cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
High-speed compulsator stator thermal management

The compulsator stator armature winding includes multiple conductor layers. Each conductor layer is made of insulation wraps and transposed aluminum litz wire bundles with epoxy potting compound between the wires and the wire bundles. For a typical pulse-duty application, based on a room-temperature electrical loss calculation, the temperature rise in the aluminum winding is approximately 30/spl deg/C per shot. Adequate active cooling must be provided such that the stator insulation can survive thermally under a certain pulse repetition rate. As a result of the low equivalent thermal conductivities of the stator winding in the transverse direction, without compromising the overall structural integrity of the winding, the coolant passages have to be allocated as close as possible to the heat sources. For a given electric gun firing mission, four different cooling configurations have been investigated and analyzed by using water ethylene glycol mixture as an active liquid coolant. In this paper, thermal analysis cooling parameters, transient stator winding temperature distributions, and hot-spot temperature histories are presented, discussed, and compared.
A de novo 1p34.2 microdeletion identifies the synaptic vesicle gene RIMS3 as a novel candidate for autism

Background A child with autism and mild microcephaly was found to have a de novo 3.3 Mb microdeletion on chromosome 1p34.2p34.3. The hypothesis is tested that this microdeletion contains one or more genes that underlie the autism phenotype in this child and in other children with autism spectrum disorders. Methods To search for submicroscopic chromosomal rearrangements in the child, array comparative genomic hybridisation (aCGH) was performed using a 19 K whole genome human bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) array and the Illumina 610-Quad BeadChip microarray. Ingenuity pathway analysis (IPA) was used to construct functional biological networks to identify candidate autism genes. To identify putative functional variants in candidate genes, mutation screening was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based Sanger sequencing in 512 unrelated autism patients and 462 control subjects. Results A de novo 3.3 Mb deletion containing w43 genes in chromosome 1p34.2p34.3 was identified and subsequently confirmed using fluorescence in situ
The occurrence of the protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis in the adults and eggs of the cecal worm Heterakis gallinae.

SYNOPSIS. Females of Heterakis gallinae were separated on the basis of their capacity to transmit the protozoan parasite Histomonas meleagridis. Sections of worms, capable of transmitting the protozoon, revealed the organism in both males and females as well as in the eggs. Infected male worms contained histomonads in the gut wall and the wall and lumen of the reproductive system. Female worms infected with H. meleagridis showed the organisms throughout the reproductive system. Histomonads, found in uterine eggs possessing shells, had a larger nucleus and reduced cytoplasm. Because of the presence of the protozoon among the sperm in the male reproductive system, it is believed the organism can be transmitted to female worms through copulation. The cycle in the worms also supports the assumption that H. meleagridis was originally a parasite of the worm.
What to read? With whom to work? Where to publish? — Scientific techniques for organizing and conducting engineering research

There are an ever more rapidly increasing number of design and CAD conference and journal papers. In particular, there are also a large number of design researchers (paper authors) and a large number of microelectronics conferences. Significant government and industrial funding and even higher research effort is allocated to a great variety of topics. While some researchers keep changing collaborators, others maintain steady collaborations. The return on financial and human investment is sometimes spectacular but often minimal or none. Our conceptual aim is to help microelectronics researchers, students, designers, and managers better organize their professional activities. Our practical objective is to address some of the essential productivity questions for microelectronics researchers, including what papers to read, where to publish, and with whom to collaborate. Our scientific goal is to develop statistically sound technique that guide actions of highly successful microelectronics researchers, which we define for the purpose of this paper as ones that are the authors of the most cited papers. We show that one can surprisingly accurately predict the number of citations for a paper at the time of its publishing by considering factors such as citation factors of the authors and the quality of a conference or a journal. Interestingly, highly cited coauthors rarely improve the citation record of their collaborators.
Low-Frequency Variability in a Turbulent Baroclinic Jet: Eddy–Mean Flow Interactions in a Two-Level Model

Abstract The origin of low-frequency variability in the midlatitude jet is investigated using a two-level baroclinic channel model. The model state fields are separated into slow and fast components using intermediate time- scale averaging. In the equation for the fast variables the nonlinear wave–wave interactions are parameterized as a stochastic excitation. The slowly varying ensemble mean eddy fluxes obtained from the resulting stochastic turbulence model are coupled with the slowly varying mean flow dynamics. This forms a coupled set of deterministic equations on the slow time scale that governs the dynamics of the eddy–mean flow interaction. The equilibria of this coupled system are found as a function of the excitation strength, which controls the level of turbulence. At low levels of turbulence the equilibrated flow with zonally symmetric mean forcing remains zonally symmetric, but as excitation increases it undergoes zonal symmetry-breaking bifurcations. Time-dependent flows arising from these bi...
Solving a file assignment problem with a genetic plan

