cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Computation of Generalized Turning Points and Two-Point Boundary Value Problems

The accurate location of turning and bifurcation points for ordi-nary differential equations is a problem that has received much attention recently. See, for example, the conference proceedings edited by Mittelmann and Weber [l2], the papers [2], [10], [l6], and several of the articles in the proceedings of the conference at which this paper was presented. The procedures we will describe here are not curve tracing methods, but rather they take the basic equation and imbed it in a larger system so that the full system is nonsingular and can be solved directly by Newton’s method or a, quasi-Newton method. The efficient characterization of these points is important, in addition to its own sake, for multiparameter problems where branches of such points are computed. See in addition to articles in these proceedings the paper of Doedel [5].
Pupil size as an indicator of neurochemical activity during learning

Neurochemical systems are well studied in animal learning; however, ethical issues limit methodologies to explore these systems in humans. Pupillometry provides a glimpse into the brain's neurochemical systems, where pupil dynamics in monkeys have been linked with locus coeruleus (LC) activity, which releases norepinephrine (NE) throughout the brain. The objective of my research is to understand the role of neurochemicals in human learning. Specifically, I aim to 1) Establish a non-invasive method to study the role of neurochemicals in human learning, 2) Develop methods to monitor learning in real time using pupillometry, and 3) Discover causal relationships between neurochemicals and learning in human subjects. In this article, to address Objective 1, we present evidence that pupil dynamics can be used as a surrogate measure of neurochemical activity during learning. Specifically, we hypothesize that norepinephrine modulates the encoding of memories, the influence of which can be measured with pupil dynamics. To examine this hypothesis a task-irrelevant learning paradigm was used, in which learning is boosted for stimuli temporally paired with task targets. We show that participants better recognize images that are paired with task targets than distractors and, in correspondence, that pupil size changes more for target-paired than distractor-paired images. To further investigate the hypothesis that NE nonspecifically guides learning for stimuli that are present with its release, a second procedure was used that employed an unexpected sound to activate the LC--NE system and induce pupil-size changes; results indicated a corresponding increase in memorization of images paired with the unexpected sounds. Together, these results suggest a relationship between the LC--NE system, pupil-size changes, and learning. My ongoing work aims to develop methods to monitor learning in real time by investigating the relationship between, pupil size changes, eye movement and learning in context of a free visual search task. Future work will investigate the causal relationship between neurochemicals, learning and pupil dynamics by using NE specific drugs to up- and down-regulate levels of NE during learning.
Numerical Cladistic Analysis of Phylogenetic Relationships in Plecoptera

This paper consists of a reassessment of phylogenetic relationships in Plecoptera using Zwick's (1980) character data. The data matrix (22 taxa by 113 characters) was analyzed using the WAGNER option of the PHYLIP computer program. Six equally parsimonious minimum-length Wagner networks are discerned and rooted to form six Wagner trees. Incongruities among the Wagner trees must await resolution through the acquisition of additional characters. The computed Wagner trees are more parsimonious than the existing phylogenies of Ricker (1952), lilies (1965), Zwick (1980), and Brodskiy (1982). I show that the phylogenies of Zwick and Brodskiy are more congruent with the computer-generated Wagner trees than are those of Ricker and lilies. However, the analyses of the latter two workers are in accord with the Wagner trees in depicting the Eusthenioidea as the sister group to that taxon comprising the Gripopteryoidea, Scopuridae, Nemouroidea, and Systellognatha.
Multiscale regression modeling in mouse supraspinatus tendons reveals that dynamic processes act as mediators in structure–function relationships

Recent advances in technology have allowed for the measurement of dynamic processes (re-alignment, crimp, deformation, sliding), but only a limited number of studies have investigated their relationship with mechanical properties. The overall objective of this study was to investigate the role of composition, structure, and the dynamic response to load in predicting tendon mechanical properties in a multi-level fashion mimicking native hierarchical collagen structure. Multiple linear regression models were investigated to determine the relationships between composition/structure, dynamic processes, and mechanical properties. Mediation was then used to determine if dynamic processes mediated structure-function relationships. Dynamic processes were strong predictors of mechanical properties. These predictions were location-dependent, with the insertion site utilizing all four dynamic responses and the midsubstance responding primarily with fibril deformation and sliding. In addition, dynamic processes were moderately predicted by composition and structure in a regionally-dependent manner. Finally, dynamic processes were partial mediators of the relationship between composition/structure and mechanical function, and results suggested that mediation is likely shared between multiple dynamic processes. In conclusion, the mechanical properties at the midsubstance of the tendon are controlled primarily by fibril structure and this region responds to load via fibril deformation and sliding. Conversely, the mechanical function at the insertion site is controlled by many other important parameters and the region responds to load via all four dynamic mechanisms. Overall, this study presents a strong foundation on which to design future experimental and modeling efforts in order to fully understand the complex structure-function relationships present in tendon.
Influence of temperature on the spark plasma sintering of calcium fluoride ceramics

The commercially abundant low purity calcium fluoride powder was directly loaded for spark plasma sintering (SPS). In a vacuum atmosphere with a constant pressure held at 70 MPa the sintering temperature was systematically varied in the range of 500–850 °C. X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) techniques were used to characterize the raw powder; and for studying the microstructural properties and in-line transmittance of the finalized ceramics, SEM and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) were used. Digital images of the 700 °C sintered translucent CaF2 ceramic were taken along with transmittance recordings. The grain growth mechanisms and activation energy values were determined; and the influences of temperature on the relative density, grain size, and optical transmittance were demonstrated. Furthermore, for the first time, a plausible predominant mechanism was proposed for describing the different sintering stages of calcium fluoride ceramics.
Interstellar Travel and Galactic Colonization: Insights from Percolation Theory and the Yule Process.

