cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Improving knowledge about disability transitions by adding retrospective information to panel surveys. Population Health Metrics

Panel data are often used to estimate key measures of public health, such as years lived with and without disability. Panel surveys commonly measure disability at intervals of one or two years, and occasionally more than two. It is likely that these intervals often include unreported changes in functional status. Unreported changes may bias estimates of disability transition probabilities, which are commonly used to estimate years lived with and without disability. Most surveys do not ask participants about periods with and without disability in the time since they last responded to the survey. We examined a way to improve the usefulness of panel surveys and our understanding of disability processes, by eliciting retrospective disability information. Data were from the United States' National Long Term Care Survey. At each wave, this survey asks disabled respondents how long they have been disabled. We tested whether estimates of probabilities predicting changes in disability status can be improved by making use of this retrospective disability information. Methods included embedded Markov Chain analysis, microsimulation, and the Hausman specification test. Estimates based on data that include retrospective information are significantly different from those that use only the more limited information that is contemporaneous to the surveys. They are also more efficient. At age 65, all estimated probabilities for becoming disabled were higher when retrospective information was used, and all probabilities for remaining disabled were lower. Microsimulation revealed that using retrospective information increased the number of functional status transitions. For example, for women the mean number of transitions from nondisabled to disabled or dead was 52.7% greater when retrospective information was added to the analysis. Our results suggest that the value of future panel studies for estimating transitions in disability could be notably enhanced by adding a small number of questions asking respondents for details about their disabilities–and lack of disabilities–in the period since a preceding survey wave. Information provided by such questions could substantially improve both the measurement of disability histories and estimates of disability processes.
Gastric heterotopia in the ileum with ulceration and chronic bleeding.

A 43-year-old man had gastric heterotopia of the small bowel with chronic gastrointestinal bleeding secondary to ulceration of the ileum. Only 1 similar case has previously been reported.
Neural Evidence That Human Emotions Share Core Affective Properties

Research on the "emotional brain" remains centered around the idea that emotions like fear, happiness, and sadness result from specialized and distinct neural circuitry. Accumulating behavioral and physiological evidence suggests, instead, that emotions are grounded in core affect--a person's fluctuating level of pleasant or unpleasant arousal. A neuroimaging study revealed that participants' subjective ratings of valence (i.e., pleasure/displeasure) and of arousal evoked by various fear, happiness, and sadness experiences correlated with neural activity in specific brain regions (orbitofrontal cortex and amygdala, respectively). We observed these correlations across diverse instances within each emotion category, as well as across instances from all three categories. Consistent with a psychological construction approach to emotion, the results suggest that neural circuitry realizes more basic processes across discrete emotions. The implicated brain regions regulate the body to deal with the world, producing the affective changes at the core of emotions and many other psychological phenomena.
The ABCs of Literacy: Interdisciplinary Is Key!

Through the use of A = “action” by increasing movement, B = “balance” in the curriculum, and C = “collaboration” through interdisciplinary approaches, teachers and students can increase literacy, increase enjoyment to learn, and be more efficient.
A dynamic instruction set computer

A dynamic instruction set computer (DISC) has been developed that supports demand-driven modification of its instruction set. Implemented with partially reconfigurable FPGAs, DISC treats instructions as removable modules paged in and out through partial reconfiguration as demanded by the executing program. Instructions occupy FPGA resources only when needed and FPGA resources can be reused to implement an arbitrary number of performance-enhancing application-specific instructions. DISC further enhances the functional density of FPGAs by physically relocating instruction modules to available FPGA space.
Building and Developing of Relationships with Third Party Laboratories

The key to successful outsourcing to third party laboratories is the relationship, trust and communication between both parties. How you go about building and maintaining that relationship can be dependant on a variety of factors? Why have you chosen to outsource? What outsourcing model are you going to employ? What experience do you have of the specific vendor? However, there are factors that should be considered irrespective of these variables. This paper explores the key aspects of outsourcing stability testing to contract laboratories. This will include looking at the reasons why one might choose the outsourcing option, the potential contracting models to choose, identifying and managing risk and how to develop and maintain good working relationships with the vendors.
Synthesis, structural characterization, and reactivity studies of 5-CF3SO3-B10H13.

