cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Understanding signal transduction during bacterial infection

Abstract Many known or suspected bacterial virulence factors require environmentally responsive control factors for expression. In Bordetella species, the BvgAS system represses and activates sets of genes, and mediates a biphasic phenotypic transition. Studies using mutants with altered signaling pathways and reversed regulatory connections have provided insights into the role of BvgAS and this phenotypic transition during the Bordetella -bost interaction
1,4,7,10-Tetraoxacyclododecane. An aprotic solvent for the alkali metals

Sodium was found to dissolve in 1,4,7,10-tetraoxacyclododecane forming stable and highly concentrated blue metal anion solutions in the presence of added lithium chloride, while potassium, rubidium, and caesium form metastable blue solutions.
Religious coping and the use of prayer in children with sickle cell disease.

Background While adolescents and adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) have reported using religion to cope with SCD, there is no data examining religious coping in young children with SCD. The purpose of this qualitative study was to: (1) describe the types of religious coping used by children with SCD; (2) describe the content and frequency of prayer used in relation to SCD; and (3) examine how children viewed God/Higher Power in relation to their SCD. Procedure Children with SCD participated in a semi-structured interview and an art drawing exercise focused on the use of general coping and religious coping. Interviews were coded, organized, and analyzed using a template organizational style of interpretation and NVivo 8.0 qualitative software. Results Of the 19 participants, the average age was 8.05 years (SD ±1.81); 11 were female (58%); all (100%) were African-American and 9 (47%) were Protestant. Children used religion to gain control, make meaning, and find comfort. Most children reported praying to get well, to keep from getting sick, and to get out of the hospital. Children described a functional God who made them take their medicine or took them to the hospital and an emotional God who made them happy and comforted them when they were sad or scared. Conclusions These children with SCD reported using religion to help cope with the illness. Providers should be aware of the importance of religion to many of these children and integrate religion, as appropriate, into discussions about coping with SCD. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2012; 58: 244–249. © 2011 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
AB INITIO STUDY OF WATER ADSORPTION ON TIO2(110) : MOLECULAR ADSORPTION VERSUS DISSOCIATIVE CHEMISORPTION

Abstract Ab initio embedded cluster calculations of water interaction with the TiO 2 (110) surface predict that molecular adsorption is more favorable than dissociative chemisorption. Unlike all previous calculations, this result is in agreement with recent temperature-programmed desorption and modulated beams experiments. Calculated surface relaxation, water adsorption energy and the densities of electronic states are also in good agreement with available experimental data. This agreement suggests that the embedded cluster model developed in this work is an accurate predictive tool that can be useful for theoretical studies of photocatalytic reactions on titanium dioxide surfaces.
Inside the Prison Black Box: Toward a Life Course Importation Model of Inmate Behavior

The importation model is a venerable theoretical explanation for inmate misconduct but it has not been extended in nearly 50 years. The current study advances a life course importation model of inmate behavior where life events in childhood cascade to predict antisocial behavior during adolescence and misconduct occurring during periods of confinement. Based on data from 2,520 institutionalized male delinquents, ordinary least squares, logistic, and negative binomial regression models indicated that family background variables were largely predictive of multiple facets of delinquent careers. Negative binomial regression models of institutional misconduct indicated that proximal delinquent career variables were more consistently associated with misconduct than distal family background factors. Because institutional behavior can be understood as the importing of family deprivation experiences and chronic delinquency, the life course importation model is a useful conceptual framework to study crime over the ...
Cell Wall Proteome in the Maize Primary Root Elongation Zone. II. Region-Specific Changes in Water Soluble and Lightly Ionically Bound Proteins under Water Deficit

Previous work on the adaptation of maize (Zea mays) primary roots to water deficit showed that cell elongation is maintained preferentially toward the apex, and that this response involves modification of cell wall extension properties. To gain a comprehensive understanding of how cell wall protein (CWP) composition changes in association with the differential growth responses to water deficit in different regions of the elongation zone, a proteomics approach was used to examine water soluble and loosely ionically bound CWPs. The results revealed major and predominantly region-specific changes in protein profiles between well-watered and water-stressed roots. In total, 152 water deficit-responsive proteins were identified and categorized into five groups based on their potential function in the cell wall: reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism, defense and detoxification, hydrolases, carbohydrate metabolism, and other/unknown. The results indicate that stress-induced changes in CWPs involve multiple processes that are likely to regulate the response of cell elongation. In particular, the changes in protein abundance related to ROS metabolism predicted an increase in apoplastic ROS production in the apical region of the elongation zone of water-stressed roots. This was verified by quantification of hydrogen peroxide content in extracted apoplastic fluid and by in situ imaging of apoplastic ROS levels. This response could contribute directly to the enhancement of wall loosening in this region. This large-scale proteomic analysis provides novel insights into the complexity of mechanisms that regulate root growth under water deficit conditions and highlights the spatial differences in CWP composition in the root elongation zone.
Osteomyelitis: Diagnosis with 99mTc-labeled antigranulocyte antibodies compared with diagnosis with 111In-labeled leukocytes - Initial experience

