cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Long-lasting effects of anti-VEGF/photodynamic combination therapy in the treatment of exudative age-related macular degeneration: a retrospective chart review

Purpose To examine the potential long-term benefit of an anti-VEGF/photodynamic therapy (PDT) combination on patients treated for wet age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Methods A retrospective chart review was conducted on 29 eyes (subjects) from 26 patients (eight male and 18 female) that showed sustained, positive response to combination therapy for exudative AMD for a minimum of 1 year. Collected data included: visual acuity, central retinal thickness, intraocular pressure and history of glaucoma, wet AMD onset and treatment history, concomitant use of anticoagulants and past history or development of cerebrovascular or cardiovascular disease while receiving combination therapy. Results Subjects underwent an average of five injections and two PDT treatments in total over 16 months before the choroidal neovascular membrane (CNVM) stabilized and became inactive for at least 1 year. Prior to the effective anti-VEGF/PDT combination therapy the median Snellen visual acuity ranged from 20/200 to 20/250 and presented at no worse than 20/200 at 1 year after treatment. Some subjects were followed for up to 5 years and remained inactive. Conclusion Combination therapy can cause long-lasting closure of the CNVM, even with advanced disease resistant to anti-VEGF monotherapy.
QCD correction to charged-Higgs-boson decay of the top quark.

The $O({\ensuremath{\alpha}}_{s})$ QCD correction to the tree-level process $t\ensuremath{\rightarrow}{H}^{+}b$ is calculated. For small $\frac{{M}_{{H}^{+}}}{{m}_{t}}$, the correction implies a 6% reduction in the partial width relative to the tree-level result.
Beyond alef, be, pe: the socialisation of incipient ideology through literacy practices in an Iranian first-grade classroom

This article examines the interrelationship between literacy and the socialisation of incipient ideology. We focus on one first-grade classroom in Tehran, Iran, as students and teacher engage in a complex literacy event centering on a lesson from the national reader, bekhaanim (Let's Read). In the course of this textually driven meaning-making activity, we observe how participants explore and respond to elements of school-based language use as it unfolds explicitly and implicitly. The three-part structure of the IRF (teacher initiation–student response–teacher feedback) serves as the primary vehicle through which explicit teaching of content and behavior occurs. However, it is also this structure that serves as the primary vehicle for implicitly constituted school-situated dynamics where first-grade Iranian boys are socialised into values of their society – values of respect and reverence for authority, friendship, brotherhood, and solidarity – while experiencing their first exposure to the literacy pract...
The hispanic world in the information age

Despite their persistent economic ills, the Spanish-speaking areas of the world have managed to successfully cross the threshold into the Information Age. As programs and technology such as those described in this article continue to proliferate, perhaps Spanish-speaking countries will eventually surpass those countries that today are better equipped and trained in computer technology. It is not unfeasible to predict that, should the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) finally establish an open market with Mexico, and eventually with other countries of Latin America, the Hispanic world would quickly emerge as one of the prime leaders of the Information Age.
On localized orbitals in infinite, periodic systems

Abstract It is shown that in two- or three-dimensional periodic systems with an odd number of electrons per unit cell no unitary transformation of the canonical Hartree - Fock orbitals can produce equivalent, localized orbitals for all electrons. However, in one-dimensional systems such orbitals can be found. The physical implications are discussed.
Optimization of Tropical Juice Composition for the Spanish Market

: The optimal proportions of 3 concentrate juices, passion fruit, pineapple, and banana, mixed with white grape juice were investigated by preferences mapping techniques. The objective was to establish the minimum level of each concentrated tropical juice necessary to add to a white grape juice so that it would be perceived as a mixture by consumers. A nonverbal test, analyzed by proxscal, demonstrated that decreasing an amount of concentrate juice from 4% to 1% would have no statistically significant effect on flavor recognition by consumers. Internal preference map for flavor and color acceptability revealed that a commercial mix of pineapple with white grape juice mix (used as control) was the most accepted juice, closely followed by an experimental mix of passion fruit with white grape juice. Principal component analysis revealed the importance of overall taste, overall odor, acid fruit aroma, acid taste, and pulp in the acceptability of these 3 juices.
MIGHT KANTIAN CONTRACTUALISM BE THE SUPREME PRINCIPLE OF MORALITY

According to Parfit, the best version of Kantian ethics takes as its central principle Kantian Contractualism: the thesis that everyone ought to follow the principles whose universal acceptance everyone could rationally will. This paper examines that thesis, identifies a class of annoying counterexamples, and suggests that when Kantian Contractualism is modified in response to these examples, the resulting principle is too complex and ad hoc to serve as the ‘supreme principle of morality’.
Cytomegalovirus Infection in Guinea Pigs. III. Persistent Viruria, Blood Transmission, and Viral Interference

