cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Characterization of posttransplant lymphomas that express T-cell-associated markers: immunophenotypes, molecular genetics, cytogenetics, and heterotransplantation in severe combined immunodeficient mice.

Immunosuppressed individuals are at high risk for the development of hematologic malignancies. The typical lymphomas arising in organ transplant recipients are B-cell non-Hodgkin9s lymphomas that contain Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) DNA sequences. We investigated the characteristics of posttransplant lymphomas that lacked expression of the usual markers associated with EBV transformation. We describe four large-cell lymphomas seen recently at our institution. Two of these four cases were CD4+, one was CD8+, and in one staining for CD4 and CD8 expression was not performed. One CD4+ lymphoma was a CD30+, EBV- large- cell lymphoma from a 65-year-old kidney transplant recipient, the second was an EBV+ large-cell lymphoma from a 25-year-old heart transplant patient. Two T-cell lymphomas were EBV+ and had clonal T- cell receptor beta gene rearrangements. The other two lymphomas expressed T-cell markers CD4 and CD43, and lacked expression of B-cell markers CD19, CD20, CD21, CD22, CD23, and surface Ig. Both CD4+ lymphomas were tumorigenic after their heterotransplantation into severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) mice. Cytogenetics, immunophenotyping, and genotyping of the secondary tumors from SCID mice showed their clonality and identity with the patients9 primary tumors. Novel CD4+ lymphoma cell lines, LH521/4 and LK418/4, were established from tumors that had been passaged in SCID mice. An immunodeficient environment may facilitate the growth of these T-cell or biphenotypic lymphomas; the etiology of their genesis can include transformation with EBV and other, as yet unidentified mechanisms.
Virtual sensors for rooftop unit air-side diagnostics

In this article, virtual sensors for air-side diagnostics are developed and validated for rooftop air conditioners. The virtual air-side sensors require indoor fan differential pressure and speed measurements. Experimental data from laboratory measurements are used to evaluate the accuracy of the virtual sensors. Methodologies for improving the accuracy of air-side temperature sensors often used for outdoor-air economizer diagnostics have also been developed and evaluated. Outdoor-air temperature correction correlations improve single-point temperature inaccuracy caused by exhaust-air recirculation. A model correcting a single-point mixed-air temperature measurement for inaccuracy caused by thermal stratification and non-uniform velocity distributions at the evaporator inlet has also been described and validated. Finally, methods for estimating outdoor ventilation air fraction are presented and compared to measurements.
The Development and Validation of the Mentoring Expectations Congruency Scale (MECS)

A psychometrically valid measure of perceived mentoring expectations congruency between a mentor and protege in a mentoring relationship was developed. Using a scale created with a panel of experts and tested with two professional cohorts, exploratory factor analysis led to the identification of a reliably strong, one-dimension, four-item instrument - the Mentoring Expectations Congruency Scale (MECS). Evidence of convergent, discriminant and predictive validity was demonstrated. While controlling for race, mentoring expectations congruency was positively related to relationship quality. Also, participants who had experienced mentoring training prior to the reported mentoring relationship reported significantly higher levels of mentoring expectations congruency, than those who had not experienced mentoring training prior to the mentoring relationship. Results provide support for Mentoring Schema Theory (Ragins & Verbos, 2007) and uncover potential relational processes underlying the relationship found bet...
Experimental and Theoretical Results for Light Trapping in High Efficiency a-Si1−xCx:H/a-Si:H Solar Cells Prepared on Granular Tin Oxide

We examine the morphology and optical properties of fluorine doped tin oxide films prepared by the chemical vapor deposition of tetramethyltin and tin tetrachloride and the influence of these properties on light trapping in amorphous silicon solar cells having the structure glass/SnO 2 /P (a-Si 1-x C x :H) -i-n/metal. Measured tin oxide properties include total and diffuse transmission as a function of wavelength, angular dependence of the scattered light, surface topography, and sheet resistance. Experimental quantum efficiency plots as a function of wavelength are presented and compared to computer calculations based on multilayer optics programs and measured optical constants. Using granular tin oxide, p-i-n cells 1 cm 2 in area have been prepared with efficiencies exceeding 10%.
Trace metals in asbestos carcinogenesis.

