cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Research in Child Abuse and Neglect

It is common to decry the relative paucity of empirical research in newly emerging fields, and the area of child maltreatment is no exception. Yet, during the past decade, we have seen an explosion of investigative activity that has thrust research in child abuse and neglect to higher levels of understanding and sophistication. Indeed, the growth in knowledge has been so extensive that recent endeavors have brought the field to something of a watershed. Therefore, it is timely to assess the gains that have been achieved and review the changes in investigative practices and theoretical formulations that have thus far characterized the field. From a research perspective, a transition has occurred from unidimensional design approaches to multivariate strategies (e.g., Gaines, Sandgrund, Green, & Power, 1978) that more adequately reflect the complex nature of child maltreatment. Similarly, current theoretical views reject single-factor explanations of maltreatment in favor of more intricate models describing the reciprocal interplay between causative variables in the development and maintenance of abuse and neglect (e.g., Starr, 1988; Wolfe, 1987). Although this shift in focus of attention from simplistic conceptualizations to complicated multicomponent models began in the late 1970s (Belsky, 1980) it is now almost universally acknowledged (Starr, 1988).
Private Information, Self-Serving Biases, and Optimal Settlement Mechanisms: Theory and Evidence

The law and economics literature on suit and settlement has tended to focus on two alternative conceptual models.
METABOLISM OF MANNITOL BY COCCIDIOIDES IMMITIS

Lones, George W. (National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, U.S. Public Health Service, Bethesda, Md.), and Carl Peacock. Metabolism of mannitol by Coccidioides immitis. J. Bacteriol. 87:1114-1117. 1964.-Strain M-11 of Coccidioides immitis was found to utilize mannitol for growth in the mycelial form but not in the spherule form. Cell-free extracts of both forms, grown on glucose, were capable of reducing nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide with mannitol-1-PO(4) but not with mannitol. The extracts accomplished a rapid oxidation of reduced nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide by fructose-6-PO(4), the expected product of mannitol-1-PO(4) oxidation. Fructose was inactive. Paper electrophoresis and chromatography with several solvent systems demonstrated a substance in extracts of both mycelium and spherules having a migration consistent with that of mannitol.
ACUTE POLIOMYELITIS IN INFANTS UNDER ONE YEAR OF AGE: EPIDEMIOLOGICAL AND CLINICAL FEATURES

In order to compare the epidemiological and clinical features of poliomyelitis in infants under 1 year with those in children and adults, a study was made of all cases of poliomyelitis that occurred in New York City in 1949 and 1950. This revealed the following characteristics of the disease among infants in the first year of life: Clinically recognizable poliomyelitis was of infrequent occurrence among infants under 1 year of age. It was even more infrequent among infants in the first 6 months of life. This is in marked contrast to the findings in the 1950 epidemic in Israel, where one-third of all cases occurred in the first year of life, and one-tenth in infants in the first half year of life. Male infants exhibited a greater susceptibility to the disease than females. Fatalities in this age group were high, particularly among infants under 3 months, with some predominance of deaths in males. Under 1 year of age, non-paralytic poliomyelitis was unusual, especially in the first 6 months of life. Paralytic forms of the disorder were dominant, spinal involvement being more common than bulbar. Case fatality occurred chiefly in bulbar forms of the disease, as in older children and adults. The fatality rate was higher than in older children and higher than in all ages combined. The onset of poliomyelitis among infants under 1 year of age was variable. It was acute, with fever, or fever with nuchal spasm, or the triad of fever, nuchal spasm and spasm of back muscles. Temperature at onset of illness averaged 98.3°F.(36.8°C.), with a low of 97.6°F.(36.3°C.), and a high of 102°F.(38.8°C.). Temperatures recorded subsequently during the day of onset of illness were from 99.9°F. (37.7°C.) to 105°F.(40.5°C.), the mean being 102.8°F. (39.3°C.). The interval between onset of illness and first detection of paralysis averaged 5.5 days, with a spread from the day of onset to 25 days later. Paralysis of a single limb occurred more frequently than of 2 or more limbs, and the ratio of arm to leg paralysis was about 1 to 3. Initial spinal punctures in infants under 1 year were made on an average of 3.4 days after onset of illness in non-paralytic cases, and 5.7 days in paralytic cases. The spinal fluid was usually clear, with a mean count of 91 lymphocytes/mm. . The average sugar content was 55 mg./and protein 72 mg./100 ml. of fluid.
Regional studies of catecholamines in the rat brain—III:: Subcellullar distribution of endogenous and exogenous catecholamines in various brain regions

