cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
The metabolic response to pentazocine as a supplement to balanced anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery.

PENTAZOCINE (TALwIN| is the N-dimethylallyl analogue of phenazocine. It has weak narcotic antagonistic effects as well as moderately strong analgesic properties when given either by mouth or parenterally3 During the past five years, pentazocine has undergone clinical trials and appears to provide satisfactory analgesia in a broad range of pain syndromes? -4 Originally, the dose recommended for parenteral administration was two to three times that of morphine 6 but, with more experience, it appeared that three to five times was a more realistic requirement. This higher dose level had some disadvantages. ~ Following a careful study in animals and in human volunteers, 7-1~ it appeared to us that pentazocine might be useful as a supplement to balanced anaesthesia because it was claimed that it seldom caused addiction, and both respiratory depression and psychic side effects were not prominent, n-~4 This report deals with our clinical evaluation of pentazocine as a supplement to balanced anaesthesia for major abdominal surgery in relatively poor-risk patients. MATElalALS AND METHODS Clinical management Informed consent for the study was obtained from each patient. Premedication was with atropine 0.3 mg and scopolamine 0.3 mg subcutaneously one hour before surgery. Upon arrival in the operating room, blood samples were drawn, an electrocardiogram recording taken, and an intravenous infusion of lactated Ringer's solution started. After vital signs were obtained and recorded, 30 patients were induced with repeated serial intravenous injections of 30 mg pentazocine at one- to two-minute intervals. When an alteration in vital signs (respiration, blood pressure or state of awareness) indicated drug effect, nitrous oxide-oxygen (2--3:1) by face mask was introduced until the patient was judged to be anaesthetized. Succinylcholine (100 mg) was then administered intravenously and endotracheal intubation was accomplished. The patient was then connected to a mechanical respirator set to produce a tidal volume of 10 ml/kg at a rate of 15 to 18 per minute. During maintenance, pentazocine was administered intravenously in 30 mg increments. A dilute infusion of succinylcholine (0.1 per cent) was used to maintain muscle relaxation. Whole blood or packed red cells and electrolyte infusions were administered as indicated. No dextrose solution was given. Pentazocine and succinylcholine administration were discontinued as soon as the abdominal fascia was closed.
Coherent phonon dynamics in exciton self-trapping in the strong coupling limit

We probe the coupled electronic and lattice dynamics of exciton self-trapping in a strongly coupled quasi-one-dimensional system. The coherent phonon response reveals both optical and acoustic phonon contributions to the localization dynamics.
Oral targeted therapies: managing drug interactions, enhancing adherence and optimizing medication safety in lymphoma patients.

The advent of newer, targeted oral chemotherapy medications such as small molecule kinase inhibitors, ibrutinib and idelalisib, has created additional options for the treatment of lymphoma. The targeted nature of these agents offers many patient-identified advantages over older, intravenously administered chemotherapy regimens such as ease of self-administration and an increased sense of independence. However, newer oral agents also present unique challenges not previously experienced with older therapies that may affect safety, efficacy and patient adherence. In this article, we review oral agents for the treatment of lymphoma, how to evaluate and manage drug–drug and drug–food interactions with concomitant oral medications, and issues with patient adherence as well as methods to determine adherence for oral chemotherapy.
Fixed-Pitch Propeller Selection for Light Airplanes

A numerical comparison is made between e xed-pitch propellers that either have a constant angle of attack with varying pitch or have a constant pitch ratio that has the angle of attack increasing from tip to hub. It is shown that the constant angle of attack is a better choice for low-speed light airplanes. New equations are derived for more easily determiningthevariation in bladeanglesofattack wheneitherthee ightvelocity orthepropeller’ srotational speed are changed from the design advance ratio. These equations are useful for selecting the best propeller pitch ratio for a desired performance. Finally, it is shown how the propeller’ s revolutions per minute can be varied to maintain the desirable constant angle of attack over a wider speed range.
Osteoblast proliferation or differentiation is regulated by relative strengths of opposing signaling pathways

Skeletal development requires the correct balance of osteoblast proliferation, survival, and differentiation which is modulated by a network of signaling pathways and transcription factors. We have examined the role of the AKT (PKB), and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in the osteoblast response to FGFs, which inhibit differentiation, and to IGF-1 and Wnt signaling, which promote it. Using osteoblastic cell lines as well as primary calvarial osteoblasts, we show that ERK1/2 and AKT have distinct effects in FGF-induced osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. ERK1/2 is a primary mediator of FGF-induced proliferation, but also contributes to osteoblast differentiation, while AKT is important for osteoblast survival. Signaling by IGF-1, that promotes osteoblast differentiation, strongly activates AKT and weakly ERK1/2, while the opposite results are obtained with FGF, which inhibits differentiation. By introducing a constitutively active form of AKT, we found that increased AKT activity drives osteoblasts to differentiation. Increasing the AKT signal in osteoblasts that harbor FGFR2 activating mutations, found in Crouzon (342Y) and Apert (S22W) syndromes, is also able to drive differentiation in these cells, that normally fail to differentiate. Wnt signals, that promotes differentiation, also induce AKT phosphorylation, and cells expressing active AKT have increased levels of stabilized beta-catenin, a central molecule in Wnt signaling. Our results indicate that the relative strengths of ERK and AKT signaling pathways determine whether osteoblasts are driven into proliferation or differentiation, and that the effects of AKT may be due, in part, to synergy with the Wnt pathway as well as with the Runx2 transcription factor.
Application of descriptor variables to optimal control of state-space systems

