cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Application of a degenerate consensus sequence to quantify recognition sites by vertebrate DNA topoisomerase II

A consensus sequence has been derived for vertebrate topoisomerase II cleavage of DNA (Spitzner, J. R. and Muller, M. T. (1988) Nucleic Acid. Res. 16, 5533-5556). An independent sample of 65 topoisomerase II sites (obtained in the absence of topoisomerase II inhibitors) was analyzed and found to match the consensus sequence as well as enzyme sites determined in the presence of the anti-tumor drug 4'-(9-acridinyl-amino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide (m-AMSA). As originally described, conventional application of the consensus sequence afforded accuracy in the prediction of the locations but not the frequencies of topoisomerase II cleavages. In the present report, we describe a new method which quantitatively discriminates sites from nonsites, called the 'matrix mean' method (the mean match of a site to the matrix of base proportions from the original consensus sequence derivation). Furthermore, we derived a second method, called the 'unique score' model, which predicts frequency of topoisomerase II activity at a cleavage site. In the unique score method both DNA strands of a site are examined to determine the total number of the consensus positions that match on at least one strand of a potential site. From the new data base of 65 topoisomerase II sites, cleavages were scored for relative cleavage strength. Linear regression analysis showed a significant (p less than 0.01) correlation between the unique score and cleavage strength. The study was extended to show that the unique score model accurately and quantitatively predicts topoisomerase II sites either in the absence or presence of m-AMSA using the same consensus sequence.
Lower extremity edema from bladder compression of the iliac veins

Two elderly men were referred to our vascular clinic for the management of bilateral lower extremity edema of 2 to 3 months' duration. Their evaluation included phlebograms, which demonstrated external compression of their iliac veins. CT scans of the pelvis suggested that large bladders caused the compression. Each patient had mild symptoms of prostatism. Transurethral resection of the prostate was recommended to and accepted by each patient. Decompression of the bladder was accompanied by complete relief of the lower extremity venostasis in both patients. Review of the literature yielded only eight similar cases of this unusual cause of lower extremity edema.
Multiobjective design of actively controlled structures using a hybrid optimization method

A multiobjective approach to the combined structure and control optimization problem for flexible space structures is presented. The proposed formulation addresses robustness considerations for controller design, as well as a simultaneous determination of optimum actuator locations. The structural weight, controlled system energy, stability robustness index and damping augmentation provided by the active controller are considered as objective functions of the multiobjective problem which is solved using a cooperative game-theoretic approach. The actuator locations and the cross-sectional areas of structural members are treated as design variables. Since the actuator locations are spatially discrete, whereas the cross-sectional areas are continuous, the optimization problem has mixed discrete-continuous design variables. A solution approach to this problem based on a hybrid optimization scheme is presented. The hybrid optimizer is a synergetic blend of artificial genetic search and gradient-based search techniques. The computational procedure is demonstrated through the design of an ACOSS-FOUR space structure. The optimum solutions obtained using the hybrid optimizer are shown to outperform the optimum results obtained using gradient-based search techniques.
Co-Construction and Process: A Response to Sismondo's Classification of Constructivisms

Any classification into types can clarify our view of the whole while, at the same time, distracting our attention from hybrids and the processes by which they are formed and sustained.1 In this light, the recent review by Sismondo, which teases out some of the multiple meanings given to the term 'construction', and his subsequent exchange with Knorr-Cetina,2 should leave us troubled. Many of us are interested in the processes of science in the making, in which scientific theories, materials, tools, language, institutions and wider social relations are being co-constructed, and are trying to analyze the diverse 'resources' drawn upon by agents in such co-construction processes.3 Sismondo's classification makes little space for that strand of social studies of science, focusing as it does on the type of thing being produced, not the processes of their production. Knorr-Cetina does not take issue
On the optimization of piston skirt profiles using a pseudo-adaptive response surface method

A method for the optimization of piston skirt profiles used in internal combustion engine piston design is proposed. The method is based on a response surface approximation of standard performance measures used in piston design, namely, the RMS values of the piston’s transverse and angular accelerations, used as indicators of piston slap and noise, and the friction work on the skirt. The method is intended to be used in conjunction with computationally-intensive piston simulation tools. As such, it can be used also as a paradigm for strategies to solve optimization problems that rely on computationally expensive simulation models. An example illustrates the capabilities of the method and the significant enhancements in performance that result from an optimized piston skirt profile.
Reactivity of cis-[RuCl2(TMSO)4] towards carbon monoxide: synthesis, structure, and reactivity of tetramethylene sulfoxide complexes [RuCl2(CO)x(TMSO)4−x] (x=1–3)

