cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Mysticism and Rationalistic Metaphysics

"Mystics" are persons who say, or of whom it is said, that they have had immediate experience of God?or of the eminent, supreme, or unsurpassable Reality; but the term mystic is also used to denote a person who insists that this Reality is ineffable or can only be characterized in paradoxical or, at least seemingly, contradictory ways.1 The two aspects, immediate experience and ineffability, seem quite distinct and I shall discuss them separately. So far from finding any severe paradox in the idea of direct experience of deity, or the unsurpassable, it is in my view a paradox to suppose that such a reality could be known or truly affirmed only on the basis of indirect evidence. The Unsurpassable must be unsurpassably pervasive, that is to say, ubiquitous. It must be where anything is. Moreover, Its existence must be the essential factor in the existence of all lesser realities. Hence to be anywhere is to be in the right place to experience It; to experience anything is to ex perience an X-related-to-It, thus to experience It. It cannot be merely behind, but must be in, everything; not merely in the reality which appears but in the appearance itself; not merely in the world experienced but in the experience. Thus to claim not to experience God?or Brahman?is no less paradoxical than the contradictory claim. The foregoing can be made more precise. I hold that the direct data of experience coincide with its independent causes or grounds. Consciously detectable data are but a subclass of experienced data, and the wider class is defined as those factors necessary to the experience but independent of it. How far they are introspectively accessible depends upon several conditions, including the level of awareness attained by the individual. Infants and sub human animals do little introspecting, and the rest of us are more like them in this than we usually admit. If my definition of givenness, or being a direct datum, is accepted, then from this and most definitions of the divine or emi nent reality it follows that that reality is a datum of all experience. For the unsurpassable is essential to all lesser realities, including nondivine ex periences, but exists independently of them. The definition of givenness is simply the formal statement of the central intuition of all realism, that things are experienced because they exist, they do
Microstrain and the Mechanism of the Reversible Monoclinic ⇌ Tetragonal Phase Transformation in Zirconia

The Warren-Averbach method was used to evaluate the microstrain involved in the monoclinic ⇌ tetragonal transformation of ZrO2. As the transformation proceeds microstrain reaches a maximum of 1.9 x 10-3 when 50% of the monoclinic phase has been transformed. Similar behavior was found on cooling. A large hysteresis in microstrain was observed in this transition. The extent of the coherent interface between two phases could explain the behavior of microstrain.
Analysis of PSS Effects on Dynamic Stability of Power Grid Disturbance Test

This paper, based upon comparison of the oscillation curves of the Disturbance Test in Northwest Power System, analyzes the effect of PSS in its increased damping and suppressing low-frequency oscillation. The result shows that the phase compensation PPS setting based on on-site measuring provides satisfactory positive damping to both the inter-regional oscillation mode and local one. This method proves to be both adaptive and robust.
Musculoskeletal and overgrowth syndromes associated with cutaneous abnormalities

There are cutaneous abnormalities that are characteristic to certain peculiar musculoskeletal conditions. The understanding of associated imaging and clinical skin findings together in this context can play an important role for the dermatologist and radiologist in establishing the correct diagnoses. The scope of dermatological manifestations of many acquired diseases of the soft tissues, muscles or bone is broad. Therefore, the intent of this article is to review those entities that are genetic and/or inherited. The goal of this review is to develop a better understanding of the cases presented. In these cases, collaboration between dermatologists and radiologists may be paramount to generating a diagnosis and monitoring at-risk patients.
Western Basketmakers: Social Networking among Uto-Aztecan Foragers and Migrant Farmers on the Colorado Plateau

This paper explores a question that has long perplexed Southwest archaeologists regarding the roles played by indigenous foragers and migrant farmers in the extension of maize agriculture to the Co...
A Preliminary Validation Study of Two Ultra‐Brief Measures of Suicide Risk: The Suicide and Perceived Burdensomeness Visual Analog Scales

The advent of rapid-acting suicide-focused interventions and longitudinal research designs employing high-frequency, repeated measurement of suicide risk has resulted in a need to quantify suicide risk during very brief windows of time (e.g., minutes, hours, days). This has rapidly outpaced traditional methods for assessing suicide risk, which often focus on measuring indicators of suicide risk during much broader intervals of time (e.g., weeks to months). Valid and practical methods for rapidly assessing suicide risk during small time intervals are therefore needed. This study reports a preliminary examination of the Suicide Visual Analog Scale (S-VAS) and the Perceived Burdensomeness Visual Analog Scale (PB-VAS) in a clinical sample of suicidal adults. Results support the convergent validity, predictive validity, responsiveness, and clinical utility of both scales, suggesting the S-VAS and PB-VAS are valid methods for rapidly quantifying two dimensions of suicide risk.
Kinematic Analysis of Human Volunteer Tests

