cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Initiated Chemical Vapor Deposition-Based Method for Patterning Polymer and Metal Microstructures on Curved Substrates

A simple, efficient, and scalable method for patterning microstructures on curved substrates is demonstrated. Initiated chemical vapor deposition is used to synthesize a thin film that crosslinks upon UV exposure. Polymeric features are defined on glass rods with high curvature and used as masks for metal patterning. Additionally, vapor-deposited polymer layers are selectively patterned to produce bifunctional surfaces.
Comparison of 2- and 10-µm Coherent Doppler Lidar Performance

The performance of 2- and 10-micron coherent Doppler lidar is presented in terms of the statistical distribution of the maximum-likelihood velocity estimator from simulations for fixed range resolution and fixed velocity search space as a function of the number of coherent photoelectrons per estimate. The wavelength dependence of the aerosol backscatter coefficient, the detector quantum efficiency, and the atmospheric extinction produce a simple shift of the performance curves. Results are presented for a typical boundary layer measurement and a space-based measurement for two regimes: the pulse-dominated regime where the signal statistics are determined by the transmitted pulse, and the atmospheric-dominated regime where the signal statistics are determined by the velocity fluctuations over the range gate. The optimal choice of wavelength depends on the problem under consideration.
The Threat in the Cloud

If we're going to stick all the cryptographic services in cloud-based virtual machines, how secure can we expect them to be? The answer is-unfortunately-not very.
CC or CO Bond Cleavage in a Phenolic Lignin Model Compound: Selectivity Depends on Vanadium Catalyst†

The aerobic oxidation of a phenolic lignin model compound with a vanadium catalyst results in the oxidative cleavage of the C-C bond between the aryl ring and the adjacent hydroxy-substituted carbon atom. Labeling experiments indicate key mechanistic differences to a previously reported related C-O bond cleavage reaction. The selectivity in C-C versus C-O bond cleavage depends on the choice of the vanadium catalyst.
17β‐estradiol protects against hypoxic/ischemic white matter damage in the neonatal rat brain

Developing oligodendrocytes (pre-OLs) are highly vulnerable to hypoxic-ischemic injury and associated excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. 17β-Estradiol plays an important role in the development and function of the CNS and is neuroprotective. The sudden drop in circulating estrogen after birth may enhance the susceptibility of developing OLs to injury. Estrogen receptor (ER)– α and ER-β are both expressed in OLs. We examined the effect of 17β-estradiol on oxygen-glucose deprivation and oxidative stress–induced cell death in rat pre-OLs in vitro and on hypoxic-ischemic brain injury in vivo. Pre-OLs in culture were subjected to oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) or glutathione depletion in the presence or absence of 17β-estradiol. LDH release, the Alamar blue assay, and phase-contrast microscopy were used to assess cell viability. Hypoxic-ischemic injury was generated in 6-day-old rats (P6) by unilateral carotid ligation and hypoxia (6% O2 for 1 hr). Rat pups received one intraperitoneal injection of 300 or 600 µg/kg 17β-estradiol or vehicle 12 hr prior to the surgical procedure. Injury was assessed by myelin basic protein (MBP) immunocytochemistry at P10. 17β-Estradiol produced significant protection against OGD-induced cell death in primary OLs (EC50 = 1.3 ± 0.46 × 10−9 M) and against oxidative stress. Moreover, 17β-estradiol attenuated the loss of MBP labeling in P10 pups ipsilateral to the carotid ligation. These results suggest a potential role for estrogens in attenuation of hypoxic-is-chemic and oxidative injury to developing OLs and in the prevention of periventricular leukomalacia.
Mechanical properties and microstructural characterization of a superplastic TiAl alloy

Superplastic deformation in a γ-TiAl which had a duplex microstructure, equiaxed primary γ and lamellar α2 + γ, was investigated with respect to the effect of temperature, strain rate, and environment. A maximum elongation of 540% was obtained at 1280 °C and a strain rate of 8 × 10−5 s−1 in argon. The specimens tested in argon yield substantially higher ductility than those tested in vacuum. An argon environment is also more favorable than vacuum in terms of desirable microstructure because of the retardation of aluminum depletion at the testing temperature. Microstructural examination revealed significant grain growth and cavitation in a Ti-rich layer near the surface. The α phase interspersed between the γ phase accommodated grain boundary sliding and retarded grain growth because of the chemical dissimilarity between the α and γ phases. Possible high temperature deformation mechanisms of this alloy are also discussed.
Single- Versus Double-Lung Transplantation For Pulmonary Hypertension☆☆☆★★★