A genetic plan has been applied to the central server computer network file assignment problem. Throughput of the network is calculated for each file assignment produced by the genetic algorithm. Crossover and mutation are performed on individuals in accordance with their throughput.Various methods of representing and interpreting individuals as file assignments have been attempted. The effect of scaling, and time and space efficiency are addressed. The genetic plan quickly produces file assignments which are near optimal with regard to throughput of the network.
High-Throughput Selection of Effective RNAi Probes for Gene Silencing

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process of sequence-specific posttranscriptional gene silencing mediated by double-stranded RNA. RNAi has recently emerged as a powerful genetic tool to analyze gene function in mammalian cells. The power of this method is limited however, by the uncertainty in predicting the efficacy of small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) in silencing a gene. This has imposed serious limitations not only for small-scale but also for high-throughput RNAi screening initiatives in mammalian systems. We have developed a reliable and quantitative approach for the rapid and efficient identification of the most effective siRNA against any gene. The efficacy of siRNA sequences is monitored by their ability to reduce the expression of cognate target-reporter fusions with easily quantified readouts. Finally, using micro array-based cell transfections, we demonstrate an unlimited potential of this approach in high-throughput screens for identifying effective siRNA probes for silencing genes in mammalian systems. This approach is likely to have implications in the use of RNAi as a reverse genetic tool for analyzing mammalian gene function on a genome-wide scale.
Network reconnaissance, attack, and defense laboratories for an introductory cyber-security course

Cyber-security is an area in which much curriculum development is taking place; it is important that such efforts be evaluated and shared. We describe three laboratories developed at the United States Naval Academy (USNA) for use in its fundamentals of cyber-security course. All three labs are conducted in a sandboxed virtual environment. Detailed instructor notes, student instructions, worksheets, grading guidance and supporting course software were developed for these labs. In this paper we share our experiences with these labs, assessment and evaluation material, and lessons learned so that others might benefit from our work.
A NEW FAMILY FOR A NEW GENUS AND NEW SPECIES OF HERMIT CRAB OF THE SUPERFAMILY PAGUROIDEA (DECAPODA: ANOMURA) AND ITS PHYLOGENETIC IMPLICATIONS

Abstract A new family, Pylojacquesidae, is proposed for Pylojacquesia colemani, new genus and species. Although the new family, with its monotypic genus, exhibits characters of both superfamilies of the Section Paguridea, it is tentatively assigned to the Paguroidea until additional material becomes available that would permit a more detailed study. The new family Pylojacquesidae is diagnosed, and its type genus and species are described and illustrated. The possible phylogenetic relationships of the new genus are discussed. A key to all the families of hermit crabs is presented.
Resolving relationships within the palm subfamily Arecoideae (Arecaceae) using plastid sequences derived from next-generation sequencing

Premise of the study Several studies have incorporated molecular and morphological data to study the phylogeny of the palms (Arecaceae), but some relationships within the family remain ambiguous-particularly those within Arecoideae, the most diverse subfamily including coconut and oil palm. Here, two next-generation, targeted plastid-enrichment methods were compared and used to elucidate Arecoideae phylogeny. Methods Next-generation sequencing techniques were used to generate a plastid genome data set. Long range PCR and hybrid gene capture were used to enrich for chloroplast targets. Ten taxa were enriched using both methods for comparison. Chloroplast sequence data were generated for 31 representatives of the 14 Arecoideae tribes and five outgroup taxa. The phylogeny was reconstructed using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony, and Bayesian analyses. Key results Long range PCR and hybrid gene capture both enriched the plastid genome and provided similar sequencing coverage. Subfamily Arecoideae was resolved as monophyletic with tribe Chamaedoreeae as the earliest-diverging lineage, implying that the development of flowers in triads defines a synapomorphy for the Arecoideae clade excluding Chamaedoreeae. Three major clades within this group were recovered: Roystoneeae/Reinhardtieae/Cocoseae (RRC), Areceae/Euterpeae/Geonomateae/Leopoldinieae/Manicarieae/Pelagodoxeae (core arecoids), and Podococceae/Oranieae/Sclerospermeae (POS). An Areceae + Euterpeae clade was resolved within the core arecoids. The POS clade was sister to a RRC + core arecoids clade, implying a shared ancestral area in South America for these three clades. Conclusions The plastome phylogeny recovered here provides robust resolution of previously ambiguous studies and new insights into palm evolution.
The deterioration of driving performance over time in drivers with untreated sleep apnea

Sleep apnea increases risk of driving crashes when left untreated. This study examined the driving performance decrements of untreated, undiagnosed sleep apnea drivers compared with healthy controls in a monotonous highway driving simulator task. It was hypothesized that the sleep apnea group would perform worse during a driving simulator test compared with the control group. A significant group by time interaction occurred indicating that sleep apnea participants’ performance degraded more quickly over the course of the drive. In contrast with previous studies, this sleep apnea group did not include sleep disorder center patients, but rather community volunteers whose screening indicated a significant apnea/hypopnea index of 15 or greater. There may be inherent differences between patients and nonpatients with sleep apnea, as patients may have a more significant impact on their quality of life, causing them to seek treatment. Still, the results are clear that although the sleep apnea group drove similarly to the control group at the start of the drive, they are sensitive to time on task effects. These results support the need to diagnose and treat sleep apnea.
Treponeme outer envelope: chemical analysis.