A method based on descriptor variables is developed for calculation of a control satisfying preset initial and terminal boundary conditions that drives the state of a linear time-invariant system from a fixed initial vector to a fixed terminal vector. The proposed method is applied to the system's minimum-energy open-loop optimal control problem. >
Verbal mediation in paired-associate and serial learning

Summary On the basis of circumstantial evidence gleaned largely from the recent literature on transfer between paired-associate (PA) and serial learning, it was hypothesized that one difference between PA and serial learning involves the relative importance of verbal mediational processes. It was suggested that mediated associative processes play a more prominent role in PA learning than in serial learning. The S s used to investigate this hypothesis were mentally retarded adults, in whom the tendency spontaneously to use verbal mediators seemed to be minimal. In Exp. I 20 S s learned PA tasks composed of pictures of common objects; they learned either with or without instructions intended to prompt the use of verbal mediation. Under mediation instructions the S s learned PA lists much faster than they did without such instructions. In Exp. II four groups of retarded S s (total N = 40), matched for IQ, were divided into four experimental conditions: (1) serial task with mediation instructions; (2) serial task without mediation instructions; (3) PA task with mediation instructions; and (4) PA task without mediation instructions. It was found that the mediation instructions greatly facilitated PA learning but had no effect whatsoever on serial learning. Retest of the same S s approximately 10 days later, without mediation instructions and using equivalent forms of the PA learning task, revealed little if any tendency for the retarded S s to retain the technique of using verbal mediation in PA learning.
Public Choice Theory and Overcriminalization

Overcriminalization is a neologism describing the overuse and misuse of the criminal justice system. Overcriminalization can take several forms — e.g., superfluous criminal statutes, undue expansion of common law accessorial liability doctrines, grossly disproportionate punishments, etc. — but the worst form that overcriminalization takes is the criminalization of conduct that no reasonable person would think is or should be a crime. Legislatures and chief executives are principally responsible for overcriminalization, because there is no opposing force in contemporary politics that would temper politicians’ desire to appear to be “tough on crime” by expanding already bloated criminal codes. The courts are the only hope for stemming or reversing the overcriminalization trend. There are several criminal law doctrines that could be used to deal with the harms of overcriminalization, such as reliance on the “rule of lenity” or recognition of a “mistake of law” defense. But the best hope may be simply for judges to identify this problem for the public and explain why they should be concerned about it. The public can halt this trend if judges can persuade the electorate that overcriminalization is a serious harm to the body politic.
Outcomes Research Generating Evidence for Best Practice and Policies

In an era of fundamental concerns about the way that health care is provided to individuals and populations, there is a need for a scientific discipline to bridge the capabilities of the medical profession and the best interests of patients and society. Assumptions about what is achieved by our healthcare system should be tested by evidence of what actually results from our efforts. Insights from the experience of patients should provide accountability for the investment in health care. Pledges of equity and fairness should be accompanied by proof that care is provided according to need and not race/ethnicity, sex, or socioeconomic status. The recognition that practical and applied knowledge was needed to guide practice and policy created an opportunity for the emergence of outcomes research. With this article, which provides a context for outcomes research, Circulation introduces a series that focuses on key topics in the field. Outcomes research is defined by its focus on the result of healthcare interventions and policies.1,2 Themes of outcomes research are well reflected by Crossing the Quality Chasm: A New Health System for the 21st Century , a book from the Institute of Medicine that focuses attention on safety, effectiveness, equity, efficiency, timeliness, and patient-centeredness as key properties of high-quality health systems.3 This taxonomy provides a convenient organization for the survey of outcomes research. Moreover, these areas also provide important targets of study and intervention. Additional emphasis is on the broad spectrum of patient outcomes in recognition that what seems best for patients and populations based on various sources of knowledge and intermediate or “proxy” outcomes often does not achieve its promise in actual practice and can occasionally produce unintended harmful consequences. The methods are broad and encompass the range of tools capable of resolving uncertainties about the outcomes of medical care. …
BMP signaling induces digit regeneration in neonatal mice

