cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
A Cadaveric Study of Cam-Type Femoroacetabular Impingement: Biomechanical Comparison of Contact Pressures Between Cam Morphology, Partial Femoral Osteoplasty, and Complete Femoral Osteoplasty.

Purpose To compare the biomechanical properties of the hip joint with an intact femoral cam lesion, partial cam resection, and complete cam resection. Methods A cadaveric study was performed using 8 hemipelvises with cam-type morphology (alpha angle > 55°) and intact labra. Intra-articular pressure maps were produced for each specimen under the following conditions: (1) native cam morphology (intact), (2) cam morphology with incomplete resection (partial), and (3) cam morphology with complete resection (complete). By use of an open technique, resection of the superior portion of the cam morphology was performed with a 5.5-mm burr to create the partial resection, followed by the inferior portion to create the complete resection. In each condition, 3 biomechanical parameters were obtained: contact pressure, contact area, and peak force within a region of interest. Measurements were performed 3 times in each condition, and the average value was used for statistical analysis. Analysis of variance was used to compare biomechanical parameters between conditions. Results A statistically significant difference was found between the pre- and post-resection alpha angles (62.2° ± 3.9° vs 40.9° ± 1.4°, P .05). Conclusions Complete cam resection results in significantly lower intra-articular hip contact pressures than incomplete cam resection and native cam morphology in a cadaveric hip model. These observations underscore the importance of ensuring complete resection of femoral cam lesions in patients undergoing hip arthroscopy for femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Clinical Relevance Previous studies have shown that the most common reason for revision hip arthroscopy in patients with femoroacetabular impingement syndrome is incomplete femoral cam resection during the index operation. This study shows biomechanical differences associated with partial cam resection compared with the complete cam resection state that may translate to persistent symptoms.
Relationships Between Humans and Great Salt Lake: Dynamics of Change

The relationships between humans and Great Salt Lake (GSL) have always involved change and adaptation, for both humans and the lake. Humans have changed the lake in numerous ways, and the lake has changed humans, frequently in recursive processes. Further, forces external to both humans and GSL have affected both. Some key themes of change and the need for adaptation have included the elevation and related size of GSL, and humans’ attempts to manage that; technology, both lake-related and related to broader social trends; and finally, development, of population and of communities. Using sociological research findings, this chapter addresses gaps in our understanding of some of the many and drastic changes occurring with the lake, listening to people’s perceptions of and experiences with GSL and the transitions they have observed. Challenges for the future are outlined, including the complexities of needing to meet humans’ needs without further compromising the health of the lake.
Behavioral effects of benzylideneoxymorphone (BOM), a low efficacy µ opioid receptor agonist and a δ opioid receptor antagonist.

Opioids remain the drugs of choice for treating moderate to severe pain, although adverse effects often limit use. Drugs acting concomitantly as agonists at μ opioid receptors and antagonists at δ opioid receptors produce antinociceptive effects with a reduced profile of adverse effects; one such drug, benzylideneoxymorphone (BOM), might further limit adverse effects because it appears to have lower pharmacological efficacy than other μ opioid receptor agonists. The current study compared the acute behavioral effects of BOM with the effects of other μ opioid receptor agonists. Discriminative stimulus and rate-decreasing effects were studied in 1 group of 7 rats discriminating 3.2 mg/kg morphine while responding under a fixed-ratio 10 schedule of food presentation. Antinociceptive effects were determined in a second group of 8 rats using a warm water tail withdrawal procedure. Reinforcing effects were evaluated in a third group of 12 rats with a history of remifentanil self-administration. BOM produced morphine-lever responding and both discriminative stimulus and rate-decreasing effects were antagonized by naltrexone. BOM did not markedly increase tail-withdrawal latencies from water maintained at 50 °C and did not substantially attenuate the antinociceptive effects of morphine. BOM was not self-administered and did not change remifentanil self-administration. Some effects of BOM (e.g., discriminative stimulus effects) appear to be mediated by μ opioid receptors; however, BOM is not self-administered by rats, suggesting that it might have limited abuse liability and a reduced profile of adverse effects compared with currently prescribed opioids.
Human papillomavirus vaccine series follow-through: comparison of four clinics in an academic medical center.

Objective The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention (CDC) recommends that the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine series be initiated at ages 11-12 years, but many children never follow-through with the series. By examining differences in clinic-specific vaccine series follow-through rates across four clinics, we aimed to identify best practices related to communication around the vaccine and pathways to follow-through. Methods We used the electronic medical record (EMR) to retrospectively analyze HPV vaccine follow-through at four clinic settings. We limited the sample to children ages 11-17 who received a dose of the vaccine series at any of the clinics between January 2015 and June 2018. The primary outcome was follow-through of the HPV vaccine series within 18 months of initiation. Results A total of 3,813 patients were included in this study, 29% of which followed through with the HPV vaccine series. There was significant variability of vaccine follow-through among the clinics (p<0.001), with the Med/Peds clinic having the highest rate of follow-through (32%). After adjusting for confounding variables, multivariable analysis found that Med/Peds and Family Medicine had higher odds of HPV vaccine series follow-through than the Pediatrics clinic. Conclusions We found that the likelihood of vaccine series follow-through was highest when the series was started in the Med/Peds and Family Medicine clinics, compared to Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine. These results suggest that further qualitative research is needed to understand what communication strategies are most effective at facilitating HPV vaccine uptake among adolescents, and how the most effective strategies can be shared among clinics.
CELL ATLAS OF THE CHICK RETINA: SINGLE CELL PROFILING IDENTIFIES 136 CELL TYPES

