cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Cooperation in Queueing Systems

We study a social dilemma in a single-queue system in which human servers have discretion over the effort with which to process orders that arrive stochastically. We show theoretically that the efficient outcome in the form of high effort can be sustained in the subgame perfect equilibrium if the interactions are long term (even when each server has a short-term incentive to free ride and provide low effort). In addition, we show that queue visibility plays an important role in the type of strategies that can sustain high-effort equilibrium. In particular, we show that limiting feedback about the current state of the queue is beneficial if servers are patient enough. We conduct two controlled lab experiments to test the theoretical predictions and find that effort is increasing in the expected duration of the interaction. We also find that visibility has a strong impact on the strategies that human subjects use to provide effort in a dynamic setting. We discuss implications for managers and firms that are trying to improve service systems.
Pheromonal Communication between Plants

It has become generally accepted that plant secondary metabolites constitute an important defense of plants against attack by herbivores and other consumers.1–3 It is also becoming clear that plants are far from static resources to herbivores, as had been widely assumed in the past. Plant nutritional quality to herbivores can vary with the degree of both physical and biotic stress experienced by plants. Physical stresses such as drought, waterlogging, depletion of soil nutrients, frost damage, and pollution often increase susceptibility of plants to herbivores.4–6 In physically stressed plants, this increased susceptibility appears to be due to a combination of increased content of amino acids and other nutrients,7,9 and lowered commitment to defense.5,6 Reports of decreased nutritional quality to herbivores, as measured in bioassays or increased content of defensive compounds, in plants previously attacked by herbivores or experiencing current attack, are becoming increasingly common.6,10,11,17 Defensive responses of plants to attack by herbivores have been reported in as many as 29 species in 13 families including herbs, grasses, a sedge, a vine and trees, so these responses may be universal.
A Neural Network Structure for System Identification

Establishing a dynamic process model is the first step toward implementing a modern control algorithm. Because of the complexity of chemical processes, most models are identified, that is, determined from a known input/output sequence. Furthermore, models are usually linear and time invariant. This research focuses on the application of neural networks to the development of dynamic models. In particular, this paper presents a modification of the layered structure used most commonly with the Backward Error Propagation algorithm The modification is the addition of a set of weights connected directly from the input to the output layer, weights which contribute in a linear manner to the network output. This creates a number of advantageous compared to traditional structures, including initialization of network parameters based on process knowledge, additional insight to the leaning algorithm, and enhanced extrapolation outside of examples the learning data set.
Neutron Diffraction Studies of the Hydrogen Bonding and Water Molecules in Zeolites

The role of the water molecules in zeolites is twofold: to complete the coordination of the cations in the cavities and to minimize the electrostatic repulsion between the framework oxygens. The hydrogen atom arrangement seems to be mainly influenced by the cation-hydrogen repulsion. A secondary effect on the hydrogen bonding system is played by the Si, Al distribution in the framework, that is the charge distribution around the acceptor oxygen atoms. The charge saturation of the framework oxygen atoms, the distance between pairs of available hydrogen bond acceptors and the flexibility of the water molecule determine the hydrogen bond geometry. The hydrogen bond lengths in zeolites are usually long in comparison with the range found in other crystalline hydrates.
Microelectromechanical wavelength-tunable vertical cavity laser

Wavelength-tunable semiconductor diode lasers have potential applications ranging from wavelength division multiplexed optical communications and interconnects to spectroscopic remote sensing. A wide and continuous tuning range is desirable in many of these applications; however, monolithically-fabricated devices, which are tuned by refractive index effects, have been limited to a fractional tuning range of 1% at most. Tuning based on micromechanical modulation of the physical cavity length faces no such limitation, and is especially suitable for the short cavity lengths in vertical-cavity surface-emitting lasers (VCSELs). Recently we demonstrated a tunable resonant-cavity light emitter based on the micromechanical motion of a suspended gold/silicon nitride top mirror, and achieved pulsed laser oscillation in a similar device. Here we describe continuous-wave operation of a VCSEL operating in a single longitudinal and transverse mode and continuously tunable over 18 nm.
The composition of grignard compounds

A monoetherate of cyclopentadienylmethylmagnesium has been isolated. Comparison of its infrared spectrum in the 4000–300 cm−1 region with dimethylmagnesium and dicyclopentadienylmagnesium indicates that in the solid state the magnesium atoms are associated via methyl bridge bonds and that the cyclopentadienyl ring has approximately D5h symmetry. When dissolved in benzene, the methyl bridge bonds are retained, but partial dissociation of the ether occurs. There is partial cleavage of the methyl bridge bonds when the etherate is dissolved in diethyl ether. Tetrahydrofuran cleaves the methyl bridge bonds completely. Proton magnetic resonance and molecular association studies are presented to support the above interpretation. Desolvation of the solid monoetherate is achieved readily. Unsolvated cyclopentadienylmethylmagnesium retains the methyl bridge bonds but the symmetry of the cyclopentadienyl ring is modified.
Law and the Second-Person Standpoint