In contrast to previous reactions carried out in cyclopentane solvent at room temperature that produced 6-TfO-B10H13 (TfO = CF3SO3), the reaction of closo-B10H102– with a large excess of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid in the ionic liquid 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium trifluoromethanesulfonate (bmimOTf) gave exclusively the previously unknown 5-TfO-B10H13 isomer. Experimental and computational studies demonstrated that the difference in the products of the two reactions is a result of 6-TfO-B10H13 isomerizing to 5-TfO-B10H13 above room temperature in bmimOTf solutions. Reactivity studies showed that 5-TfO-B10H13: (1) is deprotonated by reaction with 1,8-bis(dimethylamino)naphthalene to form the 5-TfO-B10H121– anion; (2) reacts with alcohols to produce 6-RO-B10H13 boryl ethers (R = Me and 4-CH3O-C6H4); (3) undergoes olefin-hydroboration reactions to form 5-TfO-6,9-R2-B10H11 derivatives; and (4) forms a 5-TfO-6,9-(Me2S)2-B10H11 adduct at its Lewis acidic 6,9-borons upon reaction with dimethylsulfide. The 5-TfO-...
Description of the Pupa of Culicoides floridensis

The pupa of Culicoides floridensis Beck is described and illustrated from material reared in the laboratory.
Adolescent Choline Supplementation Attenuates Working Memory Deficits in Rats Exposed to Alcohol During the Third Trimester Equivalent

Background Children exposed to alcohol prenatally may suffer from behavioral and cognitive alterations that adversely affect their quality of life. Animal studies have shown that perinatal supplementation with the nutrient choline can attenuate ethanol's adverse effects on development; however, it is not clear how late in development choline can be administered and still effectively reduce the consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure. Using a rodent model, this study examined whether choline supplementation is effective in mitigating alcohol's teratogenic effects when administered during adolescence/young adulthood. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were exposed to alcohol (5.25 g/kg/d) during the third trimester equivalent brain growth spurt, which occurs from postnatal day (PD) 4 to 9, via oral intubation. Sham-intubated and nontreated controls were included. Subjects were treated with 100 mg/kg/d choline chloride or vehicle from PD 40 to 60, a period equivalent to young adulthood in the rat. After the choline treatment had ceased, subjects were tested on a series of behavioral tasks: open field activity (PD 61 to 64), Morris water maze spatial learning (PD 65 to 73), and spatial working memory (PD 87 to 91). Results Ethanol-exposed subjects were overactive in the activity chambers and impaired on both the spatial and the working memory versions of the Morris water maze. Choline treatment failed to attenuate alcohol-related overactivity in the open field and deficits in Morris water maze performance. In contrast, choline supplementation significantly mitigated alcohol-related deficits in working memory, which may suggest that choline administration at this later developmental time affects functioning of the prefrontal cortex. Conclusions The results indicate that adolescent choline supplementation can attenuate some, but not all, of the behavioral deficits associated with early developmental alcohol exposure. The results of this study indicate that dietary intervention may reduce some fetal alcohol effects, even when administered later in life, findings with important implications for adolescents and young adults with fetal alcohol spectrum disorders.
Abstract A20: Deacetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 with ethanol in human colonic epithelial cells

A20 Epidemiologic observations have implicated chronic excess ethanol consumption as a risk factor for various cancers including colon cancer. Recent epigenetic studies demonstrated that ethanol causes selective acetylation of histone H3 at lysine 9 (H3K9) in the liver, lung, spleen and testes, indicating that ethanol may inhibit histone deacetylase activity, or enhance histone acetyltransferase activity in those tissues. We therefore investigated the effect of ethanol on histone H3 modifications in colonic epithelial cells. NCM460, human colonic epithelial cells were incubated with 100mM of ethanol for 24, 48, or 72 hr and then the acetylation and methylation states of histone H3K9 were measured by immunoblot analysis using site-specific antibodies. We found that ethanol decreased acetylation of histone H3K9 in a time-dependent manner (71, 21, 17%, respectively, P Citation Information: Cancer Prev Res 2008;1(7 Suppl):A20.
P3.324 A Population-Based Assessment of Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Gonorrhoea Rates

Background Measured incidence rates of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are substantially higher among blacks compared to whites in the US. However, population-based data sources, such as routine STI surveillance systems, often lack information on race/ethnicity for the majority of cases. We compared black-white differences in gonorrhoea rates using both individual and neighbourhood-level measures of race/ethnicity. Methods Publicly-available aggregate data on the number of New York City(NYC) adult gonorrhoea cases in 2009 by race/ethnicity and sex were obtained from the NYC Department of Health and Mental Hygiene’s online system for NYC’s 42 neighbourhoods. The proportion of black residents for each neighbourhood was obtained from census data. Results The citywide gonorrhoea rate in 2009 was 81 per 100,000 (median for 42 neighbourhoods [median]: 29; intraquartile range across 42 neighbourhoods [IQR]: 2–105); 116 per 100,000 for males (median:44; IQR: 11–177); and 47 per 100,000 for females (median: 10; IQR: 0–67). Race/ethnicity data were missing for 49% of cases (median: 48%; IQR: 36%–61%). Using data on cases with complete information on race/ethnicity, gonorrhoea rates were 225 per 100,000 (median: 204; IQR: 108–321) among non-Hispanic blacks, compared with 33 per 100,000 (median: 6; IQR: 1–37) among non-Hispanic whites. The median black-white difference in gonorrhoea diagnosis rates was 104 per 100,000, and varied substantially across neighbourhoods (IQR: 23–223). Neighborhoods in the lowest quartile of the proportion of black residents (where 0.1%–0.4% of neighbourhood residents were black) had the lowest mean gonorrhoea rate 33 per 100,000, compared to 81, 162, and 224 in the 2 nd , 3 rd and 4 th quartiles (where 35%–76% of neighbourhood residents were black), respectively (p Conclusions Analyses using individual-level and neighbourhood-level race/ethnicity measures both suggest substantial black-white differences within and across NYC neighbourhoods. More complete race/ethnicity information among persons diagnosed with gonorrhoea is critical to elucidate possible structural/neighbourhood determinants of black-white differences.
Equipment with Capacitor Var Compensation of Thyristor Series Voltage Reculating