Abstract The reactivity of cis -[RuCl 2 (TMSO) 4 ] (TMSO=tetramethylene sulfoxide) towards carbon monoxide has been systematically investigated. The reaction of cis -[RuCl 2 (TMSO) 4 ] with CO at various temperatures and ambient pressure leads to substitution of either one, two, or three TMSO ligands with CO, depending on the choice of reaction conditions. Thus, we have been able to isolate cis -[RuCl 2 (TMSO) 3 (CO)] ( 1 ), cis -[RuCl 2 (TMSO) 2 (CO) 2 ] ( 2 ), and fac -[RuCl 2 (TMSO)(CO) 3 ] ( 3 ). Crystal of 1 is colorless, orthorhombic, space group Pca 2 1 , a =18.4574(2) A, b =8.2509(3) A, c =12.5757(4) A. Crystal of 2 is yellow, triclinic, space group P 1 , a =8.4480(10) A, b =9.223(2) A, c =10.768(2) A, α =74.157(7)°, β =73.399(7)°, γ =83.775(8)°. Crystal of 3 is a colorless prism, monoclinic, space group P 2 1 / n , a =10.134(5) A, b =9.056(4) A, c =13.274(9) A, β =100.67(2)°. These complexes represent the first example of well-characterized Ru(II)-chloride-TMSO-carbonyl complexes. The most salient feature is that substitution of more than one TMSO ligand with carbon monoxide induces the selective isomerization of TMSO mutually trans to it from S- to O-bonding TMSO ( 2 and 3 ). However, in contrast to Ru(II, III)-chloro-DMSO-carbonyl and Ru(III)-chloro-TMSO-carbonyl complexes, no isomerization was observed on coordination of carbon monoxide in compound 1 . Complex 1 is the versatile precursor for the synthesis of Ru(II)CO species in which TMSO ligands are partially or entirely replaced by N-donor ligands. Reaction of 1 with pyridine produces two different compounds, trans -[RuCl 2 (TMSO)(CO)(py) 2 ] ( 4 ) and trans -[RuCl 2 (py) 4 ] ( 5 ). The crystal of 4 is yellow, monoclinic, space group C 2/ c , a =12.807(2) A, b =10.561(2) A, c =25.809(5) A, β =94.320(6)°. Attempted reaction of 1 with TMSO resulted in no new compound.
Inhalation studies with chloracetophenone, diphenylaminochloroarsine, and pelargonic morpholide--I. Animal exposures.

Abstract Acute toxicity studies in rats, mice, and guinea pigs indicate that chloracetophenone, diphenylaminochloroarsine, and pelargonic morpholide are slightly to moderately toxic materials. The signs of intoxication observed in the animals during the exposure to these compounds were salivation, lacrimation, lethargy and labored breathing. Histopathological examination of animals sacrificed or dying during exposure revealed no findings below an inhaled dose of 1,000 mg-min/M3 of chloracetophenone, 500 mg-mia/M2 of diphenylaminochloroarsine, and 5,000 mg-mitt/M2 of pelargonic morpholide.
A Spatial and Temporal Frequency Based Figure-Ground Processor

Recent findings in visual psychophysics have shown that figure-ground perception can be specified by the spatial and temporal response characteristics of the visual system. Higher spatial frequency regions of the visual field are perceived as figure and lower spatial frequency regions are perceived as background/ (Klymenko and Weisstein, 1986, Wong and Weisstein, 1989). Higher temporal frequency regions are seen as background and lower temporal frequency regions are seen as figure (Wong and Weisstein, 1987, Klymenko, Weisstein, Topolski, and Hsieh, 1988). Thus, high spatial and low temporal frequencies appear to be associated with figure and low spatial and high temporal frequencies appear to be associated with background.
Two-particle states in 210Pb, 210Bi and 210Po with realistic forces

Abstract Two-particle states in 210 Pb, 210 Bi and 210 Po have been calculated with reaction matrix elements deduced from the Hamada-Johnston potential. The inclusion of core polarization is essential for reproducing experimental spectra. Some qualitative aspects of the effective interaction are discussed.
Malignant mesothelioma growth inhibition by agents that target the VEGF and VEGF-C autocrine loops.

Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a locally aggressive tumor that originates from the mesothelial cells of the pleural and sometimes peritoneal surface. Conventional treatments for MM, consisting of chemotherapy or surgery give little survival benefit to patients, who generally die within 1 year of diagnosis. Hence, there is an urgent need for the development of alternative therapies. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an autocrine growth factor for MM. The closely related molecule, VEGF-C, is also implicated in malignant mesothelioma growth. VEGF-C and its cognate receptor VEGFR-3 are co-expressed in mesothelioma cell lines. A functional VEGF-C autocrine growth loop was demonstrated in mesothelioma cells by targeting VEGF-C expression and binding to VEGFR-3. The ability of novel agents that reduce the levels of VEGF and VEGF-C to inhibit mesothelioma cell growth in vitro was assessed. Antisense oligonucleotide (ODN) complementary to VEGF that inhibited VEGF and VEGF-C expression simultaneously specifically inhibited mesothelioma cell growth. Similarly, antibodies to VEGF receptor (VEGFR-2) and VEGF-C receptor (VEGFR-3) were synergistic in inhibiting mesothelioma cell growth. In addition, a diphtheria toxin-VEGF fusion protein (DT-VEGF), which is toxic to cells that express VEGF receptors was very effective in inhibiting mesothelioma cell growth in vitro. These results indicate that targeting VEGF and VEGF-C simultaneously may be an effective therapeutic approach for malignant mesothelioma.
Adaptive Riemannian metric for plane-wave electronic-structure calculations

