cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The pharmacologic approach to coronary insufficiency.

Abstract The use of pharmacologic agents in coronary insufficiency has been reviewed. The mechanism of action of various drugs has been discussed with special reference to those of the nitritenitrate series. A discussion of pharmacologic agents designed to reduce hypercholesterolemia is included. The place of anticoagulant therapy is delineated. It is clear, however, that basic knowledge in this disease is in its incipiency and further precise knowledge of the mechanism of our most effective drugs is fragmentary. A need for more effective drugs is urgent. More work at an enzyme level is required to determine the biochemical lesion responsible for coronary spasticity and insufficiency with occlusion. The hope for the future is figuratively expressed in the cogent statement of Sir Frederick Hopkins, “In a country rich in gold observant wayfarers may find nuggets on their path, but only systematic mining may provide the currency of nations.”
Focal plane detector for the S800 high-resolution spectrometer

Abstract The Focal Plane Detector Array of the S800 Spectrometer consists of a series of two x/y Position Sensitive Cathode Readout Drift Counters (CRDCs) separated by 1 m, a segmented Ionization Chamber that is 41 cm deep and three scintillators that are 5, 10 and 20 cm thick, respectively. All detectors have an active area of 30 cm × 59 cm. The detectors have met the design goals of allowing 1 part in 10 000 energy resolution.
Improved polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis with different amino acids as the trailing constituent.

Abstract Using a polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoretic system similar to that described by J. T. Clarke (1964, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci.121, 428–436), we have achieved an improved separation of hemoglobins from Rana catesbeiana tadpoles by substituting one of several amino acids in the place of glycine in the electrode chamber buffer. The relative migrations (Rf) and degree of separation of these similar hemoglobins are proportional to the pK′ of the α-amino group of the amino acid used in the buffer. Specifically, for these proteins, log (Rf × 100) was found to be directly proportional to the pK′2 of the amino acid divided by the volume conductivity (specific conductance) of the electrode chamber buffer. For example, improved separation of these hemoglobins in short electrophoretic times can be achieved, at low cost, by using dl -alanine instead of glycine in the buffer. Improved separation of other proteins which migrate at basic pH might be achieved by a similar approach.
Is There an Association Between Polypropylene Midurethral Slings and Malignancy

Objective To examine any association between polypropylene mesh used in midurethral slings and malignancy in humans. Macroporous, monofilament polypropylene midurethral slings have been established as a safe and effective treatment for stress urinary incontinence. However, despite long-term studies supporting the efficacy and safety of midurethral slings, there have been concerns regarding the general risks of using mesh in transvaginal surgery. In addition, concerns have recently been raised about synthetic midurethral slings and a possible link with malignancy. Therefore, the goal of this work was to further assess any association between polypropylene mesh slings and malignancy. Materials and Methods All sling procedures performed at our institution from 2004 to 2013 were retrospectively reviewed. From within this group, the International Classification of Disease codes for urethral cancer, vaginal cancer, and bladder cancer were reviewed. Results From 2004-2013, 2545 procedures were performed. Of these, 2361 (96.3%) underwent polypropylene midurethral sling placement. Average follow-up after sling placement was 42.0 ± 38.6 months, with follow-up extending up to 122.3 months. The rate of bladder cancer after the sling procedure was 1 of 2361 (0.0%), with the same rate of vaginal cancer. No sarcomas were noted. Conclusion Overall, the rate of malignancy after polypropylene mesh midurethral sling placement in our series was 0.0% (2 of 2361). With a mean follow-up of almost 4 years and follow-up extending up to a maximum of 122.3 months, our series does not support any association between the polypropylene mesh used for midurethral slings and the development of malignancy in humans.
Philosophy of Education is Bent

Troubled times in education means that philosophers of education, who seem to never stop making defenses of our field, have to do so with more flexibility and a greater understanding of how peripheral we may have become. The only thing worse than a defensive philosopher is a confident and certain philosopher, so it may be that our very marginality will give us renewed energies for problematizing education. Occupying our marginal position carefully and in concert with other marginal inquiries, I think, will do our field good. Because of its attention to what it takes to be willing to learn and to approach theoretical and real world obstacles with open if cautious interest, philosophy of education is about holding concepts and movements in tension, bending the implications of commonplace, commonsensical ideas about education, and carefully examining the all of these maneuvers for the exclusions they wittingly and unwittingly produce. Problematizing the certainties derived from majoritarian positions, be it whiteness, Westernness, or any other dominant perspective, can provide us with a diversity of claims to scrutinize and epistemological positions to be wary of.
Can we target tubular damage to prevent renal function decline in diabetes

