cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
AN IMPELLA’S JOURNEY THROUGH AORTOILIAC DISEASE WITH BALLOON TRACKING

There is increasing use of Impella for high risk percutaneous interventions with or without left ventricular dysfunction. Patients with complex coronary anatomy often have aortoiliac disease. Inability to place Impella device through difficult aortoiliac anatomy may preclude the high risk procedure
Towards Linking the Lakh and IMSLP Datasets

This paper investigates the problem of matching a MIDI file against a large database of piano sheet music images. Previous sheet–audio and sheet–MIDI alignment approaches have primarily focused on a 1-to-1 alignment task, which is not a scalable solution for retrieval from large databases. We propose a method for scalable cross-modal retrieval that might be used to link the Lakh MIDI dataset with IM-SLP sheet music data. Our approach is to modify a previously proposed feature representation called a symbolic bootleg score to be suitable for hashing. On a database of 5,000 piano scores containing 55,000 individual sheet music images, our system achieves a mean reciprocal rank of 0.84 and an average retrieval time of 25.4 seconds.
CHAPTER 19 – YEAST BREADS

Publisher Summary This chapter provides an account of white wheat bread (white pan bread in the baking industry) and variety bread. It discusses the major ingredients of bread in relation to their functional roles in bread. For bread ingredients to perform their functions, they must be mixed to the extent required for the development of viscoelastic dough. The straight-dough and sponge methods are basic in making bread. Several groups of breads might be considered as variety breads. The variety bread include specialty white bread, bread containing whole-wheat flour, bread containing nonwheat flours, special dietary bread, and flat bread. The specialty white bread include (1) hearth bread, (2) sweet dough bread, (3) salt-rising bread, (4) fruit bread, and (5) English muffins. Bread containing whole-wheat flour alone or with white flour in varying proportions are termed as wheat bread. The chapter also discusses the effects of substituting nonwheat flours. High-protein bread and high-fiber bread are the special dietary breads. Some flat bread are made entirely from white wheat flour; others are made from other flours, such as whole wheat, rye, sorghum, potato, barley, and mixtures of flours.
Time-Frequency Analysis of Spectrally-Notched Random FM Waveforms

Various classes of random FM waveforms have recently emerged that are amenable for high-power radar transmitters while providing high dimensionality that facilitates a variety of new applications. One prominent example is the generation of transmit spectral notching to contend with dynamic radio frequency interference (RFI) for the purpose of spectrum sharing. While previous design-focused work has used the aggregate power spectrum and autocorrelation properties of these waveforms to facilitate spectrum-shaping optimization, here we examine their time-frequency characteristics to better understand the efficacy of spectral notching at different time scales. In so doing it is observed that there may be a need for different design perspectives depending on the nature of the RFI.
Supporting the Participation of Individuals with Disabilities in a Graduate-level Leadership Training Program: Lessons Learned through a Case Study Approach

Many individuals with disabilities require accommodations to support their full inclusion within post-secondary education and training programs. In this study, we examined the processes by which ac...
Optimal Sensor Management for Multiple Target Tracking Using Cooperative Unmanned Aerial Vehicles

In this work, we consider collaborative unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) with a gimbaled sensor tracking multiple mobile surface targets, where the number of targets is greater than the number of UAVs. To this end, we have developed an efficient distributed software algorithm enabling a team of collaborative unmanned aerial vehicles to effectively detect and track multiple mobile ground targets. The software framework we present in this paper includes optimal sensor management technique to minimize the localization uncertainty of targets, efficient data association method, and a consensus decision-making algorithm to reach agreement on target assignments. Our novel strategy in this integrated framework of cooperative aerial robots effectively utilizes their sensing resources using the optimal sensor management technique as well as the consensus decision-making. Our results show that a team of n UAVs can effectively track more than 2n targets with acceptable localization uncertainties.
SHOULDER AND ELBOW INJURY RATES AND CHARACTERISTICS AMONG COLLEGIATE BASEBALL STUDENT-ATHLETES.

Background Recent research has focused on the epidemiology of shoulder and elbow injuries among high school and professional baseball players. Shoulder and elbow injury data has not been comprehensively reported among college baseball student-athletes. Purpose The purpose of this study is to describe shoulder and elbow injury rates and their characteristics among collegiate baseball student-athletes in order to improve injury prevention. Study design Descriptive Epidemiology Study. Methods Shoulder and elbow injury data were obtained from the NCAA Injury Surveillance System for baseball from 2004-2014. Incidence rate ratios and descriptive analyses described injury characteristics for the shoulder and elbow, separately. Results The injury rate for the shoulder was 4.02/10,000 athlete-exposures and for the elbow was 2.44/10,000 athlete-exposures. During the ten-year period, the injury rate of the shoulder has approximately decreased by 75% and of the elbow by approximately 50%. Injury rates were higher during competitions compared to practice for the shoulder (rate ratio, 1.81;95% CI, 1.51, 2.18) and elbow (rate ratio, 2.19;95% CI, 1.73, 2.78). Freshmen and juniors were most likely to sustain shoulder (F=40.6%, J = 29%) and elbow (F=33%, J=33.7%) injuries. Regarding shoulder injuries, surgery was required for 7.1%, and the outcome was season ending for 14.5%. More elbow injuries (17.5%) ended in surgery, and a greater proportion (28.9%) had season-ending injuries. Conclusion In collegiate baseball, shoulder and elbow injury rates have decreased but still result in high morbidity. More granular analyses, especially during Division 1 competitions, are necessary for more specific interventions. While shoulder injuries are more common, elbow injuries result in a longer time to return to play and a higher proportion of surgical interventions. Level of evidence Level 3.
AdvPL: Adversarial Personalized Learning

