cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Factors that Leading to Difficulty of Blood Pressure Control:Identifying and Treotnents Based on Syndrome Differentiation

Insomnia,constipation,feeling fluctuating,exercise,pain and medicine can induce the difficulty of blood pressure control,and they are the frequent factors that lead to difficulty of blood pressure control.The Traditional Chinese Medicine's ascendancy of blood pressure control is to eliminate the factors,even though there are a good deal of singal medicinal herbs and complex prescriptions have the direct effect to cut down blood pressure.This article have explained how the Traditional Chinese Medicine identify the factors that lead to difficulty of blood pressure control and the treatments based on syndrome differentiation.
EEG in Active and Inactive Neurocysticercosis

The interictal EEG of 50 epileptic patients, aged 5 to 61 years (mean, 24), with parenchymal neurocysticercosis was analyzed at Charles R Drew University, Los Angeles, CA.
Electrodialytic Capillary Suppressor for Open Tubular Ion Chromatography.

We describe an electrodialytic capillary suppressor for suppressed conductometric open tubular ion chromatography (SC-OTIC). For practical eluent concentrations, suppressor active lengths less than ∼1 mm are adequate. In its preferred embodiment, the suppressor consists of a solid polymer ion exchanger block. Two 0.45-mm-diameter parallel cylindrical passages are provided: these provide for passage of regenerant water and placement of platinum wire electrodes. The suppression channel is made by making a crack in the soft polymer block, using a needle 0.3 mm in diameter. The suppression channel runs parallel to and is flanked by the two aforementioned electrode channels through which water is pumped. The suppressor ends of the separation and the detection capillaries are tapered. The tapered ends of the capillaries are inserted into the suppression channel with the tips 0.4–1.1 mm apart. Using a suppression length of 1 mm, we were able to suppress 100 mM hydroxide @ 100 nL/min (10 neq/min). With such a sup...
Involvement of the stringent response in regulation of protein degradation in Bacillus subtilis.

Publisher Summary This chapter discusses presents various experiments conducted on Bacillus subtilis and various characteristics of Bacillus subtilis . Bulk protein turnover is substantially reduced during amino acid starvation of relaxed E. coli mutants, as compared to isogenic rel + strains. Certain studies have revealed that the loss of ATCase activity is paralleled exactly by the loss of cross-reactive protein and that the cross-reactive protein is degraded. Evidence that the stringent response regulates the degradation of ATCase in B. subtilis was obtained from a study of the stability of the enzyme in rel + and rel - mutants. The degradation of an enzyme of pyrimidine biosynthesis in starving B. subtilis cells presumably serves the physiological role of committing such cells to synthesis of new nucleic acid solely at the expense of turnover of old nucleic acids. Protein degradation may be regulated by rel -dependent and rel -independent pathways, and the relative contribution of each pathway depends on both the stimulus applied and the particular protein being degraded. Degradation of amidotransferase apparently follows an oxidative inactivation; no preliminary inactivation has been found in the case of ATCase. As oxidized, inactive amidotransferase is physically altered and more susceptible than native enzyme to proteolysis, it is probably subject to degradation by multiple pathways after inactivation.
Memory for relations in the short term and the long term after medial temporal lobe damage

A central idea about the organization of declarative memory and the function of the hippocampus is that the hippocampus provides for the coding of relationships between items. A question arises whether this idea refers to the process of forming long-term memory or whether, as some studies have suggested, memory for relations might depend on the hippocampus even at short retention intervals and even when the task falls within the province of short-term (working) memory. The latter formulation appears to place the operation of relational memory into conflict with the idea that working memory is independent of medial temporal lobe (MTL) structures. In this report, the concepts of relational memory and working memory are discussed in the light of a simple demonstration experiment. Patients with MTL lesions successfully learned and recalled two word pairs when tested directly after learning but failed altogether when tested after a delay. The results do not contradict the idea that the hippocampus has a fundamental role in relational memory. However, there is a need for further elaboration and specification of the idea in order to explain why patients with MTL lesions can establish relational memory in the short term but not in long-term memory. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Basic Preoperative Evaluation and Preoperative Management of the Older Patient

The US population is aging, and older individuals undergo surgery four times more often than the rest of the adult population. It is important for the perioperative physician to understand the physiology of aging and the consequence on perioperative outcomes. This chapter reviews preoperative evaluation for the older patient awaiting surgery and summarizes the current literature to determine the best methods of preoperative optimization to ensure improved perioperative outcomes. Despite being associated with more comorbid conditions, most older patients do well after surgery. Focus on preoperative evaluation is an important part of the perioperative care of this growing segment of the population and is the emphasis of this chapter.
Multi-scale surface roughness model for soil moisture retrieval