The regenerating digit tip of mice is a novel epimorphic response in mammals that is similar to fingertip regeneration in humans. Both display restricted regenerative capabilities that are amputation-level dependent. Using this endogenous regeneration model in neonatal mice, we have found that noggin treatment inhibits regeneration, thus suggesting a bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) requirement. Using non-regenerating amputation wounds, we show that BMP7 or BMP2 can induce a regenerative response. BMP-induced regeneration involves the formation of a mammalian digit blastema. Unlike the endogenous regeneration response that involves redifferentiation by direct ossification (evolved regeneration), the BMP-induced response involves endochondral ossification (redevelopment). Our evidence suggests that BMP treatment triggers a reprogramming event that re-initiates digit tip development at the amputation wound. These studies demonstrate for the first time that the postnatal mammalian digit has latent regenerative capabilities that can be induced by growth factor treatment.
Food Use in Minnesota Populations of the Topeka Shiner (Notropis topeka)

ABSTRACT We examined gut contents of 65 Topeka shiners (Notropis topeka) collected from the Rock River drainage of southwestern Minnesota in 1997. Anecdotal and unpublished information regarding food habits have suggested that the Topeka shiner is largely a benthic or nektonic insectivore. Our results show that it is an omnivore that feeds opportunistically on immature aquatic insects, several kinds of microcrustaceans and other invertebrates, larval fish, algae, vascular plant matter, and detritus. The Topeka shiner functions both as a benthic and nektonic feeder and shows strong trophic similarities to its sister species, the sand shiner (N. ludibundis).
Cyber-Fraud is One Typo Away

Spelling errors when typing a URL can be exploited by website-squatters: users are led to phony sites in a phenomenon we call parasitic URL naming. These phony sites imitate popular websites and try to extract personal information from unsuspecting users, or simply advertise and sell products to users. In this paper, we conduct a massive study in order to quantify the extent of this parasitic URL naming We start with a corpus of 900 popular websites, which we refer to as original URLs, and generate roughly 3 million URLs by varying the original names systematically and exhaustively. Over a period of 60 days, we analyze how many sites have URLs very similar to our original URLs. We find that parasitic URL naming is a wide-spread problem and quantify the extent of this issue. We believe that this work will provide the first step towards research and tools to combat web-fraud.
Effects of Purified Pseudomonas Rhamnolipids on Bioelectric Properties of Sheep Tracheal Epithelium

The effects of purified rhamnolipids from Pseudomonas aeruginosa on short circuit current in respiratory epithelium have been studied in sheep tracheal epithelium mounted in Ussing chambers under short circuit conditions. In low concentrations (100 μM) mucosal addition of rhamnolipids produces a decrease in short circuit current of 22% and in conductance of 4%. At higher concentrations (> 100 μM), large increases in tissue conductance accompany a greater reduction in short circuit current, suggesting disruption of the intercellular junctions. Serosal addition of rhamnolipids has no effect on ion transport. Pretreatment of the tissues with the sodium channel blocker amiloride (100 μM) or bathing the mucosal surface with sodium-free solution significantly decreased the rhamnolipid-induced fall in short circuit current but did not prevent it completely. Inhibition of chloride transport, sodium-glucose cotransport, and bicarbonate secretion with bumetanide, phloridzin, and acetazolamide, respectively, did not...
A novel analytic technique for the disintegration of coherent structure solutions of non-integrable and integrable nonlinear PDEs under forcing

Abstract We consider a technique for deriving exact analytic coherent structure (pulse/front/domain wall) solutions of general NLPDEs via the use of truncated invariant Painleve expansions. Coupling this to Melnikov theory, we then consider the breakdown to chaos of such analytic coherent structure solutions of the Zakharov–Kuznetsov and reaction-diffusion equations under forcing. We also demonstrate that similar treatments are possible for integrable systems (using the well-studied forced KdV equation as an example) where the soliton/kink solutions represent the homoclinic/heteroclinic structures of the reduced ODEs. A method of treating the dynamics of the system prior to the onset of chaos by the use of intrinsic harmonic balance, multiscale or direct soliton perturbation theory is briefly discussed. It is conceivable that resummation of such perturbation series via the use of Fade approximants or other techniques may enable one to analytically follow the homoclinic or heteroclinic tangling beyond the first transversal intersection of the stable and unstable manifolds and into the chaotic regime.
Increased flexural modulus and strength in SWNT/epoxy composites by a new fabrication method

A new method for preparing SWNT/epoxy nanocomposites has been developed which involves high shear mixing of the epoxy resin and SWNT and heat treating the mixture prior to introducing the hardener. The glass transition temperature of the epoxy resin is unaffected by the presence of nanotubes. An improvement of 17% in flexural modulus and 10% in flexural strength has been achieved at 0.05 wt% of nanotubes. These improvements in flexural modulus and strength are attributed to good dispersion of the nanotubes and grafting of epoxy resin to SWNT by an esterification reaction.
An Analytical Model for the Performance Evaluation of Multi-hop Wireless Networks

In multi-hop wireless networks two fundamental questions are, can multi-hop networks provide uninterrupted connectivity due to the mobility of the intermediate relay nodes and how to determine the service quality in a multi-hop network for a given network scenario. In this article we develop an analytical model to evaluate the performance of multi-hop networks. The analytical model is validated with simulation experiments carried out on NS-2.
A Survey of Contemporary Learning Theories