SUMMARY Retinal structure and function have been studied in many vertebrate orders, but molecular characterization has been largely confined to mammals. We used single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to generate a cell atlas of the chick retina. From ∼40,000 single cell transcriptomes, we identified 136 cell types distributed among the six classes conserved across vertebrates – photoreceptor, horizontal, bipolar, amacrine, retinal ganglion and glial cells. To match molecular profiles to morphology, we adapted a method for CRISPR-based integration of reporters into selectively expressed genes. For Muller glia, we found that transcriptionally distinct cells were regionally localized along the anterior-posterior, dorsal-ventral and central-peripheral retinal axes. We also identified immature photoreceptor, horizontal cell and oligodendrocyte types that persist into late embryonic stages. Finally, we analyzed relationships among chick, mouse and primate retinal cell classes and types. Taken together, our results provide a foundation for anatomical, physiological, evolutionary, and developmental studies of the avian visual system.
Oct1 recruits the histone lysine demethylase Utx to canalize lineage specification

Abstract The pathways used to transition from an undifferentiated, pluripotent state into cell type-specific states are incompletely understood. Here we show that the transcription factor Oct1/Pou2f1 allows for correct induction of silent, developmental lineage-specific genes to “canalize” developmental progression. Using inducible-conditional Oct1 knockout embryonic stem cells and single-cell gene expression profiling, we show that mesodermal differentiation is impaired in the Oct1 deficient condition. Oct1 deficient cells fail to form late paraxial mesoderm and early somite stage populations, and show “leaky” developmental trajectories with inappropriate lineage branching and accumulation of poorly differentiated cells that retain gene expression and metabolic hallmarks of pluripotency. Oct1 directly binds and regulates genes critical for developmental regulation, including genes encoding mesoderm-specific master regulators and components of chromatin regulatory complexes. Oct1 positively resolves gene bivalency by recruiting Utx to mesoderm-specific, bivalent/poised targets, thereby removing inhibitory H3K27me3 chromatin marks to activate their expression. Oct1 deficient cells fail to remove H3K27me3 and positively resolve bivalency. Ectopic Oct1 expression improves the ability of cells to differentiate accurately under mesoderm lineage-inducing conditions.
Sex differences in cannabis forms and exposure reasons in cannabis-related poison control center cases aged 50.

A significant proportion of individuals aged 50+ in the U.S. use cannabis for medical or recreational purposes, sometimes with adverse effects. Given differences in cannabis use among men and women...
Detecting Potential Over Billing in Medicare Reimbursement via Hours Worked

Medicare over billing refers to the phenomenon that providers report more and/or higher intensity service codes than actually delivered to receive higher Medicare reimbursement. We propose a novel and easy-to-implement approach to detect potential over billing based on the hours worked implied by the service codes physicians submit to Medicare. Using the Medicare Part B Fee-for-Service (FFS) Physician Utilization and Payment Data in 2012 and 2013 released by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), we first construct estimates for physicians' hours spent on Medicare Part B FFS beneficiaries. Despite our deliberately conservative estimation procedure, we find that about 2,300 physicians, or 3% of those with a significant fraction of Medicare Part B FFS services, have billed Medicare over 100 hours per week. We consider this implausibly long hours. As a benchmark, the maximum hours spent on Medicare patients by physicians in National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey data are 50 hours in a week. Interestingly, we also find suggestive evidence that the coding patterns of the flagged physicians seem to be responsive to financial incentives: within code clusters with different levels of service intensity, they tend to submit more higher intensity service codes than unflagged physicians; moreover, they are more likely to do so if the marginal revenue gain from submitting mid or high-intensity codes is relatively high.
A novel study: long-lasting event memory.

The current study reports two experiments that assessed memory for complex sets of information (i.e., four novels) over the course of several years. This was done to explore several issues, includi...
Machine Learning of Robot Assembly Plans

Machine learning of robot assembly plans , Machine learning of robot assembly plans , مرکز فناوری اطلاعات و اطلاع رسانی کشاورزی
The Future of Footnote Four