The SMOS, and SMAP retrievals are not only influenced by soil moisture, vegetation but also highly sensitive to surface roughness. The current retrieval algorithms use roughness models and parameterization developed at field scale to estimate soil moisture at satellite footprint. These models ignored large scale roughness features due to differences in elevation, concavity etc., observed within the satellite footprint. In this study, it is hypothesized that the satellite observed surface roughness is contributed by micro-roughness (small-scale roughness) and macro-roughness (large-scale roughness), incorporating the scattering features observed at field and satellite scale. The traditional algorithm is used to retrieve soil moisture for SMAPVEX12 (Soil Moisture Active Passive Validation Experiment, 2012), and SMAPVEX15 the field experiments.
MANAGEMENT OF PATIENTS WITH POSITIVE SURGICAL MARGINS FOLLOWING RADICAL PROSTATECTOMY

The increase in diagnosis of patients with prostate cancer is related to a variety of factors, most notably the availability of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The article explores the various stages of prostate cancer and a variety of techniques for clinically staging the disease including digital rectal examination, ultrasonography, computed tomography, and magnetic resonance imaging in relation to positive surgical margins.
Evaluation of coupled machine learning models for drilling optimization

Abstract Drilling optimization can provide significant value to an oil and gas project, especially in a low-price environment. This is generally approached by optimizing the rate of penetration (ROP) of the well, which may not always be the best strategy. Two additional strategies (or models) can be used to optimize a well – torque on bit (TOB) response to reduce vibrations at the bit or mechanical specific energy (MSE) to reduce the energy used by the bit. This paper evaluates these three models for drilling optimization based on several criteria. Models for ROP, TOB and MSE are built using a data-driven approach with the random forests algorithm using drilling operational parameters such as weight-on-bit, flow-rate, rotary speed, and rock strength as inputs. The drilling models are optimized using a meta-heuristic optimization algorithm to compute the ideal drilling operational parameters for drilling ahead of the bit. Machine learning is used to develop these models since these models are coupled which enable calculation of interaction effects. Results show that optimizing the ROP model leads to a 28% improvement in ROP on average, however, this also increases the MSE and the TOB which is undesirable. Optimizing the MSE model results in a (smaller) increase of ROP (20%). This is accompanied by a decrease in MSE (by 15%) and decrease in TOB (by 7%) which may result in longer bit life and additional savings over time. Hypothesis testing has been used to ensure that all simulations conducted in this paper show statistically significant results.
Persuasive Performance Feedback: The Effect of Framing on Self-Efficacy

Self-monitoring technologies have proliferated in recent years as they offer excellent potential for promoting healthy behaviors. Although these technologies have varied ways of providing real-time feedback on a user's current progress, we have a dearth of knowledge of the framing effects on the performance feedback these tools provide. With an aim to create influential, persuasive performance feedback that will nudge people toward healthy behaviors, we conducted an online experiment to investigate the effect of framing on an individual's self-efficacy. We identified 3 different types of framing that can be applicable in presenting performance feedback: (1) the valence of performance (remaining vs. achieved framing), (2) presentation type (text-only vs. text with visual), and (3) data unit (raw vs. percentage). Results show that the achieved framing could lead to an increased perception of individual's performance capabilities. This work provides empirical guidance for creating persuasive performance feedback, thereby helping people designing self-monitoring technologies to promote healthy behaviors.
Prefatory Note, 1982, To Lectures 8, 9, and 10

In scope and in detail these three lectures are rendered obsolete by Fundamentals ofMaxwell’s Kinetic Theory of a Simple Monatomic Gas, Treated as a Branch of Rational Mechanics, New York, Academic Press, 1980, by R. G. MUNCASTER & me. In that treatise all developments of the kinetic theory (restricted as the title indicates) that deserve to be called “exact” in any of the several mathematical senses of that word, we have reviewed, correlated, remade in detail, and often recast in principle or replaced by use of clearer and tighter concepts, assumptions, and methods. Nothing in Lectures 8, 9, and 10 and their appendices should be accepted before comparing it with what we have written in regard to it in our treatise.
Invariance Principles for Independent and Weakly Dependent Random Variables

During the last three decades the concept “invariance principle” has undergone several subtle changes. In the early 1950’s an invariance principle was a result that nowadays often would be called a functional central limit theorem (FCLT). At present the term “invariance principle” generally stands as a synonym for an approximation theorem: A given process, such as a partial sum process, an empirical process, an extremal process, a U-statistic, etc. is approximated in distribution, in probability, in LP or almost surely by a canonical process, such as a Brownian motion, a Kiefer process, a special extremal process or in case of a U-statistic by a multiple stochastic integral.
America's Upside-down Doctrine of Education: Albert Jay Nock's Theory of What Has Gone Wrong — Or Is It Right?