Abstract In this paper, percolation theory is employed to place tentative bounds on the probability p of interstellar travel and the emergence of a civilization (or panspermia) that colonizes the entire Galaxy. The ensuing ramifications with regard to the Fermi paradox are also explored. In particular, it is suggested that the correlation function of inhabited exoplanets can be used to observationally constrain p in the near future. It is shown, by using a mathematical evolution model known as the Yule process, that the probability distribution for civilizations with a given number of colonized worlds is likely to exhibit a power-law tail. Some of the dynamical aspects of this issue, including the question of timescales and generalizing percolation theory, were also studied. The limitations of these models, and other avenues for future inquiry, are also outlined. Key Words: Complex life—Extraterrestrial life—Panspermia—Life detection—SETI. Astrobiology 16, 418–426.
Imaging of local recurrence in prostate cancer

Diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) recurrence after therapy with curative intent currently depends primarily on biochemical serum analyses. When recurrence is suspected, further treatment decisions rely heavily on the confirmation of disease presence and determination of its extent. This is complicated by the fact that benign conditions can mimic biochemical recurrence, and serum studies do not reliably discriminate between local and distant recurrence. This review discusses the contemporary imaging paradigm for the evaluation of local PCa recurrence. The multidisciplinary implications for urologists, radiation oncologists and radiologists are examined. Emerging techniques and future directions of PCa imaging research are discussed.
3 – STRUCTURE OF SOLIDS

This chapter focuses on the physical and electronic structures of atoms. At a deeper level the two types of structures are intimately coupled. The richness in the diversity of materials properties is attributable to the countless combinations of different atomic species, their electronic constitution, and the way atoms are geometrically arranged within solids. It is convenient to subdivide the structure of solids into two broad categories—crystalline and amorphous. The structure of matter telescopes a hierarchical order extending from subatomic particles, to atoms in solids that are positioned in orderly lattice arrays to tiny crystallites 10-100 μm, to grains of engineering metals more than 10,000 μm, to aggregates of grains in engineering structures yet thousands of times larger. Increasingly, the microscopic world has become the arena of attention where technological progress has enabled materials processing, fabrication, and characterization at unprecedented dimensional levels. Direct observation of structures has revealed the ubiquitous presence of crystallographic defects. They are classified into point (vacancy), line (dislocation), and surface (grain boundary) categories. All of them play lesser or greater roles, acting either singly or collectively, in influencing virtually all material properties. In particular, dislocations and grain boundaries are effective in disrupting perfect lattices and often have an important beneficial influence on the development of certain mechanical properties. On the other hand, defects of any kind cannot be tolerated in semiconductor devices. The easiest to observe are grain boundaries and the most difficult are vacancies, but even these elusive entities have been imaged by both field ion microscopy (FIM) and scanning tunneling microscopy (STM).
Annexin 2 Mediates Plasminogen-Related Recruitment of Neovascular Mural Cells in Lymphoma Angiogenesis.

Malignant tumor progression requires the development of tumor-associated blood vessels through co-option of nearby host vascular cells, recruitment of marrow-derived progenitor cells, or both. The annexin 2 (A2)/p11 heterotetramer is a cell surface co-receptor for the fibrinolytic proteins plasminogen (Plg) and tPA, and strongly augments the catalytic efficiency of vascular cell plasmin generation. We showed previously that A2−/ − mice display impaired postnatal angiogenesis in the corneal pocket, oxygen-induced retinopathy, and Matrigel plug assays. Here, we examined neovascularization of experimental lymphoma in mice with fibrinolytic deficiency states. For both EL4, a T cell lymphoma, and B6RV2, a B cell lymphoma, growth of implanted tumor cells was rapid in wildtype and tPA−/ − mice, but nearly flat in both A2−/ − and Plg−/ − mice. Immunohistochemical staining of EL4 tissue on day 8 revealed reduced vascular density, frequent intravascular fibrin thrombi, and dilated microvessels in A2−/ −, compared with A2+/+, mice. Electron microscopy and immunofluorescence revealed a striking paucity of pericytes and secondary dropout of endothelial cells within A2−/ − tumor microvessels. Flow cytometric analysis of circulating progenitor cells showed reduced recruitment of VEGFR1+/CD11b+ hematopoietic precursors from bone marrow to blood in A2−/ − versus A2+/+ tumor-bearing mice. In lethally irradiated A2−/ − mice, moreover, tumor growth was rescued completely upon engraftment with A2+/+ marrow. Transplantation of green fluorescent protein (GFP)-labeled A2+/+ bone marrow revealed the appearance of abundant marrow-derived CD11b+/CD68+ cells closely apposed to developing tumor neovessels. Many of these cells also express the pericyte marker, NG2. Transplantation of A2+/+ marrow, finally, restored the investment of tumor microvessels with α-smooth muscle actin-positive pericytes. These data suggest that A2 contributes critically to tumor angiogenesis in experimental lymphoma in mice, by enabling recruitment of A2+ myelomonocytic cells that promote neovascular stabilization by pericyte-like cells. The data suggest further that targeting the A2/p11 system could offer a novel strategy for the treatment of malignant lymphoma.
Tone and Attitude