This paper introduces a high-voltage reactive compensation equipment in which thyristors operate under low-voltage.The equipment can be directly switched onto 110~220kV bus,up-to 60 orders.A low-voltage small capacity e-quipment′s experimental wiring is presented,the testing results of steady state characteristic and transient characteristics during connecting and switching showed good agreement with theoretical analysis.Experimental results proved that the principle is well;method is available,and this equipment can be widely used in high voltage power network.
Rhode Island tick-borne disease surveillance summary 2012-2013.

The latter has a complex life cycle supported by the blood of various mammalian species, but none more important locally than the white-footed mouse and the white-tailed deer, whose numbers (and therefore the numbers of blacklegged ticks hosted by them) have increased dramatically over the past several decades. This trend has been spurred by the expansion of supportive habitats such as second-growth woodlands and suburban developments, both of which provide abundant food and cover for both species. 2 The resultant increase in ticks, absent a vaccine to prevent any of the tick-borne illnesses common in Rhode Island, has led to an increase in the probability of contracting Lyme disease, babesiosis, or anaplasmosis in the state. Surveillance of newly diagnosed cases of tick-borne diseases is essential to the development, testing, and evaluation of public health programs designed to prevent them. Nonetheless, the nature of these diseases and the tests available to confirm them result in high surveillance costs. For example, there is no definitive laboratory test for confirming new cases of Lyme disease. 3
Are high-dose perioperative steroids necessary in patients undergoing colorectal surgery treated with steroid therapy within the past 12 months?

Abstract Patients previously on corticosteroids within 1 year before surgery are routinely treated with perioperative high-dose corticosteroids. However, there is little evidence to support this practice. We postulated that patients off steroids but treated with corticosteroids within 1 year before surgery may be safely managed without perioperative steroids. A chart review was performed on patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) treated with corticosteroids within 1 year before surgery. Patients received either perioperative high-dose steroids (HDS) or no steroids (NS). Perioperative vital signs were assessed. Forty-nine operations were performed. Eleven patients received HDS and 38 patients received NS. Aside from a higher incidence of tachycardia (heart rate greater than 100 beats/min) in the HDS group (82%) compared with the NS group (42%), there was no significant difference in hemodynamic instability between the two groups. One patient in the NS group required a single dose of intraoperative vasopressor after aggressive beta-blockade. All other episodes of hemodynamic instability resolved with no intervention, fluid boluses, or blood transfusion. No patients required rescue high-dose steroids for adrenal insufficiency. In patients with IBD undergoing major colorectal surgery, treated with corticosteroids within the past year, management without perioperative steroids seems safe. A prospective study assessing perioperative corticosteroid dosing is in progress.
The Effects of Crop Intensification on the Diversity of Native Pollinator Communities.

Increases in agricultural conversion are leading to declines in native grasslands and natural resources critical for beneficial insects. However, little is known regarding how these changes affect pollinator diversity. Land use types were categorized within 300 m and 3 km radii of pollinator sampling locations in Brookings County, SD. Pollinator abundance and species richness were regressed on the proportion of the landscape dedicated to row crops, grass and pasture, forage crops, small grains, and aquatic habitats using variance components modeling. Row crops had a negative effect on bee abundance at 300 m, after fixed effects modeling accounted for outliers skewing this relationship. At 3 km, corn positively affected bee abundance and richness, while soybean acreage decreased species richness. The landscape matrix of outlying sites consisted of large monocultured areas with few alternative habitat types available, leading to inflated populations of Melissodes and Halictidae. Syrphids had a positive parabolic relationship between diversity and row crops, indicating potential for competitive exclusion from intermediate landscapes. Unlike other studies, landscape diversity within 300 m was not found to significantly benefit pollinator diversity. Within especially agriculturally developed areas of the region, high abundances of pollinators suggest selection for a few dominant species. There was no effect of forage crops or aquatic habitats on pollinator diversity, indicating that less highly managed areas still represent degraded habitat within the landscape. Incorporating pollinator-friendly crops at the farm level throughout the region is likely to enhance pollinator diversity by lessening the negative effects of large monocultures.
XIV.—An Identical Relation connecting Seven Vectors

