cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Oxytocin Receptor Regulation and Action in a Human Granulosa-Lutein Cell Line

Although oxytocin and its receptor have been identified in human ovary, its regulatory role in granulosa cell or corpus luteum function has not been clearly defined. To better understand oxytocin action in the human ovary, we have characterized the expression and function of oxytocin receptors in an immortalized human granulosa-lutein cell line, HGL5. Expression of oxytocin receptor mRNA was demonstrated by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction analysis, and by specific binding of an iodinated oxytocin antagonist (apparent dissociation constant of 131 +/- 0.15 pM, and a B(max) of 12 +/- 0.5 fmol/microg DNA). Receptor levels were down-regulated by serum starvation, and rapidly up-regulated by serum restoration. Stimulation of protein kinase C activity increased oxytocin receptor levels in a concentration-dependent manner. Conversely, protein kinase C inhibition blocked up-regulation of oxytocin receptors. Treatment of cells with 10 nM oxytocin resulted in a rapid, transient increase in intracellular Ca(2+), and the response was blocked by an oxytocin antagonist. Because HGL5 cells secrete progesterone and estradiol in response to agents that elevate intracellular cAMP concentrations, we studied the effect of oxytocin on steroid production. Oxytocin enhanced the effects of forskolin on progesterone production. These results suggest that oxytocin augments the activity of luteotropins in vivo. Our studies are the first to show an ovarian cell line that expresses functional oxytocin receptors. These cells can serve as a useful model for studying oxytocin signal pathways and their cross-talk with respect to progesterone synthesis. These cells also will be useful in the analysis of mechanisms of oxytocin receptor regulation, including regulation of its gene.
Successful treatment of lymphohistiocytic reticulosis with phagocytosis with epipodophyllotoxin VP 16–213

Lymphohistiocytic reticulosis with phagocytosis is a rare, familial disorder affecting infants and children. It is characterized by fever, pancytopenia, hepatosplenomegaly, and a rapidly fatal course. Prior attempts to treat this disease have been unsuccessful. We describe two patients with lymphohistiocytic reticulosis with phagocytosis and hyperlipidemia. A sibling of one patient had died of the same disease. One patient also had abnormal lymphocyte response to mitogens. Both patients who were treated with epipodophyllotoxin VP 16-213 (VP-16) had remission of their disease and resolution of hyperlipidemia. VP-16 appears to be an effective agent for treating lymphohistiocytic reticulosis with phagocytosis.
An interactive data management system for river water quality data

Abstract Water quality data banks are needed to document the status and trends of water pollution in a country. Examples of such systems are the STORET system in the U.S., the NAQUADAT system in Canada and the EIS system in Scandinavia. All of these systems require trained personnel to help in the formulation of the inquiry and the actual querying of the system. By contrast, what is described in this paper is an on-line, interactive data management and analysis system which allows the user the direct search, update, retrieval and analysis of the data from a computer terminal. The user addresses the system in a high level language closely resembling English and has complete control over building, updating and querying the individual data banks. Almost all statistical operations can be performed on the data starting from histograms, distributions, correlations to regression, discriminant, component and spectral analysis. Commands for producing camera-ready graphs on graphic terminals are available. The system is implemented on The University of Michigan Computer System and can be accessed through local telephone numbers in more than 100 cities in the U.S. and Canada and from the major European capitals via the TELENET system. The operation of the system is illustrated on a small sample data base on the Ohio river provided by the Ohio River Sanitation Commission (ORSANCO).
Ecology without Scale: Unthinking the World Zoom

‘Scale’ is a nest of complications: it is a highly contested term in a range of disciplines, from geography to ecology, from philosophy to science and technology studies. The heart of the problem is the dispute over its ontological status and topological properties. ‘Scale’ is often assumed to be an ordered totality that one can navigate by zooming in and out, as in Powers of Ten and Google Earth. Such modes of visualization not only give form to a planetary consciousness, but also enable surveillance and warfare in what the author calls ‘the age of the world zoom’. Whereas some geographers have called for the rejection of scalar thinking altogether, he demonstrates how object-oriented ontology (OOO) and actor-network theory (ANT) can offer new insights into conceptualizing the interrelations of entities without falling into the traditional pitfalls of ‘scale’. These approaches lay the groundwork for ‘ecology without scale’, or thinking about interconnectedness beyond scalar notions.
The last rites for states’ rights? Graveside struggles between states and congress over physician-assisted suicide

Abstract While the Supreme Court has rejected arguments to nationalize a right to physician-assisted suicide (PAS), the Justices have encouraged states to debate the issue. Oregon has legalized PAS, and California—among others—has seriously considered a similar measure. Alarmed by such trends, Congress now debates legislation to nationalize a prohibition against PAS. This article analyzes the political and legal arguments surrounding the PAS debate, and aims, ultimately, to unravel mixed signals from Washington: a Supreme Court deferential to states and a Congress poised to supersede state judgments. Should the policy goals of Congress become law the graveside struggles between states and Congress will surely return to the Court. In light of recent federalism rulings, the Court will likely hold that Congress has unconstitutionally intruded into a policy matter reserved to states.
Hyperfine Structure and Intercombination Line Intensities in the Spectra of Magnesium, Zinc, Cadmium, and Mercury*