The glomerulus has been at the center of attention as the primary site of injury in diabetic nephropathy (DN). Although there is no question that there are changes seen in the glomerulus, it is also well known that tubulointerstitial changes are a prominent component of the disease, especially in patients with type 2 diabetes. The level of albuminuria and DN disease progression best correlate with tubular degeneration and interstitial fibrosis. Nephrotoxicity studies in animals reveal that albuminuria is a highly sensitive marker of early tubular toxicity even in the absence of glomerular pathology. Urinary biomarker data in human beings support the view that proximal tubule injury contributes in a primary way, rather than in a secondary manner, to the development of early DN. I present a model in which very specific injury to the proximal tubule in vivo in the mouse results in severe inflammation, loss of blood vessels, interstitial fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis. Increased glucose levels, free glycation adducts, reactive oxygen species, and oxidized lipids result in toxicity to tubule epithelia. This results in loss of cells with a stimulus to repair the epithelium. However, because of sublethal injury there is cell-cycle arrest in epithelial cells attempting to replace damaged cells. This leads to epithelial secretion of both profibrogenic growth factors, collagens, and factors that cause pericytes to proliferate and differentiate into myofibroblasts, leading to endothelial destabilization and capillary rarefaction. Local ischemia ensues with further injury to the tubules, more profibrogenic mediators, matrix protein deposition, fibrosis, and glomerulosclerosis.
Changing patterns in the AIEE

As his term of office draws to a close, AIEE President Coover reports on the current status of the Institute, progress during the past administrative year, and the outlook for the future.
Effects of toxic chemicals on some adaptive liver enzymes, liver glycogen, and blood glucose in fasted rats

Abstract After poisoning by an irritant (acrolein) and several organophosphate insecticides, the liver glycogen content of fasted rats was increased. This effect and the effects of these chemicals on blood glucose and some adaptive rat liver enzymes were compared in adrenalectomized, hypophysectomized, and adrenal demedullated rats, and in rats treated with inhibitors of protein synthesis. The results suggested that acrolein increased glycogen deposition by stimulating the secretion of increased amounts of adrenal glucocorticoids which in turn stimulate the synthesis of adaptive liver enzymes that are required for gluconeogenesis and glycogenesis. Increased liver glycogen deposition after administration of the organosphate Guthion appeared to be dependent upon adrenal hormones but was apparently independent of stimulation of adaptive enzyme synthesis. Increased availability of carbohydrate precursors resulting from increased muscle glycogenolysis appears to contribute to the hyperglycemia and liver glycogen depositions following Guthion poisoning.
Synthesis of some new hydrazone derivatives.

Abstract The synthesis of D-glucuronolactone and D-mannuronolactone p -cyanobenzoyl hydrazones is reported. Also reported is a new melting point for p -cyanobenzoyl hydrazide. Infrared studies supporting evidence that the hydrazones exist in the uronolactone and not in the uronic add form is reported.
Exercise and Weight Loss: What Is the Evidence of Sex Differences?

Regular physical activity, in the form of structured daily exercise, plays a large role in obesity management. Previous studies suggest that when sedentary men and women start an exercise training program, men lose more body weight than women. This has led researchers to reason that women are better at defending weight than men in response to exercise. In this article, we review exercise studies examining weight loss in men and women, and highlight hormonal, neuronal, and ad libitum energy intake responses to physical activity that is consistent with or in disagreement with sex differences in weight loss. The developing story may impact our view on the use of physical activity to influence body weight and whether a true sex difference is evident.
Report of Committee on the Chemistry of Natural Waters, 1840–41

The membership of the Committee during the past year was as follows: I. A. Dennison. Bureau of Standards; C. S. Scofield, Department of Agriculture; D. G. Thompson, Geological Survey; T. G. Thompson, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington; and C. S. Howard, United States Geological Survey, Washington, D.C. (Chairman). Doctor Dennison has continued his studies on the corrosion of metals and has prepared, for publication by the National Bureau of Standards, certain information concerning field-tests of natural resistance to corrosion. This report indicates the effect of various elements used as alloys. The tests have not yet been sufficiently comprehensive to furnish a discussion of the relation between the chemical composition of materials under the test and their behavior in various environments.
T08-O-10 Therapeutic techniques for treating religion based sexual shame in clients

Objective The objective of this session is to provide a theoretical framework and practical guidelines for working with clients who experience difficulty reconciling their sexuality with their spiritual identity within the major Western faith traditions. Specific emphasis will be placed on addressing sexual shame originating from the fallacy of equating the avoidance of sexuality with purity, as well as exploring the psychogenesis of religious and shame-based sexual dysfunction. Design and Method The presentation content will be based on both empirical research as well as qualitative data collected from private psychotherapeutic practice specializing in dealing with sexual dysfunction and religious shame. Data presented will include both a conceptual foundation of the issue, as well as treatment applications for practitioners. Results The disavowal of natural human sexuality not only fails to augment spiritual expression, but actually contributes to sexual dysfunction and personality fragmentation through the psychological tendency to bond with the very things we most repress. Helping clients to discover and embrace their sexuality not only results in greater wholeness and self-awareness, but also assists in the recognition and eradication of their sexual shame by reclaiming the gift of their sexual identities. Conclusions Sexuality need not be separate and disjointed from a client's spiritual belief set. Indeed, it is both a vibrant and necessary expression of Creation itself, and one cannot truly possess a healthy spiritual and personal identity without first being able to embrace his or her sexuality.
Fild-Dependence, Cognitive Ability, and Academic Achievement in Anglo American and Mexican American Students:

This study examined the relatedness of field-dependence to tasks of cognitive ability and academic achievement. Sixty Anglo American and 60 Mexican American 4th-grade students, whose primary home language was English, served as subjects. Students completed a series of associative-memory and reasoning ability tasks. Field-dependence evidenced a strong relationship with a nonverbal test of reasoning ability as well as with measures of reading and math achievement. Ethnic differences in the field-dependence construct were not found, although ethnic differences in academic achievement were evidenced. Achievement differences between Anglo and Mexican American students became nonsignificant, however, when parental level of education was controlled statistically. Finally, the best predictor of academic achievement was found to be a three-variable combination, which consisted of a field-dependence task, a nonverbal test of reasoning ability, and the student's parental level of education. Results of this study sup...
Suppression of the zero-order diffraction beam from computer-generated holograms produced by a DLP spatial light modulator

We present a new optical technique to suppress the unwanted zero-order diffraction (ZOD) in holograms produced by the digital micromirror device (DMD). The proposed optical architecture consists of two light beams illuminating the DMD in an interferometer configuration. The two beams are incident from different angles, +24° and -24°, in order to utilize light diffracted from all the pixels to produce a binary Fresnel hologram. The relation between these two beams diffracting from the DMD was found to be complementary, and they both generated the same reconstructed image pattern. With π phase difference between the two beams, the diffracted beams had their ZOD components out of phase while the reconstructed holograms were identical and in phase. Experiments were conducted to demonstrate ZOD suppression by destructive interference and simultaneous hologram enhancement by constructive interference. The method was shown to suppress the ZOD by a factor of 2.9 in a Fresnel hologram.
PEP: A FORTRAN Program for Item Analysis.

A computer program for item evaluation, reliability estimation, and test scoring is described. The program contains a variable format procedure allowing flexible input of responses. Achievement tests and affective scales may be analyzed.
Script-based story matching for cyberbullying prevention

While the Internet and social media help keep today's youth better connected to their friends, family, and community, the same media are also the form of expression for an array of harmful social behaviors, such as cyberbullying and cyber-harassment. In this paper we present work in progress to develop intelligent interfaces to social media that use commonsense knowledge bases and automated narrative analyses of text communications between users to trigger selective interventions and prevent negative outcomes. While other approaches seek merely to classify the overall topic of the text, we try to match stories to finer-grained ''scripts' that represent stereotypical events and actions. For example, many bullying stories can be matched to a ''revenge' script that describes trying to harm someone who has harmed you. These tools have been implemented in an initial prototype system and tested on a database of real stories of cyberbullying collected on MTV's ''A Thin Line' Web site.
Improvements in the Life Expectancy of Type 1 Diabetes: The Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications Study Cohort

Survival in type 1 diabetes has improved, but the impact on life expectancy in the U.S. type 1 diabetes population is not well established. Our objective was to estimate the life expectancy of the Pittsburgh Epidemiology of Diabetes Complications (EDC) study cohort and quantify improvements by comparing two subcohorts based on year of diabetes diagnosis (1950–1964 [ n = 390] vs. 1965–1980 [ n = 543]). The EDC study is a prospective cohort study of 933 participants with childhood-onset (aged P
Sympathetic restraint of muscle blood flow at the onset of dynamic exercise

Little attention has focused on sympathetic influences on skeletal muscle blood flow at the onset of exercise. We hypothesized that 1) the sympathetic nervous system constrains muscle blood flow an...
Evapotranspiration partitioning in semiarid shrubland ecosystems: A two-site evaluation of soil moisture control on transpiration

Vegetation of dryland ecosystems is sensitive to precipitation pulses. Future climate scenarios suggest that the frequency and magnitude of precipitation events will change. How much and to what extent will these changes impact the hydrological cycle in creosotebush (Larrea tridentata) shrublands that dominate the three North American hot deserts? In this study, we examine the partitioning of precipitation inputs into bare soil evaporation (E) and transpiration (T) within creosotebush ecosystems at sites characterized by bimodal precipitation regimes: the Santa Rita Experimental Range (SRER) and the Walnut Gulch Experimental Watershed (WGEW). At both sites, during summer 2008, we measured evapotranspiration (ET) using eddy covariance, whole plant T using the heat-balance sap flow, and soil moisture at several depths. During the dry period preceding the summer monsoon, both ET and soil moisture were very low. With the onset of summer rains, E dominated ET; shrub transpiration did not respond to increases in soil moisture for approximately 3 more weeks. A series of large precipitation events increased moisture at deeper soil layers, and triggered T. Overall, ET was largely correlated to moisture levels in shallow soil layers typical of dryland ecosystems dominated by dry conditions, high evaporative demand, and poor soil infiltration. Under the current precipitation regime, characterized by many small storms and few large storms, soil moisture is low with most precipitation inputs lost as E. However, if climatic changes lead to less frequent but larger precipitation events, dryland communities could experience shifts in the partitioning of ET affecting the hydrologic budget of the ecosystem. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
cWINNOWER algorithm for finding fuzzy DNA motifs

