cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Measurement of Sodium Chloride in Cheese by a Simple Sodium Ion Electrode Method

Abstract Sodium chloride in Blue, Camembert, Cheddar, Gouda, Muenster, part-skim Mozzarella, Ricotta, Swiss, and whole-milk Mozzarella cheeses in duplicate was measured with a specific ion meter (Orion – Model 407) and pH meter with expanded millivolt scale (Fisher – Accumet Model 230) with a sodium ion electrode. In preparation of samples, 1g of cheese was blended in an ionic strength adjustment buffer, filtered through cheese-cloth to disperse foam, and tempered to 21±1°C. Sodium was measured directly on filtrates with the specific ion meter. Millivolt potential was measured on filtrates with the pH meter, and a calibration curve was used to convert millivolts to percentage sodium. Percentage salt was calculated by multiplying percentage sodium by 2.54. Cheeses ranged from .22 to 4.76% salt by Volhard titration. Correlations of the sodium ion electrode method with Volhard titration were .999 both for specific ion meter and for pH meter. Comparative results of sodium ion electrode and Volhard titration methods differed by an average of .04±.03% salt with specific ion meter and .05±.05% salt with pH meter.
Surgeons' perceptions of spinal navigation: analysis of key factors affecting the lack of adoption of spinal navigation technology.

Background Computer-assisted spinal navigation allows for real time localization of surgical instruments in multiple views. Its use decreases radiation exposure and clears the surgical field of the C-arm fluoroscope. Despite these advantages, spinal navigation has yet to gain general acceptance among spine surgeons. The purpose of this study is to survey spine surgeons about their opinions on the strengths and weaknesses of spinal navigation.
State and Federal expenditures on Medicaid eligible chronically ill children in rural Florida.

Abstract This paper details public (State and Federal) expenditures for children's health care among Medicaid eligible chronically ill children resident in a rural setting. Of the cases. 78.5% had an expenditure in the study year with an average per capita total expenditure of $604. The mean total expenditure was considerably higher than the median total expenditure ($142), i.e. there was a relatively small proportion of high cost cases. Inpatient services accounted for 54.2% of total expenditures despite the fact that only 12% of the cases had been hospitalized. Wide variation in total expenditures, both within and among disease categories, was noted. By implication, while substantial savings might be realized from efforts directed at reducing health care costs for a small subset of the population, the identification of that subpopulation remains elusive.
Human leukocyte antigen mismatches predispose to the severity of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after lung transplantation.

Background Obliterative bronchiolitis (OB) is the most important cause of long-term morbidity and mortality in lung transplant recipients, and probably results from alloimmune airway injury. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), defined as a staged decline in pulmonary function, is the clinical correlate of OB. Objective Evaluation of the risk and severity of BOS on the basis of the incompatibility of donor and recipient human leukocyte antigen (HLA) molecules. Design Retrospective cohort study. Setting Large university hospital. Participants Lung transplant recipients between January 1990 and January 2000. Measurements We determined the BOS stage using internationally promulgated guidelines with a minor modification on all recipients at their 4-year transplant anniversary. Recipients whose graft function had deteriorated or who died due to causes other than BOS were excluded from the study. HLA loci mismatches and other covariables, including recipient age, donor age, cytomegalovirus (CMV) mismatch, cold ischemic time, use of cardiopulmonary bypass, ventilatory days, episodes of acute rejection and CMV pneumonitis, mean trough cyclosporin A (CsA) level, episodes of subtherapeutic CsA levels, and histopathology of OB and diffuse alveolar damage were entered into the analysis of BOS predictors. Results Sixty-four patients met the inclusion and exclusion criteria of the study at the 4-year posttransplant time point. In univariate analyses, the number of combined HLA-A and HLA-B mismatches was strongly associated with the stage of BOS at 4 years (p = 0.002). This association remained significant after the inclusion of other potential risk factors for BOS in multiple linear regression models. Pretransplant and posttransplant proportional odds models confirmed that the increasing number of combined HLA-A and HLA-B mismatches increased the overall severity of BOS (adjusted odds ratio, 1.84 [p = 0.035] vs 1.69 [p = 0.067], respectively). A trend toward significance was seen with HLA-DR mismatching (p = 0.17). Conclusions The degree of HLA class I mismatching between donors and recipients predisposes lung transplant recipients to the development and severity of BOS.
Young Children's Play Qualities in Same-, Other-, and Mixed-Sex Peer Groups

This research examined how children's play varied as a function of the sex of the child, the sex of the play partner, and whether they played in dyads or groups. Children (mean age = 52 months) were observed during their free play. Data revealed that boys' same-sex play was more active-forceful, further from adults, and more stereotyped than girls' play, and that this pattern was generally exaggerated in groups versus dyads. Children rarely played only with children of the other sex (other-sex peers), but about one fourth of their interactions involved children of both sexes (mixed-sex peers). Compared with same- or dyadic other-sex play, mixed-sex play was more likely to occur near adults, and was intermediate in active-forceful and stereotyped activity choices. Findings confirmed that children's experiences in peer groups vary depending on the sex of the child and sex of play partners.
Effect of immediate weightbearing on plated fractures of the humeral shaft.