Concentrations of trace metals judged potentially carcinogenic were determined in samples of amosite, crocidolite, and chrysotiie. The samples included commercial material as shipped, milled and processed material as collected in animal exposure chambers, and International Union Against Cancer (UICC) reference samples. The metals determined were cobalt, nickel, chromium, manganese, and iron. The samples were treated with hydrofluoric acid, the residue taken up with hydrochloric acid, and the determination made by atomic absorption spectrometry. Substantial enrichment of the dusts in nickel and chromium during milling and dissemination was found. Cobalt and nickel content was different from that in UICC samples.
The Laboratory's Role in Detecting Sexual Assault

Sexual assault, a crime of violence and control, is prevalent in the United States. Most of the victims are female and the assailants male. The crime usually is unwitnessed and, unfortunately, the majority of the assailants are never prosecuted. The number one reason for lack of prosecution is lack of demonstrative evidence. The most crucial evidence in court is that of the laboratory, used to prove or disprove the presence of semen. As clinical laboratory professionals, we bear great responsibility in the handling and interpretation of this evidence. With the discovery of better staining techniques, chemical analyses, and molecular pathology, we are now able to bring the laboratory into the courtroom and use our knowledge to bring positive proof against the assailant. We are obligated to the victim and the community to properly use this knowledge to document, process, and interpret the evidence to the best of our ability.
Law and Migration: Many Constants, Few Changes

Addressing an interdisciplinary readership, the essay takes on a host of current and nettlesome issues in regard to “Immigration and Sovereignty,” core “Westphalian and Post-Westphalian Problems and Reforms,” recent developments that might be characterized as a simultaneous “Post-Westphalian and Neo-Westphalian Backlash,” and ongoing debates over “Post-Multiculturalism and the Neo-Liberal Welfare State.”Law is not a research discipline or tool of social analysis. Law is, in the first instance, a tool of regulation; as such it constructs legality and illegality, the permissible and the impermissible. Law is also an expression of norms of justice as construed by a particular sovereign legislating community, one whose own composition is dynamic and changed by the very things, including migration, it seeks to regulate. Law, like the state in general, may be construed as a society’s resume, indicating where the society has been and where it stands at any particular time, what is there and then being contested and what is not, who is in charge and who is not. Since it may evolve, law is also a terrain of struggle over where and how to steer society, one of many fields in which class and interest politics, constructed in myriad ways, play out in simple and complicated venues. Finally, since law, notwithstanding the existence of bi- and multilateral agreements, is overwhelmingly produced on a national basis, methodological nationalism is reflected in most thinking about law and what it does. Westphalian conceptions of sovereignty still prevail, and perhaps more in the arena of migration and citizenship than in most others.
Impact of Downstream Competition on Innovation in a Supply Chain

We explore the impact of downstream competition on upstream innovation in a supply chain consisting of an upstream supplier who invests in innovation and downstream manufacturers who sell to consumers. We show that the impact of downstream competition between manufacturers on innovation depends on the contract form linking the manufacturers and the supplier. If it is the supplier who sets the wholesale price, downstream competition does not affect upstream innovation. However, if it is the manufacturers who set wholesale prices, downstream competition can induce more innovation in a supply chain. If the manufacturers and the supplier bargain, downstream competition can either increase or decrease upstream innovation. Moreover, these results are robust under the presence of a complementary component supplier. We also compare the effects of contract forms in motivating upstream innovation and demonstrate that all firms within a supply chain can be better off by giving the supplier more channel power, i.e., letting the supplier set the wholesale price rather than bargaining.
Study on the Method of Identification of Sedimentary Microfacies Using Well Logging Data

Based on the sedimentary microfacies analysis of key wells,integrating well logging with geology and modern mathematics,the log characteristic parameters for all kinds of sedimentary microfacies have been extracted from the well logging data.The identification models for the sedimentary microfacies have been established by means of multivariable statistical analysis.A software program have successfully been developed which can implement automatic and continuous analysis and discrimination of sedimentary microfacies for the bore hole profile using well logging data.The well logging data from more than ten wells of an anonymous oilfield are processed using the software,and the plane graph of sedimentary microfacies is drawn.
Construction of Tropical Agricultural Product Trade and Market Circulation System

Speeding up the construction of tropical agricultural product trade and market circulation sys- tem is the key of developing economy and increasing the income of peasants in tropical areas. The status of China's tropical agricultural product trade and market circulation system is analyzed. The problems in the system are pointed out, and countermeasures put forward.
Design and Realization of Computer Aided Process Planning System in Enterprise

This paper discusses the process planning and its position in the activity and practice in the enterprise and the necessity of Computer Aided Process Planning (CAPP). It introduces the development history of the Computer Aided Process Planning and analyzes its domestic and international application status together with its future development trend. The development trend of the future CAPP will necessarily face development in a few directions in terms of integration, tool and intelligence etc.. This article discusses how to grasp the current CAPP technique, combine the enterprise condition with the process planning level to establish a CAPP system matching the enterprise actual of circumstance. According to the process planning of many years and the management experience, and the study on CAPP, the author puts forward a concept of“integrating the process planning,the production control managing and the quality managing in one system of CAPP”. It established a detailed scheme of the “Computer Aided Process Planning” system and steps for putting it into practice problems occurring in the process are discussed in detail. This paper provides a good example for the same kind enterprise to create a system of CAPP to satisfy its own requirement, and at the same time, guarantee the system have advanced technique, functionality and meeting future demand.
Bleeding Tendency in Uremia