SummaryThe chemical composition of the outer envelope (OE) of Treponema phagedenis biovar Kazan 5 was investigated. After cultivation in a lipid-defined medium, the OE was removed from the cells with 0.7 mM sodium dodecyl sulfate. The solubilized OE was reaggregated by dialysis against 20 mM MgCl2, washed, lyophilized, and subjected to chemical analysis. The average yield of OE was 14.6% of the whole cell (WC) dry weight. The magnesium content was 0.683 μg/mg OE. Peptidoglycan components such as muramic acid and ornithine were detected in the WC but not in the OE, and diaminopimelic acid was absent in both WC and OE. The OE contained protein (60-73%), carbohydrate (1-2%), and lipid (4-5%), primarily polar lipid. The major polar lipids were monogalactosyldiglyceride (43%) and phospholipid (57%), of which phosphatidylcholine was the main phospholipid component, with phosphati-dylethanolamine present in lesser amounts.This study was supported by Public Health Service Grant AI 08124 from the National Institut...
Role of pairing in the description of giant monopole resonances

We compare the results obtained in the framework of the quasiparticle random-phase approximation on top of a Hartree-Fock-Bogoliubov with the most recent experiments on giant monopole resonances in Pb, Sn, Zr, Sm, Mo, and Cd. Our calculations are fully self-consistent and the density dependence of pairing interactions is, for the first time in this framework, properly taken into account. In the particle-hole (ph) channel we employ different Skyrme functionals (SLy5, SkM* and Skxs20) while in the particle-particle (pp) channel we make use of density-dependent contact interactions. We introduce in the pp channel the recently proposed contact interactions which take into account the neutron-proton asymmetry. We find that no single parametrization is able to reproduce with sufficient accuracy all the nuclei. Since about two-thirds of the nuclei under investigation are better explained with a soft parametrization, this tends to suggest that the currently accepted picture for the incompressibility might require modifications.
Genetic constraints on the independent evolution of male and female reproductive characters in the tristylous plant Lythrum salicaria

Here we test whether the potential exists for the independent evolution of allocation to male, female, and attractive functions within a flower. We employed half-sib and parent-offspring regression methods in the tristylous plant Lythrum salicaria to determine whether there is additive genetic variation for characters important to male and female reproductive success and whether genetic correlations could constrain the independent evolution of male and female function. Although significance levels were not consistent among morph types or between populations, there were significant narrow-sense heritabilities for several traits including stamen mass, pistil mass, perianth mass, petal length, and calyx length. Traits that might be under strong stabilizing selection to promote specific pollen transfer, such as stamen and style lengths, had little heritable variation. In the majority of cases in which heritable variation was present, there were positive genetic correlations among floral traits. A strong positive genetic correlation appeared between stamen and pistil mass in the short-styled morph from one of the populations studied. This suggests that selection might not be able to act independently on biomass allocation to male and female flower parts. No evidence of negative genetic correlations appeared that would suggest trade-offs and that could augment a selection response towards sexual specialization. The observed positive correlations could be explained if we consider the "functional architecture" that underlies the covariance structure. If there is more covariance generated by pleiotropic loci controlling overall flower size than at loci controlling male versus female allocation, it could result in the observed positive covariance. At the phenotypic level, we did find significant negative partial correlations between male and female traits when flower size was controlled, but these trade-offs were among rather than within morphs.
A Parent's Tears: Primary Results from the Traumatic Experiences and Resiliency Study

This study examined health/mental health status, family functioning, and resiliency among a sample of bereaved parents (N = 503). Participants were recruited from an online support community to complete an online survey instrument (response rate = 51.75%). The questionnaire contained an array of self-report instruments, such as the Hopkins Symptoms Checklist-25 (HSCL-25), the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R), and the Family Assessment Device (FAD), as well as open-ended questions. Many respondents scored over the clinical cut-off for the HSCL-25 (51.3%, n = 258) and IES-R (42.3%, n = 213). IES-R scores were negatively correlated with years-since loss (r = −0.24, p < .05). In narrative responses, participants described a wide range of deeply impactful mental and physical health problems. The results indicate significant clinical distress in this sample of bereaved parents, with many reporting enduring psychological, familial, and health consequences following the death of a child.
Abstract 618: Rhodiola rosea L. extract, SHR-5, and metformin exhibit potent activity against bladder carcinogenesis in the UPII-mutant Ha-ras transgenic model.