One of the primary difficulties in providing adequate simulation of human response during a crash has been the lack of data describing human response under similar circumstances. Because of the medical care problems which may arise from volunteer tests, the bulk of the testing has been performed under the sponsorship of governmental agencies who can provide a proper medical staffing and hospital care facilities should they become necessary.
A Fuzzy Potential Solution Approach to Multi-Criteria and Multi-Constraint Level Linear Programming Problems

Based on the decision makers1 goal-seeking and compromise behavior, this paper extends the potential solutions to fuzzy potential solutions for a given fuzzy multi-criteria and multi-constraint level (MC2) linear programming problem. We treat the MC2 problem as a problem with fuzzy optimal objectives. Then, we use the MC2-simplex method to locate two sets of potential solutions for a maximum MC2 problem and a minimum MC2 problem, respectively. With these two sets of potential solutions, we reform the ranges of the decision parameters so that each reformed range results in both the upper and lower bounds of the objective payoff over the changes of decision parameters within the range. A membership function is constructed for each of the ranges. For every reformed range, a fuzzy potential solution is determined in terms of the membership function and a primal potential basis. We also propose a heuristic algorithm to locate all fuzzy potential solutions for all possible changes of the decision parameters.
Has Anything Changed Since “Science, Government, and Information”?

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses how dealing with information in the narrow context of nuclear reactor safety may have some bearing on the broader questions of information in general. PSACs interest in sponsoring a study on scientific information 20 years ago was sparked by the Kennedy administration's opposition to a Department of Science. Senator Hubert Humphrey, prompted by some vigorous but possibly misguided staff, wanted an overarching Department of Science. First, scientific information was part of science rather than being an administrative outrigger. The scientist, who produced a piece of research, and the research administrator had a responsibility toward subsequent dissemination and retrieval of that research. The concept of a nuclear center goes back to the time of the Hanford and Savannah River reactor centers. At Hanford, there were as many as nine reactors, including three light-water reactors. Other large centers include Fukushima with nine reactors, Pickering with eight, and Bruce with an ultimate capacity of 16 reactors.
Basic Iterative Methods

This chapter presents the basic iterative methods, Jacobi, Gauss-Seidel, and SOR that serve as models for more advanced methods. The Jacobi iteration uses the previous values of the iteration to advance, but Gauss-Seidel uses new component values as soon as they are computed. As such, it is generally more accurate. SOR (successive overrelaxation) computes a weighted average of the Gauss-Seidel components with the previous ones. The relaxation parameter, ω, must be in the range 0 < ω < 2. Convergence of these methods depends on the iteration matrix, a matrix such that xk = Bxk − 1 + c. If the norm of B for some subordinate norm is less than 1, the iteration converges. The iteration converges if and only if the spectral radius of B is less than 1. The spectral radius can be used as an approximation to how fast the iteration will converge; the smaller it is the faster the iteration converges. The Jacobi and Gauss-Seidel methods converge if A is strictly diagonally dominant, and the Gauss-Seidel iteration converges if B is positive definite. Convergence of the SOR iteration is guaranteed if 0 < ω < 2 and A is positive definite. If convergence is not guaranteed, it is possible for the one iteration to succeed and another fail. Choosing ω for SOR is difficult and a precise value is known for only a few matrices. Although costly, it is possible to estimate an optimal value by running a numerical experiment. The Poisson equation is very important in many fields of science and engineering. The chapter presents a five-point central difference approximation for the equation and uses the SOR iteration to develop an approximation to the solution of Poisson’s equation with boundary conditions of zero.
Evaluation of Multiscale Frequency Approach for Visualizing Rotors in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation

Atrial Fibrillation (AF) is most common cardiac arrhythmia. It is associated with increased risk of stroke, heart failure and sudden cardiac death. Catheter ablation is a treatment used to control AF and has had suboptimal success for patients with persistent AF, which is primarily maintained by rotors outside of the pulmonary veins (PV) region. The pivot point (core) of the rotor is considered an efficient target for ablation. Currently available electro-anatomical mapping systems cannot accurately predict the exact location of the pivot point of rotors outside of the PV region, so there is a need for novel approaches to accurately identify and distinguish sites for ablation. Recently, a multiscale frequency (MSF) technique was developed for accurate identification of the pivot point of rotors and validated using optical mapping experiments in exvivo rabbit hearts, where electrical activity can be directly visualized. However, the nature of optical signals and its spatial resolution are very different from clinical intracardiac electrograms (iEGM). Here we extend the MSF approach to 3D iEGM and compare its prediction with the traditional dominant frequency (DF) approach, using Pearson’s correlation and earth mover’s distance methods. Our results demonstrate that the similarity between MSF and DF are high in some regions, but very low in other spatial regions of the human atria. This indicates the inconsistency in the traditional DF approach in identifying pivot points and identifying such low similarity regions can be used to find sites for successful ablation.
Astro2020 APT White Paper: "Mind the gap": a call to redesign astronomy graduate education

