cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
DISCUSSION: PANEL ON TRAINING STATISTICIANS FOR EMPLOYMENT IN INDUSTRY AND GOVERNMENT

Publisher Summary There are three attributes that are necessary to be a successful statistician in the government, namely, knowledge, skill, and attitude. These attributes apply to industry as well. Academic training certainly provides the opportunity to gather the necessary knowledge, but very few programs seem to touch on the other two areas. Skill and attitude are equally important and may, in fact, be more important than some types of knowledge that are currently emphasized in academic programs. In considering educational programs in computing to train statisticians for government and industry, it is necessary to gain an understanding of the type of computing done by statisticians in government and industry. For this purpose, statisticians must analyze data to arrive at a solution to one or a set of specific problems. These statisticians must collect, enter, store, retrieve, edit, partition, transform, summarize, plot and report—each of which may be a computing activity. Design and coding of special analysis algorithms is also important, developing high-level statistical analysis and data management systems, and also developing systems or writing programs for simulation studies.
Beyond leadership: a relational approach to organizational theory in education

As part of the Educational Leadership Theory series, this book extends theoretical and methodological foundations for ‘relationality’ in the field of educational administration. In Beyond Leadershi...
The Symptoms and Clinical events associated with Automatic Reprogramming (SCARE) at replacement notification study

BACKGROUND Pacemaker patients experience battery depletion that activates pacemaker's alert for replacement notification. Automatic reprogramming at replacement notification can result in loss of rate response and atrioventricular (AV) synchrony. OBJECTIVE To determine if relevant symptoms or clinical events may be associated with automatic reprogramming at replacement notification. METHODS Electronic medical record review was undertaken for 298 patients referred for pacemaker generator replacement. Primary endpoints were symptoms or clinical events during replacement notification period. RESULTS Following elimination of duplicate pacemaker replacements (n = 12), "near-replacement notification" or "recalled" (n = 15) and pacemakers at "end of life" (n = 5), 266 subjects were included. Three distinct reprogramming cohorts were identified; those with no change (control) in pacing mode (n = 46), those with loss of rate response (n = 154), and those with loss of AV synchrony ± rate response (n = 66). In total, 83 subjects (31.2%) had symptoms with significant differences seen between groups (control = 4.3%, loss of rate response = 26.0%, loss of AV synchrony ± rate response = 62.1%, P < 0.001). Overall, 28 subjects (10.5%) experienced clinical events with significant differences seen between groups (control = 0.0%, loss of rate response = 6.5%, loss of AV synchrony ± rate response = 27.3%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Automatic reprogramming at replacement notification was associated with significant symptoms in 26% of those who lost rate response and in 62% of those who lost AV synchrony ± rate response. Additionally, 27% of the latter cohort required nonelective clinical care.
Exploring anxiety sensitivity in the relationship between pain intensity and opioid misuse among opioid-using adults with chronic pain.

Abstract Opioid misuse is a significant public health problem. Chronic pain is one highly prevalent factor that is strongly associated with increased risk for opioid misuse. Anxiety sensitivity (fear of anxiety related physical sensations) is an individual difference factor consistently linked to pain experience, and separately, heroin use. The present study examined if anxiety sensitivity may be one factor related to the relationship between pain intensity and opioid misuse among opioid-using adults with chronic pain. Results indicated that anxiety sensitivity total score was significantly associated with the relationship between pain intensity and current opioid misuse, as well as pain intensity and severity of opioid dependence. Overall, results suggest that anxiety sensitivity may be an important assessment and intervention target to ultimately reduce the rates of opioid misuse among adults with chronic pain.
Abstract TP323: Novel Combinatory Therapy With LAU-0901 Plus NPD1 for Experimental Ischemic Stroke

Objective: Acute ischemic stroke triggers complex neurovascular, neuroinflammatory, and synaptic alterations. Our study tested the prediction that blocking platelet-activating factor-receptors (PAF...
Problem Decomposition in Introductory Computer Science and Spatial Reasoning

Previous research has documented correlations between spatial reasoning ability and success in STEM fields [7-9]. While connection between spatial reasoning and other STEM fields like physics and calculus may seem obvious, there are no theories to explain this correlation of CS (computer science) performance and spatial reasoning. [5,7,8]. We aim to better understand this correlation, specifically between CS performance in an introductory course and spatial reasoning by observing the common characteristics between students' strategies in solving CS and spatial reasoning problems. We conducted interviews with eight students who have prior experience in CS but have taken only two introductory CS courses. In the interview, we asked the participants to solve a total of four problems; two CS problems and two spatial reasoning problems. [1,6]. The CS problems were code-reading problems in Python, which focus on basic programming concepts, including nested loops and functions. We analyzed the participants' problem-solving strategies and recorded their explanation for each problem. We observed for both types of problem, participants appeared to first observe the problem for its fundamental structures then decomposes the problem into smaller sub-problems. We conjecture that problem decomposition may be a required skill to solve both CS and spatial reasoning problems, and thus, could be a possible factor that contributes to the correlation between the two fields. Further study into utilization of problem decomposition in CS and spatial reasoning may provide more insights into the correlation between success in CS and spatial reasoning ability.
Federal Land Use Regulation as Market Restoration