The data generation sources are increasing in the past few years, such as mobile devices, embedded sensors, various intelligent equipment and so forth. These increasing data sources push the deployment of deep learning models in a distributed manner. However, the traditional distributed deep learning is to build a global model over all collected data and may overlook specific components which are of vital importance to personalized users. In this paper, we propose a learning framework that allows an individual user to build a personalized model. Our framework consists of two stages, including efficient similar data selection from other users and adversarial training. Instead of selecting similar data by computing hand-designed similarity metrics, we train an auto-encoder and a GAN on individual user’s data, and use them to request similar data from other users. To further improve the personalized model performance, we apply adversarial training to minimize the distribution discrepancy between requested data and user’s own data. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework.
Pessimists, Optimists, and Skeptics: The Consequences of Transnational Ties on Latino Immigrant Naturalization

The surge in immigration to the United States since the 1965 Immigration Act has heightened interest and research exploring the factors fostering and/or impeding immigrant political incorporation; with much of it focusing on Latinos, the largest group making up the contemporary immigration wave. In this examination, we focus on immigrants' choice to acquire citizenship, a critical step in the incorporation process, which confers upon immigrants the right to vote and hold elective office, allowing them to fully participate in the American political system. While scholars have traditionally looked to socio-demographic factors in predicting naturalization among Latinos, recent research has begun to focus attention on the impact of transnational ties, examining the political consequences of immigrant cross-border networks. Drawing on survey data from the 2006 Latino National Survey (LNS), this paper tests the competing hypotheses: (i) Transnational networks are negatively related to Latino immigrant naturalization (the pessimists) (ii) Transnational ties are positively related to Latino immigrant naturalization (the optimists) (iii) Transnational ties are unrelated to Latino immigrant naturalization. The traditional predictors will exert a greater influence on the naturalization decision (the skeptics). Our search finds strong support for the optimist hypothesis. In the paper we consider the policy implications of the findings.
Short-term hot water immersion results in substantial thermal strain and partial heat acclimation; comparisons with heat-exercise exposures.

Abstract Objective To examine the effectiveness of hot water immersion (HWI) as a heat acclimation strategy in comparison to time and temperature matched, exercise-heat acclimation (EHA). Methods 8 males performed heat stress tests (HST) (45 min of cycling at 50% of VO2max in 40 °C, 40% RH) before and after heat acclimation sessions. Acclimation sessions were either three consecutive bouts of HWI (40 min of submersion at 40 °C) or EHA (40 min of cycling at 50% VO2max in 40 °C, 40% RH). Results Average change in tympanic temperature (TTympanic) was significantly higher following HWI (2.1 °C ± 0.4) compared to EHA (1.5 °C ± 0.4) (P 0.05). Peak rate of perceived exertion (RPEPeak) decreased for HWI and EHA (P 0.05). Plasma volume increased in both intervention groups (HWI: 5.9% ± 5.1; EHA: 5.4% ± 3.7) but was not statistically different (P > 0.05). Conclusion HWI induced significantly greater thermal strain compared to EHA at equivalent temperatures during time-matched exposures. However, the greater degree of thermal strain did not result in between intervention differences for cardiovascular, thermoregulatory, or perceptual variables. Findings suggest three HWI sessions may be a potential means to lower HR, TCore, and perceptual strain during exercise in the heat.
Wellbeing in Other Domains

This chapter discusses wellbeing research on other life domains besides those covered in the previous chapters. Specifically, the chapter describes research in spiritual wellbeing, political and national wellbeing, environmental wellbeing, educational wellbeing, and sexual wellbeing.
The probability of lung cancer in patients with incidentally detected pulmonary nodules: clinical characteristics and accuracy of prediction models

