cssi/SciSciGPT-SciSciNet huggingface dataset:
Response of simulated propellant and explosives to projectile impact—III. Experimental and numerical results of warhead penetration and fragmentation

Summary This paper is the third of a series concerned with the effects of projectile impact on a simulated explosive or propellant, called Propergol. Experiments were conducted to study the fragmentation and perforation response of disks of this material when subjected to impact by blunt and cylindro-conical strikers. Similar tests were conducted on layered targets of Propergol and steel, and also for a simulated warhead that was struck by armor-piercing projectiles. Data were obtained by velocity measurement, high-speed photography and post-mortem target examination including collected fragments. A fragmentation oriented penetration code, AUTODYN(frag) was developed from the interfacing of a two-dimensional commercial finite difference code, AUTODYN, with a fragmentation subroutine, BFRACT, developed by other investigators. This program was utilized to study the microfracture and fragmentation processes in both monolithic and composite Propergol plates during their penetration by projectiles. In addition, numerical evaluations of the effects of simulated warhead penetration by armor-piercing bullets were conducted using the publicly available finite-element code DYNA2D. The numerical results were compared with corresponding experimental data and also with the predictions of an analytical representation of the phenomenon, described in the second paper of the series. Reasonable agreement was obtained in the domain where the hypotheses concerning the structure of the analysis and of the computations were applicable.
Responding to Allegations of Unethical Conduct.

Although relatively few professional counselors will be accused during their careers of unethical conduct, all are susceptible to such charges. This article explains the process used by boards in reviewing charges of unethical conduct, gives advice regarding actions that accused counselors might take to protect themselves legally and emotionally, and offers preventive steps that should be taken to avoid such charges.
Re-victimization patterns in a national longitudinal sample of children and youth.

Abstract Objective To understand to the degree to which a broad variety of victimizations, including child maltreatment, conventional crime, peer, and sexual victimizations, persist for children from 1 year to the next. Design A national sample of 1467 children aged 2–17 recruited through random digit dialing and assessed via telephone interviews (with caretakers and youth themselves) about a comprehensive range of victimization experiences in the previous year, and then re-assessed (72.3% of baseline sample) after a 1-year interval. Results The risk for re-victimization in Year 2 was high for children victimized in Year 1, with risk ratios ranging from 2.2 for physical assault to 6.9 for sexual victimization. Victimization of any one type left substantial vulnerability even for different types of subsequent re-victimization (e.g., property crime victimization was associated with higher risk of sexual victimization the next year). Children with four or more types of victimization in Year 1 (“poly-victims”) were at particularly high risk of persisting poly-victimization. Persisting poly-victimization was more likely for children who scored high on anger/aggression and who had recent life adversities. Desistence from poly-victimization was associated with having more good friends. Onset of poly-victimization in Year 2, in contrast to persistence from Year 1, was associated with violent or maltreating families, family problems such as alcohol abuse, imprisonment, unemployment and family disruption. Having more older siblings acted as both a risk factor and a protective factor for different groups of youth. Conclusion Children previously victimized in 1 year are at higher risk of continued victimization, and the poly-victims are at particular risk. These findings suggest the potential merit of identifying these high-risk children and making them priority targets for prevention efforts.
Correlation consistent basis sets for actinides. I. The Th and U atoms

New correlation consistent basis sets based on both pseudopotential (PP) and all-electron Douglas-Kroll-Hess (DKH) Hamiltonians have been developed from double- to quadruple-zeta quality for the actinide atoms thorium and uranium. Sets for valence electron correlation (5f6s6p6d), cc − pV nZ − PP and cc − pV nZ − DK3, as well as outer-core correlation (valence + 5s5p5d), cc − pwCV nZ − PP and cc − pwCV nZ − DK3, are reported (n = D, T, Q). The -PP sets are constructed in conjunction with small-core, 60-electron PPs, while the -DK3 sets utilized the 3rd-order Douglas-Kroll-Hess scalar relativistic Hamiltonian. Both series of basis sets show systematic convergence towards the complete basis set limit, both at the Hartree-Fock and correlated levels of theory, making them amenable to standard basis set extrapolation techniques. To assess the utility of the new basis sets, extensive coupled cluster composite thermochemistry calculations of ThFn (n = 2 − 4), ThO2, and UFn (n = 4 − 6) have been carried out. After accurately accounting for valence and outer-core correlation, spin-orbit coupling, and even Lamb shift effects, the final 298 K atomization enthalpies of ThF4, ThF3, ThF2, and ThO2 are all within their experimental uncertainties. Bond dissociation energies of ThF4 and ThF3, as well as UF6 and UF5, were similarly accurate. The derived enthalpies of formation for these species also showed a very satisfactory agreement with experiment, demonstrating that the new basis sets allow for the use of accurate composite schemes just as in molecular systems composed only of lighter atoms. The differences between the PP and DK3 approaches were found to increase with the change in formal oxidation state on the actinide atom, approaching 5-6 kcal/mol for the atomization enthalpies of ThF4 and ThO2. The DKH3 atomization energy of ThO2 was calculated to be smaller than the DKH2 value by ∼1 kcal/mol.
What Sustains ‘Internal Wars’? The dynamics of violent conflict and state weakness in Sudan