Although most land use regulation in the United States remains local, the federal government has played an increasing role. Some of the federal intervention, particularly in the environmental area, has involved affirmative federal regulation superimposed on the local regulatory scheme. But other federal intervention operates differently, by overriding local regulation to permit markets to operate. In addition to the taking clause, examples include RLUIPA, the Telecommunications Act, the Fair Housing Act, and the First Amendment’s adult use jurisprudence. In each of these areas, local regulation survives only if it leaves intact a sufficiently thick market for the uses federal law seeks to protect. To mount a successful challenge, the landowner must demonstrate that the local regulation would leave consumers without adequate access to federally protected uses. In evaluating the adequacy of markets for federally protected uses, municipal boundaries are sometimes, but not always, critical. When the concern is assuring access to religious facilities or adult uses, a municipality should be able to justify a reasonable ordinance, despite its exclusionary effects, by demonstrating the availability of reasonable access in neighboring communities. But when access to municipal facilities – particularly schools – is at issue, municipal boundaries are critical and access in neighboring communities is unlikely to prove adequate.
The CMU Array. A 3D Nano-Printed, Fully Customizable Ultra-High-Density Microelectrode Array

Microelectrode arrays (MEAs) provide the means to record electrophysiological activity fundamental to both basic and clinical neuroscience (e.g. brain computer interfaces). Despite recent advances, current MEAs have significant limitations, including recording density, fragility, expense, and the inability to optimize the probe to individualized study or patient needs. Here we address the technological limitations through the utilization of the newest developments in 3D nanoparticle printing. Our CMU Arrays possess previously impossible electrode densities (> 6000 channels/cm2) with tip diameters as small as 10um. Most importantly, the probes are entirely customizable owing to the adaptive manufacturing process. Any combination of individual shank lengths, impedances, and layouts are possible. This is achieved in part via our new multi-layer, multi material, custom 3D-printed circuit boards, a fabrication advancement in itself. This device design enables new experimental avenues of targeted, large-scale recording of electrical signals from a variety of biological tissues.
College Students’ Fear of Crime and Perception of Safety: The Influence of Personal and University Prevention Measures

This research examines college students’ fear of crime and safety perceptions and its relationship to their perceptions of university safety efforts and personal preventative behavior. Quantitative...
Urban Renewal and “Ghetto” Development in Baltimore: Two Sides of the Same Coin

This article uses critical race theory to examine the implementation of one of the first full-scale urban renewal rehabilitation projects in Baltimore, Maryland. Using a race-conscious lens, the to...
Substituent Effects on Temperature Dependence of Kinetic Isotope Effects in Hydride-Transfer Reactions of NADH/NAD + Analogues in Solution: Reaction Center Rigidity Is the Key

Substituent effects on the temperature dependence of primary kinetic isotope effects, characterized by ΔEa = EaD - EaH, for two series of the title reactions in acetonitrile were studied. The change from ΔEa ≈ 0 for a highly rigid system to ΔEa > 0 for systems with reduced rigidities was observed. The rigidities were controlled by the electronic and steric effects. This work replicates the observations in enzymes and opens a new research direction that studies structure-ΔEa relationship.
Glutathione supplementation decreases mortality and congenital heart disease in an avian model of fetal alcohol spectrum disorders

Decades of public education regarding dire consequences of prenatal alcohol exposure (PAE) have not reduced alcohol consumption during pregnancy. PAE can result in fetal alcohol spectrum disorder (FASD). Recent reports have revealed high prevalence of FASD ( ≥1%), rivaling that of autism. Furthermore, roughly 40% of individuals with FASD have congenital heart defects (CHDs). PAE effects include damage to neural crest cells (NCCs), precursors of the autonomic nervous system and regulators of cardiogenesis. Common defects seen in FAE and in our avian FASD model include …
Cerebellar degeneration selectively disrupts continuous mental operations

Inspired by computational models of how the cerebellum supports the coordination of movement, we propose a novel hypothesis to specify constraints on how this subcortical structure contributes to higher-level cognition. Specifically, we propose that the cerebellum helps facilitate dynamic continuous transformations of mental representations (CoRT). To test this hypothesis, we compared the performance of individuals with cerebellar degeneration (CD) on tasks that entail continuous movement-like mental operations with tasks that entail more discrete mental operations. In the first pair of experiments, individuals with CD were impaired on a mental rotation task, showing a slower rate of mental rotation compared to control participants. In contrast, the rate at which they scanned discrete representations in visual working memory was similar to that observed in the control group. In the second pair of experiments, we turned to mathematical cognition as a test of the generality of the CoRT hypothesis. Individuals with CD were selectively impaired in adding single-digit numbers, a task hypothesized to entail a mental operation involving continuous transformations along a mental number line. In contrast, their rate of performing arithmetic operations thought to involve retrieval from a look-up table was unimpaired. These results, obtained in disparate task domains, suggest a general role for the cerebellum in coordinating dynamic transformations in mental space, paralleling key features of computational theories concerning the cerebellum9s role in coordinated movement.
Giant enhancement of exciton diffusivity in two-dimensional semiconductors.