The Supreme Court's decision in United States v. Carolene Products Co. generated the most famous footnote-and perhaps the most famous passage-in all of the American Judiciary's treatment of constitutional law. Among other things, Footnote Four suggested that "prejudice against discrete and insular minorities may be a special condition, which tends seriously to curtail the operation of those political processes ordinarily to be relied upon to protect minorities, and which may call for a correspondingly more searching judicial inquiry." The importance of this principle cannot be overstated. It pervaded the work of the Warren Court and has played a prominent role in constitutional discourse ever since.In this Article, I reflect on the "discrete and insular minorities" component of Footnote Four,denominating it in shorthand fashion as the "unempoweredness principle." In doing so, I draw on the seminal work of my colleague Milner Ball and also touch on the work of other scholars, most notably Professor Cass Sunstein. I examine three main subjects. First, I speak of the possibility that the rising rhetoric and reality of constitutional "minimalism" may dilute long-vibrant understandings of the unempoweredness principle. Second, I investigate one form that dilution of the unempoweredness principle might take-namely, by way of transforming it (in whole or in part) from a rule of hard-and-fast constitutional law into a rule of statutory interpretation. Third, I consider whether the unempoweredness principle now faces the prospect of wholesale abandonment.
Turbine Aerodynamic Design and Off-Design Performance

The turbine component is the power generator in a gas turbine system. As briefly discussed in Chapter 12, within a turbine component, an exchange of mechanical energy (shaft work) with the surroundings takes place. In contrast to compressors, the total energy of the working medium is partially converted into shaft work, thus supplying necessary power to drive the compressor component, compensate for the bearing losses and provide the net power for driving the generator.
Remodeling of the rough endoplasmic reticulum during stimulation of procollagen secretion by ascorbic acid in cultured chondrocytes. A biochemical and morphological study.

Abstract The cellular and molecular mechanisms regulating the reversible accumulation of nonhelical, underhydroxylated procollagen in the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) remain obscure. To clarify these mechanisms, we isolated chondrocytes from chick vertebral cartilage and kept them in scorbutic monolayer cultures. By Day 9 of culture, the chondrocytes had accumulated a large amount of underhydroxylated Type II procollagen in their RER. Within 1 h of ascorbate treatment, the accumulated procollagen was hydroxylated; this was accompanied by a slight stimulation of procollagen secretion and was followed by a marked stimulation starting between 2 and 3 h of treatment. Secretion of the accumulated procollagen was completed by about 24 h of treatment. Strikingly, the marked stimulation of procollagen secretion at 2-3 h of treatment was associated with marked remodeling of the RER. This organelle came to consist of a few, unusually large cisternae ("sacs") and many flat cisternae while the RER in untreated cells consisted of uniform, oval cisternae. The RER remodeling was accompanied by a comparable redistribution of the accumulated Type II procollagen stored in it. The RER sacs and flat cisternae invariably communicated directly and were still detectable by 8 h but not by 24 h of treatment. RER remodeling and procollagen redistribution also occurred in untreated chondrocytes that had been shifted to 23 degrees C for 2-3 h. Together, the data indicate that folding of the accumulated procollagen molecules into their normal helical configuration is followed by procollagen redistribution within, and remodeling of, the RER. These processes may have a role in stimulating procollagen export from the RER and secretion.
The Cutting Edge and the History of Anthropology

The Craft of Inquiry: Theories, Methods, Evidence. Robert R. Alford. New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.168 pp. . History of Anthropological Theory. Paul Erickson with Liam D. Murphy. Calgary, Alberta: Broadview Press, 1998. 254 pp. An Introduction to Theory in Anthropology. Robert Layton. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1997.242 pp.
Cytochemical and biochemical observations on the digestive tracts of digenetic trematodes: I. Ultrastructure of Heamatoloechus medioplexus gut☆

Abstract As seen with the electron microscope, the gastrodermal lining of the frog lung fluke, Haematoloechus medioplexus, is a single layer of epithelial cells. These cells possess indefinite cell boundaries and rest on a noncellular basal membrane. Large nuclei are present, each bound by a nuclear membrane and possessing a large nucleolus. Elongated flattened cytoplasmic processes, often forming superficial vacuoles, are found extending from the luminal surface of the cells into the lumen of the caecum. Many large, irregularly shaped mitochondria are dispersed through the cytoplasm. An extensive system of rough endoplasmic reticulum is evident throughout the cells and is thought to be related to the production of enzymes released at the luminal surface. Two types of vesicles are present. One type, bound by rough endoplasmic epithelium, is considerably larger than the other and contains material of lesser density. No Golgi apparatus is present.
How are Service Firms Measuring and Managing Service Quality/Customer Satisfaction?

A survey of firms marketing consumer and/or industrial services was undertaken to determine the extent to which they are incorporating recommendations from services marketing research. Results of the survey reveal that services marketing research and the strategy recommendations generated from that research appear to have had some influence on service quality/customer satisfaction measurement and management. An encouraging number of the firms surveyed are incorporating services marketing research findings in their measurement of service quality/customer satisfaction, as well as utilizing guidelines suggested by services marketing research in the management of service quality/customer satisfaction measurement information, i.e., the dissemination and use of the results of these programs.
Household food insecurity and its determinants in the Kalalé district of Benin (268.1)

Despite making significant economic progress, food insecurity and malnutrition present key policy challenges in Benin. We analyzed the determinants of food insecurity in northern Benin, based on pr...
Three approaches to teaching and learning in education: Behavioral, piagetian, and information-processing