The transition probabilities of the lines 1S0–3P0 and 1S0–3P2 of the s2–sp arrays in Mg i, Zn i, Cd i, and Hg i, which arise by the interactions of the nuclear moments with the electrons, are computed for each odd isotope individually and for the naturally occurring isotopic mixture. The individual hyperfine structure component transition probabilities are given for the 1S0–3P2 lines. Part of the intensity of the lines arises from the interaction of 3P0 or 3P2 with 3P1 and part from the interaction of 3P0 or 3P2 with 1P1, the former being more important for 1S0–3P0 and the latter for 1S0–3P2. Spin-spin and spin-other-orbit interactions in Mg i are calculated for the 3s3p3P term and compared with observations.
Designing neutral-atom nanotraps with integrated optical waveguides

Integrated optical structures offer the intriguing potential of compact, reproducible waveguide arrays, rings, Y junctions, etc., that could be used to design evanescent field traps to transport, store, and interact atoms in networks as complicated as any integrated optical waveguide circuit. We theoretically investigate three approaches to trapping atoms above linear integrated optical waveguides. A two-color scheme balances the decaying evanescent fields of red- and blue-detuned light to produce a potential minimum above the guide. A one-color surface trap proposal uses blue-detuned light and the attractive surface interaction to provide a potential minimum. A third proposal uses blue-detuned light in two guides positioned above and below one another. The atoms are confined to the ``dark'' spot in the vacuum gap between the guides. We find that all three approaches can be used to trap atoms in two or three dimensions with approximately 100 mW of laser power. We show that the dark spot guide is robust to light scatter and provides the most viable approach for constructing integrated optical circuits that could be used to transport and manipulate atoms in a controlled manner.
AMP photophosphorylation and binding by chloroplasts

Abstract Stoichiometric amounts of chloroplast thylakoids photophosphorylate free AMP to tightly bound ADP. Free ADP is a poor competitor for this AMP photoreaction, which saturates below 16 μM AMP. The inhibitor, diadenosine pentaphosphate, abolishes AMP photophosphorylation, and inhibits dark ADP binding. Taken together, these data imply that this photoreaction involves the high affinity nucleotide binding site(s) of chloroplast coupling factor CF1, and that little mixing with free nucleotides occurs.
A Relative Analysis of Downhill and Cross-Country Ski Injuries

This is a clinical analysis of XC and DH injuries reported thru the CPSC NEISS data files. It suggests that there are significant differences between the two sports and that there are occasionally significant interactions with gender as well. There are some implications with regard to injury mechanisms as well as hardware factors. In order to more fully understand and interpret these findings, it will be necessary to couple these findings with an examination of the populations at risk in a quasi-epidemiological methodology.
Off-axis point localization for mantle fields: The ST. Jude experience

Mantle field irradiation is a common occurence in pediatric settings. At St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, precise locations have been determined for the five off-axis points which are routinely used for mantle field calculations at our institution. This has helped to develop consistency between mantle field patients regarding off-axis point localization.
Contemporary Use of Partial Nephrectomy at a Tertiary Care Center in the United States

Purpose: The use of partial nephrectomy for renal cortical tumors appears unacceptably low in the United States according to population based data. We examined the use of partial nephrectomy at our tertiary care facility in the contemporary era.Materials and Methods: Using our prospectively maintained nephrectomy database we identified 1,533 patients who were treated for a sporadic and localized renal cortical tumor between 2000 and 2007. Patients with bilateral disease or solitary kidneys were excluded from study and elective operation required an estimated glomerular filtration rate of 45 ml per minute per 1.73 m2 or greater. Predictors of partial nephrectomy were evaluated using logistic regression models.Results: Overall 854 (56%) and 679 patients (44%) were treated with partial and radical nephrectomy, respectively. In the 820 patients treated electively for a tumor 4 cm or less the frequency of partial nephrectomy steadily increased from 69% in 2000 to 89% in 2007. In the 365 patients treated electi...
TIMING OF THE INTRODUCTION OF ARROW TECHNOLOGIES IN THE SALISH SEA, NORTHWEST NORTH AMERICA

AbstractA substantial amount of recent literature has re-examined the applicability of dart-arrow indices for hafted chipped stone tools from archaeological assemblages ranging from the Columbia Plateau to Californian Coast. As yet, these approaches have not been employed to examine variation in Coast Salish lithic traditions. In this study, we critically apply recent dart-arrow indices and also employ a discriminant function analysis to a dataset of chipped and ground stone points from 49 archaeological sites spanning the past 5000 years in the Salish Sea. hafted retouch index (HRI) is applied to examine the impact that curation has on classification as a dart or arrow. The indices yield different timing for the introduction of arrow technologies in the region, ranging 3500–2000 cal BP, while the HRI suggests that curation has an impact on point classification. These results suggest a more complex, gradual history for the timing of the introduction of bow and arrow technologies in the Salish Sea than pre...
The α1 Isoform of Na,K-ATPase Regulates Cardiac Contractility and Functionally Interacts and Co-localizes with the Na/Ca Exchanger in Heart