Background: This study evaluated the effect of immediate weightbearing on fractures of the humeral shaft treated with dynamic compression plates. Methods: Eighty-three fractures met the inclusion criteria. The weightbearing status of the humerus was based on associated injuries and not the fracture pattern. There were no differences between the weightbearing and nonweightbearing groups in patient or fracture demographics. Results: Ninety-four percent of the fractures healed after the initial operation. Two in the nonweightbearing group and three in the weightbearing group required a second operation to achieve union. Alignment did not differ between the two groups. Immediate full weightbearing had no effect on the union or malunion rate. Conclusion: When indicated, open reduction and internal fixation of the diaphysis of the humerus, followed by immediate weightbearing through the involved humerus, is a safe and efficacious procedure.
Influence of the molecular structure on indentation size effect in polymers

Abstract Size dependent deformation of polymers has been observed by various researchers in various experimental settings including micro beam bending, foams and indentation testing. Here in this article the indentation size effect in polymers is examined which manifests itself in increased hardness at decreasing indentation depths. Based on previously suggested rationale of size dependent deformation and depth dependent hardness model the depth dependent hardness of various polymers are analyzed. It is found that polymers containing aromatic rings in their molecular structure exhibit depth dependent hardness above the micron length scale. For polymers not containing aromatic rings polymers the indentation size effect starts at smaller indentation depths if they are present at all.
Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic modeling of methylprednisolone effects on iNOS mRNA expression and nitric oxide during LPS-induced inflammation in rats.

Purpose Increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) resulting in nitric oxide elevation represents an important component of inflammatory responses. We assess the effects of methylprednisolone (MPL) on these processes during endotoxin-induced acute inflammation and provide a mechanism-based model to quantitatively describe them.
Addressing the pharmacist shortage through a cooperative internship program for foreign pharmacy graduates.

Abstract Objective To describe the Latin American Pharmacist Internship Program, a pilot project to prepare foreign-trained pharmacists for pharmacy licensure in the United States. Setting Two schools of pharmacy (located in Arequipa, Peru, and Boston, Mass.) and a chain pharmacy in the Greater Boston area. Practice description Didactic/experiential pharmacy completion program. Practice innovation/interventions Three distinct phases combining didactic courses delivered at two schools of pharmacy with supervised experiential training in a community pharmacy setting. Main outcome measure Completion of the program requirements for licensure in the United States within 1year by 15 licensed Peruvian pharmacists who participated in a pilot project. Results As of June 30, 2006, nine interns from the original group had received a pharmacy license in the United States and one was awaiting results of the North American Pharmacist Licensure Examination. Three returned to Peru, and two continued to work as pharmacy interns while working toward completion of the requirements for licensure. Conclusion For the Latin American Pharmacist Internship Program to be successful, these results show that the following components should be incorporated: (1) admission criteria should include a Test of English as a Foreign Language score of 550 or more and a Test of Spoken English score of 50 or more (or the equivalent Internet-based Test scores required by National Association of Boards of Pharmacy), (2) admission should be open to all qualified candidates from around the world, (3) the program's timeline for completion should be extended to 18months, (4) interns should receive more instruction in assertiveness and U.S. employment practices, and (5) preceptors should receive additional training in culturally sensitive supervisory techniques.
Simple model of kinetic roughening of quasicrystalline surfaces.

Etude d'un modele relaxationnel simple, de la dynamique de la surface d'un quasi-cristal en cours de croissance. Tel que dans un cristal, la croissance procede par la nucleation des paliers sur la surface. Differemment du cristal, les hauteurs h s de ces paliers divergent comme (Δμ) −1/3 lorsque la difference des potentiels chimiques Δμ entre le quasicristal et le fluide tend vers zero. L'exposant 1/3 est universel pour tous les quasicristaux ayant les structures derivees des irrationnels quadratiques. Cette grande taille de palier conduit a des vitesses de croissance V g non usuelles de la forme V g αexp{−1/3 [Δμc(T)/Δμ] 4/3 }. La quantite Δμc(T) qui definit une transition de rugosite est non universelle. Pour des «modeles de pavages parfaits», de la croissance des quasicristaux, on trouve Δμc(T)αT −3/2 , ce qui s'ajuste bien aux simulations numeriques recentes; tandis que pour des modeles qui admettent le desordre de Debye-Waller (du phason) en volume, l x (1/Δμc)αT 3/2 . L'interface en cours de croissance est algebriquement rugueux a toutes les temperatures
A Brief Prehospital Stroke Severity Scale Identifies Ischemic Stroke Patients Harboring Persisting Large Arterial Occlusions