Abstract The subcellular distribution of 3 H-dopa, 3 H-dopamine, and 3 H-norepinephrine in various regions of the rat brain was examined after the injection of labeled norepinephrine or its precursors into the lateral ventricle. After the injection of 3 H-norepinephrine there were differences in the distribution of the labeled catecholamine between particulate and supernatant fractions among the various brain regions. These differences in the subcellular distribution of 3 H-norepinephrine correlated with similar differences in the subcellular distribution of endogenous norepinephrine among the regions-the cerebellum having the lowest particulate/supernatant (P/S) ratio for both endogenous and exogenous norepinephrine and the hypothalamus having the highest P/S ratio. In the cerebellum, cortex, hypothalamus, and medulla oblongata, the P/S ratio for 3 H-norepinephrine 4 hr after injection was lower than the P/S ratio for endogenous norepinephrine. The P/S ratio for 3 H-norepinephrine increased significantly between 1 and 4 hr after injection in the medulla oblongata but was unchanged in the cerebellum and hypothalamus. Similar regional differences in the subcellular distribution of labeled dopamine and norepinephrine were observed after the injection of 3 H-dopamine. In the striatum, endogenous dopamine was predominantly recovered in the supernatant fraction, but exogenous 3 H-dopamine or 3 H-norepinephrine was found mainly in the particulate fraction. After the injection of 3 H-norepinephrine, the labeled amine was localized in a synaptosomal layer, after density gradient centrifugation, in both striatum and hypothalamus. After the injection of 3 H-dopa, the labeled amino acid and synthesized dopamine and norepinephrine were also recovered in synaptosomal fractions after density gradient centrifugation of striatum or hypothalamus homogenates.
Very short range local area weather forecasting using measurements from geosynchronous meteorological satellites

Quantitative radiance measurements from NASA's ATS-3 geosynchronous satellite have been used to develop and test a statistical forecst method to predict air terminal weather over the very short range (0–6 hours) time period. Results from more than 800 hourly weather situations at a wide range of U. S. weather stations show that the parameters of ceiling and total opaque cloud cover can be specified or predicted with skill, exceeding peristence forecasts for time periods greater than two hours. Statistical predictions based on satellite data alone are much better than those based on some 500mb upper air parameters tested. The potential global applications of the satellite data-based forecasts can apparently be improved by the use of certain criteria, such as region of interest, in developing and applying the multiple regression equation. Considering the present status of objective short range weather forecasting, these first results using geosynchronous satellite data demonstrate a new potential for improved forecasts at this scale.
NIH Molecular Libraries Initiative.

The Molecular Libraries Initiative (MLI) of the NIH Roadmap for Medical Research is a bold set of programs to facilitate the use of small molecules in the public sector and expand the reach of small-molecule technologies to define gene, cell, and organism function in health and disease. The initiative described in this Policy Forum has three components: the Molecular Libraries Screening Centers Network; cheminformatics initiatives including a new public compound database (PubChem); and technology development initiatives in chemical diversity, cheminformatics, assay development, screening instrumentation, and predictive ADMET. All research tools and results will be made publicly available without encumbrance. The small-molecule tools and technologies produced by the MLI will accelerate gene function determination, target validation, and downstream drug development.
Asynchronous 3D free lagrange code

FLIT3D is a Free Lagrange code developed for three dimensional fluid flow and radiation transport on massively parallel computers. The acronym FLIT3D stands for Free Lagrange Independent Timesteps in 3 Dimensions. The basic ideas are developed from those covered in the previous conference [1]. The code has been designed from the start for concurrent execution and uses only local operations to achieve node updates and reconnections. This somewhat unusual orientation means that many new algorithms were needed.
Parametric LP Analysis

Parametric linear programming is the study of how optimal properties depend on data parametrizations. The study is nearly as old as the field of linear programming itself, and it highlights how a problem depends on its data. We present a modern perspective on the classical analysis of the objective value's response to parametrizations in the right-hand side and/or the cost vector. We also mention a few applications and provide citations for further study. Keywords: parametric linear programming; primal optimal; dual optimal; linearity interval; interior-point method
Miłosz w dialogu z literackim centrum świata

In 1986 Bernard Pivot, a French journalist and literary critic, conducted an interview with Milosz in the television feature called Apostrophes. The conversation was an archetypal example of an encounter between a representative of the “literary centre” and an envoy from what Pascale Casanova later called “une petite litterature”. The present article discusses Milosz’s contradictory relations with France as a centre of “world’s republic of letters”, against the background of his difficult dialogue with Pivot, and the wider context of Casanova’s theory of inequalities in the literary world. On the one hand, Milosz felt wiser than French litterateurs, and frequently pointed out to their political naiveness and ignorance of history and the cruel reality of the world. On the other hand, however, Milosz’s sense of superiority over Western culture was always dialectically linked to the other side of the coin: the rage of a provincial poet at the headquarters of the cultural and economical power.
Landscape With Boys

They came down through the sloping backyards, Henry, his brothers Jack and little Frankie, and his best friend Joey, climbing the cyclone fence at the Tylers', slipping through the slot where a plank had fallen from the Grutzmachers' board fence, and then cutting through the vacant lot behind the Eckleses' house, where they saw two blue jays and a cardinal, and where Joey knocked a squirrel off a telephone wire with a rock in only four throws. Reddish and silvery, the furred body lay still on the mossy ground, its head disturbingly ratlike up close; then abruptly it quivered, shook itself, and bounced away. The boys crossed Delaware, cautiously took the path through the woods next to the Weird Sisters' house, descended the embankment, crossed the brook, and climbed to a narrow stand of peeling birch trees and low mulberry bushes. There they huddled in back of a huge white marble 169 platform and carved marble open book they called the Bible Stone. They had come here almost every day of the summer; now, on a Saturday two weeks after school had started, the air minty with the first cool of autumn, the cemetery lay before them once again, the spreading lawns glistening in the morning light, and a fine white mist floating on the black water of the duck pond. Henry and Jack each carried half of an old, two-parter Army backpack of heavy canvas their father had given them; Joey had a newer, lighter pack from a surplus store; Frankie wore a tooled leather gun belt with a chromeplated cap pistol in the holster. The pistol had white plastic handgrips made to look like horn or bone.
The nucleotide sequence of the polypeptide IX gene of human adenovirus type 3.