We often do not realize that we are making important and sometimes unjustified assumptions when these have become so habitual and natural for us to assume that we must strain even to question them. The American system of education makes such assumptions, which were questioned and criticized nearly a hundred years ago by author and educational theorist Albert Jay Nock. In this essay, we consider Nock’s theory of American education in order to bring attention to bear on our unexamined assumptions about the objectives of education and how to attain them. We shall find that certain of these assumptions stand greatly in need of the support of evidence.
Gaudium et Spes and the Opening to the World

This chapter discusses the opening to the world in the Vatican II document Gaudium et Spes, the Pastoral Constitution on the Church in the Modern World. The approach of Gaudium et Spes differs from the earlier method of Catholic social teaching, which employed primarily a natural law approach. Gaudium et Spes introduces a more biblical, faith-centered, Christological approach to life in the world. In discussing the document itself, some of the problems in the document are also mentioned, especially its overly optimistic approach and its somewhat one-sided anthropological outlook. The discussion also points out the many subsequent developments building on Gaudium et Spes that occurred later, including the greater emphasis on the particular as illustrated in liberation and feminist theologies, the preferential option for the poor, and the importance of historical consciousness and the resultant pluralism in Catholic approaches to life in the world. The chapter develops by considering three significant methodological issues—a more theological approach to life in the world, a more personalist approach, and a more inductive approach.
Perspective, Voice, Reference, and Warrant: A Sample of Ameliorations to the Multi-Perspective Design Requirement and Some Arguments Against It

In this concept paper I sketch these potential ameliorations at a high level and then work to address some foundational issues associated with attempts at communicating multiple perspectives in a single classification scheme. These include both Melanie Feinberg’s work on rhetorical stance of the classificationist (2010, 2012) and Birger Hjorland’s work on explicit philosophical grounding and classification scheme design (2013).
Population selection and sequencing of C. elegans wild isolates identifies a region on chromosome III affecting starvation resistance

ABSTRACT To understand the genetic basis of complex traits, it is important to be able to efficiently phenotype many genetically distinct individuals. In the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, individuals have been isolated from diverse populations around the globe and whole-genome sequenced. As a result, hundreds of wild strains with known genome sequences can be used for genome-wide association studies (GWAS). However, phenotypic analysis of these strains can be laborious, particularly for quantitative traits requiring multiple measurements per strain. Starvation resistance is likely a fitness-proximal trait for nematodes, and it is related to metabolic disease risk in humans. However, natural variation in C. elegans starvation resistance has not been characterized, and precise measurement of the trait is time-intensive. Here, we developed a population selection and sequencing-based approach to phenotype starvation resistance in a pool of 96 wild strains. We used restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (RAD-seq) to infer the frequency of each strain among survivors in a mixed culture over time during starvation. We used manual starvation survival assays to validate the trait data, confirming that strains that increased in frequency over time are starvation-resistant relative to strains that decreased in frequency. These results document natural variation in starvation resistance. Further, we found that variation in starvation resistance is significantly associated with variation at a region on chromosome III. Using a near-isogenic line (NIL), we showed the importance of this genomic interval for starvation resistance. This study demonstrates the feasibility of using population selection and sequencing in an animal model for phenotypic analyses of quantitative traits, reveals natural variation of starvation resistance in C. elegans, and identifies a genomic region that contributes to such variation.
Clinical and cytogenetic features of nonsecretory multiple myeloma (NSMM) in the era of novel agent induction therapy: The Mayo Clinic experience.

e19519Background: NSMM is a rare subtype of myeloma that has not been well characterized in the era of novel agent induction therapy. Thus, we evaluated the clinical and cytogenetic features of pat...
A pin detected by ultrasonography within the normal appendix: prior to surgery, an impressive use of ultrasonography to localize an ingested foreign body exactly

We present a 1-year-old boy who was asymptomatic and brought to the emergency room on suspicion of his having swallowed a pin. Confirmation of ingestion of the pin and its passage through the gut was achieved with abdominal radiography. The pin, which was followed with serial abdominal radiographs, was expected to leave the gastrointestinal tract, but was fixed to the right lower quadrant. When the pin had not passed after 10 days, and with increasing concern about the likelihood of perforation, ultrasonography was used to locate its exact position and allow surgical removal. Only a few cases involving the use of ultrasonography to reveal the exact location of an ingested foreign body prior to surgery have been reported in the literature. This case presents an impressive example of the use of ultrasonography to reveal the intra-appendiceal location of an ingested foreign body, and to facilitate its surgical removal.
An elementary proof for the number of supersingular elliptic curves

Building on Finotti in (Acta Arith 139(3):265–273, 2009), we give an elementary proof for the well known result that there exactly $$\lceil (p-1)/4 \rceil -\lfloor (p-1)/6 \rfloor$$ supersingular elliptic curves in characteristic p. We use a related polynomial instead of the supersingular polynomial itself to simplify the proof and this idea might be helpful to prove other results related to the supersingular polynomial.
Sex-Specific Associations of Harsh Childhood Environment with Psychometrically Assessed Life History Profile: no Evidence for Mediation through Developmental Timing or Embodied Capital