Among the most useful results of quaternion or vectorial algebra we may count the identities and transformations worked out by Hamilton and Tait and their all too few followers. It is not merely that a vector identity is equivalent to three scalar identities—a fact which aids us greatly to condense our calculations in respect to bulk. Yet more important is the greater fruitfulness of a vectorial relation in giving rise to derived relations which we would be less likely to perceive from a purely scalar analysis.
Results of Non-Surgical Uric Acid and Cystine Calculi Treatment

Uric acid stones account for about 4% and cystine stones for 1% of all upper urinary-tract calculi. They both have in common the fact that they are susceptible to dissolution by oral medication as well as by directcontact dissolution (chemolitholysis) utilizing percutaneous nephrostomy (PCN) tubes or ureteral catheters.
Modeling complexes of modeled proteins.

Structural characterization of proteins is essential for understanding life processes at the molecular level. However, only a fraction of known proteins have experimentally determined structures. This fraction is even smaller for protein-protein complexes. Thus, structural modeling of protein-protein interactions (docking) primarily has to rely on modeled structures of the individual proteins, which typically are less accurate than the experimentally determined ones. Such “double” modeling is the Grand Challenge of structural reconstruction of the interactome. Yet it remains so far largely untested in a systematic way. We present a comprehensive validation of template-based and free docking on a set of 165 complexes, where each protein model has six levels of structural accuracy, from 1 to 6 A Cα RMSD. Many template-based docking predictions fall into acceptable quality category, according to the CAPRI criteria, even for highly inaccurate proteins (5 – 6 A RMSD), although the number of such models (and, consequently, the docking success rate) drops significantly for models with RMSD > 4 A. The results show that the existing docking methodologies can be successfully applied to protein models with a broad range of structural accuracy, and the template-based docking is much less sensitive to inaccuracies of protein models than the free docking. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Thinking in Patterns to Solve Multiplication, Division, and Fraction Problems in Second Grade

Experts think in patterns and structures using the specific “language” of their domains. For mathematicians, these patterns and structures are represented by numbers, symbols and their relationships (Stokes, 2014a). To determine whether elementary students in the United States could learn to think in mathematical patterns to solve addition and subtraction, a pilot curriculum using an Asian model of base-10 counting was introduced in kindergarten and first grade. Children in the pilot program, like their Asian counterparts, did not appear to have any difficulty with the concept of place value. They also did not have significant difficulties with single- and double-digit addition and subtraction as is often the case with American students (Stokes, 2010, 2013, 2014a, 2014b). To continue the pattern-based process in second grade, a Multi-Operation Chart was designed to make the relationships between multiplication, division and fractions clear. Testing at the end of the school year showed that students not only met, but exceeded the Standards set by the Common Core standards for second grade. Medians and modes for correct single- and double-digit multiplication, single-digit division and fractions were 100%. Educational implications are offered and discussed.
Chapter 1 Vehicle routing

Publisher Summary This chapter presents the most important algorithms that have been developed for model of the vehicle routing problem. However, before plunging into the mathematical development, it will be helpful to consider some examples of vehicle routing problems and various practical issues that arise in the use of vehicle routing models. Vehicle routing problems are all around us in the sense that many consumer products such as soft drinks, beer, bread, snack foods, gasoline and pharmaceuticals are delivered to retail outlets by fleets of trucks whose operation fits the vehicle routing model. Other examples of vehicle routing problems include the delivery of liquefied industrial gases and the collection of milk from farms for transportation to a processing center. Many companies have reported successful implementation of mathematical algorithms to optimize trucking operations including Air Products and Chemicals, Chevron, DuPont, Edward Don and Company etc. Two approaches have been taken to providing geographic information. The first approach is easy to implement and thus preferred if it is accurate enough. It consists of assigning coordinates to each customer and assuming that the travel distance between customers is the Euclidean distance between their coordinate pairs. Cost is taken to be proportional to distance. The distance is often scaled up by a factor to compensate for roads that deviate from a straight-line path between customers. The second approach obtains travel distances by applying a shortest route algorithm to a computerized network model of the road system.
The Quality Control of Cell Banks Using DNA Fingerprinting

Reproducibility in animal cell culture technology requires careful preparation and characterisation of banks of cell cultures. The two standard techniques used in the quality control of such banks are isoenzyme analysis and cytogenetics which require complex and time-consuming procedures to enable cell line identification. However, DNA fingerprinting is potentially a more powerful method of analysis which can detect mutation and intra-species cross-contamination. At the European Collection of Animal Cell Cultures (ECACC) multilocus fingerprint analysis using probes 33.6 and 33.15 has been assessed in the quality control of cell banks. This method has confirmed consistency between master and working banks, has proven useful over a wide species range and can differentiate closely related cell lines. The key advantage of this method is its ability to detect cross-contamination by cell lines from a wide range of species using a straightforward and economical test. In addition the reproducibility of DNA fingerprints indicates their possible role in cell line authentication procedures which are important for patent and product licence applications.
Efficacy of maternal screening and therapy in the prevention of chlamydia infection of the newborn.