The plane-wave method for electronic-structure calculations is reformulated using generalized curvilinear coordinates. The search for the solutions of the Schrodinger equation is then cast into an optimization problem in which both the plane-wave expansion coefficients and the coordinate system (or the Riemannian metric tensor) are treated as variational parameters. This allows the effective plane-wave energy cut-off to vary in the unit cell in an unbiased way. The method is tested in the calculation of the lowest bound state of an "atom" represented by a Gaussian potential well, showing that the relaxation of the metric dramatically improves the convergence of the plane-wave expansion of the solutions.
Material forces in micromorphic thermoelastic solids

The physical foundation, balance laws and constitutive relations of microcontinuum field theories are briefly reviewed. The concept of material forces, which may also be referred as Eshelbian mechanics, is extended to micromorphic theory. The balance law of pseudo-momentum is formulated. The detailed expressions of Eshelby stress tensor, pseudo-momentum and material forces are derived. It is found that, for micromorphic thermoelastic solids, the material forces are due to (1) body force and body moment, (2) temperature gradient and (3) the material inhomogeneities in density, microinertia and elastic coefficients. Finite element analysis is performed for a polycrystalline, which is composed of randomly distributed and oriented grains and in between the grain boundaries in its amorphous phase. Each grain is modeled as a single crystal by specialized micromorphic theory. The grain boundaries are modeled with a thin and finite width by classical continuum mechanics. A thin film of silicon, cooling down from ...
On the convergence of the finite element method for problems with singularity

Abstract For problems with singularities, the convergence rate for the finite element method are often controlled by the nature of the solution near the points of singularity. Unless the singularities are properly handled, the regular so-called high-accuracy element will not be able to improve the rate of convergence.
Energetics and regulations of formate and hydrogen metabolism by Methanobacterium formicicum

Accumulation of formate to millimolar levels was observed during the growth of Methanobacterium formicicum species on H2−CO2. Hydrogen was also produced during formate metabolism by M. formicicum. The amount of formate accumulated in the medium or the amount H2 released in gas phase was influenced by the bicarbonate concentration. The formate hydrogenlyase system was constitutive but regulated by formate. When methanogenesis was inhibited by addition of 2-bromoethane sulfonate, M. formicicum synthesized formate from H2 plus HCO inf3 sup- or produced H2 from formate to a steady-state level at which point the Gibbs free energy (ΔG′) available for formate synthesis or H2 production was approximately -2 to -3 kJ/reaction. Formate conversion to methane was inhibited in the presence of high H2 pressure. The relative rates of conversion of formate and H2 were apparently controlled by the ΔG′ available for formate synthesis, hydrogen production, methane production from formate and methane production from H2. Results from 14C-tracer tests indicated that a rapid isotopic exchange between HCOO- and HCO inf3 sup- occurred during the growth of M. formicicum on H2−CO2. Data from metabolism of 14C-labelled formate to methane suggested that formate was initially split to H2 and HCO inf3 sup- and then subsequently converted to methane. When molybdate was replaced with tungstate in the growth media, the growth of M. formicicum strain MF on H2−CO2 was inhibited although production of methane was not Formate synthesis from H2 was also inhibited.
Dormant or defiant? Dendritic cells in CVID

Comment on Bayry et al, page [2441][1] DCs are highly specialized antigen-presenting cells that play a central role in initiating T-cell responses. DC–T-cell interactions lead to up-regulation of costimulatory molecules important for an effective T-cell activation. Common variable
Notes from universities

Because of its small faculty (six professors in Computer Science), Brown does not offer a complete course in microprogramming. A substantial portion of the third semester in the Computer Science sequence is devoted to aspects of microprogramming. Microprogramming is treated as merely another level in the hierarchy running from the hardware to programs written in higher level languages. The student has already had substantial experience in the design and implementation of gates, registers, adders and the like. Using a simulator written in APL he has designed and implemented a simple control unit, and arithmetic/logic unit, and a random access memory. He has written several programs in both PL/I and BAL. In the third semester, the microprogramming system available on one of the computers at Brown (either a DSC Meta 4 or an Interdata Model 3) is covered and he codes and debugs one of the more complicated instructions (i.e., Translate and Test or Search Linked List or Table).
Somali Reconstruction and Local Initiative: Amoud University

Abstract No one could have predicted Somalia's disintegration into “clan” fiefdoms. The country was thought to be one of the most homogenous nation-states in Africa. Many observers stridently insist that clan structures are necessary for Somalia's rehabilitation. All international sponsored reconciliation conferences premised on the centrality of the clan failed. I argue that Somalia's shared cultural values were necessary, but an insufficient basis for national cohesion. Public institutions are key to sustaining shared values and foraging an inclusive identity. Local initiatives like Amoud University, a community-owned institution, is the forerunner of a new type of Somali institution that caters to common, rather than sectarian, interests. If initial steps are sustained, this local initiative could mark the birth of a new Somalia.
Fluid flow and heat transfer in incandescent lamps