Life History (LH) Theory explains how organisms allocate energy among the competing demands of growth and maintenance (i.e., investment in future reproduction), mating effort, and parenting effort. LH profile is thought to be influenced by cues of extrinsic mortality and morbidity. Human LH strategies have been conceptualized on a fast-slow continuum and have been measured via biometric indicators (e.g., developmental timing) and psychometric indictors (e.g., personality traits). We aim to preliminarily develop and test an integrated model in which childhood environments are hypothesized to influence variation in psychometric LH profile in adulthood via effects on earlier biometric developmental LH indicators. We tested, in a sample of 370 U.S. undergraduates, a model in which associations of early life adversity on psychometrically assessed LH profile are mediated by biometrically assessed LH indicators (e.g., developmental timing; somatic state). The complete model was not supported. Several direct and indirect paths were consistent with theory-driven predictions, but other findings were inconsistent with LH-based hypotheses. Best fitting models differed by sex, such that an association existed between males’ psychometric LH profile and neighborhood stress, father closeness, and somatic state (telomere length), whereas an association existed between females’ developmental timing with adult LH profile and father closeness. While there was limited support for the complete multivariate model, we conclude that an integrative approach to the assessment and modeling of LH variation holds substantial promise for future research.
Assessing Impact of Unobserved Confounders with Sensitivity Index Probabilities through Pseudo-Experiments

Unobserved confounders are a long-standing issue in causal inference using propensity score methods. This study proposed nonparametric indices to quantify the impact of unobserved confounders through pseudo-experiments with an application to real-world data. The study finding suggests that the proposed indices can reflect the true impact of confounders. It is hoped that this study will lead to further discussion on this important issue and help move the science of causal inference forward.
Dynamics of Andean Treeline Ecotones: Between Cloud Forest and Páramo Geocritical Tropes

In the new critical biogeography framework, Cloud Forests are conceived as scalar artifacts of both, historicity’s (c.f. temporal) and spatiality’s (c.f. areal) interdigitations of the socio-ecological production mountainscapes. Particularly in the tropical Andes, where the greatest concentration of Tropical Montane Cloud Forest (TMCF) ecosystems exists, most of the research endeavor has been devoted to spatio-temporal “landscape characterization” of many functional traits or ecological niches available along the verdant gradient (see Chap. 1), and to create a “sense of place” that could make them unique; they persist at present appealing to the eye and to the mind. Because of my affinity with the neotropical realm, I include most examples or case studies from the tropical and subtropical Andes, yet extreme cases of cloud forests can be pointed from the Patagonian or even the Magallanic Andes of the Terra Australis, where the mystical fog shrouding is as spectacular as in the Andean crescent. When possible, I use vernacular descriptors of pueblos originarios to describe the terms used regionally for the cloud forest ecosystem, wherever they might be located.
Which Group Do You Belong To? Sentiment-Based PageRank to Measure Formal and Informal Influence of Nodes in Networks

Organizational networks are often hierarchical by nature as individuals take on roles or functions at various job levels. Prior studies have used either text-level (e.g., sentiment, affect) or structural-level features (e.g., PageRank, various centrality metrics) to identify influential nodes in networks. In this study, we use a combination of these two levels of information to develop a novel ranking method that combines sentiment analysis and PageRank to infer node-level influence in a real-world organizational network. We detect sentiment scores for all actor pairs based on the content of their email-based communication, and calculate their influence index using an enhanced PageRank method. Finally, we group individual nodes into distinct clusters according to their influence index. Compared to established network metrics designed or used to infer formal and informal influence and ground truth data on job levels, our metric achieves the highest accuracy for inferring formal influence (60.7%) and second highest for inferring informal influence (69.0%). Our approach shows that combining text-level and structural-level information is effective for identifying the job level of nodes in an organizational network.
A Discussion of Programmatic Differences within Mathematics Content Courses for Prospective Elementary Teachers

Prospective elementary teacher (PSET) education programs vary greatly in the courses and course sequences employed to prepare their students. This article explores potential tradeoffs that arise for mathematics teacher educators, PSETs, and their future students due to the choices PSET education programs make regarding their design. Specifically, the sequencing of content and pedagogy across courses, integration of content and pedagogy within courses, content coverage, mathematical rigor, and interactions between PSETs’ beliefs and experiences are explored from the perspective of mathematics teacher educators using vignettes. Based on the vignettes and literature, future directions for research regarding PSET education program design are suggested.
Experimental and computational analysis of calcium dynamics in 22q11.2 deletion model astrocytes

Intracellular calcium dynamics in spontaneously active cells such as neurons or astrocytes is an information-rich readout of the physiological state of the cell. Methods for deriving mechanistic information from biological time courses, as well as for algorithmically extracting cellular activity time courses from imaging data, have significantly advanced in recent years but been mostly applied to neuronal data. At the same time, the role for astrocytes, a type of glial brain cells, in cognition and psychiatric diseases remains poorly understood. Using calcium imaging, computer vision, and Bayesian kinetic inference, we analyze calcium dynamics in primary astrocytes derived from control or Df1/+ mice, a model of 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (DiGeorge syndrome). Inference of highest-likelihood molecular kinetic characteristics from the intracellular calcium time courses pinpoints a significant change in the activity of the sarcoendoplasmic reticulum calcium ATPase (SERCA). Applying a SERCA inhibitor to the control cells reproduces the differences detected in the deletion-bearing cells. Our work identifies for the first time the molecular changes driving the calcium kinetics in 22q11.2 deletion model astrocytes. We conclude that Bayesian kinetic inference is a useful tool for mechanistic dissection of a complex cellular phenotype, calcium dynamics, in glial cells. This method has the potential to facilitate formulation of specific hypotheses concerning the underlying molecular mechanisms, prioritization of experiments testing such hypotheses, and, in the future, individualized functional molecular diagnostics.
An analog turbo decoder for an (8,4) product code