We have occasionally used the words “tone” and “attitude” in commenting on the effect of particular poems, and though we have not formally defined these terms, their meanings in general were probably easy enough to grasp from the context of the discussion. But tone and attitude are sufficiently important to the understanding of poetry to merit more detailed consideration.
Marijuana use and service utilization among adolescents 7 years post substance use treatment

BACKGROUND: In an environment of increasingly liberal attitudes towards marijuana use and legalization, little is known about long-term trajectories of marijuana use among clinical samples of adolescents, and how these trajectories relate to health services utilization over time. METHODS: Latent growth curve analysis was used to identify distinct trajectories of marijuana use in a clinical sample of adolescents (N=391) over 7 years post substance use treatment in an integrated health system. We examined psychiatric problems and polysubstance use associated with the identified trajectory groups using general linear models. Nonlinear mixed-effects logistic regressions were used to examine associations between health services use and the trajectory groups. RESULTS: We identified three marijuana use trajectory groups: (1) Abstinent (n=117); (2) Low/Stable use (n=174); and (3) Increasing use (n=100). Average externalizing and anxiety/depression scores were significantly lower over time for the Abstinent group compared to the Increasing and Low/Stable groups. The Low Stable and the Increasing group had fewer psychiatric visits over time (pCONCLUSIONS: Treated adolescents showed distinct marijuana use patterns, one of which indicated a group of adolescents at risk of increased use over time. These individuals have greater psychiatric and polysubstance use over time, but may not be accessing needed services.Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved. Language: en
Differences in Seasonal Variation between Two Biotypes of Megamelus scutellaris (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a Biological Control Agent for Eichhornia crassipes (Pontederiaceae) in Florida

Summary Two biotypes (Paraguay and Argentine) of Megamelus scutellaris (Berg) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae), a biological control agent for waterhyacinth, were tested for differences in number of progeny, development time, and weight across average south Florida seasonal temperatures. Significant differences between the biotypes were found at summer temperatures. In general, progeny of the Paraguay biotype weighed more than those of the Argentine biotype during the summer.
Abstract IA17: Discovery of K-Ras inhibitors for the treatment of cancer

Aberrant activation of the small GTPase Ras by oncogenic mutation or constitutively active receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) results in the deregulation of cellular signals governing growth and survival in cancer. The guanine nucleotide exchange factor Son of Sevenless (SOS) catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the activation of Ras by exchanging GDP for GTP. SOS is therefore a key control point for the propagation of RTK and Ras signaling. Here we report the discovery of small molecules that bind to a unique pocket on the Ras:SOS:Ras complex, increase SOScat-catalyzed nucleotide exchange, and perturb Ras signaling pathways in cells. X-ray crystallographic studies of Ras:SOS:Ras complexed with these small molecules reveal that they bind in a hydrophobic pocket in the CDC25 domain of SOS adjacent to the Switch II region of Ras. The structure-activity relationships exhibited by these compounds can be rationalized on the basis of the x-ray structures of multiple co-complexes. In addition, structure-based mutational analyses indicate that this newly identified pocket is essential for compound activity. As predicted, these molecules increase Ras-GTP levels in cells. However, they unexpectedly inhibit MAPK and PI3K signaling. Our studies suggest a novel way to target K-Ras and offer possible starting points for the discovery of compounds that could be used to treat Ras-driven tumors. Citation Format: Stephen W. Fesik. Discovery of K-Ras inhibitors for the treatment of cancer. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on RAS Oncogenes: From Biology to Therapy; Feb 24-27, 2014; Lake Buena Vista, FL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Res 2014;12(12 Suppl):Abstract nr IA17. doi: 10.1158/1557-3125.RASONC14-IA17
A High-throughput Cell Microarray Platform for Correlative Analysis of Cell Differentiation and Traction Forces