The cWINNOWER algorithm detects fuzzy motifs in DNA sequences rich in protein-binding signals. A signal is defined as any short nucleotide pattern having up to d mutations differing from a motif of length l. The algorithm finds such motifs if multiple mutated copies of the motif (i.e., the signals) are present in the DNA sequence in sufficient abundance. The cWINNOWER algorithm substantially improves the sensitivity of the winnower method of Pevzner and Sze by imposing a consensus constraint, enabling it to detect much weaker signals. We studied the minimum number of detectable motifs q/sub c/ as a function of sequence length N for random sequences. We found that q/sub c/ increases linearly with N for a fast version of the algorithm based on counting three-member sub-cliques. Imposing consensus constraints reduces q/sub c/ by a factor of three in this case, which makes the algorithm dramatically more sensitive. Our most sensitive algorithm, which counts four-member sub-cliques, needs a minimum of only 13 signals to detect motifs in a sequence of length N=12000 for (l, d)=(15,4).
Diagnostic accuracy of heart rate-adjusted ST segments compared with standard ST-segment criteria

We compared the accuracy of ST segment/heart rate (ST/HR) index with that of standard criteria (> or = 0.1 mV horizontal/downsloping ST depression 80 ms after the J point) in 121 patients who had undergone angiography (49 with > or = 1 lesion with > or = 50% stenosis) and 50 clinically normal subjects. All exercise tests used the Cornell protocol and computer measurements of maximal ST depression 80 ms after the J point. Thresholds with equal specificity to standard criteria were determined for ST/HR index using each of the 2 normal groups (those who were normal by angiography and those who were clinically normal). In using only patients who underwent angiography, we found that the ST/HR index had a sensitivity that was not significantly greater than that of standard criteria (standard criteria 51%, ST/HR index 59%; p = 0.21). However, the receiver-operating characteristic curve area increased from 64 +/- 4 to 68 +/- 4 (p < 0.02). When clinically normal subjects were used instead of patients without angiographic disease, there was a clearly discernible improvement in sensitivity of ST/HR index over standard criteria (standard criteria 51%, ST/HR index 69%; p < 0.05). The associated curve areas were 69 +/- 4 and 79 +/- 3 (p < 0.001). Therefore, accuracy of the ST/HR index was marginally better than standard criteria only in patients who underwent angiography. When clinically normal subjects were used, the accuracy of the ST/HR index was definitely better than standard criteria. We conclude that the demonstration of improved accuracy of the ST/HR index depends on the population being tested.
The Roman fort at Yotvata: a foundation under Valens?

The site was badly damaged in 1958, when a large trench for an oil pipeline was dug through the middle of it. Although Z. Meshel (Tel Aviv University) conducted soundings at the fort in 1975-76, the most important discovery was made accidentally in 1985, when a water pipe on the E side of the site burst, bringing to light a monumental Latin inscription.4 This stone block (not found in position but lying near the East Gate, from which perhaps it tumbled), refers to a Tetrarchic fort established by Priscus, praeses of Palaestina, who is also known from an inscription at Caesarea Maritima.5 Since that discovery, scholars have assumed that the fort at Yotvata was built when Diocletian transferred Legio X Fretensis from Jerusalem to Aila in the last decade of the 3rd c.6 Instead, we suggest that the fort was established no earlier than the mid-4th c., and most likely during the reign of Valens (364-78).
Diagnosing the Observed Seasonal Cycle of Atlantic Subtropical Mode Water Using Potential Vorticity and Its Attendant Theorems

Analyzed fields of ocean circulation and the flux form of the potential vorticity equation are used to map the creation and subsequentcirculation of lowpotential vorticity waters known as subtropical mode water (STMW) in the North Atlantic. Novel mapping techniques are applied to (i) render the seasonal cycle and annual-mean mixed layer vertical flux of potential vorticity (PV) through outcrops and (ii) visualize the extraction ofPV from the mode water layer in winter, over and to the south of the Gulf Stream. Both buoyancy loss and wind forcing contributetotheextractionofPV,buttheauthorsfindthattheformergreatlyexceedsthelatter.Thesubsequent path of STMW is also mapped using Bernoulli contours on isopycnal surfaces.
Potential applications of advanced thermoelectrics in the automobile industry

Several proposed applications of thermoelectric devices in the automobile industry are reviewed. These are: exhaust gas thermoelectric generator; air conditioning (thermoelectric cooling); and microelectronics cooling using thin-film thermoelectrics. The key to the realization of these technologies is the continued development of new materials with increased thermoelectric efficiency.
A Decade of Changes Since the St. Mary's Conference: An Interview With Thomas V. McGovern