Chronic persistent infection with cytomegalovirus (CMV) was studied in random-bred Hartley and inbred strain 2 guinea pigs. Infectious virus was isolated from the urine, kidney, spleen, pancreas, salivary gland, and cervix, but not from buffy coat of persistently infected guinea pigs. Strain 2 animals developed a high rate of chronic viruria, which was not related to isolation of CMV from renal tissue. In female strain 2 guinea pigs viruria was more than twice as prevalent as in males (56% vs. 24o70. Transfusion of buffy coat from persistently infected strain 2 animals resulted in CMV infection in both isogenic and allogenic blood recipients, but buffy coat from uninfected donors did not activate CMV in persistently infected isogenic and allogenic blood recipients. Experimental CMV infection of young strain 2 guinea pigs interfered with the expression of guinea pig herpes-like virus, a common endogenous virus in strain 2 animals. The cytomegaloviruses (CMV) of humans and animals are relatively species-specific; consequently,
Modeling biocultural interactions: Examples from studies of stress and cardiovascular disease

Anthropology, as a unified science of human existence, seeks to understand a variety of influences and outcomes in the process of human adaptation. In that there is a complex interaction between human behavior and human biology in this process, the integration of theory and method to incorporate social, cultural, and biological variables in research design is of paramount importance. This integration has been, at best, imperfect. The aim of this paper is to review specific examples of research in one substantive area–cardiovascular health–as a way of examining some of the general theoretical and methodological issues involved. Seven general principles regarding the integration of social, cultural, and biological variables in research design are discussed. These include: (1) the ethnographic critique of theory; (2) connecting theory and ethnography through measurement; (3) the specification of data-analytic models; (4) the use of multivariable models; (5) improving sampling and replication; (6) the use of analytic diagnostics; and, (7) employing multilevel analyses. It is argued that, by paying closer attention to these issues of theory and method, the construction of biocultural models in anthropological research can be improved. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Efficacy of a Sliding Beam as a Nonlinear Vibration Isolator

The influence of friction due to beam sliding at its supports on its dynamic behavior and its efficacy as a nonlinear isolator is studied numerically under sinusoidal and random excitation excitations. Under sinusoidal excitation, the equation of motion of the system is solved numerically and the solution is utilized to estimate the system transmissibility. It is found that when the excitation frequency is increased beyond resonance, the friction at the sliding supports serves to improve the transmissibility. The dependence of the response on initial conditions establishes the basins of attraction for different values of friction coefficient and excitation frequency and amplitude. Under random excitation, the system response statistics are estimated from Monte Carlo simulation results for different values of friction coefficient and excitation power spectral density level. The friction is found to result in a significant reduction of the system response mean square.Copyright © 2007 by ASME
Chronic exposure to a β2-adrenoceptor agonist increases the airway response to methacholine

Scheduled chronic administration of beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist bronchodilators in patients with asthma recently has been reported to be associated with a worsening of symptoms and an increase in bronchial responsiveness. We wanted to determine whether a 28-day in vivo exposure to albuterol (beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist) altered the response of rabbit airways to the cholinergic agonist methacholine. We found, using in vitro tissue bath techniques, that in mainstem bronchi from rabbits given a 28-day exposure to albuterol, maximum contraction to methacholine was increased in the albuterol-treated group (control group = 1.10 +/- 0.11 g vs. treated group = 1.50 +/- 0.13 g, P < 0.05). The potency (EC75) was also increased in the albuterol-treated group. The potency for the control group was 5.6 microM (95% confidence limit: 2.3-13 microM) and was 1.7 microM (95% confidence limit: 1.1-2.8 microM, P < 0.05) for the albuterol-treated group. In a subgroup of animals, maximum contraction to KCl, a receptor-independent contractile stimulus, was not significantly different between the groups (control group = 0.79 +/- 0.23 g vs. treated group = 0.82 +/- 0.20 g). The potency (EC50) for KCl-induced contractions was also not significantly different between the groups: control = 12 mM (95% confidence limit: 3.3-44 mM) vs. treated 19 mM (95% confidence limit: 18-20 mM). These data demonstrate that chronic in vivo exposure to a beta 2-adrenoceptor agonist can alter the in vitro tissue bath response of airway smooth muscle to methacholine.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Coherent control of interband transitions in semiconductor heterostructures

Schemes for coherent control of carrier dynamics in semiconductors are investigated theoretically. We consider coherent control of carrier generation and charge oscillations by quantum interference of one- and three-photon absorption, as well as one- and two-photon absorption. It is shown that, for coherent light pulses shorter than characteristic phase breaking times, the relative phase between the two excitation routes can be used to control the extent of charge oscillations in semiconductor double wells. Furthermore, we show that optical gain and absorption can be controlled coherently by two coherent light fields. In particular, optical gain can be shifted from one intersubband transition to another.
Asking the Right Questions: An E-Resource Checklist for Documenting Cataloging Decisions for Batch Cataloging Projects