Background The frequency of cancer and accuracy of prediction models have not been studied in large, population-based samples of patients with incidental pulmonary nodules measuring > 8 mm in diameter. Research Questions How does the frequency of cancer vary by size and smoking history among patients with incidental nodules? How accurate are two widely used models for identifying cancer in these patients? Study Design and Methods We assembled a retrospective cohort of individuals with incidental nodules measuring > 8 mm in diameter identified by chest CT imaging between 2006 and 2016. We used a validated natural language processing algorithm to identify nodules and their characteristics by scanning the text of dictated radiology reports. We reported patient and nodule characteristics stratified by the presence or absence of a lung cancer diagnosis within 27 months of nodule identification and estimated the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) to compare the accuracy of the Mayo Clinic and Brock models for identifying cancer. Results The sample included 23,780 individuals with a nodule measuring > 8 mm, including 2,356 patients (9.9%) with a lung cancer diagnosis within 27 months of nodule identification. Cancer was diagnosed in 5.4% of never smokers, 12.2% of former smokers, and 17.7% of current smokers. Cancer was diagnosed in 5.7% of patients with nodules measuring 9 to 15 mm, 12.1% of patients with nodules > 15 to 20 mm, and 18.4% of patients with nodules > 20 to 30 mm. In the full sample, the Mayo Clinic model (AUC, 0.747; 95% CI, 0.737-0.757) was more accurate than the Brock model (AUC, 0.713; 95% CI, 0.702-0.724; P Interpretation Almost 10% of patients with an incidental pulmonary nodule measuring > 8 mm in diameter will receive a lung cancer diagnosis. Existing prediction models have only fair accuracy and overestimate the probability of cancer.
Book review: Nietzsche and the Antichrist: Religion, Politics, and Culture in Late Modernity

This volume makes a valuable contribution to Nietzsche scholarship by providing a single volume on one of Nietzsche’s texts, The Antichrist, with pieces from an array of prominent scholars. It calls attention to the importance of a work less often systematically treated in the scholarship than some others. The contributors to the volume represent a wide array of philosophical approaches to Nietzsche’s thought and offer a good sampling of the perspectives in Nietzsche scholarship. Conway has assembled an especially strong group of scholars who approach Nietzsche’s thought via political theory and those who have advanced our insight on Nietzsche’s political thought. This link among many of the essays helps to unify the volume and call attention to the political themes and long range aims of Nietzsche’s Antichrist.
Weakly-Supervised Damaged Building Localization and Assessment with Noise Regularization

Not only does the destruction caused by natural disasters impair human lives, but it can also result in devastating damages to the community infrastructure and possibly cause the loss of historic structures as well as vital documents. Technological advances in remote sensing survey tools such as satellite images and aerial photographs have allowed emergency responders to rapidly and remotely conduct a comprehensive assessment of the damages caused by a disaster event. Most of the previously proposed research in the automatic identification and prediction of building damage assessments from optical remote sensing data depends on the availability of accurate geometric footprints of the affected area’s structures. However, the available building footprints may rapidly become outdated as new infrastructures are built while old ones are demolished or renovated. We propose an end-to-end weakly-supervised damage assessment model where the assumption is that the building footprint is unknown during training. Instead, there is a rough estimate of the building’s location and the level of damage it sustained. Ablation tests are conducted on both a large-scale satellite imagery set and a smaller set of aerial photographs prepared and curated by our team to demonstrate our proposed model’s performance.
On the Effect of Intralocus Recombination on Triplet-Based Species Tree Estimation

We consider species tree estimation from multiple loci subject to intralocus recombination. We focus on R∗, a summary coalescent-based methods using rooted triplets. We demonstrate analytically that intralocus recombination gives rise to an inconsistency zone, in which correct inference is not assured even in the limit of infinite amount of data. In addition, we validate and characterize this inconsistency zone through a simulation study that suggests that differential rates of recombination between closely related taxa can amplify the effect of incomplete lineage sorting and contribute to inconsistency.
Neural control of movement stability: Lessons from studies of neurological patients

The concept of synergy provides a theoretical framework for movement stability resulting from the neural organization of multiple elements (digits, muscles, etc.) that all contribute to salient performance variables. Although stability of performance is obviously important for steady-state tasks leading to high synergy indices, a feed-forward drop in synergy indices is seen in preparation to a quick action (i.e., anticipatory synergy adjustments, ASAs). We review recent studies of multi-finger and multi-muscle synergies that show decreased indices of synergies and ASAs in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) or multisystem atrophy. In PD, the impairments in synergies and ASAs are partially reversed by dopaminergic drugs, and changes in synergy indices are present even in PD patients at earliest diagnosis. Taken together, these results point at subcortical structures that are crucial for proper control of movement stability. It is timely to introduce the concept of impaired control of stability as an objective, quantifiable, and theory-based clinical descriptor of movement disorders that can increase our understanding of the neural control of movement with all of its implications for clinical practice.
Colloquium 4 Commentary on Hyland

In response to, but in keeping with, Hyland’s attention to specific dramatic features of Platonic dialogues, the commentary explores the issue of temporality in these dialogues and its role in their portrayal of the philosophical life. The explicit discussion and portrayal in these dialogues of diachronic time, in particular, reveals important aspects Socrates’ practice of philosophy.
Unmanned Aircraft Systems