Abstract A numerical model is developed to study the two-dimensional laminar, natural-convection flow in incandescent lamps by a finite-volume solution of the steady continuity, Navier-Stokes and energy equations on a curvilinear body-fitted computational grid. The model is applied to typical vertically- and horizontally-oriented lamps containing an inert gas at high pressure. The predicted heat transfer from the filament agrees to within 15% with a semi-empirical correlation. The relationship of the flowfield to observed blackening patterns is discussed. Transport of minor species is formulated and computed for inert tungsten vapor.
METHYL BROMIDE, TIME and TEMPERATURE of EXPOSURE ON APPLE QUALITY

. The use of methyl bromide (MeBr) as a fumigant to control codling moth in ‘Delicious’apples resulted in a loss of firmness, internal color and therefore a reduction in the amount of acceptable fruit. Time and temperature of MeBr exposure were directly related to firmness and internal color loss. As the exposure time was increased beyond 2 h and exposure temperature above 6°C firmness and internal color loss were accelerated. an 8-day ambient storage period exacerbated firmness and internal color loss as time and temperature of MeBr exposure were increased. A fumigation regime of 56 g MeBr/m3 at 6°C for 2 h resulted in acceptable fruit during a 60 day refrigerated storage period. Increased exposure times or temperatures beyond 56 g MeBr/m3 at 6°C for 2 h resulted in unacceptable firmness and internal color loss, coupled with a major loss in acceptable fruit.
Habit Changes of Sodium Bromate Crystals Grown from Gel Media

Agarose, gelatin, and silica gel media have been surveyed as appropriate matrixes for the crystal growth of sodium bromate (NaBrO3). From pure aqueous solution, NaBrO3 crystallizes with a characteristic tetrahedral habit. We have demonstrated that a greater variety of habits (e.g., cubic, tetrahedral, polyhedral, and dendritic) can be reliably obtained from the growth in these gel media by controlling the solute concentration and the gel density. Agarose and silica matrixes suppress the nucleation as the gel density increases, while increasing gelatin concentrations seem to enhance crystal nucleation rates. These observations support the general hypothesis that the gel media influences the relative growth rates by controlling the solute nucleation and diffusion; however, little can be concluded about the possible chemical interaction between the polymeric backbone and the solute.
The variability of output-inflation tradeoffs

Abstract This paper examines the nature of the variability of the output-inflation tradeoff in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom. A stochastic coefficient regression specification is used to allow for the possibility that the tradeoff varies continuously over time. Where our estimates show evidence of variability in the terms of the output-inflation tradeoff we examine the extent to which such variability might be associated with period-by-period variation in the variance of inflation and aggregate demand along lines suggested by the new classical models of Robert Lucas.
High-Energy Femtosecond Pulse Compression Using the Cascade Nonlinearity

Pulse compression is a well-established technique for generating optical pulses shorter than those produced directly by lasers or amplifiers.
Intrapericardial bronchogenic cyst::Assessment with magnetic resonance imaging and transesophageal echocardiography

ducing a sanginous fluid containing no organisms or A bronchogenic cyst, the most common type of intramalignant cells) and oral steroids. An echocardiothoracic foregut cyst, arises from an abnormality of gram later that year was reported to be normal with tracheobronchial tree budding. Lined by columnar the exception of mild mitral valve prolapse. respiratory epithelium, these cysts may arise from In the emergency room, physical examination was many locations including the pericarinal, paratraunremarkable except for mild respiratory distress. cheal, and intrapulmonary regions. Rarely, these Standard blood chemistries and cell counts were cysts are identified in unusual locations, making diwithin normal limits. A chest radiograph was obagnosis challenging. We present a case where a brontained and was negative. Blood gases demonstrated chogenic cyst is discovered within the pericardium mild hypoxemia (PO2 5 72.3) and the patient was of a middle-aged women presenting with chest pain, sent for ventilation/perfusion imaging. This study redyspnea on exertion, and shortness of breath. Imvealed a mismatched perfusion defect in the right aging, surgical intervention, and pathologic speciupper lobe, suspicious for acute pulmonary embomens provide a complete overview of this unusual lus. Heparin was begun, and subsequent pulmonary case. A review of the literature, including developangiography proved negative. mental characteristics, pathology, symptomatology, The patient remained stable until the day of transand radiologic features of bronchogenic cysts is also fer to Johns Hopkins when she developed upper exprovided. tremity, chest, and neck edema, and moderate cyano-
Methods for Analyzing Nose Gear During Landing Using Structural Finite Element Analysis

The objective of this paper is to provide a modeling and analysis guide that can be used in determining the stress and displacement behaviors of an aircraft nose gear during landing. The paper outlines themodeling and analysis of the nose gear of an aircraft using finite element analysis. The nose gear was first modeled using computer-aided design software and then imported intofinite element software. The external forceswere determined analytically and the interactions between components were carefully modeled using contact analysis. The tire was modeled using the eye-bar theory. The results obtained in this work are consistent with the Federal Aviation Administration’s recommendations for physical testing.
The reciprocal nature of trust: A longitudinal study of interacting teams.