This collection of papers includes presentations by accomplished researchers who have different theoretical orientations toward how learning and thinking develop. The presenters (Patricia Cegelka and Rena Lewis, San Diego University-Behaviorism; Suzanne Henry, International Business Machines — Piagetian; and Jill Larkin, Carnegie-Mellon University — Information Processing) each describe how someone with their perspective might go about teaching tenth grade students about the slope of a line in a geometry class. The discussant (Fred Danner, University of Kentucky) analyzes the three approaches with the intention of focusing on similarities and differences. Dr. Danner focuses on two major topics, the manner of conception of the learner, and the differing role of the teacher. The discussion is descriptive in tone and does not advocate one approach over another. It was concluded that each approach can provide useful guidelines for the teacher, instructional designer, and curriculum developer depending on desired outcomes.
Adolescent sexual victimization, use of alcohol and other substances, and other health risk behaviors

Abstract Purpose To examine the relationship between substance use, other health risk behaviors, and sexual victimization among adolescent females. Methods A cross-sectional telephone survey of 16–20-year-olds, including 647 female "ever drinkers" (1999) and 1236 female "never drinkers" and "ever drinkers" (2000) from 17 states, was conducted as part of the National Evaluation of the Enforcing Underage Drinking Laws Program. The survey assessed underage alcohol use, sexual victimization, and other risky behaviors. Logistic regression modeling was used to measure the association among sexual victimization, substance use, and other risk behaviors. Results In 1999, 8.2% and in 2000, 7.1% of the participants reported having experienced actual or attempted sex against their will. Logistic regression analyses revealed that binge drinking in the past 2 weeks (1999), age at first drink (2000), sex without birth control (1999 and 2000), marijuana use in the past 30 days (1999 and 2000), and ever having been in a fight (2000) were associated with sexual victimization. Conclusions Indicators of substance abuse and other health risk behaviors were strongly associated with sexual victimization among adolescent females. Implications for the direction of causal relationships are discussed.
Cooperative Interactions of HER-2, HPV-16 Oncoproteins in the Malignant Transformation of Human Mammary Epithelial Cells

To better understand the mechanisms of transformation by the oncogene HER-2, we transduced the human mammary epithelial (HME) cell line MCF-10A with HER-2 and developed a cell line that appeared to moderately overexpress HER-2. These MCF-10HER-2 cells were unable to grow in the absence of epidermal growth factor (EGF). However, coexpression of HER-2 with the HPV-16 oncoproteins E6 and E7 resulted in EGF-independent cells that expressed very high levels of constitutively activated HER-2. Interestingly, coexpression of E7 with HER-2 resulted in cells that were EGF-independent for growth but did not express HER-2 to high levels, and coexpression of E6 with HER-2 resulted in cells expressing higher levels of HER-2, which were still dependent on EGF for growth and survival. The MCF-10HER-2E7 and HER-2/E6E7 cells exhibited constitutive activation of a form of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) that had a faster electrophoretic mobility than EGFR activated by exogenous growth factors. Exposure of cells with EGFR activation to ZD1839 (Iressa), at concentrations specific for EGFR, had little or no influence on proliferation of cells with amplified HER-2 but little or no EGFR. These results indicate that HER-2, E6, and E7 cooperate with endogenous EGFR to yield fully transformed cells.
Replacement of the Proximal Aorta Adds No Further Risk to Aortic Valve Procedures

Background Aortic valve pathology is often associated with proximal aortic dilatation. Even after valve surgery, the proximal aorta can continue to dilate and thus be at risk for rupture, dissection, or later aortic replacement. We hypothesized that the addition of proximal aortic intervention adds no further risk to aortic valve surgery, which may avoid subsequent proximal aortic procedures or catastrophes. Methods Between 1996 and 2004, 430 aortic valve interventions alone and 146 aortic valves with proximal aortic replacements were identified in elective adult patients. The age in the valve-alone patients (68.8 years) was slightly higher than the valve-plus-aorta group (valve/aorta, 60.5 years; p Results The 30-day mortality was similar between groups (valve-alone, 3.8% versus valve/aorta, 2.7%; p = 0.5), as were rates for bleeding and operative revision (valve-alone, 6.7% versus valve/aorta, 9.5%; p = 0.5). Pulmonary (valve-alone, 23.0% versus valve/aorta, 11.6%) and renal complications (valve-alone, 8.2% versus valve/aorta, 2.7%) were higher in the valve-alone group ( p = 0.02). Logistic regression demonstrated no additional risk of death, neurologic, or cardiac event with replacement of the proximal aorta. Conclusions Proximal aortic replacement adds no risk to the patient beyond the aortic valve intervention alone. These findings suggest proximal aortic replacement is safe for patients undergoing valve operations. Patients with a moderately enlarged proximal aorta that may dilate further should also be considered for aortic replacement at the time of valve procedures.
Utility of the Cognitive Difficulties Scale and Association With Objective Test Performance