Publisher Summary Unmanned aviation may appear to be a recent development, but its history stretches back to the beginnings of aviation. The first unmanned glider flew a century before the Wright Flyer, and unpiloted, powered aircraft made their appearance in the first decades of the 20th century. Over the last 100 years, a series of technological innovations have expanded the capabilities of unmanned aircraft to the point where they now fulfill an increasing range of civilian and military roles. The central message of this chapter is that the further development of unmanned aviation may be held back more by a lack of attention to human factors than by technological hurdles. This chapter begins with a brief overview of unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), from their historical beginnings to the present. Next, the accident record of unmanned aviation is reviewed. The emerging human factors of UAS operation are then examined under the broad headings of teleoperation, design of the ground control station (GCS), transfer of control, airspace issues, and maintenance. If unmanned systems are to reach their full potential, it will be necessary to address each of these issues.
Phenotypic diversification in neural crest-derived cells: the time and stability of commitment during early development.

Publisher Summary One of the most important issues in developmental biology is the way phenotypic differences arise and become stabilized in the cell lineages of multicellular embryos. To address this problem, the developmental abilities of individual cells must be studied and, at the same time, the extent of stable, propagable restrictions in developmental ability should be determined with certainity. In addition, it is important to establish when and under what conditions such restrictions are imposed on a cell or its progeny. To determine whether cellular metaplasia (“transdifferentiation”) accounts for the observed changes in tissue phenotype and to examine the possibility that the program of the use of genetic determinants in individual cells has actually been altered, one or more of the following criteria must first be satisfied: the adventitious phenotype must be expressed either (1) in postmitotic cells, (2) in cells clonally derived from a progenitor cell expressing another phenotype, or (3) in cells that simultaneously express traits characteristic of a different cell type (as revealed by suitable dual-marking procedures). In general, the phenomenon of metaplasia has led to two important generalizations. First, metaplasia appears under conditions that involve the destabilization of tissues accompanying cell proliferation and migration—that is, the conditions that exist in embryonic, regenerating, and neoplastic tissues. Second, the diversity of cellular phenotypes arising by metaplasia often appears to be limited to the characteristic of the “parental” tissue lineage. Therefore, a systematic analysis of metaplasia, using experimental material in which the three criteria listed above can be satisfied, might ultimately provide useful insights into the nature and extent of genomic restrictions that normally lead progressively from pluripotent embryonic cell populations to intermediate cells in a developmental lineage and finally to apparently terminally differentiated cells.
Studies on relationships between actinophage and variation in Streptomyces. I. Morphology of phage production and lysis in a streptomycete carrying a temperate phage.

The relationship of phage production to lysis and variation in a streptomycete carrying temperate phage was investigated. Macroscopically, the original isolate, S-77, produced cartilaginous mycelial growth characteristic of Streptomyces. Microscopic examination, however, showed that discrete portions of hyphae were lysed within 48 hours of growth. These lysed portions were widely spaced with the ghost hyphal walls intact so that the mycelial structure and sporogenous habit of the streptomycete were maintained. Variants occurred which ranged from essentially normal-appearing cultures, through lightly sporulated and friable intermediates, to completely asporogenous and mucid cultures. Filtration and electron microscope studies established the presence of phage and showed ghost areas in hyphae as sites of phage release. Phage was found in filtrates of all S-77 variants including the normal-appearing parent type. Incomplete phage particles consisting of collapsed head membranes and of tailless particles were also common. Soft colony types with numerous ghost areas released large amounts of phage. Perfect phage was difficult to find in macroscopically normal cultures where lysed areas were widely spaced. Both normal S-77 and soft variants are either lysogenic or “carriers,” since host and phage coexist in an equilibria1 state through repeated transfer. It is suggested that the striking variation in morphological and cultural characteristics observed in S-77 results from shifts in the host-phage equilibrium.
Mathematical Model of Brake Caliper to Determine Brake Torque Variation Associated with Disc Thickness Variation (DTV) Input

Vehicle brake shudder, or judder, is the result of what is termed brake roughness excitation. Objectively, this phenomenon is associated with a brake torque variation (BTV). BTV is the dynamic component of brake torque which is applied to the spindle as an input. One of the known mechanical sources of brake torque variation is disc thickness variation (DTV). This source of BTV is associated with the kinematic behaviour of the rotor and caliper from variation in the thickness of the disc rotor. The research documented in this paper is related to brake torque variation caused by disc thickness variation. A lumped mass-spring mathematical model of the brake caliper system was developed. This was used to characterise the dynamic response of the brake assembly to a disc thickness variation input. The DTV input was represented mathematically as enforced lateral displacements at the inner and outer rotor/pad interfaces. The equations of motion were determined through a Lagrangian approach. The solution of these equations was used to describe the caliper dynamics in terms of displacements and forces for each degree of freedom. An understanding of these outputs permitted the level of brake torque variation to be calculated. The investigation identified the key variables having the largest effect on the level of BTV produced. Hence in , a brake caliper mathematical model has been developed which could be used to predict the level of BTV, for a given DTV input, based on the caliper system design variables.
Quantitative theories of oncogenesis.