PURPOSE: To compare a technetium 99m–labeled murine immunoglobulin M monoclonal antigranulocyte antibody that binds to human polymorphonuclear leukocyte CD15 antigens with indium 111 (111In)–labeled leukocytes in the diagnosis of appendicular skeletal osteomyelitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four patients suspected of having infected joint replacement (n = 12), diabetic pedal osteomyelitis (n = 8), or long bone osteomyelitis (n = 4) were imaged 5, 30, 60, and 120 minutes after antibody injection. Following injection, one patient experienced moderate joint pain exacerbation that resolved spontaneously. Patients underwent imaging with 111In-labeled leukocytes and three-phase bone imaging. All studies were interpreted alone. Images obtained in antibody and 111In-labeled leukocyte studies were also interpreted with the bone scans. One reader, without knowledge of other study results or final diagnoses, reviewed and interpreted images in a random order. Sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculate...
Metallographic Observation of the Monoclinic‐Tetragonal Phase Transformation in ZrO2

The monoclinic-tetragonal phase transformation of ZrO2 was examined with a vacuum hot-stage microscope. Polished sections of vacuum-sintered 99.7% pure ZrO2 were observed from room temperature to 1300°C. The rapid formation of platelet substructure within ZrO2 grains in the temperature range 1050° to 1150°C was associated with the heating transformation. Photomicrographs and motion pictures were taken of the specimen as the transformation progressed. The surface deformation was irreversible, preventing observation of the phase inversion on cooling. From these hot-stage studies, supplementary DTA, X-ray, and thermal expansion data, and other existing information, it is concluded that the transformation is of the diffusionless, athermal type, characteristic of Fe-Ni martensitic transformations.
Introduction and Terminology

This chapter contains sections titled: What Is Illumination? A Brief History of Illumination Optics Units Intensity Illuminance and Irradiance Luminance and Radiance Important Factors in Illumination Design Standard Optics Used in Illumination Engineering The Process of Illumination System Design Is Illumination Engineering Hard? Format for Succeeding Chapters References
Conduction and breakdown mechanismsin transformer oil

With a fast coaxial test setup using high speed electrical and optical diagnostics, prebreakdown current pulses and shadowgraphy images are measured for direct current (dc) breakdown in Univolt 61 transformer oil. Also, dc currents across the gap are measured using a high sensitivity electrometer. The conduction and breakdown mechanisms in transformer oil as function of applied hydrostatic pressures are quantified. Together, this information provides data on the development of current flow in the system. We have identified three stages in the conduction process prior to breakdown for highly nonuniform fields. Stage 1 is characterized by a resistive current at low fields. Increasing the applied electric field lowers the effective barrier at the metal/dielectric interface allowing a "tunneling" mechanism to begin, leading to the rapid rise in the injection current observed in stage 2. In stage 3, at high fields, the current reaches space charge saturation with an apparent mobility of 3/spl middot/10/sup -3/ cm/sup 2//V/spl middot/s prior to breakdown. The processes of final breakdown show a distinct polarity dependence. A strong pressure dependence of the breakdown voltage is recorded for negative needle/plane breakdown; a 50% reduction in breakdown voltage is observed when the hydrostatic pressure is lowered from atmospheric pressure to hundreds of mtorr. Positive needle discharges show a reduction of only about 10% in breakdown voltage for the reduced pressure case. Weak pressure dependence indicates the breakdown mechanism does not have a strong gaseous component. We will discuss possible links between conduction current and dc breakdown.
Modeling nucleobase radicals in the mass spectrometer

Neutralization–reionization mass spectrometry, complemented by ab initio and density-functional theory calculations, provides a powerful tool for the investigation of polyatomic radicals relevant to transient intermediates in the process of radiation or chemically induced DNA damage. Precursor ions for analogues of DNA radicals are prepared by gas-phase protonation of nucleobases or their heterocyclic models. The proton affinity of the gas-phase acid is tuned to the topical proton affinity in the substrate molecule to achieve selective protonation. Femtosecond electron transfer imprints the structure of the precursor ion on to that of the radical. Deuterium labeling, collisional activation and variable-time measurements on a microsecond time-scale are used to study unimolecular dissociations of transient heterocyclic radicals and distinguish them from ion dissociations. Ab initio and density-functional theory calculations provide energies which are not available from neutralization–reionization experiments. Topical proton affinities, Franck-Condon energies pertinent to vertical electron transfer, radical stabilities and isomerization barriers are used to elucidate the structures and dissociations of isomeric heterocyclic radicals. © 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Learning a Factorized Segmental Representation of Far-Field Tracking Data

