum, and retromolar trigone cancer. It is important to understand these mortality related differences in the management of OCSCC patients. Understanding subsite-specific mortality may benefit prognosis counseling of OCSCC patients and elicit subsite-directed research as a means to improve outcomes. Level of evidence NA Laryngoscope, 129:1400-1406, 2019.
FRI0656 ENVIRONMENTAL AND ATMOSPHERIC FACTORS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS: A REGRESSION ANALYSIS

Background Understanding the role of environmental exposures in the development of SLE and their association with SLE activity may help identify modifiable risk factors and potential etiological mechanisms Objectives We hypothesized that changes in fine particulate matter (PM2.5) concentration, ozone concentration, temperature, resultant wind, relative humidity, and barometric pressure are predictive of organ specific flares in lupus. Methods 1628 patients who fulfill 4 of the 11 ACR or SLICC classification criteria for SLE were included in the analysis. The data ranged from 1999 to 2017. Maximum distance between visits was 110 days with 1-month time aggregation units. Disease activity was expressed as Physician Global Estimate (PGA), taken at every patient visit. A flare was defined as a PGA score increase of 1 point or more compared to the previous visit. Environmental and atmospheric data was obtained from the EPA, including PM2.5 and ozone concentration, temperature, residual wind, relative humidity, and barometric pressure. The average values of each factor 10 days prior to patient visit was calculated. Univariate and multivariate models were built in order to study the association of these variables with lupus disease activity. The models were adjusted for age, sex, income, racial distribution, and rural vs. urban patient residence. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify significant determinants associated with lupus flares. Regression was performed for each organ flare outcome. Regression inference was based on generalized estimating equations (GEE) to account for the time repeated outcomes. Standard regression techniques on model building and evaluation were followed, including but not limited to performing both univariate and multivariate regressions, coefficient significance, collinearity, confounding, variable interactions and reductions in model AIC. Results Rash, serositis, hematologic, and joint flares were statistically significantly associated (p PM2.5 concentration was significantly associated (p Ozone concentration, residual wind, and relative humidity were significantly associated with lupus flares in univariate analysis only, while barometric pressure had no associations. Conclusion There is a strong association between changes in PM2.5 concentration and temperature 10 days prior to patient visit and organ specific lupus activity at the visit. These data could add an important aspect to lupus trials, the outcomes of which may be affected by so far unrecognized environmental factors, and ultimately it could allow predictive modelling of lupus flares which would revolutionize the approach to treatment. Disclosure of Interests George Stojan: None declared, Frank Curriero: None declared, Anton Kvit: None declared, Michelle A Petri Shareholder of: Pfizer, Merck, Grant/research support from: AstraZeneca, Exagen, Consultant for: Eli Lilly, GSK, Merck EMD Serono, Janssen, Amgen, Novartis, Quintiles, Exagen, Inova Diagnostics, AstraZeneca, Blackrock, Glenmark, UCB, and the Annenberg Center for Health Sciences
Estimating surface orientation from microfacet Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function models in outdoor passive imaging polarimetry

Representative examples from 3 years of measurements from JPL’s ground-based multiangle spectropolarimetric imager (GroundMSPI) are compared to a Mueller matrix bidirectional reflectance distribution function (mmBRDF). This mmBRDF is used to model polarized light scattering from solar illuminated surfaces. The camera uses a photoelastic-modulator-based polarimetric imaging technique to measure linear Stokes parameters in three wavebands (470, 660, and 865 nm) with a ±0.005 uncertainty in degree of linear polarization. GroundMSPI measurements are made over a range of scattering angles determined from a fixed viewing geometry and varying sun positions over time. This microfacet mmBRDF model predicts an angle of the linear polarization that is consistently perpendicular to the scattering plane and therefore is only appropriate for rough surface types. The model is comprised of a volumetric reflection term plus a specular reflection term of Fresnel-reflecting microfacets. The following modifications to this mmBRDF model are evaluated: an apodizing shadowing function, a Breon or Gaussian microfacet scattering density function, and treating the surface orientation as an additional model parameter in the specular reflection term. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) between the GroundMSPI measurements and these various forms of the microfacet mmBRDF model is reported. Four example scenes for which a shadowed-Breon microfacet mmBRDF model yields realistic estimates of surface orientation, and the lowest RMSE among other model options are shown.
Pain severity and prescription opioid misuse among individuals with chronic pain: The moderating role of alcohol use severity.