Abstract Objectives: Uncertainty persists as to the best lung transplant operation for patients with pulmonary hypertension. To quantify short- and long-term outcomes after single- and double-lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension, we reviewed our clinical experience. Methods: A retrospective review of 58 lung transplants at a single institution between 1989 and 1996 was performed. Recipients had primary ( n = 19) or secondary ( n = 39) pulmonary hypertension. Results: Thirty-seven double- and 21 single-lung transplants were performed. The groups were well matched with regard to preoperative characteristics. Cardiopulmonary bypass time was longer (151 vs 250 minutes) in the double-lung group. Excluding 10 patients surviving less than 30 days (6 double- and 4 single-lung transplants), median duration of intubation (7.5 vs 10 days), length of stay in the intensive care unit (10 vs 16 days), and hospital stay (32 vs 52 days) were not significantly different for the single- and double-lung groups, respectively. Actuarial survival was nearly identical, with 81% and 84% 1-month survivals for the single- and double-lung groups, and identical 1-year (67%) and 4-year (57%) survivals for both groups. Late functional status was similar for recipients of single- and double-lung grafts. During the period of this study, 58 patients with pulmonary hypertension died on our center's waiting list before coming to transplantation. Conclusions: These data suggest that lung transplant recipients with pulmonary hypertension have similar outcomes after single- or double-lung transplantation. These results support cautious preferential application of single-lung transplantation for pulmonary hypertension.(J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1998;115:397-403)
Structure functions from HERA

Abstract Structure function results from HERA over 4 decades in x and 5 decades in Q 2 are reviewed. The salient features of the data, the rise of F 2 at low x and scaling violations, are discussed and in conjunction with the results of NLO QCD fits to the data. Recent low- Q 2 data are presented and the transition toward the perturbative regime is discussed. Recent cross-section results and a new method for the extraction of F L are presented.
Evidence for Dendritic Cell-Dependent CD4+ T Helper-1 Type Responses to Commensal Bacteria in Normal Human Intestinal Lamina Propria

Reactivity of lamina propria (LP) T cells to commensal bacteria has been demonstrated in animal models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and in humans with IBD, but few studies have evaluated the function of such cells in normal individuals. LP mononuclear cells (LPMC) were disaggregated from healthy human intestinal tissue and cultured with heat-killed commensal and pathogenic bacteria. CD3(+)CD4(+) IFN-gamma-producing (Th1) cells reactive to commensal bacteria were demonstrated at frequencies ranging from 0.05 to 2.28% in LPMC. Bacteria-specific Th1 responses were inhibited by anti-HLA-DR antibodies and chloroquine exposure, were enriched in LP relative to peripheral blood, and expressed effector memory cell markers. Bacteria-specific CD4(+) T cell proliferation in vitro was dependent on the presence of LP dendritic cells (DCs), which produced pro-inflammatory cytokines upon bacterial exposure. These results suggest that bacteria-reactive DCs and CD4(+) T cells in normal LP have substantial pro-inflammatory potential that is revealed upon disaggregation in vitro.
Anomaly localization for network data streams with graph joint sparse PCA

Determining anomalies in data streams that are collected and transformed from various types of networks has recently attracted significant research interest. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) has been extensively applied to detecting anomalies in network data streams. However, none of existing PCA based approaches addresses the problem of identifying the sources that contribute most to the observed anomaly, or anomaly localization. In this paper, we propose novel sparse PCA methods to perform anomaly detection and localization for network data streams. Our key observation is that we can localize anomalies by identifying a sparse low dimensional space that captures the abnormal events in data streams. To better capture the sources of anomalies, we incorporate the structure information of the network stream data in our anomaly localization framework. We have performed comprehensive experimental studies of the proposed methods, and have compared our methods with the state-ofthe-art using three real-world data sets from different application domains. Our experimental studies demonstrate the utility of the proposed methods.
Vomeronasal and olfactory pathways to the amygdala controlling male hamster sexual behavior: Autoradiographic and behavioral analyses

Previous studies suggest that the rostral corticomedial amygdala (CMA), particularly the medial nucleus, is an important site where vomeronasal and olfactory stimuli critical to male hamster copulatory behavior are processed. To test the possibility that mating deficits seen after lesions of the rostrally-placed medial nucleus may be due to the interruption of chemosensory afferents to more caudal areas, we injected tritiated amino acids into the accessory and main olfactory bulbs of male hamsters in which we had first produced bilateral electrolytic lesions or sham lesions in either the rostral CMA or basolateral amygdala, and then observed mating behavior. Autoradiographic analysis of "vomeronasal' projections from the accessory olfactory bulb and "olfactory' projections from the main bulb, revealed that rostral CMA lesions which damaged the medial nucleus and extended to the ventral surface of the brain (ventral lesions) interrupted vomeronasal input to the more caudally-placed posteromedial cortical nucleus, but spared olfactory inputs to adjacent caudal areas of the amygdala and piriform lobe. In contrast, lesions which damaged a major portion of the medial nucleus but left its ventral surface intact (dorsal lesions) spared both vomeronasal and olfactory inputs to more caudal areas. Animals with both dorsal and ventral lesions failed to mate postoperatively, whereas animals bearing sham lesions of basolateral amygdaloid lesions, which, like dorsal lesions, spared caudally-directed chemosensory afferents, continued to mate normally. We conclude that mating deficits seen after rostral CMA lesions are due primarily to destruction of the medial nucleus.
Improvements in Physical-Property Models Used in Micellar/Polymer Flooding