This Symposium is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Reviews at Digital Commons at Loyola Marymount University and Loyola LawSchool. It has been accepted for inclusion in Loyola of Los Angeles Law Review by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons at LoyolaMarymount University and Loyola Law School. For more information, please contact digitalcommons@lmu.edu.
HALLAZGoS oFTALMoLÓGICoS eN PACIeNTeS CoN VIH/SIDA eN LA eRA PRe TARGA

Prospective study was performed in 821 HIV-AIDS patients evaluated in ophthalmology and infectious diseases services of a public hospital in Lima, Peru as a part of the initial evaluation to access HAART protocol treatment from April 2004 to July 2006. The range patient age was 16-73 years (media 36), 74% was male, 114 (13,9%) had been taken antirretroviral drugs. More than half (62%) had ocular symptoms, the most frequent was decreased of visual acuity (38,4%). We reported anterior segment findings in 21,7%, superficial punctate queratopathy, conjunctival microvasculopathy, conjunctivitis and cataract were the most observed. In posterior segment 11,9% had lesions, retinal microvasculopathy was described in 47 (5,7%) and cytomegalovirus retinitis in 31 (3,8%), that was the most important cause of blindness in this group of patients (14/19 eyes).
Reducing Weight for Transportation Applications: Technology Challenges and Opportunities

Today’s land, sea and air transportation industries — as a business necessity — are focused on technology solutions that will make vehicles more sustainable in terms of energy, the environment, safety and affordability. Reducing vehicle weight is a key enabler for meeting these challenges as well as increasing payload and improving performance. The potential weight reductions from substituting lightweight metals (advanced high-strength steels, aluminum, magnesium and titanium alloys) are well established. For magnesium castings, weight savings of 60% have been reported [1]. The value of weight reduction depends on the transportation sector and ranges from about $5/kg saved for automobiles to over $500/kg saved for aircraft [2]. The challenge is to optimize the material properties and develop robust, high volume, manufacturing technologies and the associated supply chain to fabricate components and subsystems at the appropriate cost for each application.
Symmetric correlations as seen in central Au+Au collisions at √s=200A GeV

We analyze the forward-backward multiplicity correlation coefficient as measured by STAR. We show that in the most central Au $+$ Au collisions bins located symmetrically around $\ensuremath{\eta}=0$ with large separation in pseudorapidity are more strongly correlated than bins located asymmetrically with smaller separation. In proton-proton collisions the opposite effect is observed. It suggests a qualitatively different behavior of the two-particle correlation as a function of pseudorapidity sum in $p+p$ and Au+Au collisions.
Tacheometry in Survey Engineering

Tacheometry or quick measurement is a method that has intrigued the survey engineer throughout history. One scheme of method classification is as follows: (1) tangential; (2) fixed base; (3) optical reading reticule; (4) double image; and (5) short range electronic instruments. Of particular interest is the current tacheometers produced by firms such as Wild, Kern, and Zeiss. These instruments outperform stadia and can, within accuracies of about 1/500, lead to true quick measurement. In the higher accuracy range of 1/10,000 or better and to a distance of 2 km, the recent introduction of a gallium arsinide electronic measuring device by Tellurometer, Wild, Hewlitt-Packard, and several other companies has effectively limited the classical subtense bar and double image instruments to a few special purpose jobs. In all cases, the real consideration is the needed accuracy and the limitations on this accuracy by atmospheric and instrumental aberrations.
Cup tool use by squirrel monkeys.

Captive-born male and female squirrel monkeys spontaneously 'invented' a cup tool use technique to Contain (i.e., hold and control) food they reduced into fragments for consumption and to Contain water collected from a valve to drink. Food cup use was observed more frequently than water cup use. Observations indicate that 68% (n = 39/57) of monkeys in this population used a cup (a plastic slip cap) to Contain food, and a subset of these monkeys, 10% (n = 4/39), also used a cup to Contain water. Cup use was optional and did not replace, but supplemented, the hand/arm-to-mouth eating and direct valve drinking exhibited by all members of the population. Strategies monkeys used to bring food and cups together for food processing activity at preferred upper-level perching areas, in the arboreal-like environment in which they lived, provides evidence that monkeys may plan food processing activity with the cups. Specifically, prior to cup use monkeys obtained a cup first before food, or obtained food and a cup from the floor simultaneously, before transporting both items to upper-level perching areas. After food processing activity with cups monkeys rarely dropped the cups and more often placed the cups onto perching. Monkeys subsequently returned to use cups that they previously placed on perching after food processing activity. The latter behavior is consistent with the possibility that monkeys may keep cups at preferred perching sites for future food processing activity and merits experimental investigation. Reports of spontaneous tool use by squirrel monkeys are rare and this is the first report of population-level tool use. These findings offer insights into the cognitive abilities of squirrel monkeys and provide a new context for behavior studies with this genus and for comparative studies with other primates.
Major histocompatibility complex-defined macaques in transplantation research

Nonhuman primates (NHP), primarily rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and cynomolgus macaques (M. fascicularis), serve as important preclinical models for solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation by providing an essential link in the translation of mechanistic approaches developed in mice to successful clinical therapeutic strategies. Although the central role of the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) in transplant biology has long been recognized, our knowledge of this system in NHP remains rudimentary compared to that of mice and humans. In this work, we review our current understanding of the MHC in macaques and the limitations it places on preclinical transplantation studies. We then discuss recent work from our laboratory that has identified cynomolgus macaques from the Indian Ocean island of Mauritius as an MHC-defined NHP population with exceptional potential for preclinical transplantation studies.
A method for making aceto-carmine squashes permanent without removal of the cover slip.