Abstract Background Chronic pain is a public health problem associated with opioid misuse. Yet, it is important to understand factors underlying opioid misuse in the context of pain. Alcohol use is one factor to consider given past work documenting use of alcohol to manage pain. However, it is unknown whether alcohol use severity exacerbates the relation between pain and opioid misuse. This study sought to examine relations between pain and prescription opioid misuse and the moderating role of alcohol use severity in two online survey studies of individuals with chronic pain. Method Individuals with chronic pain (study 1, n = 364; study 2, n = 437) were administered measures of pain, alcohol use, and opioid misuse. Results In study 1, there was a significant interaction of pain severity and alcohol use (b = 0.16, p Conclusions In two online samples, there was evidence of a novel interaction of pain severity and alcohol use severity in relation to opioid misuse. Although cross-sectional, results replicated in two studies. Pain severity was related to opioid misuse among those with higher but not lower alcohol use. Those who use alcohol, even below suggested cut-offs, may be more likely to misuse opioids when in pain.
Physics-based sit-to-stand three-dimensional motion prediction considering seat pan contact

Abstract Sit-to-stand (STS) is one of the most demanding tasks in mechanical terms in daily lives. Many elderlies, people with lower limb injuries, and patients with neurological disorders or musculoskeletal abnormalities have difficulties during this task. In literature, most studies were carried out through experiments. Experiment-based methods are time-consuming and tedious. In addition, seat pan contact forces were ignored or analyses started after lift-off instance. In this study, a three-dimensional physics-based formulation for the entire STS motion was presented. This formulation was based on joint space, where resultant joint torques instead of activations of individual muscles are considered to reduce computational time. Both ground reaction forces and the seat pan contact forces were considered, and resultant joint torques were predicted with recursive Lagrangian dynamics. A 56 degree-of-freedom (DOF) digital human model was used, and time and chair height were altered to study cause and effect. First, bilateral symmetry was assumed, and results were compared with the experimental results in literature to validate the proposed formulation. As time and chair height increased, the motion became less demanding in mechanical terms. After 2.5 s, resultant peak joint torques at the knee and ankle joints were found to be relatively equivalent to static torque components. An asymmetric STS motion example was also investigated.
Gender disparity among NBA and WNBA team physicians.

Female physicians are underrepresented across a broad range of medical specialties, especially at senior levels. Previous research demonstrated poor representation of women in sports medicine leade...
Identifying dysregulated immune cell subsets following critical volumetric muscle loss with pseudo-time trajectories

Volumetric muscle loss (VML) results in permanent functional deficits and remains a substantial regenerative medicine challenge. A coordinated immune response is crucial for timely myofiber regeneration, however the immune response following VML has yet to be fully characterized. Here, we leveraged dimensionality reduction and pseudo-time analysis techniques to elucidate the cellular players underlying a functional or pathological outcome as a result of subcritical or critical VML in the murine quadriceps, respectively. We found that critical VML presented with a sustained presence of M2-like and CD206hiLy6Chi hybrid macrophages whereas subcritical defects resolved these populations. These macrophage subsets may contribute to fibrogenesis in critical VML, especially in the presence of TGF-{beta}. Furthermore, several T cell populations were significantly elevated in critical VML compared to subcritical injuries. Specifically, there was a significant increase of CD127+ T cells at days 3 and 7, and upregulated CD127 expression may indicate aberrant IL-7 signaling in critical VML. These results demonstrate a dysregulated immune response in critical VML that is unable to resolve the chronic inflammatory state and transition to a pro-regenerative microenvironment. These data provide important insights into potential therapeutic strategies which could reduce the immune cell burden and pro-fibrotic signaling characteristic of VML.
Paradigms and Groups