Abstract The primary objective of this study was to examine the functional role of the Na,K-ATPase α1 isoform in the regulation of cardiac contractility. Previous studies using knock-out mice showed that the hearts of animals lacking one copy of the α1 or α2 isoform gene exhibit opposite phenotypes. Hearts from α2+/– animals are hypercontractile, whereas those of the α1+/– animals are hypocontractile. The cardiac phenotype of the α1+/– animals was unexpected as other studies suggest that inhibition of either isoform increases contraction. To help resolve this difference, we have used genetically engineered knock-in mice expressing a ouabain-sensitive α1 isoform and a ouabain-resistant α2 isoform of the Na,K-ATPase, and we analyzed cardiac contractility following selective inhibition of the α1 isoform by ouabain. Administration of ouabain to these animals and to isolated heart preparations selectively inhibits only the activity of the α1 isoform without affecting the activity of the α2 isoform. Low concentrations of ouabain resulted in positive cardiac inotropy in both isolated hearts and intact animals expressing the modified α1 and α2 isoforms. Pretreatment with 10 μm KB-R7943, which inhibits the reverse mode of the Na/Ca exchanger, abolished the cardiotonic effects of ouabain in isolated wild type and knock-in hearts. Immunoprecipitation analysis demonstrated co-localization of the α1 isoform and the Na/Ca exchanger in cardiac sarcolemma. The α1 isoform co-immunoprecipitated with the Na/Ca exchanger and vice versa. These results demonstrate that the α1 isoform regulates cardiac contractility, and that both the α1 and α2 isoforms are functionally and physically coupled with the Na/Ca exchanger in heart.
TWO BACKTRACK ALGORITHMS FOR THE RADIO FREQUENCY INTERMODULATION PROBLEM.

Two or more radio signals, transmitted from a small platform (e.g., a ship, satellite, or airplane, etc.), tend to produce an intermodulation product which could distort a receive signal. The intensity of intermodulation interference due to a given intermodulation frequency is known to be closely related to the lowest order, or simply the order, of the intermodulation product which can be found by solving a single constraint integer program with variables unrestricted in sign, where coefficients of the constraint equation correspond to frequencies. Two variations of backtrack, or search enumeration, algorithms, called the primal and dual backtrack algorithms, are developed to find the order of intermodulation. Extensive computational experience with these algorithms, reflecting data from naval fleet communication scenarios and potential ramifications, are given together with another application of the dual algorithm.
Hzf, a p53-Responsive Gene, Regulates Maintenance of the G2 Phase Checkpoint Induced by DNA Damage

The hematopoietic zinc finger protein, Hzf, is induced in response to genotoxic and oncogenic stress. The Hzf protein is encoded by a p53-responsive gene, and its overexpression, either in cells retaining or lacking functional 53, halts their proliferation. Enforced expression of Hzf led to the appearance of tetraploid cells with supernumerary centrosomes and, ultimately, to cell death. Eliminating Hzf mRNA expression by use of short hairpin (sh) RNAs had no overt effect on unstressed cells but inhibited the maintenance of G2 phase arrest following ionizing radiation (IR), thereby sensitizing cells to DNA damage. Canonical p53-responsive gene products such as p21Cip1 and Mdm2 were induced by IR in cells treated with Hzf shRNA. However, the reduction in the level of Hzf protein was accompanied by increased polyubiquitination and turnover of p21Cip1, an inhibitor of cyclin-dependent kinases whose expression contributes to maintaining the duration of the G2 checkpoint in cells that have sustained DNA damage. Thus, two p53-inducible gene products, Hzf and p21Cip1, act concomitantly to enforce the G(2) checkpoint.
Disk accretion flow driven by large-scale magnetic fields: Solutions with constant specific energy

(Abridged) We study the dynamical evolution of a stationary, axisymmetric, and perfectly conducting cold accretion disk containing a large-scale magnetic field around a Kerr black hole, trying to understand the relation between accretion and the transportation of angular momentum and energy. We solve the radial momentum equation for solutions corresponding to an accretion flow that starts from a subsonic state at infinity, smoothly passes the fast critical point, then supersonically falls into the horizon of the black hole. The solutions always have the following features: 1) The specific energy of fluid particles remains constant but the specific angular momentum is effectively removed by the magnetic field. 2) At large radii, where the disk motion is dominantly rotational, the energy density of the magnetic field is equipartitioned with the rotational energy density of the disk. 3) Inside the fast critical point, where radial motion becomes important, the ratio of the electromagnetic energy density to the kinetic energy density drops quickly. The results indicate that: 1) Disk accretion does not necessarily imply energy dissipation since magnetic fields do not have to transport or dissipate a lot of energy as they effectively transport angular momentum. 2) When resistivity is small, the large-scale magnetic field is amplified by the shearing rotation of the disk until the magnetic energy density is equipartitioned with the rotational energy density, ending up with a geometrically thick disk. This is in contrast with the evolution of small-scale magnetic fields where if the resistivity is nonzero the magnetic energy density is likely to be equipartitioned with the kinetic energy density associated with local random motions (e.g., turbulence), making a thin Keplerian disk possible.
The primary T wave--a new electrocardiographic waveform.