Routine cervical cultures for chlamydia were obtained during the third trimester of pregnancy to identify infected mothers whose infants may also be infected. The effectiveness of maternal erythromycin therapy in preventing disease due to chlamydia among infants born to these women was also assessed. Clinical outcome of treated mothers and infants was compared to that of untreated subjects. Of 1082 women who were cultured, 85 (7.8%) were positive for chlamydia. Erythromycin therapy was prescribed for 38 of these women. Nasopharyngeal/conjunctival chlamydia cultures were obtained from 16 infants of culture-positive, treated mothers and 21 infants of culture-positive, untreated mothers. None of the infants born to culture-positive, treated mothers developed infection with chlamydia, while five of 21 infants of untreated mothers (p<0.04) were culture-positive and symptomatic (four with conjunctivitis, one with pneumonia). On follow-up of the infants born to chlamydia-positive mothers, there was no evidence that chlamydia-infected infants had more frequent episodes of upper respiratory infection and otitis media during the first six months of life. This study demonstrated that diagnosis and treatment of cervical chlamydia infection during the third trimester of pregnancy provides a practical approach to the prevention of infection in the newborn.
Nonlinear Modeling for Adaptive Suppression of Axial Drilling Vibration

Vibrations developed during drilling present challenges in an array of industries including mechanical, medical, structural, and oil extraction. Velocity weakening, intracranial vibrations, large amplitude standing pressure waves in material cavities, and failure of drill strings are prominent issues among these fields. Stick-slip (torsional) and bit-bounce (axial) vibrations have been found to be particularly problematic in precision drilling jobs such as machining to tight tolerances, dismantling vibration-sensitive devices, and surgical work. Current technologies to detect and suppress systematic vibrations have several shortcomings including malfunctioning, complete failure, complexity, and high power consumption. This paper proposes a method to suppress vibrations of drilling material surfaces using adaptive positive position feedback (APPF) control for efficient tunable damping. An experiment-based parametric study has been conducted to determine the relationship of force, rotational velocity, and acceleration on both drill vibrations and drilling material surface vibrations. Results of a parametric study and Rational Polynomial Fraction method are used to estimate fundamental behaviors of the drilling system to create a refined numerical model for simulating the drilling process. An APPF controller together with the model provided a method to evaluate new actuator designs for vibration suppression and has shown a 69.8 % reduction of displacement vibrations.
Ultrasonic Absorption Determination of the Thermodynamics of Fast Isomerization Processes

Ultrasonic absorption measurements have been used in the study of a number of chemical phenomena. These include studies on ion pair formation in solution,1 cation2 and anion3 desolvation, rotational energy barriers,4 vibrational relaxation processes,5 viscoelastic properties of liquids6 and molecular association processes.7
Validation of CTF pressure drop and void predictions for the NUPEC BWR database

Abstract A quantified validation of CTF pressure drop, equilibrium quality, and void fraction predictions is performed using the Japanese Nuclear Power Engineering Corporation boiling water reactor database. Four quantities of interest are compared between the experiments and the code predictions: pressure drop, average exit equilibrium quality, average exit void fraction, and subchannel exit void fraction. These four quantities of interest have root-mean-squared errors of 0.124, 0.005, 0.065, and 0.089, respectively. Pressure drop predictions are generally underpredicted for single phase cases and overpredicted for two phase cases. The equilibrium quality predictions are mostly within 0.01 of the designed experimental values, which indicates proper energy conservation. The void fraction results tend to be overpredicted by about 0.06, which is attributed to the interfacial modeling in the code. By splitting the subchannels into different groups, it is shown that those near unheated surfaces are the least accurately modeled, especially for cases that have a high concentration of unheated surfaces. The results are consistent with past validation analyses using a variety of subchannel codes. Unlike past studies with CTF, this work incorporates all 69 pressure drop experiments and 392 steady state void experiments from the database. A new method for quantification of asymmetries is proposed and applied, but the interpretation of the results depends on the definition of the measurement error.
Regional Molecular Signature of the Symptomatic Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque.