Abstract This contribution emphasises the need for a contextual rather than causal analysis of internal wars. Using Sudan's intransigent north–south divide and the crisis in Darfur as case studies, the underlying argument is that, over the course of Sudanese history since independence in 1956, both rebels and regimes have mobilised conditions of conflict to advance their political and economic agendas. The contemporary international system, in which war is understood as both an aberration and a problem with a presupposed solution, compartmentalises the varied and complex interactions of nation-states within a framework that is far from universally applicable. This encourages, even facilitates, the politics of warlordism in internal wars, particularly in the so-called ‘developing’ nation-states. In Sudan conditions of conflict with self-reinforcing tendencies outweigh the power of existing peace agreements. Issues of resource allocation and political marginalisation provide a volatile context for sustainin...
Recent developments in microtomography at GeoSoilEnviroCARS

A facility for x-ray computed microtomography (CMT) is operating as a national user facility for earth and environmental sciences research on the bending magnet beamline at the GeoSoilEnviroCARS sector at the Advanced Photon Source (APS). The APS bending magnet has a critical energy of 20 keV, and thus provides high flux at photon energies up to 100 keV, making it well suited to imaging a wide range of earth materials up to several cm in size. The beamline is equipped with a Si (111) double-crystal monochromator covering the energy range from 5 to 70 keV with beam sizes up to 50mm wide and 6mm high. The transmitted x-rays are imaged with a single crystal YAG or CdWO 4 scintillator, a microscope objective and a 1300x1030 pixel 12-bit 5MHz CCD detector. The maximum spatial resolution is under 1.5 μm in both the transmission radiographs and the reconstructed slices. Data collection times for full 3-D datasets range from 5-60 minutes. This facility has been used for a wide range of studies, including multiphase fluids in porous media, high-pressure studies, meteorites, and hyper-accumulating plants. We present recent technical improvements in the system, which include improved optics for samples larger than 5mm, significant reduction of ring artifacts, and correction of mechanical errors in the rotation stage.
Modelling and Performance of an Experimental Active Vibration Isolator

The performance of an active vibration isolator consisting of a fluid mount and an electromagnetic actuator is discussed. The electromagnetic actuator augments the inertia effects of the fluid mount to reduce the dynamic stiffness of the mount at the vibrational disturbance frequencies of the engine. The active isolator is modeled using bond graphs. Dynamic stiffness, blocked force, and free displacement transfer functions are developed from the bond graph model to gain insight into the active mount’s performance. A mount effectiveness analysis shows that reducing the mount’s dynamic stiffness results in better dynamic isolation. Numerical simulations along with laboratory testing of the active isolator are used to evaluate the performance of the mount. A simple laboratory experiment shows that an active mount can be controlled to have a dynamic stiffness that is 100 times (40 dB) lower than a passive mount, without sacrificing static stiffness.
Management of Open Fractures

Open fractures are high-energy injuries that require a principle-based approach, starting with detailed evaluation of patient status and injury severity. Early, systemic, wide-spectrum antibiotic therapy should cover gram-positive and gram-negative organisms, and a common regimen is a 3-day administration of a first-generation cephalosporin and an aminoglycoside, supplemented with ampicillin or penicillin to cover anaerobes in farm or vascular injuries. Local antibiotic delivery with the bead pouch technique increases the local concentration of antibiotics, minimizes systemic toxicity, and prevents secondary wound contamination. Thorough irrigation and surgical debridement is critical for prevention of infection. Primary wound closure remains controversial because of concerns for gas gangrene. Partial wound closure is an alternative, with delayed wound closure within 3 to 7 days. In the presence of extensive soft tissue damage, local or free muscle flaps should be transferred to achieve coverage. Stable fracture fixation should be achieved with a method suitable for the bone and soft tissue characteristics. Early bone grafting is indicated for bone defects, unstable fractures treated with external fixation, and delayed union. A management plan guided by the above principles will achieve the goals of prevention of infection, fracture healing, and restoration of function in most of these challenging injuries.
Detection of Corn Plant Population and Row Spacing Using Computer Vision

In this paper we present a new vision-based method to measure corn plant spacing and population at early growth stage. Images were acquired from a top-mounted camera under dayLight condition. Algorithms were developed to mosaic image sequence, vegetation segmentation, image thinning, stem center identification, row Line fitting, plant count and plant spacing measurement. Compared the results of vision-based system with manual stand counts in 3 varieties with 10 repetitions of 10 m sections of corn rows. Our system was well correlated to mannual stand count, and corn plant spacing estimation had no significant difference with manual stand measurements.
Adsorption and thermal decomposition of N-methylaniline on Pt(1 1 1)