This research develops and investigates the concept of reciprocal trust between interacting teams. Reciprocal trust is defined as the trust that results when a party observes the actions of another and reconsiders one's trust-related attitudes and subsequent behaviors based on those observations. Twenty-four teams of systems analysis and design students were involved in a 6-week controlled field study focused on the development of an information systems project. Each team was responsible for both developing a system (development role) and for supervising the development of a system by another team (management role). Risk-taking actions exhibited by one team in an interacting pair were found to predict the other team's trustworthiness perceptions and subsequent trust. The level of trust formed in turn predicted the team's subsequent risk-taking behaviors with respect to the other team. This pattern of reciprocal trust repeated itself as the teams continued to interact over the duration of the project, thus supporting our model of reciprocal trust. Findings also indicate that trust and trust formation can occur at the team level. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
Two unusual cases of postcholecystectomy pain

I report on two patients who were initially diagnosed with sphincter of Oddi dysfunction (S.O.D.) because of postcholecystectomy pain in the right upper quadrant; both had other causes of pain. One patient had an aberrant hepatic duct that drained into a remnant of the cystic duct resulting in formation of stones. The second patient had adhesions of the stomach to the liver with the ligamentum teres bowing across the antrum. Gastroenterologists and endoscopic surgeons should be aware of causes of postcholecystectomy pain that are unrelated to sphincter of Oddi dysfunction.
Effective and lesion-free cutaneous influenza vaccination.

The current study details efficient lesion-free cutaneous vaccination via vaccine delivery into an array of micropores in the skin, instead of bolus injection at a single site. Such delivery effectively segregated vaccine-induced inflammation, resulting in rapid resolution of the inflammation, provided that distances between any two micropores were sufficient. When the inoculation site was treated by FDA-approved nonablative fractional laser (NAFL) before insertion of a PR8 model influenza vaccine-packaged, biodegradable microneedle array (MNs), mice displayed vigorous antigen-uptake, eliciting strong Th1-biased immunity. These animals were completely protected from homologous viral challenges, and fully or partially protected from heterologous H1N1 and H3N2 viral challenges, whereas mice receiving MNs alone suffered from severe illnesses or died of similar viral challenges. NAFL-mediated adjuvanicity was ascribed primarily to dsDNA and other “danger” signals released from laser-damaged skin cells. Thus, mice deficient in dsDNA-sensing pathway, but not Toll like receptor (TLR) or inflammasome pathways, showed poor responses to NAFL. Importantly, with this novel approach both mice and swine exhibited strong protective immunity without incurring any appreciable skin irritation, in sharp contrast to the overt skin irritation caused by intradermal injections. The effective lesion-free cutaneous vaccination merits further clinical studies.
State-of-the-art development of hybrid/mixed finite element method

Abstract A brief review of multifield variational principles for the formulation of finite element methods in solid mechanics and an account of the evolution of hybrid/mixed finite element methods are presented first. Discussions of recent applications of the hybrid/mixed finite element methods include: (1) formulation of Loof and semi-Loof elements, (2) special elements based on a priori satisfaction of equilibrium and compatibility conditions, (3) analysis of heterogeneous materials with randomly distributed microstructures and (4) finite element and 3-D finite strip analyses of free edge problems in laminated composites.
Status of structural analysis of 30 cm diameter ion optics

Three structural finite element programs are compared with theory, experimental data, and each other to evaluate their usefulness for modeling the thermomechanical deflection of ion engine electrodes. Two programs, NASTRAN and MARC, used a Cray XMP and the third, Algor, used an IBM compatible personal computer. The shape of the applied temperature gradient greatly affects off-axis displacement, implying that an accurate temperature distribution is required to analyze new designs. The use of bulk material constants to model the perforated electrodes was investigated. The stress and displacement predictions are shown to be sensitive to the temperature gradient and the Young's modulus, and insensitive to number of nodes, above some minimum value, and the Poisson ratio used. The models are shown to be useful tools for evaluating designs. Experimental measurements of temperatures and displacements was identified as the most critical area.
Sonoclot® Evaluation of Single- and Multiple-Dose Subcutaneous Unfractionated Heparin Therapy in Healthy Adult Dogs