Abstract The nucleotide sequence of the DNA segment encompassing the polypeptide IX gene of class B human adeno-virus serotype 3 (Ad3) has been determined using cloned restriction fragments. There is only a single, open translational reading frame capable of specifying a protein of 138 amino acids, comparable to the Mr 12000–13000 of protein IX detected in virions (Wadell, 1980). The corresponding region of a closely related class B virus, Ad7, is virtually identical (Dijkema et al., 1981), but the comparable segments of class C viruses Ad2 or Ad5 are much less homologous (Alestrom et al., 1980; Maat et al., 1980). There are 150 single bp changes and 19 deletion-insertions, at least one frameshift, together affecting 210 nucleotides within the 455 bp comparison positions of the protein-coding regions of Ad2 (423 bp) and Ad3 (417 bp). Each of the 19 deletion-insertions involves an integral multiple of 3 bp in phase with the open translation frame. There is no “TATA” promoter box in Ad3 DNA at the position comparable to that of Ad2. The deduced protein sequences near the amino-terminus are extensively conserved between the two classes of viruses, but the carboxy-terminal portion and the nucleotide sequences flanking the gene are much more diverged. In both classes, these N- and C-terminal regions of the inferred proteins are linked by an alanine-rich chain, an arrangement suggestive of two functional domains.
Ocular Gonococcal Infection With Minimal or No Inflammatory Response

THE SEVERITY and complications of ocular gonococcal infection are well recognized. The incubation period in neonates is one to three days, with the appearance of a profuse purulent conjunctival discharge accompanied by marked edema and hyperemia of the eyelids1by five days after exposure. Cases with incubation periods up to 19 days have been reported after inoculation of the eye with urine contaminated by gonococci, but a marked exudative response occurred with the onset of symptoms.2Rapid diagnosis and treatment are thought essential to prevent serious ocular damage. The conjunctival inflammatory reaction may be complicated by extension and penetration into the corneal epithelium. Corneal involvement has been regarded as a common feature of untreated cases. There has been increasing evidence thatNeisseria gonorrhoeaemay colonize the genital tract, anal canal, and oropharynx without producing symptoms or signs of inflammation. However, ocular gonococcal infection or colonization with minimal or
Pierce's disease of grapevines: isolation of the causal bacterium.

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium has been consistently isolated from grapevines with Pierce9s disease. Grapevines inoculated with the bacterium developed Pierce9s disease, and the bacterium was reisolated from the plants. The bacterium was serologically and ultrastructurally indistinguishable from the one in naturally infected plants, and also indistinguishable from a bacterium isolated from almonds with almond leaf scorch disease.
Retinoic acid induced myelomeningocele in fetal rats: characterization by histopathological analysis and magnetic resonance imaging.

Abstract The prevention of human neural tube defects by folic acid administration and the potential for fetal surgical intervention for myelomeningocele (MMC) have renewed interest in the molecular pathways and pathophysiology of spina bifida. Animal models for assessment of the early developmental biology and pathophysiology of this lesion are needed. The goal of this study was to develop and characterize a non-surgical rat model of MMC. Time-dated Sprague–Dawley rats were gavage fed different doses of retinoic acid (RA) dissolved in olive oil at E10 (maternal n = 55, fetal n = 505). Control animals received olive oil alone (maternal n = 20, fetal n = 265) or were untreated (maternal n = 5, fetal n = 63). Fetuses were analyzed by detailed histopathology and MRI. Overall, isolated MMC occurred in 60.7% (307/505) of RA-exposed fetuses and no controls. Histopathology confirmed the entire spectrum of severity observed in human MMC, ranging from exposure of the cord with intact neural elements to complete cord destruction. MRI of the brain of MMC fetuses confirmed structural changes similar to humans with Arnold–Chiari malformation, including downward displacement of the cerebellum to just above the foramen magnum and compression of the developing medulla into a small posterior fossa. In conclusion, the RA-induced rat model of MMC is developmentally and anatomically analogous to human MMC. This relatively efficient and cost-effective model of MMC should facilitate investigation of the developmental biology and pathophysiology of MMC, and may be useful for the evaluation of further strategies for prenatal treatment.
A cytosolic pathway for MHC class II–restricted antigen processing that is proteasome and TAP dependent