Two modifications of Bridges' alcohol vapor method for making smear and squash preparations permanent are described. The variation of more general significance permits euparal to be applied without removal of the cover slip. Thus, possibility of loss, distortion or overlapping of desirable material is eliminated from this phase of preparation. The second modification is a reduction in duration of the alcohol vapor treatment. Although the latter alteration in schedule has no particular value in connection with material of many genera, it allows the vapor method to be applied to tissues of Nicotiana and may be useful in dealing with material of some other genera.
Enable multimedia mobility with IEEE 802.21

Mobile devices supporting multiple radio technologies are becoming mainstream in the market. These devices can experience vertical handovers between heterogeneous networks due to device mobility or multiple network coverage. Handover latency is critical to ensure session continuity and end user experience. This paper presents a solution using IEEE 802.21 to enable seamless mobility for data and video streaming sessions. The solution was implemented and evaluated using commercial wireless networks and mobile devices. Lab and field trial results show minimal handover delay and improved user experience.
PROTEOLYTIC CLEAVAGE SITES OF NATIVE AE2 ANION EXCHANGER IN GASTRIC MUCOSAL MEMBRANES

The AE2 anion exchanger in pig and rabbit gastric mucosal membranes was subjected to limited proteolysis with trypsin, chymotrypsin, and papain, and to enzymatic N-deglycosylation. A monoclonal antibody to the AE2 C-terminal peptide was raised, characterized, and used to purify pig AE2 and its C-terminal cleavage products. Five distinct proteolytic cleavage sites within the AE2 transmembrane domain were defined by amino acid sequencing. The amino acid sequence of pig AE2 in the region encompassing the N-glycosylated Z-loop was also determined by RT-PCR. Tryptic cleavage of pig AE2 in the Z-loop produced C-terminal glycopeptides and was unaffected by deglycosylation, whereas the smaller rabbit AE2 C-terminal tryptic peptide lacked oligosaccharide, consistent with the respective amino acid sequences. The third consensus N-glycosylation site in pig Z-loop was heterogeneously glycosylated. Rapid papain cleavage in the Z-loop and slower cleavage in loop 7-8 produced C-terminal peptide products which were not N-glycosylated. Chymotryptic cleavage of the rabbit AE2 Z-loop required prior deglycosylation. Chymotryptic cleavage in the pig AE2 Z-loop produced C-terminal glycopeptides. Prior deglycosylation of pig AE2 unmasked novel, ionic strength-sensitive chymotryptic cleavage sites in the adjacent exofacial loop 7-8. These results provide experimental confirmation for some aspects of AE2 topography previously predicted from primary structure alone.
A new method for the modeling of geometric nonlinearities in structures

Abstract New concepts of local displacements, local engineering stresses and strains, and virtual local rotations are used to derive geometrically exact theories of structures undergoing large rotations and displacements but small strain vibrations. The vector expressions, objectivity, and relationships of several work-conjugate pairs of stress and strain measures are discussed and limitations of their use in the formulation of geometrically nonlinear theories of structures are investigated. The Green-Lagrange strains and second Piola-Kirchhoff stresses are objective (i.e. invariant under rigid-body motions) and complete nonlinear measures, but they are not geometric measures and hence difficult to use. On the other hand, the engineering stresses and strains are easy to use because they are geometric measures and the material stiffnesses obtained from small-strain experiments can be directly used. However, the engineering stresses and strains are not objective measures when finite rotations are involved. To make the engineering measures objective, we employ a coordinate transformation to remove the rigid-body displacements from the total displacements. Then, the remaining, small local displacement field is used to derive objective local engineering strains, which are equivalent to the Jaumann-Biot-Cauchy strains. Moreover, a new interpretation and manipulation of virtual local rotations is introduced, which makes the derivation of geometrically nonlinear structural theories straightforward. A structural formulation using these concepts fully correlates the Newtonian and energy approaches. These new concepts are fully illustrated by deriving a three-dimensional nonlinear Euler-Bernoulli beam theory.
The Electric and Optical Behavior of BaTi O 3 Single-Domain Crystals

