cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The Good Neighbor: Coping With Insulin Resistance by Modulating Adipose Tissue Endothelial Cell Function.

The prevalence of obesity is rising globally, and the United States has one of the highest obesity rates in the world: ≈17% of the young and >33% of adults are obese.1 Obesity is associated with chronic low-grade systemic inflammation, which is considered a critical underlying factor in the development of insulin resistance (IR).2 IR is a major risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and cardiovascular disease.3 In the development of obesity, white adipose tissue, particularly the abdominal adipose tissue, is the key site that mediates systemic inflammation and IR, though other organs, such as skeletal muscle and liver, have also been implicated.4 Adipose tissue is a highly vascularized organ where every adipocyte is connected to at least one capillary.5 To maintain normal adipose tissue function, the proper signaling between adipocytes and endothelial cells (ECs) from the surrounding vasculature is important.6 There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that EC dysfunction contributes to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis, obesity, and T2DM.7,8 Therefore, it is of key interest to further study the role of the crosstalk between adipose tissue ECs and adipocytes in obesity-associated IR and to identify potential therapeutic targets for novel interventions. Recently, several reports suggested that microRNAs (miRs) are important mediators of the development of inflammation and IR in obese adipose tissue.9 Subsequently, numerous studies explored targeting specific miRs in diabetic complications to mitigate the pathological sequela of T2DM.9 Given these points, using miRs to modulate adipocyte–EC axis in adipose tissue may offer new tools to combat the growing epidemic of obesity and its associated comorbidities. Article, see p 810 Over the past 2 decades, several studies elucidated the underlying molecular mechanisms linking inflammation to obesity-associated IR. Hotamisligil et al10 was the first to demonstrate …
JTAG-based robust PCB authentication for protection against counterfeiting attacks

A Printed Circuit Board (PCB) provides the backbone for the interconnection of diverse electronic components into an electronic system. Unfortunately, the increased use of untrusted third-party PCB design/fabrication facilities and the long, distributed, supply chain of a PCB makes it extremely vulnerable to variety of integrity violation attacks, primarily different forms of counterfeiting, including cloning and recycling. In this paper, we propose a novel low-overhead and robust method to authenticate PCBs that utilizes an existing industry standard — IEEE 1149.1 or JTAG test infrastructure to extract high-quality signatures with high entropy. Since the signature encapsulates the intrinsic properties of the PCB components, it can be effectively used to identify malicious modifications of PCB components (e.g. replacing a chip) in a supply chain or during field operation. Measurement results with 30 custom fabricated test boards are promising in terms of uniqueness (48.34% inter-PCB hamming distance) and robustness (1.22% intra-PCB Hamming Distance) of 128-bit authentication signature.
Epidemiological characteristics of HFMD in the peak period In Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2011

Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of HFMD in the peak period in Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2011 for HFMD control and prevention. Methods The data of MFMD provalence were collected from Disease Surveillance Information Reporting Management System. With weeks distribution of HFMD from 2008 to 2010 as a benchmark, the peak period of HFMD in Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2011 was established using control chart. The demographic characteristics, pathogenic data, consistency of criteria for clinical diagnostic of HFMD cases and quality of case reporting in the peak period of HFMD in Guangdong Province from 2010 to 2011were analyzed and compared. Results 127 543 and 148 613 HFMD cases were reported in the peak period of 2010 and 2011, respectively. The incidence rates of male and female in 2011 were higher than those in 2010(Z=33.86,P0.05;Z=15.02,P0.05);the incidence rate of children aged 0 to 2 in 2011 was higher than that in 2010(Z=51.07,P0.05).633 and 699 specimens were collected from sentinel surveillance hospitals during peak period in 2010 and 2011 respectively, and the positive rate of other enteric viruses infection was 12.64% and 34.76%, respectively.The positive rate of 2011 was higher than that of 2010(Z=9.42,P0.05).The symptoms and occupations of 240 scattered children were verified by telephone, and the diagnosis of 208 cases(87%) was in accordance with Guideline for Treatment of Hand Food and Mouth Disease(2010 edition), and 44 cases(18%) were actually preschool children. Conclusions The peak period of HFMD in 2011 was lag behind than that in 2010 and showed high intensity prevalence, and this mainly due to key pathogens conversion.Case diagnostic quality be improved, and climatic factors on HFMD epidemic has yet to be analyzed in depth. The pathogen surveillance be strengthened by disease control departments as well as the improvement of the outbreaks reporting quality, further study on the impact of climate and other factors on HFMD.
Creatine kinase isoenzymes are highly regulated during pregnancy in rat uterus and placenta