Publisher Summary This chapter reviews the quantitative theories of the origin of neoplasms and discusses a new theory. It examines the theories both qualitatively and quantitatively by comparing their predictions with epidemiological and experimental observations. The theories relate the frequency and time of occurrence of tumors to the temporal and spatial distribution of oncogenic exposure. These theories are formulated for two main reasons—namely, (1) to provide a framework for evaluating the consequences of proposed mechanisms of carcinogenesis and (2) to help determine the allowable concentrations of known carcinogens in the environment and estimate the consequences of exceeding them. It is observed that some theories are needed to extrapolate the dose response relationships downward from the high doses used in animal experiments to the low doses to be allowed in the environment. To extract additional information from the statistics, which include description of the probabilities of transformation and tumor appearance provided by these theories, it is necessary to consider two kinds of variation. These variations include: (1) results from the stochastic processes within each individual and (2) the variation from one individual to another because of differences in susceptibility.
System Definition Document: Reactor Data Necessary for Modeling Plutonium Disposition in Catawba Nuclear Station Units 1 and 2

The US Department of Energy (USDOE) has contracted with Duke Engineering and Services, Cogema, Inc., and Stone and Webster (DCS) to provide mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel fabrication and reactor irradiation services in support of USDOE's mission to dispose of surplus weapons-grade plutonium. The nuclear station units currently identified as mission reactors for this project are Catawba Units 1 and 2 and McGuire Units 1 and 2. This report is specific to Catawba Nuclear Station Units 1 and 2, but the details and materials for the McGuire reactors are very similar. The purpose of this document is to present a complete set of data about the reactor materials and components to be used in modeling the Catawba reactors to predict reactor physics parameters for the Catawba site. Except where noted, Duke Power Company or DCS documents are the sources of these data. These data are being used with the ORNL computer code models of the DCS Catawba (and McGuire) pressurized-water reactors.
In vivo blockade of CD28/CTLA4: B7/BB1 interaction with CTLA4-Ig reduces lethal murine graft-versus-host disease across the major histocompatibility complex barrier in mice

We tested whether the in vivo infusion of recombinant, soluble CTLA4 fused with Ig heavy chains, as a surrogate ligand used to block CD28/CTLA4 T-cell costimulation, could prevent efficient T-cell activation and thereby reduce graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Lethally irradiated B10.BR recipients of major histocompatibility complex disparate C57BL/6 donor grafts received intraperitoneal injections of human CTLA4-Ig (hCTLA4-Ig) or murine CTLA4-Ig (mCTLA4-Ig) in various doses and schedules beginning on day -1 or day 0 of bone marrow transplantation (BMT). In all five experiments, recipients of CTLA4-Ig had a significantly higher actuarial survival rate compared to mice injected with an irrelevant antibody control (L6) or saline alone. Survival rates in recipients of hL6 or PBS were 0% at 29 to 45 days post-BMT. In recipients of CTLA4-Ig, survival rates were as high as 63% mice surviving 3 months post-BMT. However, protection was somewhat variable and recipients of CTLA4-Ig were not GVHD-free by body weight, clinical appearance, and histopathologic examination. There were no significant differences in the survival rates in comparing injection dose, injection duration, or species of CTLA4-Ig (hCTLA4-Ig v mCTLA4-Ig). Splenic and peripheral blood flow cytometry studies of long-term hCTLA4-Ig-injected survivors showed a significant peripheral B-cell and CD4+ T-cell lymphopenia, consistent with GVHD. A kinetic study of splenic reconstitution was performed in mice that received hCTLA4-Ig and showed that mature splenic localized CD8+ T-cell repopulation was not significantly different in recipients of hCTLA4-Ig compared with hL6, despite the significant increase in actuarial survival rate in that experiment. These data suggest that the beneficial effect of hCTLA4-Ig on survival is not mediated by interfering with mature donor-derived T-cell repopulation post-BMT. Neither hCTLA4-Ig nor mCTLA4-Ig interfered with hematopoietic recovery post-BMT. We conclude that CTLA4-Ig (most likely in combination with other agents) may represent an important new modality for GVHD prevention.
Characteristics of ambulatory care clinics and pharmacists in Veterans Affairs medical centers

The type and extent of ambulatory care clinical pharmaceutical services in selected Veterans Affairs medical centers (VAMCs) were studied as part of a larger project. Questionnaires were sent to the 174 VAMCs to determine the extent of clinical pharmacy activity in ambulatory care clinics, characteristics of outpatient pharmacies and clinics, and characteristics of ambulatory care pharmacists in VAMCs and to identify sites for the IMPROVE (Impact of Managed Pharmaceutical Care on Resource Utilization and Outcomes in Veterans Affairs Medical Centers) project. Fifty VAMCs responded to the survey. There were 512 ambulatory care clinics within these VAMCs. There was some pharmacist coverage in 75% of the clinics. The highest pharmacist coverage was in walk-in refill, therapeutic drug monitoring, and anticoagulation clinics. Clinical pharmacists at 68% of the VAMCs had prescribing privileges in ambulatory care clinics. Clinical pharmacists managed 29.9% of the clinics. The types of clinics most commonly managed by pharmacists were therapeutic drug monitoring, anticoagulation, walk-in refill, and lipid clinics. Nurse practitioners or physician assistants also were providing primary care in 41% of the clinics. There were 242 ambulatory care clinical pharmacy specialists practicing in the 50 VAMCs. Of these, 41.3% had three years or less of ambulatory care experience. Most pharmacists were in the clinic five days per week. A Pharm.D. degree was the highest degree obtained for 76.9%. Ambulatory care pharmaceutical services are common in VAMCs and are being provided by numerous clinical pharmacists.
Layered multicast recovery