Microfabricated cellular microarrays, which consist of contact-printed combinations of biomolecules on an elastic hydrogel surface, provide a tightly controlled, high-throughput engineered system for measuring the impact of arrayed biochemical signals on cell differentiation. Recent efforts using cell microarrays have demonstrated their utility for combinatorial studies in which many microenvironmental factors are presented in parallel. However, these efforts have focused primarily on investigating the effects of biochemical cues on cell responses. Here, we present a cell microarray platform with tunable material properties for evaluating both cell differentiation by immunofluorescence and biomechanical cell–substrate interactions by traction force microscopy. To do so, we have developed two different formats utilizing polyacrylamide hydrogels of varying Young's modulus fabricated on either microscope slides or glass-bottom Petri dishes. We provide best practices and troubleshooting for the fabrication of microarrays on these hydrogel substrates, the subsequent cell culture on microarrays, and the acquisition of data. This platform is well-suited for use in investigations of biological processes for which both biochemical (e.g., extracellular matrix composition) and biophysical (e.g., substrate stiffness) cues may play significant, intersecting roles.
Neonatal Episodic Laryngospasm Treated with Sodium Channel Blockers

Three male neonates with episodic laryngospasms responsive to sodium channel blockers are reported by researchers at centres in Lyon, Paris and Rennes, France.
Manifestations of HIV stigma and their impact on retention in care for people transitioning from prisons to communities

While most people living with HIV who are incarcerated in United States receive appropriate HIV care while they are in prison, interruptions in antiretroviral therapy and virologic failure are extremely common after they are released. The purpose of this study was to describe whether and how HIV stigma influences continuity of care for people living with HIV while they transition from prison to community settings. We conducted semi-structured, telephone-based interviews with 32 adults who received HIV care while residing in a Wisconsin state prison, followed by a second interview 6 months after they returned to their home community. Interview transcripts were analyzed by an interdisciplinary research team using conventional content analysis. We identified themes based on commonly-reported experiences that were characterized as internalized stigma, perceived stigma, vicarious stigma, or enacted stigma. All four forms of HIV stigma appeared to negatively influence participants’ engagement in community-based HIV care. Mechanisms described by participants included care avoidance due to concerns about HIV status disclosure and symptoms of depression and anxiety caused by internalized stigma. Supportive social relationships with clinic staff, professional case managers and supportive peers appeared to mitigate the impact of HIV stigma by increasing motivation for treatment adherence. HIV stigma is manifest in several different forms by people living with HIV who were recently incarcerated, and are perceived by patients to negatively influence their desire and ability to engage in HIV care. By being cognizant of the pervasive influence of HIV stigma on the lives of criminal justice involved adults, HIV care providers and clinical support staff can ameliorate important barriers to optimal HIV care for a vulnerable group of patients.
Building forensics in: supporting the investigation of digital criminal activities (invited talk)

Logging mechanisms that capture detailed traces of user activity, including creating, reading, updating, and deleting (CRUD) data, facilitate meaningful forensic analysis following a security or privacy breach. However, software requirements often inadequately and inconsistently state 'what' user actions should be logged, thus hindering meaningful forensic analysis. In this talk, we will explore a variety of techniques for building a software system that supports forensic analysis. We will discuss systematic heuristics-driven and patterns-driven processes for identifying log events that must be logged based on user actions and potential accidental and malicious use, as described in natural language software artifacts. We then discuss systematic process for creating a black-box test suite for verifying the identified log events are logged. Using the results of executing the black-box test suite, we propose and evaluate a security metric for measuring the forensic-ability of user activity logs.
Genome Editing: Past, Present, and Future

The CRISPR-Cas genome editing tools have been adopted rapidly in the research community, and they are quickly finding applications in the commercial sector as well. Lest we lose track of the broader context, this Perspective presents a brief review of the history of the genome editing platforms and considers a few current technological issues. It then takes a very limited view into the future of this technology and highlights some of the societal issues that require examination and discussion.
Repurposing drugs to target the malaria parasite unfolding protein response

Drug resistant Plasmodium falciparum parasites represent a major obstacle in our efforts to control malaria, a deadly vector borne infectious disease. This situation creates an urgent need to find and validate new drug targets to contain the spread of the disease. Several genes associated with the unfolded protein response (UPR) including Glucose-regulated Protein 78 kDa (GRP78, also known as BiP) have been deemed potential drug targets. We explored the drug target potential of GRP78, a molecular chaperone that is a regulator of the UPR, for the treatment of P. falciparum parasite infection. By screening repurposed chaperone inhibitors that are anticancer agents, we showed that GRP78 inhibition is lethal to drug-sensitive and -resistant P. falciparum parasite strains in vitro. We correlated the antiplasmodial activity of the inhibitors with their ability to bind the malaria chaperone, by characterizing their binding to recombinant parasite GRP78. Furthermore, we determined the crystal structure of the ATP binding domain of P. falciparum GRP78 with ADP and identified structural features unique to the parasite. These data suggest that P. falciparum GRP78 can be a valid drug target and that its structural differences to human GRP78 emphasize potential to generate parasite specific compounds.
IDH1-R132H acts as a tumor suppressor in glioma via epigenetic up-regulation of the DNA damage response.