Creatine kinase (CK) isoenzymes play a central role in energy transfer. Expression of CK isoenzymes in rat uterus and placenta was analyzed to evaluate their contribution to energy metabolism during pregnancy and delivery. Tissue from the uterine horns and placentas of pregnant rats from day 14 of gestation to 17 days postpartum was analyzed for expression of "brain" CK (BCK) and ubiquitous mitochondrial CK (uMtCK) mRNA, protein, and enzyme activity. uMtCK mRNA expression is high in prepartum uterus, but rapidly falls (> 10-fold) after delivery to a nadir at 7 days postpartum. Prepartum BCK mRNA expression is coordinate with uMtCK but has a 15-fold greater expression than uMtCK. Both CK mRNAs rise by 17 days postpartum. Both BCK and uMtCK mRNA expressions are strongly induced in placenta at 20 days gestation with a rapid fall (> 6-fold) immediately before delivery. Protein expression of BCK and uMtCK is also coordinate. However, analysis of mRNA and protein expression indicates that significant posttranscriptional regulation of both kinds of CK also occurs. CK activity in uterus and placenta reflects BCK expression. By immunohistochemistry, BCK and uMtCK protein expression is highly localized in the placenta and endometrium of prepartum uterus. This expression shifts entirely to the uterine smooth muscle by 17 days postpartum. uMtCK mRNA expression is rapidly induced by beta-estradiol in vitro (> 6-fold), demonstrating estrogen-responsive elements in the uMtCK nuclear gene. Thus a second isoenzyme of CK, uMtCK, is expressed in rat uterus and placenta and is highly regulated with BCK. These results suggest an important role for CK in the maintenance and termination of pregnancy.
Förderung von Lernenden im technischen Unterricht an Werkreal- und Gemeinschaftsschulen

Der Ubergang an der ersten Schwelle und der erfolgreiche Abschluss einer Ausbildung stellen sich fur viele Jugendliche als problematisch dar. Insbesondere Schulerinnen und Schuler mit einem geringen schulischen Vorbildungsniveau haben oftmals grose Probleme, die zunehmend komplexeren Anforderungen einer gewerblich-technischen Ausbildung zu erfullen. Im Beitrag wird von der Entwicklung, Umsetzung und Erprobung des Berufsfeldspezifischen Forder­trainings fur Lernende im technischen Unterricht an Werkreal- und Gemeinschaftsschulen (BeFoLe) berichtet. Die Ergebnisse der Interventionsstudie, die innerhalb eines klassischen Experimentalkontrollgruppen-Design (n = 207) erhoben wurden, zeigen, dass durch das bereichs­­spezifische Strategie­training das technische Grundwissen und die wahrgenommene inhaltliche Relevanz der Lerninhalte signifikant gefordert werden konnen. Schlusselworter: Fordertraining, Berufsfeld, Werkreal- und Gemeinschaftsschulen, technisches Wissen, metakognitive Strategien, kognitive Strategien
Learning from avatars: Learning assistants practice physics pedagogy in a classroom simulator

Learning assistants practice physics pedagogy in a highly immersive mixed-reality classroom simulator.
Connect, Change, and Conserve: Building a Virtual Center for Teaching Excellence

In an era of limited fiscal and human resources, educational developers are seeking innovative ways to connect with their constituents. Developing a “virtual” center for teaching and learning (CTL) is one approach to consolidating development resources and reaching busy full-time and adjunct faculty. This article will describe the process used to create and sustain a Virtual Center for Teaching Excellence (vCTE) at a diverse, mid-sized university campus. This process required connection between departmental faculty developers and stakeholders, change of the campus mindset, and conservation of resources through shared efforts. Challenges faced and recommendations to overcome those challenges will be presented.
Solitary Lucent Defect

A solitary lucent defect may result from a necrotic cavity, cyst, pneumatocele, or a loculated hydropneumothorax, but of these possibilities, a necrotic cavity is the most common. A necrotic cavity is caused by ischemic necrosis of the lung that may result from a bacterial, tuberculous, or fungal infection. A loculated hydropneumothorax is a complication of empyema with bronchopleural fistula that must sometimes be distinguished from a pulmonary cavity. When a tumor outgrows or invades and destroys its blood supply, it causes a cavitary mass. A cavitary tumor often has a thick nodular wall, but a cavitary tumor cannot be reliably distinguished from a lung abscess based on its radiologic features. A solitary cavity usually requires a bacteriologic or histologic diagnosis.
Learning from Homeschooling Routines

ABSTRACTThis study provides a rare opportunity to look inside the homeschool and to observe the routines of homeschooling families from across the United States. With more than 1000 survey participants, and nine parents selected for interviews, the compiled data were analyzed through open coding techniques. Meaningful aspects that arose from the routines of homeschoolers included collaboration with other educational entities, the use of community resources, faith, individualized instruction, and the flexibility of school structure. The findings of this research may provide meaningful information for Christian teachers, parents, and others in our search for the optimal educational environment.
Sorting cells by their density.