The incidence of human urinary bladder cancer increases markedly with age, suggesting a mechanistic connection between aging and bladder carcinogenesis and a potential use of anti-aging agents in bladder cancer chemoprevention. Rhodiola rosea, growing in high altitude or cold regions of the world, has been reported to have anti-aging effects in Drosophila. Metformin, a popular anti-diabetics drug, has also shown anti-aging effect in mice. In addition, both agents have been shown to inhibit the mTOR pathway. Therefore, we examined the effect of SHR-5 and Metformin on bladder carcinogenesis in the UPII-mutant Ha-ras transgenic mouse bladder model. This model mimics human papillary transitional cell carcinoma and exhibits enhanced mTOR activity in the bladder tumors. The homozygous mutant Ha-ras transgenic mice were identified through genotyping using Southern blotting analysis. 0.625% SHR-5 or 0.1% Metformin in drinking water was given to the mice starting at 6 weeks of age and ending at 6 months of age. About 42% of homozygous mutant Ha-ras male transgenic mice which drank normal water died of urinary tract obstruction and hydronephrosis within 6 months of age, while more than 93% and 89% of mice which drank SHR-5 or Metformin containing water survived. The mean bladder weights in male mice drinking SHR-5 or Metformin decreased by 69% and 62%, respectively, compared to control group (Bladder weights for mice drinking normal water versus SHR-5 or Metformin are 0.3382± 0.061versus 0.1278± 0.02 or 0.1053±0.015 gram, P=0.0197 or 0.0082). The mean bladder weights in female mice which drank SHR-5 or Metformin containing water also decreased by about 40% or 39.8 %, respectively, compared to those which drank normal water (Bladder weights for normal water versus SHR-5 or Metformin: 0.07149 ±0.0036 versus 0.04301 ±0.0032 or 0.04295±0.0115 gram, P
A Sex Attractant in the Tobacco Budworm

Tests were conducted in laboratory and outdoor cages during 1962 and 1963 at Oxford, N. C., to determine the presence of a sex attractant in the tobacco budworm, Heliothis virescens (F). In the 1962 tests, males of all ages were caught in traps with virgin females just prior to dawn, but virgin females were at least 4 days old before they attracted males. In 1963, traps containing ether extracts of whole virgin females or a hexane extract of the last 2 abdominal segments at the rate of 4 and 8 virgin female equivalents caught about the same numbers of males.
Flow characteristics of open vessels in zone 1 rabbit lungs.

To describe the flow characteristics of vessels open in zone 1, we perfused isolated rabbit lungs with Tyrode's solution containing 1% albumin, 4% dextran, and papaverine (0.05 mg/ml). Lungs were e...
Limits to soil carbon stability; Deep, ancient soil carbon decomposition stimulated by new labile organic inputs

Carbon (C) buried deep in soil (below 1 m) is often hundreds to thousands of years old, though the stability and sensitivity of this deep C to environmental change are not well understood. We examined the C dynamics in three soil horizons and their responses to changes in substrate availability in a coarse-textured sandy spodosol (0.0–0.1, 1.0–1.3, and 2.7–3.0 m deep). Substrate additions were intended to mimic an increase in root exudates and available inorganic nitrogen (N) that would follow an increase of belowground biomass at depth, as previously found in a long-term CO2 enrichment experiment at this site. We incubated these soils for 60 days with glucose, alanine, and leaf litter, crossed with an inorganic N amendment equivalent to three times ambient concentrations. The organic substrates were isotopically labeled (13C), allowing us to determine the source of mineralized C and assess the priming effect. Enzyme activity increased as much as 13 times in the two deeper horizons (1.0–1.3, and 2.7–3.0 m) after the addition of the organic substrates, even though the deepest horizon had microbial biomass and microbial phospholipid fatty acids below the level of detection before the experiment. The deepest horizon (2.7–3.0 m) yielded the largest priming response under alanine, indicating that microorganisms in these soil horizons can become active in response to input of organic substrates. Inorganic N amendments significantly decreased the priming effect, suggesting that decomposition may not be N limited. However, alanine (organic N) yielded the highest priming effect at every soil depth, indicating the importance of differentiating effect of organic and inorganic N on decomposition. Distinct priming effects with depth suggest that portions of the soil profile can respond differently to organic inputs. Our findings indicate that the deep soil C pools might be more vulnerable to environmental or anthropogenic change than previously thought, potentially influencing net CO2 exchange estimates between the land and the atmosphere.
A Method for Predicting Temperature Profiles in Gas Lift Wells

A method(GLTP)is proposed to predict temperature profiles in gas lift wells.The method is derived in two procedures;The first is derived a model for predicting flowing temperature profiles for the simultaneous,upward flow of liquid and gas in a wellbore from the flow basic equation;The second is to consider the effect of the injecting gas on the fluid temperature in the tubing.If there is no in- jecting gas,the method can be used to predict temperature profiles in flowig wells. Comparing the values predicted by GLTP with 133 measured temperature values from 13 flowing wells of the Jianghan oilfield et a[ indicates that GLTP perform as well as Sagar method which is the best method among presented methods for flow- ing wells,and compariing the GLTP values with 25 measured temperature values from 3 gas lift wells-the average error is 6.64%,average absolute error is 14.75%,standard error is 21.69.
Harnessing structural hierarchy to design stiff and lightweight phononic crystals