Tom Pusateri received his doctorate degree in 1984 from Ohio State University. He is a professor of psychology at Loras College in Dubuque, Iowa specializing in Social and Industrial/Organizational psychology. He served a 2-year appointment as Assessment Coordinator for his campus, continues to serve on its assessment committee, and has delivered several conference presentations on assessment. Tom serves as Executive Director for the Society for the Teaching of Psychology. Tom McGovern is professor and cofounder of the interdisciplinary Department of Integrative Studies at Arizona State University West. He was the first campus-wide Director of Assessment at Virginia Commonwealth University. Tom chaired the American Psychological Association (APA)/Association of American Colleges' project on liberal learning and study in depth as well as the steering committee for the St. Mary's Conference on Enhancing Undergraduate Education in Psychology (McGovern, 1993). He coauthored the Quality Principles with the ste...
The Effects of a 15-Week Exercise Intervention on Fitness and Postural Control in Older Adults

Falls are the leading cause of nonfatal injuries in older adults and often lead to adverse changes in confidence and lifestyle that trigger further declines in postural control. Decreased fitness is associated with poor performance on postural control assessments, especially those that increase task difficulty. The purpose of this study was to analyze the impact of a traditional group fitness class and a Wii fitness exercise program on individual's ability to maintain postural control with an environmental distracter. Eighty-seven community-dwelling seniors were randomized into one of three groups (Control, Wii Fitness, Group Fitness). Interventions were delivered three times per week for 15 weeks. A significant improvement in the Sensory Organization Test (SOT) equilibrium score was seen over time. There was a significant training group by time interaction for 6-minute walk (p = 0.14, effect size = .776). There was a significant pretest (7.2 ± 1.4) post-test (6.7 ± 1.4) comparison for 8-foot Timed “Up an...
Plasma epidermal growth factor levels predict cognitive decline in Parkinson disease

Objective Most people with Parkinson disease (PD) eventually develop cognitive impairment (CI). However, neither the timing of onset nor the severity of cognitive symptoms can be accurately predicted. We sought plasma-based biomarkers for CI in PD. Methods A discovery cohort of 70 PD patients was recruited. Cognitive status was evaluated with the Mattis Dementia Rating Scale-2 (DRS) at baseline and on annual follow-up visits, and baseline plasma levels of 102 proteins were determined with a bead-based immunoassay. Using linear regression, we identified biomarkers of CI in PD, that is, proteins whose levels correlated with cognitive performance at baseline and/or cognitive decline at follow-up. We then replicated the association between cognitive performance and levels of the top biomarker, using a different technical platform, with a separate cohort of 113 PD patients. Results Eleven proteins exhibited plasma levels correlating with baseline cognitive performance in the discovery cohort. The best candidate was epidermal growth factor (EGF, p < 0.001); many of the other 10 analytes covaried with EGF across samples. Low levels of EGF not only correlated with poor cognitive test scores at baseline, but also predicted an 8-fold greater risk of cognitive decline to dementia-range DRS scores at follow-up for those with intact baseline cognition. A weaker, but still significant, relationship between plasma EGF levels and cognitive performance was found in an independent replication cohort of 113 PD patients. Interpretation Our data suggest that plasma EGF may be a biomarker for progression to CI in PD. Ann Neurol 2010
Blinatumomab for the treatment of B-cell lymphoma

Introduction: Blinatumomab is a bispecific T-cell engager (BiTE) molecule that recruits cytotoxic T cells to target tumor B cells by linking the CD3 and CD19 antigens. Among the various formats of bispecific antibodies developed in the past 50 years, the BiTE class is remarkable for its low effector-to-target ratio, high tissue penetration and singular ability to activate T cells independent of MHC class I presentation or costimulation. Blinatumomab has been studied in patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma (NHL) and B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).Areas covered: This article reviews the current literature on blinatumomab including its pharmacology, preclinical findings, clinical trials in B-cell NHL and, to a lesser extent, Phase II studies in B-ALL. The authors discuss the potential future directions in light of other new competing therapies for NHL and unmet clinical needs in the market.Expert opinion: The recent approval of blinatumomab for B-ALL symbolizes a brea...
Genetic comparison of the rhabdoviruses from animals and plants.