Sorting cells by their type is an important capability in biological research and medical diagnostics. However, most cell sorting techniques rely on labels or tags, which may have limited availability and specificity. Sorting different cell types by their different physical properties is an attractive alternative to labels because all cells intrinsically have these physical properties. But some physical properties, like cell size, vary significantly from cell to cell within a cell type; this makes it difficult to identify and sort cells based on their sizes alone. In this work we continuously sort different cells types by their density, a physical property with much lower cell-to-cell variation within a cell type (and therefore greater potential to discriminate different cell types) than other physical properties. We accomplish this using a 3D-printed microfluidic chip containing a horizontal flowing micron-scale density gradient. As cells flow through the chip, Earth’s gravity makes each cell move vertically to the point where the cell’s density matches the surrounding fluid’s density. When the horizontal channel then splits, cells with different densities are routed to different outlets. As a proof of concept, we use our density sorter chip to sort polymer microbeads by their material (polyethylene and polystyrene) and blood cells by their type (white blood cells and red blood cells). The chip enriches the fraction of white blood cells in a blood sample from 0.1% (in whole blood) to nearly 98% (in the output of the chip), a 1000x enrichment. Any researcher with access to a 3D printer can easily replicate our density sorter chip and use it in their own research using the design files provided as online Supporting Information. Additionally, researchers can simulate the performance of a density sorter chip in their own applications using the Python-based simulation software that accompanies this work. The simplicity, resolution, and throughput of this technique make it suitable for isolating even rare cell types in complex biological samples, in a wide variety of different research and clinical applications.
Connectedness of the moduli space of Artin-Schreier curves of fixed genus

Abstract We study the moduli space AS g of Artin-Schreier curves of genus g over an algebraically closed field k of positive characteristic p. The moduli space is partitioned into strata, which are irreducible. Each stratum parameterizes Artin-Schreier curves whose ramification divisors have the same coefficients. We construct deformations of these curves to study the relations between those strata. As an application, when p = 3 , we prove that AS g is connected for all g. When p > 3 , it turns out that AS g is connected for a sufficiently large value of g. In the course of our work, we answer a question of Pries and Zhu about how a combinatorial graph determines the geometry of AS g .
Data analytics for energy-efficient clouds: design, implementation and evaluation

The success of Cloud Computing and the resulting ever growing of large data centers is causing a huge rise in electrical power consumption by hardware facilities and cooling systems. This results i...
The cooperative roles of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in cardiovascular development.

Foxc1 and Foxc2 are closely related members of the Forkhead/Fox transcription factor family. The two Foxc genes have overlapping expression patterns in mesodermal and neural crest derivatives during development, as well as similar functions of gene regulation. Consistently, mouse mutants for each gene have similar abnormalities in multiple embryonic tissues, including the eye, kidney and cardiovascular system. Analysis of compound Foxc1; Foxc2 mutant embryos reveals that the two Foxc genes have dose-dependent, cooperative roles in development. In particular, recent studies demonstrate that Foxc1 and Foxc2 are essential for arterial cell specification, lymphatic vessel formation, angiogenesis and cardiac outflow tract development. This chapter will summarize and discuss current knowledge about the function of Foxc1 and Foxc2 in cardiovascular development.
Rhetoric's Making Strange

Please note that this talk has now been incorporated in a published article entitled, Legal Writing Scholarship, Making Strange, and The Aesthetics of Legal Rhetoric, also available on SSRN at http://ssrn.com/abstract=1591123.This is a talk presented at the Law & Rhetoric: Legal Writing Through a Rhetorical Lens Workshop in San Diego, CA, on January 6, 2009, sponsored by Mercer University School of Law and produced by Prof. Linda Berger of Mercer. The purpose of the talk was to demonstrate how improvisational teaching in a small advanced legal writing course could generate interesting topics for research. This is so because rhetoric has the ability to unsettle our ordinary perceptions. In fact, in this particular setting rhetoric's ability (an ability I think I am willing to defend as unique) to make everything seem strange is strong enough to turn upon rhetoric itself and to reveal anew those rhetorical insights that are now hidden from us because they have been implicit in Western culture for centuries. The talk is presented as an internal monologue: a stream of conscious exploration rather than an exposition. There is no single theme to this monologue. It is more of an honest search for a theme, for such is the way that interesting topics are generated, or so I believe.
Power and Community in Drama

Schools do not simply reflect the problems of the larger society, they perpetuate them. Schools are designed to create citizens, fill market needs, and generally replicate the socioeconomic divisions represented by the student population and in society as a whole (Apple, 1995). Consequently, students of color and the urban poor experience the same oppression and lack of substantial opportunities for advancement in schools that are reflected in wider society. They attend schools that are under-resourced and prepare them to fill the same lower socio-economic slots occupied by the members of their communities (Fine and Weis, 2003; Apple, 1995; Ladson-Billings, 1994). Further, “young people who are subjugated by oppressive social, economic and cultural forces are denied any real sense of agency and lack a capacity to act on and change their world” (McInerney, 2009, p. 28).
Are We at War? How the