The dielectric constants, the spontaneous polarization, and the optical properties of BaTi${\mathrm{O}}_{3}$ single-domain crystals have been measured as a function of temperature. It is shown that the deformation of the crystal in the tetragonal state is proportional to the square of the spontaneous polarization, in analogy to the behavior of the other ferroelectrics, and that the temperature dependence of the birefringence is proportional to the square of the spontaneous polarization. The change of the polarization at the two lower transition points is consistent with the assumption that the Ti ions in the oxygen octahedra are displaced from the [001] to the [011] and later to the [111] direction.
Event Management Curriculum Development and Positioning: A Path toward Professionalization

The number of higher education event management academic programs located in hospitality, tourism and business schools around the world is growing. Yet, there remains a lack of clarity regarding what is included and what is not included in event management curriculum. We assess the state of sophistication and professionalization, benchmarked against Abbott's Systems of Professions (1988); examine the drivers of this growth area; and suggest advancing the level of professionalization through curriculum and program development.
Long chemotherapy‐free remissions after single‐cycle timed‐sequential chemotherapy for acute myelocytic leukemia

Thirty-seven patients with acute myelocytic leukemia were treated with a timed-sequential regimen of arabinosyl cytosine and daunorubicin followed by no further therapy until relapse. The cycle-specific agent arabinosyl cytosine was given by three-day infusion at the time when the malignant cell population was predicted to have a maximal regrowth rate following an initial three-day infusion of arabinosyl cytosine and daunorubicin together. Malignant myeloblasts demonstrated an increased in vivo tritiated thymidine uptake prior to the second infusion. Complete remission was achieved in 56% of previously untreated evaluable patients (65% of all patients less than 60 years of age) with a single cycle of this therapy. Median duration of chemotherapy-free remission for these patients was 10 months, 47% were still in remission at one year and 31% are projected to be in remission at two years. Eight of 11 relapsing patients achieved a second remission with the same regimen and the median survival cannot yet be predicted. These results compare favorably with results from other centers using regimens involving multiple courses of remission induction, consolidation, and continuous maintenance chemotherapy.
Crystallization control in highly undercooled liquids and glasses

Abstract Crystallization of highly undercooled materials either from the melt during cooling or from an amorphous phase during heating can yield novel phases with useful properties, but a reliable control of phase selection has been elusive. In bulk volumes fluxing is a common method to promote high undercooling due to nucleant removal or deactivation, but the mechanism is not defined clearly. From experiments on Au with well controlled conditions the operation of fluxing has been identified as a nucleant refining process. Moreover, structural studies have discovered that fluxing can also affect the melt structure and dynamics in multicomponent alloys. During primary nanocrystallization of amorphous Al alloys, solute substitution has a significant effect on the glass forming ability and crystallization kinetics primarily through the change in diffusion that impacts the crystal nucleation rate through transient effects.
Toward Convective Boundary Layer Parameterization: A Scalar Transport Module

Abstract Recent results from large-eddy simulations indicate that the eddy diffusivity for scalar diffusion through the top of a convective boundary layer is different from that for diffusion through the bottom. From this, one can show that the eddy diffusivity is not well behaved in general and can have singularities. As an alternative to the high-resolution approach using eddy-diffusivity closure, we propose an improved integral method for calculating scalar transport in the convective boundary layer. Based on an analytical parameterization for the mean scalar profile, it is computationally as simple as the familiar “mixed-layer” integral method but is physically more realistic, allowing a mean scalar gradient within the mixed layer. We present sample results for the evolution of humility, CO and O3 profiles during the day.
Functional Assessment Performance and Muscular Strength Improve in an Older Adult Following an 8-Week Kaatsu-Walk Training Program: A Case Study

ABSTRACTCombining blood flow occlusion, Kaatsu, with a daily treadmill-walking program increases muscular strength in young, healthy men. Research using a similar training program in older adults is lacking. The present case study examined functional activity and body impairment responses to a daily walking program with Kaatsu in an older adult. The 67-year-old female participant walked at 0.85 m/s for five 2-min bouts with 1 min of rest between bouts, five times/week for 8 weeks with lower extremity Kaatsu cuffs inflated. Outcomes (Timed Up and Go, the Six Minute Walk Test, Ten Meter Walk Test, lower extremity strength measures) were collected at baseline, 2, 4, 6, and 8 weeks. Vitals were measured at the beginning and end of each walking session. Descriptives were calculated over time to determine the temporal effects of the Kaatsu-walk training program. All assessments, Timed Up and Go, Six Minute Walk Test, Ten Meter Walk Test, and lower extremity strength measures, increased 18.2% up to 46.8% from ba...
Fecundity-Survival Trade-Offs and Parental Risk-Taking in Birds

Life history theory predicts that parents should value their own survival over that of their offspring in species with a higher probability of adult survival and fewer offspring. We report that Southern Hemisphere birds have higher adult survival and smaller clutch sizes than Northern Hemisphere birds. We subsequently manipulated predation risk to adults versus offspring in 10 species that were paired between North and South America on the basis of phylogeny and ecology. As predicted, southern parents responded more strongly to reduce mortality risk to themselves even at a cost to their offspring, whereas northern parents responded more strongly to reduce risk to their offspring even at greater risk to themselves.
HARD QUARK-QUARK SCATTERING WITH EXCLUSIVE REACTIONS*