ALTHOUGH the association of bleeding tendency with uremia has been recognized for at least a century, 1 the exact cause has never been clearly defined. Vascular damage has been suggested. 2 This study includes assays of many hemostatic factors in twelve patients showing varying degrees of azotemia with and without hemorrhagic manifestations. An abnormality in platelet function (thrombocytopathia) was the most consistent finding.
Fit: A Fog Computing Device for Speech Tele-Treatments

There is an increasing demand for smart fog-computing gateways as the size of cloud data is growing. This paper presents a Fog computing interface (FIT) for processing clinical speech data. FIT builds upon our previous work on EchoWear, a wearable technology that validated the use of smartwatches for collecting clinical speech data from patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). The fog interface is a low-power embedded system that acts as a smart interface between the smartwatch and the cloud. It collects, stores, and processes the speech data before sending speech features to secure cloud storage. We developed and validated a working prototype of FIT that enabled remote processing of clinical speech data to get speech clinical features such as loudness, short-time energy, zero-crossing rate, and spectral centroid. We used speech data from six patients with PD in their homes for validating FIT. Our results showed the efficacy of FIT as a Fog interface to translate the clinical speech processing chain (CLIP) from a cloud-based backend to a fog-based smart gateway.
Citrus Essential Oils: Effects of Abscission Chemicals and Evaluation of Flavors and Aromas

Citrus oils are the most important by-products derived from citrus fruits and are primarily used as flavoring, scenting or masking agents for a wide variety of food, beverage, pharmaceutical and perfumery products. Thus, they contribute to the acceptance of many finished products purchased by millions of consumers. Essential oils from citrus have been sold commercially since 1582, when they were listed in the Frankfurt am Main Statutes.
A tight upper bound on the number of cyclically adjacent transpositions to sort a permutation

We consider the problem of upper bounding the number of cyclically adjacent transpositions needed to sort a permutation. It is well known that any permutation can be sorted using at most n ( n - 1 ) 2 adjacent transpositions. We show that, if we allow all adjacent transpositions, as well as the transposition that interchanges the element in position 1 with the element in the last position, then the number of transpositions needed is at most ź n 2 4 ź . Upper bound on number of cyclically adjacent transpositions needed to sort a permutation of length n of ź n 2 4 ź .This upper bound matches the known lower bound.Answers open question in Feng, Chitturi and Sudborough 4.Relevant quantity in the design of interconnection networks, and the evolutionary history of the genome.
Entrepreneurs Drive Creative Destruction [Entrepreneur Viewpoint]

The paradoxical term creative destruction, coined by Joseph Schumpeter in 1942, refers to the cycle of incessant product and process innovation that drives a replacement of the old guard with new companies, especially within a capitalistic system. How do we recognize such entrepreneurial opportunities, and how do we make them happen? Most of us in engineering dedicate our lives to finding answers. We learn this in engineering school, where our professors provide us with questions that we diligently solve and on which we are graded. We all learn from a common framework and context, harmonized by global standards as to what constitutes a sound education. In our professional lives, we apply our skills, knowledge, experience, and wisdom to solving ever-more challenging problems. Discusses how this impacts entrepreneurs in the power electronics industry.
Mean life of the first excited state of Na23

The nuclear resonant scattering by sodium of the 440 kev gamma radiation from Na/sup 23/ (p,p') was investigated. From the self-absorption of the resonance radiation the mean life of the first excited state of Na/sup 23/3 is found to be 1.8 x 10/sup-12 sec. The E2 partial life of this level was previously measured by Coulomb excitation, and the E2/M1 amplitude ratio sigma is then 0.056. The theoretical ratio of 151 to 115 deg nuclear resonant scattering is either 1.06 or 1.20, depending on whether sigma is positive or negative. The experimental ratio is 1.10 plus or minus 0.04, suggesting that sigma is positive. (auth)
Project Management: 'Constructive' Building