There are more than 160 viral species in the Rhabdovidae family, most of which can be grouped into one of the six genera including Vesiculovirus, Lyssavirus, Ephemerovirus, Novirhabdovirus, Cytorhabdovirus, and Nucleorhabdovirus. These viruses are not only morphologically similar but also genetically related. Analysis of viral genes shows that rhabdoviruses are more closely related to each other than to viruses in other families. With the development of reverse genetics, the functions of many cis- and trans-elements important in the process of viral transcription and replication have been clearly defined such as the leader, trailer, and the intergenic sequences. Furthermore, it has been shown that there are two entry sites for the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase: 3′ entry for leader synthesis and RNA replication, and direct entry at the N gene start sequence for transcription of the monocistronic mRNAs.
Mechanism of Insulin Convulsions. III. Effects of Varying Partial Pressures of Atmospheric Gases After Adrenalectomy

ConclusionsAnoxic anoxia (breathing 5% O2 plus 95% N2) causes hypoglycemia in adrenalectomized dogs without insulin in contrast to the hyperglycemia observed in normal animals. Insulin convulsions are prevented by anoxia of this degree even when the fall in blood sugar is maximal. Breathing 15% CO2 likewise tends to prevent insulin convulsions from occurring.
Distribution and excretion of radioactive hafnium181 sodium mandelate in the rat.

Conclusion1. The distribution and excretion of radioactive hafniurri181 sodium mandelate after its intravenous administration was studied in 17 rats sacrificed at intervals of 1, 2,3,4,8, and 16 days. 2. Seventy to 90% of the total activity was retained in the liver, spleen, the skeletal, muscular, and integumentary (pelt) systems. 3. Specific activities showed the spleen to be highest, followed by the liver, bone, and kidneys. 4. The adrenals, thyroid, pancreas, salivary glands, and testes showed a slight, but appreciable retention. 5. Hafnium in the blood was found chiefly (95 %) in the plasma and remained in appreciable amounts to 4 days. 6. Seven per cent of the total dose was excreted in 16 days with more being eliminated in the urine than in the feces, the urine/feces ratio being 2.4.
Designing a Help System Using a Goms Model: A Preliminary Method Execution Analysis

The GOMS model (Card, Moran, and Newell, 1983) was used to develop the content of a help system from the goals, operators, methods, and selection rules needed to perform HyperCard™ authoring tasks. Three groups of 12 novice HyperCard users performed 28 authoring tasks using either the GOMS help system, an original help system developed by Apple® Computer, or no help at all (a control group). In the two help groups, users were provided the most complete help method and did not have to search for the help information. The results indicated that both help systems significantly decreased the time spent performing the authoring tasks when compared to the control group. Although a 23% decrease in execution time for GOMS users compared to original users was not significant, variance ratios confirmed that GOMS users, as a group, were more consistent when compared to original and control users. Also, GOMS users spent significantly less time per help display, translating the help methods into execution performance ...
Discussion on Ion Grounding Deep Well Simulation Method Based on CDEGS

In high soil resistivity region,resistance reducing measure of ion grounding deep well is gradually applied in resistance reducing engineering of substation grounding grid.For correctly estimate resistance reducing effect and guiding specific design,it is required to carry on correct simulation on ion grounding deep well.Based on CDEGS software,this paper proposes a kind of reasonable simulation method of ion grounding deep well model.Combining with a practical engineering application and by field testing and simulating results,it verifies feasibility of this method which is able to solve reasonable simulation problem of ion grounding deep well and play a further complete role in analyzing safety of grounding grid design stage.
Evaluation on toxicity and security of Koralone HP150 disinfectant

Objective:To study general toxicity and security of Koralone HP150 disinfectant.Methods:The study was conducted according to medical department "Technology Standard For Disinfection " 2002 procedures and methods.Results:Animal experiment demonstrated that the LD50 of Koralone HP150 was 3160 mg/kg·bw.(oral to NIH mice) belong to low-toxic grade.And there had no significant difference between the experimental groups and the control group in acute inhaling toxicity test,a complete skin irritant test,acute eyes stimulative test,skin allergic test,the test of sperm shape abnormality,micronucleus test,the test of sperm shape abnormality,chromosome aberration test of bone marrow cell ect(P0.05).Conclusion:Koralone HP150 disinfectant is a kind of non-irritant disinfectant with low toxicity.
Multidisciplinary program for detecting and evaluating adverse drug reactions

An adverse drug reaction (ADR)-reporting program involving detection of charted ADRs by quality assurance nurses and data collection and causality assessment by staff pharmacists is described. The voluntary ADR-reporting mechanism used in a 900-bed, university-based hospital complex produced less than one ADR report per month. The newly implemented system depends on nurses to detect and report documented ADRs through concurrent chart review. Staff pharmacists are then responsible for follow-up chart review, data collection, and causality assignment based on two published algorithms. An inservice education program designed to increase the awareness and understanding of ADRs was provided to the department of pharmacy and the quality assurance nurses. The clinical staff provides quality assurance through weekly ADR committee meetings. Drug information center personnel complete the causality algorithms by using the data collected by the staff pharmacists. The ADR committee then compares the algorithm results of the two assessors. Discrepancies in scoring are evaluated to determine whether a change in the system is necessary. An FDA report is generated if the staff pharmacist assessor and the drug information center assessor obtain results of "probable" for both algorithms. An ADR-reporting program that relies on quality assurance nurses to detect charted ADRs and on staff pharmacists to evaluate reported ADRs increased the average number of ADRs reported from 0.4 to 20 per month.
Synthesis of Cyclic Porphyrin Trimers through Alkyne Metathesis Cyclooligomerization and Their Host-Guest Binding Study