Two-dimensional (2D) semiconductors bear great promise for application in optoelectronic devices, but the low diffusivity of excitons stands as a notable challenge for device development. Here, we demonstrate that the diffusivity of excitons in monolayer MoS2 can be improved from 1.5 ± 0.5 to 22.5 ± 2.5 square centimeters per second with the presence of trapped charges. This is manifested by a spatial expansion of photoluminescence when the incident power reaches a threshold value to enable the onset of exciton Mott transition. The trapped charges are estimated to be in a scale of 1010 per square centimeter and do not affect the emission features and recombination dynamics of the excitons. The result indicates that trapped charges provide an attractive strategy to screen exciton scattering with phonons and impurities/defects. Pointing towards a new pathway to control exciton transport and many-body interactions in 2D semiconductors.
Complex multidisciplinary resection of a malignant rhabdoid tumor of the neck & mediastinum in a pediatric patient

Abstract Extrarenal malignant rhabdoid tumors (MRT) are highly aggressive tumors of childhood with a poor overall prognosis. While most commonly found within the kidney and central nervous system, MRT can also occur in other locations and present highly specific challenges for pediatric surgical providers in an effort to achieve a meaningful resection. Cervical rhabdoid tumors are extremely rare. We report the multidisciplinary management of a patient with a complex cervicothoracic malignant rhabdoid tumor who underwent successful surgical resection with a greater than one year survival.
Epistemic instrumentalism

According to epistemic instrumentalism, epistemically rational beliefs are beliefs that are produced in ways that are conducive to certain ends that one wants to attain. In “Epistemic Rationality as Instrumental Rationality: A Critique,” Thomas Kelly advances various objections to epistemic instrumentalism. While I agree with the general thrust of Kelly’s objections, he does not distinguish between two forms of epistemic instrumentalism. Intellectualist forms maintain that epistemically rational beliefs are beliefs arrived at in compliance with rules that are conducive to epistemic ends, such as believing true propositions and not believing false propositions. Pragmatist forms maintain that rational beliefs are those that are formed, maintained, and revised in accordance with rules that are conducive to whatever ends one wants to attain. In this paper, I argue against both forms of epistemic instrumentalism and suggest that epistemic instrumentalism grows out of a mistaken conception of what it means to say that the standards of epistemic rationality are ‘normative.’
Controlling All-optical Switching Speeds in an Epsilon-Near-Zero Enhanced Metasurface

We propose a novel approach to control the speed of all-optical switches. In an epsilon-near-zero-metasurface comprising materials with picosecond- and nanosecond-switching-timescales, the switching-speed is controlled by the material interacting more strongly with the probe.
“Follow my Finsta”: Drinking trajectories in relation to auxiliary Instagram accounts

OBJECTIVE This study explored the burgeoning youth practice of possessing a fake, secondary Instagram account known as a "Finsta" in relation to exposure to alcohol-related content and college drinking. PARTICIPANTS First-year university students with at least a primary Instagram account (N = 296) completed online surveys. METHOD Surveys assessed whether participants did or did not have a Finsta pre-matriculation (T1), Instagram alcohol content exposure one month into college (T2), and alcohol use at T1 and near the end of the first year (T3). RESULTS Moderated mediation analysis revealed that having a Finsta at T1 was associated with greater exposure to alcohol-related posts at T2 and, for male but not female students, predicted heavier drinking at T3. CONCLUSION Findings are consistent with previous results suggesting that males may be more behaviorally impacted by peers' depictions of alcohol use on social media. This carries implications for social media-based intervention efforts targeting first-year students.
Model Studies of Automobile Exhaust Catalysis Using Single Crystals of Rhodium and Ceria/Zirconia

In this brief proceedings paper, we describe a continuing program aimed at defining and understanding the reaction kinetics over well defined metal single crystal catalysts under conditions of temperature and pressure comparable to those encountered in automotive exhaust. By studying such well-defined model catalysts, we are able to isolate the activity of the noble metal component of the catalyst free from complicating factors such as metal particle size and catalyst support effects. Because single crystals have well-defined surface structures, surface areas, and no support effects, they are ideal for activity comparisons between metal surfaces with varying geometric structures. A particular focus of our current studies is on how the catalytic chemistry is effected by the oxygen uptake, storage, and release processes carried out by the oxygen storage material. For these latter studies, we have prepared and characterized a number of model, single crystal thin films of ceria with and without Zr-doping. Here we provide an overview of some of the results from these studies.
Origin and Evolution of the Interstellar Medium