There are many useful observable characteristics of the state of a tracked object. These characteristics could include normalized size, normalized speed, normalized direction, object color, position, and object shape among other characteristics. Although these characteristics are by no means completely independent of each other, it is desirable to determine a separate, compact description of each of each of these aspects. Using this compact factored description, different aspects of individual sequences can be estimated and described without overwhelming computational or storage costs. In this work, we describe Factored Latent Analysis (FLA) and its application to deriving factored models for segmenting sequences in each of K separate characteristics. This method exploits temporally local statistics within each of the latent aspects and their inter-dependencies to derive a model that allows segmentation of each of the observed characteristics. This method is data driven and unsupervised. Activity classification results for multiple challenging environments are shown.
Models of success versus the success of models : Reliability without truth

In computer simulations of physical systems, the construction of models is guided, but not determined, by theory. At the same time simulations models are often constructed precisely because data are sparse. They are meant to replace experiments and observations as sources of data about the world; hence they cannot be evaluated simply by being compared to the world. So what can be the source of credibility for simulation models? I argue that the credibility of a simulation model comes not only from the credentials supplied to it by the governing theory, but also from the antecedently established credentials of the model building techniques employed by the simulationists. In other words, there are certain sorts of model building techniques which are taken, in and of themselves, to be reliable. Some of these model building techniques, moreover, incorporate what are sometimes called “falsifications.” These are contrary-to-fact principles that are included in a simulation model and whose inclusion is taken to increase the reliability of the results. The example of a falsification that I consider, called artificial viscosity, is in widespread use in computational fluid dynamics. Artificial viscosity, I argue, is a principle that is successfully and reliably used across a wide domain of fluid dynamical applications, but it does not offer even an approximately “realistic” or true account of fluids. Artificial viscosity, therefore, is a counter-example to the principle that success implies truth – a principle at the foundation of scientific realism. It is an example of reliability without truth.
Early death or retransplantation in adults after orthotopic liver transplantation. Can outcome be predicted

Early, reliable outcome prediction after a liver transplant would help improve organ use by minimizing unnecessary retransplantations. At the same time, early intervention in those cases destined to fail may ameliorate the high morbidity and mortality associated with retransplantation. The purpose of this study was to analyze several parameters that have been identified in the past as being associated with patient and graft outcome, and to try to develop a model that would allow us to make predictions based on data available in the early postoperative period. A total of 148 patients were followed in a prospective, observational study. Graft failure was defined as patient death or retransplantation within 3 months of surgery. Preoperative variables studied included patient demographics, need for life support, presence of ascites, serum bilirubin, serum albumin, prothrombin time, serum creatinine, and the results of the cytotoxic crossmatch. During the first 5 postoperative days, standard measurements included serum transaminases, serum bilirubin, ketone body ratio, prothrombin time, factor V, and serum lactate. Oxygen consumption was measured shortly after surgery, once the patients had rewarmed to 36 degrees C. There were 131 successful transplants (88.5%) and 17 failures (11.5%). Most of the variables studied were found to be associated with outcome (by univariate analysis) at different points in the early postoperative period. However, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that the predictive ability of even the best parameter was not adequate to make decisions on individual patients. Multivariate analysis, using stepwise logistic regression, yielded a model with an overall accuracy of 92.7%. Again, receiver operating characteristic curve analysis suggested that this model did not achieve the discriminating power needed for routine clinical use. We are still not able to accurately predict outcome in the early posttransplant period. We must be very careful when evaluating parameters, or scoring systems, that are said to accomplish this. It is especially important in this era of cost containment, with its renewed pressures to guide therapy based on our perceived understanding of a patient's future clinical course.
African Trypanosomes Contain 5-Methylcytosine in Nuclear DNA

It is currently unclear if there are modified DNA bases in Trypanosoma brucei other than J-base. We identify herein a cytosine-5 DNA methyltransferase gene and report the presence and location of 5-methylcytosine in genomic DNA. Our data demonstrate that African trypanosomes contain a functional cytosine DNA methylation pathway.
The Role of Superoxide Anions in the Establishment of an Interferon-α-Mediated Antiviral State

It has been suggested that CuZn-superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD) is required for the establishment of an interferon (IFN)-mediated antiviral state. To investigate this possibility further, a panel of 6 stably transfected HeLa clones, expressing CuZnSOD activity from 1.6 to 7.3 times the normal level, were treated with different concentrations of recombinant human interferon alpha A (rHuIFN-αA) followed by challenge with vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV). A biphasic response curve was generated (r = 0.87, p < 0.025). Clones with up to 3-fold basal level CuZnSOD activity exhibited an inverse relationship between their ability to generate an IFN-α-mediated antiviral state and CuZnSOD activity: the higher the CuZnSOD activity, the lower the sensitivity to IFN-α and the more IFN-α required for antiviral defense. Clones with between 4 to 7.3 times higher CuZnSOD activity than the non-transfected HeLa control showed a direct relationship between the CuZnSOD activity and the sensitivity to IFN-α. Furthermore, in agr...
How the MccB bacterial ancestor of ubiquitin E1 initiates biosynthesis of the microcin C7 antibiotic