After nine months' work and full commitment to the expansion project at the University of Virginia's McIntire School of Commerce, Senior Associate Dean Gerry Starsia hit a snag. A few unresolved issues remained that would extend the project's time frame and increase costs. Starsia was in a meeting with university administrators to talk about the problems. Should he recommend moving forward, come up with other options, or reconsider the whole thing? Excerpt UVA-OB-1057 Jan. 6, 2015 PROJECT MANAGEMENT: “CONSTRUCTIVE” BUILDING After nine months' work and full commitment to the expansion project at the University of Virginia's (U.Va.) McIntire School of Commerce (McIntire), Gerry Starsia hit a snag. Starsia, the senior associate dean of administration, and the rest of the project team were excited—they had sketches, plans, and costs put together by the spring of 2002. Things had moved forward. But there were a few issues that remained unresolved. The contractors had tested for asbestos and found it in floor tiles and pipe insulation throughout the Monroe Hall building. In addition, the extensive renovation required bringing the building up to current-year building code, which meant adding sprinklers to all the ceilings. That would make it a multiphase project with extended periods of disruption and higher costs. Starsia was in a meeting with university administrators to talk about the problems. Should he recommend moving forward, come up with other options, or reconsider the whole thing? Gerry Starsia In the spring of 2001, Gerry Starsia found himself tired of the construction business. For more than two decades, he had worked in the private-sector construction industry, first as a carpenter; then as an estimator, a project manager, and a project executive; and later as the owner of a design/build/real estate firm. Starsia recalled: I started out working for others, and my specialty was trading room construction. I worked on Wall Street at some of New York's most well-known financial services buildings, including the World Trade Center, 2 Broadway, and 60 Broad Street. I met my wife, Marianne, who was a trading room designer there. The New York building scene was primarily high-rise construction and often very complicated work. After working my way up in the business working for others, I started my own company in 1988 in the medical design/build business. I was really interested in complicated projects and realized I could just continue to do what I was doing, project after project that I knew very well, or try to do things other people either wouldn't, couldn't, or didn't have the patience to do. I carved myself out a niche in the medical-equipment installation and construction business. We installed radiation therapy centers, medical imaging centers, special procedure rooms, neonatal intensive care units—the more complicated the better. Although Starsia liked his work, there was a downside. He dealt with complaining clients, uncooperative subcontractors, weather delays, labor shortages, and endless staff turnover. Those issues left Starsia stressed out and not feeling great physically: . . .
Chapter 10 The Role of the Methyl-Erythritol-Phosphate (MEP)Pathway in Rhythmic Emission of Volatiles

Plants release an array of terpenoid compounds including hemiterpenes, mono- and sesquiterpenes, irregular terpenes and some diterpenes throughout their life cycles. These secondary metabolites play crucial roles in pollinator attraction, defense, communication and interaction with the surrounding environment. Release of these compounds from flowers and undamaged and herbivore attacked leaves follows a rhythmic profile, which is induced by illumination and often controlled by a circadian clock. In plants two distinct biochemical pathways localized in different subcellular compartments, the cytosolic mevalonic acid (MVA) pathway and plastidial methyl-erythritol-phosphate (MEP) pathway, are responsible for the biosynthesis of basic carbon building blocks for terpenoid compounds. Mounting evidence suggests that the flux through the MEP pathway changes rhythmically over a daily light/dark cycle peaking during the day. In this chapter we discuss the contribution of the MEP pathway to the rhythmic emission of terpenoids released from different plant tissues and the regulatory steps controlling the flux through this pathway.
Globalization and invasive species issues in Hawaii: role-playing some local perspectives.

Increasingly recognized as having significant economic and ecological impacts, non-native invasive species have become an important interdisciplinary topic in biological and social science courses. Oceanic island systems like Hawaii have been particularly susceptible to invaders and efforts to prevent further invasions focus on reducing the accidental and purposeful pathways by which harmful species arrive. A proposal that was initiated in 1988 to expand the airport at Kahului to allow direct international flights to Maui was embraced by some residents as a much-needed plan for expanding tourism and providing long-term economic improvements. Others predicted that if flights arrived from a variety of Pacific Rim countries, invasive species would be introduced that could find a suitable new home somewhere in Maui's diverse habitats. Such invaders would likely include new agricultural pests and threats to natural resource conservation, especially to the many endemic species in Haleakala National Park, and hence could have negative long-term impacts on the ecology and quality of life on Maui. We have developed materials based on this on-going, real-world scenario so that students can develop their research, communication, and critical thinking skills through examination of these conflicting ecological and social issues. Used either as a classroom role-playing exercise or as a case study for students working independently, participants will integrate information from biological, geographical, social, and political science disciplines, while learning how local business and conservation interests can influence, and be influenced by, changes in global trade and transportation.
Glucose metabolic phenotyping and prediction of tumor grade in soft tissue and bone tumors by 18F-FDG PET imaging

1731 Objectives The aims of this study were twofold: first we examined whether the glucose metabolic phenotype varies among different WHO sarcoma subtypes. Second, we determined whether the degree of FDG uptake correlates with tumor grade determined by a) a two tier grading system and b) a three tier grading system of the French Federation of Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group (FNCLCC). Methods 124 patients (64 males, 60 females; 48±18 yrs) with 21 soft tissue and bone tumor subtypes underwent baseline FDG-PET/CT imaging. Fourteen patients (11%) had benign soft tissue tumors, 97 patients (78%) had soft tissue sarcomas, and 13 patients (10%) had bone sarcomas. Tumor SUVmax was compared amongst subtypes and with histopathologic grade. Results Although some histologic subtypes showed a wider range in SUVmax compared to others, SUVmax did not differ significantly among the various high grade sarcoma subtypes (p=0.54). Tumor SUVmax differed significantly among grade 1 (4.36±1.86) grade 2 (9.94±7.21) and grade 3 (14.88±11.46) tumors (p Conclusions FDG-PET cannot discriminate between different sarcoma subtypes. The degree of FDG tumor uptake correlates reasonably well with histological grade.
Student Leadership Today, Professional Employment Tomorrow

