cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Food habits of wintering double-crested cormorants in the Mississippi Delta

Abstract Given its ubiquity, it is not surprising that agriculture, including finfish aquaculture, contributes to food webs worldwide and is used by numerous wildlife for foraging and meeting other needs. Double-crested Cormorants (Phalacrocorax auritus) impact United States commercial aquaculture and are considered the primary avian predator in catfish (Ictalurus spp.) aquaculture facilities in the Mississippi Delta. Recent changes in aquaculture practices, regulatory policies, and decreased overall hectares in production prompted this study that assessed cormorant consumption of catfish in relation to their night roosts through surveys and diet analysis. Cormorants were collected from night roosts from October through April 2016–2018 (n = 69 collections). On average, catfish constituted 33% of a cormorant's overall diet, which is less than reported in previous studies. There was no statistical difference between consumption of channel (I. punctatus) and hybrid catfish (I. punctatus x I. furcatus) based on biomass estimates, and the greatest consumption of catfish occurred in the months of February and March. The best fit model for predicting catfish consumption was the cubic polynomial function of the area of catfish aquaculture within a 30.6 km forage buffer of a night roost. Our findings will inform wildlife managers about relationships between cormorant night roost locations and consumption of catfish and aid decision making with respect to cormorant management. Despite cormorants having shifted consumption to naturally occurring fish species associated with changes to aquaculture, aquaculture remains an important part of regional food webs.
Molecular-dynamics modeling of hydrogen-bond vibrational modes

Molecular dynamics (MD) modeling of hydrogen-bond oscillations is described. Hydrogen-bonding plays an important role in interactions of molecular structures, and is associated with distinct features in vibrational spectra of molecular systems. Interpretation of these features is essential for monitoring and control of structural changes and kinetic processes in large ensembles of molecular structures. Computational experiments based on MD provide interpretation of vibrational-spectrum features. In the case of molecular binding spectroscopy, hydrogen-bond vibrational modes, which are associated with sorbent-sorbate interactions, can be correlated with characteristic spectral features at finite temperature.
Household Final Consumption Expenditure on the Way to the Consumer Lending Model

For the first five months of 2018, household savings moved up merely by 1.3% which is the bottom low for the last several years. Meanwhile, retail lending has been demonstrating an upward trend. The public borrows significantly more than deposits.
The COVID lockdown and its effects on soft tissue injuries in Premier League Athletes.

Background During the COVID impacted 2020-2021 season of the English soccer league, there was an appreciable number of injuries experienced by players. These injuries however, have not been quantified against previous seasons to highlight the altered season as a causative factor. Methods A review of an online database was conducted to search for injuries to football players in the Premier League across three seasons; 2018-2019, 2019-2020, and 2020-2021, to compare for difference in injury rates across the years and assess for higher rates in this current season, where athletes have had less play time due to COVID-19. Injury number and injury characteristics were abstracted from the online database Transfermarkt, with the provided information allowing for the sorting of the data into muscular and ligamentous injuries and skeletal injuries. Results Overall 226, 260, and 289 muscular and ligamentous injuries were observed across the 2018/2019, 2019/2020, and 2020/2021 seasons, respectively. There were 495 minutes on average played leading up to first injury in the 2020/2021 season, compared with 521 minutes in the 2019/2020 season and 536 minutes in the 2018/2019. There was an average of games played to injury of 5.6 games in the 2020/2021 year, with 6.0 in the 2019/2020 year and 6.1 in the 2018/2019 year. Additionally, there was a significantly shorter time in between games was noted during the COVID-affected season with a mean time of 6.8 days in-between games played during the 2020-2021 season as compared to the previous years of 9.12 and 7.12 days. Conclusion Our study found that there were more injuries and a decreased time to first injury observed during the COVID-impacted 2020-2021 season than the two preceding seasons, perhaps demonstrating a link between fixture congestion and athlete injuries as evidenced by the significantly shorter time between games. It is therefore prudent to retain fixture spacing for athlete recovery even against the backdrop of an overall shortened season.
A Role for STAT3 in Dendritic Cell Regulation by Tumor-Derived Factors

Ineffective dendritic cell differentiation and activation in cancer is a well-established phenomenon that is considered as one of the major mechanisms of tumor escape. The defects in dendritic cells are caused primarily by soluble tumor-derived factors. In recent years accumulated evidence suggested that the members of the family of signal transducers and activators of transcription (STAT), and more specifically STAT3, could be primarily responsible for dendritic cell defects in cancer. In this review we will discuss recent findings describing the role of STAT3 in dendritic cell differentiation and function.
Performance evaluation of a new parallel preconditioner

The linear systems associated with large, sparse, symmetric, positive definite matrices are often solved iteratively using the preconditioned conjugate gradient method. We have developed a new class of preconditioners, support tree preconditioners, that are based on the connectivity of the graphs corresponding to the matrices and are well-structured for parallel implementation. We evaluate the performance of support tree preconditioners by comparing them against two common types of preconditioners: diagonal scaling and incomplete Cholesky. Support tree preconditioners require less overall storage and less work per iteration than incomplete Cholesky preconditioners. In terms of total execution time, support tree preconditioners outperform both diagonal scaling and incomplete Cholesky preconditioners. >
Charged particle beam propagation studies at the Naval Research Laboratory