About one fifth of Ph.D's across all STEM disciplines secure a tenure track position in academia. It is also the case that science and engineering have evolved significantly and so has the nature of the labor market and the increasingly multidisciplinary nature of the greatest scientific challenges. These realities, however, have not altered the main objective of graduate STEM education: the training of unidisciplinary academic researchers. There is therefore a gap between what the students and society need and what graduate STEM education offers. At root of the problem is not only the lack of information regarding actual career opportunities but the lack of formation because, as the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering and Medicine recognized in its recent report entitled "Graduate STEM Education for the 21st Century", "many graduate programs do not adequately prepare students to translate their knowledge into impact in multiple careers". In that report, the National Academies of Sciences sets new standards for graduate STEM education, describes the actions required by each stakeholder, and urges all to strongly commit to this paradigm change. Astro2020 represents an opportunity for the astronomy and astrophysics community to show this commitment by issuing recommendations on the redesign of astronomy graduate education following the new guidelines set by the National Academies of Sciences. By "minding the gap" between expectations and opportunities, keeping in mind the evolving needs of the STEM workforce, we can better justify the use of tax-payers money with an investment that allows to do transformative science while conscientiously training highly qualified STEM professionals able to apply the power of science to problems and opportunities of generations to come, as envisioned by Vannevar Bush's science as the endless frontier.
Mental health benefits and opportunities

Abstract Today’s youth are growing up in a rapidly advancing technological society. The involvement of technology in youth’s lives may impact their mental health in potentially both positive and negative ways, but these impacts may be modifiable when viewed in context. In this chapter, we provide an overview of—(1) how technology, particularly social technologies (i.e., those that incorporate and facilitate social connection) can contribute to adolescents’ psychological well-being and mental health; (2) the unique role and application of technology in adolescent mental health care; and (3) recommendations on how to use technology in school settings to promote mental health.
Early Hypermetabolism is Uncommon in Trauma Intensive Care Unit Patients.

Background Classic experiments demonstrating hypermetabolism after major trauma were performed in a different era of critical care. We aim to describe the modern posttraumatic metabolic response in the trauma intensive care unit (TICU). Methods This prospective observational study enrolled TICU mechanically ventilated adults (aged ≥18) from 3/2018-2/2019. Multiple, daily resting energy expenditure (REE) measurements were recorded. Basal energy expenditure (BEE) was calculated by the Harris-Benedict equation. Hypometabolism was defined as average daily REE 1.15*BEE. Demographics, interventions, and clinical outcomes were abstracted. Descriptive statistics and multivariable logistical regression models evaluating demographics with the outcome variable of hypermetabolism for the first 3 days ("sustained hypermetabolism") were performed, along with group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM). Results Fifty-five patients were analyzed: median age was 38 (28-56) years; 38 (69%) were male; body mass index (kg/m2 ) was 28 (26-32); and Injury Severity Score was 27 (19-34), with (38 [71%] blunt, 8 [15%] penetrating, 7 [13%] burn) injury mechanism. Overall, 19 (35%) had hypermetabolism on day 1 ("immediate hypermetabolism"), and 11 (21%) had sustained hypermetabolism for the first 3 days. Logistic regression analysis identified penetrating mechanism (adjusted odds ratio [AOR], 16.4; 95% CI, 1.9-199.6; p = .015), burn mechanism (AOR, 11.1; 95% CI, 1.3-116.8; p =.029), and maximum temperature (AOR, 4.2; 95% CI, 1.3-20.3; p= .041) as independent predictors of sustained hypermetabolism. GBTM identified 4 nutrition phenotypes, with 2 hyperconsumptive phenotypes associated with increased risk of malnutrition at discharge. Conclusion Only a minority of injured patients is hypermetabolic in the first week after injury. Elevated temperature, penetrating mechanism, and burn mechanism are independently associated with sustained hypermetabolism. Hyperconsumptive phenotype patients are more likely to develop malnutrition during hospitalization.
Abnormal Vestibular-Ocular Reflexes in Children With Cortical Visual Impairment.

Purpose To determine whether the vestibular-ocular reflexes (VORs) can be affected by central nervous system injury in children with cortical visual impairment (CVI). Methods Retrospective case series. Twenty consecutive children with CVI who presented to a pediatric ophthalmology practice over an 18-month period were included in the study. Horizontal and vertical VORs were assessed by a pediatric neuro-ophthalmologist using the standard doll's head maneuver. MRI studies were independently reviewed by a pediatric neuroradiologist in a masked fashion. The main outcome measures were the integrity of the VORs and the presence of brainstem abnormalities on MRI. Results VORs were found to be absent or severely impaired in 13/20 (65%) children with CVI. More surprisingly, the doll's head maneuver failed to substantially overcome the deviated eye position in 8/13 (62%) children with conjugate gaze deviations. Reduced brainstem size and signal abnormalities were found in 4/7 children with normal VORs and in 9/13 children with abnormal VORs (P = 0.6), showing noncorrelation with the integrity of the VOR. Conclusion VORs are commonly impaired in children with CVI. This ocular motor deficit reflects the diffuse cortical and subcortical injury that often accompanies perinatal injury to the developing brain. Consequently, these children may lack important visual compensatory mechanisms to stabilize gaze during head movements. This knowledge can help in planning visual rehabilitation.
Cardio-ankle Vascular Index As A Non-invasive Screening Tool For Cardio-vascular Disease In Youth