Background: Heparin therapy is difficult to monitor due to variation in animal response. While laboratory measurements of activated partial thromboplasin time (aPTT) and Anti-Xa activity (AXA) accurately describe heparin effect, their availability is limited. Hypothesis: Sonoclot analysis would be as sensitive as AXA and aPTT to monitor effects of unfractionated heparin (UFH) in healthy adult dogs. Animals: Six adult mixed-breed dogs. Methods: A prospective study design was employed. On day 1, baseline samples were collected (CBC, PT, aPTT, and Sonoclot), and UFH (300 U/kg SC) was administered to 6 dogs following an IV loading dose of 50 U/kg. Sonoclot and aPTT were performed hourly for 12 hours. AXA was assayed at hours 3, 6, 9, and 12. UFH (300 U/kg q8 h SC) was administered at 12 hours, and subsequently (q8 h) for 2 additional days. On day 4, a final dose of UFH was administered, and a sampling protocol identical to day 1 was performed. Results: Sonoclot activated clotting time (ACT) and clot rate (CR) correlated with AXA (R = 0.69, R = 0.65, respectively, P < .001), although to a lesser degree than aPTT (R = 0.75, P < .001). Linear regression using ACT and CR as covariates indicated a stronger correlation with AXA (R = 0.73, P < .001). ACT values strongly correlated with aPTT (R = 0.87, P < .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance: Administration of UFH to healthy dogs results in progressive changes in Sonoclot values. AXA was correlated with a combination of ACT and CR and with aPTT. Sonoclot may play a role in monitoring UFH therapy; however, prospective studies evaluating its utility in clinical cases are warranted.
Attachment Style and Gender as Predictors of Relational Repair Among the Remarried Rationale for the Study

This study examined the construct of relational repair among remarried persons with an instrument developed to measure repair strategies used by the remarried. It utilized accommodation theory and its connection to commitment to form hypotheses, which predicted connections between the independent variables of attachment style and gender and the dependent variables of relational repair strategies and types of commitment. Multivariate analysis of variance found evidence for an attachment style explanation for the use of relational repair items but did not find the predicted gender connection. There was also a limited connection between attachment style and commitment but none between gender and commitment. Implications for future research involving direct comparisons between once-married and remarried persons and between persons remarried more than once were discussed.
Effects of Novel Vaccine/Adjuvant Complexes on the Protective Immunity Against Eimeria acervulina and Transcriptome Profiles

SUMMARY. This study investigated the ability of two novel adjuvant formulations, QCDC (Quil A/cholesterol/DDA/Carbopol) and QCDCR (QCDC/Bay R1005), in combination with a recombinant profilin vaccine, to modulate host protective immunity and to alter gene expression during experimental avian coccidiosis. Vaccination with profilin plus QCDCR significantly reduced the severity of intestinal lesions and increased mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation in infected chickens compared with immunization with profilin alone or profilin plus QCDC. Immunization with profilin plus QCDC or profilin plus QCDCR increased body weight gain but had no effect on fecal oocyst shedding of chickens infected with Eimeria acervulina compared with birds vaccinated with profilin alone. The results of global gene expression analysis revealed that, compared with PBS controls, (a) chickens vaccinated with profilin alone had 71 up-regulated and 56 down-regulated mRNA transcripts, (b) chickens immunized with profilin plus QCDC had 198...
The Practical Consequences of a National Human Embryonic Stem Cell Registry

The executive order and issuance of federal guidelines for human embryonic stem cell research are positive developments and will produce long-term benefits by creating a new registry for hESC lines. But there may be short-term costs caused by regulatory uncertainty, procedural delay, and knock-on effects as national policies are adopted at state and local jurisdictions. Policymakers must ensure that national mechanisms of oversight for a new hESC registry are adequately funded, properly organized, transparent, and free of bureaucratic detail.
Nanotechnology in cardiovascular medicine.

Nanotechnology is a new field of science and technology that has already had significant impact in the development of novel products in industry. In medicine, application of nanotechnology has the potential to develop new imaging agents, pharmaceutical drugs and medical devices with unique physical and chemical properties. This article reviews the potential for various nanoparticles in cardiovascular imaging and therapeutics, nanoporous structures for sensing and implant based drug delivery, and self-assembled monolayers for surface modification and implant based drug delivery. © 2007 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
Risk assessment by means of Bayesian networks: A comparative study of compressed and liquefied H2 transportation and tank station risks

Abstract Rational decision making in land use planning and licensing of H 2 infrastructure surrounded by other industrial activities and by population should take account of individual and societal risks. QRA software packages produce a risk matrix of potential consequences versus event probabilities without indicating uncertainty, and results are therefore shrouded in ambiguity. Due to the ‘black-box’ effect of a package, the calculations also lack transparency. Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) software modeling cause-consequence chains allow easy inspection of intermediate results and sensitivity tracking, and it can take account of data distributions instead of point values. For support of decision making, risk analysts should in addition determine the utilities of decision alternatives. Utilities describe desirability of benefits on a single scale. Rationally weighing risks versus benefits results in more transparent and defendable decisions. Example risk analyses of two types of refueling stations and three hydrogen supply transportation types applying BBNs are worked out.
Intrasubunit signal transduction by the aspartate chemoreceptor

Receptors that transmit signals across cell membranes are typically composed of multiple subunits. To test whether subunit interactions are required for transmembrane signaling by the bacterial aspartate receptor, dimers were constructed with (i) two full-length subunits, (ii) one full-length subunit and one subunit lacking the cytoplasmic domain, or (iii) one full-length subunit and one subunit lacking both the cytoplasmic and the transmembrane domains. Methylation of the cytoplasmic domain of all three receptor constructs was stimulated by the binding of aspartate. These findings demonstrate that transmembrane signaling does not require interactions between cytoplasmic or transmembrane domains of adjacent subunits and suggest that signaling occurs via conformational changes transduced through a single subunit.
A polyhedral host constructed using a linear template.