The Plasma Physics Division of the Naval Research Laboratory has been performing research into the propagation of high current electron beams for 20 years. Recent efforts have focused on the stabilization of the resistive hose instability. Experiments have utilized the SuperIBEX e-beam generator (5-MeV, 100-kA, 40-ns pulse) and a 2-m diameter, 5-m long propagation chamber. Full density air propagation experiments have successfully demonstrated techniques to control the hose instability allowing stable 5-m transport of 1–2 cm radius, 10–20 kA total current beams. Analytic theory and particle simulations have been used to both guide and interpret the experimental results. This paper will provide background on the program and summarize the achievements of the NRL propagation program up to this point. Further details can be found in other papers presented in this conference.
Examination of streptococcal gene expression in the mammalian environment

Laboratory studies of bacterial gene expression have not allowed the investigation of in vivo factors crucial to pathogenesis. Recently, genetic tools have been used to identify in vivo-activated genes. These tools, however, have not allowed the measurement of specific expression levels of virulence-associated bacterial genes in vivo. This report describes a system, previously tested utilizing the fructosyltransferase (ftf) gene of Streptococcus mutans, that allows the measurement of activity of specific virulence-associated streptococcal genes while bacteria are living in the animal environment.
Discovering the Future of the Web

2014 brought the 25th anniversary of the World Wide Web. There is general agreement that it represents one of the most influential software applications in history and has transformed many diverse elements of human interaction. The global impact of the Web would naturally lead to speculation about the future of the technology and attempts to understand what has, driven its evolution in the past and what will do so in the future. The definition of Web Science and its implementation in Web Observatories provide a viable mechanism for a more complete understanding of the technology and a paradigm for directing its future. Web Science also provides a powerful multi-disciplinary framework and compelling research opportunities.
Temporal and spatial current stability of the integrated LD-MOSFET/field emission arrays

Emission current stability and spatial uniformity of field emission devices are improved when a lightly doped drain-MOSFET (LD-MOSFET) is integrated with a field emission array (FEA) and the integrated device is operated in the regime where the emission current is controlled by the supply of electrons to the surface. The same structure results in low threshold voltage of less than 0.5 V. An on/off current ratio of 1000:1 was obtained using a modest MOSFET gate voltage swing of 0.5 V.
A preliminary study on the effect of combined nicotine replacement therapy on alcohol responses and alcohol self‐administration

Background and Objectives Limiting alcohol consumption may help prevent alcohol-mediated smoking relapse in heavy drinking smokers. This pilot study examined whether combining a nicotine patch with nicotine nasal spray has stronger attenuating effects on alcohol response and consumption than a nicotine patch alone. Methods Twenty-two non-alcohol dependent heavy drinking smokers completed the double-blind cross-over, placebo-controlled study (21 mg nicotine patch + nicotine or placebo nasal spray). Six hours after 21mg nicotine patch application, subjective and physiological responses to a priming drink (0.3 g/kg) were assessed, followed by two 1-hr alcohol self-administration periods, with possible consumption of up to 4 drinks per period (each 0.15 g/kg). Nasal spray (1 mg [active] or 0 mg [placebo] per dose) was administered 10 min prior to the priming dose and each self-administration period. Results Active nasal spray did not increase serum nicotine levels, compared with placebo administration. The number of drinks consumed did not differ by the nasal spray conditions. However, positive subjective responses to the priming drink were lower in the active nasal spray condition than the placebo nasal spray condition. During the self-administration period, urge to drink was also lower in the active spray condition than the placebo condition. Conclusions and Scientific Significance Augmenting the nicotine patch with nicotine nasal spray attenuated positive subjective alcohol response and craving and suggests that future studies should investigate whether these findings translate to a clinical setting. (Am J Addict 2013;22:590–597)
Shared Memory vs Message Passing on SCI: A Case Study Using Split-C

Non-coherent remote memory access with a simple load-store interface is one of the characteristic features of the Scalable Coherent Interface (SCI). It allows SCI to bridge the gap between efficient (and expensive) hardware implementations of true coherent shared memory and low-performance software implementations. It also allows SCI to be used as a substrate for efficient implementations of higher-level communication mechanisms. In this chapter, we evaluate the tradeoffs for using SCI to implement user-level message-passing and a global address-space scheme with shared-memory segments. We perform this evaluation in the context of Split-C, an explicitly parallel language which provides a global address-space abstraction as well as bulk transfer operations.
Supergap anomalies in cotunneling between normal-superconducting and between two superconducting leads via a small quantum dot