Historically, war and trade have always been linked. Indeed, the modern trading system - created on the heels of World War II - is a testament to that link. The General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade ("GATT") - and now the World Trade Organization - was to be one more link in the chain of institutions that would ensure global peace and prosperity. But September 11 and the War on Terror have moved the United States away from the multilateral trading system in favor of a bilateral approach to combating terrorism. The Container Security Initiative ("CSI") - the cornerstone of U.S. efforts to safeguard America's ports and the trade supply chain - exemplifies the U.S. approach: It is a bilateral measure that unduly favors some trading partners over others, and it forces developing countries to bear a disproportionate share of the economic fallout. This Essay uses CSI to explore the deeper question of what happens to trade obligations in the face of a national security crisis. Must the former inevitably give way? I argue that Article XXI of the GATT recognizes a WTO member's right to protect its security interests, but CSI cannot be justified under the security exception because it lacks a "development dimension" -- a requirement implicit in Article XXI.
Catalytic Enantioselective Ynamide Additions to Isatins: Concise Access to Oxindole Alkaloids

The highly enantioselective addition of terminal ynamides to a variety of isatins, catalyzed by a bisoxazolidine copper complex under mild, base-free reaction conditions, is described. The reaction is broad in scope, scalable, applicable to unprotected isatins, and provides efficient access to 3-hydroxyoxindoles carrying a tetrasubstituted chiral center with excellent yields and enantioselectivities. Synthetically versatile, multifunctional 3-hydroxyindolinones are obtained by hydration, partial hydrogenation, or hydroxyacyloxylation of the ynamide moiety at room temperature and exhaustive hydrogenation followed by reductive detosylation and spontaneous cyclization affords cinchonamidine alkaloids.
Growth of public relations research networks: a bibliometric analysis

This research reported and expanded on a 6-year citation study of published scholarly research in public relations that occurred between 2010 and 2015. This analysis built on the work of Pasadeos a...
Conflicting results in EEG alpha feedback studies: why amplitude integration should replace percent time.

Success or failure of EEG feedback training for alpha enhancement can depend on how alpha activity is quantified and fed back. Alpha-enhancement failures usually employ a percent time(%) technique; successes typically use amplitude integration(e). To dramatize the differences between percent and integration techniques, we derived both measures simultaneously from left occipital(O 1 ) and left central(C 3 ) sites for 16 male subjects who were given 5.6 hours of integrated alpha feedback from the midline occipital(Oz ) site. At both the O 1 and C 3 sites the integrated and percent measures were not equivalent and not linearly related. Statistically significant differences in the(integrated, percent) correlation coefficients(z-transformed) were observed under the different recording conditions: alpha enhancement, alpha enhancement, alpha suppression, and baselines. Theoretical discussion of integration and percent techniques is given and the adoption of amplitude integration measures and feedback stimuli is strongly advocated.
Neptunyl Peroxide Chemistry: Synthesis and Spectroscopic Characterization of a Neptunyl Triperoxide Compound, Ca2[NpO2(O2)3]·9H2O

Little is known about the crystal chemistry of neptunyl peroxide compounds compared to uranyl peroxide compounds, for which dozens of structures have been described. Uranyl peroxides are formed over a broad range of pH and solution conditions, but neptunyl peroxide chemistry is complicated by the ability of H2O2 to act as an oxidizing or reducing agent for Np, depending on the conditions present. The combination of Np(V) in 1 M HCl, H2O2, and CaCl2 under alkaline conditions leads to the immediate crystallization of a neptunyl triperoxide monomer, Ca2[NpO2(O2)3]·9H2O, which is the first Np(VI)-based peroxide compound to be characterized in the solid state and is isostructural to Ca2[UO2(O2)3]·9H2O. The crystal structure reveals bond distances of 1.842(7) A that are the longest reported to date for nonbridging Np(VI)-Oyl bonds. Computational studies probe the oxidation state and bond distances of the monomer unit and differences in Raman spectra of the neptunyl and uranyl triperoxide compounds.
γ′ fibrinogen levels are associated with blood clot strength in traumatic brain injury patients

Abstract Background γ′ fibrinogen is an alternatively-spliced fibrinogen variant that displays different coagulation parameters in vitro than the major form of fibrinogen. Purified γ′ fibrinogen has slower clotting kinetics than unfractionated fibrinogen, but forms clots that are stronger and resistant to fibrinolysis. However, these properties have only been investigated in human populations in a limited number of studies. We therefore performed a retrospective analysis to test the hypothesis that γ′ fibrinogen levels influence coagulation in vivo. Methods In the present study, we utilized blood samples that were collected from traumatic brain injury patients to probe the relationship between γ′ fibrinogen levels and traditional coagulation parameters. Results The results show that the levels of γ′ fibrinogen were inversely associated with clotting kinetics, indicated by a shortened INR. In addition, the levels of γ′ fibrinogen were associated with stronger clots by thrombelastography. However, these changes were not associated with significant changes in hemorrhage progression. Conclusions These findings verify that γ′ fibrinogen properties observed in purified systems result in similar properties in a clinical setting, and may affect coagulation.
Abstract 163: Recognizing Sex Disparities Among Invited Speakers at the International Stroke Conference Motivates Change

Introduction: Females were significantly underrepresented as invited speakers at the International Stroke Conference (ISC) from 2014-2018. In 2019, there were increased efforts by the ISC program c...
Diesel Engine Potentials by Hydraulic Tuning of the G4S Solenoid Common Rail Injector with 3-Way Function