The evolution of the interstellar medium is driven by a number of complex processes which are deeply interwoven, including mass accretion from nearby (dwarf) systems and the intergalactic medium, mass ejection into the halo and interglactic medium, stellar mass injection into the interstellar medium, star formation, mechanical energy input by stellar winds and supernova explosions, and radiative energy input. These processes are mediated by dust and molecules in an only partially understood way. This complex feedback between stars and the medium they are formed in drives the evolution of galaxies and their observational characteristics. This review describes our understanding of the synergetic interaction of these processes and culminates in a set of key questions.
Sum rules in the pair-correlation theory of many-boson systems

The sum rules for the dynamic liquid-structure factor are investigated for the pair-correlation theory of many-boson systems, which allows a pair of particles to scatter with each other an infinite number of times above the condensate. In the long-wavelength limit the sum rules are not satisfied, and unphysical behavior develops. However, in the short-wavelength limit the sum rules are satisfied, but the energy spectrum for the quasi-particles becomes that for free particles. In the intermediate-wavelength region good agreement is obtained with the experimental single-quasi-particle contribution to the structure factor. The momentum distribution is obtained and shown to behave likek−1 for small momentumk. The pair amplitude is also obtained.
Frequency selective transmission through waveguides with ENZ sections

Multi-sectional waveguide structures providing frequency selective transmission controlled by transverse insertion of metal rods in the ENZ sections, are proposed and investigated by using full-wave simulations. It is demonstrated, that when the diameter of the inserted rod is adequately chosen, the position of the full transmission peak in the waveguide spectrum can be furnished at any frequency within the range of 0.75 GHz above the cut-off frequency of the ENZ section.
Correlation among estimators of the variance of the sample mean

Various types of estimators have been proposed for estimating the variance of the sample mean, a fundamental quantity in simulation output analysis. When used with low degrees of freedom, several of these estimators have little bias. But the low degrees of freedom correspond to high variance. One approach to creating estimators with smaller variance while maintaining the negligible bias is to use linear combinations of known estimators. Whether linear combinations provide improved estimators — and, if so, the choice of estimators to be included in the linear combination — depends upon the correlations among the various estimators. Linear combinations of estimators having high positive correlation would provide little improvement while combinations of independent estimators would provide substantial gain. We investigate the correlation among four well-known estimators as a function of the type of stochastic process generating the data, the sample size, the estimator type, and estimator parameters.
Comparisons of herbicide treated and cultivated herbicide-resistant corn.

Four glyphosate resistant corn (Zea mays L.) hybrids, a glufosinate-ammonium resistant hybrid, and a conventional atrazine resistant hybrid gown at Stoneville, MS in 2005, 2006, and 2007 with furrow irrigation were treated with their respective herbicides and their growth, yield, and mycotoxin incidence were compared with untreated cultivated plots. Leaf area index (LAI) and dry matter accumulation (DMA) were collected on a weekly basis beginning at growth stage V3 and terminating at anthesis. Crop growth rates (CRGs) and relative growth rates (RGRs) were calculated. Plots were later harvested, yield and yield component data collected, and kernel samples analyzed for aflatoxin and fumonisin. Leaf area index, DMA, CRG, and RGR were not different among the herbicide treated plots and from those that were cultivated. Curves for LAI and DMA were similar to those previously reported. Aflatoxin and fumonisin were relatively low in all plots. Herbicide application or the lack thereof had no negative impact on the incidence of kernel contamination by these two mycotoxins. Herbicides, especially glyphosate on resistant hybrids, have no negative effects on corn yields or kernel quality in corn produced in a humid subtropical environment.
When context matters: a multilevel analysis of household and neighbourhood crowding on aggression and withdrawal

Studies examining the effects of density and crowding on human social behaviour have produced inconsistent results. This paper argues that among the reasons for these varied findings are: (1) the failure of researchers to examine how the level of density in the wider contextual environment influences the nature of the relationship between household density and social behaviour; (2) the tendency of past studies to overlook the negative consequences of both very low and very high levels of density; and (3) a lack of research investigating whether multiple coping strategies to high-density environments may be invoked by a single individual. Data from the Toronto Mental Health and Stress study are analysed using hierarchical nonlinear modelling to assess the interaction between household and neighbourhood density effects on aggression and withdrawal. The results support the notion that the effects of density on aggressive and withdrawn behaviour are nonlinear in nature and that the impact of household density is conditional on neighbourhood density. The implications of these findings for future research on density are discussed.
Theories, Practices, and Pluralism: A Pragmatic Interpretation of Critical Social Science

A hallmark of recent critical social science has been the commitment to methodological and theoretical pluralism. Habermas and others have argued that diverse theoretical and empirical approaches are needed to support informed social criticism. However, an unresolved tension remains in the epistemology of critical social science: the tension between the epistemic advantages of a single comprehensive theoretical framework and those of methodological and theoretical pluralism. By shifting the grounds of the debate in a way suggested by Dewey’s pragmatism, the author argues that a thoroughgoing pluralism strengthens, rather than weakens, both the social scientific and political aims of critical social science. Not only does pragmatism offer a plausible interpretation of the epistemic pluralism of the social sciences, but it also provides a way of thinking about their fundamentally practical and political character. With a better normative vocabulary with which to discuss the epistemological issues of such a ...
Aboveground productivity and soil respiration in three Hawaiian rain forests