Abstract The adsorption and thermal decomposition of N-methylaniline (NMA) on the Pt(1 1 1) surface has been studied with reflection absorption infrared spectroscopy (RAIRS), temperature programmed desorption (TPD), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). NMA adsorbs molecularly at 85 K through the nitrogen lone pair and is stable up to 300 K. At temperatures of 300–350 K it converts to two or more surface intermediates including the N-methyleneaniline (NMEA) species. This NMEA intermediate dissociates upon annealing to 450 K, and further annealing leads to the desorption of HCN and H2, leaving only C on the surface at 800 K.
A Fast Parallel Implementation of the Wavelet Packet Best Basis Algorithm on the MP-2 for Real-Time MRI

This technical report is equivalent to technical report PCS-TR96-271, issued in October 1996.
Pulsar Radiation Mechanisms

Gamma rays produced by electrons accelerated in the strong magnetic fields of neutron stars annihilate to electron–positron pairs. This leads to a two-stream situation, which results in bunching and coherent radio emission.
Slit branches out: a secreted protein mediates both attractive and repulsive axon guidance.

Slit is a large, modular extracellular matrix protein containing four arrays of leucine-rich repeat (LRR) sequences, followed by a string of epidermal growth factor (EGF)–like repeats (Rothberg et al. 1990). slit mutations were first identified in the famous Nusslein-Volhard/Wieschaus patterning screen because they affect external midline structures in the Drosophila embryo ( Nusslein-Volhard et al. 1984). Drosophila and C. elegans have a single slit gene, while humans and rats have three ( 5, 6, 11, 2 and 10). Slit is expressed by midline glia in the fly embryo; and in slit mutants these glia are ventrally displaced and the ladder-like axon scaffold of the central nervous system (CNS) collapses down to a single tract at the midline ( Figure 1B). Mutations that delete all midline glia produce similar phenotypes, so Slit was thought to be primarily involved in the control of midline cell fates. The collapse of the axon ladder was assumed to be a secondary consequence of these cell fate changes. A series of recent papers in Cell and Neuron ( 2, 9, 10, 17 and 12) and a paper in press in Development ( Battye et al. 1999), however, now show that Slit’s major functions are likely to be in the direct control of axon guidance decisions. Remarkably, Slit has been shown to have at least two distinct guidance activities, discovered through complementary genetic and biochemical approaches.
In vitro studies of a FLT3 inhibitor combined with chemotherapy: sequence of administration is important to achieve synergistic cytotoxic effects

Patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) harboring internal tandem duplication mutations of the FLT3 receptor (FLT3/ITD mutations) have a poor prognosis compared to patients lacking such mutations. Incorporation of FLT3 inhibitors into existing chemotherapeutic regimens has the potential to improve clinical outcomes in this high-risk group of patients. CEP-701, an indolocarbazole-derived selective FLT3 inhibitor, potently induces apoptosis in FLT3/ITD-expressing cell lines and primary leukemic blasts. We conducted a series of in vitro cytotoxicity experiments combining CEP-701 with chemotherapy using the FLT3/ITD-expressing cell lines MV4-11 and BaF3/ITD as well as a primary blast sample from a patient with AML harboring a FLT3/ITD mutation. CEP-701 induced cytotoxicity in a synergistic fashion with cytarabine, daunorubicin, mitoxantrone, or etoposide if used simultaneously or immediately following exposure to the chemotherapeutic agent. In contrast, the combination of pretreatment with CEP-701 followed by chemotherapy was generally antagonistic, particularly with the more cell cycle-dependent agents such as cytarabine. This effect appears to be due to CEP-701 causing cell cycle arrest. We conclude that in FLT3/ITD-expressing leukemia cells, CEP-701 is synergistic with standard AML chemotherapeutic agents, but only if used simultaneously with or immediately following the chemotherapy. These results should be considered when designing trials combining chemotherapy with each of the FLT3 inhibitors currently in clinical development.
Dopaminergic stimulation of fromtal ciliary activity in the gill of Mytilus edulis.

Abstract 1. 1. Dopamine (DA) produced a graded stimulation of the rate of crawling and particle transport by Mytilus edulis gill pieces through a mechanism proposed to involve frontal cilioexcitation. 2. 2. Epinine mimicked the graded dopaminergic stimulation, but norepinephrine, epinephrine, isoproterenol, tyramine and apomorphine did not significantly stimulate crawling rates. 3. 3. The dopaminergic stimulation of crawling was most effectively antagonized by ergonovine, 2-BOL and cyproheptadine and to a lesser extent by haloperidol and phenoxybenzamine. Methysergide and phentolamine were ineffective as antagonists. 4. 4. Even though 10 −5 M 5HT inhibited the crawling rate through a mechanism believed to be related to lateral cilioexcitation and not by inhibition of frontal cilia, 5HT effectively reduced the dopaminergic stimulation of crawling. 5. 5. Frontal ciliary activity and filter feeding may be controlled by a receptor responsive to both DA and 5HT.
BEHAVIORAL SELF-CONTROL IN TREATING PROCRASTINATION OF STUDYING