This chapter describes a model for elevating students as colleagues driven by student leadership development. Treating students as colleagues allows organizations to transcend traditional employment roles, and to develop leadership identity while preparing students for leadership as professionals.
How to use this book

This book provides current expert recommendations on the diagnosis and treatment of all major disorders throughout medicine in the form of tabular summaries. Essential guidelines on each of the topics have been condensed into two pages of vital information, summarizing the main procedures in diagnosis and management of each disorder to provide a quick and easy reference.
Influence of Ethyl Caproate on the Size of Lipid Vesicles and Yeast Cells

Ethyl caproate (EC) is a key flavor component of sake. Recently, in sake brewing, an effort has been underway to increase the content of aromatic components such as EC. However, the function of EC in yeast cells remains poorly understood. Therefore, we investigated the effects of EC using cell-sized lipid vesicles. We found that vesicle size decreases in a concentration-dependent manner when EC is contained in lipid vesicles. Furthermore, yeast experiments showed that a strain producing high quantities of EC in its stationary phase decreased in size during EC production. Given caproic acid’s (CA) status as the esterification precursor of EC in yeast, we also compared lipid vesicles containing CA with those containing EC. We found that CA vesicles were smaller than EC vesicles of the same concentration. These results suggest that EC production may function apparently to maintain cell size.
Is Convertible Debt A Substitute for Straight Debt or Common Equity

This paper examines the ability of the risk-shifting hypothesis and the backdoor-equity hypothesis to explain firms' decisions to issue convertible debt. Using a security choice model that incorporates pre-offer issue, issuer, and macroeconomic information, we document significant variation in the market reaction to new convertible debt issues depending on whether investors expect the motivation for issuance to be asset substitution or asymmetric information. Our results suggest that both motives explain the use and design of convertible debt. Some firms issue convertible debt instead of straight debt to mitigate the costs of bondholder/stockholder agency conflicts. Other issuers issue convertible debt instead of common equity to reduce the costs of adverse selection.
A test for independence based on the correlation dimension

This paper presents a test of independence that can be applied to the estimated residuals of any time series model that can be transformed into a model driven by independent and identically distributed errors. The first order asymptotic distribution of the test statistic is independent of estimation error provided that the parameters of the model under test can be estimated -consistently. Because of this, our method can be used as a model selection tool and as a specification test. Widely used software1 written by Dechert and LeBaron can be used to implement the test. Also, this software is fast enough that the null distribution of our test statistic can be estimated with bootstrap methods. Our method can be viewed as a nonlinear analog of the Box-Pierce Q statistic used in ARIMA analysis.
Reversible Glutathionylation Regulates Actin Polymerization in A431 Cells

Abstract In response to growth factor stimulation, many mammalian cells transiently generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that lead to the elevation of tyrosine-phosphorylated and glutathionylated proteins. While investigating EGF-induced glutathionylation in A431 cells, paradoxically we found deglutathionylation of a major 42-kDa protein identified as actin. Mass spectrometric analysis revealed that the glutathionylation site is Cys-374. Deglutathionylation of the G-actin leads to about a 6-fold increase in the rate of polymerization.In vivo studies revealed a 12% increase in F-actin content 15 min after EGF treatment, and F-actin was found in the cell periphery suggesting that in response to growth factor, actin polymerizationin vivo is regulated by a reversible glutathionylation mechanism. Deglutathionylation is most likely catalyzed by glutaredoxin (thioltranferase), because Cd(II), an inhibitor of glutaredoxin, inhibits intracellular actin deglutathionylation at 2 μm, comparable with its IC50 in vitro. Moreover, mass spectral analysis showed efficient transfer of GSH from immobilized S-glutathionylated actin to glutaredoxin. Overall, this study revealed a novel physiological relevance of actin polymerization regulated by reversible glutathionylation of the penultimate cysteine mediated by growth factor stimulation.
Thermal Imaging Control of Furnaces and Combustors

The object if this project is to demonstrate and bring to commercial readiness a near-infrared thermal imaging control system for high temperature furnaces and combustors. The thermal imaging control system, including hardware, signal processing, and control software, is designed to be rugged, self-calibrating, easy to install, and relatively transparent to the furnace operator.
Mode Coupling and Loss on Tapered Optical Waveguides

