cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Breast cancer prevention: patient decision making and risk communication in the high risk setting.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate prevention decision making among women at high risk for breast cancer, including patient preferences for preventive interventions, patient understanding of disease risk, and patient preferences for risk communication methods, and the corresponding physician understanding of these factors. A prospective interview and survey study was conducted of consecutive new patients seen at a cancer risk and prevention clinic and their physicians. One hundred and forty-six of 217 eligible patients participated and completed all components of the study (67%), and they were seen by a four physicians. Women’s preferences for prevention intervention varied widely across women but were stable across time. Physicians were very often unable to predict their patients’ preferences for prevention efforts. Patients overestimated their risk of disease, and physicians overestimated the decrease in perceived risk resulting from counseling (p < 0.001). As risk stratification for breast cancer improves, and prevention options become more tolerable, it becomes increasingly important to appropriately counsel women considering such options. This study provides insight into the decision making process of women at high risk for breast cancer and highlights the importance of addressing patient preferences for interventions and risk perception during risk assessment and counseling consultations.
Automatic Quality Control of Transportation Reports Using Statistical Language Processing

The processes of developing, monitoring, and maintaining transportation systems produce large volumes of information. Human fieldworkers are often responsible for gathering this information, and despite their best efforts, they will inevitably introduce errors into the collected data. This is a critical problem since: 1) the collected data are used to justify key infrastructure maintenance and development decisions; and 2) the volume of unstructured information (e.g., plain text) makes manual quality control prohibitively expensive. We introduce a solution to this problem in the example domain of vehicle accident reports. First, we analyzed a sample of accident reports and confirmed the existence of many data entry errors. Second, we developed and evaluated a statistical language processing approach that automatically identifies reports containing data entry errors. We tested a variety of system configurations on real-world data and compared their performance with multiple baseline methods. The best configuration achieved a performance score of 84%, far outperforming the baseline methods. Our results and analyses have quality control implications for any data source that pairs structured text (e.g., coded fields) with unstructured text.
Studies on the structure of myosin

The structure of myosin has been studied by an examination of the products of tryptic digestion, light meromyosin (LMM) and heavy meromyosin (HMM). The major portion of LMM, obtained by alcohol fractionation, is light meromyosin fraction 1 (LMM Fr. 1). This fully α -helical molecule amounts to about 25% of myosin. The less helical, enzymatically active HMM comprises about 70% of myosin. The remainder of myosin is liberated in the form of dialysable peptides and polypeptide material in a random conformation. Early digests of myosin yield an improved preparation of HMM which has a molecular weight of 320,000 and an intrinsic viscosity of 0·50 dl./g. By means of the Archibald technique, a molecular weight of 470,000 was obtained for myosin. These observations, together with light scattering data, indicate that there is one LMM Fr. 1 and one HMM subunit per myosin molecule, in an end-to-end, linear arrangement. The wide angle α -type X-ray diagram of the meromyosins, in conjunction with their hydrodynamic and rotatory dispersion properties, suggests a formal model for myosin consisting of a rod having a two-chain α -helical coiled-coil conformation, with globular portion(s) projecting from the helical core in HMM.
A Simple Fracture Mechanics-Based Method for Fatigue Life Prediction in Thick-Walled Cylinders

Abstract : A method is proposed for predicting the fatigue life of thick-walled cylinders based on numerical integration of the fatigue crack growth curve as determined from a fracture mechanics analysis. The effects of autofrettage residual stresses, crack shape, and of the compressive portion of the stress intensity factor are accounted for. A method for correcting the autofrettage residual stresses for the Bauschinger Effect, based on recent analytical results by Peter Chen, is also included. A simple computer program for performing the calculation of fatigue life is presented along with a comparison of the calculated results with the experimental results of Davidson, and of Throop and Fujczak.
Modeling Flow-Responsive Gene Regulation In Native Valve Tissue

Abstract A variety of approaches to heart valve tissue engineering are underway by many groups of investigators. We believe that a thorough understanding of the biophysical and biomolecular interactions that mediate normal leaflet homeostasis will inform improved approaches to the engineering of truly regenerative heart valve grafts. However, our understanding of the fundamental biology of normal valve tissue is still quite limited. This informational gap has led us to develop an ex vivo system for long-term valve culture in order to study the mechanobiology of native tissue. Using this system, we have cultured trileaflet rat heart valves with and without flow-induced valve cycling. We report here the preliminary findings about the effects of both ex vivo culture and of valve cycling on pulmonary leaflet cell gene expression following 7 days of flow culture. Expression of leaflet mRNA was queried using Affymetrix whole genome microarrays and the results analyzed using GeneSpring, EXPLAIN and MetaCore (GeneGO) software. Our analysis revealed 2147 genes whose expression was altered under flow conditions, and 1918 genes under static conditions. 1501 genes were common to both conditions. The effects of culture on gene expression affected multiple pathways, but the most active gene groups involved pathways for cytoskeletal remodeling, development, and cell adhesion. The genes involved in these pathways were altered in both culture conditions. Changes in cytoskeletal and ECM remodeling genes were more prominent in the static condition, while those involved in VEGF signaling were seen under flow condition. Our previously reported histological analyses of cultured rat pulmonary valve leaflet tissue revealed that flow promotes the maintenance of tissue integrity while the lack of flow leads to extracellular matrix remodeling and fibrinoid tissue formation. These gene expression analyses confirm the expected role of flow in maintaining leaflet tissue integrity as evidenced by its induction of VEGF signaling genes, while the lack of flow induces changes in genes involved in extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal remodeling.
A model of the contention resolution time for binary tree protocols