We have begun a program designed to study hard quark-quark scattering with exclusive reactions, focusing on quasi-elastic two-body reactions with all possible quark flavor exchanges. Examples are ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup -/p, rho/sup -/p, ..pi../sup +/..delta../sup -/, K/sup +/..sigma../sup -/, or K..lambda... Of the two-body exclusives, only elastic scattering had been measured at such large t previous to our experiment. By comparing the relative importance of different final states, the energy dependence of the production ratios of these states, the prominence of resonances such as rho/sup -/ over background in this region, and measuring polarizations where accessible, we have collected a large body of data on hard scattering in a completely new domain. Previously, essential all short distance QCD tests have been for inclusive processes. We have taken data with both negative and positive incident beam at 10 GeV/c on a hydrogen target and will present the first results, for ..pi../sup -/p ..-->.. ..pi../sup -/p and rho/sup -/p at THETA/sub cm/ = 90/sup 0/, -t = 9 GeV/sup 2//c/sup 2/. The apparatus consists of a magnetic spectrometer, with Cerenkov particle identification, which selects stable charged particles (protons in this case) at high momentum near 90/sup 0/ in the center-of-mass. Amore » large aperture array of PWCs observes the recoil particle or charged decay products. Cross sections are extremely low, approximately a 1 nb/(GeV/c)/sup 2/ for elastic scattering. We will report on a sample of more than 1000 ..pi../sup -/p elastic events, and on rho/sup -/p, where the rho/sup -/ decay distribution was observed. We find a surprisingly large rho/sup -/p cross section in this large momentum transfer region, with rho/sup -/p about half the elastic cross section, and a striking spin alignment of the rho/sup -/.« less
Statistical Comparison of Bioassays for Assessment of Toxicity of Organic Components of Wastewater to Activated Sludge

In aquatic toxicity testing, no single test species responds appropriately to all toxicants. Therefore test batteries consisting of several individual assays are becoming more common. The species comprising a test battery should be representative of the entire system of interest. Each assay should be complementary to other components in the test battery and the test battery should not include redundant tests. We studied the selection of test battery components for the assessment of the toxicity of organic chemicals to activated sludge. The assays considered were the continuous Shk1, Microtox, Polytox, activated sludge respiration inhibition, Nitrosomonas, and Tetrahymena assays. The correlations between the toxicity data obtained from these assays were analyzed by examining the correlation matrix and by principal component analysis. These statistical methods showed that the Nitrosomonas assay should be included in test batteries plus one of the remaining five assays for assessing toxicity of organic compo...
Quantum theory of the two-dimensional Bose liquid

Abstract The local matter density and current density have proven natural coordinates for the study of the elementary excitation spectrum in the Bose liquid. A fundamental decomposition of the current density into algebraic and topological parts is shown to yield both quasiparticle and pseudoparticle excitations.
Involvement in Choice Can Improve Performance

Do those with greater involvement in a process of choice perform better? Specifically, do students get better grades if they are more involved in choosing their classes? Students in an introductory psychology course were offered informed choice of 32 sections. Those who changed sections (active choice) or were forced to take their second or third choices (choice process salient) had better grades than those who stayed in their original computer-assigned section (possibly a passive choice). Covariates controlled effects of grade point average, semester hours completed, and major. The desirability of the section had no interactive effect.
Magnetometry with High Sampling Rate Using Cold Atoms in a Movable Dark Optical Trap

We use Faraday spectroscopy of atoms confined to a crossed hollow beam trap to measure the magnetic field in a 200-micron-diameter spot with kilohertz sampling rate. Magnetic field maps are acquired by dynamic trap scanning.
A mechatronics control engineering class at Beihang University, China: Practicing and exploring

Abstract Due to the synergistic nature of mechanical engineering, electronic control and systematical thinking [1] , the mechatronics education is regarded as a complicated and more demanding course characterized by the need of highly integrated ability with theoretical knowledge and hands-on experiment to solve proposed problems, and thus has drawn great attention worldwide. As one of the typical and innovative teaching modes in mechatronics in China, mechatronics teaching in Beihang University has formed a “One main line, Two links, Three practical points” mode and methodology, which emphasizes on the links and mapping relationships between theoretical teaching and practical teaching. After 6-year practicing and exploring, the course has made fundamental and systematic innovation achievements in the field with respect to class materials, teaching mode, teaching system. Several typical mechatronics projects proposed and achieved by students have verified the effect and innovation of the project based teaching mode and methodology.
The effect of sertraline on the pharmacokinetics of desipramine and imipramine