We consider the modal characteristics of a linearly tapered multimode step index optical fiber using a discrete step approximation to the smooth taper. Our method accounts for the interaction between modes and is capable of tracking the propagation through the taper by using an accurate expansion of the field on each side of the step; we use basis functions that are known to approximate the field very accurately. Integration is avoided in evaluating the coupling efficiency across the step. The circular step index fiber is convenient to test our method inasmuch as Snyder [1] gives a simple formula that predicts the interaction between the HE,, and the HE,2 modes in a multimode fiber. However, our method is accurate for a wide range of waveguides of arbitrary cross section and arbitrary refractive index profile. Snyder’s work is based on coupled mode theory and ignores all loss and coupling except between the two modes of interest.
Sourcing for parameter estimation and study of logistic differential equation

We present two simulation activities for students to generate real data and several data sources for the purpose of estimating parameters in the logistic differential equation model.
RGD Dendron Bodies; Synthetic Avidity Agents with Defined and Potentially Interchangeable Effector Sites That Can Substitute for Antibodies

Poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrons were synthesized with c(RGDyK) peptide on the surface to create a scaffold for cellular targeting and multivalent binding. Binary dendron-RGD conjugates were synthesized with a single Alexa Fluor 488, biotin, methotrexate drug molecule, or additional functionalized dendron at the focal point. The targeted dendron platform was shown to specifically target αVβ3 integrin expressing human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and human glioblastoma cells (U87MG) in vitro via flow cytometry. Specific targeting of the dendron−RGD platform was further confirmed by confocal microscopy. Biological activity of the targeted drug conjugate was confirmed via XTT assay. The orthogonal reaction chemistry used at the dendron focal point gives a precise 1:1 ratio of the attachment of multiple functionalities to a small-molecular-weight, chemically stable, high avidity molecule. These studies serve as a framework to selectively combine biologically relevant functions with enhanced speci...
Magnetointernal Field Emission in Junctions of Magnetic Insulators

The observation of internal field emission (Fowler-Nordheim tunneling) in magnetically ordered insulators is reported. A large magnetic field effect was observed and interpreted as a decrease in the barrier height due to spin ordering.
Cancer: a roadmap for the land of small tumors.

Advances in the diagnosis, treatment and management of neuroendocrine tumors have led to a consensus meeting of the National Cancer Institute, the new directions of which are now reported by Kulke and colleagues. Many thoughtful proposals are presented that should be of interest to the increasing number of physicians who see patients with these unique tumors.
Abstract C26: Molecular determinants of the intravasation step in cancer metastasis

Intravasation, the directional entry of primary tumor cells into host vasculature, remains the most understudied step in the metastatic cascade, likely due to deficiency in models recapitulating the intravasation process and allowing for molecular probing and intervention in vivo. By employing chick embryo models of spontaneous metastasis, where human tumor cells form microtumors and disseminate into secondary tissues strictly via an angiogenic vasculature, we have identified several rate-limiting processes and critical molecules of tumor and host origin, which functionally contribute to intravasation. We have demonstrated that the induction of an intravasation-sustaining tumor microenvironment involves tumor-produced cytokines, including IL-8 that triggers the influx of neutrophils into developing primary tumors. These inflammatory neutrophils deliver a potent pro-angiogenic protease, TIMP-1-free MMP-9, which releases stroma-bound angiogenic factors such as FGF-2 and VEGF. In addition, our recent findings indicate that M2-polarized macrophages also produce TIMP-1-deficient MMP-9, which explains the high angiogenic potential of this sub-type of inflammatory cells. Whereas host inflammatory cell MMP-9 promotes tumor angiogenesis, one of the tumor-produced MMPs, namely MMP-1, appears to regulate the microarchitecture of intratumoral vasculature. We have demonstrated that carcinoma cell MMP-1 facilitates tumor cell intravasation by specific induction of vascular permeability via activation of PAR1 expressed on the angiogenic endothelial cells. Finally, we show that intimate interactions between tumor cells and host endothelial cells result in de novo generation of plasmin that cleaves a transmembrane molecule, CDCP1, regulating tumor cell survival and motility signaling, which allows for successful intravasation. Together, our findings illuminate how different proteolytic enzymes, implicated mostly in path-clearing matrix proteolysis and tumor invasion, also orchestrate localized protein modifications and regulate cellular processes leading to, and following the intratumoral intravasation events. Citation Format: Elena I. Deryugina, James P. Quigley. Molecular determinants of the intravasation step in cancer metastasis. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr C26.
Imaging red blood cell dynamics by quantitative phase microscopy

Red blood cells (RBCs) play a crucial role in health and disease, and structural and mechanical abnormalities of these cells have been associated with important disorders such as Sickle cell disease and hereditary cytoskeletal abnormalities. Although several experimental methods exist for analysis of RBC mechanical properties, optical methods stand out as they enable collecting mechanical and dynamic data from live cells without physical contact and without the need for exogenous contrast agents. In this report, we present quantitative phase microscopy techniques that enable imaging RBC membrane fluctuations with nanometer sensitivity at arbitrary time scales from milliseconds to hours. We further provide a theoretical framework for extraction of membrane mechanical and dynamical properties using time series of quantitative phase images. Finally, we present an experimental approach to extend quantitative phase imaging to 3-dimensional space using tomographic methods. By providing non-invasive methods for imaging mechanics of live cells, these novel techniques provide an opportunity for high-throughput analysis and study of RBC mechanical properties in health and disease.
Nonlocal thermal transport in solar flares