The 39-kDa Escherichia coli enzyme MccB catalyses a remarkable posttranslational modification of the MccA heptapeptide during the biosynthesis of microcin C7 (MccC7), a 'Trojan horse' antibiotic. The approximately 260-residue C-terminal region of MccB is homologous to ubiquitin-like protein (UBL) activating enzyme (E1) adenylation domains. Accordingly, MccB-catalysed C-terminal MccA-acyl-adenylation is reminiscent of the E1-catalysed activation reaction. However, unlike E1 substrates, which are UBLs with a C-terminal di-glycine sequence, MccB's substrate, MccA, is a short peptide with an essential C-terminal Asn. Furthermore, after an intramolecular rearrangement of MccA-acyl-adenylate, MccB catalyses a second, unique reaction, producing a stable phosphoramidate-linked analogue of acyl-adenylated aspartic acid. We report six-crystal structures of MccB in apo, substrate-, intermediate-, and inhibitor-bound forms. Structural and kinetic analyses reveal a novel-peptide clamping mechanism for MccB binding to heptapeptide substrates and a dynamic-active site for catalysing dual adenosine triphosphate-consuming reactions. The results provide insight into how a distinctive member of the E1 superfamily carries out two-step activation for generating the peptidyl-antibiotic MccC7.
Behind the Model‐Minority Stereotype: Voices of High‐ and Low‐Achieving Asian American Students

This article examines the complex relationship between Asian American student identity(ies) and perceptions regarding future opportunity and attitudes toward schooling. The article argues that identity and attitudes toward schooling are not static, as some have argued, but are negotiated through experiences and relationships inside and outside of school. Data for this article were collected as part of a larger ethnographic study on Asian American high school students.
Radar Properties of Non-Rayleigh Sea Clutter

Measurements of sea clutter at low grazing angles using high- resolution radar show that the probability density p(x) of envelope detected sea clutter is not Rayleigh. Using the composite surface scattering model, a special varying clutter density p(x|?0) is proposed and is used to explain the non-Rayleigh nature of clutter. Since the clutter distribution has an enormous effect on the performance of a radar, the variation of the clutter densities, p(x) and p(x|?0), with various radar parameters such as frequency, pulsewidth, and polarization is found. Finally, a simulation of the composite surface scattering model is performed, and it verifies the effect of the various parameters on p(x).
Quantitative Trait-Associated Microarray Data Analysis

Differential expression analysis often applies to discrete phenotypes (primarily dichotomous phenotypes). The phenotype is often defined as “normal” or “affected.” If a phenotype is measured quantitatively, it is often converted into two or a few discrete phenotype groups so that a differential expression analysis or an ANOVA method for multiple comparisons can be applied. It is obvious that such discretization will result in loss of information.
Bipartite Community Structure of eQTLs

Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and expression quantitative trait locus (eQTL) analyses have identified genetic associations with a wide range of human phenotypes. However, many of these variants have weak effects and understanding their combined effect remains a challenge. One hypothesis is that multiple SNPs interact in complex networks to influence functional processes that ultimately lead to complex phenotypes, including disease states. Here we present CONDOR, a method that represents both cis- and trans-acting SNPs and the genes with which they are associated as a bipartite graph and then uses the modular structure of that graph to place SNPs into a functional context. In applying CONDOR to eQTLs in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), we found the global network "hub" SNPs were devoid of disease associations through GWAS. However, the network was organized into 52 communities of SNPs and genes, many of which were enriched for genes in specific functional classes. We identified local hubs within each community ("core SNPs") and these were enriched for GWAS SNPs for COPD and many other diseases. These results speak to our intuition: rather than single SNPs influencing single genes, we see groups of SNPs associated with the expression of families of functionally related genes and that disease SNPs are associated with the perturbation of those functions. These methods are not limited in their application to COPD and can be used in the analysis of a wide variety of disease processes and other phenotypic traits.
Congress and the Costs of Information: A Response to Jane Schacter

Suppose that the costs of obtaining and using political information fall dramatically, in large part because of new technologies such as the Internet. What effects might this have on political accountability and social welfare? This response to a paper by Jane Schacter offers some skeptical anti-conclusions. The fall in political information costs has multiple effects, cutting in different directions: some will increase accountability, however defined, while others will perversely reduce it, in part because political transparency has complex costs and benefits. We can predict the direction of the relevant effects but have little idea of their magnitudes. It follows that the consequences for social welfare are systematically ambiguous, given our current knowledge. Either the cheerleaders of Internet politics or the doomsayers might turn out to be correct, but their beliefs are unjustified, given the current state of the evidence and our current theories. The response also briefly considers speculative possibilities for new institutions of accountability, such as a virtual Congress, the expansion of direct democracy into the federal lawmaking process, and legislation drafted through the putative wisdom of crowds - wikis for legislation.
Anomalous single coronary artery with absent right coronary artery diagnosed with the aid of 64-slice multidetector computed tomographic angiography.