Background and Purpose— The Los Angeles Motor Scale (LAMS) is a brief 3-item stroke severity assessment measure designed for prehospital and Emergency Department use. Methods— The LAMS and NIHSS were scored in under-12-hour acute anterior circulation ischemic stroke patients. Stroke severity ratings were correlated with cervicocerebral vascular occlusion on CTA, MRA, and catheter angiography. Receiver operating curves, c statistics, and likelihood ratios were used to evaluate the predictive value for vascular occlusion of stroke severity ratings. Results— Among 119 patients, mean age was 67 (±18), 45% were male. Time from onset to ED arrival was mean 190 minutes (range 10 to 660). Persisting large vessel occlusions (PLVOs) were present in 62% of patients. LAMS stroke severity scores were higher in patients harboring a vascular occlusion, median 5 (IQR 4 to 5) versus 2 (IQR 1 to 3). Similarly, NIHSS stroke severity scores were higher in PLVO patients, 19 (14 to 24) versus 5 (3 to 7). ROC curves demonstrate...
The efferent connections of the feline nucleus cuneatus

Nucleus cuneatus projections to nucleus ventralis posterolarteralis pars medialis (VPLm) and other thalamic as well as midbrain and medullary nuclei were studied in cats using the Fink-Heimer I silver technique. Single electrolytic lesions of very small size were made stereotaxically in different zones of nucleus cuneatus under electrophysiological control. All zones studied projected to contralateral VPLm in a pattern of discrete terminal arborizations or clusters, which were organized in onionskin-like dorso-ventral laminae. The clusters of degeneration varied in size and density according to their dorsoventral location within VPLm. Those in dorsal areas were smaller in diameter (50-125 mu) and contained less dense amounts of degeneration than clusters (150-300 mu) in more ventral regions. The clustered terminal arborizations mirrored the organization of the VPLm neuronal clusters, themselves. Terminations within VPLm were topographically organized, but were completely inverted, i.e. dorsal nucleus cuneatus projected to ventral VPLm and ventral to dorsal, lateral to medial, and medial to lateral VPLm. A ventral zone of nucleus cuneatus, which contained "deep" units, projected to a separate dorsal zone of VPLm. In addition to its classical connection with VPLm, nucleus cuneatus projected to the following contralateral brainstem or thalamic nuclei: medial and dorsal accessory olives, external nucleus of the inferior colliculus, ventrolateral part of the superior colliculus, nucleus ruber, medial geniculate nucleus pars magnocellularis, suprageniculatus, medial and lateral divisions of the posterior thalamic nuclear group, zona incerta, and Fields of Forel. Very sparse amounts of degeneration were also present within nuclei ventralis posteromedialis (caudal pole) and ventralis posterolateralis pars lateralis. The brain-stem and thalamic projections of the dorsocaudal part (cell nest region) of the cuneate nucleus were more restricted than those of its rostral and ventral regions. The clusters of both the VPLm neurons and cuneate terminations within VPLm provides an anatomical basis for the functional characteristics of synaptic security, fine grain somatotopia and modality specificity so prominent in the dorsal column nuclei-medial lemniscal system.
Degradation of sodium polyglyoxylate, a non-persistent metal sequestrant, in laboratory ecosystems

Detergent builders such as zeolites, silicates and most organic polymers present concerns to some because of their environmental persistence. Sodium polyglyoxylate (SPG), on the other hand, is classified as readily biodegradable in a variety of aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation screening tests because it is extensively mineralized. Its persistence, however, is dependent on its rate of chemical hydrolysis to sodium glyoxylate, which is in turn controlled by parameters such as pH, temperature, metal ions and end capping group. The time for SPG's degradation ranges from a few hours at pH 5 to a few weeks at pH 9. Even though SPG is more persistent at alkaline pH values, it is rendered less bioavailable via precipitation/adsorption mechanisms. SPG's removal from and degradation in practically all ecosystems indicates that it will not have a significant impact on the environment with widespread use.
Possibly inverted-polarity electrical structures in thunderstorms during STEPS

[1] In full and partial vertical profiles of the electric field in thunderstorms during the Severe Thunderstorm Electrification and Precipitation Study in 2000, we find evidence for inverted-polarity electrical structures in the convective region of thunderstorms. The evidence consists of polarities opposite from normal (1) in the peaks in the profile of the vertical component of the electric field, Ez, and (2) in the vertical sequence of inferred charges. In storms that possibly are inverted in polarity, the lowest peak in Ez inside the cloud is negative, followed by a positive peak farther up. Near storm top, the uppermost peak is negative, and the uppermost inferred charge is positive. The sounding data do not conclusively prove that inverted-polarity thunderstorms exist, but they support it. If additional data corroborate that such storms do exist, it will require modification of at least some aspects of our conceptual models of storm electrification.
Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion benefits quality of life in preschool‐age children with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Objective: To compare medical, nutritional, and psychosocial outcomes of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) therapy and multiple daily insulin injections (MDI) in preschoolers with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in a randomized controlled trial. Study design: Sixteen children (mean age 4.4 ± 0.7 yr, range 3.1–5.3 yr) with T1DM were randomly assigned to CSII or MDI. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured monthly for 6 months. Glucose variability was measured at baseline and at 6 months using continuous blood glucose sensing. Quality of life, adverse events, and nutrition information were assessed. Results: Parents of the CSII group reported a significant decrease in diabetes-related worry, while parents of the MDI group reported an increased frequency of stress associated with their child’s medical care. Mean HbA1c levels from baseline (CSII 8.3 ± 1.4%, MDI 8.0 ± 0.8%) to 6 months (CSII 8.4 ± 0.8%, MDI 8.2 ± 0.4%) remained stable, and group differences were not significant. There were no significant group differences in duration of hypo- or hyperglycemic events or frequency of adverse events. Conclusion(s): For young children with T1DM, CSII therapy is comparable to MDI therapy with regard to glucose control but is associated with higher treatment satisfaction and improved quality of life.
Epitaxial Growth and Ordering of GeTe Nanowires on Microcrystals Determined by Surface Energy Minimization