Subjective memory complaints (SMCs) are commonly noted in memory disorder clinic patients. The present study sought to examine the presence of SMCs on the Cognitive Difficulties Scale (CDS) in older adults and to examine the relationship between CDS scores and current cognitive ability. Participants were 50 adults diagnosed with possible/probable Alzheimer's disease (AD), 100 with amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and 84 cognitively healthy controls (HCs). Participants completed a neuropsychological evaluation and the self- and informant-reported CDS. Results indicated that greater self-reported SMCs were noted in the group with MCI ; however, self-reported CDS scores were associated with cognition in HCs only. Informant-reported CDS scores were predictive of cognitive ability in the diagnosis of MCI but not AD, indicating the importance of obtaining caregiver report in the evaluation of memory disorders. As AD is a neurodegenerative disorder, SMCs lose value in determining degree of cognitive impairment as disease stage increases.
Determination of ATP impurity in adenine dinucleotides

Adenine dinucleotides (ApnA) are extracellular signal molecules that are released from blood platelets, following stress, into the vascular system. The most abundant and best-characterized ApnA (Ap4A) interacts with a unique receptor on bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC) where it induces nitric oxide. Ap4A also interacts with P2 purinoceptors on BAEC to modulate Ca2+ mobilization and prostacyclin release; this behavior can be equally well explained by Ap4A being either a partial agonist to these receptors, or an antagonist in the presence of ATP contamination. To discern between these two possibilities, we have investigated the presence of such contaminants in ApnA preparations. The studies herein indicate that ApnAs (n = 3-6) contain ATP impurities; thus, when characterizing the ApnA interaction with ATP-binding sites, investigators must assure that the response elicited is not partly due to an ATP impurity. We here provide a means for detecting and estimating ATP impurities within Ap4A preparations while also eliminating them; the level of this contamination is estimated to be as low as 0.2%. We applied our method to distinguish the true effect of Ap4A at P2 purinoceptors; our findings are consistent with Ap4A acting as a partial agonist to these receptors. We also applied our method to characterizing the ApnA interaction with luciferase, and found that decontaminated ApnA (n = 4-6) are weak substrates for luciferase.
Predictors and outcomes of acute humoral rejection treated with plasmapheresis in heart transplant recipients

In conclusion, recipients older than 60 did not show significant differences in long-term survival when compared to younger ones. This group showed a lower incidence of acute rejection, but diabetes mellitus was more frequent among them. On the contrary, the subgroup of patients older than 65 showed a significantly lower survival rate at 5-year follow-up when compared to the other age groups. This results support the policy of admitting selected patients up to 65 years old to HTx waiting lists, but disadvice inclusion of most patients beyond that age.
A Longitudinal Assessment of Productivity in Prominent Sociology Journals and Departmental Prestige

This paper tests the theory of cumulative advantage and disadvantage as it applies to the productivity and prestige of academic departments within sociology. The theory suggests that past perceptions of departmental prestige and cumulative records of faculty productivity are of greater significance than more recent levels of productivity in determining their perceived level of eminence within the discipline; a phenomenon due to the accumulation of past performance and recognition over time. The paper employs two widely disseminated measures of departmental eminence: the 1966 Cartter Report rankings and the 1982 Conference Boards assessments. Measures of departmental productivity are derived from cumulative publication histories of departments between 1936 and 1989 in three preeminent sociological journals; namely, theAmerican Sociological Review, American Journal of Sociology, andSocial Forces. The paper finds that while past accomplishments do not bear importantly on current perceptions of departmental prestige after controlling for the level of productivity maintained during the preceding decade, prior perceptions of prestige are strongly associated with current rankings. In addition, past perceptions of academic prestige are found to be highly stable, thereby creating the potential for a stratification hierarchy that allows for little mobility over time.
Reaction of Human Choriomammotropin with Hydrogen Peroxide

Treatment of human choriomammotropin with hydrogen peroxide in the absence of denaturant was found to oxidize five of its six methionine residues to sulfoxide; the residue not oxidized was found to be methionine-170. This derivative was identical to the native hormone by exclusion chromatography, circular dichroism spectra, and rate of tryptic digestion, but suffered a very substantial drop in biological activity. In the presence of 8 M urea all of the methionines could be oxidized with hydrogen peroxide or alkylated with iodoacetic acid. The physical properties of these completely methionine-modified derivatives were significantly changed and biological activity had again been very substantially decreased. In control experiments, treatment of the native hormone with 8 M urea did not affect its physical, spectral or biological properties. Amino acid analysis of the derivatives was completely in accord with that expected.
TARD AND DE BONNE HEURE COMPARED WITH EN RETARD AND EN AVANCE

Author's summary.—Tard and en retard, de bonne heure and en avance have almost become class-room bugaboos. It is the purpose of this article to analyze the main difficulties presented by these expressions and to give some hints of practical interest to teachers of French.
RXTE Observations of the X-Ray Binary 2S 0114+650