Abstract An electrocardiographic waveform which is largely dependent on intrinsic properties of ventricular recovery and less dependent on activation order than the recorded T wave has been derived. This wave has been designated the primary T wave and was obtained by subtracting the secondary from the recorded T wave. The secondary T wave was defined as the waveform that would follow a given QRS complex if ventricular recovery properties were uniform. Experimental evidence that the primary T wave is largely independent of ventricular activation order has been obtained.
Hydrogen passivation and junction formation on APIVT-deposited thin-layer silicon by hot-wire CVD

Abstract The hot-wire chemical vapor deposition (HWCVD) technique was employed to deposit μc-Si emitters and a-SiNx:H passivation/antireflection films, and to hydrogenate silicon thin layers grown by atmospheric-pressure iodine vapor transport (APIVT). Photovoltaic devices with HWCVD μc-Si emitters on APIVT epitaxial silicon exhibit greater than 8% efficiency, similar to those made with diffused junctions. On polycrystalline APIVT-Si layers, a HWCVD-deposited μc-Si emitter reduces open-circuit voltage loss caused by grain boundaries. Hot-wire hydrogenation improves Hall mobility by approximately 50%. HWCVD a-SiNx:H films improve minority-carrier lifetime significantly after thermal annealing at temperatures up to 500 °C.
The Future of Spatial Analysis in the Social Sciences

Abstract This paper presents a personal view on some emerging research directions at the interface of social science and spatial analysis. Particular emphasis is placed on methodological challenges presented by developments in social science theory, demands for data manipulation, and the need for education and dissemination.
Accelerators and beam dynamics

Abstract In this paper, we review presentations in the areas of heavy ion systems, experiments, and innovative designs. We also cover presentations of basic beam dynamics models and simulations.
The ART test of interaction: a robust and powerful rank test of interaction in factorial models

Simulations are used to show that the ART (Aligned Ranks Transformation) procedure,when testing for interaction, is robust and almost as powerful as the F-test when the data satisfy the classical assumptions. When these assumptions are violated the ART test is significantly more powerful than the F-test.
Effect of Diet and Ginchophen on Production of Experimental Gastric Ulcers in Chicks

Conclusions1. Feeding cinchophen to chicks produces gizzard lesions with the characteristics of peptic ulcers. 2. These gastric ulcers vary in severity with the amount of cinchophen fed. 3. The early lesions are similar to those produced by a dietary deficiency alone. 4. The lesions are less severe in chicks fed a dietary supplement containing the anti-gizzard erosion factor.
Determining the sexual identities of prehistoric cave artists using digitized handprints: a machine learning approach

The sexual identities of human handprints inform hypotheses regarding the roles of males and females in prehistoric contexts. Sexual identity has previously been manually determined by measuring the ratios of the lengths of the individual's fingers as well as by using other physical features. Most conventional studies measure the lengths manually and thus are often constrained by the lack of scaling information on published images. We have created a method that determines sex by applying modern machine-learning techniques to relative measures obtained from images of human hands. This is the known attempt at substituting automated methods for time-consuming manual measurement in the study of sexual identities of prehistoric cave artists. Our study provides quantitative evidence relevant to sexual dimorphism and the sexual division of labor in Upper Paleolithic societies. In addition to analyzing historical handprint records, this method has potential applications in criminal forensics and human-computer interaction.
Polymorphic Properties of Tetrahymena patula During Growth in Axenic Culture

SYNOPSIS. The effects of temperature and pH on growth and polymorphism were studied. The dimorphic condition followed a cyclic nature associated with growth in axenic culture. During logarithmic growth the population consisted of 95–100% microstomes. Upon entering stationary phase the microstomes transformed into macrostomes. The percent microstomes which transformed into macrostomes was found to be affected by culture conditions. When grown at 25°C, pH 7.0, 50% of the population during stationary phase was macrostomes, whereas cultures grown at 25°, pH 7.4, showed 26% macrostomes during stationary phase. Hydrogen ion concentrations higher and lower than this value produced increasingly larger percent of macrostomes during stationary phase. At 20°C, pH 7.0, stationary phase, the population consisted of 100% macrostomes. Generally, those conditions which favored growth in axenic culture also favored the microstome during stationary phase. Large populations of microstomes were induced to transform into macrostomes by transferring a logarithmically growing culture from 25° to 20° or 15°C. Silver impregnated cells showed that the transformation from microstome to macrostome involved oral replacement. It was found that macrostomes, when placed in fresh medium, gave rise to two microstomes through cell division. A direct transformation from macrostome to microstome was not observed.
Oxysterols Drive Dopaminergic Neurogenesis from Stem Cells

Stem cell therapy for Parkinson's disease requires effective production of dopaminergic neurons. In this issue of Cell Stem Cell, Sacchetti et al. (2009) report an unexpected role of liver X receptors and their ligand, oxysterols, in regulating dopaminergic neurogenesis.
Characteristics of bacteremia in pediatric oncology patients based on pathogen classification as associated with the gastrointestinal mucosa or skin.