The emission legislation for diesel engines, both heavy duty and passenger car diesel engines, have been strengthened in the last years significantly. Currently no further reduction of emission limits is planned but still legislation changes will require further improvements as briefly summarized in this introduction chapter.
Featured Artist: Gabriella Marcarelli

We are thrilled to share five pieces of art by the talented Gabriella Marcarelli, as well as her artistic rationale for her work.
Recruiting Youth for After-School Health Intervention Programming: Parent and Student Perceptions

In an effort to increase physical activity (PA) in children, some schools are utilizing after-school PA programs. For after-school PA programs to attract children and their parents more effectively, it is important to understand participant perceptions. With input from parents and children, after-school PA programs will be better equipped to attract children to the PA program, resulting in greater participation, enjoyment, and increased PA. Thus, the purpose of this study was to gain insight into parents’ and children’s thoughts and decisions relating to joining an after-school PA program. A cross-sectional qualitative design was employed. Children were interviewed and parents were surveyed prior to youth involvement in Step Up for Health, an after-school PA program geared toward youth of a Midwest elementary school. Responses to the surveys and interviews were coded into categories. Thirty of 39 youth students reported participating to increase their physical fitness levels. Thirty-seven of 39 youth participants identified their physical education teacher as being influential in their decision to participate. Thirty-nine of 39 parents/legal guardians stated the main benefit of the program was that it provided a PA outlet for their child. Every adult participant identified their own child as an influential figure in the decision-making process to allow their child to participate. Perceptions held by parents and children provided insight into the recruitment process for PA programs. The theory of reasoned action can serve as a guide to understand why participants and their parents support such a program.
Everyday citizenship and COVID-19: “Staying at home” while homeless

In an effort to slow the spread of the novel coronavirus, local and state authorities have enacted stay-at-home orders, limiting citizens’ movement outside of the home to “essential” activities and...
Response to letter regarding article ‘Leukoaraiosis and acute ischemic stroke: 90-day clinical outcome following endovascular recanalization, with proposed ‘L- ASPECTS’'

Dear Editor, We would like the thank Tang et al 1 for their interest in our study entitled ‘Leukoaraiosis and acute ischemic stroke: 90 day clinical outcome following endovascular recanalization, with proposed ‘L-ASPECTS’’. We read their letter with great interest and appreciate their valuable input on this subject. Tang et al 1 are correct in saying that the Fazekas score is …
Clay-Filled Polyelectrolyte Complex Nanocoating for Flame-Retardant Polyurethane Foam

Polyurethane foam (PUF) is a highly flammable material typically used for cushioning in furniture and automobiles. A polyelectrolyte complex coating containing polyethylenimine, ammonium polyphosphate, and halloysite clay was applied to PUF using a two-step deposition process in an attempt to reduce its flammability. Electron microscopy confirms that this conformal thin film preserves the porous morphology of the foam and adds 20% to the foam's weight. Directly exposing coated foam to a butane torch flame yields a 73% residue after burning while keeping the internal structure of the foam intact. Cone calorimetry reveals a 52.5% reduction in the peak heat release rate (pkHRR) of the clay-based coating compared to that of the uncoated foam. This significant reduction in pkHRR and preservation of the porous structure of the foam highlights the utility of this easy-to-deposit, environmentally benign treatment to reduce the foam's flammability.
α4β7 Integrin expression and blockade in pediatric and young adult gastrointestinal graft‐versus‐host disease

Background We hypothesized that α4β7 integrin expression on effector memory T cells (TEMs) would be elevated in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) patients before and at diagnosis of acute gastrointestinal graft-versus-host disease (GI GVHD) symptoms compared to patients without GVHD, and that clinical blockade of α4β7 integrin with vedolizumab would be effective in pediatric GI GVHD. Methods We analyzed surface expression of α4β7 integrin on T cells from 48 pediatric allogeneic HSCT recipients from our biorepository with known clinical outcomes as follows: acute GI GVHD (n = 22), isolated skin GVHD (n = 12), and no GVHD (n = 14). T-cell analyses were performed 1 week before and at GVHD diagnosis in patients with GVHD, and day +30 after HSCT in patients without GVHD. We describe clinical outcomes of seven additional patients, different from above-described 48 patients, who received vedolizumab (anti-α4β7 integrin antibody) for the treatment of steroid-refractory acute GI GVHD. Results Expression of α4β7 integrin on CD8+ TEMs was upregulated in patients with GI GVHD compared to the no GI GVHD (skin GVHD + no GVHD) group 1 week prior to clinical symptoms (p = .02) and at acute GI GVHD diagnosis (p = .05). Four of seven treated patients with clinical steroid-refractory acute GI GVHD were evaluable for response to vedolizumab. One patient had a complete response at day +28, while two had a partial response, and one had no response. No adverse effects directly attributable to vedolizumab were observed. Conclusion Our data suggest a rationale for the blockade of α4β7 integrin for acute GI GVHD management in children.
Serial circulating tumor DNA samples from patients with metastatic breast cancer and BRCA1/2 mutations.