Patients with glioma whose tumors carry a mutation in isocitrate dehydrogenase 1 (IDH1 R132H ) are younger at diagnosis and live longer. IDH1 mutations co-occur with other molecular lesions, such as 1p/19q codeletion, inactivating mutations in the tumor suppressor protein 53 (TP53 ) gene, and loss-of-function mutations in alpha thalassemia/mental retardation syndrome X-linked gene ( ATRX ). All adult low-grade gliomas (LGGs) harboring ATRX loss also express the IDH1 R132H mutation. The current molecular classification of LGGs is based, partly, on the distribution of these mutations. We developed a genetically engineered mouse model harboring IDH1 R132H , TP53 and ATRX inactivating mutations, and activated NRAS G12V. Previously, we established that ATRX deficiency, in the context of wild-type IDH1, induces genomic instability, impairs nonhomologous end-joining DNA repair, and increases sensitivity to DNA-damaging therapies. In this study, using our mouse model and primary patient-derived glioma cultures with IDH1 mutations, we investigated the function of IDH1 R132H in the context of TP53 and ATRX loss. We discovered that IDH1 R132H expression in the genetic context of ATRX and TP53 gene inactivation (i) increases median survival in the absence of treatment, (ii) enhances DNA damage response (DDR) via epigenetic up-regulation of the ataxia-telangiectasia–mutated (ATM) signaling pathway, and (iii) elicits tumor radioresistance. Accordingly, pharmacological inhibition of ATM or checkpoint kinases 1 and 2, essential kinases in the DDR, restored the tumors’ radiosensitivity. Translation of these findings to patients with IDH1 132H glioma harboring TP53 and ATRX loss could improve the therapeutic efficacy of radiotherapy and, consequently, patient survival.
Utilizing Staff Incentives to Increase School-Wide Praise

The authors evaluated whether an incentive raffle increased teachers' use of written praise and appropriate student behavior. Participants included 93 staff members and 755 students at an elementar...
Live cell optical assay for precise characterization of receptors coupling to Gα12

Heterotrimeric G proteins are essential mediators of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) signalling to intracellular effectors. There is a considerable diversity of G protein subunits that channel signals initiated by GPCRs into specific outcome. In particular, mammalian genomes contain 16 conserved genes encoding G protein α subunits with unique properties. Of four Gα subfamilies (Gi/o, Gq, Gs and G12/13), members of the G12/13 group have received considerable attention for their roles in carcinogenesis. However, our ability to study activation of G12/13 by GPCRs with the power to distinguish between the two subunits is limited. Here, we present an adaptation of the bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET)-based assay to specifically monitor activity of Gα12 in living cells. In this kinetic assay, agonist-induced release of Venus-tagged Gβγ subunits from Gα12 is followed in real time using nano-luciferase (Nluc)-tagged BRET donor. Using this assay, we characterized bradykinin B2 receptor (BDKRB2) and found that the receptor couples to Gα12 in addition to Gαo, and Gαq, but not to Gαs. We demonstrated the utility of this assay to quantify rates of G protein activation and inactivation as well as performing dose-response studies while rank ordering signalling via individual Gα subunits. We further showed the utility of this assay to other GPCRs by demonstrating Gα12 coupling of cholecystokinin A receptor (CCKAR). Introduction of the Gα12-coupling BRET assay is expected to accelerate characterization of GPCR actions on this understudied G protein.
Genetic diversity of ten black walnut ( Juglans nigra L.) cultivars and construction of a mapping population

Black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) nut production stands on the brink of potentially great market expansion that can only be realized with significant genetic and horticultural improvement, such that commercial production becomes feasible. The goal of this study was to incorporate microsatellite/simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to genotype 11 cultivars and selections, and establish a mapping population from a cross of two cultivars, “Football” × “Sparrow.” Morphology of these two cultivars coupled with phylogenetic analysis supports the notion that a cross between them may yield desirable hybrids. Of the 51 SSR markers amplified, 23 were polymorphic and useful for genotyping. A selection mislabeled as “Mintyle” was definitively identified as “Mintle”; therefore, the number of cultivars was reduced to 10. Furthermore, seven of the 23 markers were used to identify 91 intraspecific hybrids (“Football” × “Sparrow”) resulting from open pollination, thereby establishing the first mapping population of black walnut using SSR markers.
Evaluation of pedestrian crossing-related crashes at undesignated midblock locations using structured crash data and report narratives

The present study intends to augment existing knowledge on pedestrian crossing behavior at non-intersection areas by analyzing crash data. The crash analysis was pivoted on the age and gender of an...
Lifestyle of Ancient Maruthaa People

The life of the ancient Tamil people belonging to various community groups is based upon five different land forms. Their life is based on the Mountains, later they created new forest land and developed that forest in to Paalai and Neydhal field in their respective highs and lows. The people those lived in Paalai and Neydhal were the leaders of that particular land. Similarly, Uzhavan and Uzathiyar were the leaders of the Marutham land. The ancient literature also depicts that there were other people belonging to Kalamar, Thozhuvar, Mallar, Kambalar, Vinaingar, Uzhavar, Kadaingar, Kilainger, Sidhalar and Mezhiyar lived in the Marutham land. This article mainly focuses on the lifestyle, cultural movements and occupations of the ancient people and also tries to find out if there is any discrimination based on the casteism among the ancient population.
Network Reconstruction from a Single Information Cascade.