This is one of three companion papers describing a micellar/polymer or chemical flood simulator and comparing its results to experimental data. Various physical-property models required by chemical flood simulators have been improved and others developed. The most significant development is the use of pseudophases to model phase behavior. The method allows representation of four pseudocomponents. This is made possible by assuming that alcohol is distributed among the other three pseudocomponents, thus forming three pseudophases that are assumed to be in thermodynamic equilibrium. Another improvement related to the ion-exchange model. Cations are considered to exchange with both surfactant micelles and clays. The model assumes the exchange to be entirely a result of electrostatic association. A model for treating physical dispersion coefficients as a function of saturations has been added. The model is based on experimental evidence and is purely empirical.
Is the tracer velocity of a fluid continuum equal to its mass velocity

Owing to its size independence in the so-called near-continuum vanishingly small Knudsen number regime (Kn<<1) , thermophoretic particle motion occurring in an otherwise quiescent gas under the influence of a temperature gradient is here interpreted as representing the motion of a tracer, namely, an effectively point-size test particle monitoring the local velocity of the undisturbed, particle-free, compressible gas continuum through space. "Compressibility" refers here not to the usual effect of pressure on the gas's mass density rho but rather to the effect thereon of temperature. Our unorthodox continuum interpretation of thermophoresis differs from the usual one, which regards the existence of thermophoretic forces in gases as a strictly noncontinuum phenomenon, involving thermal stress-induced Maxwell slip ("thermal creep") of the gas's mass velocity vm at the surface of the particle, with vm denoting the velocity appearing in the continuity equation expressing the law of conservation of mass. Explicitly, instead of regarding the thermally animated particle as moving through the gas, we regard the particle (in its hypothesized role as a tracer of the undisturbed, particle-free, fluid motion) as moving with the gas, through space; that is, the particle is viewed as simply being entrained in the flowing gas, which, as a result of an externally applied temperature gradient, was already in motion prior to the tracer's introduction into the fluid--albeit not mass motion (which is, in fact, identically zero) but rather volume motion. This tracer-particle interpretation of experimental thermophoretic particle velocity measurements raises fundamental issues in regard to the universally accepted Newtonian rheological law constitutively specifying the viscous or deviatoric stress T as being proportional to the (symmetrized, traceless) fluid velocity gradient inverted Deltav , with v identified as being the fluid's mass velocity vm . Rather, it is argued in the case of compressible fluids, including liquids, that v should, instead, be chosen as the fluid's volume flux density or current density nv , the latter being formally equivalent to the fluid's volume velocity vv , which differs from vm except in the case of incompressible fluids. Apart from this strictly constitutive issue in regard to T , it is further argued that the fluid's tracer or Lagrangian velocity vl:=(deltax/deltat) (x0) along the fluid's spatiotemporal trajectory x=x (x0,t) is equal to vv, rather than to vm. This too is contrary to the heretofore unquestioned supposition that the conceptually distinct fluid velocities vl and vm are not only equal but are, in fact, synonymous. To the extent that vl not equal vm in the nonisothermal fluid case, an optical dye- or photochromic-type experiment (each of the latter two experiments presumably serving to measure vm) will record a different velocity than would a comparable tracer particle velocity measurement, one that measures vl .
L-shaped piezoelectric motor-part II: Analytical modeling

This paper develops an analytical model for an L-shaped piezoelectric motor. The motor structure has been described in detail in Part I of this study. The coupling of the bending vibration mode of the bimorphs results in an elliptical motion at the tip. The emphasis of this paper is on the development of a precise analytical model which can predict the dynamic behavior of the motor based on its geometry. The motor was first modeled mechanically to identify the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure. Next, an electromechanical model of the motor was developed to take into account the piezoelectric effect, and dynamics of L-shaped piezoelectric motor were obtained as a function of voltage and frequency. Finally, the analytical model was validated by comparing it to experiment results and the finite element method (FEM).
NAEP and National Testing: Issues and Implications for Educators:

The push for national examinations is motivated by unrealistic expectations about the information they will yield, according to this writer, who looks at current proposals to transform the functions of a widely accepted national assessment instrument.
Oral administration of different forms of a tolerogenic peptide to define the preparations and doses that delay anti-DNA antibody production and nephritis and prolong survival in SLE-prone mice.