We report self-assembly of highly aligned GeTe nanowires epitaxially grown on octahedral GeTe microcrystals in two well-defined directions by using one-step vapor transport process. The epitaxial relationship of nanowires with underlying microcrystals along with the growth orientations of nanowires were investigated in detail by electron microscopy combined with atomic unit cell models. We demonstrate that maximizing atomic planar density to minimize energy of the exposed surfaces is the determining factor that governs the unique growth characteristics of micro/nanostructures that evolve from three-dimensional octahedral microcrystals to tetrahedral bases to finally one-dimensional nanowires. The crystallographic understanding of structuring of crystalline nanomaterials obtained from this study will be critical to understand, predict, and control the growth orientation of nanostructures in three-dimensions.
Charge and Spin Density Waves in Jellium

Is the uniform electron gas unstable against charge and spin density waves (CDW's and SDW's) of infinitesimal amplitude, which break the translational symmetry of the Hamiltonian? Within density functional theory, a CDW of wavevector Q ≈ 1.1(2kF) appears at low densities. The local spin density approximation (LSDA) for exchange and correlation places the transition at rs ≈ 30, while inclusion of the next term in the gradient expansion suppresses the transition to densities as low as rs ≈ 200. The best estimate is that the CDW appears out of the uniform ferromagnetic phase of jellium at rs ≈ 70; this is also where Ceperley, in a recent calculation with correlated wave functions, found Wigner crystallization. Although no SDW in jellium is predicted within LSDA, the calculated uniform spin susceptibility diverges at rs ≈ 35, close to the highest density (rs ≈ 26) at which Ceperley found ferromagnetism. Ist das gleichformige Elektronengas instabil gegenuber Ladungs- und Spindichtewellen (CDW und SDW) von infinitesimaler Amplitude, die die Translationssymmetrie der Hamiltonfunktion aufheben? In der Dichtefunktions-Theorie taucht fur geringe Dichten eine Ladungsdichtewelle (CDW) mit Wellenvektor Q ≈ 1,1(2kF) auf. Die lokale Spindichte-Naherung (LSDA) fur Austausch und Korrelation legt den Ubergang auf rs ≈ 30, wahrend Einbeziehung des nachsten Terms in der Gradientenentwicklung den Ubergang bis zu Dichten von rs ≈ 200 unterdruckt. Der besten Schatzung nach erscheint die Ladungsdichtewelle aus der gleichformig ferromagnetischen Phase im Jellium bei rs ≈ 70, wo auch Ceperley in einer neueren Rechnung mit korrelierten Wellenfunktionen Wigner-Kristallisation fand. Obwohl durch die lokale Spindichte-Naherung (LSDA) keine Spindichtewellen im Jellium vorhergesagt werden, divergiert die errechnete Suszeptibilitat bei rs ≈ 35, nahe der hochsten Dichte (rs ≈ 26), wo Ceperley Ferromagnetismus fand.
Design of a piezoelectric exciter/actuator for micro-displacement control: theory and experiment

Abstract High-precision and high-speed machine operation is very much in demand in modern manufacturing industry. However, mechanical vibrations introduced by various sources can easily disrupt this operation. Thus, vibration isolation and control have become very important in high-precision machine operation. This paper presents an active micro-position control technique using a piezoelectric actuator. A general theory for a piezoelectric actuator subjected to mechanical excitations and feedback voltages is developed. Piezoelectric excitation induced by the converse piezoelectric effect via direct voltage injection is first studied. Then, this electromechanical phenomenon is applied to an active micro-position control by injecting a processed feedback voltage at variable feedback gains into the piezoelectric actuator counteracting the external excitation. The effectiveness of the piezoelectric micro-position attenuation is evaluated analytically and experimentally. The theoretical solutions are compared favourably with the laboratory experimental data.
Correlation between Zurich Sunspot Number and Prominence of Jupiter's Red Spot

Graf, Smith and McDevitt1 have presented a graph which purports to show a correlation between the prominence of the Great Red Spot on Jupiter and the Zurich sunspot number between 1892 and 1947. They did not, however, quantitatively establish the significance of this correlation. More recently Argyle2 has shown the correlation coefficient from the data of Graf et al. to be 0.27 for the years 1892–1947, and from this concludes that the relationship is not established unless a better correlation is obtained. We have used and extended Peek's3 numerical rating of Red Spot prominence for the period 1892–1967 and have tested it for correlation with the Zurich sunspot number4,5. Our Red spot ratings for the years following 1947 (Table 1) are those compiled over the years by Mr Elmer J. Reese, using Peek's criteria. Standard statistical correlation methods were used, yielding a correlation coefficient of + 0.16 for the sixty-nine pairs. The probability is 0.15 that a correlation coefficient this large could result from chance alone. We may therefore conclude that the correlation level, and the that the correlation between Red Spot prominence and the Zurich sunspot number during the observed interval has not been established.
Steering control of automated vehicles using absolute positioning GPS and magnetic markers