This paper illustrates how analog circuitry can be used to decode turbo and turbo-like codes. For ease of exposition, the focus is on a simple two dimensional product code comprised of a 2 by 2 array of (3,2) single parity check codes. It is shown that the heart of the decoder is a soft exclusive-or operation which is easily implemented in analog as a modified Gilbert multiplier. Finally, a complete decoder design is presented which is capable of achieving throughput on the order of hundreds of Mbps.
CDM event simulation in SPICE: A holistic approach

A flow and a CAD tool for the simulation of the ESD CDM classification test event in SPICE is described. The methodology consists of deconstructing the CDM test into its relevant components. The modeling and calibration of each component is shown to be essential in the development of a generic simulation approach predicting CDM pass and fail levels. The successful implementation of the flow is demonstrated with a real circuit design example.
Reactions of coordinated ligands : VIII. Synthesis and characterization of molybdenum carbonyl complexes of diphenylphosphinous acid and diphenylphosphinous acid derivatives☆

Abstract Several unexpected reactions have led to syntheses of cis -[Mo(CO) 4 ((PPh 2 ) 2 -E)] in which E = O, S, NH. The E = O complex was obtained from the reactions of several acid chlorides (CH 3 C(O)Cl, PCl 3 , (MeO)P(O)Cl 2 and [Mo(CO) 5 -(PMe 2 Cl)]) with [Et 3 NH] + cis -[Mo(CO) 4 ((PPh 2 O) 2 H)] − . The E = NH analog arose from the reaction of BF 3 · O(C 2 H 5 ) 2 with cis -[Mo(CO) 4 (PPh 2 NH 2 ) 2 ] and the E = S complex resulted from the reaction of H 2 S with cis -[Mo(CO) 4 (PPh 2 -Cl) 2 ]. The unsymmetrically substituted complex cis -[Mo(CO) 4 (PPh 2 OH)-(PPh 2 OCH 2 CH 3 )] was obtained from the reaction of cis -[Mo(CO) 4 (PPh 2 Cl) 2 ] with excess sodium ethoxide in ethanol. Cleavage of a PS bond in cis -[Mo-(CO) 4 ((PPh 2 ) 2 S] with NaOH in the presence of Et 4 N + Cl − yielded the unsymmetrical complex [Et 4 N] + cis -[Mo(CO) 4 ((PPh 2 O)(PPh 2 S)H)] − . Synthesis of cis -[Mo(CO) 4 ((PPh 2 O) 2 P(O)CH 2 Cl)] was accomplished by reacting (ClCH 2 )-P(O)(OH) 2 with cis -[Mo(CO) 4 (PPh 2 Cl) 2 ]. Multinuclear NMR ( 1 H, 13 C, 17 O, 31 P) and IR spectroscopy assisted in complex characterization. Conductance measurements on acetone solutions proved the complexes [Et 3 NH] + cis -[Mo(CO) 4 -((PPh 2 O) 2 E)] − , where E = H + , BF 2 + , and [Et 4 N] + cis -[Mo(CO) 4 ((PPh 2 O)-(PPh 2 Y)H)] − , where Y = O, S, to be 1/1 electrolytes.
Site-Specific Integration of Adeno-Associated Virus into an Episome with the Target Locus via a Deletion-Substitution Mechanism

Five site-specific adeno-associated virus integrants generated in a model system with an Epstein-Barr virus- based shuttle vector have been characterized. The results suggest a deletion-substitution mechanism of recombination.
Rhesus papillomavirus type 1 cooperates with activated ras in transforming primary epithelial rat cells independent of dexamethasone.

Rhesus Papillomavirus type 1 (RhPV-1) was recently cloned from a rhesus monkey lymph node metastasis of a penile squamous cell carcinoma. In this paper, we demonstrate that RhPV-1 cooperates with the activated ras oncogene to transform primary cells at a level comparable to human papillomavirus type 16. The viral DNAs were cloned such that their expression was under the control of their natural promoter elements. Unlike human papillomavirus type 16, RhPV-1 DNA cooperated with ras independently of the hormone dexamethasone. However, dexamethasone did have a positive influence on the ability of some RhPV-1 cotransformed cells to grow in soft-agar assays. The transformed cells are highly tumorigenic in vivo in nude mice. Images
T-lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma.