Therapeutic agents currently in use to treat systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) are predominantly immunosuppressive agents with limited specificities. Multiple groups, including ours, have illustra...
PREMIO: an overview (object recognition)

A model-based vision system attempts to find a correspondence between features of an object model and features detected in an image. Most feature-based matching schemes assume that all the features that are potentially visible in a view of all object will appear with equal probability. The resultant matching algorithms have to allow for 'errors' without really understanding what they mean. PREMIO is an object recognition/localization system under construction at the University of Washington that attempts to model some of the physical processes that can cause these 'errors'. PREMIO combines techniques of analytic graphics and computer vision to predict how features of the object will appear in images under various assumptions of lighting, viewpoint, sensor, and image processing operators. These analytic predictions are used in a probabilistic matching algorithm to guide the search and to greatly reduce the search space. >
Early interactions between the life insurance and computer industries: the Prudential's Edmund C. Berkeley

Studies how a representative of one commercial user industry, life insurance, interacted with key players in the newly forming computer industry after World War II but before any computers were sold for commercial purposes. In particular, this paper shows how the Prudential's early computer expert and proselytizer, Edmund Callis Berkeley, viewed computer technology and its potential uses in life insurance, as well as the ways in which he influenced its development. Immediately after the war, Berkeley set out to educate his superiors at the Prudential and the life insurance industry as a whole about the potential uses of computers for insurance; at the same time, he communicated that industry's needs, especially in the areas of rapid input-output and verification, to potential computer vendors. His internal efforts culminated in the contract that the Prudential signed for a Univac computer. Although the contract was ultimately broken, Berkeley's efforts appear to have influenced J. Presper Eckert Jr. and John Mauchly in their development of the technology. Berkeley's activities in the 1940s reveal that interaction between vendors and representatives of potential commercial users was earlier and more intense than historical accounts of computing generally recognize and that users may exert a powerful influence on the development of technology.
A 9.4-bit, 50-MS/s, 1.44-mW Pipelined ADC Using Dynamic Source Follower Residue Amplification

A low-power pipelined ADC featuring dynamic source follower amplifiers is presented in this paper. The proposed dynamic source follower-based architecture provides a low-power alternative to the traditional opamp-based MDAC circuits. This new type of circuit dynamically charges its load capacitance without a large bias current, leading to significant power savings. The presented ADC includes a low-power comparator with offset calibration and uses digital calibration for gain correction. Measured results indicate that the 9.4-bit, 50-MS/s prototype ADC achieves an SNDR of 49.2 dB (7.9 ENOB) and consumes 1.44 mW from a 1.2-V supply, resulting in a figure of merit of 119 fJ/conversion-step. The converter's input capacitance is 90 fF and the total active area is 0.123 mm2 in a 90 nm CMOS process.
Characterizing efficiency of human robot interaction: a case study of shared-control teleoperation

Human-robot interaction is becoming an increasingly important research area. In this paper, we present a theoretical characterization of interaction efficiency with an aim towards designing a human-robot system with adjustable robot autonomy. In our approach, we analyze how modifying robot control schemes for a given autonomy mode can increase system performance and decrease workload demands on the human operator. We then perform a case study of the design of a shared-control teleoperation scheme and compare interaction efficiency against a traditional manual-control teleoperation scheme.
Immersing undergraduate students into research on the metagenomics of the plant rhizosphere: a pedagogical strategy to engage civic-mindedness and retain undergraduates in STEM

Do you find yourself teaching courses and watching the students' eyes glaze over, clearly disengaged from the class material? Are you concerned that bright young undergraduates spend too much time memorizing esoteric facts from a textbook and regurgitating them on exams rather than motivating themselves to delve deeply into scientific literature, explore the questions and issues confronting modern scientists, and seek out solutions by employing their critical thinking skills and creativity? Have you ever asked your undergraduate students how they would make 100 mL of a 10% sucrose solution and they don't know the answer? Students most certainly encounter this type of quantitative reasoning problem in their Chemistry courses, so are you surprised when transferring this highly practical skill set to analogous problems in a Biology course presents such a challenge to students? If any of these questions provokes a “yes,” you should consider offering a course that ties research and teaching together and at the same time addresses issues that are relevant to real life. By implementing such courses at UCLA, where we focus on global climate change, soil erosion and degradation, increasing numbers of antibiotic resistant bacteria, and non-sustainable farming and forestry practices for a growing human population, we have not only energized our own teaching, but also have inspired our students to become fully engaged in a scientific undertaking to contend with globally-relevant environmental issues confronting twenty-first century society.
Composition and origin of the Dewar geochemical anomaly