A linear template is used to direct the synthesis of a “head-to-head” tetrapyridine in the solid state, which, in a second step, assembles with a transition-metal-ion to form a polyhedral metal-org...
Surface Composition of Porous Glass

Both boron and silicon were detected on the surface of porous glass. Infrared and adsorption data show five or six times more boron in the surface than can be expected from chemical analysis of the porous glass. It is suggested that the excess of boron in the surface occurs during the leaching of the base glass.
Timing of methanol supply and demand: Implications for alternative transportation fuel policies

The use of methanol as a transportation fuel may help the United States substantially reduce oil imports. However, significant reductions in U.S. oil imports will require that the current world methanol industry be much larger than it now is. This paper examines potential expansion rates of the world methanol industry. These expansion rates are used to determine the potential underutilization of flexible fuel vehicles caused by limitations on methanol supply. Depending on the specific comparison, methanol supply can be a constraint in the earlier years of methanol's use which limits the ability of the United States to substitute large volumes of oil with methanol.
Hall effect and magnetoresistivity in the ternary molybdenum sulfides

Abstract We have measured the Hall coefficient and magnetoresistance of sputtered films of CuXMo6S8 and PbMo6S8, as well as the magnetoresistance in sintered samples of the same materials. Assuming a single band model, net carrier densities and mean mobilities are determined.
An Update of U.S. Temperature Trends

Abstract This note updates the temperature trend study of the contiguous 48 United States by Lund et al. for data observed during the 4-yr period 1997–2000. A parsimonious changepoint parameterization is now used, and the methods for handling missing data are improved. The number of stations with useable data has now increased from 359 to 969, thereby improving the accuracy of the reported spatial patterns in the trends. The average record length of the 969 stations is now 103 yr, with the longest record starting in 1812 and the shortest in 1926. The methodological improvements and additional 4 yr of data produce slightly smaller trend estimate standard errors. Warming is found in the Northeast, West, and northern Midwest, with slight cooling in the Southeast; overall, the trends here suggest more warming than those of the Lund et al. study.
Feature extraction for x-ray diffraction-based explosive detection using the neural tree network

Detection of explosive materials from X-ray diffraction spectra makes use of the fact that different crystalline materials exhibit characteristic diffraction patterns composed of peaks at different energy locations. The position of the peaks in the spectra are (ideally) invariant for a given material, as are the relative heights of the peak, though to a lesser degree. However, the presence of absorbing materials may alter the measured heights of the peaks, or even eliminate certain peaks altogether. Furthermore, lower signal-to-noise ratios in the spectra, due to short exposure/scanning times, lead to further distortion of the spectra. In this paper we present a feature set which offers some degree of robustness in the presence of such distortions.© (1994) COPYRIGHT SPIE--The International Society for Optical Engineering. Downloading of the abstract is permitted for personal use only.
NF-κB Activation: The IκB Kinase Revealed?

More than a decade ago, the transcriptional activator NF-κB was described as a protein that bound to a specific DNA site in the intronic enhancer of the immunoglobulin κ light chain gene (Sen and Baltimore 1986). Following the cloning of genes encoding the p50 and p65 subunits of NF-κB, it became evident that both subunits are members of the larger NF-κB/Rel family of transcriptional regulator proteins. Since its initial description, our view of the role of NF-κB in immune and inflammatory responses has broadened significantly (for reviews, see 1, 2).
Active Transportation to and on Campus is Associated With Objectively Measured Fitness Outcomes Among College Students

BACKGROUND: Active transportation (AT) has been associated with positive health outcomes, yet limited research has addressed this with college students, a population at-risk for inactivity. The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between AT behavior and objectively measured fitness outcomes. METHODS: A volunteer, convenience sample (n=299) of college students from a large northeastern university completed a survey about their AT habits to and on campus and psychosocial constructs related to AT and participated in a lab-based fitness assessment (cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength and endurance, flexibility, body composition).Off-campus students were dichotomized as non-active (0-1 AT trips/day) or active travelers (>1AT trips/day) to campus. T-tests compared non-active and active travelers for psychosocial and fitness variables. RESULTS: Students were 56.3% male, 79.2% Non-Hispanic White and primarily living off-campus (87%). Most students (n=177, 59.2%) reported active travel between classes. Off-campus students were primarily active travelers (76.1%). Active travelers to campus had greater cardiovascular fitness (p=0.005), were more flexible (p=0.006) and had lower systolic blood pressure (p=0.05) compared with non-active travelers. CONCLUSION: This study documents a relationship between AT behavior and objectively measured fitness among college students and provides a rationale for targeting this behavior as a method for improving health outcomes. Language: en
Quantitative Determinations of Two Decongestants and an Antihistamine in Combination Using Paired Ion High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography

A single method for the quantitative determinations of three active ingredients, phenylephrine hydrochloride, phenylpropanolamine hydrochloride, and brompheniramine maleate, and one inactive ingredient (sodium benzoate) in a commercial product for colds is reported. The method is based on paired ion high-pressure liquid chromatography using 1-heptanesulfonic acid as the counterion. It is accurate and precise. The relative standard deviations based on six readings are reported. This method is sensitive; less than 1 μg of each ingredient can be assayed. The peak area of each ingredient is related to its concentration.
Racial profiling as dressage: a social control regime!