56 college students who procrastinated in studying were given either behavioral self-control training or a nondirective, attention-placebo control procedure. Experimental clients were exposed to training in either stimulus control, self-reinforcement, or a combination of the two. Half of these clients used self-punishment; half did not. Half were trained individually and half in groups of four. In terms of reported amount of study time and attitudes toward studying, experimental clients improved, whereas control clients did not. However, there were no significant differences among experimental subconditions. Neither control nor experimental conditions resulted in any significant change in over-all grade point average.
Application of Nonlinear Superposition to Creep and Relaxation of Commercial Die-Casting Aluminum Alloys

Die-cast aluminum alloys are heavily used in small engines, where they are subjected to long-term stresses at elevated temperatures. The resulting time-dependent material responses can result in inefficient engine operation and failure. A method to analytically determine the stress relaxation response directly from creep tests and to accurately interpolate between experimental time-history curves would be of great value. Constant strain, stress relaxation tests and constant load, creep tests were conducted on aluminum die-casting alloys: B-390, eutectic Al–Si and a 17% Si–Al alloy. A nonlinear superposition integral was used to (i) interpolate between empirical primary inelastic creep-strain and stress-relaxation time histories and (ii) to determine the stress relaxation response from corresponding creep data. Using isochronal stress-strain curves, prediction of the creep response at an intermediate stress level from empirical creep curves at higher and lower stresses resulted in a correlation (R) of 0.98. Similarly for relaxation, correlations of 0.98 were obtained for the prediction of an intermediate strain level curve from higher and lower empirical relaxation curves. The theoretical prediction of stress relaxation from empirical creep curves fell within 10% of experimental data.
Apex cardiogram in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease.

Abstract 1. 1. Our experience with the use of the apex cardiogram in the diagnosis of congenital heart disease is reviewed. 2. 2. Correlation of the apex cardiogram with intracardiac pressures in several congenital heart diseases showed that the apex cardiogram reflects with accuracy the hemodynamic status of the cardiovascular system. 3. 3. In general, patients with left to right shunt due to atrial septal defect and ventricular septal defect showed an abnormal right ventricular apex cardiogram characterized by an exaggeration of the rapid filling wave and by changes in the systolic wave. 4. 4. Conditions associated with pressure loading such as pulmonary stenosis or pulmonary hypertension are associated with a large a wave with a sustained systolic wave. 5. 5. Cases of subaortic stenosis showed abnormalities in the apex cardiogram which permitted separation from those of valvular stenosis. 6. 6. It was also shown that the degree of pulmonary hypertension in patients with left to right shunt is reflected in the apex cardiogram, thus providing a useful guide as to the hemodynamic state of a given congenital lesion.
Blocking leukotriene synthesis attenuates the pathophysiology of traumatic brain injury and associated cognitive deficits.

Neuroinflammation is a component of secondary injury following traumatic brain injury (TBI) that can persist beyond the acute phase. Leukotrienes are potent, pro-inflammatory lipid mediators generated from membrane phospholipids. In the absence of injury, leukotrienes are undetectable in the brain, but after trauma they are rapidly synthesized by a transcellular event involving infiltrating neutrophils and endogenous brain cells. Here, we investigate the efficacy of MK-886, an inhibitor of 5-lipoxygenase activating protein (FLAP), in blocking leukotriene synthesis, secondary brain damage, synaptic dysfunction, and cognitive impairments after TBI. Male Sprague Dawley rats (9-11weeks) received either MK-886 or vehicle after they were subjected to unilateral moderate fluid percussion injury (FPI) to assess the potential clinical use of FLAP inhibitors for TBI. MK-886 was also administered before FPI to determine the preventative potential of FLAP inhibitors. MK-886 given before or after injury significantly blocked the production of leukotrienes, measured by reverse-phase liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (RP LC-MS/MS), and brain edema, measured by T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MK-886 significantly attenuated blood-brain barrier disruption in the CA1 hippocampal region and deficits in long-term potentiation (LTP) at CA1 hippocampal synapses. The prevention of FPI-induced synaptic dysfunction by MK-886 was accompanied by fewer deficits in post-injury spatial learning and memory performance in the radial arm water maze (RAWM). These results indicate that leukotrienes contribute significantly to secondary brain injury and subsequent cognitive deficits. FLAP inhibitors represent a novel anti-inflammatory approach for treating human TBI that is feasible for both intervention and prevention of brain injury and neurologic deficits.
Generation X and Their Future Buying Behaviors in the Foodservice Industry

Abstract This paper details the demographic, societal, and psy-chographic influences on Generation Xers and discusses how these influences impact their buying behavior. Stereotypes attached to Generation Xers -i.e., they are fatalistic, pessimistic, listless, rootless, and goalless -have led to distinct buying behaviors in this population. Research is reviewed to show that Generation Xers are highly affected by technology, diversity, change, and choices, leading to seemingly paradoxical and elusive behaviors in Generation X's buying patterns. For the hospitality industry, the response to Generation X's consumer needs has taken the form of cybercafes and entertainment eateries, and recent trends in how the wine industry and the hotel industry are meeting the needs of Xers demonstrate the power of this population. Generation Xers are emerging as leaders who shape the future operations of the marketplace.
Gamma camera MTF measurements using an image chain analysis approach