[1] Dewar crater is a 50-km diameter impact structure located in the highlands northwest of the South Pole–Aitken basin on the lunar farside. A low-albedo area with enhanced Th and Sm values is centered east-northeast of Dewar crater. This area also exhibits elevated FeO abundances (9.0–16.6 wt %) and TiO2 values (0.6–2 wt %). The range of FeO and TiO2 abundances determined for the darkest portions of the geochemical anomaly overlap the range of FeO and TiO2 values determined for nearside mare basalt deposits. Analysis of Clementine spectra obtained from the darkest portions of the Dewar geochemical anomaly indicates that the low-albedo materials contain large amounts of high-Ca clinopyroxene consistent with the presence of major amounts of mare basalt. Cryptomare deposits have played an important role in the formation of the Dewar geochemical anomaly. The evidence indicates that buried basalt, or cryptomare, was excavated from depth during impact events that formed dark-haloed craters in the region. We show that an early Imbrian- or Nectarian-age, low-TiO2 mare basalt deposit with enhanced Th concentrations (6–7 μg/g) exists in the Dewar region. This ancient mare unit was buried by ejecta from Dewar crater, creating a cryptomare. Although most mare units on the central farside of the Moon exhibit low Th abundances, the enhanced Th values associated with the Dewar cryptomare deposit indicate that at least some portions of the underlying lunar interior (mantle and crust) on the farside of the Moon were not Th poor.
Oral cancer in a tobacco-chewing US population--no apparent increased incidence or mortality

Abstract Objective. Smokeless tobacco use is an accepted risk factor for oral cancer in the United States, but the major proof of this is based largely on a single epidemiologic (case-control) comparison of women, whereas the chewing of tobacco is predominantly a habit of men. The present investigation sought to compare gender-specific oral cancer mortality and incidence rates in West Virginia, the state with the highest per capita consumption of smokeless tobacco, with rates from other states and with the US average rates. It was hypothesized that the cancer rates for West Virginia males would be significantly greater than the US average and greater than the rates for states with less smokeless tobacco consumption. Study design. Data from the West Virginia Cancer Registry for the years 1993 through 1995 were compared with data from contemporary Surveillance and Epidemiology End Results for the US (with respect to incidence) and from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention's National Center for Health Statistics (with respect to mortality). Results. The average annual incidence rates (per 100,000 population) for oral/pharyngeal cancer in West Virginia males and females were 13.4 and 5.1, respectively; these compared with rates of 15.4 and 5.7 for the US. The average annual mortality rates (per 100,000 population) for the disease in West Virginia males and females were 4.2 and 1.6, respectively; these compared with 4.4 and 1.5 for the US. West Virginia oral/pharyngeal mortality rates for both genders were statistically significantly lower than US rates throughout the years 1950 through 1980. Among other potential oral cancer etiologic factors, the very low prevalence of alcohol abuse in West Virginia seemed to be relevant. Conclusions. The hypothesis was not confirmed by data analysis. West Virginia is the state with the highest per capita consumption of smokeless tobacco, yet it has less oral/pharyngeal cancer than the US average. The authors strongly urge additional and improved epidemiologic evaluation of the oral cancer risk of smokeless tobacco use in US males.
A comparative analysis of predictive data mining techniques

It is non-trivial to select the appropriate prediction technique from a variety of existing techniques for a datasets, since the competitive evaluation of techniques (bagging, boosting, stacking and meta-learning) can be time consuming. This paper compares five predictive data mining techniques on four unique datasets that have a combination of the following characteristics: few predictor variables, many predictor variables, highly collinear variables, very redundant variables and the presence of outliers. Different data mining techniques, including multiple linear regression (MLR), principal component regression (PCR), ridge regression, partial least squares (PLS) and non-linear partial least squares (NLPLS), are applied to each of the datasets. The comparisons are based on different criteria: R-square, R-square adjusted, mean square error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), coefficient of efficiency, condition number (CN) and the number of variables of features included in the model. The advantages and disadvantages of the techniques are discussed and summarised.
Current Account Imbalances and Foreign Investment: A Theoretical Analysis of Interrelationships and Causalities

This paper develops a unified structure to examine the interrelationships between current account, foreign investment, and domestic capital accumulation. In particular, we develop a two-country, two-period model with international mobility of both physical and financial capital, and endogenous domestic capital accumulation. We consider cases where (i) current account is endogenous, but foreign investments are exogenous, and (ii) current account is exogenous, but foreign investments are endogenous. For (i), we examine how inflow and outflow of foreign physical capital affects current account. For the second case, we examine how an increase in current account deficit affects foreign investments. The complementarity or substitutability of foreign capital and domestic capital turns out to be crucial to the relationship between current account deficit and foreign investment.
William Wants A Doll. Can He Have One? Feminists, Child Care Advisors, and Gender-Neutral Child Rearing

Using an analysis of child care books and parenting Web sites, this article asks if second-wave feminism’s vision of gender-neutral child rearing has been incorporated into contemporary advice on child rearing. The data suggest that while feminist understandings of gender have made significant inroads into popular advice, especially with regard to the social construction of gender, something akin to “a stalled revolution” has taken place. Children’s gender nonconformity is still viewed as problematic because it is linked implicitly and explicitly to homosexuality.
In-plane heterostructures of graphene and hexagonal boron nitride with controlled domain sizes

By growing graphene in patterned hexagonal boron nitride layers, planar heterostructures can be fabricated and used to create two-dimensional devices.
Vapor phase pH induced fluorescence switching of a dimethylaminostyryl terpyridine derivative in thin films