Background Many studies have explored molecular markers of carotid plaque development and vulnerability to rupture, usually having examined whole carotid plaques. However, there are regional differences in plaque morphology and known shear-related mechanisms in areas surrounding the lipid core. Objective To determine whether there are regional differences in protein expression along the long axis of the carotid plaque and how that might produce gaps in our understanding of the carotid plaque molecular signature. Methods Levels of 7 inflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 p70, IFN-γ, and TNF-α) and caspase-3 were analyzed in prebifurcation, bifurcation, and postbifurcation segments of internal carotid plaques surgically removed from symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Expression profiles of miRNAs and mRNAs were determined with microarrays for the rupture-prone postbifurcation segment for comparison with published whole plaque results. Results Expression levels of all proteins examined, except IL-10, were lowest in the prebifurcation segment and significantly higher in the postbifurcation segment. Patient group differences in protein expression were observed for the prebifurcation segment; however, no significant differences were observed in the postbifurcation segment between symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. Expression profiles from postbifurcation carotid plaques identified 4 novel high priority miRNAs differentially expressed between patient groups (miR-214, miR-484, miR-942, and miR-1287) and 3 high-confidence miRNA:mRNA targets, including miR-214:APOD, miR-484:DACH1, and miR-942:GPR56. Conclusion The results demonstrate regional differences in protein expression for the first time and show that focus on the rupture-prone postbifurcation region leads to prioritization for further study of novel miRNA gene regulation mechanisms.
THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POE2WE MODEL USING SCIENTIFIC APPROACH IN LINEAR LEARNING IN SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL

Abstract: This research aimed to find out and to analyze the difference between the students receiving learning using the scientific approach with POE 2 WE model and those receiving PBL learning model, and to find out the model effectiveness of Physical learning in Senior High Schools. The sample of research was the students of Senior High Schools in Ciamis Regency taken randomly (using a random sampling technique). The research method employed was a comparative study conducted in several schools in Ciamis Regency becoming the model of the 2013 curriculum application in the school year of 2013/2014 in the Linear Movement Material of Tenth Grade. To collect the data, several research instruments were used: pre-test and post-test, student questionnaire, observation on the implementation of POE 2 WE model learning and interview to get the teachers’ response. The data were analyzed using the t-test to see the difference of normalized gain in two groups. The result of research showed that there was a significant difference the students receiving learning using a scientific approach with POE 2 WE model and those receiving PBL learning model. The data showed that the mean scores of pretest and posttest for the learning using POE 2 WE model and the one using the PBL model were 42.50 and 29.93, respectively and there was an increase in the mean class learning outcome with N-gain = 0.8 (high category) for POE 2 WE model and N-gain = 0.5 (medium category) for the PBL model. The effectiveness test obtained Sign value (2-tailed) (0.000) < α (0.05) meaning that POE 2 WE model was more effective than the PBL model.
Mid-Twentieth Century, Euro-American Innovations

This chapter explores Artaud’s theatre of cruelty, drawing the audience toward the actor “signaling through the flames,” and Brecht’s epic theatre of alienation effects (some developed with Piscator) to distance the audience at key points, toward thinking critically and changing society. It considers existentialist and absurdist playwrights, expressing a postwar flattening of metaphysics. It investigates American realism, with Stanislavski’s system taken in different directions, and Odets’s agitprop and domestic plays. It contemplates the poetic, selective realism of Williams and Miller, realized through Mielziner’s scene designs. It also looks at McCarthyism pressuring theatre artists. It concludes with other American developments, including musicals, black revues, Living Newspapers, and extensions of theatricality through the new media of radio and film, especially with Welles.
Violation of US regulations regarding online marketing and sale of e-cigarettes: FDA warnings and retailer responses.

Background The aim of this study was to characterise all 2018 Food and Drug Administration (FDA) warning letters specific to e-cigarette products and to evaluate whether online retailers complied with FDA requested actions. Methods All 2018 FDA e-cigarette warning letters issued by the Center for Tobacco Products to online retailers were reviewed and characterised. Date of issuance, name, type, and location of the retailer, and violation type were recorded. Retailer websites were rechecked a minimum of 30 days after the issuance of the warning letter to assess compliance with enforcement actions. Results One hundred and thirteen of 124 letters met the inclusion criteria; one duplicate letter and 10 letters unrelated to e-cigarettes were excluded. One manufacturer was cited for associating their e-liquid with prescription drugs, and when analysed, the e-liquid was found to contain phosphodiesterase inhibitors. A majority of violations, 98.2% (111/113), pertained to the sales of an e-cigarette product to a minor and/or use of marketing that appeals to children. The majority of websites (63.7%, 72/113) resolved all violations. However, 19.5% (22/113) inactivated their website, and 16.8% (19/113) did not fully correct all violations. Conclusions Sales of e-cigarette products to minors and the purposeful marketing of e-liquids in a manner that appeals to children and adolescents continues to be problematic. While the warning letters were successful in getting a majority of online retailers to correct the stated violation, many sold other products that would be considered a violation of marketing to minors. The appearance of e-liquids that contain prescription medications is also alarming. Comprehensive and continued enforcement of online e-cigarette retailers is urgently needed.
DETECTION OF AORTIC STENOSIS USING AN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE-ENABLED ELECTROCARDIOGRAM

Patients with moderate to severe aortic stenosis (AS) have increased mortality even when asymptomatic. We hypothesized, that artificial intelligence - (AI) enabled electrocardiogram (ECG) - an inexpensive, ubiquitous, 10 second test - could detect patients with moderate/severe AS. 263,570 Patients
Decoding GEFs of animated cells.