Cotunneling current through a resonant level coupled to either normal and superconducting or to two superconducting leads is studied for the domain of bias voltages $V$, exceeding the superconducting gap $2\ensuremath{\Delta}$. Due to the on-site repulsion in the resonant level, cotunneling of an electron is accompanied by the creation of a quasiparticle in a superconducting lead. Energy conservation imposes a threshold for this inelastic transport channel: ${V}_{c}=3\ensuremath{\Delta}$ for normal-superconductor case and ${\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{V}}_{c}=4\ensuremath{\Delta}$ for the superconductor-superconductor (S-S) case. We demonstrate that the behavior of the current near the respective thresholds is nonanalytic, namely, $\ensuremath{\delta}{I}^{in}(V)\ensuremath{\propto}{(V\ensuremath{-}{V}_{c})}^{3/2}\ensuremath{\Theta}(V\ensuremath{-}{V}_{c})$ and $\ensuremath{\delta}{I}^{in}(V)\ensuremath{\propto}(V\ensuremath{-}{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{V}}_{c})\ensuremath{\Theta}(V\ensuremath{-}{\stackrel{\ifmmode \tilde{}\else \~{}\fi{}}{V}}_{c})$. Stronger anomaly for the S-S leads is the consequence of the enhanced density of states at the edges of the gap. In addition, the enhanced density of states makes the threshold anomalies for two-electron cotunneling processes in the Coulomb-blockaded regions more pronounced than for the normal-normal leads.
Optimal acquisition and modeling parameters for accurate assessment of low Ktrans blood–brain barrier permeability using dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI

Purpose: To determine optimal parameters for acquisition and processing of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI (DCE-MRI) to detect small changes in near normal low blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability. Methods: Using a contrast-to-noise ratio metric (K-CNR) for K_(trans) precision and accuracy, the effects of kinetic model selection, scan duration, temporal resolution, signal drift, and length of baseline on the estimation of low permeability values was evaluated with simulations. Results: The Patlak model was shown to give the highest K-CNR at low K_(trans). The K_(trans) transition point, above which other models yielded superior results, was highly dependent on scan duration and tissue extravascular extracellular volume fraction (v_e). The highest K-CNR for low K_(trans) was obtained when Patlak model analysis was combined with long scan times (10–30 min), modest temporal resolution (<60 s/image), and long baseline scans (1–4 min). Signal drift as low as 3% was shown to affect the accuracy of K_(trans) estimation with Patlak analysis. Conclusion: DCE acquisition and modeling parameters are interdependent and should be optimized together for the tissue being imaged. Appropriately optimized protocols can detect even the subtlest changes in BBB integrity and may be used to probe the earliest changes in neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and multiple sclerosis.
Multiple Perception Analysis: A Convergence Model for Evaluating Arts Education

The model responds to the need to integrate qualitative with quantitative assessments of arts education programs operating in new institutional contexts. A matrix of evaluational questions assists in gathering perceptions of a program, while a matrix of situational components facilitates their cross-disciplinary analysis. Intersubjective verification of perceptions and a convergence of judgments are sought in this phenomenological approach, which evolved as part of the multidisciplinary evaluation of a large-scale out-of-school arts education project in New York City.
A novel p64-related Cl-channel: subcellular distribution and nephron segment-specific expression

Several closely related proteins that have been implicated as chloride channels of intracellular membranes have recently been described. We report here the molecular cloning and characterization of a new member of this family from human cells. On the basis of sequence similarity, we conclude that this new protein represents the human version of a previously described protein from rat brain named p64H1. The human version of p64H1 (huH1) is a 28.7-kDa protein that shows an apparent molecular mass of 31 kDa by SDS-PAGE. A single 4.5-kb message is detected on Northern blots and is present in all tissues probed. The protein is expressed in an intracellular vesicular pattern in Panc-1 cells that is distinct from the endoplasmic reticulum, fluid-phase endocytic, and transferrin-recycling compartments, but which does colocalize with caveolin. In human kidney, huH1 is highly expressed in a diffuse pattern in the apical domain of proximal tubule cells. huH1 is expressed less abundantly in a vesicular pattern in glomeruli and distal nephron.
Fractional derivatives, fractional integrals and electromagnetic theory

Summary form only given. Fractional derivatives/integrals are mathematical operators involving differentiation/integration to arbitrary noninteger orders-orders that may be fractional or even complex. These operators, which possess interesting mathematical properties, have been studied in the field of fractional calculus. In our study, we have applied the tools of fractional calculus in various problems in electromagnetic fields and waves, and have obtained interesting results that highlight certain notable features and promising potential applications of these operators in electromagnetic theory. Furthermore, since fractional derivatives/integrals are effectively the result of fractionalization of differentiation and integration operators, we have investigated the notion of fractionalization of some other linear operators in electromagnetic theory. Searching for such operator fractionalization has led us to novel solutions, interpretable as "fractional solutions", for certain electromagnetic problems. A brief review of general principles, definitions, and some of the features of fractional derivatives/integrals are given. Then we present an overview of some fractional mathematical operators involving our ideas and findings in developing the differentiation/integration to arbitrary fractional paradigm in electromagnetism and its potential applications, and we discuss some specific cases in detail. Physical insights into these results are also provided and future directions in this area are addressed.
A symmetrical Eulerian identity