Abstract I measured aboveground productivity and soil respiration in three Hawaiian rain forests to compare carbon allocation patterns among natural forests varying in climatic, soil and vegetational characteristics. I hypothesized that total carbon allocation to roots (i.e., root production plus respiration) would increase with increasing aboveground detritus production, but that proportional allocation to roots would decline with increasing productivity. The three forests studied comprised a gradient, along which aboveground production and nutrient fluxes in litter production increased. Rates of fine litter production ranged from 492–614 g m −2 yr −1 , tree growth ranged from 90–468 g m −2 yr −1 , and aboveground net productivity (ANPP) ranged from 583–1082 g m −2 yr −1 . Soil respiration ranged from 650–890 g m −2 yr −1 of CO 2 –C and increased with increasing aboveground production. In the three forests studied, estimated belowground C allocation increased with increasing rates of aboveground production, but the relative amount of C allocated belowground declined with increasing ANPP. A larger proportion of production was allocated to wood in the more productive sites.
Diffusion of Measurement Invariance Assessment in Cross-National Empirical Marketing Research: Perspectives from the Literature and a Survey of Researchers

The authors examine (1) the extent to which cross-national marketing scholars report measurement invariance (MI) assessment results and (2) what cross-national marketing scholars think about MI ass...
Risk factors for male-to-female partner sexual abuse

We review the risk and protective factors for male-to-female sexual abuse. Although partner sexual abuse is a low base rate behavior, which can attenuate correlation coefficients, several relations had moderate effect sizes. Younger (under 30) and older (over 50) women, compared to those between 30 and 50 years old, were more likely to report being victims of partner sexual abuse, as were unemployed women and women from low-income households. Prior unwanted sexual experiences (from a wide variety of perpetrators) and the severity of male-to-female partner physical aggression were associated with male-to-female partner sexual abuse. It is difficult to form conclusions from only six empirical studies. More empirical studies are needed to ascertain the populations most at risk for partner sexual abuse.
Stimulus encoding as a determinant of retroactive inhibition

It was hypothesized that unlearning would be reduced if S s were able to encode differentially the nominal stimulus terms in the first and second lists in the A-B, A-C (AC) paradigm, presumably due to a decrease in the amount of first-list response elicitation during second-list learning. By employing compound-trigram stimuli and a manipulation of initial-letter overlap of responses and different stimulus components, conditions were established which were expected to provide for high (H) or low (L) opportunity for differential stimulus encoding in the AC paradigm and in the A-B, D-C (DC) paradigm. Under L conditions unlearning was inferred in the AC paradigm, since first-list recall was poorer than that in the DC paradigm. There was no evidence for unlearning in the AC paradigm under H conditions. Under all conditions, degree of second-list learning had no reliable effect on first-list recall except over the first two trials.
Self-assembly of stepped hollow oxide nanostructures with plasmonic-photonic properties

We report the formation of hollow oxide nanostructures by oxidation of aluminum nanodots on gold thin film. The nanodots are formed by rapid thermal annealing of the thin film close to its melting point. The heights of the dots can be easily controlled via the initial thickness and temperature. The structure exhibits a phase transition when electrochemically oxidized and forms porous structure with a stepped interior. Despite the high level of disorder, a correlation length can be easily identified from the Fourier transformation of the surface. UV-visible spectroscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy show a stop gap at 1800 cm -1 showing the potential for photonic material application despite the high level of disorder.
Catalase Inhibition With 3-Amino-1,2,4-Triazole Does Not Abolish Infarct Size Reduction in Heat-Shocked Rats

Background Recent studies have shown that improved myocardial salvage after heat-shock pretreatment correlates with the amount of induced cardiac heat-shock protein (HSP)72. However, heat shock also induces myocardial catalase activity, potentially reducing free radical–mediated ischemic injury. The aim of the present study was to determine whether catalase inhibition with 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole (3-AT) abolishes the reduction of infarct size conferred by heat-shock treatment in rats. Methods and Results Myocardial catalase activity was measured in both heat-shocked and control rats 60 minutes after either 3-AT (1000 mg/kg IV) or saline infusion. In separate experiments, heat-shocked and control rats were treated with 3-AT or saline 60 minutes before being subjected to 35 minutes of left coronary artery occlusion and 120 minutes of reperfusion. Infarct size was determined by dual perfusion with triphenyltetrazolium chloride and phthalocyanine blue dye. Heat-shock treatment significantly increased myocardial catalase compared with control animals (180.5±4.8, n=6, versus 86.2±14.7, n=5, units/g wet wt; P P Conclusions Catalase inhibition with 3-AT does not abolish the reduction of infarct size in heat-shocked rats.
Phenotypic clusters within sepsis-associated multiple organ dysfunction syndrome.