Rho family GTPases regulate cell behaviors through complex signaling networks that act on rapid timescales in subcellular spatial domains. New live-cell biosensors and analytical methods now provide critical tools to dissect Rho GTPase regulation and to better understand cellular information processing.
Bilateral symmetry in ankle-muscle activation in transtibial amputees

By 2020, over 2.2 million people in the United States will be living with an amputated lower limb. The functional impact of amputations presents significant challenges in daily living activities. While significant work has been done to develop smart prosthetics, for the long-term development of effective and robust myoelectric control systems for transtibial amputees, there is still much that needs to be understood regarding how extrinsic muscles of the lower limb are utilized post-amputation. In this study, we examined muscle activity between the intact and residual limbs of three transtibial amputees with the aim of identifying differences in voluntary recruitment patterns during a bilateral motor task. We report that while there is variability across subjects, there are consistencies in the muscle recruitment patterns for the same functional movement between the intact and the residual limb within each subject. These results provide insights for how symmetric activation in residual muscles can be characterized and used to develop myoelectric control strategies for prosthetic devices in transtibial amputees.
Optical Imaging to Assess the Early Metabolic Response of Rat Kidney to Uninephrectomy

Optical cryo-imaging captured the metabolic redox state (NADH/FAD) of rat kidneys, quantitatively, post-uninephrectomy. The result shows a more oxidized mitochondrial bioenergetics of the remaining kidney due to increased oxidative stress.
Sudan's Infrastructure: A Continental Perspective

Improvements in infrastructure across Sudan in recent years have contributed 1.7 percentage points to the country's per capita growth. Consistent with trends in other countries, the ICT revolution that swept Africa contributed more than any other sector to growth in Sudan. Raising the infrastructure endowment of all parts of Sudan to that of the region's best performer -- Mauritius -- could boost annual growth by about 3.5 percentage points. Sudan has heavily invested in infrastructure in recent years. Notable achievements include tripling power-generation capacity, liberalizing the ICT sector, and connecting to an undersea fiber-optic cable. Looking ahead, Sudan's most pressing infrastructure challenges lie in the water and transport sectors. In the water sector, the country needs to dramatically improve access to safe sources of water and sanitation while improving utility efficiency. In the transport sector the country needs to vastly expand rural and international connectivity and improve quality across the network. Sudan presently spends about $1.5 billion per year on infrastructure, with $580 million a year lost to inefficiencies. Even if the inefficiencies were eliminated, however, Sudan would face an infrastructure funding gap of $2.9 billion per year. This gap could be reduced by half by choosing lower-cost water, sanitation, and road-surfacing technologies, and could be bridged by continuing to capture financing from the private sector and abroad.
Beyond Strong Enforcement: Understanding the Factors Related to Retailer Compliance With Tobacco 21.

INTRODUCTION Tobacco 21 (T21), which sets the minimum legal sales age for tobacco to age 21, is now a national law in the United States. Although T21 is expected to help curb youth tobacco use, its impact may be dampened due to poor retailer compliance. Even within environments where enforcement is strong (ie, compliance checks are conducted with tough sanctions for violations), compliance might vary due to other factors. AIMS AND METHODS Three studies were conducted in Columbus, OH, where T21 became strongly enforced in 2018. These studies examined how retailer compliance related to features of the neighborhood in which a retailer was located (Study 1), features of the retailer (Study 2), and features of the retail cashier (Study 3). RESULTS Study 1 found that, after controlling for race- and age-based factors, retailers located in high (vs. low)-poverty neighborhoods had a lower likelihood of conducting identification (ID) checks. Study 2 found that ID checks were related to whether retailers displayed signage about T21, as required by the city law. Study 3 found that, among cashiers, T21 awareness (which was high) and perceptions about T21 (which were moderate) were not generally related to their retailer's compliance; having (vs. not having) scanners for ID checks was related to a higher likelihood of compliance. CONCLUSIONS These studies emphasize the many, multilevel factors influencing T21 outcomes. Findings also indicate the potential for T21 to widen disparities in tobacco use, indicating the need for strategies to equitably improve T21 compliance. IMPLICATIONS T21, which sets the minimum legal sales age for all tobacco products to age 21, is now a national law in the United States. Despite optimistic projections about what T21 could achieve, the ultimate impact may be dampened when it is applied in real-world settings. Our project revealed the many, multilevel factors influencing T21 compliance. Findings also indicate the potential for T21 to widen disparities in tobacco use if gaps in compliance persist. Strategies for equitably improving T21 compliance are discussed. This article is of relevance to areas interested in implementing or improving their local T21 enforcement.
Intratrial Exposure to Vitamin D and New-Onset Diabetes Among Adults With Prediabetes: A Secondary Analysis From the Vitamin D and Type 2 Diabetes (D2d) Study. Diabetes Care 2020;43:2916-2922.