A 46-year-old woman with a history of hypercholesterolemia, hypothyroidism, and cigarette smoking presented to the emergency department because of recurrent episodes of substernal chest pain. Her family history included early-onset myocardial infarction. Electrocardiography revealed sinus rhythm without significant ST-T changes. Recent exercise-stress echocardiography had shown preserved left ventricular function (ejection fraction, 0.60) and a normal stress test result. The patient was next evaluated by 64-slice multidetector computed tomography of the coronary arteries, which revealed an anomalous single coronary artery arising from the left sinus of Valsalva, together with an absence of the right coronary artery (RCA). The left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) was the dominant vessel; it appeared to continue, without significant stenosis, beyond the atrioventricular groove up to the level normally occupied by the RCA (Fig. 1). The left main coronary artery bifurcated into the left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) and the LCx. Only a single coronary ostium (that of the left main) was seen to arise from the aorta (Fig. 2). The patient's calcium score was zero. Subsequently, her coronary anatomy was confirmed by cardiac catheterization (Fig. 3). She was treated medically with aspirin, metoprolol, and rovastatin. Fig. 1 Computed tomographic angiogram. Three-dimensional volume-rendering view (anterior) shows an anomalous single coronary artery from the left sinus of Valsalva, together with an absence of the right coronary artery. The left circumflex artery (LCx) ... Fig. 2 Computed tomographic angiogram. Three-dimensional volume-rendering view (superior) shows an anomalous single coronary artery arising from the left sinus of Valsalva and the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) continuing as right coronary artery ... Fig. 3 Coronary angiogram of the left coronary artery in the posteroanterior projection confirms that the left circumflex coronary artery (LCx) continues as right coronary artery distribution.
Denying the Dyad: How Criminalizing Pregnant Drug Use Harms the Baby, Taxpayers and Vulnerable Women

In 2014, Tennessee passed the nation’s first criminal law expressly authorizing assault liability against a pregnant woman who uses illegal drugs. Virtually every state has considered a bill similar to Tennessee’s law. While there are other thought-provoking scholarly articles addressing the perils of criminalizing pregnant drug use, this article provides the first in-depth analysis of the groundbreaking law, which is likely to serve as a model for other states. In particular, this article traces the intertwining histories of fetal rights, personhood and assault liability. It illustrates how the law is poorly targeted to address rising neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) rates because the majority of such births appear driven by prescription drug use and inadequate birth control. It describes how the law undervalues the maternal-fetal relationship, relies on an illusory affirmative defense for treatment, and opens the door to broad criminal liability against pregnant women for any unlawful act or omission that harms a fetus or embryo. The article also utilizes traditional objectives of criminal law to demonstrate how criminalizing pregnant drug use fails to effectively restore, incapacitate, rehabilitate, deter, or punish. By ignoring the inter-connected relationship between mother and baby and drug addiction's unique challenges as a disease, criminalization incentivizes abortion, deters prenatal care, wastes taxpayer money and undermines the health and well-being of the baby.
The changing landscape of home dialysis in the United States.

Purpose of review To discuss the changing landscape of home dialysis in the United States over the past decade, including recent research on clinical outcomes in patient undergoing peritoneal dialysis (PD) and home hemodialysis (HHD), and to describe the impact of recent payment reforms for patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD).
HEAT FLUX AND INTERNAL BALLISTIC CHARACTERIZATION OF A HYBRID ROCKET MOTOR ANALOG

The results of lab-scale hybrid rocket motor test firings and solid fuel pyrolysis experiments were combined with several analytical and numerical techniques to develop a semi-empirical method to analyze and correlate the experimental data with descriptive non-dimensional parameters. The experimental regression rate database was combined with a solid-fuel pyrolysis model and the energy flux balance equation to determine the total heat flux reaching the fuel surface. The component heat fluxes due to convection, radiation from the gas-phase combustion products, and radiation from soot were determined using various methods. The results of the analysis showed that under some conditions the magnitude of the overall radiant heat flux to the fuel surface was quite significant compared to the convective heat. Though CO2 represented the most important radiating gas-phase combustion product, radiation from soot was found to account for 80 to 90% of the total radiant heat flux. Dimensionless regression rate correlations indicated that the classical hybrid boundary layer correlation must be modified to account for the effects of radiation and variable fluid properties across the boundary layer. The Boltzmann number and velocity ratio between the flame and bulk flow were employed to make these corrections. In addition, it was found that the deduced Stanton number can sometimes be larger than the reference Stanton for turbulent flow over a flat plate due to various effects in the hybrid shear flow. The effects of variable transport properties were not found to be important in correlating the data, and no evidence for the existence of rate-limiting chemical kinetics was observed even for relatively large mass fluxes and low pressures. Finally, for the same percent weight mass addition, Alex powder (an ultra-fine aluminum powder, 0.05 to 0.1 |J.m) caused a substantially greater increase in regression rate than did conventional aluminum powder (5 to 15 urn).
An Unusual Occurrence of Spiders in Northern Florida