Eulerian numbers, introduced by Euler in 1736 [5], while not as ubiquitous as the more familiar Bernoulli numbers, Stirling numbers, harmonic numbers, or binomial coefficients, nevertheless arise in a variety of contexts in enumerative combinatorics, for example, in the enumeration of permutations with a given number of descents [7]. Because the recurrence for Eulerian numbers is a bit more complicated than for many other families of special numbers, and because they increase in size rather rapidly, it was stated in [7] that, “We don’t expect the Eulerian numbers to satisfy as many simple identities.” Nevertheless, the following identity is rather elegant and appears to be new.
Dietary Lipids Inform the Gut and Brain about Meal Arrival via CD36-Mediated Signal Transduction

Sensing mechanisms for nutrients, in particular dietary fat, operate in the mouth, brain, and gastrointestinal tract and play a key role in regulating feeding behavior and energy balance. Critical to these regulatory mechanisms are the specialized receptors present on taste buds on the tongue, on neurons in specialized centers in the brain, and on epithelial and enteroendocrine cells in the intestinal mucosa. These receptors recognize nutrients and respond by inducing intracellular signals that trigger release of bioactive compounds that influence other organs and help coordinate the response to the meal. Components of dietary fat that are recognized by these receptors are the long-chain fatty acids that act as ligands for 2 G protein-coupled receptors, GPR40 and GPR120, and the fatty acid (FA) translocase/CD36. Recent evidence that emphasizes the important role of CD36 in orosensory, intestinal, and neuronal sensing of FAs under physiologic conditions is highlighted in the review. How this role intersects with that of GPR120 and GPR40 in the regulation of food preference and energy balance is briefly discussed.
Nonstatin therapies for management of dyslipidemia: a review.

Abstract Purpose Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Recently published cholesterol treatment guidelines emphasize the use of statins as the preferred treatment strategy for both primary and secondary prevention of CVD. However, the optimal treatment strategy for patients who cannot tolerate statin therapy or those who need additional lipid-lowering therapy is unclear in light of recent evidence that demonstrates a lack of improved cardiovascular outcomes with combination therapy. The purpose of this review is to summarize and interpret evidence that evaluates nonstatin drug classes in reducing cardiovascular outcomes, to provide recommendations for use of nonstatin therapies in clinical practice, and to review emerging nonstatin therapies for management of dyslipidemia. Methods Relevant articles were identified through searches of PubMed, International Pharmaceutical Abstracts, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews by using the terms niacin, omega-3 fatty acids (FAs), clofibrate, fibrate, fenofibrate, fenofibric acid, gemfibrozil, cholestyramine, colestipol, colesevelam, ezetimibe, proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin 9 (PCSK9), cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP), and cardiovascular outcomes. Only English language, human clinical trials, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews were included. Additional references were identified from citations of published articles. Findings Niacin may reduce cardiovascular events as monotherapy; however, recent trials in combination with statins have failed to show a benefit. Trials with omega-3 FAs have failed to demonstrate significant reductions in cardiovascular outcomes. Fibrates may improve cardiovascular outcomes as monotherapy; however, trials in combination with statins have failed to show a benefit, except in those with elevated triglycerides (>200 mg/dL) or low HDL-C ( Implications Nonstatin therapies have a limited role in reducing cardiovascular events in those maintained on guideline-directed statin therapy. In certain clinical situations, such as patients who are unable to tolerate statin therapy or recommended intensities of statin therapy, those with persistent severe elevations in triglycerides, or patients with high cardiovascular risk, some nonstatin therapies may be useful in reducing cardiovascular events. Future research is needed to evaluate the role of nonstatin therapies in those who are unable to tolerate guideline-directed statin doses.
The Vibrational Spectrum of Isotactic Polystyrene I: Normal Coordinate Calculations of the Completely Deuterated Polymer

The normal modes and dispersion curves of completely deuterated isotactic polystyrene (IPS-d8) have been calculated using a previously developed force field. A good agreement was found between the calculated frequencies and those observed in the experimental infrared and Raman spectra. The results obtained are important to our subsequent study of the effect of mass defects on the vibrational spectrum of IPS.
A study of the effect of ionizing radiations on lactoperoxidase.

The effects of X-irradiation on lactoperoxidase were studied by means of spectra and enzyme activity. Changes in the absorption spectra of the enzyme on irradiation were most prominent at 250, 310 and 412 mμ and were similar to the changes observed on photo-irradiation of the enzyme. The inactivation of the enzyme is not related exponentially or linearly to the irradiation dose. However, a linear relationship was observed between enzyme activity and changes at 412 mμ. Inactivation was probably due to two reactions: (1) free radical reactions which destroyed the tetrapyrrole nucleus and (2) reactions which destroyed that portion of the protein which is part of the active center of the molecule. A G value of approximately 0.04 was obtained for the lactoperoxidase.
Relationships between pay satisfaction, work‐family conflict, and coaching turnover intentions