In the two and one-half decades from 1940 to 1965, the concepts, methods, and viewpoint of learning theory dominated the scene in psychology. There were, of course, significant and important developments in perception, the cognitive and social development of children, etc. All the same, it is a fair summary to think of these decades as the decades of the intellectual ascendancy of learning theory within psychology. This has not been true in the last decade, in fact in the period that began with the appearance of Chomsky’s review (1959) of Skinner’s Verbal Behavior (1957). The dominance of behavioristic theories of learning is certainly now over and has been for some years. The cognitive psychology of Anderson and Bower (1973), Atkinson and Wescourt (1975), Newell and Simon (1972), Rumelhart et al (1972), Schank (1972), Winograd (1972), and many others represents the high points of innovation in psychology in the past decade. The influence of Piaget in the theory of child development is consonant with this rising ascendancy of cognitive psychology. The new theories of perception that have been much influenced by work in artificial intelligence are also closely connected with the developments in cognitive psychology characteristic of the decade. The picture grammars of Rosenfeld (1971) and Shaw (1969) represent one kind of development. Another more characteristic of artificial intelligence itself is represented by the group of articles in Winston (1975).
String scanning in the ICON programming language

Nouveaux developpements dans la manipulation de chaines de caracteres. Introduction de certaines fonctionnalites dans un langage de programmation
Die physikalischen Eigenschaften der Bodenarten

Das Stoffgebiet des Teils A ist in drei Kapitel eingeteilt. Im ersten werden die ublichen Verfahren zur Unterscheidung der verschiedenen Bodenarten oder der verschiedenen Zustandsformen derselben Bodenart behandelt. Das zweite befast sich mit den hydraulischen und mechanischen Eigenschaften der Erdstoffe und mit den experimentellen Verfahren, die zur Ermittlung von Zahlenwerten fur die Kennzeichnung dieser Eigenschaften angewandt werden. Das dritte Kapitel behandelt die physikalischen Vorgange bei der Entwasserung der Erdstoffe.
The role of meteorological processes in the description of uncertainty for climate change decision-making

Downscaled climate data are available at fine spatial scales making them desirable to local climate change practitioners. However, without a description of their uncertainty, practitioners cannot know if they provide quality information. We pose that part of the foundation for the description of uncertainty is an assessment of the ability of the underlying climate model to represent the meteorological or weather-scale processes. Here, we demonstrate an assessment of precipitation processes for the Great Lakes region using the Bias Corrected and Spatially Downscaled (BCSD) Coupled Model Intercomparison Project phase 3 (CMIP3) projections. A major weakness of the underlying models is their inability to simulate the effects of the Great Lakes, which is an important issue for most global climate models. There is also uncertainty among the models in the timing of transition between dominant precipitation processes going from the warm to cool season and vice versa. In addition, warm-season convective precipitation processes very greatly among the models. From the assessment, we discuss how process-based uncertainties in the models are inherited by the downscaled projections and how bias correction increases uncertainty in cases where precipitation processes are not well represented. Implications of these findings are presented for three regional examples: lake-effect snow, the spring seasonal transition, and summertime lake-effect precipitation.
Factors of yield resilience under changing weather evidenced by a 14-year record of corn-hay yield in a 1000-cow dairy farm

Dairy farms can improve their environmental footprint by feeding more homegrown forage. As a consequence, higher yields will reduce feed imports and enhance nutrient use efficiency. To improve forage production, limitations to production need to be identified. In particular, there is a need for long-term yield records, of at least 8 years, to evaluate yield stability and production trends. Such information should allow us to identify the system with the best buffering capacity (resilience) under changing climate. Here, we analyzed 14 years of yield data from a 1000-cow dairy farm. We studied individual field yield and farm-average yields of corn silage and alfalfa and grass hay mixtures. Fields were classified in four quadrants based on yield and yield variability over time. Soil physical and chemical properties were evaluated as potential indicators of biological buffering capacity. Across all fields, corn silage yield increased from 13.3 to 17.8 Mg dry matter (DM) ha−1 between 2000 and 2013 whereas hay yield averaged 8.6 Mg DM ha−1 without a trend. Those findings are explained by timing and amount of rainfall, field drainage, soil phosphorus, and organic matter. Fields with the highest biological buffering capacity averaged 18–20 mg Morgan soil test phosphorus kg−1 and 2.9–3.2 % organic matter versus 9 mg phosphorus kg−1 and 2.7–2.8 % organic matter for low and variable-yielding fields. We suggest therefore that management practices that increase organic matter, improve drainage, and provide optimal soil fertility will result in higher and more stable yields that are less impacted by weather extremes.
Wroe Alderson’s Vision Renewed and Rehabilitated: Social Structures and Marketing Theories