By convention, presentation of major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted epitopes involves processing by cytosolic proteasomes, whereas MHC class II-restricted epitopes are generated by endosomal proteases. Here, we show that two MHC class II-restricted epitopes within influenza virus were generated by a proteasome- and TAP-dependent pathway that was accessed by exogenous virus in dendritic cells (DCs) but not cell types with less permeable endosomes. Both epitopes were presented by recycling MHC class II molecules. Challenging mice with influenza or vaccinia viruses demonstrated that a substantial portion of the MHC class II-restricted response was directed against proteasome-dependent epitopes. By complementing endosomal activities, this pathway broadens the array of MHC class II-restricted epitopes available for CD4(+) T cell activation.
Information Encountering: It's More Than Just Bumping into Information

Les decouvertes d'information se font souvent au hasard des recherches, involontairement. Tout le monde a fait cette experience de la rencontre opportune avec des sources d'informations inesperees et inattendues. Cependant, les sciences de l'information font peu de cas de l'acquisition de ces connaissances recoltees accidentellement. Cette etude pose le probleme de la methodologie dans l'acte de la recherche, ce qui est etudie et analyse dans cet article.
Opacity distribution functions and absorption in Schumann-Runge bands of molecular oxygen

Abstract Absorption cross sections have been calculated for molecular oxygen as a function of wavelength over the domain λ = 1750–2050 A for temperatures between 190 and 400°K. The spectrum has been divided into 19 wavelength intervals and opacity distribution functions have been constructed for each interval. Atmospheric photodissociation rates of O2, O3, CO2, H2O, H2O2, NO2 and HNO3 are presented.
Through the Looking Glass: Making Sense of APN Billing (P18)

designed to allow the participant to view a complaint of pain with a fresh eye. We will discuss the pathogenesis of pain, patient complaints, and physical findings associated with various painful syndromes and how these findings drive drugtherapy decision-making. Part of this assessment is consideration of cultural differences among patients, both physiologic and psychosocial. Participants will learn to critically select among therapeutic categories of analgesics, and select dose and monitor specific analgesics to optimize patient outcomes. Public policy implications regarding analgesic use will also be discussed, particularly the ramifications for end-of-life care.
Congenital vascular malformations: when and how to treat them.

Congenital vascular malformations may involve arterial, venous, and lymphatic structures, can present in a variety of forms, and present many diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Two-thirds of all congenital vascular malformations are predominantly venous, and their management will be emphasized in this article, because of the focus of this issue. The majority of the venous malformations are asymptomatic and should be treated conservatively. However, the clinical presentation of venous malformations associated with lymphatic anomalies is variable, and management may be more challenging. The diagnosis and management of arteriovenous malformations is straightforward. Selective catheter-directed embolization of the feeding arteries, occasionally followed by tumor excision, is the treatment of choice. Hemangiomas often will grow rapidly and then begin to regress. When they produce troublesome symptoms and are well localized, they should be excised. Deeply seated or diffuse malformations require a complete diagnostic evaluation to select the most appropriate time and type of intervention. Both our own experience and that of others can provided some basis for therapeutic recommendations in treating the different vascular malformations.
Security and Privacy Risks of Using E-mail Address as an Identity

More and more websites are allowing or requiring users to input their e-mail addresses to be used either as identities or for other purposes. Although username-based identity and password problems resulting from user behaviors have been a research focus for quite some time, the serious issues related to using e-mail address as an identity and the associated online behaviors of users have not been well investigated in the literature. In this paper, we discuss and analyze security and privacy problems resulting from the use of e-mail address as identity via well-designed user behavior survey and by investigating website’s design schemes. Our results illustrate that using e-mail address as an identity poses high security and privacy risks. This is mainly because of the multiple usages of e-mail addresses and users’ improper online habits. Moreover, we discuss the drawbacks of existing solutions for e-mail address as identity and related password problems, and present two potential solutions that may secure online identity management systems in future.
Adult disclosure of a history of childhood sexual abuse: implications for behavioral psychotherapy.

This article presents a behavioral conceptualization of the difficulties associated with adult disclosure in psychotherapy of a history of childhood sexual abuse. Using a contemporary behavioral perspective and a functional analysis of various clinical presentations, we examine the factors that may contribute to nondisclosure of a history of abuse. Traumagenic dynamics are used to frame a discussion of childhood factors that may further influence disclosure of abuse. The construct of stigma is linked to aspects of experiential avoidance, which is considered to be a core mediator of the difficulties associated with a history of abuse. Acceptance and commitment therapy and functional analytic psychotherapy, 2 “third-wave” behavioral treatments, are presented generally with specific discussions of these therapies as they relate to the issue of disclosure. Important therapist factors as well as implications for future investigations are presented.
THE CRYSTAL AND MOLECULAR STRUCTURE OF THE 1:1 COMPLEX FORMED BETWEEN 4-PHENYLPYRIDINE-1-OXIDE AND COPPER(II) CHLORIDE