1025Background: Analysis of circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) over time allows non-invasive evaluation of tumor genomic evolution. We characterize changes in tumor fraction (TFx), somatic copy number a...
Applying Psychiatry and Psychology Principles to Lifestyle Approaches for Mental and Behavioral Health

Research suggests that mental health symptoms and disorders are historically underdiagnosed and undertreated, in part due to the siloed nature of medicine. Yet, approximately 50 million American ad...
Modelling earthquake-triggered landslide runout with the material point method

Landslides triggered by earthquakes cause devastating consequences to downstream infrastructure. The simulation and prediction of these large-strain events remain challenging. The objectives of thi...
Quantum Chemistry and Small Molecule Dynamics

Theoretical calculations have now reached the point where they must be, under certain circumstances, considered a reasonable alternative to experiment and certainly as a means of obtaining information which is complimentary to experiment, particularly for systems that involve, for instance, very short-lived transients, very extreme environments, very high temperatures, etc. In most cases the actual systems involve areas where experimental information is difficult to obtain, or where there is significant uncertainty in the experimental information available. Oddly enough, even small, such fairly well-known systems as the atmospheric molecules? fall into this class. One would think these molecules would already be very well characterized but they are not; their excited states are virtually undetermined and often the experimental data is certainly no more reliable than the calculations. Most of theoretical chemistry hinges on our ability to calculate both the energy of interaction as atoms and molecules come together and the difference between energies as you excite or ionize the system. It has really been the improvement over the past five years in our ability to accurately evaluate these potential curves and excitation energies that has brought theoretical chemistry to a point where it can, for small and selected systems, provide information at might be called chemical accuracy. Most of us now agree that chemical accuracy in broad areas of chemistry lies in the range of a few kcal/mole. Certainly in parts of spectroscopy one goes much higher in accuracy, but for many systems the spectra are unknown and even to have partial answers within that accuracy is useful. In figure 1a and 1b* we see results obtained in the mid 1960 using the molecular orbital model. This model gives us a very consistent conceptual framework for thinking about molecules, atoms and molecular processes; a way of talking about the differences between molecules and geometries, particularly how atomic systems evolve into molecules (figure 1c). This model and extensions based on it form the basis for what might be called modern computational chemistry: the basis for implementing on computers a large mathematical model which has general applicability to molecules of every sort.
Mapping of Digitaria streak virus transcripts reveals different RNA species from the same transcription unit.

Abstract All, except 19 [corrected] bp, of the Digitaria streak virus (DSV) genome is transcribed. Two RNA transcripts (1+ and 2+) are encoded by the virion DNA strand and up to five (1- to 5-) by the complementary DNA strand [corrected]. Detailed mapping of these RNAs has revealed evidence for splicing in one species (RNA 4-), which together with its more abundant unspliced counterpart (RNA 2-) could synthesize both a 30.5 and 41 kd polypeptide from the same transcription unit. This extensive overlapping of spliced and unspliced RNAs could indicate that the initiation and splicing of transcripts is temporally regulated. At least one transcript (RNA 1-) may have a non-translational role. Transcription of the DSV genome shows similarities to some animal DNA viruses, particularly the papovaviruses.
A preliminary taxonomy of leisure activities.

Descriptions of the psychological benefits of participation in 34 leisure activities were obtained from 1375 respondents who described themselves as knowledgeable participants of at least a year's ...
Intestinal microbiota of preterm infants differ between sites and over time: a comparison of two large neonatal intensive care units (637.8)

Neonatal intensive care units (NICUs) differ in their rates of necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) and sepsis. Intestinal microbiota are implicated in these diseases, but the microbiota of different NI...
Leadership in Evolving Democratic School Communities.

Early in this century, John Dewey wondered how educators could justify believing in democracy if they did not practice it in schools. This paper presents findingt of a study that located the underlying values that support the social construction of democratic praxis in schools. It explored how school leaders in democratic school communities viewed the dialectic relationship between schools and communities and between democratic beliefs and practices, and identified underlying factors that foster democratic practices. Data were derived through action inquiry--a series of interviews with six leaders of seven schools engaged in a network project, interviews with a peer administrator and superintendents in each district, and observation. Standpoint theory vas used to examine the human actions that -.sult from human understandings. Findings suggest that school leaders committed to democratic practices understand leadership as an idea, not as a process; exhibit equity in their language and behavior; view "learning together" as school culture; engage in building capacity; and accept the status of "outsider within." The interaction of practitioner and researcher in the participatory research process leads to deeper understanding of embedded notions that limit democratic practices. Suggestions for how leadership is taught in administrator-preparation courses are offered. (Contains 58 references.) (LMI) ********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made * from the original document. * *********************************************************************** C`O klf) American Educational Research Association i\ San Francisco, CA
Completing an Advance Directive in the Primary Care Setting: What Do We Need for Success?