We study the problem of localizing repair packets when packets are lost during multicasts. When repair packets are multicast, a highly lossy receiver may swamp the entire multicast "group" with duplicate repair packets thereby wasting bandwidth; thus, the protocols need repair locality. We present a multicast layering scheme where the sender proactively distributes FEC repair packets among multiple multicast groups. Each receiver can selectively tune in to a subset of these multicast groups to obtain packets close in number to what it needs. We develop an efficient algorithm that dynamically determines the optimal distribution of FEC repair packets to a given (small constant) number of multicast groups. The running time of this algorithm is independent of the number of receivers in the multicast session, and is hence highly scalable. However, the optimal algorithm requires the knowledge of the FEC repair requirements of all the receivers in the multicast group, and hence is subject to the implosion problem. To handle the implosion problem, we develop an heuristic algorithm that achieves repair locality very similar to that of the optimal algorithm, but does not require as much global knowledge. Our multicast layering scheme can be integrated into known reliable multicast protocols to make them more scalable. For concreteness, we focus on: (i) singly scoped SRM, (ii) hierarchically scoped SRM, and (iii) a tree-based reliable multicasting protocol RMTP, and present combined protocols incorporating our solutions into each of them. Simulation experiments show that our solutions can substantially enhance the scalability of these reliable multicast protocols.
Evaluation of a spyware detection system using thin client computing

Spyware - malicious software that passively collects users' information without their knowledge - is a prevalent threat. After a spyware program has collected and possibly analyzed enough data, it usually transmits such information back to its author. In this paper, we build a system to detect such malicious behaving software, based on our prior work on detecting crimeware. Our system is specifically designed to fit with thin-client computing, which is popular in some corporate environments. We provide implementation details, as well as experimental results that demonstrate the scalability and effectiveness of our system.
Selenium in fly ash.

Selenium, at concentrations exceeding 200 parts per million (ppm) (dry weight), has been found in white sweet clover voluntarily growing on beds of fly ash in central New York State. Guinea pigs fed such clover concentrated selenium in their tissues. The contents of the honey stomachs of bees foraging on this seleniferous clover contained negligible selenium. Mature vegetables cultured on 10 percent (by weight) fly ash-amended soil absorbed up to 1 ppm of selenium. Fly ashes from 21 states contained total selenium contents ranging from 1.2 to 16.5 ppm. Cabbage grown on soil containing 10 percent (by weight) of these fly ashes absorbed selenium (up to 3.7 ppm) in direct proportion (correlation coefficient r = .89) to the selenium concentration in the respective fly ash. Water, aquatic weeds, algae, dragonfly nymphs, polliwogs, and tissues of bullheads and muskrats from a fly ash-contaminated pond contained concentrations of selenium markedly elevated over those of controls.
Settling of spherical particles in unbounded and confined surfactant-based shear thinning viscoelastic fluids: An experimental study

Abstract An experimental study is performed to understand and quantify settling velocity of spherical particles in unbounded and confined surfactant-based shear thinning viscoelastic fluids. Experimental data is presented to show that elastic effects can increase or decrease the settling velocity of particles, even in the creeping flow regime. Experimental data shows that a significant drag reduction occurs with increase in Weissenberg number. This is followed by a transition to increasing drag at higher Weissenberg numbers. A new correlation is presented for the sphere settling velocity in unbounded viscoelastic fluids as a function of the fluid rheology and the proppant properties. The wall factors for sphere settling velocities in viscoelastic fluids confined between solid parallel plates are calculated from experimental measurements made on these fluids over a range of Weissenberg numbers. Results indicate that elasticity reduces the effect of the confining walls and this reduction is more pronounced at higher ratios of the particle diameter to spacing between the walls. Shear thinning behavior of fluids is observed to reduce the retardation effect of the confining walls. A new empirical correlation for wall factors for spheres settling in a viscoelastic fluid confined between two parallel walls is presented.
"Old Abe" Passes Through New Jersey

The article gives an account of Abraham Lincoln's train ride from Springfield, Illinois to Washington in 1861 after Lincoln's first election as told in "The Daily Fredonian" of New Brunswick.
Scanning Electron Microscopy of Trabeculectomy Specimens from Eyes With Open-Angle Glaucoma