During the past several years at Kent State University Libraries, there has been a shift in responsibility for handling and processing batch cataloging projects from the systems department to the technical services department. This shift was driven by the increasing number of e-resource packages being acquired by the library, many with available MARC records. Cataloging staff began to take on primary responsibility for managing these batch cataloging projects. In order to develop effective workflows and maintain adequate documentation, Kent State developed an e-Book checklist tool. The checklist serves as a best-practices guide. It records information on both the routine and unique aspects of each individual batch cataloging project. Data obtained from the use of the checklist not only helps organize departmental workflow, it also provides information on issues such as training, MARC record quality, and vendor customer service. By asking the “right questions,” the checklist has proven to be an effective m...
Inhibition of human leukemia cell proliferation by dimethyl sulfoxide

Abstract The treatment with 1% and 2% DMSO produced reversible structural and functional changes in the K-562 human myelogenous cell line. These changes include: (a) inhibition of cell proliferation with decreased RNA and DNA syntheses; (b) morphological features that are compatible with less primitive leukemia cells; (c) diminished plating efficiency in agar; and (d) loss of their malignancy as determined by the capacity of K-562 cells to develop myelosarcomas in lasat mice. The cytochemical pattern and antigenic markers of the leukemic cells were not modified by treatment with DMSO. These results suggest that the effect of DMSO on K-562 cells is consistent with cytotoxicity rather than a stimulation of cell differentiation.
Decomposition of dibutyryl cyclic AMP in aqueous buffers

Abstract Commercially available 14C-, 3H-, and unlabeled N6-2′-O-dibutyryl-adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (DBcAMP) have been purified by paper chromatography and their stability evaluated in water, Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer, Krebs-Ringer phosphate buffer, and phosphate-buffered saline by ultraviolet absorption spectroscopy and chromatography. DBcAMP decomposes to the N6-monobutyryl derivative (MBcAMP), cyclic AMP (cAMP), and butyrate, in several buffers, most rapidly in Krebs-Ringer bicarbonate buffer. Upon storage in solution DBcAMP decomposes to MBcAMP, cAMP, and butyrate. Thus, while DBcAMP may be activated in vivo by a 2′-O-deacylation to MBcAMP, a similar activation process occurs in mildly alkaline buffers.
Virtual carbonate thin section using PDF: New method for interactive visualization and archiving

As personal computers increase in processing power and storage capacity, it has become feasible to digitize an entire carbonate thin section area, and to digitally manipulate and archive such digital image files for research collaborations and teaching purposes. This paper describes procedures for creating and authoring virtual carbonate thin sections in PDF format with a 35-mm film scanner, bitmap image editing software, and a Windows or Macintosh, personal computer running Adobe Acrobat. A petrographic thin section is scanned at a maximum optical resolution of the 35-mm film scanner and the scanned image is used as a base layer of the PDF file. A digital microscope camera is used to capture high magnification photomicrographs that can be linked to the base layer to highlight specific features of the thin section. Collapsible text boxes are used for text annotation and various graphical annotation marks are used to indicate ‘hot areas’ that are linked to other photomicrographs for interactive viewing of the image. This method is highly flexible and platform independent, and can be beneficially used in various ways such as a note taking tool for routine petrographic work, creation of virtual samples for classroom use where the students have limited access time to the reference sample, long-distance research collaborations between scientists, and ultimately, creation of teaching-and research-grade visual carbonate petrography databases.
Chemical feeding stimulants for the herbivorous fish, Tilapia zillii

Abstract 1. 1. Chemical feeding stimulants for an herbivorous fish, Tilapia zillii have been determined by fractionation and bioassay of substances derived from a model food plant. 2. 2. Stimulation was produced by amino acids; glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, lysine and alanine produced the bulk of stimulatory activity. 3. 3. These amino acids are among the most abundant in the test plant, and are markedly different from the amino acids found to stimulate feeding in carnivorous fish. 4. 4. On the basis of these results, a chemically-mediated mechanism of feeding niche separation is postulated.
Rabbit Endometrial RNA- and DNA-Dependent DNA Polymerase Activity

Changes in rabbit endometrial RNA- and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity have been studied during the first 9 days of pregnancy. Both enzyme activities are low at estrus and 1 day postcoitum, but measurable increases in activity occur by 48 h after coitus. The RNA-dependent DNA polymerase (RDDP) activity reaches a maximum on Days 3-4 postcoitum, a level it maintains except for slight drops on Days 5 and 8-9. The DNA-dependent DNA polymerase (DDDP) activity initiates a rise on Day 1 postcoitum, to reach a peak on Day 6 and remains at this level through Day 8, but drops significantly on Day 9. When polymerase levels are obtained for pseudopregnant animals, the RDDP activity parallels that of pregnant animals up to Day 5 and the DDDP activity attains levels comparable to Day 6 pregnancy levels. In pseudopregnancy, RDDP activity drops precipitously on Day 6 resuming its usual high level again on Day 8, while DDDP activity remains high through Day 6, dropping on Day 8 of pregnancy. Low levels of both RNA-dependent and DNA-dependent DNA polymerase activity can be induced by either estrogen or progesterone administration to ovariectomized does. However, the high levels of enzyme activity normally found in Days 3-4 of pregnancy can only be induced through the synergistic effects of estrogen and progesterone.
Dynamic modeling of an induction motor connected to an adjustable speed drive