Factors favoring blood stream infections associated with gastrointestinal mucosa versus skin organisms were explored. An observed difference was attributable to bacteremia from oral flora in patients with acute myelogenous leukemia or mucositis. Our data do not support the conclusion that isolation of enteric Gram-negatives is unrelated to the central catheter. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2015;00(0): 1–4
Regulation of Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Phosphorylation, Microtubule Organization, Chromatin Behavior, and Cell Cycle Progression by Protein Phosphatases During Pig Oocyte Maturation and Fertilization In Vitro

We used okadaic acid (OA), a potent inhibitor of protein phosphatases 1 and 2A, to study the regulatory effects of protein phosphatases on mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase phosphorylation, morphological changes in the nucleus, and microtubule assembly during pig oocyte maturation and fertilization in vitro. When germinal vesicle (GV) stage oocytes were exposed to OA, MAP kinase phosphorylation was greatly accelerated, being fully activated at 10 min. However, MAP kinase was dephosphorylated by long-term (>20 h) exposure to OA. Correspondingly, premature chromosome condensation and GV breakdown were accelerated, whereas meiotic spindle assembly and meiotic progression beyond metaphase I stage were inhibited. OA also quickly reversed the inhibitory effects of butyrolactone I, a specific inhibitor of maturation-promoting factor (MPF), on MAP kinase phosphorylation and meiosis resumption. Treatment of metaphase II oocytes triggered metaphase II spindle elongation and disassembly as well as chromosome alignment disruption. OA treatment of fertilized eggs resulted in prompt phosphorylation of MAP kinase, disassembly of microtubules around the pronuclear area, chromatin condensation, and pronuclear membrane breakdown, but inhibited further cleavage. Our results suggest that inhibition of protein phosphatases promptly phosphorylates MAP kinase, induces premature chromosome condensation and meiosis resumption as well as pronucleus breakdown, but inhibits spindle organization and suppresses microtubule assembly by sperm centrosomes in pig oocytes and fertilized eggs.
Incontinence after Radical Prostatectomy: Detrusor or Sphincter Causes

AbstractPurpose: Prospective studies have shown a high prevalence of decreased compliance immediately after radical prostatectomy, which may be a temporary phenomenon in men in whom incontinence persists for more than 1 year. We examined the video urodynamic records of 74 consecutive men referred to our urodynamic laboratory with incontinence as the predominant symptom following radical prostatectomy to evaluate voiding parameters and bladder function.Materials and Methods: The urodynamic assessment was made an average of 3.8 years postoperatively. All men presented with persistent post-prostatectomy incontinence, and 64 underwent radical retropubic and 10 radical perineal prostatectomy.Results: A total of 42 men (57 percent) had sphincter weakness alone, 29 (39 percent) had detrusor instability and/or decreased compliance combined with sphincter weakness and only 3 (4 percent) had detrusor instability alone. Of 29 men with a combination of factors 8 had decreased compliance, with 3 also having detrusor i...
Time-dependence of the stress shadowing effect and its relation to the structure of the lower crust

Great earthquakes, like the 1906 San Francisco earthquake, perturb the regional stress field and can generate “stress shadows” that delay the occurrence of subsequent M ≥ 5.5 events. We investigate how time-dependent postseismic stress transfer between the three subparallel strike-slip faults in northern California—the San Andreas, Hayward, and Calaveras faults, and their northern extensions—depends on the presence and geometry of lower crustal shear zones. Models incorporating Maxwell viscoelastic relaxation of the mantle, a lower crustal detachment surface, and vertical shear zones beneath the seismogenic faults are compared. Short-term relaxation of lower crustal shear zones enhances the amplitude and lateral extent of the stress shadow. Conversely, longer period mantle relaxation reloads the entire crust. As a consequence, after a 1906 type event on the San Andreas fault, the stress shadow on the Hayward fault will be greater in magnitude and duration if the faults are connected via lower crustal structures with time-dependent rheologies. In addition, our results demonstrate that, for certain geometries, the total stress (tectonic plus postseismic perturbation) may actually continue to decrease during the decades immediately following a great earthquake. This effect has not been documented in prior time-dependent models of stress accumulation during the earthquake cycle.
Developing Nursing Knowledge: Practice Issues Raised from Four Philosophical Perspectives

Analysis and comparison of emerging perspectives in nursing on some of the key issues of practice theory can create an enhanced vision of the discipline. Four philosophy-of-science perspectives--realism, relativism, interpretivism, and humanism--are catalysts for fruitful insights about practice. However, together they generate more questions than they answer, both from each perspective and from the intersection of the assumptions of the four philosophies about the nature of knowledge. The nature of knowledge for practice emerges from examining how the philosophical basis and the derived practice theories address such issues as the phenomena of the discipline, environment, teleology, and nursing theoretical frameworks. This is the time for good debate and collaborative knowledge-building among scholars of various persuasions within a milieu of ethos, pathos, and logic.
Triage: diagnosing production run failures at the user's site