Observations from the proportional counter array experiment on board the Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer (RXTE) of the temporal and spectral properties of the high-mass X-ray binary 2S 0114+650 are reported. We find highly variable X-ray emission modulated at a period of 2.73 hr. The temporal results indicate that 2S 0114+650 is the slowest neutron star rotator presently known. Spectral analysis reveals parameters typical of a high-mass X-ray binary system having an absorbed power law with an index of about 1.3 with a high-energy cutoff at approximately 8 keV. The introduction of a fluorescent iron line at 6.4 keV allowed better spectral fits, particularly during low states of emission. We have also determined that the intensity of 2S 0114+650 is strongly attenuated during part of the orbit, which makes it a member of the small class of eclipsing massive X-ray binaries.
Prodrug bioactivation and oncolysis of diffuse liver metastases by a herpes simplex virus 1 mutant that expresses the CYP2B1 transgene

BACKGROUND Herpes simplex virus 1 (HSV-1) infection of cancer cells results in viral replication with cell destruction and liberation of progeny virion that infect adjacent tumor cells. rRp450 is a novel replication-conditional HSV-1 mutant that expresses both the endogenous herpes viral thymidine kinase gene and the rat p450 CYP2B1 transgene; p450 bioactivates such cancer prodrugs as cyclophosphamide. METHODS Viral cytotoxicity and replication assays were performed in colon carcinoma cells as well as primary human hepatocytes. For in vivo studies, diffuse liver metastases were generated by inoculating MC26 cells into the portal system of BALB/c mice. Mice were treated with control media, rRp450, or rRp450 plus cyclophosphamide. RESULTS Cytopathic effects induced by rRp450 replication in colon carcinoma cells were equivalent to those induced by wild type HSV-1 in vitro. Assays developed to separate cytotoxicity mediated by viral replication from cytotoxicity mediated by chemotherapy confirmed that HSV-1 thymidine kinase bioactivates ganciclovir and CYP2B1 bioactivates cyclophosphamide in rRp450-infected cells. rRp450 mediated cytotoxicity in the presence of cyclophosphamide was increased by 21% to 30% above that achieved by viral replication alone. Cyclophosphamide bioactivation produced bystander killing of colon carcinoma cells but not hepatocytes. In contrast to these effects of cyclophosphamide, rRp450 mediated cytotoxicity was reduced in the presence of ganciclovir. These findings are explained by further experiments showing that bioactivation of cyclophosphamide only minimally affected HSV-1 replication in colon carcinoma cells, whereas bioactivation of ganciclovir markedly attenuated HSV-1 replication. In vivo studies revealed a substantial decrease in hepatic tumor burden in all rRp450-treated animals compared to controls. The addition of cyclophosphamide augmented rRp450's in vivo anti-neoplastic effect. CONCLUSIONS The rRp450 mutant HSV-1 is highly oncolytic against colon carcinoma cells both in vitro and in vivo. rRp450 displays preferential replication in colon carcinoma cells compared to normal hepatocytes. Activation of cyclophosphamide by the p450 transgene augmented the anti-neoplastic effects of rRp450 without simultaneously decreasing viral replication. Oncolysis induced by HSV-1 replication combined with cyclophosphamide prodrug activation warrants further investigation as a potential therapy for colon carcinoma liver metastases. Cancer 2002;95:1171–81. © 2002 American Cancer Society. DOI 10.1002/cncr.10776
Preservation of Photoreceptor Morphology and Function in P23H Rats Using an Allele Independent Ribozyme

To develop an allele independent ribozyme for the treatment of autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (ADRP) associated with mutations in the rhodopsin (RHO) gene, a ribozyme targeting dog, mouse, human but not rat rhodopsin (RHO) mRNA was designed and tested in vitro. Activity of this ribozyme was tested in tissue culture by co-transfection of HEK 293 cells with plasmids expressing opsin mRNA and ribozyme, followed by quantitative RT-PCR to evaluate the level of RHO mRNA. For experiments in vivo, Rz525 driven by the mouse opsin proximal promoter was inserted in plasmids with AAV 2 terminal repeats (TR) and packaged in AAV serotype 5 capsids. AAV-Rz525 was injected subretinally into the right eyes of P23H rat pups. Left eyes were injected with virus expressing GFP from the identical promoter. Animals were analyzed at 4, 8 and 12 weeks post-injection by full field scotopic electroretinography (ERG). After 12 weeks, animals were sacrificed and retinas were dissected, fixed and sectioned. Rz525 had high catalytic activity in vitro and led to a 50% reduction of RHO mRNA in cells. AAV-Rz525 injection into P23H transgenic rats led to significant preservation (about 50%) of scotopic ERG a- and b-wave amplitudes. Histological analysis showed an increased number of ONL nuclei in the central and superior retina of treated eyes relative to control eyes. RT-PCR analysis revealed 46% reduction of transgenic (mouse) RHO mRNA in right eyes relative to left eyes and no change in rat RHO mRNA. AAV5 delivery of Rz525 resulted in a partial rescue of the light response and structural preservation of photoreceptors in transgenic rats. This ribozyme may be a useful component of an RNA replacement gene therapy for ADRP.
Choice Criteria Model for Selecting Live-Case Marketing Research Class Projects