Cyclic porphyrin trimers were synthesized through one-step cyclooligomerization via alkyne metathesis from diyne monomers. These macrocycles show interesting host–guest binding interactions with fullerenes, selectively binding C70 (6 × 103 M–1) over C60 and C84 (no binding observed). The fullerene-encapsulated host–guest complex can undergo guest or host exchange in the presence of another guest (2,4,6-tri(4-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) or host (cage COP5) molecule with higher binding affinity.
Re-Dreams: Virtù, Saving the Rinascimento, and the Satyr in the Garden (c. 1500–c. 1560)

Re-Dreams of Virtu : Machiavelli and Other Secular Prophets Niccolo Machiavelli (1469–1527) would become one of the most prominent secular prophets who presented a vision of social and cultural reform that might save the Rinascimento in its time of crisis, even as he was often portrayed as one of the most dangerous satyrs in its garden – if not the Serpent himself. But there was no lack of other prophets with competing visions for saving Italy. Along with Old Nick, three other important and controversial figures seem particularly significant in the rethinking of the civilta of the day that was a much more general phenomenon in the early sixteenth century: Baldassare Castiglione (1478–1529), Ludovico Ariosto (1474–1533), and Pietro Aretino (1492–1556). Each in his own way wrestled with the underlying problem of the new that threatened Italy and its urban society and culture. Moreover, if at first sight their ideas seem profoundly different, at least for Machiavelli and Castiglione, their underlying answer to the problems of Italy was based upon a long established discourse that ran deeply in the shared primary culture of the Rinascimento. Both called for a return to that virtu that had made Italy great, and both shared the vision that it was the lack of virtu that had opened the doors of Italy to conquerors from over the Alps: for it was a lack of virtu that had led to the corrupt and ineffective governments of the recent past, and it was a lack of virtu that had made the people of Italy “soft and effeminate.” Thus in returning to virtu , and to the way Machiavelli and Castiglione used the term to think about the troubled nature of their day, rather than merely examining the vision of famous writers on virtu , we are once again tracing the parameters of a particularly significant discourse of the primary culture of the day – a shared discourse that drew much of its strength from its long tradition of defining moral and social superiority with a classical pedigree.
Myxozoa in Haeckels Shadow

The “new” Cnidaria incorporating oligocellular myxozoans with multicellular cnidarians flouts Ernst Haeckel’s biogenetic law and challenges contemporary hierarchical preconceptions of evolution, development, and biological structure. Instead of distorting definitions of embryos, tissues, and organs in order to bring once - unicellular eukaryotes under the aegis of Eumetazoa, current molecular, structural, and developmental data should be incorporated into proposals for new evolutionary mechanisms, such as the symbiogeny hypothesis.
Doctors and Witches, Conscience and Violence: Abortion Provision on American Television.

CONTEXT: Popular entertainment may reflect and produce-as well as potentially contest-stigma regarding abortion provision. Knowledge of how providers are portrayed on-screen is needed to improve understanding of how depictions may contribute to the stigmatization of real providers. METHODS: All abortion provision plotlines on American television from 2005 to 2014 were identified through Internet searches. Plotlines were assessed in their entirety and coded for genre, abortion provision space, provider characteristics, method and efficacy of provision, and occurrence of violence. Inductive content analysis was used to identify themes in how these features were depicted. RESULTS: Fifty-two plotlines involving abortion provision were identified on 40 television shows; a large majority of plotlines appeared in dramas, particularly in the subgenre of medical dramas. Medical spaces were depicted as normal and safe for abortion provision, and nonmedical spaces were often portrayed as remote and unsafe. Legal abortion care using medical methods was depicted as effective and safe, and legal providers were presented as compassionate, while providers operating outside of medical and legal authority were depicted as ineffective, dangerous and uncaring. Fictional providers were largely motivated by the belief that abortion provision is a necessary and moral service. Plotlines linked abortion provision to violence. CONCLUSIONS: The differing ways in which legal and illegal abortion are portrayed reveal potential consequences regarding real-world abortion provision, and suggest that representations situated in medical contexts may work to legitimate and destigmatize such provision.Copyright © 2016 by the Guttmacher Institute. Language: en
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) and the Impact on Daily Life

Traumatic brain injuries have the potential to significantly disrupt an individual’s ability to engage in daily activities both within their home and community. Changes in physical, emotional, and visual perceptual and cognitive functioning can change the ability to perform the tasks related to one’s life roles. This chapter provides an overview of the changes associated with traumatic brain injury and provides strategies for adapting and coping with these changes as the individual recovers.
Energy intensities in OECD countries: an historical analysis