During the fall and early winter of 1931 my attention was attracted by the occurrence of great masses of spider-webs along the west shore of a lake situated about six miles east of Gainesville in Alachua County, Florida. This lake, the site of the biological station of the University of Florida, was formerly called Pithlachocco but now bears the more prosaic name of Newnan‗s Lake. It is six or seven miles in length, and shallow throughout. Its level fluctuates considerably even in normal years, and the prolonged drought which occurred in the.fall of 1931 caused it to lower more than the usual amount, exposing a breadth of sandy and mucky beach beyond the fringe of cypresses which borders the shores and ordinarily extends into the water's edge.
Resistance to proteolytic degradation of myelin basic protein adsorbed on resin.

SummaryMyelin basic protein (BP) in aqueous solution is degraded by pronase or chymotrypsin to nonencephalitogenic products. The encephalitogenicity of BP is resistant to these proteolytic enzymes when BP is adsorbed on a cation exchange resin known to be an immunologic adjuvant. The protection of BP by resin is not due to inactivation of enzymes.
A Comparative Study of Wal-Mart and Carrefour′s Marketing Mix in Chinese Market

With a the review of marketing mix and retail marketing mix theory,this paper develops its dimensions of analysis,and carries out a comparative research on Wal-Mart and Carrefour′s marketing mix in Chinese market from the aspects of product,service,price,place,store design,promotion,personal and logistical distribution.It puts forward some corresponding measures for the other retail enterprises in China.
Use of COX-2 specific inhibitors in operative and nonoperative management of patients with arthritis

Arthritis is a major burden on society and the individual. Arthritis affects all age groups and races, and is more prevalent in women than men by approximately 1.65:1. Nearly one half of people aged > or = 65 years report the presence of arthritic symptoms; however, by no means is arthritis a disease of only the elderly. The burden of arthritis will continue to increase due to expected future increases in the size and age of the general population. Currently, the total costs of medical care and lost wages due to arthritis are in excess of 64 billion dollars per year in the United States. For the individual, arthritis may cause substantial pain, impair mobility, curtail physical activity, and have a negative impact on mental health. The two most common forms of arthritis, osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis, have major health complications. From the perspective of the orthopedic surgeon, the aim of treatment of arthritic conditions includes early, accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment to minimize pain and maximize function. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are frequently used as part of the medical management of patients with arthritis. These medications are effective in mitigating pain and inflammation associated with arthritis. However, side effects (most notably of the gastrointestinal tract) have limited the more widespread use of NSAIDs. The newer cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors have proven to be efficacious and have demonstrated fewer gastrointestinal adverse effects. Furthermore, COX-2 inhibitors do not appear to adversely affect platelet function. For these reasons, consideration may be given to using COX-2 perioperatively, however, drug interactions must be closely monitored.
INVESTIGATION OF THERMOELASTIC LOSS MECHANISM IN SHELL RESONATORS

Maximizing quality (Q) factor is key to enhancing the performance of micro mechanical resonators, which are used in a wide range of applications such as gyroscopes, filters, and clocks. There are several energy loss mechanisms commonly associated with micro resonators including anchor loss through the substrate, squeeze film damping, thermoelastic dissipation (TED), and surface loss. This work focuses on the thermoelastic loss as one of the major energy dissipation mechanisms of micro shell resonators.In this article, the effects of material properties, thickness, conductive coating and operating temperature on the Q-factor of micro shell resonators are investigated. Numerical simulation shows shell resonators have higher Q-factors when they are operating at lower temperatures. Although, the magnitude of the simulated Q-factors of an uncoated bare resonator made from fused silica is more than 70 million and so it is too high to have a remarkable effect on the total Q-factor, our study shows that even a thin layer of some conductive coatings like gold on the surface of a bare shell reduces Q-factor significantly. The sensitivity of the coated shell resonator design to the TED phenomenon provides useful information for the development of new micro shell resonators with improved performance and Q-factors.Copyright © 2014 by ASME
A multi-agent simulator for resource management in smart spaces