OBJECTIVES: To systematically review studies designed to increase advance directive completion in the primary care setting and employ meta-analytic techniques to quantify their effects. DESIGN: Extensive bibliographic searches of English-language literature published from January 1991 through July 2005 were conducted. Investigators abstracted prespecified information (e.g., design, study duration, types of interventions employed) and advance directive completion rates for intervention and control arms in each investigation and calculated absolute rate differences (i.e., difference in completion rates between the two groups) for each study. Individual study and pooled-effect sizes were also calculated, along with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). SETTING: Literature review. RESULTS: Eighteen studies were retained in the final sample. Most studies employed multimodal interventions. The most common approach consisted of educational materials directed at patients (through mailing or at visit) coupled with a patient–healthcare provider interaction in a group or individual setting (n=7). Absolute differences in completion rates varied from a high of 44% (favors intervention) to a low of –2% (favors control). Effect sizes could be calculated for 15 of the 18 studies. The pooled effect size was 0.50 (95% CI=0.17–0.83), indicating a moderate overall effect in favor of the intervention. CONCLUSION: The majority of studies demonstrated statistically significant effects associated with the advance directive intervention. The most successful interventions incorporated direct patient–healthcare professional interactions over multiple visits. Passive education of patients using written materials (without direct counseling) was a relatively ineffective method for increasing advance directive completion rates in the primary care setting.
The Impact of an LGBT Safe Zone Project on Campus Climate.

A critical ethnographic evaluation was conducted to assess the impact of an LGBT Safe Zone project. Results of the study suggest that the project has had a positive impact on the visibility of LGBT people and issues on campus, and has increased support for LGBT people.
Singularities of Newtonian Gravitational Systems

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses the singularities of Newtonian gravitational systems. One of the unresolved questions of the n-body problem of celestial mechanics is the interpretation of a singularity at time t ═ t0. The chapter reviews a portion of the history to show the current status of the problem, to show the nature of the motion of a singularity if the conjecture is false, and finally to obtain a new sufficient condition for a singularity to be a collision. The notation is standard. It is assumed that an inertial coordinate system where the origin is identified with the center of mass of the n bodies.
Fuzzy ranking of human development: A proposal

Abstract In this paper we propose to measure human development as a fuzzy concept. We stress that there exists a great deal of vagueness in quantifying a country’s level of human development; one such source of vagueness is the weighting scheme embedded in the well-publicized UNDP’s Human Development Index (HDI). We propose to evaluate the resulting fuzziness in human development ranking with a truth value function. A truth value is simply a function of the probability that a randomly drawn bundle of weights will rank one country to have a higher HDI than another country. We derive simple and easily computable formulae for calculating the truth value. The method derived is equally applicable to fuzzy rankings with other composite indices.
New Approaches to the Diagnosis and Treatment of Inborn Errors of Urea Synthesis

Long-term therapy of urea cycle enzymopathies using dietary manipulation alone has had limited success. Exploitation of alternative pathways of waste nitrogen excretion appears to improve control of these disorders. Arginine supplementation alone is sufficient therapy for AL deficiency. Arginine, protein restriction, and benzoate appear to be successful in managing AS deficiency. Sodium benzoate and/or phenylacetic acid combined with dietary manipulations may improve the prognosis in OTC and CPS deficiencies, but the long-term effectiveness of these drugs has yet to be tested. Acute therapy of hyperammonemic coma continues to be a vexing problem. Peritoneal dialysis appears to be more effective than exchange transfusion in removing accumulated nitrogen. Hemodialysis, if immediately available, is also effective. Sodium benzoate alone has avoided the necessity for peritoneal dialysis in many patients. However, at ammonium levels greater than tenfold normal, the effects of sodium benzoate have been equivocal. Intravenous arginine alone is effective therapy in treatment of hyperammonemic coma in AL and possibly AS deficiency.
Cattle Bring Us to Our Enemies: Turkana Ecology, Politics, and Raiding in a Disequilibrium System

Cattle Bring Us to Our Enemies: Turkana Ecology, Politics, and Raiding in. Disequilibrium System. J. Terrence McCabe. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2004. 299 pp.
LIP responses to a popout stimulus are reduced if it is overtly ignored

Bright objects capture our attention by virtue of 'popping out' from their surroundings. This correlates with strong responses in cortical areas thought to be important in attentional allocation. Previous studies have suggested that with the right mindset or training, humans can ignore popout stimuli. We studied the activity of neurons in monkey lateral intraparietal area while monkeys performed a visual search task. The monkeys were free to move their eyes, and a distractor, but never the search target, popped out. On trials in which the monkeys made a saccade directly to the search target, the popout distractor evoked a smaller response than the non-popout distractors. The intensity of the response to the popout correlated inversely with the monkeys' ability to ignore it. We suggest that this modulation corresponds to a top-down mechanism that the brain uses to adjust the parietal representation of salience.
Evaluation of Feed Response Methods to Estimate Inventory of Catfish in Commercial Ponds