Abstract In this letter we report a class of hierarchically architected honeycombs in which structural hierarchy can be exploited to achieve prominent wave attenuation and load-carrying capabilities. The hierarchically architected honeycombs can exhibit broad and multiple phononic band gaps. The mechanisms responsible for these band gaps depend on the geometric features of the hierarchical honeycombs rather than their composition. Furthermore, the introduction of structural hierarchy also endows the hierarchical honeycombs with enhanced stiffness. We predict that the proposed hierarchical honeycombs can realize a unique combination of wave attenuation and load-carrying capabilities, thereby providing opportunities to design lightweight and stiff phononic crystals for various engineering applications.
Myosin-mediated vesicular transport in the extruded cytoplasm of characean algae cells.

Publisher Summary This chapter describes a stable and reproducible, in vitro, experimental system that facilitates the study of myosin and actin-based organelle movement, using video and electron microscopy of extruded cytoplasm of the giant cells of the characean algae. This assay determines that the characean algal cytoplasm displays at least two myosin-mediated organelle movements. One population of vesicles moves along actin bundles at an average speed of 11μm s-1, while the other vesicle class is translocated at velocities up to 60 μm s-1. On the basis of three-dimensional reconstruction of the cytoplasm obtained by fast-freeze electron microscopy, it is predicted that the myosin-dependent movements of the endoplasmic reticulum in these cells are responsible for the streaming of the whole cytoplasm. Chara corallina and Nitella flexilis are two of the most commonly used characean algae and are easy to maintain. Organelles moving along actin bundles can be visualized, using differential interference contrast (DIC) optics via conventional Koehler illumination, fiberoptic illumination, or critical illumination. The extruded cytoplasm contains areas where actin bundles and vesicular organelles are the only components present.
The normal pulmonary vascular transition at birth.

To fully understand the pathophysiology of the infant with congenital diaphragmatic hernia, it is important first to understand the multiple processes involved in the normal pulmonary vascular transition at birth. This article reviews the embryogenesis of the pulmonary vasculature, including angiogenesis and vasculogenesis, and the possible role that growth factors, growth inhibitors, and mechanical forces have in the normal development of the pulmonary vasculature. Also described are the multiple vasoactive substances that modulate pulmonary vascular tone in the fetus, and stimuli and agents that initiate and mediate the transition at birth.
Tuning the Kinetic Water Stability and Adsorption Interactions of Mg-MOF-74 by Partial Substitution with Co or Ni

Varying amounts of Co and Ni were substituted into the metal–organic framework Mg-MOF-74 via a one-pot solvothermal reaction, and the effects of these substitutions on CO2 adsorption and kinetic water stability properties were examined. Based on elemental analyses, Co and Ni are more favorably incorporated into the MOF-74 framework from solution than Mg. In addition, reaction temperature more strongly impacts the final metal composition in these mixed-metal (MM) MOF-74 structures than does the reaction solvent composition. Single-component CO2 adsorption isotherms were measured for the MM-MOF-74 systems at 5, 25, and 45 °C, and isosteric heats of adsorption were calculated. These results suggest that CO2 adsorption properties can be adjusted by partial metal substitution. Water adsorption isotherms were also measured for the MM-MOF-74 samples, with powder X-ray diffraction patterns and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface areas measured both before and after water exposure. Results show that Mg-MOF-74 can gain ...
Advanced programming in PVM

This paper describes many of the advanced features available in PVM (Parallel Virtual Machine) and how to take advantage of these features to create sophisticated distributed computing applications. The reader is expected to already have an understanding of parallel and distributed computing and a knowledge of the basic features provided by the PVM software. Topics covered in this paper include improving application performance, adding fault tolerance, building interactive applications, debugging, developing PVM ”plug-ins”, and a brief overview of the expanding scope of PVM with the creation of packages like CUMULVS, JavaPVM and TkPVM.
ChuChuYamBa/ Soda Rock: Toward an Applied Critical Geographic Perspective on Traditional Cultural Properties (TCPs)

Preservation of indigenous Traditional Cultural Properties (TCPs) is limited by narrow legal and procedural interpretation. First, indigenous communities (federally recognized or non-recognized) mu...
A global distributed basin morphometric dataset.