Purpose – The purpose of this study is to examine within college coaches the effects of pay satisfaction and work‐family conflict (WFC) on occupational turnover intentions. Specifically, it predicts that WFC would mediate the relationship between satisfaction with pay to occupational turnover intentions.Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected through a mailed questionnaire of college coaches. Regression analysis was used to test the mediated relationship.Findings – Results confirmed a significant relationship between all variables in the study (p<0.001 for all). Using regression, when pay satisfaction and WFC were used to predict occupational turnover intentions, the mediator, WFC (β=0.29, p<0.001), maintained its effect on turnover. However, satisfaction with pay was insignificant, suggesting the mediated relationship.Research limitations/implications – While several areas within sport are impacted by dissatisfaction with pay and WFC, this sample was limited to college coaches.Practical implica...
Discrete Gastrointestinal Mass Lesions Caused by Cytomegalovirus in Patients with AIDS: Report of Three Cases and Review

We report the detailed clinical features of discrete mass lesions of the gastrointestinal tract caused by cytomegalovirus in three patients who had the acquired immunodeficiency virus syndrome. The disease occurred in the fundus of the stomach in one patient and in the cecum in the other two persons. The symptoms as well as radiographic and endoscopic findings in each case are described and are shown to be indistinguishable from those resulting from a neoplasm. The diagnosis was established by the presence of inflammation with cytomegalovirus-like inclusions and confirmed by immunoperoxidase staining. Cytomegalovirus infection should be considered, along with Kaposi's sarcoma and lymphoma, as a cause of focal mass lesions of the alimentary tract in persons infected with HIV.
Elderly patients’ heart-related conditions: Disclosing health information differs by target

Americans are living longer, and many are managing at least one chronic illness. Having people with whom to disclose health information is a salient component of managing a chronic health condition, such as heart disease. The purpose of this study is to explore differences in elderly patients’ health disclosures by target (i.e. disclosing to a partner vs. another person). Elderly patients (>age 60) with a diagnosed heart-related condition (n = 273) completed a survey regarding sharing information about their health condition. Results indicated significant differences between the two groups in perceived support; breadth, depth, and frequency of disclosures; and disclosure of psychological/emotional symptoms, physical symptoms, and talk about heart-healthy behaviors. No significant differences were found between the two groups for relationship quality and efficacy. Patients who reported sharing information with a partner reported significantly more health information disclosures compared to patients who rep...
Human PTH-(7-84) inhibits bone resorption in vitro via actions independent of the type 1 PTH/PTHrP receptor.

The linear sequence of intact mammalian PTH consists of 84 amino acids, of which only the most amino(N)-terminal portion, i.e. PTH-(1-34), is required for the classical actions of the hormone on mineral ion homeostasis mediated by the type 1 PTH/PTHrP receptor (PTH1R). Like the N-terminus, the carboxyl (C)-terminal sequence of PTH is highly conserved among species, and various circulating PTH C-fragments are generated by peripheral metabolism of intact PTH or are directly secreted, in a calcium-dependent manner, by the parathyroid glands. Certain synthetic PTH C-fragments exert actions on bone and cartilage cells that are not shared by PTH-(1-34), and specific binding of PTH C-peptides has been demonstrated in bone cells in which PTH1R expression was eliminated by gene targeting. The peptide human (h) PTH-(7-84) recently was shown to inhibit the calcemic actions of hPTH-(1-34) or hPTH-(1-84) in parathyroidectomized animals. To determine whether this anticalcemic effect of hPTH-(7-84) in vivo might result from direct actions on bone, we studied its effects on both resorption of intact bone in vitro and formation of osteoclasts in primary cultures of murine bone marrow. Human (h) PTH-(7-84) (300 nM) reduced basal 72-h release of preincorporated (45)Ca from neonatal mouse calvariae by 50% (9.6 +/- 1.9% vs. 17.8 +/- 5.7%; P < 0.001) and similarly inhibited resorption induced by hPTH-(1-84), hPTH-(1-34), 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D(3) (VitD), PGE(2), or IL-11. In 12-d murine marrow cultures, both hPTH-(7-84) (300 nM) and hPTH-(39-84) (3000 nM) lowered VitD-dependent formation of osteoclast-like cells by 70%. On the contrary, these actions of hPTH-(7-84) were not observed with the PTH1R antagonists hPTH-(3-34)NH(2) and [L(11),D-W(12),W(23),Y(36)]hPTHrP-(7-36)NH(2), which, unlike hPTH-(7-84), did inhibit PTH1R-dependent cAMP accumulation in ROS 17/2.8 cells. We conclude that hPTH-(7-84), acting via receptors distinct from the PTH1R and presumably specific for PTH C-fragments, exerts a direct antiresorptive effect on bone that may be partly due to impaired osteoclast differentiation.
The Paradox of Faculty Publications in Professional Journals

Abstract The author reviews the companion papers about bibliometrics prepared for this volume and concludes that each makes a unique contribution to the growth of scholarship within the profession. However, a major practical limitation of the system advocated by the authors of these papers for faculty in schools of social work is also identified. Because only a limited number of social work faculty members produce the volume of articles required by the proposed system, the proposed system can be used currently by only a small number of schools and departments of social work.
Palliative radiation therapy for metastases in base of skull and cranial nerves.