We examined 13 trabeculectomy specimens from ten patients with open-angle glaucoma by scanning electron microscopy. The pores of the inner travecular meshwork were not obstructed by extracellular material in all specimens, a finding contrary to a recently published report.
Small signal analysis and optimization of the BARITT diode

Abstract Carriers are injected into the delay path of the BARITT structure with zero drift velocity, hence, diffusion can not be neglected in the small signal analysis. The inclusion of a diffusion region adjacent to the injection plane produces a more physically reasonable approach to the small signal analysis. This analysis is accomplished through a regional approximation. The three regions are the diffusion region (where diffusion dominates the conduction process) a low field region (where drift dominates but the carrier velocity has not reached the saturation velocity) and a high field region (where the carriers drift with a saturated velocity). The inclusion of the diffusion region removes the zero-velocity singularity which results in the conventional analysis and accounts for an appreciable delay which has been previously neglected. The device characteristics are optimized for various device parameters. The optimized device length and most probable value of the negative resistance are given, and a qualitative discussion of the physical origin of the behavior of the device characteristics is given.
Immune‐mediated keratitis in horses: 19 cases (1998–2004)

Objective The purpose of this study is to describe clinical and histologic findings, treatment, and outcome of horses with suspected immune-mediated keratitis (IMMK). Design Retrospective study. Animals Nineteen horses that presented to NCSU-VTH from 1998 to 2004 with IMMK. Procedures Information retrieved from the medical records included signalment, duration of clinical signs, therapy prior to initial examination, ophthalmic abnormalities, diagnostics performed, therapy instituted, and long-term vision. Results Nineteen horses (22 eyes) were diagnosed with IMMK. Three distinct clinical groups were identified based on the depth of the lesion in the cornea: superficial stromal (n = 11 eyes), midstromal (n = 6 eyes), or endothelial (n = 5 eyes). Horses ranged from 5 to 19 years of age, with a mean age ± SD of 11.9 ± 3.6 years. Eleven horses had 12 months or greater duration of clinical signs of corneal disease prior to referral. Overall there was a mean duration of 11.8 ± SD 8.3 months. Superficial stromal keratitis appeared as a superficial stromal cellular infiltrate with diffuse vascularization. Midstromal keratitis appeared as midstromal cellular infiltrate with mild, surrounding corneal edema and vascularization. Endothelial disease appeared as endothelial cellular infiltrate with diffuse corneal edema. In all types of IMMK, signs of uveitis or severe discomfort were not observed. Conclusions and clinical relevance Horses with superficial IMMK responded to topical medical therapy, but responded best to surgical removal of the lesion. Horses with midstromal keratitis responded to topical cyclosporine therapy. Endothelial disease was the least amenable to therapy.
A SIMPLE DYNAMIC MODEL FOR SIMULATING DRAFT-GEAR BEHAVIOR IN RAIL-CAR IMPACTS

A new, simple dynamic model is developed for use in simulating draft-gear behavior in rail-car impacts. The model is based on an analysis of the individual components inside several types of draft gears. The transition from kinetic to static friction during the impact is included. Comparisons with drop-hammer tests and full-scale impacts show good agreement with the experimental forces and deflection. In particular two very important phenomena are correctly simulated: 1) the rise in force just before maximum travel, and 2) the stick-slip-grab phenomenon during impact.
National surveillance of herbal dietary supplement exposures: the poison control center experience

PURPOSE: The purpose of this report is to characterize reports to poison control centers (PCCs) involving two widely used herbal dietary supplements (HDSs), Echinacea, and St. John's wort (SJW). METHODS: We purchased data from the American Association of Poison Control Center's (AAPCC) toxic exposure surveillance system (TESS(R)) on reports made to PCCs in 2001 involving Echinacea or SJW. Analyses were limited to those cases in which Echinacea or SJW were the only associated products, and in which these HDSs were deemed primary to observed adverse effects. Descriptive statistics were generated for selected demographic and exposure-related variables. RESULTS: During 2001, PCCs were contacted regarding 406 exposures involving Echinacea and 356 exposures involving SJW. Most of the reported exposures for both HDSs occurred among children 5 years and younger, and the majority of exposures were coded as unintentional. For both HDSs, exposures among patients >/= 20 years old were more likely to be associated with adverse effects. Intentional exposures accounted for 21% of SJW cases and 3% of Echinacea cases, with 13% of SJW exposures reported as 'suspected suicidal'. CONCLUSIONS: TESS(R) represents a potentially important means of assessing and characterizing HDS-related adverse effects. Detailed studies validating the clinical events and outcomes of a sample of exposures reported to TESS(R) might offer substantial insights into adverse events (AEs) that could be systematically studied with other, established pharmacoepidemiological study designs. Language: en
Pathways of carbon assimilation in phytoplankton from the Antarctic Ocean1