Basin morphometry is vital information for relating storms to hydrologic hazards, such as landslides and floods. In this paper we present the first comprehensive global dataset of distributed basin morphometry at 30 arc seconds resolution. The dataset includes nine prime morphometric variables; in addition we present formulas for generating twenty-one additional morphometric variables based on combination of the prime variables. The dataset can aid different applications including studies of land-atmosphere interaction, and modelling of floods and droughts for sustainable water management. The validity of the dataset has been consolidated by successfully repeating the Hack’s law. Machine-accessible metadata file describing the reported data (ISA-Tab format)
Maternal weight status and responsiveness to preterm infant behavioral cues during feeding

Parental obesity is highly predictive of child obesity, and preterm infants are at greater risk of obesity, but little is known about obese and non-obese mothers’ responsiveness to preterm infant cues during feeding. The relationship between maternal weight status and response to preterm infant behavioral cues during feeding at 6-weeks corrected age was examined. This secondary analysis used data from a randomized clinical trial. Maternal weight was coded during a play session. Mother-infant interaction during feeding was coded using the Nursing Child Assessment Satellite Training Feeding Scale (NCAST). We used multivariate linear regressions to examine NCAST scores and multivariate logistic regressions for the two individual items, satiation cues and termination of feeding. Of the 139 mothers, 56 (40.3%) were obese, two underweight women were excluded. Obese mothers did not differ from overweight/normal weight mothers for overall NCAST scores, but they had higher scores on response to infant’s distress subscale (mean = 10.2 vs. 9.6, p = 0.01). The proportion of infants who exhibited satiation cues did not differ by maternal weight. Obese mothers were more likely than overweight/normal weight mothers to terminate the feeding when the infant showed satiation cues (82.1% vs. 66.3%, p = 0.04, adjusted OR = 2.31, 95% CI = 0.97, 5.48). Limitations include lack of BMI measures and small sample size. Additional research is needed about maternal weight status and whether it influences responsiveness to preterm infant satiation cues. Results highlight the need for educating all mothers of preterm infants regarding preterm infant cues. NCT02041923 . Feeding and Transition to Home for Preterms at Social Risk (H-HOPE). Registered 15 January 2014.
INFLUENCE OF COST OF CREDIT ON CONSUMER SATISFACTION: A CASE OF THE NIC BANK LIMITED

Purpose : The purpose of the study was to establish the influence of cost of credit on consumer satisfaction, a case of the NIC bank limited. Methodology : The descriptive survey research design was preferred for the study. The population of the study was over 10,000 credit card holders in NIC Bank. Snow balling sampling technique was appropriate for this study because credit card customers were not keen on cooperating because of the sensitivity of information gathered and only cooperated on referral from friends. Fishers’ formula was used for calculating the sample size of an infinite population which amounted to 384 but for the purpose of improving the response rate, the study added 16 more respondents to total up to 400. The study used primary data. The study used a questionnaire as the preferred data collection tool. Information was sorted, coded and input into the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) for production of descriptive and inferential statistics. The results were presented using tables and pie charts to give a clear picture of the research findings. Results : Based on the findings, the study conclded that that credit card interest rate was competitive compared to other offerings in the market, the credit card interest rate is better than overdraft rates. It was concluded that the credit card interest rate was affordable compared to shylock interest rates. Results led to the conclusion that the penalties were lower than those of competitors. Study results show that the credit card joining fee was affordable compared to other products, the credit card joining fee was lower than that of competitors. Results also led to the conclusion that the penalties were very high. Results also led to the conclusion that credit card interest rate were affordable compared to Sacco interest. Unique contribution to theory, practice and policy: Based on the findings, the study recommends that the Government should legalise the interest rate within the banks and make it affordable to the consumers. In addition the banks should lower the credit card joining fee as this will motivate more customers to join and therefore an additional benefit the banks.
Sedentary Behaviour at the Community Level: Correlates, Theories, and Interventions

This chapter provides a succinct overview of sedentary behaviour correlates, theories, and interventions in youth communities (schools), adult communities (worksites), and neighbourhoods. Within each community, we identify and discuss (a) observational and experimental studies examining the correlates of sedentary behaviour; (b) demographic, psychosocial, and environmental factors that influence sedentary behaviour; and (c) intervention designs and outcomes targeting sedentary behaviour. How technological advances and media influence may impact public awareness and intervention design is discussed. We also highlight the roles and responsibilities of both research and public health organizations to promote healthy behaviours. Finally, we evaluate community-based interventions to provide recommendations and future directions. We conclude that the barriers and challenges faced at the community level for reducing sedentary behaviours may vary per community setting and type. Ultimately, multilevel strategies and collaborative practices, across multiple settings that target sedentary behaviour as an independent risk factor, are needed to improve the efficacy of community-level interventions and increase the potential for future dissemination.
Evidence for sub-millisecond structure in a γ -ray burst