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the dominant paradigmatic preferences of social psychology to describe whose actions should be studied and the way observations should be related to one another. Substantively and methodologically, the contemporary version of social psychology so thoroughly overlaps other areas of psychology that it has little claim to distinctiveness, and social psychology has failed to provide a very supportive intellectual environment for the study of groups. As these characteristics of the discipline reflect the dominant paradigmatic preferences of the field, they are unlikely to change very rapidly in the near future. The fact that social psychology has not provided a very nurturing environment for the study of groups seems self-evident. A discipline that highlights the proximal (often internal) antecedents of the individual's behavior in experimental situations focuses on specific acts of individuals rather than upon sequences of acts and relies heavily on self-report data that is not likely to encourage scholars, who wish to examine the system-like the qualities of groups. Many social psychologists complain about the restrictive impact of experimental designs, but social psychology remains an overwhelmingly experimental endeavor and strongly dominated by laboratory research.
Hidden impact ? Ex-post evaluation of an anti-poverty program

By the widely used difference-in-difference method, the Southwest China Poverty Reduction Project had little impact on the proportion of people in beneficiary villages consuming less than $1 a day-despite a public outlay of $400 million. Is that right, or is the true impact being hidden somehow? The authors find that impact estimates are quite sensitive to the choice of outcome indicator, the poverty line, and the matching method. There are larger poverty impacts at lower poverty lines. And there are much larger impacts on incomes than consumptions. Uncertainty about the impact probably made it hard for participants to infer the gain in permanent income, so they saved a high proportion of the short-term gain.
Cultural Geography: Glances Backward and Forward

In the course of celebrating AAG's centenary, the question of progress is bound to arise. No one can doubt that impressive progress has been made in physical geography. Can the same be said of our ...
Immunochemical studies on albuminoid. II. Changes associated with age.

Abstract Immunochemical investigations of albuminoid from young and adult cattle lenses showed that the composition of albuminoid is age-dependent. An increase in the β, as well as a decrease of the pre-α-crystallin antigen reaction was observed. The γ-crystallin reaction declined in the adult cortical albuminoid, then increased again in the adult nuclear albuminoid but to a level still lower than in calf albuminoid. The least difference with age was observed for the α-crystallin antigen. The increase in the β-crystallin reaction with time appeared to be the result of an increased participation of some minor β antigens in the formation of albuminoid. This increase did not involve the main β antigen in albuminoid, which constitutes approximately 3% of the insoluble fraction. The decreased pre-α reaction in the adult albuminoids indicates that this crystallin antigen may have a limited range of structural states at which it is able to participate in the formation of albuminoid. The initial decrease and subsequent increase with age in the γ-crystallin reaction in albuminoids points to the possibility that a minimum of two γ antigens are involved in the formation of albuminoid at different kinetic rates.
Father involvement in parent training for oppositional child behavior : progress or stagnation?

Outcome literature (1981 to 1988) on behavioral parent training interventions for nonhandicapped children with oppositional behavior is reviewed to assess the extent and effects of father involvement in parent training. Thirteen studies were found that included some father involvement. Weaknesses of these studies include a failure to observe and measure changed in father-child interactions, a lack of emphasis on the impact of the marital relationship, a lack of attention to similarities in parental child management strategies, and a lack of assessment of paternal characteristics. Further research to assess the effects of including fathers on parent training outcomes can improve the efficiency and effectiveness of these interventions.
The Anatomy of Violence: The Biological Roots of Crime

Are some criminals born, not made? What causes violence and how can we treat it? An Anatomy of Violence introduces readers to new ways of looking at these age-old questions. Drawing on the latest scientific research, Adrian Raine explains what it reveals about the brains of murderers, psychopaths and serial killers. Anti-social behaviour is complex, he argues, and based on the interaction between genetics and the biological and social environment in which a person is raised. But the latest statistical evidence between certain types of biological and early behavioural warning signs is also very strong. These are among the thorny issues we can no longer ignore and this book is an important milestone in our growing understanding of criminal behaviour.
Verification technology for object-oriented/XML transactions