This article provides a two-stage model for selecting clients for live-case marketing research class projects. After research design requirements have been met, the importance and probability of benefit to students, clients, instructors and the institution can be calculated to derive a weighted expected value score for potential projects. Examples are evaluated.
Effects of nutrient subsidies from groundwater to nearshore marine ecosystems off the island of Hawaii

Nonconservative fluxes of dissolved nutrients (Si, N and P) in groundwater and nearshore ocean water off two golf courses (Keauhou and Waikoloa) on the west coast of Hawaii were estimated using a one-dimensional mixing model. Groundwater flowing under the Keauhou course discharges into a semi-enclosed embayment with restricted circulation. Leaching of 10% of the N from golf course fertilizer accounted for an increase in groundwater N flux to the bay of 116%; leaching of 1% of the P from fertilizer accounted for an increase in groundwater P flux of 22%. Uptake of Si, N and P was not measurable within the bay; a buoyant surface layer (1 m thick) did not come into contact with benthic communities, and nutrient uptake by plankton was limited to no greater than 2% of the N and P delivered by groundwater flux. At Waikoloa, leaching of N and P from golf course fertilizers accounted for an increase in groundwater nutrient flux to brackish ponds near the coastline of 229% and 400%, respectively. Waikoloa is located on an exposed coastline with substantial turbulent mixing throughout the water column. Nutrient subsidies from golf course fertilizers were not distinguishable from natural groundwater input, and uptake of N in the nearshore zone equaled 80% of the groundwater flux at the shoreline. On a mass delivery basis, natural and anthropogenic nutrient fluxes to the nearshore ocean appear sufficient to cause alteration to community function and structure. Such effects, however, are not solely responses to nutrient loading. Consideration of physical processes, along with use of conservative tracers can provide a practical method for quantifying these effects of man's activities on the ocean.
Conforming Behavior and the J-Curve Hypothesis

(1941). Conforming Behavior and the J-Curve Hypothesis. The Journal of Social Psychology: Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 109-118.
Determinism and randomness in fluvial geomorphology

During the past 20 years, a controversy, or at least a difference of opinion, has developed over the relative merits of deterministic and random models in fluvial geomorphology. A survey of the literature indicates that there are actually two distinct approaches that make use of stochastic concepts. As all three groups draw upon physical principles to a considerable extent, the origin and development of deterministic and stochastic disciplines in physics are reviewed and illustrated with some simple examples. The information obtained is then used to examine the scientific content of the claims put forward by the three groups and to make some judgment of their validity. Fluvial geomorphology involves the study of several complex and interrelated processes, such as chemical weathering, erosion, soil creep, sediment transport and deposition, development and maintenance of stream networks, and channel hydraulics. It is clearly very difficult to obtain detailed quantitative explanations of such processes. Consequently, a number of authors, beginning with Leopold and Langbein [1962], have proposed that stochastic methods could be used to advantage in many instances. During the past 20 years, a controversy, or at least a difference of opinion, has developed over the relative merits of deterministic and stochastic models in fluvial geomorphology.
Precision measurement of the ground-state hyperfine constant ofMg+25

The ground-state hyperfine constant $A$ and the nuclear-to-electronic $g$-factor ratio $\frac{{g}_{I}}{{g}_{J}}$ of $^{25}\mathrm{Mg}^{+}$ have been measured by a laser optical-pumping double-resonance technique. The ions were stored in a Penning trap at a magnetic field of about 1 T. The results are $A=\ensuremath{-}596.254 376(54)$ MHz and $\frac{{g}_{I}}{{g}_{J}}=9.299 484(75)\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{\ensuremath{-}5}$. The magnetic field at the ions was stabilized by servoing it to an ($\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{I}=0$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{J}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$) electronic Zeeman transition. Other hyperfine ($\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{I}=\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}1$, $\ensuremath{\Delta}{m}_{J}=0$) transitions were detected while the field was thus stabilized. The derivative of the $({m}_{I},{m}_{J})=(\frac{\ensuremath{-}3}{2}, \frac{1}{2}) \mathrm{to} (\frac{\ensuremath{-}1}{2}, \frac{1}{2})$ transition frequency with respect to magnetic field ${B}_{0}$ goes to zero at ${B}_{0}\ensuremath{\simeq}1.24$ T. The corresponding resonance was observed at this field with linewidths as small as 0.012 Hz ($Q=2.4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}{10}^{10}$) by implementing the Ramsey interference method with two coherent rf pulses separated in time by up to 41.4 s.
GIS based multi-criteria assessment of tidal stream power potential: A case study for Georgia, USA

A multi-criteria assessment methodology that accounts for the physical, environmental and socioeconomic constraints is proposed to assist in the selection of the most suitable locations for tidal stream power conversion projects. For this purpose, the tidal stream power resource data are incorporated into a Geographical Information System (GIS) database together with datasets that are related to different aspects of the site selection methodology. The proposed method is applied to the Georgia coast to find and rank the best locations for power conversion. The suitable areas are narrowed down to a subset of the high power density areas that satisfy the constraints of a tidal stream power conversion scheme. A demonstrative ranking procedure with equal weighting factors for all criteria shows that the Savannah, Ogeeche, Canoochee and Medway Rivers and the Cumberland Sound have the best locations for tidal power conversion on the coast of Georgia. This methodology is also applicable to other sites where sufficient geospatial data are available.
Hepatosplenic cat-scratch fever