Objective To examine the pharmacokinetic interaction between the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor sertraline and the tricyclic antidepressants desipramine or imipramine in 12 healthy male subjects. Methods Participants received a 50 mg single dose of either desipramine or imipramine under three conditions: alone, after a single 150 mg dose of sertraline, and after the eighth daily 150 mg dose of sertraline. Plasma samples were analyzed for desipramine or imipramine concentration by HPLC with electrochemical detection, and pharmacokinetics were determined with use of noncompartmental analysis of individual data. Results Multiple-dose, but not single-dose, treatment with sertraline significantly reduced apparent plasma clearance (CL/F) and prolonged the half-life of desipramine relative to baseline. These changes resulted in higher plasma desipramine concentrations, as indicated by a significant increase in maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve extrapolated to infinity [AUC(0-∞)] (22% and 54%, respectively). Both single- and multiple-dose treatment with sertraline significantly reduced the CL/F of imipramine. This effect was stronger after multiple predoses of sertraline, when imipramine Cmax and AUC(0-∞) were increased by 39% and 68%, respectively. These treatment effects were consistent between individuals. Conclusions This pharmacokinetic interaction is likely the result of an inhibition of CYP2D6 tricyclic metabolism by sertraline. When a tricyclic antidepressant, such as desipramine or imipramine, is coadministered with sertraline, lower dosages of the tricyclic agents may be necessary to prevent elevated tricyclic levels. Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics (1997) 62, 145–156; doi:
Diffusion with first-order reaction with a time-dependent rate coefficient

Abstract A class of solutions of first-order reaction—diffusion equation boundary value problems with a time-dependent rate coefficient can be written as a simple generalization of Danckwerts' solution involving only the corresponding diffusion equation boundary value problem. For the time-independent, constant first-order rate coefficient these solutions reduce to the known solutions.
Effects of soil texture on respiration and metal solubility in heating oil-amended soils

A comparison of oil transformations in soils of varying texture but similar fertility could reveal the effects of soil texture on oil decomposition. Differences in soil surface area may also cause differential responses to added metals in soils of diverse textures. The purpose of this experiment was to determine the effect of three different soil textures on rates of soil respiration and soil metal availability and content, following amendment with two types of heating oils.
The electronic and molecular structure of silyl nitrene

Abstract FORS MC SCF calculations performed with the 6-31G d basis set have been used to predict the geometries of the lowest singlet ( 1 E) and triplet ( 3 A 2 ) states of silyl nitrene. Both states are found to have C 3v symmetry at this computational level. Single- second-order configuration interaction calculations that is, all single and double excitations from the FORS MC SCF reference configuration) at the MC geometries predict the triplet ground state to be 42.3 kcal/mol below 1 E and only 8.2 kcal/mol above the singlet ground state of silaimine.
Tidal Patterns and Energy Balance in the Gulf of California

Roden and Groves1 wrote: “The oceanographic aspects of the Gulf of California, one of the least known marginal seas of the North Pacific, are both interesting and complex”. Tidal processes certainly justify the statement. With a reported spring range of 10 m as well as currents exceeding 6 knots (ref. 2) the tides in the Gulf of California are among the most spectacular and dangerous in the world. Nevertheless, because of the rarity and inadequacy of observations, no consistent picture could be drawn until recently. Many quantitative studies of this area must thus be regarded as provisional; there is, for example, an eight-fold range in estimates of energy dissipation for the semidiurnal lunar tide, namely, Heiskanen3,4: 2.5×1017 erg s−1; Miller5: 4×1017 erg s−1; Hendershott6: 1 to 2×1017 erg s−1; and my proposed values: 4.35×1016 erg s−1 for M2 alone, 4.65×1016 erg s−1 for all semidiurnal lunar constituents and 4.85×1016 erg s−1 for all lunar constituents.
Hysteresis in accommodation

Under certain conditions the accommodative response is not a simple function of accommodative stimulus, but depends as well upon the history of the stimulus. Experimental evidence points to multiple mode control of accommodation as being responsive: a high-gain feedback control mode responds to blur; a second mode causes a drift to bias set level when visual stimuli are removed. We extend a model consistent with these results and use it to predict the results of a new experimental paradigm, 'pushdown' accommodation. Finally, we extend the model to a third mode of behaviour, schematic accommodation, which encompasses instrument myopia, proximal accommodation and voluntary accommodation.
Eosinophilia and pulmonary dysfunction during Cuprophan hemodialysis

Four types of adverse events resembling immunological reactions have been reported in patients undergoing chronic maintenance hemodialysis: anaphylaxis [1], hypereosinophilia [1–5], asthmatic attacks [4–6], and pulmonary leukostasis with compromised pulmonary function [7–10]. We evaluated three successive chronic dialysis patients who had developed acute hypersensitivity reactions manifested by increased airway obstruction in response to hemodialysis. Each patient also had a non-acute reaction to dialysis, hypereosinophilia, and one patient had urticaria. All dialyzers were ethylene oxide sterilized and none were reused. In these three patients the adverse reactions abated after changing from dialyzers containing Cuprophan (ENKA Ag, Wuppertal, Germany) to dialyzers not containing Cuprophan. In each patient a second exposure to Cuprophan caused recurrence of one or more of the adverse reactions. These case studies and our re-examination of previous observations [1–6] suggest that in some patients both acute and chronic adverse reactions may be related to the use of Cuprophan.
Conjugative metabolism of 1,2-dibromoethane in mitochondria: disruption of oxidative phosphorylation and alkylation of mitochondrial DNA.