Typically, object-oriented schemas are lacking declarative specification of the schema integrity constraints. Object-oriented transactions are also typically missing a fundamental ACID requirement: consistency. We present a developed technology based on object-oriented assertion languages that overcomes these limitations of persistent and database object systems. This technology allows specification of objectoriented integrity constraints, their static verification and dynamic enforcement. Proof strategies that are based on static and dynamic verification techniques as they apply to verification of object-oriented transactions are presented in the paper. Most of this work has been motivated by the problems of object-oriented interfaces to XML that have not been able to express typical XML Schema constraints, database constraints in particular. The components of this technology are an object-oriented constraint language, a verification system with advanced typing and logic capabilities, predefined libraries of object-oriented specification and verification theories, and an extended virtual platform for integrating constraints into the run-time type system and their management.
Numerical Modeling of Tropical Cyclones

Publisher Summary This chapter examines the numerical modeling of tropical cyclones. A tropical cyclone is an intense, wet vortex that develops over the warm ocean in the tropics. Its life cycle begins at the formation of a tropical depression from an easterly wave, in the intertropical convergence zone, or from cloud clusters. Important features of the time integration of a hurricane model are explained in the chapter. With the inclusion of the parameterized effects, the meteorological fields resolved by the model are modified at each step of integration. As the time integration proceeds, small-scale fields, initially in the resolvable range, are likely to become undeterministic because these fields are usually less persistent and more sensitive to the behavior of individual convective elements as compared with larger scale fields. The effects of the ensemble moist convection are incorporated into the model through a method of moist convective adjustment. The gross features of the intense, compact vortices simulated in the hurricane models were similar with each other, although the intensity and size differed from one vortex to another.
Peirce and education: contemporary reflections in the spirit of a contrite fallibilist

El autor del articulo senala algunas de las implicaciones mas importantes del pensamiento de Peirce para la filosofia de la educacion. Concretamente, se centra en el cultivo deliberado de la atencion fenomenologica, la imaginacion metodologica (o heuristica), el realismo experiencial, el falibilismo penitente, y la amplia erudicion como implicaciones que se siguen de los textos escritos por Peirce. De modo especial, y en relacion con la atencion fenomenologica, desarrolla la nocion de mundo, pero desde una perspectiva distintivamente pragmatica en un mundo que resulta profundamente ambiguo. A continuacion, y siguiendo con esta comprension del mundo, el autor defiende la reconstruccion (o reconceptualizacion) pragmatista de la experiencia humana. Mientras la perspectiva que suele asumirse entiende que la experiencia es inherente e inevitablemente subjetiva, la perspectiva reconstruida (o la pragmatista) entiende que la experiencia consiste en un encuentro directo, aunque mediado, con la realidad. El pensamiento de Peirce avanza en la direccion de reconocer, en lo tocante a la educacion, la necesidad de reactivar el mundo y de reconstruir la experiencia. Pero nos lleva tambien ver la importancia de un falibilismo resuelto, una imaginacion heuristica, y un aprendizaje de amplias miras. Recibido: 10/07/2013 / Aceptado: 29/07/2013 Como referenciar este articulo Colapietro, V. (2013). Peirce and education: contemporary reflections in the spirit of a contrite fallibilist. Foro de Educacion , 11(15), pp. 65-82. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.14516/fde.2013.011.015.003
The Role of Surfactant Concentration on the Aqueous Stability of a Mono-Azo Disperse Dye