A method that treats electromagnetics, circuits, and mechanical dynamics as a coupled set of equations is described. The finite-element method is used along with a numerical integration method for time stepping, and the Newton-Raphson scheme is used to model saturation. Moving parts are described in terms of a moving, deformable finite-element mesh. A 9000 HP squirrel cage induction motor is used as an example of the application of the method. >
Knowing What to Do: Coping with Sexual Violence by Male Intimates

The purpose of the Heideggerian hermeneutical project, from which this article stems, was to describe women’s experience of sexual violence by male intimates. Ten women who had encountered sexual violence by a male they knew well were interviewed about the effects of that experience on their everyday lives. The women described “knowing what to do” to manage their lives by using practical, everyday activities to cope with the violence. Their narratives were interpreted according to the Heideggerian concept of understanding as know-how. For Heidegger, understanding is not a cognitive process; rather, it is an implicit “knowing how” to do what is appropriate in each situation. Professionals who work with women who have experienced intimate sexual violence should seek to understand the women’s intuitive understanding of what is possible and to appreciate the commonsense ways they cope with life in a violent world.
Insulin hypoglycemia and growth hormone secretion in sheep: a paradox revisited

Although insulin-induced hypoglycemia is a potent stimulus for growth hormone (GH) secretion in humans, hypoglycemia was reported to suppress GH in sheep. We investigated whether GH suppression in sheep during insulin hypoglycemia resulted from the dose of insulin administered or the fed state of the animal. Saline or insulin (0.05, 0.2, 1.0, or 5.0 U/kg) intravenous boluses were administered to eight fasted ewes in a crossover experiment. In another experiment, four sheep were fed 2 h before intravenous administrations of either 0.2 or 5 U/kg of insulin. All doses of insulin resulted in comparable hypoglycemia, although the duration of hypoglycemia increased directly with insulin dose. Hypoglycemia in fasted animals stimulated GH secretion. The GH rise above baseline was inversely related to the insulin dose, and the insulin doses of 1 and 5 U/kg resulted in late suppression of GH below baseline concentrations. Insulin administration to fed animals caused an identical degree of hypoglycemia but no increase in GH. Insulin-hypoglycemia stimulates GH secretion in sheep in a manner similar to humans, and the response is dependent on both fed state and insulin dose.
A Comparison of Missing-Data Procedures for Arima Time-Series Analysis:

Missing data are a common practical problem for longitudinal designs. Time-series analysis is a longitudinal method that involves a large number of observations on a single unit. Four different missing-data methods (deletion, mean substitution, mean of adjacent observations, and maximum likelihood estimation) were evaluated. Computer-generated time-series data of length 100 were generated for 50 different conditions representing five levels of autocorrelation, two levels of slope, and five levels of proportion of missing data. Methods were compared with respect to the accuracy of estimation for four parameters (level, error variance, degree of autocorrelation, and slope). The choice of method had a major impact on the analysis. The maximum likelihood very accurately estimated all four parameters under all conditions tested. The mean of the series was the least accurate approach. Statistical methods such as the maximum likelihood procedure represent a superior approach to missing data.
Neuroendocrine Pharmacology of Serotonergic (5-HT) Neurons

Serotonergic neurons are believed to play a role in depression, anxiety, and aggression (for review see l ). There is evidence that serotonergic neurons send collaterals to limbic and neuroendocrine control areas in the brain (2-3). Consequently, hormones that are released by serotonergic neurons might serve as diagnostic tools to evaluate the serotonergic involvement in emotion­ al disorders. This review is a survey of the evidence for serotonergic regula­ tion of ACTH, {3-endorphin, prolactin, renin, oxytocin, vasopressin, growth hormone (GH), and luteinizing hormone (LH) secretion. The anatomy of the serotonergic pathways is discussed briefly , followed by a concise overview of the pharmacology of serotonergic neurotransmission. The evidence for a role of serotonergic neurons in the regulation of each individual hormone is divided into three sections: (a) the anatomical organization; (b) the physiolog­ ical function; and (c) the 5-HT receptor subtypes involved in the regulation of each hormone.
Disability, compassion and the skeletal record: using musculoskeletal stress markers (MSM) to construct an osteobiography from early New Mexico

Activity patterns seen in the skeletal remains of an adult male (burial 391) from Gran Quivira Pueblo, New Mexico, suggest his complete dependence upon others during the progression of a debilitating disease that began in childhood and lasted until his death in middle adulthood. The combination of clinical disease progression data and joint mobility estimates provide a pattern to help interpret the potential range of his movements. The pattern can then be examined in relation to results obtained from musculoskeletal stress marker (MSM) data. The MSM data for Gran Quivira 391 contrasts sharply with the activity patterns commonly seen in MSM scores for other adult males also dating to the Late Period occupation (AD 1550–1672) at the site. All three of the above methods not only enable assessment of the extent of his impairment throughout life, but may also provide information concerning the degree of disability within the community. Although compassion cannot always be determined from the skeletal record alone, the severity of his condition suggests that he was wholly dependent on at least one other member of the group over a long period of time. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Nonlinear Resonances in the Attitude Motion of Dual-Spin Spacecraft