GAMMA-RAY bursts (GRBs) vary in duration from hundreds of seconds down to several milliseconds. Early studies1 suggested that bursts with durations of <100 ms form a distinct class, accounting for a few per cent of the total number of detected bursts, and there is some evidence2 for a break in the distribution of GRB durations at ∼600 ms, perhaps implying separate physical mechanisms for long and short bursts. Recently the estimated number of short GRBs has risen substantially. The shortest burst recorded so far is GRB820405, with duration ∼12ms (ref. 3), and the shortest spike within a burst, an unresolved feature with width <5 ms, was in GRB841215 (refs 4–7). GRB790305 had the shortest rise-time, 0.2ms. We report here that GRB910711, with apparently the shortest duration (∼8 ms) yet seen by the Burst and Transient Source Experiment (BATSE), has a time profile that shows significant submillisecond structure. The responses to this burst in the different BATSE detectors, from both direct and Earth-scattered γ-rays, show that the burst is both narrower and of higher energy than is indicated by a light-curve summed over all detectors. We detected a narrow spike of duration 200 μs in the light curve; variations on this timescale have not previously been observed in GRBs, and their explanation should be a stringent test of any GRB theory.
Rethinking School Safety in the Age of Empire: Militarization, Mental Health, and State Violence

Calls for stricter gun control and mental health screening often come on the heels of school shootings, which have raised national concerns about school safety. The implication is that people with psychiatric disabilities are dangerous or threatening, and that preventing them from owning guns will make schools safer. This paper challenges this assumption by considering dominant discourses about school safety and mental health alongside the increasing militarization of U.S. schools. Advocating reducing violence by identifying individuals with psychiatric disabilities—or those labelled with mental illnesses presumed to render them dangerous—erases the profound state violence schools engender in the service of empire while perpetuating ableist assumptions about people with psychiatric disabilities. In the age of empire and endless imperialist war, we need to challenge prevailing conceptions of both school safety and mental health.
Pulmonary hypertension: Barrier or just a bump in the road in transplanting adults with congenital heart disease

Background Heart failure (HF) is the leading cause of death in adults with congenital heart disease (ACHD). Identification of disease progression and timing of referral for advanced therapies is often delayed. However, increased awareness and understanding of ACHD and improvements in the approach to treatment have led to improved outcomes. Pulmonary hypertension (PH) is a common barrier to HT. In ACHD, the approach to PH and HT is quite complicated, given the anatomic heterogeneity and lower prevalence and experience. However, in some cases, PH is a result of elevated systemic filling pressures and low output. Methods We describe the approach used to successfully transplant an ACHD patient with severe pre-HT PH performing HT alone. We review the literature and describe the one patient's journey from primarily palliative, to a combined heart-lung transplant candidate, to successful HT patient. Results We discuss the methodology used to successfully transplant a patient, with significantly elevated pulmonary pressures and an initial pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR) > 13 Wood units. Conclusions There are a number of complexities associated with the ACHD population and it is of utmost importance to carefully identify the underlying hemodynamic milieu and inform the appropriate treatment course in order to have successful transplant outcomes.
Abstract 13999: Elevated Asleep Blood Pressure is Associated With All-cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in Heart Failure With Preserved Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction (HFpEF) -From Nara-HF Study

Introduction: Abnormal circadian blood pressure (BP) rhythms are one of the risks of cardiovascular diseases and death. However, circadian BP rhythms in heart failure (HF) patients are unclear. The...
Teleology in Self-Organizing Systems

Teleological language, talk of function and purpose, has long been associated with the appearance of order in the biological world. Indeed, the pre-Darwinian tradition of natural theology (e.g., Paley 1836) gave a clear underpinning for such teleology. The order of nature was a product of God's design and reflected his purposes. In this postDarwinian era natural selection has taken the place of God's purposes in supporting teleological ascriptions--the ultimate purpose or function of some biological trait, say a wing, is just that effect acted on by natural selection to produce, by evolution, the order of the trait in question. But the recent recognition that order can emerge just from the dynamics of complex systems--no natural selection is needed--leads us to the question of this paper; namely, in what ways, and to what extent, does teleological language properly apply to the self-generated order of complex dynamical systems in biology?
Areole Changes during Bark Formation on Saguaro Cacti

Spines are an important component of cactus species. Besides providing protection from predation, they reduce heat loading, reduce transpiration, and aid dispersal of stem segments for vegetative propagation among others. Bark formation occurs on surfaces of more than twenty species of columnar cacti in the Americas. For all species tested, bark formation is related to direct sunlight exposure. Extensive bark coverage leads to premature death for saguaro cacti (Carnegiea gigantea). Preliminary evidence indicates that changes in areoles with spines occurred during the bark formation on C. gigantea. Four hundred, sixty-one paired photographic images of areoles of north- and south-facing surfaces of shoots with bark percentages on adjacent troughs in 2017 were analyzed to determine differences between north- and south-facing surfaces. As in past studies, south-facing surfaces had higher bark percentages (mean bark coverage 62%) than north-facing surfaces (mean bark coverage 19%). For north and south areoles, mean numbers of central spines were 2.70/1.55; radial spines 3.20/1.50; and apex spines 1.81/1.13, respectively. When data were pooled to compare numbers of central, radial and apex spines as well as spine color and spine thickness, all were significantly related with bark percentages. Decreases in numbers and characteristics of spines precede bark formation on adjacent troughs. Overall, the results show that crests deteriorate faster than adjacent troughs. To our knowledge, this is the first report to document changes in spine numbers and characteristics with bark coverage on a cactus species.
Clinical comparison between neuroendocrine and endometrioid type carcinoma of the uterine corpus