Comments on published articles, short communications of a preliminary nature, case reports, technical notes and the like are accepted under this heading. The articles should be short and concise and contain a minimum of figures, tables and references
The Influence of Peanut Fatty Acid Methyl Ester Blends on Combustion in an Indirect Injection Diesel Engine

The project investigates the effects of peanut FAME on diesel engine combustion and thermal efficiency. The cold flow properties and viscosity were tested and were found that the cloud point (CP) and pour point (PP) of peanut FAME were 17°C and 8°C respectively, and was able to achieve CP of 0°C when blended 20:80 (wt%) with diesel No. 2 (P20). The dynamic viscosity of peanut FAME was 4.2cP (P100) and 2.85cP at 54°C (P20), both fuels are within the ASTM standard for biodiesel. The lower heating value (LHV) of peanut FAME was 37.10MJ/kg (P100) and 41.3MJ/kg (P20) compared to 41.7MJ/kg for diesel No.2 (D100), which supports the usage of peanut FAME in compression ignition engines. At residence time of 5ms from start of injection, P50 has shown positive combustion characteristics with ignition delay of 1.072ms at 2600rpm, 4.78 bmep (100% load). The P50 heat release displayed similar development compared with diesel No. 2, where premixed phase combined with diffusion combustion and reaching a maximum of 20.0J/CAD, which was higher than 17.5J/CAD for D100. Convection flux for both D100 and P50 had values of 1.4MW/m2 . The total heat flux, calculated by Annand model, produced maximum values of 2.1MW/m2 for D100 compared with 2.3MW/m2 for the P50. The mechanical efficiency was only a 4% loss when observing the transition from D100 to P50. These findings support peanut FAME as a viable option when blended and used with diesel engines in order to meet the standards set forth by the RSF-2 and EISA allowing the U.S. to decrease foreign energy dependency and benefiting society through a cleaner burning fuel than is currently in use.Copyright © 2011 by ASME
Capsule commentary on Fuster et al., no detectable association between frequency of marijuana use and health or healthcare utilization among patients who screen positive for drug use.

The risks and benefits of marijuana have been the subject of vigorous debate for many years. The observational study by Fuster et al.1 provides us with some insight into the risks, or lack thereof. The researchers studied a cohort of 589 primary care patients who screened positive for recent illicit or nonmedical prescription drug use. As would be expected, marijuana was the most commonly used drug, with 84 % reporting use in the past 3 months—almost one-third of these users reported daily use. The researchers found no association between marijuana use and hospitalization, emergency department utilization or quality of life. Aside from the usual limitations of observational research, the biggest problem with this study was that it included only drug users and did not include a comparison group of non-users. Nevertheless, it raises questions about the harms of marijuana use, particularly among individuals who use other drugs. Previous research has largely failed to find significant harms from marijuana use.2,3 The most concerning findings to date have been associations between marijuana use among youth and subsequent psychotic illness,4 and between acute use and motor vehicle collisions.5 While the Federal Government classifies marijuana as a high-risk substance, it is clear that the risks associated with its use are less than the two most commonly used (and legal) substances: alcohol and tobacco. How should clinicians use this information? When assessing a patient who uses marijuana, it is probably best to use a patient-centered approach. Blanket statements condemning its use or exaggerated claims regarding harms are unlikely to have any effect and only serve to reduce clinician’s credibility. It is reasonable to counsel younger users on the risks of psychotic illness and to warn drivers on the risk of collisions when under the influence. For others, it is probably best to assess the effect marijuana use has on their lives and to focus our efforts on those who show evidence of harm.
The Theory of Multiple Intelligences

The concept of race itself is intensely debated in the social and behavioral sciences, with some subscribing to the notion that it represents a biological fact. As with race, there is no universally accepted definition of intelligence. Admittedly, intelligence testing has come a long way in the past 100 years. Developers of modern tests of cognitive ability have attempted to achieve culture neutrality and tap a broader spectrum of underlying skills, and IQ has become a far more psychometrically sophisticated concept. The relationship between IQ and socioeconomic status (SES) is only one argument challenging hereditarian assumptions about the largely genetic nature of intelligence. Continued research on race and intelligence is important, particularly with regard to the etiology of differences in IQ scores. In conducting studies of this nature, however, investigators must be objective, comprehensive, and cautious, given the potential for divisiveness and far-reaching sociopolitical implications.
A preliminary phytochemical study of Hippomane mancinella L.

A phytochemical study was made on Hippomane mancinella L. Alpha-carotene and 2-hydroxy-4,6-dimethoxyacetohenone were isolated from the leaves. The most toxic extract was the aqueous extract of the wood and the alcoholic extract was the next most toxic; however, the toxic constituents were not isolated.
Commensurate-incommensurate transition of Kr-Xe mixtures on graphite.