Abstract The crystal structure of the binuclear complex formed between 4-phenylpyridine-1-oxide and copper(II) chloride has been determined. Single crystal X-ray counter methods were used to collect 3648 non-zero reflections. The complex crystallizes in the triclinic space group P1 with a unit cell of dimensions a = 10.069(8) A, b = 12.857 (5) A, c = 10.143 (5) A, α = 106°10(5)′, β = 99°45 (5)′, and γ = 97°2 (5)′. The observed and calculated densities are 1.709 and 1.704 g. cm−3, respectively. The structure was refined by least-squares methods to a conventional R factor of 0.058. The complex consists of two independent oxygen-bridged dimers of empirical formulas [(C11H9NO)CuCl2]2 and [(C11H9NO)CuCl2·H2O]2. The Cu(II) ions in one dimer are four-coordinate and contain two bridging Cu[sbnd]O bonds of 1.978 (5) and 1.986(4) A. The Cu(II) ions in the second dimer are five coordinate with a water molecule occupying the apical site of a square-based pyramidal geometry. The Cu[sbnd]O (w) bond is 2.356(7) A and th...
Education and research experience of the autonomous vehicle team of Virginia Tech

The Autonomous Vehicle Team of Virginia Tech is an undergraduate and graduate research and design project in the College of Engineering at Virginia Tech. The goal of the team is self-education and research in the area of autonomous vehicles and navigation system. The team also hopes to achieve the complementary goal of wining the annual unmanned ground robotics competition, which is sponsored by the Association of Unmanned Vehicle Systems International. The competition rules require that the entrants compete in two events. The design competition is an assessment of the vehicle control system architecture, component design and implementation, and overall vehicle design. The dynamic competition requires that the autonomous vehicles circumnavigate an outdoor obstacle course. Vehicle performance is evaluated based on the distance travelled through the course and the ability to avoid obstacles. In order to build effective autonomous vehicles and enrich the interdisciplinary curriculum of the university, the Autonomous Vehicle Team of Virginia Tech is composed of faculty advisors and undergraduate and communications studies. Team members may choose to join more than one of four major technical subgroups of the team and thus gain exposure to technologies they would otherwise not encounter in the conventional curriculum of their respective departments. This paper is an account of the education and research of the interdisciplinary team and the means by which these activities are executed.
Which tree species and biome types are most vulnerable to climate change in the US Northern Rocky Mountains

Abstract The goal of this study was to assess components of vulnerability of tree species and biome types to projected future climate within the Great Northern Landscape Conservation Cooperative (GNLCC) in the US Northern Rockies and the ecosystems surrounding Glacier and Yellowstone/Grand Teton National Parks. We drew on the results of five published studies and analyzed current and projected future climate suitability for 11 tree species and 8 biome types under two IPCC emissions scenarios. We assessed components of vulnerability based on four metrics of current and projected future climate suitability. Results for biome types indicated largely a shift from climates suitable for alpine and subalpine conifer to climates suitable for desert scrub and grassland types. Results from the four studies of tree species indicated substantial loss of area of climate suitability for the four subalpine species by 2100. This was especially true for Whitebark pine (Pinus albicaulis). Suitable climate for this species dropped from just over 20% of the study area in the reference period to 0.5–7.0% by 2070–2100 under the A2 scenario. The studies agreed in projecting expansion of climate suitability for some montane tree species but disagreed on expansion of climate suitability of west-side mesic tree species to eastside locations such as Yellowstone National park. Importantly, the rankings of tree species vulnerability were similar among studies, scenarios, and geographic areas and indicated highest vulnerability for Whitebark pine and Mountain hemlock (Tsuga mertensiana). The results should help federal managers in the GNLCC prioritize tree species for climate adaptation strategies. Moreover, our methods for using published data as a basis for climate vulnerability assessment can be applied within other LCCs across the US and other management units internationally.
On Characterizing Rigid Heat Conductors

Diese kurze Mitteilung charakterisiert isotrope homogene starre Korper, in denen der Warmestrom nur vom Temperaturgradienten abhangt. Der Begriff des kontrollierbaren Zustandes wird dabei nicht benutzt.
Processing Of Guided Wave Optoelectronic Materials

What follows is the edited transcript of a series of open discussions held Tuesday afternoon (4:20 - 6:00 PM) and Wednesday (10:30 AM - 12:00 PM and 5:10 PM -6:30 PM), January 21-22, 1986. Four separate discussions were held: 1. Open Discussion on Electrooptic Ferroelectrics Chairs: Doyle P. Skinner (Battelle) and Richard Becker (Crystal Technology, Inc.) 2. Open Discussion on III-V Semiconductors Chairs: Lynn D. Hutcheson (Honeywell, Inc.) and Robert L. Holman (Battelle) 3. Organic and Polymeric Electrooptics Chair: Gerald R. Meridith (E. I. DuPont de Nemours) 4. Wrap-Up Discussion on Status and Difficultiesin Practical Applications Chairs: Robert L. Holman (Battelle), S. Sriram (Allied-Amphenol) and Richard Becker (Crystal Technology, Inc.)
Photon-gated hole burning: a new mechanism using two-step photoionization.