In a binary tree type local area network (LAN) protocol, the number of probe slots (K) needed for contention resolution, when M out of N terminals are contending for the bus access depends not only on the value of M but also on the pattern of the active terminals, i.e., where the physical addresses of the active terminals are located in the logical binary tree structure. The value of M depends on the traffic intensity and increases with the packet arrival rate.In this paper, we develop simple mathematical models for the upper and lower bounds on K as a function of M, with N as a parameter taking into account the above active terminal patterns. The models developed are useful in determining the maximum and minimum transmission frame durations for the performance evaluation of binary type LAN protocols and other reservation type LAN protocols which employ binary tree type probing algorithm. In the case of integrated traffic, when frame duration is to be fixed, the model will enable to optimize bandwidth allocation to different types of traffic.
Corporate social responsibility and executive compensation: exploring the link

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore whether socially responsible firms recognize the potential conflicts that come with higher levels of executive compensation, and thus limit executive pay relative to what is being paid in other firms. In the process, the relationships between executive compensation and financial performance, and corporate social performance and financial performance are examined to determine whether potential compensation and social performance links are coming at the expense of company financial performance.Design/methodology/approach – The empirical data for this research were obtained from a stratified sample of Fortune 1000 companies pulled from across more than 15 industries. Multiple regression analysis is utilized to test three hypotheses.Findings – In line with the hypotheses, results indicate that companies identified as good corporate social performers do in fact have lower levels of executive compensation and there is some support found for a positive relationsh...
Environmental predictors of ice seal presence in the Bering Sea.

Ice seals overwintering in the Bering Sea are challenged with foraging, finding mates, and maintaining breathing holes in a dark and ice covered environment. Due to the difficulty of studying these species in their natural environment, very little is known about how the seals navigate under ice. Here we identify specific environmental parameters, including components of the ambient background sound, that are predictive of ice seal presence in the Bering Sea. Multi-year mooring deployments provided synoptic time series of acoustic and oceanographic parameters from which environmental parameters predictive of species presence were identified through a series of mixed models. Ice cover and 10 kHz sound level were significant predictors of seal presence, with 40 kHz sound and prey presence (combined with ice cover) as potential predictors as well. Ice seal presence showed a strong positive correlation with ice cover and a negative association with 10 kHz environmental sound. On average, there was a 20–30 dB difference between sound levels during solid ice conditions compared to open water or melting conditions, providing a salient acoustic gradient between open water and solid ice conditions by which ice seals could orient. By constantly assessing the acoustic environment associated with the seasonal ice movement in the Bering Sea, it is possible that ice seals could utilize aspects of the soundscape to gauge their safe distance to open water or the ice edge by orienting in the direction of higher sound levels indicative of open water, especially in the frequency range above 1 kHz. In rapidly changing Arctic and sub-Arctic environments, the seasonal ice conditions and soundscapes are likely to change which may impact the ability of animals using ice presence and cues to successfully function during the winter breeding season.
Advanced three-dimensional multiphase flow simulation in porous media reconstructed from X-ray Microtomography using the He–Chen–Zhang Lattice Boltzmann Model

Abstract Multiphase flow is a subject of significant interest in the processing of mineral resources and to processing industries in general. Multiphase flow is of significance in the transport of reactants during the percolation of leaching solution in heaps, in the melting of metals, in phase transformation, metal foam processes, underground water transport, in gas and oil recovery and in gas sequestration, just to mention a few examples. The lattice Boltzmann model (LBM) of multiphase fluid flow has now become a collection of models with varying degrees of faithfulness to the properties of real fluids. These models are in a state of evolution as they are becoming better understood and are extended to new applications. In this paper we address the application of a single-component multiphase flow LBM known as the He–Chen–Zhang model coupled with X-ray microtomography (XMT) for the digitalization and simulation of flow in porous media. The model is used for the simulation of fluid penetration into porous samples and the analysis of capillary phenomena. Specifically, this model has been applied for the simulation of percolation in a packed bed of sand particles which is digitalized by XMT.
Association of Cancer Prevention-Related Nutrition Knowledge, Beliefs, and Attitudes to Cancer Prevention Dietary Behavior