Network representation provides a natural framework for the study of real world complex systems. In many cases, however, a faithful network representation that captures the interaction between individual components is not readily available. With enough data such interactions can be uncovered, but most real-world phenomena manifest in the form of a single cascade of infections or behaviors (more generally referred to as information) that percolates through the network. This problem can be represented as reconstructing a network where node states are visible as they reach a certain threshold. In this paper, we model an information cascade as the step response of a linear time invariant (LTI) directed network of nodes having first order dynamics. This simple representation allows us to solve for individual nodal parameters and the associated combinations of edges using data from a single perturbation. As expected, we obtain more than one valid network solutions that are able to recreate the response. We therefore evaluate the dependence of the number of valid network solutions on the amount of prior knowledge about node dynamics or connectivity. This is particularly relevant in situations where the experimenter may be able to generalize nodal dynamics or local topology within a network. Our results indicate that the number of solutions can be greatly reduced provided some knowledge of nodal parameters and network topology is available.
Adsorptive desulfurization of thiophene over Ti0.9Ce0.1O2 mixed oxide: A mechanistic study on the basis of XPS, in-situ FT-IR and TPD characterizations

Abstract The adsorption of thiophenic compounds over Ti0.9Ce0.1O2, an oxidatively regenerable sulfur adsorbent, was studied by XPS, DRIFT, and TPD-MS. Effect of the oxidative pretreatment on thiophene adsorption over Ti0.9Ce0.1O2 adsorbent, the adsorption site for thiophenic compound, and the role of surface Ce and Ti cations in the adsorptive desulfurization (ADS) were investigated. The results suggest that the surface oxygen plays an essential role in ADS and is a major active site for chemical adsorption of the thiophenic compounds. The surface Ce and Ti were further oxidized by the surface oxygen in the oxidative pretreatment, and then reduced during the adsorption of thiophenic compounds. This phenomenon is attributed to an electron transfer from the adsorbates to the surface Ce and Ti. It appears that the role of the surface Ce and Ti can accept electrons from adsorbate, and also contributes to producing the active oxygen to oxidize the sulfur atom of thiophenic compounds. An oxidative pretreatment, including oxidative regeneration, activates the surface oxygen to forms active oxygen species and oxidizes the surface Ce and Ti. Based on the results obtained, a possible mechanism was proposed for the chemical adsorption, dissociation and surface reaction of thiophene on Ti0.9Ce0.1O2 mixed metal oxide adsorbent.
Efficient Quasi-Phase Matched Xe-Filled Hollow-Core Fiber OPA

We present numerical analysis of a unique quasi-phase matched (QPM) fiber optical parametric amplifier enabling long interaction and high conversion efficiency. QPM is accomplished by wrapping the xenon filled hollow-core fiber around a cylindrical, periodic electrode.
Direct Comparison of In-Person Versus Virtual Interviews for Complex General Surgical Oncology Fellowship in the COVID-19 Era

In the era of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), many Complex General Surgical Oncology (CGSO) fellowship programs implemented virtual interviews (VI) during the 2020 interview season. At our institution, we had the unique opportunity to conduct an in-person interview (IPI) prior to the pandemic-related travel restrictions, and a VI after the restrictions were in place. The goal of this study was to understand how the VI model compares with the traditional IPI approach. Online surveys were distributed to both groups, collecting feedback on their interview experience. Responses were evaluated using a two-sample t test assuming equal variances. Twenty-three of 26 (88%) applicants completed the survey. Most applicants reported that the interview gave them a satisfactory understanding of the CGSO fellowship (100% IPI, 92% VI) and the majority in both groups felt that the interview experience allowed them to accurately represent themselves (92% and 82%, respectively). All participants in the IPI group felt they were able to get an adequate understanding of the culture of the program, while only 64% in the VI group agreed with that statement (p = 0.02). IPI applicants were more likely to agree that the interview experience was sufficient to allow them to make a ranking decision (92% vs. 54%; p = 0.04). While the VI modality offers several advantages over the IPI, it still falls short in conveying some of the more subjective aspects of the programs, including program culture. Strategies to provide applicants with better insight into these areas during the VI will be important moving forward.
ABCL-078: Clinicopathological Features of Double-Hit and Double-Expressor Lymphomas in Hispanics Versus Non-Hispanics in Central California