We have observed photon-gated spectral hole burning, i.e., hole burning that occurs only in the presence of an additional gating-light source. Gating enhancement factors of 10(4) were observed. In BaClF:Sm(2+) this involves two step photoionization of Sm(2+) and leads to persistent holes in the (4)F(0) --> (5)D(0) (687.9-nm) and (7)F(0) --> (5)D(1) (629.7-nm) absorption lines. The hole widths of 25 MHz at 2 K are much narrower than the inhomogeneous broadening of 16 GHz. The action spectrum of the gating shows a threshold behavior around 2.5 eV. Erasing studies show that Sm(3)+ acts as a trap for the released electrons. A remarkable and novel feature is that the holes can be recovered after temperature cycling to 300 K.
Linear Inequalities for Rank 3 Geometric Lattices

The flag Whitney numbers (also referred to as the flag f-numbers) of a geometric lattice count the number of chains of the lattice with elements having specified ranks. We give a collection of inequalities which imply all the linear inequalities satisfied by the flag Whitney numbers of rank 3 geometric lattices. We further describe the smallest closed convex set containing the flag Whitney numbers of rank 3 geometric lattices as well as the smallest closed convex set containing the flag Whitney numbers of those lattices corresponding to oriented matroids.
A comparative study of pregnant teenagers' parenting attitudes and knowledge of sexuality and child development.

A survey was taken to determine pregnant teenagers' knowledge of sexuality and child development and their parenting attitudes relative to comparison groups. The results indicate that the knowledge and attitude base of pregnant teenagers is almost identical to that of never-pregnant teenagers. However, adult mothers scored slightly but significantly higher than the teenagers on a measure of child development knowledge and considerably lower than the teenagers on a measure of knowledge of sexuality. The results illustrate the importance of using comparison groups in studies of pregnant teenagers. The implications for sex education programs are discussed.
Upper extremity amputations after motor vehicle rollovers.

BACKGROUND:: The upper extremity is vulnerable to injury during a rollover motor vehicle crash (MVC). There is some concern that positioning one's arm on a vehicle door/window eliminates the benefit of maintaining containment within a protective structure. Mangled extremities with associated vascular injuries have an amputation rate exceeding 40%. The primary goal was to describe the care process and outcome of patients requiring an emergent upper extremity amputation after a rollover MVC. METHODS:: All patients requiring an upper extremity amputation after a rollover MVC (2000-2008) were included. Patient demographics, injuries, and outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS:: Seventeen patients required an upper extremity amputation after a rollover MVC (mean injury severity score = 23; hemodynamic instability at presentation = 29%). Injuries occurred on the side ipsilateral to the occupant vehicle position in 88% of cases. Most (76%) amputations occurred between May 1 and August 1 of their respective years, with 11 (65%) in the past 24 months. All amputations except one (replantation attempt) were completed within 24 hours. Concurrent operative procedures were performed in six (35%) patients, including three diagnostic peritoneal lavages, two laparotomies (splenectomies), one craniotomy, and one thoracotomy (atrial rupture). Mortality (12%) was a direct result of traumatic brain injuries. Temporary intravascular shunts were used before amputation in four (24%) patients. The majority (65%) of amputations were above the elbow joint. CONCLUSIONS:: Blunt mangled upper extremities requiring completion amputations are most often caused by MVC rollovers. The risk of this injury is strongly associated with summer days and seems to be increasing in frequency. Language: en
Defensive secretion of the pill millipedeGlomeris marginata. I. Fluid production and storage

AdultGlomeris marginata reloaded glandular defensive fluid slowly and fairly constantly at 15 °C for 100 days after being milked to depletion. Female millipedes produced more sticky exudate than males, but the two sexes stored secretion at approximately the same absolute rate, 12 μg/individual/day. Hence, males, which weighed one third as much as females, accumulated disproportionately more secretion. MaleGlomeris in the reloading treatments after 75 days yielded as much exudate as controls, millipedes given 100 days to supplement their field reserves, whereas experimental females always produced less secretion than controls. Projections from these data suggest that adultGlomeris, regardless of sex, require more than 4 months to replenish their defensive reserves after completely discharging them in an attack.
A New Method to Diagnose Left Ventricular Dyssynchrony With Analysis of Heart Wall Thickening From Cardiac CT

Left ventricular (LV) dyssynchrony is a pathological condition in which segments of the myocardial wall contract at different times. This dyssynchrony results in a decreased LV ejection fraction (EF) and an increased level of mitral regurgitation. LV dyssynchrony has been linked to higher rates of morbidity, mortality, and arrhythmic susceptibility in patients with congestive heart failure. Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) with biventricular pacemakers has benefited patients with drug-refractory heart failure and signs of ventricular dyssynchrony. Patients are currently selected for CRT therapy if they have a prolonged QRS complex (> 120 msec) on a surface electrocardiogram as well as an EF of less than 35%. However, recent data suggests that these criteria are insufficient, as 30% of patients do not respond to CRT treatments.Copyright © 2008 by ASME
Intracranial hypotension after intraoperative lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage.