Objectives To review important concepts from the 2013 Society for Hematopathology/European Association for Haematopathology Workshop session on T-acute lymphoblastic leukemia/T-lymphoblastic lymphoma (T-ALL/T-LBL). Methods Twenty-one submitted cases are reviewed and summarized, with emphasis on key diagnostic or biologic points, and supplemented with relevant literature citations. Results Early T-cell precursor (ETP)-ALL represented about one-third of all cases submitted. It is important to recognize ETP-ALL, because these patients have a poor prognosis if treated with standard therapy. A consensus immunophenotype has been developed to aid in the recognition of these cases. Other cases submitted illustrated rare entities, including two cases of Philadelphia chromosome–positive T-ALL, two cases of T-ALL associated with MYC translocations, and single cases illustrating various diseases. A subset of cases submitted illustrated issues related to differential diagnosis of T-ALL/T-LBL. Conclusions In view of the growing importance of molecular genetic analysis in the diagnosis and prognosis of T-ALL/T-LBL, it is important for pathologists to keep abreast of these developments. Currently, routine histopathology, immunophenotyping, conventional cytogenetic analysis, fluorescence in situ hybridization, and clonality testing are usually adequate to establish the diagnosis. However, as therapies become more targeted, assessment for relevant genetic abnormalities, either through candidate gene or broad-scale unbiased approaches, may become necessary.
The International Finance Corporation

AT THE BRETTON WOODS CONFERENCE in July 1944, delegates from forty-four countries reached agreement upon plans for two major financial institutions, the International Monetary Fund and the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development.' The Fund was intended to provide a systematic basis for the initial establishment of exchange rates after the war and for resetting of such rates when necessary. It was also designed to help member countries maintain the established values of their currencies and to enable them to speed the easing of exchange restrictions. Though its success in bringing about an end to exchange restrictions has been limited, the Fund has proved to be a useful and important international financial institution. It has promoted international monetary cooperation and has kept competitive exchange rate manipulations to a minimum. The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development was designed to increase the supply of long-term foreign investment capital available for reconstructing war-torn economies and for developing underdeveloped areas. In the early postwar period the Bank tended to concentrate upon loans for reconstruction in war-damaged countries; but it soon became evident that the needs of such countries' far exceeded the
Vector meson dominance and ρ-ω mixing

The scale of a phenomenologically successful charge-symmetry-violating nucleon-nucleon interaction, that attributed to meson exchange with a {Delta}I=1 {rho}-{omega} transition, is set by the Coleman-Glashow SU(2)-breaking tadpole mechanism. A single tadpole scale has been obtained from symmetry arguments, electromagnetic meson and baryon measured mass splittings, and the observed isospin-violating ({Delta}I=1) decay {omega}{r_arrow}{pi}{sup +}{pi}{sup {minus}}. The hadronic realization of this tadpole mechanism lies in the I=1 a{sub 0} scalar meson. We show that measured hadronic and two-photon widths of the a{sub 0} meson, with the aid of the vector meson dominance model, recover the universal Coleman-Glashow tadpole scale. {copyright} {ital 1998} {ital The American Physical Society}
Towards the Refinement of the Arabic Soundex

In this paper, we present phonetic encoding functions that play the role of hash functions in the indexation of an Arabic dictionary. They allow us to answer approximate queries that, given a query word, ask for all the words that are phonetically similar to it. They consider the phonetic features of the standard Arabic language and involve some possible phonetic alterations induced by specific habits in the pronunciation of Arabic.
Methionine 35 oxidation reduces toxic and pro-apoptotic effects of the amyloid β-protein fragment (31–35) on isolated brain mitochondria

Abstract Amyloid β-peptide (AβP), the central constituent of senile plaques in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain, has been shown to be a source of free radical oxidative stress that may lead to neurodegeneration. In particular, it is well known that oxidation of methionine 35, is strongly related to the pathogenesis of AD, since it represents the residue in AβP most susceptible to oxidation in vivo . In the present study, we used the fragment 31–35 of AβP, which has a single methionine at residue 35, in order to investigate the influence of the oxidation state of methionine-35 on the toxic and pro-apoptotic effects induced by Aβ(31–35) on isolated brain mitochondria. The obtained results show that exposure of isolated mitochondria from rat brain to AβP(31–35) determines (i) a large release of cytochrome c (ii) a significant reduction in mitochondrial respiration and (iii) a slight drop in the mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨ). In contrast, the amplitude of these events resulted attenuated or completely abrogated in isolated brain mitochondria exposed to the AβP(31–35)Met35 OX , in which methionine 35 was oxidized to methionine sulfoxide. We have further characterized the action of AβP(31–35) and Aβ(31–35)Met35 OX peptide on PC12 cells. Although these two peptides, compromised mitochondrial function at a different extent as assessed by MTT reduction, neither one of them decreased cell viability as measured by Trypan Blue exclusion assay. The results obtained in this study support the hypothesis that the oxidative state of Met-35 may play a critical role in the mechanisms responsible of neurotoxicity exerted by this peptide.
Transforming Cataloging and Metadata Practice Beyond the Traditional Boundaries. A Report of the ALCTS CaMMS Heads of Cataloging Interest Group Program, American Library Association Annual Conference, Las Vegas, June 2014