Racial profiling is a unique regime of social control specifically due to its reinvention of blackness as a signifier to criminality. The author argues that the ‘new black’ (or new non‐white) is reconstructed under this regime when previous regimes did not necessarily criminalize whole groups. This study employs panopticism, and its critique by Foucault, to argue that racial profiling as dressage aims to increase the visibility of black people – control minorities. Its different practices (like Driving While Black) aim to normalize, assimilate, and rehabilitate everyone to one centre. It is done by means of penetrating the consciousness through continuous surveillance, thereby making the black individual an obedient citizen. The article argues also that the expression of social control in the racial profiling regime is spatial too. This means that space is classified so that some activities are criminal only if they occur in the ghetto, or at the borders of white neighbourhoods. Racial profiling serves as...
The versatile U-slot patch antenna

U-slot microstrip patch antennas were originally developed for bandwidth broadening applications. Recently, it was found that the U-slot technique can also enable the patch antenna to perform other functions, including: dual-band and tri-band operations, as well as for circular polarization applications. The versatility of U-slot patch antennas will be discussed in this paper.
Optimization of functions with many minima

A numerical method for finding the global minimum of nonconvex functions is presented. The method is based on the principles of simulated annealing, but handles continuously valued variables in a natural way. The method is completely general, and optimizes functions of up to 30 variables. Several examples are presented. A general-purpose program, INTEROPT, is described, which finds the minimum of arbitrary functions, with user-friendly, quasi-natural-language input. >
INTERNATIONAL ERGONOMICS ASSOCIATION Ergonomics International News and Information—August 1987

(1987). INTERNATIONAL ERGONOMICS ASSOCIATION Ergonomics International News and Information—August 1987. Ergonomics: Vol. 30, No. 8, pp. 1205-1217.
Speech enhancement by perceptual filter with sequential noise parameter estimation

We report work on speech enhancement that combines sequential noise estimation and perceptual filtering. The sequential estimation employs an extension of the sequential EM-type algorithm. In the algorithm, statistics of clean speech are modeled by hidden Markov models (HMM) and noise is assumed to be Gaussian distributed with a time-varying mean vector (the noise parameter) to be estimated. The estimation process uses a non-linear function that relates speech statistics, noise, and noisy observation. With the estimated noise parameter, the subtraction-type algorithm for speech enhancement may be extended to non-stationary environments. In particular, a perceptual filter with frequency masking is constructed with a tradeoff between noise reduction and speech distortion considering the sensitivity of speech recognition systems to speech distortion. Our experiments in speech enhancement and speech recognition in non-stationary noise confirmed that this approach seems promising in improving performances compared to alternative speech enhancement algorithms.
Designing a patient-centered user interface for access decisions about EHR data: implications from patient interviews

BACKGROUND Electronic health records change the landscape of patient data sharing and privacy by increasing the amount of information collected and stored and the number of potential recipients. Patients desire granular control over who receives what information in their electronic health record (EHR), but there are no current patient interfaces that allow them to record their preferences for EHR access.
Interturn Fault Diagnosis in Induction Motors Using the Pendulous Oscillation Phenomenon

A robust interturn fault diagnostic approach based on the concept of magnetic field pendulous oscillation, which occurs in induction motors under faulty conditions, is introduced in this paper. This approach enables one to distinguish and classify an unbalanced voltage power supply and machine manufacturing/construction imperfections from an interturn fault. The experimental results for the two case studies of a set of 5-hp and 2-hp induction motors verify the validity of the proposed approach. Moreover, it can be concluded from the experimental results that if the circulating current level in the shorted loop increases beyond the phase current level, an interturn fault can be easily detected using the proposed approach even in the presence of the existence of motor manufacturing imperfection effects
Risk factors for post-operative mortality in bariatric surgery.

Background Appropriate patient selection is crucial to the success of bariatric surgery (BaS). The objective of this study was to identify risk factors for increased post-operative mortality in patients undergoing BaS using a nationally representative sample. Materials and methods BaS patients ≥18 years old in the United States were identified from the 2001 Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS). The effect of gender, age, insurance status, and need for re-operation on post-operative mortality was examined using a multivariate logistic regression model. Results A national cohort of 54,878 patients was identified with age 41 ± 0.2 years (mean ± SE), 84% women, length of stay (LOS) 3.9 ± 0.2 days, and overall mortality of 4 per 1,000 BaS patients. Mean LOS of those who died was 17.6 ± 3.7 days. Adjusting for comorbidities and demographics, men had increased likelihood of death [odds ratio (OR) 2.1, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.1–4.3, P P P P P Conclusion Based on national data, risk factors for increased post-operative mortality in BaS patients include male gender, age >39 years, Medicaid insured, and need for re-operation. These data can assist in optimizing BaS patient outcomes.