The attitude motion of a class of dual-spin spacecraft which exhibit nonlinear resonances during the despin process is studied. The model adopted consists of a rigid slightly asymmetric rotor and a rigid symmetric platform that is dynamically unbalanced with respect to the rotor's axis of maximum moment of inertia. No external torques are considered. Attitude equations are derived in an unconventional form that allows easy incorporation of the integral of angular momentum. The presence of a nonlinear resonance is shown to depend on the coexistence of rotor asymmetry and platform dynamic unbalance. An approximate solution for the attitude motion near resonance is obtained for the case of zero despin-motor torque by using the generalized method of averaging. The salient characteristics of the near-resonant motion are obtained from integrals of the averaged equations.
A prospective masked observational study of uterine contraction frequency in twins.

Objective This study was undertaken to compare uterine contraction frequency in twins versus singletons and to determine if contraction frequency can be an efficient predictor of spontaneous preterm birth in twin gestations. Study design Fifty-nine twin and 306 singleton gestations were enrolled between 22 and 24 weeks at 11 centers. Contraction frequency was recorded with a home uterine activity monitor (HUAM) 2 or more times per day on 2 or more days per week until delivery or 36-6/7 weeks. Masked HUAM data were interpreted according to standard protocol. Repeated measures analyses were used to determine whether mean or maximum uterine contraction frequency per hour differed between singleton and twin gestations across gestational age, by time of day, and by delivery before 35 weeks or beyond. Uterine contraction frequency was also evaluated by logistic regression and receiver operator characteristic (ROC) curves as tests to predict spontaneous preterm birth. Results There were 34,908 hours of HUAM data recorded by the 306 singleton gestations and 5,427 hours by the 59 women with twins. Uterine contraction frequency was significantly greater in twins ( P = .002) compared with singletons, regardless of gestational age. Contraction frequency in twins increased significantly with gestational age and time of day (1600-0359 hours); but was not associated with spontaneous preterm birth. Maximum uterine contraction frequency was associated with preterm birth less than 35 weeks but only in the morning (am) recording (0400-1559) and at the 29- to 30-week gestational age interval. This relationship was modest (odds ratio 1-2) and not consistent across gestational age or between the am and afternoon/evening (pm) monitoring sessions. ROC analysis revealed no contraction frequency that efficiently identified twins who delivered prematurely at any 2-week gestational age interval. Conclusion Mean uterine contraction frequency was significantly higher for twin gestations than singletons throughout the latter half of pregnancy and between 1600 and 0359 hours but was not higher among twins who delivered less than 35 weeks' gestation. Neither maximum am or pm contraction frequency predicted spontaneous preterm birth less than 35 weeks' gestation in twin pregnancies.
A decision support model for project manager assignments 2.0

Assigning the right project manager to the right project is one of the critical success factors of an organization's mission. The objective of a project in an organization is always to maximize the gain or profit of the organization. This gain can be maximized through cautious resource allocation of an organization to its different projects. Dr. Patanakul, Dr. Anderson and Dr. Milosevic developed an optimization model that can be applied in an organization for this cautious resource allocation. The aim of this model is to align the project assignments made with the strategic goals of the organization by matching the competencies of projects managers to different project requirements. However, the limitation of this model is that Project managers' workload is not balanced along the project life cycle. The objective of this paper is to overcome this limitation by extending the model and adding the element of time dimension to it. This extended model would assist top management in balancing and forecasting the workload of each project manager in a given time period.
Environment and Climate of Early Human Evolution

Evaluating the relationships between climate, the environment, and human traits is a key part of human origins research because changes in Earth's atmosphere, oceans, landscapes, and ecosystems over the past 10 Myr shaped the selection pressures experienced by early humans. In Africa, these relationships have been influenced by a combination of high-latitude ice distributions, sea surface temperatures, and low-latitude orbital forcing that resulted in large oscillations in vegetation and moisture availability that were modulated by local basin dynamics. The importance of both climate and tectonics in shaping African landscapes means that integrated views of the ecological, environmental, and tectonic histories of a region are necessary in order to understand the relationships between climate and human evolution.
Time-Multiplexed Photonically-Enabled Radio-Frequency Arbitrary Waveforms with 10-GHz Update Rate

For the first time to our knowledge, radio-frequency arbitrary waveforms are reported with 10 GHz waveform update rate by integrating wavelength switching, optical frequency comb generation and spectral line-by-line shaping.
Syndromic Surveillance from a Local Perspective - A Review of the Literature

This presentation is a literature review of the origins and evolution of the field of syndromic surveillance since the 1950s. The goals and objectives of public health disease surveillance and syndromic surveillance will be assessed from a local perspective.
Of Latin and its use in medical literature