The existence of advanced smart devices and related technologies such as pervasive computing, mobile wireless communications, sensor networks and agent technologies have supported the proliferation of smart spaces. In this paper, we present the design of “Bosthan”, a multi-agent-based simulation tool that manages resources consumption in multi-inhabitants smart spaces. Bosthan is built on the top of ActorNet mobile agent platform to simulate different smart space topologies with varying numbers of residents. It allows strategies for resolution of conflicts between mobile agents, and for preserving inhabitants' anonymity and untraceability inside the smart spaces, to be studied. Bosthan will help us compare the efficiency of using mobile agents to allow smart spaces to act pro-actively and maintain anonymity and data privacy in multi-inhabitants environments.
Re-Examination of Traditional Admissions Criteria in Predicting Academic Success in a Counselor Education Program

The purpose of this study was to re-evaluate the validity of traditional admissions criteria—UGPA and GRE scores—in predicting academic success for students admitted to a counselor education program in the United States. In contrast to prior research, we also included the newer GRE-Analytical Writing scores in our analyses. In general, we found that both UGPA and GRE scores were useful for predicting both graduate grade point averages (GGPAs) and students’ scores on the Counselor Preparation Comprehensive Exam (CPCE). We also found that a discriminant model that included all four admission variables was useful for predicting program completion outcomes: successfully graduated, dropped out, or dismissed from the program. Implications for the admissions and screening process are presented.
Phase II trial of cladribine and low-dose AraC alternating with decitabine in older patients with AML.

7031 Background: Treatment of AML in older patients (pts) is often complicated by poor tolerance to high dose chemotherapy and resistant disease. Lower intensity approaches employing more active co...
Cyclization Approaches to the Synthesis of Natural Products

The synthesis of complex molecules and the development of synthetic methodology are complementary processes; indeed the syntheses which prove most efficient and therefore attain a touch of elegance are those in which there is a particularly adept match of target structure and the key step or steps.
Sport analytics platform for athletic readiness assessment

Many coaches and athletes are showing an increasing interest in training monitoring systems every year. There is a plethora of performance markers that can aid in a coaches assessment of physiological and psychological conditions of their athletes. These markers can indicate an athletes readiness for competition, adaptation to training, or risk for injury. However, studies have shown examination of these performance markers individually may not result in a clear perception of ones performance. Hence, an inclusive analysis of these metrics is required to achieve meaningful assessment. Recently with the growing use of wearable activity trackers, we have access to many of these markers. Currently, there are a few sport monitoring tools which are using a subset of these metrics and are mostly providing real-time data visualization to coaching staff. However, an appropriate athletic performance monitoring system should be intuitive, provide useful data analysis, feedback and reliable predictions to coaches and athletes. In this paper, we are proposing an athletic monitoring system which collects a comprehensive set of metrics and visualize them in real-time and informs coaches about athlete's readiness score.
A model of neglect during postnatal life heightens obesity-induced hypertension and is linked to a greater metabolic compromise in female mice.

Exposure to early life stress (ELS) is associated with behavioral-related alterations, increases in body mass index and higher systolic blood pressure in humans. Postnatal maternal separation and early weaning (MSEW) is a mouse model of neglect characterized by a long-term dysregulation of the neuroendocrine system. Given the contribution of adrenal-derived hormones to the development of obesity, we hypothesized that exposure to MSEW could contribute to the worsening of cardiometabolic function in response to chronic high-fat diet (HF) feeding by promoting adipose tissue expansion and insulin resistance. MSEW was performed in C57BL/6 mice from postnatal days 2–16 and weaned at postnatal day 17. Undisturbed litters weaned at postnatal day 21 served as the control (C) group. At the weaning day, mice were placed on a low-fat diet (LF) or HF for 16 weeks. When fed a LF, male and female mice exposed to MSEW display similar body weight but increased fat mass compared to controls. However, when fed a HF, only female MSEW mice display increased body weight, fat mass, and adipocyte hypertrophy compared with controls. Also, female MSEW mice display evidence of an early onset of cardiometabolic risk factors, including hyperinsulinemia, glucose intolerance, and hypercholesterolemia. Yet, both male and female MSEW mice fed a HF show increased blood pressure compared with controls. This study shows that MSEW promotes a sex-specific dysregulation of the adipose tissue expansion and glucose homeostasis that precedes the development of obesity-induced hypertension.
Prostatic utricle cysts (müllerian duct cysts).