We report high-resolution x-ray scattering measurements of the commensurate-incommensurate transition of Kr on graphite which has been preplated with 0.1 monolayer of Xe. The Xe raises transition pressure, and produces a 31% range of pressures over which composite lineshapes are observed. These results are discussed in terms of a solubility gap between commensurate and incommensurate phases.
Interrupted adenylation domains: unique bifunctional enzymes involved in nonribosomal peptide biosynthesis

Covering up to 2014 Nonribosomal peptides (NRPs) account for a large portion of drugs and drug leads currently available in the pharmaceutical industry. They are one of two main families of natural products biosynthesized on megaenzyme assembly-lines composed of multiple modules that are, in general, each comprised of three core domains and on occasion of accompanying auxiliary domains. The core adenylation (A) domains are known to delineate the identity of the specific chemical components to be incorporated into the growing NRPs. Previously believed to be inactive, A domains interrupted by auxiliary enzymes have recently been proven to be active and capable of performing two distinct chemical reactions. This highlight summarizes current knowledge on A domains and presents the various interrupted A domains found in a number of nonribosomal peptide synthetase (NRPS) assembly-lines, their predicted or proven dual functions, and their potential for manipulation and engineering for chemoenzymatic synthesis of new pharmaceutical agents with increased potency.
Similarity and categorization of environmental sounds.

Four experiments investigated the acoustical correlates of similarity and categorization judgments of environmental sounds. In Experiment 1, similarity ratings were obtained from pairwise comparisons of recordings of 50 environmental sounds. A three-dimensional multidimensional scaling (MDS) solution showed three distinct clusterings of the sounds, which included harmonic sounds, discrete impact sounds, and continuous sounds. Furthermore, sounds from similar sources tended to be in close proximity to each other in the MDS space. The orderings of the sounds on the individual dimensions of the solution were well predicted by linear combinations of acoustic variables, such as harmonicity, amount of silence, and modulation depth. The orderings of sounds also correlated significantly with MDS solutions for similarity ratings of imagined sounds and for imagined sources of sounds, obtained in Experiments 2 and 3—as was the case for free categorization of the 50 sounds (Experiment 4)—although the categorization data were less well predicted by acoustic features than were the similarity data.
Conflict within the structure of peer mediation: An examination of controlled confrontations in an at-risk school

The purpose of the research reported in this article was to examine the conflict mediation process among middle school students through critical observations and by addressing the disputants' perceptions of their experiences. The interactions and mediations that were observed are examined by the ways in which mediators' adherence to, and deviation from, the mediation script influenced the mediation and the disputants' perceptions of their mediation experience.
Effects of dietary borage oil rich in gamma-linolenic acid on blood pressure and vascular reactivity

Abstract To assess the effects of dietary borage oil on blood pressure and vascular reactivity, male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed a purified diet with 11% wt of either sesame oil (SES) rich in oleic acid or borage oil (BOR) rich in gamma-linolenic acid for 7 weeks. Blood pressure measured by tail cuff method, intraarterial pressor response to graded intravenous infusion of angiotensin II (AII) and norepinephrine (NE) and vascular reactivity of isolated aortic segments to potassium chloride (KCL), NE, serotonin and AII were studied. BOR-fed rats had lower systolic blood pressure which was most marked at weeks 3, 5 and 6. Moreover, BOR-fed rats had attenuated in vivo pressor responses to both NE and AII. Maximal contractile force by aortic segments in vitro in response to NE and AII was significantly lower in BOR-fed rats. There was no difference in the contractile responses to KCL or serotonin. The results indicate that the blood pressure lowering effect of BOR may be mediated by alterations in the pressor responses and vascular reactivity to NE and AII.
Heavy-quark spectroscopy for effective-action models

Results are reported for an application of the effective-action method to the computation of spectra for $c\stackrel{-}{c}$, $b\stackrel{-}{b}$, and $t\stackrel{-}{t}$ systems. The method determines static potentials from models for the vacuum dielectric permeability, of which two are considered: the leading-logarithm model and a hard-bag model. The spectra are then computed with standard nonrelativistic techniques. A new value of the leading-logarithm-model parameter $\ensuremath{\kappa}$ is obtained from a fit to $b\stackrel{-}{b}$ data; it corresponds to a value of 161 MeV for ${\ensuremath{\Lambda}}_{\stackrel{-}{\mathrm{MS}}}$, the scale mass of quantum chromodynamics ($\stackrel{-}{\mathrm{MS}}$ denotes the modified minimal-subtraction scheme).
Causality and intraurban location

Abstract Most intraurban location models in urban economics are based on a a priori assumption that employment is exogenous and a determinant of residential location. In this paper this assumption is relaxed or tested by estimating a dynamic model using pooled cross-sectional time-series data; the results suggest that causality runs from residence to employment, not vice versa.
DEFINING ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM

(2001). DEFINING ENVIRONMENTAL JUSTICE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RACISM. Urban Geography: Vol. 22, No. 1, pp. 78-90.
Modernism, state sovereignty and dissent: media and the new post-cold war movements