Introduction: Risk factors associated with the development of cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, dyslipidemias, and obesity, are becoming increasingly prevalent in children and adolescents. Therefore, noninvasive methods of assessing atherosclerotic risk in youth need to be developed and standardized. Cardio-ankle vascular index (CAVI) reflects the stiffness of large and small conduit arteries and is independent of blood …
Measurement of Crop Water by on Site Radiometry

A 433 MHz radio link was installed in a central Iowa corn canopy just after the crop's emergence to measure the amount of water stored in vegetation. Three transmitters, which the corn would grow above, where separated from the receiver by a horizontal distance of 50 m. Antennas operated for 68 days during the summer of 2018, while plants grew from a height of 0.3 m to 2.7 m. Water content of the corn by an observed weakened signal incident on the receiver. An existing empirical model for corn dielectric constant was used when modeling signal strength, applying in situ vegetation measurements. Interference with the ground-reflected signal was accounted for; the ground signal acts destructively with the direct propagation path in this experiment. Early in the growing season, signal strength is modeled rather well. When ears were present, the modeled signal is much stronger than the observed. This may be the result of neglecting scattering, which may be significant as the radiation was vertically polarized and likely strongly affected by the large vertical stems of the crop.
Roundabouts in the United States: An International Comparison of Illuminance Requirements and Costs:

United States federal guidelines recommend systematic illumination of roundabouts in both rural and urban areas. However, competing conventional intersections in rural areas can be kept unlit. High...
Mitigating Clipping Distortion in OFDM Using Deep Residual Learning

The high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) transmissions is susceptible to non-linear distortion caused by power amplifier (PA) saturation. In this work, we propose a novel technique, using residual neural networks and soft clipping, to deterministically limit the peak amplitude of the signal, thus lowering its PAPR and circumventing PA distortion. We show that the proposed solution is capable of significantly reducing PAPR and in-band distortion, while obeying a spectral mask. Furthermore, we show that the neural network is able to generalize for a range of peak amplitudes, thus eliminating the need to re-train the network when the requirement changes.
A burst of transposon expression accompanies the activation of Y chromosome fertility genes during Drosophila spermatogenesis

Transposable elements (TEs) must replicate in germline cells to pass novel insertions to offspring. In Drosophila melanogaster ovaries, TEs can exploit specific developmental windows of opportunity to evade host silencing and increase their copy numbers. However, TE activity and host silencing in the distinct cell types of the Drosophila melanogaster testis are not well understood. We reanalyzed publicly available single-cell RNA-seq datasets to quantify TE expression in the distinct cell types of the Drosophila testis. We developed a novel method for identification of TE and host gene expression programs and find that a distinct population of early spermatocytes expresses a large number of TEs at much higher levels than other germline and somatic components of the testes. This burst of TE expression coincides with the activation of Y chromosome fertility factors and spermatocyte-specific transcriptional regulators, as well as downregulation of many components of the piRNA pathway. The TEs expressed by this cell population are enriched on the Y chromosome and depleted on the X chromosome relative to other active TEs. These data suggest that some TEs may achieve high insertional activity in males by exploiting a window of opportunity for mobilization created by the activation of spermatocyte-specific and Y-chromosome-specific transcriptional programs.
Outcomes from a pilot online Acceptance and Commitment Therapy program for dementia family caregivers.