A series of 88 male patients with prostatic utricle cysts (mullerian duct) has been compiled by adding our 3 patients to 85 cases reported. Irritative lower urinary tract symptoms were the most common presenting complaint (42 per cent), while lower obstructive symptoms were noted in 29 per cent. Of the 20 clinical case reports in boys 25 per cent presented with epididymitis often in an undescended gonad. A cystic rectal mass found in half of the patients represents the most common presenting sign, while hypospadias occurred in a fourth. Unilateral renal dysgenesis or agenesis was associated in 10 per cent of the reports. While the suprapubic surgical approach to excision has been used most commonly it has proved unsatisfactory in two-thirds of the cases. The posterior approach was used successfully in 2 boys with preservation of erectile potency in both. The wide spectrum of histopathology of these cysts prevents clear characterization. A 3% incidence of malignancy in prostatic utricle cysts is noted.
An Optimal Parallel Algorithm to Reconstruct a Binary Tree from its Traversals

We consider the following problem. For a binary tree T=(V,E) where V={1, 2,...,n}, given its inorder traversal and either its preorder traversal or it postorder traversal, reconstruct the binary tree. We present a new parallel algorithm for this problem. Our algorithm requires O(n) space. The main idea of our algorithm is to reduce the reconstruction process to parallel merging. With the best results for parallel merging, our algorithm can be implemented in O(logn) time using O(n/logn) processors on the EREW PRAM, or in O(loglogn) time using O(n/log logn) processors on the CREW PRAM. Consequently, an ordered tree can be reconstructed from its preorder and postorder traversals. Our results improve the best previous results for this problem in literature either in cost or in the model of computation.
Group visits in medically and economically disadvantaged patients with type 2 diabetes and their relationships to clinical outcomes.

To evaluate group visits in the management of underinsured patients with uncontrolled type 2 diabetes, 120 eligible patients enrolled were randomly assigned to receive care in groups or continue usual care. Feasibility, acceptability, and concordance with American Diabetes Association standards of care (Diab Camre. 25[suppl 1]:533-549) were evaluated. Patients who received care in groups exhibited improvement in American Diabetes Association standards of care (p < .001), improved sense of trust in physician (p = .02), and tended to report better coordination of care (p = .07), better community orientation (p = .09), and more culturally competent care (p = .09). Group visits offer a promising model for delivering health care to these patients.
The Problem of System Identification in Physiology

Even though the epistemology of the life sciences has a distinctly hierarchical organization — extending from the subcellular level to the behavioral — the main thrust of research up to now has focused on each particular level of this organization, e.g., at the molecular, cellular, or behavioral level. The relationships and interdependences between the various levels have been relatively neglected. This latter endeavor belongs to the realm of systems analysis. In addition, a great part of the methodology employed within each particular level (and being equally applicable to all of them) belongs to systems analysis. Thus, systems analysis, as a methodological tool, has both a “vertical” and a “horizontal” component in the hierarchy of physiological systems.
Commentary: Interpreting Variability and Change in Western Work Camps

Work camps are among the most common social formations of the modern world and have roots deep in antiquity. Kinship and tribute relations organized the earliest work camps, but wage labor and industrial capitalism played the key role since the 19th century. Most work camps in the modern world are associated with extraction industries (logging, mining, and whal ing) or construction projects (dams, canals, and railroads). The workers living in the camps typically have short lives, age-sex structures dominated by young adult males, distinctive lifestyles, and social hierarchies based on cultural identities and class relations.
Acoustic emission characterization using AE (parameter) delay

The acoustic emission (AE) parameter delay concept is defined as that particular measured value of a parameter at which a specified baseline level of cumulative AE activity is reached. The parameter can be from any of a broad range of elastic, plastic, viscoelastic, and fracture mechanics parameters, as well as their combinations. Such parameters include stress, load, strain, displacement, time, temperature, loading cycle, unloading stress, stress intensity factor, strain energy release rate, and crack tip plasticity zone size, while the AE activity may be AE event counts, ringdown counts, energy, event duration, etc., as well as their combinations. Attention is given to examples for the AE parameter delay concept, together with various correlations.
Resolving the Influence of Forest-Canopy Structure on Snow Depth Distributions with Terrestrial Laser Scanning

Predicting changes in forested seasonal snowpacks under altered climate scenarios is one of the most pressing hydrologic challenges facing today's society. Approximately 2 billion people worldwide, as well as numerous ecosystems and ecosystem services depend on water released from snowmelt. Airborne- and satellite-based remote sensing methods hold the potential to transform measurements of terrestrial water stores in snowpack, improve process representations of snowpack accumulation and ablation, and generate high quality predictions that inform potential strategies to better manage water resources. While the effects of forest on snowpack are well documented, many of the fine-scale processes influenced by the forest-canopy are not directly accounted for because most snow models don't explicitly represent canopy structure and canopy heterogeneity. The goal of this project is improving snow remote-sensing methods in forested ecosystems using fine scale lidar measurements to identify capabilities and limitations of coarser scale remote sensing. We use terrestrial laser scanning (TLS) data collected during NASA's 2017 SnowEX campaign to resolve canopy and sub-canopy snow distributions at high resolution, and to understand the relationships between canopy and snow distributions across scales. Our sample scales range from individual trees to patches of trees across the Grand Mesa, Colorado, USA, NASA SnowEx site.