Wroe Alderson, whose influence peaked in the late 1950s, embraced classic structural/functional social theory. Around the time of Alderson’s death in the 1960s, however, the homoeostatic (self regulating) nature of the then-dominant models of the social sciences declined in influence. In addition, the 4 Ps marketing management approach arose as a powerful and unifying orientation within marketing. Due to these developments, the influence of Alderson’s structural/functional model withered. Using Kenneth Boulding’s general systems framework, the value of Alderson’s vision and its ability to be rehabilitated are discussed. Because a revised Aldersonian perspective can deal with how social structures evolve, change, and respond to an evolving world, it has a bright future in marketing theory and practice.
Abstract WP72: Safety of Label- and Protocol Violations in Acute Stroke tPA Administration

Background: IV-tPA remains the only FDA approved therapy for acute ischemic stroke, however less than 10% of patients receive treatment. This is partially due to the large number of contraindications on the drug label and continued use of NINDS trial criteria for patient selection. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed consecutive patients who received IV-tPA at our stroke center for label or NINDS protocol violations, as well as safety according to the NINDS t-PA Stroke Study definition of sICH. Other outcome variables included systemic hemorrhage, mRS at discharge and disposition. Results: A total of 308 patients were identified in our tPA registry between 2009 and 2011. Ninety six patients were excluded because they received tPA at an outside facility prior to transfer, leaving 212 patients for analysis. Median patient age was 68 (IQR 55, 82), median pretreatment NIHSS score was 8 (IQR 5, 14). Protocol violations occurred in 103 patients (49%). The most common violations were tPA delivery beyond 3 hours (26%), aggressive blood pressure management with nicardipine (15%), elevated PT/PTT (6.6%), minor or resolving deficits (4.2%), unclear time of onset (3.9%) and stroke within 3 months (3%). Three patients had a history of ICH. There were no significant differences in any of the safety outcomes between patients with or without protocol violations (Table). Furthermore, after controlling for age, admission NIHSS and glucose, there was no significant increase in the rate of any hemorrhagic transformation (OR 1.046, p= 0.905) or sICH (OR 0.569, p= 0.613) in patients with protocol violations. Conclusions: Despite nearly half of patients receiving tPA off label or in violation of the NINDS protocol, overall rates of hemorrhage remained low and did not differ from those who did not have violations. Our data support the need to mitigate restrictions for IV-tPA in patients presenting with acute ischemic stroke.
He − in a magnetic field: Structure and stability

The energy of the ${\mathrm{He}}^{\ensuremath{-}}$ ion in a magnetic field is calculated using the stochastic variational method with a deformed correlated Gaussian basis. The energy levels and the stability domains are calculated and the accuracy of the approach is shown by comparison to previous calculations. The structure of these states is studied by calculating the electron-electron and electron-nucleus distances. In the weak field case, these systems have a pronounced inert He core plus a weakly bound electronlike structure. Stronger fields lead more compact systems unless the stability is lost due to level crossings.
Real Time Optical Vibrocardiography Using Image Processing

Optical remote sensing of heartbeats using image processing is reported. The system utilizes a single ccd camera, DSP and an adhered disc fiducial to realize real time measurement at rates of 13 Hz.
Effect of anion transport inhibition on mucus secretion by airway submucosal glands

To model the airway glandular defect in cystic fibrosis (CF), the effect of anion secretion blockers on submucosal gland mucus secretion was investigated. Porcine distal bronchi were isolated, pret...
Geographic analysis of earthquake damage in Turkey between 1900 and 2012

ABSTRACTThis study investigates the relationship between fatality and magnitude, energy released, time of earthquake occurrence and building damage, and between building damage and magnitude and energy of earthquakes that occurred in Turkey between 1900 and 2012. Patterns of earthquake occurrence and damage are examined across space and time. Ninety-one per cent and eighty-three per cent of the variation in fatality and building damage are accounted for by the energy released from an earthquake, respectively. Building damage explains 85% of the variation in fatality. Seventy-six per cent of the total death toll is a result of the earthquakes that happened between midnight and 5:22 am. There were two significant clusters of earthquakes in Western Turkey between 1955 and 1965 and between 1969 and 1971. Provinces of Erzincan and Kocaeli emerge as hot spots of fatality and building damage. The location of major earthquakes over 112 years tends to parallel the tectonically active areas of Turkey such as the No...
Design of a Low Inductance Power Module Based on Low Temperature Co-fired Ceramic

Abstract Efficient, compact, and reliable power electronic modules are building blocks of modern day power electronic systems. In recent times, wide bandgap semiconductor devices, such as, silicon carbide (SiC) and gallium nitride (GaN), are widely investigated and used in the power electronic modules to realize power dense, highly efficient, and fast switching modules for various applications. For high power applications is it required to parallel and series several devices to achieve high current and high voltage specifications, which results in larger current conducting traces. One of the major obstacles in using these wideband gap power semiconductor devices are the internal module stray inductance that is associated with these current conducting traces. With increasing demand for higher switching frequency, the internal module parasitic inductance must be reduced to as minimum as possible in order to utilize the full potential of the wide bandgap devices. A multi-layer approach of low-temperature co-...
Abstract 341: GsMTx4-D is a Cardioprotectant against Myocardial Infarction during Ischemia and Reperfusion