The luminescence of thin film polymer matrices of polystyrene (PS) containing the sensing molecule dimethylaminostyryl terpyridine derivative (MNpvpt) is affected upon exposure to vapors of organic acids and bases. Fluorescence changes are due to protonation and deprotonation of MNpvpt and control of intramolecular charge transfer, leading to a molecular optical switch.
Interference Cancellation and Signal Direction Finding with Low Complexity

We propose a novel beamforming algorithm for a three-element system that suppresses an interference signal while still being able to measure a target's interferometer phases. Unlike most direction-of-arrival (DOA) estimation algorithms, our algorithm does not use a grid search. Instead the estimates result from a closed-form solution, a great advantage in time-sensitive applications. The derivation of the algorithm is presented, and its statistical performance is examined with simulations. Additionally, our numerical results demonstrate that our algorithm is capable of achieving more reliable DOA estimates than those found with the well-known multiple signal classification (MUSIC) algorithm. Finally, a radar signal processing example is presented.
Multkilogram Scale-Up of a Reductive Alkylation Route to a Novel PARP Inhibitor

Novel PARP inhibitor 1 is a promising new candidate for treatment of breast and ovarian cancer. A modified synthetic route to 1 has been developed and demonstrated on 7 kg scale. In order to scale up the synthesis to multikilogram scale, several synthetic challenges needed to be overcome. The key issues included significant thermal hazards present in a Leimgruber–Batcho indole synthesis, a low-yielding side-chain installation, a nonrobust Suzuki coupling and hydrogen cyanide generation during a reductive amination. In addition to these issues, changing from intravenous to oral delivery required a new salt form and therefore a new crystallization procedure. This contribution describes development work to solve these issues and scaling up of the new process in the pilot plant.
Subcutaneous sparganosis, a zoonotic cestodiasis, in two cats:

Sparganosis is a zoonotic cestodiasis of human beings and animals caused by plerocercoid or second-stage larvae (sparganum) of pseudophyllidean tapeworms in host tissues. Cats are among definitive hosts in which the larva develops to adult stage in the intestines. Reports on larval infection involving various tissues and organs in cats are scarce. Rare single case reports of visceral sparganosis in cats are previously documented. The present report documents an unusual subcutaneous sparganosis in 2 Domestic Shorthair cats from southern Georgia. Veterinary clinicians should consider sparganosis as differential diagnosis for subcutaneous cyst-like masses in cats. As infected animals and animal tissues are sources of human infection, sparganosis warrants public awareness and due precaution to avoid human infection.
Communicative hand gestures and object-directed hand movements activated the mirror neuron system

Humans produce hand movements to manipulate objects, but also make hand movements to convey socially relevant information to one another. The mirror neuron system (MNS) is activated during the observation and execution of actions. Previous neuroimaging experiments have identified the inferior parietal lobule (IPL) and frontal operculum as parts of the human MNS. Although experiments have suggested that object-directed hand movements drive the MNS, it is not clear whether communicative hand gestures that do not involve an object are effective stimuli for the MNS. Furthermore, it is unknown whether there is differential activation in the MNS for communicative hand gestures and object-directed hand movements. Here we report the results of a functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) experiment in which participants viewed, imitated and produced communicative hand gestures and object-directed hand movements. The observation and execution of both types of hand movements activated the MNS to a similar degree. These results demonstrate that the MNS is involved in the observation and execution of both communicative hand gestures and object-direct hand movements.
Lung Cancer among Industrial Sand Workers Exposed to Crystalline Silica

In 1997, the International Agency for Research on Cancer determined that crystalline silica was a human carcinogen but noted inconsistencies in the epidemiology. There are few exposure-response analyses. The authors examined lung cancer mortality among 4,626 industrial sand workers, estimating exposure via a job-exposure matrix based on 4,269 industrial hygiene samples collected in 1974--1995. The average length of employment was 9 years, and estimated average exposure was 0.05 mg/m(3) (the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health Recommended Exposure Limit). Results confirmed excess mortality from silicosis/pneumoconioses (standardized mortality ratio = 18.2, 95% confidence interval: 10.6, 29.1; 17 deaths). The lung cancer standardized mortality ratio was 1.60 (95% confidence interval: 1.31, 1.93; 109 deaths). Limited data suggested that smoking might account for 10--20% of the lung cancer excess. Exposure-response analyses by quartile of cumulative exposure (15-year lag) yielded standardized rate ratios of 1.00, 0.78, 1.51, and 1.57 (p for trend = 0.07). Nested case-control analyses after exclusion of short-term workers, who had high overall morality, yielded odds ratios by quartile of cumulative exposure (15-year lag) of 1.00, 1.35, 1.63, and 2.00 (p for trend = 0.08) and odds ratios by quartile of average exposure of 1.00, 0.92, 1.44, and 2.26 (p = 0.005). These data lend support to the labeling by the International Agency for Research on Cancer of silica as a human carcinogen. There are approximately 2 million US workers exposed to silica; 100,000 are exposed to more than 0.1 mg/m(3).
Dynamic Modeling of a Belt Driven Electromechanical XY Plotter Cutter