Introduction Sepsis is a devastating condition that is generally treated as a single disease. Identification of meaningfully distinct clusters may improve research, treatment and prognostication among septic patients. We therefore sought to identify clusters among patients with severe sepsis or septic shock.
Load sharing mechanism for Mobile Access Gateways in PMIPv6

Mobile Access Gateway (MAG) is a component of Proxy Mobile IPv6 (PMIPv6) which provides network-layer transparent mobility to mobile nodes (MN). MAG serves a local geographical area and mobile nodes in its vicinity may attach to it to get the mobility services from its controlling PMIPV6 domain. Since MAG is the point of attachment of mobile nodes, negotiated and guaranteed quality of service (QoS) is affected in case of service disruptions and overload of the MAG. To avoid/minimize the degradation of quality of service, we propose effective mechanisms to share the load of affected MAG with the MAG(s) that are working under normal conditions. We propose to handover certain mobile nodes to other MAGs depending upon their geographical serving area and current capacity. Furthermore, location of mobile node, its quality of service profile, direction of motion and its multi-interface capability are major factors in selecting the mobile nodes for handover.
Current-perpendicular (CPP) magnetoresistance in magnetic metallic multilayers

We present an experimentalist's view of the theory and published data for the magnetoresistance (MR) of a multilayer composed of alternating ferromagnetic (F) and non-magnetic (N) metals measured with current flow perpendicular to the layer planes (CPP-MR). We explain the advantages of this geometry for determining the fundamental quantities underlying spin-polarized transport, describe the different techniques developed to measure the CPP-MR, summarize the salient features of the models used to analyze experimental data, and describe tests of those models. We then review what has been learned so far about spin-dependent scattering anisotropy and spin relaxation in F-metals and at F/N interfaces, specific resistances of F/N interfaces, the temperature dependence of spin-polarized transport parameters, and mixing of the spin-polarized electron currents. After a brief overview of some new directions, we conclude with a list of questions still to be answered.
Note‐taking English as a simplified register

Empirical investigation of the variety of English used in note‐taking reveals this form of language to be a simplified register characterized by many of the same simplifying processes that are found in baby talk (BT) and foreigner talk (FT). The English note‐taking register (NT) is, however, distinguished from BT and FT both by having a number of reduction processes unique to it and by lacking entirely the clarifying, upgrading, and expressive processes in them. A study of the (semi‐) sentences in notes of university lectures by seven subjects identified the following 10 features: abbreviation/symbolization; omission of articles; omission of pronouns; omission of interrogative‐auxiliary do; omission of finite copulas; omission of phrases or other multiword groups; amalgamation of two or more sentences into a single topic + comment structure; participialization of relative clauses; nominalization; and passivization. The motivation for this combination of simplificational properties in NT derives from the d...
On the stability of open networks: A unified approach by stochastic dominance

Using stochastic dominance, in this paper we provide a new characterization of point processes. This characterization leads to a unified proof for various stability results of open Jackson networks where service times are i.i.d. with a general distribution, external interarrivai times are i.i.d. with a general distribution and the routing is Bernoulli. We show that if the traffic condition is satisfied, i.e., the input rate is smaller than the service rate at each queue, then the queue length process (the number of customers at each queue) is tight. Under the traffic condition, the pth moment of the queue length process is bounded for allt if the p+lth moment of the service times at all queues are finite. If, furthermore, the moment generating functions of the service times at all queues exist, then all the moments of the queue length process are bounded for allt. When the interarrivai times are unbounded and non-lattice (resp. spreadout), the queue lengths and the remaining service times converge in distribution (resp. in total variation) to a steady state. Also, the moments converge if the corresponding moment conditions are satisfied.
REEXPRESSION OF THE MAJOR HISTOCOMPATIBILITY COMPLEX (MHC) CLASS-I ANTIGEN H-2K(B) BY M1 (B16-F10) MURINE MELANOMA-CELLS

We monitored the expression of MHC class I antigens in a clonal isolate (M1) of B16-F10 murine melanoma cells, under various condition of growth in vitro. We found that, compared to exponentially growing cultures, cells from confluent M1 cultures expressed higher levels of H-2D(b) and H-2K(b) surface antigens. Expression of MHC class I antigens could be enhanced further by incubation of M1 cells in serum-free medium for 24-48 hours. Northern blot analyses indicated that the up-regulation of MHC class I antigen expression was associated with increased levels of H-2K(b) and H-2D(b) mRNAs, without a concomitant decrease in c-myc expression. Analyses of the cell cycle distribution of M1 cells stained for MHC class I antigens failed to show any differential segregation of H-2D(b)- or H-2K(b)-positive cells in any phase of the cell cycle. Enhanced MHC class I antigen expression appeared not to be due to the release into the medium of known cytokines like IFN-alpha, -beta, -gamma, TNF-alpha, IL-6 (IFN-beta(2)), and IL-1 by the M1 cells either at confluence, or after growth in serum-free medium. Taken together, our experimental results indicate that expression of MHC class I genes by M1 cells can be greatly enhanced by manipulating culture conditions; these observations are particularly important for the re-expression of the H-2K(b) gene, which was assumed to be phenotypically silent in B16 cells. These data also suggest that re-expression of H-2K(b) antigen in M1 cells at confluence may be related to cell-cell contact, consistent with the concept that H-2K(b) molecules can play a nonimmune role in cellular communication and growth control.
Establishing a peritoneal dissemination xenograft mouse model for survival outcome assessment of experimental gastric cancer.