Abstract Objective To examine the relationship of cancer prevention-related nutrition knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes to cancer prevention dietary behavior. Subjects/setting Noninstitutionalized US adults aged 18 years and older. Methods Data collected in the 1992 National Health Interview Survey Cancer Epidemiology Supplement were analyzed. The supplement included questions to ascertain knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes and a food frequency questionnaire to ascertain nutrient intake. Statistics Multivariate linear regression modeling was conducted to assess the hypothesized relationships. Results After adjustment for relevant covariates (age, sex, education, total energy, perceived barriers to eating a more healthful diet), knowledge and belief constructs were predictive of dietary behavior. Specifically, fat, fiber, and fruit and vegetable intakes more closely approximated dietary recommendations for persons with more cancer-prevention knowledge. The strength of the associations between these constructs and dietary behavior varied in some cases according to level of education and perceived barriers to eating a healthful diet. Of the perceived barriers to eating a healthful diet, perceived ease of eating a healthful diet was most strongly and consistently predictive of intake. Conclusions Research findings challenge dietetics practitioners to design diet- and health-promotion programs and activities that not only educate the public about the importance of diet to health, but also address barriers to dietary change.
Performance modelling of dynamic network-based decision systems for distributed manufacturing

Printed circuit boards are customized devices that are frequently used in electronic products. To provide an appropriate choice for a proposed new product, it requires integrated design, supplier and manufacturing planning for modular components where suppliers and manufacturing resources are network distributed. The goal of this work is to develop a comprehensive model to support such enterprise-level decision-making in network-based scalable systems. To solve the model analytically, we propose a hyperexponential network traffic model to characterize the long-range dependence in the network communication. Modelling of evolutionary algorithms is based on stochastic models, which transform the execution of the algorithm into a stochastic activity net. The integration of the network traffic model with the evolutionary algorithm model is a key contribution of the paper. Petri nets are used to perform both the steady-state and transient analysis for the whole system. In this paper, we will show that the stead...
Development of mental health services among existing community institutions in rural areas: the case of the Japanese Kumiai.

Despite high rates of emotional disorder, rural areas of Japan have a dearth of modern community mental health professionals and facilities. Reasons for this situation are explored and a form of interest organization, the kumiai, is proposed as one unexploited avenue for better coordinating the efforts of consultants, community leaders, and indigenous prosessionals in the future. The functions served by the kumiai in rural communities are outlined, particularly with regard to problems of developing mental health services in communities possessing inadequate facilities.
The New U.S. Campaign Regulations and Political Advertising

(2004). The New U.S. Campaign Regulations and Political Advertising. Journal of Political Marketing: Vol. 3, No. 4, pp. 105-110.
Threshold region of f.d.m./f.m. signals

Although many papers have been published concerning the analysis of the threshold region of f.m. signals, they are all incomplete. The present letter introduces a new analysis, in which the carrier is modulated by a Gaussian baseband signal, and gives important results which cannot be deduced from previous analyses.
Uniform stabilization of the wave equation with dirichlet-feedback control without geometrical conditions

In this paper we eliminate altogether geometrical conditions that were assumed (even) with control action on the entire boundary in prior literature: (i) strict convexity of our paper [LT4] on uniform stabilization of the wave equation in the (optimal) state spaceL2(Ω)×H−1(Ω) withL2(Σ) Dirichlet feedback control, as well as (ii) “star-shaped” conditions in papers [C1], [La1], and [Tr1] on uniform stabilization and [Lio1] and [LT5] on exact controllability in the energy spaceH1(Ω)×L2(Ω) of the wave equation withL2(Σ)-Neumann feedback control. Key to the present improvements is a pseudodifferential analysis which permits us to express certain boundary traces of the solution in terms of other traces modulo lower-order interior terms. See Lemma 3.1 for the Dirichlet case and Lemma 7.2 for the Neumann case.
Buckling of thick orthotropic cylindrical shells under external pressure based on non-planar equilibrium modes

Abstract A formulation based on the three dimensional theory of elasticity is employed to study the buckling of an orthotropic cylindrical shell under external pressure. In this paper, a non-zero axial displacement and a full dependence of the buckling modes on the three coordinates is assumed, as opposed to the ring approximation employed in the earlier studies. The results from this elasticity solution are compared with the critical loads predicted by the orthotropic Donnell and Timoshenko non-shallow shell formulations. Two cases of end conditions are considered; one with both ends of the shell fixed, and the other with both ends capped and under the action of the external pressure. Moreover, two cases of orthotropic material are considered with stiffness constants typical of glass/epoxy and graphite/epoxy. For the isotropic material case, the predictions of the simplified (single expression) Donnell and the Flugge and the Danielson and Simmonds theories are also compared. In all cases, the elasticity approach predicts a lower critical load than the shell theories, the percentage reduction being larger with increasing thickness. The degree of non-conservatism depends strongly on the material properties, being smaller for the isotropic case. Furthermore, although it is a commonly accepted notion that the critical point in loading under external pressure occurs for n = 2 and m = 1 (number of circumferential waves and number of axial half-waves, respectively), it was found that this is not the case for the strongly orthotropic graphite/epoxy material and the moderately thick construction; for this case, the value of m at the critical point is greater than 1 (yet, in all cases n = 2).
Synthetic Manipulation of PIP2 Levels and PIP2-Associated Chemotactic Signaling Dissection in Dictyostelium