At the ALA Annual Conference in Las Vegas in June 2014, the ALCTS CaMMS Heads of Cataloging Interest Group continued its discussion from the 2014 Midwinter meeting in Philadelphia1 on transforming ...
Aerobic training reduces systemic oxidative stress in young women with elevated levels of F2-isoprostanes

The purpose of this trial was to determine whether exercise without weight loss would reduce F2-isoprostanes in previously sedentary young women. Participants (N=319) were randomized to four months of 150min/week aerobic exercise or a control group. Plasma free F2-isoprostanes were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Other assessments included fitness and % body fat. Intervention groups were compared with stratification by quartiles of baseline plasma F2-isoprostane. This stratified comparison was linearly adjusted for baseline plasma F2-isoprostane and we also used baseline plasma F2-isoprostane as a propensity score to balance the intervention. Training resulted in significant improvements in aerobic fitness (0.88 METs) and body fat percent (1%) in exercisers compared to controls (p<0.001). The exercise group had significantly higher mean baseline plasma F2-isoprostanes (79.1 vs 67.9pg/mL) than the control group in the highest quartile of baseline plasma F2-isoprostanes. Within this highest quartile, exercise led to a greater decline in plasma F2-isoprostanes (-20.2±2.5pg/mL) than control (-7.4±2.5pg/mL); with adjustment for baseline plasma F2-isoprostanes and in the balanced groups, this difference was reduced but remained significant. Four months of exercise training resulted in significant reductions of systemic oxidative stress only among previously sedentary young women who were in the highest quartile of plasma F2-isoprostanes at baseline (≥57pg/mL). Our findings indicate that the benefits of aerobic exercise in reducing systemic oxidative stress may be limited to those who present higher baseline levels of plasma F2-isoprostanes.
Spatial domain multiplexing: A new dimension in fiber optic multiplexing

A novel multiplexing technique for fiber optic communications has been developed that supports multiple channels of optical energy inside an optical fiber by confining each individual channel to a unique spatial location. These channels can operate at exactly the same wavelength as well as differing wavelengths. The basic operating principle and experimental results for spatial domain multiplexed fiber optic communication systems is presented here. This technique adds a new dimension to currently available multiplexing schemes and has the potential to increase the bandwidth of existing and futuristic optical fiber systems by multiple folds.
Seasonal Patterns in Microbial Community Composition in Denitrifying Bioreactors Treating Subsurface Agricultural Drainage

Denitrifying bioreactors, consisting of water flow control structures and a woodchip-filled trench, are a promising approach for removing nitrate from agricultural subsurface or tile drainage systems. To better understand the seasonal dynamics and the ecological drivers of the microbial communities responsible for denitrification in these bioreactors, we employed microbial community “fingerprinting” techniques in a time-series examination of three denitrifying bioreactors over 2 years, looking at bacteria, fungi, and the denitrifier functional group responsible for the final step of complete denitrification. Our analysis revealed that microbial community composition responds to depth and seasonal variation in moisture content and inundation of the bioreactor media, as well as temperature. Using a geostatistical analysis approach, we observed recurring temporal patterns in bacterial and denitrifying bacterial community composition in these bioreactors, consistent with annual cycling. The fungal communities were more stable, having longer temporal autocorrelations, and did not show significant annual cycling. These results suggest a recurring seasonal cycle in the denitrifying bioreactor microbial community, likely due to seasonal variation in moisture content.
AtlasGuide: Software for stereotaxic guidance using 3D CT/MRI hybrid atlases of developing mouse brains

Stereotaxic operations of the mouse brain are critically important for various types of neuroscience research studies, which include electrical recording of neural activities or site-targeted injection of stem cells, chemical tracers, and vectors, to name a few. To guide such operations, two-dimensional histology-based mouse brain atlases, such as the Paxinos and Franklin atlas, are widely used. Recently, computed tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) based hybrid three-dimensional (3D) atlases of developing mouse brains have been introduced. In this study, a new stereotaxic guidance software, called AtlasGuide, is introduced, which was developed to fully utilize the benefits of the 3D atlases for high-precision stereotaxic targeting. The AtlasGuide software provides functions to visualize oblique needle paths in 2D and 3D views, which allow investigators to simultaneously examine brain structures that could be damaged by the needle path and optimize the injection angles for high-precision trajectory selection through critical neural tissue. It allows reorientation and scaling of the atlases dynamically to match the orientation of the animal brain prepared for surgery, thereby eliminating the need to manually align the subject to the atlas, a procedure which is essential while using conventional 2D atlases. In addition, the software enables loading user-defined atlases when researchers need image-based guidance for different age groups, strains, or species. The software with integrated 3D stereotaxic mouse atlases is available for download at the http://lbam.med.jhmi.edu website.
Biochemical screening for aneuploidy in patients with donor oocyte pregnancies compared with autologous pregnancies.