Physicians in the United States, and even more so on the European continent, still use Latin in their everyday practice. Some diseases do not have lay names, and others were learned that way from the outset. With the dwindling of proper instruction during undergraduate and graduate studies, use of Latin has become an art of copying rather than knowledge of the language. Copying can lead to silly mistakes that, by being further copied, establish a new incorrect name that is taught to generations of upcoming physicians. I wish to draw your interest to the history and complexity (or simplicity) of the Latin language and encourage physicians to also be scholars and correctly use Latin words when they choose to employ them for medical text writing.
Specification of Uniform Color Tolerances for Textiles

Work on methods of specifying uniform color tolerances for various materials has been going on at the National Bureau of Standards for several years. This paper describes the progress of this work, particularly as it relates to textile materials which offer special complications of their own.A formula for the purpose of expressing the size of color differences is derived for observing conditions characteristic of the color inspection of textiles. This formula is based upon the standard observer recommended in 1931 by the International Commission on Illumination and upon a co-ordinate system (the uniform-chromaticity-scale system) intended to give , equal spacing for equally perceptible chromaticity differences. An instrument designed particularly for the measurement of small chromaticity differences is described, together with its calibration in terms of the uniform-chromaticity-scale system. The chromaticity differences between 15 representative pairs of dyed woolen textiles supplied by the duPont Techni...
Troponin T isoforms alter the tolerance of transgenic mouse cardiac muscle to acidosis

Troponin T (TnT) is an essential protein in the Ca2+ regulatory system of striated of muscle. Three fiber type-specific TnT genes have evolved in higher vertebrates to encode cardiac, slow and fast skeletal muscle TnT isoforms. To understand the functional significance of TnT isoforms, we studied the effects of acidosis on the contractility of transgenic mouse cardiac muscle that expresses fast skeletal muscle TnT. Contractility analysis of intact cardiac muscle strips showed that while no differences were detected at physiological pH, the transgenic cardiac muscle had significantly greater decreases in +dF/dtmax at acidic pH than that of the wild-type control. Contractility of skinned cardiac muscles demonstrated that the presence of fast TnT resulted in significantly larger decreases in force and Ca2+ sensitivity at acidic pH than that of the wild-type control. The effect of TnT isoforms on the tolerance of muscle to acidosis may explain the higher tolerance of embryonic versus adult cardiac muscles. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that charge differences in TnT isoforms contribute to the contractility of muscle. The data further support a hypothesis that slow TnT is similar to the cardiac, but not fast, and TnT may contribute to the higher tolerance of slow muscles to stress conditions. Therefore, TnT isoform diversity may contribute to the compatibility of muscle thin filaments to cellular environments in different fiber types, during development and functional adaptation.
Amygdala-lesion obesity: what is the role of the various amygdaloid nuclei?

Anatomic descriptions of amygdaloid lesions resulting in hyperphagia and obesity in rats, cats, and dogs have been inconsistent and often contradictory, frequently resulting in failures to replicate. The present study attempted to reconcile these differences by examining common areas of overlap among differently placed lesions in female rats. Small bilateral lesions of the most posterodorsal aspects of the amygdala resulted in substantial weight gains (mean = 45.4 g/10 days). The smallest lesions caused damage limited to the posterodorsal medial amygdaloid nucleus and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis and were directly in the area where axons are collecting to form the stria terminalis. Larger lesions that extensively damaged the central and/or anterodorsal medial amygdaloid nuclei sometimes resulted in excess weight gains, as did very large lesions of the basolateral nuclei, but substantial weight gains occurred only when the lesions extended (unilaterally or bilaterally) into the posterodorsal amygdala. Examination of previously published brain sections indicated that the hyperphagia and obesity that have been observed after widely differing lesion placements in cats and dogs were also the result of damage to a common area of overlap (i.e., the bed nucleus and/or stria terminalis). In rats, the critical area producing weight gain has extensive reciprocal relations with the medial hypothalamus.
Does Feeding on Infected Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Enhance the Role of Song Sparrows in the Transmission of Arboviruses in California?

Song sparrows, Melopiza melodia, inoculated subcutaneously with either western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family Togaviridae, genus Alphavirus, WEEV) or West Nile virus (family Flaviviridae, genus Flavivirus, WNV) developed elevated viremias, and they were considered to be competent experimental hosts for both viruses. However, birds that ingested from three to 20 mosquitoes containing comparable amounts of either WEEV or WNV failed to become infected, indicating limited oral susceptibility. Comparatively few field-collected birds had antibodies against either WEEV or WNV, indicating that this species was infrequently bitten by infectious mosquitoes in nature and probably was of limited importance in viral amplification.
Putting Residents First: Strategies Developed by CNAs to Prevent and Manage Resident-to-Resident Violence in Nursing Homes.