Steering control for passenger cars on automated highways is analyzed. The feasibility of an automatic steering system based on absolute positioning global positioning system (GPS) and a magnetic marker guidance system has been evaluated using computer simulations. State estimation and control algorithm issues are examined for such a control system. By use of GPS and a magnetic marker sensor, an accurate and real-time estimation of the vehicle's lateral displacements with respect to the road can be accomplished. A steering control algorithm based on road curvature preview for achieving good road tracking and providing ride comfort is also presented. The proposed estimation and control system are validated by simulation results.
Enzymes of Lipid Metabolism

The study of enzymes that metabolize lipids in brain is still in its infancy. Since most complex lipids are integral components of the brain membrane, one major function of the lipid-metabolizing enzymes is to regulate the metabolic turnover of the membrane lipids.1 Most of the lipid enzymes are highly regulated by factors such as divalent cations, cofactor requirements, and availability of endogenous substrates.2 With few exceptions, the enzymes present in brain are also found in extraneural tissues, although activity of the brain enzymes is normally much lower than that in the peripheral organs.
Preimplantation adoption: establishing pregnancy using donated oocytes and spermatozoa

The experience of transferring embryos produced through in-vitro fertilization (IVF) utilizing donated oocytes and spermatozoa is described. Recipients (n = 28 ; aged 38-59 years) received oral micronized oestradiol and i.m. progesterone and were synchronized to donors undergoing ovarian stimulation. Reasons for selecting therapy included advanced reproductive age (>42 years ; n = 21) or hypergonadotrophic hypogonadism (n = 7), combined with severe male factor infertility in 23 couples. Five women were single and without partners. Oocytes were fertilized by cryopreserved spermatozoa designated for use by the recipient. Up to five embryos were transferred transcervically. Supernumerary embryos were cryopreserved. A total of 36 aspirations produced 15.6 ± 7.3 oocytes per retrieval. In 10/36 cycles (27.8%), embryos were available for cryopreservation. Using fresh embryos, the overall pregnancy rate was 38.9% (14/36), clinical pregnancy rate 33.3 % (12/36), and ongoing/delivered pregnancy rate 30.6% (11/36). Three ongoing pregnancies were later established by transferring cryopreserved embryos. Adjusting for these events, the per aspiration overall pregnancy rate per retrieval was 47.2%, clinical pregnancy rate 41.7%, and ongoing/delivered pregnancy rate 38.9%. Implantation rates per individual embryo transferred were 16.6% following fresh embryo transfer. A viable pregnancy was achieved by 14 of 28 women (50% cumulative pregnancy rate). We conclude that using donor oocytes and donor spermatozoa is efficacious and allows couples of whom both members suffer from severe gamete abnormalities and single functionally agonadal women an effective means of achieving pregnancy.
Kling and the “critical”: Social informatics and critical informatics

The article discusses Rob Kling's notion of the critical and how this term is embodied in Kling's social informatics and in works of other authors, which we identify as belonging to critical informatics. Issues of method and the notion of the empirical are discussed. The importance of such analyses in regard to social life and professional education is discussed.
Multidimensional access shared memory parallel processing systems

Orthogonal graphs are a simple but powerful tool for the analysis and description of a class of interconnection networks. Omega graphs and multidimensional orthogonal graphs are considered for the generation of a class of shared memory systems which, in turn, include the OMP and STARAN's multidimensional access (MDA) memory. Given 2/sup n/ processors and 2/sup m/ memory modules, it is shown that an integer set Q contained in (0,1,. . .,m-1) defines a number of conflict free memory access modes if (Q,+mod m) is a group. Such a result is derived from the definition of a relation of equivalence responsible for the partition of the set of memory modules. These facts are used for the derivation of a design methodology for the interconnection network needed to implement multidimensional access. >
1‐Ethoxy‐1‐Butyne

1-Ethoxy-1-butyne product: 1-ethoxy-1-butyne Keywords: alkylation, C-alkylation; elimination, dehydrohalogenation; apparatus, for observing gas evolution
Partial trisomy of the long arm of chromosome 1 in myelofibrosis and polycythemia vera.