OBJECTIVES Psychosocial and cognitive-behavioral dementia caregiver interventions are effective, yet accessing counselor/therapist-led programs can be costly and difficult. Face-to-face therapist-led Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) is highly effective in dementia caregivers, as established by two different randomized control trials. The current study evaluates a pilot ACT for Caregivers program, which is a community-based, self-guided, online adaptation of ACT. METHOD Participants (N = 51; Mage=66.0 S. D =11.7, 80% women) completed 10 self-guided sessions teaching ACT, along with accessing an online dementia education library. RESULTS Repeated measures ANOVA from pre-, posttest, and 4-week follow-up demonstrated decreased depressive symptoms, burden, and stress reactions to behavioral symptoms, and increased positive aspects of caregiving and quality of life. ACT-specific measures improved, with decreases in cognitive fusion and psychological inflexibility (AAQ-II), and improvements in living according to personal values (ValuingProgress increased; ValuingObstruction decreased). All outcomes were statistically significant (at p < .01) and sustained over 4-week follow-up. Although this was a non-clinical sample, the program demonstrated clinical significance, as average depressive symptoms were at the clinical cutoff at baseline, but one standard deviation below clinical cut-off at post-test and 4-week followup. Use of education materials was low (29% of participants used these, albeit rating them helpful), suggesting that ACT likely contributed more to overall improvements. CONCLUSION The online ACT for Caregivers pilot program offers an empirically supported translation of traditional ACT, improving accessibility, and affordability for family dementia caregivers.
A Behavioral Economics-Electronic Health Record Module to Promote Appropriate Diabetes Management in Older Adults: Protocol for a Pragmatic Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The integration of behavioral economics (BE) principles and electronic health records (EHRs) using clinical decision support (CDS) tools is a novel approach to improving health outcomes. Meanwhile, the American Geriatrics Society has created the Choosing Wisely (CW) initiative to promote less aggressive glycemic targets and reduction in pharmacologic therapy in older adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus. To date, few studies have shown the effectiveness of combined BE and EHR approaches for managing chronic conditions, and none have addressed guideline-driven deprescribing specifically in type 2 diabetes. We previously conducted a pilot study aimed at promoting appropriate CW guideline adherence using BE nudges and EHRs embedded within CDS tools at 5 clinics within the New York University Langone Health (NYULH) system. The BE-EHR module intervention was tested for usability, adoption, and early effectiveness. Preliminary results suggested a modest improvement of 5.1% in CW compliance. Objective: This paper presents the protocol for a study that will investigate the effectiveness of a BE-EHR module intervention that leverages BE nudges with EHR technology and CDS tools to reduce overtreatment of type 2 diabetes in adults aged 76 years and older, per the CW guideline. Methods: A pragmatic, investigator-blind, cluster randomized controlled trial was designed to evaluate the BE-EHR module. A total of 66 NYULH clinics will be randomized 1:1 to receive for 18 months either (1) a 6-component BE-EHR module intervention + standard care within the NYULH EHR, or (2) standard care only. The intervention will be administered to clinicians during any patient encounter (eg, in person, telemedicine, medication refill, etc). The primary outcome will be patient-level CW compliance. Secondary outcomes will measure the frequency of intervention component firings within the NYULH EHR, and provider utilization and interaction with the BE-EHR module components. Results: Study recruitment commenced on December 7, 2020, with the activation of all 6 BE-EHR components in the NYULH EHR. Conclusions: This study will test the effectiveness of a previously developed, iteratively refined, user-tested, and pilot-tested BE-EHR module aimed at providing appropriate diabetes care to elderly adults, compared to usual care via a cluster randomized controlled trial. This innovative research will be the first pragmatic randomized controlled trial to use BE principles embedded within the EHR and delivered using CDS tools to specifically promote CW guideline adherence in type 2 diabetes. The study will also collect valuable information on clinician workflow and interaction with the BE-EHR module, guiding future research in optimizing the timely delivery of BE nudges within CDS tools. This work will address the effectiveness of BE-inspired interventions in diabetes and chronic disease management. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04181307; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04181307
Frailty as a Predictor of Mortality for Fenestrated EVAR and Open Surgical Repair of Aortic Aneurysms Involving Visceral Vessels.

Abstract Objectives : Frailty has been correlated with poor outcomes after major surgery across multiple specialties, but has not been studied in patients undergoing open or endovascular repair of suprarenal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Fenestrated endovascular aneurysm repair (FEVAR) has emerged as a lower risk alternative to open surgical repair (OSR) for patients with complex aortic aneurysms involving the visceral artery branches. The objective of the current study was to examine the relationship between frailty and peri-operative outcomes for FEVAR and OSR in patients with suprarenal and thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. Methods : The American College of Surgeons—National Surgical Quality Improvement Program (ACS-NSQIP) database was used to identify patients who underwent FEVAR or OSR for the years 2011 through 2017. Frailty was quantified using a modified 5-factor frailty index (mFI-5) that was previously validated for surgical patients. Frailty was correlated with the primary endpoint of 30-day mortality. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of 30-day mortality. Results : A total of 675 FEVAR and 1,779 OSR operations were included in the analysis. The 30-day mortality rate was 3.0% for FEVAR and 7.1% for OSR (P=0.002). Increasing frailty was significantly associated with higher 30-day mortality for both FEVAR (P=0.018) and OSR (P=0.0003). Independent predictors of 30-day mortality were frailty score (Odds Ratio [OR] 1.22 [per 0.1-unit increase]; P = .0005), type of repair (OSR vs. FEVAR, OR 2.46; P = .0001), age (OR 1.03; P = .0025), female sex (OR 1.61; P = .007), Hispanic ethnicity (OR 2.68; P = .021), American Society of Anesthesiology [ASA] class (OR 1.57; P = .035), preoperative dialysis (OR 3.45; P = .032), and history of bleeding disorder (OR 2.60; P Conclusions : Frailty, as measured using a mFI-5 score, is an independent predictor of 30-day mortality, overall complications, and length of stay after FEVAR or OSR. Frailty should be used to identify patients at high risk of adverse postoperative outcomes to determine if this risk is modifiable or whether nonoperative is the most appropriate option. FEVAR may offer improved 30-day outcomes, compared to OSR, for the frailest patients.
Evaluating skin of color education in dermatology residency programs: data from a national survey: Edited by Stephen P. Stone, MD.