AbstractObjective: The objective was to determine if the rate of abnormal biochemical markers is different in pregnancies conceived by donor oocyte versus those conceived by autologous oocytes.Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent risk assessment for aneuploidy. Pregnancies conceived by egg donation were matched with control groups who conceived using their own eggs. The primary outcomes were incidence of low PAPP-A or free bHCG in the first trimester or elevated MSAFP, free bHCG or Inhibin A, or low uE3 in the second trimester.Results: 260 singleton gestations were identified who conceived via oocyte donor. There was a significantly higher rate of unexplained elevated MSAFP in pregnancies conceived by egg donation (8% versus 2%, p = 0.028) compared to a control group matched by maternal age. There was also a significantly higher rate of unexplained elevated MSAFP in pregnancies conceived by egg donation (7% versus 2%, p = 0.01) compared to a control group matched by age ...
The adsorption and reaction of H2O on clean and oxygen covered Ag(110)

Abstract The adsorption and reaction of water on clean and oxygen covered Ag(110) surfaces has been studied with high resolution electron energy loss (EELS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron (XPS) spectroscopy. Non-dissociative adsorption of water was observed on both surfaces at 100 K. The vibrational spectra of these adsorbates at 100 K compared favorably to infrared absorption spectra of ice Ih. Both surfaces exhibited a desorption state at 170 K representative of multilayer H 2 O desorption. Desorption states due to hydrogen-bonded and non-hydrogen-bonded water molecules at 200 and 240 K, respectively, were observed from the surface predosed with oxygen. EEL spectra of the 240 K state showed features at 550 and 840 cm −1 which were assigned to restricted rotations of the adsorbed molecule. The reaction of adsorbed H 2 O with pre-adsorbed oxygen to produce adsorbed hydroxyl groups was observed by EELS in the temperature range 205 to 255 K. The adsorbed hydroxyl groups recombined at 320 K to yield both a TPD water peak at 320 K and adsorbed atomic oxygen. XPS results indicated that water reacted completely with adsorbed oxygen to form OH with no residual atomic oxygen. Solvation between hydrogen-bonded H 2 O molecules and hydroxyl groups is proposed to account for the results of this work and earlier work showing complete isotopic exchange between H 2 16 O (a) and 18 O (a) .
In vivo identification of aflatoxin-induced free radicals in rat bile

Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is a potent hepatocarcinogen. We have recently detected [via electron spin resonance (ESR) spectroscopy] free radicals in vivo in rat bile following AFB1 metabolism using the spin trapping [alpha-(4-pyridyl-1-oxide)-N-tert-butyl nitrone (4-POBN)] technique. The aim of the present study was to identify the trapped free radical intermediates from the in vivo hepatic metabolism of AFB1. Rats were treated simultaneously with AFB1 (3 mg/kg i.p.) and the spin trapping agent 4-POBN (1 g/kg i.p.), and bile was collected over a period of 1 h at 20 min intervals. On-line high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) coupled to ESR was used to identify an arachidonic acid-derived radical adduct of 4-POBN in rat bile, and a methyl adduct of 4-POBN from the reaction of hydroxyl radicals with carbon-13-labeled dimethyl sulfoxide ((13)C-DMSO). The effect of metabolic inhibitors, such as desferoxamine mesylate (DFO), an iron chelator, 2-dimethylaminoethyl-2,2-diphenylvalerate hydrochloride (SKF) 525A, a cytochrome P-450 inhibitor, and gadolinium chloride (GdCl(3)), a Kupffer cell inactivator, on in vivo aflatoxin-induced free radical formation were also studied. It was found that there was a significant decrease in radical formation as a result of DFO, SKF525A and GdCl(3) inhibition. Trapped 4-POBN radical adducts were also detected in rat bile following the in vivo metabolism of aflatoxin-M1, one of the hydroxylated metabolites of AFB1.
Scalability versus flexibility: firm size and R&D in Indian industry

This article has examined the impact of firm size on R&D spending for a panel of several thousand Indian firms, for a period of seven years from 1999–2000 to 2005–2006. The average levels of R&D spending are low but for firms that do undertake R&D the average levels of R&D spending are much higher. The results of the analysis for all the manufacturing sector firms have shown that larger firm size is associated with a higher probability of R&D spending. In non-linear estimation the squared term is negative denoting that after a particular threshold firm size has no effect on R&D spending. When only the R&D spending firms are evaluated then size has a mild impact on R&D spending and in a non-linear framework the effect of size disappears signifying that both the relatively smaller and larger firm alike seem to be motivated in building capabilities in the post-liberalization period of the Indian economy.
Reconstructing the Remote Television Memory Test: Measuring Individual Differences in Long-Term Memory

Memory plays a role in many communications theories; however, few studies consider individual differences in memory. The results are reported here for two original studies designed to reconstruct a previously validated measure for television memory constructed to assess how people forget information over time. The remote television memory test assesses recognition memory for the titles of broadcast television programs canceled after a single season. Results from two studies show that the measure is reliable across repeated administrations among independent samples, exhibits a forgetting curve over time, is uncorrelated with total television viewing, appears to be approximately normally distributed, and predicts social reality estimates typical of the cultivation effect independently from total viewing. More work is needed to further assess the construct validity of the measure. Practical implications of administration also are discussed.