Context: Double-hit lymphoma (DHL) and double-expressor lymphoma (DEL) are subtypes of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) with limited studies investigating if any variations within ethnic groups exist. Objective: To determine if differences in incidence and outcome between Hispanics and non-Hispanics in DHL and DEL exist. Design: Retrospective, single-center study analyzing patients diagnosed between the years 2013-2017. Source: Community Medical Centers Cancer Registry in Fresno, CA. Setting: Academic-affiliated community hospital. Patients or other participants: Patients greater than 18 years old diagnosed with DHL or DEL. Primary CNS lymphoma excluded. Main outcome measures: Incidence, 2-year progression free survival (PFS), 2-year overall survival (OS) in Hispanics vs non-Hispanics Results: Among 168 patients with DLBCL, 24 patients met criteria (n=10 DHL, n=14 DEL). In DHL, median age 62.5 (range 55-76), germinal center (GC) origin in 7 (70%), stage IV disease in 9 (90%), high-intermediate/high international prognostic score (IPI) in 9 (90%), 5 were Hispanics (50%). 8 patients (80%) underwent intensive induction therapy (REPOCH, RICE, R HyperCVAD). 5 achieved complete remission (CR). Incidence was 11.2 per 100 new cases of DLBCL in Hispanics versus 4.2 in non-Hispanics with an odds ratio of 2.76 (p=0.14). 2-year PFS 80% and 2-year OS 80% in Hispanics versus 40% and 40% (p=0.42), respectively, in non-Hispanics. In DEL, median age 70 (range 47-91), GC origin in 6 (42.9%), stage IV disease in 7 (50%), high-intermediate/high IPI in 10 (71.4%), 3 were Hispanics (31.4%). 6 patients (42.9%) received REPOCH with 5 achieving CR. 6 patients received RCHOP, 2 of them only achieved CR. In Hispanics, the incidence was 6.6 versus 9.5 in non-Hispanics with odds ratio of 0.682 (p=0.76). 2-year PFS was 67% and 2-year OS was 67% in Hispanics versus 45.4% and 54.5% (p=0.38) in non-Hispanics. Conclusion: In our study population, there is a trend towards increased incidence rate of DHL in Hispanics compared to non-Hispanics. 2-year PFS and OS in Hispanics in both DHL and DEL subtypes were numerically higher but did not reach statistical significance due to small sample size. Further evaluation with larger sample size is warranted.
Perceptions of Medical Providers on Morality and Decision-Making Capacity in Withholding and Withdrawing Life-Sustaining Treatment and Suicide

This study attempts to understand if medical providers beliefs about the moral permissibility of honoring patient-directed refusals of life-sustaining treatment (LST) are tied to their beliefs abou...
Female Fem(me)ininities

SUMMARY This article critiques the historical authentication and political legitimization of exclusively masculinized dyke identities within lesbian subcultures. Seeking to create a new analysis of performative femininity, it explores the specificity of historical and contemporary femme gender transgression and offers positionalities from which to perceive femme practices and identities as politically subversive.
Scalable integration of solid state quantum memories into a photonic network

Single nitrogen vacancy centers in nanostructured diamond form high quality nodes integrated into low-loss photonic circuitry, enabling on-chip detection and signal manipulation. Pre-selection provides near-unity yield. Long coherence times are demonstrated in integrated nodes.
Introduction to seismology

This third edition provides a concise yet approachable introduction to seismic theory, designed as a first course for graduate students or advanced undergraduate students. It clearly explains the fundamental concepts, emphasizing intuitive understanding over lengthy derivations, and outlines the different types of seismic waves and how they can be used to resolve Earth structure and understand earthquakes. New material and updates have been added throughout, including ambient noise methods, shear-wave splitting, back-projection, migration and velocity analysis in reflection seismology, earthquake rupture directivity, and fault weakening mechanisms. A wealth of both reworked and new examples, review questions and computer-based exercises in MATLAB®/Python give students the opportunity to apply the techniques they have learned to compute results of interest and to illustrate Earth's seismic properties. More advanced sections, which are not needed to understand the other material, are flagged so that instructors or students pressed for time can skip them.
Isolation and characterization of mutations in the HXK2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Abstract Several hundred new mutations in the gene (HXK2) encoding hexokinase II of Saccharomyces cerevisiae were isolated, and a subset of them was mapped, resulting in a fine-structure genetic map. Among the mutations that were sequenced, 35 were independent missense mutations. The mutations were obtained by mutagenesis of cloned HXK2 DNA carried on a low-copy-number plasmid vector and screened for a number of different phenotypes in yeast strains bearing chromosomal hxk1 and hxk2 null mutations. Some of these mutants were characterized both in vivo and in vitro; they displayed a wide spectrum of residual hexokinase activities, as indicated by three assays: in vitro enzyme activity, ability to grow on glucose and fructose, and ability to repress invertase production when growing on glucose. Of those that failed to support growth on fructose, only a small minority made normal-size, stable, and inactive protein. Analysis of the amino acid changes in these mutants in light of the crystallographically determined three-dimensional structure of hexokinase II suggests important roles in structure or catalysis for six amino acid residues, only two of which are near the active site.
Hypogonadism associated with long-term opioid therapy: A systematic review