Abstract 1,2-Dibromoethane (DBE) is an environmental contaminant that is metabolized by glutathione S-transferases to a haloethane–glutathione conjugate. Since haloethane–glutathione conjugates are known to alkylate nuclear DNA and cytoplasmic proteins, these effects were investigated in isolated rat liver mitochondria exposed to DBE by measuring guanine adducts and several aspects of oxidative phosphorylation including respiratory control ratios, respiratory enzyme activity, and ATP levels. Mitochondrial large-amplitude swelling and glutathione status were assessed to evaluate mitochondrial membrane integrity and function. When exposed to DBE, mitochondria became uncoupled rapidly, yet no large-amplitude swelling or extramitochondrial glutathione was observed. Mitochondrial GSH was depleted to 2–53% of controls after a 60-min exposure to micromolar quantities of DBE; however, no extramitochondrial GSH or GSSG was detected. The depletion of mitochondrial glutathione corresponded to an increase of an intramitochondrial GSH-conjugate which, based on HPLC elution profiles and retention times, appeared to be S,S′-(1,2-ethanediyl)bis(glutathione). Activities of the NADH oxidase and succinate oxidase respiratory enzyme systems were inhibited 10–74% at micromolar levels of DBE, with succinate oxidase inactivation occurring at lower doses. ATP concentrations in DBE-exposed mitochondria in the presence of succinate were 5–90% lower than in the controls. The DNA adduct S-[2-(N7-guanyl)ethyl]glutathione was detected by HPLC in mtDNA isolated from DBE-exposed mitochondria. The results suggest that respiratory enzyme inhibition, glutathione depletion, decreased ATP levels, and DNA alkylation in DBE-exposed mitochondria occur via the formation of an S-(2-bromoethyl)glutathione conjugate, the precursor of the episulfonium ion alkylating species of DBE.
Decentralized search and retrieval for mobile networks using SMS

This paper describes the iTrust over SMS decentralized search and retrieval system for mobile networks. Any mobile device in the iTrust network can communicate with any other mobile device in the iTrust network to distribute, search for, and retrieve information. Third-party developers can use the iTrust over SMS API on the Android platform to add this search and retrieval functionality to existing applications quickly and easily. Developers of applications for other mobile device platforms can use the iTrust over SMS protocol to create compatible applications that can communicate using iTrust over SMS. In addition to the iTrust over SMS components and protocol, this paper presents a performance evaluation of the iTrust over SMS system, which shows that the probability of information retrieval is high, even if some of the mobile devices are not available. It also shows that the average search latency is consistently less if all of the participating nodes use the same mobile service provider, and is consistently more if the nodes use different mobile service providers.
Evaluation of scallop viscera silage as a high- protein feedstuff for growing-finishing swine*

Abstract The nutritional value of scallop viscera silage was assessed when it formed a high proportion of the diet for growing—finishing swine. A secondary objective was to determine the possible carryover of cadmium contained naturally in the viscera into various tissues of these swine. Scallop viscera is a byproduct of Calico scallop (Aequipecten gibbus) shellfish processing and contains 70–85% moisture and, on a dry matter (DM) basis, 70–85% crude protein. The scallop viscera silage was prepared by mixing minced, fresh viscera with formic acid (3.5% w/w) and placing the mixture in airtight containers. The viscera silage averaged 19% DM and contained, on a DM basis, 85% crude protein, 2.5% crude fat, 6.7% ash, 1.8% Ca, 0.7% P, 5.8% lysine and 7.5 mg kg−1 Cd. Twenty pigs (27 kg mean live weight) were divided between two treatments, 0 or 24% dietary levels of silage, with two pigs per pen. The pigs were fed on grower diets (0.75% lysine, 89% DM basis) to 52 kg and then on finisher diets (0.61% lysine). The viscera silage supplied 33 and 41% of the lysine in the grower and finisher diets, respectively. The viscera silage had no detrimental effect (P > 0.10) on average daily gain, feed intake or feed-to-gain ratio. Apparent digestibility of DM, N and energy of the grower or finisher diets was also not affected. Cadmium accumulation was noted in kidney (1–4 mg kg−1) and liver tissues from pigs given viscera silage. Very little accumulation was noted in muscle (masseter) tissue examined. In addition, no differences in resulting carcass composition or meat quality characteristics were noted as a result of treatment. The ensiling of scallop viscera with formic acid and its subsequent utilization as a protein feed supplement for swine diets may offer a practical means of utilization of this waste material.
Relating models of polymorphism

A new general notion of model for the polymorphic lambda calculus based on the simple idea of a universe, is proposed. Although impossible in nonconstructive set theory, the notion is unproblematic for constructive sets, yields completeness and initiality theorems, and can be used to unify and relate many different notions of model that have been proposed in the literature, including those that extend the basic calculus with additional features such as fixpoints or a type of all types. Moreover, the polymorphic lambda calculus and Martin-Lof type theory are related by a map of logics. A categorical and initial model semantics is given for the basic calculus and for richer calculi that extend the basic one with fixpoints or with a type of all types.
Effectiveness of propranolol in the treatment of infantile hemangioma beyond the proliferation phase.