Objective To compare the clinicopathologic features and survival outcomes of neuroendocrine tumor of the uterine corpus (NET-U) to endometrioid type endometrial carcinoma (EC). Methods From 1993 to 2012, the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results cancer registry was queried for women diagnosed with EC or NET-U. Data regarding stage, grade, presence of extra-uterine disease, lymph node metastasis, receipt of adjuvant radiation, surgical intervention and overall survival (OS) was extracted. Chi-square tests, t-tests and Kaplan Meir curves were used for statistical analysis. Results A total of 98,363 patients were identified: 98,245 with EC and 118 with NET-U. The mean age at diagnosis for EC was 61.7 years and 64.8 years for NET-U (p=0.01). NET-U cases were more likely to be poorly differentiated (97.0% vs. 15.6%; p≤0.01) and have nodal metastasis (56.4% vs. 11.1%; p≤0.01) when compared to EC. Presence of extrapelvic disease at the time of diagnosis was observed more frequently in NET-U compared to EC, 49.1% vs. 4.8%, respectively (odds ratio=18; 95% confidence interval=13.1-27.2; p≤0.01). Significant improvement in OS was observed in NET-U patient who received radiation (OS: 7.7 vs. 3.3 years; p≤0.01) or underwent surgical management (5.6 vs. 0.9 years; p≤0.01). The OS for EC was 14.4 vs. 4.6 years for NET-U (p≤0.01). Conclusion NET-U represents an aggressive form of uterine malignancy. When compared to EC, patients with NET-U present at more advanced stage, have more frequent extra-uterine disease and lower OS.
Why is Special Education So Afraid of Disability Studies? Analyzing Attacks of Disdain and Distortion from Leaders in the Field

This article seeks to answer the question: In what ways do recent widespread and sustained critiques of Disability Studies reveal both the restrictiveness and vulnerabilities in the field of Special Education? Using a theoretical framework composed of Disability Studies in Education (DSE), Connor analyzes six recent articles by prominent scholars in the field of special education that contain the following elements: (1) a harsh critique of the social model of disability, frequently distorting and rejecting its contributions; (2) a defense of scientific knowledge as the “true” basis of special education; (3) a generalized tone of fear, anxiety, and anger. In addition to discussing these areas, Connor identifies and engages with the authors’ rationale articulated for rejecting the knowledge claims of DSE, providing evidence of contradiction within their own arguments. The article concludes that the concerted attack on Disability Studies and DSE ironically reveals how special education has lost significant ground in terms of being the sole source of knowledge about education and disability, and can no longer be seen as a “stand alone” legitimate field of study.
Treatment of Oromandibular Dystonia

Oromandibular dystonia (OMD) is a rare form of dystonia that affects the masticatory, lower facial, and lingual muscles. OMD is often idiopathic and can present as a focal dystonia or as part of a segmental or generalized pattern of dystonia. The movement phenotypes of OMD include jaw opening, jaw closing, lateral jaw deviation, lingual protrusion, and mixed presentations. Diagnosis and treatment initiation are often delayed because OMD is under-recognized. Meanwhile these patients endure significant disability, because eating and speaking are impaired, which has a negative impact on quality of life. Botulinum toxin injections are the most effective therapeutic strategy. The technique and onabotulinumA toxin doses for jaw injection are described.
The Trends of Pediatric Facial Fractures Due to Violence in a Level One Trauma Population.

INTRODUCTION Pediatric facial fractures due to intentionally violent mechanisms represent a unique subset of facial fractures. The objective of our research is to identify how violence affects patterns of facial fractures and their management in pediatric patients. METHODS An IRB approved, retrospective study of our institution's pediatric patients ≤18 years of age who presented with ≥1 facial fracture due to violence from January 2006 to December 2015 was performed. Violence was defined as trauma intended to hurt another or self. Demographics, fractures, mechanism, concomitant injuries, and management were analyzed. RESULTS The 1274 patients were diagnosed with facial fractures, with 235 of these due to violence (18%). These patients of violence (POV) had 332 fractures, with an average fracture per patient of 1.4 ± .0.8. The majority (86%) were male, Non-Hispanic African American (35%), and the average age was 15.9 ± 2.8 years. The most common fracture was the mandible (50% of patients) and most common mechanism was assault (76%). The POV were older, male, and of minority race/ethnic groups when compared to patients of non-violence (PONV) (P <0.01). The POV presented with fewer concomitant injuries, were less likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit, and more often surgically managed when compared to the PONV (P <0.01). CONCLUSION This study represents the largest US, single institution, Level 1 trauma center study of pediatric facial fractures. Pediatric patients with facial fractures due to a violent mechanism represent a distinct category of trauma patients with a unique profile of injuries.