A flaring solar atmosphere is modeled assuming classical thermal transport, locally limited thermal transport, and nonlocal thermal transport. The classical, local, and nonlocal expressions for the heat flux yield significantly different temperature, density, and velocity profiles throughout the rise phase of the flare. Evaporation of chromospheric material begins earlier in the nonlocal case than in the classical or local calculations, but reaches much lower upward velocities. Much higher coronal temperatures are achieved in the nonlocal calculations owing to the combined effects of delocalization and flux limiting. The peak velocity and momentum are roughly the same in all three cases. A more impulsive energy release influences the evolution of the nonlocal model more than the classical and locally limited cases.
Pancreatic neoplasia induced by ras expression in acinar cells of transgenic mice

Expression of an activated human c-H-ras oncogene under control of rat elastase I regulating elements leads to neoplasia of the fetal exocrine pancreas. In most transgenic mice bearing this gene construct, massive tumors involving all the pancreatic acinar cells develop within a few days of pancreatic differentiation. Expression of the normal c-H-ras proto-oncogene in acinar cells leads to more subtle anomalies, but no tumors develop. Thus modest amounts of the mutant ras proteins are sufficient, in an otherwise normal genetic background, to lead to neoplastic transformation of differentiating pancreatic acinar cells. In contrast, a comparable elastase-myc construct produces no pancreatic tumors in transgenic mice.
LAT: a T lymphocyte adapter protein that couples the antigen receptor to downstream signaling pathways.

Adapter molecules in a variety of signal transduction systems link receptors to a limited number of commonly used downstream signaling pathways. During T-cell development and mature T-cell effector function, a multichain receptor (the pre-T-cell antigen receptor or the T-cell antigen receptor) activates several protein tyrosine kinases. Receptor and kinase activation is linked to distal signaling pathways (PLC-γ1 activation, Ca2+ influx, PKC activation and Ras/Erk activation) via the adapter protein LAT (Linker for Activation of T cells). Structure/function studies of LAT including expression of selected LAT point mutations in vivo reveals that these multiple pathways are integrated at the level of the LAT adapter. These studies suggest that similar levels of control may be found in other systems where adapter molecules are known to have important functions. BioEssays 26:61–67, 2004. Published 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Trends in depression and anxiety: men and women

Recent reports from four longitudinal studies indicate that the epidemiology of depression and anxiety in general populations may have changed over the third quarter of this century. In each of two studies in the United States, one in Canada, and one in Sweden, more women than men at mid-century were found to have experienced depression and/or anxiety. By the end of the quarter, women and men in a few to several age groups were more equal in this regard than they had been earlier. In each study, interpretation was offered to the effect that social and historical changes may have contributed to these epidemiologic trends. The four studies are reviewed, and it is suggested that the findings deserve attention as generating hypotheses for further research.
New method for finding multiple meaningful trajectories

Mathematical foundations and algorithms for efficiently finding multiple meaningful trajectories (FMMT) in a sequence of digital images are presented. A meaningful trajectory is motion created by a sentient being or by a device under the control of a sentient being. It is smooth and predictable over short time intervals. A meaningful trajectory can suddenly appear or disappear in sequence images. The development of the FMMT is based on these assumptions. A finite state machine in the FMMT is used to model the trajectories under the conditions of occlusions and false targets. Each possible trajectory is associated with an initial state of a finite state machine. When two frames of data are available, a linear predictor is used to predict the locations of all possible trajectories. All trajectories within a certain error bound are moved to a monitoring trajectory state. When trajectories attain three consecutive good predictions, they are moved to a valid trajectory state and considered to be locked into a tracking mode. If an object is occluded while in the valid trajectory state, the predicted position is used to continue to track; however, the confidence in the trajectory is lowered. If the trajectory confidence falls below a lower limit, the trajectory is terminated. Results are presented that illustrate the FMMT applied to track multiple munitions fired from a missile in a sequence of images. Accurate trajectories are determined even in poor images where the probabilities of miss and false alarm are very high.© (1995) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
The Excitation of Characteristic X-Rays by Protons

A qualitative study of the x-rays produced by protons of 1.76 Mev energy shows that these rays are the characteristic $K$ and $L$ radiations from the targets used. The variation of intensity with proton energy and with atomic number is found to be in agreement with that expected theoretically.
Tools for Curriculum Research and Development: Potential Contributions from Cognitive Science.