Phosphatidylinositol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP2) has been shown involved in key chemotactic signaling pathways in Dictyostelium, but our understanding of its roles in this signaling network is very limited. To explore the hypothesis that PIP2 negatively regulate chemotactic signaling events, we used the Chemically-induced Dimerization system, which allows inducible translocation of cellular proteins, to synthetically manipulate PIP2 level and dissect the signaling events. In my current data, after I synthetically recruited the PIP2-specific 5-phosphotase Inp54p to the plasma membrane, the PIP2 biosensor PHplcdelta fell off the membrane and the cells robustly oscillated between a spreading and a crunching morphology. Based on the localization changes of PIP2-binding protein PTEN, the PIP2 levels may further go down as cells spread, and rebound as cells crunch. In the same time, cells with the spreading morphology, but not the other one, have clearly activated chemotactic signaling events as shown by Ras and PIP3 biosensors, as well as highly elevated F-actin along the periphery. Further, cells still carried out this response when PIP3 production was diminished by the PI 3-Kinase inhibitor LY. Remarkably, these signaling events seemed to prevail when actin polymerization was greatly inhibited, as the signaling molecule PTEN showed a distinct spiral wave pattern in LatA-treated cells. These suggest PIP2 negatively regulates the chemotactic signaling network, at least partially independent of actin. We propose that PIP2 serves as an inhibitory role on the upstream chemotactic signaling molecule Ras; when PIP2 levels are decreased by Inp54p recruitment, multiple parallel chemotactic signaling pathways get activated as a result of Ras activation. Also in combine with previous evidence, we propose that PI 5-Kinase activation is downstream of PKBs activation, which up-regulates PIP2 levels, shuts down the signaling events and leads to the crunching morphology following spreading.
Broadband field-resolved terahertz detection via laser induced air plasma with controlled optical bias

We report a robust method of coherent detection of broadband THz pulses using terahertz induced second-harmonic (TISH) generation in a laser induced air plasma together with a controlled second harmonic optical bias. We discuss a role of the bias field and its phase in the process of coherent detection. Phase-matching considerations subject to plasma dispersion are also examined.
Holocene fault scarps near Tacoma, Washington, USA

Airborne laser mapping confirms that Holocene active faults traverse the Puget Sound metropolitan area, northwestern continental United States. The mapping, which detects forest-floor relief of as little as 15 cm, reveals scarps along geophysical lineaments that separate areas of Holocene uplift and subsidence. Along one such line of scarps, we found that a fault warped the ground surface between A.D. 770 and 1160. This reverse fault, which projects through Tacoma, Washington, bounds the southern and western sides of the Seattle uplift. The northern flank of the Seattle uplift is bounded by a reverse fault beneath Seattle that broke in A.D. 900–930. Observations of tectonic scarps along the Tacoma fault demonstrate that active faulting with associated surface rupture and ground motions pose a significant hazard in the Puget Sound region.
The crisis of health in a crisis ridden region

The overall picture of the Arab world today is dire; no Arab country is free from political strife, foreign intervention, or the threat of terrorism. Continuing instability and the failure of national governments to uphold the rule of law and deliver on development are tearing apart the fabric of Arab societies. Internally, Arab regimes’ agendas are shaped by security and their makeup by kinship and loyalty, pushing people to seek refuge within their primordial loyalties. From the outside, foreign meddling in the name of “democracy” is deepening the Arab world’s instability, therefore providing justification for opponents of change to discredit the values of human rights and power sharing. In such an environment, the voiceless majority becomes the main victims, with detrimental effects on their physical and mental wellbeing. A domino-like breakdown of the Arab region, with serious consequences for world’s stability, is becoming an increasingly likely scenario.
Domain‐Switching Criteria for Ferroelectric Materials Subjected to Electrical and Mechanical Loads