Abstract Image chain analysis is applied to the determination of the MTF for a gamma camera. A simple method for performing this measurement for the purposes of quality control and acceptance testing is given. The parameters necessary for performance of this measurement are discussed. The computer program used is available in both FORTRAN VI and BASIC on request from the authors.
Parking practices and policies under rapid motorization: The case of China

With the rapid motorization in China, parking has become increasingly difficult and costly for automobile users. However, the effects of parking on the society go far beyond vehicle owners' costs. To inform decision makers in China and cities in similar motorizing societies, this study describes the market and policy trends of automobile parking in Chinese cities. Available data show that the gap between supply and demand in parking has enlarged, while most city governments have little experience and are institutionally unprepared for the proper planning, regulation, and management of parking. International experience and the Chinese problems call for a reform in urban parking management in order to promote sustainable urban transportation and maximize social welfare. This paper offers policy and planning suggestions regarding on- and off-street parking.
Differences in peptide decomposition rates and pathways between hypoxic and oxic coastal environments

Abstract Understanding the mechanisms of organic matter decomposition in hypoxic waters becomes more important globally with increasing hypoxia in coastal regions. Peptide decomposition rates were measured in low-oxygen bottom water and compared to those in oxygenated surface water of a stratified 18-m water column at a hypoxic northern Gulf of Mexico station. Water from each depth was spiked with small peptides alanine–valine–phenylalanine–alanine (AVFA) and VFA and incubated onboard for ca. 80 h to determine peptide decomposition rates, decomposition products, and bacterial community structure shifts. Decomposition rates of amended peptides were twice as high in the bottom water as in the surface water, and the pathways of peptide decomposition differed. In surface waters, the small peptides were hydrolyzed into individual amino acids extracellularly by aminopeptidase, based on the analysis of hydrolyzed fragments; hydrolysis rates remained constant throughout the incubation period. In contrast, in bottom waters the amended peptides were metabolized rapidly into ammonium by bacteria through either direct uptake or tight coupling of extracellular hydrolysis and subsequent uptake after an initial adaptation period (~ 22 h). Dissolved oxygen level did not affect peptide decomposition patterns significantly in surface or bottom water, when it was manipulated by sparging with air or nitrogen gas. The high efficiency of peptide decomposition in bottom waters corresponded to the rapid growth of several genera of Alpha- and Gammaproteobacteria. These bacterial species may have caused rapid peptide decomposition, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear. The high efficiency of peptide decomposition in hypoxic regions illustrates biogeochemical feedback to hypoxia formation in stratified coastal regions.
Energy and entropy of interacting dislocations

The energy and entropy of interacting edge dislocations have been calculated by atomistic simulations, with the use of piecewise-linear forces in a two-dimensional triangular lattice. We conclude that the interaction energy between small groups of dislocations is well described by continuum mechanics for separations greater than a few lattice spacings. Our calculations enable us to make a precise determination of the core energy, which is an essential parameter in determining dislocation multiplication rates. We find also that continuum mechanics gives an accurate representation of the interaction of a dislocation pair with a homogeneous elastic stress field. The vibrational contribution to the entropy of such a pair is small, about 0.3k.
The Economics of Bail Jumping

WHY do some defendants, released on personal or property bond or cash bail, fail to appear for their scheduled trial or hearing? This question, considered in this paper, diverges somewhat from the kind of question typically posed within the context of the heated debate over bail reform in America. A frequent query raised in the debate has been: should the bail system be employed to assure appearance at trial or to prevent the defen­dant's commission of further crimes? Another question has been whether the poor, the disadvantaged, the uneducated, or the innocent are punished under a system of bail based on alternative measures of either ability to pay or presumption of guilt.Recently researchers have begun to address the problem of determinants of bond-forfeiture rates, bail risk, and failure to appear for trial. Paul Wice summarized evidence suggesting that cities that not only actively super­ vise pretrial release but also base releases on criteria related to a defendant's record of past appearances tend to experience lower rates of bond forfeiture. Stephen Clarke et al., who find demographic variables and characteristics of the offense to be insignificant determinants of combined failure to appear at trial and rearrest, observe nevertheless a strong posi­ tive correlation of court delay with bail risk. William Landes, finding characteristics of the offense a significant determinant of bail forfeiture, similarly observes a significant effect of the size of bond on bail risk.The evidence suggests that bail jumping depends upon the choice be­havior of the defendant and the optimal bail-setting (or pretrial-release) procedure of the court. The latter problem has been investigated in depth by Landes. The principal motivation of this paper, however, is to investi­gate the choice behavior of the bail jumper and to heuristically describe how bail-setting procedures affect the choice to appear for trial. The model sketched in this paper assumes that defendants jump bail when the expected utility of appearing for trial is less than the expected utility of jumping bail. Increasing bail bond, reducing court delay, and releasing defendants on personal bond all could possibly reduce bail jumping. The econometric results confirm that bail jumping is negatively related to re­ lease on recognizance and bail bond. But, controlling for plea bargaining, court delay exhibits a minor inverse relationship to bail jumping.
Behavioral welfare economics and redistribution