We discuss the evolution of energy intensities between the early 1970s and the late 1980s in nine DECD countries. Our analysis relies on detailed national–level data that we compiled over the past decade rather than published data from international sources it focuses on key sectors or subsectors in each country: manufacturing, transportation (automobile, air, and freight trucking), residential (space heating and other end uses), and the service sector. Intensity changes varied among the sectors and countries, but common trends are visible in many cases. In most cases, the intensity decline slowed or ceased in the mid–1980s. We discuss the causes for the changes observed in each area, showing how energy–price changes were but one of many factors that played a role. Weighting the changes in intensities by 1973 energy use patterns, we find that the aggregate energy intensity index fell by 14–19 per cent between 1973 and 1988 in the US, Japan, and West Germany.
A novel, multiplexed, probe-based quantitative PCR assay for the soybean root- and stem-rot pathogen, Phytophthora sojae, utilizes its transposable element.

Phytophthora root rot of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] is caused by the oomycete Phytophthora sojae (Kaufm. & Gerd.). P. sojae has a narrow host range, consisting primarily of soybean, and it is a serious pathogen worldwide. It exists in root and stem tissues as mycelium, wherein it can form oospores which subsequently germinate to release motile, infectious zoospores. Molecular assays detecting DNA of P. sojae are useful in disease diagnostics, and for determining the presence of the organism in host tissues, soils, and runoff or ponded water from potentially infested fields. Such assays as published have utilized ITS sequences from the nuclear ribosomal RNA genes in conventional PCR or dye-binding quantitative PCR (Q-PCR) but are not amenable to multiplexing, and some of these assays did not utilize control strategies for type I or type II errors. In this study, we describe primers and a bifunctional probe with specificity to a gypsy-like retroelement in the P. sojae genome to create a fluorogenic 5’-exonuclease linear hydrolysis assay, with a multiplexed internal control reaction detecting an exogenous target to validate negative calls, and with uracil-deglycosylase-mediated protection against carryover contamination. The assay specifically detected 13 different P. sojae isolates, and excluded 17 other Phytophthora species along with 20 non-Phytophthora fungal and oomycete species pathogenic on soybean. A diagnostic limit of detection of 34 fg total P. sojae DNA was observed in serial dilutions, equivalent to 0.3 genome, and a practical detection sensitivity of four zoospores per sample was achieved, despite losses during DNA extraction.
Carbon Contamination During Ion Irradiation - Accurate Detection and Characterization of its Effect on Microstructure of Ferritic/Martensitic Steels

Accelerator-based ion beam irradiation techniques have been used to study radiation effects in materials for decades. Although carbon contamination induced by ion beams in target materials is a well-known issue in some material systems, it has not been fully characterized nor quantified for studies in ferritic/martensitic (F/M) steels that are candidate materials for applications such as core structural components in advanced nuclear reactors. It is an especially important issue for this class of material because of the strong effect of carbon level on precipitate formation. In this paper, the ability to quantify carbon contamination using three common techniques, namely time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectroscopy (ToF-SIMS), atom probe tomography (APT), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) is compared. Their effectiveness and shortcomings in determining carbon contamination are presented and discussed. The corresponding microstructural changes related to carbon contamination in ion irradiated F/M steels are also presented and briefly discussed.
Abstract P1-02-02: FASN inhibition by TVB-3166 associates with breast cancer subtype

Fatty acid synthase (FASN) is overexpressed in numerous tumor types, including breast carcinomas, and promotes changes in the genetic program controlling lipid biosynthesis. While inhibiting FASN appears to be an attractive therapeutic approach under development, the success of this approach may depend on the identification of tumor subtypes with specific metabolic requirements. Applying a comprehensive profile of circulating tumor cells (CTC) using canonical pathway gene sets, we identified a correlation of metabolic subtypes with breast tumor subtype. A lipogenic subtype is strongly associated with Luminal A subtype, whereas the glycolytic subtype associated with Luminal B tumors. The triple negative subtype was more heterogeneous and had the expression of both sets of gene. Such a difference in the metabolic profile may dictate differential sensitivity to inhibitors targeting de novo lipid synthesis, including FASN. This was supported by in vitro studies using selective FASN inhibitor, TVB-3166. Exposure to TVB-3166 over 14 days incubation in Advanced MEM with 1% charcoal-stripped FBS selectively inhibited growth and viability of Luminal A breast cancer cells, but had no effect on Luminal B subtype. This was further confirmed in short-term patient derived cultures. Mechanistic studies suggest that TVB-3166 quickly disrupts FA synthesis leading to the disruption of the lipid raft architecture and tumor cell death through an apoptotic mechanism. In conclusion, our findings highlight that success of targeting cancer metabolism directly may depend on identification of tumor subtypes with specific metabolic requirements. Citation Format: Gruslova AB, Chen C-L, Wang C-M, Elledge RM, Kaklamani VG, Lathrop K, Huang TH, Brenner A. FASN inhibition by TVB-3166 associates with breast cancer subtype [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P1-02-02.