Abstract Background Peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer is a common reason for unresectability, a frequent recurrence mechanism, and a common cause for death. The present study was performed to test peritoneal dissemination gastric cancer xenografts mouse models that would support survival outcome analyses. Materials and methods Human gastric cancer cell lines AGS, NCI-N87, and SNU-16 were intraperitoneally injected into nude mice and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) mice. The peritoneal tumor formation and mouse survival were compared among different groups. Mice were treated with oxaliplatin (5 mg/kg) and NVP-BEZ235 (10 mg/kg). Results The formation rate of peritoneal cancer after intraperitoneal injection of 5 × 10 6 SNU16, NCI-N87, and AGS cells was 2/8, 6/8, and 0/8 in nude mice, and 6/6, 6/6, and 0/6 in SCID mice, respectively. Median animal survival with peritoneal dissemination was 74 d for NCI-N87 cells (10 × 10 6 ), 95 d for SNU16 cells (10 × 10 6 ), 78 d for SNU16 cells (20 × 10 6 ), and 44 d for SNU16 cells (40 × 10 6 ). In a therapeutic experiment with 40 × 10 6 SNU16 cells, animal survival was significantly improved by oxaliplatin treatment compared with the control group (58.5 d versus 45 d, P versus 45 d, P = 0.249) treatment. In the accompanying subcutaneous SNU16 mouse model, relative tumor volume compared with controls was not significantly decreased by oxaliplatin treatment ( P = 0.151) but by NVP-BEZ235 therapy ( P = 0.008). Conclusions Peritoneal gastric cancer xenografts were successfully established after intraperitoneal injection NCI-N87 and SNU16 cells. These findings provide a useful survival outcome assessment model for experimental gastric cancer research.
Polymer equations of state derived from molecular simulation

Abstract This work characterizes fluid equations of state for many common polymers from small oligomers to the infinite chain limit. The methodology applies the formalism of discontinuous molecular dynamics (DMD) and thermodynamic perturbation theory (TPT) previously developed for polyethylene [1] , [2] . Oligomers with each structure are simulated for a series of molecular weights varying from the monomer to roughly 1100 g/mol. Each oligomer is simulated at 21 densities to interpolate the reference and perturbation contributions to the equation of state. Plotting the perturbation term vs. density for a polymer series leads to an asymptotic inference in the long chain limit. Interpolation functions are then developed to characterize the polymer at any molecular weight. The polymers characterized include polyethyleneoxide, polylacticacid, polypropylene, polyisoprene, and polystyrene. The characterizations are compared to the result of Wertheim's theory of polymerization to show how individual monomer structure lead distinctive behavior. Given these characterizations, it is straightforward to predict phase behavior of polymer blends and solutions that can be tested by experiment and targeted molecular simulations at specific compositions.
Modulatory effects of aluminum, calcium, lithium, magnesium, and zinc ions on [3H]MK-801 binding in human cerebral cortex.

Abstract The independent and combined effects of Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , Zn 2+ , Al 3+ and Li + on [ 3 H]MK-801 binding in human cerebral cortical membranes were studied to further characterize the modulatory effects of metal ions on the N -methyl- d -aspartate (NMDA) receptor-ionophore. Glycine, in the presence of glutamate, significantly intensified the Mg 2+ inhibition of [ 3 H]MK-801 binding whereas it masked the Ca 2+ enhancement and slightly diminished the Zn 2+ inhibition. Both Ca 2+ and Mg 2+ reduced the Zn 2+ inhibitory potency. Aluminum demonstrated a potent, relatively glycine-insensitive inhibition of [ 3 H]MK-801 binding as an amorphous Al(OH) 3 polymer rather than as the free ion. Cationic modulation of the NMDA receptor-ionophore appears to be regulated at multiple sites which have significant allosteric interactions.
Behavioral knowledge among direct care staff in an inpatient psychiatric setting

Despite demonstrations of the utility and cost effectiveness of behavioral programming, such techniques are not commonly employed in psychiatric inpatient settings. Several explanations for this have been proposed, including inadequate levels of training and competence in behavioral programming among prevalent treatment staff. This study employed a multiple choice inventory to assess behavioral knowledge among subjects representing several direct care disciplines commonly found in inpatient psychiatric settings. The results support assertions of relatively low levels of behavioral knowledge among disciplines that are most prevalent in such settings. The implications of these results for initiatives to enhance behavioral knowledge and skills are discussed.
Asymptotic Properties of Backfitting Estimators

When additive models with more than two covariates are fitted with the backfitting algorithm proposed by Buja et al. [2], the lack of explicit expressions for the estimators makes study of their theoretical properties cumbersome. Recursion provides a convenient way to extend existing theoretical results for bivariate additive models to models of arbitrary dimension. In the case of local polynomial regression smoothers, recursive asymptotic bias and variance expressions for the backfitting estimators are derived. The estimators are shown to achieve the same rate of convergence as those of univariate local polynomial regression. In the case of independence between the covariates, non-recursive bias and variance expressions, as well as the asymptotically optimal values for the bandwidth parameters, are provided.
Optical disk based neural network.