The assimilation of [14C]bicarbonate into the major end-products of photosynthesis was measured at five stations in the Southern Ocean. Under conditions of low light intensity and low temperature ( oOC) and higher light intensities incorporation into lipid accounted for ~20% of the fixed carbon, the synthesis of polysaccharide and (to a lesser extent) protein being more prominent. Populations showing high rates of incorporation of 14C into lipid have high PC:Chl ratios, high PC:PN ratios, and low C-specific rates of ‘“C assimilation. All populations were dominated by diatoms. High concentrations of nitrate, phosphate, and silicate argue against the concept of nutrient limitation. This pattern of photosynthesis differs from that observed in many other parts of the oceans. It is suggested that the prominent synthesis of lipid is a response to extremely low temperatures and is enhanced by the additional stress of low light intensities. Morris et al. (1974) suggested that the routine 14C technique for measuring primary productivity of phytoplankton populations could be expanded relatively simply to permit measurements of the synthesis of the major end-products of photosynthesis. Convenient differential solvent extraction techniques could separate fractions containing low molecular weight metabolites, lipids, polysaccharides, and protein. Such an approach has been applied to seasonal changes in the temperate waters of the Gulf of Maine (Morris and Skea 1978). Smith and Morris (1980) give a preliminary report of the application of this technique to phytoplankton of the waters surrounding Antarctica. We thank G. Franceschini for supplying the data on daily irradiance levels, S. El-Sayed for supplying data on the nutrient concentrations, and M. K. Kennicutt II for supplying data on lipid content.
Tissue localization of 7- and 8-hydroxychlorpromazines.

Abstract The time course of physiological disposition of 3H-labeled 7-hydroxychloropromazine and 8-hydroxychlorpromazine has been examined in rats after a single dosage, and the accumulation of each compound has been studied after 6,14 and 28 doses on a bid schedule. The 8-hydroxycompound decays at a slower rate and shows a greater degree of accumulation on repeated dosage than does the 7-hydroxychlor-promazine. Both compounds enter the brain (the 7-hydroxy to a greater extent) and distribute uniformly, with no significant overt behavioral effects. Both compounds caused significant liver and kidney damage as demonstrated by histological evaluation.
Distribution of recent planktonic foraminifera in surface sediments of the Mediterranean Sea

The Mediterranean Sea is a partillay isolated ocean where excess evaporation over precipitation results in large east to west gradients in temperature and salinity. Recent planktonic foraminiferal distributions have been examined in 66 surface sediment samples from the Mediterranean Sea. In addition to mapping the frequency distribution of 16 species, the faunal data has been subjected to cluster analysis, factor analysis and species diversity analysis. The clustering of species yields assemblages that are clearly temperature related. A warm assemblage contains both tropical and subtropical elements, while the cool assemblage can be subdivided into cool-subtropical, transitional and polar-subpolar groupings. Factor analysis is used to delineate the geographic distribution of four faunal assemblages. Factor 1 is a tropical-subtropical assemblage dominated by Globigerinoiden ruber. It has its highest values in the warmer eastern basin. Transitional species (Globorotalia inflata and Globigerina bulloides) dominate factor 2 with highest values occurring in the cooler western basin. Factor 3 reflects the distribution of Neogloboquadrina dutertrei and is considered to be salinity dependent. Subpolar species dominate factor 4 (Neoglobuquadrina pachyderma and G. bulloides), with highest values occurring in the northern part of the western basin where cold bottom water is presently being formed. The Shannon-Weiner index of species diversity shows that high diversity exists over much of the western basin and immediately east of the Strait of Sicily. This region is marked by equitable environmental conditions and relatively even distribution of individuals among the species. Conversely, in areas where temperature and salinity values are more extreme, diversity values are lower and the assemblages are dominated by one or two species.
Clonazepam as an Augmenting Agent in the Treatment of Childhood-Onset Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder

This case study is of a young man with childhood onset of severe obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). The patient had no clinical improvement during therapeutic trials of clomipramine, fluoxetine, and fluvoxamine, including buspirone augmentation. The patient consumed 50 tablets of fluoxetine in a suicide attempt and experienced a total remission of his OCD symptoms for the first time in his life. This remission lasted approximately 1 month and raises interesting questions about the mechanism of action of the serotonin reuptake inhibitors. Subsequently, the patient was able to achieve a 75% improvement in symptomatology when treated with a combination of fluoxetine and clonazepam. This open report suggests that clonazepam may be an effective augmentation agent to a serotonin reuptake inhibitor in the treatment of OCD.
Observations on the mode of action of some non-depolarizing ganglion-blocking substances.

The modification of the dose-response curves for acetylcholine, tetramethylammonium and dimethylphenylpiperazinium by various non-depolarizing ganglion-blocking substances and by atropine was studied on the isolated guinea-pig ileum. Acetylcholine and tetramethylammonium had a predominantly direct (“muscarinic”) action on smooth muscle cells, dimethylphenylpiperazinium acted mainly by stimulating intramural ganglion cells. The dose-response curve for dimethylphenylpiperazinium was steeper than that for acetylcholine and tetramethylammonium; it had a descending limb.