In this paper, existing domain-switching criteria are briefly reviewed and the predictions based on these domain-switching criteria are compared with the available experimental data for 180° and 90° domain switchings in lead lanthanum zirconate titanate (PLZT) and lead zirconate titanate (PZT), respectively. It is found that the predictions do not match the experimental results. Motivated by this observation, a new domain-switching criterion in terms of internal-energy density is proposed for combined mechanical and electrical loads. Based on consideration of the atomic structure of ferroelectric materials, it is recognized that 180° and 90° domain switchings result from different mechanisms and, thus, require different critical internal-energy densities for switching. The new criterion is found to yield very good predictions for both 180° and 90° domain switchings.
Factors Affecting Sediment Oxygen Demand in Commercial Channel Catfish Ponds

Sediment oxygen demand (SOD) measured in 45 commercial channel catfish ponds in northwest Mississippi using in situ respirometry (N = 167) ranged from 63 to 1,038 mg/m2 per h. Mean SOD in this study (359 mg/m2 per h) was greater than that reported previously for catfish ponds but was similar to SOD in semi-intensive marine shrimp ponds. Nine variables were selected and measured to assess their relative importance in accounting for variation in SOD. Six variables were included in multiple regression models that explained slightly more than half of the variation in SOD. These variables were: dissolved oxygen concentration at the beginning of respirometry incubation:, particulate organic matter concentration in water above the sediment surface: organic carbon concentration at the immediate sediment-water interface (flocculent or F-layer) combined with the upper 2 cm of sediment (S-layer); organic carbon concentration in the mature (M) underlying sediment layer: water temperature: and total depth of accumulated sediment. Sediment oxygen demand was most sensitive to changes in dissolved oxygen concentration in the overlying water, particulate organic matter concentration in the water, and the concentration of organic carbon in the combined flocculent and upper sediment (F+S) layer. Models for SOD in this research predict that the mass of sediment below the upper 2-cm surface layer on average contributes only ∼20% of total SOD. Stratification and normal daily fluctuation of dissolved oxygen concentration in eutrophic culture ponds likely limit expression of sediment oxygen demand. Maintaining aerobic conditions at the sediment-water interface will minimize accumulation of organic matter in pond sediment.
Spawning behaviour and sexual dimorphism in the North American cyprinid fish Notropis leedsi, the bannerfin shiner

The spawning behaviour and sexual dimorphism of the little known North American cyprinid fish, Notropis leedsi, is described based on observations made in laboratory aquaria. Notropis leedsi is a crevice spawning species, a trait characteristic of members of the subgenus Cyprinella. Males establish breeding territories through ‘mock battles’ and defend them by chasing away intruding males or, at times, through threat displays or ‘mock battles’. Although wild-caught males are significantly larger than females, sexual dimorphism is more pronounced in the colour pattern and fin size, especially the dorsal and anal fins. The modes of spawning behaviour in the genus Notropis are reviewed. The relationship between the promiscuous mating system (polybrachygamy), the crevice spawning mode, and sexual dimorphism in N. leedsi are discussed in relation to current notions regarding sexual selection.
Stochastic Efficiency versus Mean-Variance Criteria as Predictors of Adoption of Reduced Tillage

Costs and benefits of conservation programs depend on the fraction of participants adopting a practice. Under risk, it is not clear whether predictions of adoption should be based on adoption's effect on the farmers' entire income distribution or only on its mean and variance. It is also unclear whether one must elicit the farmer's subjective beliefs about the effect on his income distribution or whether some "objective" distribution can be used. This paper describes how well mean-variance and stochastic efficiency criteria predicted adoption of a reduced tillage practice in a watershed in central Indiana when applied to "objective" and "subjective" income distributions. The expected costs and benefits of alternative conservation programs depend upon the fraction of potential participants who will actually adopt the various alternatives. In predicting farm-level adoptions of these conservation practices, agricultural economists have investigated the effects of tenure, education, age, cash flow, farm size, reluctance to change traditional cultivation methods, and owner attitudes toward conservation as well as various estimates of the effect of adoption on income and income risk. (For a review of this literature, see Ervin and Ervin and Rahm and Huffman).
SYMBOLS, STORIES, AND PRACTICES: New Empirical Directions in the Study of Religious Meaning

Over the past three decades, there has been a growing interest in religion's special meaning-making function. At the same time, scholars have become increasingly sensitive to the fact that the meanings evoked by religious symbols, stories, and practices are not universally shared and that they vary by social context. To date, sociologists of religion interested in the problem of shared meaning have not employed methods that can bring together diverse religious meanings and social settings in the same research design. As a result, their work has produced few empirical generalizations upon which a long-term research agenda might be built. In other subdisciplines, such as cultural sociology, researchers have employed new quantitative methods that can empirically connect variations in cultural meanings to variations in social context. This article calls for importing these methodological advances into the sociological study of religious meaning. There is an enormous irony in the fact that God is in his heaven in the social sciences—or at least a very important section of the social sciences [sociology]—even as he seems to be vanishing from the altars. Michael Harrington, The Politics at God's Funeral
Does Observational Knowledge Require Metaknowledge? A Dialogue on Sellars