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY: Resident-to-resident violence (RRV) in nursing homes (NHs) is common and threatens the safety and quality of life of both residents and caregivers. The purpose of this portion of a larger qualitative study was to explore strategies developed by certified nurses' assistants (CNAs) to prevent and manage RRV in NHs. DESIGN AND METHODS: Semistructured interviews were used to collect data. Data were analyzed utilizing content analysis and constant comparison. RESULTS: Analysis revealed one overriding theme, "Putting Residents First" which the CNAs described as a conscious effort to put themselves or a beloved family member in the place of the resident while administering care. Within this theme, there were three related subthemes: (a) Knowing the Residents, (b) Keeping Residents Safe, and (c) Spending Quality Time. IMPLICATIONS: Together, these themes suggest that the formulation of strategies for decreasing and managing RRV was influenced significantly by the ability of the CNAs to empathize with the residents for whom they were caring. The results indicate that in the absence of evidence-based interventions, CNAs have developed their own strategies for the management and prevention of RRV. These strategies may provide a foundation for the development and testing of interventions aimed at preventing and managing RRV in NHs. Language: en
Purification and properties of aryl sulfatases from rabbit sperm acrosomes.

SummaryThe extraction of rabbit spermatozoa with the MgCl2 treatment, followed by chromatography of extracts on a DEAE-cellulose column, yield highly purified aryl sulfatases. The enzyme preparation showed one major band with the possibility of a minor contaminant by acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The single band had two activities, that of aryl sulfatases A and B. Aryl sulfatase C was not detectable. The purified aryl sulfatases had optima at pH's 4.8, 5.6, and 6.0. The enzymes exhibited no activity at 4° but exhibited. higher activity at 50° than at 37°. The pure aryl sulfatases had higher affinity for p-nitrocatechol sulfate than for p-nitrophenol sulfate. Phosphate and sulfite ions inhibited the enzymes, but NaCl, KCl, and sulfate did not. Rabbit, ram, bull, and boar sperm acrosomal extracts showed high aryl sulfatase activities.The authors thank Mrs. Diane Fitzgerald for her skillful technical assistance.
Surveillance on Disinfection Effect in Medical Institutions under the Jurisdiction of Liaocheng City,2009-2012

Objective To understand the disinfection quality in the hospital disinfection of Liaocheng city during 2009-2012,so as to provide the scientific basis for health management of the hospital disinfection. Methods The disinfection effect of 32medical institutions in Liaocheng city during 2009-2012was tested according to Hospital disinfection hygiene standards. Results A total of 1 343samples during 2009-2012,1 214were qualified samples,with a passing rate of 90.39%(P 0.01).The qualified rate of USES removing poison and oral appliance of hepatitis b surface antigen was 100.00%.The qualified rate of the air,the surface of monitoring objects,medical personnel hand,endoscopic cavity surface and entrance and exit to a flushing was 66.18%,88.14%,92.13%,and 89.74%respectively(P0.01).T he average eligible rate of samples from county-level,village-level and private medical institutions was 90.44%,89.76%,and 93.75%(P 0.05). Conclusion The overall qualified rate of disinfection effect is low and unstable in hospitals of Liaocheng city,and the qualified rate of the surface of monitoring objects,endoscopic cavity surface and flushing water and air is poor.
Preclinical hemodynamic assessment of a new trileaflet mechanical valve in the aortic position in a bovine model

Background and aim of the study The hemodynamic characteristics of a new trileaflet mechanical heart valve (TTV) (TriFlo Inc., Costa Mesa, CA, USA) in the aortic position were evaluated in a bovine model. The TTV was designed to combine the durability of mechanical heart valves with the central flow characteristics of a bioprosthesis. Methods Using nine calves, the native aortic valve was replaced with a 21-mm TTV (n = 6) or a St. Jude Medical (SJM) valve (n = 3). Hemodynamic values were assessed with echocardiography at implantation and with catheterization at explantation. All calves underwent a necropsy, followed by gross pathology and light microscopy studies. Results The mean implant duration was 159 +/- 55 days for the TTV and 102 +/- 67 days for the SJM valve. Immediately before euthanasia, the peak and mean pressure gradients were respectively 35 +/- 14 and 24 +/- 9 mmHg for the TTV, and 100 +/- 72 and 59 +/- 38 mmHg for the SJM valve (p = 0.03). Two of the SJM-valve animals were electively sacrificed after showing symptoms of aortic stenosis. At necropsy, all nine valves were free from thrombi, pannus, occlusive tissue, or mechanical impairment of leaflet motion. The prematurely sacrificed SJM-valve animals had concentric myocardial hypertrophy consistent with severe functional aortic stenosis. Conclusion The significantly higher gradients and left ventricular hypertrophy in the SJM-valve animals were related to a smaller effective orifice area, which precluded adaptation to increasing transvalvular volumes in the growing animal. This problem was not seen with the TTV, which performed hemodynamically as well as the SJM valve. The high transvalvular gradients seen with the SJM valve at study end may suggest that the hemodynamic characteristics of the TTV may be superior, though additional studies are needed to confirm this.
Evaluation of Interactive Computerized Training to Teach Paraprofessionals to Implement Errorless Discrete Trial Instruction