Diagnosing production run failures is a challenging yet importanttask. Most previous work focuses on offsite diagnosis, i.e.development site diagnosis with the programmers present. This is insufficient for production-run failures as: (1) it is difficult to reproduce failures offsite for diagnosis; (2) offsite diagnosis cannot provide timely guidance for recovery or security purposes; (3)it is infeasible to provide a programmer to diagnose every production run failure; and (4) privacy concerns limit the release of information(e.g. coredumps) to programmers.To address production-run failures, we propose a system, called Triage, that automatically performs onsite software failure diagnosis at the very moment of failure. It provides a detailed diagnosis report, including the failure nature, triggering conditions, related code and variables, the fault propagation chain, and potential fixes. Triage achieves this by leveraging lightweight reexecution support to efficiently capture the failure environment and repeatedly replay the moment of failure, and dynamically--using different diagnosis techniques--analyze an occurring failure. Triage employs afailure diagnosis protocol that mimics the steps a human takes in debugging. This extensible protocol provides a framework to enable the use of various existing and new diagnosis techniques. We also propose a new failure diagnosis technique, delta analysis, to identify failure related conditions, code, and variables.We evaluate these ideas in real system experiments with 10 real software failures from 9 open source applications including four servers. Triage accurately diagnoses the evaluated failures, providing likely root causes and even the fault propagation chain, while keeping normal-run overhead to under 5%. Finally, our user study of the diagnosis and repair of real bugs shows that Triagesaves time (99.99% confidence), reducing the total time to fix by almost half.
All-digital CDR for high-density, high-speed I/O

A novel all-digital CDR for source-synchronous links, and its implementation in 90nm CMOS, is presented. A phase alignment technique with ping-pong action between two clock phases is used. The system is implemented in static CMOS logic, occupies 0.234 mm2 and dissipates 16.6 mW at 6 Gb/s, demonstrating BER <10−13 with PRBS-7 input. The compactness and all-static-CMOS nature of the system make it suitable for use in high-speed I/Os requiring per-pin synchronization.
A community-oriented framework to increase screening and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea among blacks

Abstract Objective Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a leading sleep disorder that is disproportionately more prevalent in minority populations and is a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) morbidity and mortality. OSA is associated with many chronic conditions including hypertension, diabetes, and obesity, all of which are disproportionately more prevalent among blacks (ie, peoples of African American, Caribbean, or African descent). Methods This article reviews studies conducted in the United States (US) that investigated sleep screenings and adherence to treatment for OSA among blacks. In addition, guidelines are provided for implementing a practical framework to increase OSA screening and management among blacks. Results Several studies have documented racial/ethnic disparities in adherence to treatment for OSA. However, despite its public health significance, there is a paucity of studies addressing these disparities. Further, there is a lack of health programs and policies to increase screening and treatment of OSA among blacks and other minority populations. A practical framework to increase the number of blacks who are screened for OSA and treated appropriately is warranted. Such a framework is timely and major importance, as early identification of OSA in this high-risk population could potentially lead to early treatment and prevention of CVD, thereby reducing racial and ethnic disparities in sleep-related CVD morbidity and mortality.
Slot antennas fed by circular waveguides

Slot antennas fed by a circular waveguide or a cylindrical cavity have been developed. The slot antennas can be rectangular slots or cross slots. Radiation patterns have been measured for both slot configurations. The use of circular waveguides has many advantages, such as a symmetrical feeding arrangement and the realization of cross polarization feeding. >
Dynamic classification for video stream using support vector machine

A dynamic classification using the support vector machine (SVM) technique is presented in this paper as a new 'incremental' framework for multiple-classifying video stream data. The contribution of this study is the derivation of a unique, fast and simple to implement technique that allows multi-classification of behavioral motions based on an adaptation of the least-square SVM (LS-SVM) formulation. This dynamic approach leads to an extension of SVM beyond its current static image-based learning capabilities. The proposed incremental multi-classification method is applied to video stream data, which consists of an articulated humanoid model monitored by a surveillance camera. The initial supervised off-line learning phase is followed by a visual behavior data acquisition and then an incremental learning phase. The resulting error rate and the confidence level for the proposed technique demonstrate its validity and merits in articulated motion learning. Furthermore, the enabled online learning allows an adaptive domain knowledge insertion and provides the advantage of reducing both the model training time and the information storage requirements of the overall system which are both essential for dynamic soft computing applications.
Daughters of the Dust

"Daughters of the Dust." Written and directed by Julie Dash. Produced by Julie Dash and Arthur Jafa. Distributed by Kino International, 1992.
Studies on influenza infection in ferrets by means of fluorescein-labelled antibody. II. The role of soluble antigen in nuclear fluorescence and cross-reactions.