Post-cold war theories of the press and foreign policy have noted a new, less consistent relationship between political and media elites. Political communication scholars have developed three general models in response, but these do not seem to map well to press coverage of the anti-globalization movement that has emerged in recent years. This paper argues for a new theory of the press and oppositional politics in an environment that has altered the equilibrium between media, political elites, and interest groups. The new political environment results from three principal causes: the erosion of state sovereignty over the political economy, the elimination of the Soviet system as a rhetorical resource for movement critics, and new information technologies that alter movement structure and thus increase its resilience. Analysis of two streams of media content, news and editorial, on the protests at the 1999 meetings of the World Trade Organization reveals an anomalous reversal for received theories of media...
Abstract 3622: Predicting response to EC145 therapy using the folate receptor-specific radiodiagnostic imaging agent, 99mTc-EC20

Proceedings: AACR 103rd Annual Meeting 2012‐‐ Mar 31‐Apr 4, 2012; Chicago, IL EC145 is a potent folate-targeted Vinca alkaloid conjugate that is currently being evaluated in a global phase 3 trial for the treatment of platinum-resistant ovarian cancer. By design, response to EC145 should be dependent on folate receptor (FR) expression. Therefore, characterizing the presence and functionality of the FR in real time is critical for the selection of patients for whom FR-targeted therapy may be beneficial. A promising method that's currently being co-developed with EC145 is to image patients prior to therapy using 99mTc-EC20, which is a small molecular weight folate-targeted companion imaging agent. Similar to EC145, 99mTc-EC20 binds to the FR with high affinity (Kd ∼ 3 nM) in a manner that is both saturable and independent of the cell type. 99mTc-EC20's binding specificity has been confirmed using validated preclinical models where it was found that i) binding of 99mTc-EC20 to cells or accumulation within solid tumors is dependent on FR expression (but independent of isoform), and ii) excess folic acid can competitively block 99mTc-EC20's cell/tissue binding. Furthermore, EC145 was also found to displace pre-bound 99mTc-EC20 from FR-positive tumors and kidneys in mice, strongly suggesting that EC145 and 99mTc-EC20 distribute similarly in vivo. Taken together, these findings indicate that the FR mediates tissue uptake of 99mTc-EC20. Since 99mTc-EC20 provides a non-invasive, real-time assessment of functionally active as well as anatomically-accessible FRs, this radiodiagnostic agent may predict what tissues will accumulate and potentially respond to folate-targeted drugs, such as EC145. Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 3622. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-3622
HPA Axis Genetic Variation, Cortisol, and Psychosis in Major Depression

Genetic variation underlying hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis overactivity in healthy controls (HCs) and patients with severe forms of major depression has not been well explored, but could explain risk for cortisol dysregulation. In total, 95 participants were studied: 40 patients with psychotic major depression (PMD); 26 patients with non-psychotic major depression (NPMD); and 29 HCs. Collection of genetic material was added one third of the way into a larger study on cortisol, cognition and psychosis in major depression. Subjects were assessed using the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale and the Structured Clinical Interview for Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. Blood was collected hourly for determination of cortisol from 1800 to 0900 h and for the assessment of alleles for six genes involved in HPA axis regulation. Two of the six genes contributed significantly to cortisol levels, psychosis measures or depression severity. After accounting for age, depression and psychosis, and medication status, only allelic variation for the glucocorticoid receptor (GR) gene accounted for a significant variance for mean cortisol levels from 1800 to 0100 h (r(2)=0.288) and from 0100 to 0900 h (r(2)=0.171). In addition, GR and corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1 (CRHR1) genotypes contributed significantly to psychosis measures and CRHR1 contributed significantly to depression severity rating.
Research Notes. Production Management Is Alive and Well

The article appraises the observations and trends that have led to the conclusion that production management education is dying, as of 1974. Several observations are used as basis for the predictin...
Thermal Analysis Studies on the Slow‐Propagation Tungsten Type Delay Composition System

Thermal analysis techniques were applied to investigate the reaction characteristics of a slow-propagation tungsten type delay composition system by means of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermogravimetry (TG). The ingredients of the delay composition were tungsten, barium chromate, potassium perchlorate, diatomaceous earth, and Viton. A formula of delay composition with a weight percentage of W/BaCrO4/KClO4/D. E./Viton=27 : 54 : 11 : 6 : 2 has been used in a self-destruction mechanism of fuse, which was set as the original formula. In the first place, the reaction heat and weight loss for different compositions without Viton were measured during the reaction. The influence of each ingredient of the formula on the reaction system was analyzed from these experimental results. Afterward Viton was added in the samples of experiment to measure and analyze the influence of Viton on the reaction system. Finally, 28 experimental formulas of delay composition were designed on the condition that the weight percentage of Viton was kept constant and the maximum variation of weight percentage of all the others was limited within 20%. The delay compositions of various formulas were granulated and then the variations of reaction characteristics were measured to analyze the influence of weight variation of each ingredient on reaction characteristics. The results of this study are very important and useful for improving the self-destruction mechanism of fuse.