Efficient and effective training strategies for paraprofessionals in special education settings face many challenges. Interactive computerized training (ICT)—a self-paced program that incorporates audio narration, video models, interactive activities, and competency checks—is one potential solution. ICT has been successful in training college students and special education teachers to implement discrete trial instruction (DTI), but its effectiveness to train paraprofessionals is unknown. Using a multiple-baseline design, we evaluated the feasibility of ICT, to train six paraprofessionals to implement DTI with an errorless learning procedure. Following ICT, the fidelity of implementation of DTI increased for all participants when implemented with a student in their classroom; however, competency varied. We added additional training components that progressed from low to more intensive feedback delivered remotely in attempt to increase fidelity to 90% or higher implementation. We also evaluated generalization to novel instructional programs and maintenance of instruction in the absence of feedback.
Through-Process Modeling for Hot Processing of Advanced High Strength Steel Strips

Advanced high strength steels (AHSS) along with microalloyed (MA) and high strength low alloy (HSLA) steels find significant applications in oil and gas pipeline and automotive industries. This paper presents mathematical models for computing the high temperature microstructure evolution throughout the complex hot processing routes for these steels. Constitutive relations at high strain rates for industrially significant manufacturing processes and heat treatments are presented along with specific examples of AHSS made using those manufacturing routes. Complex interrelationships of recrystallization, precipitation, time and temperature are demonstrated in the context microstructure evolution and the properties of AHSS. Finally, a case study is presented related to the design and optimization of hot strip rolling of automotive AHSS.
Raman Spectroscopic Techniques in Interfacial Electrochemistry

Raman spectroscopy of molecular adsorbates at the electrode-electrolyte interface requires sensitive photon detectors or metal surfaces that exhibit surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). The following topics related to Raman spectroscopy and SERS are discussed: (1) The latest advances in Raman instrumentation with emphasis on the recently available two-dimensional detectors; (2) the electrochemical surface activation procedures necessary to achieve SERS on Ag and Au electrodes; (3) the possible role of the electrochemical oxidation-reduction cycle in producing and stabilizing metal adatoms and clusters as well as larger scale roughness; and (4) the connection between the fundamentals of the two accepted SERS models (electromagnetic and charge transfer) and the surface roughness.
Differences in clinician versus patient recording of comorbidities in PROMs: Small changes, big impact

A data request was made from the Health and Social Care Information Centre (HSCIC) regarding patients who had undergone a primary total knee replacement (TKR) at the Norfolk and Norwich Hospital in 2014. In total, 576 patients had received post-operative PROMs questionnaires in 2014. Complete information was available for 195 patients, which forms the basis of this analysis. The patient letters and the pre-operative assessment documentation on our electronic system (Bluespier) were then reviewed. The comorbidities that the clinician felt would apply to that patient were recorded from the list provided in the Oxford Knee Score (OKS) and were then compared with what the patients had recorded. In total, there were 189 additional comorbidities identified from our notes review. Of these, 95 would alter the predicted OKS score in 77 patients. There was a significant change in average predicted OKS score from 33.7 ± 3.9 to 32.3 ± 4.0 (p = 0.02) in the 77 patients who had additional OKS-altering comorbidities. When looking at the case-mix adjustment, the original mean adjustment was -0.83 (± 1.1). After adjusting for clinician-reported comorbidities, there was a significant change in the mean to -1.40 (± 1.4) (p < 0.0001). After the relevant recalculations were carried out, the adjusted average health gain went from 15.254 to 15.907. This is an improvement of 0.653. The small change of ensuring accurate comorbidity recording can have an impact on the adjusted average health gain for a hospital. This is important information: patients report comorbidities differently to clinicians, and often overrate their health. Despite the limitation of this comorbidity data, hospital performance data, which are publically available, are based on this case-mix and comorbidity adjustment. Care clearly needs to be taken in the interpretation of these case mix-adjusted scores. The PROMs (Patient-Reported Outcome Measures) programme, embedded within the NJR, …
The Role of Diet in the Prevention and Treatment of Cardiovascular Disease

This chapter focuses on nutritional strategies for optimizing lipids and lipoproteins as a means of reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The effects of diet on other established and emerging risk factors are also addressed briefly. When whole-food, evidence-based approaches are utilized, risk factor reduction includes both the well-characterized CVD risk factors and emerging and yet to be discovered risk pathways.
TO BRANCH OR NOT TO BRANCH: UNDERSPECIFICATION IN ASL HANDSHAPE CONTOURS

Publisher Summary This chapter explains the phonemic status of handshape change in ASL, the signed language of the American Deaf. Hand-shape sequences in ASL signs may arise from a variety of sources. The chapter discusses differences in the inventories and composition of handshape sequences found in various sign classes. It presents evidence highlighting that handshape sequences in monosyllabic signs differ from handshape clusters observed in loan signs and compounds. Monosyllabic handshape sequences function like spoken language contour segments, with respect to both timing and distribution. The chapter presents a comparison of two representations of the contour handshapes, namely, a branching contour representation and a contour feature representation.