A 12-year-old boy presented with a 3-week history of progressive right submandibular swelling, fever, and 4·5 kg weight loss. His pediatrician prescribed a 10-day course of co-trimoxazole for bacterial lymphadenitis on illness day 5. Owing to the lack of improvement, the patient saw an otolaryngologist who recommended a 5-day regimen of azithromycin for suspected cat-scratch disease on illness day 14. Serological studies for Bartonella spp were submitted. The mass continued to increase in size, fever persisted, and right-sided abdominal pain as well as bilateral shoulder ache developed. The patient was hospitalised, had incision and drainage of the mass, and intravenous clindamycin (10 mg/kg every 8 h). More than 10 mL of haemopurulent fl uid was collected, but Gram stain was negative and cultures processed using routine media were sterile. When the infectious diseases service was consulted and upon further questioning, the patient recalled being injured on his lip by a kitten that his 3-year-old brother had thrown at his face almost 2 months before. Physical examination identifi ed a healing papule on the buccal surface of the upper lip (fi gure), and tenderness to palpation of the right upper abdominal quadrant. Follow-up on the serologies done previously at a nonreference laboratory revealed qualitative IgG and IgM titres positive for Bartonella henselae. An abdominal ultrasound revealed hepatosplenomegaly with multiple hepatic and splenic hypoechoic lesions. The patient was subsequently discharged to complete a 14-day treatment with oral rifampicin. At follow up, 1 month later, he was fully recovered. Quantitative serum antibodies analysed by the Texas Department of Health were positive for Bartonella quintana (1:32 768) and B henselae (1:2048). Hepatosplenic cat-scratch disease commonly presents as fever of unknown origin or persistent abdominal pain after a symptom-free period following intimate contact with a kitten. Signifi cant serological cross-reactivity exists between Bartonella species. Antibiotic treatment may decrease the duration of fever and other symptoms such as abdominal pain.
COHERENT EXCITATION BY A MODULATED PARTICLE BEAM.

I t has recent ly been shown by SCHWARZ and HORA (~) tha t an electron beam which has been modula ted by a laser can emi t monochromat ic radia t ion at the laser f requency dur ing a subsequent scat ter ing process. The laser has the effect of s t imula t ing the emission and absorpt ion of photons by indiv idual electrons in the beam in such a way tha t there are phase correlat ions f rom electron to electron. I n a previous work (2) we have ind ica ted the re levance of these correlat ions to the enhancement of the crosssection at the laser frequency in the Schwarz-Hora exper iment . The purpose of this no te is to poin t out t ha t there should exist a whole class of unusual effects of which the Schwarz-Hora effect is bu t one example. These effects can arise in the scat ter ing of any beam whose t r e a t m e n t has been such as to in t roduce par t ic le-par t ic le phase correlat ions in to the s ta te of the beam. In the following we give a general theore t ica l derivat ion of the contr ibut ion to a t ransi t ion probabi l i ty due to such correlations. Since we wish to describe par t ic le-par t ic le correlat ion effects, i t is necessary t h a t we consider the beam as a single quan tum state even though the part icles in the beam need no t in te rac t w i th the t a rge t s imul taneously nor among themselves . Accordingly, we use a Hanf i l tonian which describes the in terac t ion of a ta rge t system (s) wi th a beam of ~V particles,
Nonlinear Theory of Turboalternators Part I: Magnetic Fields at No-Load and Balanced Loads

The method of finding flux plots in the cross section of salient pole rotating machines is extended to large, internally cooled turbogenerators. The relaxation procedure used by the authors in former papers [1,2,3] is assumed to be known to the reader and is not reviewed here. The grid systems for the partial differential equations are described in detail for a Westinghouse Electric Corp. 200 MVA, 15 kV, wye-connected, four-pole, 1,500 r/min, 50 Hz generator. Flux plots in the cross section of the alternator and the distribution of the radial magnetic induction on the stator bore are determined at no-load, three-phase short circuit, and at balanced lagging and leading loads. Available test data compare well with calculated results.
The use of hypnosis with children with deviant voices

Abstract Hypnosis was used with 18 children aged 4 years, 7 months to 10 years, 1 month, with a mean age of 6 years, 8 months. All children had deviant voices-7 had vocal nodules, 4 had hypertrophy of the vocal bands, 5 had normal larynges, and 2 could not be visualized adequately. All but 1 of the children responded by entering some degree of trance state. The younger children responded better when eye closure was not suggested. Post-therapy judgments of voice quality and laryngeal examinations showed that only 2 had shown no improvement. These 2 were the least responsive to hypnosis. Factors thought to be important in influencing the children's responses are discussed.
The influence of molecular orientation on organic bulk heterojunction solar cells

X-ray scattering experiments indicate that the molecular orientation at the interfaces of bulk heterojunction organic solar cells influences the cells’ fill factor and short-circuit current.