We have identified partial trisomy 1q in 2 patients with different hematologic disorders. The first patient was a 55-year-old female with myelosclerosis and myeloid metaplasia diagnosed at age 38 years presenting with anemia, fatigue, bruising, fever, and splenomegaly. At age 56, she had 50–95% myeloblast cells and 95–100 nucleated RBC precursors per 100 WBC. Chromosome analysis of unstimulated leukocytes with Q, G, and C banding showed 46,XX,-6,+t(1;6) (q25;p22) in all metaphase cells. In vitro incorporation of Fe55 was demonstrated in 90% of metaphases by autoradiography. The second patient, a 49-year-old male, was diagnosed as having polycythemia vera at age 30 during a regular checkup. He since developed hepatosplenomegaly. Chromosome analysis from a direct bone marrow preparation at age 44 and 45 showed grossly normal karyotypes. At age 49, his marrow by Q and G banding showed almost 100% of cells with 46,XY,–13,+t(1;13) (q12;p12). Eleven cases of trisomy of 1q have been reported in various hematologic disorders. It is apparent that partial trisomy 1q represents another nonrandom chromosomal abnormality, in addition to the most common nonrandom chromosomal aberrations, such as the Philadelphia chromosome, trisomy 8, trisomy 9, and monosomy 7 in hematologic disorders.
Report of the special committee on the geophysical and geological study of continents, 1951–1952

During the year 1948 there was considerable geological and geophysical activity both in this country and abroad having a direct bearing upon the study of the continents. Of general interest is the critical evaluation of the world's primary gravity base stations values by Morelli at the Geophysical Institute in Trieste, and Hirvonen at the Isostatic Institute in Helsinki. An actual check using an improved gravity meter was also attempted by the Chairman of the Committee working under the auspices of the Office of Naval Research and the Woods Hole Oceanography Institution. The instrument used was a special Worden gravimeter having a range of 5400 mgal and a reading sensitivity of about 0.1 mgal. Approximately 82,000 mi were traveled in establishing one world-girdling loop and four lesser trans-oceanic loops. In all 165 stations were established and of these, 29 were reoccupation of old pendulum stations. Fourteen stations were national gravity base stations tied directly to Potsdam.
Recent Acceleration of Plastid Sequence and Structural Evolution Coincides with Extreme Mitochondrial Divergence in the Angiosperm Genus Silene

The angiosperm genus Silene exhibits some of the most extreme and rapid divergence ever identified in mitochondrial genome architecture and nucleotide substitution rates. These patterns have been considered mitochondrial specific based on the absence of correlated changes in the small number of available nuclear and plastid gene sequences. To better assess the relationship between mitochondrial and plastid evolution, we sequenced the plastid genomes from four Silene species with fully sequenced mitochondrial genomes. We found that two species with fast-evolving mitochondrial genomes, S. noctiflora and S. conica, also exhibit accelerated rates of sequence and structural evolution in their plastid genomes. The nature of these changes, however, is markedly different from those in the mitochondrial genome. For example, in contrast to the mitochondrial pattern, which appears to be genome wide and mutationally driven, the plastid substitution rate accelerations are restricted to a subset of genes and preferentially affect nonsynonymous sites, indicating that altered selection pressures are acting on specific plastid-encoded functions in these species. Indeed, some plastid genes in S. noctiflora and S. conica show strong evidence of positive selection. In contrast, two species with more slowly evolving mitochondrial genomes, S. latifolia and S. vulgaris, have correspondingly low rates of nucleotide substitution in plastid genes as well as a plastid genome structure that has remained essentially unchanged since the origin of angiosperms. These results raise the possibility that common evolutionary forces could be shaping the extreme but distinct patterns of divergence in both organelle genomes within this genus.
A History of the Term Radical Behaviorism : From Watson to Skinner

This paper describes the origins and evolution of the term radical behaviorism. John B. Watson’s coining of behaviorism in 1913 is presented first, followed by a discussion of the uses of “radical” within psychology during these early years. When the term radical behaviorism first emerged in the early 1920s, its referent was Watson’s behaviorism, most specifically his stance on consciousness. In the 1930s, B. F. Skinner described his own position with the term radical behaviorism in an unpublished manuscript, and then in 1945 first referred in print to his views as such. Today, radical behaviorism is generally applied to Skinner’s views alone. The paper concludes with a brief discussion of a similarity in Watson’s and Skinner’s positions on consciousness, which seems a possible historical and philosophical connection between their respective radical behaviorisms.
Relationship of enhanced norepinephrine activity during memory consolidation to enhanced long-term memory in humans

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of enhanced noradrenergic activity on memory consolidation in humans. METHOD: Thirty healthy subjects (21 men and nine women) viewed a series of 12 slides that depicted an emotionally arousing story. Five minutes after viewing the slides, subjects received either intravenous yohimbine or intravenous placebo in a double-blind randomized fashion. Multiple blood samples were drawn for determining plasma free 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). One week later subjects took a surprise memory test for the slides. RESULTS: There was no significant difference in memory score between yohimbine and placebo groups. Linear regression revealed a significant effect of MHPG on memory score for the group as a whole (subjects who had received yohimbine and those who had received placebo) and for the placebo group alone. CONCLUSIONS: These findings strengthen support for the hypothesis that enhanced memory for emotionally arousing events in humans depen...
Nursing Agency The Link Between Practical Nursing Science and Nursing Practice

The relationship of nursing science and nursing practice has been the topic of numerous discussions over the past decades. According to Orem, nursing science is a practical science, meaning that knowledge is developed for the sake of nursing practice. Within Orem's self-care deficit nursing theory, the concept of nursing agency links nursing science and nursing practice. Nursing agency refers to the power or ability of the nurse to design and produce systems of care. The relationship of practical nursing science, nursing practice, and nursing agency is examined in this article. Suggestions for further work related to nursing agency are provided.
They Need to Sow Their Wild Oats Mothers’ Recalled Memorable Messages to Their Emerging Adult Children Regarding Sexuality and Dating