Rationale: GsMTx4 peptide is a selective inhibitor of cation selective mechanosensitive ion channels (MSCs) and has helped establish the role of MSCs in cardiac physiology. However, the role of MSCs in ischemic reperfusion injury was unknown. Cation imbalance appears to be a major contributor to ischemic reperfusion injury across multiple systems. MSCs may be significant contributors to the cation overload, and they are likely to be activated in reperfusion due to inhomogeneous local stresses and compromised mechanical support of the sarcolemma. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine if the D enantiomer of GsMTx4 can act as a cardioprotectant during ischemia/reperfusion in mice. Methods and Results: GsMTx4-D pharmacokinetics in the plasma and heart was monitored over 24 hrs using an LCMSMS assay. Ischemia and reperfusion in the mouse heart involved ligating a coronary artery for 20 min followed by release of the ligature. GsMTx4-D was administered by either acute intravenous injection during th...
Analysis and Treatment of Incorrect Connection Fault in Power Energy Measuring Circuit

An incorrect connection fault in the power energy measuring circuit of startup transformer in a power plant is introduced.After analysis modification suggestions are proposed to prevent such fault.According to problems found in the fault,solution to overcome paradox between field verification of low load meter and verification time is proposed,which can make filed verification of energy meter more operable and provide better service for security operation of power grid.
Improved DNA profiles from aged horse feces using pressure cycling technology

Feces represent an easily available, non-invasive source of DNA. Often DNA extraction from feces is compounded with contamination, dietary inhibitors and primarily low quantity and poor quality of host DNA. In an effort to improve host DNA recovery from fecal samples, a new DNA extraction methods was developed. The objectives of this project was to use non-invasive sampling techniques of feces from domestic horses, provide a viable protocol for an improved DNA extraction, and genotype using six equine microsatellite on feces aged for 6 days. The technique used a modified Qiagen® DNA Stool Mini Kit protocol (Q) with pressure cycling technology (PCT). The DNA yield using PCT extraction was five fold greater as compared to the Q. The PCT mediated Qiagen (Q + PCT) technique yielded complete (six loci) equine DNA profiles of 100 % samples ≤2 days old, 90 % at 4 days and 60 % at 6 days post defecation. The results indicated that the Q + PCT increased DNA yield, and thereby increased the likelihood of obtaining an equine DNA profile from aged fecal samples. Using ML-RELATE analyses, the profiles obtained from the six equine loci could also be used for kinship analysis. Samples aged up to Day 6 as well as pasture samples with unknown days since defecation were successful in individualization of the contributors and could also be used to analyze kinship. The Q + PCT method should prove to be an extremely useful and reliable method for conservation or forensic cases where fecal matter may be the only sample available for analyses.
Disturbing the People’s Peace: Patriotism and “Respectable” Racism in British Responses to Rhodesian Independence

On the morning of November 11, 1965, the Rhodesian Broadcasting Company enjoined listeners to stand by for a radio address from Ian Smith, head of the Rhodesian Front Party and Prime Minister of the self-governing British colony that would become Zimbabwe in 1979. That afternoon, at 1:15, Smith went on the air and announced that his cabinet had just issued a Unilateral Declaration of Independence (UDI) from Britain. Citing a “paralyzing state of uncertainty” created by nationalist agitation and communist insurgencies throughout Africa, Smith declared that there could be “no future” for Rhodesia while it drifted in “constitutional twilight”.1 Unlike Britain’s Labour government, committed in Smith’s view to the steady transfer of power to Soviet-backed African nationalists throughout the continent, the Rhodesian Front (RF) “rejected the doctrinaire philosophy of appeasement and surrender”.2 Rhodesians, he asserted, would stand in defence of European civilization, democracy and free enterprise (these often conflated in Smith’s UDI address and other RF pronouncements), “fortified by the same strength and courage” that had distinguished Rhodesia’s founding pioneers.3
Fine-Tuning Summer Research Programs to Promote Underrepresented Students’ Persistence in the STEM Pathway

This study documents the impact of Leadership Alliance Summer Research Early Identification Program components on students’ research skills knowledge and career pathway planning in relation to stud...
Self-Immobilization of Car9 Fusion Proteins within High Surface Area Silica Sol-Gels and Dynamic Control of Protein Release.