Yellow-green fluorescence representing viral antigens was detected in both the nucleus and cytoplasm of epithelial cells of the respiratory tract in ferrets infected with influenza virus. This nuclear fluorescence was the chief manifestation of cross-fluorescent staining reactions among three strains of influenza A virus studied, PR8, Farrington, and Fm1. Absorption experiments with influenza viral V and soluble S antigens showed that S antigen was responsible for the presence of fluorescence in the nucleus and for the cross-staining reactions among these strains.
Photoperiod affects the diurnal rhythm of hippocampal neuronal morphology of siberian hamsters

Individuals of many species can regulate their physiology, morphology, and behavior in response to annual changes of day length (photoperiod). In mammals, the photoperiodic signal is mediated by a change in the duration of melatonin, leading to alterations in gene expressions, neuronal circuits, and hormonal secretion. The hippocampus is one of the most plastic structures in the adult brain and hippocampal neuronal morphology displays photoperiod-induced differences. Because the hippocampus is important for emotional and cognitive behaviors, photoperiod-driven remodeling of hippocampal neurons is implicated in seasonal differences of affect, including seasonal affective disorder (SAD) in humans. Because neuronal architecture is also affected by the day-night cycle in several brain areas, we hypothesized that hippocampal neuronal morphology would display a diurnal rhythm and that day length would influence that rhythm. In the present study, we examined diurnal and seasonal differences in hippocampal neuron...
Life History and Age-Specific Mortality of Eastern Tent Caterpillar (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae)

Malacosoma americanum (F.) (Lepidoptera: Lasiocampidae) was recently implicated in early fetal losses and late-term abortions of pregnant mares in the thoroughbred and saddlebred industry centered in central Kentucky. The direct role of the caterpillars in these losses prompted the need for a more thorough understanding of life history and age-specific biology, to develop more precise management strategies and reduce future losses. During 2003 and 2004, egg masses and tents were destructively and sequentially sampled, respectively, to observe development and mortality agents. Eggs were significantly impacted by parasitization. Larval development was linear, yet asynchronous, with individual tents containing up to four instars simultaneously. Predators were the major mortality factor impacting the first three instars; parasitoids and pathogens had the greatest impact on fourth, fifth, and sixth instars. These data demonstrate that the eastern tent caterpillar is impacted by a variety of biotic mortality agents throughout the Bluegrass region of Kentucky, and the potential impacts on natural enemies must be considered when designing any direct suppression strategies targeting populations.
IMPACT: an architectural framework for multiple-instruction-issue processors

The performance of multiple-instruction-issue processors can be severely limited by the compiler’s ability to generate efficient code for concurrent hardware. In the IMPACT project, we have developed IMPACT-I, a highly optimizing C compiler to exploit instruction level concurrency. The optimization capabilities of the IMPACT-I C compiler are summarized in this paper. Using the IMPACT-I C compiler, we ran experiments to analyze the performance of multiple-instruction-issue processors executing some important non-numerical programs. The
Cisco: Early If Not Elegant (B) (Epilogue)

Cisco Systems' relentless pace of acquisitions between 1993 and 2000 ground to a halt in 2001: Cisco bought only two businesses that year. By September 2002, it had acquired Hammerhead Networks and Navarro Networks for $258 million in stock, and planned to buy Andiamo Systems for up to $2.5 billion. Market conditions may have shed some light on cracks in the firm's acquisition methodology, but the most profound change, according to CEO John Chambers, was the decision to acquire companies at a later stage of product development. Now, a target had to have a proven product, customers, and management team before any transaction was considered. The B case includes a brief update on the company and financials up to July 2002. See also the A case (UVA-BP-0446).
Development of High Temperature/High Sensitivity Novel Chemical Resistive Sensor

The research has been focused to design, fabricate, and develop high temperature/high sensitivity novel multifunctional chemical sensors for the selective detection of fossil energy gases used in power and fuel systems. By systematically studying the physical properties of the LnBaCo{sub 2}O{sub 5+d} (LBCO) [Ln=Pr or La] thin‐films, a new concept chemical sensor based high temperature chemical resistant change has been developed for the application for the next generation highly efficient and near zero emission power generation technologies. We also discovered that the superfast chemical dynamic behavior and an ultrafast surface exchange kinetics in the highly epitaxial LBCO thin films. Furthermore, our research indicates that hydrogen can superfast diffuse in the ordered oxygen vacancy structures in the highly epitaxial LBCO thin films, which suggest that the LBCO thin film not only can be an excellent candidate for the fabrication of high temperature ultra sensitive chemical sensors and control systems for power and fuel monitoring systems, but also can be an excellent candidate for the low temperature solid oxide fuel cell anode and cathode materials.
Sound over Ideograph: The Basis of Chinese Poetic Art