Objective Intraoperative lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage is frequently performed in a variety of neurosurgical procedures. A retrospective review is presented of the complications of lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage. Methods The records from 75 consecutive operations requiring intraoperative lumbar cerebrospinal drainage during a 1-year period at the Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania were reviewed to assess the types of complications attributable to spinal drainage and their rates of occurrence. The operations were categorized into 46 aneurysm clippings, 21 craniotomies for tumors, and 8 other cranial base procedures. Results Two patients developed transient postoperative neurological complications as a result of intracranial hypotension that resolved after epidural blood patching, with a reexploration craniotomy to drain an epidural collection performed in one patient. A third patient in the study developed a persistent deficit when intracranial hypotension led to intraoperative transtentorial herniation, which resulted in an unusual constellation of multiple brainstem infarcts that caused cranial neuropathy. Conclusion Complications of intraoperative lumbar cerebrospinal fluid drainage resulting in transient (2 of 75 patients, 3%) or persistent (1 of 75 patients, 1%) neurological deficits caused by intracranial hypotension occur infrequently and may be related to preexisting conditions such as hydrocephalus.
Analysis of a new method for consistent large-deformation elastic image registration

This paper provides initial analysis of a new consistent, large-deformation elastic image registration (CLEIR) algorithm that jointly estimates a consistent set of forward and reverse transformations between two images. The estimated transformations are able to accommodate large deformations while constraining the forward and reverse transformations to be inverses of one another. The algorithm assumes that the two N-dimensional images to be registered contain topologically similar objects and were collected using the same imaging modality. The image registration problem is formulated in a (N+1)-dimensional space where the additional dimension is referred to as the temporal or time dimension. A periodic-in-time, nonlinear, (N+1)-dimensional transformation is estimated that deforms one image into the shape of the other and back again. Large deformations from one image to the other are accommodated by concatenating the small-deformation incremental transformations from one time instant to the next. An inverse consistency constraint is placed on the incremental transformations to enforce within a specified tolerance that the forward and reverse transformations between the two images are inverses of each other. The feasibility of the algorithm for accommodating nonlinear deformations was demonstrated using 2D synthesized phantom images and CT inner ear images. The effect of varying the number of intermediate templates was studied for these data sets.
Have child maltreatment and child placement rates declined

It is argued that the actual incidence of child maltreatment remains elusive and is, in fact, indeterminate. Factors that might be reflected in variations in child maltreatment rates, other than child harm or endangerment at least partially attributable to caretakers, are explored. But since most children residing in foster care in the United States have been placed there for the alleged reasons of child abuse and neglect, we might expect trends over time in the rate of alleged maltreatment to have some bearing on the out-of-home placement population rate. On the contrary, it is shown that the child placement population rate has risen in recent years, even though the overall child maltreatment rate has not. Based on existing data, the child placement population in the United States is calculated to have been nearly one million children on any given day in 2011, higher than at any point throughout the previous century. Brief comparisons are made with child maltreatment and child placement trends in other countries.
Normal pain sensitivity in patients with panic disorder

The pain sensitivity of 18 patients with panic disorder and age- and sex-matched controls was assessed by signal detection analysis. The authors failed to demonstrate any difference in pain sensitivity between the two groups. The relationship between state anxiety, as assessed by the Spielberger scale, and pain in panic patients tended to be in the opposite direction from that in normals.
Van Der Waals force constants from non-integer oscillator strength sums☆☆☆

Abstract A simple formula involving the oscillator strength sum S(− 3 2 )gives an upper bound for the Van der Waals constant Cab. Modifications of the formula give Cab for all pairs ab of the atoms H, He, NE, Ar, Kr, and Xe, within an error of 0.3% to 12.1%.
Characterization of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) in retail meat.

This study was to understand the extent of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci (MRCoNS) serving as a mecA reservoir in retail meat. MRCoNS were isolated from retail meat (beef, chicken, and turkey) in Detroit and characterized by sodA gene sequencing for species identification, staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec) typing, and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Unique MRCoNS isolates recovered from 25 meat samples were comprised of Staphylococcus sciuri (n = 13), Staphylococcus fleuretti (n = 4), Staphylococcus lentus (n = 3), Staphylococcus epidermidis (n = 2), Staphylococcus vitulinus (n = 1), Staphylococcus saprophyticus (n = 1) and Staphylococcus pasteuri (n = 1). Heterogeneous and composite SCCmec types, including I, III, IV, V, I + V and III + V were identified in 16 isolates. Same SCCmec types were recovered in different staphylococcal species and meat sources. Indistinguishable PFGE patterns were also observed in S. sciuri isolated from beef, chicken, and turkey, and with different SCCmec types. In conclusion, multiple CoNS species can serve as reservoirs for mecA. In addition to the clonal transmission of MRCoNS in meat, horizontal occurrence of SCCmec is observed in staphylococcal species.
Comparing Harms: Headaches and Human Lives

Evaluation de l'argumentation en faveur de la vie des gens souffrant de maux de tetes, impliquant la mort d'une personne innocente, et de l'argumentation contraire n'autorisant aucune mort prematuree, du point de vue du consequentialisme et de la deontologie. Definissant les criteres de la comparabilite et de la permissibilite, d'une part, et le principe de l'intransitivite du mieux, d'autre part, l'A. mesure le role de l'indetermination et de la super-indetermination, de la distinction entre tuer et laisser mourir, et de la distinction entre l'intention et la prevision, dans le cas des maux de tetes et celui de la convenance
Health-related quality of life in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and CKD stages 1-4: a cross-sectional study.