Abstract In the following dialogue between TT – a foundationalist – and WdeV – a Sellarsian, we offer our differing assessments of the principle for observational knowledge proposed in Wilfrid Sellars’s ‘Empiricism and the Philosophy of Mind’. Sellars writes: ‘For a Konstatierung “This is green” to “express observational knowledge”, not only must it be a symptom or sign of the presence of a green object in standard conditions, but the perceiver must know that tokens of “This is green” are symptoms of the presence of green objects in conditions which are standard for visual perception.’ In the ensuing dialogue, TT argues that it sets the bar too high when knowledge about perceptual conditions is required for ordinary observational knowledge – that young children, for example, are implausibly excluded as knowers given Sellars’s principle. WdeV defends Sellars’s metaknowledge requirement against these charges. Results from developmental psychology are surveyed for what they show about the actual capabilities...
Study of different lattice solutions in aesthetic field theory

We study various types of lattice solutions in the no integrability aesthetic field theory. The field equations collapse into simple systems of equations for the various lattices under study. We display these equations. The lattice systems under study are categorized by the number of field components needed to describe the lattice. Due to the difficulty of finding all the nonlinear relations for the field components, we consider only linear restrictions on the field components in the categorization. The simplest lattice system found is described by two components. We study also a three component and a five component lattice. We investigate various properties of the different lattices. Except for the simplest two component lattice, we find that the summation over paths method leads to planar multi maxima and minima. For the two component lattice we find no planar maxima and minima for the region close to the origin. We study a three dimensional five component lattice. We follow the trajectory of lattice particles on prescribing an integration path at the outset. We find that the motion of lattice particles is in closed loops. The loops arise from what appears to be simple harmonic motion in both the x and y directions. The lattice particles in this system are seen to display soliton behavior. The aesthetic field equations involve a single derivative in each equation. However, we obtain equations having a simple structure in which several derivatives appear in a single equation.
A note deriving the analytical solution for the wake theory of coalescence

Abstract The recent unsolved wake theory to describe bubble coalescence by Colella et al. [1999. A study on coalescence and breakage mechanisms in three different bubble columns. Chem. Eng. Sci. 54, 4767–4777] is solved analytically to give exact values of coalescence time in terms of bubble size and relative rise velocity. The solution is expressed using the tabulated exponential integral function.
Ionization and excitation in collisions between antiprotons and H(1s) atoms studied with Sturmian bases

Coupled two-center as well as one-center Sturmian cross sections have been determined for ionization and excitation in $\mathrm{p\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$-H($1s$) collisions at $\mathrm{p\ifmmode \bar{}\else \={}\fi{}}$ energies from 1 to 16 000 keV, following the author's recent work for $p$-H($1s$) collisions [Phys. Rev. A 80, 032701 (2009)]. Basis convergence is studied in detail. Results for ionization and excitation are compared to other coupled-state results and to numerical results, as well as limited experimental results for ionization only. Except for the large, two-center coupled-Gaussian-pseudostate calculation of Toshima for ionization only [Phys. Rev. A 64, 024701 (2001)], previous calculations employed one-center bases, including a one-center Sturmian calculation by Igarashi et al. [Phys. Rev. A 61, 062712 (2000)]. A strong contrast with $p$-H collisions is confirmed at intermediate energies, while at high energies the extent of agreement is revealed between coupled-state results for the two collisional systems, as well as with first Born results.
The Determinants of Health Policy, a Case Study: Regulating Safety and Health at the Workplace in Sweden

This article analyzes and criticizes the " technocratic " view of occupational health and safety policies, which sees the values of the personnel in "post-industrial" regulatory agencies as the most important determinant of those policies. It takes an alternate position, which explains occupational health and safety policies as primarily resulting from the different degrees of political power of the two major classes (capital and labor), and from the set of influences exerted on the regulatory agencies by the instruments (e.g., parties, unions, trade organizations) of those classes. It shows how an analysis of the historical evolution of those classes in Sweden and their conflict in both civil and political societies explains Swedish occupational health and safety policies better than a mere analysis of the regulators' views. And it concludes that the occupational health and safety policies in Sweden are not identical to those in the U.S.--as the " technocratic " theorists assume--but rather offer more protection to the workers than U.S. policies do. This situation is a result of labor having more power in Sweden than it has in the U.S. The different class formations and class behavior in the two societies are compared, and the implications of this comparison for occupational health and safety policies are discussed. Language: en
The 3′ untranslated region of the two cytosolic glutamine synthetase (GS1) genes in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) regulates transcript stability in response to glutamine