During the last 5 years, many studies have shown the efficacy of propranolol as first-line treatment for infantile hemangiomas (IHs), but not much has been written about the role of propranolol beyond the proliferation phase of IH (>1 year). Our aim was to assess propranolol efficacy and safety in the treatment of patients older than 1 year. A retrospective study of patients older than 1 year diagnosed with IH and treated in our vascular anomalies clinic between 2009 and 2013 was performed. Eighteen patients older than 1 year with a diagnosis of IH (15 girls, 3 boys) were identified. The mean age at the time of initiation of treatment was 25.7 months (range 13–72 mos). Single lesions were observed in 13 patients and multiple lesions in 5. Fifteen patients had focal lesions and three had segmental. The median duration of treatment with oral propranolol was 11.8 months (range 2–33 mos). Complete response was observed in 72.2% of the patients and partial response in 27.8%. Recurrence was observed in three patients 4.7 months after completion of therapy (range 0.3–8 mos). These patients required further therapy with propranolol for 6 more months. Bradycardia was documented in two patients and night terrors in one patient, which led to discontinuation of treatment. In our experience, propranolol may be useful in the treatment of IHs beyond the proliferation phase (>1 year old), but more studies are needed to support this observation.
Energy Friendly Integrity for Network Coding in Wireless Sensor Networks

The recent advances in information theory and networking have significantly modified the way to disseminate data in wireless sensor networks (WSNs): aggregation, network coding or rateless codes. These new paradigms of dissemination create new threats for security such as pollution attacks. These attacks exploit the difficulty to protect data integrity in those contexts. In this paper, we consider the particular case of xor network coding. We compare the different strategies based on message authentication codes algorithms (MACs) to thwart these attacks. We emphasize the advantages of universal hash functions (UHFs) in terms of flexibility and efficiency. These schemes reduce the energy consumption by 42\% and 68\% (according to the used protocol) for the relaying nodes over those based on classical cryptographic primitives without any loss in security. The key feature of the UHFs considered here is their homomorphic property ($h(x_1 \oplus x_2)=h(x_1)\oplus h(x_2)$). These homomorphic MACs offer more possibilities for the relying nodes than the classical cryptographic ones: the detection time of a pollution attack can be adjusted to preserve the nodes energy. Moreover, they can be computed with the low resources of a sensor.
Moduli of smoothness and best approximation of functions with singularities

Error estimates for approximation of functions ϕλ,α,0(x) = ϕλ,α,1(x) + iϕλ,α,2(x) = |x|λ exp(iA|x|−a), λ > 0, α > 0, A ϵ R are given. Let E(f, B, Lp(Ω)) denote the error of approximation of f by elements from B in the Lp-metric. Then, it is shown that for polynomial approximation E(ϕλ,α,i, Pn, Lp (−a, a)) ∼ n−(λ+1p)(1+α) holds true for 1 ≤ p ≤ ∞, 0 ≤ i ≤ 2. The similar estimates are also valid for the errors of approximation by entire functions of exponential type, trigonometric polynomials, and periodic splines. The proofs are based on exact estimates of the moduli of smoothness of ϕλ,α,i and a general Stechkin-type theorem.
Investigating regime-dependent rainfall variations using TRMM active and passive microwave sensors

Recent attempts to determine the response of the tropical hydrological cycle to climate forcing have been hampered by large discrepancies in the variability of available long-term satellite rainfall datasets over seasonal to interannual time scales. From investigations of regional and time-dependent changes in the structure of precipitation systems it is apparent that variations in precipitation systems due to differences in the meteorological regimes produce biases in satellite retrievals. This can have severe consequences for studies of climate variability since changes in these "climate regime" biases over seasonal or interannual time scales can produce large errors in the observed variability. Using data from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) we have attempted to identify and understand how changes in the structure of precipitation systems result in biases in various single sensor satellite retrievals. Evidence of differences in the relative content of ice versus liquid water, systematic changes in the height of the liquid water column, and changes in the relationship of low-level liquid water content to surface rainfall have been found, which can impact passive microwave rainfall retrievals. In addition, evidence of significant changes in the mean drop diameter between these regions may lead to significant biases in retrievals from the precipitation radar. Although TRMM has produced improvements in estimates of zonal mean rainfall, we must address this issue of time-dependent systematic biases associated with climate regimes if we wish to develop more accurate retrievals for either regional applications or global mean estimates suitable for studies of climate variability.
Zircon Ages of Felsic Volcanic Rocks in the Upper Precambrian of the Blue Ridge, Appalachian Mountains

Five Zirconi samples from Pennsylvania, Virginia, and North Carolina yield discordant uranium-lead ages which suggest an original age of 820 million years and an episodic lead loss at 240 million years. The indicated age of lead loss is interpreted as the age of movement of the Blue Ridge thrust sheet.