A dearth of skin of color (SOC) education exists among dermatology residency programs despite the increasingly diverse United States population; a 2008 study reported that 52% of dermatology residency programs had didactic sessions or lectures focusing on diseases in SOC. In the last decade, no new studies have examined the state of residency SOC education. In this study, dermatology residents across the United States were surveyed anonymously about SOC education at their residency program, satisfaction with SOC education, opinions on improving SOC education, and perspective on cultural competence. Of the 125 respondents, 63.2% reported their program provides SOC-related didactics; 44.0% had a rotation where residents primarily saw patients with SOC, though only 11.2% had a dedicated SOC rotation. While over 60% of residents reported being satisfied or very satisfied with their SOC education, residents' satisfaction with their knowledge of diseases primarily seen in SOC was lowest (56.8%). Thematic analysis revealed four major themes for improvement of SOC education, including curricular reform, clinical exposure, emphasizing determinants of health, and opportunities to learn from faculty with diverse interests and expertise about SOC. These findings highlight unique opportunities for dermatologists to enhance SOC education and care for patients of all backgrounds.
The Minimalist Syntax of Defective Domains: Gerunds and infinitives

This book unifies the analysis of certain non-finite domains, focusing on subject licensing, agreement, and Case and control. It proposes a minimalist analysis of English gerunds which allows only a null subject PRO (TP-defective gerunds), a lexical subject (gerunds as complements of perception verbs), or both types of subjects (clausal gerunds). It then analyzes Portuguese infinitives, showing that the morphosyntactic properties of non-inflected and inflected infinitives correlate with distinct treatments of obligatory and non-obligatory control. It explores these and other phenomena to show that tense and event binding do not correlate with the contrast between control and raising/exceptional case marking (ECM), against null Case theories of control. A Probe-Goal approach to Case and agreement is adopted in combination with a movement analysis of control. The book then investigates diachronic morphosyntactic phenomena involving infinitives, verb movement and cliticization in Portuguese, exploring a cue-based theory of syntactic change grounded in language acquisition.
Application and analysis for a consecutive-k-out-of-n:G structure

Abstract A consecutive- k -out-of- n :G system consists of an ordered sequence of n components such that the system works whenever at least k consecutive components in the system function. This study elaborates on the concept of consecutive- k -out-of- n:G systems and demonstrates an application of the basic theory of consecutive- k -out-of- n:G systems reliability to a railroad operation. The results can help in scheduling the incoming trains to utilize the station resources better.
AP endonuclease 1 prevents trinucleotide repeat expansion via a novel mechanism during base excision repair

Base excision repair (BER) of an oxidized base within a trinucleotide repeat (TNR) tract can lead to TNR expansions that are associated with over 40 human neurodegenerative diseases. This occurs as a result of DNA secondary structures such as hairpins formed during repair. We have previously shown that BER in a TNR hairpin loop can lead to removal of the hairpin, attenuating or preventing TNR expansions. Here, we further provide the first evidence that AP endonuclease 1 (APE1) prevented TNR expansions via its 3′-5′ exonuclease activity and stimulatory effect on DNA ligation during BER in a hairpin loop. Coordinating with flap endonuclease 1, the APE1 3′-5′ exonuclease activity cleaves the annealed upstream 3′-flap of a double-flap intermediate resulting from 5′-incision of an abasic site in the hairpin loop. Furthermore, APE1 stimulated DNA ligase I to resolve a long double-flap intermediate, thereby promoting hairpin removal and preventing TNR expansions.
Adolescents' misperceptions of the dangerousness of acetaminophen in overdose

Clinical observations suggest that adolescents commonly and naively use acetaminophen in suicide attempts even when they do not wish to die. It is estimated that 18,500-mg acetaminophen tablets can lead to hepatotoxicity, while death is usually associated with ingestion of 50 or more tablets. A sample comprising 569 adolescent students completed an author-designed survey assessing teenagers' knowledge of acetaminophen's therapeutic and harmful effects. The findings support our original data that adolescents have ready access to acetaminophen and use it in suicide attempts, but underestimate its potential for toxicity. Forty-two percent of this sample underestimated the dose to cause harm, believing it would require 20 or more tablets, and 50% underestimated the dose to cause death, stating 100 or more pills would be necessary. Adolescents appear to seriously underestimate the dangerousness of acetaminophen in overdose, and lack knowledge regarding side effects of overdose.
Smith v. Hussman Refrigerator Company: Fair Representation and the Erosion of Collective Values