Glutamine synthetase (GS) catalyzes the ATP-dependent condensation of ammonia with glutamate to produce glutamine. The GS enzyme is located either in the chloroplast (GS2) or in the cytoplasm (GS1). GS1 is encoded by a small gene family and the members exhibit differential expression pattern mostly attributed to transcriptional regulation. Based on our recent finding that a soybean GS1 gene, Gmglnβ1 is subject to its 3′UTR-mediated post-transcriptional regulation as a transgene in alfalfa (Medicago sativa) we have raised the question of whether the 3′UTR-mediated transcript destabilization is a more universal phenomenon. Gene constructs consisting of the CaMV35S promoter driving the reporter gene, GUS, followed by the 3′UTRs of the two alfalfa GS1 genes, MsGSa and MsGSb, were introduced into alfalfa and tobacco. The analysis of these transformants suggests that while both the 3′UTRs promote transcript turnover, the MsGSb 3′UTR is more effective than the MsGSa 3′UTR. However, both the 3′UTRs along with Gmglnβ1 3′UTR respond to nitrate as a trigger in transcript turnover. More detailed analysis points to glutamine rather than nitrate as the mediator of transcript turnover. Our data suggests that the 3′UTR-mediated regulation of GS1 genes at the level of transcript turnover is probably universal and is used for fine-tuning the expression in keeping with the availability of the substrates.
Leveraging profitability in low‐margin markets

Purpose – The article seeks to assist managers in low‐margin markets to grow profitability by applying principles of profit leverage.Design/methodology/approach – The paper identifies a series of principles for targeting market segments and growing profits.Findings – Gross margins are usually taken for granted by managers, but are actually key indicators of the types of marketing strategies – what the author calls “gross profit strategies” – that managers should use to leverage the growth of gross profit. Two general classes of gross profit strategies are identified – volume‐driven, and price/bundling gross profit strategies. The latter is particularly applicable to managers in low‐margin markets. The paper also discusses four subsidiary gross profit strategies and illustrates with examples of real‐world firms and situations.Originality/value – The paper defines market‐driven costing and stresses the importance of measuring “true” gross margins, by measuring costs based on the cost to serve the customer, ...
Dramatic Effects of Fullerene Soot Additives on the Electrochemical Cycling Behavior of Graphite Anodes

Arc-generated fullerene soot dramatically reduces the capacity fade of SFG-15 graphite electrodes in extended lithium ion cycling. Composite electrodes made by the addition of as little as 10% by mass fullerene soot exhibit less than 1.5% reduction in unload capacity over 200 cycles at a rate of C/2, whereas electrodes without the additive lose 79% of their capacity under the same conditions. The addition of the soot decreases the first cycle Coulombic efficiency of the electrodes, from 83.4% for graphite electrodes to 52.9% with the addition of 10% soot. However, the Coulombic efficiency of the composite electrodes surpasses that of the graphite electrodes after a few cycles and remains higher for subsequent cycles. The soot is estimated to increase the first cycle Coulombic losses by ∼ 2000 mAh/g of soot. The soot makes only modest contributions to the capacity of the electrodes, ∼85 mAh/g for compositions with 30% or more graphite content by mass, significantly less (∼25 mAh/g) for composite electrodes with lower graphite content. However, the soot apparently prevents the irreversible loss of electrode capacity, allowing the capacity of the graphite active material to approach its theoretical limit for lithium storage (372 mAh/g) for low soot content compositions.
The structure and electrical properties of SrCe0.95Yb0.05O3 thin film protonic conductors

Abstract The results of a study of the structure and electrical properties of SrCe 0.95 Yb 0.05 O 3 thin film protonic conductors are presented. Dense SrCe 0.95 Yb 0.05 O 3 thin films (∼1000 nm) with grain size in the 30–70 nm range were obtained on Si- and Al 2 O 3 -substrates using a polymeric precursor spin coating technique. The electrical conductivity of these thin films has been studied as a function of temperature and correlated with the microstructure. The thin films showed higher electrical conductivity than dense sintered polycrystalline SrCe 0.95 Yb 0.05 O 3 specimens which had grain size in the micrometer range. This electrical conductivity enhancement has been attributed to the influence of interfacial grain boundary effects in the films. Data are shown for a semiconductor-type hydrogen sensor based on these thin films.
Femoral version of the general population: does "normal" vary by gender or ethnicity?

Objective:The purpose of this study was to compare various gender and ethnic groups to characterize differences in baseline version and rates of retroversion.Design:Retrospective.Setting:Level 1 trauma center.Patients/Participants:Between 2000 and 2009, 417 consecutive patients with femur fractures
Multi-Network Modeling of Cancer Cell States