Behavioral economics has shaken the view that individuals have well-defined, consistent, and stable preferences. This raises a challenge for welfare economics, which takes as a key postulate that individual preferences should be respected. We argue, in agreement with Bernheim (2009)and Bernheim and Range l(2009), that behavioral economics is compatible with consistency of partial preferences, and explore how the Bernheim-Rangel approach can be extended to deal with distributive issues. We revisit some key results of the theory in a framework with partial preferences, and show how one can derive partial orderings of individual and social situations.
Molecular mechanics studies of sequence-specific repair of DNA alkylated by EMS in the lacI gene of escherichia coli

Aspects of sequence-specific UvrABC excision repair in DNA have been studied by calculating binding energies of oligomers containing central 3mers of the type XGeY, where X and Y are bases corresponding to specific sites in the lacI gene of Escherichia coli and the central Ge is O{sup 6}-ethylguanine. Binding energies were determined by first calculating the total energy of the double strand for a given sequence in B-DNA form and subtracting the total energy of the two separate single strands. A plot of binding energy vs. the ratio of mutations at sites in repair-deficient and repair-proficient strains of E. coli show that the weaker the binding of the DNA helix the more efficiently ethylguanine lesions are repaired. A model is proposed that relates the local binding energies of ethylguanine-containing strands to the fraction of mutations remaining in an excision-repair-deficient strain of E. coli. This model indicates that site-specific variations in the efficiency of UvrABC excision repair of ethylguanine lesions may be controlled by variations in local helix geometry caused by weaker or tighter binding of the DNA helix.
Halley's method for the matrix sector function

The matrix n-sector function is a generalization of the matrix sign function; it can be used to determine the number of eigenvalues of a matrix in a specific sector of the complex plane and to extract the eigenpairs belonging to this sector without explicitly computing the eigenvalues. It is known that Newton's method, which can be used for computing the matrix sign function, is not globally convergent for the matrix sector function. The only existing algorithm for computing the matrix sector function is based on the continued fraction expansion approximation to the principal nth root of an arbitrary complex matrix. In this paper, we introduce a new algorithm based on Halley's generalized iteration formula for solving nonlinear equations. It is shown that the iteration has good error propagation properties and high accuracy. Finally, we give two application examples and summarize the results of our numerical experiments comparing Newton's, the continued fraction, and Halley's method. >
Feature detectors and difference operators in BP networks

Summary form only given, as follows. Hidden units are commonly thought to function as feature detectors. In the present work it was shown, however, that hidden units in networks trained using the backpropagation (BP) algorithm actually function as difference, or novelty, detectors most of the time. This was illustrated in four ways: (1) the form of the hidden unit weight vectors, (2) correlations between these weights and the training patterns, (3) the vectors obtained when these weights are multiplied by various input patterns, and (4) the weight vectors obtained from a piecewise linearized model of the network. >
Anoxic encephalopathy: a case study of an eight-year-old male with no residual cognitive deficits.

Anoxia is generally associated with impaired learning, memory, attention, and planning. We present a case of near-drowning (5–15 minute anoxia) with subsequent 15 hour coma that is extremely unique because of (1) the absence of neuropsychological and neurological deficits 3 1/2 months post-injury, and (2) the availability of pre-injury intelligence testing for comparison. Findings are important as previous research has suggested residual deficits will be evident after much briefer coma. The present findings suggest anoxic encephalopathy does not automatically result in neurological or cognitive impairment.
Human heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) protects murine cells from injury during metabolic stress

Expression of heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) is stimulated during ischemia, but its proposed cytoprotective function during metabolic stress has remained conjectural. We introduced a human hsp70 gene into mouse 10T1/2 cells and assessed the susceptibility of these cells to injury in response to conditions that mimic ischemia. Transiently transfected cells, in the absence of stress, expressed human hsp70 to levels equal to or greater than those induced by heat shock, as assessed by RNAse protection, immunoblot, and immunohistochemical analyses. By comparison to cells transfected with a control plasmid, cells expressing the human hsp70 transgene were resistant to injury induced by glucose deprivation and inhibition of mitochondrial respiration. These results provide direct evidence for a cytoprotective function of hsp70 during metabolic stress.
Overweight in children: definitions and interpretation

Studies in a variety of countries have shown increases in the prevalence of overweight among children in recent years. These increases have given rise to concern about children’s health and well-being. The terminology used in these studies varies considerably. However, whatever the terminology used, such studies are generally based on weight [expressed as body mass index (BMI), a measure of weight for height, calculated as weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in meters] and not on body fatness per se. There are many different BMI references that can be used to define childhood overweight or obesity. Children are defined as overweight for population surveillance purposes using a variety of BMI cut points. BMI is a screening tool, not a diagnostic tool. Children with a BMI over these cut points do not necessarily have clinical complications or health risks related to overfatness. More in-depth assessment of individual children is required to ascertain health status. The definitions of overweight generally used are working definitions that are valuable for general public health surveillance, screening and similar purposes.
Dietary Reference Intakes for Folate: the Debut of Dietary Folate Equivalents

New Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) for folate, including the Recommended Dietary Allowance, recently have been reported by the National Academy of Sciences. These new DRIs are summarized and the scientific basis and approach used to determine the recommended intake levels for folate are discussed.
CONCEPT OF ADEQUATE VENTILATION USING THE APNOEIC THRESHOLD DURING CURARE AND NITROUS OXIDE ANAESTHESIA

This paper describes the use of an absolute filter to remove pathogenic organisms from the inspired air during intermittent positive pressure respiration. The filter used removes all particles down to a diameter of 0.5 microns with an efficiency of 99.99 per cent, thus ensuring complete sterility from airborne bacteria.
Ecologically Oriented Family Intervention

An ecological approach to family therapy is relevant for all social classes, not only for the poor. Examples of this orientation are presented in this paper.
Peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor mediates the elevation of plasma IL-6 by immobilization stress in rats

We previously reported the elevation of plasma interleukin (IL)-6 activity in response to immobilization stress in rats. To investigate the role of peripheral corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) i...
The Determinants of Father Involvement and Connections to Children's Literacy and Language Outcomes: Review of the Literature

This review synthesizes findings from the literature about the impact of father involvement on children's literacy and language outcomes. Various proximal and distal factors influence levels of fathers’ involvement in literacy activities and fathers’ contributions to language development. Fathers’ education, income level, residence status, and relationship with the child's mother were indirect factors associated with children's literacy and language outcomes. Fathers also made unique, direct contributions to their children's literacy and language outcomes through the use of complex language, engagement in reading and writing activities, and responsive parenting behaviors. This review concludes by identifying gaps in the literature about other important contextual factors that may influence father involvement and about specific types of literacy activities that fathers engage in with their children.
Sensitivity Analysis for the Operating Efficiency of an Axial Piston Pump

Axial piston pumps of swash-plate type are extensively used in off-highway machines to convert rotating mechanical power into hydraulic power. Efficiency of such pumps is of considerable importance to hydraulic design engineers. Many researchers have tried to create mathematical models for describing pump efficiency. These models are typically a system of nonlinear algebraic equations dependent upon a total of four variables (pressure, speed, temperature, displacement) and a set of experimentally determined coefficients. Since these models are not of the a-priori type, they are not of much value to a design engineer who is trying to design an efficient pump. Others have tried to use physics based models and numerical programs to accurately predict the influence of component design on efficiency. Such programs are considerably slow to run and of not much use to a design engineer who needs to make quick decisions. Hence the objective of this paper is to understand the sensitivity of various design parameters on the total efficiency of the pump by conducting a dimensionless parameter study of a large set of pump design parameters. Using this method it will be shown that a small group of design parameters have the highest influence on the efficiency of these pumps.Copyright © 2015 by ASME
The Role of Drug–Polymer Hydrogen Bonding Interactions on the Molecular Mobility and Physical Stability of Nifedipine Solid Dispersions

We investigated the influence of drug–polymer hydrogen bonding interactions on molecular mobility and the physical stability in solid dispersions of nifedipine with each of the polymers polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose (HPMCAS), and poly(acrylic acid) (PAA). The drug–polymer interactions were monitored by FT-IR spectroscopy, the molecular mobility was characterized using broadband dielectric spectroscopy, and the crystallization kinetics was evaluated by powder X-ray diffractometry. The strength of drug–polymer hydrogen bonding, the structural relaxation time, and the crystallization kinetics were rank ordered as PVP > HPMCAS > PAA. At a fixed polymer concentration, the fraction of the drug bonded to the polymer was the highest with PVP. Addition of 20% w/w polymer resulted in ∼65-fold increase in the relaxation time in the PVP dispersion and only ∼5-fold increase in HPMCAS dispersion. In the PAA dispersions, there was no evidence of drug–polymer interactions and the polymer addit...
Locoregional outcomes in clinical stage IIB breast cancer after neoadjuvant therapy and mastectomy with or without radiation

Low rates of locoregional recurrence (LRR) in patients with clinical stage IIB breast cancer (cT2N1 or cT3N0) who undergo neoadjuvant therapy (NAT) and mastectomy have been reported. We aimed to quantify the risk of LRR and the relationship between LRR and potential risk factors in this subset of patients. We conducted a retrospective review of 116 patients with clinical IIB breast cancer who underwent NAT followed by mastectomy +/- postmastectomy radiotherapy (PMRT) between 2000 and 2009. We estimated the rate of LRR by cumulative incidence. The effect of prognostic factors was examined by Gray's test and Fine and Gray's test. Median follow-up: 63 months. Median age: 49. 28.4% cT2N1 and 71.6% cT3N0. 62.1% of tumors were ER+, 22.6% HER2+, 19% triple negative (TN). All patients underwent NAT and mastectomy. The majority of patients (87%) received PMRT; 32.3% were treated to chest wall (CW) only, and 67.7% to CW plus supraclavicular (SCV) field. Compared to cT2N1, patients with cT3N0 disease were more likely to be pN0 (60% vs 27%, P = 0.005). There was no significant relationship between risk of LRR and pathologic complete response (pCR), use of PMRT, RT to SCV field, or TN status, but there was higher risk of LRR in cT2N1 than cT3N0 (HR 6.03, P = 0.015). LRR was more common in cT2N1 than in cT3N0 disease, emphasizing the negative prognostic implication of clinically node-positive presentation.
Mortality Risk Associated With Resistant Hypertension Among Women: Analysis from Three Prospective Cohorts Encompassing the Spectrum of Women's Heart Disease.