The problem of reconciling the individual and the group, of com­bining personal rights with the power which comes from collective ac­tion, is one which has plagued modem political philosophy. It is a problem with no ultimate conceptual solution, except to recognize the antinomies involved and to strike a balance appropriate to the immedi­ate circumstances and to the values at stake. A similar theoretical and practical dilemma arises in the arena of contemporary labor relations. Central to the American scheme of collective bargaining is the notion that the individual employee is exclusively represented by the bargain­ing agent elected by the majority of employees in the bargaining unit.Hence a union potentially exercises vast power over its members. Al­though this power is subject to abuse, its exercise has been deemed nec­essary for the union to present a united front to its powerful adversary. In recognition of the quasi-governmental power unions exercise and the vital nature of the individual interests affected, courts have been attempting since 1944 to reconcile the two by means of the doc­trine of fair representation. Under this doctrine, the rights of the indi­vidual employee are protected by the imposition of an obligation that the union represent all members of the bargaining unit without dis­crimination, in good faith, and in a nonarbitrary fashion. The application and expansion of this doctrine has resulted in the development of a standard which is no more adequate for the reconciliation of individual and collective interests than that enunciated by Hobbes in 1651.Smith v. Hussmann Rifrigerator Co. is a case which demonstrates the continuing difficulty the judiciary has when addressing this prob­lem. The Hussmann case displays not only the general confusion over the standard by which a union's representation is to be judged, but also the undesirability and impractibility of following the arbitrariness stan­dard established in Vaca v. Sipes to its logical extreme. This Note will employ a critique of the Hussmann decision in order to suggest a more satisfactory fair representation standard.
Aberrant expression of the embryonic transcription factor brachyury in human tumors detected with a novel rabbit monoclonal antibody

The embryonic transcription factor brachyury is overexpressed in a variety of human tumors, including lung, breast, colon and prostate carcinomas, chordomas and hemangioblastomas. In human carcinoma cells, overexpression of brachyury associates with the occurrence of the phenomenon of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), acquisition of metastatic propensity and resistance to a variety of anti-cancer therapeutics. Brachyury is preferentially expressed in human tumors vs. normal adult tissues, and high levels of this molecule associate with poor prognosis in patients with lung, colon and prostate carcinomas, and in breast cancer patients treated with adjuvant tamoxifen. Brachyury is immunogenic in humans and vaccines against this novel oncotarget are currently undergoing clinical investigation. While our group and others have employed various anti-brachyury antibodies to interrogate the above findings, we report here on the development and thorough characterization of a novel rabbit monoclonal antibody (MAb 54-1) that reacts with distinct high affinity and specificity with human brachyury. MAb 54-1 was successfully used in ELISA, western blot, immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry assays to evaluate expression of brachyury in various human tumor cell lines and tissues. We propose the use of this antibody to assist in research studies of EMT and in prognostic studies for a range of human tumors.
Genetic evidence for common pathways in human age‐related diseases

Aging is the single largest risk factor for chronic disease. Studies in model organisms have identified conserved pathways that modulate aging rate and the onset and progression of multiple age-related diseases, suggesting that common pathways of aging may influence age-related diseases in humans as well. To determine whether there is genetic evidence supporting the notion of common pathways underlying age-related diseases, we analyzed the genes and pathways found to be associated with five major categories of age-related disease using a total of 410 genomewide association studies (GWAS). While only a small number of genes are shared among all five disease categories, those found in at least three of the five major age-related disease categories are highly enriched for apoliprotein metabolism genes. We found that a more substantial number of gene ontology (GO) terms are shared among the 5 age-related disease categories and shared GO terms include canonical aging pathways identified in model organisms, such as nutrient-sensing signaling, translation, proteostasis, stress responses, and genome maintenance. Taking advantage of the vast amount of genetic data from the GWAS, our findings provide the first direct evidence that conserved pathways of aging simultaneously influence multiple age-related diseases in humans as has been demonstrated in model organisms.
Marketing Communication on the Internet

Viral marketing refers to a marketing strategy or a marketing phenomenon that facilitates and encourages people to pass along a marketing message to other people. This relatively new marketing communication strategy received the label “viral” from its self-duplicating processes, analogous to the spread of pathological and computer viruses. It has become an integral element in integrated marketing communications because of its power and cost-effectiveness. Keywords: word of mouth; word of mouse; self-duplicating; user-driven
What Makes an ERP Implementation Relationship Worthwhile: Linking Trust Mechanisms and ERP Usefulness