Protein entrapment within silica matrices during sol–gel formation is an effective way of producing biocatalysts with high load, activity retention, and minimal leaching. On the other hand, mesoporous silica materials have been favored for diffusional control of protein delivery because of their regular pore size and morphology and in spite of the drawback of requiring post-synthesis loading with cargo proteins. Here, we describe a hybrid technology in which fusion of the silica-binding Car9 dodecapeptide to model fluorescent proteins allows for their simultaneous entrapment and surface immobilization within sol–gel monoliths that can be fabricated in air and oil phases. Spherical particles produced by injecting a mixture of silicic acid and Car9-tagged proteins in silicone oil exhibit high surface area (>400 m2/g), 15-nm-diameter mean pore size and homogeneous protein loading. Incubation in arginine-containing buffer disrupts the interaction between Car9 extensions and silica surfaces and triggers the co...
CD19 Targeted Allogeneic EBV-Specific T Cells for the Treatment of Relapsed ALL in Pediatric Patients Post HSCT

Abstract 353 T cells can be genetically modified to target tumor antigens through the expression of a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR). CAR modified T cells targeting the CD19 antigen is a novel therapeutic approach for patients with relapse B-ALL following allo-HSCT. We have previously demonstrated donor derived Epstein-Barr virus specific cytotoxic T cells (EBV-CTLs) can be safely infused in patients following allo-HSCT. Following retroviral gene transfer with our CD19-specific CAR (19–28z), EBV-CTLs demonstrate in vitro cytotoxicity against CD19+ targets, retain EBV-specificity without allogeneic reactivity, and in vivo, eradicate systemic Burkitt lymphoma in a SCID/Beige murine model. Based on our preclinical studies we have initiated a phase I dose escalation clinical trial (NCT01430390) in pediatric patients with relapsed CD19+ B-ALL following allo-HSCT utilizing donor 19–28z+ EBV-CTLs. Three patients have received conditioning chemotherapy (fludarabine 25mg/m2 × 5 days) followed by infusion of CAR modified EBV-CTLs without infusion related toxicity. Subsequently, patient 1 and 3 safely received additional T cell infusions without (patient 1) and with (patient 3; cyclophosphamide) conditioning chemotherapy. Total CAR+ T cell dose for each infusion ranged from 1.4 – 4.1×105 cells/kg (1×106 total EBV-CTLs/kg per infusion). Patient 1 developed fever and biopsy proven skin GVHD (grade II) three days following his first infusion which resolved 2 weeks after starting topical steroids. Modified T cells were detected by Q-PCR in the bone marrow and peripheral blood up to 3 and 18 weeks respectively in patient 1 following first infusion, up to 2 weeks in the peripheral blood in patient 2, and have been below the limit of detection in patient 3. Patient 1 died from progressive disease 29 weeks following first infusion and patient 2 died from progressive disease 19 weeks post infusion. Patient 3, initially treated in remission following salvage chemotherapy, has no evidence of disease (NED) 15 months after last extramedullary relapse and 5 months post first infusion of 19–28z+ EBV-CTLs. These early results demonstrate the feasibility of allogeneic 1928z+ EBV-CTL infusions without the development of significant GVHD post allo-HSCT. Subsequent cohorts of patients will receive dose escalation of modified T cells and will be evaluated for safety, persistence of 19–28z+ EBV-CTLs, and for anti-tumor efficacy. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
The Colossal and Grotesque: The Aesthetics of German Orientalism in Kant and Hegel

Germana places the discourse of German orientalism within the context of the epistemological, moral, theological, and political debates central to Kantian and post-Kantian philosophy. He argues that an examination of Kant’s and Hegel’s aesthetics is revealing of the essentially gendered nature of this discourse and the anxiety at its basis. Both thinkers, he contends, articulate a narrative of the teleological progression of reason that was simultaneously a construction of modern European masculinity. The goal of this rational development is the elevation of human beings above the immediacy of nature and the senses, exemplified by women and the Orient. He concludes by placing this discourse within the historical context of Kant’s and Hegel’s struggles against the orientalist enthusiasm of the Sturm und Drang and Early Romanticism.
Engaging College Students by Singing the Science.

Setting scientific ideas to music can increase student engagement and help with memorization. However, some instructors may be intimidated by the thought of performing educational music for their STEM students, or concerned that it is frivolous. To address this issue, I spell out step by step protocols for either writing one’s own parody songs to teach specific concepts, or finding songs online (which can be used directly or modified). I also discuss presentation techniques that help students, such as showing lyrics and adding annotations that clarify or emphasize ideas. A survey suggests that this approach is appreciated and effective.
Changes in mechanical work during neural adaptation to asymmetric locomotion.

Minimizing whole-body metabolic cost has been suggested to drive the neural processes of locomotor adaptation. Mechanical work performed by the legs should dictate the major changes in whole-body metabolic cost of walking while providing greater insight into temporal and spatial mechanisms of adaptation. We hypothesized that changes in mechanical work by the legs during an asymmetric split-belt walking adaptation task could explain previously observed changes in whole-body metabolic cost. We predicted that subjects would immediately increase mechanical work performed by the legs when first exposed to split-belt walking, followed by a gradual decrease throughout adaptation. Fourteen subjects walked on a dual-belt instrumented treadmill. Baseline trials were followed by a 10-min split-belt adaptation condition with one belt running three times faster than the other. A post-adaptation trial with both belts moving at 0.5 m s-1 demonstrated neural adaptation. As predicted, summed mechanical work from both legs initially increased abruptly and gradually decreased over the adaptation period. The initial increase in work was primarily due to increased positive work by the leg on the fast belt during the pendular phase of the gait cycle. Neural adaptation in asymmetric split-belt walking reflected the reduction of pendular phase work in favor of more economical step-to-step transition work. This may represent a generalizable framework for how humans initially and chronically learn new walking patterns.
Method Development for Monitoring Bean Leaf Beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), Susceptibility to Thiamethoxam Seed Treatments on Soybeans1