We thank Dr. Davidson for his comment (1) on our article (2). We agree that weight loss is critically important in reducing risk of diabetes; weight loss can also result in increased 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels. We did not adjust for weight change because weight remained fairly stable during the trial. Nonetheless, in response to Dr. Davidson’s request, we have examined the impact of adjustment for change in weight (final − baseline weight) in the fully adjusted models shown in our article. In …
The visual and rhetorical styles of Atomwaffen Division and their implications

Atomwaffen Division (AWD) was an American neo-nazi extremist organization active between 2015 and 2020. Even after its disbanding, AWD’s influence can be felt in the symbols and media produced by o...
A single nucleotide change in the polC DNA polymerase III in Clostridium thermocellum is sufficient to create a hypermutator phenotype

Clostridium thermocellum is a thermophilic, anaerobic, bacterium that natively ferments cellulose to ethanol, and is a candidate for cellulosic biofuel production. Recently, we identified a hypermutator strain of C. thermocellum with a C669Y mutation in the polC gene. Here we reintroduce this mutation using recently-developed CRISPR tools to demonstrate that this mutation is sufficient to recreate the hypermutator phenotype. The resulting strain shows an approximately 50-fold increase in the mutation rate. This mutation appears to function by interfering with metal ion coordination in the PHP domain responsible for proofreading. The ability to selectively increase the mutation rate in C. thermocellum is a useful tool for future directed evolution experiments.
Application of an automatic, uncertainty model-guided, target-generating algorithm to lung stereotactic body radiotherapy

PURPOSE This work evaluated a new radiotherapy target-generating framework (the αTarget algorithm) for creating internal target volumes for lung SBRT. METHODS Nineteen patients previously treated with definitive intent SBRT to the lung were identified from a clinical database. For each patient's 4DCT simulation scan, deformable image registration was used between phases of the scan in order to generate voxelized models of motion for 35 individual gross tumor volumes. These motion models were then used with a new implementation of a previously described target-generating algorithm to create new internal target volumes (αITVs). The resulting αITVs were analyzed with respect to their volume and the coverage they provided each tumor voxel per that voxel's motion model. The clinically used ITVs were similarly analyzed, and were then compared to the αITVs using paired Student's t-tests. In addition, isotropic margins were added to the αITVs in order to determine the largest margin magnitude that could be added without exceeding the volume of the clinical ITVs. RESULTS The αITVs increased the target coverage provided to each tumor's 5th-percentile-most-covered-voxel an average of 50.3% compared to the clinical ITVs (p < 0.0001). At the same time, the αITVs had volumes that were, on average, 31.4% smaller (p < 0.0001). The differences in volume were large enough that, on average, an extra 2 mm isotropic margin could be added to the αITV before it had a volume greater than the clinical ITV. CONCLUSIONS The αTarget algorithm can generate more effective lung SBRT internal target volumes that provide greater coverage with smaller volumes. In combination with numerous other advantages of the framework, this effectiveness makes the αTarget algorithm a powerful new method for advanced IGRT or adaptive radiotherapy techniques.
Overhauser, Albert W.: Dynamic Nuclear Polarization

The sections in this article are 1 Introduction 2 Cross Relaxation 3 Nuclear Polarization by ESR Saturation 4 Verification 5 ESR Frequency Shift 6 Biogrpahical Sketch
Solid freeform fabrication of a piezoelectric ceramic torsional actuator motor

Through modifications in binder burnout schedule, firing schedule, and build design, robust torsional ceramic actuator segments were fabricated using laminated object manufacturing (LOM). The lead zirconate titanate (PZT)trapezoidal segments were incorporated into two polygonal torsional actuator tubes. The tubes were used to build a full cycle piezoelectric motor that achieved a speed of 400 rpm at resonant peak frequency.
Feasibility and Patients’ Acceptance of Home Automated Telemanagement of Oral Anticoagulation Therapy

We developed the Home Automated Telemanagement (HAT) system for patients on oral anticoagulation therapy. It consists of a home unit, HAT server, and clinician unit. Patients at home use a palmtop or a laptop connected with a prothrombin time (PT) monitor. Each HAT session consists of self-testing, feedback, and educational components. The symptom data and PT/INR from patient homes are automatically sent to the HAT server and analyzed by the system. Patients who were seen in the Anticoagulation Clinic (N=29) were asked to use HAT in a laboratory setting. Semi-structured, indepth interviews were used for the evaluation of HAT acceptance. 93% claimed that they would use such a tool at home and would advise other patients to use HAT for self-management and disease-specific education. Twelve patients used HAT at home for eight weeks. Compared to baseline, patients completing the home study showed statistically significant improvement in disease-specific quality of life dimensions of general satisfaction, self-efficacy, daily hassles, and distress. The Client Satisfaction Questionnaire demonstrated significant improvement in patient satisfaction with the treatment process. Our results demonstrated high acceptance of the HAT system by patients receiving long term anticoagulation therapy regardless of their previous computer experience or socioeconomic background.