Background: Sexual dysfunction and Opioid-Induced Sexual Hormone Deficiency (OPISHD) have been associated with patients on long-term opioid pain therapy. There have been few comprehensive reviews to establish a relation between hypogonadism with chronic opioid pain management. The OPISHD is often not treated and literature guiding this topic is scarce. Objective: To investigate hypogonadism associated with long-term opioid therapy based on qualitative data analysis of the available literature. Study design: Systematic review. Interventions: The review included relevant literature identified through searches of PubMed, Cochrane, Clinical Trials, US National Guideline Clearinghouse, and EMBASE, for the years 1960 to September 2013. The quality assessment and clinical relevance criteria used were the Cochrane Musculoskeletal Review Group Criteria for randomized control trials and the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale Criteria for observational studies. The level of evidence was classified as good, fair, and poor, based on the quality of evidence. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome measures were clinical symptoms and laboratory markers of hypogonadism. Secondary outcome measure was management of OPISHD. Results: Thirty-one studies were identified, of which 14 studies met inclusion criteria. There were no randomized control trials and eight of 14 studies were of moderate quality. The remaining studies were of poor quality. Four studies report most patients on long-term oral opioid therapy have associated hypogonadism and three studies of patients receiving intrathecal opioid therapy suggest that hypogonadism is common. Conclusions: There is lack of high-quality studies to associate chronic opioid pain management with hypogonadism. At present, there is fair evidence to associate hypogonadism with chronic opioid pain management, and only limited evidence for treatment of OPISHD.
Photon Detectors for Confocal Microscopy

In its most general form, confocal microscopy encompasses all optical techniques whose illumination and detection scheme examines each point in an object in the absence of interfering information from neighboring points. Recently the technique has expanded to encompass not only morphology but also disciplines as far afield as physiology, spectroscopy, fluorescence lifetime analysis, and even DNA sequencing. As a result, the requirements and design constraints on appropriate detection systems are as varied as the fields to which the technique is applied.
Maximal Surface Area of a Convex Set in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) with Respect to Log Concave Rotation Invariant Measures

It was shown by K. Ball and F. Nazarov, that the maximal surface area of a convex set in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) with respect to the Standard Gaussian measure is of order \(n^{\frac{1} {4} }\). In the present paper we establish the analogous result for all rotation invariant log concave probability measures. We show that the maximal surface area with respect to such measures is of order \(\frac{\sqrt{n}} {\root{4}\of{\mathit{Var}\vert X\vert }\sqrt{\mathbb{E}\vert X\vert }}\), where X is a random vector in \(\mathbb{R}^{n}\) distributed with respect to the measure.
Transient Transfection with γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GGCS) Light chain cDNA augments stably enhanced GGCS activities of Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO) cells † 1005

Transient Transfection with γ-Glutamylcysteine synthetase (GGCS) Light chain cDNA augments stably enhanced GGCS activities of Chinese Hamster Ovary(CHO) cells † 1005
Guest editorial: 20th international meshing roundtable special issue

The 20th International Meshing Roundtable (IMR) committee is pleased to publish the special journal edition of the 20th IMR conference held on October 23–26, 2011 in Paris, France. Sandia National Laboratories started the IMR conference series in 1992 as a small meeting of likeminded companies and organizations striving to establish a common focus for research and development in the field of mesh and grid generation. Sandia National Laboratories continues to organize the IMR, which has become recognized as an international focal point annually attended by researchers and developers from dozens of countries around the world. The 20th IMR is the first time the conference was held outside the US territory, which resulted in a significant increase in participation from European countries. The 20th IMR included researchers and developers from academia, national labs and industry in a stimulating, open environment to share technical information related to mesh generation and general pre-processing techniques. The 20th IMR was one of the best attended with 54 papers submitted, among which 34 papers were accepted. The committee invited the top 10 papers with best reviews to submit their work for this special issue, and 9 papers eventually appeared in this special issue. The papers in this volume present theoretical and novel ideas and algorithms with practical potential in computational engineering, geometric modeling, and computer graphics. These papers highlight some of the latest advances in these areas in research and industrial settings. We would like to thank the authors, the reviewers, and the publishing staff for their efforts to make this special journal issue possible.
Photopolymerization and structure formation of methacrylic acid based hydrogels: The effect of light intensity

Poly(methacrylic acid) (PMAA)-based pH-sensitive hydrogels are widely used for biomedical and pharmaceutical fields because of their unique swelling properties and highly hydrated structure. To better serve various applications, it is necessary to have a thorough understanding of the reaction mechanism and the structure formation of synthesized hydrogels. In this study, the PMAA hydrogels crosslinked with tri(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate (TEGDMA) were synthesized using free radical photopolymerization in a water/ethanol mixture. The effect of light intensity on the reaction kinetics and structure formation was addressed through a series of analytical methods, including photo-differential scanning calorimetry (PhotoDSC), photo-rheometry, and dynamic light scattering (DLS) goniometry. The copolymerization of the photocurable MAA/TEGDMA system was enhanced as the light intensity increased at low resin conversion. However, the light intensity decreased the reaction rate at high resin conversion. The use of a high light intensity significantly shortened the reaction time to reach macrogelation and increased the swelling ratio of formed hydrogels, which can be explained by the relative rates of intra- and intermolecular reactions during the microstructure formation.