Most commercial catfish ponds in the United States contain fish of various sizes ranging from 35 g fingerlings to >1.5 kg fish. Catfish farmers, when required by lenders and bankruptcy judges to estimate pond inventories, rely primarily on methods based on daily feeding response of catfish. These methods have not been evaluated systematically. Daily feed data from experimental (0.1-ha and 1.6-ha) and commercial (4-ha) ponds were used to characterize feed response of catfish and to compare the accuracy and precision of feeding response methods used to estimate fish inventories. Daily feed consumption of catfish was highly variable. Inventories estimated with feed response methods had errors of 16% to 37% in single-batch production and 28% to 49% in multiple-batch production. Inventories estimated with feed response methods were too inaccurate and variable for reliable use in management by lenders or the courts.
Erratum to: RVG-Mediated Calpain2 Gene Silencing in the Brain Impairs Learning and Memory

Kumar, P., Wu, H., McBride, J. L., Jung, K. E., Kim, M. H.,Davidson, B. L., Lee, S. K., Shankar, P., & Manjunath N. (2007).Transvascular delivery of small interfering RNA to the centralnervous system. Nature, 448, 39–43.The online version of the original article can be found underdoi:10.1007/s12017-012-8196-8.S. Zadran (&)Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology,1200 East California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USAe-mail: szadran@mednet.ucla.eduG. Akopian H. Zadran J. Walsh M. BaudryDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of SouthernCalifornia, 3641 Watt Way, HNB 514, Los Angeles, CA 90089,USA
A Guide to Selecting Cost Management Software

What kinds of cost management software are available? What does each package do? And what pitfalls must you avoid? The authors answer these important questions. © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Study of Hydrogen Sulfide Adsorption on Activated Carbons Using Inverse Gas Chromatography at Infinite Dilution

Adsorption of hydrogen sulfide on fifteen samples of activated carbons (unmodified and catalytic with introduced basic nitrogen groups) was studied using inverse gas chromatography (IGC) at infinite dilution. Porous structure of carbons was evaluated using sorption of nitrogen. From the retention volume measured in IGC experiments, heats of adsorption, free energy of adsorption, entropy, and Henry's constants were calculated. The results showed the dependence of these quantities on pore sizes of the adsorbents. The strong dependence of the isosteric heat of adsorption on the temperature of measurement and, following this, unusually high heat capacity suggest the strong effect of specific interactions and catalytic influence of carbon surface even unmodified. The calculated Henry's constants are in agreement with the literature data. The adsorption on carbons with incorporated basic nitrogen groups is characterized by stronger adsorbent−adsorbate interactions than on unmodified carbons.
Heavy metal content of sediments in the Calcasieu River/Lake Complex, Louisiana

The heavy metals Cd, Cr, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ag, and Zn, and the metalloid As were measured in surface sediments at permanent stations located in the Calcasieu River/Lake Complex. The relationships among metal concentrations in different areas of the system were investigated to determine sources, source strength, and transport. The point-source inputs of heavy metals were assumed to be industrial outfalls (Bayou d'Inde) and sewage outfalls (Bayou d'Inde and Contraband Bayou). Although these inputs have not seriously affected the entire river/lake system, stressed regions exist within each bayou.
XDependency: maintaining relationships between XML data resources

This paper proposes an XDependency description model and language that can be used as part of a distributed integrity control system for XML data resources. The dependency description language allows relationships to be specified between XML data available from different organizations. The paper also includes a prototype agent-based system capable of enforcing distributed dependency relationships. An XDependency maintenance system should make it possible to automate the distributed integrity control for XML resources. q 2003 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Social System Perspective and Clinical perspective: Frames of Reference for Understanding Career Patterns of Persons Labelled as Mentally Retarded

A growing body of sociological literature is diverging from the traditional treatment of deviance. This new approach, which we are calling the "social system perspective," views deviance as a label emerging from an interpersonal process in which one individual or group of individuals defines the behavior or physical attributes of another individual or group as "different," "strange," or beyond tolerable limits.2,3,4 The social system perspective contrasts sharply with the more conventional view of deviance as an
The Fcγ Receptors on Human Macrophages

HE ABILITY to identify and remove poten­ tially dangerous foreign organisms and pro­ teins is critical to the survival of a species. In hu­ mans, IgG antibodies serve to recognize such foreign antigens and to facilitate their removal. The latter process involves the macrophage phago­ cytic system, the cells of which express Fcl' recep­ tors. These receptors specifically recognize the Fc domain of IgG antibody that coats the foreign or­ ganism. On the surface of macrophages, these Fc'Y receptors mediate cell attachment and stimulate phagocytosis. Moreover, their perturbation leads to the release of mediators of inflammation and enzymes that are involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases. At least three biochemically distinct Fcl' recep­ tors have been described on human cells, and each appears to be present on the surface of human mac­ rophages. These receptors have been designated FC'YRI (CD 64), FCI'RII (CD 32), and FC'YRIII (CD 16). They are membrane glycoproteins with extra­ cellular domains that contain immunoglobulin-like regions. Therefore, they are members of the im­ munoglobulin gene superfamily. They appear to be located on human chromosome 1 and may have arisen from gene duplication. This review focuses on the current state of knowledge of these hetero­ geneous human macrophage Fc"y receptors. FC-yRI