Currently, models for XY plotter cutters specific to industrial and arts and crafts applications are not publicly available. This paper mathematically models the XY motion control for a commercial plotter cutter. In this particular application, the Y motion is controlled by media feed and the X motion is controlled by a gantry arm. A dynamic, electromechanical model consisting of a governing system of differential equations for the gantry arm is developed and simulated using Matlab. Once the model is developed, it will be used to decrease development time and optimize performance parameters.Copyright © 2012 by ASME
Current Issues Regarding Aircraft Crash Injury Protection

This paper addresses several issues related to the crash protection of aircraft occupants. The origin and nature of the current crashworthiness standards are first described. A number of test facilities, from sophisticated full-scale airframe drop tower facilities to the facilities for sled-testing of the seats, restraint systems, and anthropomorphic test devices or dummies (ATD’s), and also the ATD component testing are then presented. A description of the analysis codes, specifically the occupant models, and the latest modifications on these models are provided. Some of the current aircraft crash safety issues are then discussed. One global issue in the performance and certification of aircraft is the problem of protection of occupants from the head impact onto the interior structures. Latest developments in that area are presented. Another current area of research is the development of energy-absorbing seats capable of complying with the newly proposed criteria for the commuter type aircraft. The small size of these aircraft results in stiffer structures and consequently higher impact loads on the occupants. Sidefacing seats in business jets and in the lounge areas of some of the transport aircraft have also presented new challenge in certification, and hence the latest advancements in that area of research are also discussed.
Whole-plant hydraulic resistance and vulnerability segmentation in Acer saccharinum.

Hydraulic properties were studied in Acer saccharinum L., a riparian species that also grows well on a dry soil when transplanted. Hydraulic resistances were measured by two independent techniques: a new high-pressure flowmeter (HPFM) method and a conventional evaporative flux (EF) method. Vulnerability to cavitation was also investigated on petioles, stems and roots using a hydraulic conductivity technique. Vulnerability segmentation was found, i.e., roots, stems and petioles had different vulnerabilities to xylem dysfunction. Petioles were most vulnerable with 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity at -0.5 MPa, roots were least vulnerable (50% loss at -2.2 MPa) and stems were intermediate in vulnerability. The HPFM and the EF methods gave comparable results, except that the EF method gave a significantly higher value for resistance across petioles plus leaves. Native embolism was high enough to explain the discrepancy in resistance across petioles plus leaves between the HPFM and the EF methods, indicating that the HPFM estimates the minimum (potential) hydraulic resistance of plants. Whole-plant hydraulic resistance of A. saccharinum was low compared to resistances of other temperate species. The hydraulic characteristics of A. saccharinum were consistent with adaptation to its typical environment: low whole-plant resistance assures high transpiration rates in the presence of sufficient water, and vulnerability segmentation provides the ability to survive during droughts through shedding of expendable organs.
Isotope Effect in the High Harmonics of Water

We show that the high harmonics of water are affected by sub-femtosecond nuclear motion launched via ionization of the inner valence 3a1 orbital. This introduces a new method to find multi-orbital contributions to high harmonics.
Effects of helpers on nestling care and breeder survival in pygmy nuthatches

I studied nestling care in the cooperative-breeding Pygmy Nuthatch (Sitta pygmaea) in 1983 and 1984 to determine how helper participation in providing for nestlings affected breeding success and parental survival. Breeding in 1984 was about 3 weeks earlier than 1983. Mothers and helpers contributed equally, but significantly less than fathers in provisioning the nestlings. Between-nest differences in the onset of breeding determined most of the variation in nestling feeding rates; nests initiated early in the breeding season received more frequent feeding visits. Enhanced reproductive success by breeding units with helpers (Sydeman et al. 1988) was not related to increased feeding rates to the nestlings. Total feeding rates were no greater when helpers supplemented the feeding visits of both parents. At nests with helpers, however, parents and helpers were at the nest cavity more often. The feeding contribution made by helpers proved more beneficial to parents than nestlings, allowing parents to reduce feeding frequency, and presumably energy expenditure. However, this benefit did not lead to increased breeder survival.
Cultural Statecraft in the Russian and Chinese Contexts: Domestic and International Implications

This article examines Russian and Chinese cultural statecraft as a component of domestic and foreign policy. I argue that Russian and Chinese political elites view cultural statecraft first and foremost as a domestic priority that is directed toward the elaboration of a legitimating narrative for the regime. This process is generated in response to both domestic and international factors and can be viewed as an attempt to provide an inoculating defense against the penetration of neoliberal Western values. At the same time, this effort leads to tendencies toward a cultural exceptionalism that constrains both states in their attempts to employ cultural themes as an element of a foreign policy strategy.
Improved BER Performance With Rotated Head Array and 2-D Detector in Two-Dimensional Magnetic Recording