To a large extent, trust determines expected utility derived from business transactions where the trusting party is dependent upon others, but lacks control over them. In many instances, this typifies the relationship between clients and an enterprise resource planning (ERP) customization vendor. This exploratory study examines how trust is built during an ERP implementation, and the relative weight of this trust compared with the perceived qualities of the implemented ERP itself in determining clients' assessment that the business relationship with the vendor is worthwhile. The data, collected from companies that were involved in the process of implementing a new ERP with the on-site assistance of a certain customization vendor, show that all three trust antecedents suggested by Zucker's seminal study of trust-- process-based, characteristic-based, and institution-based mechanisms--contribute significantly to client trust. The data also show that client trust in this customization vendor and the perceived usefulness of the ERP both contribute to client assessment that their business relationship with the vendor is worthwhile, showing that both getting the job done and creating a trust-based relationship contribute to this assessment. The implications of the importance of creating trust in ERP implementation and the means of doing how to do so are discussed.
DNA ploidy: a prognostic factor of response to chemotherapy and survival in metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma.

BACKGROUND Metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma confers a dismal prognosis. Several prognostic factors are needed to distinguish patients that will benefit from chemotherapy. In this setting, the prognostic impact of DNA ploidy is still unclear. MATERIALS AND METHODS The records of 61 patients with metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma were retrospectively reviewed. Response to chemotherapy and overall survival (OS) were assessed and correlated to tumour DNA ploidy index, which was calculated by cytometric image analysis. RESULTS The median value of DNA ploidy index was 2.3. Patients with a low index responded better to chemotherapy than those with a higher index (p<0.01). Nevertheless, when the median value was used as a cut-off, no significant correlation of DNA ploidy index with response to chemotherapy (p=0.41) or OS (p=0.09) was observed. CONCLUSION The prognostic role of DNA ploidy in metastatic gastric adenocarcinoma is still debatable. In this study, a low DNA ploidy index was associated with favorable prognosis; however, a suitable cut-off value is not yet available.
A new time and intensity trade-off function for localisation of natural sound sources

This paper firstly introduces a new set of psychoacoustic values of interchannel time difference (ICTD) and interchannel intensity difference (ICID) required for 10°, 20° and 30° localisation in the conventional stereophonic reproduction, which were obtained using natural sound sources of musical instruments and wideband speech representing different characteristics. Then it discusses the new concept of ICID and ICTD trade-off function developed based on the relationship of the psychoacoustic values. The result of the listening test conducted to verify the performance of the proposed method is also presented.
“A Match Made…Online?” The Effects of User-Generated Online Dater Profile Types (Free-Spirited Versus Uptight) on Other Users' Perception of Trustworthiness, Interpersonal Attraction, and Personality

Abstract This study tested the effects of an online dater's profile type (open/free-spirited vs. traditional/uptight) on people's perception of the dater's trustworthiness, interpersonal attraction, and Big Five personality traits (agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, openness, and extraversion). Interpersonal deception theory, theories of attraction, and source credibility model inform this research, providing a theoretical foundation for the proposed research questions and hypothesis. This research employed a simple two-group comparison experiment (open/free-spirited dater profile vs. traditional/uptight dater profile). Participants were randomly assigned to view either open or traditional profiles, and asked about their perception of the target dater. Results indicated a significant causal effect of user-generated online dater profile types on the dependent variables (perceived trustworthiness, interpersonal attraction, and Big Five personality traits) as well as a significant mediating effec...
Pathways mediating Ca2+ entry in rat cerebellar granule cells following in vitro exposure to methyl mercury.

Cell imaging and the Ca2+-sensitive fluorophore fura-2 were used to examine methyl mercury's effect on Ca2+homeostasis in rat cerebellar granule cells, a cell type preferentially targeted by methyl mercury.In vitromethyl mercury exposure (0.2–5.0 μm) induced a biphasic rise in fura-2 fluorescence ratio, consisting of a small first phase due to Ca2+release from intracellular store(s) and a much larger second phase which required Ca2+influx. The time-to-onset of these fura-2 fluorescence changes was inversely correlated with methyl mercury concentration. When examining various Ca2+entry pathways as possible targets contributing to Ca2+influx, we found that excitatory amino acid pathways were not directly involved. In contrast, the voltage-dependent Ca2+channel blockers nifedipine and ω-conotoxin-MVIIC significantly delayed the time-to-onset of both phases, a response inconsistent with mere inhibition of Ca2+entry. The nonselective voltage-dependent Ca2+channel blocker Ni2+had no effect on the methyl mercury response. Because methyl mercury alters cell membrane potentials, we hypothesized that voltage-dependent Na+channels were activated initially; however, tetrodotoxin did not alter the methyl mercury-induced increases in fura-2 fluorescence ratio. Thus, methyl mercury alters Ca2+homeostasis in cerebellar granule cells through nifedipine- and ω-conotoxin-MVIIC-sensitive pathways, suggesting that L-, N-, and/or Q-type Ca2+channels may play a role in methyl mercury's mode of action or entry.