The period known as emerging adulthood is characterized by transition, particularly related to relationships and intimacy. Previous research has suggested that parental influence, particularly related to identity development and beliefs, is an ongoing process that continues throughout the emergence of adulthood. One way parents may shape this process is through memorable messages. This study examined the messages mothers communicated to children regarding sexuality and relationships using Knapp, Reardon, and Stohl’s conceptualization of memorable messages. Eighty-four percent of mothers could recall memorable messages. Similar to previous research regarding sexual double standards, the majority of messages reflected traditional gender ideologies, such as women remaining abstinent and men “playing the field.” Nontraditional maternal messages were infrequent and most often intended for sons.
Stress Management Training for Adolescents with Diabetes

Evaluated the effects of stress management training (SMT) for adolescents with diabetes in a 9-month controlled treatment-outcome study. Nine patients were randomly assigned to a stress management group while another 10 patients served as controls and received standard outpatient treatment. The treatment program consisted of 10 sessions over 3 months, 3 additional sessions over 3 months, and a 3-month follow-up without treatment. Diabetes-specific stress decreased significantly for patients in the SMT group over the course of the intervention and follow-up. However, metabolic control, regimen adherence, coping styles, and self-efficacy about diabetes were unchanged. These findings suggest a SMT program for adolescents with diabetes may be helpful in reducing diabetes-specific stress, but additional procedures are necessary to improve adherence, coping styles, and metabolic control.
Pretreatment with methylprednisolone to prevent ERCP-induced pancreatitis : A randomized, multicenter, placebo-controlled clinical trial

Pretreatment With Methylprednisolone to Prevent Ercp-Induced Pancreatitis: A Randomized, Multicenter, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial
ADVANCING GENDER EQUALITY IN SIERRA LEONE’S LAND SECTOR

Africa has not been immune of land rights violations. Throughout Africa, the right to use and access land has been obstructed from marginalized communities. Women are the victims of this harsh reality and efforts to address this on a universal level has been futile. As an independent researcher, I conducted a deep-analysis of the literature in order to understand the adaptive challenge of gender equality and the infringement of women’s rights when it comes to land access and use in Sierra Leone. Using an adaptive analysis framework, I was able to comprehend the systemic inequalities and complexities in the land sector, as a result, I was well equipped to provide real-time recommendations for organizations on the ground such as Transparency International. These recommendations provided actors and stakeholders with a set of practical tools so as to be better equipped in their gender empowerment and risk assessment work.
An Investigation Of The Comparative Impact Of Degree Of Implementation Of IFRS Upon The Public And Private Information Quality Of Asia Pacific Country Firms

This research investigates the comparative quality of public and private information environments between firms domiciled in 15 Asia Pacific countries of which seven are characterized as market supportive institutional infrastructure. Our empirical analyses examine the comparative quality of public and private information components of equity securities analysts’ earnings forecasts for Asia Pacific firms, while controlling for firms cross-listing on U.S. equity securities exchanges and country of domicile degree of implementation of IFRS. Our results indicate that the quality of private information is higher for non-market supportive infrastructure countries, as compared to market-supportive infrastructure countries of domicile, and the quality of public information is higher for market-supportive infrastructure as compared to non-market-supportive infrastructure countries of domicile. Furthermore, and particularly noteworthy, is that our results indicate that country of domicile degree of implementation of IFRS increases the quality of public information and decreases the quality of private information for both market-supportive infrastructure and non-market-supportive infrastructure countries of domicile, and also that the decrease in the quality of private and increase in the quality of public information associated with degree of implementation of IFRS are significantly more pronounced for market-supportive infrastructure countries relative to non-market-Supportive infrastructure countries of domicile. We believe that our results suggest that IFRS is more beneficial for countries having market supportive institutional infrastructure in place as compared with those who do not.
Modal gating of endplate acetylcholine receptors: A proposed mechanism.

Decades ago as a beginning graduate student, one of us (K.L.M.) was studying short-term synaptic plasticity at the neuromuscular synapse. The responses were generally consistent from day to day, but there was some variability. At that time, K.L.M. naively thought that if it were possible to directly
Direct Measurement of the Structure of Reconstituted High-Density Lipoproteins by Cryo-EM