The author argues that Chinese characters have shaped Chinese poetic art not through their ideographic form but through their monosyllabic sound. Specifically, the pauses in a Chinese poetic line tend to be determined by sound patterns. Since monosyllabic sound is nearly always endowed with meaning, sound patterns tend to be semantic groupings as well. These groupings of meaning, in turn, determine syntax and, by extension, the organization of an entire poem. Given the semantic denseness of Chinese poetry, this structure is crucial to the overall meaning of a poem, to how we read or understand it. So what we have is something like sound ⇒ prosodic pattern ⇒ semantic grouping ⇒ syntax ⇒ structure. A multilayered integration of all these elements seems to represent the gestalt of Chinese poetic form, with monosyllabic sound as its foundation. At its best, this gestalt engenders a dynamic interplay of all its elements, from which poetic vision emerges.
A Review of the Occurrence, Most Relevant Analytical Method, and Possible Treatment for Di-Ethylhexyl Phthalate (DEHP) in the Water Environment

The purpose of this paper is to collect, analyze, and review literature in the occurrence of DEHP, detecting methods, and possible water treatments for the compound. The environmental and health effects of the exposure to DEHP are also described to help understand and recognize the importance of developing reliable techniques to trace, and clean our waters from possible contamination with this highly commercial compound worldwide. The most reliable and available technique to accurately measure DEHP, even in small amounts, is also presented in the paper as the result of a study done around the nation. Treatments of phthalates in sewage treatment plants (STP) are discussed after reviewing some studies done in STP around the world. The paper proposes further investigation in the factors affecting the results in the studies done in STP, and advises to take into account the possible leach of the DEHP from pipes and filter media used during the treatment process. Finally, a promising, low cost, environmental friendly treatment method is described as an efficient technique to remove DEHP from water.
An Analysis of the Hippuric Acid, Galactose Tolerance, Bromsulphthalein and Prothrombin Tests in 381 Cases

The relative value of various test of liver function has been 'receiving much attention in recent years. The mechanisms of these tests in general are based upon the physiological activities of the liver which are varied, often not apparently related, and in general may be grouped as attempted estimates of excretory, metabolic and detoxifying functions. Numerous empiric tests of liver function have been described, which have attained varying degrees of popularity. It is not our purpose to discuss the merits of all the various tests of liver function which have been proposed, as others have thoroughly recorded their experience with various individual tests' "• 8 , 1 9 . We desire to present our experience and study of the comparative value of four of the more popular liver function tests in use today, with particular reference to prognosis. Following the publication of Quick's Hippuric acid liver function test in 1933 • u , we began its use as a routine examination in suspected liver disease along with the galactose tolerance test, the bromsulphthalein test and more recently we have added the determination of the blood prothrombin •. Originally these tests were instituted as a preoperative routine in various types of gall bladder disease because of the frequently associated liver disease'-'-. Our results in general substantiate their value in such cases and confirm the findings of Quick' ", Snell and Plunkett, Magath and others in prog-
Response: Re: Living on the Edge

To the Editor: I appreciate the kind words of Dr. Frey. For many years he has inspired me through his example to share patient experiences after reflection and to think critically about our roles as family physicians. This role is prescience during patient's lives, but it is also present even after
Direct Chemical Vapor Deposition Synthesis of Phase-Pure Iron Pyrite (FeS2) Thin Films

Resurgent interest in iron pyrite (FeS2) as an earth-abundant, nontoxic semiconductor for solar applications has resulted in many attempts to grow phase-pure thin films via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). However, all thin films grown via CVD or sulfidation to date have contained marcasite phase or other iron sulfide impurities. Here, we report the use of metallic cobalt pyrite (cattierite, CoS2) thin films as an ideal substrate leading to the first direct growth of phase-pure iron pyrite thin films via atmospheric pressure CVD. This synthesis was achieved by reacting FeCl3 and ditert butyl disulfide (TBDS) at 400–450 °C. The products were confirmed as phase-pure iron pyrite using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Raman spectroscopy, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). In addition to phase-purity, the synthesis produced crystal domains >1 μm and a conformal coating 3–5 μm thick, which are attributed to the <2% lattice mismatch of the isostructural cattierite substrate. The surface was characterized by...
Identification and Selection on the Cold Resistance of Some Rice Varieties at Their Booting Stage in Heilongjiang Province

By the identification on the cold resistance of some rice varieties at their booting stage in Heilongjiang province during the period of 2006 and 2009,53 first-grade and 101 second-grade materials of rice cold resistance at their booting stage were selected,in which 19 materials had a good combination with the yielding ability,27 materials combine with the disease resistance well,6 materials combine with the quality well,16 materials about the special rice,and 17 rice varieties had been examined and approved.From 2008 to 2010,amount areas of the rice varieties applied had accumulated to the total number of 1 294 000 hm2,and it provided the scientific basis for the production application,and created the anti-cold rice resources for the plant breeder.
Providing Students With Severe Disabilities Access to the General Education Curriculum

This case study explored how multiple educational personnel in a middle school identified as an exemplar of inclusive education defined and provided students with severe disabilities access to the general education curriculum. Data sources including a questionnaire, interviews, observations, observation reflections, and artifacts were collected from 12 participants who worked as administrators, general education teachers, special education teachers, or paraprofessionals. Findings point to educational personnel who are committed to providing access to the general education curriculum in general education classrooms and carry out this mission through shared responsibility, collaboration, peer supports, and multi-faceted learning structures. These findings are discussed in relation to future research and practice in the areas of inclusion and severe disabilities.