(1978). Tools for Curriculum Research and Development: Potential Contributions from Cognitive Science. Curriculum Inquiry: Vol. 8, No. 4, pp. 311-340.
Adherence, stereotyping and unequal HIV treatment for active users of illegal drugs

Abstract Adherence to antiretroviral therapy promotes viral suppression and extends the lives of individuals with HIV, yet illegal drug users are underrepresented among eligible persons receiving HIV treatment. One explanation for this is the assumption that drug users are less capable than others of adhering to complicated medication regimens. This paper investigates this assumption by making explicit a number of its underlying propositions and examining them in light of data collected from 52 active drug users living in and around Boston, USA, who were taking highly active antiretroviral therapy for HIV (HAART). The propositions are: (1) drug users lead “chaotic” lives; (2) active drug users are always using drugs; (3) being under the influence of drugs precludes taking medications as prescribed; and (4) drug users are intrinsically different from non-users in the lives they lead and the problems they face. Data collection consisted of a series of qualitative interviews with each participant. An analytic approach informed by grounded theory was used to construct thematic content categories from the data. Results revealed stability and control as well as “chaos” in the lives of study participants. Frequency of drug use varied considerably. Using did interfere with adherence, but not in every circumstance or all cases. Not “carrying” medications, competing priorities, and re-defining regimens were the most salient of a number of non-drug-use-related obstacles observed. Documentation of patterns of variation in corresponding data highlights the stereotypical quality of the propositions. Stereotyping risks overemphasis on drug use as a barrier to adherence for active users, and underemphasis on non-drug-use-related obstacles. Adherence capabilities of users, in contrast to inadequacies, are also obscured through stereotyping. As a medium for stigmatization, stereotyping may contribute to unequal treatment for drug users and other populations living with HIV.
Utilizing camelid-derived single domain antibodies to enhance immunotherapy of ovarian cancer

growth, and cancer cells are well known to be “glutamine-addicted.” Glutamine is converted by glutaminase to glutamate, and glutamate is converted by glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH) to α-ketoglutarate, which enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle for the production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP). In addition, glutamine generates the antioxidant glutathione, which removes reactive oxygen species (ROS) and regulates critical cell signaling pathways. Our objective was to explore the effects of glutamine on ovarian cancer (OC) cell growth and metabolism. Methods: We used the OC cell lines HEY, SKOV3, and IGROV1 and assessed dell proliferation by MTT assay. Cell cycle progression and apoptosis were evaluated by Cellometer. Western immunoblotting was performed to evaluate the effects of glutamine on downstream targets of the mTOR and MAPK pathways and proteins related to cellular stress. Glucose uptake, GDH activity, lactate, ATP, and ROS production were all assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The effect of mTOR pathway inhibition on glutaminestimulated cell proliferation was assessed by 1) treatment with rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, and 2) knockdown of S6 by siRNA transfection. Results: Glutamine stimulated cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner in the three OC cell lines. In addition, glutamine increased GDH activity, glucose uptake, and lactate and ATP production and resulted in increased phosphorylation of S6 and p42/44. As expected, glutamine starvation had the opposite effect on the OC cell lines, leading to inhibition of cell proliferation, induction of apoptosis and G1 cell cycle arrest, reduced glucose uptake, and decreased lactate and ATP production. Glutamine depletion also induced ROS production and increased expression of the cellular stress proteins PERK, PARP, Bip, and calnexin. Inhibition of S6 by siRNA or rapamycin resulted in inhibition of glutamine-induced cell proliferation as well as a decrease in GDH activity. Conclusions: Glutamine potently increased cell proliferation, glucose uptake, and ATP production whereas glutamine depletion had the opposite effects on OC cells. Glutamine-induced cell proliferation appeared dependent on the mTOR pathway. These studies suggest that targeting glutamine may be a promising therapeutic strategy for ovarian cancer.
Hydrogenolysis of [PhBP3]Fe⋮N-p-tolyl: Probing the Reactivity of an Iron Imide with H2

This paper describes the reductive hydrogenolysis of a low-spin (S = 1/2) iron(III) imide. Pseudotetrahedral [PhBP_3]Fe^(III)≡N-p-tolyl is reduced by hydrogen at ambient temperature and pressure in benzene solution. The reduction appears to proceed in a stepwise fashion. An intermediate S = 2 iron(II) anilide, [PhBP_3]Fe(N(H)-p-tolyl), is observed and has been independently generated and structurally characterized. Prolonged hydrogenolysis in benzene results in the complete hydrogenolysis of the Fe−N linkage to release H2N-p-tolyl. The major iron-containing product formed from this step is the diamagnetic cyclohexadienyl complex, [PhBP_3]Fe(η^5-cyclohexadienyl), which has also been independently prepared and structurally characterized. Evidence is presented to suggest that the final [PhBP_3]Fe(η^5-cyclohexadienyl) product is formed via benzene insertion into a reactive [PhBP_3]Fe^(II)-H intermediate.