Using an optical disk as a large capacity associative memory in an optical neural network is described. The proposed architecture is capable of data processing at high speed.
The pyrolysis of a Wyoming coal in different nonreactive atmospheres

Abstract This study investigated how differing nonreactive atmospheres affected the properties of chars produced by coal pyrolysis. Samples of a Wyoming subbituminous coal were first heated at 586°C in helium for 6 hr. They were then heated for another 6 hr at 300°C higher in helium, argon or nitrogen. Weight losses in the chars during the second step were apparently unaffected by the choice of inert environment. Surface characteristics, pore structures, and reactivities of the resulting chars were, however, significantly different as shown by the results of scanning electron microscopy, nitrogen adsorption, carbon dioxide adsorption, and reactivity of the chars in carbon dioxide. Smoothness of the surface, adsorption capacities, N2 and CO2 surface areas, and reactivity during gasification all decreased in the direction (in order of inert atmospheres employed) He >Ar >N2. In addition, there were strong indications that trace contaminants in the inert gases could alter the characteristics of the resulting char markedly.
Pharmacodynamics of procainamide in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias

The onset and offset of the electropharmacologic effect of procainamide was studied in nine patients with ventricular arrhythmias. Procainamide was given at a constant infusion rate of 0.27 +/- 0.05 mg/kg/min for 50 to 60 minutes to an average total dose of 15.5 +/- 4.4 mg/kg. The QRS interval (used as an index of electropharmacologic effect) at a paced cycle length of 500 ms, and the plasma procainamide concentration were measured simultaneously every 5 minutes during infusion and at frequent intervals for up to 4 hours during a washout period. The average peak plasma concentration was 15.8 +/- 9.6 micrograms/ml and the average maximum QRS interval prolongation was 23.9 +/- 6.8% from baseline. The temporal and static plasma concentration-effect relationships were evaluated by pharmacodynamic modeling and linear regression. For six patients, there was a minimal (less than 2 minutes) delay in the plasma concentration-effect relationship, and the data fit a linear relationship with an average slope of 3.2 +/- 1.1 msec/microgram/ml. For the other three patients, there was a significant delay (3, 10, and 18 minutes respectively) in the plasma concentration-effect relationship. In most patients, the electropharmacologic effect of procainamide is rapid and proportional to plasma concentration; but in a minority of patients, significant delay occurs and could influence the results and interpretation of electropharmacologic studies.
Free convection about a vertical cylinder embedded in a porous medium

Abstract An analysis is made for free convective flow about a vertical cylinder embedded in a saturated porous medium, where surface temperature of the cylinder varies as x λ , a power function of distance from the leading edge. Within the framework of boundary-layer approximations, exact solution is obtained for the special case where surface temperature varies linearly with x, i.e. λ = 1. For other values of λ, approximate solutions based on local similarity and local non-similarity models are obtained. It is found that the local similarity solutions are sufficiently accurate for all practical purposes. Analytical expressions for local surface heat flux and overall surface heat flux are obtained.
Risk perception, worry, and test acceptance in average-risk women who undergo ovarian cancer screening

Objective We evaluated baseline knowledge of ovarian cancer risk and perceptions toward ovarian cancer screening (OCS) by initiating the normal risk ovarian screening study. Study Design Average-risk, postmenopausal women were enrolled between 2001 and 2011 as they entered the normal risk ovarian screening study. Participants completed baseline surveys of risk perception, cancer worry (Cancer Worry Scale), anxiety (State-Trait Anxiety Inventory), health and well-being survey (SF-36 HEALTH SURVEY), and acceptability of OCS. Results Of the 1242 women who were enrolled, 925 women (74.5%) completed surveys. The respondents estimated a mean lifetime risk of ovarian cancer of 29.9%, which is much higher than the actual risk of 1.4% for women in the United States. Only 2.8% of participants correctly estimated their risk; 35.4% of the participants reported their lifetime risk to be ≥50%. Cancer worry was low, with a median Cancer Worry Scale score of 7 of 24. Anxiety was comparable with published norms for women in this age group, with median STAI-State and STAI-Trait scores of 30 and 29 of 80, respectively. Overall, women reported good physical and mental well-being. In terms of OCS acceptability, 97.2% of respondents agreed or strongly agreed that "the benefits of screening outweigh the difficulties." Very few women were reluctant to undergo OCS because of time constraints (1.1%), pain (2.0%), or embarrassment (1.9%). Conclusion Average-risk women who underwent OCS highly overestimated their risk of ovarian cancer. Despite this, participants reported low cancer worry and anxiety. The discrepancy between knowledge of and attitudes toward ovarian cancer risk highlights the need for educational efforts in this area.