Abstract Background: Women are at greater risk of developing resistant hypertension (RH) than men, yet scarce data exist on RH-associated outcomes in women. We aimed to determine all-cause mortality risk associated with apparent RH (aRH) among women across the spectrum of underlying coronary disease. Materials and Methods: We analyzed data from St. James Women Take Heart (WTH; women without coronary disease at baseline), Women's Ischemia Syndrome Evaluation (women with signs/symptoms of ischemia at baseline), and the INternational VErapamil-Trandolapril STudy (INVEST; women with coronary artery disease and hypertension at baseline), totaling 15,108 adult women with no hypertension, non-RH (blood pressure [BP] ≥140/90 mmHg on ≤2 drugs or BP <140/90 mmHg on 1–3 drugs), or aRH (BP ≥140/90 mmHg on ≥3 drugs or anyone on ≥4 drugs) at baseline. The primary outcome was all-cause mortality. Results: Prevalence of aRH ranged from 0.4% (WTH) to 10.6% (INVEST). Women with aRH, compared to those without, were older, m...
Ebook record management at The University of Texas at Dallas

In this article the authors describe management and cataloging practices for ebooks at The University of Texas at Dallas library in their newly implemented Integrated Library System (ILS) Alma. Encountered issues are reviewed when handling vendor ebook records and best practices are shared such as duplicate records control.
Simulation-Based Interprofessional Team Training

Abstract Interprofessional team training in medicine evolved out of crisis resource management principles initially used in the aviation industry to improve teamwork and communication skills. With the 1999 publication of the Institute of Medicine report, To Err is Human: Building a Safer Health System , there has been an ever increasing focus on the impact of communication and teamwork on the rate of medical error and quality of patient care. With this is mind, there is a growing acknowledgement of the need for training in these critical skills. Recently, simulation-based team training programs have been developed across a variety of disciplines, including anesthesia, surgery, emergency medicine, and pediatric emergency medicine. As the number and spectrum of these programs has increased, best practices for high-quality training programs have been published, including the following: practice recommendations for curriculum design, scenario design, feedback, and debriefing. Assessment tools have also been developed to evaluate the quality of these teamwork behaviors, as well as the potential impact of these programs. Although the impact of simulation-based interprofessional team training on actual patient care has been investigated in several studies, it is clear that further work is needed to fully evaluate the effect of this training and the best techniques and processes to accomplish the objectives of high-quality health care for all.
Split-post dielectric resonator plasma generators

Recently, it has been shown that microplasmas can be generated via the use of split-ring-resonator metamaterial structures. However, it has been suggested that high Q-factors may lead to even more efficient microplasma generation1. This inspired the use of dielectric resonators with high Q-factors to generate plasmas. Unlike all previous plasma generators, dielectric resonator plasma generators may be ideal for interaction with high-frequency electromagnetic radiation since conductor losses can be eliminated or minimized. In addition, the dielectric resonator can enhance the electric field via dielectric contrast. One potential application is to use low-loss dielectrics to generate plasmas which may then act as metamaterials for GHz-THz radiation. The electromagnetic properties of plasmas can be tuned rapidly via changing external parameters such as input power and pressure, which makes them an interesting candidate for tunable metamaterials. We explore the properties of dielectric resonator plasma generators as well as the plasmas which are generated by the resonators. In addition, the use of low work function thin films is explored in order to enhance plasma generation properties and reduce damage to the dielectrics.
Influence of Structural Fluctuations, Proton Transfer, and Electric Field on Polarization Switching of Supported Two-Dimensional Hydrogen-Bonded Oxocarbon Monolayers

The structural alignment, proton transfer, and molecular dipole under an electric field and as a function of simulation time have been investigated computationally for experimentally observed two-dimensional sheets of croconic acid (CA) on Ag(111) surface and rhodizonic acid (RA) molecules on Au(111) surface at room temperature. Depending on their local environment, some of the OH···O bonds in the CA monolayer exhibit spontaneous proton transfer especially for those bonds that are part of a trimer unit within the hydrogen-bonding network. In stark contrast, the RA molecules exhibit little proton transfer. It is found that thermal structural fluctuations of the molecular layers translate into considerable fluctuations of the polarization vector within the film plane, and even polarization reversal, at room temperature, which even can mask additional contributions to the polarization from the spontaneous and electric field induced proton transfer in CA monolayer. A common feature for both supported CA and R...