Cellular signaling networks involved in cancer are highly interconnected. Including molecular details into a model presents a serious challenge, because of the limited information on specific interactions. At the same time, clinicians accumulate a great deal of data about expression of some proteins (such as EGFR, mTOR, Erk1) in different cancer types, and effects of mutations and drug treatments on protein expressions. Each of these proteins is known to be a key regulator for certain signaling networks leading to different cell fates. Different cancer types can be distinguished by concentrations of these key proteins and by different combinations and temporal patterns of five cell states (senescense, proliferation, quiescence, death or stemness). We use experimental data from different cancer types to create a predictive kinetic model of cell states. The model consists of five signaling modules (Ras, Akt, Myc, Notch and Wnt) and a single cell fate module. Each signaling module describes parts of signaling networks known to influence cell state. Each module has several molecular inputs - measurable quantities like EGFR concentration - and several molecular outputs - predicted quantities like Ras concentration. Molecular outputs of signaling modules are integrated to affect transitions among cell states in the cell fate module, while the given cell state determines inputs for all signaling modules. The model is able to account for perturbations, including mutations and drug treatments. Our approach is a step toward a simplified, personalized compendium of the most critical information for predicting cancer patient’s response to a targeted therapeutic.
Cooperation between MYC and companion 8q genes in hepatocarcinogenesis

In this issue of Hepatology, Devanand Sarkar and coworkers report that AEG-1, a gene located at chromosomal region 8q22, cooperates with c-MYC (8q24) to induce a highly metastatic form of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in transgenic mice.[1] The authors used the ALB (albumin) promoter to drive selective expression of these two 8q genes in mature hepatocytes, under conditions where MYC expression alone is sufficient to induce HCC, albeit a less-aggressive form without distant metastasis. Interestingly, expression of AEG-1 and MYC forms a positive feedback loop, in that each promotes the expression of the other, presumably playing a normal interacting role in liver development that is hijacked during hepatocarcinogenesis. Their oncogenic cooperation has an additional interesting feature in that the combination of AEG-1 and MYC, but neither gene alone, induces expression of maternally imprinted long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) RIAN and MEG3. The authors go on to show that expression of these lncRNAs play a functional role in AEG-1/MYC-induced malignancy.[1] As with the study of microRNAs a few years back, the study of lncRNAs is becoming increasingly central to current research in hepatocarcinogenesis.
Manganese and its Role in Parkinson's disease: from Transport to Neuropathology.

The purpose of this review is to highlight recent advances in the neuropathology associated with Mn exposures. We commence with a discussion on occupational manganism and clinical aspects of the disorder. This is followed by novel considerations on Mn transport (see also chapter by Yokel, this volume), advancing new hypotheses on the involvement of several transporters in Mn entry into the brain. This is followed by a brief description of the effects of Mn on neurotransmitter systems that are putative modulators of dopamine (DA) biology (the primary target of Mn neurotoxicity), as well as its effects on mitochondrial dysfunction and disruption of cellular energy metabolism. Next, we discuss inflammatory activation of glia in neuronal injury and how disruption of synaptic transmission and glial-neuronal communication may serve as underlying mechanisms of Mn-induced neurodegeneration commensurate with the cross-talk between glia and neurons. We conclude with a discussion on therapeutic aspects of Mn exposure. Emphasis is directed at treatment modalities and the utility of chelators in attenuating the neurodegenerative sequelae of exposure to Mn. For additional reading on several topics inherent to this review as well as others, the reader may wish to consult Aschner and Dorman (Toxicological Review 25:147–154, 2007) and Bowman et al. (Metals and neurodegeneration, 2009).
Zero flash ultrasonic micro embossing on foamed polymer substrates: A proof of concept

This article reviews a novel method to produce microembossed features with an aspect ratio of three and negligible flash on polymer surfaces. An embossing technique that utilizes localized heating (ultrasonic energy) was used with polystyrene and polypropylene substrates. It was demonstrated that when foamed substrates were used, the amount of flash produced was negligible compared to nonfoamed substrates, which has been a significant unresolved problem with embossing using localized heating. The depth of microembossed features as a function of heating times and amplitudes of ultrasonic embossing is detailed in this article, along with a characterization of complex embossed geometries. It was seen that embossing depth was generally proportional to heating time and amplitude until the maximum feature depth was achieved. Although this article deals with embossing of microfeatures for lab-on-a-CD applications, it is envisioned that it is also suitable for lab-on-a-chip applications. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 2009. © 2009 Society of Plastics Engineers
Nonstationarity and cointegration tests for fault detection of dynamic processes

Abstract As continuous industrial processes often operate around a desirable region of profitability, the measurement series for most process variables act as stationary series. However, there are inevitably some observed time series which are nonstationary caused by unexpected disturbances. Some series grow slowly for a long time with the equipment aging, and others appear to wander around as if they have no fixed population mean. For these series, traditional dynamic PCA or other statistical modeling methods are not applicable because the statistical properties of variables are time variant. In this paper, nonstationarity test is adopted to distinguish nonstationary series from stationary series. After that, cointegration analysis is used to describe the stochastic common trends and equilibrium error, which can be used to construct monitoring indices. Case study on Tennessee Eastman process shows that the proposed nonstationary process monitoring can efficiently detect faults in the nonstationary dynamic process.