Early forms of high-density lipoproteins (HDL), nascent HDL, are formed by the interaction of apolipoprotein AI with macrophage and hepatic ATP-binding cassette transporter member 1. Various plasma activities convert nascent to mature HDL, comprising phosphatidylcholine (PC) and cholesterol, which are selectively removed by hepatic receptors. This process is important in reducing the cholesterol burden of arterial wall macrophages, an important cell type in all stages of atherosclerosis. Interaction of apolipoprotein AI with dimyristoyl (DM)PC forms reconstituted (r)HDL, which is a good model of nascent HDL. rHDL have been used as an antiathersclerosis therapy that enhances reverse cholesterol transport in humans and animal models. Thus, identification of the structure of rHDL would inform about that of nascent HDL and how rHDL improves reverse cholesterol transport in an atheroprotective way. Early studies of rHDL suggested a discoidal structure, which included pairs of antiparallel helices of apolipoprotein AI circumscribing a phospholipid bilayer. Another rHDL model based on small angle neutron scattering supported a double superhelical structure. Herein, we report a cryo-electron microscopy-based model of a large rHDL formed spontaneously from apolipoprotein AI, cholesterol, and excess DMPC and isolated to near homogeneity. After reconstruction we obtained an rHDL structure comprising DMPC, cholesterol, and apolipoprotein AI (423:74:1 mol/mol) forming a discoidal particle 360 A in diameter and 45 A thick; these dimensions are consistent with the stoichiometry of the particles. Given that cryo-electron microscopy directly observes projections of individual rHDL particles in different orientations, we can unambiguously state that rHDL particles are protein bounded discoidal bilayers.
Informing Shareholders: Providing a Roadmap for the SEC to Act to Require Public Corporations to Disclose Political Spending

The Supreme Court erred by not revisiting its holding in Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission (FEC). I made this argument in a previous article. The Supreme Court’s decision “removed the prohibition on corporate independent political expenditures, and allows corporations to spend unlimited sums from corporate treasuries to expressly advocate the election or defeat of a political candidate.” Unfortunately, my pleas to the high court went unanswered. However, the Securities Exchange Commission (SEC) has a chance to shine light on this issue by requiring public corporations to disclose to shareholders the use of corporate resources for political activities. Disclosure of corporate political spending would ensure that directors adhere to their duties of full and fair disclosure to shareholders. Additionally, disclosure of corporate political spending would diminish monitoring costs by informing shareholders of harmful political spending and will provide potential investors with key information for making informed, rational investment decisions. Due to the misguided decision in Citizens United, it is legal for corporations to spend an unlimited amount of money on political issues; however, this Article submits that shareholders need to know about those expenditures and that if corporations truly believe their political spending benefits their bottom lines, they should not oppose disclosure of that spending. The Article begins by discussing the original and amended petitions for rulemaking, including the reasoning behind them and the response received from shareholders and the community at large. The Article then transitions into an analysis of why the rule is both constitutional and within SEC’s jurisdiction; responds to opposition arguments alleging that a rule is not necessary; discusses the recent lawsuit filed to compel the SEC to promulgate a rule; and researches possible benefits and costs imposed by a mandatory disclosure obligation. The Article concludes by providing shareholders with options under the current regulatory regime to investigate corporations’ political spending, provides a model structure for SEC if and when they decide to initiate a rulemaking on this issue and provides a model for firms to establish programs to supervise corporate political spending.
ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY POTENTIAL OF BERGAMOT POWDER AGAINST LPS-INDUCED ENDOTHELIAL ACTIVATION AND DYSFUNCTION

Inflammation and oxidative stress are key factors of vascular injury underlying many chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze a powder from whole-bergamot fruit evaluating its nutraceutical effect on human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) following LPS exposure. Bergamot extract (BE) was analyzed for polyphenols, flavonoids, flavonols and ascorbic acid content. We also evaluated the antioxidant property by in vitro assay (ORAC, DPPH and ABTS) and on human erythrocytes. HMEC-1 were 1hour pre-treated with 50µg/ml BE, then exposed 6hours to 0.1ng/ml LPS. We evaluated IL-6, ICAM-1, ET-1 and CHOP gene expression using Real-Time PCR. Furthermore, we assessed cellular ROS production (DCFH-DA) and quantified NO levels by a colorimetric assay. Results showed high levels of bioactive compounds and detected a better cellular antioxidant activity and anti-hemolytic effect following BE pre-treatment (p<0.01). LPS-exposed HMEC-1 showed a significant up-regulation of all genes compared to control (p<0.001). Otherwise, BE pre-treatment exerted a significant inhibition on IL-6, ET-1 and CHOP over-expression (p<0.05). Moreover, we found increased ROS production and reduced NO level following LPS addition, completely reversed by BE pre-treatment. Our data suggest that BE protect HMEC-1 from LPS-induced endothelial activation/dysfunction, probably due to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of bioactive compounds.
Ratio of Headnotes to Holdings in West Reporters

This article investigates the extent to which headnotes outnumber holdings in West reports of state cases over a recent thirty-year period. The author suggests that a particular category of headnotes, those corresponding to parts of the opinions reiterating prior authority, are unnecessary, and that including them has calculable costs, in terms of excess volumes published.
New Tests of QCD Using Z0 → \(b\bar bg\) Events

We present new studies of 3-jet final states from hadronic Z 0 decays recorded by the SLD experiment, in which the quark, antiquark, and gluon jets are identified. Our gluon energy spectrum, measured over the full kinematic range, is consistent with the predictions of QCD, and we derive a limit on an anomalous chromomagnetic bbg coupling. We measure the parity violation in Z 0 decays into \(b\bar bg\) to be consistent with the predictions of electroweak theory and QCD, and perform new tests of T- and CP-conservation at the bbg vertex.