The aqueous stability of a mono-azo disperse dye (Resolin Red BBL) is measured as a function of concentration of sodium dodecylsulfate (NaDDS) at 95°C. The rates of dye solubilization, aggregation, and degradation are measured and related to the concentration of NaDDS and to the critical micelle concentration (CMC). Dye stability decreases sharply for concentrations of NaDDS greater than the CMC passing through a minimum at 0.2% NaDDS (2 X CMC) and increases for concentrations of NaDDS greater than 0.2%. The rate of dye solubilization at low surfactant concentrations (<0.3%) is observed to be very slow, taking 9 days to reach a stable dispersion for 0.2% NaDDS. The rate of dye solubilization is greatly increased by initially dissolving the dye in a volatile solvent, such as acetone, referred to as the solvent dispersion technique.
The Effectuation and Maintenance of Integrated Schools: Modern Problems in Post-Desegregation Society

In 1954 the Supreme Court declared that racially separate education was inherently unequal. It thus abandoned the separate but equal doctrine and ordered the elimination of segregated schools systems "with all deliberate speed." Local school officials and lower federal courts, toward whom the Court turned for effectuation of the desegregation mandate, responded instead with deliberate evasion and resistance. Faced with such recalcitrance, the Court during the 1960s consistently rejected plans that disguised delay tactics and tokenism. After more than a decade of delay and strategies designed to preserve the status quo rather than actually dismantle dual school systems, the Court announced that "[t]he time for mere 'deliberate speed' ha[d] run out." It consequently demanded plans that "promis[e] realistically to work now."
Alluvial sediment or playas: What is the dominant source of sand and silt in desert soil vesicular A horizons, southwest USA

[1] Vesicular A (Av) soil horizons form beneath desert pavements from the accretion of aeolian sediment (dust) commonly thought to be derived primarily from desiccating pluvial lakes and playas, with contributions from ephemeral washes and alluvial fans. Particle size distributions of Av horizons are typically bimodal with primary modes of very fine silt and fine sand, suggesting that the horizon matrix is derived from multiple sources. Here we conduct detailed chemical and physical analysis of both Av horizon soil samples and potential sources of aeolian sediment to better constrain the relative contributions of dust associated with the development of Av horizons. Geochemical data from both sand (125–250 µm) and silt (2–32 µm) fractions in Av horizons and potential dust sources in the eastern Mojave Desert and western Sonora Desert, USA, point to large contributions from nearby sources including distal alluvial fans and washes, and comparably lower contributions from regional sources such as playas. The silt mode is derived from suspension transport of dust, and the fine sand mode is derived from saltating sand. The desiccation of pluvial lakes in the Mojave Desert is commonly believed to have driven episodes of aeolian activity, contributing to sand dunes and Av horizon formation. We propose that alluvial fans and washes are underappreciated as desert dust sources and that pulses of dust from late Pleistocene and Holocene alluvial fans dwarfed pulses of dust from desiccating pluvial lakes in the eastern Mojave Desert.
Using Video Games in Education

This paper is a review of literature examining articles related to the use of video games in education. Forty studies were identified for inclusion based on criteria including age range, date published and academic subjects studied. The review first examines positive aspects of video gaming, such as cognitive benefits and game usage in the subjects of social studies, math, science, language learning, and physical education. Potential barriers and risks associated with video games such as violence, addiction and parental and teacher attitudes, are examined.Â Finally, the implications of the available research are discussed. While there are many limitations, the findings show that there is support to for using video games in educational contexts.
Laser remote sensing of atmospheric turbulence

An experimental validation of the differential image motion (DIM) lidar concept for measuring C n 2 is reviewed. The field validation was performed by building a hard-target analog of the DIM lidar and testing it against a conventional scintillometer on a 300 m horizontal path, throughout a range of turbulence conditions. The test results supported the concept and confirmed that the structure characteristic C n 2 can be accurately measured with this method. A practical method is described for extending the validation technique to vertical profiles of C n 2 .
Parameter estimation in the generalized logistic distribution

Abstract A three parameter (location, scale, shape) generalization of the logistic distribution is fitted to data. Method of moments parameters estimates are derived and it is shown that maximum likelihood estimates do not exist. A Bayesian analysis combined with the EM algorithm allows the distribution to be easily fitted to data.