Background In people with early autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD), average total kidney volume (TKV) is 3 times normal and increases by an average of 5% per year despite a seemingly normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR). We hypothesized that increased TKV would be a source of morbidity and diminished quality of life that would be worse in patients with more advanced disease. Study Design Cross-sectional. Setting & Participants 1,043 patients with ADPKD, hypertension, and a baseline estimated GFR (eGFR)> 20mL/min/1.73m 2 . Predictors (1) eGFR, (2) height-adjusted TKV (htTKV) in patients with eGFR> 60mL/min/1.73m 2 . Outcomes 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) and the Wisconsin Brief Pain Survey. Measurements Questionnaires were self-administered. GFR was estimated from serum creatinine using the CKD-EPI (Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboration) equation. htTKV was measured by magnetic resonance imaging. Results Back pain was reported by 50% of patients, and 20% experienced it "often, usually, or always." In patients with early disease (eGFR> 60mL/min/1.73m 2 ), there was no association between pain and htTKV, except in patients with large kidneys (htTKV> 1,000mL/m). Comparing across eGFR levels and including patients with eGFRs 2 , patients with eGFRs of 20-44mL/min/1.73m 2 were significantly more likely to report that pain impacted on their daily lives and had lower SF-36 scores than patients with eGFRs of 45-60 and ≥60mL/min/1.73m 2 . Symptoms relating to abdominal fullness were reported by 20% of patients and were related significantly to lower eGFRs in women, but not men. Limitations TKV and liver volume were not measured in patients with eGFR 2 . The number of patients with eGFRs 2 is small. Causal inferences are limited by cross-sectional design. Conclusions Pain is a common early symptom in the course of ADPKD, although it is not related to kidney size in early disease (eGFR> 60mL/min/1.73m 2 ), except in individuals with large kidneys (htTKV> 1,000 mL/m). Symptoms relating to abdominal fullness and pain are greater in patients with more advanced (eGFR, 20-45mL/min/1.73m 2 ) disease and may be due to organ enlargement, especially in women. More research about the role of TKV in quality of life and outcomes of patients with ADPKD is warranted.
Achievement orientation and the impostor phenomenon among college students.

Abstract The impostor phenomenon is an intense feeling of intellectual inauthenticity experienced by many high-achieving individuals (Clance, 1985). The present study investigated the relationships between the impostor phenomenon and (a) family achievement orientation and (b) achievement-related behaviors. Subjects were 127 undergraduates (75 female, 52 males). Subjects reported high school grade point average (GPA) and number of hours spent on academic endeavors. They then completed the Family Environment Scale (Moos & Moos, 1986) and Clance′s IP Scale (1985). As predicted, greater family achievement orientation was associated with higher levels of the impostor phenomenon. Higher levels of the impostor phenomenon were associated with higher GPA and more time spent on academic endeavors for females, but not for males. Future research on family achievement orientation and possible gender differences associated with this phenomenon is indicated.
A new comparison of the current index to journals in education and the education index: A deep analysis of indexing

This article compares Current Index to Journals in Education with Education Index by article type and reveals pronounced differences in indexing practices. Implications for educational and interdisciplinary research, reference services, index selection, and library instruction are discussed.
Transport processes in heavy-fermion superconductors.

We show that in anisotropic superconductors in which impurity scattering is the dominant relaxation process at low temperatures, the viscosity and ultrasonic attenuation in the hydrodynamic regime, when calculated in the Born approximation, tend to constant values while the thermal conductivity, \ensuremath{\kappa}, varies as T. These results are in conflict with experiment. We show that if multiple-scattering effects are taken into account, the ultrasonic attenuation and \ensuremath{\kappa}/T fall with decreasing temperature.
The effect of taurine on cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum.

Abstract A recent communication reported that the rate of calcium uptake by sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) isolated from rat skeletal muscle could be increased by the isolation of the SR in 15 mM taurine, and that exposure of the SR to taurine throughout the isolation procedure resulted in an increased yield of SR. Because of these results in rat skeletal muscle SR studies were carried out on dog myocardial SR. Sarcoplasmic reticulum isolated from adult dog cardiac muscle was not affected by taurine in concentrations as high as 15 millimolar. The addition of taurine to isolation media did not affect calcium transport, ATPase, binding, or release. Sarcoplasmic reticulum fragments were stored and re-examined over a period of a week without appreciable difference in stability of activity between those isolated in the presence of taurine and the control group. This lack of effect suggests that the role of taurine in cardiac muscle metabolism is not likely to be found in regulation of the sarcoplasmic reticulum.
Remitted depression moderates self-injurious behavior in personality-disordered research volunteers

The moderating effects of depression on self-injurious behavior among personality-disordered individuals (N=40) were examined. Self-injurious behavior (SIB) was assessed using a well-validated laboratory measure. Remitted depression was associated with greater sensitivity to self-aggressive cues, indicating that remitted depression may be a risk factor for SIB.