Two-dimensional magnetic recording is a promising candidate to further extend the areal density above 1 Tb/in2 density while using a conventional writer and media. During the writing process, a shingled writer is usually used to write narrow tracks by overlapping previous tracks, which brings severe intertrack interference (ITI), fewer grains per channel bit and corresponding lower signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). As a consequence, for the current shingled magnetic recording system, a normally oriented head array (NHA) is usually implemented to detect a single track by using 2-D signal processing to mitigate the ITI and media noise. Then, a rotated head array (RHA) has been found to effectively avoid the ITI and regain the lost down-track resolution using signal processing. Correspondingly, in this paper, the RHA is investigated to simultaneously detect three tracks with 1-D and joint pattern-dependent noise-predictive (PDNP) Bahl–Cocke–Jelinek–Raviv (BCJR) detectors. Simulation indicates that, for the perfect writing at the 6 nm Voronoi grains, if the 1-D PDNP BCJR detector is implemented, the RHA combined with a designed 2-D equalizer producing multiple equalized waveforms can provide 16% density gains compared with the NHA with a 2-D equalizer and 1-D target at the target bit error rate (BER) of $10 ^{\mathrm {-2}}$ . If the joint PDNP BCJR detector is implemented, the RHA can provide 25% density gain compared with that for the NHA with the same detection algorithm at the target BER of $10 ^{\mathrm {-2}}$ . With respect to error correction, a longer codeword length of binary low density parity check code can be used for decoding of the multi-track detection compared with that for the single-track detection, which provides an extra SNR gain.
Study of Reservoir Heterogeneity of Intricate Fault-Block——A Case Study of Es_3~3 Formation of Shen84-An12 Block in Liaohe Oilfield

According to core thin section,rock thin section,scanning electron microscope(SEM),physical property,injection-Hg capillary pressure curve and so on,A in-depth research has done on Es33 reservoir heterogeneity of Shen84-An12 block in Liaohe basin and its impact on exploitation.The result shows that the reservoir displays strong heterogeneity in the interlamination,the plane and the intraformation.Under microscope it shows that the pore has a bad connectivity,the coordination number is low and the ratio of hole to throat is high.Using its parameters,there is a comprehensive evaluation and classification to the reservoir.Research shows that the mainly petroliferous sandstones layers are Ⅲ reservoir in the area.At the same time,aiming at the influence of heterogeneity to waterflood development,separated zone production,multipass pour water into water injection well and other suggestions have been proposed.After the implementation,the watery ascending rate has been under control,the availability of pour water into block fault has been a positive raise,improved the effectiveness of artificial water drive,raised the recovery ratio of fault block,increased the recoverable resources.
Study of cockroach infestation and insecticide resistance in the City of Jining

Objective To ascertain the level of cockroach infestation in the City of Jining and determine the insecticide resistance,population distribution,seasonal variations,and density of cockroaches. Methods Cockroaches caught with glue traps were used to investigate the types of cockroaches and extent of their infestation.An Erlenmeyer flask was used to expose cockroaches to a film of pesticide to test resistance. Results Five thousand four hundred sticky traps were collected and 715 cockroaches were caught.All were Blattella germanica,consisting of 421 adults(58.9%) and 294 nymphs(41.1%).Cockroach density was 0.13 per trap and the rate of infestation was 9.11%.Cockroach density peaked in May,June,July,and August.Infestation was worst in hospitals,followed by restaurants and hotels;density was lowest in residential areas.Cockroaches in the City of Jining were highly resistant to beta-cypermethrin but still susceptible to propoxur,deltamethrin,and dichlorvos. Conclusion Hotels,restaurants,and hospitals were heavily infested,and infestation is rapidly spreading to residential areas.Management of key industries should be enhanced and comprehensive measures should be taken to control the spread of cockroaches in the City of Jining.
The effect observation of early hemolytic test in improving the prognosis of newborns with ABO hemolytic disease

Objective To observe the effect of early hemolytic test in improving the prognosis of newborns with ABO hemolytic disease. Methods 39 newborns with ABO hemolytic disease who were given early hemolytic test in our hospital from June 2010 to March 2013 were selected as observation group,and 39 newborns who were not given early hemolytic test at the same time were selected as the control group,then the total effect rate at 48, 72 h after the treatment,phototherapy time,bilirubin peak and bilirubin at different time after the treatment of two groups were compared. Results The total effect rate of observation group at 48, 72 h after treatment were both higher than those of control group,phototherapy time was shorter than that of control group,bilirubin peak and bilirubin at different time after the treatment were lower than those of control group,the differences were all significant( P0.05). Conclusion The effect of early hemolytic test in improving the prognosis of newborns with ABO hemolytic disease is better,and it can early achieve the goal of disease controlling.