The increased use of thiamethoxam seed treatments for controlling pests such as the bean leaf beetle, Cerotoma trifurcata (Forster) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), suggests the need for methods to measure and monitor the development of resistance to thiamethoxam. The objectives of this study were to develop a bioassay method that can be used to monitor bean leaf beetle susceptibility to thiamethoxam, and to quantify the relative concentrations of thiamethoxam and clothianidin in early growth stage soybean tissue treated with thiamethoxam as a seed treatment. Overwintered and F1 bean leaf beetles were collected from alfalfa and soybean fields and used in excised soybean leaf laboratory bioassays to measure susceptibility to thiamethoxam. Petioles of excised leaves were immersed in 0, 10, 50, 100, 500 and 1000 ng a.i./ml thiamethoxam solutions, beetles were placed on the leaves, and beetle mortality and defoliation levels were recorded. The bioassay method proved adequate to calculate an LC50 and LC90, and an EC50 based on defoliation level. The quantification of insecticide residues in soybean leaves from different vegetative stages indicates that the thiamethoxam concentration declines rapidly as the plant grows, and concentrations are at lethal levels for bean leaf beetles through V2. These results provide a method for monitoring bean leaf beetle susceptibility to thiamethoxam that is more representative of the pathway of exposure encountered by beetles in the field, particularly with respect to seed treatments, and provides an estimate of baseline susceptibility for future thiamethoxam resistance monitoring efforts.
Stability of Large-Scale Hereditary Systems Under Structural Perturbations

Abstract The concept of connective stability is extended for large-scale functional systems under structural perturbation. Furthermore, sufficient conditions are given for this kind of stability by employing the decomposition-aggregation method in the framework of vector Lyapunov functions and functionals.
Exchanging Identifiable Health Information Among Health Departments: A Route Through the Legal Maze

An introduction is presented in which the author discusses an article in the journal dealing with data sharing and identifiable health information laws, and it mentions American health departments, public health, and the U.S. Health Insurance Privacy and Portability Act Privacy Rule.
Quantifying geographic range measures and their utility as extinction risk proxies

Geographic range is used as a correlate of extinction risk for extant and extinct organisms across the fields of conservation and paleobiology. However, the exact method used to measure geographic range, the biases, and the limitations of each are rarely discussed explicitly despite their potential to impact conclusions. Here I examine and quantify properties of five commonly used measures of geographic range (convex hull area, maximum pairwise great circle distance, latitudinal range, longitudinal range, and cell count) along with a rarely used measure (minimum spanning tree distance) in the context of three datasets. A simulated dataset of two shapes with known areal limits, a paleontological occurrence dataset of pre-Cenozoic brachiopod genera from the Paleobiology Database (PBDB), and 50000 occurrence records of birds species in the western hemisphere from the eBird database. Simulated distributions indicate that when a distribution is simple (i.e. a rectangle) all measures are similarly accurate and precise at varying sample sizes and all measures converge toward the true value with increasing sample size. However, given a more complex distribution (i.e. horseshoe shape) the convex hull area becomes increasingly inaccurate as sample size increases even as it becomes more precise. Within the PBDB dataset the minimum spanning tree was heavily favored by Akaike Information Criterion as the most effective predictor of extinction risk. Analysis of the eBird data set indicated differences between IUCN Red List Categories were significant for all geographic range measures. Overall, these results suggest that for the purpose of categorical comparisons, such as those between victims and survivors of an extinction event, all six geographic range measures are interchangeable. However, the magnitude of the relationship between geographic range and extinction risk is strongly dependent on the choice of measure. Simple linear measures, such as latitudinal range, were relatively poor predictors while minimum spanning tree and cell count measures were strong predictors, especially after sampling was accounted for. The minimum spanning tree measure was found to perform at the same level or better than most other measures with the main drawback being that it is computationally expensive.
Bi-exponential 3D-T1ρ mapping of whole brain at 3 T

Detection of multiple relaxation pools using MRI is useful in a number of neuro-pathologies including multiple sclerosis (MS), Alzheimer’s, and stroke. In this study we evaluate the feasibility of using T1ρ imaging for the detection of bi-exponential decays in the human brain. A prospective T1ρ imaging study was performed on model relaxation phantoms (eggs) and 7 healthy volunteers. The data was fitted using a single pool and a 2-pool model to estimate mono- and bi-exponential T1ρ maps, respectively. Bi-exponential decays were identified in the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM) of the brain with 40.5% of GM, and 65.1% of WM pixels showing two T1ρ relaxation pools (significance level P < 0.05). Detection of T1ρ based bi-exponential decays in the brain provides complimentary information to T2 based contrast regarding the in vivo micro-environment in the brain.